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LAMB'S  ,-.V:Ki-;v- 

BIOGRAPHICAL    DICTIONARY 


OF  THE 


UNITED    STATES 


•  Search  for  the  truth  ia  the  noblest  occupation  of  man  ;  its  publication  a  iluty." 

Madame  de  titael. 


You* ME  Y. 

LEAMING  — NEWTON 


I 


mwim 


BOSTON,  MASS. 

FEDJCIIAL    BOOK    COMPANY    OF   BOSTON 

372  TJOYLSTOX  STKKET 

1903 


y  a 


Copyright,  1902 
BY  FEDERAL  BOOK  COMPANY,  OF  BOSTON 


^FNERAL 


FULL    PAGE    PORTRAITS. 


ABRAHAM  LINCOLX 

ROHERT  E  i)  \VARD  LEE 

HENRY  WADSWORTII  LONGFELLOW       Poet 

WILLIAM  McKiXLEY 

JAMES  MAIHSON 

JOHN  MAKSIIALL 

NELSON  AITLETOX  MILES 

JAMES  ^[OXROE 

SAMUEL  FIXLEY  BREESE  MORSE 


PAGE 

President 

Frontispiece 

Soldier 

Facing      21 

Poet 

115 

President 

272 

President 

319 

Statesman 

370 

Soldier 

474 

P  resilient 

518 

Inventor 

685 

ry 


LAMB'S 

BIOGRAPHICAL  DICTIONARY 


OF  THE 


UNITED    STATES. 


L. 


LEAMINQ,  Thomas,  patriot,  was  born  in 
Philadelphia.  Pa.,  Aug.  20,  1748.  He  studied  law 
with  John  Dickinson  and  practised  in  Pennsyl 
vania  and  in  New  Jersey  until  1776.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  convention  that  met  June  10,  1776, 
to  declare  the  independence  of  the  colony  of  New 
Jersey,  and  draw  up  a  constitution,  as  framed 
July  2,  1776.  After  finishing  the  work  he  re 
turned  to  Philadelphia,  joined  the  Continental 
army,  and  organized  a  battalion  in  New  Jersey, 
which  he  drilled,  officered  and  equipped.  Upon 
his  return  to  Philadelphia  he  joined  the  1st  city 
troop  of  light  horse  which  acted  as  body-guard  to 
General  Washington,  1776-77,  and  he  participated 
in  the  battle  of  Germantown,  Oct.  4,  1777.  He 
entered  the  mercantile  house  of  A.  Bunner  &  Co. 
as  the  moneyed  partner  in  1777.  and  the  firm  con 
tinued  to  import  large  quantities  of  ammunition 
and  accoutrements,  which  they  supplied  to  the 
army  at  a  time  when  the  government  had  neither 
funds  nor  credit.  The  firm  subscribed  for  the 
relief  of  the  Continental  army  £6000  of  the 
£'260.000  obtained  from  the  merchants  of  Phila 
delphia.  He  died  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  in  1797. 

LEAR,  Tobias,  diplomatist,  was  born  in  Ports 
mouth.  N.H.,  Sept.  19.  176-2  :  son  of  Capt,  Tobias 
and  Mary  (Stilson)  Lear,  and  grandson  of  Capt. 
Tobias  and  Elizabeth  (Hall)  Lear.  He  was  grad 
uated  from  Harvard.  A.B.,  1783;  engaged  in 
teaching,  1784-86;  was  private  secretary  to 
Washington  and  tutor  to  his  adopted  children  at 
Mount  Vernon,  1786-98  ;  visited  Great  Britain, 
1798-94,  and  was  military  secretary  to  General 
Washington,  with  the  rank  of  colonel,  1798-99. 
He  was  present  at  Washington's  death-bed,  and 
by  his  will  was  given  the  free  rent  of  the  farm 
which  he  then  occupied  on  the  Potomac,  near 
Mount  Vernon,  for  the  remainder  of  his  life.  He 
was  consul-general  at  Santo  Domingo  in  1801, 
and  at  Algiers.  1804-12.  In  1805  he  served  as  a 
commissioner  with  Commodore  Barron  to  con 


clude  a  treaty  of  peace  with  Tripoli,  which  was 
effected  by  agreeing  to  pay  $60,000  for  the  release 
of  two  hundred  prisoners.  His  action  was  ap 
proved  by  the  government  at  Washington,  but 
censured  by  U.S.  Naval  Agent  Eaton,  by  Com 
modore  Isaac  Hull,  U.S.N.,  by  Hamet  Caramelli, 
the  deposed  bey,  and  by  the  war  party  in  the 
United  States.  In.  1812  he  was  appointed  by 
President  Madison  accountant  to  the  war  depart 
ment  at  Washington,  D.C.,  where  he  served  until 
his  death.  He  was  thrice  married  :  first,  April 
18,  1790.  to  Mary,  daughter  of  Col.  Pierse  Long, 
of  Portsmouth,  N.H.,  who  died  in  1793  ;  secondly, 
Aug.  22,  1795,  to  Frances  (Bassett)  Washington, 
daughter  of  Col.  Bur  well  Bassett,  of  New  Kent 
county,  Va.,  and  widow  of  Col.  George  Augustine 
Washington  ;  and  thirdly,  to  Frances  Dandridge 
Henley,  a  niece  of  Mrs.  Washington.  He  is  the 
author  of  :  The  Last  Words  of  Washington.  He 
died  in  Washington,  D.C.,  Oct.  11,  1816. 

LEARNED,  Atnasa,  representative,  was  born 
at  Killingly,  Conn.,  Nov.  15,  1750;  a  descendant 
from  William  Learned,  the  emigrant  in  1630. 
He  was  graduated  from  Yale  in  1772,  studied 
theology,  and  \vas  licensed  to  preach.  He  was  a 
representative  from  Connecticut  in  the  2d  and  3d 
congresses,  1791-95  ;  was  a  member  of  the  con 
vention  which  ratified  the  constitution  of  the 
United  States  ;  a  delegate  to  the  state  constitu 
tional  convention  in  1818,  and  for  several  years  a 
representative  in  the  state  legislature.  He  mar 
ried  Grace  Hallam.  He  received  the  degree  of 
A.M.  from  Yale  in  1783.  He  died  in  New  Lon 
don,  Conn.,  May  4,  1825. 

LEARNED,  William  Law,  jurist,  was  born  in 
New  London,  Conn.,  July  24.  1821  ;  son  of  Eben- 
ezer  and  Lydia  (Coit)  Learned  ;  grandson  of 
Amasa  (q.v.)and  Grace  (Hallam)  Learned  and  of 
Joshua  (q.v.)  and  Ann  B.  (Hallam)  Coit,  and  a  de 
scendant  of  William  Learned,  who  emigrated 
from  England  and  settled  in  Charlestown,  Mass., 


[1] 


LEARY 


LEAVEXWORTH 


about  1630,  and  of  John  Coit,  who  came  from  Gla 
morganshire,  Wales,  and  settled  in  Salem,  Mass., 
before  1638.  He  was  prepared  for  college  at 
Union  school,  in  New  London,  and  was  graduated 
from  Yale,  A. B.,  in  1841.  He  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1844,  and  practised  at  Albany,  N.Y. 
He  was  appointed  a  justice  of  the  supreme  court 
of  New  York  by  Governor  Hoffman  in  1870,  to 
fill  the  vacancy  caused  by  the  elevation  of  Rufus 
W.  Peckham  to  the  court  of  appeals,  and  the 
same  year  he  was  elected  by  the  Democratic 
party  to  the  office  for  a  term  of  fourteen  years, 
being  the  first  judge  elected  for  so  long  a  term. 
He  was  connected  with  the  Albany  Law  school 
as  professor  and  lecturer  and  as  president  of  the 
institution.  He  was  appointed  presiding  justice 
of  the  third  division  by  Governor  Tilden  in  1875, 
in  place  of  Theodore  Miller,  elevated  to  the  court 
of  appeals.  In  1884  he  was  re-elected  a  justice  of 
the  supreme  court,  and  he  was  continued  as  pre 
siding  justice  for  the  third  division  by  Governor 
Cleveland.  He  was  retired  by  reason  of  age, 
Dec.  31,  1891,  and  returned  to  the  practice  of  law 
in  Albany.  He  was  twice  married  :  first,  May 
29,  1855,  to  Phebe  Rowland,  daughter  of  Alexan 
der  Marvin,  of  Albany,  who  died  in  1864  ;  and 
secondly,  Jan.  15,  1868,  to  Katherine,  daughter 
of  Clinton  De  Witt.  He  was  president  and  a 
trustee  of  the  Albany  Female  academy  for  many 
years ;  a  school  commissioner  of  Albany  and 
president  of  the  board  from  1893,  and  held  many 
other  important  local  positions.  He  received 
from  Yale  the  degree  of  A.M.  in  1847,  and  that  of 
LL.D.  in  1878.  He  edited  and  published :  Ma 
dame  Knight's  Journal  (1866);  Earle's  Microcos- 
mography  (1867),  and  compiled  the  Learned 
Genealogy  (1882,  2d  ed.,  1898). 

LEARY,  Richard  Phillips,  naval  officer,  was 
born  in  Baltimore,  Md.,  Nov.  3,  1842  ;  grandson 
of  Richard  Phillips 
and  of  Peter  Leary. 
He  was  appointed  to 
the  U.S.  Naval  acade 
my  from  Maryland  in 
1860  ;  ordered  into 
active  service  in  1863, 
and  was  promoted 
acting  ensign,  Oct. 
1,  1863.  He  was  at 
tached  to  blockading 
squadrons  off  Charles 
ton,  S.C.,  1863-65  ; 
was  promoted  master, 
May  10,  1866  :  lieu 
tenant.  Feb.  21,  18- 
67  ;  lieutenant-com 
mander.  March  12.  1868.  and  commander,  June 
2.  1HS2.  He  commanded  the  Adams  on  the 
Pacific  station  in  Apia  harbor,  Samoa,  during  the 


[2] 


revolution  in  1888,  and  his  timely  action,  on  Nov. 
14,  1888,  in  informing  the  captain  of  the  German 
warship  Adler  that  he  would  protect  American 
property,  prevented  a  threatened  attack  on  the 
fort  of  the  loyalist  leader  Mataafa.  He  received  a 
gold  medal  and  the  thanks  of  the  legislature  of 
Maryland  for  his  services  in  this  affair.  He  was 
promoted  captain,  April  6,  1897,  commanded  the 
San  Francisco,  1897-98,  and  convoyed  the  New 
Orleans,  bought  from  Brazil,  to  the  United  States. 
He  was  appointed  inspecting  officer  of  the  con 
struction  of  the  torpedo  boats  at  Weymoutli  and 
South  Boston,  with  headquarters  at  the  Boston 
navy  yard,  in  November,  1898,  and  served  until 
appointed  naval  governor  of  Guam,  P.  I.,  in 
January,  1899.  He  was  retired  for  physical  dis 
ability  and  promoted  rear-admiral,  Dec.  26,  1902. 
He  died  in  hospital,  Chelsea,  Mass.,  Dec.  27,  1902. 

LEAVELL,  Richard  flarion,  educator,  was 
born  in  Newberry  district,  S.C.,Aug.  1.  1838;  son 
of  James  and  Emily  A.  (Worthington)  Leavell. 
His  father  removed  to  Cherry  Creek,  Miss.,  about 
1840.  Richard  was  graduated  from  the  Univer 
sity  of  Mississippi  in  1859,  and  engaged  in  teach 
ing.  He  was  married,  March  4,  1863,  to  Martha 
Louisa  Berry.  He  served  in  the  Army  of  North 
ern  Virginia  as  lieutenant  and  captain  in  the  2d 
Mississippi  regiment,  and  at  the  battle  of  Gettys 
burg,  July  2,  1863,  with  a  large  part  of  his  regi 
ment,  was  captui'ed  and  imprisoned  at  Fort 
Delaware,  from  whence  he  was  removed  to 
Johnson's  Island,  Ohio.  He  was  interested  in  the 
scheme  proposed  by  Captain  Cole,  to  effect  the 
felease  of  the  officers  confined  on  Johnson's  Island, 
and  during  his  imprisonment  was  a  member  of  a 
law  class  taught  by  Gen.  J.  Z.  George.  He  was 
released  in  1865  and  was  instructor  at  the  Verona 
Male  academy,  1865-71.  He  was  a  representative 
in  the  state  legislature,  1871-82  ;  a  trustee  of  the 
Confederate  Orphans'  Home  at  Lauderdale,  Miss. ; 
professor  of  English  language  and  literature  at 
Mississippi  college,  1882-1890  ;  professor  of  Eng 
lish  and  belles-lettres  at  the  University  of  Missis 
sippi,  1890-92,  and  was  elected  professor  of  phil 
osophy  and  political  economy  in  1892.  He  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  Modern  Language  asso 
ciation  of  America  in  1885  and  of  the  National 
Educational  association  of  the  United  States  in 
1896. 

LEAVENWORTH,  Elias  Warner,  represent 
ative,  was  born  in  Canaan,  N.Y.,  Dec.  20,  1803; 
son  of  David  and  Lucinda  (Mather)  Leavenworth; 
grandson  of  Asa  and  Submit  (Scott)  Leaven- 
worth  and  of  Zachariah  and  Lucy  (Gaylord) 
Mather,  and  a  descendant  of  Thomas  and  Grace 
Leaven  worth,  of  England,  who  settled  at  Wood- 
bury,  Conn.,  where  Thomas  died,  Aug.  3,  1683. 
His  parents  removed  to  Great  Barrington,  Mass., 
in  1806,  and  lie  was  graduated  from  Yale,  A.B^ 


LEAVENWORTH 


LEAVITT 


1824,  A.M.,  1827.  He  studied  law  at  the  Litch- 
field  Law  school,  1825-27  ;  settled  in  practice  at 
Syracuse,  N.Y.,  in  November,  1827;  and  retired 
from  the  profession  in  1850.  He  was  married, 
June  21,  1833,  to  Mary  Elizabeth,  daughter  of 
Joshua  and  Margaret  P.  (Alexander)  Forman,  of 
Onondaga,  N.Y.  He  was  commander  of  the  7th 
brigade  of  artillery,  N.Y.S.M.,  and  resigned  the 
commission  in  1841.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
state  assembly  in  1850  and  1857  ;  secretary  of  the 
state  of  New  York,  1854-55;  a  member  of  the 
quarantine  commission  in  1860,  and  a  commis 
sioner  for  the  United  States,  under  the  conven 
tion  with  New  Grenada,  at  Washington,  B.C., 
1861-62.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Republican 
state  convention,  1860;  of  the  state  constitutional 
convention  of  1872  ;  a  Republican  representative 
from  the  twenty-fifth  New  York  district  in  the 
44th  congress,  1875-77,  and  a  commissioner  with 
Henry  R.  Pierson  and  Cbauncey  M.  Depew  to 
establish  and  define  the  boundaries  between  New 
York,  New  Jersey  and  Pennsylvania,  1879-87. 
He  was  a  regent  of  the  University  of  the  State 
of  New  York,  1861-87,  and  a  trustee  of  the  state 
asylum  for  idiots,  1865-87.  He  is  the  author  of : 
Genealogy  of  tlte  Leavenworth  Family  (1873). 
He  died  in  Syracuse,  N.Y.,  Nov.  25.  1887. 

LEAVENWORTH,  Henry,  soldier,  was  born 
in  New  Haven,  Conn.,  Dec.  10.  1783  ;  son  of  Col. 
Jesse  and  Eunice  (Sperry)  Leavenworth  ;  grand 
son  of  Mark  and  Sarah  (Hull)  Leavenworth  ; 
great-grandson  of  Dr.  Thomas  and  Mary  (Jenkins) 
Leavenworth,  and  great-grandson  of  Thomas 
and  Grace  Leavenworth,  the  immigrants.  In 
early  childhood  he  removed  to  Danville,  Vt., 
with  his  father,  and  later  studied  law  with  Gen. 
Erastus  Root,  in  Delhi,  N.Y.,  and  practised  with 
his  preceptor,  1804-12.  He  was  commissioned 
captain,  25th  U.S.  infantry,  April  25,  1812,  and 
major,  9th  U.S.  infantry,  Aug.  15,  1812.  He  com 
manded  his  regiment  at  the  battle  of  Chippewa, 
July  5,  1814,  being  brevetted  lieutenant-colonel 
in  August.  1814,  and  at  Niagara  where  he  was 
wounded,  July  25,  1814,  and  was  brevetted  col- 
lonel  in  November,  1814.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  New  York  state  assembly,  1816,  and  became 
Indian  agent  for  the  northwestern  territory  with 
headquarters  at  Prairie  du  Chien  in  1817.  His 
wife  and  daughter  were  said  to  be  the  first  white 
women  to  travel  through  the  wilderness  to  this 
remote  station.  He  was  promoted  lieutenant- 
colonel  in  the  5th  U.S.  infantry,  Feb.  10,  1818, 
and  for  a  time  had  charge  of  the  school  for 
infantry  practice  at  Jefferson  barracks,  and  built 
several  military  posts,  including  Cantonment 
Leavenworth  on  the  Missouri  river.  He  was 
brevetted  brigadier  general,  July  25,  1824,  for  ten 
years'  faithful  service,  was  promoted  colonel  of 
the  3d  infantry,  Dec.  16,  1825,  and  brigadier- 


general,  U.S.A.,  in  1833.  He  was  stationed  at 
Fort  Jessup,  and  died  while  on  an  expedition 
against  the  Pawnee  and  Camanche  Indians.  His 
regiment  erected  a  monument  to  his  memory. 
He  died  at  Cross  Timbers,  Ind.  Ty.,  July  21,  1834. 
LEAVITT,  Humphrey  Howe,  jurist,  was  born 
in  Suffield,  Conn. ,  June  18, 1796  ;  son  of  Capt.  John 
and  —  —  (Fitch)  Leavitt,  and  a  descendant  of 
John  Leavitt,  who  was  born  in  Hingham,  Eng 
land,  1608,  came  to  Boston,  1628,  settled  in  Hing 
ham,  Mass.,  1635,  and  died  there,  1691.  Capt.  John 
Leavitt  removed  from  Connecticut  to  the  North 
west  Territory  in  1800,  and  settled  in  what  be 
came  Trumbull  county,  Ohio.  Humphrey  Howe 
Leavitt  received  a  classical  education  from  a 
Dartmouth  graduate,  and  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1817.  He  was  married  Dec.  25,  1821,  to 
Maria  Antoinette,  daughter  of  Dr.  John  McDowell 
of  Steubenville,  Ohio.  He  practised  law,  first  in 
Cadiz,  removing  in  a  short  time  to  Steubenville. 
He  was  a  Democratic  representative  in  the  state 
legislature,  1825-26,  state  senator,  1827-29,  and  a 
representative  from  the  eleventh  district  of  Ohio 
in  the  21st,  22d,  and  23d  congresses,  1829-34,  re 
signing  July  10, 1834,  to  accept  the  office  of  judge 
of  the  U.S.  district  court  from  President  Jack 
son,  which  office  he  held  until  March  31,  1871, 
when  he  resigned.  He  presided  over  the  Vallan- 
digham  trial  in  1863.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the 
Presbyterian  general  assembly  during  eleven 
sessions.  He  wrote  all  the  opinions  in  "  Bond's 
Reports  "  and  many  ii,  "  McLean's  Reports."  He 
died  in  Springfield,  Ohio,  March  15,  1873. 

LEAVITT,  John  flcDowell,  educator  and  au 
thor,  was  born  in  Steubenville,  Ohio,  May  10, 
1824  ;  son  of  Judge  Humphrey  Howe  and  Maria 
Antoinette  (McDowell)  Leavitt ;  grandson  of  Dr. 
John  McDowell,  a 
physician,  and  great 
grandson  of  the  Rev. 
Alexander  McDow 
ell,  a  Scotch  Pres 
byterian  clergyman. 
He  was  graduated 
at  Jefferson  college, 
Pa.,  A. B.,  1841,  A.M., 
1844.  He  studied 
law  with  his  father 
and  with  Judge 
Swayne,  and  prac 
tised  in  Cincinnati, 
Ohio,  1845-48,  but 
deciding  to  enter  the 
ministry  of  the 

Methodist  Episcopal  church,  he  served  as  a 
preacher  and  professor  from  1848  to  1S61.  He  was 
married  in  1848  to  Bithia,  daughter  of  Moses 
Brooks.  He  was  professor  of  mathematics  in 
Ohio  university,  1854-55  ;  professor  of  languages, 


LEAVITT 


LEAVITT 


1855-57  ;  a  graduate  in  theology,  Bexley  Hall,  Ken- 
yon  college,  Gambler,  Ohio,  and  was  made  a  dea 
con  and  presbyter  in  the  Protestant  Episcopal 
church.  He  was  professor  in  Keiiyon  ;  rector  of 
St.  James's  church,  Zanesville,  Ohio  ;  became  edi 
tor  of  the  American  Quarterly  Church  Review 
in  1867  ;  founded  and  edited  the  International 
Review ;  was  president  of  Lehigh  university, 
1875-80  ;  of  St.  John's  college,  Annapolis,  Md., 
1880-84 ,  and  became  professor  of  ecclesiastical 
polity,  history  and  Christian  evidences  in  the 
Theological  Seminary  of  the  Reformed  Episcopal 
Church,  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  in  1884.  He  received 
the  honorary  degree  of  D.I),  from  Ohio  university 
in  1874.  and  that  of  LL.D.  from  St.  John's  col 
lege  in  1889.  He  is  the  author  of  :  Psychology  in 
Itself  and  its  Relations  to  Belief ;  Hymns  to  Our 
King  (1873)  ;  Visions  of  Solyma  and  Other  Poems 
(1895);  The  Christian  Democracy,  a  History  of 
its  Suppression  and  Revival  (1896);  Reasons  for 
Faith  in  Christianity,  ii'ith  Answers  to  Hyper- 
•criticism  (1900);  My  Creed  and  My  Confession, 
the  Legacy  of  an  Octogenarian  (1901). 

LEAVITT,  Joshua,  reformer,  was  born  in 
Heath,  Mass. ,  Sept.  8, 1794  :  son  of  Roger  and  Chloe 
(Maxwell)  Leavitt,  and  grandson  of  the  Rev. 
Jonathan  Leavitt  of  Charlemont,  Mass.,  a  gradu 
ate  of  Yale,  1758,  died  1802.  Joshua  Leavitt  was 
graduated  at  Yale,  A.B.,  1814,  A.M.,  1817;  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  Northampton,  Mass.,  in 
1819.  and  practised  law  at  Putney,  Vt.,  1819-23. 
He  was  graduated  at  Yale  Divinity  school  in 
1825,  and  was  ordained  to  the  Congregational 
ministry  Feb.  23,  1825.  He  was  pastor  at  Strat 
ford,  Conn..  1825-28,  and  served  as  agent  of  the 
American  Temperance  society  for  four  months. 
He  removed  to  New  York  city  in  1828,  as  secre 
tary  of  the  American  Seamen's  Friend  society ; 
edited  the  Sailor's  Magazine,  1828-31  ;  owned  and 
edited  the  Evangelist  in  New  York  city,  1831-37, 
making  it  a  liberal  temperance  and  anti-slavery 
organ.  He  edited  the  Emancipator  in  New  York 
and  Boston,  1837-47  ;  the  Chronicle,  the  first  daily 
anti-slavery  paper,  in  1848  ;  was  office  editor  of 
the  Independent  in  New  York  city,  1848-64,  and 
a  member  of  its  staff  until  his  death.  He  formed 
societies  and  established  chapels  in  various  for 
eign  and  domestic  ports  in  connection  with  the 
Seamen's  Friend  society,  and  was  the  first  secre 
tary  of  the  American  Temperance  society.  He 
was  a  delegate  to  the  convention  at  Albany.  N.Y., 
that  gave  birth  to  the  Liberal  party  in  1840,  and 
in  that  year  established  The  Ballot  Box,  in  which 
he  supported  James  G.  Birney  for  President  of 
the  United  States.  He  founded  the  Cheap  Post 
age  society  in  Boston,  Mass.,  in  1847,  and  resided 
in  Washington,  D.C.,  1848-49,  where  he  labored 
for  the  adoption  of  the  two-cent  postage  rate.  It 
is  claimed  that  he  had  an  influence,  through  his 


correspondence  with  Richard  Cobden  setting 
fortli  the  capacity  of  the  United  States  for  rais 
ing  wheat,  in  securing  the  repeal  of  the  English 
corn  laws,  and  in  1869  lie  received  a  gold  medal 
from  the  Cobden  club  of  England  for  his  article 
advocating  free  trade.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
Colonization  society ;  founded  the  New  York 
Anti-slavery  society  in  1833  ;  was  a  member  of 
its  executive  committee  in  1835,  and  continued 
a  member  of  the  National  Anti-slavery  society, 
into  which  the  former  was  merged.  He  was 
married  to  Sarah,  daughter  of  the  Rev.  Solomon 
Williams  of  Northampton,  Mass.  He  received 
the  degree  of  D.D.  from  Wabash  college  in 
1854.  He  is  the  author  of  :  Easy  Lessons  in  Read 
ing  (1823);  The  Cltristian  Lyre  (1831),  and  a 
series  of  readers  (1847).  He  died  in  Brooklyn, 
N.  Y.  Jan.  16,  1873. 

LEAVITT,  Julius  Adalbert,  educator,  was 
born  inGouverneur.  N.Y.,  March  4,  1852;  son  of 
Halsey  Carroll  and  Romanda  (Leach)  Leavitt,  and 
grandson  of  Benjamin  and  Cynthia  (Ashley)  Leav 
itt.  He  was  graduated  from  Brown  university  in 
1875,  and  studied  at  Newton  Theological  institu 
tion,  1875-76  ;  was  ordained  to  the  Baptist  min 
istry  at  Graf  ton,  Vt..  June  24,  1876  ;  was  pastor 
of  churches  at  Grafton,  Vt.,  1876-77;  Essex, 
Conn.,  1877-80  ;  Beloit,  Kan.,  1880-82,  and  Leav- 
envvorth,  Kan.,  1882-84  ;  was  state  Sunday- 
school  missionary  for  Illinois,  1885-90,  and  was 
elected  president  of  Ewing  college  in  1890.  He 
was  married,  May  30,  1876,  to  Isabelle  I.  Brown, 
of  Providence,  R.I.,  and  secondly,  on  Dec.  29, 
1881,  to  Lillie  H.  Lemen.  of  Collingsville.  III. 
The  honorary  degree  of  D.D.  was  conferred  on 
him  by  La  Grange  college,  Mo.,  in  1896.  He  was 
editor  of  the  Baptist  Scintillations,  and  became 
associate  editor  of  the  Baptist  News  in  1896. 

LEAVITT,  flary  Clement,  temperance  mis 
sionary,  was  born  in  Hopkinton,  N.H.,  Sept.  22, 
1830 ;  daughter  of  the  Rev.  Joshua  and  Eliza 
(Harvey)  Clement,  and  a  descendant  of  that 
Robert  Clement,  of  Warwickshire,  England,  who 
was  one  of  the  founders  of  Haverhill,  Mass., 
1640.  She  was  graduated  at  the  State  Normal 
school,  West  Newton,  Mass  ;  taught  school  in 
Boston,  and  opened  a  school  for  young  children. 
She  assisted  the  evangelist,  Dwight  L.  Moody,  at 
the  noon  meetings  during  his  first  visit  to  Boston, 
and  took  an  active  part  in  the  work  of  the 
Woman's  Christian  Temperance  Union,  of  which 
she  was  an  early  member.  She  was  president  of 
the  Boston  union,  a  member  of  the  Massachusetts 
state  executive  committee  and  a  student  of  the 
various  phases  of  intemperance.  She  became  a 
national  lecturer  for  the  W.C.T.U.  in  1880,  super 
intended  work  on  the  Pacific  coast,  1883-84,  and 
made  a  tour  around  the  world,  1884-91,  in  which 
her  expenses  were  met  by  voluntary  contribu- 


[4] 


LE  BLOND 


LE  COMPTE 


tions  made  while  on  her  mission.  She  organized 
eighty-six  unions,  twenty-three  branches  of  the 
White  Cross  league,  and  in  Japan,  India  and 
Madasgascar  twenty-four  men's  temperance  so 
cieties.  She  visited  nearly  every  country  of  the 

Old  World,  and  her 
addresses  were  in 
terpreted  into  forty- 
seven  different  lan 
guages.  She  return 
ed  to  the  United 
States  in  1891,  and 
made  a  similar  tour 
in  Mexico  and  South 
America,  the  Baha 
mas  and  Jamaica. 
She  is  the  author  of 
The  Liquor  Traffic  in 
Western  Africa,  and 
other  tracts,  and  an 
extended  series  of 
letters  in  the  Union 
Signal.  In  1891  she  was  made  honorary  life  presi 
dent  of  the  World's  W.C.T.U.  by  the  first  con 
vention  of  that  body,  held  in  Boston.  She  was 
still  active  as  a  lecturer  and  preacher  in  1901. 

LE  BLOND,  Francis  Celestian,  representative, 
was  born  at  Fredericktown,  Ohio.  Feb.  14,  1821  ; 
son  of  Everah  Celestian  and  Elizabeth  (Holder- 
man)  Le  Blond,  grandson  of  Everah  C.  Le  Blond, 
of  Paris,  France,  and  of  Christopher  Holderman, 
of  Ohio.  His  father,  a  native  of  Paris,  France, 
came  to  America  at  the  age  of  sixteen.  Francis 
C.  Le  Blond  was  educated  at  the  Norwalk,  Ohio, 
seminary,  and  was  admitted  to  the  Ohio  bar  in 
1844.  He  settled  in  practice  in  St.  Mary.  Ohio, 
in  1844,  and  in  Celina,  1848  ;  was  prosecuting  at 
torney  of  the  county,  1848-51  ;  a  member  of  the 
state  house  of  representatives,  1831 -55, and  speaker 
of  that  body,  1858-55.  He  was  married  in  1858 
to  Louisa  E.  McGinley.  and  of  their  three  chil 
dren.  Charles  M.  was  a  representative  in  the  Ohio 
legislature.  1886-90,  and  afterward  practised  law 
at  Hilo,  Hawaii.  Francis  C.  Le  Blond  was  a 
Democratic  representative  from  the  fifth  Ohio 
district  in  the  88th  and  89th  congresses,  1863-67. 
After  the  expiration  of  his  term  he  returned  to 
his  law  business  at  Celina,  where  he  was  still  in 
active  practice  in  1901. 

LE  CLEAR,  Thomas,  portrait  painter,  was 
born  in  Oswego.  N.Y.,  March  11,1818;  son  of 
Louis  and  Catherine  Le  Clear.  He  displayed  a 
talent  for  art  as  a  child.  In  1882  he  went  to 
London,  Canada,  where  he  painted  the  portrait 
of  Sir  John  Wilson,  a  former  member  of  parlia 
ment,  who  became  his  devoted  friend.  He  re 
sided  for  awhile  in  Elniira  and  Rochester.  N.Y., 
and  settled  in  New  York  city  in  1889,  removing 
in  1846  to  Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  and  returning  to  New 


York  city  in  1860,  where  the  remainder  of  his 
professional  life  was  spent.  He  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  Century  association  in  1862,  and 
of  the  National  Academy  of  Design  in  1868.  and 
exhibited  there  and  occasionally  at  the  Royal 
academy  in  London.  His  earlier  works  include  : 
The  Reprimand;  High,  Low,  Jack  and  the  Game 
(1860);  Marble  Players;  TJie  Itinerant  (1862); 
and  Young  America  (1852).  His  portraits  include 
Edwin  Booth,  William  Cullen  Bryant  and  George 
Bancroft  in  the  Century  Association  gallery ; 
William  Page  in  the  Corcoran  gallery,  Washing 
ton,  D.C.  ;  Parke  Godwin,  exhibited  at  the 
National  academy  in  1877  and  at  the  Paris  Expo 
sition  in  1878  ;  Sanford  R.  Gifford  and  Jervis 
McEntee.  the  artists  ;  and  many  of  the  prom 
inent  public  men  of  his  day,  including  Presidents 
Fillmore  and  Garfield.  He  died  in  Rutherford 
Park.  N.J.,  Nov.  26,  1882. 

LE  COMPTE,  Samuel  Dexter,  jurist,  was 
born  in  Cambridge,  Md.,  Dec.  13,  1814;  son  of 
Samuel  D.  and  Araminta  (Frazier)  Le  Compte. 
He  was  graduated  at  Jefferson  college,  Pa.,  in 
1834  ;  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  and  practised  in 
Westminster,  Md.,  1837-44  ;  was  a  representative 
in  the  Maryland  legislature,  1841-42 ;  and  prac 
ticed  law  in  Cambridge  and  Baltimore,  1844-54. 
He  was  married  in  1841  to  Camilla  Anderson. 
He  was  appointed  by  President  Pierce  chief 
justice  of  Kansas  Territory  on  its  organization, 
May  30.  1854,  and  took  his  place  on  the  bench, 
Oct.  3,  1854.  He  recognized  the  constitutional 
right  of  the  people  of  the  territory  to  determine 
for  themselves  whether  they  should  have  slavery 
or  not.  In  charging  the  grand  jury  of  Douglas 
county  in  May,  1856,  lie  instructed  them  that 
treason  could  be  committed  against  the  Federal 
government  by  levying  war  upon  a  territorial 
government.  In  November,  1856,  he  released  on 
bail  Charles  Hay,  indicted  for  murder,  and  Gov 
ernor  Geary  pronounced  the  act  a  judicial  out 
rage.  President  Pierce  on  the  representation  of 
the  governor  appointed  Judge  Harrison  to  the 
position,  but  Judge  Le  Compte  defended  his 
judicial  course  before  the  U.S.  senate,  and  the 
nomination  of  Judge  Harrison  was  not  confirmed.  I 
Judge  Le  Compte  continued  to  hold  his  office 
and  direct  the  courts  of  the  territory  until  its 
admission  as  a  state,  Jan.  29,  1861.  He  presided 
over  tlie  convention  of  Sept.  5,  1857,  which 
framed  the  Le  Compte  constitution  and  the 
capital  was  named  Lecompton  in  his  honor.  He 
was  a  representative  in  the  Kansas  state  legisla 
ture,  1867-68,  and  was  appointed  probate  judge 
of  Leavenworth,  Kan.,  in  1876.  He  is  the  author 
of  Tale  of  Kansas  History,  and  The  Other  Side 
both  published  in  book  form  ;  and  various  pamph 
lets  relating  to  the  Kansas  difficulty.  He  died  in 
Kansas  City.  Mo.,  April  24,  1888. 


LE  CONTE 


LE  CONTE 


LE  CONTE,  John,  physicist,  was  born  at 
"  Woodmanston,"  Liberty  county,  Ga.,  Dec.  4, 
1818;  son  of  Louis  and  Ann  (Quarterman)  Le 
Conte,  and  grandson  of  Jolm  Eatton  and  Jane 
(Sloan)  Le  Conte.  Among  his  early  teachers  was 

Alexander  H.  Ste 
phens,  who  prepared 
him  for  college.  He 
was  graduated  from 
the  University  of 
Georgia,  A.B.,  1838, 
and  from  the  Col 
lege  of  Physicians 
and  Surgeons  in  New 
York  city,  M.D.,  1841. 
He  practised  medi 
cine  in  Savannah, 
Ga.,  1842-46  :  was  pro 
fessor  of  natural  phil- 
osophv  and  chemis- 
tiy  at  the  Univer 
sity  of  Georgia,  1846- 

55  :  lecturer  on  chemistry  at  tho  College  of 
Physicians  and  Surgeons,  New  York  city,  1855- 
56,  and  professor  of  natural  and  mechanical  phil 
osophy  in  the  South  Carolina  college,  185(5-61. 
When  the  college  was  closed  on  the  outbreak  of 
the  civil  war,  he  was  for  some  time  in  charge  of 
the  niter  works  of  the  niter  and  mining  bureau 
of  the  Confederate  States,  and  after  the  reorgan 
ization  of  the  University  of  South  Carolina  in 
1866  lie  was  again  professor  of  natural  and  me 
chanical  philosophy,  1866-69.  He  was  professor 
of  physics,  industrial  mechanics  and  physiology 
at  the  University  of  California,  1869-75,  and 
acting  president,  1869-70.  He  succeeded  Daniel 
C.  Gilman,  serving  as  acting  president,  1875-76, 
and  was  elected  president  in  1S76,  holding  both 
the  professorship  and  presidency  until  1881,  when 
lie  resigned  the  presidency  but  continued  to 
fill  the  chair  of  physics  until  his  death.  He  was 
a  member  of  the  National  Academy  of  Sciences  ; 
the  American  Association  for  the  Advancement 
of  Science  of  which  he  was  elected  general  sec 
retary  in  1857  ;  the  American  Philosophical  so 
ciety  ;  the  Philadelphia  Academy  of  Natural 
Science  ;  the  New  York  Academy  of  Science,  and 
the  California  Academy  of  Science.  He  was 
married  in  July,  1841,  to  Eleanor  Josephine  Gra 
ham  of  New  York.  His  son.  Julian  Le  Conte, 
was  appointed  engineer  of  Oakland  harbor,  Cal., 
in  1875.  Professor  Le  Conte  received  the  honor 
ary  degree  of  LL.D.  from  the  University  of 
Georgia  in  1879.  He  delivered  a  course  of  lec 
tures  on  the  "  Physics  of  Meteorology  ''  at  the 
Smithsonian  Institution,  Washington,  D.C.,  in 
1857  ;  and  a  course  of  four  lectures  on  the  "  Stel 
lar  Universe  "  at  the  Peabody  Institute,  Balti 
more,  Md.,  in  1867.  He  published  over  one  hun 


dred  original  papers  in  scientific  journals,  and 
nearly  completed  a  treatise  on  general  physics  the 
MS.  of  which  was  destroyed  in  the  burning  of 
Columbia,  S.C.,  in  1865.  He  died  in  Berkeley, 
Cal.,  April  29, 1891. 

LE  CONTE,  John  Eatton,  naturalist,  was  born 
near  Shrewsbury.  N.J.,  Feb.  22,  1784;  son  of 
John  Eatton  and  Jane  (Sloan)  Le  Conto.  He 
studied  botany  with  his  brother  Lewis  in  New 
York  city,  entered  Columbia  college,  but  was 
obliged  to  leave  before  his  course  was  completed 
on  account  of  a  severe  illness  from  which  he 
never  fully  recovered.  He  entered  the  army  as 
assistant  topographical  engineer  with  the  rank 
of  captain,  and  during  the  war  of  1812  he  placed 
the  city  of  Savannah  under  defence  from  the 
ingress  of  the  enemy  ;  and  was  subsequently 
charged  with  the  survey  of  the  Savannah  river, 
and  of  the  harbors  of  the  cities  of  New  York  and 
Portsmouth,  N.H.  He  was  brevetted  major  for 
faithful  service,  April  18,  1828,  and  resigned  from 
the  army,  Aug.  20,  1831.  He  was  married.  July 
22,  1821 ,  to  Mary  Anne  Hampton  Lawrence.  He 
was  a  fellow  of  the  Linnaean  society  of  London, 
and  of  several  other  learned  societies  in  England 
and  France  ;  and  vice-president  of  the  Lyceum 
of  Natural  History  of  New  York  and  of  the  Aca 
demy  of  Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia.  He 
made  an  extensive  collection  of  American  insects 
and  plants  illustrating  many  of  them  in  water 
color.  He  is  the  author  of  several  papers  on 
mammals,  reptiles,  batrachians,  and  Crustacea. 
He  died  in  Philadelphia,  Pa..  Nov.  21,  1860. 

LE  CONTE,  John  Lawrence,  naturalist,  was 
born  in  New  York  city,  May  13,  1825:  son  of 
John  Eatton  and  Mary  Anne  Hampton  (Law 
rence)  Le  Conte.  He  was  graduated  from  Mount 
St.  Mary's  college, 
Emmitsburg,  Md.,in 
1842,  and  from  the 
College  of  Physi 
cians  and  Surgeons, 
New  York  city,  in 
1846.  During  the  in 
tervals  of  his  courses 
in  medicine  and  sub 
sequently  until  1*51 
he  journeyed  ( x- 
tensively  throughout 
the  country,  visiting 
the  regions  of  Lake 
Superior,  the  upper 
Mississippi,  the  Rocky 
Mountains  and  the 
Pacific  slope,  to  increase  his  knowledge  of 
American  fauna.  He  removed  to  Philadelphia  in 
1852  and  made  other  expeditions  at  various  times, 
to  Honduras,  Panama,  Europe.  Egypt  and  Al 
giers,  collecting  valuable  material  on  the  fauna 


v,. 


[0] 


LE  CONTE 


LE  CONTE 


of  the  world.  He  was  appointed  brigade  sur 
geon  of  U.S.  volunteers  in  June,  18(52 :  had 
charge  of  the  general  hospital  in  Pennsylvania, 
1862-0:} ;  was  acting  medical  inspector  at  St. 
Louis,  Mo.,  from  February  to  August,  1863  ;  ap 
pointed  lieutenant-colonel  and  medical  inspector, 
August,  1863  ;  was  connected  with  the  depart 
ment  of  the  Missouri  from  August  to  October, 
1863  :  the  department  of  the  Susquehanna  from 
October,  1863  ;  to  April,  186.'5  ;  with  the  Army  of 
the  Potomac  from  April,  to  October,  1865.  and  was 
honorably  mustered  out  in  1865.  He  was  chief 
clerk  in  the  U.S.  mint  at  Philadelphia,  1878-83  ; 
vice-president  of  the  American  Philosophical 
society,  1880-83  ;  a  founder  and  member  of  the 
American  Entomological  society  ;  a  charter 
member  of  the  National  Academy  of  Sciences  ; 
and  was  elected  president  of  the  American  Asso 
ciation  for  the  Advancement  of  Science  in  1873. 
He  was  married,  Jan.  10,  1861,  to  Helen,  daughter 
of  the  Hon.  Robert  C.  and  Isabella  (Rose)  Grier 
of  Philadelphia.  He  is  the  author  of  :  Classifica 
tion  of  the  Coleoptcra  of  North  America  (Part  I., 
1852,  Part  II.,  1873);  List  of  Coleoptera  of  North 
American  (Part  I.,  1866);  New  Species  of  North 
American  Coleoptera  (1866,  1873).  He  died  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Nov.  15,  1883. 

LE  CONTE,  Joseph,  geologist,  was  born  at 
'•  Woodmanston,"  an  estate  in  Liberty  county, 
Ga.,  Feb.  26,  1823:  son  of  Lewis  and  Ann 
(Quarterman )  Le  Conte.  He  was  graduated  f  r<  >m 
the  University  of  Georgia,  A.  B.,  1841,  A.  M., 

1845  :  and  from  the 
College  of  Physi 
cians  and  Surgeons, 
New  York  city,  M.D., 
1845.  He  was  mar 
ried,  Jan.  14,  1847, 
to  Caroline  Elizabeth 
Nisbet,  whose  mater 
nal  ancestor,  Jasper 
Griffing,  immigrated 
to  America  from 
Wales  in  1670.  He 
practised  medicine  in 
Macon,  Ga.,  1848-50; 
entered  the  Lawrence 
Scientific  school  of 
Harvard  university, 
and  was  graduated  Sc.B.,  1851.  He  accom 
panied  Louis  Agassiz  on  an  exploring  expe 
dition  to  Florida  in  1851  ;  was  professor  of  nat 
ural  science  at  Oglethorpe  university.  Ga,,  in 
1852 :  professor  of  geology  and  natural  history  at 
the  University  of  Georgia,  1853-56  ;  professor  of 
chemistry  and  geology  in  South  Carolina  college, 
1857-69  ;  was  chemist  in  the  Confederate  States 
laboratory  for  the  manufacture  of  medicines, 
1862-63,  and  chemist  to  the  C.S.  nitre  and  mining 


bureau.  1864-65.  He  was  appointed  professor  of 
geology  and  natural  history  in  the  University  of 
California  in  1869.  He  was  one  of  the  ninety- 
seven  judges  who  served  as  a  board  of  electors  in 
October,  1900,  in  determining  the  names  entitled 
to  a  place  in  the  Hall  of  Fame  for  Great  A  mei'- 
icans,  New  York  university.  The  honorary  de 
gree  of  LL.D.  was  conferred  on  him  by  the  Uni 
versity  of  Georgia  in  1879  and  by  Princeton  uni 
versity  in  1896.  He  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
American  Philosophical  society,  the  National 
Academy  of  Sciences  ;  a  fellow  of  the  American 
Academy  of  Arts  and  Sciences  ;  honorary  member 
of  the  California  Academy  of  Sciences  ;  president 
of  the  American  Association  for  the  Advance 
ment  of  Science  in  1891  and  president  of  the  Geo 
logical  Society  of  America  in  1895.  He  is  the 
author  of  :  Religion  and  Science  (1873);  Elements 
of  Geology  (1878);  SigJit :  an  Exposition  to  the 
Principles  of  Monocular  and  Binocular  Vision 
(1880);  Compend  of  Geology  (1884);  Evolution: 
its  Nature,  its  Evidences  and  its  Relation  to  Reli 
gious  Thought  (1887),  and  The  Comparative  Phy 
siology  and  Morphology  of  Animals  (1900),  and 
also  contributed  more  than  one  hundred  and  fifty 
papers  to  scientific,  literary  and  philosophical 
journals,  published  both  in  the  United  States 
and  Europe,  including  the  results  of  his  original 
investigations  in  geology  and  physiological  optics. 
LE  CONTE,  Lewis,  naturalist,  was  born  near 
Shrewsbury,  N.J..  Aug.  4,  1782;  son  of  John 
Eatton  and  Jane  (Sloan)  Le  Conte,  and  grandson 
of  Pierre  and  Valeria  (Eatton)  Le  Conte.  The 
first  ancestor  in  America,  Guillaume  Le  Conte,  a 
French  Huguenot,  emigrated  in  1698  and  settled 
first  in  New  Rochelle  and  afterward  in  New  York 
city.  In  New  Rochelle  he  was  married,  Feb.  16, 
1701,  to  Marguerite,  daughter  of  Pierre  Joyeulx 
de  Valleau  of  Martinique.  Lewis  Le  Conte  was 
graduated  from  Columbia  college,  A.B.,  1799, 
and  studied  medicine  with  Dr.  David  Hosack. 
He  removed  to  Georgia  and  took  charge  of  the 
family  estate  "  Woodmanston,"  Liberty  county. 
He  established  a  botanical  garden  and  a  chemical 
laboratory  on  his  plantation  and  devoted  his 
spare  time  to  scientific  pursuits.  Mr.  Le  Conte 
published  nothing,  but  gave  the  product  of  his 
researches  to  the  contemporary  botanists  of 
South  Carolina.  He  also  interested  himself  in 
mathematics,  devoting  much  attention  to  magic 
squares.  He  was  married,  Jan.  30,  1812,  to  Ann 
Quarterman.  a  descendant  from  the  English 
Puritan  colony  that  settled  in  Midway,  afterward 
named  Liberty  county,  Georgia,  because  it  was 
the  first  settlement  in  Georgia  to  raise  the  flag  of 
independence  in  the  Revolutionary  war.  While 
dressing  a  wound  for  a  member  of  his  family, 
poison  was  taken  into  his  system  from  which  he 
died,  at  "Woodmanston,''  Ga.,  Jan.  9,  1838. 


LE  COXTE 


LEDYARD 


LE  CONTE,  William,  lawyer,  was  born  March 
20,  1738  ;  son  of  Pierre  and  Valeria  (Eatton)  Le 
Conte ;  grandson  of  Guillaume  Le  Conte,  the 
first  ancestor  in  America.  He  was  a  lawyer  hy 
profession,  but  removed  with  his  brother,  John 
Eatton  Le  Conte,  to  Georgia,  where  they  carried 
on  a  profitable  lumber  business  with  the  West 
Indies.  He  settled  at  "  Sans  Souci,"  on  the 
Ogeechee  river,  about  sixteen  miles  south  of  Sa 
vannah,  Ga.,  and  took  an  active  part  in  the  Rev 
olutionary  war.  He  was  appointed  a  member  of 
the  first  Council  of  Safety  for  the  province  of 
Georgia,  June  22,  1775,  and  a  member  of  the 
Provincial  congress  which  met  at  Savannah, 
July  4,  1775,  where  he  represented  the  parish  of 
St.  Philip  or  Great  Ogeechee.  As  a  member  of 
the  council  of  safety,  on  Aug.  8,  1775,  he  signed 
a  letter  addressed  to  Governor  Sir  James  Wright, 
and  his  name  appears  on  the  "  black  list,"  which 
was  sent  to  England  by  the  royal  governor  of 
Georgia,  with  the  annexed  title  of  ''rebel  coun 
cilor."  He  died  without  issue  in  Savannah, 
Ga.,  Nov.  4,  1788. 

LE  DUG,  William  Gates,  agriculturist,  was 
born  in  Wilkesville,  Ohio,  March  29, 1823  ;  second 
son  of  Henry  Savary  and  Polly  (Stowell)  Le 
Due  ;  grandson  of  Henri  and  Lucy  (Sumner)  Due  ; 
great-grandson  of  Capt.  John  and  Elizabeth 

(Reynolds)  Simmer  ; 
great2-grandson  of 
William  and  Hannah 
(Clark)  Sumner ; 
great8-grandson  of 
Hezekiah  and  Abigail 
(Bidwell)  Sumner; 
great*-grandson  of 
William  Sumner, 
freeman,  1678  ;great5- 
grandson  of  William 
and  Elizabeth  (Clem 
ent)  Sumner  ;  great6- 
grandson  of  William 
and  Mary  (West) 
Sumner.  who  came 
to  New  England  from 

Bicester,  England,  in  1G36,  and  settled  in  Dor 
chester,  Mass.  Henri  Due  was  a  native  of 
Lyons,  France.  William  Gates  Le  Due  was 
graduated  from  Kenyon  college,  A.B.,  1848, 
A.M.,  1851  ;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1850,  and 
practised  at  St.  Paul,  Minn.  He  was  a  pioneer 
promoter  of  immigration  to  Minnesota  Terri 
tory,  obtained  the  first  charter  for  a  railroad 
there,  and  organized  the  Wabash  Bridge  com 
pany  which  built  the  first  bridge  over  the  Mis 
sissippi  river.  He  removed  to  Hastings,  Minn.. 
in  1856.  and  engaged  in  milling  spring  wheat  and 
in  shipping  the  flour,  an  industry  that  developed 
into  the  leading  business  of  the  territory  and 


state.  In  1862  he  entered  the  army  as  assistant 
quartermaster  of  volunteers,  with  rank  of  cap 
tain,  and  was  promoted  lieutenant-colonel  and 
assistant  quartermaster,  serving  with  the  Army 
of  the  Potomac  till  after  the  Gettysburg  cam 
paign,  when  he  went  with  General  Hooker's 
command  to  the  relief  of  Rosecrans  in  Tennessee. 
Being  placed  in  charge  of  Bridgeport,  he  organ 
ized  a  base  of  supplies,  built  a  steamboat  and 
navigated  with  barges  loaded  with  rations  to 
Kelly's  ferry,  within  reach  of  the  starving  troops 
at  Chattanooga.  He  also  supplied  General  Hook 
er's  command,  which  had  gone  forward  to  clear 
the  way  and  protect  the  transportation  ;  went 
with  General  Sherman's  army  to  Atlanta,  and 
was  chief  quartermaster  of  General  Thomas  in 
repelling  Hood's  campaign.  He  was  bre vetted 
brigadier-general  of  U.S.  volunteers  in  1865. 
He  returned  to  his  farm  at  Hastings,  Minn.,  and 
took  an  active  interest  in  building  railroads  in 
that  section.  He  was  U.S.  commissioner  of  ag 
riculture.  1877-81,  and  organized  what  became 
the  bureau  of  animal  industry  and  the  division 
of  forestry  in  the  department  of  agriculture. 
As  commissioner  of  agriculture  he  also  estab 
lished  a  tea  farm  at  Summerville.  S.C..  and 
encouraged  the  manufacture  of  sugar  from  sor 
ghum  cane  and  beets.  On  retiring  from  this 
office  in  1881  he  returned  to  his  home  at  Hast 
ings.  He  was  married,  March  25.  1851,  to  Mary 
Elizabeth,  only  daughter  of  Prof.  G.  P.  Bronson, 
of  Mount  Vernon,  Ohio.  He  was  elected  a  mem 
ber  of  the  National  Agricultural  society  of 
France,  Dec.  7,  1881,  the  only  other  Americans 
at  that  time  so  honored  being  George  Washing- 
ton,  Thomas  Jefferson  and  Benjamin  Thompson 
(Count  de  Rumford).  He  is  the  author  of  :  The 
Little  Steamboat  that  Opened  the  Cracker  Line  in 
"  Battles  and  Leaders  of  the  Civil  War,"  Vol. 
III.,  p.  676,  and  of  ^1  Model  State,  a  brief  compi 
lation  of  the  constitution  and  laws  of  Minnesota. 
LEDYARD,  William,  soldier,  was  born  in 
Grot  on,  Conn.,  in  1750.  He  was  in  command  of 
the  state  troops  defending  Fort  Griswold  and 
Fort  Trumbull  in  1781  against  the  advance  of 
Arnold,  and  lie  had  hastily  gathered  157  of  his 
militia  in  Fort  Griswold  when  it  was  surrounded 
by  nearly  800  trained  British  soldiers  under  Lieu 
tenant-Colonel  Eyre.  In  the  assault  Colonel 
Eyre  was  mortally  wounded,  Major  Montgomery, 
second  in  command,  killed,  and  Major  Brown- 
field,  third  in  command,  who  effected  the  en 
trance  to  the  fort,  partially  disabled,  forty-eight 
of  his  men  having  been  killed  by  the  fire  of  Col 
onel  Ledyard's  militia.  To  save  the  lives  of  his 
neighbors  and  friends,  who  formed  his  little 
force,  after  twelve  of  their  number  had  been 
killed  or  wounded.  Colonel  Ledyard  ordered  them 
to  lay  down  their  arms  and  he  handed  his  sword 


[8] 


LEE 


LEE 


to  his  wounded  captor.  On  taking  the  sword  (as 
tradition  hands  down  the  story),  Major  Brown- 
field  turned  its  point  on  the  breast  of  his  un 
armed  captive  and  plunged  it  through  his  body. 
His  waistcoat  pierced  by  the  sword  is  preserved 
by  the  Connecticut  Historical  society.  Not  con. 
tent  with  a  single  victim,  the  British  soldiers 
turned  upon  their  unarmed  captives  and  killed 
eighty-five  and  wounded  sixty.  Many  of  the 
wounded,  who  were  cared  for  by  the  women  of 
Groton,  including  Fanny,  niece  of  Colonel  Led- 
yard,  died  from  their  wounds.  His  nephew,  John 
Ledyard  (1750-1789)  was  a  navigator,  explorer, 
witness  of  the  death  of  Captain  Cook  and  author 
of  Narrative  of  the  Third  and  Last  Expedition 
of  Capt.  James  Cook  (1798).  Col.  William  Led' 
yard  died  in  Fort  Griswold,  Conn.,  Sept.  7,  1781. 

LEE,  Albert,  editor  and  author,  was  born  in 
New  Orleans,  La.,  May  11,  18G8  :  son  of  Gen. 
Albert  Lindley  Lee,  grandson  of  Moses  Lindley 
Lee,  and  a  descendant  of  William  Lee,  who  set 
tled  on  Long  Island  in  1681.  He  prepared  for 
college  at  Phillips  Exeter  academy,  was  gradu 
ated  from  Yale,  A.  B.,  1891  ;  was  connected  with 
the  editorial  staff  of  the  New  York  Sun.  1891-94  ; 
editor  of  Haider's  Round  Table.  1894-99,  and  in 
the  latter  year  became  managing  editor  of  Har 
pers  Weekly.  He  was  married,  May  22,  1895.  to 
Blanche,  daughter  of  Augustus  B.  Coit  of  New 
York.  His  published  works  include  :  Tommy 
Toadies  (1895);  Track  Athletics  in  Detail  (1896); 
The  Knave  of  Hearts  (1897);  Four  for  a  Fortune 
(1898);  He.  Site  and  They  (1899). 

LEE,  Albert  Lindley,  soldier,  was  born  in 
Fulton,  N.Y.,  Jan.  16, 1834  ;  son  of  Moses  Lindley 
and  Ann  (Case)  Lee  and  a  descendant  of  William 
Lee,  who  settled  on  Long  Island  in  1681.  He 
was  graduated  at  Union  college  in  1853  ;  studied 
law,  and  removed  to  Kansas,  where  he  was  elected 
a  justice  of  the  supreme  court  of  the  state  in 
1861.  He  resigned  his  seat  on  the  bench  the  same 
year  to  serve  as  major  of  the  7th  Kansas  cavalry, 
and  became  its  colonel  in  the  following  year.  In 
May,  1862,  he  was  ordered  with  his  regiment  to 
Mississippi  and  commanded  the  2d  cavalry  brigade 
at  the  battle  of  Corinth.  Oct.  3,  and  afterward  in 
Grant's  central  Mississippi  campaign.  He  was 
appointed  brigadier-general  in  January,  1863,  his 
commission  dating  from  Nov.  29,  1862  ;  was 
assigned  to  the  13th  army  corps,  Gen.  John  A. 
McClernand  commanding,  and  acted  as  his  chief 
of  staff  in  the  operations  about  Vicksburg,  and  at 
the  battles  of  Champion  Hill  and  Big  Black 
River,  May  16  and  17,  1863.  On  May  19  he  com 
manded  the  1st  brigade,  9th  division,  13th  army 
corps,  in  the  assault  on  Vioksburg,  and  was  se 
verely  wounded  by  a  gunshot  through  face  and 
head.  He  rejoined  his  brigade  for  dxity  July  26, 
1863.  and  was  assigned  to  the  command  of  the 


12th  division,  13th  army  corps,  which  was  ordered 
to  New  Orleans.  He  was  appointed  chief  of 
cavahy,  department  of  the  Gulf,  on  the  staff  of 
Gen.  N.  P.  Banks,  and  saw  service  in  western 
Louisiana.  In  the  Red  River  expedition  of  1864, 
he  commanded  the  cavalry  division.  In  July, 

1864,  he  commanded  an  infantry  brigade  in  the 
expedition  up    the  White    river,    Arkansas ;  in 
August,  he  was  assigned  to  the  command  of  the 
cavalry  division,  headquarters  at  Baton  Rouge, 
La.,  and  in  January,  1865,  he  was  ordered  to  New 
Orleans,  and  was  on  duty  there  till  May,   1865, 
when   lie  resigned  his  commission  and  was  mus 
tered  out  of  service.     General  Lee  subsequently 
engaged  in  business  in  New  York  city  where  he 
was  still  residing  in  1901. 

LEE,  Alfred,  first  bishop  of  Delaware  and  38th 
in  succession  in  the  American  episcopate,  was 
born  in  Cambridge,  Mass.,  Sept.  9,  1807  ;  son  of 
Capt.  Benjamin  and  Elizabeth  (Leighton)  Lee; 
and  grandson  of  Thomas  and  Mary  (Pitt)  Lee  and 
of  John  and  Eliza 
beth  (Gorham)  Leigh- 
ton.  He  was  gradu 
ated  witli  honors 
from  Harvard  in 
1827,  and  was  admit 
ted  to  the  bar  in  New 
London,  Conn.,  in  18- 
30,  where  he  practis 
ed  for  two  years.  He 
was  married,  April  23, 
1832,  to  Julia,  daugh 
ter  of  Elihu  and  Sarah 
(Trumbull)  White  of 
Hartford,  Conn.,  and 
a  descendant  of  John 
White,  Boston,  1632. 

He  abandoned  law  in  1833,  and  was  graduated 
from  the  General  Theological  seminary  in  1837. 
He  was  ordered  deacon  in  Christ  (now  Trinity) 
church,  Norwich,  Conn.,  May  21, 1837,  and  ordain 
ed  priest  in  Christ  church,  Hartford,  Conn.,  June 
12,  1838,  by  Bishop  Brownell.  He  officiated  at  St. 
James's  church,  Poquetanuck,  Conn.,  1838;  was 
rector  of  Calvary  church,  Rockdale,  Pa.,  1838-41, 
and  was  consecrated  the  first  bishop  of  Delaware 
in  St.  Paul's  chapel.  New  York  city,  Oct.  12, 1841, 
by  Bishops  Griswold,  Moore,  Chase,  Brownell,  H. 
U.  Onderdonk,  Meade  and  Mcllvaine.  He  also 
assumed  the  rectorship  of  St.  Andrew's  church, 
Wilmington,  Del.,  in  1843.  On  the  death  of 
Bishop  Benjamin  Bosworth  Smith  of  Kentucky. 
May  31,  1884,  he  became  the  eighth  presiding 
bishop  of  the  American  episcopate.  In  January, 

1865,  Bishop  Lee  was  one  of  a  delegation   from 
the    Christian  commission  to  visit  Federal  pri 
soners  in   the  South.     In   October,  1863,  he  was 
assigned    to    exercise   episcopal    duties    over    a 


LEE 


LEE 


congregation  organized  in  the  Island  of  Haiti, 
where  he  spent  several  weeks  ;  and  in  January, 
1815,  at  the  request  of  the  Mexican  commission 
of  the  Protestant  Episcopal  church  of  which  he 
was  afterward  president,  lie  visited  the  city  of 
Mexico,  and  took  part  in  the  establishment  of  the 
infant  "Church  of  Jesus."  In  1878  he  attended 
the  Lambeth  Conference  of  the  Church  of  Eng 
land.  He  received  the  degree  of  D.D.  from 
Hobart  and  Trinity  in  1841,  and  from  Harvard 
in  1860,  and  that  of  LL.D.  from  Delaware  college 
in  1877.  He  was  a  member  of  the  American 
Company  of  the  Revisers  of  the  New  Testament  in 
1881.  He  is  the  author  of:  Life  of  tlie  Apostle 
Peter  (1852);  Vindication  of  the  Court  of  Bishops 
at  Camden,  N.J.  (1854);  Life  of  tlie  Apostle  Jolm 
(1854);  Treatise  on  Baptism  (1854):  Life  of 
Susan  Allibotte  (1854);  Harbingerof  Christ  (1857); 
Eventful  Nights  in  Bible  History  (1886) .  He  died 
in  Wilmington.  Del..  April  12,  1887. 

LEE,  Alfred  Emory,  consul-general,  was  born 
in  Barnsville.  Ohio,  Feb.  17,  1838  ;  son  of  Isaac 
and  Esther  (Zinn)  Lee.  He  was  graduated  at 
the  Ohio  Wesleyan  University,  A.B.,  1859,  A.M., 
1862,  and  from  the  Ohio  State  and  Union  Law 
school,  LL.B.,  1861.  He  was  captain  and  assist 
ant  adjutant-general  in  the  82d  Ohio  volunteer 
infantry,  1861-64,  being  severely  wounded  at  the 
battle  of  Gettysburg  ;  was  a  representative  in  the 
Ohio  legislature,  1868-69.  securing  the  passage  of 
the  bill  establishing  the  Ohio  geological  survey  ; 
was  collector  of  U.S.  internal  revenue,  1870-75  ; 
private  secretary  of  Governor  Hayes,  1875-77  ; 
consul-general  at  Frankfort-on-the-Main,  1877- 
81.  where  he  was  the  first  to  propose  sample 
depots  of  American  products  abroad  ;  and  was 
editor  of  the  Ohio  State  Journal,  1882-83,  be 
coming  financial  manager  of  that  paper  in  1894. 
He  was  made  secretary  of  the  Gettysburg  me 
morial  commission  of  Ohio.  He  is  the  author  of  : 
Tlie  Battle  of  Gettysburg  (1888)  ;  European  Days 
and  Ways  (1890)  ;  History  of  the  City  of  Colum 
bus  (1893)  ;  Silver  and  Gold  :  A  Historical  Mon 
ograph  (1893). 

LEE,  Andrew  Ericson,  governor  of  South 
Dakota,  was  born  near  Bergen,  Norway,  March 
18,  1847  ;  son  of  Erie  and  Augusta  (Anderson) 
Lee.  He  emigrated  from  Norway  with  his 
parents  in  1851,  and  settled  in  Dane  county,  Wis. 
He  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  of  Cam 
bridge  and  Whitewater,  Wis.  ;  was  clerk  in  a 
store  at  McGregor,  Iowa,  1863-67,  and  at  Madison, 
Wis.,  1867-69,  and  in  1869  removed  toVermillion, 
Dak.  He  was  married,  Dec.  21,  1872,  to  Annie 
M.,  daughter  of  Henry  N.  Chappell,  of  Rhode 
Island.  He  was  elected  mayor  of  Vermillion  by 
the  Populist  party  in  1892  and  was  governor  of 
South  Dakota,  1897-1901.  In  November,  1900, 
he  was  defeated  for  representative  in  congress. 


LEE,  Ann,  founder  of  a  sect,  was  born  in  Toad 
Lane,  Manchester,  England,  Feb.  29,  1736  ; 
daughter  of  John  Lee,  a  blacksmith.  She  was 
employed  in  a  cotton  factory  and  as  a  cook  in  the 
Manchester  infirmary,  and  while  a  mere  girl 
married  Abraham  Stanley,  a  blacksmith.  In  1758 
she  left  her  husband  and  joined  the  Camisards  or 
Shaking  Quakers,  founded  in  1747.  In  1770,  being 
arrested  and  imprisoned  with  others  of  the  sect, 
she  claimed  that  Jesus  Christ  had  appeared  to 
her,  revealing  divine  manifestation  of  truth,  and 
she  proclaimed  herself  the  second  appearing  of 
Christ  or  '•  Ann  the  Word."  The  society  ac 
knowledged  her  as  the  first  visible  leader  of  the 
Church  of  God  upon  the  earth  and  called  her 
"  Mother  Ann  Lee."  She  claimed  the  gift  of 
languages,  the  gift  of  healing,  ability  to  discern 
secrets  of  the  heart,  to  be  actuated  solely  by  the 
power  of  God,  and  to  have  attained  a  state  of  sin 
less  perfection.  She  was  repeatedly  cast  into 
prison  and  confined  in  a  madhouse,  and  was 
never  safe  from  the  attacks  of  the  mob.  In  May, 
1774,  she  left  Liverpool  with  a  company  of  nearly 
thirty  believers  and  arrived  in  New  York  in 
August.  Her  marriage  to  Abraham  Stanley  was 
dissolved  and  she  settled  in  Albany  and  later  at 
Watervliet,  N.Y.,  where  she  established  "  The 
Church  of  Christ's  Second  Appearance."  In  1780 
after  a  revival  at  Lebanon,  N.Y.,  where  a  strong 
settlement  was  founded,  they  were  joined  at 
Watervliet  by  a  large  number  of  converts.  The 
commissioners  of  Albany  thereupon  charged  the 
members  with  being  unfriendly  to  tlie  patriot 
cause  as  they  were  unwilling  to  bear  arms. 
Several  elders  were  imprisoned  and  "  Mother 
Ann  "  was  conveyed  down  the  river  with  the  in 
tention  of  banishing  her  to  England,  but  she  was 
lodged  in  the  jail  at  Poughkeepsie  from  which 
she  was  released  in  December,  1780.  by  Governor 
George  Clinton.  In  May,  1781,  with  some  elders 
she  went  on  a  missionary  journey  to  the  New 
England  states,  and  returned  to  Watervliet  in 
1783,  having  made  many  converts.  Charges 
made  against  her  moral  character  were  never 
substantiated.  She  claimed  that  she  would  not 
be  subject  to  death.  She  died,  however,  in 
Watervliet,  N.Y.,  Sept.  8,  1784. 

LEE,  Arthur,  diplomatist,  was  born  at <;  Strat 
ford,"  Westmoreland  county,  Va.,  Dec.  21.  1740  ; 
the  sixth  and  youngest  son  of  Gov.  Thomas  and 
Hannah  (Ludwell)  Lee  ;  grandson  of  Col.  Rich 
ard  and  Leetitia  (Corbin)  Lee  and  of  Col.  Philip 
Ludwell  of  Green  Spring,  Va.  ;  and  great  grand 
son  of  Richard  and  Ann  Lee  and  of  Philip  Lud 
well,  governor  of  North  Carolina,  1689-91. 
Richard  Lee  of  Shropshire,  England,  was  in  the 
privy  council  of  Charles  I.,  was  seci'etaiy  of  Sir 
William  Berkeley,  with  whom  lie  immigrated  to 
Virginia  in  1641  and  became  the  founder  of  the 


LEE 


LEE 


Lee  family  of  Virginia.  Arthur  Lee  was  edu 
cated  at  Eton  and  the  University  of  Edinburgh, 
where  he  received  a  prize,  a  diploma,  and  the 
degree  of  M.D.  After  making  a  journey 
through  Holland  and  Germany  he  returned  to 

Virginia  and  prac 
tised  medicine  in 
Williamsburg.  The 
effort  to  enforce  the 
stamp  act  which  call 
ed  forth  the  West 
moreland  declaration 
determined  him  to 
study  law  in  order 
more  effectively  to 
assist  the  colonies 
in  obtaining  redress 
from  the  heavy  tax 
ation  laid  upon  them. 
He  studied  law  in 
the  Temple,  London, 
1766-70,  and  practised 

in  London,  1770-76,  meantime  studying  the 
Colonial  questions  and  discussing  the  Towns- 
hend  acts  and  other  aggressive  measures  pro 
posed  by  Parliament.  At  this  time  he  won 
considerable  fame  as  a  writer,  signing  himself 
"Monitor"  and  "  Junius  Americanus."  He  was 
also  the  author  of  "  An  Appeal  to  the  English 
Nation."  He  was  a  leading  member  of  the 
"  Supporters  of  the  Bill  of  Rights,"  organized  for 
the  discussion  of  the  measures  of  the  British 
ministry  and  the  restoration  to  the  American 
colonies  of  the  right  to  regulate  taxes  through 
their  own  representatives.  In  supporting  the 
resolutions  adopted  by  the  society,  of  which  Lee 
was  the  author,  he  sustained  an  able  discussion 
with  the  unknown  author  of  the  "  Letters  of 
Junius."  He  gained  the  friendship  of  Burke, 
Priestly,  Dunning,  Baire  and  Sir  William  Jones, 
and  was  admitted  to  a  fellowship  in  the  Royal 
society.  He  was  appointed  by  the  general  court 
of  Massachusetts  in  1770  as  representative  for 
that  colony  in  London  as  associate  with  Benjamin 
Franklin,  and  in  1775,  when  Richard  Penn 
reached  London  with  the  last  petition  from  the 
Continental  congress  and  the  appeal  to  the 
English  people,  of  which  his  brother,  Richard 
Henry  Lee,  was  the  author,  he  undertook  to  have 
the  petition  reach  the  king,  but  in  vain.  He 
was  appointed  by  congress,  with  Franklin,  Jay 
and  Dickinson,  to  open  correspondence  with 
friends  of  America  in  Europe  and  was  made  the 
secret  agent  of  the  committee  in  London,  and 
he  opened  negotiations  with  the  French  govern 
ment  which  led  to  his  residence  in  Paris  during 
the  spring  and  summer  of  1776.  In  1776  congress 
appointed  him  a  joint  commissioner  with  Benja 
min  Franklin  and  Silas  Deane  to  secure  a  treaty  of 


alliance  with  France,  and  in  1777  he  was  intrusted 
with  special  missions  to  the  governments  of 
Spain  and  Prussia,  and  in  October.  1778.  was 
continued  as  sole  commissioner  to  Spain,  also 
acting  in  the  same  capacity  to  the  court  of 
Prussia  but  residing  in  Paris.  His  frequent 
quarrels  with  Franklin  and  Deane  led  to  his  re 
call  in  the  autumn  of  1779.  He  was  a  represen 
tative  in  the  general  assembly  of  Virginia,  1781  ; 
a  delegate  to  the  Continental  congress,  1781-84  ; 
Indian  commissioner  in  western  Ne\v  York  and 
Pennsylvania,  1784,  and  a  member  of  the  board 
of  treasury,  1784-89.  He  was  opposed  to  the 
adoption  of  the  Federal  constitution,  and  his  op 
position  appears  to  have  been  due  to  excessive 
distrust  in  the  motives  that  actuated  his  fellow 
patriots  and  his  concern  for  the  rights  of  the 
colonists.  He  retired  to  his  estate  at  Urbana, 
Middlesex  county,  Va..  in  1789.  where  he  de 
voted  himself  to  his  books  and  correspondence. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  American  Philosophical 
society  ;  fellow  of  the  American  Academy  of 
Arts  and  Sciences,  and  received  the  honorary  de 
gree  of  LL.D.  from  Harvard  college  in  1781. 
See  "  Life  of  Arthur  Lee,  with  his  Political  and 
Literary  Correspondence  "  by  R.  H.  Lee  (2  vols., 
1829)  ;  Sparks's  "  Diplomatic  Correspondence  "  ; 
and  many  political  and  diplomatic  papers  pre 
served  in  the  library  of  Harvard  college.  He 
died  unmarried  in  Urbana,  Va.,  Dec.  12,  1792. 

LEE,  Benjamin,  physician,  was  born  in  Nor 
wich,  Conn.,  Sept.  26,  1833  ;  son  of  the  Rt.  Rev. 
Alfred  and  Julia  (White)  Lee.  He  was  grad 
uated  from  the  University  of  Pennsylvania, 
A.B.,  1852,  A.M.,  1859  ;  and  from  the  New  York 
Medical  college,  M.D.  in  1856;  continued  his 
medical  studies  in  Europe  and  then  practised  in 
New  York  city.  He  edited  the  American  Med 
ical  Monthly  in  1862  and  was  surgeon  to  the  22d 
regiment,  N.G.S.N.Y.,  1862  and  1863.  He  re 
moved  to  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  in  1865,  where  he 
made  a  specialty  of  orthopedic  surgery  and  the 
treatment  of  nervous  diseases,  and  invented  the 
method  of  self-suspension  for  the  treatment  of 
spinal  diseases.  He  was  elected  a  member  or 
officer  of  the  more  important  state  and  national 
medical  societies,  and  an  honorary  member  of 
the  societies  of  hygiene  of  Brussels  and  Paris. 
He  was  health  officer  of  the  city  and  port  of  Phil 
adelphia,  1898-99.  He  received  the  degree  of 
Ph.D.  from  the  University  of  Pennsylvania  in 
1872.  He  is  the  author  of  :  TJie  Correct  Principles 
of  Treatment  of  Angular  Curvature  of  tJte  Spine 
(1867);  Tracts  on  Massage  (1885);  Annual  Reports 
of  the  State  Board  of  Health  of  Pennsylvania 
(1885-99). 

LEE,  Benjamin  Franklin,  A.M.E.  bishop,  was 
born  in  Bridgeton,  N.J.,  Sept.  18,  1841  ;  son  of 
Abel  and  Sarah  (Gould)  Lee  ;  and  of  African  de- 


LEE 


LEE 


scent.  He  was  taught  by  his  mother,  a  school 
teacher,  and  also  attended  the  Gouldtown  district 
school.  He  was  licensed  to  preach  in  the  African 
Methodist  Episcopal  church  in  1808.  at  Xenia, 
Ohio,  was  ordained  a  deacon  in  1870  and  an  elder 
in  1872.  and  was  also  graduated  from  Wilber- 
force  university  in  the  latter  year.  He  was  mar 
ried,  Dec.  30.  1872,  to  Mary  E.  Ashe  of  Mobile, 
Ala.  He  preached  in  Kentucky.  Ohio  and  Penn 
sylvania  ;  was  professor  of  ecclesiastical  history, 
homiletics  and  pastoral  theology  at  Wilberforce 
university,  187:5-75,  and  president  of  that  institu 
tion,  and  professor  of  intellectual  and  moral 
philosophy  and  systematic  theology,  1876-84. 
He  was  a  trustee  of  the  university  and  a  director 
of  the  Payne  Theological  seminary.  He  was  a 
delegate  to  the  general  conference  of  the  A.M.E. 
church,  1876  ;  a  member  of  the  committee  to 
arrange  for  the  first  Ecumenical  conference  of 
Methodism,  and  a  delegate  to  the  Ecumenical 
conference  in  London,  1881,  and  to  the  Methodist 
Centennial  in  Baltimore,  Md. ,  in  1884.  At  the  gen 
eral  conference  of  the  A.M.E.  church,  in  Philadel 
phia,  1892,  lie  was  elected  and  consecrated  bishop. 
He  received  the  degree  of  D.D.  from  Wilberforce 
university  in  1883.  He  edited  the  Christian  Re 
corder,  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  1884,  and  is  the  author 
of  :  Wesley  the  Worker  (1880);  TJie  Causes  of  the 
Success  of  Methodism. 

LEE,  Blewett,  lawyer,  was  born  near  Colum 
bus,  Miss.,  March  1, 1867  ;  son  of  Stephen  Dill  Lee 
(q.v. )  and  Regina  (Harrison)  Lee.  He  was 
graduated  from  the  Agricultural  and  Mechanical 
College  of  Mississippi,  B.S.  in  1883 ;  studied  at 
the  University  of  Virginia,  1883-85  :  was  gradu 
ated  from  Harvard  university,  A.M.  and  LL.B.  in 
1888,  and  studied  at  Leipzig  and  Freiburg,  Ger 
man}'.  He  was  private  secretary  to  Justice  Hor 
ace  Gray  in  1890  ;  and  practised  law  in  Atlanta, 
Ga. ,  1890-93.  He  was  a  professor  in  the  Atlanta 
Law  school  in  its  first  faculty  ;  and  was  elected 
professor  of  law  in  the  Northwestern  university, 
Chicago,  111.,  in  1893,  in  which  city  he  also  prac 
tised  his  profession.  He  was  married,  Feb.  9. 
1898,  to  Frances,  daughter  of  John  J.  and  Frances 
(Macbeth)  Glessner  of  Chicago.  111.  He  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  American  Bar  association 
in  1894.  He  is  the  author  of  various  articles  in 
legal  journals. 

LEE,  Charles,  soldier  of  fortune,  was  born  in 
Dernhall.  Cheshire,  England,  in  1731  ;  the  young 
est  son  of  John  and  Isabella  (Bun bury)  Lee.  He 
received  a  classical  education  and  then  devoted 
himself  to  a  study  of  the  art  of  war.  His  father 
died  in  1751,  and  in  the  same  year  he  was  com 
missioned  lieutenant  in  the  44th  regiment,  of 
which  his  father  had  been  colonel.  Ordered  to 
America  in  1754,  the  regiment  was  attached  to 
Braddock's  army  in  Virginia,  and  after  the  dis 


astrous  defeat  of  July  9,  1755,  marched  with  the 
remnant  of  the  army  to  Albany  and  Sehenec- 
tady,  where  Lee  met  Sir  "William  Johnson  and 
was  adopted  by  the  Mohawk  Indians.  He  pur 
chased  a  captain's  commission  for  £900,  June  llr 
1756  ;  was  severely 
wounded  in  Aber- 
crombie's  assault  up 
on  Ticonderoga,  July 
1,  1758;  was  present 
at  the  capture  of  Fort 
Niagara,  and  his 
small  party  then 
marched  to  Fort  Du- 
quesne  and  thence  to 
Crown  Point,  N.Y., 
where  he  joined  Gen 
eral  Amherst,  and 
in  1760  took  part  in 
the  capture  of  Mon- 
treal.  He  returned  to 
England  and  was  pro 
moted  major  in  the  103d  regiment,  Aug.  10,  1761. 
After  service  in  Burgoyne's  division  in  Portugal 
in  1762,  he  organized  a  project  for  establishing 
new  colonies  in  America,  to  be  recruited  from 
Germany,  Switzerland  and  New  England.  The 
British  ministry  refused  to  approve  the  plan,  and 
he  went  to  Poland  in  1764,  where  he  was  up- 
pointed  on  the  staff  of  the  king,  and  accompanied 
the  Polish  embassy  to  Turkey  in  1766.  He  re 
turned  to  England  in  1766,  and  for  two  jrears  un 
successfully  urged  his  claims  to  promotion  in  the 
army.  He  accepted  a  commission  as  major-gen 
eral  in  the  Polish  army  in  1769,  and  made  a  cam 
paign  against  the  Turks,  after  which  he  publicly 
derided  his  superior  officers  and  left  the  army. 
He  visited  Italy  in  1770,  returned  to  England  by 
way  of  Gibraltar  ;  was  in  France  and  Switzer 
land,  1771-72,  and  on  May  25,  1772.  he  was  pro 
moted  lieutenant-colonel  in  the  British  army  and 
placed  on  half-pay.  Disappointed,  he  arrived  in 
America,  Nov.  10,  1773,  made  the  acquaintance 
of  the  Revolutionary  leaders,  was  in  Philadel 
phia  during  the  first  session  of  the  Continental 
congress,  and  his  expressed  knowledge  of  mili 
tary  science  attracted  the  attention  of  the  dele 
gates  then  anxious  to  select  a  competent  leader 
for  the  Revolutionary  army.  To  establish  his 
citizenship  and  to  inspire  confidence,  he  purchased 
for  £5,000  Virginia  currency,  an  estate  in  Berke 
ley  county,  Va..  near  the  estate  of  Horatio  Gates, 
whose  friendship  he  had  gained.  The  purchase 
was  closed  in  May,  1775,  after  the  2d  congress  had 
assembled  and  had  given  evidence  of  favoring  his 
claims  to  a  high  commission.  The  purchase 
money  he  obtained  by  borrowing  £3000  sterling 
from  Robert  Morris,  of  Philadelphia,  pledging 
the  property  as  security  and  a  draft  on  his  agent 


LEE 


LEE 


in  England  for  the  whole  amount.  He  was  com 
missioned  second  major-general  in  the  Continen 
tal  army  in  June,  1775,  Artemas  Ward  then  in 
command  of  16,000  New  England  men  about  Bos 
ton,  being  made  first  major-general.  That  he 
did  not  obtain  the  chief  place  was  largely  due  to 
the  demands  of  John  Adams.  The  friends  of 
Lee,  notably  Thomas  Mifflin,  earnestly  urged  his 
claims,  and  when  forced  to  second  place,  General 
Lee  mercilessly  ridiculed  the  military  skill  of 
General  Ward.  He  was  informed  of  his  appoint 
ment,  July  19,  1875,  but  refused  to  accept  until 
promised  indemnity  for  any  pecuniary  loss  he 
might  suffer  by  accepting  a  commission  in  the 
Revolutionary  army,  and  congress  at  once  as 
sented.  On  July  22  he  resigned  his  commission 
and  half-pay  in  the  British  army  and  joined 
Washington  in  his  journey  to  Cambridge,  Mass., 
where  he  was  placed  in  command  of  the  left  wing 
of  the  Continental  army,  with  headquarters  at 
Winter  Hill.  While  there  he  opened  a  corre 
spondence  with  Burgoyne  looking  to  a  conference 
with  a  view  to  a  settlement  of  the  difficulties  be 
tween  the  British  ministry  and  the  colonies,  but 
the  Provisional  congress  of  Massachusetts,  whose 
troops  at  the  time  constituted  the  entire  army, 
put  a  stop  to  the  project.  When  Sir  Henry  Clin 
ton  left  Boston  on  his  southern  expedition,  Gen 
eral  Lee  was  sent  to  Newport,  R.I.,  and  in  Jan 
uary,  1776,  proceeded  to  New  York,  where  he 
directed  the  fortifying  of  the  harbor.  When  the 
news  of  the  death  of  Montgomery  at  Quebec 
readied  Philadelphia  General  Lee  was  made  com 
mander  of  the  army  in  Canada,  but  when  Clin 
ton's  destination  was  found  to  be  the  Southern 
states,  Lee  was  transferred  to  the  command  of 
the  Department  of  the  South,  and  in  March,  1776, 
went  from  New  York  to  Virginia,  where  he  or 
ganized  the  cavalry  and  advocated  a  speedy  Dec 
laration  of  Independence.  He  reached  Charles 
ton,  S.C.,  with  his  army,  June  4,  1776,  the  same 
day  the  British  fleet  entered  the  harbor  with  the 
troops  of  Clinton  and  Cornwallis.  General  Moul- 
trie  had  constructed  a  fort  of  palmetto  wood  on 
Sullivan's  island  which  Lee  proposed  to  abandon 
as  indefensible,  but  through  the  efforts  of  Presi 
dent  Rutledge  the  fort  was  garrisoned,  and  in  the 
battle  of  June  28,  1776,  Moultrie  prevented  the 
British  fleet  from  making  a  landing,  and  Lee  was 
given  the  credit  of  the  victory  and  became  pop 
ularly  known  as  the  "  Hero  of  Charleston."  He 
then  proposed  to  invade  Florida,  but  congress  or 
dered  him  to  report  to  Philadelphia,  where  he  re 
ceived  $30,000  indemnity  for  losses  by  the  seques 
tration  of  his  property  in  England  and  the  protest 
of  his  drafts  on  his  English  agent  given  to  Robert 
Morris.  Lee  arrived  in  New  York.  Oct.  14,  1776, 
and  assumed  command  of  the  right  wing  of  the 
army  then  stationed  on  Harlem  Heights.  The  ac 


ceptance  of  the  resignation  of  General  Ward  in 
May.  1776,  made  Lee  senior  major-general.  Ou 
Nov.  16,  1776,  the  British  captured  Fort  Washing 
ton,  and  forced  Washington  to  defend  Philadel 
phia.  Washington  had  left  Lee  with  7000  men  in 
Westchester  county  with  instructions  to  move  as 
directed,  and  when  ordered  to  cross  the  Hudson 
and  join  Washington's  army  in  New  Jersey.  Lee 
failed  to  obey.  Washington  was  therefore  forced 
to  fall  back  to  Princeton  with  3000  men,  which 
place  he  reached,  Dec.  2,  1776,  and  the  same  day 
Lee  moved  across  the  river  and  encamped  at  Mor- 
ristown  with  4000  men.  General  Schuyler  had 
sent  Gates  from  Ticonderoga  with  seven  regi 
ments  to  reinforce  Washington,  but  Lee  diverted 
the  march  and  detained  three  of  the  regiments 
at  Morristovvn.  Washington  was  consequently 
forced  back  across  the  Delaware  river  into  Penn 
sylvania.  This  situation  gaA*e  Lee  the  opportunity 
he  desired  and  he  industriously  circulated  reports 
of  Washington's  military  incapacity.  Holding  a 
strong  position  at  Morristown,  he  planned  to  fall 
upon  the  flank  of  Howe's  army  and  if  possible 
secure  a  victory  that  would  give  him  the  com 
mand  of  the  American  army.  On  Dec.  13,  1775, 
a  party  of  British  dragoons  surprised  him  at  his 
headquarters  at  Baskingridge,  four  miles  from 
his  camp  at  Morristovvn,  and  made  Lee  with  his 
staff,  prisoners,  carrying  them  to  New  York  city. 
General  Sullivan,  second  in  command,  promptly 
broke  camp  at  Morristown  and  reached  Washing 
ton's  army  in  time  to  take  part  in  the  successful 
movements  upon  Trenton  and  Princeton.  General 
Lee  was  refused  the  privileges  of  a  prisoner  of 
war,  and  was  ordered  to  be  sent  to  England  for 
trial  as  a  deserter.  Washington,  to  prevent  this, 
wrote  to  General  Howe  that  he  held  five  Hessian 
field-officers  as  hostages  for  General  Lee's  per 
sonal  safety,  and  on  Dec.  12,  1777,  Lee  was  de 
clared  a  prisoner  of  war  subject  to  exchange.  It 
is  now  known  that  during  his  imprisonment  in 
New  York  he  planned  a  campaign  against  the 
American  army,  which  he  claimed  would  result 
in  the  easy  subjugation  of  the  colonies,  the  iden 
tical  plan,  dated  March  29,  1777,  being  discovered 
among  the  private  papers  of  the  Howes  in  1857. 
These  papers  were  obtained  in  Nova  Scotia  and 
secured  at  a  sale  in  New  York.  He  was  ex 
changed  in  May,  1778,  and  joined  Washington  at 
Valley  Forge.  In  June,  when  it  was  found  that 
Sir  Henry  Clinton  planned  to  retreat  from  Phila 
delphia  across  New  Jersey  to  New  York,  AVash- 
ington  determined  to  oppose  his  march.  General 
Lee  advised  against  risking  a  battle,  and  his  op 
position  was  so  determined  that  Washington  ap 
pointed  Lafayette  to  the  command  of  Lee's  divi 
sion.  Upon  finding  Washington  so  determined, 
Lee  solicited  restoration  to  the  command  and 
Lafayette  yielded,  when  Washington  repeated  his 


[13] 


LEE 


LEE 


orders  to  Lee  and  made  them  peremptory.  When 
Lee  overtook  the  British  near  Monmouth  Court 
House,  June  28,  1778,  his  conduct  aroused  the 
suspicion  of  Lafayette,  who  despatched  an  aide  to 
Washington,  who  was  bringing  up  the  other  divi 
sion,  asking  him  to  hasten  to  the  front,  and  when 
he  reached  Freehold  church  he  saw  Leo's  division 
in  retreat,  closely  pursued  by  the  British.  The 
commander-in-chief  charged  Lee  with  disobeying 
his  orders,  and,  assuming  command,  he  rallied  the 
Americans  and  defeated  the  British,  after  which 
lie  ordered  Lee  to  the  rear.  The  next  day  he  rein- 
instated  Leeinhisold  command,  in  spite  of  which 
Lee  addressed  an  exasperating  letter  to  General 
Washington,  to  which  Washington  made  a  severe 
reply,  closing  in  these  words:  "You  are  guilty 
of  a  breach  of  orders  and  of  misbehavior  before 
the  enemy  in  not  attacking  them  as  directed  and 
in  making  an  unnecessary,  disorderly  and  shame 
ful  retreat."  This  brought  from  Lee  the  demand 
for  a  court-martial  to  determine  as  to  his  conduct 
in  the  following  words  :  "  You  cannot  afford  me 
greater  pleasure,  sir,  than  in  giving  me  an  oppor 
tunity  of  showing  to  America  the  efficiency  of 
her  respective  servants.  I  trust  that  the  tem 
porary  power  of  office  and  the  tinsel  dignity  at 
tending  it  will  not  be  able,  by  all  the  mists  they 
can  raise,  to  effusate  the  bright  rays  of  truth.  In 
the  meantime  your  excellency  can  have  no  ob 
jection,  to  my  retiring  from  the  army."  On  the 
receipt  of  this  letter  Washington  ordered  Lee 
placed  under  arrest,  and  in  August,  1778,  he  was 
tried  under  three  charges  :  first,  for  disobeying 
orders,  in  not  attacking  the  enemy  ;  second,  for 
making  an  unnecessary  and  disorderly  retreat ; 
and,  third,  for  disrespect  to  the  commander-in- 
chief  in  two  letters.  He  was  found  guilty  on  all 
three  charges,  Aug.  12,  1778,  and  he  was  sus 
pended  from  the  army  for  twelve  months.  Heat 
once  re-opened  his  charges  against  Washington 
and  was  challenged  by  Col.  John  Laurens,  Wash 
ington's  aide-de-camp,  which  resulted  in  Lee's 
being  severely  wounded  in  the  arm.  He  subse 
quently  addressed  a  letter  to  congress  which 
caused  him  to  be  dismissed  from  the  army  and 
he  retired  to  his  Virginia  home  until  the  close  of 
the  war.  While  on  a  visit  to  Philadelphia  he 
was  stricken  with  fever  and  died  alone  and 
friendless  at  the  tavern  at  which  he  was  stopping. 
He  was  buried  in  the  cemetery  of  Christ  church, 
and  John  Ilansen,  president  of  the  Continental 
congress,  and  other  eminent  citizens  of  Philadel 
phia  attended  his  funeral.  He  was  the  author  of 
"  Strictures  on  a  friendly  address  to  all  Reason 
able  Americans,  in  reply  to  Dr.  Myles  Cooper  " 
(1774);  "  Mr.  Lee's  Plan"  (1777).  He  claimed  to 
know  the  secret  of  the  authorship  of  the  "  Junius" 
letters  and  afterward  acknowledged  himself  as 
the  author,  which  statement  called  out  a  number 


of  articles  and  books  in  refutation  of  his  claim, 
and  his  protracted  absence  from  England  at  the 
time  when  "  Junius "  was  issuing  his  letters 
seems  effectually  to  dispose  of  the  matter.  His 
essays  and  miscellaneous  papers  were  edited  by 
Edward  Langworthy  and  published  as  :  Memoirs 
of  tlie  late  Charles  Lee,  Esq.  (London,  1792).  See 
The  Treason  of  Charles  Lee,  by  Dr.  G.  H.  Moore 
(1858) .  He  died  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. ,  Oct.  2,  1782, 

LEE,  Charles,  cabinet  officer,  was  born  at 
Leesylvania,  Ya..  in  1758  ;  son  of  Henry  and  Lucy 
(Grymes)  Lee  and  brother  of  Henry  Lee.  He 
was  graduated  at  the  College  of  New  Jersey, 
A. B.,  1775,  A.M.,  1778,  and  studied  law  in  Phila 
delphia  in  the  office  of  Jared  Ingersoll.  He  prac 
tised  law  in  Westmoreland  county  and  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  the  general  assembly  of  Virginia. 
After  the  death  of  Attorney-General  William 
Bradford,  Aug.  23, 1795,  President  Washington,  on 
Dec.  10,  1795,  appointed  him  attorney-general  in 
his  cabinet  and  he  continued  in  office  up  to  the 
last  month  of  President  Adams's  administration, 
when  he  resigned  and  was  succeeded  by  The- 
ophilus  Parsons.  In  1801  President  Jefferson 
offered  him  the  chief  justiceship  of  the  U.S. 
circuit  court  for  the  fourth  circuit,  which  he 
declined.  He  died  in  Fauquier  county,  Va., 
June  24,  1815. 

LEE,  Chauncey,  mathematician,  was  born  in 
Coventry,  Conn.,  July  10,1718;  son  of  the  Rev. 
Jonathan  Lee,  first  minister  of  Salisbury,  Conn. 
He  was  graduated  at  Yale,  A.B.,  1784,  A.M.,  1787  ; 
practised  law,  studied  theology  and  was  pastor  of 
Congregational  churches  at  Sunderland  and 
Rutland,  Vt.,  Colebrook,  N.Y.,  and  Marlborough, 
Conn.,  1790-1885.  He  published  in  Lansingburg, 
N.  Y.  :  A  Compendium  of  Federal  Arithmetic, 
designed  for  the  Use  of  Schools,  and  Especially 
Calculated  for  the  Meridian  of  the  United  States 
(1797).  In  this  book  he  set  forth  a  system  of 
"  characteristics  "  by  which  one  vertical  stroke 
designated  the  mill  ;  two  the  cent  ;  these  two 
parallel  lines  crossed  by  one  S-shaped  the  dime, 
and  two  parallel  lines  crossed  by  two  S's  the 
dollar.  He  soon  after  substituted  the  decimal 
point  to  designate  mills,  cents  and  dimes,  but 
throughout  his  book  the  dollar  mark  was  main 
tained.  This  was  eight  years  before  Adams's 
arithmetic  was  published,  and  according  to  cai'e- 
ful  research  made  by  Dr.  Marcus  Baker,  Wash 
ington,  D.C.,  in  1899,  there  appears  to  be  no  book 
or  MS.  antedating  this  arithmetic,  in  which  the 
dollar  sign  is  used  or  its  evolution  explained. 
He  received  the  honorary  degree  of  D.D.  from 
Columbia  college  in  1823.  He  is  also  the  author 
of  :  Poetical  Version  of  the  Book  of  Job  (1807)  ; 
Sermons  for  Revivals  (1824)  ;  Letters  from  Aris 
ta  rdi  us  to  Pliilcmon.  (18153).  He  died  at  Hart- 
wick,  N.Y.,  Nov.  5,  1842. 


[141 


LEE 


LEE 


LEE,  Fitzhugh,  soldier,  was  born  in  Clermont, 
Fairfax  county,  Va.,  Nov.  19,  1835  ;  son  of  Capt. 
Sydney  Smith  Lee  (q.v.)and  Anne  Maria  (Mason) 
Lee  :  grandson  of  Gen.  Henry  and  Anne  Hill 
(Carter)  Lee  and  of  Gen.  John  and  Anne  Maria 
(Murray)  Mason  ;and 
great-grandson  of 
George  Mason,  the 
statesman.  He  was 
graduated  from  the 
U.S.  Military  acade 
my  in  1856,  and  was 
assigned  to  Carlisle 
barracks,  Pa.,  where 
he  taught  horseman 
ship  to  raw  recruits. 
As  2d  lieutenant,  2d 
U.S.  cavalry,  he  was 
stationed  on  the  Texas 
frontier  and  took 
part  iu  the  siibjuga- 
tion  of  the  Com- 
anche  Indians.  On  May  13,  1854,  he  was  shot 
through  the  lungs  by  an  Indian  arrow.  He 
also  had  repeated  hand-to-hand  engagements 
with  mounted  Indians,  notably  on  Jan.  15.  1880. 
He  was  recalled  from  the  frontier  in  May, 
1800,  and  was  instructor  in  cavalry  tactics  at 
the  U.S.  Military  academy.  18(50-61.  When 
the  people  of  Virginia  confirmed  the  act  of  se 
cession  in  1861  Lieutenant  Lee  resigned  his  com 
mission  in  the  U.S.  army  and  returned  to  his 
native  state  where  he  was  commissioned  assistant 
adjutant-general  with  rank  of  captain,  in  the 
Confederate  army.  He  served  on  the  staff  of 
General  Ewell  in  the  first  battle  of  Manassas, 
July  21,  1861,  and  was  made  lieutenant-colonel  of 
the  1st  Virginia  cavalry.  Col.  J.  E.  B.  Stuart 
commanding,  1861-62.  He  succeeded  Stuart  in 
the  command  of  the  1st  Virginia  cavalry  in 
April,  1862,  and  took  part  in  General  Stuart's  raid 
around  McClellan's  army,  June  13.  1862.  He  was 
promoted  brigadier-general,  July  25,  1862,  and  in 
tlie  second  battle  of  Manassas,  Aug.  29-30,  1862, 
he  commanded  a  brigade  of  cavalry  in  Stuart's 
division,  made  up  of  the  1st,  3d,  4th,  5th  and  9th 
Virginia  cavalry,  made  the  raid  around  Pope's 
army  at  Catlett's  Station,  captured  his  head 
quarters  and  nearly  succeeded  in  taking  the 
commanding  general  prisoner.  He  took  part  in 
the  battles  of  South  Mountain,  Crompton's  Gap 
and  Sharpsburg,  Sept.  14-17,  Fredericksburg, 
Dec.  11-15,  1862,  Chancellorsville,  May  1-5,  and 
Gettysburg,  July  1-3,  1863.  He  was  promoted 
major-general,  Sept.  3,  1863  ;  engaged  in  a  cav 
alry  fight  with  Custer  and  Kilpatrick  at  Gaines 
ville,  Va.,  Oct.  19,  1863,  and  commanded  a  divi 
sion  of  cavalry  in  Stuart's  corps  in  opposing  Sher 
idan's  raid,  May  3-4,  1864,  in  the  battles  of  tho 


Wilderness,  May  5-7  ;  Spottsylvania,  May  8-12  ; 
North  Anna  River,  May  23-27 ;  Hawes's  Shop, 
May  28  ;  Cold  Harbor,  May  31  ;  Trevillian  Sta 
tion,  June  11-12  ;  and  Cedarville,  August  16. 
At  Winchester,  Sept.  19, 1864.  he  had  three  horses 
shot  under  him  and  was  so  severely  wounded  as 
to  be  kept  out  of  active  service  for  several  months. 
At  Five  Forks,  April  1,  1865,  where  he  com 
manded  the  cavalry  corps  he  maintained  his  posi 
tion  during  the  night  at  Hatcher's  Run,  but  was 
driven  back  the  next  day,  and  at  Sailor's  Creek 
and  Farmville,  April  6-8,  1865,  made  determined 
stands  against  the  Federal  army  which  opened 
the  way  for  the  retreat  of  the  main  army  toward 
Appomattox  Court  House,  and  advancing  on  the 
Lynchburg  road  he  was  cut  off  from  the  main 
army.  After  his  surrender  to  General  Meade  at 
Farmville  he  returned  to  his  desolated  farm  in 
Stafford  county.  He  accompanied  the  Norfolk 
Blues  to  Boston,  Mass.,  in  1874,  and  made  a  not 
able  patriotic  speech  at  Bunker  Hill.  In  1884  he 
was  appointed  a  visitor  to  West  Point.  He  was 
governor  of  Virginia,  1886-90,  collector  of  internal 
revenue  for  the  Lynchburg  district  by  appoint 
ment  of  President  Cleveland,  1893-96,  and  was 
U.S.  consul-general  at  Havana,  Cuba,  1896-98. 
On  the  outbreak  of  the  war  with  Spain  in  1898 
he  was  commissioned  one  of  the  six  major-gen 
erals  of  volunteers  appointed  by  President  McKin- 
ley  May  4,  1898,  and  given  command  of  the  7th 
army  corps  and  was  selected  by  the  President 
to  lead  the  assault  on  Havana,  Cuba,  should  it 
become  necessary  to  attack  that  city.  His  corps 
was  not  ordered  to  Cuba  until  Dec.  12,  1898,  and 
on  Jan.  1,  1899,  he  was  made  governor  of  the 
provinces  of  La  Habana  and  Pinar  del  Rio.  In 
March,  1900,  when  the  provinces  of  La  Habana, 
Pinar  del  Rio,  Matanzas  and  Santa  Clara  were 
consolidated  as  the  department  of  Havana,  he 
became  governor-general  of  the  new  department. 
He  was  married  at  Alexandria,  Va.,  in  1871,  to 
Ellen  Bernard  Fowle.  and  they  had  three 
daughters,  Ellen,  Nannie  and  Virginia,  and  two 
sons,  Fitzhugh  and  George  Mason.  His  son  Fitz 
hugh  was  commissioned  a  lieutenant  in  the  U.S. 
volunteer  army  and  appointed  an  aide-de-camp 
on  his  father's  staff,  and  on  Nov.  3,  1898,  was  ap 
pointed  by  President  McKinley  second  lieutenant 
of  infantry  in  the  regular  service.  Afterward, 
being  a  fine  horseman,  he  was  transferred  to  1st 
cavalry,  U.S.A.  and  ordered  to  the  Philippines. 
George  Mason,  General  Lee's  second  son,  was 
educated  at  the  U.S.  military  academy  but  left 
before  graduating  to  accept  a  commission  in  the 
U.S.  volunteer  army  as  first  lieutenant  in  the 
39th  regiment  volunteer  infantry,  Oct.  28,  1899, 
for  service  in  the  Philippine  Islands.  General 
Lee  was  commissioned  brigadier-general  in  the 
regular  army,  Feb.  13.  1'JOl. 


LEE 


LEE,  Francis  Lightfoot,  signer,  was  born  at 
"  Stratford,"  Westmoreland  county,  Va.,Oct.  14, 
1734  ;  fourth   son  of  Gov.    Thomas  and  Hannah 
(Ludwell)   Lee.     He  was  educated  at  Stratford 
by  the  Rev.  Mr.  Craig,  a  Scotch  clergyman.     He 
became  a  member  of 
the  house  of  burgess 
es  for  Loudoun  coun 
ty,    and    signed    the 
Westmoreland        de 
claration   against  the 
stamp   act     with   his 
three   brothers  in  17- 
65.       Upon    his   mar 
riage       to     Rebecca, 
daughter  of  Col.  John 
Taylor,  of  Richmond 
county,   Va.,  in  1772, 
he   made  that  county 
his  home  and  was  at 
once   elected  to    rep 
resent  it  in  the  house 
of  burgesses.     He  succeeded  Col.  Richard  Bland 
as   delegate  to  the  Continental  congress,   Aug. 
15,    1775,   serving    1775-79.     He    signed  the  Dec 
laration    of    Independence,    assisted   in   prepar 
ing  the  Articles  of  Confederation  and  defended 
the  rights  of  the  States  to    the  Newfoundland 
fisheries    and    to    the   free    navigation    of    the 
Mississippi  river.     He   retired  from  congress  in 
the  spring  of  1779  and   resumed    his  duties  as 
master  of  his  extensive  estates  and  justice  of  the 
peace  of  Richmond  county.     He  represented  the 
county  in   the   state  legislature   for  one  or  two 
terms.     See  Sanderson's  "  Lives  of  the  Signers." 
He  died  in  Richmond  county,  Va.,  April  3,  1797. 
LEE,  Frederic  Schiller,  physiologist,  was  born 
in  Canton,  N.Y.,  June  16,  1859  ;  son  of  John  Steb 
bins  and  Elmina  (Bennett)  Lee  ;  grandson  of  Eli 
and  Rebekah  (Stebbins)  Lee ;   and  of  Moses  and 
Nancy  (Wheeler;  Bennett,  and  a  descendant  of 
Samuel   Lee,    Watertown,    Mass.,    1670;    and   of 
Rowland  Stebbins  of  Ipswich,  England,  who  set 
tled  in  Boston,  Mass.,  in  1634.     He  was  graduated 
from  St.  Lawrence  university.  A.B.,  1878,  A.M., 
1881  ;    from  Johns    Hopkins    university,    Ph.D., 
1885,  and  studied  under  Carl  Ludwig,  at  Leipsic 
university,  1885-86.     He  served  as  instructor  in 
biology  at  St.   Lawrence  university,   1886-87;  as 
instructor  in  physiology  and   histology   at  Bryn 
Mawr  college,  Pa.,  1887-88,  and  associate,  1888- 
91  ;  as  demonstrator  of  physiology  at  Columbia 
university,  1891-95,  and  was  appointed   adjunct 
professor  of  physiology  in  Columbia  in  1895.     He 
was  elected  a  member  and  fellow  of  several  im 
portant  scientific  societies,  including  the  Ameri 
can  Association  for  the  Advancement  of  Science, 
1900.     He  became  one  of  the  editors  of  the  Amer 
ican  Journal  of  Physiology;  joint  author  of  :  In 


Sickness  and  in  Health  (1896)  and  An  American 
Text-book  of  Physiology  (1896);  translator  and 
editor  of  a  General  Physiology  :  An  Outline  uftlie 
Science  of  Life,  by  Max  Verworn  (1899);  reviser 
and  editor  of  Huxley's  Lessons  in  Elementary 
Physiology  (1900);  and  the  author  of  numerous 
articles,  chiefly  upon  physiological  subjects,  in 
the  scientific  journals  in  America,  England  and 
Germany. 

LEE,  George  Washington  Custis,  soldier,  was 
born  in  Fort  Monroe.  Va.,  Sept.  16,  1832  ;  son  of 
Robert  Edward  and  Mary  Anne  Randolph  (Custis) 
Lee.  He  was  graduated  at  the  U.S.  Military 
academy  at  the  head  of  the  class  of  1854  :  was 
commissioned  2d  lieu 
tenant  in  the  Corps 
of  Engineers,  U.S. 
army  ;  was  promoted 
1st  lieutenant  Octo 
ber,  1859.  and  served 
in  the  engineer  bu 
reau,  Washington, 
D.C.,  1859-61.  In 
May,  1861,  after  the 
secession  of  Virginia, 
he  resigned  his  com-  • 
mission  in  the  U.S. 
army,  and  was  com 
missioned  major  of 
engineers  in  the  pro 
visional  army  of  Vir 
ginia,  and  with  that  army  was  transferred  to  the 
Confederate  States  army,  June  8,  1861.  On  July 
1,  1861,  he  was  assigned  to  the  engineer  corps 
with  the  rank  of  captain,  and  was  engaged  in  th« 
fortifications  around  Richmond.  On  Aug.  31, 
1861,  President  Davis  made  him  an  aide-de-camp 
on  his  staff  with  the  rank  of  colonel  of  cavalry. 
He  visited  Bragg's  army  at  Murfreesboro,  Tenn., 
in  December,  1862,  with  President  Davis,  and  on 
June  25,  1863,  was  commissioned  brigadier-gen 
eral  and  organized  a  brigade  which  lie  com 
manded  in  the  defence  of  Richmond.  He  was 
promoted  major-general  in  October,  1864,  and 
commanded  a  division  of  the  corps  of  General 
Ewell  in  the  defence  of  Richmond.  In  the  retreat 
from  Richmond,  he  crossed  with  his  division  on 
the  pontoon  above  Drewry's  Bluff,  April  2,  1865, 
and  at  Sailor's  Creek,  April  6,  he  was  made  pris 
oner  with  Generals  Ewell,  Kersluuv,  Barton,  Du 
Bose,  Hunton,  Corse  and  other  officers  and  con 
veyed  to  City  Point,  Va.,  where  he  was  paroled 
and  sent  to  Richmond,  Va.  He  was  professor  of 
civil  and  military  engineering  and  applied  me 
chanics  in  the  Virginia  Military  Institute,  Lexing 
ton.  Va.,  1865-71  ;  and  on  Feb.  1,  1871,  succeeded 
his  father  as  president  of  Washington  college, 
having  been  elected  to  the  office,  Oct.  28,  1870. 
The  name  of  the  institution  was  ill  honor  of 


LEE 


LEE 


his  father's  memory  changed  to  Washington 
and  Lee  university  and  in  1873  he  assumed 
charge  of  the  chair  of  applied  mathematics  which 
was  made  the  Thomas  A.  Scott  professorship  of 
•applied  mathematics  in  June.  1881.  In  Decem 
ber,  189(5,  he  resigned  the  presidency  of  Washing 
ton  and  Lee  university  on  account  of  ill  health, 
•and  it  was  accepted  to  take  effect.  July  1,  1897, 
when  he  was  made  president  emeritus  for  life. 
He  was  never  married,  and  on  leaving  Lexington 
went  to  Ravensworth,  near  Burke's  Station,  Va., 
the  home  of  the  widow  of  his  brother,  W.  H.  F. 
Lee.  He  received  the  honorary  degree  of  LL.D. 
from  Tulane  university  in  1887. 

LEE,  Guy  Carleton,  educator  and  author,  was 
born  at  sea,  off  the  coast  of  North  Carolina,  Sept. 
15,  1867  ;  son  of  Guy  Carleton  and  Caroline 
(Leightner)  Lee.  In  his  advanced  academic  train 
ing  he  devoted  particular  attention  to  jurispru 
dence,  history  and  literature.  He  was  gradu 
ated  from  the  University  of  North  Carolina, 
LL.B.,  1894  ;  from  Dickinson  college,  A.B.,  189.", ; 
LL.M.,  1896;  A.M..  1897;  and  from  Johns  Hop 
kins  university,  Ph.D.,  1898  ;  was  professor  of 
English  common  law  and  English  history  at 
Dickinson  School  of  Law,  1894-95.  He  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in  North  Carolina,  1894,  Penn 
sylvania,  1895,  and  Baltimore,  1898.  At  Johns 
Hopkins  he  was  prizeman  in  literature,  1895,  and 
scholar  in  history,  1895-96,  fellow  in  history  and 
student-assistant,  1898,  and  became  instructor  in 
history  in  1898.  He  was  made  lecturer  on  com 
parative  politics  at  the  Columbian  university, 
Washington,  D.C.,  in  1900.  In  1901  he  ac 
cepted  the  literary  editorship  of  the  Baltimore 
Sun,  and  also  continued  to  fill  his  various  profes 
sorial  appointments.  He  was  elected  a  member 
of  the  American  Historical  association,  and  na 
tional  executive  chairman  of  the  National  Society 
of  the  Spanish-American  War  in  1898.  He  was 
editor-in-chief  of  the  "  World's  Orators  Series" 
(lOvols.,  1897-98),  and  he  is  the  author  of: 
Hincmar  (1898);  Public  Speaking  (1899);  His 
torical  Jurisprudence  (1900);  Source  Book  of 
English  History  (1900):  A  History  of  England 
(1901),  and  many  important  monographs  and 
•contributions  to  periodicals. 

LEE,  Henry,  soldier,  was  born  at  Leesylvania, 
Westmoreland  county,  Va.,  Jan.  29,  1756  ;  son  of 
Henry  and  Lucy  (Grymes)  Lee  ;  grandson  of 
Henry  and  Mary  (Bland)  Lee;  great-grandson 
of  John  and  Lettice  Lee ;  great-grandson  of 
Richard  and  Lastitia  (Corbin)  Lee,  and  great3- 
grandson  of  Col.  Richard  and  Anne  Lee.  Col. 
Richard  Lee,  a  man  of  wealth  and  distinction, 
sold  his  estate,  Stratford,  Langton,  England,  and 
came  to  America  about  1640,  as  secretary  of  the 
colony  and  a  member  of  the  king's  privy  council. 
He  was  president  of  the  council  of  state,  1641  ; 


represented  York  county  as  burgess  in  1647 ; 
Northumberland  county  in  1657,  and  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Tobacco  commission  in  1668.  He  mar 
ried  Anne  (surname  unknown),  and  they  had 
eight  children.  Henry  Lee  (born  1756)  was 
graduated  at  the  College  of  New  Jersey,  A.B., 
1773.  A.M.,  1776.  Prevented  from  visiting  Europe 
by  the  preparations  for  active  revolution,  he  re- 


turned  to  Virginia,  recruited  a  company  of 
"  light  horse"  in  1775,  was  appointed  captain  in 
Col.  Theodoric  Eland's  legion  of  Virginia  cavalry, 
and  in  1777  joined  Washington's  army  in  Penn 
sylvania.  He  was  promoted  major  for  gallant 
conduct  in  battle  in  January,  1778,  and  was  given 
command  of  two  troops  of  horse,  to  which  he 
added  a  third  troop  and  a  company  of  infantry, 
and  "  Lee's  legion  "  became  an  independent  par 
tisan  corps  and  its  leader  received  the  cognomen 
"  Lighthorse  Harry."  This  corps  constantly 
living  on  the  flank  of  the  British  army  and  an 
noyed  both  their  march  and  camp.  On  July  19, 
1779,  Lee  surprised  the  British  troops  in  garrison 
at  Paulus  Hook,  New  York  harbor,  and  with  the 
loss  of  five  of  his  riders  carried  off  160  prisoners, 
for  which  service  congress  gave  him  a  gold 
medal.  He  was  promoted  lieutenant-colonel  and 
marched  his  legion  to  South  Carolina,  where  he 
covered  the  rear  of  General  Greene's  army,  giv 
ing  occasional  opportunity  for  Tarleton's  dragoons 
to  measure  swords  with  the  Virginians.  After 
Greene  had  crossed  into  Virginia  Lee  remained 
in  the  mountains  of  North  Carolina  to  encourage 
the  WThigs  and  harass  Tarletou  and  the  loyalists. 
His  efforts  to  surprise  the  British  dragoons  were 
unsuccessful,  but  he  gave  battle  to  and  defeated 
400  loyalists  under  Colonel  Pyle.  At  the  battle 
of  Guilford  Court  House,  March  15,  1781,  his 
legion  proved  more  than  a  match  for  Tarleton's 
dragoons,  and  when  General  Greene  marched 
against  Camden  he  sent  Lee  and  Marion  to  cut  off 
Rawdon's  communications  with  the  seacoast,  and 
they  captured  Fort  Watson,  which  forced  Raw- 
don  to  abandon  and  burn  Camden,  May  10,  1781. 
Colonel  Lee  then  proceeded  south,  capturing 
Forts  Mdtt  and  Granby,  and  on  May  25  reached 
Augusta,  Ga.,  which  city  also  fell  into  his  hands, 
June  5,  1781.  He  rejoined  Greene's  army,  and 
took  part  in  the  siege  of  Fort  Ninety-six,  which 


LEE 


LEE 


after  twenty-eight  days  was  raised  on  the  ap 
proach  of  Rawdon  with  2000  men.  The  British 
general,  fearing  that  lie  would  again  be  cut  off 
from  the  seacoast  by  Lee,  evacuated  the  fort, 
June  29,  1781,  and  retired  upon  Charleston,  fol 
lowed  by  Greene's  army.  Then  followed  the  bat 
tle  of  Eutaw  Springs,  Sept.  8,  1781,  in  which  Lee's 
legion  rendered  distinguished  service,  and  when 
night  came  on,  and  the  British  retreated  to 
Charleston,  Lee  followed  so  closely  as  to  capture 
a  large  number  of  Rawdon's  rear-guard.  He  wit 
nessed  the  surrender  of  Cornwallisat  Yorktown, 
Oct.  19,  1781,  and  soon  after  resigned  his  commis 
sion  and  became  proprietor  of  Stratford  House 
by  his  marriage  to  his  second  cousin,  Matilda, 
daughter  of  Philip  Ludwell  Lee.  He  was  a  dele 
gate  to  the  Continental  congress  from  Virginia, 
1785-88,  and  a  member  of  the  convention  called 
to  ratify  the  Federal  constitution  in  1788,  and  in 
that  body,  with  Madison  and  Marshall,  he  opposed 
the  efforts  of  Patrick  Henry,  Richard  Henry  Lee, 
George  Mason,  James  Monroe,  Benjamin  Harri 
son,  and  John  Tyler  to  defeat  the  ratification. 
He  was  a  representative  in  the  general  assembly 
of  the  state,  1789-91,  and  governor,  1792-95. 
President  Washington  in  1794  commissioned  him 
major-general  in  command  of  the  U.S  troops 
sent  to  western  Pennsylvania  to  suppress  the 
insurrection  caused  by  the  enforcement  of  the 
Federal  excise  law,  and  on  his  appearance  with 
15,000  men  the  insurrectionists  were  overawed 
and  peace  was  restored  without  bloodshed.  He 
was  a  representative  in  the  6th  congress,  1799- 
1801,  and  at  the  close  of  that  congress  retired 
to  private  life.  He  married  as  his  second  wife, 
in  1798,  Ann  Hill,  daughter  of  Charles  and 
Anne  Butler  (Moore)  Carter,  of  Shirley,  Va.  He 
was  oppressed  by  debt  the  last  years  of  his  life, 
and  for  a  time  was  confined  within  the  bounds 
of  Spottsylvania  county.  On  July  27,  1812,  while 
he  was  in  Baltimore  on  a  personal  business 
visit  to  William  Hanson,  editor  of  the  Federal 
Republican,  the  printing  office  was  attacked  by 
a  mob,  and  in  the  conflict  that  followed  he  was 
left  for  dead  upon  the  street,  where  he  was  found 
insensible.  He  was  disqualified  from  military 
service  from  the  effects  of  the  encounter.  He 
visited  the  West  Indies  in  1817  for  the  benefit  of 
his  health  and  on  his  way  home  he  stopped  at 
the  homestead-of  General  Greene,  near  St.  Mary's, 
Ga.,  where  lie  was  entertained  by  Mrs.  Shaw, 
daughter  of  his  old  commander,  and  under  whose 
roof  he  died.  He  is  the  author  of  :  Funeral  Ora 
tion  upon  President  Washington  (1799),  delivered 
before  both  houses  of  congress,  in  which  occur  the 
words,  "The  man,  first  in  war,  first  in  peace,  and 
first  in  the  hearts  of  his  fellow-citizens  ;  "  and  of 
War  i>i  the  Southern,  United  States  (2  vols..  1812). 
revised  with  additions  by  his  son  Henry  (1827), 


and  by  his  son  Robert  Edward,  with  memoir 
(1809).  He  died  on  Cumberland  Island,  Ga., 
March  25,  1818. 

LEE,  Henry,  political  economist,  was  born  in 
Beverly,  Mass.,  Feb.  4,  1782  ;  son  of  Joseph  and 
Elizabeth  (Cabot)  Lee,  grandson  of  Thomas  and 
Lois  (Orne)  Lee,  and  of  Joseph  and  Elizabeth 
(Higginson)  Cabot,  and  great --grandson  of 
Thomas  and  Deborah  (Flint)  Lee.  He  engaged 
in  foreign  and  domestic  trade,  and  devoted  him 
self  to  the  study  of  political  economy  and  to  the 
collection  of  commercial  and  financial  statistics. 
He  was  the  friend  and  correspondent  of  the  Eng 
lish  economists  McCulloch,  Tooke,  Villiers  and 
Cobden,  by  whom  he  was  regarded  as  an  author 
ity.  He  received  the  eleven  electoral  votes  of 
South  Carolina  for  Vice-President  on  the  Inde 
pendent  ticket,  with  John  Floyd  for  President, 
in  1833.  He  contributed  to  the  Free  Trade  Ad 
vocate,  Philadelphia,  and  was  associated  with 
Albert  Gallatin  in  preparing  the  memorial  and 
statistical  expositions  of  the  effects  of  the  tariff, 
at  the  free  trade  convention  in  Philadelphia  in 
September,  1831.  He  married  Mary,  daughter 
of  Jonathan  Jackson,  of  Boston,  and  their  son, 
Francis  L.,  born  Dec.  11,  1823;  Harvard.  A.B., 
1843,  was  colonel  of  the  44th  Massachusetts 
volunteers  in  the  civil  war,  and  died  Sept.  2, 
1886.  Henry  Lee  is  the  author  of  Boston  Reports 
(1827),  which  passed  through  four  editions.  He 
died  in  Boston,  Mass..  Feb.  6,  1867. 

LEE,  Henry,  author,  was  born  in  Westmore 
land  county,  Va.,  in  1787;  son  of  Gen.  Henry 
and  Matilda  (Lee)  Lee.  He  was  a  student  at 
Washington  college,  Lexington,  Va, ,  1806-07, 
and  was  major  of  the  12th  U.S.  infantry  regi 
ment  in  the  war  of  1812,  serving  in  the  Canada 
campaign  on  the  staffs  of  Generals  Wilkinson 
and  Izard.  At  the  close  of  the  war  lie  retired  to 
his  plantation.  On  the  appearance  of  William 
Johnson's  "  Life  and  Correspondence  of  General 
Greene"  (1822),  assailing  the  conduct  of  his 
father  and  of  his  command,  Major  Lee  prepared 
a  defence,  entitled,  "  The  Campaign  of  1781  in 
the  Carolinas"  (1824).  He  went  to  Palermo  in 
1829,  having  been  appointed  by  President  Jack 
son  U.S.  consul  there,  but  his  appointment  was 
rejected  by  the  senate  oil  political  grounds,  and 
he  returned  in  1830.  He  served  as  President 
Jackson's  private  secretary,  and  also  as  secretary 
of  legation  to  Paris  under  U.S.  Minister  Lewis 
Cass,  1836-37.  While  in  Italy  lie  made  the  ac 
quaintance  of  the  mother  of  Napoleon  I.,  which 
led  to  his  undertaking  to  write  a  life  of  that 
soldier.  He  is  the  author  of  :  Essays  in  Support 
of  Andrew  Jackson  (1828) ;  Evidence  in  Support 
of  Anti-Tariff  Memorial  to  Congress  (183%) ;  Ob- 
serrations  on  tJie  Writ  ings  of  Thorn  an  Jefferson 
(1832);  Life  of  Xapoleon  (vol.  I.,  1835),  subse- 


LEE 


LEE 


quently  enlarged  and  published  in  Paris  and  Lon 
don  as  The  Life  of  Napoleon  Bonaparte  dou-n  to 
the  Peace  of  Tolentino.  He  revised  and  enlarged 
his  father's  War  in  the  Southern  United  States 
(1827).  He  died  in  Paris,  France,  Jan.  30,  1837. 

LEE,  Henry,  banker,  was  bom  in  Boston, 
Mass.,  Sept.  2,  1817  ;  son  of  Henry  (q.  v.)  and 
Mary  (Jackson)  Lee.  He  was  graduated  from 
Harvard  in  1836,  and  engaged  in  business  with 
his  father.  About  1840  he  became  a  member  of 
the  firm  of  Bullard  &  Lee,  East  India  merchants. 
Boston  and  Calcutta.  The  firm  continued  until 
1853,  when,  with  George  Higginson  and  John  C. 
Lee,  he  established  the  banking  house  of  Lee, 
Higginson  &  Co.,  from  which  he  retired  in  De 
cember,  1897.  He  was  manager  of  the  Union 
Safe  Deposit  vaults  in  Boston,  1868-98  ;  was  aide- 
de-camp  with  the  rank  of  colonel  on  the  staff  of 
Governor  Andrew,  1881-65  ;  was  a  representative 
in  the  state  legislature,  1876-77  ;  an  overseer  of 
Harvard,  1867-79,  and  1880-98  ;  a  member  of  the 
Massachusetts  Historical  society,  and  a  founder, 
and  for  several  years  president,  of  the  Union 
club  of  Boston.  He  was  also  a  stockholder  of 
the  Boston  Athenaeum,  a  trustee  of  the  Museum 
of  Fine  Arts,  and  a  member  of  the  New  England 
Historic  Genealogical  society.  He  was  married, 
Oct.  20,  1845,  to  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Samuel 
and  Elizabeth  (Perkins)  Cabot.  He  was  a  fre 
quent  contributor  to  the  press,  and  is  the  author 
of:  The  Militia  of  the  United  States:  What  it 
Has  Been  and  What  it  Should  Be.  He  died  in 
Brookline,  Mass.,  Nov.  24,  1898. 

LEE,  Henry  Washington,  first  bishop  of  Iowa 
and  61st  in  succession  in  the  American  epis 
copate,  was  born  in  Hamden,  Conn.,  July  29,  1815. 
He  was  a  student  at  the  Episcopal  academy, 

Cheshire,  Conn.,  and 
at  Trinity  college, 
but  was  not  gradu 
ated.  He  then  pur 
sued  a  course  in 
theology,  and  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  diacon- 
ate  in  Grace  church, 
New  Bedford,  Mass., 
May  27,  1838,  and  or 
dained  a  priest  in  St. 
Anne's  church,  Low 
ell,  Mass,  Oct.  9.  18- 
39.  He  was  assistant 
at  Grace  church,  New 
Bedford, 1838-39  ;  rec 
tor  of  Christ  church, 

Springfield,  Mass.,  1839-42  ;  of  St.  Luke's  church, 
Rochester,  N.Y.S  1843-54,  and  was  consecrat 
ed  the  first  bishop  of  Iowa,  Oct.  18,  1854, 
in  Rochester,  by  Bishops  Hopkins,  McCoskry, 
De  Lancey,  Eastburn,  Burgess  and  White- 


<7 


[19J 


house.  He  erected  the  cathedral  and  bish 
op's  house  at  Davenport  ;  founded  Griswold  col 
lege,  opened  in  1859,  and  raised  an  endowment 
fund  of  $50,000  for  the  diocese.  He  received  the 
honorary  degree  of  A.M.  from  Trinity  college  in 
1841,  from  Hobart  in  1850;  that  of  S.T.D.  from 
the  University  of  Rochester  in  1851,  and  that  of 
LL.D.  from  Cambridge,  England,  in  1857,  during 
his  attendance  at  the  first  Lambeth  conference. 
He  was  a  corresponding  member  of  the  New 
England  Historic  Genealogical  society,  1865-74. 
He  is  the  author  of  A  Manual  of  Trinity  Prayers 
and  several  published  sermons  and  addresses. 
He  died  in  Davenport,  Iowa,  Sept.  26,  1874. 

LEE,  Jesse,  pioneer  Methodist,  was  born  in 
Prince  George  county,  Va.,  March  12,  1758;  son 
of  Nathaniel  and  Elizabeth  Lee.  His  father  was 
one  of  the  pioneer  Methodists,  and  at  the  meet 
ings  held  at  his  house  Jesse  was  accustomed  to 
speak  and  exhort  while  a  mere  boy.  In  1777  he 
removed  to  North  Carolina,  where  he  engaged  in 
farming  and  was  appointed  a  class-leader  in  the 
Roanoke  circuit.  He  preached  his  first  regular 
sermon  Nov.  17,  1779,  and  in  1780  he  was 
drafted  in  the  state  militia.  His  religious  con 
victions  would  not  allow  him  to  carry  a  gun  and 
he  was  placed  under  arrest  but  the  next  day  was- 
detailed  as  driver  of  a  baggage- wagon.  He 
subsequently  served  as  sergeant  in  charge  of 
prisoners  and  lie  received  his  honorable  discharge, 
Oct.  29, 1780.  He  was  a  circuit  preacher,  1780-83  ; 
attended  the  Virginia  conference  of  1782  and  on 
May  6,  1783,  was  admitted  to  the  conference  on 
trial.  He  served  in  the  Caswell  and  Salisbury 
circuits;  journeyed  to  Charleston,  S.  C.,  with 
Bishop  Asbury  in  1785;  travelled  Kent  county, 
Md.,  circuit,  1786,  the  Baltimore  circuit,  1787, 
and  the  Flanders  circuit,  New  Jersey  and  New 
York,  1788.  He  helped  to  introduce  Methodism 
in  New  England  in  1789,  and  reached  Boston 
in  1790,  where  he  found  no  meeting-house  open 
to  him  and  preached  under  the  "Elm  Tree"  on 
the  Common.  He  attended  the  New  York  con 
ference  in  1790,  being  ordained  deacon  privately 
October  4,  and  elder  publicly,  Oct.  5,  1790.  He- 
laid  the  corner  stone  of  the  first  Methodist  church 
in  Boston,  Aug.  8,  1794;  visited  the  Southern 
States  as  a  substitute  for  Bishop  Asbury,  in  1798, 
and  attended  conferences  and  visited  circuits  both 
North  and  South.  In  1800  he  obtained  a  tie 
vote  with  Richard  Whatcoat  for  bishop,  and  on 
the  next  vote  was  defeated  by  Whatcoat  by 
two  votes.  He  was  presiding  elder  of  the  Norfolk,. 
Va.,  district,  1801-03;  of  the  Williamsburg,  Va., 
circuit,  1804-07,  and  of  the  Cumberland,  Md.,  cir 
cuit,  1807-16.  He  was  chaplain  of  the  U.S. 
house  of  representatives  in  the  10th  and  12th  con 
gresses,  1807-09  and  1811-13.  and  of  the  U.  «4. 
senate  in  the  13th  and  14th  congresses,  1813  16 


LEE 


LEE 


He  is  the  author  of  History  of  Methodism  in 
America  (1809).  His  nephew,  the  Rev.  Leroy 
Madison  Lee  (1808-1882).  a  prominent  Methodist  in 
Virginia,  published  Life  and  Times  of  Jesse  Lee 
(1848).  He  died  in  Hillsboro,  Mel.,  Sept.  12,  1816. 

LEE,  John  Clarence,  educator,  was  burn  in 
Woodstock,  Vt.,  Oct.  15.  185(5;  son  of  John 
Stebbins  and  Elinina  (Bennett)  Lee.  He  was 
graduated  from  St.  Lawrence  university,  A.B.. 
1876,  A.M.,  1871):  from  Harvard.  A.B..  187s.  and 
from  the  Canton  Theological  school  connected 
with  St.  Lawrence  university,  B.D.,  in  1880.  He 
was  ordained  to  the  Universalist  ministry  at 
Perry,  N.Y.,  in  1881,  and  held  pastorates  at 
Perry,  1880-83,  and  at  St.  Albans,  Vt.,  1883- 
84.  He  was  married,  Nov.  25,  1889,  to  Helena 
Crumett  of  Hyde  Park,  Mass.  He  was  pro 
fessor  of  English  literature  and  rhetoric  at 
Lombard  university,  Galesburg,  111.,  1884-96  ; 
professor  of  homiletics  and  church  history  in 
Ryder  Divinity  school  of  Lombard  university, 
1884-96  ;  vice-president  of  the  university,  1892- 
96,  and  president  of  St.  Lawrence  university, 
1896-1900.  In  June,  1900,  he  accepted  a  call  to 
the  Church  of  the  Restoration,  Philadelphia, 
Pa.,  and  began  his  pastorate,  Sept.  1,  1900. 
He  received  the  degree  of  Ph.D.  from  St. 
Lawrence  university  in  1895,  and  that  of  S.T.D. 
from  Tufts  college,  in  1896. 

LEE,  John  Stebbins,  educator,  was  born  at 
Vernon,  Vt.,  Sept.  23,  1820;  son  of  Eli  and 
Rebekah  (Stebbins)  Lee  :  grandson  of  Jesse  and 
Eunice  (Morgan)  Lee,  and  a  descendant  of  Samuel 
Lee,  born  in  Waltham,  Mass.,  in  1670,  and  of 
Rowland  Stebbins  who  came  to  America  in  1634, 
and  died  in  Northampton,  Mass.,  Dec.  14,  1671. 
He  was  graduated  from  Amherst  college  in  1845, 
•was  principal  of  Mount  Csesar  seminary,  Swanzey, 
N.H.,  1845-47;  was  ordained  to  the  Universalist 
ministry  at  West  Brattleboro,  Vt.,  June  23,  1847, 
.and  was  principal  of  Melrose  seminary,  1847-49. 
He  was  married,  Feb.  22,  1848,  to  Elinina, 
daughter  of  Moses  and  Nancy  (Wheeler)  Bennett, 
of  West  Moreland.  N.  H.  He  held  pastorates  in 
West  Brattleboro,  Vt.,  Lebanon,  N.  H..  andMont- 
pelier,  Vt.,  1849-52;  conducted  the  Green  Moun 
tain  institute  at  South  Woodstock,  Vt.,  1852-57  ; 
was  pastor  at  South  Woodstock,  Bridgewater, 
and  Woodstock,  Vt.,  1852-59;  president  of  St. 
Lawrence  university,  Canton,  N.Y.,  1859-68  ; 
travelled  in  Europe  and  the  Holy  Land,  1868-69  ; 
and  became  professor  of  ecclesiastical  history 
and  biblical  archaeology  at  St.  Lawrence  univer 
sity,  in  April,  1869.  He  was  assistant  editor  of 
the  Christian  Repository,  Montpelier,  Vt.,  1850-52. 
He  received  the  degree  of  D.D.  from  Buchtel 
college.  Akron,  Ohio,  in  1875.  He  is  the  author 
of  :  Nature  and  Art  in  tJte  Old  World  (1871)  ; 
Sacred  Cities  (1877). 


rani 


LEE,  Richard  Bland,  representative,  was  born 
at  Leesylvania,  Va.,  Jan.  20,  1761  ;  son  of  Henry 
and  Lucy  (Grymes)  Lee.  He  served  in  the  Vir 
ginia  Assembly  as  early  as  1784,  and  for  several 
succeeding  years.  He  was  married  June  19.  1794, 
to  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Stephen  and  Mary 
(Parish)  Collins,  of  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  was  a 
representative  from  Virginia  in  the  1st,  3d  and 
3d  congresses,  1780-95.  He  delivered  the  message 
addressed  to  (Jen.  Lafayette  by  the  committee  of 
Maryland,  on  the  occasion  of  his  visit  to  Balti 
more,  Oct.  8,  1824.  He  died  at  Leesylvania 
Va,,  March  12,  1827. 

LEE,  Richard  Henry,  signer,  was  born  at 
Stratford,  Westmoreland  county,  Va.,  Jan.  20, 
1732  ;  fifth  son  of  Thomas  and  Hannah  (Lud- 
well)  Lee.  After  a  course  of  private  tuition,  he 
was  sent  to  Wakefield  academy,  Yorkshire,  Eng 
land,  and  returned 
to  Virginia  in  1751. 
In  1753  he  raised  a 
company  to  join  Gen 
eral  Braddock  in  his 
expedition  against 
the  Indians  and  the 
French,  but  their  aid 
was  declined  by  the 
haughty  Englishman. 
In  1757  he  was  ap 
pointed  a  justice  of 
the  peace  for  West 
moreland  county  and 
about  this  time  was 
chosen  a  member  of 
the  house  of  bur 
gesses.  He  continued  a  member  of  that  body, 
when  not  a  representative  in  congress,  until 
1792,  when  he  finally  retired  from  active  public 
life.  In  his  first  speech  in  the  house  of  burgesses 
he  proposed  "  to  lay  so  heavy  a  tax  upon  the  im 
portation  of  slaves  as  effectually  to  put  an  end  to 
that  iniquitous  and  disgraceful  traffic  within  the 
colony."  He  brought  before  the  assembly  the 
act  of  Parliament,  claiming  their  right  to  tax 
America,  and  he  served  on  the  special  committee 
appointed  to  draft  an  address  to  the  king,  a 
memorial  to  the  house  of  lords,  and  a  remon 
strance  to  the  commons,  and  was  selected  to  pre 
pare  the  first  and  last  of  these  papers.  In  Feb 
ruary,  1766,  he  organized  the  "  Westmoreland 
Association  "  of  patriots  and  wrote  their  resolu 
tions.  The  articles  expressed  a  determination  to 
"  exert  every  faculty  to  prevent  the  execution  of 
the  "  Stamp  Act  in  any  instance  whatsoever 
within  this  colony."  On  July  25,  1768,  he  wrote 
to  John  Dickinson,  of  Pennsylvania,  suggesting 
not  only  that  select  committees  should  be  ap 
pointed  to  correspond  and  communicate  with  their 
sister  colonies  in  America,  respecting  the  acts 


E,  LEE. 


LEE 


LEE 


June  30,  1831,  lie  was  married  at  Arlington 
House,  Va.,  by  the  Rev.  Mr.  Keith,  to  Mary  Ann 
Randolph,  only  daughter  of  George  Washington 
Parke  and  Mary  Lee  (Fitzhugh)  Custis.  and  a  de 
scendant  of  John  Custis,  who 
came  to  Virginia  from  Eng 
land  in  the  seventeenth  cent 
ury,  and  during  Bacon's  re 
bellion,  1675-70,  was  commis 
sioned  a  major-general  of  col 
onial  troops  ;  and  was  ap 
pointed  collector  of  customs 
for  the  eastern  shore  of  Vir 
ginia  in  1687.  This  alliance 
subsequently  made  Lee  master 
of  Arlington  estate  and  of  the 
White  House  estate  on  the  Pa- 
munky  river.  In  September,  1831,  he  was  ordered 
to  duty  on  the  defences  at  Hampton  Roads, 
where  he  remained,  1831-35.  He  was  promoted 
1st  lieutenant  in  1835  and  became  assistant  to 
the  chief  engineer  of  the  army  at  Washington. 
He  was  commissioned  captain  of  engineers  in  1836 
and  made  astronomer  of  a  joint  commission  cre 
ated  by  the  legislatures  of  Ohio  and  Michigan  to 
determine  the  boundary  line  between  those  states. 
In  1837-40  he  was  employed  on  the  upper  Missis 
sippi  in  constructing  levees  above  St.  Louis,  Mo., 
to  reclaim  submerged  plantations  and  define  the 
course  of  the  river.  He  was  on  topographical 
duty  in  Washington,  1840-41,  and  on  fortifications 
in  New  York  harbor,  1841-45.  In  January,  1846, 
he  was  ordered  to  report  to  Gen.  Zachary  Taylor 
on  the  Rio  Grande  opposite  Matamoras,  Mexico, 
and  he  was  made  chief  engineer  on  the  staff  of 
General  Wool  and  took  part  in  the  engagement 
at  Palo  Alto,  May  8,  at  Reseca  de  la  Palma,  May 
9,  and  in  the  capture  of  Matamoras,  May  18.  On 
the  change  of  base  from  the  Rio  Grande  to  Vera 
Cruz,  Captain  Lee  was  made  chief  engineer  on 
the  staff  of  General  Winfield  Scott  and  the  com 
bined  U.S.  army  was  landed  in  75  surf-boats,  100 
men  in  each  boat,  under  the  cover  of  the  fleet  of 
Commodore  Conner,  at  Sacrificios,  ten  miles  be 
low  Vera  Cruz,  March  9,  1847.  On  March  13, 
Captain  Lee,  supported  by  the  Palmetto  regiment 
of  South  Carolina  and  the  1st  New  York  volun 
teers,  m  ide  a  reconnoissance  of  the  Mexican 
lines,  designated  the  position  of  the  assaulting 
batteries  to  be  constructed  of  sand-bags  within 
1000  yards  of  the  rock  masonry  walls  of  the  city, 
and  on  March  22  he  bore  under  a  flag  of  truce  a 
demand  for  the  surrender  of  the  castle  and  city. 
This  being  denied  two  days  were  given  to  remove 
the  women  and  children,  when,  on  March  25,  the 
army  and  navy  opened  fire,  and  on  March  29  the 
Mexican  forces  capitulated  and  the  U.S.  army  oc 
cupied  the  place.  They  were  without  means  of 
transportation,  the  paroled  Mexican  army  having 


cleared  the  country  of  horses  and  mules.  The- 
situation  was  desperate  as  yellow  fever  threat 
ened  the  place.  In  this  emergency  Captain  Lee 
became  responsible  for  the  honesty  of  a  Texan 
soldier.  Col.  Tom  Kinney,  and  the  commanding 
general  on  his  recommendation  paid  over  to 
Kinney  $50,000  in  gold  for  6000  mules  to  be  de 
livered  within  three  days.  The  contract  was  car 
ried  out  by  bribing  the  paroled  Mexicans,  and 
the  army  moved  toward  the  city  of  Mexico.  On 
reaching  Cerro  Gordo  Pass,  April  14,  1847,  the 
engineering  skill  of  Lee  surmounted  the  advan 
tage  of  position  and  the  Mexican  army  under 
Santa  Anna  was  defeated,  as  it  was  at  every 
stand  through  the  valley  to  the  city  of  Mexico. 
Contreras,  Churubusco,  Molina  del  Rey,Chapul- 
tepec,  where  he  was  slightly  wounded,  were  a 
succession  of  victories  due  largely  to  his  engi 
neering  skill,  and  on  Sept.  13,  1847,  at  the  head  of 
the  storming  party,  he  planted  the  Palmetto  flag  of 
South  Carolina  on  the  wall  of  Mexico  city,  and  in 
the  triumphal  entry  into  the  ancient  capital  the 
next  day  Captain  Lee  rode  at  the  right  of  General 
Scott  at  the  head  of  his  army  of  10,000  men.  In 
1858  referring  to  this  campaign  General  Scott 
said:  "My  success  in  the  Mexican  war  was 
largely  due  to  the  skill  and  valor  of  Robert  E. 
Lee.  He  is  the  greatest  military  genius  in  Amer 
ica  ;  the  best  soldier  I  ever  saw  in  the  field  ;  and 
if  opportunity  offers  he  will  show  himself  the 
foremost  captain  of  his  time."  He  was  brevetted 


ARLIAJ<,TOAI      HOUSE 


major,  lieutenant-colonel  and  colonel  of  engi 
neers  for  his  services  in  this  campaign  and  re 
turned  to  his  home  in  Arlington.  Va.  In  the 
autumn  of  1848  he  was  ordered  to  Baltimore 
where  he  engaged  in  constructing  a  system 
of  defensive  works  ;  and  he  was  superintendent 
of  the  U.S.  Military  academy,  1852-55.  He  was 
promoted  lieutenant-colonel  in  February,  is.l.l, 
and  assigned  to  the  2d  U.S.  cavalry.  Col.  Albert 
Sidney  Johnston.  The  regiment  was  stationed 
at  Jefferson  Barracks,  Mo. ,  and  in  October  was. 
ordered  to  Fort  Mason,  Texas,  but  Lee  was  de 
tained  on  court-martial  duty  until  April.  lS5fi, 
when  he  rejoined  his  regiment  in  Texas  and  was. 
engaged  in  repressing  Indian  outbreaks  until 
October,  1859.  He  then  visited  Arlington  to 


LEE 


LEE 


settle  the  estate  of  his  father-in-law,  who  had 
died  in  1857,  leaving  him  first  executor  of  his 
will.  On  Oct.  17,  1859,  he  received  orders  to 
report  to  the  adjutant-general  at  Washington 
without  delay  and  he  was  ordered  to  Harper's 
Ferry  in  command  of  three  companies  of  U.S. 
marines  to  suppress  a  threatened  attack  on  the 
U.S.  arsenal.  He  found  the  arsenal  in  the  posses 
sion  of  a  revolutionary  party  led  by  John  Brown, 
and  his  followers  numbering  about  forty-five 
men.  Colonel  Lee  called  upon  him  through  Lieut. 

J.  E.  B.  Stuart, 
under  a  flag  of 
,  truce,  to  sur 
render,  which 
J  row  11  refused 
to  do  unless 
!  guaranteed  safe 
j|j  conduct  with 
*his  prisoners 
'and  men  across 
the  river  into 
Maryland  and  not  to  be  pursued  until  his  party 
had  gained  a  point  half  a  mile  from  the  ar 
senal.  This  Lee  refused  to  consider  and  at  once 
opened  an  assault  on  the  engine  house  on  the 
arsenal  grounds,  in  which  the  survivors  of  the 
defending  band,  seventeen  whites  and  three 
negroes,  were  taken  prisoners  at  the  point  of  the 
bayonet.  Colonel  Lee  then  entered  the  building 
and  had  Brown  and  his  wounded  followers  cared 
for  in  the  arsenal  by  a  surgeon  of  the  marine 
corps  and  afterward  delivered  them  over  to  Judge 
Robert  J.  Ould,  the  U.S.  district  attorney.  The 
prisoners  were  given  over  to  the  charge  of  the 
state  courts,  and  tried  and  convicted  on  a  charge 
of  treason,  murder  and  inciting  insurrection 
among  slaves,  and  the  state  militia  supplanted 
the  U.S.  troops  as  guard  and  Colonel  Lee  and  the 
U.S.  troops  had  no  part  in  the  execution  of  John 
Brown.  He  left  Harper's  Ferry,  Dec.  3,  1859, 
.and  soon  after  Christmas  of  that  year  rejoined 
his  regiment  at  San  Antonio,  Texas,  where  lie 
remained  in  the  service  till  ordered  to  Washing 
ton,  where  he  arrived,  March  1,  1861,  and  re 
ported  to  Lieutenant-General  Scott,  commanding 
the  U.S.  army.  Seven  states  had  at,  this  time 
passed  the  ordinance  of  secession  and  on  Feb.  4, 
1861,  had  formed  a  union  as  "The  Confederate 
States  of  America."  Abraham  Lincoln  would  be 
inaugurated  President,  March  4,  1861,  and  Win- 
field  Scott,  the  general-in-chief  of  the  U.S.  army, 
desired  the  advice  of  the  officers  of  the  U.S. 
army.  Colonel  Lee  assured  General  Scott  that  if 
Virginia  seceded  from  the  Union  and  the  gov 
ernment  decided  to  coerce  the  states  by  military 
force,  his  sense  of  duty  would  oblige  him  to  go 
with  his  state.  On  March  10,  1861,  Colonel  Lee 
was  assigned  to  duty  as  a  member  of  the  board  to 


revise  the  "  Regulations  for  the  government  of 
the  United  States  army  "  and  he  filed  the  report 
of  the  board,  April  18,  1861.  On  April  15  Presi 
dent  Lincoln  called  upon  the  loyal  states  for  75,000 
volunteers  and  Virginia  was  called  upon  for  her 
quota.  This  demand  caused  the  meeting  of  the 
citizens  in  convention,  April  17,  and  the  conven 
tion  passed  the  ordinance  of  secession  by  a  unan 
imous  vote.  President  Lincoln,  hoping  that 
the  overt  act  of  the  seceding  states  had  caused 
Lee's  spirit  of  loyalty  to  the  Union  to  overbalance 
his  sense  of  loyalty  to  his  native  state,  at  once 
offered  him  the  command  of  the  U.S.  army,  which 
General  Scott  wished  to  transfer  to  a  younger 
man  and  had  repeatedly  named  Robert  E.  Lee  as 
his  successor.  This  offer  was  made  at  army 
headquarters  in  the  chain  building,  through 
Francis  Preston  Blair,  Sr.,  April  18,1861.  Col 
onel  Lee  replied  that  he  was  opposed  to  secession 
and  deprecated  war,  but  that  he  could  take  no 
part  in  the  invasion  of  the  Southern  states,  con 
sidering  such  an  act  a  breach  of  his  oath  to 
"  support  and  defend  the  constitution  of  the 
United  States  "  as  interpreted  by  Attorney-Gen 
eral  Black.  He  then  went  to  General  Scott  and 
reported  his  decision  and  on  April  20,  1861,  he 
tendered  the  resignation  of  his  commission  in  the 
U.S.  army  to  Simon  Cameron,  the  Secretary  of 
War,  at  the  same  time  addressing  a  letter  to 
General  Scott,  asking  him  to  recommend  its  ac 
ceptance.  On  April  23,  upon  the  invitation  of  a 
committee  of  the  Virginia  convention,  he  visited 
Richmond  where  he  accepted  the  commission  of 
commander-in-chief  of  the  military  and  naval 
forces  of  Virginia  with  the  rank  of  major-gen 
eral.  On  April  24,  1861,  in  his  address  before  the 
convention  assembled  in  Richmond,  accepting 
the  trust,  he  closed  with  these  words:  "Trust 
ing  in  Almighty  God,  an  approving  conscience 
and  the  aid  of  my  fellow-citizens,  I  devote  my 
self  to  the  service  of  my  native  state  in  whose 
behalf  alone  will  I  ever  again  draw  my  sword." 
On  May  20,  1861,  the  people  of  Virginia  by  a  vote 
of  150,000  to  20,000  ratified  the  ordinance  of 
secession,  and  the  same  day  the  U.S.  navy  yard  at 
Norfolk  was  evacuated  by  the  U.S.  authorities 
and  taken  possession  of  by  the  Virginia  state 
troops.  On  May  22  the  state  entered  the  Confed 
eracy  and  on  May  24,  10,000  Federal  soldiers 
crossed  the  Potomac  and  took  possession  of  Alex 
andria,  Va.  On  May  29,  President  Davis  with 
his  cabinet  arrived  in  Richmond,  which  became 
the  capital  of  the  Confederate  States  of  America. 
On  June  8,  1861,  Virginia  transferred  her  military 
forces  to  the  new  government  and  General  Lee 
remained  the  ranking  officer  of  the  Virginia 
military  forces,  and  as  such  became  military  ad 
visor  to  Governor  Letcher.  commander-in-chief. 
In  selecting  the  defensive  lines  for  the  state,  he 


LEE 


LEE 


designated  Manassas  Junction,  where,  on  July  21. 
1861,  the  first  great  battle  was  fought  and  won 
by  the  Confederacy.  After  the  death  of  Gen. 
Robert  S.  Garnett,  Lee  was  ordered  to  assume 
command  of  the  troops  in  western  Virginia  com 
prising  about  0500  men  commanded  by  Generals 
Johnson,  Loring,  Wise  and  Floyd.  He  had  be 
fore  been  commissioned  a  general  in  the  Confed 
erate  army  but  was  out-ranked  by  both  Generals 
Cooper  and  Albert  Sidney  Johnston.  He  found 
the  Federal  forces  commanded  by  Gen.  W.  S. 
Rosecrans,  who  like  Lee  was  a  skilful  engineer, 
but  now  in  command  of  an  army  double  the 
number  under  Lee,  and  both  commanders  acted 
on  the  defensive,  chiefly  on  account  of  incessant 
rains  and  the  state  of  the  roads.  After  the  season 
for  active  operations  in  the  mountains  was 
over,  Lee  was  put  in  charge  of  the  defences 
of  South  Carolina  and  Georgia.  In  the  spring 
of  1862  he  was  made  military  adviser  of  Pres 
ident  Davis.  On  June  1,  1862.  after  Gen. 
Joseph  E.  Johnston  had  been  severely  wounded 
and  the  command  of  the  Confederate  army 
had  devolved  on  (Jen.  Gustavus  W.  Smith,  who 
renewed  the  battle  of  Seven  Pines  with  but 
partial  success,  President  Davis  appointed  Gen. 
Robert  E.  Lee  to  the  command  of  the  Army  of 
Northern  Virginia  and  he  drove  the  army  of  Mc- 
Clellan  to  the  protection  of  the  Federal  gunboats 
at  Harrison's  Landing  on  the  James  river.  Lee 
had  inflicted  on  his  adversary  a  loss  of  1 50  ord 
nance  and  commissary  wagons  and  12,000  stands 
of  arms,  burned  to  prevent  change  of  ownership, 
and  15,900  killed  and  wounded,  10,800  prisoners, 
54  pieces  of  artillery,  and  36.000  stands  of  arms 
captured  by  the  Confederate  army.  On  July  13 
he  detached  General  Jackson  with  10,000  men  to 
operate  against  Pope  who  had  succeeded  to  the 
command  of  the  Federal  army  and  was  advancing 
on  Richmond  by  way  of  Manassas  Junction,  and 
in  August  he  advanced  with  the  main  body  of 
his  army,  about  35,000  strong,  to  give  battle  to 
the  new  commander.  The  issue  was  joined  at 
Manassas,  Aug.  29-30,  and  Pope's  army  made  a 
hasty  retreat  to  Washington.  Lee  then  moved 
into  Maryland,  crossing  the  Potomac,  Sept.  8, 1862, 
at  Leesburg  ford.  He  issued  a  proclamation  to 
the  citizens  of  Maryland  to  rally  to  the  flag  of  the 
Confederacy,  closing  his  appeal  with  these  words  : 
"  While  the  people  of  the  Confederate  States  will 
rejoice  to  welcome  you  to  your  natural  position 
among  them,  they  will  only  welcome  you  when 
you  come  of  your  own  free  will."  Meanwhile 
Pope  had  been  relieved  of  the  command  of  the 
Army  of  Virginia  and  General  McClellan  was 
appointed  his  successor  and  had  under  his  com 
mand  87,164  men.  General  Lee  had  an  army  of 
35.255  men  and  had  taken  position  near  Sharps- 
burg,  Md.,  between  the  Potomac  river  and  An- 


tietam  creek.  On  September  17,  McClellan  opened 
the  battle  along  his  entire  line  and  the  conflict 
continued  during  the  day.  and  under  the  cover  of 
the  next  night  Lee  withdrew  his  army  to  the 
Virginia  side  of  the  Potomac  without  disorder, 
completing  the  retreat  Sept.  19,  1862.  On  October 
8.  Lee  ordered  Stuart  with  5,000  horsemen  to  re- 
cross  into  Maryland  and  harass  McClellan's  army, 
and  he  accomplished  his  purpose  and  entered  the 
state  of  Pennsylvania  almost  unopposed.  On 
Oct.  26,  1862,  McClellan  crossed  the  Potomac  and 
encamped  in  Loudonn  county,  Va.,  and  on  Nov. 
2,  1862,  he  was  succeeded  by  General  Burnside. 
Then  followed  the  battle  of  Fredericksburg,  where 
Burnside  mustered  116.6N3  men  and  was  opposed 
by  Lee  with  78,513  men.  The  battle  was  fought 
and  won  by  General  Lee.  Dec.  13.  1862.  In  1*62 
General  Lee  executed  a  paper  emancipating  all 
the  slaves  held  by  his  estate.  196  in  number,  in 
accordance  with  the  will  of  his  father-in-law, 
G.  W.  P.  Custis,  by  which,  live  years  after  Mr. 
Custis's  death,  which  occurred  Oct.  10,  1857.  all 
his  slaves  were  to  be  freed.  This  was  Lee's 
second  act  as  an  emancipator,  he  having  freed 
the  slaves  owned  by  himself  in  1854,  while  an 
officer  in  the  U.  S.  army.  On  May  2-5,  1863.  the 
Army  of  the  Potomac,  under  Hooker,  recruited 
to  the  strength  of  138.378  men,  opposed  General 
Lee's  army  of  53.000  men,  170  pieces  of  artillery 
and  2700  cavalry  at  Chancellorsville,  and  the 
force  of  Hooker  was  first  placed  on  the  defensive 
and  finally  forced  to  intrench  on  the  Rappahan- 
nock.  On  June  2.  1863,  Lee  moved  his  army 
northward  toward  (he  Potomac;,  and  on  June  13 
Hooker  followed.  The  Army  of  Northern  Vir 
ginia  invaded  Pennsylvania  late  in  June  to  re 
lieve  Virginia  of  the  burden  of  war.  Lee  readied 
Gettysburg  July  1,  1863,  by  way  of  Carlisle  and 
Chambersburg,  where  he  found  the  Army  of  the 
Potomac  under  General  Meade,  who  had  suc 
ceeded  General  Hooker.  Meade  brought  into 
action  an  army  of  89,000  men  with  over  15.- 
01)0  in  reserve  and  Lee  faced  him  with  62.500 
men  and  no  reserve.  Each  army  lost  over  20.000 
men  and  the  battle  was  won  by  the  Federal  army 
after  three  days'  incessant  lighting.  The  Army 
of  Northern  Virginia  retreated  up  the  valley  and 
General  Lee  acted  on  the  defensive  for  nearly  a 
year.  On  Aug.  8,  1863.  General  Lee  tendered 
his  resignation  to  President  Davis  by  reason  of 
physical  disability.  President  Davis,  in  declining 
to  receive  his  resignation,  under  date  of  Rich 
mond,  Va.,  Aug.  11,  1S63,  says:  "To  ask  me  to 
substitute  you  by  some  one  in  my  judgment 
more  lit  to  command,  or  who  would  possess  more 
of  the  confidence  of  the  army  or  of  the  reflecting 
men  of  the  country,  is  to  demand  an  impossibil 
ity."  General  Lee  confronted  General  Grant  at 
the  Wilderness,  May  5,  1864,  and  the  battles  that 


LEE 


LEE 


followed  up  to  June  3,  1864,  ended  with  the  san 
guinary  battle  of  Cold  Harbor  in  which  Grant's 
army  lost  16,000  men  killed  and  wounded  in  a  suc 
cession  of  assaults  on  the  entrenched  army  of  Gen 
eral  Lee.  In  forcing  Lee's  army  of  63,000  men 
seventy-five  miles,  General  Grant  with  149,000 
men  lost  61,000.  Then  followed  the  investment 
of  the  Army  of  Northern  Virginia  within  the  lines 
of  Richmond  and  Petersburg,  where  the  armies 
of  the  Potomac  and  James  slowly  crushed  out 
its  life  after  a  ten  months'  siege,  ending  with  the 
evacuation  of  Richmond,  April  2,  and  the  sur 
render  of  its  remnant  of  an  army  comprising  10,- 

000  officers  and   men  at   Appomattox,  April  12, 
1865.     General  Lee's  last  words  to  his  army  were  : 
"Men,  we  have   fought  together  for  four  years. 

1  have  tried  to  do  the  best  I  could  for  you."     On 
Aug.   24,   1865,    General  Lee  accepted  the  presi 
dency  of  Washington  college  at  Lexington,  Va., 
at  a  salary  of  $1500  per  annum,  declining  at  the 
same  time  several  offers  with  much  larger  sala 
ries.    He  was  formally  inaugurated  Sept.  18,  1895, 
and  under  his  administration  the  college  greatly 
prospered.     He  received  the  honorary  degree  of 
LL.D.from  Mercer  university, Ga..  in  1866.  In  1871 
the  general     assembly  of  Virginia  changed  the 
name  of  the  institution  to  Washington  and  Lee  uni 
versity,  and  as  a  further  memorial  a  recumbent 
statue  of  General  Lee  by  Valentine  was  presented 


CHAPEL  AT  WASHINqTO/N  ANP  LEE  UNIVERSITY. 

to  the  university  by  the  Lee  Memorial  association 
and  his  remains  placed  in  a  vault  under  the  statue. 
This  statue  was  unveiled  by  the  association  with 
appropriate  ceremony  in  June,  1873.  An  eques 
trian  statue  by  Mercie  surmounting  a  massive 
pedestal  erected  in  Capitol  Square,  Richmond, 
Va..  was  unveiled  and  dedicated  May  29,  1890. 
On  June  19,  1901,  bronze  busts  of  Washington 
and  Lee  were  unveiled  at  the  university  ;  the 
former  being  the  gift  of  Oscar  Straus  of  New  York, 
and  the  latter  of  Frank  T.  Howard,  class  of  1874, 
of  New  Orleans.  The  busts  were  placed  on  either 
side  of  the  archway  leading  to  the  rotunda. 
In  the  selection  of  names  for  a  place  in  the  Hall 
of  Fame  for  great  Americans,  New  York  univers 
ity,  made  in  October,  1900,  his  was  one  of  the 
twenty  names  in  "  Class  N,  Soldiers  and  Sail 


ors/'  and  secured  a  place,  receiving  sixty-nine 
votes,  Grant  with  ninety-two  and  Farragut  witn 
seventy-nine  alone  in  the  class  securing  more 
votes.  In  1869  Gen.  G.  W.  C.  Lee  prepared  a  new 
edition  of  and  added  a  memoir  to  his  father's 
work,  "  War  in  the  Southern  Department  of  the 
United  States"  (2  vols..  1812).  See  also  ;  biogra 
phies  by  John  Esten  Cooke  (1871),  Edward  A. 
Pollard  (1871-),  John  W.  Jones  (1874),  and  E.  Lee 
Childe  (London,  1875) ;  "  Four  Years  with  General 
Lee,"  by  Walter  H.  Taylor  (1877) ;  "  Memoirs,"  by 
Gen.  A.  L.  Long  (1886),  and  "  Robert  E.  Lee  and 
the  Southern  Confederacy,"  by  Henry  A.  White 
(1899).  He  died  at  Lexington.  Va.,  Oct.  12,  1870. 
LEE,  Samuel  Phillips,  naval  officer,  was  born 
at  Sully,  Fairfax  county,  Va..  Feb.  13,  1812  ;  son 
of  Francis  Lightfoot  and  Jane  (Fitzgerald)  Lee, 
and  grandson  of  Richard  Henry  and  Anne  (Gas- 
kins)  Pinckard  Lee  and  of  Col.  John  and  Jane 
(Digger)  Fitzgerald.  He  was  appointed  midship 
man  from  Virginia,  Nov.  22,  1825  ;  was  promoted 
passed  midshipman,  June  4,  1831,  and  lieutenant, 
Feb.  9,  1837.  He  was  married,  April  27,  1843.  to 
Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Francis  Preston  and  Eliza 
Violet  (Gist)  Blair,  of  Silver  Springs,  near  Wash 
ington,  D.C.  He  was  given  command  of  the 
coast  schooner  Vanderbilt,  Aug.  4,  1844,  was  in 
command  of  the  coast  survey  schooner  Nautilus, 
and  of  the  coast  survey  brig  WasJiington,  and 
was  present  at  the  capture  of  Tobasco,  Mexico. 
He  was  promoted  commander,  Sept.  14,  1855,  and 
was  a  member  of  the  board  of  examiners,  1858- 
60.  He  was  given  command  of  the  sloop-of-war 
Vandalia,  with  orders  to  sail  to  the  East  Indies, 
Nov.  1,  1860,  but  upon  learning  of  the  outbreak 
of  the  civil  war  he  brought  his  ship  backand  was 
assigned  to  blockade  duty  off  Charleston,  S.C. 
He  was  ordered  to  command  the  sloop-of-war 
Oneida,  Jan.  20,  1862. 
In  the  expedition 
against  New  Orleans 
he  commanded  the 
advance  division  in 
the  attack  on  Forts 
Jackson  and  St.  Phil 
ip  and  by  driving  off 
two  rams  succeeded 
in  relieving  the  Var- 
una  and  capturing 
Lieutenant  Kennon, 
commander  of  the^ 
Con  federate  steamer 
Governor  Moore.  He 
commanded  the  advance  division  below  Vieks- 
burg  and  participated  in  both  passages  of 
the  Vicksburg  batteries,  the  Oneida  being  sec 
ond  in  line  on  both  occasions.  He  was  pro 
moted  captain.  July  16,  1862  ;  appointed  acting 
rear-admiral,  Sept.  2,  1862,  and  ordered  to  com- 


[251 


LEE 


LEE 


mand  the  North  Atlantic  blockading  squadron. 
He  originated  a  system  of  blockading  cruisers  by 
which  the  Confederacy  was  completely  isolated 
and  fifty-four  blockade  running  steamers  were 
captured.  He  was  detached,  Oct.  21,  1864,  and 
ordered  to  coin  mand  the  Mississippi  squadron, 
co-operating  witli  the  army  of  Thomas  in  its  oper 
ations  against  Hood  on  the  Cumberland  and 
Tennessee  rivers.  For  his  service  in  this  cam 
paign,  Lee  received  a  vote  of  thanks  from  con 
gress.  He  was  detached  from  the  Mississippi 
squadron,  Aug.  14,  1805,  and  promoted  commo 
dore.  July  2-5,  18CC.  He  was  president  of  the 
board  to  examine  volunteer  officers  for  admission 
into  the  regular  navy,  1868-C9  ;  president  of  the 
court  martial  held  in  New  York  city,  May  29, 
1868  ;  a  member  of  the  board  of  examiners  of  the 
Atlantic  navy  yards,  and  was  put  in  charge  of 
the  signal  service  at  Washington,  D.C.,  Oct.  13, 
1869.  He  was  promoted  rear-admiral,  April  22, 
1870  ;  was  ordered  on  special  duty  at  the  navy 
department  at  Washington,  D.C.,  June  27,  1870, 
and  commander  of  the  North  Atlantic  squadron 
from  Aug.  9,  1870,  to  Aug.  15,  1862,  when  he  was 
detached.  He  was  retired,  Feb.  13.  1873.  He  is 
the  author  of  :  The  Cruise  of  the  Dolphin,  pub 
lished  in  the  "  Reports  "  of  the  U.S.  navy  de 
partment  (1854)  and  a  report  on  the  condition  of 
the  Atlantic  navy  yards (1869).  He  died  at  Silver 
Springs,  near  Washington,  D.C.,  June  5,  1897. 

LEE,  Silas,  representative,  was  born  in  Con 
cord,  Mass.,  Jvdy  3,  1760;  son  of  Dr.  Joseph  and 
Lucy  (Jones)  Lee  and  great2-grandson  of  John  and 
Mary  (Hungerford)  Leigh,  who  settled  in  Ips 
wich,  Mass.,  about  1634.  He  was  graduated  from 
Harvard  college  in  1784  ;  was  a  practising  at 
torney  inBiddeford,  Maine,  in  1788,  and  at  Pown- 
alborough,  1789-1814.  He  was  a  representative 
in  the  Massachusetts  legislature,  1793-98  ;  and  in 
the  6th  and  7th  U.S.  congresses,  1799-1802.  He 
resigned  in  1802,  having  been  appointed  district 
attorney  for  the  Maine  district  by  President  Jef 
ferson  in  1801,  although  opposed  to  him  politic 
ally,  and  he  held  this  office  until  his  death.  He 
was  justice  of  the  peace  and  quorum  in  1803  ; 
judge  of  the  probate  court,  1804-14,  and  chief 
justice  of  the  court  of  common  pleas,  1810.  He 
died  in  Wiscasset,  Maine,  March  1,  1814. 

LEE,  Stephen  Dill,  soldier  and  educator,  was 
born  in  Charleston,  S.C.,  Sept.  22,  1833;  son  of 
Thomas  and  Caroline  (Alison)  Lee,  grandson  of 
Judge  Thomas  and  Kezia  (Miles)  Lee,  and  great- 
grandson  of  William  Lee,  a  leading  citizen  of 
Charleston,  who  wTas  confined  in  the  prison  ship, 
and  transferred  to  St.  Augustine,  Fla.,  by  the 
the  British  during  the  American  Revolution. 
Stephen  Dill  Lee  was  graduated  at  the  U.S. 
Military  academy  in  1854.  and  promoted  2d 
lieutenant,  4th  U.S.  artillery  ;  was  promoted  1st 


lieutenant,  Oct.  31,  1856;  served  in  the  Seminole 
war,  1850-57  ;  was  appointed  assistant  adjutant- 
general  of  the  Department  of  Florida,  August, 
1857;  served  as  quartermaster  of  the  4th  artil 
lery,  1857-61,  and  was  on  frontier  duty,  1857-01. 
He  resigned  his  com 
mission,  Feb.  20,  18- 
61,  and  was  appoint 
ed  a  captain  in  the 
South  Carolina  army. 
He  was  aide-de-camp 
to  General  Beau  re 
gard,  and  prior  to  the 
bombardment  of  Fort 
Sumter,  in  company 
with  Col.  James  Chest 
nut,  he  carried  the 
formal  demand  to 
Major  Anderson  for 
the  sin-render  of  the 
fort.  He  served  as 
quartermaster,  com 
missary,  engineer  officer,  and  distributing  of 
ficer  for  the  army  in  Charleston  ;  was  com 
missioned  captain  in  the  Confederate  States 
army,  and  was  given  command  of  the  light  bat 
tery  of  Hampton's  South  Carolina  legion.  He 
was  promoted  successive!}'  major,  lieutenant- 
colonel  and  colonel  of  artillery,  and  participated 
in  the  Peninsula  campaign,  in  the  battles  of  Seven 
Pines,  Savage's  Station  and  Malvern  Hill.  He 
commanded  a  battalion  of  artillery  in  Lee's  army 
during  the  campaign  against  Pope,  a  battalion 
at  the  second  battle  of  Manassas,  and  at  Sharps- 
burg.  He  was  commissioned  brigadier-general 
for  gallantry  at  the  battle  of  Sharpsburg,  Nov.  6, 
1863  ;  commanded  the  garrison  and  batteries  at 
Vicksburg,  Miss.,  1862-63;  was  in  command  of 
the  provisional  division  at  Chickasaw  Bluffs,  and 
repelled  the  attack  made  by  General  Sherman's 
army,  with  one  brigade  of  the  Vicksburg  garri 
son,  Dec.  28-29,  1862.  He  had  command  of  the 
entire  line  from  Vicksburg  to  Snyder's  Mill.  At 
the  battle  of  Champion  Hills,  May  16,  1863,  bis 
brigade  in  Stephensoii's  division  bore  the  brunt 
of  the  battle,  and  nearly  half  of  his  men  were 
killed,  wounded  or  prisoners.  In  the  siege  of 
Vicksburg  a  part  of  his  brigade  was  driven  from 
their  intrenchments  in  the  assault  by  Grant,  May 
22,  1863,  but  recovered  the  position  before  the 
close  of  the  day,  and  after  the  fall  of  Vicksburg 
he  was  exchanged  and  promoted  major-general, 
Aug.  3, 1863.  He  was  in  command  of  the  cavalry 
forces  in  Mississippi,  West  Tennessee,  Alabama 
and  East  Louisiana.  While  in  command  of  cav 
alry  he  organized  several  regiments.  He  was 
in  command  at  the  battle  of  Tupelo,  Miss.,  July 
14,  1861,  where  with  about  6000  cavalry  and  dis 
mounted  men  he  fought  a  drawn  battle  with  a 


36] 


LEE 


LEE 


superior  force,  compelling  Gen.  A.  J.  Smith  to 
retreat  to  Memphis,  Tenn.  He  was  promoted 
lieutenant-general,  June  23,  18(54  ;  commanded  a 
corps  in  the  battles  around  Atlanta,  and  lead  the 
assault  at  Ezra  Church,  July  28.  1864.  During 
the  invasion  of  Tennessee  he  was  in  command  of 
a  corps  in  Hood's  army,  was  severely  wounded 
at  Nashville,  and  was  succeeded  in  command  by 
Gen.  C.  L.  Stevenson,  who  conducted  the  retreat 
across  the  Tennessee.  General  Lee  resumed  com 
mand  of  his  corps  iu  North  Carolina,  and  sur- 
r'ndered  with  Gen.  Joseph  E.  Johnston's  army 
at  High  Point.  N.C.  He  then  removed  to  Miss 
issippi,  and  was  married,  Feb.  9,  186."},  to  Regina, 
daughter  of  James  Thomas  and  Regina  (Blewett) 
Harrison,  of  Columbus,  Miss.  He  was  elected 
state  senator  in  1870,  and  was  the  first  president 
of  the  Mississippi  Agricultural  and  Mechanical 
college,  1880-99.  He  was  a  member  of  the  con 
stitutional  convention  which  framed  the  new 
constitution  of  Mississippi  in  1890.  chairman 
of  the  historical  committee,  Association  of  United 
Confederate  Veterans,  and  on  Nov.  5,  1894,  lieu 
tenant-general  commanding  the  Army  of  Ten 
nessee,  Department  of  the  United  Confederate 
Veterans.  The  degree  of  LL.D.  was  conferred  on 
him  by  Tulane  university  in  1896.  On  March  1, 
1899,  he  was  appointed  by  Secretary  of  War 
Alger  a  member  of  the  commission  for  organiz 
ing  the  Vicksburg  national  military  park. 

LEE,  Sydney  Smith,  naval  officer,  was  born 
at  "Stratford,"  Va.,  Sept.  2,  1802;  son  of  Gen. 
Henry  and  Anne  Hill  (Carter)  Lee.  He  entered 
the  U.S.  navy  as  midshipman,  Dec.  30,  1820  ;  was 
promoted  lieutenant.  May  17,  1828,  and  com 
mander,  June  4,  1850.  He  accompanied  Com 
modore  Perry  to  Japan  as  commander  of  his 
flagship.  He  was  subsequently  commandant  of 
the  U.S.  Naval  academy,  and  of  the  naval  yard 
at  Philadelphia.  He  was  dismissed  from  the 
navy,  April  22,  1861,  having  accepted  service  in 
the  Confederate  States  navy,  assumed  command 
of  the  Gosport  navy  yard,  Norfolk,  Va.,  May  27, 
1862;  commanded  Drewry's  Bluff,  1862-63,  and 
was  chief  of  the  bureau  of  orders  and  detail, 
1864-65.  He  attained  the  rank  of  captain.  He 
was  married  to  Anne  Marie  Mason,  of  Fairfax 
county,  Va.  He  died  at  Richland,  Stafford 
county.  Va.,  July  22.  1869. 

LEE,  Thomas,  colonial  governor,  was  born  at 
"  Stratford,"  Va.,  about  1702  ;  fifth  son  of  Richard 
and  Laetitia  (Corbin)  Lee,  and  grandson  of  Rich 
ard  Lee,  of  the  privy  council  of  Charles  I.  and 
founder  of  the  Lees  of  Virginia.  He  was  for 
many  years  a  member  and  president  of  the  king's 
council  and  commander-in-chief  of  the  colony  of 
Virginia.  In  1744  Governor  Sir  William  Gooch 
appointed  him,  with  William  Beverly,  as  commis 
sioner  to  treat  with  the  Iroquois  Indians.  They 


[27] 


journeyed  to  Philadelphia  in  a  yacht  and  met  the 
Iroquois  at  Lancaster.  Pa.,  where  they  secured 
the  right  of  settling  the  lands  west  of  the  moun 
tains  as  far  as  the  Ohio  river.  Lee  originated  a 
plan  for  the  exploration  and  settlement  of  these 
lands,  which,  however,  he  failed  to  carry  out. 
He  built  the  second  manor-house  with  nearly  one 
hundred  rooms,  the  original  house  built  by 
Richard  Lee  having  been  destroyed  by  fire 
about  1735,  during  his  proprietorship  of  the 
estate.  The  money  to  rebuild  the  mansion  was 
furnished  by  private  subscriptions,  headed  by  the 
governor.  He  was  married  to  Hannah,  daughter 
of  Col.  Philip  Ludwell  of  Green  Spring,  near 
Wil liana sburg,  Va. ,  by  his  second  wife  (his  first 
wife  having  been  Lady  Berkeley)  and  grand 
daughter  of  Philip  Ludwell.  governor  of  North 
Carolina,  1689-91.  He  had  six  sons,  Philip  Lud 
well,  Thomas  Ludwell,  Richard  Henry,  Francis 
Lightfoot,  William  and  Arthur,  and  two  daugh 
ters.  He  was  for  some  time  acting  governor  of 
the  colony  and  was  appointed  governor  in  1750, 
the  first  and  only  native-born  Virginian  to  hold 
that  office  by  appointment  of  the  crown.  He  died 
soon  after  receiving  his  commission,  at  Stafford 
House,  Va.,  in  1750. 

LEE,  Thomas,  jurist,  was  born  in  Charleston, 
S.  C.,Dec.  1,  1769;  son  of  William  Lee  and  a  de 
scendant  of  Thomas  Lee,  born  in  Bridgeton,  Isle 
of  Barbadoes,  in  1710,  settled  in  Charleston,  S.C., 
and  married  Mary  Giles.  Thomas  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  1790  ;  was  clerk  of  the  lower  house 
of  the  state  legislature,  1798-1804 ;  associate 
judge,  1804,  and  comptroller  general  of  the  state, 
1804-16.  He  represented  his  district  in  the  state 
legislature  ;  was  president  of  the  South  Carolina 
bank,  1817-39  ;  and  U.  S.  district  judge.  1823-39. 
He  died  in  Charleston,  S.  C.,  Oct.  24,  1839. 

LEE,  Thomas  Ludwell,  statesman,  was  born 
in  Stafford,  Va. ,  Dec.  13,  1730  ;  the  second  son  of 
Thomas  and  Hannah  (Ludwell)  Lee.  He  was 
educated  as  a  lawyer  and  practised  in  Westmore 
land  county.  He  was  member  of  the  Virginia 
house  of  burgesses,  and  in  1765  signed  the  West 
moreland  declaration  against  the  stamp  act  with 
his  brothers  Richard  Henry,  Francis  Lightfoot 
and  Arthur.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  conven 
tions  of  July  and  December,  1775  ;  a  member  of 
the  committee  of  safety  ;  a  delegate  to  the  con 
vention  of  May,  1776  ;  and  a  member  of  the  com 
mittee  appointed  to  draw  up  a  bill  of  rights  and 
a  plan  for  an  independent  government.  He  was 
one  of  the  five  "  revisers"  appointed  by  the  state 
government  on  its  organization  :  and  judge  of  the 
state  supreme  court.  He  died  April  13,  1777. 

LEE,  Thomas  Sim,  governor  of  Maryland, 
was  born  in  Prince  George's  county,  Md.,  Oct. 
29,  1745;  son  of  Thomas  and  Christian  (Sim)  Lee; 
grandson  of  Philip  and  Sarah  (Brooke)  Lee,  and 


LEE 


LEE 


OLp    STATE 

AT      AAIAJAPOL'5. 

1 783  -  1 784. 


of  Dr.  Patrick  and  Mary  (Brooke)  Sim,  and  a 
descendant  of  Col.  Richard  and  Anne  Lee.  He 
was  married  Oct.  27.  1771,  to  Mary,  daughter  of 
Ignatius  and  Eliza  (Parkman)  Digges,  of  Prince 
George's  county,  Md.  In  1777  he  entered  pub 
lic  life  as  a 
member  of 
the  provin 
cial  council 
of  Mary 
land.  He 
was  gover 
nor  of  Mary 
land,  1779-82 
and  1792-94, 
and  iu  1798 
declined  a 
third  elec 
tion.  He  was 
a  delegate  to 
the  Conti 
nental  congress,  1783-84  ;  was  elected  a  delegate 
to  the  constitutional  convention  of  1787,  but 
refused  to  attend  ;  and  was  a  delegate  to  the 
state  convention  that  met  to  ratify  the  Federal 
constitution.  He  was  also  elected  to  the  senate 
in  1794.  but  refused  to  serve.  He  died  at  Need- 
wood,  Md..  Oct.  9,  1819. 

LEE,  William,  diplomatist,  was  born  at 
"  Stratford,"  Va.,  in  1737;  fifth  son  of  Thomas 
and  Hannah  (Ludwell)  Lee.  He  was  educated  at 
Eton  and  engaged  in  commercial  business  in 
London,  acting  for  a  time  as  agent  for  Virginia. 
He  resided  in  Middlesex  and  was  sheriff  of  the 
county,  and  in  1775  became  an  alderman  of  Lon 
don.  He  gave  up  a  lucrative  business  and  went 
to  France  with  his  brother  Arthur  in  177G  and 
was  appointed  by  the  Continental  congress,  com 
mercial  agent  at  Nantes.  He  was  U.S.  commis 
sioner  to  the  Hague  and  to  Berlin  and  Vienna, 
but  was  not  allowed  to  take  up  his  residence  in 
either  of  these  cities.  Holland,  Prussia  and  Aus 
tria  not  having  recognized  the  United  States 
government,  desired  to  maintain  a  neutral  posi 
tion  and  not  offend  England,  and  his  negotiations 
were  therefore  conducted  from  Paris.  In  1778. 
by  permission  of  the  Holland  government,  he  met 
Jan  de  Neufville,  an  Amsterdam  merchant,  at 
Aix-la-Chapelle,  to  complete  the  negotiations  of  a 
loan  for  the  American  colonies.  The  two  com 
missioners  drew  up  a  commercial  treaty  to  be 
adopted  by  their  respective  governments  and  it 
was  signed  by  Neufville  and  Van  Berckel,  burgo 
master  of  Amsterdam,  and  entrusted  to  Henry 
Laurens  to  be  carried  to  America  for  the  ap 
proval  of  the  Continental  congress.  By  the  cap 
ture  of  Laurens,  when  on  his  way  from  America 
to  the  Hague  to  obtain  the  loan,  the  paper  fell 
into  the  hands  of  the  British  ministry  and  was 


made  the  pretext  for  declaring  war  against  Hol 
land.  In  the  difficulties  between  Arthur  Lee  and 
the  twro  other  American  commissioners  to  Paris. 
William  Lee  took  part  in  the  quarrel  and  in  17791 
with  his  brother  was  ordered  by  congress  to  re 
port  in  America,  but  no  action  was  taken  after 
their  arrival.  He  married  his  cousin,  Hannah 
Philippa  Ludwell,  who  brought  him  the  Green 
Spring  Manor-house,  near  Williamsburg,  where 
he  died,  June  27,  1795. 

LEE,  William,  publisher,  was  born  in  Boston, 
Mass.,  April  17,1826;  son  of  John  and  Laura 
William  (Jones)  Lee,  of  Manchester,  Eng.,  grand 
son  of  Owen  and  Elizabeth  (Lambert)  Jones  of 
Boston,  Mass.,  and  a  descendant  on  the  maternal 
lines  of  colonial  families.  He  attended  the  pub 
lic  schools  in  Boston  until  1837,  and  was  in  the 
employ  of  Samuel  G.  Drake,  a  bookseller,  1837^40. 
He  attended  school  at  Sturbridge,  Mass.,  1840-42, 
and  then  returned  to  the  book  trade  with  O.  L. 
Perkins,  1842-45.  He  was  a  clerk  in  the  employ 
of  Phillips,  Sanipson  &  Co.,  in  Boston,  1845-50,. 
and  held  an  interest  in  the  business,  1850-57  ;  and 
travelled  in  Europe,  1857-59.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  firm  of  Crosby,  Nichols.  Lee  &  Co.  of  Bos 
ton,  1860-G1  :  and  on  Feb.  1,  1801,  established 
with  Charles  A.  B.  Shepard,  tho  publishing  firm 
of  Lee&  Shepard.  Mr.  Shepard  died  in  1889  and 
Mr.  Lee  remained  at  the  head  of  the  business  until 
1898,  when  he  retired.  He  was  twice  married  : 
first,  Oct.  29,  1861.  to  Anna  M.,  daughter  of 
Thomas  Leavett  of  Hampton,  N.H.  :  she  died 
Sept.  19,  1883 ;  and  secondly,  Nov.  26,  1888,  to 
Mrs.  Sara  White  Saunders,  daughter  of  James 
Wells  and  Catherine  Reed  (Garner)  White  of 
New  York  city. 

LEE,  William  Henry  Fitzhugh,  soldier,  was 
born  at  Arlington  House.  Va.,  May  31.  1837  :  son 
of  Robert  Edward  and  Mary  Randolph  (Custis) 
Lee.  He  entered 
Harvard  college,  but 
left  in  1857  to  accept 
a  second  lieutenancy 
in  the  6th  U.S.  infan 
try.  He  served  in 
the  Utah  campaign 
under  Gen.  Albert 
Sidney  Johnston  and 
while  stationed  in 
California  in  1859.  he 
resigned  from  the 
army  in  order  to  de 
vote  his  time  to  the 
care  of  the  White 
House  estate  in  Vir 
ginia,  inherited  by 

his  mother.  He  raised  a  cavalry  company 
early  in  1861  for  the  service  of  his  native  state 
and  as  captain  and  major  in  the  9th  Virginia 


[28] 


LEE 


LE  FEY ME 


cavalry  he  served  in  western  Virginia  under 
Gen.  W.  W.  Loring.  Wlien  the  Virginia  troops 
were  transferred  to  the  Confederate  States  army 
by  proclamation  of  Governor  Letcher,  June  8, 
1881,  he  was  promoted  lieutenant-colonel  and 
ordered  to  Fredericksburg.  He  was  promoted 
colonel  early  in  180:3  ami  was  assigned  to  the 
cavalry  brigade  of  Gen.  J.  E.  B.  Stuart  and  with 
Gen.  T.  J.  Jackson's  army  was  ordered  to  the 
relief  of  the  army  of  Gen.  Joseph  E.  Johnston, 
confronted  by  the  army  of  Gen.  George  B.  Mc- 
Clellan  before  Richmond.  On  June  1, 1862,  Gen. 
Robert  E.  Lee  was  placed  in  command  of  the 
Army  of  Northern  Virginia  and  Col.  W.  H.  F. 
Lee  took  part  in  the  daring  ride  of  Stuart  around 
McClellan's  army,  June  12,  1862.  He  was  pro 
moted  brigadier-general,  Oct.  8,  1862,  and  com 
manded  a  brigade  in  Stuart's  cavalry  division, 
and  at  the  head  of  2000  cavalrymen  he  took  part 
in  opposing  Stonemaii's  cavalry  raid.  He  opposed 
tiie  force  of  General  Averill  at  Ctilpeper,  April 
30,  1863,  and  was  forced  to  retreat  through  the 
place,  being  thus  cut  off  from  communication  with 
General  Lee's  army.  At  Brandy  Station,  Va., 
June  9,  1863,  lie  was  severely  wounded  and  Gen 
eral  Chambliss  succeeded  to  the  command  of  his 
brigade.  Lee  was  subsequently  captured  by  a 
raiding  party  of  Federal  cavalry  and  imprisoned 
in  Fort  Monroe  and  in  Fort  Lafayette,  New  York 
harbor.  He  was  exchanged  in  1864  and  on  April 
23  lie  was  promoted  major-general  of  cavalry 
and  commanded  a  division  in  the  army  of  North 
ern  Virginia,  taking  part  in  opposing  the  Treva- 
lian  raid  of  Sheridan  in  June,  1864,  from  Malvern 
Hill.  He  failed  to  check  Gen.  J.  H.  Wilson's 
raiding  party  which  lie  encountered  on  the  South- 
side  railroad  near  Petersburg,  June  22,  1864,  but 
delayed  Gen.  J.  B.  Mclntosh  who  commanded 
Wilson's  own  division  and  caused  the  loss  of 
seventy-five  of  his  men.  In  August.  1864,  lie  was 
defending  the  Weldon  railroad  and  on  the  19th 
at  Vaughn  road  junction  met  Gen.  G.  K.  Warren 
when  he  operated  on  the  flank  of  the  Federal 
army.  He  had  nearly  succeeded  in  turning  it 
when  General  Spear  supported  by  General  Griffin 
forced  his  division  back  to  within  a  mile  of 
Reams's  Station.  On  Aug.  21  he  joined  Gen.  A. 
P.  Hill's  corps  and  re-enforced  by  a  part  of  Hoke's 
division  of  E  well's  corps  undertook  to  dislodge 
Warren,  then  intrenched  at  Reams's  Station. 
He  took  part  in  the  battle  of  Five  Forks,  April  1, 
1865,  where  he  commanded  two  brigades  of 
cavalry  under  his  cousin,  Gen.  Fitzhugh  Lee,  and 
on  the  Amelia  Springs  road,  April  8,  1865,  his 
cavalry  checked  the  advance  of  the  Federal  army 
in  the  last  struggle  previous  to  the  surrender. 
He  was  paroled  with  the  Army  of  Northern  Vir 
ginia  and  he  returned  to  White  House,  where  he 
rebuilt  the  residence  and  farm  buildings  destroyed 


by  the  Federal  army  and  engaged  in  cultivating 
the  plantation,  1865-74.  He  then  removed  to 
Burke  Station,  Va.  He  was  president  of  the 
Virginia  Agricultural  society  ;  a  state  senator  in 
1875,  and  served  as  a  representative  from  the 
eighth  district  of  Virginia  in  the  50th  and  51st 
congresses,  1887-91,  and  was  elected  to  the  52d 
congress  in  1890.  He  died  at  Ravensworth,  Va., 
Oct.  15.  1891. 

LEEDY,  John  Whitnah,  governor  of  Kansas, 
was  born  in  Richland  county,  Ohio,  March  8, 
1849  ;  son  of  Samuel  K.  and  Margaret  (Whitnah) 
Leedy,  grandson  of  John  Leedy,  a  pioneer  of 
Richland,  Ohio,  and  a  descendant  of  Abram 
Leedy,  a  native  of  Berne,  Switzerland,  who 
settled  in  Fredericksburg,  Md.,  about  1720.  In 
1863  he  tried  to  enlist  in  the  Union  army  and 
was  rejected  on  account  of  his  youth,  but  re 
mained  with  the  company  until  the  close  of  the 
war.  He  was  a  clerk  at  Pierceton,  Ind.,  1865- 
68  ;  and  worked  on  a  farm  at  Carlinsville,  111., 
1868-75.  In  1875  he  was  married  to  Sarah  I. 
Boyd  of  Frederickton,  Ohio,  where  he  lived  until 
1881,  and  then  purchased  a  farm  near  Leroy, 
Kan.  He  was  originally  a  Republican,  but  from 
1N72  voted  the  Democratic  ticket  until  the  Pop 
ulist  party  was  organized  in  which  he  became  a 
leader.  He  was  state  senator  in  the  Kansas  leg 
islature,  1892-96;  and  governor  of  Kansas,  1897- 
99.  He  was  defeated  for  re-election  in  1898  by 
W.  E.  Stanley,  Republican.  In  the  spring  of  1901 
he  settled  in  Valdes,  Alaska. 

LEFEVER,  Jacob,  representative,  was  born  at 
New  Paltz.  N.Y.,  April  20,  1830;  son  of  Garrett 
and  Catharine  (Dubois)  Lefever,  grandson  of 
Jonathan  and  Catharine  (Freer)  Lefever  and  a 
descendant  of  Simon  Lefever  "  The  Patentee.'' 
He  \\as  educated  at  New  Paltz  academy,  and 
Amenia  seminary  ;  and  became  a  prominent 
banker.  He  was  supervisor  of  the  town  of  New 
Paltz,  1861-62;  a  member  of  the  state  assembly, 
1863-67;  a  delegate  to  successive  Republican 
state  conventions  and  to  the  Republican  national 
convention  of  1888  ;  and  a  Republican  represent 
ative  from  the  eighteenth  district  of  New  York 
in  the  53d  and  54th  congresses,  1893-97. 

LE  FEVRE,  Benjamin  F.,  representative,  was 
born  in  Maplewood,  Shelby  county,  Ohio,  Oct. 
8,  1838.  He  attended  Miami  university,  1858-59  ; 
and  studied  law  at  Sidney,  Ohio,  but  subsequently 
engaged  in  farming.  He  served  in  the  Union 
army  as  a  private,  1861-65;  was  nominated  for 
secretary  of  state  by  the  Democratic  party  in 
1865  :  represented  Shelby  county  in  the  Ohio 
legislature,  1866-68,  was  U.S.  consul  at  Nurem 
berg,  Germany,  by  appointment  of  President 
Johnson,  1868-69,  and  was  a  Democratic  repre 
sentative  from  the  fifth  Ohio  district,  in  the 
46th,  47th,  48th  and  49th  congresses,  1879-87. 


[29] 


LK  FFYRF 


LFFFFPTS 


LE  FEVRE,  James,  clergyman,  was  born  at 
New  P^lte;,  N.Y.,  Jan.  1!).  1828:  son  of  Xatiianael 
and  Mifcgttalen  (Hoornbeck)  1-e  Fevre,  and  grand 
son  of  Johannes  and  Fli/.abeth  (DuBois)  Le  Fevre 
and  of  Cornelius  and  .Mary  ((iraliaiu)  Hoornbeck. 
His  first  ancestor  in  America,  Simon  Le  Fevre, 
emigrated  from  France,  and  was  one  of  the 
twelve  men  who  in  Kid.!,  purchased  1-N  square 
miles  from  the  Indians  on  the  banks  of  the 
"VVaalkill  river,  in  Ulster  comity.  X.Y.,  and  es 
tablished  a  "  palatinate  "  which  they  called 
'•  New  Paltz  "  and  over  which  they  and  their 
successors  ruled  for  over  a  hundred  years.  His 
ancestor,  the  Rev.  James  Le  Fevre,  was  a  fore- 
light  of  the  reformation  in  France,  whose  philo 
sophical  writings  and  translation  of  the  New 
Testament  gained  for  him  the  title  "  Light  of  his 
Age."  James  attended  the  district  schools  of 
New  Paltz,  attended  academies  in  Ponghkeepsie 
and  Xewburg,  N.Y.,  and  was  graduated  from 
Rutgers  college  in  1854,  and  from  the  Theologi 
cal  seminary  at  New  Brunswick.  N.J.,  in  18.17. 
He  was  married,  June  18.  1857.  to  Cornelia  Has- 
brouck.  He  was  ordained  to  the  ministry  in 
1837,  and  was  pastor  of  the  Reformed  Dutch 
church  at  Raritan,  1857-75  :  and  became  pastor 
at  Middlebush,  N.J..  in  1875.  He  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  Huguenot  Society  of  America  in 
1892.  The  honorary  degree  of  D.D.  was  con 
ferred  on  him  by  Rutgers  college  in  1893.  He  is 
the  author  of  :  History  of  the  Reformed  Church  of 
Middli'bitsli.  A".</.  (1884):  and  The  Huguenot  Pa 
tentees  of  Netr  r«ltz  (I  HOG). 

LEFEVRE,  Peter  Paul,  R.  C.  bishop,  was  born 
at  Roulers,  Belgium,  April  30,  1804.  After  he 
had  finished  his  studies  in  Paris,  he  removed 
to  the  United  States  in  1828  ;  was  ordained  to 
the  priesthood  in  St. 
Louis.  Mo.,  by  Bish 
op  Rosati,  in  1831, 
and  was  assigned  to 
the  Church  of  the 
Immaculate  Concep 
tion,  New  Madrid, 
Mo.,  but  in  a  few 
months  was  given 
charge  of  a  mission 
embracing  northern 
Missouri,  western  Illi 
nois,  and  southern 
Iowa,  subsequently 
divided  into  four  dio- 
ceses,  Peoria,  Alton, 
Davenport  and  part 
of  the  archdiocese  of  St.  Louis.  In  1841  he  went 
to  France  to  regain  his  health,  greatly  enfeebled 
by  his  ministration  of  so  large  a  mission  field 
with  few  means  of  travel  save  on  foot  or  horse 
back,  and  while  in  Europe  he  was  nominated 


Bishop  of  Zela  in  partibus,  and  coadjutor  and 
administrator  of  Detroit.  lie  was  consecrated 
by  Bishop  F.  P.  Kenrick.  assisted  by  Bishops 
England  and  Hughes  in  St.  John's  church.  Phila 
delphia.  Nov.  21.  1841.  When  lie  assumed  charge 
of  the  diocese  there  were  only  two  Roman  Cath 
olic  churches  in  Detroit  and  twenty-live  in  all 
the  diocese  in  which  parts  of  the  stales  of  Wis 
consin  and  Michigan  were  included.  He  secured 
the  tenure  of  church  property  in  the  bishop  of 
the  diocese  ;  built  the  Cathedral  of  SS.  Peter  and 
Paid,  and  secured  church  sites  and  oilier  church 
property  in  newly  settled  localities  where  the 
missions  formed  the  nucleus  of  cities,  and  from 
which  was  realized  in  time  a  revenue  sufficient 
to  meet  all  the  charitable  work  in  the  city.  lie 
established  Indian  missions  in  remote  fields  con 
venient  to  the  tribes  and  founded  the  Redemp- 
torist  convent  in  Detroit  and  the  American  col 
lege  of  Lotivain,  Belgium.  i:i  which  to  train 
priests  for  this  work.  He  also  introduced  into 
his  diocese  the  various  religious  orders  for  the 
purpose  of  maintaining  and  conducting  Roman 
Catholic  schools,  orphan  asylums  and  insane  re 
treats.  During  his  administration  the  churche.1- 
in  Detroit  increased  from  two  to  eleven,  and 
those  in  the  lower  peninsula  toone  hundred  sixty, 
and  from  eighteen  priests  to  eighty -eight.  He 
attended  the  provincial  councils  of  Baltimore 
and  Cincinnati,  and  took  a  prominent  part  in  the 
national  council  of  1852.  He  died  in  Detroit, 
Mich..  March  4.  1869. 

LEFFERTS,  Marshall,  inventor,  was  born  in 
Bedford,  Brooklyn,  N.Y..  Jan.  15.  1821  :  son  of 
Leffert  and  Amelia  Ann  -(Cozine)  Letferts ; 
grandson  of  John  L.  and  Sarah  (Cowenhoven) 
Lefferts  ;  great  grandson  of  Rein  and  Ida  Coweii- 
hoven,  and  a  descend 
ant  of  Leffert  Pieter- 
son  van  Hanghwout 
of  Holland,  who  set 
tled  in  Flatbush.  L.I., 
N.Y.,  be  fore  1688.  He 
received  his  educa 
tion  in  the  Brooklyn 
public  schools  ;  and 
became  a  civil  en 
gineer  and  subse 
quently  an  importer 
and  manufacturer  of 
galvanized  iron  ware. 
He  was  married,  June 
4,  1845,  to  Mary, 
daughter  of  Gilbert 
and  Ann  (Raymond)  Allen.  He  joined  the  7th 
regiment  N.G.S.N.Y.  in  1851  and  in  1852  was 
made  its  lieutenant-colonel  succeeding  Abram 
Duryee  as  colonel  in  1859.  In  the  call  for  troops 
to  defend  the  national  capital  in  1861  the  7th 


130] 


LEFFINGWELL 


LEFT  YYICH 


regiment  was  the  first  Xe\v   York   regiment   to 
march   to   the  front,  and  Colonel  Lelferts  trans 
ported  his  regiment  by  boat  to  Annapolis,    Md., 
and  marched  thence  across  the  state  to  Washing 
ton,  the  inarch  being  attended  with  considerable 
hazard.     After  thirty  days'  service  the  regiment 
returned  home,   and  in  1862  and  again  in  1803  he 
led  the  regiment  in  emergency  service  at  critical 
periods  of  the  civil  war.     While  in  Frederic,  Md., 
in    18(5:5,    Colonel    Lefferts    was    made    military 
governor  of  the  city.     The  regiment  was  recalled 
to  New  York    in   July,    18(5:5,  to  protect  the  city 
from  rioters  who  had  held  the  citizens  and  their 
property  at  their  mere}'  for  two  or  three  days  and 
the  presence  of  the  7th  regiment  and  their  steady 
and  determined  march  through  streets  mostly  in 
control  of  the  rioters   soon  restored   order.     He 
resigned    the   colonelcy  of   the  7th  regiment  in 
186."),  declined   the  position  of   brigadier-general 
of    militia   and    accepted    the    command  of  the 
veteran    corps   of   the   7th    regiment.     He   early 
recognized   the   commercial  possibilities   of   the 
telegraph  as  invented  by  Morse,  and  was  a  direc 
tor  and  president  of  the  com  panics  first  organized 
in  Xe\v  York  and    New    England,    1849-00.     He 
furnished  the  first  zinc  plated  wire  which  came 
into  general  use  as  rustproof.     He  perfected  and 
patented   a   system   of   automatic;    transmission, 
and   his  invention   was  purchased   by  the  Amer 
ican  Telegraph  company    who   employed    him  as 
electrical  engineer  and  consulting  engineer,     lie 
devised  the  instrument  to  measure  the    distance 
to  defects  in   wires  used  in  the  transmission  of 
messages,  and  made  it  possible  to  raise  and  repair 
broken  submarine  cables.     The  American  Tele 
graph  company  consolidated    with  the  Western 
Union  Telegraph  company  in  18GG  and  in  1807  he 
resigned  his  position  as  electrical  engineer  of  the 
Western  Union  and   organized  the   Commercial 
News  Department  of  that  company.     In   1809  he 
was  made  president  of  the  Gold  and  Stock  Tele 
graph   company,    which   company    in    1871   pur 
chased  the  Commercial  News  department  of  the 
Western   Union   and   he   became   president   and 
manager  of  the  combined  interests.     While  ac 
companying   his    corps   to   Philadelphia,  Pa.,    to 
attend   a   Fourth   of   July  parade  in  connection 
with  the  Centennial  exhibition,  he  died  suddenly 
on  tlije  cars  near  Newark,  N.J..  July  3,  1870. 

LEFFINGWELL,  Charles  Wesley,  educator, 
was  born  in  Ellington,  Conn.,  Dec.  5,  1840  :  son 
of  Lynian  and  Sarah  Chapman  (Brown)  Lefrlng- 
weli,  and  grandson  of  Joseph  and  Sarah  (Brand- 
ford-Ford)  Leffingwell.  His  paternal  ancestors 
were  among  the  founders  of  Norwich,  Conn.,  1037. 
After  teaching  school  he  entered  Union  college 
in  the  class  of  1800,  and  left  in  his  junior  year. 
He  was  principal  of  an  academy  in  Galveston, 
Texas,  1859-00  ;  and  was  graduated  from  Kuox 


college,  Galesburg,  111.,  in  1862.  He  was  vice- 
principal  of  Warring's  Military  institute,  Pough- 
keepsie,  N.Y.,  1802-05,  was  graduated  in  theology 
at  Nashotah  House,  Wis.,  in  1807,  and  remained 
there  as  a  teacher.  He  was  ordained  deacon  in 
1807  and  priest  in  1808,  and  was  assistant  pastor 
at  St.  James's  church,  Chicago.  111..  1807.  In  1808 
he  founded  and  became  rector  of  St.  Marys 
church  and  school,  Knoxville,  111.  He  founded 
St.  Alban's  Academy  for  boys  in  Knoxville,  in 
1890.  He  edited  The  Livintj  Clntrcli,  1879-1900 
and  was  made  president  of  the  standing  commit 
tee  and  an  examining  chaplain  of  the  diocese 
of  Quincy.  lie  received  the  degree  of  D.D.  from 
Knox  college  in  1875.  He  is  the  compiler  of  a 
••  Reading  Book  of  English  Classics  for  Young 
People";  "Lyrics  of  the  Living 'Church,''  and 
the  author  of  a  volume  of  poems. 

LEFTWICH,  Jabez,  representative,  was  born 
in  Caroline  county,  Va.,  in  1700  ;  son  of  Augustine 
Leftwich,  a  native  of  Cheshire.  England,  who 
settled  in  Caroline  county,  Ya..  in  17-39  and  re 
moved  to  Bedford  county  about  1770.  Jabez  was 
inspector-general  with  the  rank  of  colonel  on  the 
staff  of  his  brother.  Gen.  Joel  Leftwich  (q.v.). 
Returning  to  Virginia  he  represented  Bedford 
county  in  the  state  legislature,  1812-21,  nnd  the 
Bedford  district  in  the  17th  and  18th  congresses, 
1821-25,  and  was  defeated  for  the  19th  congress. 
At  the  close  of  his  term  he  removed  with  his 
family  to  Madison  county,  Ala.,  and  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  the  state  legislature.  He  died  near 
Huntsville,  Ala.,  June  22,  1855. 

LEFTWICH,  Joel,  soldier,  was  born  in  Caro 
line  county,  Va.,  in  1759  ;  son  of  Augustine  Left 
wich.  He  was  a  soldier  in  the  Revolutionary 
war  and  took  part  in  the  battles  of  Germantown, 
Camden  and  Guilford.  He  returned  io  his 
father's  estate  in  Bedford  county,  V*.,  a*Hl  was 
an  officer  in  the  state  militia.  In  the  war  of 
1812  he  was  commissioned  brigadier-general  and 
served  under  General  Harrison,  commanding  a 
brigade.  He  was  subsequently  major-general  of 
state  militia  and  for  many  years  justice  of  the 
peace  of  Bedford  county.  He  died  in  Liberty, 
Bedford  county,  Va.,  April  20.  1840. 

LEFTWICH,  John  William,  representative, 
was  born  in  Liberty,  Bedford  count}',  Va.,  Sept. 
7,  1820 :  son  of  Joel  and  Mary  (Thorpe)  Left 
wich  ;  grandson  of  John  and  Susannah  (Smith} 
Leftwich  and  great-grandson  of  Augustine  Left 
wich,  a  native  of  Cheshire,  England,  who  came 
to  Caroline  county,  Va.,  in  17:59,  and  to  Bedford 
county  about  1770.  John  William  Leftwich  was 
graduated  at  Jefferson  medical  college  in  1850, 
and  subsequently  settled  in  Memphis.  Tenn., 
where  he  became  an  extensive  cotton  merchant. 
He  was  a-  representative  from  Tennessee  in  the 
39th  congress  under  the  reconstruction  act.  and 
31] 


USUAitE 


LEGGETT 


he  served  from  July,  1806,  to  March  3,  1867.  He 
was  mayor  of  Memphis  and  resigned  his  office  in 
1871  to  take  his  seat  in  the  42d  congress,  to 
which  lie  had  been  elected  in  1870.  On  his  way 
to  Washington  in  February,  1871,  lie  was  taken 
ill  at  Lynchburgli.  Va..  and  died  March  6,  1871. 

LEGARE,  Hugh  Swinton,  cabinet  officer,  was 
born  in  Charleston.  S.C.,  Jan.  2,  1797;  son  of 
Solomon  and  Mary  (Swinton)  Legare:  grandson 
of  Thomas  Legare,  and  a  descendant  of  Solomon 
Legare,  a  Huguenot,  who  settled  in  Charleston, 
S.C.,  about  169(5.  He  was  graduated  from  the  col 
lege  of  South  Carolina  in  1814,  studied  law.  1814- 
16,  and  traveled  abroad.  1810-18.  He  returned  to 
Charleston  and  engaged  in  cotton  planting  on 
Johns  Island.  He  was  a  representative  in  the  state 
legislature,  1820-22  ;  practised  law  in  Charles 
ton,  1822-24  ;  was  a  representative  in  the  state 
legislature,  1824-30.  and  was  attorney-general  of 
the  state,  1830-32.  With  Stephen  Elliott  he 
published  the  Southern-  Review,  and  upon  the 
death  of  Elliott  he  became  sole  editor.  He  was 
charge  d'affaires  at  Brussels,  1832-36  ;  and  a 
Union  Democratic  representative  in  the  25th 
congress,  1837-39.  His  opposition  to  the  sub- 
treasury  project  prevented  his  re-election  arid  he 
returned  to  his  law  practice  in  Charleston,  in 
which  he  became  famous.  He  was  appointed  by 
President  Tyler  attorney-general  in  his  cabinet 
in  1841,  and  upon  the  withdrawal  of  Daniel 
Webster  from  the  state  department  in  1843,  he 
filled  t'le  office  of  secretary  of  state  until  his 
death,  while  visiting  Boston  to  attend  the  dedica 
tion  of  Bunker  Hill  Monument.  His  sister,  Mary 
Swinton  (Legare)  Bullen.  endowed  Legare  col 
lege  for  women  at  West  Point,  Lee  county,  Iowa. 
He  died  at  the  residence  of  his  friend,  George 
Ticknor,  in  Boston,  Mass..  June  16,  1843. 

LE  GENDRE,  Charles  William,  diplomatist, 
was  born  in  Paris,  France,  probably  in  1829.  He 
was  educated  at  the  University  of  Paris,  and  on 
reaching  his  majority  immigrated  to  the  United 
States.  He  joined  the  volunteer  army  in  1861, 
and  was  assigned  to  the  command  of  the  post  at 
Willett's  Point.  N.Y.  He  helped  to  recruit  the 
5lst  N.Y.  volunteers  and  was  commissioned 
major  and  advanced  to  the  colonelcy  of  the  re 
giment  with  which  he  served  throughout  the 
civil  war,  reaching  the  rank  of  brigadier-general 
of  volunteers.  In  1865  President  Johnson  ap 
pointed  him  U.S.  consul  to  Amoy,  China,  his 
jurisdiction  extending  to  Formosa.  In  1870  he 
was  on  his  return  voyage  to  the  United  States  to 
accept  the  post  of  U.S.  minister  to  the  Argen 
tine  Republic,  and  on  reaching  Yokohama  he 
was  urged  to  remain  in  Japan  by  U.S.  Minister 
Charles  E.  De  Long,  who  sent  a  request  to  the 
governmeTit  at  Washington  to  change  LeGendre's 
appointment  to  that  of  chief  of  the  department  of 


foreign  affairs  of  Japan.  With  the  consent  of 
Presidents  Grant  and  Hayes  he  held  the  position 
during  the  formative  period  of  that  empire,  1870- 
80.  He  went  to  Korea  in  1880,  as  advisor  to  the 
King,  was  instrumental  in  securing  the  treaty  of 
1882  with  the  United  States,  continuing  in  his 
position  after  that  ruler  was  made  emperor,  and 
to  him  the  government  of  Korea  largely  owes  the 
great  gains  made  in  civilization,  1880-99.  He 
died  in  Saoul.  Korea.  Sept.  2.  1899. 

LEQQETT,  Mortimer  Dormer,  soldier,  was 
born  in  Danby,  Tompkins  county.  N.Y.,  April  19, 
1821  :  son  of  Isaac  and  Mary  (Strong)  Leggett, 
members  of  the  society  of  Friends  :  and  grand 
son  of  Charles  and  Phebe  (William)  Leggett, 
and  of  James  and 
Eleanor  (Denton) 
Strong.  The  ances 
tors  of  the  Leggett 
family.  Abraham  and 
Isaac  Leggett  (broth 
ers),  came  from  Eng 
land  to  America  about 
175.").  Mortimer  Leg 
gett  removed  to  Ohio 
in  1836.  where  he 
worked  on  his  fath 
er's  farm  until  1839. 
He  then  attended  a 
normal  school  at  Kirt- 
land,  Ohio,  and  on 
leaving  there  took  a 
course  at  Western  Reserve  college.  He  taught 
school,  studied  law,  and  took  a  course  in  the, 
Willoughby  Medical  school  to  qualify  him 
self  for  the  practice  of  medical  jurisprudence. 
He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  Warren,  Ohio,  in 
1844.  In  1845  he  established  the  first  system  of 
graded  schools  west  of  the  Alleghenies.  In  1857 
he  removed  to  Zanesville,  Ohio,  where  he  was 
superintendent  of  the  public  schools.  When  the 
civil  war  broke  out  he  was  a  volunteer  member 
of  General  McClellan's  staff,  and  accompanied 
him  to  western  Virginia.  In  1861  he  raised  and 
organized  the  78th  Ohio  volunteers,  and  was  com 
missioned  its  colonel.  He  commanded  the  regi 
ment  at  the  battles  of  Fort  Donelson,  Shiloh  and 
Corinth.  At  Bolivar,  Tenn. ,  August,  1862,  he  met 
and  for  seven  hours  fought  a  brigade  of  cavalry 
under  command  of  General  Armstrong,  his  force 
being  less  than  nine  hundred  men.  He  was 
wounded  at  Shiloh,  and  later  at  Champion  Hills 
and  Vicksburg.  He  commanded  the  1st  brigade, 
3d  division,  17th  army  corps  at  Vicksburg 
during  the  siege,  and  his  brigade  was  assigned 
to  the  construction  of  the  extensive  mine  that 
compelled  the  evacuation  of  that  stronghold. 
In  the  Atlanta  campaign  he  commanded  the  3d 
division,  17th  army  corps,  and  on  July  21,  1864, 


[82] 


LEIIY 


LE1DY 


•captured  Bald  Hill,  and  subsequently  held  the 
same  against  repeated  attacks  of  the  Confederate 
army,  the  position  being  the  key  to  the  posses 
sion  of  Atlanta.  He  marched  with  Sherman  to 
the  sea  and  through  the  Carolinas  to  Washing 
ton,  and  was  commissioned  major-general  of 
volunteers,  Aug.  21,  1865.  In  1865  he  returned 
to  Zanesville,  where  for  several  years  he  was 
superintendent  of  a  portable  engine  works.  He 
was  U.S.  commissioner  of  patents,  1871-75,  and 
then  engaged  in  the  practice  of  patent  law  in 
Cleveland,  Ohio.  He  was  an  organizer  of  the 
Brush  Electric  company  and  became  its  presi 
dent  in  1884.  He  was  twice  married  :  first,  July 
ii,  1844,  to  Marilhi,  daughter  of  Absalom  and 
Marilla  Wells  of  Montville,  Ohio,  and  secondly 
to  Weltha,  daughter  of  H.  C.  and  Sylvia  Post  of 
Sandusky,  Ohio.  He  is  the  author  of  :  .1  Dream 
of  a  Modest  Prophet,  and  many  pamphlets.  He 
died  in  Cleveland,  Ohio,  Jan.  6.  1*96. 

LEHY,  John  F.,  educator,  was  born  in  Royal  - 
s ton,  Mass.,  Nov.  7.  1850:  son  of  Geoffrey  ami 
Elizabeth  (Kelly)  Leliy.  He  attended  tiie  public 
schools  of  Royalston  and  Holy  Cross  college  at 
Worcester,  Mass.  He  entered  the  Society  of 
Jesus,  Sept.  16,  1874 ;  made  his  novitiate  at 
Frederick,  Md.,  1874-76;  studied  philosophy  at 
Woodstock  college  1876-79,  and  theology,  1884- 
87,  and  was  ordained  priest  in  1887.  He  was 
professor  of  mathematics  at  Holy  Cross  college, 
1879-84  and  1887-88  ;  and  at  Georgetown  univer 
sity,  1888-89  ;  was  vice-president  of  Gonzaga 
college,  1889-90  ;  professor  at  Woodstock  semi 
nary,  1892-93  ;  vice-president  of  Holy  Cross  col 
lege,  18915-95  ;  and  president  of  that  college, 
1895-1901. 

LEIB,  Michael,  senator,  was  born  in  Philadel 
phia,  Pa.,  in  1759.  He  practised  medicine  in 
Philadelphia.  He  was  a  representative  in  the 
state  legislature  for  several  years  ;  a  Democratic 
representative  in  the  6th,  7th,  8th  and  9th  con 
gresses,  1799-1807  ;  and  presidential  elector  on  the 
Madison  and  Clinton  ticket  in  1809.  He  was  elec 
ted  U.S.  senator  to  fill  the  unexpired  term  of 
Samuel  Maclay,  who  resigned  in  1808,  and  was 
elected  for  a  full  term  as  his  successor,  but  re 
signed  in  1814  and  was  succeeded  by  Jonathan 
Roberts.  He  was  appointed  postmaster  of  Phila 
delphia  by  President  Monroe,  serving,  1817-22. 
He  died  in  Phladelphia,  Pa.,  Dec.  22,  1822. 

LEIDY,  Joseph,  scientist,  was  born  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa.,  Sept.  9,  1823  ;  son  of  Philip  Leidy, 
and  of  German  ancestry.  He  left  school  at  the 
age  of  sixteen  to  become  a  draughtsman,  but  en 
gaged  as  a  clerk  in  a  drug  store,  giving  his  leisure 
to  the  study  of  botany,  mineralogy  and  compara 
tive  anatomy.  He  was  graduated  from  the 
University  of  Pennsylvania,  M.D.,  in  1844,  be 
came  an  assistant  in  the  chemical  laboratory  of 


the  college  and  practised  his  profession  for  a 
short  time.  He  was  prosector  to  the  chair  of 
anatomy  in  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1845, 
and  was  demonstrator  of  anatomy  in  Franklin 
Medical  college,  1846.  In  1847-48  he  visited 
European  hospitals 
with  Dr.  Charles  Hor- 
ner  and  in  1849  he 
lectured  upon  micro 
scopic  anatomy  at 
the  Medical  Insti 
tute.  He  served  in 
the  chair  made  va 
cant  by  Dr.  Homer's 
illness.  1852,  and  up 
on  the  hitter's  death 
was  elected  his  suc 
cessor.  He  again  vis 
ited  Europe  in  1850 
with  Dr.  George  B. 
Wood,  collecting  ma 
terial  which  was  af 
terward  placed  in  the  museum  of  the  University 
of  Pennsylvania;  and  made  the  notable  dissections 
and  drawings  for  Dr.  Amos  Binney's  work  upon 
the  terrestrial  air-breathing  mollusks.  For  a 
short  time  during  the  civil  war  he  served  as  a 
surgeon  at  the  Slatterlee  hospital,  Philadelphia. 
In  1871  he  accepted  the  chair  of  natural  history  at 
Swarthmore  college.  In  1880  his  "  Description  of 
Vertebrate  Remains,  Chiefly  from  the  Phosphate 
Beds  of  South  Carolina  "  won  the  Walker  prize 
of  $1000  from  the  Boston  Society  of  Natural 
History.  He  was  also  awarded  the  Lyall  medal 
with  the  sum  of  £25  by  the  Geological  Society  of 
London  for  scientific  work.  Dr.  Leidy  first  ad 
vanced  the  theory  that  the  trichinae  bacilli,  dis 
covered  by  Sir  Richard  Owen,  infested  pork  and 
were  thus  transferred  to  the  human  organism. 
He  founded  the  department  of  biology  in  the 
University  of  Pennsylvania  in  1886.  He  enjoyed 
the  friendship  of  foreign  scientists,  and  Huxley's 
one  visit  while  in  the  United  States  was  to  the 
quaint  Spruce  Street  house  of  Professor  Leidy  in 
Philadelphia.  He  was  a  fellow  or  member  of  the 
prominent  scientific  societies  of  the  United  States 
and  Europe,  being  at  the  time  of  his  death 
president  of  the  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences 
and  vice-president  of  the  Anthopometric  society. 
He  received  the  honorary  degree  of  LL.D.  from 
Harvard  in  1886.  He  published  nearly  one 
thousand  books  and  pamphlets  on  his  specialty. 
His  brother  Philip  Leidy,  Jr.,  University  of  Penn 
sylvania,  M.D.,  1859,  died  within  thirty-six  hours 
of  Joseph  Leidy's  death  and  their  bodies  were 
cremated  simultaneously  at  Gerrnantown,  Pa. 
The  brains  of  both  were  left  by  their  wills  to  the 
Anthopometric  society  and  by  the  examination  it 
was  found  that  they  were  below  the  normal 


[33] 


LEIGH 


LEISLER 


weight,  confirming  Leidy's  theory  that  the  tex 
ture  of  the  brain  and  not  the  size  is  the  measure 
of  intellectual  power.  He  died  in  Philadelphia, 
Pa.,  April  30.  1891. 

LEIGH,  Benjamin  Watkins,  senator,  was  born 
in  Chesterfield  county,  Va.,  June  18.  1781.  He 
was  graduated  from  William  and  Mary  college  in 
1802  ;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  and  practised  in 
Petersburg,  Va.,  1802-13.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  the  state  legislature  from  Petersburg,  and 
presented  resolutions,  asserting  the  right  of  the 
legislature  to  instruct  the  U.S.  senators  from 
Virginia.  He  removed  to  Richmond,  Va.,  where 
he  continued  his  law  practice  ;  was  one  of  the 
commissioners  to  revise  the  statutes  of  Virginia  ; 
was  sent  to  Kentucky  as  a  commissioner  to 
consult  with"  Henry  Clay,  representing  that  state, 
concerning  the  "occupying  claimants''  law, 
which  resulted  in  an  agreement  that  threatened 
to  annul  the  title  held  by  Virginia  to  lands  in 
Kentucky.  He  was  a  member  of  the  state  con 
stitutional  convention  of  1829-30,  was  a  reporter 
of  the  court  of  appeals  of  the  state,  1829-41  and 
in  1833  was  appointed  to  the  LT.S.  senate  to  fill 
the  vacancy  caused  by  the  resignation  of  William 
C.  Rives.  He  was  elected  in  1835  for  a  full  sena 
torial  term,  but  resigned  in  July,  183(5.  The 
degree  of  LL.D.  was  conferred  on  him  by  the 
College  of  William  and  Mary  in  1835.  He  pub 
lished  Reports  of  C'ases  in  the  Court  of  Appeals 
and  in  the  General  Court  of  Virginia  (1830-44). 
He  died  in  Richmond,  Va.,  Feb.  2,  1849. 

LEIGH,    Hezekiah   Gilbert,   clergyman,    was 
born  in  Perquimans  county,  N.C. ,  Nov.  23.  1795, 
He  was  a  cousin  of  Senator  Benjamin  W.  Leigh 
(q.v.).  He  attended  school  at  Murfreesboro.  N.C., 
and  was   a   teacher   for    two 
years.     He  settled   in    Boyd 
ton,  Ya.,  where   he   conduct 
ed    a   farm.     He   joined    the 
Virginia    conference    of    the 
Methodist    Episcopal  church 
in  1818,  and  was  a  prominent 
clergyman    in    Virginia   and 

North  Carolina,  1818-53.  With  Gabriel  P.  Dis- 
osway  he  planned  and  founded  Randolph-Ma- 
con  college  in  Boydton,  Va.,  named  for  John 
Randolph  of  Virginia  and  Nathaniel  Macon  of 
North  Carolina,  who  lived  on  opposite  banks  of 
the  Roanoke  and  were  prominent  in  their  re 
spective  states.  He  was  a  member  of  the  se 
lect  committee  which  framed  the  constitution 
for  the  college  ;  was  an  original  trustee,  was 
the  first  agent  and  a  member  of  tiie  building 
committee.  He  was  an  organizer  of  the  Metho 
dist  Episcopal  church,  south,  in  1849.  The  hon 
orary  degree  of  LL.D.  was  conferred  on  him 
by  Randolph-Macon  college  in  1858.  He  died  in 
Boydton,  Ya.,  Sept,  18,  1858. 

[i 


LEIGHTON,  Nicholas  Winfield  Scott,  painter, 
was  born  in  Auburn,  Maine.  He  attended  the 
public  schools  of  Gray.  Maine,  and  while  at  school 
devoted  much  of  his  time  to  drawing  pictures  of 
animals.  He  earned  $2000  in  three  years  by 
horse  trading,  and  removed  to  Portland,  Maine, 
when  se\  enteen  years  old  and  established  a  studio 
as  an  animal  painter.  The  patronage  in  Portland 
did  not  support  him  and  lie  removed  to  Provi 
dence,  R.I.,  where  he  engaged  in  the  artistic 
furniture  trade  for  a  short  time,  and  then  return 
ed  to  painting,  visiting  different  cities.  He  finally 
settled  in  Boston,  Mass.,  where  he  studied  art 
and  soon  became  widely  known  as  an  animal 
painter  and  as  the  "  Landseer  of  America."  He 
was  admitted  to  membership  in  the  Boston  Art 
club,  the  Paint  and  Clay  club  and  other  organi 
zations.  Among  his  more  important  paintings 
are:  Here  they  Come;  In  the  Stable;  On  the 
Road;  Waiting;  The  Fearnanglit  Stallion  ;  Three 
Veterans;  Dogs ;  Smuggler;  The  Pets;  Ready 
for  Work ;  Saddled  and  Bridled;  At  the  Trough  ; 
Stable  Scene;  Sketch  from  Mature  ;  A  Dry  Feed; 
By  the  Spring  ;  Salting  Horses  ;  Sheepford  :  At  the 
Castle  Gate  ;  Towser  ;  Study  of  a  Bidl ;  Study  at 
Claremont,  N.H.;  A  Winter  Morning  ;  Study  of  a 
Pig  ;  Waiting  in  the  Cold;  Sleighing  Scene  ;  The 
Auction  ;  Sliut  In  .  A  large  number  of  his  paint 
ings  were  exhibited  and  sold  in  Boston.  Mass., 
after  his  death.  He  died  at  the  McLean  hospital, 
Waverly,  Mass..  Jan.  17,  1898. 

LEIGHTON,  William,  author,  was  born  in 
Cambridge,  Mass.,  June  22,  1833  :  son  of  William 
and  Mary  (Needham)  Leighton  ;  grandson  of 
Thomas  and  Anne  Leighton.  born  at  Newcastle, 
England, and  came  to  Cambridge,  Mass.,  in  1825  ; 
and  of  Jasper  and  Mary  Needham.  His  maternal 
ancestor  came  from  England  to  Danvers.  Mass., 
in  1(530.  He  removed  with  his  parents  to  Con 
cord,  Mass.,  in  1838,  and  was  graduated  at  Har 
vard,  S.B. ,  1855.  He  engaged  in  the  manufacture 
of  glass,  first  in  Massachusetts  and  after  18(58  at 
Wheeling,  W.Va.,  where  he  conducted  the  busi 
ness  for  twenty  years.  He  is  the  author  of  nu 
merous  lyric  and  dramatic  poems  and  prose  essays 
including  :  Konnak,  an  Icelandic  Romance  of  the 
Tenth  Century  (18(50);  Sons  of  Godirin  (1870)  ; 
At  the  Court  of  King  Edtrin  (1877)  ;  Change:  The 
Whisper  of  the  Sphin.r  (1879);  Shakespeare's 
Dream  and  other  Poems  ( I881-)  ;  The  Price  of  the 
Present  Paid  by  the  Past  (1XS3)  ;  a  poem  read  at 
the  unveiling  of  the  Soldiers'  Monument  at 
Wheeling,  W.  Va.  :  A  Sketch  of  Shakespeare, 
prose  (1874):  The  Subjugation  of  Hamlet,  prose 
(1884),  and  Poems  written  1841-90. 

LEISLER,  Jacob,  provisional  lieutenant-gov 
ernor  of  New  York,  was  born  probably  at  Frank- 
fort-on-Main.  Germany.  He  came  to  New  Am 
sterdam  as  a  soldier  in  the  service  of  the  Dutch 
M] 


LEISLER 


LELAND 


West  India  Company  in  1660,  and  was  married, 
April  11,  1663,  to  Elsje  Tymens,  widow  of  Peter 
Van  der  Veen,  whose  extensive  business  lie  con 
tinued  and  thus  acquired  considerable  wealth. 
Their  children  were  :  Susanna,  Catharina.  Jacob, 
Mary  (who  married,  first  Jacob  Mil  bourn  and 


NEW  YORK  i  N  1650 

secondly  Abraham  Gouverneur).  Johannes,  Hes 
ter,  Francina and  probably  Margaret.  On  his  re 
turn  voyage  to  Europe  he  was  in  1678  captured  by 
the  Turks  and  had  to  pay  a  ransom  of  2050  pieces 
of  eight.  On  Sept.  10, 1684,  he  was  commissioned 
a  captain  of  militia  in  New  York.  News  of  the 
accession  of  William  and  Mary  reached  New 
York  from  Virginia  in  February.  1689,  but  was 
kept  from  the  people  by  Lieutenant-Governor 
Nicholson.  When,  however,  the  news  reached 
New  York  that  Boston  had  revolted.  New  York 
city  also  rose  in  revolt.  Leisler  headed  the  demo 
cratic  citizens  against  the  aristocratic  adherents 
of  James  II.,  and  was  appointed  lieutenant-gover 
nor  by  the  Committee  of  Safety.  He  accordingly 
issued  writs  for  the  election  of  a  General  Assem 
bly,  which  assembly  held  two  sessions,  one  in 
April,  the  other  in  October.  1690.  The  Roman 
Catholics  formed  common  cause  with  the  Jaco 
bites,  while  the  Dutch,  the  Huguenots,  and  the 
majority  of  the  English  sided  with  Leisler.  He 
was  made  captain  of  the  fort,  with  powers  of  a 
chief  magistrate.  He  immediately  seized  Fort 
James  and  all  the  funds  therein.  He  declared  re 
ligious  toleration  for  all  except  the  Papists.  Col 
onel  Bayard  and  his  followers  fled  to  Albany  and 
there  set  up  an  independent  government.  The 
municipal  authorities  of  the  city  of  New  York  ac 
knowledged  the  rule  of  William  and  Mary  but  de 
clined  to  acknowledge  the  authority  of  Leisler 
till  compelled  to  do  so  in  1690.  Governor  Nichol 
son  sailed  for  England  and  Captain  Ingoldsby  was 
ordered  to  hold  the  government  till  the  arrival  of 
Colonel  Henry  Sloughter,  who  had  been  appointed 
by  the  Crown  the  new  governor.  Leisler  refused 
to  surrender  the  fort  to  Ingoldsby.  but  on  the 
arrival  of  Sloughter.  March,  1691.  he  peaceably 
gave  up  possession.  Leisler  and  other  leaders 
were  arrested  for  treason,  their  estates  were  con 
fiscated,  and  Leisler  and  Milbonrn  \vere  con 
demned  and  executed  May  16,  10U1. 


LEITER,  Benjamin  Franklin,  representative, 
was  born  in  Leitersburg,  Md.,  Oct.  18,  1813  :  son 
of  Samuel  and  Catharine  (Myers)  Leiter,  and  a 
descendant  of  Jacob  Leiter,  who  was  born  in 
Holland  and  immigrated  to  Maryland.  He  was 
educated  chiefly  by  his  father  ;  and  taught  school 
in  Maryland,  l»30-34,  and  in  Ohio,  1834-42.  He 
settled  in  Canton,  Ohio,  and  was  justice  of  the 
peace  ;  mayor  of  Canton  for  ten  years  ;  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in  1842,  was  a  representa 
tive  in  the  state  legislature,  1848-50,  and  speaker, 
1849-50.  He  was  a  representative  from  the 
eighteenth  district  of  Ohio  in  the  34th  and  35th 
congresses,  1855-59,  and  served  on  the  committee 
on  Indian  affairs.  He  continued  the  practice  of 
law  up  to  the  time  of  his  death,  which  occurred 
in  Canton.  Ohio.  June  17.  1866. 

LELAND,  Charles  Godfrey,  author,  was  born  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Aug.  15,  1824;  son  of  Charles 
and  Charlotte  Frost  (Godfrey)  Leland  ;  grandson 
of  Oliver  and  Abigail  (Perry)  Leland.  and  a  de 
scendant  of  Hopestill  Leland  (born  1580  in  York 
shire,  England),  who 
settled  inWeymouth, 
Mass.,  in  1623  :  and 
of  Gen.  Edward  God 
frey,  the  first  gover 
nor  of  Maine.  1628; 
both  Episcopalian 
royalists.  Charles 
Godfrey  Leland  con 
tributed  verses  to 
periodicals  as  early 
as  1838.  He  attend 
ed  private  schools 
in  Philadelphia  and 
Boston,  Mass.,  and 
was  graduated  at  the 
College  of  New  Jersey 

in  1845.  He  pursued  a  post-graduate  course  in 
the  universities  of  Heidelberg  and  Munich,  and 
attended  lectures  at  the  Sorbonneand  the  College 
Louis-le-Grand,  Paris,  1847-48.  He  took  an  active 
'  part  as  captain  of  barricades  in  1848  ;  was  among 
the  first  to  enter  the  Tuileries  when  taken,  and 
was  one  of  the  Americans  in  Paris  selected  to 
congratulate  the  Provisional  government  of 
France,  established  by  the  Revolutionists  in  Feb 
ruary,  1848.  He  studied  law  in  the  office  of  John 
Cadwalader  in  Philadelphia  :  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1851.  and  practised  law  in  that  city,  1851- 
53.  He  was  editor  of  the  Illustrated  Xeics.  New 
York  city,  1853-55;  assistant  editor  of  the  Even- 
in  ij  Bulletin.  Philadelphia,  1855-58.  and  editor  of 
Van  it  i/  Fair.  1!S5S-(>I.  In  1801  he  contributed  as 
editor  articles  to  the  Knickerbocker  Magazine  of 
New  York,  supporting  the  Union  policy.  He  also 
established  the  Continental  Magozine  at  Boston, 
Mass.,  and  served  as  its  editor  while  co-proprietor, 


[35] 


LELAND 


LE  MOYNE 


1861-62,  for  the  sole  purpose  of  advancing  the 
emancipation  of  the  slaves.  The  degree  of  A.M. 
conferred  on  him  by  Harvard  university  in  1867 
was  specified  to  be  "  for  political  services  ren 
dered  to  his  country  during  the  civil  war."'  In 
1865  he  travelled  through  Kentucky,  Tennessee 
and  western  Virginia  in  the  interest  of  coal  and 
petroleum  speculations.  He  was  managing  editor 
of  the  Philadelphia  Press,  1866-69,  and  engaged 
in  literary  work  in  London,  England,  1869-80. 
He  established  with  Mrs.  R.  Jebb  in  1880  the  sub 
sequently  widely  extended  British  Home  Arts 
and  Industries  association.  He  was  one  of  the 
original  founders  of  the  Folk-Lore  congress  at 
Paris  in  1889,  and  discovered  the  "Shelta"  lan 
guage,  spoken  by  Celtic  tinkers  and  others  of  that 
class,  which  was  afterward  verified  by  Kuno 
Meyer  from  a  manuscript  1000  years  old  as  the 
famous  lost  artificial  language  of  the  Irish  bards. 
He  was  elected  a  fellow  of  the  American  Associa 
tion  for  the  Advancement  of  Science  and  an  hon 
orary  fellow  of  the  Royal  Society  of  Literature 
in  London.  He  was  married,  Jan.  17,  1856,  to 
Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Rodney  Fisher,  of  Phila 
delphia.  He  was  editorially  employed  on  Apple- 
ton's  and  Johnson's  cyclopaedias  and  contributed 
to  them  about  300  articles.  His  system  of  the 
minor  arts  as  a  ..branch  of  school  education  intro 
duced  first  in  Philadelphia,  1880,  by  him  person 
ally,  and  subsequently  through  the  English  Home 
Arts  association,  passed  to  hundreds  of  "institu 
tions,  schools  and  classes  in  Great  Britain  and  was 
also  adopted  in  Austria  and  especially  in  fifty  of 
the  chief  Hungarian  government  schools.  Dur 
ing  his  residence  in  Europe  he  travelled  in  Rus 
sia,  Egypt,  Sweden  and  Norway,  lived  fifteen 
years  in  Italy  and  became  a  member  of  many 
oriental,  folk-lore,  social  science  and  other  con 
gresses,  at  all  of  which  he  read  papers  in  the  local 
language.  He  was  officially  recognized  as  sug- 
gester  or  founder  of  the  Hungarian  and  Italian 
folk-lore  societies,  and  he  was  elected  president  of 
the  Gypsy  Lore  society  of  Buda-Pest,  formerly  of 
England.  He  is  the  author  of  :  T/ie  Poetry  and- 
My&tery  of  Dreams  (1850);  Mister  Karl's  Sketch- 
Book  (1855);  Pictures  of  Travel,  translated  from 
Heinrich  Heine  (1856),  subsequently  followed  by 
a  translation  of  nearly  all  the  works  of  Heine  is 
sued  in  London  by  Heinemann  (1890);  Suns/line 
in  Thought  (1862);  The  Book  of  Copperheads 
(1863);  Mother  Pitcher's  Poems  (1863);  Legends 
of  Birds  (1864);  To  Kansas  and  Back  (1866); 
Union  versus  States  Rights  (1863);  The  Music 
Lesson  of  Confucius  and  Other  Poems  (1870); 
Gaudeamus  (1871);  The  Ballads  of  Hans  Breit- 
man(\871);  France,  Alsace  and  Lorraine  (1872); 
Egyptian  Sketch  Book  (1873)  ;  English  Gypsies 
and  their  Language  (1873);  Fu  Sang,  or  the  Dis 
covery  of  America  by  Chinese  Buddhist  Priests  in 


the  Fifth  Century  (1875) ;  English  Gypsy  Songs,  in 
collaboration  with  Janet  Tuckey  and  Prof.  Ed 
ward  H.  Palmer  (1875);  Johannykin  and  the  Gob 
lins  (1876);  Pidgin-English  Sing-Song  (1876);  Life 
of  Abraham  Lincoln  (1*79);  The  Minor  Arts 
(1880);  The  Gypsies  (1882)  ;  Industrial  Education 
(1883);  TJie  Algonquin  Legends  of  New  England 
(1884);  Practical  Education.  (1888);  Manual  of 
Wood  Carving  (1891);  Gypsy  Sorcery  (1891); 
Leather  Work,  Metal  Work  and  Manual  of  De 
sign  (1892);  Etruscan-Roman  Remains  (1892); 
Legends  of  Florence  (1895);  Memoirs  (1895);  Un- 
published  Lessons  of  Virgil  (1899) :  Songs  of  the  Sea 
and  Lays  of  the  Land  (1899) ;  Have  You  a  Strong 
Will  ?  (1899);  One  Hundred  Profitable  Arts  (1900) ; 
Arodis,  or  Gospel  of  the  Witches  (1900);  and  in 
1901  had  in  preparation  Lessons  in  Nature  ;  Essays. 
and  Songs  of  Sorcery  and.  Ballads  of  Witchcraft. 

LELAND,  Henry  Perry,  author,  was  born  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa,,  Oct.  28.  1828;  son  of  Charles 
and  Charlotte  Frost  (Godfrey)  Leland.  He  en 
tered  the  University  of  Pennsylvania  in  1844,  left 
in  1846,  and  engaged  as  a  clerk.  He  studied  art 
in  Rome,  Italy,  1846-47,  and  spent  several  years 
in  travel  in  America  and  Europe.  He  served  as 
1st  lieutenant  in  the  118th  Pennsylvania  regi 
ment  of  volunteers  in  1861,  and  as  private  and 
sergeant  in  Landis's  Pennsylvania  battery,  1862- 
63.  He  received  a  contusion  of  the  spine  from  a 
fragment  of  shell  at  Carlisle,  Pa.,  in  July,  1863, 
from  the  effects  of  which  lie  subsequently  died. 
He  devoted  much  of  his  time  to  literature,  con 
tributing  poems  and  sketches  to  magazines  and 
newspapers,  and  was  one  of  the  first  to  perceive 
the  genius  of  Walt  Whitman,  predicting  his  fu 
ture  success.  Whitman  declared  that  during 
one  year  of  his  life,  when  he  was  almost  in  de 
spair  at  his  ill-success,  a  letter  from  Mr.  Leland 
had  revived  his  spirits  and  encouraged  him  to 
renewed  exertion.  Mr.  Leland  spoke  Spanish, 
Italian  and  French.  He  collaborated  with  his 
brother,  Charles  G.  Leland,  in  much  literary 
work,  and  was  half-author  and  illustrator  of 
"  The  Book  of  Copperheads,"  so  much  prized  and 
praised  by  Abraham  Lincoln  that  a  copy  of  it, 
much  thumbed,  and  one  other  work  of  humor, 
were  the  only  books  found  in  the  President's 
private  desk  when  deceased.  Mr.  Leland  is  the 
author  of  :  The  Gray  Bay  Mare  and  other  Humor 
ous  American  Sketches  ( 1856) ;  The  Jumping  Frog, 
afterward  rewritten  by  Mark  Twain,  and  Amer 
icans  in  Rome.  (1863).  He  died  in  Philadelphia. 
Pa.,  Sept.  22.  18(58. 

LE  riOYNE,  Francis  Julius,  educationist, 
was  born  in  Washington,  Pa.,  Sept.  4,  1798;  son 
of  Dr.  John  Julius  de  Villiers  and  Nancy  (Mc- 
Cully)  Le  Moyne.  He  was  graduated  from 
Washington  college.  1815,  and  from  Jefferson 
Medical  college,  1822,  and  was  a  physician  in 


LE  MOYNE 


LENIHAN 


Washington,  Pa.,  1N22-79.  He  was  married  in 
May,  1823,  to  Madeleine  Roniaine  Bureau.  He 
helped  to  organize  an  anti-slavery  society  in 
1835  and  was  the  abolition  candidate  for  vice- 
president  in  1840  and  for  governor  of  Pennsylva 
nia.  1841,  1844  and  1847.  He  was  a  trustee  of 
Washington  college,  18-50-52  ;  of  Washington 
Female  seminary,  1836-65  ;  endowed  the  Le 
Moyne  chair  of  agriculture  and  correlative 
branches,  and  the  Le  Moyne  chair  of  applied 
mechanics  in  Washington  and  Jefferson  college  ; 
gave  $25.000  to  found  the  Le  Moyne  normal  insti 
tute  for  the  education  of  the  colored  race  at 
Memphis.  Tenn.,  and  in  1876  built  the  first  cre 
matory  in  the  United  States,  and  was  the  third 
person  whose  remains  were  cremated  there. 
He  died  in  Washington.  Pa..  Oct.  14,  1879. 

LE  MOYNE,  Jean  Baptiste,  Sieur  de  Bien 
ville,  first  governor  of  Louisiana,  was  born  at 
Ville  Marie.  Canada,  Feb.  23.  1080  ;  son  of  Charles 
.and  Catherine  (Tierry)  Primot  Le  Moyne,  and 
grandson  of  Pierre  and  Judith  (Duchesne)  Le 
Moyne.  He  was  left  an  orphan  in  1690,  and 
made  his  home  with  his  brother  Charles,  Sieur, 
later  Baron  of  Longueiiil,  on  whose  death  in 
1691  he  succeeded  to  the  title,  being  known  as 
De  Bienville.  He  followed  the  sea,  and  record  is 
found  of  him  as  a  midshipman  in  1697,  serving 
with  his  brother  Iberville  in  the  expedition 
against  the  English  settlers  at  Hudson  Bay.  He 
accompanied  Iberville  to  France,  where  the  lat 
ter  received  the  commission  from  Maurepas  to 
discover  and  take  possession  of  the  mouth  of  the 
Mississippi  river.  Bienville  sailed  with  the  expe 
dition  from  Brest,  Oct.  24,  1698,  and  in  February, 
1(599,  they  established  a  camp  at  Biloxi,  and  in 
the  same  month  discovered  the  mouth  of  the 
Mississippi  river.  Bienville  was  commissioned 
lieutenant  of  the  king,  and  in  1700,  after  explor 
ing  the  country  and  visiting  the  Indian  tribes, 
he  established  and  became  commander  of  a  fort 
on  the  Mississippi  forty-four  miles  above  the 
mouth  of  the  river.  On  Aug.  22,  1701,  he  took 
command  of  the  camp  at  Biloxi,  and  in  Decem 
ber,  1701,  he  was  ordered  to  Mobile  with  men  and 
material  enough  to  make  a  settlement.  In  1703- 
04  immigrants  arrived  from  France  with  a  plen 
tiful  supply  of  money  and  provisions,  and  in  1706 
fifty  Canadians  settled  in  the  colony.  Bienville 
was  ordered  to  France  as  a  prisoner  in  February, 
1708,  but  succeeded  in  reinstating  himself  in 
royal  favor,  and  he  remained  with  the  colony. 
He  proposed  in  1708  that  Negroes  be  sent  from 
the  Antilles  to  Louisiana  to  cultivate  the  soil  and 
to  be  exchanged  for  native  Indians  at  the  rate  of 
two  Negroes  for  three  Indians.  In  June.  1713, 
Cadillac  became  governor  of  the  colony  and  Bien 
ville  was  commissioned  lieutenant-governor. 
Bienville  and  the  new  governor  quarrelled,  and 


early  in  1716  Bienville  was  sent  among  the 
Natchez  Indians  with  a  few  men  to  make  a  set 
tlement.  He  established  a  fort,  which  provoked 
a  war,  but  in  August  a  treaty  of  peace  was  con 
cluded.  He  returned  to  Mobile  in  October,  and 
commanded  the  colony  imtil  the  arrival  of  De 
1'Epinay,  the  new  governor,  in  March,  1717,  when 
Bienville  was  decorated  with  the  cross  of  St. 
Louis.  De  1'Epinay  was  recalled  in  1718  and  Bien 
ville  was  made  commandant-general  or  gov 
ernor.  He  founded  the  city  of  New  Orleans  in 
1718,  and  it  was  made  the  seat  of  government  in 
1723.  On  Feb.  16,  1724,  Bienville  was  summoned 
to  France  to  answer  charges  made  against  him, 
and  in  January,  1738,  he  was  returned  to  Louis 
iana  as  governor  with  the  rank  of  lieutenant- 
colonel.  He  made  unsuccessful  expeditions 
against  the  Chickasavv  Indians  in  1736,  1739  and 
1740.  In  1743  he  returned  to  France,  seeking  to 
restore  his  health,  and  died  in  Paris  in  1768. 

LE  MOYNE,  John  Valcoulon,  representative, 
was  born  in  Washington,  Pa.,  Nov.  11,  1828  ;  son 
of  Dr.  Francis  Julius  and  Madeleine  Romaine 
(Bureau)  Le  Moyne,  and  grandson  of  John  Peter 
Romaine  and  Madeleine  Francoise  Charlotte 
(Marret)  Bureau.  Both  his  grandfathers  came 
from  France  in  1790,  and  were  of  the  French  colony 
which  founded  the  town  of  Gallipolis,  Ohio.  He 
was  graduated  from  Washington  college,  Pa., 
A.B.,  in  1847  ;  studied  law  in  Pittsbnrg,  Pa.,  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  there  in  1852.  He  re 
moved  immediately  to  Chicago,  111.  He  was 
married,  March  28,  1853,  to  Julia  M.  Murray,  of 
Pittsburg.  He  was  the  unsuccessful  candidate 
of  the  Liberal  party  for  representative  in  the  43d 
congress  in  1872,  and  was  elected  to  the  44th 
congress  as  a  Democrat,  from  the  third  Illinois 
district,  defeating  Representative  Farwell,  who 
claimed  the  seat.  He  took  his  seat  in  1876,  and 
served  until  the  close  of  the  44th  congress,  March 
3,  1877.  He  traveled  in  Europe  in  1887,  and  011 
his  return  retired  from  business  and  removed  to 
Melvale,  near  Baltimore,  Md. 

LENIHAN,  Thomas  Matthias,  R.C.  bishop,  was 
born  in  Mallow,  county  Cork,  Ireland,  Aug. 
12, 1845  ;  son  of  Edward  and  Mary  (Donovan)  Len- 
ihan.  He  came  to  America  with  his  parents  in 
1850,  settled  in  Dubuque,  Iowa,  and  was  con 
firmed  by  the  Rt.  Rev.  Pierre  Jean  Matthias  Loras, 
first  bishop  of  Dubuque,  in  whose  honor  he  then 
assumed  the  name  of  Matthias.  He  was  educated 
at  St.  Thomas's  seminary.  Bardstown,  Ky., 
1857-60,  in  the  Theological  seminary  at  Cape  Gir- 
rardeau,  Mo.,  and  in  St.  Francis  seminary  at  Mil 
waukee,  Wis.  He  was  ordained  priest  in  St.  Ra 
phael's  cathedral,  Dubuque,  Iowa,  Nov.  19,  1867, 
the  first  priest  ordained  by  Bishop  Hennessy,  and 
was  pastor  of  St.  Benedict's  church,  Decorah, 
Wis.,  1808-70.  In  1870  he  was  appointed  pastor  of 


[37] 


LENNOX 


LENOX 


Corpus  Christ!  church  and  of  the  adjoining  mis 
sions  at  Fort  Dodge,  Iowa,  where  he  labored  until 
his  consecration  as  bishop.  He  was  made  irre 
movable  rector  and 
dean  of  this  territory, 
and  held,  these  ofh'ces 
until  1897.  He  was 
proclaimed  iu  the 
consistory  at  Rome  in 
November,  1890,  Bish 
op  of  Cheyenne,  as 
successor  to  Hie  Rt. 
Rev.  Maurice  F. 
Burke,  and  was  con 
secrated  in  St.  Ra 
phael's  cathedral  at 
Dubuque,  Feb.  24,  18- 
97.  by  Archbishop 
Hennessy,  assisted 
by  Bishops  Cosgrove 

and     Bonacum.     being     the   first    bishop   conse 
crated  by  the  metropolitan  of  Dubnque. 

LENNOX,  Charlotte  Ramsey,  author,  was  born 
in  New  York  city  in  1720  ;  daughter  of  Colonel 
Ramsey,  lieutenant-governor  of  the  colony.  She 
was  sent  to  England  in  1735  to  complete  her  educa 
tion,  which  was  interrupted  by  the  death  of  her 
parents,  who  left  no  property.  She  was  patron 
ized  in  England  by  Lady  Buckingham  and  by  the 
Duchess  of  Newcastle.  She  appeared  in  public, 
first  as  an  actress  and  subsequently  as  an  author. 
She  married  Mr.  Lennox,  a  London  printer,  and 
after  his  death  was  wholly  dependent  on  her 
writings.  She  became  an  intimate  friend  of 
Samuel  Richardson  and  of  Samuel  Johnson. 
Johnson  wrote  the  introduction  to  "  The  Female 
Quixote,"  and  to  "Shakespeare  Illustrated." 
During  the  latter  pnrt  of  her  life  she  was  sup 
ported  by  the  London  literary  fund.  She  is  the 
author  of :  Poems  on  Several  Occasions  (1747)  ; 
Memoirs  of  Harriet  or  Harriot  Stuart  (1751 )  ; 
The  Female  Quixote  (1752)  ;  Shakespeare  111  it  s- 
trated  (3  vols.  175:5-54)  ;  Henrietta  (1758)  ;  Phi 
lander,  a  Dramatic  Pastoral  (1758)  ;  The  Duke 
of  Sally's  Memoirs,  translated  (1761):  Faiher 
Burmoi/'s  Greek  Theatre  (17(51)  :  Kopln'a  (17(>:5)  ; 
The  Sisters  (17(51))  ;  Oh  I  Cifi/  Manners  (177J5)  : 
Etipltemia  (1790)  ;  Memoirs  of  Henri/  Lennox 
(1804),  and  several  translations.  She  died  in  Lon 
don,  England,  Jan.  4.  1804,  and  was  buried  in 
Deans  Yard,  Westminster. 

LENOIR,  William,  soldier,  was  born  in  Bruns 
wick  county,  Va..  May  20.  1751.  His  parents, 
of  French-Huguenot  descent,  removed  in  1759 
to  Edgecombe  county,  N.C.,  where  he  received  a 
limited  education  and  was  married  in  1770  to  Ann 
Ballard  of  Halifax  county,  N.C.  He  removed  to 
near  Wilkesboro,  then  in  Surry  county,  in  1775  : 
became  a  member  of  the  council  of  safety  for  that 


county,  and  served  as  lieutenant  under  Capt.  Ben 
jamin  Cleveland  in  the  expeditions  of  General 
Rutherford  against  the  Cherokee  Indians.  He  en 
gaged  in  suppressing  the  Tories  ;  and  served  as  cap 
tain  of  the  North  Carolina  Rangers  under  Colonel 
Cleveland  in  the  battle  of  King's  Mountain,  Oct.  7, 
1780,  where  he  was  wounded.  He  took  part  in  the 
engagement  that  resulted  in  the  defeat  of  Colonel 
Pyle  near  the  Haw  river,  where  his  horse  was 
shot  under  him,  and  later  he  raised  a  company 
and  marched  toward  the  Dan  river,  witli  the  ex 
pectation  of  joining  General  Greene's  army,  but 
did  not  succeed.  He  passed  through  the  various 
grades  in  the  state  militia,  serving  as  major-gen 
eral,  1821-.'39.  He  was  register,  surveyor,  com 
missioner  of  affidavits,  chairman  of  the  county 
court,  and  clerk  of  the  superior  court  of  AVilkes 
county.  He  was  a  justice  of  the  peace  :  a  mem 
ber  of  the  house  of  commons  of  the  North  Caro 
lina,  legislature  for  several  years,  state  senator, 
1781-95,  and  president  of  the  senate  for  live 
years  ;  a  member  of  the  council  of  state  and  pres 
ident  of  its  board,  and  a  member  of  both  the  ctate 
conventions  which  met  for  the  purpose  of  con 
sidering  the  constitution  of  the  United  States,, 
where  he  insisted  on  the  adoption  of  the  pro. 
posed  amendments.  He  was  a  trustee  of  the 
University  of  North  Carolina.  1789-1804.  and  pres 
ident  of  the  board,  1790-92.  Lenoir  and  Lenoir 
county,  N.C..  were  named  for  him.  He  died  at 
Fort  Defiance.  Wilkes  county.  N.C..  May  (>.  18:59. 
LENOX,  James,  philanthropist,  was  born  in 
New  York  city.  Aug.  19.  ISO!);  son  of  Robert 
and  -  -  (Cariner)  Lenox.  His  father,  a 
wealthy  merchant  and  a  native  of  Philadelphia, 
Pa.,  removed  to  New  York  at  the  close  of  the 
American  Revolu 
tion,  and  at  his  death 
left  to  his  only  son 
and  seven  daughters 
property  valued  at 
several  million  dol 
lars,  earned  largely 
through  investment 
in  New  York  city 
real  estate  covering 
thirty  acres  known  as 
Lenox  Farm.  James 
was  graduated  at 
Columbia  college.  A. 
B..  1818.  A.M.,  1821. 
He  became  a  dis 
criminating  collec 
tor  of  books  and  works  of  art  in  America  and 
Europe,  lie  was  a  member  of  the  Presbyterian 
church,  and  a  generous  tlioutrli  unostentatious 
benefactor  to  the  charities  of  that  church.  He 
founded,  furnished  the  land,  and  contributed  the 
sum  of  ;i>735.000.to  build  Lenox  library,  and  when 


[381 


LENTZ 


LEONARD 


completed  furnished  it  with  books,  pictures  and 
sculpture  valued  at  over  one  million  dollars.  He 
also  gave  the  land  and  one  million  of  dollars  in 
money  to  found  the  Presbyterian  hospital,  and 
gave  liberally  to  the  American  Bible  society  of 
which  he  was  president  for  many  years.  To  the 
Presbyterian  church  on  73d  street,  New  York,  he 
gave  the  land  on  which  it  was  built,  valued  at 
$100.000,  and  he  also  donated  the  land  lor  the 
Presbyterian  home  for  aged  men.  worth  §64.000. 
He  was  a  liberal  patron  of  the  College  of  New  Jer 
sey,  and  of  Princeton  Theological  seminary,  and 
was  a  trustee  of  the  former,  1833-57,  and  of  the 
latter.  1835-47.  He  received  from  the  College  of 
New  Jersey  the  honorary  degree  of  A.M.  in  1821, 
and  that  of  LL.I).  in  1867,  and  from  Columbia 
college  that  of  LL.I).  in  1875.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  New  York  chamber  of  commerce,  1830- 
80.  Mr.  Lenox  never  married.  He  died  in  New 
York  city,  Feb.  18,  1880. 

LENTZ,  John  Jacob,  representative,  was  born 
near  St.  Clairsville,  Ohio,  Jan.  27.  1856  ;  son  of 
Simon  and  Anna  (Meyer)  Lentz,  and  grandson  of 
John  Lentz.  of  Bavaria,  Germany,  and  of  Jacob 
Meyer,  of  Monroe  county,  Ohio.  He  attend 
ed  the  district  schools  and  the  St.  Clairsville  high 
school ;  was  a  teacher  for  four  years,  and  was 
graduated  from  the  National  Normal  university 
at  Lebanon,  Ohio,  in  1877.  He  studied  at  the 
University  of  AVooster,  1877-78,  and  was  gradu 
ated  from  the  University  of  Michigan,  A.B..  1882, 
and  from  Columbia  college,  N.  Y.  city,  LL.B., 
1883.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  October, 
1883,  and  practised  at  Columbus,  Ohio.  He  was 
teachers'  examiner  for  five  years  of  the  city  of 
Columbus;  a  trustee  of  Ohio  university;  was 
elected  national  president  of  the  American  Insur 
ance  union,  September,  181)0,  and  repeatedly  re- 
elected  ;  and  was  a  Democratic  representative 
from  the  twelfth  district  of  Ohio  in  the  55th  and 
56th  congresses,  1897-1901. 

LEONARD,  Abiel,  jurist,  was  born  in  Wind 
sor,  Vt.,  May  16,  1797  ;  son  of  Capt.  Nathaniel 
Leonard,  of  Woodstock,  Conn.,  who  served  in  the 
war  of  1812,  and  commanded  Fort  Niagara  at  the 
time  of  the  capture  by  the  British  in  1813  ;  and 
grandson  of  the  Rev.  Dr.  Abiel  Leonard  (Har 
vard,  1759),  a  chaplain  in  Washington's  army. 
His  mother  was  a  granddaughter  of  Gen.  Natha- 
nael  Greene.  Abiel  attended  Dartmouth  college, 
1813-16,  leaving  on  account  of  failure  of  eyesight. 
He  studied  law  with  Gould  &  Sill  in  AYhites- 
boro,  N.Y.,  and  was  licensed  to  practise  in  1818. 
He  made  the  journey  of  1200  miles  to  Franklin. 
Mo.  Ty.,  in  1818,  where  he  established  a  school  and 
at  the  end  of  six  months  a  law  office.  In  1823 
he  became  circuit  attorney.  In  1824  he  fought  a 
duel  with  Maj.  Taylor  Berry  whom  he  mortally 
wounded.  He  was  married  in  October.  1830,  to 


Jeanette,  daughter  of  Col.  B.  H.  Reeves,  of 
Kentucky  ;  returned  to  Fayette,  Mo.,  and  was  a 
representative  in  the  Missouri  legislature  in  1835, 
where  he  carried  through  the  liberal  public  school 
system  of  the  state.  He  was  one  of  the  three 
justices  of  the  supreme  court  of  the  state,  1855- 
57.  tilling  out  the  unexpired  term  of  Hamilton  R. 
Gamble,  who  resigned  to  become  governor  of  the 
state  :  and  practised  law  in  Fayette  and  St.  Lou-is. 
1857-61,  when  he  retired  owing  to  ill  health.  He 
died  in  Fayette.  Mo..  March  28.  1863. 

LEONARD,  Abiel,  missionary  bishop  of  Salt 
Lake  and  145th  in  succession  in  the  American 
episcopate,  was  born  in  Fayette.  Mo..  June  26, 
1848  :  son  of  Abiel  and  Jeanette  (Reeves)  Leonard. 
He  was  graduated  from  Dartmouth  college, 
A.B..  1870.  A.M..  18- 
73,  and  from  the  Gen 
eral  Theological  sem 
inary  in  1873.  He 
was  ordered  deacon 
in  the  Church  of  the 
Transfiguration.  New 
York  city,  by  Bishop 
Robertson,  June  29, 
1873.  and  was  ad 
vanced  to  the  priest 
hood  at  St.  Mary's 
church,  Fayette,  Mo., 
Nov.  4,  1874.  He 
was  rector  of  Calvary 
church,  Sedalia,  Mo., 
1873.  Trinity  church, 

Hannibal,  Mo.,  1877-81,  Trinity  church,  At- 
chison.  Kan.,  1881-88  and  held  various  official 
positions  in  the  dioceses  where  his  work  was 
located.  He  was  married,  Oct.  21,  1875,  to 
Flora  T.,  daughter  of  A.  H.  Thompson  of  Sedalia, 
Mo.  He  was  chosen  missionary  bishop  of  Nevada 
and  Utah  in  1887  and  was  consecrated  in  Christ 
church.  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  Jan.  25.  1888,  by  Bishops 
Vail.  Quintard,  Tuttle,  Perry,  Burgess,  Seymour, 
Walker,  Thomas  and  Tnlbot.  The  diocese  of 
Western  Colorado  was  added  to  his  jurisdiction 
in  1895,  which  changed  his  title  to  missionary 
bishop  of  Nevada,  Utah  and  Western  Colorado, 
and  in  1899  to  missionary  bishop  of  Salt  Lake. 
He  received  the  degree  of  D.D.  from  Griswold 
college,  Davenport,  Iowa,  from  Bethany  college, 
Topeka.  Kan.,  in  1887,  and  from  the  General 
Theological  seminary  in  New  York  in  1894. 
He  published  sermons  and  addresses. 

LEONARD,  George,  jurist,  was  born  in  Taun- 
ton,  Mass.,  March  4,  1698;  son  of  Maj.  George 
and  Anna  (Tisdale)  Leonard  ;  grandson  of 
Thomas  and  Maiy  (Watson)  Leonard  ;  and  great 
grandson  of  James  and  Margaret  Leonard  who 
emigrated  from  Wales  with  Henry  Leonard, 
brother  of  James,  in  1652,  and  settled  in  Taunton, 


[39] 


LEONARD 


LERAY 


Mass.,  in  1653,  where  they  engaged  in  the  manu 
facture  of  iron.  George  Leonard  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  about  1720.  He  was  married  in  1721  to 
Rachel  Clap  of  Scituate.  He  was  justice  of  the 
peace,  1723-37  ;  judge  of  the  court  of  common 
pleas,  1725-30,  1733-40,  and  1740-74  ;  and  judge  of 
the  probate  court,  1747-78.  He  died  in  Norton, 
Mass.,  Dec.  4,  1778. 

LEONARD,  George,  representative,  was  born 
in  Norton,  Mass.,  July  4,  1729;  son  of  Judge 
George  and  Rachel  (Clap)  Leonard.  He  was 
graduated  at  Harvard,  A.B.  1748,  A.M.  1751; 
was  register  of  the  probate  court,  1749-83;  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1750.  He  was  married 
Nov.  27, 1759,  to  Experience,  daughter  of  the  Hon. 
Samuel  White,  of  Taunton.  He  was  a  represen 
tative  in  the  provincial  legislature,  1704-66  ;  coun 
cillor,  1770-75  ;  judge  of  the  probate  court.  1784- 
90  :  judge  of  the  court  of  common  pleas,  1785-98, 
and  chief  justice,  1798-1804.  He  represented 
Massachusetts  in  the  1st,  3d  and  4th  congresses, 
1789-91  and  1793-97  ;  was  a  state  senator,  1792-93, 
and  a  state  representative.  1801-02.  He  received 
the  honorary  degree  of  A.M.  from  Yale  in  1753 
and  that  of  LL.D.  from  Brown  in  1804.  He 
died  in  Raynham.  Mass..  July  26,  1819. 

LEONARD,  Stephen  Banks,  representative, 
was  born  in  New  York  city.  April  15,  1793:  son 
of  Silas  and  Joanna  (Gregory)  Leonard,  of  Bridge 
port.  Conn.,  grandson  of  Joshua  Leonard  of  New 
Jersey,  and  a  descendant  of  James  and  Henry 
Leonard  of  Taunton,  Mass.,  1653.  He  removed 
with  his  parents  to  Owego,  N.Y.,  and  learned  the 
printer's  trade.  He  was  married,  Feb.  22.  1818,  to 
Esther  H.  Sperry,  daughter  of  Jared  Sperry  of 
New  Preston,  Conn.  He  purchased  the  American 
Farmer  in  1814,  and  changed  the  name  to  Oweyo 
Gazette  which  he  continued  to  publish  until  1835. 
He  carried  the  tirst  mail  through  Tioga  county  in 
1814  on  horseback  and  established  the  first  stage 
route  from  Owego  to  Bath  in  1816.  He  was  post 
master  of  Owego,  1816-20  and  1844-49  ;  super 
visor  of  the  town  in  1854  and  1856  ;  a  Democratic 
representative  in  the  24th  and  26th  congresses, 
1835-37  and  1839-41.  and  deputy  U.S.  marshal 
during  the  administration  of  President  Buchanan, 
1857-61.  He  died  in  Owego.  N.  Y..  May  8,  1876. 

LEONARD,  William  Andrew,  fourth  bishop 
of  Ohio  and  151st  in  succession  in  the  American 
episcopate,  was  born  in  Southport,  Conn..  July 
15,1848;  son  of  William  Boardman  and  Louisa 
(Buckley)  Leonard,  grandson  of  Stephen  Banks 
Leonard  (q.  v.) ;  great  grandson  of  Silas  Leonard, 
and  a  descendant  of  Henry  Leonard,  Taunton, 
Mass.,  1653.  He  was  a  student  at  Phillips  An- 
dover  academy,  and  at  St.  Stephen's  college.  An- 
nandale,  N.Y..  and  was  graduated  at  Berkeley 
Divinity  school,  Middletown,  Conn.,  in  1871.  He 
was  made  deacon  May,  31,  1871,  and  ordained 


He  was 
D.D..at 


priest,  July  22,  1872.     He  was  married,  April  17. 

1873,  to     Sarah  Louisa,      daughter     of     Thomas 

and  Phebe   Sullivan  of  Brooklyn,  N.Y. 

assistant  to    the  Rev.  Charles  H.   Hall, 

Holy    Trinity  church,  Brooklyn,    N.Y.,    1871-72, 

and  was  rector  of  the 

Church    of     the    Re 

deemer,  Brooklyn.  N. 

Y..  1872-80,  and  of  St. 

John's  church,  Wash 

ington,    D.C.,      1880- 

89.      He  was   chosen 

missionary  bishop  of 

Washington       Terri 

tory   in  1880,  but  de 

clined    the     appoint 

ment.     He  was  elect 

ed  bishop  of  Ohio   in 

1889   and  was   conse 

crated  in  St.  Thomas.'s 

churc-h.     New    York, 

Oct.  12.  1889.  by  Bish 

ops    Williams.  Doane.  Whitehead.  Pa  ret.  Whip- 

pie.  Vincent,  and  Courtney  of  Nova  Scotia.     He 

received  the  degree  of  D.I),   from   St.  Stephen's 

college  in    1SS1    and    from    Washington  and  Lee 

university   in    1883.      He    is  the  author   of    Via 

Sacra,   or   Footprints    of  Christ    (1879);     Brief 

History  of  the  Christian  Church  (1883);   A  Faith 

ful  Life    (1887)  ;  Church.  Club   Lectures    (1893)  •„ 

Bedell  Lectures  (181)4). 

LERAY,  Francis  Xavier,  R.C.  archbishop,  was 
born  at  Chateaugiron.  Rennes.  France,  April  20, 
1825.  He  studied  for  the  priesthood,  and  in  1843 
emigrated  to  the  United  States.  He  was  a  teacher 
in  Spring  Hill  college,  Mobile.  Ala.;  a  seminarian 
at  the  Sulpitian  college  of  Baltimore,  and  on 
graduating  became  prefect  of  St.  Mary's  college. 
He  subsequently  travelled  as  a  missionary  through 
the  southwest,  and  on  March  19,  1852.  was  or 
dained  priest  by  Bishop  Chanche  at  Natchez, 
Miss.  Tie  was  at  Jackson.  Miss.,  through  the  yel 
low  fever  epidemics  of  1853  and  1855  ;  established 
a  parish  at  Yicksburg,  Miss.,  in  1857.  and  the 
Sisters  of  Mercy  in  i860,  bringing  the  first  mem 
bers  of  the  order  from  Baltimore.  He  joined  the 
Confederate  army  in  1861  as  chaplain,  and  placed 
the  army  hospitals  of  the  diocese  in  charge  of  the 
Sisters  of  Mercy.  At  the  close  of  hostilities  he 
returned  to  Yicksburg  and  re-established  the 
various  Catholic  institutions  interrupted  by  the 
war,  and  when  the  cholera  visited  the  city  in 
1867  he  placed  trained  nurses  from  the  orders  of 
women  in  charge  of  the  temporary  hospitals.  Ho 
was  elected  bishop  of  Natchitoches,  La.,  in  1877, 
as  successor  to  Bishop  A.  M.  Martin,  who  died, 
Sept.  29,  1875,  and  he  went  to  France  to  receive 
consecration  in  his  native  city.  April  22.  1877,  at 
the  hands  of  Cardinal  St.  Marc,  archbishop  of 


[40] 


LKKOY 


LESLEY 


JJ.S.S.    OSSlPEE. 


Rennes,  assisted  by  Bishop  Hailandiere,  bishop  of 
Vincennes,  Ind.,  1839-47,  and  Mgr.  Nouvel,  bishop 
of  Quimper,  France.  He  was  named  Bishop  of 
Janopolis,  coadjutor  of  New  Orleans  and  admin 
istrator  of  Natchitoches,  Oct.  23.  1879,  and  was 
promoted  to  the  see  of  New  Orleans  as  arch 
bishop,  Dec.  27,  1883,  receiving  the  pallium  from 
Cardinal  Gibbons  in  January,  1884.  He  died  at 
Chateaugiron,  France,  Sept.  23,  1887. 

LEROY,  William  Edgar,  naval  officer,  was 
born  in  New  York  city,  March  24,  1818.  He  en 
tered  the  U.S.  navy  as  a  midshipman,  Jan.  11, 
1832  ;  was  promoted  passed  midshipman  in  June, 
1838,  and  lieutenant,  July  13.  1843.  He  served  on 

the  OJiio,  Com 
modore  Hull's 
flags!) ip,  and  at 
the  outbreak  of 
the  Mexican  war 
"was  attached  to 
the  Princeton, 
and  in  1847  par 
ticipated  in  the 
engagement  with  the  Mexican  soldiers  at  Rio 
Aribiqua.  He  commanded  the  Mystic  off  the  Afri 
can  coast  in  18(51 ;  was  promoted  commander,  July 
1,  1861,  and  assigned  to  the  command  of  the  Key 
stone  State  of  the  Soutli  Atlantic  squadron.  He 
aided  in  the  capture  of  Fernandina.  Fla.,  1862,  and 
participated  in  an  engagement  with  Confederate 
iron-clads  in  January.  1863.  in  Charleston  harbor, 
S.C..  where  the  C/i/coro,  Capt.  J.  R.  Tucker, 
rammed  the  Keystone  State  and  caused  him  to 
lower  his  flag,  but  the  Confederate  vessel  not 
taking  advantage  of  the  situation,  Captain  Leroy 
again  hoisted  the  flag  ar.d  retained  possession  of 
his  vessel.  He  was  transferred  to  the  West  Gulf 
squadron  in  1864,  and  commanded  the  steam 
sloop  Oneidd  and  the  Ossipee.  While  in  com 
mand  of  the  Onsipee  at  the  battle  of  Mobile  Bay, 
Aug.  5,  1864,  the  ram  Tennessee,  Commander 
James  T.  Johnston,  surrendered  to  him  ;  and  he 
was  a  member  of  the  board  of  survey  appointed 
by  Admiral  Farragut  to  report  on  the  condition 
of  that  vessel  after  the  battle.  He  was  promoted 
captain,  July  25.  1H66,  and  was  fleet  captain  of 
the  European  squadron  under  Farragut,  1867-68. 
He  was  promoted  commodore.  July  3,  1870  ;  rear- 
admiral.  April  5,  1874,  and  commanded  the  Soutli 
Atlantic  squadron,  1876-79.  He  was  retired, 
March  20,  1880,  on  reaching  the  age  of  sixty- 
two  years.  He  died  in  New  York,  Dec.  10,  1888. 
LESLEY,  Peter,  geologist,  was  born  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa.,  Sept.  17,  1819;  son  of  Peter  and 
Elizabeth  Oswald  (Allen)  Lesley,  and  grandson 
of  Peter  Lesley,  who  emigrated  from  Aberdeen- 
shire,  Scotland.  He  was  graduated  at  the  Uni 
versity  of  Pennsylvania.  A.B.,  1838.  A.M..  1841. 
He  assisted  Henry  D.  Rogers  in  the  survey  of 


Pennsylvania,  1839-41,  and  had  charge  of  the 
maps  and  illustrations  for  the  first  report  issued 
in  1842.  In  1841  lie  changed  his  name  to  J.  P. 
Lesley  for  business  reasons.  He  was  a  student  at 
the  Princeton  Theological  seminary,  N.J.,  1841- 
43,  and  was  licensed 
to  preach  by  the  pres 
bytery  of  Philadel 
phia,  April  4,  1844. 
In  that  year  lie  trav 
elled  in  Europe,  and 
attended  lectures  at 
the  University  at 
Halle.  In  1845  he 
was  a  colporteur  in 
northern  and  middle 
Pennsylvania,  em 
ployed  by  the  Ameri 
can  Tract  society. 
His  license  was  with 
drawn,  May  o,  1848, 
and  lie  engaged  in 
geological  work  in  Boston,  Mass.,  and  was  pastor 
of  the  Congregational  church  in  Milton,  1848-51. 
Thereafter  he  devoted  himself  exclusively  to 
geology,  making  his  home  in  Philadelphia.  He 
was  secretary  of  the  American  Iron  association, 
1855-59,  and  secretary  and  librarian  of  the  Amer 
ican  Philosophical  S3ciety,  1858-73,  meantime 
surveying  the  Cape  Breton  coal  fields,  1H62-63. 
and  making  exploring  tours  in  the  United  States 
and  Canada.  In  1863  he  was  sent  to  Europe  by 
the  Pennsylvania  railroad  company  to  examine 
the  methods  of  manufacturing  steel  from  iron, 
and  report  upon  the  success  of  Bessemer's  con 
verter.  He  travelled  through  England,  Belgium 
and  the  south  of  France  wherever  the  flasks  had 
been  erected.  He  was  chosen  a  corporate  mem 
ber  of  the  National  Academy  of  Sciences,  and  in 
1867  was  a  commissioner  to  the  World's  Fair  in 
Paris.  He  was  professor  of  geology  and  mining 
and  dean  of  the  scientific  faculty.  University  of 
Pennsylvania,  1872-80,  and  was  then  made  pro 
fessor  emeritus.  In  1874  lie  was  chief  geologist 
in  the  second  survey  of  Pennsylvania  and  pub 
lished  over  seventy  reports  in  connection  with  this 
work.  He  was  elected  president  of  the  American 
Association  for  the  Advancement  of  Science  in 
1884.  He  lectured  before  the  Lowell  Institute  in 
Boston  ;  was  made  a  life  member  of  numerous 
important  scientific  societies  in  America  and  Eu 
rope  ;  and  received  the  degree  of  LL.D.  in  1878 
from  Trinity  college,  Dublin.  He  was  married 
in  1849  to  Susan  Inches,  daughter  of  Judge  Joseph 
Lyman,  of  Northampton,  Mass.  She  wrote  "  Re 
collections  of  My  Mother."  a  memoir  of  Mrs. 
Anne  J.  Lyman  (1876.  2d  ed.,  1886).  After  a 
severe  illness  in  1866,  Dr.  Lesley  spent  a  portion 
of  each  alternate  year  in  Europe.  He  is  the  au- 


[41] 


LESLIE 


LESLIE 


thorof:  Coal  and  its  Topography  (1856);  Guide 
to  the  Iron  Works  of  the  United  States  ;  The  Iron 
Manufacturer's  Guide  (1859);  Man's  Origin  and 
Destiny  from  the  Platform  of  Sciences,  Lowell  In 
stitute  lectures,  1863-66  (1868);  Catalogue  of 
American  Philosophical  Society  Library.  ^csv;j-?,v  ,• 
Paul  Dreifnss— His  Holiday  Abroad  (1884):  Dic 
tionary  of  the  Fossils  of  Pennsylvania  (1892);  A 
Summary  of  Final  Reports,  Second  Geological 
Survey  of  Pennsylvania  (1892). 

LESLIE,  Charles  Robert,  painter,  was  born 
in  London,  England.  Oct.  19,  1794:  son  of  Robert 
and  Lydia  (Barker)  Leslie,  natives  of  Philadel 
phia,  Pa.,  and  a  descendant  of  Robert  Lesley  of 
Bull's  Mountain.  Cecil  county,  Mel.,  who  emi 
grated  from  England  about  1645.  He  was  a 
student  at  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1807- 
10 :  an  apprentice  in  the  bookstore  of  Samuel 
Bradford,  where  he  displayed  his  talent  in  art  ; 
and  was  sent  by  the  merchants  of  Philadelphia 
to  England,  to  study  under  Benjamin  West  and 
Washington  Allston.  In  London  he  was  pa 
tronized  by  the  leaders  in  art  and  letters  ;  won 
silver  medals  at  the  Royal  Academy,  and  painted 
"  The  Murder  Scene  from  Macbeth  "  ;  '•  Sir  Roger 
de  Coveiiey  Going  to  Church  "  and  "  May  Day  in 
the  Reign  of  Queen  Elizabeth."  He  was  made  an 
associate  of  the  Royal  Academy  in  1821,  and  a 
royal  academician  in  1825.  He  exhibited  "  Au- 
tolycus  and  Perdita  "  (1836);  "  Lady  Jane  Grey 
Prevailed  on  to  Accept  the  Crown  "  and  "  Sir 
Roger  de  Coverley  and  the  Gypsies "  (1829); 
"Anne  Page  and  Master  Slender  "  and  "  Uncle 
Toby  and  the  Widow  "  (1831).  He  was  professor 
of  drawing  in  the  U.S.  Military  academy,  1831- 
32;  and  returned  to  England  in  1834,  to  execute 
a  companion  picture  to  "  Sancho  Panza  and  the 
Duchess."  He  also  painted,  "The  Introduction 
of  Gulliver  to  the  Queen  of  Brobdingnag"  ;  "  Lady 
Carlisle  Carrying  the  Pardon  to  her  Father  in  the 
Tower";  "  The  Chaplain's  Protest  in  Don  Quix 
ote  "  ;  "  Columbus  ''  ;  "  Don  Quixote  in  the  Sierra 
Morena  "  ;  "  Sancho  Panza"  ;  "  The  Coronation  of 
Queen  Victoria"  and  "The  Christening  of  the 
Princess  Royal."  He  taught  classes  in  the  Royal 
Academy,  1848-51,  and  his  last  picture,  "  Hotspur 
and  Lady  Percy,"  was  exhibited  in  1859.  Numer 
ous  of  his  creations  were  multiplied  and  popu 
larized  by  eminent  steel-plate  engravers,  and  he 
was  among  the  first  artists  to  urge  that  steel- 
plate  engravers  be  admitted  to  membership  in 
the  Royal  Academy.  He  was  elected  a  member 
of  the  American  Philosophical  society  in  1837. 
His  brother,  Thomas  Jefferson  Leslie  (born  in 
London,  Nov.  2,  1796  ;  died  in  New  York  city, 
Nov.  25,  1874),  was  graduated  from  the  U.S. 
military  academy,  in  1815;  was  bre vetted  lieu 
tenant-colonel,  colonel,  and  brigadier-general  for 
fifty  years'  service  in  the  pay  department,  in 


1865,  and  was  retired  in  1869.  His  sister,  Eliza 
(born  Nov.  16,  1787  ;  died  Jan.  2,  1858),  was  the 
author  of  many  popular  books  on  domestic  eco 
nomy,  diaries  Robert  Leslie  is  the  author  of  : 
Memoir  of  Joint  Constable  (1848);  Hand  Booh  for 
Young  Painters  (1855):  Autobiographical  Recol 
lections  (I860):  Life  and  Times  of  Sir  Josh ua 
Key n olds  (1865).  He  died  in  London,  England, 
May  5.  IS,")!). 

LESLIE,  Frank,  publisher,  was  born  in  Ips 
wich,  England,  March  29,  1821  ;  son  of  Joseph 
Carter,  a  glove  manufacturer,  and  was  named 
Henry  Carter.  He  was  educated  in  Ipswich, 
England,  and  was  in  the  employ  of  his  uncle, 
a  dry-goods  merchant  in  London,  1838-41.  Dur 
ing  this  engagement  he  contributed  pen  draw 
ings  to  Tlie  Illustrated  London  Neirs.  signing 
them  "  Frank  Leslie."  This  led  to  his  securing 
tlie  position  of  superintendent  of  the  art  depart 
ment  of  this  periodical,  which  he  held  until  1848. 
Meanwhile  he  made  a  study  of  the  publishing 
business  as  conducted  in  London,  at  the  same 
time  gaining  a  reputation  as  an  expert  wood  en 
graver.  He  came  to  the  United  States  in  1848, 
where  he  made  Frank  Leslie  his  lawful  cogno 
men.  He  was  employed  on  Gleason's  Pictorial, 
Boston,  Mass.,  1848-49  ;  was  superintendent  of  the 
engraving  department  of  the  Illustrated  Neu-s, 
published  by  P.  T.  Barnum.  1850-54,  and  in  1854 
established  The  Gazette  of  Fashion  and  The,  New 
York  Journal.  The  first  number  of  Frank  Leslie's 
Illustrated  Neu'spaper  appeared  Dec.  14,  1855, 
and  was  profusely  illustrated  with  pictures  of 
current  events.  He  was  the  first  to  introduce 
into  his  illustrating  department  the  system  of 
separating  the  block  on  which  the  illustration 
was  drawn  and  assigning  each  piece  to  an  en 
graver,  thus  insuring  the  speedy  completion  of 
large  illustrations.  He  established  The  Chimney 
Corner  (1865)  ;  The  Boys  and  Girls  Weekly  (1866); 
The  Chatterbox  (1868);  The  Jolly  Joker  (1869); 
The  Lady's  Journal,  a  weekly  (1870);  The  Budget 
of  Fun,  a  monthly  (1872):  The  New  World,  a 
weekly  (1873);  Pleasant  Hours  (1873):  The  Pop 
ular  Monthly  (1876);  The  Sunday  Magazine 
(1878);  The  Illustrated  Almanac  and  Tlie  Comic 
Almanac.  He  failed  in  business  in  1877  and  from 
that  time  until  his  death  directed  the  business  in 
the  interest  of  his  creditors.  He  received  the 
medal  of  the  American  Institute  for  Wood-En 
graving  in  1848  :  was  sent  as  a  U.S.  commissioner 
of  fine  arts  to  the  Paris  exposition  of  1867,  and 
while  in  Paris  was  personally  decorated  with  a 
medal  by  Napoleon  III.  for  his  services  as  jury 
man.  He  was  also  president  of  the  New  York 
state  commission  to  the  Centennial  exhibition  at 
Philadelphia,  in  1876.  He  was  twice  married  and 
by  his  first  wife  had  sons  :  Henry.  Alfred  and 
Scipio.  He  died  in  New  York  city,  Jan.  10,  1880. 


[42] 


LESLIE 


LESQUEREUX 


LESLIE,  Miriam  Florence,  (Frank  Leslie), 
publisher,  was  born  in  New  Orleans,  La.,  and  was 
descended  from  a  French-Creole  family.  She 
received  a  broad  education  including  all  the  ac 
complishments  with  many  solid  and  useful  attain 
ments,  and  at  an  early  age  was  married  to  the 
Hon.  E.  G.  Sijiiier,  and  accompanied  him  imme 
diately  after  marriage  to  Peru,  where  lie  was 
U.S.  commissioner,  18G3-0.~>.  She  early  evinced 
literary  ability  and  while  her  husband  was  editor 
of  Frank  Leslie's  Illustrated  Newspaper,  she  be 
came  editor  of  Frank  Leslie's  Lady's  Magazine  and 
Lady's  Journal.  She  was  married,  July  13,  1871, 
to  Frank  Leslie,  and  during  his  lifetime  learned 
all  the  details  of  the  publishing  business  in  which 
she  assisted  him.  After  the  death  of  Mr.  Leslie, 
she  continue:!  the  editorial  management  under 
the  assignee,  till  that  office  was  dissolved.  She 
adopted  the  name  of  Frank  Leslie  by  legal  pro 
cess,  in  June.  1881,  and  afterward  personally 
managed  the  entire  business,  discharging  debts 
amounting  to  8300,000,  and  placing  the  concern 
on  a  paying  basis.  The  business  was  incorporated 
as  the  Frank  Leslie  Publishing  House  in  1808, 
and  she  was  president  and  chief  owner  and  man 
ager.  She  travelled  in  Europe  extensively  during 
the  summer  of  each  year  until  1899,  when  she 
again  took  up  the  editorship  of  Frank  Leslie's 
Popular  Mon Ililij  and  discontinued  it  in  1901.  re 
turning  to  France.  She  contributed  to  maga 
zines  and  is  the  author  of  From  Gotliatti  to  the 
(1  olden  (fate;  Itza  ;  Are  We  all  Deceivers?  A 
Social  Mirage;  Rents  in  otir  Robes;  and  other 
books. 

LESLIE,  Preston  Hopkins,  governor  of  Ken 
tucky,  was  born  in  Clinton  county.  Ky..  March  2, 
1819;  son  of  Vachael  H.  and  Sallie  (Hopkins) 
Leslie,  and  grandson  of  Vachael  Leslie,  and  of 

Dennis  Hopkins,  sol 
diers  in  the  American 
Revolution.  He  was 
educated  in  the  old- 
field  schools  and  the 
academy  at  Colum 
bia,  Ky..  and  worked 
as  a  common  laborer 
until  1835  when  he 
became  a  clerk  iirst 
in  a  store  and  then  in 
the  county  clerk's  of 
fice.  He  studied  law 
under  Rice  Maxey 
and  practised  in 
Monroe  county.  Ky., 
1810-4-3,  and  in  Jack 
son  county,  1842-53.  He  was  a  representative 
in  the  state  legislature,  1814-40  ;  state  senator, 
1851-:"),  and  from  Barren  conn'.v.  INCiT-Tl.  serving 
as  speaker  of  the  senate,  18M-71.  On  the  resigna- 


<® 

Jo- 


tion  of  Governor  Stevenson,  Feb.  13,  1871,  to  take 
his  seat  in  the  U.S.  senate,  Speaker  Leslie 
became  ex  offlcio  governor  of  Kentucky  and 
was  inaugurated  for  the  balance  of  Senator 
Stevenson's  term.  He  was  elected  governor  as 
his  own  successor  Aug.  7,  1871.  his  term  expiring 
September,  1875.  He  practised  law  in  Glasgow. 
Barren  county,  1875-81  ;  was  judge  of  the  circuit 
court,  1881-87;  governor  of  Montana  Territory, 
1887-89,  and  U.S.  attorney  for  the  district  of 
Montana,  1894-98.  In  1898  he  resumed  the 
practice  of  law  in  Helena,  Mont. 

LESQUEREUX,  Leo,  paleontologist,  was  born 
in  Fleurier,  Switzerland.  Nov.  18, 1806  ;  of  Hugue 
not  parents.  While  a  student  at  the  Academy  of 
Neuchatel,  he  formed  a  friendship  with  Arnold 
Gnyot,  with  whom  he  studied  natural  science, 
and  in  1827  he  went 
to  Eisenach  to  study 
German.  He  mar 
ried  in  1829  the 
daughter  of  General 
Von  Wolff  skel.  He 
was  principal  of  a  col 
lege  at  La  Chaux  de 
Fonds,  1829-34.  when 
deafness  compelled 
him  to  take  up  watch- 
engraving  and  watch- 
spring  making  to  sup 
port  his  family.  Dur 
ing  his  leisure  mo 
ments  he  collected 
mosses  and  speci 
mens  of  fossil  plants.  His  memoirs  on  these 
specimens  were  published  and  favorably  no 
ticed  by  Louis  Agassiz,  who  was  then  professor 
of  natural  sciences  at  the  Academy  of  Neuchatel. 
In  1844  Lesquereux  won  a  gold  medal  from  the 
canton  of  Neuchatel  for  an  essay  on  the  prepara 
tion  and  use  of  peat  for  fuel  which  was  accepted 
by  scientists  and  still  continues  an  authority  on 
the  subject.  He  was  made  director  of  operations 
to  utilize  the  peat-bogs  of  that  canton,  and  after 
ward  went  through  northern  Europe  on  similar 
work  under  the  patronage  of  the  King  of  Prussia. 
The  revolutionary  council  of  Geneva  deprived 
him  of  government  employment,  and  with  his 
wife  and  five  children  he  immigrated  to  America 
in  1848,  where  he  was  welcomed  to  the  home  of 
Louis  Agassiz,  who  gave  him  employment  in 
arranging  the  botanical  portion  of  his  collections 
from  Lake  Superior.  He  removed  to  Columbus, 
Ohio,  in  December,  1848  and  studied  in  the 
laboratory  of  William  S.  Sullivant.  In  1849  at 
Mr.  Sullivant's  suggestion  he  travelled  through 
the  southern  mountains  and  collected  botanical 
specimens,  which  resulted  in  the  work  Miisei, 
Boreali  Americani,  quorum  speeiniina  Exsiccati 


i  13 


LESTER 


LESUEUlt 


ediderunt  W.  S.  SuUivant  et  L.  Lesquereux  (1856  ; 
2d  ed. ,  1865) .  He  also  assisted  Mr.  Sulli vant  in  the 
preparation  of  the  latter's  works  on  the  mosses  of 
the  Wilkes  South  Pacific  exploring  expedition, 
Whipple's  Pacific  Railroad  exploration,  and  the 
Icones  Mitseorum.  In  1850  be  began  his  practical 
researches  in  the  coal  formations  of  the  United 
States,  examining  the  coal  strata  of  Ohio,  Ken 
tucky,  Illinois,  Arkansas  and  Pennsylvania,  and 
adding  memoirs  to  the  state  geological  surveys. 
His  work  in  this  field  is  said  to  have  been 
his  most  important  contribution  to  science.  He 
became  a  member  or  officer  in  the  principal 
scientific  societies  in  the  United  States  and 
Europe,  and  in  1864  was  elected  the  first  member 
of  the  National  Academy  of  Sciences.  He  was  a 
close  friend  and  correspondent  of  all  the  leading 
paleontologists  of  Europe  and  America.  The 
degree  of  LL.D.  was  given  him  by  Marietta 
college  in  1875.  His  published  works  include : 
Catalogue  of  the  Mosses  of  Switzerland,  and 
Memoirs  (1840)  ;  Letters  Written  on  Germany 
(1856)  ;  Letters  Written  on  America  (1847-55)  ; 
Icones  Muscornm  (1864);  Catalogue  of  the  Fossil 
Plants  which  have  been  Named  or  Described  from 
the  Coal-Measures  of  North  America  (1858)  ;  On 
Land  Plants  in  the  Lower  Silurian  ( 1874) ;  The 
Tertiary  Flora  (1877)  ;  The  Coal  Flora  (3  vols. 
with  atlas,  1880-84)  ;  Manual  of  the  Mosses  of 
North  America,  with  Thomas  P.  James  (1884)  ; 
Remarks  on  some  Fossil  Remains  Considered  as 
Marine  Plants  (1890):  The  Flora  of  the  Dakota 
Group  (edited  by  F.  H.  Knowlton  (1891),  and 
many  memoirs,  his  works  approximating  fifty 
publications.  He  died  at  Columbus,  Ohio,  Oct. 
25,  1889. 

LESTER,  Charles  Edwards,  author,  was  born 
in  Griswold,  Conn.,  July  15,  1815.  He  was  ma 
ternally  a  descendant  of  Jonathan  Edwards. 
After  receiving  a  thorough  classical  education  lie 
travelled  in  the  south  and  west,  studied  law  for 
one  year  in  Mississippi,  but  abandoned  law  for  the 
ministry,  and  was  a  student  at  Auburn  Theological 
seminary,  1835-36.  He  was  pastor  of  a  Congre 
gational  church  at  Liverpool,  N.Y.,  in  1837,  but 
on  account  of  weak  lungs  gave  up  the  ministry 
and  went  abroad  in  search  of  health.  He  visited 
Great  Britain  in  1840,  as  one  of  the  Ameri 
can  delegates  to  the  Exeter  Hall  Anti-slavery  con 
vention  ;  was  U.S.  Consul  at  Genoa,  Italy,  1842-47, 
and  then  returned  to  New  York  city  and  engaged 
in  literary  work  until  a  short  time  before  his 
death.  He  edited  various  journals  and  magazines, 
and  is  the  author  of :  The  Mountain  Wild  Flower 
(1838);  The  Glory  and  Shame  of  England  (2  vols., 
1841);  Condition  and  Fate  of  England  (2  vols., 
1843) ;  The  Artist,  Merchant  and  Statesman  (1 845) ; 
Life  and  Voyages  of  Americus  Vespucius  (1846); 
Artists  in  America  (1846)  ;  My  Consulship^  vols.. 

[441 


1851);  The  Napoleon  Dynasty  (1852);  Life  and 
Public  Services  of  Charles  Sumner  (1874);  Our 
First  Hundred  Years  (1874);  America's  Advance 
ment  (1878);  The  Mexican  Republic  (1878);  His 
tory  of  the  United  States  (2  vols.,  1883);  Life  and 
Achievements  of  Sam  Houston  (1883).  His  trans 
lations  include:  Alfieri's  Autobiography  (1845); 
Massimo  d'Azeglio's  Challenge  of  Barletta  (1845); 
Machiavelli's  Florentine  Histories  (1845);  Ausaldo- 
Ceba's  Citizens  of  a  Republic  (1845).  He  died  in 
Detroit,  Mich..  Jan.  29,  1890. 

LESTER,  Posey  Green,  representative,  was 
born  in  Floyd  county,  Va.,  March  12,  1850.  He 
remained  on  his  father's  farm  until  1870,  attend 
ing  the  district  school  in  winter,  and  completed 
his  education  in  the  public  school  after  1870.  He 
taught  for  a  time  in  a  literary  and  vocal  school, 
and  became  an  Old-School  Baptist  preacher  in 
1876.  He  travelled  and  preached  in  eighteen 
states.  He  was  a  Democratic  representative  from 
the  fifth  Virginia  district  in  the  51st  and  52d 
congresses,  1889-93.  He  became  in  1883  an  asso 
ciate  editor  of  Zions  Landmark,  an  Old-School 
Baptist  monthly  established  by  D.  P.  Gold,  Wil 
son,  N.C.,  and  also  assisted  in  the  publication  of 
a  hymn  and  tune  book  for  use  in  the  Old-School 
Baptist  church. 

LESTER,  Rufus  Ezekiel,  representative,  was 
born  in  Burke  county,  Ga.,  Dec.  12,  1837  ;  son  of 
Ezekiel  and  Mary  (Lewis)  Lester,  and  grandson 
of  Ezekiel  and  Elizabeth  (Stringer)  Lester  and  of 
John  and  Mary  (Warnock)  Lewis.  He  was  grad 
uated  from  Mercer  university,  A.B.,  1857,  A.M., 
1860  ;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1859  and  prac 
tised  law  in  Savannah.  In  1861  lie  entered  the 
service  of  the  Confederate  States,  remaining  in 
the  army  until  the  surrender  of  Appomatox,  when 
he  resumed  his  practice  at  Savannah.  He  was 
state  senator  from  the  first  district  of  Georgia, 
1870-79  ;  president  of  the  Georgia  senate,  1876- 
79  ;  mayor  of  Savannah,  1883-89,  and  a  Democratic 
representative  from  the  first  district  of  Georgia  in 
the  51st,  52d,  53d,  54th,  55th,  56th  and  57th  con 
gresses,  1889-1903. 

LESUEUR,  Charles  Alexander,  ichthyologist, 
was  born  at  Havre-de-Grace.  France,  Jan.  1, 1778  ; 
son  of  Jean  Baptiste  Denis  Lesueur,  an  officer  of 
the  admiralty.  He  was  educated  in  the  schools 
of  France,  and  developed  marked  artistic  ability. 
He  accompanied  the  French  government  expedi 
tion  of  scientific  discovery  to  the  southern  part  of 
the  eastern  hemisphere,  1800-04,  and  illustrated 
the  private  journal  of  Nicholas  Baudin,  com 
mander  of  the  expedition.  Lesueur  and  Dr. 
Peron,  the  zoologist,  were  the  only  members  of  the 
expedition  who  returned,  and  their  reports  showed 
that  the  results  of  the  expedition  had  been  the 
discovery  of  nearly  2500  new  species  of  fishes. 
Lesueur  came  to  the  United  States  in  1816,  and 


LETCHER 


LEUTZE 


settled  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  where  he  engaged  in 
teaching  drawing  and  painting,  1810-27,  and  in 
1827  he  joined  the  socialistic  colony,  established 
by  Robert  Owen  at  New  Harmony,  Ind.  In  1834 
he  removed  to  New  Orleans,  La.,  and  in  1837 
sailed  from  there  to  France,  where  lie  spent  the 
remainder  of  his  life  as  a  teacher  of  painting. 
His  most  important  scientific  work  was  done  in 
America,  he  being  the  first  to  study  the  ichthy 
ology  of  the  Great  American  lakes.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  American  Philosophical  society, 
and  of  the  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences,  and 
was  appointed  curator  of  the  newly  established 
Museum  of  Natural  History  at  Havre,  France,  in 
1845.  He  is  the  author  of  numerous  important 
scientific  papers  and  of  many  contributions  to 
scientific  journals  in  France  and  the  United  States. 
He  died  in  Havre,  France,  Dec.  13,  1846. 

LETCHER,  John,  governor  of  Virginia,  was 
born  in  Lexington,  Va.,  March  28,  1813.  He  was 
of  Welsh  and  Scotch  ancestry.  He  learned  the 
trade  of  a  tailor,  attended  Washington  college, 
1832-33.  and  became  a  lawyer  in  Lexington.  He 
was  a  presidential  elector  in 
1848;  a  member  of  the  state 
constitutional  convention  of 
1850  ;  a  Democratic  repre 
sentative  from  the  ninth 
Virginia  district  inthe  32d, 
33d,  34th  and  35th  congress 
es,  1851-59;  and  governor  of 
Virginia,  1860-64.  After  the  state  decided  to  join 
its  fortune  with  tlie  Southern  Confederacy,  he 
used  his  influence  in  vigorously  prosecuting  the 
war.  He  was  a  prisoner  in  the  hands  of  the 
Federal  government  for  several  months,  1864-65, 
and  upon  his  release  he  resumed  tlie  practice 
of  law  in  Lexington.  He  was  a  representative  in 
the  Virginia  legislature,  1875-77,  and  while  in  at 
tendance  at  the  state  capital  he  was  stricken 
with  paralysis  and  remained  an  invalid  up  to 
the  time  of  his  death,  which  occurred  at  Lex 
ington.  Va.,  Jan.  26,  1884. 

LETCHER,  Robert  Perkins,  governor  of  Ken 
tucky,  was  born  in  Goochland  county,  Va.,  Feb. 
10,  1788.  He  became  a  lawyer  in  Lancaster 
county,  Ky.  ;  was  several  times  a  representative 
in  the  state  legislature  and  served  as  speaker  of 
the  house.  He  was  a  Democratic  representative 
in  the  18th-23d  congresses,  1823-35  ;  was  a  pres 
idential  elector  on  the  Harrison  and  Johnson 
ticket  in  1836  ;  was  governor  of  Kentucky,  1840- 
44,  and  was  U.S.  minister  to  Mexico,  1849-52.  He 
died  in  Frankfort,  Ky.,  Jan.  24,  1861. 

LEUTZE,  Emanuel,  painter,  was  born  in 
Gmund.Wurtemburg,  Germany,  May  24, 1816.  He 
immigrated  to  the  United  States  with  his  parents 
about  1820  and  they  first  settled  in  Philadelphia, 
Pa.,  and  later  removed  to  Fredericksburg.  Va. 


He  received  a  classical  education  and  early  dis 
played  artistic  talents  which  led  him  to  adopt 
painting  as  a  profession.  Through  the  sale  of 
his  painted  portraits  and  various  drawings,  he 
was  enabled  to  visit  Europe  in  1841,  where  he 
studied  under  Less- 
ing  at  the  academy 
in  Diisseldorf.  He 
made  a  study  of  his 
torical  painting  of 
American  subjects, 
and  his  first  canvas 
"Columbus  before 
the  Council  of  Sala 
manca  '*  was  purchas 
ed  by  the  Diisseldorf 
Art  Union,  and  an 
other,  "Columbus  in 
Chains,"  for  which 
he  received  a  gold 
medal  at  the  Brussels 
Art  Exhibition,  was 

purchased  by  the  Art  Union,  New  York.  He 
studied  the  school  of  Cornelius  and  Kaulbach  in 
Munich  in  1843,  studied  Titian  and  Michael 
Angelo'in  Venice  and  Rome,  and  -made  a  tour  of 
Italy  in  1844,  and  then  returned  to  Diisseldorf, 
where  he  married  Julia,  daughter  of  Col.  Henry 
Lottner,  of  the  Prussian  army,  in  Noveniber, 
1845.  He  made  several  trips  to  the  United  States, 
and  filially  opened  a  studio  in  New  York  city,  in 
1859.  He  was  admitted  to  a  membership  in  the 
National  Academy  of  Design  in  1860,  and  was 
commissioned  by  the  government  the  same  year 
to  paint  the  large  mural  picture  in  fresco  at  the 
head  of  the  stairway  leading  to  the  Representa 
tive  gallery  in  the  capitol  at  Washington,  D.C., 
entitled  "  Westward  the  course  of  Empire  takes 
its  Way."  He  frequently  visited  the- art  centers 
of  Europe  and  painted  French,  German,  Spanish, 
as  well  as  American  historical  subjects.  During 
his  residence  in  German}'  he  painted  :  News  from 
Lexington;  Mrs.  Sehnyler  Firing  the  Wheat 
Fields;  Columbus  Before  the  Queen;  Landing  of 
tlie  Norsemen  in  America ;  Cromwell  and  his 
Daughter  ;  Tlie  Court  of  Queen  Elizabeth ;  Henry 
VIII.  and  Anne  Boleyn ;  The  Iconoclast ;  John 
Knox  and  Mary  Stuart;  Washington  Crossing 
the  Delaware ;  Washington  at  the  Battle  of  Mon- 
niouth  ;  Sergeant  Jasper ;  Washington  at  Prince 
ton  ;  The  Storming  of  T<joe«lli,  Mexico ;  Lafayette 
in  Prison  at  Olmutz,  Visited  by  his  Relatives ; 
Elaine,  exhibited  at  National  Academy  ;  Mary 
Stuart  hearing  the  First  Mass  at  Holy-rood  after 
her  Return  from  France  (Paris  Exposition,  1867); 
Tlie  Mothers  Visit;  Settlement  of  Maryland  by 
Lord  Baltimore ;  Christmas  Mummeries,  and 
numerous  portraits  owned  by  private  individuals 
and  exhibited  at  the  National  Academy  after  his 


[45] 


LE  VAN 


death.  He  also  left  incomplete  several  subjects 
ordered  by  the  government.  He  died  of  a  sun 
stroke  in  Washington.  D.C..  July  IS.  1808. 

LEUTZE,  Eugene  Henry  Cozzens,  naval  offi 
cer,  was  born  in  Diisseldorf.  Prussia,  Nov.  16, 
1847  ;  son  of  Kmamiel  and  Julia  (Lottner)  Leutze. 
While  midshipman,  on  leave  from  the  U.S. 
Naval  academy  during  the  summer  of  18(54,  he 
volunteered  for  ac 
tive  service  and  was 
ordered  to  the  North 
Atlantic  blockading 
squadron  on  board 
the  U.S.S.  Monticello, 
Lieut.  William  B. 
Gushing,  command 
ing.  He  was  gradu 
ated  from  the  U.S. 
Naval  academy  in 
1867  ;  was  promoted 
ensign,  Dec.  18,  18- 
68;  served  on  the 
Severn  and  Worcester 
of  the  North  Atlan 
tic  fleet.  186S-72;  was 
favorably  mentioned  in  an  official  report  of  Cap 
tain  Lowry  of  the  Severn  for  coolness  and  effi 
ciency  in  an  emergency  caused  by  the  ironclad 
Terror  running  into  the  Severn  ;  was  promoted 
master  March  21,  1870,  and  lieutenant  March  21, 
1871  ;  served  on  Nicaragua!)  surveying  expedi 
tions.  1872  and  1873.  and  was  executive  officer  of 
the  Panama  surveying  expedition,  1874-75 ;  was 
attached  to  the  Tuscarora  of  the  Pacific  fleet  in 
1875-76,  and  was  on  special  duty  on  board  that 
vessel,  having  charge  of  the  deep-sea  sounding 
fora  cable  from  Honolulu  to  Brisbane,  Australia. 
He  served'  on  the  Toast  survey  on  the  Pacific 
coast,  1876-80,  commandingthe  surveying  steamer 
Me  Arthur;  was'bn  leave  in  Mexico,  1881,  being 
employed  by  the  Tehuantepec  railroad  company  ; 
and  was  executive  officer  of  the  monitor  Nan- 
tucket  during  the  summer  of  1882.  He  was 
navigator  of  the  U.S.S.  Jnniata,  1882-85,  and 
with  this  vessel  visited  the  Mediterranean,  Per 
sian  Oulf,  India,  Burniah.  Java,  the  Asiatic 
station,  the  east  coast  of  Africa,  and  Madagascar, 
returning  home  via  the  Cape  of  Oood  Hope.  He 
was  stationed  at  the  U.S.  Naval  academy,  1886- 
90,  as  head  of  the  department  of  modern  lan 
guages  :  and  during  the  summer  of  1887  was 
executive  officer  of  the  practice-ship  CcwsfeWfth'on. 
He  was  promoted  lieutenant-commander  March 
26,1889:  was  executive  officer  of  the  U.S.S. 
Philadelphia,  1890-92  ;  attached  to  the  navy  yard, 
Washington,  D.C.,  as  s»nior  assistant  to  the 
superintendent  of  the  gnu  factory  and  head  of 
department  of  yards  and  docks,  1892-96  ;  com 
manded  the  U.S.S.  Michigan,  1898-97  ;  was  pro 


moted  commander  Jan.  3,  1897  ;  and  was  inspector 
of  the  lighthouse  district  on  Lake  Michigan  in 
the  summer  of  1897.  He  commanded  the  U.S.S. 
Alert  from  Jan.  7,  1898,  to  May  18.  1898.  the  vessel 
being  employed  with  interoceanic  canal  commis 
sion  at  the  Pacific  terminal  of  the  proposed 
canal,  and  protecting  American  interests  on  the 
coast  of  Nicaragua  during  the  war  between 
that  state  and  Costa  Rica,  the  treat}*  of  peace 
being  finally  made  on  board  his  vessel.  The 
Spanish  war  having  broken  out.  the  Alert  was 
ordered  to  San  Francisco,  Cal.,  and  Commander 
Leutze  was  ordered  to  command  the  U.S.  monitor 
Monterey.  He  sailed  for  Manila  on  June  7,  1898, 
arriving  at  Manila.  P. I.,  August  4th.  On  August 
13  he  led  the  column  of  vessels,  which  in  conjunc 
tion  with  the  army  forced  the  capitulation  of 
that  city.  On  Oct.  1,  1898,  he  was  ordered  to 
command  the  captured  naval  station  at  Cavite, 
P. I.,  in  addition  to  his  other  duties,  and  he  per 
formed  both  duties  until  December,  1899.  During 
February,  1899,  the  Monterey  visited  Hong  Kong 
and  during  the  summer  and  fall  of  1899  she  took 
part  in  the  actions  of  Zapote  bridge  and  Subig 
Bay.  From  Oct.  1,  1899,  to  Dec.  18,  1899,  Com 
mander  Leutze  had  charge  of  the  defence  of  the 
peninsula  of  Cavite,  and  on  March  31.1900.  as 
sumed  the  duty  of  superintendent  of  the  naval 
gun  factory  at  Washington. 

LE  VAN,  William  Barnet,  engineer,  was  born 
in  Easton,  Pa.,  June  3.  1829;  son  of  Isaac  and 
Harriet  (Hawk)  Le  Van  ;  grandson  of  Abraham 
Le  Van,  and  a  descendant  of  Abraham  Le  Van,  a 
French  Huguenot,  who  came  to  America  about 
1776  and  settled  in  South  Carolina.  He  attended 
school  in  his  native  town,  and  removed  to  New 
York  city  in  1847,  where  he  was  an  apprentice  in 
the  machine  and  draughting  departments  of  the 
Novelty,  iron  works.  He  became  connected  as 
engineer  with  the  steamship  firm  of  Howland 
&  Aspinwall  and  with  the  Collins  steamship  line. 
He  was  consulting  engineer  in  New  York  city, 
1854-57.  and  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  after  1857, 
where  he  was  for  many  years  agent  for  the  Cor 
liss  Steam  Engine  company  of  Providence,  R.I. 
Among  his  inventions  arc  :  the  Le  Van  grate  bar  ; 
a  steam  engine  governor  ;  a  self-recording  steam 
engine  indicator;  a  glass  water  gage;  an  im 
proved  stationary  engine  :  a  telescopic  hydraulic 
lift,  and  an  improved  boiler  set  in  brick  work. 
In  1857  lie  became  a  life  member  of  the  Franklin 
Institute;  was  one  of  t'ie  board  of  managers  for 
thirteen  years;  curator  for  two  years,  and  served 
on  the  committee  of  science  and  art  for  thirty 
years.  He  was  a  charter  member  and  one  of  the 
originators  of  the  American  Society  of  Mechan 
ical  Engineers,  organized  in  1880.  lie  is  the 
author  of  :  Useful  Information  for  Flut/incers, 
Roller  Makers  and  Firemen,  with  Facts  an<l 


LEVERETT 


LE  VERT 


Figures  (1876);  The  Steam  Engine  Indicator  and 
tin  Use  (1890);  Tlie  Steam  Engine  and  the  Indi 
cator,  Their  Origin  and  Progressive  Development 
(1890):  Safety  Valves  (1892);  The  Practical  Man 
agement  of  Engines  and  Boilers  (189?)  ;  a  book  for 
engineers  and  firemen,  in  the  form  of  questions 
and  answers  (in  MS.,  1901),  and  numerous  scien 
tific  papers  read  before  the  Franklin  Institute, 
1873-88. 

LEVERETT,  John,  educator,  was  born  in 
Boston,  Mass.,  Aug.  2."},  1062;  son  of  Hudson 
and  Sarah  (Peyton)  Leverett ;  grandson  of  Gov. 
Sir  John  and  Hannah  (Hudson)  Leverett  and  of 
Capt.  Bezaleel  and  Mary  (Greenough)  Peyton, 
and  a  descendant  of  Thomas 
Leverett,  of  Lincolnshire, 
England,  who  settled  in  Bos- 

Iton,  Mass.,  in  1633.    John  Lev- 

ij 

ferett  was  prepared  for  college 
at  the  Boston  Latin  school  and 
was  graduated  at  Harvard,  A. 
B.  1680,  A.M.  1683,  S.T.B.  16- 
92.  He  was  a  tutor  in  Harvard,  1685-97,  and  a  fel 
low  of  Harvard,  1685-1700.  He  preached  occasion 
ally  for  several  years,  but  abandoned  the  ministry 
for  law,  and  practised  in  Boston,  Mass.  He  repre 
sented  Cambridge  in  the  Massachusetts  legisla 
ture,  1698-1701  ;  was  speaker  of  the  house  of  rep 
resentatives  in  1700  ;  a  member  of  the  governor's 
council,  1701  :  judge  of  the  superior  court  in 
September,  1702,  and  judge  of  the  probate  court 
by  appointment  from  Governor  Dudley,  1702-07. 
He  was  one  of  the  commissioners  from  Massa 
chusetts  to  visit  and  strengthen  the  alliance  with 
the  Five  Nations  Indians,  1704,  and  a  commis 
sioner  to  superintend  and  direct  the  army  returned 
from  an  unsuccessful  expedition  against  Port  Roy 
al,  N.S.,  1707.  He  served  as  president  of  Harvard 
college  from  Jan.  14,  1708,  until  his  death  in  1724. 
He  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Royal  Society  of 
London,  March  11,  1713.  He  was  married,  Nov. 
25,  1697,  to  Margaret,  daughter  of  President  John 
and  Elizabeth  (Denison)  Rogers,  and  the  widow 
of  Capt.  Thomas  Berry,  of  Boston  and  Ipswich  ; 
and  secondly  in  1772  to  Sarah,  daughter  of  Rich 
ard  Crisp  and  widow  of  William  Harris.  He 
left  two  manuscript  volumes  relating  to  the  col 
lege.  He  died  iiv  Cambridge,  Mass.,  May  3,  1724. 
LEVERING,  Joshua,  presidential  candidate, 
was  born  in  Baltimore,  Md.,  Sept.  12,  1845;  son 
son  of  Eugene  and  Ann  (Walker)  Levering  ; 
grandson  of  Peter  and  Hannah  (Wilson)  Lever 
ing  and  of  Joshua  and  Mary  E.  Walker,  and  a 
descendant  of  Wigard  and  Magdaline  (Boker) 
Levering,  who  came  from  Germany  to  Rox- 
borough,  Philadelphia  county,  Pa.,  in  1685.  He 
entered  his  father's  importing  house,  and  in  1866, 
with  his  brothers  William  T.  and  Eugene,  Jr., 
was  admitted  to  the  firm,  as  was  his  brother 


Leonidas  in  1870,  on  the  death  of  the  father.  He 
served  as  president  of  the  board  of  trustees 
of  the  Southern  Baptist  Theological  seminary, 
Louisville,  Ky.  ;  vice-president  of  the  American 
Baptist  Publication  society  ;  a  member  of  the 
international  committee  of  the  Y.M.C.A.,  and 
president  of  the  Baltimore  branch,  1884-1900. 
He  left  the  Democratic  party  in  1884,  became 
a  Prohibitionist,  and  was  candidate  for  state 
comptroller,  1891,  and  for  President  of  the  United 
States  in  1896,  receiving  his  nomination,  with 
Hale  Johnson  of  Illinois  for  vice-president,  at 
Pittsburg,  Pa.,  May  27,  1896,  the  ticket  receiving 
132.007  popular  votes. 

LEVERMORE,  Charles  Herbert,  educator, 
was  born  in  Mansfield,  Conn.,  Oct.  15,  1856;  son 
of  the  Rev.  Aaron  Russell  and  Mary  Gay  -(Skin 
ner)  Livermore  ;  grandson  of  Daniel  and  Katha 
rine  (Hoyt)  Livermore,  and  of  the  Rev.  Dr. 
Newton  and  Ursula  (Wolcott)  Skinner,  and  a 
descendant  of  John  Livermore,  who  came  to 
America  in  1634  and  settled  in  Watertown,  Mass. 
He  was  graduated  from  Yale,  A.  B.,  1879  ;  was 
principal  of  Guilford  institute,  Conn.,  1879-83;  a 
graduate  student  of  Johns  Hopkins  university, 
1883-86;  university  fellow  in  history,  1884-85; 
instructor  in  history  and  German  at  Hopkins 
grammar  school,  New  Haven,  Conn.,  1885-86; 
instructor  in  history  at  the  University  of  Cali 
fornia,  1886-88;  professor  of  history  at  the  Massa- 
clmsetts  Institute  of  Technology,  Boston,  Mass., 
1888-93  :  principal  of  Adelphi  academy,  Brook 
lyn,  N.Y..  1893-96,  and  was  elected  president  of 
Adelphi  college  in  1896.  He  was  one  of  the 
original  members  of  the  American  Historical 
association.  The  degree  of  Ph.D.  was  conferred 
on  him  by  Johns  Hopkins  university  in  1886. 
He  is  the  author  of  :  The  Republic  of  New  Haven, 
a  History  of  Municipal  Evolution  (published  by 
the  Johns  Hopkins  university,  1886,  for  which 
he  received  the  John  Marshall  prize  of  the  uni 
versity)  ;  Syllables  of  Lectures  upon  Political  His 
tory  Since  1815,  (in  collaboration  with  D.  R. 
Dewey,  1893);  The  Academy  Song  Book  (1895); 
Tlie  Abridged  Academy  Song  Book  (1898). 

LE  VERT,  Octavia  (Walton),  author,  was  born 
at  Bellevue,  near  Augusta,  Ga.,  in  1810  ;  daughter 
of  George  and  Sally  Minge  (Waiker)  Walton  and 
granddaughter  of  George  Walton,  the  signer 
(<j.v.).  Her  father  removed  to  Pensacola  in  1821  ; 
was  secretary  to  John  H.  Eaton,  territorial  gov 
ernor,  and  when  Eaton  became  U.S.  minister  to 
Spain  in  1827,  acted  for  a  short  time  as  governor 
of  the  territory.  Octavia  was  educated  under  a 
Scotch  tutor  and  became  a  proficient  linguist. 
She  was  allowed  to  give  a  name  to  the  capital  of 
Florida  and  she  selected  Tallahassee.  She  was  a 
noted  belle  and  was  presented  to  Lafayette  when 
he  visited  Mobile  in  1825.  She  travelled  exten- 


LEVIN 


LEWIS 


sively  in  the  United  States  in  1833-34,  and  spent 
a  part  of  her  time  in  Washington,  D.C.,  where 
she  made  .personal  friends  of  Clay,  Calhoun  and 
Webster,  whose  congressional  debates  she  often 
reported,  and  so  accurately  that  she  was  fre 
quently  called  to  read  them.  She  was  married  in 
1836  to  Dr.  Henry  S.,  sou  of  Dr.  Claude  Le  Vert, 
fleet  surgeon  under  Eoohambeau,  and  resided  in 
Mobile,  Ala.  She  visited  Europe  in  1853  and  again 
in  1855,  and  was  presented  at  court.  About  this 
time  she  commenced  her  literary  work.  After 
the  death  of  her  husband  in  1860  she  remained  in 
Mobile,  where  she  nursed  the  soldiers  in  the  hos 
pital  throughout  the  war.  She  used  her  influence 
iu  securing  a  pardon  for  General  Beauregard,  and 
visited  the  national  capital  in  his  interests.  She 
appeared  as  a  public  reader  in  the  principal  cities 
of  the  United  States  in  1874-75.  She  translated 
Dumas's  Musketeers  and  The  Pope  and  the  Con 
gress,  and  is  the  author  of  Souvenirs  of  Travel 
(1858);  Souvenirs  of  Distinguished  People  (MS.), 
and  Souvenirs  of  the  War  (MS.).  She  died  in 
Augusta,  Ga.,  March  13,  1877. 

LEVIN,  Lewis  C.,  representative,  was  born  in 
Charleston,  S.C.,  Nov.  10,  1808.  He  was  grad 
uated  from  South  Carolina  college,  Columbia, 
S.C.  ;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  and  practised  in 
Maryland,  Louisiana,  Tennessee,  and  finally  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  To  him  is  generally  credited 
the  organization  of  the  Native  American  party  in 
1843.  He  was  a  Native  American  representative 
from  Philadelphia  in  the  29th,  30th  and  31st  con 
gresses,  1845-51,  and  served  in  congress  as  a  mem 
ber  of  the  committee  on  naval  affairs.  He  died 
in  Philadelphia,  Pa..  March  14,  18GO. 

LEVY,  David.  See  Yulee,  David  Levy. 
LEWELLINQ,  Lorenzo  D,  governor  of  Kansas, 
was  born  at  Salem,  Iowa,  Dec.  21,  1846;  son  of 
William  and  Cyrena  (Wilson)  Lewelling.  His 
ancestors  were  among 
the  pioneer  settlers 
of  Virginia  and  his 
father  was  a  Quak 
er  preacher.  Loren 
zo  was  left  an  orphan 
at  an  early  age,  and 
worked  on  a  farm, 
attending  a  district 
school  in  the  winter. 
He  was  employed  as 
a  laborer  on  the  Bur 
lington  and  Missouri 
railroad  ;  as  a  cattle 
herder  in  the  quart- 
crmaster's  depart 
ment,  St.  Louis,  Mo., 

1861-63,  and  as  a  member  of  the  bridge  build 
ing  corps  at  Chattanooga,  Tonn.,  1863-65. 
At  the  close  of  the  war  he  attended  Knox 


[48] 


college.  Galesburg,  111.,  and  subsequently  East 
man's  business  college  at  Poughkeepsie,  N.Y. 
He  returned  to  Salem,  Iowa,  in  1866  ;  was  em 
ployed  in  bridge  building  near  Otturnwa,  and  was 
graduated  from  Whittier  college.  He  was  a 
teacher  in  the  preparatory  department  of  Whit- 
tier  college  ;  was  connected  with  the  state  reform 
school  as  teacher  and  assistant  superintendent 
for  many  years,  and  was  president  of  the  board 
of  trustees  of  the  state  normal  school.  He 
founded  the  Register  at  Salem,  Iowa,  a  weekly 
Republican  journal,  and  in  1880  the  Capital 
at  Des  Moines,  Iowa,  which  he  edited  until 
December,  1882.  He  was  a  candidate  for  the  Re 
publican  nomination  for  secretary  of  state,  but 
was  defeated  by  Frank  D.  Jackson.  He  removed 
to  Wichita,  Kan.,  in  1887,  and  in  1892  waselected 
by  the  Populist  party  governor  of  Kansas.  He 
was  renominated  in  1894,  but  a  woman  suffrage 
plank  in  the  platform  defeated  the  party,  the 
Democrats  refusing  to  give  it  their  support.  In 
1896  he  was  elected  state  senator,  and  in  1897  was 
appointed  a  state  railway  commissioner.  He 
died  in  Arkansas  City,  Kan.,  Sept.  3.  1900. 

LEWIS,  Abram  Herbert,  clergyman  and  au 
thor,  was  born  in  Scott,  N.Y.,  Nov.  17,  1836;  son 
of  Datus  Ensign  and  Tacy  (Maxson)  Lewis  ;  grand 
son  of  Abel  and  Abigail  (Greene)  Lewis  and  of 
Caleb  and  Mary  (Bliss)  Maxson.  and  a  direct  de 
scendant  of  John  Lewis,  who  settled  in  Westerly, 
R.I.,  in  1661.  He  was  a  student  at  Ripon  college, 
and  was  graduated  from  Milton  college,  A.B. , 
1860,  and  from  Alfred  university,  A.B.,  1863, 
A.M.,  1866.  He  was  married  in  1855  to  Augusta 
M.,  daughter  of  Thomas  Olney  and  Ann  (Tanner) 
Johnson,  of  Natick,  R.I.  He  was  pastor  of 
Seventh-day  Baptist  churches  in  Westerly,  R.I., 
1864-67,  and  New  York  city,  1867-68  ;  professor 
of  church  history  and  homiletics,  Alfred  univer 
sity,  1868-94 ;  general  agent  of  the  American 
Sabbath  Tract  society,  1869-72  ;  pastor  of  Seventh- 
day  Baptist  church,  Plainfield,  N.J.,  1880-98,  and 
in  1896  became  corresponding  secretary  of  the 
American  Sabbat li  Tract  society.  He  took  a  post 
graduate  course  in  church  history  at  Union  Theo 
logical  seminary,  New  York,  1870-71 ,  and  received 
the  honorary  degree  of  D.D.  from  Alfred  univer 
sity  in  1881.  He  edited  the  Outlook  (tin!  Sabbatli 
Quarterly,  1882-96,  when  he  took  charge  of  the 
Sabbath  Recorder.  He  is  the  author  of  :  Sabbath 
and  Sunday — Argument  and  History  (1870);  Bib 
lical  Teachings  concerning  the  Sabbath  and  the 
Sunday  (1884);  Critical  History  of  the  Sabbath 
and  the  Sunday  in  the  CJiristian  Ch n rcJi  ( 1886); 
Critical  History  of  Sunday  Legislation  from  3'?1 
to  7<V,S',S>  A.D.  (1888);  Paganism.  Surviving  in  Chris 
tianity  (1892) ;  The  Catholicization  of  Protestant 
ism  on  the  Sabbath  Question  (1894);  Sin'ft  Deca 
dence,  of  Sunday:  What  Next?  (1899,  2d  ed., 


LEWIS 


LEWIS 


1900);  Letters  to  Young  Preachers  and  Their 
Hearers (1900),  and  a  large  number  of  tracts  upon 
various  phases  of  the  Sabbath  question. 

LEWIS,  Andrew,  soldier,  was  bora  in  Don 
egal,  Ireland,  in  1720  ;  son  of  John  and  Mar 
garet  (Lynn)  Lewis.  The  Lewises  were  Welsh 
and  the  Lynns  Scotch.  John  Lewis  came  to 
America  with  his  wife  and  three  sons,  Andrew, 
Thomas,  and  William,  in  17:32,  and  they  were 
among  the  first  white  settlers  of  Bellefonte, 
Augusta  county,  Va.  Andrew  was  married  in 
1749  to  Elizabeth  Givens  of  Augusta  county. 
He  volunteered  in  the  military  expedition, 
planned  to  take  possession  of  the  Ohio  region  in 
1754,  and  was  with  Washington  at  the  surrender 
of  Fort  Necessity.  He  commanded  the  Sandy 
Creek  expedition  in  1756,  was  taken  prisoner  at 
Fort  Duquesne  in  1758  and  carried  to  Montreal. 
On  his  return  he  vindicated  the  conduct  of  the 
Virginia  troops  against  the  charges  of  Major 
•Grant.  He  was  a  commissioner  at  Fort  Stanwix, 
New  York,  in  1768,  to  effect  a  treaty  with  the 
Six  Nations  ;  commanded  the  forces  at  Point 
Pleasant,  Va.,  Oct.  10. 1774,  having  been  made  a 
brigadier-general,  and  served  as  a  delegate  in  the 
Virginia  house  of  burgesses  for  several  years.  He 
was  a  delegate  from  Botetourt  to  the  Virginia 
conventions  of  May  and  June,  1775,  and  was 
commissioned  brigadier-general  in  the  Conti 
nental  army  by  congress  in  1776,  notwithstand 
ing  the  recommendation  of  Washington  that  he 
be  made  a  major-general.  He  drove  Lord  Dun- 
more  from  Gwynn's  Island,  July  9,  1776,  and  re 
signed  from  the  army  in  1777  to  engage  in  the 
civil  service  of  Virginia.  He  was  a  founder  and 
early  pastor  of  Augusta  academy  and  an  original 
trustee  of  Washington  college,  Lexington,  1776- 
81.  His  statue  occupies  one  of  the  pedestals  011 
the  Washington  monument,  Richmond,  Va.  He 
died  in  Bedford  county.  Va.,  Sept.  26,  1781. 

LEWIS,  Burwell  Boykin,  educator,  was  born 
in  Montgomery,  Ala.,  July  7,  1838.  His  father,  a 
distinguished  physician,  died  when  lie  was  a 
child,  and  his  mother,  a 
daughter  of  the  Hon.  Eli 
Shortridge,  judge  of  the  cir 
cuit  court  of  Alabama,  re- 
'  moved  to  Montevallo,  Shell)}- 
county.  He  was  graduated  at 
the  University  of  Alabama 
in  1857,  studied  law  in  the 
office  of  his  uncle,  George D.  Shortridge,  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1859.  He  served  in  the 
Confederate  army,  1861-65,  rising  to  the  rank 
of  captain  in  the  2d  Alabama  cavalry.  He  re 
sumed  the  practice  of  law  in  Montevallo;  was  a 
representative  in  the  general  assembly,  1870-72  ; 
removed  to  Tuscaloosa  and  was  a  representative 
in  the  44th  congress,  1875-77.  He  received  the 


honorary  degree  of  LL.D.  from  the  University  of 
Alabama  in  1879.  He  was  elected  to  the  46th  con 
gress  in  1878,  serving  1879-80.  He  resigned  in  1880 
to  accept  the  presidency  and  professorship  of  con 
stitutional  and  international  law  in  the  University 
of  Alabama  as  successor  to  Gen,  Josiah  Gorgas,  re 
signed,  and  he  served  from  July,  1880,  up  to  the 
time  of  his  death,  at  Tuscaloosa,  Ala.,  Oct.  11,  1885. 

LEWIS,  Charles  Bertrand,  journalist,  was 
born  in  Liverpool,  Ohio,  Feb.  15,  1842  ;  son  of 
George  and  Clarissa  Lewis.  He  was  a  student  at 
the  Michigan  State  Agricultural  college  :  an  ap 
prentice  to  a  country  printer,  and  a  soldier  in  the 
civil  war.  While  on  his  way  to  Kentucky  to 
take  a  position  on  a  weekly  newspaper,  he  was 
severely  injured  in  a  steamboat  accident,  and 
after  his  recovery  he  set  up  without  copy  an 
article  entitled  "  How  it  Feels  to  be  Blown  Up," 
which  he  signed  "  M.  Quad."  He  afterward  re 
ported  the  legislature  for  one  session  for  the 
Detroit  Free  Press,  and  at  its  close  went  to 
Detroit  and  became  a  member  of  its  staff.  He 
was  given  the  humorous  column,  but  his  work 
extended  to  editorials,  market  reports,  and  politi 
cal  sketches.  Among  the  successes  which  es 
tablished  his  reputation  as  a  humorist  may  be 
mentioned,  Police  Court  Scenes,  begun  in  1876  ; 
Tlie  Lime  Kiln  Club,  and  Short  Talks  with  Boys, 
begun  in  1885.  When  he  joined  the  staff  of  the 
Free  Press  the  paper  had  a  circulation  of  about 
5000  copies  weekly,  which  increased  during  his 
connection  with  the  journal  to  upwards  of  a 
quarter  of  a  million.  He  left  the  Free  Press  in 
1891,  at  the  instance  of  a  newspaper  syndicate, 
and  made  his  residence  in  Brooklyn,  N.Y. 

LEWIS,  Charles  Willard,  educator,  was  born  in 
New  Trenton,  Ind.,  Aug.  13,  1860  ;  son  of  Nathan 
and  Nancy  (Rafferty)  Lewis.  He  attended  the 
National  Normal  university  at  Lebanon,  Ohio, 
and  De  Pauw  university,  and  was  graduated 
from  Moores'  Hill  college,  Ind.,  B.S.,  1890,  M.S., 
1893.  He  was  married  March  25,  1887,  to  Bertha 
Cruikshank.  He  was  a  district  and  village  school 
teacher  for  eight  years  ;  principal  of  the  high 
school  at  Brook ville,  Ind.,  1886-89  ;  professor  in 
Moores'  Hill  college,  1890-99,  during  which  time 
he  was  vice-president  for  three  years,  and  acting- 
president,  1897-98,  and  in  1898  was  elected  presi 
dent.  He  was  a  member  of  the  examining  board 
of  the  Indiana  conference  ;  speaker  of  the  Inter 
national  Epworth  League  convention  held  at 
Indianapolis  in  1898,  and  a  delegate  to  the  general 
conference  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church 
held  in  Chicago  in  1900.  He  received  the  hon 
orary  degree  of  D.D.  from  De  Pauw  university  in 
1899. 

LEWIS,  Charlton  Thomas,  reformer,  was 
born  in  West  Chester,  Pa.,  Feb.  25.  1834;  son  of 
Joseph  I.  and  Mary  S.  (Miner)  Lewis,  and  grand- 


[49] 


LEWIS 


LEWIS 


son  of  Enoch  and  Alice  (Jackson)  Lewis  and  of 
Charles  and  Letitia  (Wright)  Miner.  He  was 
graduated  from  Yale,  A.B.,  1853.  A.M.,  1859,  and 
was  professor  of  mathematics  at  the  State  Nor 
mal  university,  Illinois.  1856-57,  and  of  mathe 
matics  and  Greek  at  Troy  university,  1858-61. 
He  was  U.S.  deputy  commissioner  of  internal 
revenue  at  Washington ,  D.C'. ,  1 8(53-64.  He  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  New  York  bar  in  1864  and  practised 
law  in  New  York  city.  He  was  managing  editor 
of  the  New  York  Evening  Post,  1870-71,  and 
secretary  of  the  Chamber  of  Life  Insurance,  1871- 
74.  In  1881  he  was  made  chairman  of  the  execu 
tive  committee  of  the  Prison  association  of  New 
York  ;  in  1890  president  of  that  association  ;  in 
1895  president  of  the  State  Charities  Aid  associa 
tion  of  New  Jersey,  and  in  1897  vice-president 
of  the  National  Prison  association.  He  was  also 
elected  chairman  of  the  commission  to  revise  the 
penal  laws  of  New  Jersey  in  1895.  He  was  a 
delegate  from  the  United  States  to  the  Paris 
congress  of  prisons  in  1895,  and  was  a  delegate 
to  the  Democratic  national  convention  of  1896. 
He  lectured  at  Harvard  and  at  Columbia  colleges 
on  life  insurance  in  1899,  and  at  Cornell  university 
on  the  principles  of  insurance  in  1898.  He  re 
ceived  the  degree  of  Ph.D.  from  the  University 
of  the  City  of  New  York  in  1877.  He  translated 
and  edited  with  the  Rev.  Marvin  R.  Vincent, 
D.D.,  Bengel's  Gnomon  of  tlte  New  Testament 
(1860),  and  is  the  author  of:  ^4  History  of  the 
German  People  (1870);  Harper's  Latin  Dic 
tionary,  with  Professor  Charles  Short  (1881); 
A  School  Latin  Dictionary  (1888);  Elementary 
Latin  Dictionary  (1890);  and  numerous  essays 
and  addresses. 

LEWIS,  Clark,  representative,  was  born  in 
Huntsville,  Ala.,  Nov.  8,  1840  ;  son  of  Hickman 
and  Virginia  (Lindsay)  Lewis  ;  grandson  of  Col. 
Joel  and  Miriam  (Eastham)  Lewis  and  of  Col. 
"William  Lindsay,  a  native  of  Virginia  ;  and  a 
descendant  of  John  Lewis,  who  emigrated  from 
Wales  with  his  brother  Robert  about  1650,  set 
tled  in  Virginia,  and  died  in  Hanover  county,  Va., 
in  1726.  Clark  removed  to  Noxubee  county, 
Miss.,  with  his  mother  in  1844,  shortly  after  the 
death  of  his  father.  He  worked  on  a  farm  ;  at 
tended  the  district  school  ;  took  a  partial  course 
in  the Somevville  Institute  and  engaged  in  teach 
ing  school.  He  was  a  private  in  the  Confederate 
army,  1861-65,  serving  in  the  infantry,  cavalry 
and  artillery,  and  was  a  prisoner  of  war  at  El- 
mira,  N.Y.,  during  the  last  six  months  of  the 
war.  He  resumed  school  teaching  in  1865  ;  en 
gaged  as  a  clerk  in  a  store,  1866-67  ;  conducted  a 
store  and  farm,  1867-79,  and  after  1879  devoted 
himself  exclusively  to  planting.  He  was  married 
Feb.  4, 1868,  to  Hattie,  daughter  of  Tyre  Spaim  of 
Noxubee  county,  Miss.  He  was  a  representative 


in  the  Mississippi  legislature  in  1877  and  a  Demo 
cratic  representative  from  the  fourth  Mississippi 
district  in  the  51st  and  52d  congresses,  1889-93. 
He  died  near  Macon,  Miss..  March  13,  1896. 

LEWIS,  David  Peter,  governor  of  Alabama, 
was  born  in  Charlotte  county,  Va.,  about  1820; 
son  of  Peter  C.  and  Mary  Smith  (Buster)  Lewis. 
His  father  was  of  Welch  and  his  mother  of  Eng 
lish  ancestry.  He  removed  to  Madison  county, 
Ala.,  with  his  parents  in 
childhood.  He  was  well  edu 
cated  ;  studied  law  in  Hunts 
ville,  Ala.,  and  afterward 
practised  in  Lawrence  county.  ' 
He  represented  Lawrence 
county  in  the  state  constitu 
tional  convention  of  1861.  and 
voted  against  secession,  but  eventually  signed  the 
ordinance  as  passed.  He  was  elected  to  the  Con 
federate  provincial  congress  at  Montgomery  by 
the  convention,  but  resigned  his  seat.  He  was 
appointed  judge  of  the  circuit  court  of  Alabama 
by  Governor  Shorter  in  1863,  and  after  holding 
that  position  several  months,  he  passed  through 
the  army  lines  and  reached  Nashville.  Tenn., 
where  he  remained  until  the  close  of  the  war. 
He  returned  to  Alabama  in  1*65,  settled  at 
Huntsville  in  the  practice  of  his  profession  and 
was  elected  governor  of  Alabama  by  the  Repub 
lican  party,  serving,  1872-74.  He  never  married. 
He  died  at  Huntsville,  Ala.,  July  :<.  18S4. 

LEWIS,  Dio,  reformer  and  ant  hor,  was  born  in 
Auburn,  N.Y.,  March  3.  ISO:!:  son  of  Maj.  John 
C.  and  Delecta  (Barbour)  Lewis.  He  received  a 
limited  education  ;  worked  in  a  factory,  1835-38  ; 
taught  school,  1838-41,  and  studied  medicine  in 
Auburn,  N.Y.,  1841-44,  and  in  the  medical  de 
partment  of  Harvard,  1845.  While  in  Boston, 
Mass.,  he  assisted  in  editing  Tlie  Genius  of 
CJiristianity.  He  settled  in  the  practice  of 
medicine  at  Port  Byron,  N.Y..  where  he  mar 
ried,  July  11, 1849,  Helen  Cecelia,  daughter  of  Dr. 
Peter  Clark.  He  removed  to  Buffalo,  N.Y.  : 
adopted  homeopathy  and  published  The  Honie- 
opatliist  there,  1848-53.  He  lectured  on  hygiene 
and  physiology  in  New  York,  Virginia  and  Ken 
tucky,  1853-55,  and  settled  in  Boston,  Mass.,  in 
June,  1860,  where  he  founded  the  Boston  normal 
physical  training  school  in  1S(51-  and  established 
a  sanitarium  which  was  transferred  to  Lexington. 
Mass.,  in  1864,  where  he  also  established  a  school. 
He  built  Hotel  Belle  vue  on  Beacon  street.  Boston, 
in  1868,  and  leased  it  as  a  temperance  hotel, 
and  he  also  opened  the  first  Turkish  baths  in 
Boston.  He  published  Toilay  at  Philadelphia, 
Pa.,  1871-72.  He  was  in  California,  1875-78, 
and  in  1879  established  a  sanitarium  at  Arlington 
Heights.  Mass.,  which  he  conducted,  1879-81.  In 
1881  lie  removed  to  New  York  city  and  later  to 


LEWIS 


LEWIS 


Yonkers,  N.Y.  lie  travelled  extensively  lectur 
ing  on  hygiene  and  temperance,  and  lie  originated 
the  women's  temperance  crusade  in  Ohio.  In 
1883  he  established  Dio  Lewis's  Monthly,  and  also 
Dio  Lewis's  Treasury  in  1886.  He  received  the 
honorary  degree  of  A.M.  from  Amherst  college  iu 
1864.  He  is  the  author  of  :  New  Gymnastics 
(1865);  Weak  Lungs  and  How  to  Make  Them 
Strong  (1863);  Our  Digestion  (1865);  Talks  about 
People's  Stomachs  (1870);  Our  Girls  (1871) ;  Chas 
tity  (1872);  Young  Women  (187-1):  Prohibition  a 
Failure  (1875);  Gypsies  (1881);  In  a  Nutshell 
(188:5).  He  died  in  Yonkers,  N.Y..  May  21.  1886. 

LEWIS,  Dixon  Hall,  senator,  was  horn  in 
Dunwiddie  county,  Va.,  Aug.  10.  1802.  Here- 
moved  to  Hancock  county,  Ga.,  with  his  parents 
in  childhood,  prepared  for  college  at  Mount  Zion, 
Ga.,  and  was  graduated  from  South  Carolina 
college.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1823  and 
settled  in  the  practice  of  law  in  Montgomery,  Ala. 
He  was  a  representative  in  the  Alabama  legisla 
ture,  1825-27.  and  during  this  time  advocated  the 
removal  of  the  remaining  Indian  tribe  from  the 
state.  He  was  a  representative  from  Alabama  in 
the  21st-28th  .congresses  1829-44,  resigning  his 
seat  in  1844  to  accept  the  appointment  by  Gov 
ernor  Fitzpati  ick  as  U.S.  senator,  in  place  of  W.  R. 
King,  appointed  U.S.  minister  to  France.  He 
served  the  remainder  of  the  term  expiring  March 
3,  1847,  and  was  re-elected  for  the  term  expiring 
March  3,  1853,  defeating  W.  R.  King  and  Arthur 
F.  Hopkins,  and  was  chairman  of  the  committee 
on  finance.  He  married  a  daughter  of  Gen.  John 
Elmore'  of  Augusta  county,  Ala.  He  was  a 
trustee  of  the  University  of  Alabama,  1828-31, 
during  the  formative  period  of  the  institution. 
He  died  in  New  York  city,  Oct.  25,  1848. 

LEWIS,  Edmonia,  sculptor,  was  born  near, 
Albany,  N.Y.,  July  4,  1845;  daughter  of  a  Negro 
father  and  Chippewa  Indian  mother,  both  of  whom 
died  when  she  was  three  years  old  and  she  lived 
for  several  years  with  the  Indians.  Her  brother 
sent  her  to  primary  school,  and  she  early  dis 
played  a  talent  for  modeling  in  clay  and  was  en 
couraged  by  friends  in  Boston  to  study  the  art. 
Among  her  first  examples  was  a  portrait  bust  of 
Col.  Robert  G.  Shaw,  exhibited  in  Boston,  Mass., 
in  1865.  She  was  sent  to  study  in  Rome  in  1867 
where  she  made  a  permanent  home,  making 
friends  with  Harriet  Hosmer,  Charlotte  Cushman 
and  other  Americans  of  influence.  Her  works 
include  :  The  Freedwoman,  executed  in  Boston 
(1867)  ;  The  Death  of  Cleopatra,  sent  to  the 
Centennial  Exhibition,  Philadelphia  (1876)  ;  The 
Old  Arrow-Maker  and  his  Daughter;  Ha  gar ; 
Rebecca  at  the  Well;  Asleep;  and  portrait 
busts  of  Henry  W.  Longfellow,  John  Brown  and 
Charles  Simmer.  There  are  two  examples  of  her 
work  in  the  United  States :  Tlte  Marriage  of 

[i 


Hiawatha,  owned  by  Mrs.  Laura  Curtis  Bullard  of 
New  York,  and  a  portrait  bust  of  Abraham  Lin 
coln  in  the  library  at  San  Jose,  Cal. 

LEWIS,  Edmund  Darch,  painter,  was  born  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Oct.  17,  1837  ;  sou  of  David  and 
Camilla  (Phillips)  Lewis  ;  grandson  of  David  and 
Anna  Clifford  (Smith)  Lewis  and  of  William  and 
Mary  (Dai'ch) Phillips,  and  a  descendant  of  Thomas 
Darch,  who  was  reader  to  the  King  of  England 
at  the  time  of  William  and  Mary.  He  attended  a 
private  school  in  Philadelphia  until  1852,  when 
he  became  a  pupil  of  Paul  Weber,  with  whom  he 
studied  until  1857,  and  then  opened  a  studio  in 
Philadelphia.  He  devoted  himself  to  landscape 
painting  until  1876,  and  to  marine  subjects  from 
that  date.  He  made  a  notable  collection  of 
paintings,  antique  furniture  and  bric-a-brac. 
His  works  include  :  Autumn  on  the  Susquehanna 
(1860);  Queen  of  the  Antilles  (1863)  ;  Valley  of  the 
Umri  (1864)  ;  Midday  on  Lake  George  (1873); 
Fairmount  Park  (1878);  Bass  Rocks  after  a 
Storm  (1880);  Indian  Rock  of  an  Afternoon  (1887); 
The  Casino  at  Narrcigansett  Pier  (1892) , 

LEWIS,  Edward  Parke  Custis,  diplomat, 
was  born  in  Audley,  Clarke  county,  Va.,  Feb.  7, 
1837;  son  of  Lorenzo  and  Esther  Maria  (Coxe) 
Lewis  ;  grandson  of  Lawrence  and  Eleanor  Parke 
(Custis)  Lewis  and  of  Dr.  John  Redman  Coxe  (q.v.) ; 
great-grandson  of  Gen.  Fielding  and  Elizabeth 
(Washington)  Lewis  and  of  John  Parke  and 
Eleanor  (Cal vert)  Custis,  and  great-grandson 
of  Major  John  and  Frances  (Fielding)  Lewis  and 
of  Daniel  Parke  and  Martha  (Dandridge)  Custis. 
He  was  graduated  from  the  University  of  Virginia 
in  1859,  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  and  engaged  in 
planting  in  Virginia.  He  opposed  the  secession 
of  Virginia,  but  remained  loyal  to  his  state  and 
served  in  the  Confederate  army  throughout  the 
civil  war,  attaining  the  rank  of  colonel.  He  was 
an  aide  on  Gen.  J.  E.  B.  Stuart's  staff,  was 
wounded  several  times,  and  was  a  prisoner  of  war 
at  Camp  Chase,  Ohio,  and  at  Fort  Delaware  for 
fifteen  months.  He  was  twice  married,  his 
second  wife  being  the  widow  of  Robert  M.  T. 
Garnett,  and  a  daughter  of  Edwin  A.  Stevens  of 
Castle  Point,  Hoboken,  N.J.  He  removed  to 
Hoboken  in  1875,  where  he  resided  until  his 
death.  He  was  a  representative  in  the  state 
legislature  in  1877  ;  a  delegate  to  the  Democratic 
national  convention  at  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  June  22, 
1880,  and  was  appointed  U.S.  minister  to  Portu 
gal  by  President  Cleveland  in  1885.  retiring  in. 
1889.  He  died  in  Hoboken,  N.J..Sept,  3.  1892. 

LEWIS,  Elijah  Banks,  representative,  was 
born  in  Dooly  county,  Ga.,  March  27,  1854.  He 
attended  the  common  school  and  removed  to 
Montezuma,  Ga. .  in  1871,  and  subsequently  be 
came  a  partner  in  his  father's  banking  and  mer 
cantile  house.  He  was  state  senator,  1 894-95,  and 


51] 


LEWIS 


LEWIS 


a  Democratic  representative  from  the  third  dis 
trict  of  Georgia  in  the  50th,  56th  and  57th  con 
gresses,  1897-1908. 

LEWIS,  Fielding,  patriot,  was  born  in  Spotts- 
sylvania  county,  Va.,  July  7,  1725;  son  of  Maj. 
John  and  Frances  (Fielding)  Lewis ;  grandson  of 
Col.  John  and  Elizabeth  (Warner)  Lewis  ;  great- 
grandson  of  John  and  Isabella  (Warner)  Lewis  and 
greata-grandson  of  Robert  Lewis,  the  immigrant 
who  came  from  London,  England,  and  settled  in 
Ware  parish,  Gloucester  county,  Va.,  about  1635. 
He  received  a  liberal  education,  removed  to  Fred- 
ericksburg,  Va.,  and  was  mayor  of  the  town, 
justice  of  the  peace,  and  a  member  of  the  house 
of  burgesses  in  the  Virginia  legislature.  He  was 
a  general  in  the  Virginia  militia  at  the  outbreak 
of  the  Revolution,  but  was  too  old  to  take  the 
field  and  was  appointed  superintendent  of  an 
arsenal  in  Fredericksburg,  Va.  He  gave  liberally 
to  the  cause  of  the  patriots  during  the  revolution. 
He  was  married  in  1746  to  Catherine,  daughter  of 
John  and  sister  of  Warner  Washington,  and  after 
her  death  in  February,  1750,  he  married  Elizabeth 
("  Bettie  "),  daughter  of  Augustine  Washington, 
sister  of  Gen.  George  Washington  and  cousin  of 
his  first  wife.  He  built  "  Ken  more  House"  a 
palatial  residence  on  the  border  of  Fredericksburg, 
and  on  the  farm  connected  with  this  house  Mary 
Ball  Washington,  the  mother  of  General  Washing 
ton,  died,  and  was  buried  in  1789.  Fielding  Lewis 
died  at  "  Kenmore  House,"  Va.,  Jan.  7,  1781. 

LEWIS,  Francis,  signer,  was  born  in  Llandaff, 
AVales,  in  March,  1713  ;  grandson  of  the  Rev.  Dr. 
Pettingal,  a  clergyman  of  the  established  church, 
settled  at  Caernarvon,  Wales.  Left  an  orphan, 
he  \vas  committed  to  the  care  of  his  uncle,  the 

Dean  of  St.  Paul's, 
and  was  sent  to  West 
minster  school.  He 
entered  the  counting 
house  of  a  London 
merchant,  and  in  17- 
34  he  invested  his 
fortune  in  merchan 
dise,  and  sold  one 
half  in  Ne\v  York, 
and  the  rest  in  Phil 
adelphia,  with  the 
proceeds  establishing 
mercantile  houses  in 
both  places.  He  was 
married  to  Elizabeth 
Anne.sley.  the  sister 

of  his  partner,  Edward  Annesley,  also  a  Welsh 
man.  Lewis  made  many  successful  business 
voyages  to  Europe;  visited  St.  Petersburg;  the 
Orkney  and  Shetland  Islands  :  and  as  far  north  as 
Archangel.  In  1752,  the  French  and  Indian  war 
interfering  with  his  .shipping  business,  he  obtained 


a  contract  to  clothe  the  British  army  in  America 
and  was  in  Oswego,  N.Y.,  whenMontcalm  with  a 
body  of  French  Canadians  and  Indians  advanced 
upon  the  place.  Lewis  served  as  aide  to  Gen. 
Hugh  Mercer,  and  when  Mercer  was  killed  and 
the  garrison  of  sixteen  hundred  men  was  obliged 
to  surrender  Lewis  was  taken  to  France  and  ex 
changed.  On  his  return  to  America  the  colo 
nial  government  presented  him  with  five  thou 
sand  acres  of  land  in  acknowledgment  of  his 
military  services.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the 
Stamp  Act  congress  that  met  in  New  York  city 
in  1765,  arid  one  of  the  first  to  join  the  Sons  of 
Liberty.  In  1765  he  retired  from  business  and 
removed  to  Whitestone,  L.I. ,  N.Y.,  and  devoted 
himself  to  public  affairs.  In  1771  he  removed  to 
New  York  city  to  establish  his  eldest  son,  Francis 
Lewis,  Jr..  in  business,  and  accompanied  him  to 
England  for  the  purpose  of  establishing  commer 
cial  relations  with  that  country.  He  soon  after 
retired  from  business.  He  was  unanimously 
chosen  a  delegate  to  the  Continental  congress 
and  served  1774-79,  and  was  appointed  to  examine 
claims,  to  make  treaties  with  the  Indians,  to  pur 
chase  arms  and  clothing  for  the  soldiers,  and  to 
furnish  the  government  with  war  vessels.  He 
was  a  signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence, 
and  witli  Elbridge  Gerry  and  Roger  Sherman 
was  appointed  to  inquire  into  the  state  of  the 
army  in  New  York,  and  to  devise  the  best  means 
for  its  maintenance.  His  residence  in  White- 
stone  was  burned  by  the  British  soon  after  they 
occupied  New  York,  and  Mrs.  Lewis  wyas  held  a 
prisoner  several  months,  and  was  not  released 
until  General  Washington  ordered  Mrs.  Barren, 
the  wife  of  the  British  paymaster-general,  and 
Mrs.  Kemp,  wife  of  the  British  attorney-general, 
to  be  put  under  arrest  in  their  own  houses  in 
Philadelphia  as  hostages  for  her  release.  In  1779 
Lewis  accepted  the  appointment  of  commissioner 
of  the  board  of  admiralty.  He  was  a  member 
and  vestryman  of  Trinity  church,  New  York. 
He  died  in  New  York  city,  Dec.  30,  1802. 

LEWIS,  Qraceanna,  naturalist,  was  born  in 
West  Vincent.  Pa.,  Aug.  3,  1821  ;  daughter  of  John 
and  Esther  (Fussell)  Lewis  ;  granddaughter  of 
John  and  Grace  (Meredith)  Lewis,  and  of  Barthol 
omew  and  Rebecca  (Bond)  Fussell  ;  and  a  descend 
ant  of  Henry  Lewis,  a  native  of  Narbeth  in  Pem 
brokeshire,  South  Wales,  who  came  with  William 
Penn  to  Pennsylvania,  in  1682,  with  his  family 
which  included  his  father,  Evan  Lewis.  Grace- 
anna  attended  the  girls'  boarding  school  at  Kim- 
berton,  Pa.,  and  later  devoted  herself  to  the  study 
of  natural  history  and  to  painting.  She  inherited 
anti-slavery  views,  her  father's  house  being  a 
station  for  fugitive  slaves  en  route  north  by  the 
"  underground  railroad."  She  was  also  an  advo 
cate  of  woman  suffrage,  and  an  opponent  of  war, 


[52] 


LEWIS 


LEWIS 


in  accordance  with  the  principles  of  the  Society 
of  Friends  of  which  her  family  on  both  sides  had 
long  been  members.  She  was  made  a  member  of 
the  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia  ; 
the  Philosophical  society  of  Westchester,  Pa., 
the  New  Century  club 

AJJ**J«-V  of    Philadelphia  :  the 

Natural  History  so 
cieties  of  Lancaster, 
Pa.,  and  Rochester, 
N.Y.,  the  Woman's 
Anthropological  so 
ciety  of  America  ;  the 
National  Science  club 
for  women  ;  an  hon 
orary  member  of  the 
Woman's  club  of  Phil 
adelphia,  and  of  the 
Woman's  club  of  Me 
dia,  Pa.,  and  a  life 
member  of  the  Dela 
ware  County  Institute 

of  Science.  She  was  also  elected  secretary  of  the 
Woman's  Christian  Temperance  Union  of  Media, 
the  Media  Woman  Suffrage  association,  and  the 
Delaware  County  Forestry  association  ;  chief  of 
the  cultural  department  of  the  Media  Flower  mis 
sion,  and  superintendent  of  scientific  temperance 
instruction  for  the  Delaware  County  W.C.T.U. 
She  exhibited  a  model  in  wax  to  accompany  her 
"  Chart  of  the  Animal  Kingdom  "  at  the  Centen 
nial  Exposition  in  1876  and  was  commissioned  to 
paint  fifty  representations  of  the  leaves  of  forest 
trees  for  the  World's  Columbian  Exposition  in 
1893.  She  published  in  1869  a  pamphlet  intended 
to  show  Tlie  Position  of  Birds  in  the  Animal 
Kingdom,  and  in  1877  Maria  Mitchell,  then 
of  Vassar  college,  published,  as  president  of  the 
fourth  Congress  of  Women  held  in  Philadelphia, 
a  second  pamphlet  on  The  Development  of  the 
Animal  Kingdom,  being  a  paper  prepared  by  Miss 
Lewis  for  the  congress.  Her  Chart  of  the  Ani 
mal  Kingdom  was  prepared  previous  to  1876, 
that  of  the  Vegetable  Kingdom  was  completed  in 
1855,  and  both  were  soon  supplemented  by  a 
Chart  of  Geology  ivith  Special  Reference  to  Pal- 
(eontology.  In  addition  Miss  Lewis  devoted  many 
years  in  part  to  Microscopic  Studies,  includi7ig 
Frost  Crystals,  Symmetric  Forms,  Lower  Life 
Forms,  and  the  Plumage  of  Birds  ;  and  in  the 
preparation  of  a  large  number  of  illustrations  for 
lectures  on  natural  history  in  its  varied  depart 
ments.  She  also  added  to  her  other  charts  one 
On  the  Class  of  Birds,  and  another  On  the  Race  of 
Mankind.  She  illustrated  her  botanical  studies 
by  numerous  water-color  paintings  of  wild- 
flowers  and  branchlets  of  different  species  of 
trees,  and  in  1901  was  publishing  a  series  of  fif 
teen  Leaf  Charts  of  the  most  important  nut, 


timber  and  shade  trees,  whether  native  or  foreign. 
Her  charts  were  all  improved  from  time  to  time 
with  the  progress  of  knowledge. 

LEWIS,  Henry  Carvill,  geologist,  was  born  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Nov.  16, 1853  ;  son  of  Frederick 
Mortimer  and  Emma  Hnlme  (Carvill)  Lewis; 
grandson  of  John  Frederick  Lewis,  and  a  descend 
ant  of  John  Andrew  Philip  Lewis  (Ludwig).  He 
was  graduated  from 
the  University  of 
Pennsylvania,  A.B., 
1873,  A.M.,  1876.  He 
was  a  volunteer  mem 
ber  of  the  geological 
survey  of  Pennsyl 
vania,  1879-84  ;  pro 
fessor  of  mineralogy 
at  the  Academy  of 
Natural  Sciences, 
Philadelphia,  Pa.,  18- 
80-88  ;  of  geology  at 
Haverford  college, 
1883-88,  and  a  stu 
dent  of  geology  and 
of  microscopic  pe 
trology  at  the  University  of  Heidelberg,  Germany, 
1886-87.  He  devoted  himself  to  the  investigation 
of  the  origin  of  the  diamond,  1887-88,  for  which 
purpose  he  again  visited  Europe.  He  was  elected 
a  member  or  fellow  of  several  important  scienti 
fic  societies  of  America  and  Europe.  He  was 
married  in  May,  1882,  to  Julia  Catharine,  daugh 
ter  of  William  Parker  Foulke,  of  Philadelphia, 
Pa.  He  contributed  twenty-nine  communications 
to  the  mineralogical  and  geological  section  of  the 
Academy  of  Natural  Sciences,  Philadelphia  (1877- 
79),  and  papers  to  scientific  journals  in  the  United 
States  and  Europe.  He  completed  a  map  of  the 
separate  ancient  glaciers  and  ice-sheets  of  Eng 
land,  Wales  and  Ireland,  edited  the  mineralogical 
department  of  the  American  Naturalist,  and  is 
the  author  of  many  scientific  works,  including : 
The  Antiquity  of  Man  in  Eastern  America,  Geo 
logically  Considered  (1880);  Notes  on  the  Zodiacal 
Light  (1880);  The  Antiquity  and  Origin  of  the 
Trenton  Gravel  (1881);  The  Great  Ice  Age  in 
Pennsylvania  (1883);  Tlie  Geology  of  Philadelphia 
(1883);  Supposed  Glaciation  in  Pennsylvania, 
South  of  the  Terminal  Moraine  (1884);  A  Great 
Trap  Dike  Across  Southeastern  Pennsylvania 
(1885);  Comparative  Studies -upon  the  Glaciation 
of  North  America  (1886);  Diamonds  in  Meteorites  ; 
Genesis  of  the  Diamond  (1886);  Tlie  Terminal 
Moraines  of  the  Great  Glaciers  of  England  (1887). 
He  died  in  Manchester,  England,  July  21,  1888. 

LEWIS,  Henry  Llewellyn  Daingerfield,  agri 
culturist,  was  born  at  "Audley,"  Berryville, 
Clarke  county,  Ya.,  April  25,  1843;  son  of  Lo 
renzo  and  Esther  Maria  (Coxe)  Lewis,  and  grand- 


LEWIS 


LEWIS 


son  of  Lawrence  and  Eleanor  Parke  (Custis) 
Lewis  and  of  Dr.  John  Redman  Coxe  (q.v.).  He 
was  a  student  at  the  Episcopal  High  school,  Alex 
andria.  Va. ,  and  was  graduated  at  the  Virginia 
Military  institute  at  Lexington,  Va.,  Dec.  6,1861, 
ai  which  time  with  his  class  he  entered  the 
Confederate  army  and  served  throughout  the 
war,  rising  to  the  rank  of  captain  on  the  staff  of 
Gen.  J.  E.  B.  Stuart.  At  the  close  of  the  war  he 
returned  to  "  Audley.''  his  family  seat.  He  was 
married  in  1871  to  Carter  Penn,  daughter  of  John 
Freeland.  of  Richmond,  Va.,  and  had  twelve  chil 
dren.  He  was  a  representative  in  the  Virginia 
legislature  for  two  terms  ;  president  of  the  Shen- 
andoah  Agricultural  fair  for  ten  years  ;  president 
of  the  board  of  visitors  of  the  Virginia  Military 
institute  for  many  years,  and  major  on  the  staff 
of  Gov.  Fitzhugh  Lee,  tf  Virginia.  He  died  at 
"  Audley."  Berrx  ville.  Va..  Dec.  18.  1X93. 

LEWIS,  James  Taylor,  governor  of  Wiscon 
sin,  was  born  in  Clarendon.  N.Y.,  Oct.  30.  1819; 
eon  of  Shubael  and  Eleanor  (Robertson)  Lewis, 
and  grandson  of  Samuel  Lewis,  a  resident  of 
Brimtield,  Mass.  He  removed  to  Wisconsin  Ter 
ritory,  where  he  was 
admitted  to  the  bar 
of  the  United  States 
district  court  in  1845, 
and  settled  in  prac 
tice  at  Columbus, 
Columbia  county.  He 
was  married  in  1846 
toOrlanda  M..  daugh 
ter  of  David  Sturges, 
of  '  Clarendon,  N.Y. 
He  was  district  at 
torney,  county  judge. 
a  member  of  the  sec 
ond  constitutional 
convention  of  1847- 
48,  and  on  the  or 
ganization  of  the  state  government  in  1848,  he 
was  admitted  to  practice  in  the  supreme  court 
of  the  state.  He  was  a  member  of  the  state  as 
sembly.  1852;  a  state  senator,  1x53;  a  member 
of  the  court  of  impeachment,  1853  ;  lieutenant- 
governor  of  Wisconsin  from  Jan.  2.  1854,  to  Jan. 
7,  1856  ;  secretary  of  state,  1862-64,  and  governor 
from  Jan.  4,  1864,  to  Jan.  1,  1866.  As  a  war  gov 
ernor  he  aided  in  recruiting  troops  and  was  ac 
tively  engaged  in  caring  for  the  sick  and  wounded 
soldiers.  He  obtained  a  special  order  from  the 
surgeon-general  of  the  United  States  for  the 
transfer  of  all  the  sick  and  wounded  soldiers  from 
Wisconsin  to  hospitals  within  the  state,  which  he 
established.  He  also  founded  a  soldiers'  home 
and  provided  for  soldiers'  families.  He  refused  a 
renornination  as  governor  in  1865.  a  diplomatic 
office  tendered  by  President  Lincoln,  the  office 


[54] 


of  commissioner  of  internal  revenue  in  1866,  the 
Republican  nomination  for  representative  in  con 
gress  in  1866,  the  positions  of  railroad  commis 
sioner  and  regent  of  the  University  of  Wisconsin 
from  the  governor  of  Wisconsin,  and  other  public 
offices.  He  devoted  a  portion  of  his  annual  in 
come  to  the  building  and  support  of  educational 
institutions,  and  also  to  public  charities.  He  re 
ceived  the  degree  of  LL.D.  from.  Lawrence  uni 
versity,  Wisconsin,  in  1864.  He  visited  Europe 
during  the  Franco-Prussian  war  and  subsequently 
made  a  journey  around  the  world,  visiting  nearly 
every  country  of  the  globe. 

LEWIS,  John  Francis,  senator,  was  born 
near  Port  Republic,  Rockingham  county.  Va., 
March  1,  1818;  son  of  Gen.  Samuel  II.  and  Ann 
(Lewis)  Lewis  ;  grandson  of  Charles  and  - 
(Hance)  Lewis  :  great-grandson  of  Thomas  and 
Jane  (Strother)Lewis,  and  of  Col.  Charles  Lewis, 
who  was  killed  while  lighting  the  Indians 
at  Point  Pleasant,  Va..  under  his  brother. 
Gen.  Andrew  Lewis,  1774  ;  and  great-grandson  of 
John  and  Margaret  (Lynn)  Lewis.  John  Leu  is 
was  an  early  settler  in  the  Valley  of  Vir 
ginia,  three  of  whose  four  sons  were  Indian 
lighters  before  the  Revolution,  and  one  of  whom. 
Gen.  Andrew  Lewis,  is  represented  in  a  statue 
on  the  Washington  monument,  Richmond,  Va. 
John  Francis  Lewis  married  a  daughter  of  the 
Hon.  Daniel  Shelfey  (q.v.).  lie  was  a  member  of 
the  state  convention  of  18(51,  and  was  the  only 
member  of  that  body  who  refused  to  sign  the  or 
dinance  of  secession.  He  was  the  Union  candi 
date  for  representative  in  congress  from  the  sixth 
Virginia  district  in  1865.  but  was  defeated  by  A. 
H.  H.  Stuart.  He  was  elected  lieutenant-gov 
ernor  on  the  ticket  with  Gilbert  C.  Walker  for 
governor  in  1869,  leading  his  ticket  by  several 
thousand  votes.  The  legislature  in  1X69  elected 
him  U.S.  senator,  and  he  served  from  Jan.  24. 
1870,  to  March  3,  1875.  In  the  senate  he  was 
chairman  of  the  committee  on  the  District  of 
Columbia.  In  1877  he  was  appointed  by  Presi 
dent  Hayes  U.S.  marshal  for  the  western  district 
of  Virginia,  and  subsequently  resigned,  that  his 
son,  Daniel  Sheffey  Lewis,  might  accept  the  posi 
tion  of  U.S.  district  attorney.  He  was  elected 
lieutenant-governor  on  the  Readjuster  ticket 
with  William  E.  Cameron  for  governor  in  1SX1. 
He  died  at  Harrisonburg,  Va..  Sept.  3,  1895. 

LEWIS,  John  Lawson,  soldier,  was  born  in 
Lexington,  Ky.,  March  26,  1800;  son  of  Joshua 
Lewis  and  grandson  of  one  of  the  four  brothers, 
Andrew,  Thomas,  William  and  Charles  Lewis, 
sons  of  John  and  Margaret  (Lynn)  Lewis,  who 
came  from  Ireland  to  Augusta  county,  Va.,  in 
1734.  Joshua  Lewis,  born  in  Augusta  county, 
removed  to  Kentucky  and  was  a  friend  and  polit 
ical  adviser  of  Henry  Clay  ;  one  of  the  three 


LEWIS 


LEWIS 


U.  S.  commissioners  appointed  by  President  Jef 
ferson  to  take  possession  of  Louisiana  Territory 
on  its  purchase,  in  1803,  and  subsequently  judge 
of  the  supreme  court  of  the  territory.  John 
Lawson  Lewis  was  educated  in  New  Orleans  and 
at  Litchfield,  Conn.  In  1814  he  was  a  volunteer 
aide  to  General  Jackson,  serving  as  a  courier  in 
the  battle  of  New  Orleans.  He  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1821,  and  rose  to  high  rank  at  the 
New  Orleans  bar.  He  also  became  prominent  in 
the  state  militia,  gaining  the  rank  of  major-gen 
eral  of  the  first  division  in  1842,  and  was  elected 
sherilf  of  New  Orleans  in  1850,  and  mayor  of  the 
city  in  1S55.  In  the  civil  war  he  preserved  the 
organization  of  the  state  militia,  which  he  com 
manded  in  the  defence  of  the  city  and  in  the  Red 
River  campaign,  and  he  was  severely  wounded 
at  Mansfield,  La.,  April  8,  1864.  He  died  in  New 
Orleans.  La.,  May  15,  1886. 

LEWIS,  Joseph  Horace,  soldier,  was  born  in 
Barren  county,  Ky.,  Oct.  29,  1824.  He  was 
graduated  at  Centre  college,  Ky.,  in  1843,  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1845  and  settled  in  practice 
in  Glasgow.  He  represented  his  county  in  the 
state  legislature,  1850-53.  He  commanded  the 
6th  Kentucky  regiment  in  the  Confederate  army 
at  Stone's  River,  Dec.  3!,  1862-Jan.  3,  1863,  in 
Hanson's  brigade,  Breckinridge's  division,  Har- 
dee's  corps  ;  and  at  Chickamauga,  Sept.  19-20, 
1H63.  in  Helm's  brigade,  Breckinridge's  division, 
Hill's  corps,  and  when  Gen.  B.  H.  Helm  was 
killed  he  succeeded  to  the  command  of  the 
brigade.  He  commanded  the  2d  brigade  in 
Bate's  division,  Breckinridge's  corps  at  Chat 
tanooga,  Nov.  23-27,  1863,  and  in  the  Atlanta 
campaign,  May  to  September,  1864,  he  com 
manded  the  1st  brigade  of  Bate's  division,  Har- 
dee's  corps.  On  Sept.  4,  1S64,  his  brigade  was  as 
signed  to  Jackson's  cavalry  division  in  the  inva 
sion  of  Tennessee  and  protected  the  flank  move 
ment  of  the  Confederate  army  at  Franklin  and 
Nashville.  He  returned  to  Glasgow  at  the  close 
of  the  war  ;  was  again  a  representative  in  the 
state  legislature,  1869-70,  and  was  a  Democratic 
representative  from  the  third  Kentucky  district 
in  the  41st  congress  in  place  of  J.  S.  Golladay. 
•who  resigned  April,  1870,  and  in  the  42d  congress, 
JS71-73.  He  was  twice  married,  first,  Nov.  29, 
]845.  to  Sarah  H.  Rogers  of  Glasgow,  Ky.,  and 
secondly,  March  29,  1883,  to  Mrs.  Cassadra  John 
son  of  Frankfort,  Ky. 

LEWIS,  Josiah,  educator,  was  born  at  Ray- 
town,  Ga.,  May  4,  1839  ;  son  of  Josiah  and  Eliza 
beth  (Moore)  Lewis;  and  grandson  of  Walker 
and  Polly  (Graham)  Lewis  and  of  John  and  Eliz 
abeth  (Davis)  Moore.  He  was  graduated  from 
Emory  college  with  first  honors,  A.B.,  1859, 
A.M.,  1862  ;  server!  in  the  Confederate  army  four 
years  :  was  professor  of  Greek  in  Emory  college, 


1866-77;  professor  in  Southern  university,  Greens 
boro,  Ala.,  1877-79 ;  chancellor  of  the  latter, 
1879-81,  and  in  1881  re-entered  the  Methodist 
itinerancy.  He  was  twice  married,  first,  May  3, 
1866,  to  Mary  Rosina  Hubert,  and  secondly,  to 
Sallie  Williamson  Lamar.  He  received  the  hon 
orary  degree  of  D.D.  from  Trinity  college,  N.C., 
in  1878.  He  died  in  Sparta,  Ga.,  Feb.  13,  1885. 

LEWIS,  Lawrence,  soldier,  was  born  in  Fred- 
ericksburg,  Va.,  April  4,  1767  ;  son  of  Col.  Field 
ing  and  Elizabeth  (Washington)  Lewis  and 
grandson  of  Augustine  and  Mary  (Ball)  Wash 
ington.  He  resided  at  Woodlawn,  near  Mt.  Ver- 
non,  and  served  as  aid  to  General  Morgan  in  his 
expedition  to  quell  an  insurrection,  in  Pennsyl 
vania  in  1794.  He  was  General  Washington's 
favorite  nephew  and  after  Washington's  retire 
ment  from  public  life,  resided  with  him  at  Mt. 
Vernon.  He  was  married,  Feb.  22,  1799,  to 
Eleanor  Parke,  daughter  of  John  Parke  Custis 
and  a  granddaughter  of  Martha  (Custis)  Wash 
ington  ;  she  was  adopted  with  her  brother, 
George  Washington  Parke  Custis,  by  General 
Washington  on  the  death  of  their  father  in  1783. 
Eleanor  Parke  (Custis)  Lewis  (born  March  21, 
1779,  died  at  Audley,  Clarke  county,  Va.,  July 
15,  1852),  was  the  mother  of  one  son,  Lorenzo, 
and  of  throe  daughters,  one  died  in  youth,  an 
other  became  Mrs.  Conrad  of  New  Orleans,  arid 
another  Mrs;  Butler.  Lawrence  Lewis  was  the 
last  living  executor  of  the  will  of  General  Wash 
ington  and  continued  to  reside  at  Mt.  Vernon 
until  the  death  of  Martha  Washington,  May  22, 
1802.  He  died  at  Arlington,  Va.,  Nov.  30,  1839. 

LEWIS,  fieri  wether,  governor  of  Louisiana, 
was  born  near  Charlottesville,  Va.,  Aug.  18,  1774  ; 
the  youngest  son  of  Capt.  William  and  Lucy 
(Meriwether)  Lewis  ;  grandson  of  Col.  Robert  and 
Jane  (Meriwether)  Lewis,  and  of  Thomas  Meri 
wether ;  great  grand 
son  of  William  Meri- 
Avether  ;  great'2-grand- 
son  of  Nicholas  Meri 
wether  of  Wales  ;  and 
grand  nephew  of  John 
Lewis,  a  member  of 
the  King's  council 
before  the  Revolu 
tion,  and  of  Fielding- 
Lewis  (q.  v.),  and 
nephew  of  Col.  Nicho 
las  Lewis,  who  com 
manded  a  regiment 
of  Virginia  militia 
in  the  successful  ex 
pedition  against  the 
Cherokee  Indians  in  1776,  and  who  on  the  death 
of  Meri wether's  father  became  his  guardian. 
Meriwether  attended  a  Latin  school,  1787-92; 


LEWIS 


LEWIS 


conducted  his  mother's  farm,  1792-94:  enlisted 
in  the  state  militia  called  out  by  President 
Washington  in  1794  to  suppress  the  opposi 
tion  to  the  excise  taxes  in  western  Pennsyl 
vania,  and  then  joined  the  regular  service  as 
lieutenant  in  the  line.  He  was  promoted  captain 
in  1797,  and  became  pay  m  ister  of  the  1st  U.S.  in 
fantry.  In  1797  the  American  Philosophical 
society,  through  the  suggestion  of  Thomas  Jeffer 
son,  undertook  to  secure  some  competent  person 
to  ascend  the  Missouri  river,  cross  the  Stony 
mountains,  and  descend  the  nearest  river  to  the 
Pacific.  Captain  Lewis,  being  then,  stationed  at 
Charlottesville  on  recruiting  duty,  solicited  Mr. 
Jefferson  to  be  allowed  to  make  the  journey,  but 
Andre  Michaux,  the  botanist,  was  appointed  and 
proceeded  as  far  as  Kentucky,  when  he  was  re 
called  by  the  French  minister,  then  in  Philadel 
phia,  and  the  attempt  was  abandoned.  Captain 
Lewis  served  as  private  secretary  to  President 
Jefferson,  1801-03,  and  when  congress  voted  the 
money  to  carry  out  the  President's  project  of 
crossing  the  continent  to  the  Pacific,  he  was 
entrusted  witli  the  command  of  the  enterprise 
with  Capt.  William  Clark,  as  second  in  com 
mand.  He  pursued  a  course  in  the  natural  sci 
ences  and  astronomical  observations  at  Philadel 
phia  and  at  Lancaster,  Pa.,  preparatory  to  the 
undertaking.  The  instructions,  signed  by  Presi 
dent  Jefferson,  Jan.  20,  1803,  detailed  the  scien 
tific,  geographical,  commercial  and  diplomatic 
purposes  of  the  expedition  and  provided  for  all 
contingencies  likely  to  arise.  The  treaty  of 
Paris,  April  13,  1803,  had  meantime  transferred 
the  Territory  of  Louisiana  to  the  United  States, 
and  the  information  reached  Washington  about 
the  first  day  of  July.  On  July  5,  1803,  Captain 
Lewis  left  Washington  for  Pittsburg,  where  he 
was  to  select  his  stores,  outfit  and  men.  Delays 
in  preparation  retarded  the  journey  down  the 
Ohio  and  the  expedition  could  not  enter  the 
Missouri  until  the  ice  had  broken  up  in  the 
spring  of  1804.  They  ascended  the  Missouri  to 
its  sources,  crossed  to  Rocky  Mountains,  struck 
the  headwaters  of  the  Columbia  river,  floated 
down  that  river  to  its  mouth  and  explored  much 
of  the  Oregon  country.  Their  explorations  cov 
ered  nearly  all  the  section  south  of  the  49th  par 
allel.  They  started  for  the  east,  March  23,  1800, 
and  reached  Washington,  Feb.  14,  1807.  Con 
gress  granted  to  the  two  chiefs  and  their  fol 
lowers  the  donation  of  lands  which  had  been 
promised  as  a  reward  for  tlreir  toil  and  dangers. 
Captain  Lewis  was  soon  after  appointed  governor 
of  Louisiana  and  Captain  Clark  commissioned  a 
general  in  the  militia  and  made  agent  of  the 
United  States  for  Indian  affairs  in  the  territory 
of  Louisiana.  On  reaching  St.  Louis,  the  capital 
of  the  territory,  Governor  Lewis  found  much 


confusion  in  public  affairs,  and  in  September,. 
1809,  set  out  to  Washington  to  carry  valuable 
vouchers  of  accounts  and  his  journal  of  the  ex 
pedition  to  and  from  the  Pacific.  His  party  was 
joined  at  Chickasaw  Bluffs  by  Mr.  Neiley,  U.S. 
agent  to  the  Chickasaw  Indians,  and  his  party 
and  they  proceeded  together.  While  at  the  home 
of  a  Mr.  Grinder  in  Kentucky,  in  a  fit  of  hypo 
chondria.  Governor  Lewis  killed  himself.  In  the 
selection  of  names  for  the  Hall  of  Fame  for  Great 
Americans,  New  York  university,  in  October, 
1900,  his  was  one  of  the  twenty-one  names  in 
"  Class  E,  Missionaries  and  Explorers  "  and  re 
ceived  thirteen  votes,  standing  eighth  in  the- 
class.  He  died  Oct.  8.  1809. 

LEWIS,  florgan,  statesman,  was  born  in  New 
York  city,  Oct.  16,  1754:  son  of  Francis  aiid 
Elizabeth  (Annesley)  Lewis.  He  attended  the 
public  school  at  Elizabeth  town,  N.J.,  and  was 
graduated  from  the  College  of  New  Jersey,  A.B., 
1773,  A.M.,  1770.  His 
intention  was  to  de 
vote  himself  to  the 
ministry,  but  yield 
ing  to  his  father's 
wishes  he  studied  law. 
In  1774  he  joined  the 
Continental  army  as 
a  volunteer  ;  was  sub 
sequently  chosen  cap 
tain  of  a  regiment 
of  New  York  mili 
tia  ;  but  upon  the 
organization  of  the 
2d  New  York  militia 
regiment  he  was  com 
missioned  major.  He 

was  appointed  chief-of-staff  to  Gen.  Horatio 
Gates,  with  the  rank  of  colonel,  and  accom 
panied  him  into  Canada,  and  soon  after  con 
gress  appointed  him  quartermaster-general  of 
the  Northern  army.  He  was  prominent  through 
out  the  campaign  that  ended  with  the  sur 
render  of  Burgoyne  at  Saratoga,  and  in  177.1 
he  planned  and  executed  the  night  attack  on 
Stone  Arabia,  and  was  in  command  at  the  battle 
of  Crown  Point,  where  he  was  accompanied  by 
Governor  Clinton.  At  the  close  of  the  war  Colo 
nel  Lewis  returned  to  New  York,  where  he  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  and  practised  in  New  York 
city.  He  married  Gertrude,  daughter  of  Robert 
R.  Livingston.  He  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
assembty  ;  became  one  of  the  judges  of  the  court 
of  common  pleas  ;  was  appointed  attorney-gen 
eral  of  the  state  in  1791  ;  judge  of  the  supreme 
court  in  1792;  chief  justice  in  1793;  and  was 
governor  of  the  state.  1804-07.  In  1806  he  was 
defeated  for  re-election  by  Daniel  I).  Tompkins 
and  retired  to  his  estate  at  Staatsburg.  Duchess- 


LEWIS 


LEWIS 


county,  N.Y..  where  he  devoted  much  of  his  time 
to  agriculture.  Having  given  up  the  practice  of 
law,  Lewis  established  a  cloth  factory  and  for 
several  years  devoted  himself  to  manufacturing. 
The  failure  of  a  mercantile  house  to  which  his 
goods  were  assigned  caused  him  to  discontinue 
the  business.  In  1810  he  was  elected  to  the  state 
senate,  and  he  declined  the  position  of  secretary 
of  war  in  President  Madison's  cabinet  in  1812, 
but  accepted  the  appointment  of  quartermaster- 
general  of  the  armies  of  the  United  States.  He" 
was  promoted  major-general  in  March,  1813,  and 
in  April  repaired  to  the  Niagara  frontier.  He 
commanded  at  the  capture  of  Fort  George,  and 
also  at  Sacket  Harbor  and  French  Creek.  In  the 
summer  of  1814  he  was  in  command  at  New  York. 
He  procured  the  release  of  the  American  prisoners 
in  Canada,  advancing  from  his  private  fortune  the 
money  for  its  accomplishment,  and  also  rewarding 
his  own  tenants  who  had  served  in  or  sent  sons 
to  the  war,  by  allowing  them  free  rent  for  the 
time  they  served  in  the  army.  He  was  a  Free 
mason  and  was  elected  grand  master  in  1831.  He 
was  president  of  the  New  York  Historical  society, 
vice-president-general  of  the  Society  of  the  Cin 
cinnati,  1829-39,  and  president-general,  1839-44; 
president  of  the  council  of  the  University  of  the 
City  of  New  York,  1831-34,  and  a  trustee  of  Co 
lumbia  college,  1784-1804.  He  died  iu  New  York 
city,  April  7.  1844. 

LEWIS,  Tayler,  educator,  was  born  in  North 
umberland,  N.Y.,  March  27,  1802  ;  son  of  Samuel 
and  Sarah  (Van  Valkenburg)  Lewis.  His  father 
was  an  officer  in  the  Revolutionary  army  and  his 
mother  was  a  niece  of  John  Tayler,  lieutenant- 
governor  of  New  York,  and  a  descendant  of 
Johannas  Van  Valkenberg,  a  native  of  Holland 
and  an  early  settler  of  Albany.  Tayler  Lewis 
was  graduated  from  Union  college  in  1820, 
studied  law  in  Albany,  N.Y.,  and  practised  at 
Fort  Miller,  N.  Y. ,  1823-33.  He  devoted  his  leisure 
to  the  study  of  Biblical  literature  and  to  the 
Greek  and  Latin  languages.  He  conducted  a 
classical  school  at  Waterford,  N.Y.,  1833-35,  and 
one  at  Ogdensburg,  N.Y.,  1835-38.  In  1838  he 
delivered  the  Phi  Beta  Kappa  address  at  Union, 
taking  as  his  subject  "  Faith,  the  Life  of  Science." 
This  address,  which  was  published,  attracted 
wide  attention.  He  was  professor  of  Greek  and 
Latin  languages  at  the  University  of  the  City  of 
New  York,  1838-40,  and  of  Greek  language  and 
literature,  1840-44.  He  was  professor  of  ancient 
Oriental  languages  and  literature  at  Union  col 
lege,  1849-63,  and  of  ancient  languages,  1863-77. 
He  received  the  honorary  degree  of  LL.D.  from 
Union  college  in  1844.  In  the  selection  of  names 
for  a  place  in  the  Hall  of  Fame  for  Great  Amer 
icans,  New  York  university,  made  in  October, 
1900,  his  was  one  of  the  fifteen  names  submitted 


in  "  Class  C,  Educators  "  and  received  two  votes. 
His  published  writings  include  :  Believing  ^irit 
(1841);  State,  Family  and  Church  (1843);  Plato 
contra  Atheos  (1844);  Penalty  of  Death,  in  George 
B.  Cheever's  "  Defence  of  Capital  Punishment" 
(1846);  Six  Days  of  Creation  (1855);  The  Bible 
and  Science,  or  the  World  Problem  (1856);  The 
Divine  Human  in  the  Scripture  (1860);  The  Heroic 
Periods  in  a  Nat  ion's  History  (1866);  The  Light 
l)ij  ivhich  we  see  Light,  Vedder  Lectures  (1875); 
Memoirs  of  Eliphalet  Nott,  with  Van  Santvoord 
and  Lewis  (1875);  Bible  Psalmody,  the  Impreca 
tory  Psalms  (1880);  Wine  Drinking  and  the  Scrip- 
tnres  (1881);  and  contributions  to  Lange's  Commen 
tary,  and  to  Harper's  Magazine  and  other  periodi 
cals.  He  died  in  Schenectady,  N.Y.,  May  11,  1877. 

LEWIS,  Thomas,  patriot,  was  born  in  Done 
gal,  Ireland,  April  27,  1718;  son  of  John,  "the- 
pioneer,"and  Margaret  (Lynn)  Lewis,  and  grand 
son  of  Andrew  and  Mary  (Calhoun)  Lewis.  He 
came  to  Augusta  county,  Va.,  with  his  parents 
in  1732  and  was  one  of  the  best  mathematicians 
of  his  day  in  Virginia.  During  the  colonial 
and  the  Revolutionary  periods  he  rendered  im 
portant  services  to  his  country,  but  owing  to 
defective  vision  he  took  no  active  part  in  the 
Indian  and  Revolutionary  wars.  He  was  married 
Jan.  29,  1746,  to  Jane,  daughter  of  William 
Strother  of  Stafford  county,  Va.  In  1746  he  was 
appointed  colonial  surveyor  of  Augusta  county, 
and  he  was  associated  with  George  Washington 
in  the  surveys  of  Virginia  lands,  which  enabled 
both  to  acquire  desirable  tracts.  He  represented 
Augusta  county  in  the  house  of  burgesses  almost 
uninterruptedly,  1745-67,  and  voted  in  1765  for 
Patrick  Henry's  resolutions,  declaring  that  "this 
general  assembly  has  the  only  exclusive  right 
and  power  to  lay  taxes  and  impositions  on  the 
inhabitants  of  this  county."  He  was  a  delegate 
to  the  colonial  congress  in  1775  ;  a  member  of 
the  convention  of  1776  ;  a  commissioner  to  treat 
with  the  Indian  tribes  in  1778,  and  a  member 
of  the  Virginia  convention  of  June  26,  1788, 
that  ratified  the  Federal  constitution.  He  died  in 
Augusta  county,  Va.,  Jan.  31,  1790. 

LEWIS,  Thomas  Hamilton,  educator,  was 
born  Dec.  11,  1852.  He  was  graduated  from 
Western  Maryland  college  in  1875,  and  entered 
the  itinerancy  of  the  Methodist  Protestant  church 
as  a  member  of  the  Maryland  Annual  conference. 
In  1882  he  was  appointed  principal  to  "  enter  at 
once  upon  his  duties  in  such  preparatory  work  as 
shall  enable  him  to  organize  and  commence  the 
course  of  instruction  in  the  School  of  Theology  " 
afterward  the  Westminster  Theological  semi 
nary  of  the  Methodist  Protestant  church,  and  lie- 
continued  in  the  work  as  president  and  professor 
of  Hebrew  language  and  literature  till  1886.  He 
married  the  daughter  of  the  Rev.  Dr.  James 


[57] 


LEWIS 


LEYBl'RX 


Thomas  Ward,  founder  of  Western  Maryland  col 
lege.  In  July,  1886,  upon  the  retirement  of  Dr. 
Ward  from  the  presidency  of  Western  Maryland 
college,  Westminster,  Mel.,  to  assume  the  presi 
dency  of  Westminster  Theological  seminary,  Dr. 
Lewis  became  his  successor  and  under  his  admin 
istration  Western  Maryland  college  became  one  of 
the  leading  educational  institutions  of  the  state. 
He  also  became  a  popular  lecturer  before  annual 
institutes  for  teachers  in  the  various  centres  of 
the  state.  He  made  a  tour  of  the  world  in  five 
months,  1890-9:3.  He  received  the  honorary  de 
gree  of  D.D.  from  Adrian  college,  Mich.,  in  1885. 

LEWIS,  William,  soldier,  was  born  in  Done 
gal,  Ireland,  in  1704  :  son  of  John  and  Margaret 
(Lynn)  Lewis.  He  was  educated  in  the  school 
conducted  by  the  blind  preacher,  the  Rev.  Dr. 
James  Waddell,  in  eastern  Virginia,  and  in 
medicine  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  returned  to 
Virginia,  intending  to  settle  in  the  practice  of 
medicine,  but  in  IT.");!  volunteered  for  service  in 
the  French  and  Indian  war  and  was  severely 
wounded  in  Braddock's  defeat.  He  then  returned 
to  his  practice  in  Augusta  county,  Va.,  where 
he  took  an  active  interest  in  the  erection  of 
schools  and  churches,  and  was  an  elder  in  the 
Presbyterian  church.  He  was  commissioned, 
colonel  in  the  continental  army  in  1776,  and 
served  until  1781,  when  he  resigned  and  returned 
to  his  family.  In  1790  he  removed  to  Sweet 
Spring.  Monroe  county.  He  was  married  to  Ann 
Montgomery  of  Delaware.  He  died  at  Sweet 
Spring,  Va.,  in  1811. 

LEWIS,  William,  soldier,  was  born  in  Augusta 
county,  Va.,  in  1764;  son  of  .Gen.  Andrew  and 
Elizabeth  (Givens)  Lewis,  and  grandson  of  John 
mid  Margaret  (Lynn)  Lewis,  the  immigrants,  1782. 
He  was  a  captain  in  General  St.  Clair's  army  on 
the  Miami  in  1791  ;  and  was  transferred  to  the 
3d  infantry,  March  16,  1790,  and  to  the  3d  sub- 
legion  in  December,  1790.  He  resigned  in  July, 
1797.  On  Aug.  14,  1810,  he  rejoined  the  army  as 
lieutenant-colonel,  commanding  the  Kentucky 
volunteers;  served  at  Frenchtown.  Jan.  18,  1813, 
and  under  Winchester  in  his  defeat  on  the  River 
Raisin.  Jan.  00,  1813,  where  he  was  captured,  sent 
to  Quebec,  and  imprisoned  for  two  years.  He 
died  near  Little  Rock,  Ark.,  Jan.  17.  1805. 

LEWIS,  William  Qaston,  soldier,  was  born  in 
Rocky  Mount,  N.C.,  Sept.  3,  1835  ;  son  of  John 
Wesley  and  Catharine  (Battle)  Lewis,  and  grand 
son  of  Exum  and  Ann  (Harrison)  Lewis  and  of 
Joel  and  Mary  (Johnston)  Battle.  He  descended 
from  Revolutionary  stock.  Ho  was  graduated 
from  the  University  of  North  Carolina  in  1855; 
taught  at  Chapel  Hill  and  in  Jackson  county.  Fla.  ; 
was  a  government  surveyor,  1X57-5X,  and  assist 
ant  engineer  on  the  Tarboro  branch  of  the  Wil 
mington  and  Weldon  railroad,  1858-61.  He  was 
married  March  15,  1X64.  to  Martha  E.  Tender. 
As  a  member  of  the  Edgecombe  guards,  which 


formed  a  part  of  the  1st  N.C.  regiment,  he  was 
made  ensign  and  lieutenant  in  18(51.  For  his 
action  in  the  battle  of  Big  Bethel,  he  was  pro 
moted  major  of  the  33d  N.C'.  regiment;  and  for 
the  battle  of  New  Berne  he  was  promoted  lieu 
tenant-colonel  of  the  43d  N.C.  regiment,  Jan.  17, 
1860.  He  engaged  in  the  battles  of  Malvern  Hill : 
Gettysburg,  where  he  succeeded  to  the  colonelcy  ; 
Bristow  Station  ;  Mine  Run  ;  Plymouth,  and 
Dre wry 's Bluff,  and  in  the  latter  battle  constructed 
all  the  outer  line  of  works.  He  was  promoted 
brigadier-general  and  assigned  to  Hoke's  N.C. 
brigade,  and  was  with  General  Early  in  the  cam 
paign  in  the  valley  of  Virginia  and  at  Peters 
burg.  At  Farmville  lie  was  severely  wounded. 
He  was  state  engineer  and  agent  of  the  state 
board  of  education  for  swamp  lands  and  was 
chief  of  engineers.  North  Carolina  state  guards, 
at  the  time  of  his  death,  which  occurred  at 
Goldsboro,  N.C..  Jan.  7,  1901. 

LEYBURN,  John,  clergyman,  was  born  in 
Lexington,  Va..  April  05,  1814  ;  son  of  John  and 
Jane  (McDowell)  Ley  burn  ;  grandson  of  George 
and  Abigail  Leyburn.  and  a  descendant  of  an 
English  family  who  settled  in  Ireland  in  the 
sixteenth  century,  and  were  connected  with 
Deny  in  its  early  history,  and  members  of  which 
immigrated  to  America  in  the  eighteenth  cen 
tury.  He  was  a  brother  of  Dr.  Alfred  Leyburn 
and  of  the  Rev.  George  WT.  Leyburn.  He  was 
graduated  from  Washington  college,  Lexington, 
Va.,  in  1831,  and  from  the  College  of  New  Jersey. 
A.B.,  1833.  A.M.,  1836.  He  studied  theology  at 
the  Union  Theological  seminary  in  Virginia  and 
at  Columbia,  S.C.,  and  entered  the  Presbyterian 
ministry.  He  organize;!  a  church  at  Gainesville, 
Ala.,  in  1836,  and  during  his  two  years'  pastorate 
built  a  church  for  the  congregation.  He  was 
pastor  of  the  Tabb  Street  Presbyterian  church  at 
Petersburg,  Va.,  1838-44.  and  during  his  pastorate 
built  a  large  church  edifice.  On  being  appointed 
secretary  of  the  Presbyterian  board  of  publica 
tion,  he  removed  to  Philadelphia.  Pa.,  1844, 
where  he  remained  until  1X60.  He  was  married 
at  Fredericksburg.  Va.,  in  1845  to  Mary  Louisa 
Stuart,  daughter  of  Col.  Hugh  Mercer.  lie  be 
came  part  owner  and  chief  editor  of  the  Phila 
delphia  Presbyterian  in  1847.  but  at  the  out 
break  of  the  civil  war  resigned  his  position 
and  returned  to  Virginia,  his  sympathies  being 
with  the  Southern  cause.  He  served  as  secre 
tary  of  the  domestic  missions  and  publication 
of  the  Presbyterian  church,  south,  1N61-65  ; 
was  pastor  of  an  Independent  Presbyterian 
church  in  Baltimore.  Mil.,  1X65-X7.  and  pas 
tor  emeritus,  1887-91.  He  was  a  trustee  of 
the  College  of  New  Jersey,  1875-X6.  He  re 
ceived  the  degree  of  D.D.  from  Hampden-Sidney 
college,  Virginia,  in  1X49.  He  traveled  in  Eu 
rope  and  the  Holy  Land,  and  contribut."d  many 
articles  on  his  travels  to  the  Presbyterian  and  the 


LEYDT 


Xe\v  York  Observer.  He  is  the  author  of :  Tlie 
Soldier  of  the  Cross  (1851);  Hints  to  Young  Men 
from  the  Parable  of  the  Prodigal  Son  (1880);  Lec 
tures  on  the  Journeyings  of  the  Children  of  Israel 
from  the  Land  of  Bondage  to  the  Land  of  Prom 
ise  (1885).  He  died  at  The  Manse,  Waynesboro, 
Ya.,  the  home  of  his  niece,  Mrs.  A.  R.  Cocke,  in 
August,  1894. 

LEYDT,  Johannes,  clergyman,  was  born  in 
Holland  in  1718,  and  immigrated  with  an  elder 
brother  to  America  at  an  early  age,  settling  near 
Fishkill-on-the-Hudson,  N.Y.  He  prepared  him 
self  for  the  ministry,  and  was  licensed  by  the 
Coatus  of  the  Dutch  Reformed  church  in  1748, 
and  was  immediately  installed  as  pastor  at  New 
Brunswick  and  Six  Mile  Run,  N.J.,  holding  both 
charges  until  1783.  He  was  a  staunch  ally  of  the 
Ctetus  party  in  their  conflict  with  the  Conferentie 
party,  maintaining  that  ministers  should  he  edu 
cated  in  America  and  that  the  church  should  be 
independent  of  the  mother  church  in  Holland. 
He  was  a  firm  patriot  during  the  Revolution.  He 
was  active  in  founding  Queen's,  now  Rutger's 
college,  in  New  Jersey,  and  was  one  of  the  first 
trustees  in  1770.  He  was  elected  president  of  the 
general  synod  of  the  Dutch  Reformed  church  in 
1778.  He  is  the  author  of  several  pamphlets  on 
the  Coetus-Conferentie  conflict  :  True  Liberty  the 
Way  to  Peace  (1760):  and  A  Defence  of  True 
Liberty  the  Way  to  Peace  (1762).  He  died  in  New 
Brunswick,  N.J.,  in  1783. 

L'HOririEDIEU,  Ezra,  delegate,  was  born  in 
Southold,  L.I.,  N.Y.,  Aug.  30,  1734;  son  of  Benja 
min  and  Martha  (Bourne)  L'Hommedieu,  and  a 
grandson  of  Benjamin  and  Patience  (Sylvester) 
L'Hommedieu  and  of  Judge  Ezra  and  Martha 
(Prince)  Bourne,  of  Sandwich,  Mass.  Benjamin 

L'Homme- 
dieu,  the 
immigrant, 
his  grand 
father  was 
born  in  La 
Rochelle, 
France,  and 
was  one  of 
the  persecu 
ted  Hugue 
not  refugees  who  fled  to  Holland,  thence  to 
America,  in  1686,  settling  in  Southold,  L.I.,  in  1690. 
Ezra  was  graduated  from  Yale  in  1754,  practised 
law  in  New  York  city  and  was  early  called 
into  the  public  councils.  He  was  a  delegate 
to  the  New  York  provincial  congresses  in  May, 

1775,  December,    1775,    May,    1776,    and    July, 

1776,  and    was    active     in    founding     the    first 
state    constitution     in    July,    1776.     He    was    a 
member  of   the  New  York    assembly,    1777-83  ; 
a  delegate  to  the  Continental  congress,  1779-83, 


1785-1788. 
\5/\jT    HOUSE,  - 


and  1787-88  ;  state  senator,  1784-92  and  1794-1809, 
and  a  regent  of  the  University  of  the  State  of 
New  York,  1787-1811.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
Society  for  the  Promotion  of  Agricultural  Arts 
and  Manufactures,  and  was  its  vice-president 
from  its  organization  in  1791  until  his  death.  He 
was  married,  Dec.  24,  1756,  to  Charity,  daughter 
of  Nicholl  and  Tabitha  (Smith)  Floyd,  of  Brook- 
haven,  L.I.  She  died  July  31.  1785,  and  he  was 
married  secondly,  June  15,  1803,  to  Mary  Cath 
arine,  daughter  of  Nicoll  and  Sarah  (Fosdick) 
Havens,  of  Shelter  Island,  L.I.,  N.Y.  He  died  in 
Southold.  L.I.,  N.Y.,  Sept.  27.  1811. 

LIBBEY,  William,  educator,  was  born  in  Jer 
sey  City,  N.J.,  March  27,  1855;  son  of  William 
and  Elizabeth  (Marsh)  Libbey  and  grandson  of 
William  Seavey  and  Sarah  (Farringtoii)  Libbey. 
His  first  ancestor  in  America  was  an  early  settler 
of  Portsmouth,  N.H.,  1630.  He  attended  the 
Polytechnic  institute,  Brooklyn,  N.Y.,  and  was 
graduated  from  the  College  of  New  Jersejr,  A.B., 
1877,  A.M.  and  Sc.D.,  1879.  He  was  married, 
Dec.  7,  1880,  to  Mary  Elizabeth,  eldest  daughter 
of  Prof.  William  Henry  Green,  of  Princeton  Theo 
logical  seminary.  He  was  associate  professor  of 
natural  science  at  Princeton,  1880-83  ;  professor 
of  physical  geography  and  director  of  the  E.M. 
Geological  museum,  1883-85,  and  professor  of  his 
tology,  1885-98.  He  was  elected  a  fellow  of  the 
Royal  Geographical  society  and  of  the  Royal 
Geological  society  of  London  in  1880,  the  geo 
graphical  and  geological  societies  of  France  in 
1879,  and  became  foreign  secretary  of  the  Amer 
ican  Geographical  society.  He  edited  Guyofs 
Pliysical  and  Meteorological  Tables  (1884),  and 
Guyot's  Physical  Geography  (1884). 

LICK,  James,  philanthropist,  was  borninFred- 
ericksburg,  Pa.,  Aug.  25,  1796;  son  of  John  and 
Sarah  (Long)  Lick  ;  grandson  of  William  Luk,  an 
emigrant  from  the 
Palatinate,  Germany, 
who  settled  in  Mont 
gomery  county,  Pa. 
His  mother  died  in 
1812,  and  his  father, 
who  fought  at  Val 
ley  Forge,  died  in  18- 
31  at  the  age  of  104 
years.  He  learned 
the  trade  of  an  or 
gan  and  piano  ma 
ker,  and  in  1821  en 
gaged  in  the  busi 
ness  in  New  York 
city,  where  he  failed 
for  lack  of  capital. 
He  then  visited  Rio  de  Janeiro,  Valparaiso  and 
other  cities  in  South  America,  where  lie  en 
gaged  in  the  manufacture  and  sale  of  musical 


[59] 


LICK 


LIEBER 


instruments  and  made  a  small  fortune.  He 
settled  in  San  Francisco,  Cal.,  in  1S47,  and  in 
vested  $30,000  in  real  estate  and  other  enterprises. 
He  built  one  of  the  finest  hotels  on  the  Pacific 
coast  and  named  it  the  Lick  House.  This  hotel 
was  sold  by  the  trustees  to  the  estate  of  James  G. 
Fair  for  ,$1,250,000.  In  1874  he  gave  all  his  prop 
erty,  valued  at  that  time  at  about  $'2,000,000,  to 
certain  public  and  charitable  purposes.  Twice 
before  his  death  he  desired  to  make  changes  in 
his  schedule  of  gifts,  and  each  time  on  the  trus 
tees  expressing  some  doubts  as  to  their  legal  right 
to  give  assent,  he  requested  them  to  resign  and 
selected  new  trustees.  After  providing  for  a 
number  of  minor  legacies,  ranging  from  §2000  to 
825,000  cash,  to  relatives,  friends  and  charities, 
and  providing  for  four  monuments,  to  cost  $5000 
each,  to  his  father,  mother,  grandfather  and  sis 
ter  in  Pennsylvania,  he  left,  for  the  erection  of  a 
bronze  monument  in  Golden  Gate  park  to  Francis 
Scott  Key,  $60,000  ;  for  a  group  of  bronze  stat 
uary  representing  the  history  of  California,  to  be 
erected  in  front  of  the  City  Hall,  San  Francisco, 
$100,000;  for  the  founding  of  the  Old  Ladies' 
Home  at  San  Francisco,  $100,000  ;  for  the  erection 
and  maintenance  of  free  public  baths  in  that  city, 
$150,000  ;  to  found  and  endow  an  institution  to  be 
called  the  California  School  of  Mechanical  Arts, 
$540,000  ;  to  his  son,  John  Henry  Lick,  $150,000, 
which  amount  the  trustees  afterward  increased 
to  $535,000,  as  final  compromise  settlement  after 
a  prolonged  contest  in  the  courts  ;  and  to  construct 
an  observatory  and  place  therein  a  telescope 
which  should  be  more  powerful  than  any  that 
had  been  made,  and  to  constitute  the  observatory 
a  department  of  the  University  of  California, 
$700,000.  The  site  was  selected  during  Mr.  Lick's 
lifetime  on  the  summit  of  Mt.  Hamilton,  4209 
feet  above  the  sea.  fifty  miles  southeast  of  San 
Francisco,  and  twenty-six  miles  by  stage  line 
east  from  San  Jose.  It  includes  a  reservation  of 
about  2GOO  acres,  extending  roughly  in  a  circle 
one  mile  below  the  site  of  the  observatory.  The 
telescope  has  an  object  glass  of  thirty-six  inches 
clear  aperture,  the  dome  of  the  observatory  is 
turned  by  hydraulic  power,  and  the  floor  is  raised 
and  lowered  by  the  same  means.  He  also  pro 
vided  that  after  all  the  bequests  had  been  paid 
the  residue  of  the  estate  should  be  divided 
equally  between  the  California  Academy  of 
Sciences  and  the  Society  of  California  Pioneers, 
of  which  lie  was  president.  The  trustees  in  the 
management  of  the  estate  not  only  completed  all 
the  stated  bequests,  but  divided  a  surplus  of 
$1,200,000  between  the  two  societies  named  as 
residuary  legatees.  His  board  of  trustees  directed 
that  his  remains  be  placed  in  a  vault  under  the 
pier  sustaining  the  telescope  of  Lick  observatory, 
and  they  were  so  disposed  in  1887.  He  died  in 
San  Francisco.  Cal.,  Oct.  1,  1870. 


[60] 


LIDDELL,  Hark  Harvey,  educator,  was  born 
in  Cleariield,  Pa.,  April  1,  I860;  son  of  Thomas 
and  Sophronia  (Swan)  Liddell.  His  father  came 
to  America  from  Berwickshire,  Scotland.  He 
was  graduated  B.A.  from  the  College  of  New  Jer 
sey  in  1887,  returning  thither  as  university  fel 
low  in  English  in  1888-89.  He  was  Latin  master 
at  Germaiitown  academy,  Philadelphia,  1889-91, 
and  at  Lawrenceville  school,  N.J.,  1891-93.  He 
continued  the  special  study  of  English  at  Oxford, 
1893-94  ;  at  Berlin,  1894-95,  and  again  at  Oxford, 
1895-96.  He  was  elected  associate  professor  of 
English  literature  at  the  University  of  Texas, 
1897-98,  and  was  made  professor  of  English  there 
in  1898,  resigning  in  1900  to  devote  his  time  to 
the  preparation  of  an  edition  of  Shakspere.  He 
was  married,  Dec.  30,  1890,  to  Mary  Stanley, 
daughter  of  Samuel  and  Mary  Gray  (Patterson) 
Field,  of  Philadelphia.  He  was  part  editor  of 
the  Globe  Chaucer  (1M9G);  editor  of  The  Middle 
Translation  of  Palladia*  d<>  Re  rustiea  (1895): 
Chaucer's  Prologue,  Rnightes  Tale  and  Xoimex 
Preestes  Tale({(,W\),  and  Shakspere's  Works  in 
Elizabethan  English,  with  a  new  critical  text  (40 
vols..  1901.  et  seq.) 

LIEBER,  Francis,  publicist,  was  born  in  Ber 
lin,  Germany,  March  18.  1NOO  ;  son  of  Frederic 
William  Lieber,  an  ironmonger  who  resided  in 
Breite  Strasse.  In  1*15  he  served  in  the  Prus 
sian  army,  participating  in  the  battles  oi'  Ligny, 
Waterloo  and  Namur, 
at  which  last  he  was 
severely  wounded. 
He  acquired  his  edu 
cation  at  the  Pepi- 
niere  in  Berlin,  the 
gymnasium  at  Has- 
enhaide,  at  the  Uni- 
A'ersity  of  Jena  where 
lie  was  graduated  in 
1820,  at  Halle,  and  at 
Dresden.  He  took 
part  in  the  revolution 
in  Greece  in  1821. 
He  was  repeatedly 
persecuted  by  the 
Prussian  authorities 

on  account  of  his  liberal  political  views,  and 
was  twice  imprisoned.  Finally,  on  May  17, 
1826,  he  fled  to  England  where  he  supported 
himself  by  giving  private  instruction  and  by 
contributing  to  German  papers.  He  applied 
for  the  chair  of  German  in  the  London  university. 
but  while  waiting  fora  settlement  lie  received  an 
appointment  as  gymnasium  instructor  in  Boston, 
Mass.,  which  he  accepted  and  in  June,  1827,  took 
charge  of  the  gymnasium,  succeeding  Dr.  Charles 
Follen.  He  was  married,  Sept.  21,  1829,  to  Ma 
tilda  Oppenheimer,  of  London,  England,  and  re 
sided  in  Philadelphia,  1833-35.  He  was  commis- 


LIEBER 


LIGHTBURN 


sioned   to   draw   up  the   constitution   of   Girard       major  and   judge   advocate,  Nov.   13,  1802;  was 


college  in  1834.  He  was  professor  of  history, 
philosophy  and  public  economy  in  South  Carolina 
college  at  Columbia,  1835-50  ;  professor  of  his 
tory  and  political  science  at  Columbia  college, 
New  York,  1857-05.  and  of  constitutional  history 
and  public  law,  1800-72.  He  was  appointed  super 
intendent  of  a  bureau  in  Washington  to  collect, 
arrange  and  preserve  the  records  of  the  Confed 
erate  government,  and  was  chosen  by  the  United 
States  and  Mexico  as  final  arbitrator  in  the  dis 
putes  between  the  two  countries  in  1870.  He 
received  the  honorary  degree  of  LL.D.  from 
Harvard  in  1850.  He  was  a  member  of  many 
learned  societies,  a  fellow  of  the  American  Acad 
emy  of  Arts  and  Sciences,  and  corresponding 
member  of  the  Massachusetts  Historical  society 
and  of  the  Institut  de  France.  He  is  the  author 
nt  translations  including  :  Feuerbach's  Life  of 
( '(ixjutr  Ha  user  ( 18:50) :  Beaumont  and  De  Tocque- 
ville's  Penitent  tin'!/  System  in  the  United  States 
(1833)  and  Dictionary  of  Latin  Synonyms  (1839); 
edited  the  Encyclopcedia  Americana  (13  vols., 
1S29-33);  published  several  poems,  including 
\\~ein  and  Wonne  Lieder  (1824)  and  The  West  and 
other  Poems  (1848).  He  also  wrote  The  German 
Anacharsix  (1823);  Instructions  for  the  Govern- 
iin'iit  of  the  Annies  of  the  United  States  in  the 
Field  (1803);  Letters  to  a  (fenUeman  in  Germany 
(1S34),  afterward  published  under  the  title  A 
Stranger  in  America  (2  vols.,  1835):  Reminiscences 
of  XiebnJir  (1835):  Man  mil  of  Political  Ethics 
(2  vols..  1838);  Legal  and  Political  Henneneiitics 
(1S35);  Essay  on  1'roperty  and  Labor  (1842); 
(.' i-t'<tt  Events  Described  by  Great  Historians (1847); 
Civil  Liberty  and  Self  Government  (2  vols..  1852); 
Essays  on  the  Subject  of  Penal  Laii'  and  the  Peni 
tentiary  System  (published  by  the  Philadelphia 
Prison  Discipline  society);  Abuse  of  Penitentiary 
Poire r  (published  by  the  legislature  of  New 
York);  Remarks  on  Mrs.  Fry's  Views  of  Solitary 
Confinement  and  a  Letter  on  the  Pardoning  Sys 
tem  (published  by  the  legislature  of  South  Caro 
lina),  besides  many  pamphlets  and  articles  on 
legislative,  judicial,  scientific  and  general  topics. 
He  died  in  New  York  city,  Oct.  2,  1872. 

LIEBER,  Quido  Norman,  soldier,  was  born  in 
Columbia,  S.C.,  May  21,  1837  ;  son  of  Francis  and 
Matilda  (Oppenheimer)  Lieber.  He  was  gradu 
ated  from  the  South  Carolina  college  in  1850  and 
from  the  Harvard  Law  school  in  1858.  He  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1800  and  practised  in  New 
York  city.  In  1801  he  was  commissioned  1st 
lieutenant  in  the  llth  infantry.  U.S.A.  :  was  ap 
pointed  regimental  adjutant  and  served  under 
McClellan  throughout  the  peninsular  campaign. 
He  was  brevetted  captain,  June  27.  1862,  for  gal 
lantry  in  action  at  Gaines's  Mill,  Va.  :  served  at 
Second  Bull  Run,  Aug.  27,  1862  ;  was  appointed 


brevetted  major,  May  28,  1864.  for  services  in  the 
Red  River  campaign,  and  lieutenant-colonel, 
March  13,  1865,  for  faithful  and  meritorious  serv 
ices  during  the  war.  He  was  married,  June  14, 
1800,  to  Bettie,  daughter  of  Gen.  Edmund 
Brooke  and  Amelia  (Hoffman)  Alexander.  He 
served  as  assistant  to  his  father  in  the  bureau  of 
Confederate  archives  and  was  judge  advocate  of 
various  military  departments  and  divisions.  He 
was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Military  Service 
Institution  in  New  York  ;  professor  of  law  in  the 
U.S.  Military  academy,  1878-82;  and  was  as 
signed  to  duty  in  the  bureau  of  military  justice 
in  1882.  He  was  appointed  assistant  judge- 
advocate-general  with  the  rank  of  colonel  July  8, 
1884,  and  judge-advocate-general  with  the  rank 
of  brigadier-general,  Jan.  3,  1895.  He  is  the 
author  of :  Remarks  on  the  Army  Regulations 
(1898);  The  Use  of  the  Army  in  Aid  of  the  Civil 
Power  (1898). 

LIEBER,  Oscar  Montgomery,  geologist,  wns 
born  in  Boston,  Mass.,  Sept.  8,  1830  ;  son  of 
Francis  and  Matilda  (Oppenheimer)  Lieber.  He 
was  educated  in  the  colleges  at  Berlin,  Gottin- 
gen.  and  Freiburg,  and  was  state  geologist  of 
Mississippi,  1850-51.  He  made  a  geological 
survey  of  Alabama,  1854-55,  and  was  mineral- 
ogical,  geological  and  agricultural  surveyor  of 
South  Carolina,  1850-60.  He  accompanied  the 
American  astronomical  expedition  to  Labrador 
as  geologist  in  1860,  and  in  1861  he  joined  the 
Confederate  army.  In  the  battle  of  Williams- 
burg  he  was  mortally  wounded.  Besides  the 
four  annual  reports  of  the  survey  of  South  Caro 
lina  (1857-60),  he  is  the  author  of  :  The  Assayers* 
Guide  (1862)  ;  The  Analytical  Chemists' Assistant 
translated  from  the  German  (1852),  and  various 
contributions  to  the  New  York  Mining  Magazine. 
He  died  in  Richmond,  Va..  June  27,  1802. 

LIGHTBURN,  Joseph  Andrew  Jackson,  sol 
dier,  was  born  in  Westmoreland  county,  Pa., 
Sept.  21,  1824  ;  son  of  Benjamin  and  Rebeckah 
(Fell)  Lightburn,  and  grandson  of  Benjamin 
and  Elizabeth  (Hayden)  Lightburn.  He  was  a 
delegate  from  Lewis  county.  Va.,  to  the  conven 
tion  to  reorganize  the  state  government  in  1801, 
and  recruited  the  4th  Virginia  Volunteer  infantry 
regiment  for  service  in  the  Federal  army,  and 
was  made  its  colonel,  Aug.  14,  1861.  He  was 
in  command  of  the  district  of  the  Kanawha. 
and  conducted  the  retreat  from  the  Kanawha 
valley  in  September,  1862  ;  was  promoted  brig 
adier-general,  U.S.  volunteers,  March  16,  1803. 
and  participated  in  the  Vicksburg  campaign  and 
in  the  battle  of  Chattanooga,  Nov.  23-25,  1803. 
He  was  with  Sherman's  army  in  the  march  lo 
Atlanta,  and  commanded  the  2d  brigade,  2d  divi 
sion,  15th  army  corps.  Army  of  the  Tennessee, 


[01] 


LIGON 


LINCECUM 


and  supported  Generals  Smith  and  Wood  at  the 
capture  of  the  heights  of  Reseca,  May  14,  1864. 
When  Logan  succeeded  McPherson  in  the  com 
mand  of  the  Army  of  the  Tennessee,  Lightburn 
assumed  command  of  the  2d  division,  and  upon 
Hood's  attack  upon  the  15th  corps,  July  22,  1864, 
the  line  having  been  weakened  by  a  previous 
attack,  the  Confederates  succeeded  by  a  flank 
movement  in  driving  back  a  portion  of  Light- 
burn's  troops,  and  causing  the  whole  division  to 
break  in  confusion.  Lightburn  reformed  the  divi 
sion,  and  with  the  assistance  of  Wood's  division 
and  one  brigade  of  the  16th  corps,  recaptured  the 
guns.  During  the  Atlanta  campaign  he  was 
severely  wounded  in  the  head,  and  after  his  re 
covery  he  led  a  brigade  in  the  Shenandoah  valley. 
He  resigned  his  commission  in  the  army.  June 
22,  1865,  and  was  a  representative  in  the  West 
Virginia  state  legislature,  1866-07.  In  1 869  he  was 
ordained  to  the  Baptist  ministry,  and  became 
pastor  at  Mt.  Lebanon  Baptist  church,  Harrison 
county,  W.  Va.  He  engaged  in  the  active  work 
of  the  ministry  until  January,  1901. 

LIQON,  Thomas  Watkins,  governor  of  Mary 
land,  was  born  in  Prince  Edward  county,  Va.,  in 
1812  ;  son  of  Thomas  D.  Ligon  and  grandson  of 
Col.  Thomas  Watkins,  a  hero  of  the  battle  of 
Guilford,  March  15, 1781.  He  attended  Hampden- 
Sidney  college,  the  University  of  Virginia,  and 
Yale  Law  school.  He  practised  law  in  Baltimore, 
Md.,  1835-5;},  residing  near  Ellicott  City.  He 
was  a  representative  in  the  29th  and  30th  con 
gresses,  1845-19,  and  governor  of  Maryland,  1854- 
58.  lie  was  president  of  Patapsco  Female  Insti 
tute,  and  an  officer  in  several  charitable  institu 
tions  in  Baltimore  and  vicinity.  He  died  near 
Ellicott  City,  Md.,  Jan.  12.  1881. 

LILL1E,  John,  biblical  scholar,  was  born  in 
Kelso.  Scotland,  Dec.  16,  1812  ;  son  of  Thomas 
Lillie,  merchant.  He  was  graduated  with  first 
honors  from  the  University  of  Edinburgh  in  1831, 
studied  theology  in  the  divinity  hall  and  taught 
school  in  Edinburgh  until  1834,  when  he  immi 
grated  to  the  United  States.  He  completed  his 
course  in  theology  at  the  New  Brunswick  sem 
inary,  New  Jersey.  He  was  licensed  to  preach  by 
the  classis  of  New  York,  July  21,  1835,  and  was 
ordained  and  installed  minister  in  the  Reformed 
Dutch  church,  Feb.  1,  1836.  He  was  pastor  of  the 
Reformed  Dutch  church,  Kingston,  N.Y.,  1836- 
41  ;  president  of  the  grammar  school  of  the  Uni 
versity  of  the  City  of  New  York,  1841-43  ;  pastor  of 
the  Broadway,  afterward  Staunton  Street  Re 
formed  Dutch  church,  in  New  York  city,  1843-52, 
and  edited  the  Jewish  Chronicle,  published  for 
distribution  in  the  missions  among  the  Jews, 
1844-48.  He  was  recognized  as  one  of  the  best 
biblical  scholars  in  the  United  States,  and  was 
engaged  upon  the  Revised  Version  prepared  bv 


the  American  Bible  Union,  1851-57.  He  was 
pastor  of  the  Presbyterian  church  at  Kingston, 
N.Y..  1857-67.  He  received  the  degree  of  D.D. 
from  the  University  of  Edinburgh  in  1855.  He 
translated  with  additions  Auberlen  and  Riggen- 
bach  upon  Thessalonians.  in  the  Lange  series 
(1868),  and  is  the  author  of  Perpetuity  of  tlte 
Earth  (1842);  Lectures  on  the  Enisles  to  tlte 
Thessalonians  (1860).  His  Lectures  on  the  First 
and  Second  Epistles  of  Peter,  irith  a  Biographical 
Sketch  by  Dr.  Schaff  and  James  Inylis,  were 
published  posthumously  (1869.)  He  died  at 
Kingston,  N.Y.,  Feb.  23,  1867. 

LILLINQTON,  John  Alexander,  soldier,  was 
born  in  Barbadoes,  W.  I.,  about  1725  ;  son  of  Col. 
George  Lillington  of  the  British  army,  and  a 
member  of  the  royal  council  of  Barbadoes  in  1698, 
and  grandson  of  Alexander  Lillington  who  was 
governor  of  Carolina  under  the  lords  proprietors, 
1691-94.  John  came  to  North  Carolina  with  his 
father  in  1734,  after  the  government  had  passed 
to  the  crown  ;  resided  in  the  Albemarle  district 
and  became  identified  with  the  movement  de 
manding  representation  in  the  affairs  of  govern 
ment.  In  August,  1775,  he  received  the  appoint 
ment  of  colonel  of  militia  for  the  Wilmington 
district  from  the  provincial  congress  of  North 
Carolina.  He  commanded  in  the  battle  of 
Moores  Creek  Bridge,  Feb.  27,  1776,  until  the 
arrival  of  Col.  Richard  Case  well,  when  he  became 
second  in  command,  and  they  succeeded  in  cap 
turing  1000  Scotch  loyalists.  This  was  the  first 
victory  won  by  the  American  troops  in  the 
Revolution.  He  was  promoted  colonel  of  the  6th 
North  Carolina  regiment,  Continental  army,  April 
4,  1776,  and  became  brigadier-general  under  Gen 
eral  Gates  in  1780.  He  died  probably  at  "Lil 
lington  Hall,"  Bladen  county,  N.C.,  in  1786. 

LINCECUM,  Gideon,  naturalist,  was  born  in 
Hancock  county,  Ga.,  April  22,  1793.  He  acquir 
ed  an  education  through  home  study,  served  in 
the  Georgia  militia  in  the  war  of  1812  and  became 
a  practising  physician  in  Lowndes  county.  Miss., 
in  1815.  In  1856  he  removed  to  Texas  and  spent 
1868-72  in  Tuxpan,  Mexico.  He  became  the 
friend  and  correspondent  of  Darwin,  Humboldt, 
Agassiz  and  other  eminent  naturalists.  He  pub 
lished  papers  through  the  Smithsonian  Institu 
tion,  the  Franklin  Institute  and  the  Essex  Insti 
tute,  among  them  being  a  monograph  on  the  red 
ant,  the  result  of  fourteen  years'  study.  The 
Jardin  des  Plantes  in  Paris  contains  his  collection 
of  Texan  flora  and  the  Essex  Institute,  at  Salem, 
Mass.,  his  collection  of  forty-eight  families  of 
ants  and  butterflies.  He  is  the  author  of  several 
unpublished  works,  including  an  autobiography  ; 
The  Medical  History  of  the  Southern  Un  ited  States 
and  The  Traditions  of  Ihe  C'liochrii'  Indians.  He 
died  in  Brenham,  Texas,  Nov.  28,  1874. 


[02] 


LINCOLN 


LINCOLN 


LINCOLN,  Abraham,  sixteenth  president  of 
the  United  States,  was  born  in  a  log  cabin  on  the 
Big  South  Fork  of  Nolin  Creek,  three  miles  from 
Hodgensville,  LaRue  county,  Ky.,  Feb.  12,  1809; 
eldest  son  and  second  child  of  Thomas  and  Nancy 
(Hanks)  Lincoln  ;  grandson  of  Abraham  and  Mary 


IAI      WHKH 
ABRAHAM     UIM<OLA| 
BOKAI 


(Shipley)  Lincoln  ;  great-grandson  of  John  Lin 
coln,  who  emigrated  from  New  Jersey  to  Penn 
sylvania  and  thence  to  the  wilds  of  western  Vir 
ginia  about  17.~>8;  great2-grandson  of  Mordecai 
and  Hannah  Bowne  (Slater)  Lincoln,  this  Mordecai 
removing  from  Scituate,  Mass.,  in  1714  to  Mon- 
mouth  county.  N.J.,  and  thence  to  Pennsylvania  ; 
great'-grandson  of  Mordecai  and  Sarah  (Jones) 
Lincoln,  this  Mordecai  removing  from  Hingham 
to  Scituate,  Mass.,  about  1704,  where  lie  set  tip  a 
furnace  for  smelting  iron  ore  ;  and  great-grand 
son  of  Samuel  Lincoln,  born  in  Norfolk  county, 
England,  in  1620.  who  immigrated  to  Salem, 
Mass.,  in  1637  and  in  1640  joined  his  brother 
Thomas,  who  had  settled  in  Hingham,  Mass. 
The  Lincolns  were  evidently  men  of  considerable 
wealth  and  of  good  social  position.  Thomas  Lin 
coln,  father  of  the  President,  inherited  some 
property  but  was  an  improvident  man,  by  trade 
a  carpenter  and  accustomed  to  seek  work  from 
place  to  place.  In  the  autumn  of  1816  he  removed 
to  Indiana  where  his  wife  died  Oct.  5,  1816,  and  he 
returned  to  Kentucky  and  was  married  secondly 
to  Sarah  (Bush)  Johnston,  an  intelligent  and 
industrious  widow.  Abraham's  attendance  at 
school  occupied  hardly  one  year,  but  he  improved 
every  opportunity  for  acquiring  knowledge.  His 
only  books  were  the  Bible,  "  ^Esop?s  Fables." 
"Robinson  Crusoe",  "The  Pilgrim's  Progress," 
"Weems's  "  Life  of  Washington  "  and  a  history  of 
the  United  States.  During  his  boyhood  and  youth 
he  acquired  a  local  reputation  as  a  wit.  He  was 
also  a  successful  backwoods  orator,  speaking 
whenever  opportunity  offered  on  temperance, 
national  politics  and  other  topics.  The  Lincoln 
family  removed  to  Sangamon  county,  Illinois, 
where  Abraham  assisted  his  father  in  building  a 
cabin  in  the  forest.  He  obtained  employment  as 
a  farm  hand,  and  in  the  spring  of  1832  on  the  out 
break  of  the  Black  Hawk  war  he  was  elected  cap 


tain  of  a  company  of  volunteers.  On  the  expira 
tion  of  his  term  of  service  he  re-enlisted  as  a 
private  and  served  until  mustered  out  in  June, 
1832.  In  March,  1832,  lie  had  announced  himself 
a  candidate  for  representative  in  the  state  legis 
lature  and  on  his  return  from  the  war  he  began 
his  electioneering.  He  was  not  elected,  standing 
third  on  a  list  of  eight  contestants,  but  out  of 
the  208  votes  cast  in  Sangamon  county  he  re 
ceived  205.  He  then  engaged  in  the  grocery 
business  at  New  Salem  as  junior  partner  of  the 
firm  of  Berry  &  Lincoln,  but  this  venture  ended 
disastrously  within  a  year,  and  he  was  responsible 
for  the  indebtedness  of  the  firm  which  he  dis 
charged  after  many  years.  He  was  postmaster 
at  New  Salem  in  1833  ;  was  elected  deputy  sur 
veyor  of  Sangamon  county  in  January,  1834  :  was 
;,  Whig  representative  in  the  state  legislature, 
1834-42,  and  was  instrumental  in  removing  the 
state  capital  from  Vandalia  to  Springfield.  He 
studied  law,  and  in  March,  1837,  was  admitted 
to  the  bar.  He  settled  in  Springfield  and  formed 
a  partnership  with  John  S.  Stuart.  He  was  a 
candidate  on  the  Whig  electoral  ticket  in  1 S40  and 
stumped  the  state  for  Harrison  and  Tyler.  He 
was  married  Nov.  4,  1842,  to  Mary  Todd.  a  native 
of  Lexington,  Ky.,  who  was  residing  in  Spring 
field  with  her  sister,  Mrs.  Ninian  W.  Edwards. 
His  partnership  with  Mr.  Stuart  was  dissolved  in 
1841,  and  a  new  partnership  was  formed  with 
Stephen  T.  Logan,  which  continued  until  1843, 
when  a  connection  with  William  H.  Herndon 
was  formed.  This  rirm,  of  which  Mr.  Lincoln  was 
senior  partner,  was  dissolved  by  Mr.  Lincoln's 
death.  He  was 
a  candidate  on 
the  Whig  presi 
dential  electoral 
ticket  in  1844  and 
spoke  through 
out  Illinois  and 
a  part  of  Indiana 
for  Clay  and  Fre- 
linghuysen.  He 
as  a  representa 
tive  in  the  30th  congress,  1847-49.  having  been 
elected  in  1846  over  Peter  Cartwright,  the  Demo 
cratic  candidate.  He  canvassed  the  state  for  Tay 
lor  and  Fillmore  during  the  spring  of  1848,  and 
after  the  adjournment  of  congress.  Aug.  14,  1848, 
he  spoke  in  New  England.  While  in  congress  he 
oppo*ed  the  extension  of  slavery,  voting  for  the 
Wilmot  proviso.  He  also  drew  up  a  bill  prohibiting 
the  bringing  of  slaves  into  the  District  of  Colum 
bia,  the  bill  containing  other  restrictions,  the  meas 
ure  to  be  decided  by  popular  vote  in  the  district: 
and  his  bill  received  some  support.  After  leaving 
congress  he  tried  unsuccessfully  to  obtain  the  ap 
pointment  of  commissioner  of  the  general  land 


JS    SPRIAJSDELP 


LINCOLN 


LINCOLN 


office  and  declined  the  appointment  of  governor 
of  the  newly  organized  Territory  of  Oregon.  He 
was  a  representative  in  the  state  legislature  in 
the  winter  of  1854,  but  resigned  in  order  to  be 
come  a  candidate  before  the  legislature  for  the 
U.S.  senate.  In  the  Whig  caucus  in  February, 
IS.").-),  he  received  4.1  votes  on  the  first  ballot 
against  41  for  James  Shields,  the  next  candidate, 
but  on  the  tenth  ballot  Lyiiian  Trumbull  was 
nominated.  On  the  organization  of  the  Repub 
lican  party  in  1854  Lincoln  became  prominently 
identified  with  it  and  during  the  Republican  na 
tional  convention  at  Philadelphia,  June  17,  1856, 
which  nominated  Fremont  and  Dayton,  he  re 
ceived  110  votes  as  candidate  for  Vice-President. 
During  the  campaign  lie  made  over  fifty  speeches 
and  became  prominent  as  a  leader  of  the  new 
party.  In  1858  he  was  the  Republican  nominee 
for  U.S.  senator  to  succeed  Stephen  A.  Douglas, 
ami  on  July  24  he  challenge  Douglas  to  a  series 
of  joint  debates.  The  occasion  of  these  encoun 
ters  became  historical.  The  election  resulted  in 
a  victory  for  Douglas.  Lincoln  afterward  spoke  at 
Columbus  and  at  Cincinnati.  Ohio,  and  on  Feb. 
21.  1860,  he  spoke  in  New  York  city,  being  intro 
duced  by  William  Cullen  Bryant  as  "an  eminent 
citizen  from  the  west,  hitherto  known  to  you  only 
l>y  reputation."  He  then  delivered  speeches  in 
Massachusetts,  Rhode  Island,  New  Hampshire 
and  Connecticut.  His  entire  argument  was 
based  on  the  question,  lils  slavery  right  or 
wrong?"  After  the  debates  with  Douglas  in 
1858  Lincoln  was  urged  to  seek  the  nomination 
for  President,  but  lie  repeatedly  discouraged  the 
suggestion.  He  reconsidered  the  matter,  how 
ever,  in  1859-60.  and  consented  to  baa  candidate, 
and  the  Republican  state  convention  of  Illinois 
instructed  their  delegates  to  vote  for  him. 
On  May  16,  1860.  the  Republican  national  con 
vention  met  at  Chicago,  where  the  chief  candi 
dates  were  William  H.  Seward,  Abraham  Lin 
coln.  Salmon  P.  Chase.  Simon  Cameron,  Edward 
Bates  and  William  L.  Dayton.  Seward  led  in  the 
first  two  ballots,  Lincoln  standing  second.  On 
the  third  ballot  Lincoln  had  23H  votes  to  Sew- 
ard's  180,  235  votes  being  necessary  for  nomina- 
ton,  and  before  the  count  was  announced  four 
votes  were  transferred  to  Lincoln  by  a  delegate 
from  Ohio.  Other  delegates  followed  his  exam 
ple  and  Lincoln  received  354  votes  out  of  a  possi 
ble  4f>5,  the  nomination  being  made  unanimous 
on  the  motion  of  William  M.  Evarts.  Hanni 
bal  Hamlin  of  Maine  was  nominated  for  Vice- 
President.  Stephen  A.  Douglas  was  nominated 
by  a  wing  of  the  Democratic  party  with  Ilerschel 
V.  Johnson  for  Vice-President,  at  Baltimore, 
June  18,  I860.  After  a  spirited  campaign  Lincoln 
was  elected.  Nov.  (i.  1.%().  the  popular  vote  stand 
ing  1,866,352  for  Lincoln  and  Hamlin,  1.375,157 


for  Douglas  and  Johnson,  847.063  for  Breckin- 
ridge  and  Lane,  589,581  for  Bell  and  Everett,  and 
the  electoral  vote  was  180  for  Lincoln,  12  for 
Douglas,  12  for  Breckinridge  and  39  for  Bell.  A 
constitution  for  the  provisional  government  of 
the  Confederate  States  of  America  was  adopted 
at  Montgomery,  Ala.,  Feb.  8,  1861,  by  deputies 
from  Alabama,  Florida,  Georgia,  Lousiana, 
Mississippi  and  South  Carolina.  On  Feb.  9,  1861, 
Jefferson  Davis  was  elected  President,  and 
Alexander  II.  Stevens  Vice-President,  and  all 
U.S.  property  within  the  limits  of  the  Confeder 
acy  was  declared  confiscate.  Major  Anderson, 
with  his  small  force  in  Fort  Moultrie,  on  the  west 
end  of  Sullivan's  Island  at  the  entrance  of 
Charleston  harbor,  finding  the  determination  of 
the  South  Carolina  government  to  possess  them 
selves  of  the  U.S.  government  property,  evacuated 
the  fort  on  Dec.  26.  1860,  and  raised  the  flag  over 
Fort  Sumter,  constructed  on  a  made  island  mid 
way  between  Forts  Moultrie  and  Johnson,  and 
there  awaited  reinforcements  from  the  national 
government.  The  South  Carolina  insurgents 
took  possession  of  all  the  other  forts  in  the  harbor 
and  manned  them,  at  the  same  time  building  a 
large  floating  ironclad  battery.  After  a  journey  to 
Washington,  attended  with  considerable  per 
sonal  danger,  Mr.  Lincoln  was  inaugurated  March 


THE     WHITE     HOUSE  ,—  184-9  -1866. 

4.  1861,  and  in  his  inaugural  address  he  declared 
the  union  of  the  states  to  be  perpetual,  secession 
to  be  illegal,  and  his  purpose  "  to  hold,  occupy  and 
possess  the  property  and  places  belonging  to  the 
government  and  to  collect  the  duties  and  im 
posts."  He  also  declared  that  the  position  of  the 
Republican  party  regarding  slavery  was  to 
prevent  its  extension,  but  not  to  interfere  with 
the  institution  in  states  where  it  already  lawfully 
existed.  On  April  12,  1861,  the  Confederates 
opened  fire  on  Fort  Sumter  and  continued  the 
bombardment  until  the  fort  was  rendered  un 
tenable,  and  as  the  reinforcements  and  provisions 
sent  by  the  Slur  of  t/ie  HV.s-f,  which  reached 
the  harbor  Jan.  9,  1861,  failed  to  reach  the  fort, 
Major  Anderson  had  no  choice  but  to  surrender, 
which  he  did  April  13,  1861,  and  he  evacuated  the 
fort  April  14.  This  action  on  the  part  of  the 
South  aroused  great  consternation  in  the  North  and 
political  differences  were  largely  forgotten  in  the 
desire  to  preserve  the  Union.  On  April  15.  1861.  the 


LINCOLN 


LINCOLN 


President  called  for  75,000  three-months  volunteers 
and  summoned  congress  to  assemble  in  extra  ses 
sion  on  July  4,  1861.  On  April  17,  1861,  President 
Davis  also  called  for  32.000  volunteers  and  offered 
"  letters  of  marque  and  reprisal  to  owners  of 
private  armed  vessels"  to  depredate  upon  U.S. 
commerce  ;  on  the  same  day  Virginia  seceded. 
and  on  April  19  President  Lincoln  proclaimed  a 
blockade  of  the  Confederate  ports,  which  then 
included  South  Carolina,  Georgia,  Florida, 
Alabama,  Mississippi  and  Louisana,  and  to  which 
was  added  North  Carolina  and  Virginia  April 
19,  and  the  same  day  the  Massachusetts  troops 
•were  attacked  by  a  mob  in  the  streets  of  Balti 
more  and  one  soldier  was  killed.  On  May  3.  1S61, 
President  Lincoln  called  for  volunteers  for  three 
years  ;  ordered  the  regular  army  increased,  and 
directed  the  enlistment  of  additional  seamen.  On 
March  5,  18(51,  the  President  had  sent  in  his 
nominations  for  his  cabinet,  all  of  which  had 
been  confirmed.  William  H.  Sewardof  New  York 
was  named  as  secretary  of  state  :  Salmon  P. 
Cliase  of  Ohio  secretary  of  the  treasury  ;  Si 
mon  Cameron  of  Pennsylvania  secretary  of 
war;  Cidron  Welles  of  Connecticut  secretary 
of  the  navy  ;  Caleb  B.  Smith  of  Indiana  secre 
tary  of  the  interior  ;  Edward  Bates  of  Missouri 
attorney -general  ;  Montgomery  Blair  of  New 
York  postmaster-general.  The  following  changes 
were  made  in  the  cabinet :  Secretary  Cameron 
resigned  his  portfolio  to  accept  the  position  of  U. 
S.  minister  to  Russia,  Jan.  11,  1862,  and  the  port 
folio  of  war  was  accepted  by  Edwin  M.  Stanton 
of  Pennsylvania,  Jan.  15, 1862  ;  W.  P.  Fessendenof 
Maine  was  appointed  secretary  of  the  treasury, 
July  1,  1864.  to  succeed  Salmon  P.  Chase,  made 
-chief  justice  of  the  U.S.  supreme  court,  and  he 
resigned  to  take  a  seat  in  the  U.S.  senate,  and 
was  succeeded  March  7,  1865,  by  Hugh  McCulloch 
of  Indiana  ;  John  P.  Usher  of  Indiana  was  ap 
pointed  secretary  of  the  interior.  Jan.  8,  1863,  to 
succeed  Caleb  B.  Smith,  appointed  U.S.  circuit 
judge  of  Indiana  ;  James  Speed  of  Kentucky 
was  appointed  attorney-general  Dec.  2,  1864,  to 
succeed  Edward  Bates,  resigned  :  and  William 
Dennison  of  Ohio  was  appointed  postmaster- 
general  to  succeed  Montgomery  Blair,  who 
resigned  at  the  request  of  the  President.  During 
Lincoln's  administrations  he  made  the  following 
diplomatic  appointments  :  minister  to  Great 
Britain,  Charles  Francis  Adams  of  Massachu 
setts  ;  minister  to  France,  William  II.  Dayton  of 
New  Jersey,  who  was  succeeded  at  his  death  in 
1864  by  John  Bigelow  of  New  York  ;  minister  to 
Austria,  Anson  Burlingame  of  Massachusetts, 
who  was  not  received  by  that  government  on 
account  of  his  political  opinions,  and  was  suc 
ceeded  by  John  Lothrop  Motley  of  Massachusetts  ; 
minister  to  Russia,  Cassius  M.  Clay  of  Kentucky, 


[<*] 


who  was  succeeded  by  Simon  Cameron  of  Penn 
sylvania  in  1862  ;  minister  to  Italy,  George  P. 
Marsh  of  Vermont  ;  and  minister  to  Spain,  Carl 
Schurzof  Wisconsin,  1861-62.  who  was  succeeded 
by  Gustavus  Werner  of  Illinois,  1862-64,  and  H.  J. 
Perry  of  New  Hamp 
shire,  who  served  as 
charge  d'affaires  un 
til  the  appointment 
of  John  P.  Hale  of 
New  Hampshire  in 
1865.  The  President's 
message  delivered  be-' 
fore  both  houses  of 
congress  July  4  1861, 
went  far  toward  re 
assuring  the  people, 
a  large  number  of 
whom  were  not  with 
out  uneasiness  as  to 
the  ability  of  the 
President  to  meet  the 
crisis.  He  briefly  stated  the  condition  of  af 
fairs,  announced  his  intention  of  standing  by 
the  statements  made  in  his  inaugural  address, 
and  asked  that  congress  would  place  at  the 
control  of  the  government  at  least  400,000 
men  and  $400,000.000.  To  his  request  congress 
promptly  complied  and  voted  500,000  men  and 
$500.000,000.  The  early  operations  of  the  Confed 
erate  and  Federal  armies  were  confined  to  Vir 
ginia  and  Missouri.  The  first  issue  at  arms 
between  the  two  forces  was  at  Philippi,  Va.,  June 
3,  1861,  in  which  the  Confederates  were  defeated 
by  the  Federal  army  under  Gen.  G.  B.  McClellan. 
This  was  followed  by  the  Confederate  victory  at 
Big  Bethel,  Va..  June  10,  1861,  and  by  the  Federal 
victories  at  Romney,  Va.,  June  11,  1861,  and  at 
Boonville,  Mo.,  June  17,  1861  ;  the  Confederate 
victory  at  Carthage,  Mo.,  July  5,  1861,  and 
their  defeat  at  Rich  Mountain,  Va.,  July  11, 
1861.  On  July  20  the  President  summoned  Gen. 
George  B.  McClellan  from  western  Virginia  to 
Washington,  and  on  his  arrival  in  August,  1861, 
assigned  him  to  the  command  of  the  Army  of  the 
Potomac.  On  July  3,  1861,  the  President  created 
the  department  of  the  west,  placing  it  under 
command  of  Gen.  John  C.  Fremont.  On  Aug. 
31,  1861,  Fremont  issued  a  proclamation  announc 
ing  that  he  would  emancipate  all  slaves  of  those 
in  arms  against  the  United  States.  The  Presi 
dent  considered  this  premature  and  asked  Fre 
mont  to  withdraw  the  proclamation,  which  he 
declined  to  do,  and  the  President  annulled  it  in  a 
public,  order,  and  on  Nov.  21,  1861,  Fremont  was 
relieved  of  his  command  just  as  he  had  overtaken 
the  Confederate  forces  at  Springfield,  Mo.  The 
battle  of  Bull  Run,  Va.,  July  21,  1861,  resulted  in 
a  Federal  defeat  ;  the  battle  of  Dug  Spring.  Mo., 


LINCOLN 


LINCOLN 


Aug.    2,    1801,   in   a    Federal    victory;    Wilson's 
Creek,  Mo.,   Aug.  10,  1801,  in  a  Federal   defeat; 
Hattaras   Inlet,   N.C.,  Aug.  28-29,   in  a   Federal 
victory,  and  Ball's  Bluff,  Oct.  21,  in  a  Federal  de 
feat.     On  the  retirement  of  Gen.  Wintield  Scott, 
Oct.  31.   1801.  General  McClellan  succeeded   him 
asgeneral-in-chief  of  all  the  armies  of  the  United 
States.     The  year  closed  with  the  capture  of  Port 
Royal,  S.C..  Nov.  7,  1801.  and  on  the  same  date 
the  indecisive  battle  of   Belmont,  Mo.,   between 
Generals    Grant    and    Polk.     On    Nov.   8,    1801, 
Captain  Wilkes,  in  command  of  the  U.S.  steamer 
Sun  Jacinto  took  from  the  English  mail  steamer 
Trent  the  Confederate  commissioners  James  M. 
Mason  and    John  Slidell,    and  the  President,  by 
the  advice  of  Secretary  Seward  and  other   mem 
bers  of  his  cabinet,  but  against  the   earnest   re- 
monstration  of  the  people  as  voiced  in  the  Repub 
lican  newspapers,  apologized  to  the  English  gov 
ernment  for  the  act,  and  the  commissioners  were 
surrendered  to  Great   Britain   to   prevent  diplo 
matic  difficulties  with  that  nation.    The  President 
issued  his  "General  War  Order  No.  1,'' Jan.  27, 
1802.  in  which  lie  directed  "  that  the  22d  day  of 
February,  1802,  be  the  day  for  a  general   move 
ment  of  the  land  and  naval  forces  of  the  United 
States  against  the  insurgent  forces."  and  while  it 
was   not    found   practicable   to   carry  his    order 
through,    it   quieted   the    tumult  in    the   north, 
where  there  was  an.  almost  universal  demand  that 
the  Federal  army  should  proceed  at  once  to  cap 
ture  the  Confederate  capital,  making  the  battle 
cry  "  On  to  Richmond. "     The  campaign  of  1802 
opened   with   the    victory   at  Mill  Springs,  Ky., 
by   the    Federal  forces    under  Gen.    George   H. 
Thomas,    Jan.   19  and   20,  and    on  Feb.  0.    1802, 
Fort   Henry,   Tenu..  surrendered   to  Flag-Officer 
Foote.     General  Burnside,  who  had  been   placed 
in  command  of  the  department  of  North  Carolina 
Jan.  7.  1X02.  won  a  Federal  victory  at   Roanoke 
Island,  N.C.,  Feb.  8,    1862,    and    Fort    Donelson, 
Tenn.,    surrendered    to   General    Grant  Feb.    10, 
1802.     These  Union  victories  were  repeated  in  the 
battles   of   Pea  Ridge,   Ark.,  by  Gen.  Samuel  R. 
Curtis,  March  0-8,   1802.  and  the    battle  of  New- 
Madrid,  Mo.,  by  Gen.  John  Pope,  March  14.  1802. 
On  March  8,  1802.  the  Confederate  ram  Virginia 
(late  Merrimac)  wrought  havoc  with  the  Federal 
fleet  at  Hampton  Roads,  Va.,  and  was  herself  de 
feated  by    the  U.S.  iron-clad    Monitor,  March  9, 
1802.    The  Confederate  victory  at  Newbern,  N.C., 
March  14,  1802.  was  followed  by  the  Federal  vic 
tories  near   Winchester,  Va.,  March  23,  by   Gen. 
James  Shields  ;  at  Shiloh,  Tenn.,  by  Grant,  April 
0-7,  1802  ;  the  capture  of  Island  No.  10  with  0000 
men    by    Flag-Officer    Foote  and   General    Pope, 
April    7.  1.S02,  and  the   capture  of    Fort  Pulaski, 
Ga...    by    (Jen.    Quincy  A.   Gillmore,  April  10-12, 
1802.     On  April  24,  1802,  the  Federal  fleet  under 


Flag-Officer  Farragut  passed  Forts  Jackson  and 
St.  Philip,  and    on   April   25   New  Orleans   was 
captured.     On   May   5,    1802,  General   McClellan 
forced  the   Confederates  to   evacuate   Williams- 
burg,  Va.  ;  Gen.  John  E.  Wool  captured  Norfolk, 
Va..  May  10  ;  Hanover  court-house.  Va.,  was  cap 
tured  by  Gen.  Fitz-John  Porter,  May  27.  and  on 
the   same   day  General    Beaureguard   evacuated 
Corinth,  Miss.     In  a  series  of  battles  fought   on 
May  27,  May  31  and  June  1,  which  included  Seven 
Pines  and   Fair  Oaks,  McClellan  was   forced   to 
change  his  base  to  the  James  river,  as  Gen.  T.  J. 
Jackson    had    inarched    down    the    valley    and 
threatened    Washington,    which   prevented    the 
President  from   carrying    out    his   intention    of 
sending   McDowell    with   his  40.000    men    to    his 
support.     On  June  3.  1802,  Gen.    Robert  E.    Lee 
was  appointed  to  the  chief  command  of  the  Con 
federate  army,  and  on  June  20  he  engaged   Mc 
Clellan  at  Mechanicsville,  Va.     The  ensuing  seven 
days' battles,  ending  July  1,  resulted  in  McClellan 
being  ordered  to  evacuate  the  Peninsula  and  join 
Pope's  Army  of  Virginia.    The  Confederates  were 
again  victorious  at  Cedar  Mountain.  Aug.  0.  1802, 
in  the  battles  between  Manassas  and  Washington, 
D.C.,  under  Pope.  Aug.  20  to  Sept.  1.  1802.  and  in 
the  battle  of  Richmond.  Ky.,  under  Kirby  Smith, 
Aug.  30,  1802.     In   September,    1X03.   Lee    began 
his  invasion  of  Maryland  and  crossed  the  Potomac 
near  Point  of  Rocks.     The    President  asked   Mc 
Clellan   to  resume    the  command  of   the   Army 
of  the    Potomac.     On    Sept.     15.    1802.  Harper's 
Ferry  with  12,000  men  was  surrendered  to   Gen. 
Thomas  J   Jackson,  and  after  the  battle  of   An- 
tietam.    Md..  Sept.  10-17.  1802,  Lee   retreated   to 
ward  Richmond.     The  Federal  army  under  Rose- 
crans  were   victorious   at    luka.    Miss.,  Sept.    19 
and  at  Corinth,  Miss.,  Oct.  3-4.  1802.  and  the  Con 
federates  under  Bragg  made  an   unsuccessful  at 
tack  at  Perry ville.  Ky.,  Oct.  8.  18(52.     On  Nov.  5, 
1SI52.   (!en.  G.   B.    McClellan   was   removed    from 
command  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  and  Gen 
eral  Burnside  was  appointed  in    his  place.     The 
disasters  which  befell  the  army  did  not  end.  how 
ever,   witli   McClellan's  removal,  as    unexpected 
defeats  were  suffered  by  General  Burnside  at  Fred- 
ericksburg.  Va.,  witli  a  loss  of  12.000  men.  Dec. 
11-15,  1X02,  and  by  Gen.  Joseph   Hooker  at  Chan- 
cellorville,    Va..    May  1-5,   1X03,  and    no  positive 
gains  were  made  in  the  west.     Meantime  the  sub 
ject  of   the  emancipation  of  the   slaves  had   en 
gaged  the  President.     On   March  0.  1802,  he  sent 
to  congress  a  special  message  recommending  the 
adoption  of  a  joint  resolution  :    "  That  the  United 
States  ought  to  co-operate    with  and  aid   pecun 
iarily  any  state  adopting  gradual  abolishment  of 
slavery."     This  proposition  was  not  cordially  re 
ceived  by  the  border  states  and  made  evident  the 
fact   that   emancipation    was   not   desired.     The 


[66] 


LINCOLN 


LINCOLN 


bill  was  passed,  however,  and  on  March  10  the 
President  gathered  together  some  of  the  border 
state  members  and  tried  to  win  them  over  to  his 
views.  After  two  days'  consideration  the  project 
was  given  up.  On  April  2,  1862,  congress  passed, 
an  act  emancipating  the  slaves  in  the  District  of 
Columbia  ;  on  May  9,  1862,  General  Hunter  pro 
claimed  martial  law  in  Georgia,  Florida  ai.d 
South  Carolina,  declaring  the  slaves  free,  which 
order  the  President  at  once  revoked  as  unauthor 
ized  ;  on  June  19,  1862,  a  bill  passed  congress  pro 
hibiting  slavery  wherever  congress  had  authority, 
and  on  July  17,  1862,  a  measure  "  for  the  confis 
cation  of  the  property  of  rebels,  and  giving  free 
dom  to  the  persons  they  hold  in  slavery,"  after 
being  amended,  was  passed.  In  July,  1862, 
amendments  were  made  to  a  bill  concerning  the 
calling  forth  of  the  militia,  permitting  the  enlist 
ment  of  negroes  in  the  Union  army,  and  making 
thereafter  free  each  person  so  enlisted.  This  bill 
aroused  much  criticism  and  was  finally  modified 
so  as  to  relate  only  to  slaves  of  rebel  owners. 
On  Sept.  22,  1862,  the  President  issued  a  prelim 
inary  proclamation  that  unless  the  inhabitants  of 
the  revolted  states  returned  to  their  allegiance  by 
Jan.  1 ,  18613,  the  slaves  would  be  declared  free  ;  but 
this  proclamation  had  no  effect.  On  Jan.  1 ,  1863, 
the  President  issued  his  emancipation  proclama 
tion  in  which  he  stated  that  all  persons  held  as 
slaves  in  certain  states  and  parts  of  states  being 
then  in  rebellion  should  be  free  and  that  the  gov 
ernment  would  "  recognize  and  maintain  the  free 
dom  of  said  persons.''  General  Lee  invaded  Maiy- 
land  and  Pennsylvania,  in  June,  186;].  and  on 
July  13  the  battle  of  Gettysburg,  Pa.,  was  fought 
in  which  the  Federal  army  under  Gen.  George  G. 
Meade  defeated  the  Confederates  under  Lee  ;  on 
July  4.  1863,  Vicksburg  surrendered  to  General 
Grant,  and  on  July  8  Port  Hudson,  La.,  surren 
dered  to  the  Federals  under  General  Banks. 
Recruits  now  being  needed  in  numbers  far  above 
the  enlistments,  on  May  3,  1863,  congress  passed 
a  bill  Calling  every  able-bodied  citizen  of  military 
age  into  the  Federal  service,  a  commutation  of 
S300  for  exemption  being  permitted,  and  on 
the  failure  of  the  citizens  to  present  themselves 
for  enrolment,  the  President  ordered  a  draft. 
This  led  on  July  13  to  the  draft  riots  in  New 
York  city,  and  soon  after  the  bounty  system 
was  substituted.  On  July  16  Jackson,  Miss.,  was 
destroyed  by  General  Sherman,  and  in  Sep 
tember  Chattanooga,  Tenn.,  was  occupied  by 
the  Confederates  under  Gen.  George  B.  Crit- 
tenden.  The  battle  of  Chickamauga,  Ga.,  Sept. 
19-20,  1863,  resulted  in  a  victory  for  the  Con 
federate  General  Bragg,  and  a  Federal  loss  of 
16.000  men.  Bragg  was  defeated,  however,  at 
the  battles  of  Chattanooga  and  Lookout  Moun 
tain,  Nov.  33-20,  and  the  siege  of  Knoxville  was 


raised  by  Longstreet,  Dec.  4,  1863.     In  December, 

1863,  the  13th  amendment,  providing  that  slavery 
should  not  exist  within  the  United  States,  was 
introduced  into  the  house,  and  in  January,  1864, 
in  the  senate.     On   June  15,  1864,  the  vote  was 
taken  but  the  result  being  a  deficiency  of  27  votes 
the  question  was  laid  over  till  the  next  session.    On 
Jan.  28,  1865,  the  vote  was  retaken  and  resulted 
in  119  ayes  and  56  nays,  and  the  13th  amendment 
was  adopted.     A  motion  to  adjourn  in  honor  of 
the  event  was   made  and   carried,  and  a   great 
popular  demonstration  followed.     On  Feb.  1, 1864, 
the  President  and  Secretary  Seward  met  on  the 
River   Queen  a   commission    sent    by    President 
Davis  to  inquire  into  the  possible  adjustment  of 
affairs  between  the  North  and  South,  but  the  con 
ference  broke  up  without  finding  any  basis  for  an 
agreement.     The   campaign  of  1864  opened  with 
General  Sherman's  raid  from  Vicksburg,  Feb.  14, 

1864.  On  April   13,   Fort   Pillow   was   captured 
by  the  Confederates  and  the  Negro  troops  were 
massacred.     On    May    5-7,    the    battles    of    the 
Wilderness  occur  red  bet  ween  Grant  and  Lee,  and 
Lee   was   driven   back.     On   March    7   Sherman 
began   his   march   to   Atlanta  and  the  sea  with 
110,000  men,  and  on  March  10  Grant    attacked 
Lee  at  Spotsylvania  court  house  and  defeated  him. 
On  June  8,  1864,  Lincoln  was  unanimously  renom- 
inated  for  President,  with   Andrew  Johnson  as 
Vice-President,  and  he  was  elected  Nov.  8.  1864, 
receiving  2.216,067  popular  votes  against  1,808,725 
for    McClellan,  the   Democratic    nominee.     The 
electoral   vote   was  212  for   Lincoln  and   21  for 
McClellan.     At  the  battle  of  Cold  Harbor,  June 
1-3,  1864,  and    at  Petersburg,   Va.,  June  .16-18, 
1864,  General  Grant  was  repulsed  by  Lee,  but  he 
began    a  siege  of    Petersburg,    June    18.     Sher 
man  meanwhile  won  the  battle   of  Resaca,  Ga., 
May  13-15,   1864.  and  the  battle  of   Dallas.   Ga,, 
May    25-28,   but  at  Keuesaw  Mountain   lie   was 
repulsed  June   27,  1864.     On  July  22-28  the  bat 
tles  of  Atlanta  took  place,  in  which  Sherman  was 
victorious.     On  July  30  occurred  the    explosion 
of  the  Petersburg  crater   and  the  subsequent  re 
pulse  of  the  Federal  charge.     The  principal  naval 
operations  of   1864  were  the  sinking  of  the   C.S. 
steamer  Alabama  by  the  U.S.  steamer  Kearsarge, 
off  Cherbourg,  France,  and  the  battle  of  Mobile 
Bay,  in  which  the  Federal  fleet  under  Farragnt 
was  victorious.     Sherman  captured  Atlanta,  Ga., 
Sept.  2.  1864,  Savannah,  Ga.,  Dec.  22,  1864,  Colum 
bia,  S.C.,  Feb.   17,    1865,  and   Bentonville,  N.C., 
March  19,  1865.     General  Sheridan  won  the  bat 
tle  of   Winchester,   Va,,  Sept.   19,  and  the  battle 
of   Fisher's   Hill,    Va.,  Sept.  22,   1864.     President 
Lincoln   was     inaugurated    for    a   second   term 
March  4,  1865.  amid  popular  rejoicing.     On  April 
2     Grant  carried     the    outer  lines    of    the  Con 
federate  works  at    Petersburg,  and    on    April   3 

[671 


LINCOLN 


LINCOLN 


\ 


FORP'S    THEATRt 


Petersburg  and  Richmond  were  evacuated  by 
General  Lee,  who  surrendered  his  army  to  Gen 
eral  Grant  at  Appomattox  court  house.  Va.. 
April  9,  1863.  The  President  visited  General 
Grant  at  his  headquarters  at  City  Point  and  en 
tered  Richmond  shortly  after  the  evacuation. 

On  April  11.  18- 
65.  Washington 
was  illuminated 
in  honor  of  the 
surrender  of  Lee, 
and  on  the  even 
ing  of  April  14, 
1865,  the  Presi 
dent,  Mrs.  Lin 
coln,  Miss  Clara 
Harris  and  Ma 
jor  Rathbone  oc 
cupied  a  box  at 
Ford's  Theatre. 
Washington,  to 
witness  the  play 
•'  Our  Ameri 
can  Cousin."  At 
10.80  in  the 
evening  John 
Wilkes  Booth,  an  actor,  entered  the  box  from  the 
rear  of  the  stage  and  holding  a  pistol  to  the  Presi 
dent's  head,  fired.  The  President  fell  forward 
unconscious,  and  in  the  confusion  which  fol 
lowed  Booth  escaped  by  leaping  on  the  stage  but 
broke  his  leg  in  the  lea  p.  his  spur  being  entangled 
in  the  American  nag  that  draped  the  box.  The 
President  was  carried  to  a  house  opposite  the 
theatre  where,  on  the  morning  of  April  15.  186."). 
he  died.  On  April  19.  1*65.  the  funeral  took  place 
at  the  White  House.  The  body  was  laid  in  state 
at  the  "White  House,  and  was  there  viewed  by  a 
great  number  of  people.  It  was  guarded  by  a 
company  of  high  officers  of  the  army  and  navy. 
The  assassin  of  the  President  was  found  in 
a  barn  by  a  squadron  of  troops  April  27,  1865, 
and  was  shot  by  a  soldier  before  the  officer 
could  demand  his  surrender.  The  remains 
(T  the  President  lay  in  state  in  Baltimore, 
Harrisburg.  Philadelphia,  New  York,  Albany, 
Buffalo,  Cleveland  and  Chicago ;  and  at  each 
place  immense  funeral  processions  marched 
through  the  streets  and  the  whole  country  was  in 
mourning.  The  funeral  car  reached  Springfield, 
111.,  having  travelled  a  distance  of  nearly  2000 
miles,  and  the  body  was  buried  in  Oak  Ridge 
cemetery.  May  4,  1865.  A  monument  of  white 
marble  marks  the  spot.  Numerous  statues  of 
Lincoln  adorn  the  public  places  of  most  of  the 
larger  cities  of  the  United  States.  Henry  Kirke 
Brown  executed  the  one  in  Union  Square,  New 
York  city,  and  that  in  Brooklyn  ;  Thomas  Ball's 
Emancipation  group  appears  in  Lincoln  Park, 


Washington.  D.C..  and  in  Park  Square,  Boston; 
a  statue  by  Mrs.  Vinnie  Ream  Hoxie  is  in  Statuary 
Hall  in  the  national  capitol.  one  by  Augustus 
St.  Gaudens  in  Chicago,  and  one  by  Randolph 
Rogers  in  Fairmount  Park.  Philadelphia.  The 
honorary  de 
gree  of  LL.D. 
was  conferred 
on  Mr.  Lincoln 
by  Columbia  in 
Mil.  and  by 
the  College  of 
New  Jersey  in 
1864.  Portraits 
in  oil  were 
painted  from 
life  by  Frank 
B.  Carpenter, 
Matthew  Wil 
son.  Thomas 
Hicks  and  Wil 
liam  E.  Mar 
shall.  Mr.  Car 
penter  also 
painted  "The  »ou«  •«•  WHKH  LJNCOU*  oi«». 

Reading  of  the  Emancipation  Proclamation  "and 
wrote  :  "  Six  Months  in  the  White  House." 
After  his  death,  Healy,  Page  and  many  other 
painters  produced  excellent  portraits  after  his 
numerous  photographs.  A  large  collection  of 
his  photographs  was  reproduced  in  McClure's 
j\Tncjaziin>  with  an  illustrated  "  Life  "  and 
'"Early  Life  of  Abraham  Lincoln,"  by  Ida  M. 
Tarbell  (1895-96):  and  Volk  and  Mills  took  life 
masks  from  which  they  executed  busts.  Mr. 
Lincoln's  "Speech  at  Cooper  Union,  Feb.  27, 
1860."  was  issued  in  pamphlet  form  and  widely 
circulated,  and  selections  from  his  speeches  and 
messages  were  published  in  1865.  Joseph  H. 
Barrett,  J.  G.  Holland.  W.  M.  Tharer,  B.  F. 
Morris,  Henry  J.  Raymond,  Ward  H.  Lamon,  W. 
O.  Stoddard,  Isaac  N.  Arnold,  Harriet  Beecher 
Stowe,  D.  W.  Bartlett,  Charles  G.  Leland,  J.  C. 
Power,  Nicolay  and  Hay,  John  T.  Morse,  Carl 
Schurz,  William  D.  Howells,  Ida  M.  Tarbell  are 
the  more  prominent  of  his  numerous  biographers. 
In  the  selection  of  names  for  a  place  in  the  Hall 
of  Fame  for  Great  Americans,  New  York  uni 
versity,  made  in  1900,  his  was  one  of  the  thirty- 
seven  names  in  "  Class  M.  Rulers  and  States 
men,''  and  received  a  place,  securing  ninety-six 
votes,  equalling  the  votes  given  Daniel  Webster 
and  exceeded  only  by  the  ninety-seven  votes 
given  George  Washington.  President  Lincoln 
died  in  Washington.  D.C.,  April  15,  1865. 

LINCOLN,  Benjamin,  soldier,  was  born  in 
Hingham,  Mass.,  Jan.  24,  1733,  son  of  Col. 
Benjamin  Lincoln,  and  a  descendant  of  Thomas 
Lincoln,  one  of  the  iirst  settlers  of  Hingham, 


[68] 


LINCOLN 


LINCOLN 


1636.  Benjamin  received  u  limited  education, 
and  worked  on  his  lather's  farm  until  two  years 
after  his  father's  death,  which  occurred  in  1771. 
In  1755  lie  was  appointed  adjutant  of  his  father's 
regiment,  the  3d  Suffolk,  and  saw  service  in  the 
French  and  Indian  war.  He  held  the  offices  of 
magistrate,  of  representative  in  the  provincial  leg 
islature  and  of  colonel  of  militia.  He  also  served 
as  a  member  of  the  committee  of  correspondence 
and  as  secretary  of  the  several  provincial  con 
gresses.  He  engaged  in  raising  and  drilling  troops, 
1775-76  ;  was  appointed  major-general  of  state 
militia  in  1776  and  was  a  member  of  the  commit 
tee  to  prepare  instructions  for  the  representatives 
in  the  general  court.  In  June,  1776,  he  com 
manded  the  expedition  that  forced  the  British 
Tessels  to  leave  the  harbor,  and  he  reinforced 
Washington's  army  at  Harlem,  X.Y. ,  with  a  body 
•of  Massachusetts  militia.  He  took  part  in  the  bat 
tle  of  White  Plains,  N.Y..  and  the  attack  on  Fort 
Independence,  and  early  in  1777  he  reinforced 
Washington  at  Morristown,  X.J.  On  Feb.  19, 
1777,  he  was  commissioned  major-general  in 
tlie  Continental  army.  At  Bound  Brook,  N.J., 
April  13,  1777,  lie  was  surprised  by  a  large  force 
under  General  Cornwallis  but  rallied  his  demor 
alized  forces  and  retreated  with  them  to  the 
mountains  with  comparatively  small  loss.  In 
July,  1777,  he  reinforced  General  Schuyler  in  Al 
bany  and  he  destroyed  the  posts  at  Lake  George 
established  by  Burgoyne  and  opposed  his  advance. 
He  commanded  the  right  wing  of  Gates's  army 
nt  Stilhvater  and  the  American  works  at  Bemis's 
Heights.  On  Oct.  8  with  a  small  force  lie  recon 
noitred  in  the  rear  of  Burgoyne's  army,  and  was 
fired  upon  and  severely  wounded  in  the  leg. 
This  wound  disabled  him  for  a  year  and  lamed 
him  for  life.  In  August,  1778.  he  rejoined  the 
army,  and  on  Sept.  25.  1778,  he  was  appointed  by 
congress  commander-in-chief  of  the  South 
ern  Department. 
He  engaged  in 
'he  defence  of 
Charleston,  S.C. 
against  the  Brit- 
i  under  Gen 
ial  Prevost  in 
December,  1777, 
'  and  upon  the  ar- 
^ rival  of  Count 
d'Estaing  he  ar- 
**  ranged  a  co-op 
erative  attack  on 
Savannah  which 
his  French  allies  refused  £o  continue  and  he  re 
turned  to  Charleston,  where  in  February,  1780,  he 
was  besieged  by  Sir  Henry  Cli  nton  and  was  obliged 
to  capitulate  in  May,  17SO.  He  was  paroled  and 
retired  to  Massachusetts  in  November,  1780.  Upon 


:HAFM_ESTC 


his  exchange  in  the  spring  of  1781  he  joined  Wash 
ington,  accompanied  him  to  Yorktown  and  was 
appointed  by  his  chief  to  receive  the  sword  of 
Cornwallis  upon  the  surrender  of  the  British 
army.  Lincoln  was  appointed  by  congress  secre 
tary  of  war,  serving  1781-84.  He  retired  to  his 
farm  in  1784  after  receiving  a  vote  of  thanks  from 
congress  for  his  services.  On  the  outbreak  of 
Shays's  rebellion  in  1786  he  commanded  the  state 
militia  sent  to  suppress  the  insurrection.  He  was 
elected  lieutenant-governor  of  Massachusetts  in 
1787.  He  was  appointed  collector  of  the  port  of 
Boston  by  President  Washington,  which  office  he 
held  till  1808.  He  was  one  of  the  commissioners 
to  treat  with  the  Creek  Indians  in  1789,  and  with 
the  Indians  north  of  the  Ohio  at  Sandusky  in 
1793.  He  was  a  member  of  the  state  convention 
that  ratified  the  U.S.  constitution  ;  was  president 
of  the  Massachusetts  Society  of  the  Cincinnati 
from  its  organization  ;  was  a  member  of  the 
American  Academy  of  Arts  and  Sciences,  and  of 
the  Massachusetts  Historical  society.  The  hon 
orary  degree  of  A.M.  was  conferred  on  him  by 
Harvard  in  1780.  He  contributed  to  the  Annals 
of  the  Massachusetts  Historical  Society  papers  on  : 
Indian  Tribes  :  the  Cause  of  their  Decrease,  their 
Claims,  etc.;  Observations  on  the  Climate,  Soil 
and  Value  of  the  Eastern  Counties  in  the  District 
of  Maine,  and  On  the  Religious  Slate  of  the 
Eastern  Comities  of  Maine.  He  died  in  Hing- 
ham,  Mass.,  May  9,  1810. 

LINCOLN,  David  Francis,  physician,  was  born 
in  Boston,  Mass.,  Jan.  4,  1841  ;  son  of  William 
and  Mary  Moore  (Francis)  Lincoln  ;  grandson  of 
the  Rev.  Henry  and  Susannah  (Crocker)  Lincoln 
and  of  David  and  Mary  (Moore)  Francis,  and  a 
descendant  of  Thomas  Lincoln,  who  settled  in 
Hinghain,  Mass.,  in  1635.  He  was  graduated 
from  Harvard,  A.B.,  1861,  A.M.  and  M.D.,  1864. 
In  1862  with  other  students  of  the  Harvard 
Medical  school  he  entered  the  U.S.  navy  as  an 
assistant  surgeon,  serving  eighteen  months.  He 
was  a  house-surgeon  in  the  Boston  city  hospi 
tal,  1864-65.  He  studied  in  the  universities  and 
hospitals  of  Berlin  and  Vienna,  1865-67,  and  then 
engaged  in  practice  in  Boston.  In  1872  he  began 
to  devote  special  attention  to  nervous  diseases. 
He  was  elected  a  member  and  officer  in  the  prin 
cipal  medical  societies  and  became  a  frequent 
contributor  to  the  medical  and  educational 
journals.  He  is  the  author  of  :  Electro-Therapeu 
tics  (1874);  School  and  Industrial  Hygiene  (1888); 
Hygienic  Physiology,  for  schools  (1883);  Sanity  of 
Mind  (1900)  ;  abridged  translation  of  Trousseau 
and  Pidonx'  Therapeutics  (1880),  and  many 
reports  and  articles  on  hygiene. 

LINCOLN,  Enoch,  governor  of  Maine,  was 
born  in  Worcester,  Mass.,  Dec.  28,  1788;  son  of 
Levi  and  Martha  (Waldo)  Lincoln.  He  entered 


[GO] 


LINCOLN 


LINCOLN 


Harvard  college  with  the  class  of  1810,  but  with 
drew  before  graduation  to  study  law.  He  prac 
tised  law  iu  Salem,  Mass.,  1811-19;  and  Paris, 
Maine,  1819-29.  He  was  appointed  assistant  U.S. 
district  attorney  in  1815  and  was  a  representative 
from  Massachusetts  in  the 
15th  and  IGth  congresses,  18- 
17-21.  and  from  Maine  in  the 
l?th.  18th  and  19th  congresses, 
1821-20,  when  he  resigned  to 
become  the  Democratic  nomi 
nee  for  governor  of  Maine,  to 
which  office  he  was  elected, 
and  reelected  in  1827  and  1828,  but  declined  re- 
nomination  in  1829.  He  defended  the  right  of  the 
state  to  the  ceded  territory  on  the  New  Brunswick 
boundary,  advocated  making  Augusta  the  capital 
city,  and  supported  public  improvements  and  ad 
vanced  educational  methods.  He  made  his  last 
public  address  at  the  laying  of  the  corner  stone  of 
the  capitol  at  Augusta,  in  July,  1829.  Bowdoin  col 
lege  gave  him  the  honorary  degree  of  M.A.  in 
1821.  He  read  an  original  poem  at  the  centennial 
celebration  of  the  fight  at  Lovewell's  Pond  ;  and 
is  also  the  author  of  The  Village,  a  poem  (1810); 
papers  on  the  Indian  language  and  the  French 
missions  in  Maine  in  the  "  Maine  Historical 
Collections"  and  an  unfinished  book:  Maine's 
History  and  Resources.  He  never  married.  He 
died  in  Augusta.  Maine,  Oct.  8,  1829. 

LINCOLN,  Heman,  clergyman  and  educator, 
was  born  in  Boston,  Mass..  April  14,  1821  ;  son  of 
Ensign  and  Sophia  (Larkin)  Lincoln  ;  grandson 
of  David  and  Elizabeth  (Fearing)  Lincoln  and  of 
Oliver  Larkin  of  Charlestown,  Mass.;  and  great 
grandson  of  Israel  and  Martha  (Gibbs)  Fearing. 
The  Lincolns  and  Fearings  were  among  the 
earliest  settlers  of  Hingham,  Mass.  His  father, 
(born  Jan.  8,  1779.  died  Dec.  2,  1832)  was  the  se 
nior  partner  of  the  publishing  house  of  Lincoln 
&  Edmunds.  Boston.  Heman  Lincoln  was  grad 
uated  at  Brown  university,  A.B.,  1840.  A.M., 
1843  ;  was  principal  of  the  academy  at  Derby,  Vt. , 
1840-42  :  was  graduated  from  the  Newton  Theo 
logical  institution  in  1845,  and  was  ordained  in 
Boston,  Mass.,  Sept.  21,  1845.  He  was  pastor  of 
the  Baptist  church  at  New  Britain.  Pa.,  1845-50; 
the  Franklin  Square  Baptist  church,  Philadel 
phia,  Pa. ,1850-63;  the  Baptist  church,  Jamaica 
Plain,  Mass.,  185-5-59,  and  the  Central  church, 
Providence,  R.I.,  1NGO-OS.  He  was  married  in 
1851  to  Jane  Elizabeth  Tascombe  ("Kate  Camp 
bell'1),  a  well  known  contributor  to  various  period 
icals.  He  was  professor  of  ecclesiastical  history 
at  the  Newton  Theological  institution.  1SOS-73, 
and  1878-87.  and  professor  of  homiletics.  pastoral 
duties  and  church  polity.  1N73-7N  ;  member  of  the 
board  of  curators  of  Bucknell  university.  1848-51, 
and  chancellor  of  the  board,  1850-54  :  trustee  of 


Brown  university,  1802-79  ;  fellow,  1879-87,  and 
a  member  of  the  Pennsylvania  Historical  society. 
He  was  an  associate  editor  of  the  Christian 
Chronicle,  1844-48,  editor,  1848-53;  editor  of  the 
Watchman  and  Reflector,  1854-07  ;  and  corre 
spondent  of  the  Exam  hier.  New  York  city,  and  the 
Journal  and  Morning  Star,  Boston.  Mass.  Koch- 
ester  university  conferred  upon  him  the  degree 
of  D.D.  in  1805.  He  is  the  author  of:  Outline 
Lectures  in  Church  Histon/  (1884):  Outline  Lect 
ures  -in  History  of  Doctrine  (1885);  The  Quiet 
Hour,  and  contributions  to  religious  papers.  He 
died  at  Newton  Centre.  Mass.,  Oct.  18,  18*7. 

LINCOLN,  Jeanie  Gould,  author,  was  born  in 
Troy,  N.Y..  May  28,  1858;  daughter  of  Judge 
George  and  Sarah  McConn  (Vail)  Gould:  grand 
daughter  of  Judge  James  and  Sally  McCurdy 
(Tracy)  Gould  and  of  George  and  Jane  (Thomas) 
Vail  ;  great  granddaughter  of  Gen.  Uriah  Tracy 
and  of  Gen.  David  Thomas  ;  and  a  descendant  of 
Dr.  William  Gould,  born  at  The  Croft,  North 
Sawton,  Devonshire,  England,  Feb.  21,  1092.  who 
came  to  Bran  ford,  Conn.,  in  1720,  where  he  died 
Jan.  14,  1757.  Her  father  was  chief  justice  of 
the  court  of  appeals  of  the  state  of  New  York. 
She  was  educated  under  tutors  and  governesses, 
and  devoted  herself  to  literary  work.  She  was 
married,  Jan.  10,  1877,  to  Nathan  Smith  Lincoln, 
M.D.,  LL.D.  She  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
Society  of  American  Authors  in  1899.  Her 
published  volumes  include  :  .1  Cltaplet  of 
Leaves (1869);  Marjories  Quest  (1872):  Her  Wash 
ington  Season  (1884);  ^1  Genuine  Girl  (1890); 
An  Unit-ill  ing  Maid  (1897);  and  .1  Pretty  Tory 
(1899). 

LINCOLN,  John  Larkin,  educator,  was  born 
in  Boston,  Mass.,  Feb.  23.  1817  ;  son  of  Ensign 
and  Sophia  (Larkin)  Lincoln  ;  grandson  of  David 
and  Eliza  (Fearing)  Lincoln,  and  a  descendant  of 
Stephen  Lincoln,  who  came  from  Wyniondham, 
England,  to  Hingham.  Mass.,  in  1038.  He  was 
prepared  for  college  in  the  Boston  Latin  school, 
and  was  graduated  from  Brown  university,  A. B., 
1838,  A.M.,  18:59.  He  was  tutor  in  Columbia 
college,  Washington.  D.C..  1830-37  ;  a  student 
at  Newton  Theological  institution,  1837-39,  and 
tutor  in  Greek  at  Brown  university,  1839-41. 
With  Professor  Horatio  B.  Hackett  he  spent  the 
academic  year  1841—12  in  Halle,  studying  theology 
with  Tholuck  and  Julius  Mi'ilier.  and  philosophy 
with  Gesenius  in  Hebrew,  and  with  Bernhardv  in 
the  classics.  He  studied  in  Berlin,  1842-43.  and  in 
Geneva  and  Rome,  1813-44  :  was  assistant  pro 
fessor  of  the  Latin  language  and  literature  in 
Brown  university,  1814-45,  and  full  professor, 
1845-91.  He  received  the  honorary  degree  of 
LL.  D.  from  Brown  in  1X59.  He  contributed 
articles  to  periodicals,  and  edited  :  "  Selections 
from  Liry"  (1847);  "  The  Works  of  Horace  (1851- 


[70] 


LINCOLN 


LINCOLN 


1882);  Ovid,  with  Notes  and  Vocabulary  (1883); 
Cicero's  De  Senectute  (1887).  His  son,  William  E. 
Lincoln,  published  a  collection  of  his  miscella 
neous  papers  as  :  In  Memoriam — Jolin  Larkin 
Lincoln,  —1817-1891  (1894).  He  died  in  Prov 
idence.  R.I.,  Oct.  17.  1891. 

LINCOLN,  Levi,  statesman,  was  born  in  Hing- 
ham,  Mass.,  May  15,  1749  ;  son  of  Enoch  and 
Rachel  (Fearing)  Lincoln,  and  a  descendant  of 
Samuel  Lincoln  of  Hinghain,  Mass.,  10:55.  He 
was  indentured  as  an  apprentice  to  a  trade, 
employed  his  leisure  hours  in  study,  and  was 
graduated  from  Harvard.  A.B.,  1772,  A.  M.,  1776. 
He  began  the  study  of  law  at  Northampton, 
Mass.,  but  at  the  outbreak  of  the  Revolution 
joined  the  minute-men  at  Cambridge.  He 
removed  to  Worcester  and  was  clerk  of  the  court 
and  judge  of  probate  for  Worcester  county, 
1775-81.  He  was  government  commissioner  for 
the  confiscated  estates  of  loyalists  and  to  enforce 
the  payment  of  the  continental  tax ;  and  a 
delegate  to  the  convention,  at  Cambridge,  which 
drew  up  the  state  constitution.  He  was  elected 
to  the  Continental  congress  in  1781,  but  did  not 
serve  ;  was  a  state  representative,  179G,  a  state 
senator  in  1797-98,  and  a  representative  in  the 
Gth  congress  in  1800  in  place  of  Dwight  Foster, 
who  had  been  appointed  to  the  U.S.  senate  as 
successor  to  Samuel  Dexter,  resigned.  He  was  at 
torney-general  in  the  cabinet  of  President  Jeffer 
son,  1801-05,  and  was  provisional  secretary  of  the 
state  until  the  acceptance  of  the  office  by  James 
Madison.  He  was  a  member  of  Governor  Strong's 
council,  1800  ;  lieutenant-governor,  1807-08.  and 
on  the  deatli  of  Governor  Sullivan,  Dec.  10,  1808, 
became  governor,  serving  until  the  close  of  the 
term,  May,  1809.  He  was  subsequently  appointed 
by  President  Madison  as  associate  justice  of  the 
U.S.  supreme  court,  but  could  not  serve  on 
account  of  threatened  total  blindness.  Later  his 
sight  was  partially  restored  and  he  was  able  to 
cultivate  his  farm  during  the  latter  part  of  his 
life.  He  was  an  original  member  and  fellow 
of  the  American  Academy  of  Arts  and  Sciences  ; 
a  member  of  other  learned  societies,  and  the 
author  of  Fanner's  Letters  which  appeared 
during  the  political  discussions  incident  to 
Adams's  administration.  He  was  married  to 
Martha,  daughter  of  Daniel  Waldo.  He  died  in 
'Worcester,  Mass.,  April  14,  1820. 

LINCOLN,  Levi,  governor  of  Massachusetts, 
was  born  in  Worcester,  Mass.,  Oct.  25.  1782  ;  son 
of  Levi  and  Martha  (Waldo)  Lincoln.  He  was 
graduated  at  Harvard,  A.B.,  1802.  A.M.,  1*05; 
studied  law  in  his  father's  office,  and  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in  1805.  lie  was  a  Democratic 
representative  in  the  state  legislature  irregularly, 
1812-22,  and  speaker  in  1822.  In  1S14  he  drew  up 
the  protest  signed  by  seventy -five  Massachusetts 


representatives  against  the  Hartford  conven 
tion.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Constitutional 
convention  of  1820  ;  was  lieutenant-governor  of 
Massachusetts  in  1823  ;  justice  of  the  supreme 
court  in  1824  ;  and  governor  of  the  state,  1825-34. 
He  was  the  first  gov 
ernor  under  the  state 
constitution  to  exer 
cise  the  veto  power. 
He  was  a  Whig  rep 
resentative  from 
Massachusetts  in  the 
23d-26th  congresses, 
1833-41  ;  collector  of 
the  port  of  Boston, 
1841-45,  state  senator, 
1844-45.  president  of 
the  senate,  1845 ; 
presidential  elector, 
1848.  serving  as  chair 
man  of  the  electoral 
college  ;  and  was  the 
first  mayor  of  Worcester,  1848.  He  was  an 
overseer  of  Harvard  college,  1825-52,  and  a  mem 
ber  of  the  American  Antiquarian  society,  the 
Massachusetts  Historical  society,  the  American 
Academy  of  Arts  and  Sciences,  and  the  Massa 
chusetts  Agricultural  society.  He  received  the 
degree  of  LL.D.  from  Williams  college  in  1824, 
and  from  Harvard  in  1820.  He  died  in  Worcester, 
Mass.,  May  29.  1808. 

LINCOLN,  flary  Todd,  wife  of  President  Lin 
coln,  was  born  in  Lexington,  Ky.,  Dec.  13, 
1818  :  daughter  of  Robert  S.  Todd  and  grand 
daughter  of  Levi  and  Eliza  Ann  (Porter)  Todd. 
She  was  educated  at  the  celebrated  private  school 
of  Madame  Mantelli, 
where  she  became 
proficient  in  the 
French  language,  and 
at  the  Wood  acad 
emy,  Lexington.  She 
resided  with  her  sis 
ter  Elizabeth,  wife  of 
Ninian  W.  Edwards, 
at  Springfield.  111.,  18- 
39-42,  and  here  she  be 
came  acquainted  with 
Stephen  A.  Douglas, 
James  Shields,  Abra 
ham  Lincoln  and  oth 
er  less  noted  young 
men,  and  showed  her 
decided  preference  for  the  company  of  Mr.  Lin 
coln.  This  choice  was  discouraged  by  her  sis 
ter  and  brother-in-law,  who  considered  it  be 
low  her  social  position.  Some  time  in  1840 
they  were  engaged,  and  the  engagement  was 
reported  to  have  been  broken  by  Mr.  Lincoln, 


[71] 


LINCOLN 


LINDERMAN 


Jan.  1.  1841.  His  decision  is  said  to  have  fol 
lowed  an  overwhelming  period  of  mental  depres 
sion,  but  exaggerated  accounts  of  this  have  been 
denied.  That  they  were  estranged  for  a  time 
is  undoubtedly  true,  also  that  she  was  the  cause 
of  the  challenge  to  fight  a  duel  received  by  Mr. 
Lincoln  from  James  Shields.  Mr.  Lincoln  pre 
pared  the  preliminaries  for  the  duel  which  was 
to  take  place  on  a  sand-bar  on  the  Missouri  side 
of  the  river  opposite  Alton,  111.,  where  he  re 
paired  Sept.  22,  1842,  and  where  friends  arranged 
a  peaceful  solution  of  the  difficulties.  The  en 
gagement  was  soon  afterward  renewed,  and  they 
were  married  Nov.  4,  1842.  at  the  home  of  Mrs. 
Edwards.  They  made  their  home  in  Springfield, 
where  their  three  children,  Robert  Todd,  William 
Wallace  and  Thomas  were  born.  After  Mr. 
Lincoln  left  congress  he  refused  the  governor 
ship  of  Oregon,  as  the  acceptance  would  disturb 
the  harmony  of  their  home.  As  mistress  of  the. 
White  House  Mrs.  Lincoln  was  the  subject  of 
some  criticism  on  account  of  her  apparent  fond 
ness  for  social  festivities  during  a  period  of 
national  anxiety  and  sorrow,  but  her  friends 
found  ample  excuse  in  her  desire  in  this  way  to 
lighten  the  gloom  that  attended  the  <  fficial  life 
of  her  husband.  Her  family  was  divided  by  the 
war  and  her  closest  blood  relations  were  officers 
in  the  Confederate  service,  but  there  has  never 
been  a  question  as  to  her  loyalty  which  was  at 
tested  by  her  personal  visits  to  the  camps  and 
hospitals,  where  sh^  carried  comfort  and  cheer 
to  the  suffering.  The  tragic  death  of  her  sons 
William  Wallace  in  1862,  and  Thomas  in  1868, 
caused  her  mind  to  become  unbalanced,  and  her 
last  days  were  spent  with  her  sister  Mrs.  Ed 
wards,  in  travel  in  Europe,  and  at  the  home  of  her 
son  Robert.  She  died  of  paralysis  at  the  home  of 
Mrs.  Edwards,  Springfield,  111.,  July  16.  1882. 

LINCOLN,  Robert  Todd,  cabinet  officer,  was 
born  in  Springfield,  111.,  Aug.  1,  184o  ;  son  of 
Abraham  and  Mary  (Todd)  Lincoln.  He  at 
tended  a  local  academy,  1850-.");};  the  Illinois 
State  university,  1858-59,  and  Phillips  Exeter 
academy,  and  was  graduated  from  Harvard  in 
1864.  He  studied  for  a  short  time  at  the  Harvard 
Law  school  ;  applied  for  admission  in  tlie  mili 
tary  service  and  was  commissioned  captain,  serv 
ing  on  the  staff  of  General  Grant  throughout  the 
final  campaign  of  the  civil  war.  He  resumed  his 
law  studies  at  Chicago,  111.  ;  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  Feb.  16,  1867,  and  practised  in  Chicago.  lie 
was  appointed  supervisor  in  south  Chicago  in 
1876  ;  was  a  delegate  to  the  Republican  state  con 
vention  held  at  Springfield  in  1880,  and  was  the 
same  year  chosen  a  presidential  elector.  He  was 
appointed  secretary  of  war  in  President  Garfield's 
cabinet  in  1881,  and  upon  the  assassination  of  tin* 
President  and,  the  accession  of  Vice-President 

[72 


Arthur  to  the  presidency,  lie  was  the  only  mem 
ber  of  the  cabinet  that  was  retained.  In  1SS4  he 
was  prominently  mentioned  us  nominee  for  Pres 
ident,  but  declined  to  oppose  the  nomination  of 
President  Arthur.  On  the  expiration  of  Arthur's 
administration  he  returned  to  Chicago  and  con 
tinued  the  practice  of  law.  He  was  U.S.  minister 
to  Great  Britain  by  appointment  of  President 
Harrison,  1889-;):;.  Upon  the  death  of  George  M. 
Pullman  in  1847  lie  became  acting  president  of 
the  Pullman  Palace  Car  company.  The  honorary 
degree  of  LL.D.  was  conferred  on  him  by  Har 
vard  in  189;?. 

LIND,  John,  governor  of  Minnesota,  was  born 
at  Kanna,  Smaland.  Sweden,  March  25,  1854; 
son  of  Gustave  and  Catherine  (Jonason)  Lind. 
He  came  with  his  parents  to  the  United  States  in 
1868.  and  settled  at  Goodhue.  Minn.  He  taught 
school  in  Sibley  county.  Minn..  1872-73,  and  in 
the  latter  year  removed  to  Xew  Uhn,  Brown 
county.  He  was  a  student  at  the  State  Univer 
sity  of  Minnesota.  is?.")-7ii,  and  in  the  law  office 
of  J.  Newhart.  and  in  1*76  was  admitted  to  the 
bar.  settling  in  practice  at  Xew  Ulm.  He  was 
married.  Sept.  1.  1*79,  to  Alice  A.,  daughter  of 
Richard  and  Roweiia  (St  ration)  Shepard.  He 
was  receiver  in  the  land  office  at  Tracy,  Lyon 
county.  1881-85  ;  and  a  Republican  representa 
tive  from  the  second  Minnesota,  district  in  the 
50th,  51st  and  52d  congresses,  1XX7-93.  Being  an 
advocate  of  the  free  coinage  of  silver  he  left  the 
Republican  party,  and  in  1896  was  nominated  by 
the  Democrats  for  governor  of  the  state.  In 
1898,  on  the  outbreak  of  the  war  with  Spain,  lie 
was  appointed  regimental-quartermaster  of  the 
12th  Minnesota  volunteers,  with  the  rank  of  1st 
lieutenant.  He  was  elected  governor  of  the  state 
on  the  Fusion  ticket  in  1N9S,  serving.  1S99-1901, 
and  was  defeated  for  reelection  in  1900  by 
S.  R.  Van  Sandt.  by  a  narrow  majority. 

LINDERflAN,  Henry  Richard,  director  of  the 
U.S.  mints,  was  born  in  Lehman  township. 
Pike  county.  Pa.,  Dec.  25,  1*25  ;  son  of  Dr.  John 
Jordan  and  Rachel  (Brodhead)  Linderman  ; 
and  grandson  of  Henry  Linderman  of  Orange 
county,  N.Y..  and  of  Richard  Hrodhead  of  Pike 
county,  Pa.  His  first  ancestors  in  America  were 
Jacob  von  Linderman,  who  settled  near  Kings 
ton,  Ulster  county,  N.V.,  in  1710,  and  Capt. 
Daniel  Brodhead  of  the  King's  Grenadiers,  who 
commanded  a  company  in  Colonel  Nichols'  ex 
pedition  to  New  Amsterdam  in  1664,  and  settled 
at  Esopus,  N.Y.  He  was  a  great-grandnephew  of 
Brev.  Brig.-Gen.  Daniel  Hrodhead,  colonel  of  the 
8th  Pennsylvania,  and  of  Capt.  Luke  Brodhead 
of  the  6th  Pennsylvania,  and  a  great-grandson  of 
Moses  Shaw  of  the  5th  New  York  regiment,  all 
of  the  Continental  line;  a  great-grandson  of 
Garrett  Brodhead  of  the  New  Jersey  state  troops 


LINDERMAN 


LINDSAY 


and  of  Capt.  Samuel  Drake  of  the  Pennsylvania 
militia,  in  active  service  during  the  Revolution. 
He  was  also  a  nephew  of  U.S.  Senator  Richard 
Brodhead,  who  was  his  mother's  brother,  lie 
studied  medicine  with  his  father,  was  graduated 

at  the  University  of 
the  City  of  New  York. 
31.  D.,  in  1846,  and 
practised  in  Pike  and 
Carbon  counties,  Pa. 
Ho  was  chief  clerk 
of  the  U.S.  mint  at 
Philadelphia,  18r>r>-(i4, 
and  director  of  the 
U.S.  mint  at  Phila- 
delphiaand  in  charge 
*  HH  the  branch 
mints  and  assay  of 
fices  in  the  United 
States,  1866-69.  In 
July,  1869,  he  was 
appointed  treasury 

commissioner  to  examine  the  western  mints 
and  adjust  some  intricate  bullion  questions. 
In  1870  he  was  sent  to  Europe  by  President 
Grant  to  visit  the  mints  at  London,  Paris, 
Brussels  and  Berne  to  report  on  their  coinage 
methods  and  on  the  relative  values  of  gold  and 
silver  as  currency  metals,  and  his  report  on  his 
return  in  1871  favored  a  single  gold  standard. 
In  1873  he  was  appointed  a  commissioner  with 
Prof.  Robert  E.  Rogers  of  the  University  of 
Pennsylvania,  to  examine  the  subject  of  wastage 
in  operating  011  gold  and  silver  bullion,  and  was 
also  the  government  commissioner  for  fitting  up 
the  new  mint  and  assay  office  at  San  Francisco. 
In  1873  he  made  an  elaborate  report  on  the  con 
dition  of  the  market  for  silver,  and  predicted  the 
decline  in  its  relative  value  to  gold  which  after 
ward  took  place.  With  a  view  of  obtaining  an 
advantageous  market  for  the  large  and  increas 
ing  production  of  that  metal  in  the  United  States 
lie  projected  the  coinage  of  the  trade  dollar 
which  was  subsequently  authorized  by  law  and 
successfully  introduced  into  Oriental  markets 
with  marked  advantage  to  American  commerce. 
In  the  same  report  he  called  attention  to  the  dis 
advantages  arising  from  the  computation  and 
quotation  of  exchange  with  Great  Britain  on  the 
old  and  complicated  colonial  basis  and  from  the 
under-valuation  of  foreign  coins  in  computing 
the  value  of  invoices  and  in  levying  and  collecting 
duties  on  foreign  merchandise  at  the  U.S.  custom 
houses.  He  was  the  author  of  the  act  of  March 
3,  1873,  which  corrected  these  defects.  Dr.  Lind- 
erman  was  the  first  to  recommend  the  adoption 
of  a  system  of  redemption  for  the  inferior  coins 
used  as  change  money  for  the  purpose  of  keeping 
their  purchasing  power  on  an  equality  with  the 


money  of  unlimited  legal  tender.  He  was  the 
author  of  the  coinage  act  of  1873.  In  1869  he 
had  assisted  John  Jay  Knox,  then  deputy  comp 
troller  of  the  currency,  in  framing  the  first  act 
for  the  codification  of  the  mint  legislation,  which 
was  not  acted  upon.  Upon  his  return  from  Eu 
rope,  in  1871-73,  Dr.  Linderman  entirely  rewrote 
this  act,  adding  and  including  the  provisions 
demonetizing  silver  and  putting  the  country  on 
a  gold  standard,  making  the  director  of  the  mint 
an  officer  reporting  to  the  secretary  of  the  treas 
ury  instead  of  the  President,  and  authorizing  the 
coinage  of  the  trade  dollar  for  Oriental  com 
merce.  He  secured  its  passage  after  two  years' 
work  before  congress  in  1873,  and  was  the 
first  director  of  the  U.S.  mints  under  the 
new  law,  1873-79.  He  declined  to  serve  the 
Japanese  government  at  a  very  large  salary  in 
organizing  a  new  mint  system  for  the  empire. 
With  Henry  Dodge  and  Frederic  F.  Low  of  San 
Francisco,  named  by  him  as  colleagues,  as  the 
U.S.  treasury  commission,  he  investigated  the 
San  Francisco  mint,  custom  house  and  other 
Federal  departments  on  the  Pacific  coast  in  1877, 
without  additional  compensation,  and  the  over 
work  brought  on  the  illness  which  resulted  in 
his  death.  Besides  his  reports  to  the  President 
and  treasury  department,  he  is  author  of:  Ar 
gument  for  the  Gold  Standard  (1877);  Money  and 
Leyal  Tender  (1877).  See  '•  Pennsylvania  Cyclo 
paedia  of  Biography  "  (1874).  He  died  in  Wash 
ington.  D.C.,  Jan.  28,  1879. 

LINDSAY,  John  Summerfield,  clergyman, 
was  born  in  Williamsburg,  Va. .  March  19,  1843  ; 
son  of  Thomas  and  Caroline  (Martin)  Lindsay, 
and  of  Scotch  ancestry.  He  entered  the  College 
of  William  and  Mary  in  1859.  and  spent  one  or  two 
sessions  at  the  University  of  Virginia  after  the 
civil  war.  He  became  a  clergyman  in  the  Meth 
odist  Episcopal  church,  south,  and  after  preach 
ing  a  short  time  was  received  in  the  communion 
of  the  Protestant  Episcopal  church  and  was  made 
a  deacon  in  1869  and  ordained  a  priest  in  1870. 
He  was  assistant  at  Trinity,  Portsmouth,  Va., 
1869-71  ;  rector  of  St.  James's.  Warren  ton,  Va., 
1871-79;  of  St.  John's,  Georgetown,  D.C.,  1879- 
87;  chaplain  of  the  U.S.  house  of  representatives, 
1883-85  ;  rector  of  St.  John's,  Bridgeport.  Conn.. 
1887-89,  and  of  St.  Paul's.  Boston,  Mass.,  from 
1889.  He  declined  the  bishopric  of  Easton,  Md.. 
in  1887,  and  upon  the  elevation  of  the  Rev.  Dr. 
Phillips  Brooks  to  the  episcopate  lie  was  selected 
to  fill  his  place  on  the  standing  committee  of  the 
diocese  of  Massachusetts  and  later  was  elected 
president  of  the  committee.  He  also  served  the 
diocese  as  a  member  of  the  House  of  Deputies  in 
the  General  Conventions  of  1892,  1895,  1898  and 
1901,  and  was  a  member  of  several  important 
committees  in  that  body.  He  declined  the  office 


[78] 


LINDSAY 


LINDSAY 


of  bishop  coadjutor  of  Alabama  in  1890.  He 
was  archdeacon  of  Boston,  1898-99,  and  a  member 
of  the  board  of  managers  of  the  Domestic  and 
Foreign  Missionary  Society  of  the  Protestant 
Episcopal  church  in  the  United  States  for  several 
years,  declining  the  position  of  the  general 
secretary  of  the  society  in  1899.  The  College  of 
William  and  Mary  conferred  on  him  the  honor 
ary  degree  of  D.D.  in  1881.  the  University  of 
the  South  a  similar  degree  in  1895,  and  Washing 
ton  and  Lee  university  the  degree  of  LL.D.  in 
1899.  He  is  tlve  author  of:  Hamilton  Parish, 
Virginia  (1873);  St.  Joint's  Church,  Georgetown 
(1886);  The  True  American  Citizen  (1887);  many 
published  sermons  and  addresses  and  a  number  of 
review  articles. 

LINDSAY,  John  Wesley,  educator,  was  born 
in  Barre.  Vt.,  Aug.  20,  1820  ;  son  of  the  Rev. 
John  and  Lucy  (Nourse)  Lindsay  ;  grandson  of 
Daniel  Lindsay  and  of  James  Nourse.  and  a  des 
cendant  of  Christopher  Lindsay,  who  came  to 
Lynn,  Mass..  in  1629.  He  was 
graduated  at  Wesleyan  uni 
versity,  Middletown,  Conn., 
A.B.,  1840,  A.M.,  1843  ;  at 
'  Union  Theological  seminary, 
New  York  city,  1842,  and 
joined  the  New  York  con 
ference  of  the  Methodist  Epis 
copal  church  in  1843.  He  was  stationed  at  New 
Paltzand  Plattekill,  N.Y.,  1843-44,  at  Troy.  N.Y., 
in  1845  and  at  Lenox,  Mass. ,  1 845-46  ;  was  tutor  in 
Wesleyan  university,  1847-48  ;  professor  of  Latin 
and  Hebrew  there,  1848-60  ;  pastor,  New  York  city, 
1860-65  ;  president  of  Genesee  college,  Lima,  N.Y., 
1863-68  :  professor  of  exegetical  theology  in  Boston 
Theological  seminary,  1868-71,  and  in  the  school  of 
theology,  Boston  university,  1871-83  ;  dean  of  the 
faculty  of  liberal  arts,  Boston  university,  1873-82, 
a  trustee  of  the  university,  1869-82,  professor  of 
New  Testament  Greek  and  exegesis  there,  1883-84, 
and  was  made  emeritus  professor  in  1884.  He 
was  married  June  16,  1852,  to  Emily  Bond  of 
Baltimore.  Md.  He  traveled  in  Europe  in  1874; 
was  presiding  elder  of  the  Boston  district  of  the 
New  England  conference,  1884-88,  and  of  the 
North  Boston  district.  1888-94.  He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  board  of  education  of  the  M.E.  church 
from  1868  ;  a  delegate  to  the  general  conference 
of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church  in  1864,  1868 
and  1872,  and  fraternal  delegate  to  the  Canadian 
Wesleyan  conference,  1870.  He  was  a  trustee  of 
Wesleyan  university,  1862-75,  and  was  again 
elected  to  that  office  in  1887,  and  he  received 
from  Wesleyan  the  degree  of  D.D.  in  1863.  He 
contributed  to  the  Methodist  Quarterly  Review 
and  to  the  other  denominational  papers,  and  is 
the  author  of :  Commentary  on  Deuteronomy 
(1874). 


LINDSAY,  Robert  Burns,  governor  of  Ala 
bama,  was  born  in  Lochmaben,  Dumfriesshire, 
Scotland,  July  4,  1824  ;  son  of  John  and  Elizabeth 
(McKnight)  Lindsay.  He  was  educated  at  St. 
Andrew's  university,  immigrated  to  the  United 
States  in  1844  and 
settled  in  North  Car 
olina,  where  he  stud 
ied  law  and  taught 
school.  In  1849  he 
removed  to  Tuscum 
bia,  Ala.,  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar. 
and  engaged  success 
fully  in  practice.  He 
was  a  representative 
in  the  Alabama  leg 
islature  in  1853.  He 
was  married,  Oct.  14, 
1854,  to  Sarah  Mill 
er,  daughter  of 
William  Winston,  a 
wealthy  planter  of  North  Alabama,  and  grand 
daughter  of  Antony  Winston,  a  Revolutionary 
soldier.  He  was  state  senator,  1857-58,  a  presi 
dential  elector  on  the  Douglas  and  Johnson 
ticket  in  1860  ;  and  was  again  state  senator 
in  1865-66.  He  served  in  Roddy's  cavalry,  or 
ganized  at  Tuscumbia,  Ala.,  in  December,  18G2. 
He  was  nominated  for  governor  of  Alabama  at 
the  Democratic  Conservative  state  convention  in 
September,  1870,  and  was  elected,  defeating  Gov 
ernor  William  H.  Smith,  serving  one  term.  He 
died  at  Tuscumbia,  Ala.,  Feb.  13.  1902. 

LINDSAY,  William,  senator,  was  born  in 
Rockbridge  county,  Va.,  Sept.  4.  1S35  ;  son  of 
Andrew  Lindsay  ;  grandson  of  James  Lindsay, 
and  a  descendant  of 
William  Lindsay  of 
Scotland.  He  settled 
in  Clinton,  Ky.,  in 
1854,  where  he  taught 
school,  studied  law 
and  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1858.  He 
entered  the  Confed 
erate  arm}"  in  July, 
1861,  as  lieutenant, 
was  made  captain  in 
the  2d  Tennessee  in 
fantry,  and  was  with 
the  2d  Kentucky  brig 
ade  until  captured 
and  paroled  at  Co 
lumbus,  Miss.,  May  16,  1865.  He  resumed  the 
practice  of  law  at  Clinton  and  was  elected  state 
senator  from  the  Hick  man  district  in  1867.  He 
was  a  judge  of  the  Kentucky  court  of  appeals, 
1870-76,  and  chief  justice,  1876-78.  He  declined  a 


174] 


LIXDSLEY 


LINDSLEY 


renomination  in  1878  ;  practised  at  Frankfort,  and 
was  state  senator,  1890-92.  He  was  appointed  by 
President  Harrison  and  confirmed  by  the  senate  as 
a  member  of  the  interstate  commerce  commission 
in  January,  1893,  but  declined  the  appointment. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  AYorld's  Columbian 
commission  for  the  country  at  large  from  its  or 
ganization  to  Feb.  20,  1893  ;  was  a  candidate  for 
U.S.  senator  in  1S90  to  fill  the  um-xpired  term  of 
James  B.  Beck,  deceased,  but  was  defeated  by 
John  G.  Carlisle,  and  on  Carlisle's  resignation,  to 
take  effect  March  4,  1893,  to  accept  the  treasury 
portfolio,  he  was  elected  his  successor,  Feb.  14, 
1893,  serving  through  the  53d  congress.  He  was 
re-elected  in  January,  1894,  for  the  term  expiring 
March  4,  1901.  He  was  chairman  of  the  commit 
tee  on  Revolutionary  claims. 

LINDSLEY,  Charles  Augustus,  physician, 
was  born  in  Orange,  N.J.,  Aug.  19,  1826  ;  son  of 
John  and  Eliza  L.  (Condit)  Lindsley  ;  grand 
son  of  Daniel  and  Hannah  (Williams)  Linds 
ley,  and  of  Stephen  and  Mary  E.  (Ogden) 
Condit,  and  a  descendant  of  John  Linle  (or 
Lindsley),  Bran  ford,  Conn..  1(540,  and  of  his  son, 
Francis  Lindsley,  Newark.  N.J..  May,  1666.  He 
attended  the  Rev.  Anthony  Ten  Broeck's  classical 
school  and  was  graduated  from  Trinity  college. 
Hartford.  Conn.,  A.B.,  1849,  A.M.,  *1852.  He 
was  a  student  at  the  College  of  Physicians  and 
Surgeons  in  New  York  city,  1850-51,  and  was 
graduated  from  Yale  university,  M.D.,  1852.  He 
was  married  April  13,  1852,  to  Lydia  Louise  Harri 
son  of  Orange,  N.J.  He  was  professor  of  materia 
medica  and  therapeutics  at  Yale,  1860-83  ;  pro 
fessor  of  theory  and  practice  of  medicine,  1883-96  ; 
was  elected  professor  emeritus  in  1896  and  lec 
turer  on  sanitary  science,  1897.  He  was  one  of 
the  organizers  of  the  Connecticut  state  board  of 
health,  established  in  1878,  and  was  elected  its 
secretary  and  executive  officer  in  1884,  and  ed 
ited  the  annual  reports  of  the  board  from  that 
time.  He  was  elected  president  of  the  Con 
necticut  Medical  society  in  1892:  of  the  Ameri 
can  Public,  Health  association  in  1898  ;  and  of  the 
conference  of  the  state  and  provincial  boards  of 
health  of  North  America,  1894-95;  and  an  hon 
orary  member  of  the  New  Jersey  Medical  society. 

LINDSLEY,  John  Berrien,  educator,  was  born 
in  Princeton,  N.J.,  Oct.  24,  1822  ;  son  of  the 
Rev.  Philip  and  Margaret  Elizabeth  (Lawrence) 
Lindsley.  He  was  graduated  from  the  Uni 
versity  of  Nashville,  A.B..  1839.  A.M..  1S41  ;  was 
a  private  pupil  of  Dr.  Gerard  Troost,  the  scientist, 
studied  medicine  in  the  University  of  Louisville 
(Ky.),  1841-42.  and  w;is  graduated  from  the 
University  of  Pennsylvania.  M.D..  1S43,  when  he 
became  a  member  of  the  Medical  Society  of  the 
State  of  Tennessee.  He  studied  natunil  science 
under  Troost,  Lea  and  Jay,  1845-50.  He  was  or 


dained  by  the  presbytery  of  Nashville  in  1846  ; 
served  as  stated  supply  at  Smyrna  and  Hermit 
age,  Tenn.,  and  for  a  year  preached  to  the  slaves 
in  and  about  Nashville.  He  conducted  a  geolog 
ical  survey  through  the  eastern  and  northern 
states  in  1847.  He 
was  professor  of 
chemistry  at  the  Uni 
versity  of  Nashville, 
1850-70  ;  projector 
and  dean  of  the  medi 
cal  faculty,  1850-73; 
became  a  member  of 
the  American  Medi 
cal  association  in 
1851  ;  spent  his  vaca 
tions  in  1852  and  1859 
in  the  medical  schools 
of  France  and  Ger 
many  ;  was  chancel- 
lor  of  the  University 
of  Nashville,  1855- 
70,  and  had  charge  of  the  Confederate  hos 
pitals  of  Nashville,  1861-62.  He  was  married 
in  1857  to  Sarah  McGavock,  granddaughter  of 
Felix  Grundy  of  Tennessee.  In  1867  lie  sug 
gested  the  plan  of  embracing  within  the  uni 
versity  the  Peabody  Education  fund  in  the  crea 
tion  of  a  state  normal  school  and  lie  was  influ 
ential  in  erecting  the  principal  college  building 
and  gave  a  sum  exceeding  $10.000  for  its 
construction.  He  organized  the  Montgomery 
Bell  academy  in  1867,  and  served  as  its  principal 
until  1870,  when  he  resigned  to  aid  in  founding 
the  Tennessee  College  of  Pharmacy,  in  which  he 
was  professor  of  materia  medica,  1876-97.  He 
was  professor  of  chemistry  and  state  medicine  in 
the  University  of  Tennessee,  1880-97.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  Nashville  board  of  education, 
1H56-60:  superintendent  of  city  schools  in  1866 
and  secretary  of  the  state  board  of  education, 
1875-87.  He  served  as  health  officer  for  Nashville, 
1876-80  ;  and  was  secretary  and  executive  officer 
of  the  state  board  of  health,  1877-79.  and  1884-97. 
He  was  treasurer  of  the  American  Public  Health 
association,  1879-97  ;  a  member  of  many  learned 
societies  in  America  and  of  the  Royal  Historical 
Society  of  London  ;  a  director  of  the  National 
Prison  association  and  a  corresponding  member 
of  the  National  Prison  association  of  France  ;  a 
member  of  the  American  Tract  society  and  the 
American  Bible  society.  He  gave  his  salary  for 
twenty-three  years  to  his  assistants  in  the 
university  and  to  the  support  of  the  NadiriUe 
Journal  of  Medicine  and  Surgery  which  he 
edited.  He  received  the  degree  of  D.D.  from 
the  College  of  New  Jersey  in  1858.  Tie  con 
tributed  to  the  Presbyterian  Quarterly  (1*75-80), 
articles  on  "  Cumberland  Presbyterian  History," 


L1NDSLEY 


LINK 


and  papers  on  prison  reform  and  African  coloni 
zation.  He  edited  the  second  and  third  Reports 
of  the  Nashville  Board  of  Health  (1877-79),  and 
The  Second  Quadrennial  Report  of  the  Tennes 
see  State  Board  of  Health  (1880-84)  ;  and  nine 
volumes  of  the  State  Board  of  Health  Bulletin 
(1883-94).  He  also  edited  and  published:  The 
Military  Annals  of  Tennessee,  Confederate;  Ency- 
cJupii'dia  of  Tennessee  History,  and  pamphlets 
which  reached  a  circulation  of  several  thousand 
copies  each,  including  :  Memorial  of  Prof.  R.  M. 
Porter,  D.D.  (18.16)  :  Prison  Discipline  and  Penal 
Legislation  (1874)  :  Medical  Colleges  (1858)  ;  Our 
Ruin  ;  its  Cause  and  Cure  (1868)';  Reconstruc 
tion  (1868)  ;  American  Colonization  and  Chris 
tian  Missions  (1873),  and  History  of  the  Law 
School  of  Cumberland  University  (1876).  He 
died  in  Nashville.  Tenn.,  Dec.  7,  1897. 

LINDSLEY,  Philip,  educator,  was  born  near 
Morristown,  N.J.,  Dec.  21,  1786  ;  son  of  Isaac  and 
Pho3be(Condit),  grandson  of  Philip,  great-grand- 
sen  of  John,  great2-grandson  of  John,  great8- 
grandson  of  Francis,  and  great*-grandson  of  John 
Lindsley  (or  Linle),  who  came  from  England 
and  settled  in  Branford.  Conn.,  about  1640,  his  son 
Francis  removing  to  Newark,  N.J.,  in  1666. 
Philip  Lindsley  was  prepared  for  college  by  the 
Rev.  Robert  Finley,  of  Basking  Ridge,  N.J.,  and 
was  graduated  from  the  College  of  New  Jersey, 
A. B.,  1804,  A.M.,  1807.  He  taught  at  Morristown 
and  Basking  Ridge,  N.J.,  1804-07  ;  and  studied 
theology  under  Dr.  Samuel  Stanhope  Smith  (q.v.), 
and  was  tutor  in  Latin  and  Greek  at  the  College 
of  New  Jersey,  1807-09.  He  was  licensed  to 
preach  by  the  presbytery  of  New  Brunswick, 
April  24,  1810,  and  preached  in  Long  Island,  Vir 
ginia  and  New  England,  1810-12.  He  was  senior 
tutor  at  the  College  of  New  Jersey,  1812-13  ;  pro 
fessor  of  languages,  1813-24,  and  librarian,  in 
spector  and  secretary  of  the  board  of  trustees, 
1812-24.  He  was  ordained  by  the  presbytery  of 
New  Brunswick  in  1817,  and  was  elected  vice- 
president  of  the  College  of  New  Jersey  in  the 
same  year.  In  1822,  after  the  resignation  of 
President  Ashbel  Green,  he  served  as  acting  pres 
ident  for  one  year,  and  was  elected  president  in 
1 823,  but  declined  to  serve.  He  three  times  refused 
the  presidency  of  Transylvania  university,  Ky., 
between  1817  and  1839  ;  the  presidency  of  Wash 
ington  college,  Lexington,  Va. ,  in  1829  ;  Dickinson 
college  in  1829  ;  the  University  of  Alabama  twice 
in  1830,  and  South  Alabama  college,  Marion,  Ala., 
1837.  In  1822  and  1823  he  refused  the  presidency 
of  Cumberland  college,  Nashville,  Tenn..  but  ac 
cepted  in  1824.  He  was  inaugurated  Jan.  12, 
1825,  and  on  Nov.  27, 1826.  the  name  was  changed 
to  the  University  of  Nashville.  He  added  to  the 
library  of  100  volumes.  1500  volumes,  which  he 
brought  from  New  Jersey,  and  $6000  worth  of 


apparatus  for  the  laboratory  obtained  in  Europe. 
He  taught  the  classes  in  belles-lettres,  political, 
moral  and  mental  philosophy,  and  with  his  as 
sistant,  George  W.  McGeehe,  and  two  tutors, 
conducted  the  university  for  several  years,  the 
faculty  being  afterward  increased  to  four  profes 
sors  and  three  tutors.  During  his  entire  admin 
istration,  he  gave  diplomas  to  only  410  graduates. 
He  resigned  in  May,  1850,  and  was  professor  of 
ecclesiastical  polity  and  biblical  archaeology  in 
the  New  Albany  Theological  seminary,  Ind.,  1850- 
53,  when  lie  resigned.  He  was  moderator  of  the 
Presbyterian  general  assembly  held  in  Philadel 
phia  in  1834,  and  a  commissioner  to  that  held  in 
Nashville,  Tenn.,  in  May,  1855.  He  received  the 
degree  of  D.D.  from  Dickinson  college  in  1823.  He 
was  married,  Oct.  14,  1813,  to  Margaret  Elizabeth, 
daughter  of  the  Hon.  Nathaniel  Lawrence,  at 
torney-general  of  the  state  of  New  York  ;  of 
their  sons,  John  Berrien  (q.v.)  was  chancellor  of 
the  University  of  Nashville,  and  Nathaniel  Law 
rence  (born  1816,  died  1868)  was  professor  in 
Cumberland  university,  Tenn.,  1844-50,  and  re 
ceived  the  degree  of  LL.D.  from  there  in  1859. 
His  first  wife  died  in  1845,  and  he  was  married 
secondly  in  1849  to  Mary  Ann  (Silliman)  Avers, 
widow  of  Elias  Ayers,  who  founded  the  New 
Albany  Theological  seminary,  and  daughter  of 
Major  William  Silliman,  of  Fail-field,  Conn.  He 
•was  elected  a  member  of  the  Northern  Society  of 
Antiquarians,  Copenhagen,  Denmark  in  1837.  He 
is  the  author  of  baccalaureate  addresses  and  ser 
mons,  which  were  collected  by  Dr.  Leroy  J. 
Halsey  and  published  in  Dr.  Lindsley's  Comjtlete 
Works  and  a  Biography  (3  vols.,  1868).  He  died 
in  Nashville,  Tenn.,  May  23,  1855. 

LINK,  Samuel  Albert,  educator,  was  born 
near  Lebanon,  Term.,  July  10,  1848  ;  son  of  Wil 
liam  B.  and  Amanda  (Randolph)  Link,  and 
grandson  of  Jonas  A.  and  Katharine  (Newman) 
Link  and  of  Peyton  Washington  and  Maigery 
(Tucker)  Randolph.  He  attended  the  Oak  Plain 
academy,  Montgomery  county,  Tenn..  and  was 
graduated  from  Ewing  college,  A.B.,  1874,  A.M., 
1877.  He  was  married  in  August,  1875,  to  Sallie 
A.  Deboe,  of  Kentucky,  who  died  in  1892.  He 
was  professor  of  Latin  and  English  at  Ewing  col 
lege,  1874-75  ;  was  given  charge  of  the  training 
school  near  Clarksville,  Tenn.,  in  1886  ;  was  super 
intendent  of  the  Tennessee  School  for  the  Blind, 
Nashville,  1886-93  ;  president  of  the  Tennessee 
Female  college  at  Franklin,  Tenn.,  1893-95,  and 
was  appointed  teacher  of  Latin  in  the  Nashville 
High  school  in  1895.  He  was  elected  a  member 
of  the  Tennessee  Historical  society  in  1889,  and 
subsequently  a  member  of  the  Modern  Language 
association.  He  is  the  author  of  Pioneers  of 
Southern  Literature  (2  vols.,  1899-1900).  and  con 
tributions  to  periodicals. 


LINN 


LINN 


LINN,  James,  representative,  was  bom  in 
Somerset  county,  N.  J.,  in  1750;  son  of  Judge 
Alexander  Linn.  He  was  graduated  at  the  Col 
lege  of  New  Jersey,  A.  B..  1769,  A.  M.,  1772.  lie 
studied  law  ;  was  appointed  1st  major  in  Colonel 
Sterling's  1st  regiment  of  Somerset  militia,  Feb. 
3.  1770  ;  was  deputy  from  Somerset  county  to  the 
slate  legislature  in  1776,  and  resigned  his  commis 
sion  as  lieutenant-colonel  in  the  ir.ilitia,  June  28, 
1781.  He  practised  law  in  Trenton,  N.J.  :  was  a 
member  of  the  state  legislature,  1793-97  :  a  Dem 
ocratic  representative  from  New  Jersey  in  the 
6th  congress,  1799-1801,  and  gave  the  casting 
vote  of  the  New  Jersey  delegation  for  Thomas 
Jefferson  for  President  in  1801.  He  was  super 
visor  of  revenue  by  appointment  of  Jefferson, 
1801-05,  and  secretary  of  state  for  New  Jersey, 
1805-20.  He  diet',  in  Trenton,  N.J.,  Dec.  29,  1820. 

LINN,  John,  representative,  was  born  in  Hard- 
wick  township,  Warren  county,  N.J.,  Dec.  3. 
1763  ;  son  of  Joseph  and  Martha  (Kilpatrick) 
Linn.  Hiy  father  removed  to  Sussex  county  and 
established  a  farm  which  he  called  "Harmony 
Vale."  He  was  married  May  19,  1791,  to  Martha 
Hunt,  and  had  fourteen  children.  He  was  a  judge 
of  the  court  of  common  pleas,  1805-21,  and  a  rep 
resentative  from  Sussex  county,  N.J.,  in  the  15th 
and  16th  congresses,  1817-21.  He  died  in  Wash 
ington,  D.C..  Jan.  5, 1821. 

LINN,  John  Blair,  clergyman,  was  born  in 
Shippensburg,  Pa. ,  March  14,1777;  son  of  the 
Rev.  William  and  Rebecca  (Blair)  Linn.  He 
was  graduated  from  Columbia  college,  A.B., 
1795,  A.M.,  1797,  and  received  the  honorary  degree 
of  A.M.  from  Union  college  in  1797.  He  studied 
law  in  the  office  of  Alexander  Hamilton,  and 
while  in  New  York  city  wrote  an  unsuccessful 
drama  "  Bourville  Castle,  or  the  Gallic  Orphan." 
(1796).  He  studied  theology  with  the  Rev.  Dr. 
Theodoric  Romeyn  (q.v.)  of  the  Dutch  Reformed 
church  in  Schenectady,  N.Y.,  where  he  had  his 
first  charge,  being  licensed  to  preach  in  1797.  He 
became  an  associate  pastor  in  the  First  Presbyte 
rian  church,  Philadelphia,  in  1799.  He  was  mar 
ried  in  1799  to  Esther  Bailey,  daughter  of  Col. 
John  Bailey  of  Poughkeepsie,  N.Y.  The  Uni 
versity  of  Pennsylvania  gave  him  the  honorary 
degree  of  D.D.  in  1803.  Besides  two  volumes  of 
miscellanies  (1798),  he  is  the  author  of  poems: 
The.  Death  of  Waslruiytoii (1800);  The.  Power  of 
Genius  (1801);  Sermon  on  the  Death  of  Dr.  Eiuing  ; 
H<']>li/  to  Dr.  Priestley's  Comparison  between  Soc 
rates  and  Christ  (1803):  and  Valerian,  an  in 
complete  poem  published  posthumously  by  his 
brother-in-law.  Charles  Brockden  Brown  (1805). 
lie  dVd  in  Philadelphia,  Pa,,  Aug.  30,  1804. 

LINN,  John  Blair,  editor,  was  born  at  Lewis- 
burg,  Pa..  Oct.  15.  1831  ;  son  of  John  F.  aiid 
Margaret  Irvine  (Wilson)  Linn  ;  grandson  of  John 


Blair  Linn  of  Plattsburg.  N.Y.,  and  grand-nephew 
of  the  Rev.  William  Linn.  He  was  graduated  at 
Marshall  college,  Pa.,  A.B.,  1848,  A.M..  1853,  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1851.  He  was  district 
attorney  of  Sullivan  county.  1852-53,  and  prac 
tised  law  in  Lewisburg,  1854-62.  He  served  as  1st 
lieutenant.  51st  Pennsylvania  regiment,  Col.  John 
F.  Hartranft,  1862-63,  practised  law  in  Lewis- 
burg,  1863-71,  and  in  Bel lefonte,  Centre  county, 
1871-73.  He  was  deputy  secretary  of  the  com 
monwealth,  1873-78,  and  secretary  of  the  com 
monwealth,  1878-79.  He  was  married  Oct.  22, 
1857,  to  Julia  J.,  daughter  of  F.  W.  Pollock  of 
Milton,  Pa.,  and  secondly  Nov.  21,  1867,  to  Mary  E. 
D.,  daughter  of  Hunter  Wilson,  of  Centre  county. 
He  is  the  author  of :  Annals  of  Buffalo  Vtilley 
(1877);  and  History  of  Centre  and  Clinton  Coun 
ties  ( \  883) .  He  edited  Duke  of  York's  Lau-s  HJ72- 
$2  and  Lau's  of  the  Province  1<>82-1700  (1879) ;  with 
Dr.  W.  H.  Egle,  Pennsylvania,  Archives,  2d  series, 
vols.  I.  to  XII.,  of  which  vols.  X.  and  XI.  con 
tain  History  of  the  Pennsylvania  Line  (1874-80). 
He  died  in  Bellefonte,  Pa.,  Jan.  1,  1899. 

LINN,  Lewis  Fields,  senator,  was  born  in 
Kentucky,  near  Louisville,  Nov.  5,  1795;  son  of 
-  and  Anne  Nancy  (Hunter)  Dodge  Linn, 
and  half-brother  of  Henry  Dodge  (q.v.),  by  whom 
he  was  educated,  his  parents  both  dying  in  1806. 
He  studied  medicine  in  Louisville  and  in  1816 
removed  to  Ste.  Genevieve,  Mo.  Ter.,  where  he 
practised  his  profession.  He  was  elected  to  the 
state  senate  in  1827  :  served  in  the  Black  Hawk 
war  under  Gen.  Henry  Dodge,  1831-32,  and  was  a 
member  of  the  commission  to  decide  the  disputed 
Missouri  land  titles,  and  he  voted  to  confirm  the 
French  and  Spanish  grants  in  .1833.  He  was  ap 
pointed  by  Governor  Dunklin,  U.S:  senator  in 
1833  to  till  the  vacancy  caused  by  the  death  of 
Senator  Alexander  Buckner,  and  was  twice 
elected  to  the  office,  serving  1833-43.  In  the  sen 
ate  he  favored  the  acquisition  and  colonization  of 
new  territory  and  was  the  author  of  the  Oregon 
bill  which  was  the  party  measure  of  the  Demo 
cratic  campaign  of  1844.  He  also  championed 
the  long  deferred  act  of  refunding  the  fine  im 
posed  by  Judge  Hall  on  General  Jackson  in  1815. 
He  died  in  Ste.  Genevieve.  Mo.,  Oct.  3,  1843. 

LINN,  William,  educator,  was  born  in  Ship 
pensburg,  Pa.,  Feb.  27.  1752  ;  son  of  William  and 
Susanna  (Trimble)  Linn,  and  grandson  of  Wil 
liam  Linn,  who  with  his  son  William  came  from 
the  North  of  Ireland  in  1732,  and  settled  in  the 
township  of  Lurgan,  Cumberland  county.  Pa. 
William  3d  was  graduated  at  the  College  of  New 
Jersey.  A.B.,  1772,  A.M.,  1775;  studied  theology 
with  the  Rev.  Dr.  Robert  Cooper,  and  was  chap 
lain  of  the  5th  and  6th  battalions,  Continental 
army.  He  was  pastor  of  the  Presbyterian  church, 
Big  Spring  (Newville).  Pa.,  1777-84:  at  Eliza- 


[77] 


LINN 


LINSLY 


bethtown,  N.J.,  1784-85;  of  the  Collegiate  Dutch 
Reformed  church,  New  York  city,  1787-1805  ; 
president  pro  tempore  of  Rutgers  college,  1791-94  , 
and  trustee,  1787-1808  ;  regent  of  the  University 
of  the  State  of  New  York,  1787-1808  ;  chaplain  of 


the  house  of  representatives,  1st  congress,  1789- 
91,  and  was  elected  president  of  Union  college, 
Schenectady,  N.Y.,  in  1804,  but  not  inaugurated. 
He  received  the  degree  of  D.D.  from  the  College 
of  New  Jersey,  in  1789.  He  was  married  first  to 
Rebecca,  daughter  of  the  Rev.  John  Blair,  vice- 
president  of  the  College  of  New  Jersey  ;  secondly 
to  Mrs.  Catherine  Moore,  widow  of  Dr.  Moore,  of 
New  York  city,  and  thirdly  to  Helen  Hanson. 
He  is  the  author  of  :  Sermons  (1791) ;  Signs  of  the 
Times  (1794);  Funeral  Eulogy  on  Washington 
(1800) ;  and  Sermon  on  Death  of  Alexander  Hamil 
ton  (1804).  He  died  in  Albany,  N.Y.,  Jan.  8,  1808. 

LINN,  William,  author,  was  born  in  New 
York  city,  Aug.  31,  1790;  son  of  the  Rev.  Wil 
liam  (1752-1803)  and  Rebecca  (Blair)  Linn.  He 
was  a  student  at  Union  college  in  the  class  of 
1808,  and  became  a  lawyer  at  Ithaca,  N.Y.  He 
was  married  to  Mary  A.  Biers.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  :  Life  of  Thomas  Jefferson  (1834);  Roor- 
bach  Papers  (1844);  Legal  and  Commercial  Com 
monplace  Book  (1850).  He  died  in  Ithaca,  N.Y., 
Jan.  14,  1867. 

LINNEY,  Romulus  Z.,  representative,  was 
born  in  Rutherford  county,  N.C.,  Dec.  26,  1841. 
He  attended  York's  Collegiate  Institute  and  Dr. 
Milieu's  school  at  Taylorsville,  N.C.  He  served 
as  a  private  in  the  Confederate  States  army, 
1861-63,  and  Avas  severely  wounded  in  the  battle 
of  Chancellorsville.  He  returned  to  Taylorsville 
and  continued  his  studies  under  Dr.  Milieu, 
studied  law  with  Judge  Armfield,  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  1868  and  practised  in  Taylorsville. 
He  was  elected  state  senator  in  1870,  1873  and 
in  1882,  and  was  a  Republican  representative 
from  the  eighth  district  of  North  Carolina  in  the 
54th,  55th  and  56th  congresses,  1805-1901. 

LINSLEY,  James  Harvey,  naturalist,  was 
born  in  North  Branford,  Conn.,  May  5,  1787; 
son  of  James  and  Sarah  (Maltby)  Lin.sley,  and  a 


descendant  of  John  Lindsley,  orLinle,  Branford, 
Conn.,  1640.  He  went  south  in  1809 as  a  teacher, 
and  subsequently  taught  in  Cheshire.  He  was 
graduated  at  Yale,  A.B.,  1817,  A.M.,  1820,  and 
was  principal  of  an  academy  at  Canaan,  1817-20. 
He  was  married  in  1821  to  Sophia  B.,  daughter 
of  Col.  William  Lyon,  of  New  Haven.  Conn.  He 
conducted  a  private  school  in  Stratford,  1821-31  ; 
was  ordained  to  the  Baptist  ministry  in  1831  ; 
was  an  evangelist  at  Meridan  ;  pastor  at  Milford, 
Bridgeport  and  Stratford,  1832-36  ;  delegate  to 
the  triennial  convention  at  Richmond,  Va.,  and 
travelled  in  Florida  for  his  health  and  devoted 
himself  to  the  study  of  natural  history.  He  dis 
covered  species  of  mammalia  never  before  found 
in  New  England,  numerous  birds  unknown  to 
Wilson,  amphibia  and  reptiles  theretofore  un 
known,  and  many  new  species  of  shells.  He 
was  elected  a  member  of  the  Yale  Natural  His 
tory  society,  of  the  Connecticut  Academy  of  Arts 
and  Sciences,  of  the  Hartford  Natural  History 
society,  and  of  the  Boston  Society  of  Natural  His 
tory.  He  is  the  author  of :  Catalogues  of  the 
Mammalia  of  Connecticut,  and  Catalogue  of  the 
Birds,  Fishes  and  Reptiles  of  Connecticut,  icith 
Notes.  He  died  in  Stratford,  Conn..  Dec.  26,  1843. 

LINSLEY,  Joel  Harvey,  educator,  was  born 
in  Cornwall,  Vt.,  July  16,  1790  ;  son  of  Judge  Joel 
Linsley,  a  native  of  Woodbury,  Conn.,  who  re 
moved  to  Vermont  in  1775.  He  was  graduated 
at  Middlebury  college,  A.B.,  1811,  A.M.,  1814; 
taught  school  in  Winsor,  Vt., 
1811-12  ;  tutored  at  Middle- 
bury,  1813-15  ;  was  adinitted 
to  the  bar  in  1815  and  prac 
tised  in  Middlebury,  Vt.,  18- 
15-21.  He  was  a  resident 
licentiate  at  Andover  Theo 
logical  seminary,  1821-22;  a 
missionary  in  South  Carolina,  1823-24  ;  was  or 
dained  to  the  Congregational  ministry,  Feb.  25, 
1824  ;  pastor  of  the  South  church,  Hartford,  18- 
24-32  ;  the  Park  Street  church,  Boston,  1832-35; 
the  first  president  of  Marietta  college,  Ohio  ; 
trustee  and  president  of  the  board,  and  professor 
of  moral  and  intellectual  philosophy,  1835-46, 
and  pastor  of  the  Second  church,  Greenwich, 
Conn.,  1846-68.  He  raised  a  large  endowment 
for  Marietta,  and  served  as  agent  of  the  Society 
for  the  Aid  of  Western  colleges.  He  was  a  cor 
porate  member  of  the  A.B.C.F.M.,  1843-68,  and  a 
fellow  of  Yale.  1864-68.  He  received  the  honora 
ry  degree  of  D.D.  from  Middlebnry  in  1837.  He 
is  the  author  of  Lectures  to  the  Middle  Aged. 
He  died  at  Greenwich.  Conn.,  March  22,  1868. 

LINSLY,  Jared,  physician,  was  born  at  North 
Branford,  Conn.,  Oct.  30,  1803;  son  of  Josiah 
L.  and  Eunice  (Hall)  Linsly  and  a  descendant  of 
John  Linle.  Branford,  Conn.,  1640.  He  was 


[78] 


JJXTXER 


graduated  at  Yale,  A.B.,  1826,  A.M.,  1829,  and  at 
the  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  New 
York  city,  M.D.,  1829.  He  was  intern  in  the 
New  York  hospital,  1829-31  ;  physician  to  a 
cholera  hospital,  1832,  and  practised  in  partner 
ship  with  Dr.  William  Minor,  1S32-34,  Dr.  Wil 
liam  Baldwin.  18:34-41,  and  alone,  1841-86.  He 
was  married  in  1834  to  Catharine  Fisher  Bald 
win,  of  New  York  city.  He  retired  to  his  home 
stead  at  Northford,  Conn.,  in  1836.  In  1853, 
with  his  wife,  he  was  a  guest  of  Commodore 
Vanderbilt  on  the  steam  yacht  North  Star,  visit 
ing  England,  Russia  and  the  Mediterranean 
ports.  He  established  the  Noah  and  Jared  Linsly 
Fund  for  supplying  books  to  Yale  college  library, 
in  memory  of  his  uncle,  Noah  Linsly  (Yale,  A.B., 
1791.  A.M.,  1794,  and  Williams,  1795;  who  is  said 
to  have  founded  the  first  free  school  in  a  slave 
state,  and  who  died  in  1814).  Dr.  Jared  Linsly 
was  a  trustee  of  the  College  of  Physicians  and 
Surgeons,  one  of  the  managers  of  the  Ophthalmic 
and  Aural  institute,  and  held  other  offices.  He 
was  also  a  member  of  prominent  medical  socie 
ties.  He  died  in  Northford,  Conn..  July  12,  1887. 
I.INTNER,  Joseph  Albert,  entomologist,  was 
born  in  Schoharie,  N.Y..  Feb.  8.  1822  ;  son  of  the 
Rev.  George  Ames  and  Maria  (Waggoner)  Lint- 
uer  ;  and  grandson  of  George  Lintner,  who  came 
from  Bavaria,  Germany,  and  settled  in  Minden, 
N.Y.,  in  1766.  He  was  graduated  from  the  Scho 
harie  academy  in  1837  :  engaged  in  mercantile 
pursuits  in  New  York  city,  1837-48,  and  in  Scho 
harie,  N.Y.,  1848-60;  and  as  a  manufacturer  of 
woollen  goods  in  Utica,  N.Y.,  1860-67.  In  1848 
he  began  to  study  entomology,  and  to  collect 
insects.  He  was  married,  Oct.  2.  1856,  to  Frances 
C.,  daughter  of  Holmes  Hutchinson  of  Utica, 
N.Y.  He  was  assistant  zoologist  in  the  New 
York  state  museum  at  Albany.  1867-79  ;  presi 
dent  of  the  department  of  natural  science  in  the 
Albany  Institute,  1879-98  ;  was  appointed  state 
entomologist  in  1880,  and  was  re-appointed  in 
1881  under  an  act  of  the  legislature  establishing 
the  office  permanently.  He  became  a  member 
of  the  scientific  statf  of  the  New  York  state 
museum  of  natural  history  in  1883,  and  went  to 
Europe  in  the  latter  part  of  1897.  He  was  a 
member  or  president  of  the  principal  scientific 
societies  of  America  and  Europe.  The  discovery 
of  the  clover  midget  and  the  clover  beetle  in  New 
York  state  is  credited  to  him.  He  received  the 
degree  of  Ph.D.  from  the  regents  of  the  Univer 
sity  of  the  State  of  New  York  in  1884.  He  is 
the  author  of  over  400  papers,  published  in  Amer 
ican  and  European  scientific  journals ;  and  offi 
cially  published  thirteen  annual  reports  on  the 
Injurious  and  Other  Insects  of  the  State  of  New 
York  (1883-85)  ;  Report  of  the  State  Entomologist 
(1883).  He  died  in  Rome,  Italy,  May  5,  1898. 


LINTON,  Edwin,  naturalist,  was  born  in  East 
Bethlehem,  Pa.,  March  14,  1855;  son  of  Joseph 
and  Naomi  (Harry)  Linton  ;  grandson  of  Mahlon 
and  Anne  (Hilles)  Linton  and  of  Lewis  and 
Maria  (Griffith)  Harry  and  a  descendant  of  John 
Linton,  a  Quaker,  who  emigrated  from  England 
in  or  about  1682.  He  was  graduated  at  Wash 
ington  and  Jefferson  college  in  1879  ;  was  tutor 
of  mathematics  there  1879-81  ;  post-graduate 
student  at  Yale,  1881-82,  and  in  1882  became 
professor  of  geology  and  biology  in  "Washington 
and  Jefferson  college.  He  was  married,  July  5, 
1885,  to  Margaret  McKnight,  daughter  of  Dr. 
James  Irwin  and  Eleanor  (Acheson)  Brownson. 
He  was  elected  to  membership  in  the  Academy 
of  Science  and  Art,  Pittsburg,  Pa.,  in  1890  and 
in  the  American  Society  of  Naturalists  in  1892. 
He  received  the  degree  of  Ph.D.  from  Yale  in 
1890.  He  wrote  numerous  papers  mainly  on 
entozoa,  published  in  the  Reports  and  Bulletins 
of  the  U.S.  Fish  commission  and  in  the  Proceed 
ings  of  the  U.S.  National  museum.  He  was 
awarded  a  diploma  and  a  silver  medal  at  the 
International  Exposition,  Paris,  1900. 

LINTON,  William  James,  engraver,  was  born 
in  London,  England.  Dec.  7,  1812.  He  learned  to 
draw  and  engrave  on  wood,  ami  he  established 
himself  in  that  profession  in  London,  and  in  1842 
was  employed  on  the  London  Illustrated  News. 
lie  was  a  zealous 
Chartist  and  inti 
mately  acquainted 
with  the  chief  politi 
cal  refugees.  In  18- 
48  he  was  deputed 
witli  J.  D.  Collett 
and  Mazzini  to  carry 
to  the  provisional 
government  at  Paris 
the  congratulatory 
address  from  English 
workmen.  He  was 
one  of  the  founders 
of  the  London  Lead 
er  in  18-19,  and  soon 
after  undertook  the 

most  important  journalistic  work  of  his 
the  editing  and  publication  of  the  English  Repub 
lic,  which  he  continued,  1850-52.  He  managed  and 
edited  Pen  and  Pencil  in  1855,  and  was  for  several 
years  a  regular  poetical  contributor  to  the  Nation. 
He  was  married  in  1888  to  Eliza  Lynn,  daughter 
of  an  English  clergyman,  and  the  author  of  many 
novels.  He  was  legally  separated  from  his  wife 
in  1867.  He  came  to  New  York  city  in  1867,  and 
subsequently  settled  in  New  Haven,  Conn.,  where 
he  established  a  large  engraving  business  known 
as  the  Appledore  Press.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  American  Societv  of  Painters  in  Water 


life, 


[79] 


LIN  TON 


LIPPINCOTT 


Colors,  an  associate  of  the  National  Academy  of 
Design,  and  a  member  of  the  Grolier  club  and 
the  Century  association.  He  received  the  honor 
ary  degree  of  A.M.  from  Yale  in  1891.  lie  illus 
trated  :  "The  History  of  Wood  Engraving,"  Illus 
trated  London  News  (1840-47);  %t  Works  of  the  De 
ceased  British  Painters,"  London  Art  Union  (1800); 
J.  G.  Holland's  "  Katrina"  (1809),  and  Bryant's 
"  Flood  of  Years  "  and  "  Thanatopsis  "(1878).  He 
is  the  author  of  :  Clai-ilx-l  and  Other  Poems  (1805); 
Tlie  Flower  and  Star,  \vliicli  he  illustrated  and 
engraved  (1878)  ;  Soim'  Practical  Hints  on  Wood 
Engraving  (1879);  History  of  Wood  Engraving  in, 
America  (1882) ;  A  Manual  of  Wood  Engraving 
(1884,  3d  ed.,  1887):  The  Masters  of  Wood  En- 
y raring  (1889);  Poem*  and  Translations  (1889); 
Life  of  Wluttier  (1893);  Reminiscences  (1895). 
He  also  edited  Rare  Poems  of  the  Sixteenth  and 
Seventeenth  Centuries  (1882),  and  English  Verse, 
with  Richard  II.  Stoddard  (5  vols.,  1883).  He 
died  in  New  Haven,  Conn.,  Dec.  29,  1897. 

LINTON,  William  Seelye,  representative,  was 
born  at  St.  Clair.  Mich..  Feb.  4,  1850;  son  of 
Aaron  and  Sarah  (McDonald)  Lintori  ;  grandson 
of  Joseph  Winder  and  Rebecca  (Seelye)  Linton, 
and  a  descendant  of  John  Linton,  of  Bucks 
county,  Pa.,  who  landed  in  Philadelphia  about 
1092.  His  parents  removed  to  Saginaw,  Mich., 
in  1800,  where  he  received  a  public  school  educa 
tion.  He  was  employed  as  a  clerk  in  a  general 
store  at  Farwell.  Mich.,  in  1871,  and  subse 
quently  became  manager  of  his  father's  saw-mill 
and  lumber  yard  at  Farwell.  He  engaged  in  the 
lumber  business  at  Jonesville,  Mich.,  and  after 
ward  as  a  bookkeeper  to  lumber  dealers  in  Sagi 
naw,  and  was  lumber  inspector  in  the  saw  mills 
along  the  Saginaw  river.  In  1877  he  became 
superintendent  of  a  lumbering  industry  at  Wells, 
Delta  county,  Mich.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
board  of  supervisors  of  Bay  county  for  two  terms  ; 
engaged  in  the  salt  and  lumber  business  at  Sagi 
naw  in  1879  :  was  a  member  of  the  East  Saginaw 
common  council,  1883-87  :  a  representative  in 
the  state  legislature,  1887-88  ;  candidate  for  lieu- 
tenant-governor  on  the  Republican  ticket  in  1890  : 
mayor  of  Saginaw,  1892-94,  and  a  Republican 
representative  from  the  eighth  district  of  Michi 
gan  in  the  53d  and  54th  congresses.  1893-97.  In 
congress  lie  successfully  opposed  the  appropria 
tions  of  public  moneys  tor  sectarian  purposes. 
He  was  appointed  postmaster  of  Saginaw  in 
1897;  elected  president  of  the  Michigan  Associa 
tion  of  Postmasters  the  same  year,  and  president 
of  the  Michigan  State  League  of  Building  and 
Loan  associations  in  1891 . 

LIPPINCOTT,  James  Starr,  agriculturist,  was 
born  in  Philadelphia.  Pa.,  April  12,  1819:  son  of 
John  and  Sarah  West  (Starr)  Lippincott.  He 
attended  Haverford  college,  Pa.,  1834-35,  and 


then  devoted  himself  to  teaching.  He  was  a  dele 
gate  to  the  World's  Peace  Conference,  Frankfort, 
Germany,  1850.  He  devoted  himself  to  scientific 
farming  in  Haddonlield,  N.J.,  1850-08,  and  pa 
tented  a  "  vapor  index  ''  for  measuring  the  degree 
of  moisture  in  the  air,  which  was  adopted  by  the 
Smithsonian  Institution.  He  was  married  in  1857 
to  Susan  Haworth  Ecroyd,  anil  secondly  in  1881 
to  Anne  E.  Sheppard.  He  compiled  :  The,  Lippin- 
cotts  of  England  and  America,  published  after  his 
death  ;  a  Catalogue  of  the  Books  belonging  to  the 
Library  of  tlie  Four  Monthly  Meetings  of  Friends 
of  Philadelphia  (1853);  edited  the  revised  edition 
of  Chambers's Encyclopaedia  (1870-71):  ami  is  the 
author  of  six  articles  in  the  reports  of  the  U.S. 
Department  of  Agriculture,  Washington  (1802- 
07),  and  of  contributions  to  the  Gardeners 
Monthly  and  other  agricultural  periodicals.  He 
died  in  Greenwich,  N.J.,  March  17,  1885. 

LIPPINCOTT,  Joshua  Allan,  educator,  was 
born  in  Burlington  county,  N.J.,  Jan.  31,  1835; 
son  of  Crispin  and  Elizabeth  Ann  (Garwood) 
Lippincott  ;  grandson  of  Joshua  and  Ann  (Cris 
pin)  Lippincott,  and  of  Samuel  and  Ann  (Crock- 
ford)  Garwood,  and  a  descendant  of  Richard  and 
Abigail  Lippincott,  who  came  from  Devonshire, 
England,  to  Boston,  Massachusetts  Bay  colony, 
in  1039,  but  being  Quakers,  returned  and  resided 
at  Plymouth,  England,  until  1003,  when  they 
came  back  to  America,  making  their  home  in 
Rhode  Island  until  1009,  and  after  that  time 
in  Shrewsbury,  N.J.  Joshua  Allan  Lippincott 
was  graduated  at  Dickinson  college,  Carlisle, 
Pa.,  in  1858.  He  was  an  instructor  in  mathe 
matics  in  Pennington  seminary,  N.J.,  1858-02  ; 
principal  of  the  high  school,  Scranton,  Pa.,  and 
superintendent  of  the  Scranton  public;  schools, 
1802-05.  He  was  married,  Dec.  24,  1802,  to  Harriet, 
daughter  of  the  Rev.  Joseph  Barlow  of  Scranton, 
Pa.  He  was  professor  of  mathematics  in  Dick 
inson  college,  1874-83  ;  chancellor  of  the  Univer 
sity  of  Kansas,  1883-89  ;  pastor  of  the  First 
Methodist  Episcopal  church  in  Topeka,  Kan., 
1889-92,  and  of  the  Arch  Street  church.  Phila 
delphia,  Pa.,  1892-90,  and  in  isiHi  became  cor 
responding  secretary  of  the  M.E.  hospital  in 
Philadelphia.  He  received  the  degree  of  D.D. 
from  Franklin  and  Marshall  college  in  1882,  and 
that  of  LL.D.  from  the  University  of  Michigan 
in  1887. 

LIPPINCOTT,  Joshua  Ballinger,  publisher, 
was  born  in  Julinstown,  N.J.,  March  18,1813; 
son  of  Jacob  and  Sarah  (Ballinger)  Lippincott; 
grandson  of  Levi  Lippincott:  great-grandson  of 
Jonathan  Lippincott,  great--grandson  of  James 
Lippincott,  greats-grandson  of  Restore  and  Han 
nah  (Shattuck)  Lippincott  and  great-grandson 
of  Richard  and  Abigail  Lippincott.  In  1N24  lie 
went  to  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  where  he  was  a  clerk 


[80] 


LIPP1NCOTT 


LIPPINCOTT 


in  Clark's  bookstore,  1837-31,  and  was  manager 
of  tlie  business,  1881-30.  In  1836  lie  founded  the 
publishing  house  of  J.  B.  Lippincott  &  Co.  lie 
was  married,  Oct.  16,  184"),  to  Josephine,  daughter 
of  St'th  Craigie  of  Philadelphia.  In  1849  he 
bought  the  stock  of  Grigg,  Elliot  &  Co.,  then  the 
largest  book  jobbing  house  in  the  United  States, 
and  in  1850  he  formed  the  partnership  firm  of 
Lippincott,  Gram  bo  &  Co.,  and  on  June  80,  1855, 
that  of  J.  B.  Lippincott  &  Co.  In  1855  they 
published  Lippincott's  Pronouncing  Gazetteer  of 
tJie  World  ;  in  18G8  Lippincott's  Magazine  was 
established  and  soon  after  the  Medical  Times,  and 
subsequently  The  Biographical  Dictionary,  Alli- 
bone's  Dictionary  of  Authors,  the  American  edi 
tion  of  Cliambers's  Encyclopaedia,  and  other  im 
portant  works.  Mr.  Lippincott  was  a  director 
of  the  Pennsylvania  Academy  of  Fine  Arts,  and 
a  trustee  of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  187(5- 
85.  He  died  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Jan.  5,  1886. 

LIPPINCOTT,  Sara  Jane,  author,  was  born  in 
Pompey,  N.Y.,  Sept.  28,  1828;  daughter  of  Dr. 
Thaddeus  and  Deborah  (Baker)  Clarke  of  Leb 
anon,  and  Brooklyn,  Conn.,  and  of  English  and 
Huguenot  ancestry.  She  was  educated  in  the 

High  school  of  Roch 
ester,    N.Y.,    and    in 

1843  removed    with 
her   parents    to   New 
Brighton,    Pa.       She 
wrote  at  an  early  age 
poems  which  appear 
ed  in  newspapers  and 
magazines   under  her 
own     name,     and   in 

1844  she    became    a 
regular      contributor 
to  the  Neil'  York  Mir 
ror    under    the    pen 
name       of       ''  Grace 
Greenwood."          She 
was  afterward   a  fre 
quent  contributor  to  the  Home  Journal,  the  Na 
tional  Era,  Godey's  Ladies'  Book  and  Graham's 
Magazine,  and  to  the  Saturday  Evening  Post.     As 
the  correspondent  of  the  National  Era  and.  Satur 
day  Evening  Post  she  resided  in  Europe,  1852-53. 
On  her    return  she  was  married   to  Leander  K. 
Lippincott  of  Philadelphia,  and  with  him  estab 
lished  The  Little   J'ilgrim,  which  she  edited  for 
twelve  years.     During  the  civil  war  she  engaged 
as  a   public;  lecturer  and  reader  to  raise  money 
for  the  disabled   soldiers  and   their  families,  also 
visiting  and  reading  to  the  soldiers  in  camp  and 
hospital.     She    served   as   a   special  Washington 
correspondent  for  the  New  York  Tribune  during 
the  Grant  administrations,  and  for  several  years 
later  filled  a  similar  position  on  the  New  York 
Times — writing  from  Washington,  Chicago,  Col 


orado,  Utah  and  many  points  on  the  Pacific 
coast.  She  then  sent  two  series  of  letters  from 
Europe.  She  contributed  to  several  English  jour 
nals  and  periodicals,  including  the  Household 
Words  and  All  the  Year  Round  of  Charles  Dick 
ens,  who  was  her  personal  friend.  Mrs.  Lippincott 
resided  in  New  York  city,  1888-92.  and  in  Wash 
ington,  D.C.,  1892-1900.  She  is  the  author  of: 
Greemcood  Leaves  (1850);  History  of  my  Pets 
(1850);  Poems  (1851);  Recollections  of  my  Child 
hood  (1851 ) ;  Haps  and  Mislia2is  of  a  Tour  in  Eu 
rope  (1854) ;  Merrie  England  (1855);  Forest  Trag 
edy  and  OtJter  Tales  (1856);  Stories  and  Legends 
of  Travel  (1858);  History  for  Children  (1858); 
Stories  from  Famous  Ballads  (1860) ;  Stories  of 
Many  Lands  (1867) ;  Stories  and  Sightsin  France 
and  Italy  (1868);  Records  of  Five  Years  (1868); 
New  Life  in  New  Lands  ( 1873) ;  Heads  and  Tails 
(1874);  Victoria,  Queen  of  England  (1884);  Stories 
for  Home  Folks  (1885);  and  Stories  and  Sketches 
(1893).  Her  Washington  political  correspond 
ence,  and  letters  from  European  capitals,  which 
she  pronounced  her  best  literary  work,  were  not 
republished,  and  her  popular  lectures  never 
appeared  in  print. 

LIPPINCOTT,  William  Henry,  artist,  was 
born  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Dec.  6,  1849;  son  of 
Isaac  and  Emily  (Hoover)  Lippincott  ;  grandson  of 
Isaac  and  Sarah  (Widdifield)  Lippincott,  and  a 
descendant  of  Richard  and  Abigail  Lippincott, 
the  Quaker  immi 
grants.  He  was  edu 
cated  in  the  Friends 
private  school  in  Phil 
adelphia,  Pa.,  and 
studied  at  the  Penn- 
sylvania  Academy  of 
Fine  Arts.  He  es 
tablished  himself  as 
a  designer  of  illus 
trations  in  1866,  and 
was  a  scenic  painter 
in  Philadelphia  thea 
tres,  1870-74.  He 
studied  in  Paris  un 
der  Leon  Bonnat,  18- 
74-82,  devoting  him 
self  to  portraits  and  child  life,  and  exhibiting  reg 
ularly  at  the  Paris  Salon.  Returning  to  the 
United  States  in  1882,  he  established  a  studio  in 
New  York  city,  where  he  painted  portraits,  figure 
compositions  and  landscapes,  and  continued  his 
scenic  work  principally  in  connection  with  the 
Metropolitan  opera  house.  He  became  a  member 
of  the  American  Water  Color  society,  the  Society 
of  American  Etchers,  the  Salmagundi  club;  an 
associate  member  of  the  National  Academy  of 
Design  in  1884.  and  an  academician  in  1897.  He 
was  married,  June  20,  1893,  to  Amalia  (Wilson) 


[SI] 


LI  I 'PITT 


LIPPITT 


Chester,  daughter  of  Henry  and  Helen  Wilson 
and  the  widow  of  Stephen  Chester.  He  contri 
buted  to  American  Art  exhibitions,  to  the  Cen 
tennial  exhibition  of  1876,  and  the  Paris  Salon  of 
1878.  Among  his  important  paintings  are  :  The 
Diick'x  nreakfaxt,  Centennial  exhibition  (1876); 
Lolette.  Paris  Salon  (1878);  Tin- Little  Prince.  (1878) ; 
UnJonr  tie  Conge  (187!));  I 'Ink  of  Ohl  Fashion 
(1882);  Helena  (18S;5);  Infantry  in  Arms  (1887); 
Lores'  Aiiib'txli  (18!)0);  Pleasant  AV//<r//o».s-(1897) ; 
and  numerous  portraits. 

LIPPITT,  Charles  Warren,  governor  of  Rhode 
Island,  was  born  in  Providence.  R.I.,  Oct.  8,  1846  ; 
eldest  son  of  Governor  Henry  (q.v.)  and  Mary 
Ann  (Balcli)  Lippitt.  He  was  graduated  from 
Brown,  Ph.D.,  1865,  and  pursued  a  post-graduate 
course  with  private 
tutors  in  Cambridge, 
Mass.,  and  Provi 
dence.  After  trav 
elling  in  Europe  he 
joined  his  father  in 
1869  in  cotton  manu 
facturing.  He  was 
president  of  the 
Franklin  Lyceum, 
1875-7(5 ;  was  chief  of 
Governor  Lippitt's 
staff  with  the  rank  of 
colonel,  1875-77;  a 
member  of  the  Provi 
dence  board  of  trade, 
being  its  vice-presid 
ent,  1878-80  n7id  president,  1881-82  ;  was  elected 
vice-president  of  the  national  board  of  trade  in 
1880  ;and  held  various  other  positions  of  trust  and 
responsibility.  He  was  married,  in  February.  1886, 
to  Margaret  Barbara,  daughter  of  Alexander  and 
Charlotte  Barbara  (Ormsbee)  Farnum.  He  was 
chairman  of  the  Republican  state  convention, 
1894;  and  governor  of  the  state,  1895-96.  In  the 
Republican  national  convention  of  1896  he  re 
ceived  the  unanimous  support  of  the  delega 
tion  from  his  state  for  the  Vice-Presidential 
nomination.  He  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
Society  of  the  Cincinnati,  and  president  of  the 
Brown  University  Alumni  association.  He  deliv 
ered  notable  addresses  throughout  the  country, 
including  one  upon  the  tariff  before  the  Repub 
lican  club  of  New  York,  1896,  used  as  a  campaign 
document  ;  and  one  at  the  centennial  celebration 
of  the  settlement  of  Cleveland,  Ohio,  1896. 

LIPPITT,  Christopher,  soldier  and  pioneer 
manufacturer,  was  born  in  Cranston,  R.I.,  in  1744  ; 
son  of  Christopher  and  Catharine  (Holden)  Lip 
pitt  ;  grandson  of  Moses  and  Ann  Phillis(Whipple) 
Lippitt  and  of  Anthony  and  Phebe  (Rhodes)  Hoi- 
den  ;  great-grandson  of  Moses  and  Mary  (Knowles) 
Lippitt,  and  great'2-grandson  of  John  Lippitt,  who 


came  from  England  to  America  and  settled  on 
the  Providence  Plantations  in  1638.  He  attended 
the  country  school  ;  represented  his  town  in  the 
general  assembly,  1765-75  ;  and  was  captain  in 
the  militia  and  justice  of  the  peace,  1766-75.  In 
1775  he  was  appointed  lieutenant-colonel  in  com 
mand  of  the  minute-men,  who  when  Commodore 
Wallace  of  the  British  squadron  landed  his  mari 
nes  on  the  island  of  Prudence  and  burned  the 
houses,  removed  the  inhabitants  and  portable 
property  and  abandoned  the  island.  He  was 
commissioned  lieutenant-colonel,  Jan.  18,  1776, 
and  shortly  after,  colonel  of  a  volunteer  regiment 
of  infantry,  enlisted  by  the  general  assembly  for 
defending  the  state,  lie  was  stationed  at  New 
port  till  Sept.  15,  1776,  when  with  his  regiment  he 
joined  Washington's  army  at  Harlem  Heights, 
N.Y.  He  served  at  White  Plains,  Trenton  and 
Princeton,  and  went  into  winter  quarters  at  Mor- 
ristown.  He  was  brevetted  brigadier-general  by 
Washington,  and  in  January,  177i,  returned  with 
his  regiment  to  Rhode  Island,  where,  as  brigadier- 
general  of  the  militia  of  the  county  of  Provi 
dence,  he  led  the  state  force  in  the  battle  of  Rhode 
Island,  Aug.  29,  1778.  He  was  again  a  represent 
ative  in  the  general  assembly,  1778-1783  ;  declined 
to  serve  as  judge  of  the  superior  court  and  as 
delegate  to  congress,  and  favored  the  adoption  of 
the  Federal  constitution.  He  was  married,  March 
23,  1777,  to  Waite,  daughter  of  William  and 
Patience  (Clarke)  Harris;  she  died,  Sept.  8,  1836. 
They  had  twelve  children.  General  Lippitt  was 
an  early  member  of  the  Providence  Peace  Society. 
In  1807  he  supervised  the  building  of  the  Lippitt 
Mill  in  Warwick,  R.T.,  the  third  cotton  mill 
erected  in  the  state,  and  served  as  its  first  agent. 
See  Autobiographical  XL-etch  prepared  at  the 
request  of  the  R.I.  Historical  society  (1822).  He 
died  in  Cranston,  R.I.,  June  17,  1824. 

LIPPITT,    Henry,    governor  of   Rhode  Island. 
was  born  in  Providence.  R.I.,  Oct.  9,  1818  ;  son  of 
Warren  and  Eliza  (Seamans)  Lippitt;  grandson 
of  Charles  and    Penelope  (Low)  Lippitt   and   of 
Young   and  Mary    (Larcher) 
Seamans,  and  great-grandson      J^; 
of  Christopher  and  Catharine    ^VS^ 
(Holden)     Lippitt.     He     was  ^ .•'/.-• 
graduated    from    the    Kings- v^:    '.•     j  ^  y  4^5. 
ton,    R.I.,  academy,  and   en-   V^- ,    ._  '    J/^/\ 
tered  mercantile    business  in       *~iJ.''\- ••'•     '-^r 
Providence  in    1831.     He  was  ^vCv</^ 

married,  Dec.  16,  1845,  to  Mary  Ann.  eldest  daugh 
ter  of  Dr.  Joseph  and  Mary  Ann  (Bailey)  Balchof 
Providence.  In  1848  he  identified  himself  with  cot 
ton  manufacturing,  having  large  interests  in  mills 
in  Connecticut  and  Rhode  Island,  and  was  also 
prominently  connected  with  several  financial  and 
industrial  concerns.  In  1840  lie  reorganized  the 
Providence  Marine  Corps  of  Artillery,  served  in 


TV. 


LIP  PM  ANN 


LIPSCOMB 


tliis  body,  and  commanded  during  the  "  Dorr  war''      Georgetown.     He  entered  the  Methodist  ministry 


in  1842,  being  elected  lieutenant-colonel  of  the 
corps  in  1842  for  his  services.  In  1862  he  was 
commissioner  for  enrolling  and  drafting  the 
state's  quota  for  the  civil  war.  He  was  governor 
of  Rhode  Island,  1875-77.  He  died  in  Providence, 
R.I..  June  5.  1891. 

LIPPMANN,  Julie  flathilde,  author,  was  born 
in  Brooklyn.  N.Y..  June  27,  1864  ;  daughter  of 
Adolpli  and  Marie  Sophie  (Polk)  Lippmann, 
natives  of  Aix  la  Chapelle,  Prussia.  She  was 
educated  at  a  private  school  in  Brooklyn  and 
when  fourteen  began  to  write  for  the  Golden 
Aye,  Philadelphia,  in  both  prose  and  verse.  .She 
also  wrote  for  the  Youth's  Companion,  Century, 
Harper  s,  Atlantic  and  in  fact  most  of  the  lead 
ing  magazines  and  first  class  periodicals.  She  is 
the  author  of  :  Jock  O' Dream  a  (1891) ;  Miss  H7/f/- 
Jire  (1897):  Dorothy  Day  (1898),  and  comediettas  : 
A  Fool  and  His  Money  (1897)  ;  Cousin  Faithful 
(1897)  :  The  Facts  in  the  Case  (1897)  ;  Through 
Sluinbertoirn  and  Wakeland. 

LIPSCOMB,  Abner  Smith,  jurist,  was  born  in 
Abbeville,  S.C.,  Feb.  10,  1789;  son  of  Joel  and 
Elizabeth  (Childs)  Lipscomb.  His  father  was  a 
Revolutionary  officer,  and  both  parents  were 
natives  of  Culpeper  county,  Va.  He  studied  law 
with  John  C.  Calhoun  and  George  Bowie  at  Abbe 
ville.  S.C..  and  settled  in  the  practice  of  law  in  1811 
at  St.  Stephens  (Ala.),  at  that  time  in  Mississippi 
Territory.  He  served  as  captain  of  volunteers  in 
the  expedition  against  the  Indians  in  the  war 
of  1812.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Alabama  ter 
ritorial  legislature,  1817-19  ;  judge  of  the  supreme 
court  of  the  state  of  Alabama,  1820-24.  and  chief 
justice,  1824-35.  He  was  a  representative  from 
the  Mobile  district  in  the  Alabama  legislature. 
1838.  and  in  1839  lie  removed  to  Texas.  He  was 
secretary  of  the  republic  under  President  Lamar. 
1S39-41,  and  a  member  of  the  convention  of  1845 
that  accepted  the  terms  of  annexation  proposed 
by  the  United  States  and  framed  the  constitution 
of  the  state.  He  was  an  associate  justice  of  the 
supreme  court  of  the  state,  1846-57.  Lipscomb 
county,  Texas,  was  named  in  his  honor.  He 
received  the  honorary  degree  LL.D.  from  theUni- 
versity  of  Alabama  in  1834.  His  opinions  are  pub 
lished  in  Minor's,  Stewart's,  and  Stewart  and 
Porter's  reports,  and  in  ''Texas  Law  Reports  " 
Vols.  I.  to  XVII.  and  his  decisions  are  quoted  by 
the  supreme  courts  of  Iowa,  Massachusetts  and 
other  states  and  by  the  United  States  supreme 
court.  He  died  near  Austin.  Texas,  Dec.  3,  1857. 

LIPSCOMB,  Andrew  Adgate,  educator,  was 
born  in  Georgetown.  D.C.,  Sept.  6,  1816;  son  of 
the  Rev.  William  Oorrie  and  Phoebe  (Adgate) 
Lipscomb.  and  grandson  of  John  and  Elizabeth 
(Degge)  Lipscomb.  He  was  a  student  at  the  Mil 
itary  academy  and  at  a  classical  school  at 


in  1834  ;  was  pastor  in  Baltimore,  Md.,  Alex 
andria,  Va.,  and  in  Washington,  D.C..  1834-42, 
and  then  removed  to  Montgomery.  Ala.,  where 
he  was  elected  president  of  the  Alabama  con 
ference.  He  was  married  twice,  first  to  Blanche 
Henrietta  Richardson,  daughter  of  the  Rev.  Ben 
jamin  Richardson  of  Baltimore  ;  and  secondly  to 
Susan  Dowdell  of  Alabama.  Francis  Adgate, 
his  only  son  by  the  first  marriage,  was  adjunct 
professor  of  ancient  languages,  1869-72,  and  pro 
fessor  of  belles-lettres  and  rhetoric  in  the  Uni 
versity  of  Georgia,  1872-73.  and  died  in  1875. 
Owing  to  ill  health  Dr.  Lipscomb  established 
and  conducted  the  Metropolitan  Institute  for 
Young  Ladies  in  Montgomery,  Ala.,  which  was 
soon  after  destroyed  by  fire.  He  was  president 
of  the  Female  College  at  Tuskegee,  Ala.,  1857-59, 
and  chancellor  of  the  university  of  Georgia, 
1860-63  and  1866-74,  the  intervening  years  being 
years  of  war  during  which  the  university  was 
closed.  He  then  went  to  Vanderbilt  university, 
Nashville,  Tenn.,  where  he  was  professor  and 
professor  emeritus  of  philosophy  and  criticism, 
1875-80,  1880-90.  He  contributed  editorials  to 
Haider's  Magazine,  and  articles  regularly  for 
more  than  forty  years  to  the  Independent.  Metho 
dist  Recorder,  and  Christian  Advocate.  He  re 
ceived  the  honorary  degree  of  D.D.  from  the  Uni 
versity  of  Alabama  in  1851  and  that  of  LL.D.  from 
Emory  college  in  1853.  He  was  a  superior  Shaks- 
pearian  scholar  and  critic.  He  is  the  author  of  : 
Our  Country,  The  Social  Spirit  of  Christianity, 
Christian  Heroism,  Lessons  iu  the  Life  of  Saint 
Peter,  Studies  in  the  Forty  Days.  He  died  in 
At  liens,  Ga..  Nov.  23.  1890. 

LIPSCOMB,  flary  Ann  (Rutherford),  educator, 
was  born  in  Athens,  Ga..  Dec.  23,  1848  ;  daughter 
of  Williams  and  Laura  Battaille  (Cobb)  Ruther 
ford,  and  granddaughter  of  Williams  and  Eliza 
(Boykin)  Rutherford,  and  of  John  Addison  and 


[83] 


Sarah  Reed  (Rootes)  fobb.  She  entered  the 
Lucy  Cobb  Institute  in  1858,  and  completed  the 
course:  studied  under  professors  of  the  Univer 
sity  of  Georgia  :  received  special  instruction  in 
higher  mathematics  under  her  father  who  was 


LISCUM 


LISPENARD 


professor  of  mathematics  in  tlie  University 
of  Georgia.  1S56-8U.  and  emeritus  professor, 
1886-94:  and  special  instruction  in  Shakespeare 
under  Chancellor  Andrew  Adgate  Lipscomb 
(q.v.).  She  was  married  Jan.  14,  1869,  to  Fran 
cis  Adgate  Lipscomb,  professor  of  belles  letters 
and  rhetoric  in  the  University  of  Georgia, 
who  died  in  1875.  She  was  a  teacher  in 
the  Waverly  seminary,  Washington,  D.C., 
1876-79,  and  in  1879  declined  the  office  of 
principal  of  the  Lucy  Cobb  Institute,  which 
office  was  accepted  by  her  younger  sister  Mildred. 
She  returned  to  Georgia  in  1880  and  assisted  her 
sister  as  teacher  of  Shakespeare,  pyschology  and 
oratory  in  the  Lucy  Cobb  Institute,  assuming  the 
duties  of  principal  during  two  years  when  her 
sister  was  disabled.  She  was  elected  principal 
in  1894.  She  was  elected  a  member  or  officer  of 
various  patriotic,  religious,  and  other  organi 
zations. 

LISCUM,  Emerson  Hamilton,  soldier,  was 
born  in  Huntington,  Vt.,  July  16,  1841;  son  of 
John  and  Pliebe  (H:>  mi  Ron)  Liscmn  ;  grandson  of 
Peletiah  and  Sally  (Campbell)  Liscum,  and  a 
descendant  of  Captain  John  and  Rachel  (Day) 
Liscum  of  Glouces 
ter,  Mass.  Captain 
John  Liscum  was  born 
at  Gloucester,  April 
16,  1720  ;  son  of 
Peletiah  and  Ann 
(Bradley)  Liscum. 
The  family  removed 
to  Burlington,  where 
he  attended  school 
and  became  a  cor 
poral  in  the  "  How 
ard  Guards."  On 
May  2,  1861,  he  was 
mustered  for  three 
months'  service  in 
the  1st  Vermont  in 
fantry,  and  was  discharged  Aug.  15,  1861. 
He  enlisted  soon  after  in  the  12th  U.S.  infan 
try  and  was  promoted  2d  lieutenant,  Feb.  19, 
1863;  1st  lieiitenant,  May  4,1863;  captain  25th 
infantry,  July  28th,  1866  ;  major  22d  infantry, 
May  4.  1892  ;  lieutenant-colonel  24th  infantry, 
May  23,  1896,  and  colonel  of  the  9th  infantry, 
April  25,  1899.  His  battles  in  the  civil  war  in 
cluded  Big  Bethel,  Va.,  Juiie  10,  1861;  Cedar 
Mountain,  Va.,  Aug.  9,  1862,  where  he  was 
wounded;  Gettysburg,  Pa.,  July  1-3,  1863,  where 
he  was  severely  wounded  ;  Bethesda  church,  Va., 
May  30,  1864,  and  the  campaign  before  Richmond 
for  which  he  was  brevetted  captain.  Aug.  1.  1864. 
He  married  May  daughter  of  Gen.  A.  S.  Diven, 
(q.v.)  and  Amanda  (Beers)  Diven  of  Elmira,  X.Y. 
He  was  made  a  companion  of  the  Military  Order 


I*  6/i/Vvw-  — 


of  the  Loyal  Legion  of  the  United  States  in 
1891.  In  the  war  with  Spain  he  was  commis 
sioned  brigadier-general  of  volunteers,  July  12, 
1898,  and  was  honorably  discharged,  Dec.  13, 
1898,  after  service  in  Cuba  in  the  3d  brigade,  1st 
division,  5th  corps,  his  services  including  the 
battle  of  San  Juan  Hill,  July  1,  1898,  where  he 
commanded  the  brigade,  led  a  bayonet  charge 
and  was  wounded  and  sent  home,  but  returned 
to  duty  in  nine  months  for  service  in  the  Philip 
pines  in  command  of  the  9th  infantry.  On  July 
12,  1899,  he  was  appointed  brigadier-general  of 
U.S.  volunteers  and  was  assigned  to  the  com 
mand  of  the  1st  brigade,  2d  division,  8th  corps, 
at  Luzon  from  July  15,  1899,  relieving  General 
Funston,  and  again  from  Jan.  15,  1900,  relieving 
General  Wheeler.  When  the  troops  were  ordered 
to  China  in  June,  1900,  Colonel  Liscum's  regi 
ment,  1350  strong,  was  selected,  left  Manila  June 
27,  1900,  and  reached  Taku  July  9,  and  the  next 
day  was  placed  for  Tientsin,  reaching  the  walls 
of  the  city  on  July  13.  Colonel  Liscuni  had  just 
seized  the  colors  as  they  dropped  from  the  hands 
of  a  wounded  color  sergeant,  when  he  was  shot. 
His  last  words  were  :  "  Keep  up  a  hot  fire  into 
the  loop-holed  buildings — Do  not  retreat."  He 
died  at  Tientsin,  China,  July  13,  1900. 

LISPENARD,  Leonard,  merchant,  was  born 
in  New  York  city  in  1716  ;  grandson  of  Anthony 
Lispenard,  a  Huguenot  refugee,  who  came  to  New 
York  about  1650.  He  was  a  leading  New  York 
merchant,  an  assistant  alderman,  1750-55  ;  an 
alderman,  1756-62,  and  a  delegate  to  the  first 
provincial  congress  which  met  in  New  York 
Oct.  7,  1765.  He  was  a  member  of  the  New  York 
assembly,  1765-67  ;  a  colonel  of  the  New  York 
militia  by  a  commission  from  the  crown  ;  a 
treasurer  of  King's  college,  and  also  a  governor, 
1775-84.  He  was  one  of  the  city  committee  in 
1775,  a  member  of  the  provincial  convention,  and 
took  an  active  part  in  all  the  patriotic  proceed 
ings  just  before  the  Revolutionary  war.  When 
the  patriots  left  New  York,  however,  he  took  the 
oath  of  allegiance  and  was  re-instated  in  his 
office  of  governor  and  treasurer  of  King's  college. 
When  the  provincial  articles  of  peace  were 
signed  he  publicly  declared  himself  a  friend  to 
the  new  government,  and  even  took  part  in  the 
cruelties  inflicted  upon  the  loyalists  after  the 
evacuation  of  the  city  of  New  York.  He  was 
one  of  the  original  members  of  the  Society  of  the 
New  York  Hospital  and  one  of  its  governors, 
1770-77.  He  was  married  in  1741,  to  Alice, 
daughter  of  Anthony  Rutgers,  who  inherited  from 
her  father  a  third  of  the  extensive  grant  made 
to  him  by  George  HI.  Mr.  Lispenard  purchased 
adjacent  property  from  the  other  heirs  and 
the  whole  tract  became  the  Lispenard  Meadows. 
He  died  in  New  York  city,  Feb.  15,  1790. 


[84] 


LITCHFIELD 


LITTLE 


LITCHFIELD,     Elisha,     representative,     was 

born  in  Canterbury,  Conn.,  in  1795.  He  attended 
tlie  public  school,  and  learned  the  trade  of  a 
carpenter  and  joiner.  He  removed  to  Pompey. 
N.Y.,  in  1812  ;  was  a  member  of  the  New  York 
assembly  from  Onondaga  county  in  1819  ;  justice 
of  the  peace,  and  postmaster  for  several  years. 
He  abandoned  his  trade,  kept  a  country  store  and 
-a  hotel  ;  was  major  in  the  state  militia  and  a 
representative  in  the  17th  and  18th  congresses, 
1821-25.  He  was  a  member  of  the  state  assembly 
1832-34,  1844  and  1848,  and  speaker  in  1848.  He 
removed  to  Cazenovia,  N.Y.,  in  1838,  where  he 
died  Aug.  4,  1859. 

LITTAUER,  Lucius  Nathan,  representative, 
was  born  in  Gloversville,  N.Y.,  Jan.  20,  1859  ;  son 
•of  Nathan  and  Harriet  8.  Littauer.  He  removed 
to  New  York  city  in  18(55,  where  lie  attended 
Chartier  institute,  and  lie  was  graduated  from 
Harvard  in  1878.  He  engaged  in  glove-manu 
facturing  with  his  father  at  Gloversville,  to 
which  business  he  succeeded  in  1882.  He  became 
an  officer  and  director  in  many  commercial  and 
financial  institutions.  He  was  a  Republican  re 
presentative  from  the  twenty-second  district  of 
New  York  in  the  55th,  56th  and  57th  congresses, 
1897-1903. 

LITTELL,  Eliakim,  editor,  was  born  in  Bur 
lington,  N.J.,  Jan.  2,  1797  ;  son  of  Stephen  and 
-  (Gardner)  Littell,  and  grandson  of 
Eliakim  and  Hannah  (Jewell)  Littell.  His  pa 
ternal  grandfather  was  a  captain  in  the  Revolu 
tionary  army  and  with  his  company  aided  in  the 
defence  of  Springfield,  N.J.,  June  4,  1870.  Elia 
kim  settled  in  Philadelphia  in  1819  and  founded 
the  Rational  Recorder,  a  weekly  literary  paper, 
changing  the  name  to  the  Saturday  Magazine  in 
1821  and  to  the  Museum  of  Foreign  Literature  and 
Science  hi  1822.  His  brother,  Dr.  Squier  Littell, 
assisted  him  in  editing  the  journal.  In  1841  the 
business  was  removed  to  Boston  and  in  April, 
1844,  he  published  the  first  number  of  LittelVx 
Living  Age,  which  was  continued  weekly.  In 
1855,  he  also  established  Panorama  of  Life  and 
Literature,  a  monthly  magazine.  The  ••  compro 
mise  tariff,''  which  became  a  law  during  the 
administration  of  President  Jackson,  is  said  to 
have  been  formulated  by  Mr.  Littell.  lie  mar 
ried  Mary  Frazer,  daughter  of  John  and  Mary 
Anne  (Frazer)  Smith,  sister  of  Gen.  Persifor 
Smith,  and  granddaughter  of  Col.  Persifor  Frazer. 
and  their  son  Robert  (born  in  Philadelphia, 
May  5,  1831,  died  in  Brookline,  Mass..  April  7, 
1896),  succeeded  his  father  as  editor  and  manager 
of  the  Living  Age.  Mr.  Littell  died  in  Brook- 
line,  Mass.,  May  17,  1870. 

LITTLE,  Charles  Coffin,  publisher,  was  born 
in  Kennebunk,  Maine,  July  25,  1799  :  son  of  David 
and  Sarah  (Chase)  Little  ;  grandson  of  the  Rev. 


Daniel  and  Sarah  (Coffin)  Little  ;  great-grandson 
of  Daniel  and  Abiah  (Clement)  Little,  and  of 
Col.  Joseph  and  Margaret  (Morse)  Coffin  ;  great2- 
grandson  of  Joseph  and  Mary  (Coffin)  Little,  and 
of  John  and  Elizabeth  (Ayer)  Clement;  great- 
grandson  of  George  and  Alice  (Poor)  Little  and 
of  Tristram  and  Judith  (Greenleaf)  Somerby 
Coffin.  George  Little,  a  native  of  London,  Eng 
land,  settled  in  Newbury,  Mass.,  in  1640.  Charles 
C.  Little  went  to  Boston,  Mass.,  from  Kennebunk 
early  in  life  and  entered  a  shipping  house  and 
later  a  bookstore  kept  by  Carter,  Hilliard  &  Co., 
which  became  Hilliard,  Gray,  Little  &  Wilkins. 
He  continued  as  a  member  of  this  firm  until 
1837,  when  he  formed  a  partnership  with  James 
Brown  (q.  v.),  under  the  firm  name  of  Charles 
C.  Little  &  Co.,  which  was  subsequently  changed 
to  Little,  Brown  and  Co.  He  was  married,  Jan.  1, 
1829,  to  Sarah,  daughter  of  William  Hilliard  of 
Cambridge,  Mass.  Mrs.  Little  died  Sept.  29, 
1848,  and  he  was  married,  secondly,  Jan.  18, 
1854,  to  Abby,  daughter  of  Henry  Wheaton,  LL.D., 
of  Providence,  R.I.  Mr.  Little  died  in  Cam 
bridge,  Mass.,  Aug.  11,  1869. 

LITTLE,  Charles  Joseph,  educator,  was  born 
in  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Sept.  21,  1840;  son  of 
Thomas  Rowell  and  Ann  (Zimmermann)  Little  ; 
grandson  of  William  and  Mary  (Chase)  Little,  and 
a  descendant  of  George  and  Alice  (Poor)  Little, 
Newbury.  Mass.,  1640.  Charles  was  graduated 
at  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  A.B.,  1861, 
A.M.,  1864,  served  on  the  Cochranville,  Pa.,  cir 
cuit,  1861-62,  and  joined  the  Philadelphia  con 
ference  of  the  M.E.  church  in  1862.  He  was 
pastor  ou  the  Newark,  Del.,  circuit,  186S-63  ;  of 
St.  James's  church,  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  1863-64  ;  of 
the  Spring  Garden  Street  church,  Philadelphia, 
1864-65;  at  Springfield,  Pa.,  1865-66,  and  at 
Chestnut  Hill,  Philadelphia,  1866-67.  He  was  a 
teacher  of  mathematics  at  Dickinson  seminary, 
Williamsport,  Pa.,  1867-69,  travelled  and  studied 
in  Germany,  1870-72  ;  and  was  pastor  of  Christ 
church  at  Philadelphia,  1872-74.  He  was  mar 
ried,  Dec.  3,  1872,  to  Anna  Marina  Schultze, 
daughter  of  Dr.  Karl  and  Sophie  (Schaarschmidt) 
Balm  of  Prussia.  He  was  professor  of  English 
literature  and  philosophy  at  Dickinson  college,  Pa., 
1874-83,  and  of  metaphysics  and  political  economy 
1883-85,  meantime  serving  as  librarian  of  the 
state  library,  1882-85.  He  was  professor  of  his 
tory  and  logic  in  Syracuse  university,  1885-91  ; 
a  member  of  the  university  senate,  1887-91 ;  pro 
fessor  of  historical  theology  in  the  Garrett  Bib 
lical  Institute,  Evanston,  111.,  1891-99,  and  presi 
dent  of  the  Institute  from  1899.  He  received  the 
degree  of  Ph.D.  from  De  Pauw  university,  Ind., 
in  1882  and  LL.D.  from  Dickinson  college.  Pa., 
in  1885,  and  was  Fernley  lecturer  to  the  Meth 
odist  conference  in  England  in  1900. 


[85] 


LITTLE 


LITTLE 


U.S    SHIP 

" BOSTOM! 


LITTLE,  George,  naval  officer,  was  born  in 
Marshlield,  Mass..  April  10.  1754.  In  1793  he 
served  as  1st  lieutenant  under  Capt.  John  Foster 
Williams  on  the  Protector,  taking  part  in  the 
engagement  with  an  English  letter-ot'-marque  of 
thirtv  guns,  June  9,  17X0.  in  which  the  enemy's 
ship  was  blown  up.  On  another  cruise  the  Pro 
tector  was  overpowered  by  two  English  cruisers, 
taken  into  New  York,  and  Captain  Williams  and 

Lieutenant  Little 
were  carried  to  Eng 
land  where  Little 
bribed  a  sentry  and 
thus  escaped  to 
France.  He  return 
ed  to  America  and 
was  given  command 
of  the  sloop-of-war 
Wiiitlirop.  He  was 
commissioned  cap- 
^\—  tain  in  the  newly 
established  navy 
March  4.  1799.  and  in 
April  was  given  command  of  the  Boston,  a  fri 
gate  of  twenty-eight  guns,  then  on  the  stocks 
at  Boston.  The  Boston  was  launched  at  Hart's 
yard  May  20.  and  on  July  25  sailed  from  Boston 
on  a  cruise.  Captain  Little  captured  several  arm 
ed  French  privateers,  including  the  Bercean 
after  a  severe  engagement.  On  the  establishment 
of  peace  with  France  he  was  discharged  from 
active  service.  Oct.  2,  1801,  and  passed  the  re 
mainder  of  his  life  on  his  farm  at  Weymouth, 
Mass.  He  is  the  author  of  :  The  American  Cruiser, 
and  Life  on.  tJie  Ocean,  or  Tirenty  Years  at  Sea 
(1844-45.)  He  died  at  Weymouth,  Mass.,  July 
22.  1X09. 

LITTLE,  George  Thomas,  librarian,  was  born 
in  Auburn.  Maine,  May  14.  1807;  son  of  Edward 
Toppan  and  Lucy  Jane  (Bliss)  Little:  grandson 
of  Edward  and  Hannah  (Brown)  Little  and  of 
Zeba  and  Lepha  (Peck)  Bliss,  and  eighth  in  des 
cent  from  George  Little,  who  emigrated  to  New- 
bury,  Mass.,  in  1040,  and  fourth  from  Col.  Moses 
Little,  a  Revolutionary  soldier.  George  prepared 
for  college  at  the  Edward  Little  high  school, 
Auburn.  Maine,  and  was  graduated  from  Bow 
doin  college.  A.B..  1877,  A.M.,  1880.  He  trav 
elled  and  studied  abroad,  1877-78  ;  was  teacher  of 
Latin  at  Thayer  academy,  Braintree.  Mass., 
1877-82  ;  professor  of  Latin  at  Bowdoin,  1882-80, 
and  was  appointed  librarian  of  Bowdoin  college 
in  1883.  He  was  married  Dec.  18,  1884.  to  Lilly 
Thayer  Wright,  daughter  of  George  II.  and 
Sarah  (Weeks)  Lane  of  Braintree,  Mass.  He  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  Maine  Historical  society 
in  1879,  and  of  the  Minnesota  Historical  society 
in  1890.  The  honorary  degree  of  Litt.D.  was 
conferred  on  him  by  Bowdoin  in  1894.  He  is  the 


author  of :  Descendants  of  George  Little  of  Xeir- 
btiry.  H>4»  (1877,  enl.  ed..  1882):  Memorial  <,f 
Alplieus  Spring  Packard  (1885);  Historical 
Sketch  of  Boirdoin  College  (1X94.) 

LITTLE,  James  Lawrence,  surgeon,  was  born 
in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  Feb.  19.  1S:;0  ;  son  of  George 
W.  and  Eliza  (Cleland)  Little,  and  grandson  of 
George  and  Mary  (Wakeman)  Little.  He  was 
married  in  1858  to  Elsie  A.,  daughter  of  John 
Charlotte  of  Newbern,  N.C.  He  was  graduated 
from  the  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons, 
New  York  city, 1800  :  was  connected  with  the  New 
York  hospital,  1800-02. and  in  1802  became  snrgeon- 
in-charge  of  the  Park  Barracks.  He  introduced 
into  the  United  States  the  plaster  of  Paris  splint 
treatment  of  fractures  in  1X01.  He  served  in  the 
civil  war  in  the  temporary  hospital  erected  at 
Washington,  D.C.,  and  in  h'eld  service  at  White 
House  on  the  Pamunkey  river  in  1802-0:5.  He 
was  influential  in  establishing  the  New  York 
state  board  of  health  in  1804.  In  1808  he  was 
appointed  clinical  assistant  to  Prof.  Willard 
Parker  in  the  College  of  Physicians  and  Sur 
geons;  delivered  a  course  of  lectures  on  fractures 
and  their  treatment .  1804 -OX.  and  lectured  in  the 
summer  school  of  that  institution,  lXOs-78.  He 
was  non-resident  professor  of  surgery  in  the  Uni 
versity  of  Vermont,  1X75-X5.  and  consulting 
surgeon  to  the  Northwestern  dispensary  and  at 
tending  surgeon  to  St.  Luke's  and  St.  Vincent's 
hospitals.  He  was  professor  of  clinical  surgery 
in  the  University  of  the  City  of  New  York  in 
1880,  and  professor  of  surgery  in  the  New  York 
Post  Graduate  Medical  School.  1XX2-X5.  of  which 
he  was  one  of  the  founders.  He  was  a  member 
of  numerous  medical  associations.  He  died  in 
New  York  city,  April  4.  1XS5. 

LITTLE,  John,  representative,  was  horn  in 
Ross  township.  Greene  county.  Ohio.  April  25. 
1837;  son  of  Robert  and  Elizabeth  (Hiatt  >  Little, 
and  grandson  of  .John  and  Elizabeth  (Ritenonr) 
Little  and  of  Jeremiah  and  Lucinda  (Kidwell) 
Hiatt,  all  natives  of  Virginia.  He  was  graduated 
at  Antioch  college  in  1X02  :  taught  school,  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1805.  He  was  mar 
ried  Oct.  19.  1805.  to  Barbara  J.  Sheets  of  Troy, 
Ohio.  He  was  prosecuting  attornev  of  Greene 
county,  1807-09;  representative  in  the  stale  leg 
islature,  1870-74;  attorney-general  of  Ohio.  1874- 
78,  and  in  1877  visited  Florida,  where  he  wrote 
the  argument  that  gave  to  Hayes  the  vote  of  the 
state  as  decided  by  the  returning  board,  lie  was 
Republican  representative  in  the  49th  con 
gress,  1885-87,  and  president  of  the  U.S.  com 
mission  on  Venezuela  claims,  appointed  by  Presi 
dent  Harrison,  and  of  the  Ohio  state  board  of 
arbitration,  appointed  by  Governor  McKinlev. 
He  was  a  trustee  of  Antioch  college,  1880-1900. 
He  died  in  Xenia,  Ohio,  Oct.  18,  1900. 


[80] 


LITTLE 


LITTLEFIELD 


LITTLE,  John  S.,  representative,  was  born  at 
Jenny  Lind.  Ark.,  March  15,  1853;  son  of  Jesse 
and  Mary  Elizabeth  (To! man)  Little  ;  grandson 
of  William  Little  of  Greenville,  N.C..  and  of 
Eaton  Tolinan.  He  attended  the  common  schools 
and  Cone  Hill  college,  Arkansas,  and  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in  1874.  He  was  elected  dis 
trict  attorney  for  the  twelfth  circuit  of  Arkansas 
in  1877  and  re-elected  for  four  successive  terms  : 
was  a  representative  in  the  state  legislature  in 
1884  ;  circuit  judge.  1880-90  :  chairman  of  the 
state  judicial  convention;  and  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  in  the  53d  congress  to  fill  a  vacancy 
caused  by  the  resignation  of  C.  R.  Breckinridge, 
ard  re-elected  to  the  54th,  55th,  56th  and  57th 
ccngresses,  serving,  1893-1903. 

LITTLE,  Lewis  Henry,  soldier,  was  born  in 
Baltimore,  Md.,  in  1818;  son  of  Col.  Peter  Little 
(<[.v.).  He  entered  the  U.S.  army  as  3d  lieu 
tenant,  5th  infantry.  July  1,  1839  ;  was  trans 
ferred  to  the  7th  infantry  in  May,  1843,  and  was 
promoted  1st  lieutenant,  April  18.  1845.  He 
served  during  the  Mexican  war  ;  was  brevetted 
•captain  for  gallant  and  meritorious  conduct  in 
the  battle  of  Monterey.  Sept.  23.  1840.  and  be 
came  regimental  quartermaster  in  March,  1847. 
He  also  distinguished  himself  in  the  battle  of 
Cerro  Gordo,  April  18.  1847.  and  was  promoted 
captain,  Aug.  20,  1847.  He  resigned  from  the 
U.S.  army.  May  7.  1N(>1,  to  join  the  Confederate 
forces.  He  was  colonel  in  the  1st  brigade.  Mis 
souri  state  guard,  commanded  by  Gen.  Sterling 
Price,  and  was  assigned  to  Van  Dorn's  army. 
Trans-Mississippi  department.  He  was  promoted 
brigadier-general  for  bravery  at  the  battle  of  Pea 
Ridge,  March  7-8,  1802  :  commanded  the  1st  di 
vision  in  the  Army  of  the  West,  east  of  the 
Mississippi,  commanded  by  General  Price,  and 
was  killed  at  the  battle  of  luka,  Sept,  19.  1802. 

LITTLE,  Moses,  soldier,  was  born  in  New- 
bury.  Mass..  May  8,  1724  ;  son  of  Moses  and  Sarah 
(J.icques)  Little:  grandson  of  Moses  and  Lydia 
(Coffin)  Little,  and  of  Sergt.  Stephen  and  De 
borah  (Plumer)  Jacques  and  great-grandson  of 
George  and  Alice  (Poor)  Little,  and  of  Henry 
and  Anna  (Knight)  Jacques.  He  was  for  several 
years  a  surveyor  and  obtained  grants  of  unoc 
cupied  crown  lands  lying  within  the  present 
limits  of  Vermont.  New  Hampshire,  and  Maine. 
He  was  married  in  1743  to  Abigail,  daughter  of 
Joshua  and  Sarah  (Coffin)  Bailey  of  Newbury, 
Mass.  He  commanded  the  Xewbury  militia  in 
the  expedition  against  Louisburg  in  1758,  and 
iipon  the  first  tidings  from  Lexington  in  April. 
1775.  inarched  with  his  company  to  Cambridge 
find  was  placed  in  command  of  the  regiment 
raised  from  the  northern  part  of  Essex  county. 
At  the  battle  of  Bunker  Hill  lie  led  three  of  his 
companies  across  Charlestown  Neck  under  a 


severe  fire  from  the  British  batteries  and  ships  of 
war,  reached  the  scene  of  action  before  the  first 
charge  of  the  enemy,  and  remained  throughout 
the  engagement.  After  the  evacuation  of  Bos 
ton  he  was  present  with  Washington's  army  on 
Long  Island,  where  he  commanded  Fort  Greene, 
and  was  stationed  at  Flatbush  Pass  during  the 
battle,  Aug.  27,  1770.  He  also  took  part  in  the 
battle  at  Harlem  Heights,  but  did  not  accompany 
his  men  in  the  retreat  through  New  Jersey,  being 
during  the  winter  in  command  of  an  encamp 
ment  at  Peekskill.  N.Y.,  but  in  the  spring  of 
1777  lie  was  forced  to  return  home  on  account  of 
ill  health.  In  1779  he  declined  the  commission 
of  brigadier-general  and  the  command  of  an  ex 
pedition  raised  by  the  Commonwealth  of  Massa 
chusetts  to  dislodge  the  British  on  the  Penobscot. 
He  served  in  the  general  court  of  Massachusetts 
before  and  after  the  Revolution.  He  died  in 
Newbury,  Mass.,  May  27,  1798. 

LITTLE,  Peter,  representative,  was  born  in 
Petersburg,  Pa.,  in  1775.  He  attended  the  public 
schools  of  his  native  place  and  was  apprenticed 
to  a  trade.  In  early  manhood  he  settled  at 
Freedom,  Baltimore  county,  Md.  He  was  Demo 
cratic  representative  in  the  12th  congress.  1811- 
13,  defeating  Nicholas  R.  Moore,  Federalist.  He 
was  commissioned  colonel  of  the  38th  Maryland 
infantry  by  President  Madison  and  served  as 
such  from  May  19,  1813,  till  June  15,  1815.  He 
was  a  representative  in  the  14th  congress  as 
successor  to  William  Pinkney,  resigned,  serving 
from  Dec.  2,  1810,  to  Marcli  3,  1817  ;  and  was  re- 
elected  to  the  15th,  IGtli,  17th,  18th,  19th  and 
20th  congresses,  1817-29.  He  died  in  Freedom, 
Md.,  Feb.  5,  1830. 

LITTLE,  Robbing,  lawyer,  was  born  in  New 
port,  R.I.,  Feb.  15,  1832;  son  of  William  and 
Sophia  Louisa  (Robbins)  Little  ;  grandson  of 
William  and  Frances  (Boyd)  Little  of  Boston, 
and  of  Senator  Asher  and  Mary  (Ellery)  Robbins 
of  Rhode  Island,  and  a  descendant  of  Thomas 
Little,  who  came  to  Plymouth  about  1632,  and 
married  Anne,  daughter  of  Richard  Warren. 
He  was  graduated  from  Yale,  A.B.,  1851,  A.M., 
1854,  and  was  tutor  in  Greek  there  in  1854.  He 
was  instructor  in  international  law  at  the  U.S. 
naval  academy,  1865-09  ;  was  graduated  from 
Harvard,  LL.B. ,  1870,  and  practised  law  in  New 
York  city,  1870-73.  He  was  examiner  of  claims 
in  the  U.S.  war  department  at  Washington, 
D.C.,  1873-78,  and  superintendent  and  a  trustee 
of  the  Astor  library,  New  York  city,  1878-96, 
when  it  was  merged  in  the  New  York  Public 
library. 

LITTLEFIELD,  Alfred  Henry,  governor  of 
Rhode  Island,  was  born  in  Scituate,  R.I.,  April  2, 
1829;  son  of  John  and  Deborah  (Himes)  Little- 
field,  and  a  descendant  of  Caleb  and  Nathaniel 


[8TJ 


LITTLEFIELD 


LITTLE  JOHN 


Littlefield  who  settled  in  New  Shoreham  in  1721. 
His  parents  removed  to  Warwick,  R.I.,  in  1831, 
and  he  attended  the  public  schools.  At  an  early 
age  he  entered  the  Sprague  mill.  He  served  as 
clerk  for  his  brother.  George  L.  Littletield  at 
Central  Falls.  1845-51,  and  in 
is.-)l  he  entered  into  part 
nership  with  him.  He  was 
married  Feb.  9,  1853.  to  Re 
becca  Jane,  daughter  of  Eb- 
enezer  and  Jane  (Padwell) 
Northupof  Central  Falls.  He 
was  division  inspector  of  the 
state  militia  with  the  rank  of  colonel,  1864-69.  He 
was  a  Whig  in  politics  in  his  youth  and  later  was 
identified  with  the  Republican  party.  The  town 
ship  of  Lincoln  was  set  apart  in  1871,  and  he  was 
a  member  of  the  town  council.  1873-77  ;  was  a 
representative  in  the  general  assembly,  1876-77  ; 
a  state  senator,  1878-79  ;  and  was  the  Republican 
candidate  for  governor  of  Rhode  Island  in  1880. 
In  the  election  he  received  only  a  plurality  of 
votes  cast,  and  the  election  going  to  the  legisla 
ture  he  was  chosen  by  a  majority  of  sixty  on 
joint  ballot.  He  was  re-elected  by  a  large  ma 
jority  in  1881,  and  served  as  governor,  1881-83. 
He  died  in  Lincoln,  R.I.,  Dec.  21,  1893. 

LITTLEFIELD,  Charles  Edgar,  representa 
tive,  was  born  in  Lebanon,  Maine.  June  21,  1851  ; 
son  of  the  Rev.  William  H.  and  May  (Stevens) 
Littlefield,  both  descendants  of  early  Piscataqua 
settlers.  His  father  was  an  expert  millwright 
and  the  son  learned 
the  carpenter's  trade 
after  attending  the 
public  schools  and 
Foxcroft  academy. 
He  was  admitted  to 
the  Knox  county  bar 
in  1876,  and  formed 
a  partnership  witli 
Jonathan  P.  Cilley, 
ami  later  with  his 
brother.  Arthur  S. 
Littlefield.  In  1878 
he  married  Clara  H., 
daughter  of  Gen. 
William  Aver  of 
Montville.  lie  was  a 
Republican  representative  in  the  state  legislature, 
1885-87,  and  speaker  of  the  house  in  1887  ;  attor 
ney-general  of  the  state,  1889-93.  and  chairman 
of  the  Maine  delegation  at  the  Republican  national 
convention  of  1892  and  at  the  St.  Louis  convention, 
1896.  He  was  elected  a  representative  in  the  56th 
congress,  June  19,  1899,  to  fill  the  vacancy  caused 
by  the  death  of  Nelson  Dingley.  and  was  re-elected 
to  the  57th  congress.  1901-03.  He  was  made  a 
member  of  the  judiciary  committee  and  of  the 


special  co  mm  it  tee  of  nine  appointed  by  the  house 
to  investigate  the  matter  of  seating  Brigham 
Henry  Roberts,  elected  a  representative  to  the 
56th  congress  from  Utah.  With  Representative 
de  Armond  of  Missouri,  he  made  a  minority  re 
port,  recommending  the  seating  of  Roberts  as  the 
constitution  provided,  and  that  he  be  expelled 
immediately  afterward  on  the  ground  that  he  was 
a  polygamist.  He  also  made  a  notable  speech 
against  the  Porto  Rico  tariff  bill. 

LITTLEFIELD,  Milton  Smith,  soldier,  was 
born  in  Jefferson  county,  N.Y..  in  March, 
1832.  He  studied  and  practised  law  in  the  office 
of  Abraham  Lincoln  in  Springfield,  111.  On  the 
breaking  out  of  the  civil  war  lie  was  commis 
sioned  captain  in  the  14th  Illinois  regiment,  com 
manded  by  Col.  John  M.  Palmer.  He  served  in 
the  campaign  of  1862  on  the  staff  of  (Ken.  W. 
T.  Sherman,  as  provost  marshal  at  Memphis, 
Tenn.  He  was  transferred  to  the  Department  of 
the  South  and  made  colonel  of  the  4th  South 
Carolina  colored  regiment  ;  served  in  the  siege  of 
Charleston,  S.C.,  and  after  the  assault  on  Fort 
Wagner,  was  temporarily  assigned  to  the  com 
mand  of  the  54th  Massachusetts  colored  regi 
ment,  the  colonel.  Robert  G.  Shaw,  having  been 
killed  in  that  engagement.  On  August  :!1  the 
regiment,  which  was  in  the  4th  brigade  com 
manded  by  Col.  James  Montgomery,  was  de 
tailed  by  General  Terry,  in  charge  of  the  division 
operating  on  Morris  Island,  for  special  duty  in  the 
trenches.  On  Sept.  1.  18(53.  Colonel  Littlefield 
assumed  command  of  the  'Jlst  l*.S.  colored  troops, 
and  after  the  battle  of  Olnstee.  Fla.,  of  the  54th 
and  55th  colored  regiments.  He  served  on  the 
staff  of  General  Gillmore,  was  inspector-general 
of  colored  troops,  and  after  the  war  engaged  in 
railroad  enterprises  in  New  York  city.  He  died 
in  New  York  city.  March  7.  1899. 

LITTLEFIELD,  Nathaniel  Swett,  representa 
tive,  was  born  in  Wells,  Maine.  Sept.  20,  1804  ; 
son  of  Ebenezer  Littlefield.  and  grandson  of 
Eliab  Littlefield.  His  ancestors  were  among  the 
earliest  settlers  of  Wells.  He  was  admitted  to 
the  bar,  practising  first  at  Alfred  and  later  at 
Hridgton.  Cumberland  county.  He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  state  senate,  1837-39,  serving  as  presi 
dent  of  the  senate  in  1838.  and  was  the  author  of 
the  report  of  the  special  committee  on  the  north 
eastern  boundary  question  accepted  by  the  legis 
lature.  He  was  a  representative  in  the  27th  and 
31st  congresses,  1841-43  and  1849-51  ;  a  repre 
sentative  in  the  state  legislature  in  1854,  and  a 
delegate  to  the  Union  convention  at  Philadelphia 
in  1S(i(i.  He  died  in  Hridgton.  Maine.  Aug.  15,  1882. 

LITTLEJOHN,  Abram  Newkirk,  first  bishop 
of  Long  Island  and  91st  in  succession  in  the 
American  Episcopate,  was  born  at  Florida. 
Montgomery  county.  N.V.,  Dec.  13,  1824  ;  son  of 


L1TTLEFIELD 


LIVERMORE 


60. 


John  and  Eleanor  (Newkirk)  Littlejohn  ;  grand 
son  of  Silas  Littlejohn  and  a  descendant  of  Hugh 
Littlejohn  of  Perthshire,  Scotland.  He  was  gradu 
ated  from  Union  college  in  1845,  was  made  a  dea 
con  in  the  Protestant  Episcopal  church  by 
Bishop  de  Lancey, 
March  19,  1848,  and 
ordained  a  priest  by 
Bishop  Brownell  in 
Hartford,  Conn., 

June  12,  1849.  He 
was  in  charge  of  St. 
Ann's  church,  Ams 
terdam.  N.Y.,  1848- 
4!) ;  of  St.  Andrew's 
church,  Meriden, 
Conn.,  1849  ;  was  rec 
tor  of  Christ  church, 
Springfield,  Mass.,  18- 
49-51,  and  of  St. 
Paul's  church,  New 
Haven.  Conn.,  1851- 

He  was  married  in  1848  to  Jane  Matilda, 
daughter  of  the  Hon.  Samuel  T.  Armstrong  of 
Boston,  Mass.  She  died  in  Garden  City,  L.I., 
N.  Y.,  March,  9  1898.  Dr.  Littlejohn  was  lecturer  on 
pastoral  theology  in  the  Berkeley  Divinity  school. 
Middletown,  Conn.,  1855-59  ;  was  elected  presi 
dent  of  Hobart  college  in  1858,  but  declined  the 
office,  and  in  1860  accepted  the  rectorship  of  the 
Church  of  the  Holy  Trinity,  Brooklyn,  N.Y.  He 
was  elected  bishop  of  the  newly  formed  diocese 
of  Central  New  York  in  November,  1868,  but  be 
fore  he  had  received  official  notice  of  his  election 
was  also  elected  bishop  of  Long  Island  by  the 
primary  convention  of  the  newly  created  diocese, 
which  latter  he  accepted.  He  was  consecrated 
in  the  Church  of  the  Holy  Trinity,  Brooklyn, 
N.Y.,  Jan.  27.  1869.  During  his  administration 
and  with  his  active  co-operation  the  Cathedral  of 
the  Incarnation  at  Garden  City.  L.I. ,  N.Y.,  was 
was  built,  and  St.  Paul's  school  for  boys  and  St. 
Mary's  for  girls  established  through  the  munifi 
cence  of  Mrs.  Alexander  T.  Stewart.  In  addition 
to  the  work  of  his  diocese,  he  acted  as  bishop  in 
charge  of  the  American  Episcopal  churches  upon 
the  continent  of  Europe.  1874-86,  during  which 
time  most  of  the  churches  were  organized  and 
their  edifices  built  or  begun.  Trinity  college, 
Conn.,  conferred  upon  him  the  honorary  degree 
of  A.M.  in  1852  ;  the  University  of  Pennsylvania 
that  of  D.D.  in  1856  ;  the  University  of  Cam 
bridge,  England,  that  of  LL.D.  in  1880  ;  and  the 
University  of  the  South  that  of  D.C.L.  in  1897. 
He  delivered  a  course  of  sermons  on  "  Individual 
ism  "at  the  University  of  Cambridge,  England, 
in  1880,  which  gained  from  that  institution  his 
degree.  He  also  gave  a  course  of  lectures  on 
"The  Christian  Ministry  at  the  Close  of  the 

[80] 


Nineteenth  Century  "  before  the  students  of  the 
General  Theological  seminary  in  New  York  city 
in  1884.  He  is  the  author  of  :  The  Philosophy  of 
Religion  (1856);  Metaphysics  of  Cousin  (1856)  ; 
Life  and  Writings  of  Coleridge  (1857);  Poetry  of 
George  Herbert  (1858);  The  Bible  and  Common 
Sense  (1858)  ;  Outwardness  of  Popular  Religion 
(1858)  ;  The  Alt-Catholic  Movement  (1858);  Con- 
clones  ad  Clerem  (1880) ;  Individualism  (1880); 
The  Christian  Ministry  at  the  Close  of  tie  Nine 
teenth  Century  (1884).  Bishop  Littlejohn  died 
suddenly  in  Williamstown,  Mass.,  Aug.  3,  1901. 

LITTLEJOHN,  De  Witt  Clinton,  legislator, 
was  born  in  Bridgewater,  N.Y.,  Feb.  7,  1818.  He 
was  prepared  for  college,  but  engaged  in  busi 
ness  as  a  forwarder  of  produce  on  the  lakes  and 
canals  and  a  manufacturer  of  flour  in  Oswego, 
N.Y.  He  was  elected  president  of  the  village  of 
Oswego  in  1847,  and  when  it  was  incorporated  a 
city  was  elected  on  its  first  board  of  aldermen 
and  was  its  mayor  for  two  terms.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  state  assembly,- 1853-55,  1857  and 
1859-61  and  a  speaker  of  that  body,  1855,  1857 
and  1859-61.  He  served  in  the  Federal  army  a.s 
colonel  of  the  1 10th  New  York  volunteers,  which 
regiment  he  recruited  and  accompanied  on  the 
Red  River  expedition.  In  1862  he  was  elected 
Republican  representative  in  the  38th  congress, 
and  lie  resigned  from  the  army  to  take  his  seat 
Dec.  7,  1863,  but  his  health  failing  by  reason  of 
camp  exposure,  he  resigned  in  April,  1864.  He 
declined  the  appointment  of  U.S.  consul  to 
Liverpool  in  1864  and  was  returned  to  the  state 
assembly  in  186G,  1867,  1870,  1871  and  1884.  In 
1872  he  supported  Horace  Greeley  for  President, 
and  in  1874  was  a  candidate  before  the  Demo 
cratic  state  convention  for  lieutenant-governor 
on  the  ticket  with  Samuel  J.  Tilden  for  governor, 
but  he  afterward  returned  to  the  Republican 
party.  He  died  in  Oswego,  N.  Y.,  Oct.  27,  1892. 

LIVERflORE,  Abiel  Abbot,  clergyman  and 
author,  was  born  in  Wilton,  N.H.,  Oct.  30,  1811  ; 
son  of  Jonathan  and  Abigail  (Abbot)  Livermore  ;. 
grandson  of  Jonathan  and  Elizabeth  (Kidder) 
Livermore  and  of  Maj.  Abiel  Abbot ;  and  a  de 
scendant  of  John  Livermore,  of  Little  Hurloe, 
Suffolk,  England,  a  potter  by  trade,  who  sailed 
from  Ipswich,  England,  to  America  in  1634  and 
settled  in  Watertown,  Mass.,  in  1642.  He 
prepared  for  college  at  Phillips'  Exeter  acad 
emy,  N.H.  ;  was  graduated  from  Harvard, 
A. B.,  1833,  B.D.,  1836,  and  was  ordained  to  the 
Unitarian  ministry,  Nov.  2,  1836.  He  was  pas 
tor  at  Keenc,  N.H. ,  1836-50,  and  at  Cincinnati, 
Ohio.  1850-57.  He  removed  to  Yonkers,  N.Y.,  in 
1857,  where  he  was  editor  of  the  Christian  En 
quirer  published  in  New  York  city  and  pastor 
of  Hope  church,  1857-63.  lie  was  president  of 
the  Mcadville  Theological  school,  1863-90.  He 


LI  VERM  ORE 


LIVER  ."\;  ORE 


was  twk-e  married;  first,  May  IT.  1X38.  to  Eliza 
beth  D.  Abbot,  of  Windham,  who  died  Sept.  13, 
18T9;  and  secondly,  June  18,  188:3,  to  Mrs.  Mary 
A.  (Keating)  Moore.  He  received  from  Har 
vard  the  degree  of 
A.M.  in  1872  and 
that  of  S.T.D.  in  18- 
88.  He  edited  Priest 
ley's  Corruptions  of 
Christianity  (1838); 
and  with  others, 
Christian  Hymns  (18- 
45);  and  is  the  author 
of:  A  Commentary 
on  the  New  Testa 
ment  (6  vols.  18- 
42-81 .):  Lecture*  to 
Young  Men  (1846); 
The  Marriage  Offer 
ing,  prose  and  poetry 
(1848);  The  \V«r  icith 

Mexico  Rei'ieired,  a  prize  essay  (1850):  Discourses 
(1852):  Anti-Tobacco  (1X33);  The  History  of  TH7- 
ton  (1888),  and  contributions  to  periodicals.  He 
died  in  \Vil.on.  N.H..  Nov.  28.  1802. 

LIVERflORE,  Arthur,  jurist,  was  born  in  Lon 
donderry.  N.H..  July  2!>.  17(56;  son  of  Samuel 
(q.  v.)  and  Jane  (Browne)  Li vermore.  Ho  worked 
on  his  father's  farm  in  Holderness.  N.H.,  1774- 
85.  receiving  a  classical  education  under  the 
tuition  of  his  parents.  He  studied  law  with  his 
brother,  Edward  S.  Livennore  :  was  admitted  to 
the  bar:  settled  in  practice  at  Chester,  N.H.; 
was  a  representative  in  the  general  court  of 
New  Hampshire,  1794  and  1T95,  and  solicitor  for 
Rockingham  county.  1796-98.  He  returned  to 
Holderness  in  1798  and  was  associate  justice  of 
the  superior  court,  1799-1809  ;  chief  justice.  1809- 
13  :  associate  justice  of  the  supreme  court,  1813- 
16-  a  Democratic  representative  in  the  15th,  16th 
and  18th  congresses,  1817-21  and  1823-25  ;  judge  of 
the  probate  for  the  county  of  Grafton,  1822-23,  and 
chief  justice  of  the  court  of  common  pleas,  1825- 
32.  He  was  a  presidential  elector  on  the  John 
Adams  ticket  in  1800.  He  was  married  to  Louise 
Bliss  of  Haverhill,  Mass.  He  died  at  his  farm  in 
Campton,  N.H..  July  1.  1X53. 

LIVERHORE  Edward  St.  Joe,  representa 
tive,  was  born  in  Portsmouth,  N.H.,  April  5, 
1762;  son  of  the  Hon.  Samuel  (q.  v.)  and  Jane 
(Browne)  Livennore.  He  studied  law  in  New- 
buryport  in  the  office  of  Theophilus»Parsons,  and 
settled  in  practice,  first  at  Concord  in  1783  and 
then  at  Portsmouth.  He  was  U.S.  district  at 
torney  for  the  district  of  New  Hampshire,  1789- 
97  :  a  member  of  the  state  constitutional  conven 
tion,  1791  ;  state's  attorney  for  Rockingham 
county.  1791-93:  justice  of  the  supreme  court, 
1797-99,  and  naval  officer  at  Portsmouth,  1799- 


[90] 


1802.  He  removed  to  Newburyport,  Mass..  in  1805 
and  was  a  representative  from  Essex  county  in 
the  10th  and  llth  congresses.  1807-11.  He  re 
moved  to  Boston.  Mass.,  in  1811  and  in  1815  to 
Zanesville.  Ohio,  but  returned  to  Boston  and 
finally  settled  in  Tewksbury,  Mass.  He  was 
married  in  1783  to  Mehitable,  daughter  of  Robert 
Harris  and  secondly,  in  1799.  to  Sarah  Crease, 
daughter  of  William  Stackpole  of  Boston.  Mass. 
He  died  in  Tewksbury.  Mass..  Sept.  15.  1X32. 

LIVERMORE,  George,  antiquarian,  was  horn 
in  Cambridge.  Mass.,  July  10.1809;  a  descend 
ant  of  John  Livennore  of  Ipswich,  England,  who 
settled  in  Watertown,  Mass.,  in  1634.  He  attend 
ed  the  academy  at  Deerfield,  Mass..  1827-28;  was 
employed  as  a  clerk  in  Cambridgeport  and  other 
towns  near  Boston.  1828-3X,  and  in  1838,  in  com 
pany  with  an  older  brother,  engaged  in  the  wool 
business  in  Boston.  He  was  married  Oct.  1, 
1839,  to  Elizabeth  Cunningham  Odiorne  of  Cam 
bridgeport.  He  made  a  collection  of  scarce 
articles  of  historic  value ;  large  paper  edi 
tions  of  rare  books,  and  one  of  the  finest  collec 
tions  of  Bibles  in  the  United  States,  including  a 
copy  of  Eliot's  Indian  Bible.  He  was  a  trustee 
of  the  state  library  of  Massachusetts.  1849-65.  He 
was  elected  to  membership  in  the  American  Acad 
emy  of  Arts  and  Sciences  in  1855  and  other  learned 
societies.  He  received  the  honorary  degree  of 
A.M.  from  Harvard  in  1X50.  He  was  an  assistant 
editor  of  Graham's  "  History  of  the  United 
States  "  (1846).  and  the  author  of  numerous  biblio 
graphical  and  historical  articles,  including  "New 
England  Primer  "  in  the  Cambridge  Chronicle 
(1849),  and  "  Public  Libraries,"  in  the  Xorth 
American  Review  (1850).  lie  died  in  Cambridge, 
Mass.,  Aug.  30,  1865. 

LIVERflORE,  Harriet,  preacher  and  author, 
was  born  in  Concord.  N.1L,  April  14,  1788; 
daughter  of  Edward  St.  Loe  (q.  v.)  and  Mehit 
able  (Harris)  Livermore.  She  became  a  teacher 
at  East  Haverhill.  Mass.,  in  1811.  She  was  erra 
tic  in  her  religious  belief,  being  an  Episcopalian, 
1802-18;  a  Congregational st,  1818-25;  a  Baptist, 
1825  ;  a  Second  Adventist,  and  was  prevented  from 
joining  the  Society  of  Friends  through  a  sudden 
burst  of  temper  while  at  a  Friend's  house  in 
Amesbury.  In  January,  1827.  she  addressed  the 
two  houses  of  congress  in  the  Hall  of  Representa 
tives,  Washington,  D.C..  on  religion.  President 
Adams  and  Secretary  Clay  being  present,  the 
first  time  a  woman  had  addressed  a  congressional 
assembly  in  their  hall.  She  subsequently  spoke 
before  three  other  administrations.  She  made  a 
journey  of  6000  miles  through  the  wilderness  of 
the  far  West  to  teach  the  Indians.  She  also 
spent  some  time  among  the  Dunkards  in  Penn 
sylvania,  where  her  sermons  were  well  received. 
She  made  several  visits  to  Jerusalem,  the  last  in 


LIVERMORE 


LI\7ERMORE 


1862,  and  traveled  extensively  through  Europe. 
In  1838  Whittier  secured  for  her  audiences  in 
Philadelphia  and  elsewhere,  and  the  proceeds  of 
her  lectures  and  the  assistance  of  friends  kept 
her  from  actual  want.  She  finally  died  in  an 
almshouse  in  Philadelphia,  and  her  friend,  Mrs. 
Margaret  F.  Worrell,  conveyed  her  remains  to  her 
own  home  in  Germantown  and  they  were  placed 
in  the  Dunkards'  burying  ground.  She  is  the 
author  of  :  ^4  Narrative  of  Religious  Experiences, 
In  Tirt'lue  Letters  (1826);  A  Wreath,  from  Jessa 
mine  Laicn,  a  religious  novel  :  Millennial  Tidings 
(1831);  .4  Testimony  for  the  Times  (1843);  and  a 
score  of  other  books,  mostly  religious,  and  poems, 
hymns  and  sermons  used  by  the  Dunkards.  She 
died  in  Philadelphia.  Pa,.  March  30,  1868. 

LIVERMORE,  Mary  Ashton  (Rice),  reformer, 
lecturer  and  author,  was  born  in  Boston,  Mass., 
Dec.  19,  1820;  daughter  of  Timothy  and  Zebiah 
Vose  (Ashton)  Rice  ;  granddaughter  of  Silas  and 
Abigail  (Hagar)  Rice  and  of  Capt.  Nathaniel 

and  Rachel  (Glover) 
Ashton  of  London, 
England,  and  a  de 
scendant  of  Edmund 
Rice,  who  came  from 
England,  and  settled 
in  Sudbury.  Mass.,  in 
1639.  She  attended 
the  Hancock  school, 
Boston,  Mass.,  and 
was  graduated  from 
the  Female  Seminary 
at  Charlestown,  Mass., 
in  1838,  having  earn 
ed  her  tuition  by 
teaching  in  the  jun 
ior  department  of  the 
seminary  throughout  her  course.  She  was  in 
structor  in  Latin,  French  and  Italian  there, 
1838-41  ;  a  governess  in  Virginia,  1841-43,  and 
principal  of  a  school  in  Duxbury,  Mass.,  18- 
42-45.  She  was  married,  May  6,  184."),  to  the 
Rev.  Daniel  Parker  Livermore  of  Leicester, 
Mass.,  a  Universalist  minister.  They  settled  in 
Fall  River,  Mass.,  where  he  had  a  pastorate  and 
from  there  she  accompanied  him  to  Connecticut, 
New  York  and  Illinois.  Mr.  Livermore  was  an 
earnest  believer  in  woman  suffrage,  and  she  soon 
became  a  strong  supporter  of  the  movement. 
She  was  active  in  anti-slavery  work  and  in  the 
Washingtonian  temperance  movement,  and  for 
years  wrote,  organized  and  labored  for  that  re 
form.  She  removed  to  Chicago.  111.,  in  1857, 
where  her  husband  became  proprietor  %nd  editor 
and  she  associate  editor  of  the  New  Covenant,  a 
Universalist  paper.  In  1862  she  was  appointed 
agent  of  the  U.S.  Sanitary  Commission,  with 
headquarters  at  Chicago,  and  with  others  di- 


[91] 


rected  and  carried  on  the  hospital  relief  work  of 
the  Northwest,  organizing  soldiers'  aid  societies, 
collecting  sanitary  supplies,  and  detailing  nurses 
to  the  hospitals.  She  served  as  a  member  of  the 
special  relief  corps  in  1863,  which  visited  hos 
pitals  and  camps  on  the  Mississippi  river,  and 
worked  their  way  among  the  suffering  soldiers 
besieging  Vicksburg.  Sher  made  her  first  public 
speech  in  Dubuque,  Iowa,  where  she  presented  to 
the  people  the  sanitary  needs  of  the  soldiers  at 
the  front  and  in  the  hospitals.  In  that  same  year, 
with  Mrs.  Hoge,  she  organized  the  Northwestern 
fair  which  netted  $100,000  for  the  commission. 
Woman  suffrage  engrossed  her  active  energies, 
and  in  1869  she  started  The  Agitator  to  aid  the 
reform,  and  in  1870  she  returned  to  Boston, 
where  she  edited  the  Woman'' s  Journal,  into 
which  her  own  paper  was  merged  until  1872. 
She  resigned  her  position  to  enter  the  lecture 
field,  her  lecture  topics  including  biographical, 
historical,  political,  religious  and  reformatory 
subjects,  and  as  a  lecturer  she  traveled  over 
25,000  miles  annually,  visiting  every  state  in  the 
Union,  and  also  Scotland  and  England.  She  or 
ganized  and  was  the  first  president  of  the  Illinois 
Woman  Suffrage  association,  1869  ;  president  of 
the  American  Woman  Suffrage  association,  1880, 
and  was  sent  to  the  Massachusetts  Republican 
convention,  charged  with  the  presentation  of 
temperance  and  woman  suffrage  resolutions. 
She  was  the  first  president  of  the  Woman's  Con 
gress,  1872-73;  first  president  of  the  Massachu 
setts  Woman's  Christian  Temperance  Union, 
1874-84,  and  of  the  Beneficent  society  of  the  New 
England  conservatory  of  Music,  1884-1900.  She 
became  a  member  of  the  Massachusetts  Ladies' 
Aid  Society,  of  the  Massachusetts  Soldiers' 
Home,  of  the  Massachusetts  Woman's  Indian 
association,  of  the  Massachusetts  Prison  associa 
tion  and  of  the  American  Psychical  society.  She 
edited  A  Woman  of  the  Century  with  Frances  E. 
Willard  (1893);  and  is  the  author  of  :  The  Chil 
dren's  Army  (1848);  ^4  Mental  Transformation 
(1850);  Pen  Pictures  (1865);  Thirty  Years  Too 
Late  (1878);  What  Shall  We  Do  with  Our 
Daughters?  (1883);  My  Story  of  the  War  (1888); 
Autobiography  (1897) ;  and  many  contributions  to 
periodical  literature. 

LIVERflORE,  Samuel,  statesman,  was  born 
in  Waltham,  Mass.,  May  14,1733  (O.S.);  son  of 
Samuel  and—  — (Brown)  Livermore;  and  a 
descendant  in  the  fourth  generation  from  John 
Livermore,  of  Exeter,  England,  who  settled  in 
Watertown,  Mass.,  in  1635.  He  entered  the  Col 
lege  of  New  Jersey  in  1751,  and  was  graduated 
A.B.,  1752,  A.M.,  1755.  He  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1756,  and  practised  for  a  short  time  in 
Waltham  and  then  in  Portsmouth,  N.H.  He  was 
married,  Sept.  23,  1759,  to  Jane,  daughter  of  the 


LIVINGSTON 


LIVINGSTON 


Rev.  Arthur  Browne  of  Portsmouth,  In  17G4  he 
removed  to  Lomlonelerry,  and  represented  the 
town  in  the  provincial  assembly,  1708-70,  mean 
while,  in  1709,  returning  to  Portsmouth,  having 
been  appointed  advocate  in  the  court  of  admi 
ralty  and  king's  attorney -general  in  New  Hamp 
shire,  which  offices  he  held  until  1774.  He  re 
turned  to  Londonderry  in  1774,  and  removed  to 
New  Holderness  in  1775,  having  become  by  pur 
chase  the  principal  proprietor  of  the  town.  He 
was  elected  attorney-general  by  the  people  in 
1770.  and  in  November,  1771),  was  sent  by  the 
general  court  as  agent  to  the  Continental  con 
gress,  to  support  the  claim  of  the  state  to  the 
New  Hampshire  grants.  In  1780  he  was  made  a 
delegate  to  the  Continental  congress  and  served 
until  1782,  when  he  was  appointed  chief  justice 
of  the  superior  court.  He  was  again  a  delegate 
to  congress,  1785-86  ;  was  a  delegate  to  the  state 
convention  which  met  in  February,  1788,  to 
ratify  the  Federal  constitution,  and  resigned  his 
position  as  chief  justice,  in  1790.  He  was  a  re 
presentative  in  the  1st  congress,  1789-91,  and  was 
re-elected  to  the  '-M  congress,  but  was  transferred 
in  1791  to  the  U.S.  senate,  in  which  body  he 
served  by  re-election  until  June  12,  1801,  when  he 
resigned  on  account  of  ill  health.  He  was  presi 
dent  of  the  state  constitutional  convention  of 
1791.  Dartmouth  college  conferred  upon  him 
the  honorary  degree  of  LL.D.  in  1792.  He  died 
in  Holderness,  N.H.,  May  18,  1808. 

LIVINGSTON,  Edward,  statesman,  was  born 
in  Clermont,  N.Y.,  May  20.1764;  son  of  Robert 
R.  and  Margaret  (Beekman)  Livingston,  and 
grandson  of  Col.  Henry  and  Janet  (Livingston) 
Beekman.  He  was  graduated  at  the  College  of 
New  Jersey,  A.B.  17- 
81,  A.M.,  1784;  stud 
ied  law  with  John 
Lansing  in  Albany, 
N.Y.,  and  with  his 
brother,  Robert  R. 
Livingston,  in  New 
York  city,  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar 
in  178.").  He  was  a 
representative  from 
New  York  in  the  4th, 
5th  and  (5th  con 
gresses,  1795-1801, 
when  he  opposed  the 
administration  of 
President  Washing 
ton,  and  instigated  the  investigation  and  proposed 
the  resolution  calling  upon  the  President  for  a 
copy  of  the  instructions  given  to  John  Jay  in  ref- 
ence  to  the  treaty  with  Great  Britain.  The  reso 
lution  was  adopted  in  the  House  by  a  vote  of  02  to 
37,  but  the  copy  of  the  instructions  was  with 


held  by  the  President  on  the  advice  of  his  cabinet. 
In  the  fourth  presidential  election  when  the  tie 
vote  between  Jefferson  and  Burr  threw  the  elec 
tion  in  the  House,  he  voted  for  Jefferson,  and 
when  his  term  expired  as  representative  in  con 
gress,  March  3.  1801,  he  was  selected  by  President 
Jefferson  as  U.S.  attorney  for  the  district  of  New 
York,  and  Governor  Clinton  in  August,  1801, 
made  him  mayor  of  New  York  city.  In  180.'}  he 
laid  the  corner  stone  of  the  city  hall  and  during 
the  same  year  he  rendered  conspicuous  service  in 
the  yellow  fever  epidemic.  In  his  visits  to  the 
sufferers  he  contracted  the  disease,  and  after  his 
recovery  found  that  his  affairs  had  been  so  badly 
conducted  by  his  business  agent  as  to  cause  a,  de 
ficit  of  $43,600.21,  for  which  he  was  respon 
sible  to  the  government.  He  resigned  both  his 
offices,  confessed  judgment  to  the  amount  of 
$100,000  and  gave  up  his  property  to  cover  the 
loss.  He  left  New  York  for  New  Orleans  in  De 
cember,  1803,  reaching  that  city  in  February, 
1804,  where  he  opened  a  law  office  and  also  en 
gaged  in  land  speculation,  his  fees  being  mostly 
paid  in  land.  He  prepared  a  new  code  of  pro 
cedure  that  was  adopted  by  the  legislature  in 
1805  and  remained  in  force  till  1825,  when  his  re 
vised  code  was  adopted.  He  gained  the  ill-will  of 
President  Madison  by  favoring  the  scheme  of  Burr 
and  of  Gen.  James  Wilkinson  for  the  conquest 
of  Mexico  and  by  defending  its  projectors  in  the 
courts.  He  became  the  legal  adviser  of  the 
Lafittes,  said  to  be  connected  with  smugglers, 
and  when  they  gave  timely  notice  of  the  designs 
of  the  British  against  New  Orleans,  he  was  the 
first  to  give  credence  to  their  report  and  his  faith 
in  their  truthfulness  was  shown  by  his  entrusting 
his  wife  and  child  to  the  care  of  Pierre  Lafitte 
during  the  battle  of  New  Orleans.  He  was  the 
president  of  the  committee  of  public  defence, 
drew  up  the  resolutions,  and  aroused  the  people 
of  the  state  to  a  sense  of  their  danger.  He  was  the 
right  hand  of  General  Jackson  in  his  prepara 
tions  for  the  attack  by  General  Pakenham  ; 
served  on  General  Jackson's  staff  before  and  dur 
ing  the  battle  and  drew  up  the  address  to  the 
army.  He  was  elected  a  representative  in  the 
Louisiana  state  legislature  in  1820,  and  was  a 
representative  from  the  New  Orleans  district  in 
the  18th.  19th  and  20th  congresses,  1823-29;  and 
a  U.S.  senator  from  Louisiana  from  Dec.  7,  1829, 
till  the  close  of  the  21st  congress,  March  3,  1831, 
when  he  resigned  to  accept  the  portfolio  of  state 
in  the  cabinet  of  President  Jackson,  made  vacant 
by  the  resignation  of  Martin  Van  Buren.  The 
state  papers  of  Jackson's  administration  and  the 
nullification  proclamation  of  Dec.  10,  1832,  were 
credited  to  his  pen.  He  resigned  from  the  cabi 
net  in  1833  to  accept  the  mission  to  France,  and 
while  there  he  accomplished  the  settlement  of  the 


[92] 


LIVINGSTON 


LIVINGSTON 


French  spoliation  claims.  In  1835  lie  returned  to 
the  United  States,  leaving  his  son-in-law,  T.  P. 
Barton,  as  charge  d'affaires.  In  1830  he  appeared 
before  the  U.S.  supreme  court  at  Washington, 
where  he  argued  the  claims  of  the  city  of  New 
Orleans  against  the  U.S.  government.  lie  was 
bequeathed  by  his  sister  Janet,  widow  of  Gen. 
Richard  Montgomery,  the  "  Montgomery  Place." 
above  Barry  town  on  the  Hudson  river,  N.Y.,  and 
on  his  return  from  France  he  made  his  home 
there.  He  was  married  first,  April  10,  1788,  to 
Mary,  oldest  daughter  of  Charles  McEvers,  a  New 
York  merchant  ;  she  died,  March  13,  1801,  and  in 
180.")  he  married  Madame  Louisa  (D'Avezac)  Mo- 
reau,  sister  of  Major  D'Avezac,  aide-de-camp  to 
General  Jackson.  At  the  time  of  this  second 
marriage  she  was  only  nineteen  years  of  age,  and 
unable  to  speak  English.  They  had  one  daugh 
ter.  Cora,  who  became  the  wife  of  Thomas  P. 
Barton,  of  Philadelphia,  who  accompanied  his 
father-in-law  to  Paris  as  secretary  of  legation. 
Edward  Livingston  received  the  honorary  degree 
of  LL.I).  from  Columbia  in  1823,  from  Transyl 
vania  university  in  1824  and  from  Harvard  in 
1834.  He  was  a  corresponding  member  of  the  In- 
stitut  de  France  ;  a  member  of  the  American 
Philosophical  society,  and  a  trustee  of  Columbia 
college,  1793-1806.  His  name  was  one  of  the 
eleven  in  "Class  J,  Judges  and  Lawyers,''  sub 
mitted,  October,  1900,  for  a  place  in  the  Hall  of 
Fame  for  Great  Americans,  New  York  university, 
and  received  seventeen  votes,  the  class  standing 
in  order  of  preferment :  Marshall,  Kent,  Story, 
Choato  and  Livingston.  He  is  the  author  of: 
Judicial  Opinions,  Mayor's  Court,  City  of  AVw 
Yurie.  lrtJ.2  (1803);  Report  of  the  Plan,  of  tJie 
Penal  ( 'ode  of  Louisiana  (1822);  System  of  Penal 
Lair  for  the  State  of  Louisiana  (1826);  System 
of  Penal  Lair  for  the  raited  States  (1828).  These 
were  published  as  Complete  Works  on  Criminal 
Jurisprudence  (1873).  See  Life  by  Charles  H. 
Hunt  (1864),  and  Recollections  by  Augusta 
D'Avezac  in  the  Democratic  Review  (1840).  He 
died  at  Montgomery  Place,  Barry  town,  Duchess 
county,  N.Y.,  May  23,  1836. 

LIVINGSTON,  Henry  Beekman,  soldier,  was 
born  at  Livingston  Manor,  Clermont,  N.Y.,  Nov. 
9,1750;  son  of  Robert  R.  and  Margaret  (Beek 
man)  Livingston.  At  the  outbreak  of  the  Revo 
lution  he  raised  a  company  of  infantry  and  in 
August,  1775,  he  accompanied  his  brother-in-law, 
Gen.  Richard  Montgomery,  on  his  expedition  to 
Canada.  He  participated  in  the  capture  of 
Chambly,  and  in  December,  1775,  congress  voted 
him  a  sword  for  gallantry  displayed  at  the  capture. 
He  was  made  aide-de-camp  to  Gen.  Philip  Schuy- 
ler  in  February,  1776,  and  later  in  the  year  was 
appointed  colonel  of  the  4th  battalion,  New  York 
volunteers,  which  office  he  resigned  in  1779.  He 


was  a  personal  friend  of  Lafayette,  having  served 
with  him  in  New  Jersey  and  Rhode  Island.  He 
was  commissioned  a  brigadier-general  at  the  close 
of  the  war  and  retired  to  the  Beekman  estate  at 
Rhinebeck,  N.Y.,  which  he  had  inherited.  He 
was  one  of  the  original  members  of  the  New  York 
Society  of  the  Cincinnati.  He  was  married  to 
Ann  Horn  Shippen  of  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  died 
at  Rhinebeck,  N.  Y.,  Nov.  5,  1831. 

LIVINGSTON,  Henry  Brockholst,  jurist,  was 
born  in  New  York  city,  Nov.  26,  1757,  son  of  Will 
iam  and  Susannah  (French)  Livingston.  He  was 
graduated  from  the  College  of  New  Jersey,  A.H. 
1774,  A.M.  1777,  and  at  the  outbreak  of  the  Revo 
lutionary  war  he  was  commissioned  a  captain  in 
the  Continental  army  and  served  as  aide-de-camp 
to  Gen.  Philip  Schuyler,  being  attached  to  the 
northern  department  and  ranking  as  a  major. 
He  was  aide  to  Gen.  Arthur  St.  Clair  ;  partici 
pated  in  the  siege  of  Fort  Ticonderoga,  and  was 
present  at  the  surrender  of  General  Burgoyne's 
army  at  Saratoga,  Oct.  17,  1777.  He  returned  to 
General  Schuyler's  army  and  was  promoted  lieu 
tenant-colonel.  In  1779  he  went  to  Spain  as  pri 
vate  secretary  to  his  brother-in-law,  John  Jay,  and 
during  his  voyage  home  in  1782  was  captured  by 
the  British  and  taken  to  New  York,  where  he 
was  imprisoned  until  the  arrival  of  Sir  Guy 
Carleton,  as  Commander-in-chief  of  the  British 
forces.  He  removed  to  Albany,  studied  law  un 
der  Peter  Yates ;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1783  and  practised  in  New  York  city.  He  was 
judge  of  the  rupreme  court  of  New  York,  1802-07  ; 
and  succeeded  William  Patterson  as  associate 
justice  of  the  U.S.  supreme  court  in  1807.  He 
was  an  original  trustee  of  the  New  York  Society 
library  in  1788  ;  and  the  2d  vice  president  of  the 
New  York  Historical  society  in  1805.  The  honor 
ary  degree  of  LL. D.  was  conferred  on  him  by 
Harvard  in  1818.  He  was  three  times  married*: 
iirst  to  Catharine  Kettletas  ;  secondly  to  Aim  N., 
daughter  of  Gabriel  Henry  Ludlow,  and'  thirdly 
to  Catharine  Kortright,  daughter  of  Edmund 
Seamen  and  widow  of  John  Kortright.  lie  died 
in  Washington,  D.C.,  March  19,  1823. 

LIVINGSTON,  Henry  Walter,  representative, 
was  born  at  Livingston  Manor,  Columbia  countj', 
N.Y.,  in  1768;  son  of  Walter  and  Cornelia  (Sehuy- 
ler)  Livingston.  He  was  graduated  from  Yale, 
A.B.,  1788,  A.M.,  1789,  studied  law,  and  practised 
in  New  York  city.  He  was  private  secretary  to 
Gouverneur  Morris  during  the  latter's  service  as 
U.S.  minister  plenipotentiary  to  France,  1792-94  ; 
was  elected  judge  of  the  court  of  common  pleas 
of  Columbia  county,  and  was  a  representative  in 
the  8th  and  9th  congresses,  1803-07.  He  was 
married  to  Mary  Penn,  granddaughter  of  Will 
iam  Allen,  chief  justice  of  Pennsylvania,  1750-54. 
He  died  at  Livingston  Manor,  Dec.  22,  1810. 


[93] 


LIVINGSTON 

LIVINGSTON,    James,    soldier,    \vas    born   in 
lower  Canada,  March  27,  1747  ;  son  ol'  John  and 
Catharine  (Ten  Broeck)  Livingston  and  grandson 
of  Robert  Livingston  and  of  (Jen.  Abraham  Ten 
Broeck.     James  inherited  from  his  father  a  large 
landed   estate    in    Canada.     lie   attended   Kings 
(Columbia)  college,  Ne\v  York  city,  and  was  col 
onel  of  the  regiment  of  Canadian  refugees  who 
originally  went  from  the  Uniled  States  to  Canada 
but  returned   upon  the  outbreak  of  the  Revolu 
tion.     They    were  organized   into  a  regiment  at 
the  time  of  the   invasion    of   Canada   by  General 
Montgomery,    and    his    brothers    Abraham    and 
Richard  served  respectively  as  captain  and  lieu 
tenant-colonel.     He  participated  in  the  battle  of 
Quebec  ;  in   the   capture   of   Fort   Clmmbly,  St. 
John's  and  Montreal.     The  night  before  the  at 
tack   on    Quebec,    Dec;.  30,   1775.    General   Mont 
gomery    spent    at    Colonel    Livingston's    house 
near  by.  and  at  fche  time  of  Montgomery's  death, 
Colonel   Livingston    was   so  near    him   that   the 
blood  from  the  general's  wound  fell  on  his  arm. 
He   subsequently   participated    in    the    battle   of 
Still  water,  Sept.  1!),  1777  and  at  the  surrender  of 
Burgoyne,  Oct.   17.   1777.     He  was   stationed  on 
the  Hudson  to  defend  the  passes,  protect  King's 
Ferry  and  strengthen  West  Point,  and  on  Aug.  3, 
1780,  was   ordered     by   General    Washington   to 
garrison  the   redoubts  at  Stony  Point  and  Ver- 
plank's  Point,  thus  leaving  Arnold  alone  at  West 
Point.     On  Sept.  21,  1780,  Colonel  Livingston,  by 
obtaining  from  John  Lamb  a  four  pounder  and 
ammunition,  and  with  his  first  shot  cutting  the 
anchor  rope  of  the   Vulture  causing  her  to  drop 
down  stream  to  Tarry  town,  prevented  the  meet 
ing  between  Arnold  and  Andre,  his  action  result 
ing  in  Andre's  capture.     When  Washington  re 
turned  from  bis  visit  to  Count   Rochambeau  at 
Hartford,  he  sent  for  Colonel  Livingston,  Sept. 
25,  1780,  and  first  beard  from  him  the  details  of 
Arnold's   treason   and    escape    on   the     Vulture. 
Colonel  Livingston  was  retired  on  half  pay  at  the 
close  of  the  war,  and  as  his  property  in  Canada 
bad  been  confiscated  by  the  British  government 
he  removed   to  Johnstown,   N.Y.,   where  be  en 
gaged  in  farming  and  subsequently  kept  a  store. 
He  was  a  member   of  the  state   assembly,  from 
Sehuylerville,  N.Y.,  1784—91.     Colonel  Livingston 
was  married  to  Elizabeth  Simpson  of  Montreal. 
He  died  at  Sehuylerville,  N.Y.,  Nov.  29,  1832. 

LIVINGSTON,  John  Henry,  educator,  was 
born  in  Poughkeepsie,  N.Y.,  May  30,  174G  ;  son 
of  Henry  and  Susan  (Conklin)  Livingston  ; 
grandson  of  Gilbert  and  Cornelia  (Beekman) 
Livingston  and  of  John  Conklin,  and  great-grand 
son  of  Robert  Livingston,  the  immigrant.  He 
was  graduated  from  Yale,  A.B.,  17(52,  A.M.,  1705, 
and  commenced  the  study  of  law,  which  he  aban 
doned  for  the  ministry.  He  was  graduated  from 


LIVINGS 

the  University  of  Utrecht,  Holland,  in  1767,  and 
with  the  degree  of  D.D.  in  1  770  :  was  invited  to  take 
charge  of  one  of  the  Reformed  Dutch  churches 
in  New  York,  and  was  ordained  by  the  classis  of 


Amsterdam  June  5,  17(10.  Upon  his  return  to  New 
York  city  in  September,  1769.  he  was  made  pastor 
of  the  Fulton  Street  Reformed  Dutch  church,  and 
was  instrumental  in  settling  the  dispute  in  the 
church  between  the  Cuetus  and  Conferentic  par 
ties.  He  was  chaplain  of  the  provincial  congress 
held  in  New  York  in  1775  and  upon  the  occu 
pancy  of  New  York  by  the  British  army  in  Sept 
ember,  1776,  he  removed  to  Livingston  Manor, 
N.Y.,  serving  as  pastor  at  Kingston,  in  1776  ; 
Albany,  1776-79;  Lithgow.  1779-81.  and  Pough 
keepsie,  1781-83,  resuming  his  pastorate  in  New 
York  city  in  1783.  He  was  at  that  time  theonly 
active  Dutch  Reformed  clergyman  in  New  York 
citv,  the  three  other  collegiate  churches  boing 
without  pastors.  In  1784  he  was  appointed  pro 
fessor  of  theology  for  the  church  by  the  general 
synod  upon  the  recommendation  of  the  theological 
faculty  of  Utrecht,  Holland,  and  upon  the  open 
ing  of  a  theological  seminary  at  Flatbush,  L.I.,  in 
1795,  he  assumed  charge,  but  closed  the  doors  in 
1797  for  want  of  support.  He  was  president  of 
Queen's  college,  New  Brunswick.  N.J.,  and  pro 
fessor  of  theology,  1807-25.  He  was  vice-president 
of  the  Society  for  the  Propagation  of  the  Gospel 
among  the  American  Indians  and  was  a  regent 
of  the  University  of  the  State  of  New  York, 
1784-87.  He  was  married  to  Sarah,  daughter  of 
Philip  and  Christiana  (Ten  Broeck)  Livingston. 
He  is  the  author  of  :  Funeral  Serviee  :  or  Medita 
tions  Adapted  to  Funeral  Addresses  (1812);  and 
A  Dissertation  on  the  Marriage  of  a  Man  irilh 
his  Sister-in- Lair  (1816).  He  was  chairman  of  a 
committee  appointed  in  1787  to  compile  "Selec 
tion  of  Psalms  for  Use  in  Public  Worship."  He 
died  in  New  Brunswick.  N.J.,  Jan.  20,  1825. 

LIVINGSTON,  John  William,  naval  officer, 
was  born  in  New  York  city.  May  22,  1804  :  son  of 
William  and  Eliza  (Livingston)  Turk,  and  grand 
son  of  John  and  Ann  (Saunders)  Livingston,  lie 
obtained  permission  in  1843  by  act  of  legislature 
[94] 


LIVINGSTON 


LIVINGSTON 


to  assume  his  mother's  surname.  He  was  ap 
pointed  a  midshipman  in  the  U.S.  navy  and 
served  in  the  Mediterranean  squadron  during  the 
war  with  the  Tripolitan  pirates  ;  was  commis 
sioned  lieutenant  in  June,  1832  ;  was  assigned  to 
the  frigate  Congress,  and  was  connected  with  the 
Pacific  squadron  during  the  war  with  Mexico, 
18io-47.  He  was  attached  to  the  East  India 
squadron,  1848-49;  was  made  commander  in  1855  ; 
was  in  charge  of  the  St.  Louis  and  cruised  off  the 
coast  of  Africa,  185(5-58  ;  commanded  the  Penguin 
and  was  attached  to  the  blockading  squadron, 
1861-62;  was  promoted  captain  in  1861;  commo 
dore  in  July,  1862,  and  after  the  evacuation  of  the 
Norfolk  navy  yard  by  the  Confederates  he  was 
put  in  charge,  remaining  there  until  1864.  He 
was  at  the  naval  stationgat  Mound  City,  111.,  1865- 
66:  ordered  on  special  service,  and  in  May,  1868, 
was  commissioned  rear-admiral.  He  was  retired 
from  service  in  1814  and  resided  in  New  York 
city,  where  he  died,  Sept.  10,  1885. 

LIVINGSTON,  Leonidas  Felix,  representative, 
was  born  in  Newton  county,  Ga..  April  3,  1882; 
son  of  Alfred  and  Harriett  M.  Livingston,  and 
grandson  of  Adam  Livingston  of  Scotch  ancestry 
who  immigrated  from  the  north  of  Ireland  and 
served  under  General  Washington  during  the 
Revolutionary  war.  He  was  educated  in  the 
public  schools  of  his  native  county  and  at  an  early 
age  assisted  on  his  father's  farm.  He  served  as  a 
private  in  the  Confederate  army  in  Cobb's  legion 
in  1861  ;  under  Bragg  in  the  West  in  1862,  and 
remained  in  the  army  until  the  close  of  the  war 
in  1865,  and  thereafter  engaged  in  farming  in 
Kings,  Ga.  He  was  a  representative  in  the 
Georgia  legislature,  1876-77  and  1879-81.  and  a 
member  of  the  state  senate  in  1882  a,nd  1888,  and 
was  chairman  of  the  committee  on  agriculture  in 
both  the  house  and  senate.  He  was  a  Democratic 
representative  from  the  fifth  Georgia  district  in 
the  52d,  58d,  54th,  55th,  56th  and  57th  congresses, 
1891-1908.  He  was  a  member  of  the  executive  com 
mittee  of  the  State  Agricultural  societ3r,  1869-71, 
vice-president  of  the  society,  1871-84,  and  presi- 
dent.l 884-88  ;  and  was  president  of  the  State  Alli 
ance  of  Georgia,  1888-90.  He  of  ten  served  as  dele 
gate  to  the  general  assembly  of  the  Presbyterian 
church  and  made  a  national  reputation  in  his 
debate  with  the  Rev.  S.  K.  Smoot  in  St.  Louis, 
Mo.,  in  1887. 

LIVINGSTON,  Peter  Van  Brugh,  merchant, 
was  born  in  Albany,  N.Y.,  in  October,  1710; 
second  son  of  Philip  and  Catharine  (Van  Brugh) 
Livingston.  He  was  graduated  from  Yale,  A.B., 
1781.  A.M.,  1784.  On  Nov.  3,  1789,  he  was  married 
to  Mary,  daughter  of  James  Alexander  and  sister 
of  William  Alexander,  Lord  Stirling.  He  engaged 
in  business  as  a  merchant  in  partnership  with  his 
brother-in-law  for  a  number  of  years,  they  fur 


nishing  the  supplies  for  Governor  Shirley's  expe 
dition  to  Acadia  in  1755.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  governor's  council ;  a  member  of  the  com 
mittee  of  one  hundred  ;  a  delegate  to  the  1st  and 
2d  provincial  congresses  of  New  York,  1775-76  ; 
president  of  the  1st  congress  and  state  treasurer, 
1775-77,  participating  in  the  measures  that  led  to 
the  Revolution.  He  was  an  original  trustee  of 
the  College  01  New  Jersey,  1748-61.  He  died  at 
Liberty  Hall,  Elizabethtown,  N.J.,  Dec.  28,  1792. 

LIVJNGSTON,  Philip,  second  lord  of  the 
manor,  was  born  in  Albany,  N.Y.,  July  9,  1686  ; 
son  of  Robert  and  Alida  (Schuyler)  Van  Rensse- 
laer  Livingston.  His  mother  was  the  daughter  of 
Philip  Schuyler  and  widow  of  Nicholas  Van 
Rensselaer.  He  served  as  deputy  secretary  of 
Indian  affairs  under  his  father,  and  in  1722  suc 
ceeded  him  as  secretary.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  provincial  assembly  from  Albany  in  1709; 
took  part  in  the  battle  of  Port  Royal  in  1710  and 
subsequently  was  appointed  a  colonel  in  the  pro 
vincial  army.  He  was  appointed  county  clerk  in 
1721  and  was  a  member  of  the  provincial  conrcil, 
1725-49.  Upon  his  father's  death  in  1725  he  be 
came  the  second  lord  of  the  manor.  He  was 
married  to  Catharine,  daughter  of  Peter  Van 
Brugh,  for  many  years  mayor  of  the  city  of 
Albany.  He  had  palatial  residences  in  New  York 
city,  Albany  and  on  the  manor.  His  eldest  son 
Robert  became  third  and  last  lord  of  the  manor, 
and  his  daughter  Sarah  was  married  to  William 
Alexander  (Lord  Stirling)  (q.  v.)  Philip  Living 
ston  died  in  New  York  city,  Feb.  4,  1749. 

LIVINGSTON,  Philip,  signer,  was  born  in 
Albany,  N.Y..  Jan.  15,  1716,  son  of  Philip  and 
Catharine  (Van  Brugh)  Livingston.  He  was  grad 
uated  from  Yale.  A.B.,  1737,  A.M.,  1740,  and  en 
gaged  in  business  in 
New  York  city  as  a 
merchant.  He  was 
one  of  the  seven 
aldermen  of  the  city, 
1754-68  :  a  member 
of  the  provincial  as 
sembly.  1763-69  and 
speaker  in  1768  ;  a 
member  of  the  com 
mittee  of  correspond 
ence  ;  a  delegate  to 
the  stamp-act  con 
gress  in  October,  17- 
65:  a  delegate  to  the 
Continental  congress, 
1774-78,  and  at  the 
first  convention  of  that  body  he  was  one  of  the 
committee  appointed  to  prepare  an  address  to  the 
People  of  Great  Britain.  He  was  one  of  the  four 
delegates  from  New  York  who  signed  the  Decla 
ration  of  Independence.  It  was  at  his  residence 


[05] 


LIVINGSTON 


LIVINGSTON 


on  Brooklyn  Heights,  N.V.,  that  Washington 
held  the  council  of  war  that  decided  on  the  re 
treat  from  Long  Island  in  1770.  lie  \\.is  a  mem 
ber  of  the  state  assembly  and  in  May  1777.  was 
chosen  state  senator.  He  was  one  of  the  founders 
of  the  New  York  Society  library  in  1754:  of  the 
chamber  of  commerce  in  1770  ;  and  one  of  the 
governors  of  the  New  York  hospital  in  1771.  He 
was  prominent  in  the  establishment  of  King's 
college,  and  in  1746  he  aided  in  founding  the  Liv 
ingston  professorship  of  divinity  at  Yale.  He  was 
married  to  Christina,  daughter  of  Kichard  Ten 
Broeck,  recorder  of  Albany.  He  died  while  in 
attendance  at  the  6th  session  of  the  Continental 
congress,  at  York,  Pa.,  June  12,  1778. 

LIVINGSTON,  Robert,  first  lord  of  the  manor. 
was  born  at  Ancnim,  Roxburghshire,  Scotland, 
Dec.  13,  1654  ;  son  of  Dr.  John  Livingston  (1603- 
1072), a  Presbyterian  minister,  who  was  banished 
from  Scotland  in  1663,  on  account  of  his  non 
conformist  views,  and  went  to  Holland  soon  after 
the  restoration  of  Charles  II.  Robert  accompanied 
his  father  in  his  flight  to  Rotterdam,  and  immi 
grated  to  America  in  1673,  and  after  spending 
part  of  a  year  in  Charlestown,  Massachusetts  Bay 
colony,  removed  to  Albany,  N.Y.,  where  he  was 
secretary  of  the  commissaries  who  superintended 
the  affairs  of  Albany.  Schenectady,  and  the  parts 
adjacent,  1675-86.  He  was  married  in  1683  to 
Alida,  daughter  of  Philip  Pietersen  Schuyler,  and 
widow  of  Nicholas  Van  Rensselaer.  In  1686  he 
received  from  Governor  Thomas  Dougan  a  grant 
of  land  comprising  large  parts  of  what  was  sub 
sequently  set  off  as  Dutchess  county,  and  the 
grant  was  confirmed  by  royal  charter  from  George 
L.  who  erected  the  manor  and  lordship  of  Living 
ston.  Robert  Livingston  was  appointed  to  pro 
ceed  to  New  York  with  his  brother-in-law,  Peter 
Schuyler,  to  obtain  a  charter  for  the  manor  from 
Governor  Dougan,  under  which  charter  he  was 
town  clerk,  1686-1 72 1.  In  1680  he  attached  him 
self  to  the  anti-Leisler  faction.  He  was  secretary 
of  the  convention  held  at  Albany,  Oct.  25,  1689, 
which,  while  it  acknowledged  the  sovereignty  of 
William  and  Mary,  opposed  Leisler's  proceedings. 
AYhen  Richard  Petty,  sheriff  of  Albany,  reported 
to  Leisler  that  Livingston  favored  the  Prince  of 
Orange,  Leisler  ordered  Livingston's  arrest,  and 
the  latter  retired  to  one  of  the  neighboring  pro 
vinces  until  the  arrival  of  Sloughter,  in  March, 
1691.  In  1694  lie  made  a  voyage  to  England,  was 
shipwrecked  on  the  coast  of  Portugal,  and  obliged 
to  travel  through  Spain  and  France  by  land.  He 
returned  to  New  York  in  1696,  accompanied  by 
his  nephew,  Robert  Livingston.  "While  in  Eng 
land  lie  was  appointed  by  royal  commission, 
dated  Jan.  27.  169/5-96,  commissioner  of  excise, 
receiver  of  quit  rent*,  town  clerk,  clerk  of  the 
peace,  clerk  of  the  common  pleas  for  the  city  and 


county  of  Albany,  and  secretary  for  the  govern 
ment  of  the  Indians  in  New  York.  He  ob 
tained  for  Robert  Kidd  a  commission  to  rid  the 
American  seas  of  buccaneers  ;  but  Kidd  himself 
turned  pirate  and  the  expedition  failed.  In  Sep 
tember,  1696,  the  charge  of  alienation  was  pre 
ferred  against  him  by  the  council,  but  through  the 
influence  of  Lord  Bellomont,  who  arrived  in  April, 
1698.  to  take  charge  of  the  government,  he  was 
appointed  one  of  the  council.  September,  1698,  and 
in  the  autumn  of  1700,  was  reinstated  in  all  his 
offices.  He  was  accused  by  the  Leisleriaii  com 
mission  of  appropriating  the  public  money  for 
his  own  use,  and  of  employing  improper  influ 
ences  to  induce  the  Indians  to  favor  his  going  to 
England  on  behalf  of  their  interests  at  the  court. 
He  refused  to  exonerate  himself  of  the  charge  by 
oath  and  on  April  27.  1701,  his  estates  were  con 
fiscated  and  he  was  suspended  from  the  council 
board.  Through  the  intercession  of  Lord  Corn- 
bury  he  was  vindicated.  On  Feb.  2,  170;?.  he  re 
gained  his  estates,  and  in  September,  170."),  he  was 
reinstated  in  his  former  offices.  He  was  elected 
a  member  of  the  assembly  from  Albany  in  1711, 
and  from  his  manor,  1710-25.  serving  as  speaker, 
1718-25,  when  he  retired  on  account  of  ill-health. 
He  died  in  Albany,  N.  Y.,  April  20.  1725. 

LIVINGSTON,  Robert  R,  jurist,  was  born  in 
New  York  city,  in  August,  1718;  son  of  Robert  and 
Margaret  (Howerden)  Livingston,  and  grandson 
of  Robert  and  Alida  (Schuyler)  Aran  Rensselaer 
Livingston.  He  received  a  superior  education 
and  practised  law  in  New  York  city.  He  was 
judge  of  the  admiralty  court.  1700-63  ;  justice  of 
the  colonial  supreme  court,  1763  ;  member  of  the 
provincial  assembly,  1759-08  ;  a  delegate  to  the 
stamp  act  congress  of  1705  ;  commissioner  to  de 
cide  upon  the  boundary  line  between  New  York 
and  Massachusetts.  KOT.  and  again  in  1773.  and  a 
member  of  the  committee.1  of  one  hundred  in  1775. 
He  married  Margaret,  daughter  of  Col.  Henry 
and  Janet  (Livingston)  Beekman.  He  died  at 
his  country  seat,  Clermont,  N.Y.,  Dec.  9,  1775. 

LIVINGSTON,  Robert  R,  statesman,  was  born 
in  New  York  city,  Nov.  27,  174-6  :  son  and  second 
child  of  Robert  R  and  Margaret,  (Beekman)  Liv 
ingston.  He  was  graduated  from  King's  college. 
A.B.,  1705.  A.M.,  1768;  studied  law  under  Will 
iam  Smith  and  William  Livingston  ;  was  admit 
ted  to  the  bar  in  1773.  and  formed  a  partnership 
with  John  Jay.  with  whom  lie  practised  in  New 
York  city.  He  was  recorder  of  the  city  of  New 
York  by  appointment  of  Governor  Tryon,  1773- 
75,  being  obliged  to  relinquish  the  position  on 
account  of  his  outspoken  espousal  of  the  patriot 
cause  in  1775.  He  was  a  member  of  the  provin 
cial  assembly  in  1775  ;  was  a  delegate  to  the  Con 
tinental  congress.  1775-77  and  1779-81.  and  was 
a  member  of  the  committee  of  five,  comprised 


LIVINGSTON 


LIVINGSTON 


of  Adams,  Jefferson.  Franklin,  Livingston  and 
Sherman,  appointed  to  draw  up  the  Declaration 
of  Independence,  but  was  obliged  to  return  to  his 
duties  in  the  provincial  assembly  without  signing 
the  instrument.  He  was  a  member  of  the  com 
mittee  that  drafted 
the  state  constitution 
adopted  at  the  King 
ston  convention  in 
1777.  He  was  chan 
cellor  of  the  state  un 
der  the  new  consti 
tution,  1785-1801,  and 
in  that  capacity  he 
administered  the  oath 
of  office  to  President 
Washington,  April 
30,  1789.  He  was 
secretary  of  foreign 
affairs  for  the  Unit 
ed  States,  1781-83, 
and  was  chairman 

of  the  state  convention  at  Poughkeepsie  in 
1788,  to  consider  the  adoption  of  the  U.S.  con 
stitution.  He  declined  the  office  of  U.S.  minister 
to  France  preferred  by  President  Washington  in 
1794,  and  in  1801  the  portfolio  of  the  navy  from 
President  Jefferson/  who  also  offered  him  the 
mission  to  France,  which  latter  he  accepted,  re 
signing  his  chancellorship.  AVhile  in  France  he 
formed  a  strong  friendship  with  Napoleon  Bona 
parte  ;  and  he  made  the  initial  movement  that 
resulted  in  the  purchase  of  Louisiana  from  the 
French  in  180:3.  He  travelled  through  Europe 
after  resigning  his  office  as  U.S.  minister  in  1803, 
and  while  in  Paris  he  became  interested  in  the 
invention  of  the  steamboat  of  Robert  Fulton, 
whom  he  assisted  in  his  enterprise  with  his  coun 
sel  and  money,  eventually  becoming  his  partner. 
The  first  steamboat,  owned  by  Livingston  and 
Fulton,  was  built  in  France  and  was  launched 
upon  the  Seine  but  was  a  failure,  and  on  return 
ing  to  America  they  had  another  steamboat,  the 
Clei'mont,  built  and  launched  on  the  Hudson  in 
1807,  which  was  a  success.  This  boat  was  named 
after  the  Livingston  home  in  Columbia  county, 
N.Y.  He  retired  from  public  life  and  resided  at 
Clermont,  where  he  engaged  in  agriculture  and 
stock  raising  ;  was  the  first  to  introduce  pow 
dered  gypsum  in  agriculture,  and  also  introduced 
merino  sheep  west  of  the  Hudson  river.  The 
honorary  degree  of  LL.D.  was  conferred  on  him 
by  the  regents  of  the  University  of  the  State  of 
New  York  in  1792.  He  was  a  founder  of  the 
American  Academy  of  Fine  Arts  in  New  York 
in  1801,  and  was  its  first  president  :  was  president 
of  the  New  York  Society  for  the  Promotion  of 
Useful  Arts,  and  upon  the  reorganization  of  the 
New  York  Society  library  in  1788,  he  was  ap 


pointed  a  trustee.  He  published  many  essays 
and  addresses  on  fine  arts  and  agriculture.  His 
statue,  with  that  of  George  Clinton,  forming  the 
group  of  the  two  most  eminent  citizens  of  New 
York,  was  placed  in  the  capitol  in  Washington 
by  act  of  congress.  In  the  selection  of  names 
for  a  place  in  the  Hall  of  Fame  for  Great  Ameri 
cans,  New  York  university,  made  in  October, 
1900,  his  was  one  of  the  thirty-seven  names  in 
"  Class  M,  Rulers  and  Statesmen,"  and  received 
only  three  votes — his  votes  in  the  class  equalling 
those  for  Richard  Henry  Lee  and  Stephen  A. 
Douglas,  and  exceeding  those  for  Martin  Van 
Buren,  Charles  Carroll  of  Carrollton,  John  J. 
Crittenden  and  Henry  Wilson.  He  was  married 
to  Mary,  daughter  of  John  Stevens,  of  New  Jer 
sey,  and  they  had  two  children,  Elizabeth  S.. 
who  married  Edward  P.  Livingston,  and  Margaret 
M.,  who  married  Robert  L.  Livingston.  He  died 
suddenly  at  Clermont,  N.Y.,  Feb.  26,  1813. 

LIVINGSTON,  Walter,  delegate,  was  born 
in  1710;  son  of  Robert  and  Mary  (Long)  Living 
ston,  and  grandson  of  Philip  Livingston,  the 
signer.  lie  was  a  delegate  to  the  provincial 
congress  held  in  New  York  in  April,  and  May, 
1775  ;  and  was  appointed  one  of  the  judges  of 
Albany  county  by  the  convention  held  at  Kings 
ton,  N.Y.,  in  1777.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the 
Continental  congress,  1784-85 ;  and  in  1785  he 
was  appointed  commissioner  of  the  U.S.  treasury. 
Tie  was  married  to  Cornelia,  daughter  of  Peter 
Schuyler.  He  died  in  New  York  city,  May  14,  1797. 

LIVINGSTON,  William,  governor  of  New  Jer 
sey,  was  boriiin  Albany,  N.Y.,  Nov.  30,  1723  ;  son 
of  Philip  and  Catharine  (Van  Brngh)  Livingston. 
He  was  graduated  from  Yale  college,  A.B. ,  1741, 
A.M.,  1714;  studied 
law  in  the  office  of 
James  Alexander, 
1711-46,  and  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar, 
Oct.  14,  1718.  He 
was  married  in  1715 
to  Susannah,  daugh 
ter  of  Philip  French, 
of  New  Brunswick, 
and  granddaughter 
of  Maj.  Anthony 
Brockhalls,  formerly 
governor  of  New 
York.  He  establish 
ed  the  Independent 
Reflector  in  New 

York  in  1752.  He  was  a  commissioner  in  1754  to 
adjust  the  boundary  line  between  New  York  and 
Massachusetts,  and  subsequently  between  New 
York  and  New  Jersey.  With  the  assistance  of 
his  brother,  Philip  Livingston,  his  brother-in-law, 
William  Alexander,  and  a  few  others,  lie  estab- 


LIVINGSTON 


LLOYD 


lished  the  New  York  Society  library  in  1754.  lie 
was  a  member  of  the  provincial  assembly  from 
Livingston  manor,  1750-61.  He  published  articles 
in  the  Weekly  Post  Boy  denouncing  the  stamp 
act.  In  17(50  lie  purchased  a  farm  at  Elizabeth- 
to\vn,  N.J.,  to  which  he  removed  in  1772.  On 
June  11.  1774,  he  ivas  appointed  to  represent  Essex 
county  in  a  committee  of  correspondence  to  select 
delegates  for  election  to  the  first  Continental 
congress,  July  23,  1774.  lie  was  a  delegate  from 
New  Jersey  to  the  Continental  congress,  1774-76, 
and  served  on  man}-  important  committees.  He 
was  appointed  commander-in-chief  of  the  New 
Jersey  militia  with  the  rank  of  brigadier-general 
in  June,  1776  ;  was  governor  of  New  Jersey,  1776- 
90,  and  was  nominated  in  January,  1785,  one  of 
the  commissioners  to  superintend  the  construc 
tion  of  the  Federal  buildings,  but  declined  the 
honor  as  he  did  that  of  U.S.  minister  plenipoten 
tiary  to  the  Hague,  June  23,  1785,  owing  to  his 
advanced  age.  It  was  largely  through  his  efforts 
that  the  legislature  of  New  Jersey  passed  the  act 
forbidding  the  importation  of  slaves,  March  2, 
1786.  In  1787  he  was  a  delegate  to  the  Philadel 
phia  convention  that  framed  the  U.S.  constitu 
tion,  and  he  signed  the  instrument  Sept.  17,  1787. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  American  Philosophical 
society,  and  of  the  American  Academy  of  Arts 
and  Sciences.  The  honorary  degree  of  LL.D. 
was  conferred  on  him  by  Yale  college  in  1788. 
He  published,  in  conjunction  with  William  Smith, 
Jr.,  ^4  Digest  of  the  Laics  of  New  York,  1691-179,3 
(2  vols.,  1752-62. )  He  is  the  author  of  :  Philosophic 
Solitude,  or  the  Choice  of  a  Rural  Life  (1747);  A 
Review  of  the  Military  Operations  in  North 
America  (1757)  ;  Observations  on  Government 
(1787).  He  died  at  "Liberty  Hall."  Elizabeth- 
town,  N.J..  July  25,  1790. 

LIVINGSTON,  William,  educator,  was  born  in 
Unity,  N. II.,  Oct.  12,  1815;  son  of  James  and 
Hannah  (Clifford)  Livingston.  His  early  life  was 
spent  on  a  farm  and  he  was  graduated  from 
Norwich  university  in  1839  and  taught  school  in 
Cavendish  and  Unity  Center.  He  received  the 
fellowship  of  the  Green  Mountain  association 
of  Universalists  in  June,  1843;  was  ordained  in 
Hartford.  Vt.,  Jan.  8,  1846,  and  preached  in 
various  places  in  New  Hampshire  and  Vermont. 
In  1855  he  became  professor  of  natural  science  at 
Lombard  university,  Galesburg,  111.  ;  was  chosen 
provisional  president  in  1872  and  financial  secre 
tary  of  the  university  in  1875.  He  was  twice 
married,  first  in  1842  to  Eliza  A.  Pierce,  who  died 
in  1855  and  secondly  in  1858  to  Lucinda  A.  Still- 
man  of  Chillicothe,  111.,  who  died  in  1887.  Mr. 
Livingston  died  at  Galesburg,  111..  Dec.  29.  1879. 

LLOYD,  Arthur  Selden,  clergyman,  was  born 
at  Mount  Ida,  Alexandria,  county.  Va.,  May  3, 
1857  ;  son  of  John  Janney  and  Eliza  Armistead 


(Selden)  Lloyd,  and  grandson  of  John  and  Rebecca 
(Janney)  Lloyd  and  of  Wilson  Cary  and  Mary 
(Armistead)  Selden.  He  attended  the  Potomac 
academy  at  Alexandria,  Va.  ;  studied  at  the  Uni 
versity  of  Virginia,  1874-77,  and  was  graduated 
from  the  Theological  Seminary  of  Virginia  in 
1880.  He  was  married  June  30,  1880,  to  Lizzie 
Robertson,  daughter  of  William  Willis  and  Mary 
(Robertson)  Blackford.  He  was  ordered  deacon 
in  1800  ;  ordained  priest  in  1881.  and  served  as  a 
missionary  in  the  diocese  of  Virginia,  1880-85. 
He  was  rector  of  St.  Luke's,  Norfolk,  Va.,  1885- 
99,  and  was  elected  general  secretary  of  the 
Domestic  and  Foreign  Missionary  Society  of  the 
Protestant  Episcopal  Church  in  the  United  States 
of  America  in  October,  1899.  The  honorary  degree 
of  D.D.  was  conferred  on  him  by  Roaiioke  college 
in  1898. 

LLOYD,  Edward,  governor  of  Maryland,  was 
born  in  "  Wye  House,"  Talbot  county,  Md.,  July 
22,  1779  ;  son  of  Edward  and  Elizabeth  (Taylor) 
Lloyd.  His  father  inherited  and  acquired  an  es- 
tateapproxi-  Oup 
mating  12,-  /\T 
000  acres  of 
land.  The 
5th  Edward 
was  a  dele 
gate  to  the 
state  legis 
lature,  1880- 
05  ;  and  was 
elected  re 
presentative 
in  the  9th'' 
U.  S.  con 
gress,  to  fill 
the  unexpir- 

ed  term  of  Joseph  H.  Nicholson,  resigned,  and 
re-elected  to  the  10th  congress,  serving  from 
Dec.  1,  1806  to  March  3,  1809.  He  was  governor  of 
Maryland,  LSOiM  1  ;  state  senator,  1811  ;  presiden 
tial  elector,  1813,  voting  for  James  Madison  ; 
U.S.  senator,  1819-26,  having  been  re-elected 
in  1824  and  resigned  his  seat  in  February,  1826. 
when  he  was  succeeded  by  E.  F.  Chambers.  He 
was  a  state  senator,  and  president  of  the  body 
1826-31.  He  was  married  Nov.  30,  1797,  to  Sally 
Scott,  daughter  of  Dr.  James  and  Sarah  (Mayna- 
dier)  Murray  and  their  son  Edward  was  state  sen 
ator  and  president  of  the  senate,  1851-54.  Gover 
nor  Lloyd  died  in  Annapolis.  Md.,  June  2,  1834. 

LLOYD,  Henry,  governor  of  Maryland,  was 
born  in  Hambrooke.  Dorchester  county,  Md.. 
Feb.  21,1852;  son  of  Daniel  and  Kitty  (Henry) 
Lloyd  ;  grandson  of  Edward  and  Sally  Scott 
(Murray)  Lloyd  and  of  Campbell  Henry,  and  great 
grandson  of  John  Henry  (q.v.),  governor  of  Mary 
land.  He  spent  his  childhood  at  Cambridge,  Md., 


LLOYD 


LLOYD 


where  lie  attended  school  and  was  admitted  to 
the  bar.  lie  was  a  state  senator,  1881-85,  and 
president  of  the  senate  during  his  last  term. 
He  was  married  in  188(>  to  Mary  Elizabeth,  daugh 
ter  of  William  T.  and  Virginia  A.  Stapleforts,  of 
Dorchester  county,  Md.  "When  Governor  McLean 
resigned  to  accept  the  mission  to  France  in  March, 
18G5,  he  became  governor  of  Maryland,  e.r-qffieio, 
serving  till  January  1886,  when  he  was  elected 
governor  by  the  legislature  to  fill  the  unexpired 
term  ending  with  1887,  and  he  resumed  the  prac 
tice  of  law  at  Cambridge,  Md. 

LLOYD,  Henry  Demarest,  author,  was  born  in 
New  York  city,  N.Y.,  May  1.  1847;  son  of  the 
Rev.  Aaron  and  Maria  Christie  (Demarest)  Lloyd 
and  grandson  of  John  C.  and  —  —  (Ball) 

Lloyd  and  of  David  and  Madeleine  (Christie) 
Demarest.  He  attended  the  public  schools  of 
New  York  city  ;  was  graduated  from  Columbia 
college.  A.B.,  1867,  A.M.,  1870;  studied  law,  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar.  He  was  married.  Dec. 
25,  1873,  to  Jessie,  daughter  of  William  and  Mary 
Jane  (Jansen)  Bross.  He  devoted  himself  to 
journalistic  work  and  was  connected  with  the 
Free  Trade  League  and  the  New  York  Evening 
Post.  1868-71,  and  with  the  Chicago  Tribune,  1871- 
85.  He  is  the  author  of  :  Strike  of  Millionaires 
against  Miners  (1887);  Wealth  against  Common 
wealth  (1894);  Country  ivithout  Strikes  (1900); 
Neii-cst  England  (1900). 

LLOYD,  James,  senator,  was  born  in  Boston, 
Mass.,  in  1769  ;  son  of  Dr.  James  and  Sarah  (Cur- 
win)  Lloyd  and  a  descendant  of  James  Lloyd  who 
married  Gricelda  Sylvester  and  became  owner  of 
land  in  Lloyds  Neck,  L.I.,  N.Y.,  1668,  and  of  the 
entire  tract  in  1679.  Dr.  James  Lloyd  was  born 
there,  March  28,  1728;  practised  in  Boston,  Mass., 
1752-1810.  received  the  honorary  degree  of  M.D. 
from  Harvard  in  1790,  and  was  a  member  of  the 
American  Philosophical  society.  James,  the  sena 
tor,  was  graduated  at  Harvard,  A.B.,  1787,  A.M., 
1790  ;  was  a  merchant's  clerk,  and  as  such  visited 
Russia,  1792  :  was  a  representative  in  the  state 
legislature,  1800-01;  state  senator,  1804;  U.S.  sena 
tor,  1808-13,  completing  the  term  of  John  Quincy 
Adams,  1808-09,  and  resigning,  1813.  before  the 
close  of  his  full  term,  which  was  completed  by 
Christopher  Gore.  He  served  again,  1822-26, 
completing  the  term  of  Harrison  Gra}r  Otis, 
March  3, 1821,  and  was  elected  for  a  full  term,  lint 
again  resigned  in  1826,  when  he  was  succeeded 
by  Nathaniel  Silsbee.  In  the  senate  he  served 
as  chairman  of  the  committees  on  commerce 
and  naval  affairs.  In  1825,  when  Lafayette  laid 
the  corner  stone  of  Bunker  Hill  monument,  Sena 
tor  Lloyd  entertained  the  distinguished  guest  at 
his  home  on  Somerset  street,  Boston.  He  was  a 
fellow  of  the  American  Academy  of  Arts  and 
Sciences  and  received  the  honorary  degree  of 


LL.D.  from  Harvard  in  1826.  He  was  married 
to  Hannah,  daughter  of  Samuel  Breck  of  Philadel 
phia,  Pa.,  and  after  1826  resided  in  that  city. 
He  died  in  New  York  city,  April  5,  1831. 

LLOYD,  James  Tilghman,  representative,  was 
born  in  Canton,  Mo.,  Aug.  28.  1857  ;  son  of  Jere 
miah  and  Frances  (Jones)  Lloyd  ;  grandson  of 
Zachariah  Lloyd  and  a  descendant  of  Colonel 
Thomas  Lloyd,  who  came  to  America  with  WTil- 
liam  Penn.  He  was  graduated  from  Christian 
university  in  1878.  taught  school,  1875-81,  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1882  and  practised  in  Lewis 
county.  Mo.,  1883-85.  He  removed  to  Shelby- 
ville,  Mo.,  in  1885  ;  was  prosecuting  attorney 
of  Shelby  county,  1889-93,  and  was  a  Democratic 
representative  from  the  first  district  of  Missouri 
in  the  55th.  56th  and  57th  congresses,  1897-1903. 

LLOYD,  John  Uri,  author,  was  born  in  West 
Bloomfield,  N.Y.,  April  19,  1849;  son  of  Nelson 
Marvin  and  Sophia  (Webster)  Lloyd  :  grandson  of 
John  Lloyd  and  of  Uri  Webster  ;  and  a  descend 
ant  of  Governor  John  Webster,  an  original  settler 
of  Hartford  (1590-16- 
61);  of  Gov.  Will 
iam  Leete,  president 
of  the  United  Colo 
nies  of  New  England 
(1613-1683);  of  Capt. 
Josiah  Gates  of  Con 
necticut  (1725-1807); 
of  Samuel  Ashley 
of  New  Hampshire 
(1720-1792);  and  of 
James  Coe  of  Massa 
chusetts  (1740-1794). 
John  Uri  Lloyd  re 
moved  with  his  par 
ents  to  Kentucky  and 
was  educated  in  pri 
vate  schools.  He  became  a  practical  pharmacist 
and  chemist  and  was  made  manager  of  the  labo 
ratory  of  H.  M.  Merrell  &  Co.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio, 
in  1871,  and  was  received  into  the  firm  in  1877. 
In  1878  he  was  made  professor  of  chemistry  in  the 
Eclectic  Medical  Institute  in  that  city.  He  also 
served  as  professor  of  pharmacy  in  the  Cincinnati 
Institute  of  Pharmacy.  1882-87  ;  was  elected  pres 
ident  of  the  board  of  trustees  of  the  Eclectic 
Medical  Institute,  and  in  1887  of  the  American 
Pharmaceutical  association.  His  name  with  four 
other  Americans  received  place  in  "  Reber's 
Biography  of  Eminent  Pharmacists  of  the 
World"  (Geneva).  He  received  the  degree  of 
Ph.M.  from  the  Philadelphia  College  of  Phar 
macy,  and  that  of  Ph.D.  from  Ohio  university, 
in  1897.  He  is  the  author  of  :  Chemistry  of  Med 
icines  (1881 ) ;  Drngs  and  Medicine  in  Xorth  Amer 
ica  (1884-85);  A  Ktiidy  in.  Pharmacy  (  1894).  and 
collaborated  with  Dr.  John  King  in  the  prepara- 


LOAN 


LOCKE 


tion  of  King's  American  Dis2icns(iri/  (1880).  His 
works  of  fiction  include:  Etidorhpa.or  the  End 
of  the  Earth  (1896);  The  Right  Side  of  the  Car 
(1897);  Striiigtoii-n  on  the  Pike  (1900):  Wann'ck 
of  the  Knobs  (1901).  the  last  two  first  appearing 
in  serial  form  in  the  Bookman. 

LOAN,  Benjamin  Franklin,  representative, 
was  born  in  Harkinsburg.  Ky.,  Oct.  4,  1819.  He 
studied  law  in  Kentucky  and  in  1838  removed  to 
St.  Joseph,  Mo.,  where  in  1*40  he  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  and  began  practice.  He  was  married 
Dec.  5,  1848,  to  Emeline  Eleanor,  daughter  of 
William  Fowler.  In  1861  he  espoused  the  Union 
cause  and  was  commissioned  brigadier-general  of 
the  state  volunteers.  In  1862  he  was  elected  a 
Republican  representative  to  the  38th  congress, 
and  his  seat  was  contested  by  Mr.  Bruce.  The 
committee  on  elections  reported  against  Loan's 
claim,  but  the  house  did  not  sustain  the  report 
and  he  retained  his  seat  and  was  twice  re-elected, 
.serving  in  the  38th.  39th  and  40th  congresses, 
1863-69.  In  the  40th  congress  he  was  chairman  of 
the  committee  on  Revolutionary  pensions.  He 
was  appointed  by  President  Grant  a  visitor  to  the 
U.S.  Military  academy  in  1869.  He  died  in  St. 
Joseph.  Mo.,  March  30,  1881. 

LOCHRANE,  Osborne  Augustus,  jurist,  was 
born  in  Middletown,  Armagh,  Ireland,  Aug.  22, 
1829,  son  of  a  physician.  He  received  a  classical 
education  and  came  to  New  York  city  in  De 
cember,  1846.  He  settled  in  Athens,  Ga.,  in  1847, 
where  he  was  employed  as  a  drug  clerk,  and 
studied  law.  He  practised  first  at  Savannah, 
1850,  and  in  October  of  that  year  removed  to  Ma- 
con.  Ga.  He  was  judge  of  the  Macon  circuit 
1861-65;  removed  to  Atlanta,  Ga.,  in  1868;  was 
judge  of  the  Atlanta  circuit  in  1870  and  chief 
justice  of  the  supreme  court  of  Georgia. 1871,  and 
was  defeated  for  representative  in  congress.  He 
enforced  the  writ  of  habeas  corpus  and  declared 
conscription  to  be  unconstitutional.  He  was  at 
torney  for  the  Pullman  Palace  Car  company 
1872-87.  He  was  married  first  to  Victoria  Lamar 
and  secondly  to  Josephine  Freeman,  both  of 
Georgia.  He  died  in  Atlanta,  Ga.,  June  17,  1887. 

LOCHREN,  William,  jurist,  was  born  in 
county  Tyrone,  Ireland,  April  3,  1832.  His  father 
died  in  1833,  and  in  18)54  his  mother  immigrated 
with  her  family  to  America  and  settled  in  Frank 
lin  county,  Vt.,  where  lie  was  brought  np  and 
educated  in  the  public  school,  finding  employment 
as  a  farm  laborer  and  in  saw-mills.  He  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in  1856.  niid  practised  law  in 
St.  Anthony,  Minn.  In  1861  he  enlisted  in  the 
1st  Minnesota  volunteers,  attached  to  the  Army 
of  the  Potomac.  He  was  commissioned  2d  lieu 
tenant,  Sept.  22.  1862.  first  lieutenant.  July  3, 
1863.  and  was  acting  adjutant  of  the  regiment  in 
1863.  He  resigned  and  was  honorably  discharged 


on  surgeon's  certificate,  Dec.  30,  1863,  and  after 
recovering  his  health  again  took  up  the  practice 
of  law  in  Minneapolis.  He  was  a  state  senator. 
1869-70  ;  Democratic  candidate  for  U.S.  senator 
in  the  extended  contest  of  1875  ;  city  attorney  of 
Minneapolis,  1877-78  :  judge  of  the  4th  judicial 
district  court  by  appointment  of  Governor  Pills- 
bury  from  Nov.  21,  1881,  and  was  elected  to  the 
same  office  in  1882  and  again  in  1888  without  op 
position,  serving  1881-93  ;  and  U.S.  commissioner 
of  pension  by  appointment  of  President  Cleveland 
from  April,  1893,  to  May  20,  1896,  when  he  re 
signed  to  accept  the  position  of  judge  of  the  U.S. 
district  court  of  Minnesota  to  which  he  was  then 
appointed  by  President  Cleveland.  He  was  mar 
ried  Sept.  26,  1871,  to  Martha  A.  Demmon,  who 
died  in  February,  1879,  and  secondly,  April  19, 
1882,  to  Mary  E.  Abbott. 

LOCKE,  Clinton,  clergyman  and  author,  was 
born  in  New  York  city,  July  24,  1829  ;  son  of 
James  and  Mary  (Wright)  Locke.  He  was  a 
student  at  Mount  Pleasant  academy,  Sing  Sing, 
N.Y.,  1839-47  ;  was  graduated  from  Union  col 
lege,  A.B.  1849  ;  attended  the  General  Theolo 
gical  seminary,  New  York  city,  1851-52  ;  and 
travelled  in  Europe,  1853-54.  He  was  admitted  to 
thediaconate  in  1855  and  ordained  priest  in  1856  ; 
was  curate  of  Zion  church, Irvington,  N.Y.,  1855- 
56  ;  rector  of  Christ  church,  Joliet,  111.,  1856-59  ; 
and  of  Grace  Episcopal  church,  Chicago,  111.,  1859- 
95,  when  he  resigned  on  account  of  ill  health.  He 
was  married,  Jan.  27,  1859,  to  Adelle  Douthitt  of 
St.  Louis,  Mo.  He  was  dean  of  the  Chicago 
deanery  for  twenty-five  years  and  held  at  various 
times  every  post  of  honor  in  the  diocese  of  Chi 
cago.  He  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Literary 
club  of  Chicago  in  1884  and  was  its  president 
1891-92.  He  founded  St.  Lnke's  hospital  at  Chi 
cago,  and  was  its  president  for  many  years.  The 
honorary  degree  of  D.D.  was  conferred  on  him 
by  Racine  college  in  1864.  He  is  the  author  of  : 
The  Great  Western  Schism  (1896);  Five  Minnie 
Talks  (1896),  and  contributions  to  the  church 
press. 

LOCKE,  David  Ross,  editor  and  publisher,  was 
born  in  Vestal,  Broome  county,  N.Y.,  Sept.  20, 
1833.  He  attended  the  public  schools  until  1843, 
when  he  entered  the  office  of  the  Democrat  at 
Cortland,  N.Y.  He  was  employed  as  a  reporter 
and  printer  in  the  West.  1850-52  ;  published  and 
edited  the  Advertiser,  with  James  G.  Robinson, 
at  Plymouth,  Ohio,  1852-56,  and  in  1856  established 
the  Journal  at  Bucyrus,  Ohio,  which  was  fol 
lowed  by  the  Herald  at  Mansfield  and  the  «/<•/- 
fersonian  at  Findlay.  In  1861  he  commenced 
the  series  of  letters  in  the  Jeffersonian.  He  wrote 
over  the  pen  name  "The  Rev.  Petroleum  Vesu 
vius  Nasbv."  Upon  his  taking  editorial  charge  of 
the  Toledo  Blade,  these  letters  were  continued 


[100] 


LOCKE 


LOCKE 


throughout  the  war  and  brought  him  a  national 
reputation  as  a  satirist.  President  Lincoln  and 
President  Grant  both  offered  him  lucrative  posi 
tions  in  the  public  service,  which  lie  declined. 
He  became  managing  editor  of  the  Evening  Mail, 
New  York  city  in  1ST1,  at  the  same  time  retain 
ing  his  connection  with  the  Toledo  Blade,  and  in 
1*73  became  a  member  of  the  newspaper  adver 
tising  firm  of  Bates  &  Locke  in  New  York  city. 
He  was  a  popular  lecturer  and  is  the  author  of  : 
Divers  Views,  Opinions  ami  Prophecies  of  Yours 
Truly  (186."));  Sfvinyin'  Round  the  ( 'irkle  ( 1 86(5 ) ; 
E'ikoesfrom  Kentucky  (1807);  Tlie  Moral  History 
of  America's  Life  Strn.yyle  (1872);  Tlie  Htrnyyles 
of  T.  V.  Nasby  (1*73):  Tlie  Morals  of  Abou  Ben 
A'lliein,  or  Eastern  Fruit  in  Western  7>/.s7/e,s(1875) ; 
.-1  Paper  City  (1878);  Hannah  Jane  (1882);  Xasby 
in  Kxile  (1882),  besides  numerous  pamphlets, 
li  '  died  in  Toledo,  Ohio,  Feb.  15,  1888. 

LOCKE,  Francis,  jurist,  was  born  in  Rowan 
county,  N.C.,  Oct.  31,  1766;  son  of  the  Hon. 
Matthew  Locke  (q.  \.).  He  practised  law  in 
North  Carolina  ;  was  judge  of  the  superior  court, 
lsOo-14;  served  as  a  presidential  elector  in  1809 
and  was  elected  to  the  senate  in  1814,  but  resigned 
liis  right  to  a  seat  before  the  assemblingof  the  14th 
congress,  and  Nathaniel  Moore  was  elected  in  his 
place.  His  brother,  Lieut.  George  Locke,  served 
under  Colonel  Davie  in  the  Revolution  and  was 
killed  at  the  third  charge  on  the  British  lines  at 
Charlotte,  N.C.,  Sept.  26.  1780.  Judge  Locke 
died  in  Rowan  county,  N.C.,  Jan.  8,  1823. 

LOCKE,  Jane  Ermina,  author,  was  born  at 
Worthington,  Mass.,  April  25.  1805;  daughter  of 
Deacon  Charles  and  Deborah  (Brown)  Stark 
weather  ;  granddaughter  of  Robert  and  Sarah 
Eveleth  Starkweather  of  Ipswich,  Mass.,  and  a  de 
scendant  of  Robert  Starkweather,  who  settled  at 
Ruxbury,  Mass.,  in  1610,  and  afterward  removed 
to  Ipswich,  Mass.  She  was  well  educated,  and  in 
early  womanhood  began  contributing,  both  in 
prose  and  poetry,  to  the  literature  of  the  day. 
She  was  married  at  Worthington,  Mass.,  Oct.  25, 
1829,  to  John  Goodwin,  son  of  John  and  Hannah 
(Goodwin)  Locke,  author  of  "  Book  of  the 
Lockes "  (1858.)  They  made  their  home  in  Lo 
well.  Mass.,  1833-19,  and  in  Boston.  Mass.,  1850-59. 
Her  first  published  writings  were  poems  published 
in  the  Toadies'  American.  Magazine  (1830).  She  is 
the  author  of  :  Poems  (1842);  Rachel,  or  the  Little 
Mourner  (1844);  Boston,  a  poem  (1846);  The 
Recalled,  or  Voices  of  tlie  Past  (1855);  Enloyy  on. 
the  Death  of  Webster,  in  rhyme  (1855).  She  died 
in  Ashhurnhan,  Mass..  March  8,  1859. 

LOCKE,  John,  representative,  was  born  at 
Hopkinton,  Mass.,  Feb.  14,  1764;  son  of  Jonathan 
and  Mary  (Haven)  Nicholas  Locke,  and  a  descen 
dant  of  Deacon  William  Locke,  who  was  born  in 
London,  England,  in  1078  ;  came  to  America  in 


1634,  and  in  1650  settled  in  Woburn,  Mass.,  where 
he  married  Mary  Clarke.  He  worked  on  his 
father's  farm  until  1786,  when  he  was  prepared 
for  college  by  Ebenezer  Pembroke,  preceptor 
at  Andover  academy.  He  was  a  student  at  Dart 
mouth  college  for  nine  months  in  1789,  and  then 
transferred  to  Harvard,  where  he  was  graduated 
A.B.,  1792,  A.M.,  1795.  He  studied  law  with  the 
Hon.  Timothy  Bigelow  of  Groton,  1793-96,  and 
settled  in  practice  at  Ashby,  Mass.  He  was  mar 
ried  May  25,  1799,  to  Hannah,  daughter  of  Na 
thaniel  and  Molly  (Jackson)  Goodwin  of  Plym 
outh,  Mass.  He  represented  Ashby  in  the  Massa 
chusetts  legislature  in  1804,  1805,  1813  and  1823; 
was  a  member  of  the  Massachusetts  constitu 
tional  convention  in  1820  ;  a  representative  in  the 
18th,  191  hand  20th  congresses,  1823-29;  senator 
from  Middlesex  county,  1830  ;  a  member  of  the 
executive  council,  1831,  and  practised  law  at 
Ashby,  1832-37.  He  removed  to  Lowell  in  1837 
and  to  Boston,  Mass.,  in  1849.  He  died  in  Boston, 
Mass.,  March  29,  1855. 

LOCKE,  John,  physicist,  was  born  at  Lempster, 
N.H.,  Feb.  19,  1792;  son  of  Samuel  Barron  and 
Hannah  (Russell)  Locke  ;  grandson  of  Lieut. 
James  and  Hannah  (Farnsworth)  Locke  and  of 
William  and  Lucy  (Goldsmith)  Russell,  and 
great  3-grandson  of  Deacon  William  Locke.  He 
Avas  graduated  from  Yale,  M.D.,  1819,  and  was  ge 
ologist  on  the  U.S.  survey  of  the  mineral  lands  of 
the  Northwest  territory  and  on  the  survey  of 
Ohio  for  several  years.  He  was  married  in  Cincin 
nati. Ohio,  Oct.  25,1825,  to  Mary  Morris  of  Newark, 
N.J.  He  was  professor  of  chemistry  and  phar 
macy  in  the  Ohio  Medical  college  at  Cincinnati, 
1836-56.  He  made  new  discoveries  in  terrestrial 
magnetism  ;  invented  several  instruments  for 
use  in  optics,  physics,  electricity  and  magnetism, 
including  the  gravity  escapement  for  clocks,  an 
electro-chronograph  clock,  for  which  congress 
paid  §10,000  in  1849, for  theU.S. Naval  observatory, 
and  a  spirit-level.  He  contributed  to  Silliman's 
Journal,  the  American  Journal  of  Science,  tlie 
Philosophical  Magazine  of  London,  the  Proceed 
ings  of  various  scientific  societies  and  other  peri 
odicals.  He  is  the  author  of:  Tlie  Outlines  of 
Botany  (1829);  a  sub-report  on  The  Survey  of  the 
Mineral  Lauds  ofloica,  Illinois  and  Wisconsin, 
published  by  congress  (1840);  sub-report  on  The 
Geology  of  Ohio,  published  by  the  state  (1838), 
and  text  books  on  botany  and  English  grammar. 
He  died  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  July  10,  1856. 

LOCKE,  Matthew,  representative,  was  born 
near  Salisbury,  N.C.,  in  1730.  He  was  chosen  a 
treasury  commissioner  of  the  colony  of  North 
Carolina  in  1771;  was  a  member  of  the  house  of 
commons  of  North  Carolina,  1775-93  ;  a  delegate 
to  the  convention  at  Halifax  that  framed  the 
constitution  of  North  Carolina  in  1776  ;  voted  for 


LOCKE 


the  ratification  of  the  constitution  of  the  United 
States  in  1787.  He  served  during  the  Revolution 
as  brigadier-general,  and  was  a  representative  in 
the  3d,  4th  and  5th  congresses,  1793-99.  He  died 
in  Rowan  county,  N.G.,  Sept.  7,  1801. 

LOCKE,  Samuel,  educator,  was  born  in  Wo- 
burn,  Mass.,  Nov.  23,  1731  ;  son  of  Samuel  and 
Rebecca  (Richardson)  Locke  ;  grandson  of  Lieut. 
Ebenezer  and  Hannah  (Meads)  Locke,  and  of 
Capt.  James  ami  Elizabeth  (Arnull  or  Arnold) 
Richardson,  and  great-grand 
son  of  Deacon  William  and 
Mary  (Clarke)  Locke,  Wo- 
Iburn,  1650.  He  was  gradu- 
fated  from  Harvard,  A.B., 
1755.  A.M.,  1758  ;  studied  the 
ology  with  the  Rev.  Timothy 
Harrington,  who  had  prepared 
him  forcollegeand  was  ordained  over  the  church 
and  society  at  Sherburne,  Mass.,  as  successor  to 
the  Rev.  Samuel  Porter,  deceased,  Nov.  7,  1759. 
He  was  married,  Jan.  2,  1760,  to  Mary,  daughter 
of  the  Rev.  Samuel  and  Mary  (Cooleclge)  Porter. 
In  December,  1709,  he  was  unanimously  elected 
by  the  corporation,  president  of  Harvard  college 
as  successor  to  Edward  Holyoke,and  he  resigned 
his  pastoral  relation  at  Sherburne,  in  February, 
1770,  and  was  inaugurated  president,  March  21, 
1770.  During  his  administration  the  prosperity 
of  the  college  was  retarded  owing  to  the  political 
excitement  throughout  the  country.  He  resigned 
the  presidency,  Dec.  1,  1773.  He  received  the 
degree  S.T.D.  from  Harvard  in  1773.  He  died  in 
Sherburne,  Mass.,  Jan.  15,  1778. 

LOCKHART,  Clinton,  educator,  was  born  in 
Lovington,  111.,  Feb.  21,  1858  ;  son  of  George  W. 
and  Harriet  J.  (Hostetler)  Lockhart  ;  grandson 
of  John  and  Patsy  (Riley)  Lockhart,  and  of 
Christian  Hostetler,  a  minister  of  the  Christian 
church  ;  and  a  descendant  of  Thomas  Lockhart, 
who  came  from  Ireland  and  settled  in  Virginia. 
Thomas's  grandson  Richard,  a  Revolutionary  sol 
dier,  was  present  at  Yorktown  at  the  surrender  of 
Cornwallis.  Clinton  Lockhart  entered  Kentucky 
university  in  1878,  graduating  in  the  ministerial 
course, 1885  ;  A.B.,  1886,  A.M.,  1888.  He  was  mar 
ried,  June  23,  1885,  to  Mollie,  daughter  of  Dr. 
Reuben  Smith  of  Monterey,  Ky.  He  took  post 
graduate  courses  at  Yale,  1887--88  and  1889-91.  He 
held  the  Bible  chair  at  Ann  Arbor.  Mich.,  ls«)3-94  ; 
was  president  of  Christian  college,  Columbia,  Ky., 
1894-95;  president  of  Christian  university.  Canton, 
Mo.,  1895-1900,  and  resigned  to  accept  the  profes 
sorship  in  Semitic  languages  in  Drake  university, 
Des  Moines,  Iowa.  The  degree  of  Ph. I),  was 
conferred  on  him  by  Yale  in  1894.  He  is  the 
author  of  :  Laws  of  Interpretation  (1894);  Com 
mentary  on  the  BookofNahum  (1900);  Principles 
of  Scientific  Interpretation  (1900). 


LOCKWOOD 

LOCK  WOOD,  Belva  Ann  Bennett,  lawyer, 
was  born  in  Royalton,  N.Y.,  Oct.  24,  1830  ; 
daughter  of  Lewis  J.  and  Hannah  (Green)  Ben 
nett,  and  granddaughter  of  Ezekiel  and  Mary 
(High)  Bennett,  and  of  William  and  Sindona 
(Priest)  Green.  She  attended  the  district  school 
and  at  the  age  of  fif 
teen  taught  school 
during  the  summer 
months  to  pay  her 
tuition  at  the  Roy 
alton  academy.  She 
was  married  Nov. 
8,  1848.  to  Uriah  H. 
McNall,  a  farmer 
of  Royalton.  who  died 
in  1853.  She  enter 
ed  Genesee  college 
(Syracuse  universi 
ty)  in  1854,  and  was 
graduated  A.B.,  18- 
57,  A.M.,  1870.  She 
was  preceptress  of 

the  Lockport  Union  school,  1857-61  ;  principal  of 
Gainesville  seminaiy,  1861-62  ;  principal  of  the 
Hornellsville  seminary,  1862-63  ;  preceptress  and 
proprietor  of  the  McNall  seminary  at  Owego, 
N.Y.,  1863-66,  and  a  teacher  in  Washington, 
D.C.,  1866-68.  She  was  married,  secondly,  March 
11,  1868,  to  Dr.  Ezekiel.  son  of  Ezekiel  and  Sarah 
(Bockraw)  Lock  wood,  a  dentist  of  Washington, 
D.C.,  who  died  in  1877.  She  was  graduated 
D.C.L.,  from  the  National  university  in  1873,  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  of  the  District  of  Columbia, 
and  engaged  in  active  practice  in  Washington, 
D.C.  She  secured  the  passage  of  a  bill  admitting 
women  to  the  U.S.  supreme  court  in  1879,  and 
was  admitted  under  the  act  in  February,  1879, 
and  also  to  to  the  U.S.  court  of  claims.  She  was 
admitted  to  the  Federal  courts  of  Baltimore,  Md., 
in  1880,  and  to  those  of  Boston,  Mass.,  in  1882. 
She  was  nominated  as  a  candidate  for  President 
of  the  United  States  by  the  Equal  Rights  party 
of  the  Pacific  slope  in  1884,  and  by  the  same 
party  in  Iowa,  in  1888.  In  1889  she  was  a  dele 
gate  to  the  Universal  Peace  union  of  the  Inter 
national  Peace  congress  held  in  Paris,  and  to  that 
in  London,  in  1890,  and  also  took  a  course  of 
lectures  in  the  University  extension  at  Oxford, 
England,  in  that  year.  Site  was  the  first  woman 
granted  a  license  to  practice  law  in  Virginia,  ob 
taining  the  license  in  1894.  She  was  commis 
sioned  by  the  state  department  to  represent  the 
United  States  at  the  congress  of  charities  and 
corrections  in  Geneva,  Switzerland,  in  1896.  She 
was  elected  secretary  of  the  American  branch  of 
the  International  Peace  bureau  in  1893.  and  a 
member  for  the  United  States  of  the  Interna 
tional  bureau  at  Berne,  Switzerland.  Slit -served 


LOCKWOOD 


LOCKWOOD 


as  corresponding  secretary  of  the  Woman's  Na 
tional  Press  association,  1899,  and  as  general  dele 
gate,  1891-95  ;  and  was  chairman  of  the  Associa 
tion  for  the  International  Federation  of  Women's 
Press  clubs,  in  November,  1891.  She  lectured  on 
temperance  and  woman  .suffrage,  and  petitioned 
congress  on  woman  suffrage,  collecting  3500 
names  in  December,  1870.  She  became  assistant 
editor  of  the  Peace  Maker  in  1888,  and  in  1896  at 
the  request  of  the  attorney-general  of  the  United 
States,  prepared  a  paper  on  The  Political  and 
Legal  Status  of  the  Women  of  the  United  States, 
published  in  the  Swiss  Year  Book,  1897.  She  con 
tributed  to  newspapers  and  magazines  after  1854. 

LOCKWOOD,  Daniel  Newton,  representative, 
was  born  in  Hamburg,  N.Y.,  June  1,  1844  ;  son 
of  Harrison  and  Martha  (Philips)  Lockwood,  and 
grandson  of  Ebenezer  and  Betsey  (Seyrnore)  Lock- 
wood.  He  was  graduated  from  Union  college, 
A.B.,  1865,  A.M.,  1868,  was  admitted  to  the 
supreme  court  bar  in  May,  1866,  and  practised  in 
Buffalo,  N.Y.  He  was  district  attorney  for  Erie 
county,  1874-77  ;  a  Democratic  representative 
in  the  45th  congress,  1877-79  ;  a  delegate  to  the 
Democratic  national  conventions  of  1880,  1884 
and  1896  ;  U.S.  attorney  for  the  northern  district 
of  New  York,  1886-89,  and  a  Democratic  repre 
sentative  from  the  thirty-second  N.Y.  district 
in  the  52d  and  53d  congresses,  1891-95.  He  was 
appointed  by  Governor  Roosevelt,  April  12,  1899, 
president  of  the  board  of  general  managers  for 
New  York  at  the  Pan- American  exposition,  1901. 

LOCKWOOD,  Henry  Hayes,  naval  instructor, 
was  born  in  Kent  county,  Del.,  Aug.  17,  1814; 
son  of  William  Kirkley  and  Mary  (Hayes)  Lock- 
wood  ;  grandson  of  John  and  Ann  (Kirkley)  Lock- 
wood,  and  of  Manloar  and  Zephora  (Laws)  Hayes, 
and  great5-grandson  of  Robert  Lockwood,  who 
came  from  England  to  Watertown,  Mass.,  1630. 
He  was  graduated  from  the  U.S.  Military  acad 
emy  in  1836,  and  was  assigned  to  the  2d  artillery. 
He  served  in  Florida,  1836-37  ;  resigned  his  com 
mission,  Sept.  12,  1837,  and  accepted  the  appoint 
ment  of  professor  of  mathematics  in  the  U.S. 
navy  in  1841.  He  was  married  Oct.  2,  1845,  to 
Anna  R.,  daughter  of  James  and  Hannah  (Rogers) 
Booth,  of  Newcastle,  Del.  He  was  on  the  frigate 
United  States  of  the  Pacific  squadron  during  the 
seige  and  capture  of  Monterey,  Cal.,  in  1846.  He 
served  at  the  Naval  asylum  at  Philadelphia  and 
at  the  U.S.  Naval  academy,  Annapolis,  Md.,  as 
professor  of  natural  philosophy  and  astronomy, 
1847-51,  and  as  professor  of  field  artillery  and  in 
fantry  tactics  and  also  of  astronomy  and  gunnery, 
1851-61.  He  was  appointed  colonel  of  the  1st 
Delaware  volunteer  regiment  in  1861,  was  com 
missioned  brigadier-general  of  volunteers,  Aug. 
8,  1861,  and  served  in  the  defence  of  the  lower 
Potomac.  He  commanded  the  2d  brigade,  1st 


division,  12th  army  corps  at  Gettysburg,  July  1-3, 

1863,  and   later  commanded   the  middle  depart 
ment  with  headquarters  at  Baltimore,  Md.,  until 

1864,  the    provisional     troops    against    General 
Early  in  July,  1864,  and  a  brigade   in   Baltimore 
until  he  was   mustered   out,  Aug.  25,  1865.     He 
was  professor  of  natural  philosophy  at  the  U.S. 
Naval  academy,  1865-71,  and  served  at  the  U.S. 
national  observatory,    1871-76.     He   was  retired 
on   Aug.  4,  1876.     He  is  the  author  of :  Manual 
for  Naval  Batteries  and  Exercises  in  Small  Arms 
and  Field  Artillery  Arranged  for  Naval  Services 
(1852).  He  died  in  Washington,  D.C.,  Dec.  7, 1899, 

LOCKWOOD,  Henry  Roswell,  clergyman,  was 
born  in  Honeoye  Falls,  N.Y.,  April  8,  1843;  son 
of  Henry  and  Cathalina  Lansing  (Dox)  Lock- 
wood,  and  grandson  of  Roswell  and  Thalia 
(Oviatt)  Lockwood  and  of  Jacob  and  Mary  Ann 
(Rees)  Dox.  The  Lockwood  family  came  from 
Connecticut  and  the  Rees  and  Dox  families  from 
New  York.  Henry  attended  private  tutors  and 
schools  in  Rochester,  N.Y.,  and  was  graduated 
from  Hobart  college,  A.B.,  1864,  A.M.,  1867.  He 
was  a  tutor  in  mathematics  at  Hobart  college, 
1864-67  ;  was  admitted  to  the  diaconate  in  1867, 
and  advanced  to  the  priesthood  in  1869  by  Bishop 
Coxe.  He  was  rector  of  Christ  church,  Clayton, 
N.Y.,  1867-73,  and  in  1873  became  rector  of  St. 
Paul's  church,  Syracuse,  N.Y.  He  was  married 
Nov.  7,  1872,  to  Ellen  Maria,  daughter  of  Samuel 
Heath  and  Caroline  (Hall)  Rich,  of  Boston,  Mass. 
He  was  appointed  a  trustee  of  Hobart  college  in 
1876  ;  was  deputy  to  the  general  convention  of 
the  Protestant  Episcopal  church  in  1877  and  1880, 
and  in  1885  became  a  member  of  the  standing 
committee  of  the  diocese  of  Central  New  York. 
Ho  received  the  honorary  degree  of  S.T.D.  from 
Hobart  in  1886. 

LOCKWOOD,  James  Booth,  explorer,  was 
born  at  the  U.S.  Naval  academy,  Annapolis,  Md., 
Oct.  9.  1852  ;  son  of  Henry  Hayes  (q.v.)  and  Anna 
R,  (Booth)  Lockwood.  He  attended  school  at 
Bethlehem,  Pa.,  and  was  a  student  at  St.  John's 
college,  Annapolis,  Md.;  and  became  a  farmer 
and  surveyor.  He  was  appointed  2d  lieutenant 
in  the  23d  U.S.  infantry,  Oct.  1,  1873,  and  in  ad 
dition  to  the  usual  duties  as  an  officer  was  a  sur 
veyor,  phonographer  and  telegrapher,  serving  in 
the  west,  1873-80.  In  1881  he  volunteered  for 
service  with  the  Lady  Franklin  Bay  expedition, 
being  second  in  command  under  Lieut.  A.  W. 
Greely,  and  he  landed  with  a  party  of  twenty-six 
at  Discovery  Harbor,  Aug.  12,  1881.  He  was  en 
trusted  with  the  principal  field  work  and  assisted 
in  taking  the  magnetic  observations.  In  March, 
1882,  lie  made  a  few  days'  trip  across  Robesoii 
channel  to  Newman  bay  with  a  dog-sledge,  and 
oVi  April  3,  1882,  started  on  his  most  important 
journey.  He  reached  Cape  Bryant  on  the  North 


[103] 


LOCKWOOD 


LODGE 


Greenland  coast  on  May  1,  1882.     At  this   point 
he  sent  back  all  his  party  with  the  exception  of 
Sergt.  D.  L.  Brainard,  and  an  Eskimo  by  the  name 
of  Christiansen,  and  from  there  proceeded  north, 
reaching  Cape  Britannia  after  a  live  days'  trump. 
From  there  lie  travelled  over  an  unknown  coun 
try    and      discovered 
Look  wood  Island  and 
Cape  Washington  on 
May   13,   1882,   which  - 
was   350    miles   from 
the   north     pole    and 
at  that  time  the  most 
northerly  point  readi 
ed   by   man.     He   re 
turned  to   the  party, 
arriving  at  Fort  Con 
ger,    Discovery    Har 
bor,    June    17,    1882. 
having  accomplished 
in   sixty  days  a  jour- 
ney  of  over  1000  miles 
over      the      ice.     the 

thermometer  marking  49°  below  zero  much  of 
the  time.  A  second  attempt  in  1883  to  reach 
a  point  still  further  north  failed  through  the 
breaking  up  of  the  ice-pack  over  which  they 
were  journeying,  and  late  in  1883  Lockwood  and 
Brainard  crossed  Grinnell  Land  on  a  dog-sledge 
to  a  point  fifty  miles  beyond  that  reached  by 
Lieutenant  Greely  on  foot.  The  party  spent  the 
winter  of  1883-84  at  Camp  Clay,  Cape  Sabine, 
which  point  they  reached  the  last  of  September, 
1883,  and  where  they  found  that  the  relief  ship 
Proteus  had  been  crushed  in  July.  The  party 
had  only  six  weeks'  food  supply,  and  the  men 
perished  slowly  of  starvation,  only  six  being 
alive  when  Com.  W.S.  Schley  came  to  their  rescue 
with  the  Thetis  and  Bear,  June  22,  1884,  Lieu 
tenant  Lockwood  having  died,  April  9,  1884. 

LOCKWOOD,  Robert  Wilton,  painter,  was 
born  in  Wilton,  Conn.,  Sept.  11,  1861  ;  son  of 
John  Lewis  and  Emily  (Middlebrook)  Lockwood, 
and  grandson  of  George  W.  Lockwood  and  of  Col. 
James  Middlebrook.  In  1880  he  became  a  pupil 
of  John  La  Farge  in  New  York  city.  He  studied  in 
Paris,  1885-95,  and  devoted  his  attention  exclu 
sively  to  portrait  painting.  He  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  Society  of  American  Artists  in  1898. 
He  exhibited  at  Champs  de  Mars,  1894-95-96,  and 
received  the  silver  medal  at  the  International  Ex 
position,  Paris,  1900.  Among  his  more  important 
works  are  :  Portrait  of  Otto  Roth,  the  violinist, 
which  won  the  third  prize  at  the  Carnegie  In 
stitute,  Pittsburg,  and  the  Temple  gold  medal  at 
the  Pennsylvania  Academy  of  Fine  Arts  at  Phila 
delphia  in  1898  ;  French  Sailor  (1895) ;  Master  of 
the  Fox  Hounds  (1896) ;  portrait  of  Gen.  Francis 
A.  Walker  (1899). 


LOCKWOOD,  Samuel,  naval  officer,  was  born 
at  Norwalk,  Conn.,  Jan.  24.  1803  ;  son  of  Thomas 
St.  John  and  Hannah  (Whitlock)  Lockwood  ; 
grandson  of  Samuel  and  Sarah  (Betts)  Lock  wood, 
and  of  Daniel  and  Ruth  (Scribner)  Whitlock, 
and  great*-grandson  of  Robert  Lockwood.  the 
immigrant.  His  parents  removed  to  New  burgh, 
N.Y.,  where  he  attended  school.  He  was  ap 
pointed  a  midshipman  in  the  U.S.  navy,  June  12, 
1820,  and  visited  the  West  Indies  and  the  Med 
iterranean  on  the  Hornet.  CoiHjrexs,  Constellation 
and  Constitution.  He  was  promoted  lieutenant. 
May  17,  1828,  served  in  the  Mediterranean  squad 
ron  in  1828;  on  the  Bra/il  station.  1831-32:  on 
the  Pacific  station.  1*34-36  ;  on  the  receiving 
ship  Hudson  in  New  York.  1836-37:  on  the  frig 
ate  Macedonia.  1837-3N  ;  on  Commodore  Jones's 
exploring  expedition  to  the  Mediterranean  as  1st 
lieutenant  of  the  sloop  Ci/ane,  1838-39;  and  on 
the  Ohio  under  Commodore  Hull,  1839-41.  He 
was  married  Aug.  31,  1842,  to  Maria,  daughter  of 
Joseph  and  Sarah  P.  Dunbar  of  New  Bedford, 
Mass.  He  served  on  shore  duty,  1843-46,  as  1st 
lieutenant  on  the  frigate  Potomac  of  the  home 
squadron,  1H46-47  ;  in  command  of  the  steamer 
Petrita  and  Scourge,  in  the  capture  of  VeraCruz, 
Tuspan  and  Tobasco,  and  on  blockade  dutv, 
1847-48.  He  was  promoted  commander,  Oct.  8, 
1850  ;  commanded  the  sloop  Ci/ane  on  the  Pacific 
station,  1858-60.  and  the  steamer  Dayliyht  of  the 
North  Atlantic  squadron.  1861-62.  At  the  battle 
of  Hatteras  Inlet,  1861,  and  while  blockading  the 
approach  of  Cape  Henry,  Va.,  he  engaged  with  a 
shore  battery  at  Lynnhaven  Bay,  Oct.  10,  1861, 
silenced  it  and  rescued  a  Baltimore  ship.  He 
then  blockaded  Wilmington  and  Beaufort,  N.C., 
and  assisted  a  portion  of  the  army  in  the 
capture  of  Fort  Macon,  April  26,  1862,  being 
senior  commander  of  the  blockading  division. 
He  was  retired,  Oct.  1,  1864.  and  was  promoted 
commodore  on  the  retired  list,  April  4,  1867.  He 
died  at  Flushing.  L.I.,  N.Y.,  July  5,  1893. 

LODGE,  Henry  Cabot,  statesman  and  author, 
was  born  in  Boston,  Mass.,  May  12,  1850  ;  son  of 
John  Ellerton  and  Anna  (Cabot)  Lodge  ;  grand 
son  of  Giles  (born  in  England — came  to  America, 
1772)  and  Mary  (Langdon)  Lodge,  and  of  Henry 
and  Anna  Sophia  (Blake)  Cabot ;  and  a  descend 
ant  of  John  Cabot,  who  emigrated  from  Jersey 
and  settled  in  Salem,  Mass.,  about  1675.  He  was 
prepared  for  college  at  the  schools  of  Thomas 
Russell  Sullivan  and  Epps  Sargent  Dixwell  in 
Boston  and  was  graduated  at  Harvard,  A.B., 
1871,  LL.B.,  1874,  Ph.D.  (history)  1876.  He  was 
admitted  to  the  Suffolk  bar  in  1876  and  devoted 
himself  to  literature  and  to  the  public  service  as 
a  legislator.  He  was  a  commissioner  from  Mas 
sachusetts  and  vice-president  of  the  commission 
to  superintend  the  celebration  of  the  framing  of 


LODGE 


LOGAN 


the  constitution  of  the  United  States  in  1887. 
He  was  a  representative  in  the  Massachusetts 
legislature,  1880  and  1881  ;  a  representative 
from  the  sixth  Massachusetts  district  in  the 
50th,  51st  and  52d  congresses,  1887-93,  and  re 
signed  his  seat  in 
1893  upon  his  election 
to  the  U.S.  senate 
as  successor  to  Henry 
L.  Dawes,  whose  term 
expired  March  3, 
1893.  He  was  re- 
elected  in  1899  with 
out  a  dissenting  voice 
from  the  150  Repub 
lican  legislators,  his 
second  term  expir 
ing  March  3,  1905. 
In  the  senate  lie  was 
chairman  of  the  com 
mittee  on  the  Phil 
ippines  and  a  mem 
ber  of  the  committees  on  civil  service  and  re 
trenchments,  foreign  relations,  immigration, 
railroads  and  the  select  committee  on  indus 
trial  exposition.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  Re 
publican  national  convention  of  1884,  1888, 
1892,  1896  and  1900.  He  placed  Thomas  B.  Reed 
in  nomination  for  President  in  1896,  and  was 
permanent  chairman  of  the  convention  at  Phila 
delphia,  June  19-22,  1900.  He  was  married 
June  29,  1871,  to  Anna  Cabot  Mills,  daughter  of 
Rear- Admiral  Charles  H.  Davis,  U.S.N.,  a  resi 
dent  of  Cambridge,  Mass.,  and  their  son  George 
Cabot  was  appointed  an  acting  ensign  in  the  U.S. 
navy,  April  23,  1898,  and  assigned  to  the  cruiser 
Dixie  commanded  by  his  uncle,  Capt.  Charles 
H.  Davis.  Senator  Lodge  was  elected  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Massachusetts  and  Virginia  Historical 
societies,  the  American  Academy  of  Arts  and 
Sciences  ;  the  New  England  Historic  Genealog 
ical  society  ;  the  American  Antiquarian  society  ; 
a  trustee  of  the  Boston  Atheneum  ;  and  a  regent 
of  the  Smithsonian  Institution.  He  delivered  a 
course  of  lectures  before  the  Lowell  Institute, 
Boston,  on  the  English  Colonies  in  America 
(1880).  His  thesis  at  Harvard  when  he  received 
his  Ph.D.  degree  was  "  Land  Laws  of  the  Anglo- 
Saxons."  He  was  university  lecturer  on  American 
history  at  Harvard,  1876-79,  and  was  editor  of 
Uie  North  American  Review,  1873-76,  and  of 
the  International  Review,  1879-81.  He  re 
ceived  the  honorary  degree  of  LL.D.  from 
Williams  in  1893.  He  is  the  author  of  :  Life 
and  Letters  of  George  Cabot  (1877)  ;  Short  His 
tory  of  the  English  Colonies  in  America  (1881)  ; 
Life  of  Alexander  Hamilton  (1882)  ;  Life  of  Dan 
iel  Webster  (1883)  ;  Studies  in  History  (1886)  ; 
Life  of  Washington  (2  vols.,  1889)  ;  History  of 


Boston  in  "Historic  Towns  Series  '  (1891)  ;  His 
torical  and  Political  Essays  (1892)  ;  Speeches 
(1895)  ;  Hero  Tales  from  American  History,  with 
Theodore  Roosevelt  (1895)  ;  Certain  Accepted 
Heroes,  and  Other  Essays  in  Literature  and  Poli 
tics  (1897)  ;  Story  of  the  Revolution  (2  vols., 
1898)  ;  Story  of  the  Spanish  War  (1899).  He 
edited  Ballads  and  Lyrics  (1881)  ;  Complete 
Works  of  Alexander  Hamilton  (9  vols.,  1885). 

LOEB,  Louis,  artist,  was  born  in  Cleveland, 
Ohio,  Nov.  7,  1866  ;  son  of  Alexander  and  Sara 
(Ehrman)  Loeb.  He  received  his  first  instruc 
tion  in  art  at  the  Art  Students'  league,  New- 
York  city  ;  and  studied  in  France,  1890-92,  at  the 
Academie  Julian  under  Jules  Lefebvre  and  Ben 
jamin-Constant,  and  then  at  the  Ecole  des  Beaux 
Arts  under  Gerome.  He  exhibited  at  the  Paris 
Salon  in  1891  and  subsequently,  and  received 
the  first  prize  of  the  atelier  at  the  Ecole  des 
Beaux  Arts,  1892.  He  returned  to  New  York  in 
1892  ;  was  again  in  Paris,  1894-98,  receiving  at 
the  Salon  honorable  mention  in  1894  and  the 
third-class  medal  in  1896,  and  in  1898  resumed 
his  work  in  New  York.  He  won  especial  recogni 
tion  as  an  illustrator,  much  of  his  work  appear 
ing  in  Haider's  and  the  Century  magazines.  He 
was  made  vice-president  of  the  Art  Students' 
league,  1889,  and  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
Society  of  American  Artists  in  1900. 

LOGAN,  Benjamin,  pioneer,  was  born  in  Au 
gusta  county,  Va.,  in  1743;  son  of  David  Logan, 
an  Irishman,  who  came  to  Pennsylvania  and  mar 
ried  there  and  later  settled  in  Augusta  county, 
Va.,  where  he  died  in  1757.  His  estate  fell  to 
Benjamin,  the  eldest  son,  who  on  reaching  his 
majority  in  1764  divided  it  with  his  mother,  Jane 
Logan,  and  his  sisters  and  brothers,  and  removed 
to  the  Holston  river,  where  he  purchased  lands 
and  married  Ann,  daughter  of  William  Mont 
gomery.  He  served  in  the  wars  against  the  In 
dians,  1764  ;  with  Patrick  Henry  against  Gov 
ernor  Dunniore,  1774  ;  joined  Boone's  party  of 
settlers  en  route  to  Kentucky  in  1775  and  left  the 
party  and  settled  in  what  is  now  Lincoln  county, 
Ky.,  where  with  the  help  of  his  brother  John 
(who  was  a  companion  in  most  of  his  exploits 
and  afterward  a  representative  in  the  state  legis 
lature  and  secretary  of  the  state  of  Kentucky), 
he  built  Fort  Logan,  and  removed  his  family 
thither  in  1776,  but  settled  them  for  a  time  at 
Harrod's  Fort,  where  they  would  be  less  exposed 
to  Indian  attacks.  In  1777  his  family  joined  him 
at  Logan's  Fort,  he  having  been  re-inforced  by  a 
number  of  white  men.  On  May  20,  1777,  the  fort 
was  besieged  by  a  hundred  Indians,  the  siege 
lasting  for  weeks  until  the  garrison  had  about  ex 
hausted  their  ammunition  and  provisions,  when 
Logan  attended  by  two  companions  left  the  fort 
under  cover  of  the  night,  and  made  a  rapid  jour- 


[105] 


LOGAN 


LOGAN 


ney  of  150  miles  to  the  Holston  settlement,  where 
he  procured  powder  and  lead  and  hastily  returned, 
leaving  his  companions  to  follow  with  a  relief 
party  under  Col.  John  Bowman,  who  dispersed 
the  savages.  In  July,  1779,  he  was  second  in 
command  of  an  army  of  over  three  hundred  men 
under  Colonel  Bowman  in  an  expedition  against 
the  Indian  settlement  of  Chillicothe,  and  Logan 
with  one  half  the  army  fell  upon  the  village  ex 
pecting  to  be  supported  by  Bowman,  who  did  not 
arrive.  After  most  of  his  men  had  fled  in.  dismay, 
Logan  and  his  aides  dashed  into  the  bushes  on 
horseback,  forcing  the  Indians  from  their  coverts 
and  completely  dispersing  the  enemy.  In  the 
summer  of  1788  he  again  conducted  an  expedition 
against  the  North  western  tribes.  He  was  a  dele 
gate  to  the  convention  of  1792  that  framed  the 
first  constitution  of  Kentucky,  and  to  the  second 
constitutional  convention  of  1799  in  which  his 
son  William  was  also  a  delegate.  He  was  also  a 
representative  in  tlie  Kentucky  legislature  for 
several  years.  Logan  county,  Ky.,  formed  in 
1792,  was  named  in  his  honor.  He  died  in  Shelby 
county.  Ky.,  Dec.  11,  1802. 

LOGAN,  Celia,  author,  was  born  in  Philadel 
phia,  Pa.,  Dec.  17,  1837  ;  daughter  of  Cornelius 
Ambrosius  and  Eliza  (Acheley)  Logan.  She  re 
moved  with  her  parents  to  Cincinnati,  Ohio, 
where  she  spent  her  early  childhood  and  was 
graduated  from  the  High  school  of  that  city. 
She  went  on  the  stage  at  an  early  age  with  her 
sister  Eliza,  completed  her  education  in  London, 
and  filled  a  position  in  a  publishing  house  there 
as  a  critical  reader  of  submitted  manuscript. 
She  was  married,  in  1859,  to  Miner  K.  Kellogg, 
an  American  painter.  She  had  then  left  the 
stage,  and  in  1860  began  a  literary  career  in  Lon 
don,  under  the  tutelage  of  Charles  Reade.  She 
became  a  correspondent  of  American  journals, 
including  the  Boston  Saturday  Evening  Gazette, 
and  the  Golden  Era  of  San  Francisco,  and  con 
tributed  to  magazines.  During  the  civil  war 
she  resided  in  Milan,  Italy,  translating  war  news 
for  the  Italian  press.  She  returned  to  the  United 
States  in  1806,  and  settled  in  Washington,  D.C., 
in  1868,  and  was  associate  editor  of  The  Capitol, 
with  Don  Piatt  as  chief.  She  was  married 
secondly,  in  1872,  to  James  H.  Connolly,  author 
and  journalist,  and  settled  in  New  York  city 
in  1874.  She  is  the  author  of  the  following 
plays:  Rose  (1878),  produced  in  San  Francisco; 
The  Odd  Trick  (1813);  The  Homestead  (1873);  An 
American  Marriage  (1884).  She  later  adapted 
and  translated  from  the  French,  Gaxton  Cadol,  or 
A  Son  of  the  Soil;  The  Sphinx;  Miss  Mult  on  ; 
Froment  Jeune  by  Daudet,  and  A  Marriage  in 
High  Life.  She  wrote  the  novels  :  Her  Strange 
Fate,  anil  Sarz,  a  Story  of  the  Stage  ;  also  How  to 
Reduce  Your  Weight  or  to  Increase  it. 


LOGAN,  Cornelius  Ambrose,  diplomatist,  was 
born  in  Deerlield,  Mass.,  Aug.  24,  1832;  son  of 
Cornelius  Ambrosius  and  Eliza  (Acheley)  Logan. 
He  was  a  student  at  Auburn  academy  and  was 
graduated  from  the  Miami  Medical  college,  Ohio, 
in  1853  ;  and  from  the  Ohio  Medical  college  in 
1853.  He  was  resident  physician  to  St.  John's 
hospital,  Cincinnati,  Ohio  ;  assistant  in  chemistry 
im  Miami  Medical  college,  1 85 1-53.  and  a  lecturer 
on  chemistry  in  the  summer  school  of  that  college, 
1853.  lie  removed  to  Leavenworth,  Kan.,  in  1858, 
where  he  established  with  Dr.  T.  Sinks  The  Lca- 
venwroth  Medical  Herald  the  first  medical  journal 
published  in  Kansas,  and  was  its  editor,  1861-73. 
He  was  also  botanist  on  the  first  geological  sur 
vey  of  Kansas  and  president  of  the  state  board  of 
medical  examiners,  1861-65.  He  was  U.S.  minis 
ter  to  Chile,  1873-77  ;  practised  medicine  in  Chi 
cago,  111.,  1877-79  ;  was  U.S.  minister  to  the  five 
Central  American  states  with  a  residence  at 
Guatemala,  1879-81;  and  again  U.S.  minister  to 
Chile,  1882-86.  He  studied  in  the  hospitals  of 
London,  Paris  and  Berlin,  1886-87,  and  then 
resumed  his  practice  in  Chicago.  During  his 
service  in  Chile,  he  succeeded  in  obtaining  recog 
nition  for  all  the  leading  medical  schools  in  the 
United  States,  as  only  applicants  holding  a 
diploma  from  Harvard  were  at  that  time  recog 
nized  by  the  board  of  medical  examiners  of  Chile, 
as  eligible  to  practice  in  that  country.  In  1890 
he  was  sent  to  Europe  as  the  first  commissioner 
to  the  World's  Columbian  exposition  to  be  held 
in  Chicago,  111.,  in  1893.  He  received  the  hono 
rary  degree  of  A.M.  from  Yale  in  1868,  that  of 
M.D.  from  the  Bellevue  Hospital  Medical  college 
in  1868,  and  that  of  LL.D.  from  the  National  uni 
versity  of  Chicago  in  188,1.  He  contributed  to 
American  and  European  scientific  journals  ;  edi 
ted  The  Works  of  John  A.  Lo<j<iu  (1886),  and  is 
the  author  of  Reports  on  the  Sanitary  Relations 
of  the  State  of  Kansas  (1866) ;  On  the  Climatology 
of  the  Missouri  Valley  (1878) ;  and  Plri/sicsof  Infec 
tious  Diseases  (ISIS).  He  died  in  Los  Angeles, 
Cal.,  Jan.  30,  1899. 

LOGAN,  Cornelius  Ambrossus,  dramatist,  was 
born  in  Baltimore,  Md.,  May  4,  1806.  He  was 
educated  for  the  priesthood  at  St.  Mary's  college 
near  Baltimore,  Md.  He  entered  a  shipping  house 
in  Baltimore  after  leaving  college  and  visited 
Europe  several  times  in  its  interest.  He  was 
assistant  editor  of  the  Baltimore  Morning  Chron 
icle ;  was  dramatic  critic  of  the  Daily  Chronicle, 
Philadelphia,  Pa.,  and  adopted  the  stage  as  a 
profession  in  1835,  first  appearing  in  tragedy  at 
the  Bowery  theatre,  New  York.  1838,  and  acting 
thereafter  also  in  Canada.  In  1840  lie  removed 
to  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  where  he  opened  the  National 
theatre,  and  continued  as  a  theatrical  manager  in 
that  city,  and  in  Pittsburg  and  Louisville  for 


[106] 


LOGAN 


LOGAN 


•several  years,  after  which  he  travelled  as  a  star 
with  his  daughter  Eliza,  and  became  widely  and 
favorably  known  as  a  comedian.  Macready  was 
so  impressed  with  his  grave-digger  in  "  Hamlet  " 
that  l>e  earnestly  requested  him  to  go  to  England 
mid  appear  with  him  there  in  that  play.  He  was 
married  in  Philadelphia  Sept.  1,  1825,  to  Eliza 
Acheley,  and  their  children  were  :  Thomas  A.  a 
prominent  lawyer  in  Cincinnati;  Celia  (q.v.)  ; 
Olive  (q.v.);  Alice;  Mrs.  Grace  Logan  Spencer, 
of  Boston  and  Dr.  Cornelius  A.  Logan  (q.v.). 
Mr.  Logan  was  one  of  the  first  successful  Ameri 
can  dramatists,  being  the  author  of  the  following 
acted  plays:  Yankee  Land  (1834):  Tlie  Wag  of 
Me i lie  (18;}."));  The  Wool  Dealer  (183(5) ;  Removing 
the  Deposits;  Astarte,  an  adaptation  from  Shelley's 
"Cenci ";  A  Hundred  Years  Hence,  and  Chloroform, 
which  last  was  one  of  the  first  plays  to  have  a 
long  run  in  New  York.  His  Ode.  to  the  Missis 
sippi  was  copied  extensively  and  received  unqual 
ified  praise  in  Black-wood's  Magazine.  He  was 
an  accomplished  classical  scholar,  and  he  ably 
defended  the  stage  against  pulpit  attacks  by 
eminent  Boston  clergymen.  lie  died  while 
travelling  upon  the  Ohio  River,  Feb.  22,  1853. 

LOGAN,  Eliza,  actress,  was  born  in  Philadel 
phia,  Pa.,  Aug.  7.  182?  ;  daughter  of  Cornelius 
Ambrosius  and  Eliza  (Acheley)  Logan.  Her 
mother  (  born  in  Philadelphia,  Nov.  11,  1806, 
died  there,  May  11,  1875)  was  the  daughter  of 
Mary  Acheley ,  who  was  born  at  East  Egg  Har 
bor.  N.J.,  in  1784,  and  married  Captain  Acheley, 
who  died  at  sea.  Eliza  Logan  was  educated  in 
the  Young  Lady's  seminary  at  Lancaster,  Pa. 
She  made  her  first  appearance  on  the  stage  in  1840, 

as  "  Young 
Norval "  at  the 
old  Walnut 
Street  theatre 
in  Philadel 
phia,  and  af 
terward  ap 
peared  at  Bur 
ton's  theatre, 
New  York  city, 
as  Pauline  in  "  The  Lady  of  Lyons."  The  family 
then  removed  to  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  and  Eliza  soon 
assumed  all  the  leading  roles  under  her  father's 
management.  Atone  time  she  played  a  long  en 
gagement  in  New  York  in  successful  rivalry  with 
Rachel,  the  French  actress,  an  event  of  unusual 
interest  in  the  history  of  the  American  stage.  As 
Lady  Macbeth,  Ion,  Juliet,  and  Julia  in  "  The 
Hunchback  "  she  achieved  a  wide  reputation  on 
the  American  stage.  The  elder  Booth  pronounced 
her  Ion  to  be  equal  to  that  of  Miss  Ellen  Tree.  On 
her  marriage  in  1859  to  George  Wood,  a  theatri 
cal  manager,  she  retired  from  the  stage.  She 
died  in  New  York  city,  Jan.  15,  1872. 


[10 


LOGAN,  George,  senator,  was  born  at  Stenton, 
Pa.,  Sept.  9,  1753  ;  son  of  William  Logan,  and 
grandson  of  James  Logan  the  immigrant,  1699. 
His  father  was  a  prominent  lawyer  in  Philadel 
phia,  city  councillor,  1743-76,  librarian  of  the 
Loganian  library,  founded  by  James  Logan,  1751- 
76,  and  bequeathed  to  the  library  a  collection  of 
about  13UO  volumes.  George  was  graduated  at 
Edinburgh,  M.D..  1779,  and  devoted  himself  to 
agriculture.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Society  of 
Friends  ;  a  representative  in  the  state  legislature, 
and  in  June,  1798.  he  went  to  France  on  his  own 
responsibility  and  endeavored  to  avert  war  be 
tween  the  United  States  and  that  country.  He 
was  successful  in  so  modifying  the  embargo  on 
American  shipping  as  to  pave  the  way  for  a  peace 
negotiation.  He  was  denounced  by  the  Federalist 
party  and  an  act  was  passed  by  congress  forbid 
ding  any  unofficial  participation  by  a  citizen  in 
settling  a  controversy  between  the  United  States 
and  a  foreign  power.  He  was  chosen  U.S.  senator 
to  fill  the  vacancy  caused  by  the  resignation  of 
Peter  Muhlenberg,  and  served  1801-07.  He  went 
to  England  in  1810  to  attempt  a  reconciliation 
between  Great  Britain  and  the  United  States. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  American  Philosophical 
society  and  of  the  Pennsylvania  board  of  agri 
culture.  He  is  the  author  of  Experiments  on  Gyp 
sum,  and  Rotation  of  Crops  (1797).  He  died  at 
Stenton,  near  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  April  9.  1821. 

LOGAN,  Henry,  representative,  was  born  on 
Logaiiia  Plantation,  near  Dillsburg,  York  county, 
Pa.,  April  14,  1784;  son  of  Henry  and  Susannah 
(Blair)  Logan  and  grandson  of  John  and  Ann 
Logan,  natives  of  Coot  Hill,  county  Monaghan, 
Ireland,  who  settled  in  York  county,  Pa.,  1749, 
where  Logania  Plantation  was  marked  out  and 
cultivated.  Henry  received  his  school  training  at 
the  backwoods  school  and  in  1814  volunteered  for 
the  defence  of  Baltimore  ;  was  captain  in  the  19th 
regiment,  2d  brigade,  5th  division  Pennsylvania 
militia,  and  was  promoted  lieutenant-colonel, 
Aug.  1,  1814.  He  was  a  representative  from  York 
county  in  the  state  legislature,  1818-19  :  state 
senator,  1828-31;  representative  in  the  24th  and 
25th  congresses,  1835-39,  and  county  commis 
sioner,  1840.  He  was  an  intimate  friend  of  Presi 
dent  Jackson  and  frequently  a  guest  at  the  White 
House.  He  was  a  member  of  the  American  Colo 
nization  Society.  He  was  married  Feb.  22,  1825, 
to  Martha  O'hail  a  descendant  of  Hugh  O'hail  an 
officer  in  the  American  Revolution  ;  and  of  their 
children  seven  survived  them,  three  being  sons  : 
James  Jackson  Logan,  the  Rev.  William  Henry 
Logan,  a  Presbyterian  minister  in  Princess  Anne, 
Md.,  and  John  N.  Logan,  a  member  of  the  York 
county  bar.  Colonel  Logan  passed  the  last 
twenty  years  of  his  life  in  retirement  and  died  at 
his  home  near  Dill.sburg,  Pa.,  Dec.  26.  1866. 
>J 


LOGAN 


LOGAN 


LOGAN,  James,  jurist  and  educationist,  was 
born  in  Lingua,  county  Armagh,  Ireland,  Oct.  20, 
1674;  a  descendant  of  Logan  of  Restalrig,  whose 
estates  were  confiscated  for  his  connection  with 
theGoNvrie  conspiracy  against  James  VI.  of  Scot 
land.  After  the  battle 
of  Boyne,  July  1, 
1600.  he  accompan 
ied  his  father,  who 
was  obliged  to  leave 
the  country  for  his 
Catholic  sentiments, 
first  to  Edinburgh, 
and  later  to  Bris 
tol,  England,  where 
±  he  completed  his 
studies.  He  accom 
panied  William  Penn 
to  America  as  his  sec 
retary  in  1699.  He  was 
made  secretary  of 
the  province  in  1701 
and  subsequently  served  as  clerk  of  the  council, 
commissioner  of  property,  chief  justice  and  as  a 
member  of  the  provincial  council,  1702-07.  He 
gained  the  respect  of  the  Indians  at  Conestoga, 
who  named  their  chief,  Logan,  after  him.  He 
was  impeached  by  the  provincial  assembly,  Feb. 
26,  1707,  on  various  charges,  to  which  he  replied, 
personally  abusing  members  of  the  assembly. 
The  assembly  ordered  his  arrest  and  confinement 
in  the  county  jail,  but  he  escaped  and  went  to 
England  Nov.  25,  1707.  He  returned  in  1712  ; 
was  justice  of  the  court  of  common  pleas,  1715-23, 
and  was  presiding  judge  in  1723.  He  was  chosen 
mayor  of  Philadelphia  the  same  year  and  at/  the 
close  of  his  term  he  went  abroad  to  attend  to 
the  affairs  of  William  Penn.  He  was  chief  jus 
tice  of  the  supreme  court  of  the  province,  1731- 
39,  and  after  the  death  of  Governor  Gordon  in 
1736  was  president  of  the  council  and  acting 
governor,  1736-38.  He  removed  to  his  country 
seat  "Stenton"  where  he  devoted  himself  to 
scientific  pursuits  and  literature.  He  was  a 
founder,  Nov.  13,  1749,  of  the  Public  academy 
in  the  city  of  Philadelphia,  afterward  the  Univer 
sity  of  Pennsylvania,  and  was  a  member  of  the 
first  board  of  trustees  of  the  college,  1749-51 .  He 
was  a  member  of  the  Society  of  Friends  and 
bequeathed  to  the  city  of  Philadelphia  his  exten 
sive  library,  which  became  the  Loganian  library. 
He  was  the  author  of  Experimcnta  de  Plantarum 
Generatione,  (1739);  translation  of  Cicero's  De 
Senectute  (1744),  and  of  other  works  in  Latin  and 
in  English  prose  and  verse.  He  died  at"  Stenton," 
near  Germantown,  Pa.,  Oct.  31,  1751. 

LOQAN,  James  Venable,  educator,  was  born 
in  Scott  county.  Ky.,  July  11. 1835  ;  son  of  James 
Hervey  and  Mary  (Venable)  Logan  ;  grandson  of 


Alexander  and  Jane  (McCampbell)  Logan  and  of 
James  and  Elizabeth  (Cowan)  Venable,  and  a 
descendant  of  James  Logan  of  Ireland,  who 
settled  first  in  Pennsylvania  and  about  1700  in 
what  is  now  Rockbridge  county,  Va.  He  was 
graduated  from  Centre  college,  Danville,  Ky.. 
A.B.,  1854,  and  from  the  Danville  Theological 
seminary,  in  1860.  He  was  licensed  by  the  pres 
bytery  of  Louisville  in  1859,  and  was  ordained  by 
the  presbytery  of  Transylvania  in  1860.  He  was 
pastor  of  the  Presbyterian  church  at  Harrods- 
burg,  Ky.,  1860-68,  edited  the  Free  Christian 
Commonwealth,  1868-69,  and  was  professor  of 
ethics  and  evidences  at  Central  university,  Rich 
mond,  Ky.,  1873-79, and  of  philosophy.  1889.  He 
was  active  in  founding  the  College  of  Philosophy 
and  Science  of  Central  university,  gave  the  sum 
of  $10,000  toward  its  construction  and  was  elected 
president  of  the  college  in  1880.  He  received  the 
degree  of  D.D.  in  LSSO.  and  that  of  LL.D.  in 
1890,  from  Ilampdeii-Sidney  college.  Va.  He 
was  married  in  December,  1863,  to  Mattie  E.  S., 
daughter  of  San  ford  Me  Braver  of  Harrodsburg, 
Ky.  Their  son,  San  ford  McBrayer  Logan  became 
a  Presbyterian  minister. 

LOQAN,  John  Alexander,  statesman  and  sol 
dier,  was  born  in  Murphysboro,  Jackson  count}', 
111.,  Feb.  9,  1826;  eldest  son  of  Dr.  John  and 
Elizabeth  (Jenkins)  Logan.  His  father  immi 
grated  to  the  United  States  from  Ireland  in  1823, 
and  settled  in  Cape 
Girardeau,  Mo.,  re 
moving  later  to  Jack 
son  county,  111. ,  where 
he  conducted  a  farm, 
practised  his  profes 
sion,  was  a  represen 
tative  in  the  state 
legislature  and  held 
several  county  offices. 
John  A.  Logan  ac 
quired  his  prepara 
tory  education  chief 
ly  under  the  instruc 
tion  of  his  father 
and  his  tutor,  and 
he  attended  Shiloh 

college  in  1840.  Upon  the  outbreak  of  the  war 
with  Mexico  in  1846,  he  enlisted  in  the  vol 
unteer  army  and  was  appointed  2d  lieutenant, 
1st  Illinois  volunteers,  and  served  as  adjutant 
and  quartermaster  of  the  regiment  in  New 
Mexico.  He  returned  to  Illinois  at  the  close  of 
the  war,  studied  law  with  his  uncle,  Alexander 
M.  Jenkins,  and  in  1849  was  elected  clerk  of 
Jackson  county.  He  was  graduated  from  the 
law  department  of  Louisville  university  in  1851  ; 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1852  ;  was  a  represent 
ative  in  the  state  legislature,  1852-53,  1856-57  ; 


[108] 


LOGAN 


LOGAN 


prosecuting  attorney  of  the  third  judicial  district 
of  Illinois,    1853-59  ;    presidential   elector  on  the 
Buchanan  and   Breckinridge  ticket   in  185(5,  and 
a  Democratic  representative  in  the  30th  and  37th 
congresses,    1859-61.     In  July,   1801,    during  the 
extra  session  of  the  37th  congress  he  resigned  his 
seat  and  joined  the  Federal  army  at  Bull  Run, 
righting  as  a  private  in  Colonel  Richardson's  regi 
ment.     He    returned    to    Marion,   111.,   where  he 
organized  and  \vas  made  colonel  of  the  31st  Illi 
nois   infantry.     He  commanded  his  regiment  in 
McClernand's  brigade  in  the  battle  of  Belmont. 
where  he  led  a  bayonet  charge  and  had  a  horse 
shot   under   him  ;     nlso    in    the   attack   on    Fort 
Henry,  and  at  Fort  Donelson,  where  he  was  se 
verely  wounded    in  the  left  shoulder.     He  joined 
General  Grant  at   Pittsburg  Landing,  March  5. 
1862,   and    was    appointed    brigadier-general    of 
volunteers.     He   commanded  a  brigade  at  Jack 
son,  Tenn.,  where  he   guarded  the  railroad  lines 
with   six    regiments.     In    1802   he   declined    the 
nomination   for  representative   in  the  38th  con 
gress.     He    commanded     the    3d    division,    17th 
army  corps,  under  General  McPherson  in  Grant's 
northern   Mississippi   campaign  ;    was   promoted 
major-general,  Nov.  '20.  1800,  and  fought  at  Port 
Gibson,  Raymond,  Jackson,  Champion  Hill  and 
at  the  siege  of  Vicksburg,  \vhere  he  was  in  com 
mand  of  McPherson's   centre,  his  command  en 
tering  Vicksburg  immediately  after  the  explosion 
of   the  mine.     He   was  made   the   first   military 
governor   of   Vicksburg,    and    for   his   gallantry 
during    the   siege  lie  received  from   congress  a 
medal  of   honor  which     bore     the      inscription 
"Vicksburg,  July  4.   1803."     He  succeeded  Gen 
eral  Sherman  in  November,  1803,  as  thecomman- 
der  of  the  15th  army  corps.     He  led  the  advance 
of  the  Army  of  the  Tennessee  at  Resaca  ;   and 
repulsed  Hardee    at   Dallas,  where   he  was  shot 
through  the  left  arm.     He  temporarily  succeeded 
General  McPherson  in  command  of  the  Army  of 
the  Tennessee   upon  the  latter's  death,  July  22, 
1864,  and  led  his  corps  in  the  battle  of  Kenesaw 
Mountain  and  in  the  attack  on  Atlanta.     After 
taking  part  in  the  presidential  campaign  of  1864, 
he  rejoined  Sherman  at  Savannah  and  continued 
in  command  of  his  corps  until  the  surrender  of 
Gen.  Joseph   E.   Johnston,  April  26,  1865,  when 
he  succeeded  General  Howard  as  commander  of 
the  Army  of   the   Tennessee.     He   resigned   his 
commission  in  the  army  and  returned  to  his  home 
at  Marion,  111.,  in  August.  1865.     He  was  a  Re 
publican  representative  in  the  40th  and  41st  con 
gresses,  1807-71,  and  was  one  of  the  managers  of 
the  impeachment  trial  of  President  Johnson.    He 
was  U.S.  senator  from  Illinois,  1871-77.  and  1879- 
80.     He   was  a  candidate  for  nomination  for  the 
Presidency  June  3,  1884,  and  upon  the  nomina 
tion  of  James  G.  Blaine  was  chosen  Republican 

[109] 


candidate  for  Vice-President  by  acclamation.  He 
was  commander-in-chief  of  the  Grand  Army  of 
the  Republic  and  it  was  on  his  proposal  that  May 
30th  was  designated  as  Decoration  Day  and  made 
a  national  holiday.  He  was  married  Nov.  27, 
185.").  to  Mary  Simmerson,  daughter  of  Capt. 
John  M.  Cunningham,  register  of  the  land  office 
at  Shawneetown,  111.,  who  survived  him.  They 
had  three  children  :  the  eldest,  a  son,  died  in 
infancy  :  the  second,  a  daughter,  married  Maj.  W. 
F.  Tucker,  U.S.A.;  and  the  youngest,  John  A. 
Logan,  Jr.,  was  a  major  in  the  U.S.  volunteer 
service  in  the  war  with  Spain,  served  in  Cuba  as 
an  adjutant-general  on  Gen.  J.  C.  Bates's  staff  ; 
was  appointed  major  of  the  33d  U.S.  volunteers 
August,  1899,  and  was  killed  while  leading  a 
charge  at  San  Jacinto,  Luzon,  Philippine  Islands, 
Nov.  11,  1899.  General  Logan  is  the  author  of: 
TIic  (ireat  Conspiracy  (1880;;  TJie  Volunteer 
Soldier  of  America  (1887).  An  equestrian  statue 
in  bronze,  on  a  bronze  pedestal  with  bas  relief 
portraits  of  the  general  officers  serving  with  him, 
and  scenes  in  the  senate  when  he  took  the  oath 
of  office,  and  on  battlefields  in  which  lie  engaged, 
was  unveiled  in  Washington,  D.C..  April  10,  1901. 
He  died  in  Washington,  D.C.,  Dec.  20,  1880. 

LOGAN,  Olive,  author,  was  born  in  Elmira, 
N.  Y.,  April  22,  1839  :  daughter  of  Cornelius  Am- 
brosius  and  Eliza  (Acheley)  Logan.  She  was 
educated  partly  at  the  Methodist  Female  semin 
ary,  and  partly  at  the  Academy  of  the  Sacred 
Heart,  at  Cincinnati, 
Ohio.  She  made  her 
debut  on  the  stage 
in  Philadelphia,  Pa., 
in  1854,  and  went  to 
England  in  1857, 
where  she  completed 
her  education.  She 
married  Henry  A. 
Delille  in  April,  1857, 
and  in  1804  appeared 
at  Wallack's  theatre 
in  New  York  city  in 
"  Eveleen,''  a  play  of 
which  she  was  the 
author.  She  had  a 
successful  stage  ca 
reer,  and  retired  in  1868.  She  became  a  lec 
turer,  principally  on  woman's  rights  and  on 
other  social  topics.  She  obtained  a  divorce  from 
her  first  husband  in  December,  1865,  and  was 
married  secondly  Dec.  19,  1871,  to  William  Wirt 
Sikes.  U.S.  consul  at  Cardiff,  Wales,  1876-83. 
She  contributed  to  American  journals  and  mag 
azines  while  a  resident  of  Wales.  Consul  Sikes 
died  in  1883  and  in  1892  she  was  married  thirdly 
to  James  O'Neill  Logan.  She  was  elected  a  mem 
ber  of  the  London  Society  of  Authors  in  1886. 


LTU^J^ 


LOGAN 


LOMAX 


On  her  return  to  the  United  States  in  1895,  she 
resumed  her  journalistic  career  and  returned  to 
the  lecture  platform,  her  successful  lecture  sub 
jects  including:  "The  Life  of  Queen  Victoria" 
and  "  The  Newspaper  Office  as  a  place  for  Girls." 
She  is  the  author  of  :  Photographs  of  Paris  Life 
(1861);  Chateau  Frissac  (186.1);  Women  and  The 
atres  (1869);  Before  the  Footlights  and  Behind 
the  Scenes  :  a  Book  about  the  Show  Business  (1870); 
The  Mimic  World  (1871);  Get  Thee  Behind  Me, 
Satan  (187*2);  They  Met  by  Chance  (1873);  and  a 
dramatization  of  Wilkie  Collins's  "Armadale" 
(1869);  the  comedy  Surf,  or  Life  at  Long  Branch 
produced  by  Daly  (1870):  and  a  metrical  transla 
tion  of  Francois  Coppee's  '*  Le  Passant )%,  produced 
at  the  Princess  theatre,  London  (1887). 

LOGAN,  Stephen  Trigg,  jurist,  was  born  in 
Frankfort,  Ky.,  Feb.  24,  1800  ;  son  of  David  and 
Mary  (Trigg)  Logan  ;  grandson  of  Col.  John  and 
Jane  (McClure)  Logan,  and  of  Col.  Stephen 
and—  — (Christian)  Trigg  and  a  descendant 
of  David  Logan,  an  Irishman  who  settled  in 
Pennsylvania  and  subsequently  removed  to  Au 
gusta  county,  Va.  He  attended  school  in  Frank 
fort,  Ky.,  studied  law  under  Judge  Christopher 
Tompkius  at  Glasgow,  Ky.,  in  1817  and  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar.  He  was  married  in  1823  to 
America  J.,  daughter  of  William  Bush  of  Glas 
gow.  Ky.,  and  secondly  to  a  sister  of  Justice  John 
McKinley  of  the  U.S.  supreme  court.  He  served 
as  attorney  for  tlie  commonwealth  and  practised 
in  Barren  county,  1821-31.  He  lost  his  property, 
accumulated  by  his  practice,  through  security 
debts,  and  in  1832  engaged  in  law  practice  at 
Springfield,  111.  lie  was  judge  of  the  Sangamon 
circuit  district,  1835-37  ;  was  elected  a  second 
time  but  declined  to  serve  ;  practised  law  with 
E.  D.  Baker,  1837-41,  and  with  Abraham  Lincoln, 
1841-44,  and  later  with  his  son-in-law  Milton 
Hay.  He  was  a  representative  in  the  Illinois 
legislature,  1842-48  and  1854-56  and  was  a  delegate 
to  the  state  constitutional  convention  of  1847. 
He  was  a  defeated  candidate  for  representative 
in  congress  in  1848,  owing  to  his  opposition  to 
the  war  with  Mexico.  He  was  a  delegate  for  the 
state  at  large  to  the  Republican  national  conven 
tion  in  1880,  and  a  commissioner  to  the  national 
peace  convention  of  1861,  at  Washington,  where 
he  urged  an  honorable  compromise.  A  memorial 
of  his  life  and  character  was  issued  from  the 
Springfield  press  in  1880.  He  died  in  Springfield, 
III..  July  17,  1SSO. 

LOGAN,  William,  jurist,  was  born  in  the  fort 
at  Harrod's  Fort.  Ky.,  Dec.  8,  1776;  son  of  Benja 
min  and  Ann  (Montgomery)  Logan.  William 
was  said  to  be  the  first  male  child  born  in  Ken 
tucky.  He  passed  his  early  childhood  in  the  fort 
at  St.  Asaphs,  removed  to  Shelby  county  with  his 
parents  about  1800  and  became  a  l.-iwvor.  He 
represented  Lincoln  county  in  the  second  consti 


tutional  convention  at  Frankfort,  Aug.  17,  1799, 
and  settled  in  the  practice  of  law  in  Shelby 
county.  He  represented  both  Lincoln  and  Shelby 
counties  in  the  Kentucky  legislature,  and  served 
as  speaker  of  the  house,  1803-06,  and  1808-09.  He 
was  appointed  by  Governor  Scott  judge  of  the 
Kentucky  court  of  appeals,  serving  1808-12  ;  was 
a  presidential  elector  in  1809,  1813,  and  in  1817  ; 
and  was  elected  U.S.  senator  from  Kentucky  in 
1819.  He  resigned  in  1820  to  become  a  candidate 
for  governor  but  was  defeated  in  the  election  by 
John  Adair,  and  again  represented  Shelby  county 
in  the  state  legislature  in  1821.  He  married  a 
daughter  of  Caleb  Wallace  of  Woodford  county. 
He  died  in  Shelby  county,  Ky.,  Aug.  8.  1822. 

LOMAX,  John  Tayloe,  jurist,  was  born  in  Port 
Tobago,  Caroline  county,  Va..  Jan.  19,  1781  ;  son 
of  Maj.  Thomas  and  Ann  Corbin  (Tayloe)  Lomax; 
grandson  of  Lunsford  and  Judith  (Micou)  Lomax; 
great-grandson  of  John  and  Elizabeth  (Wormley) 
Lomax  of  Port  Tobago,  Caroline  county,  and 
great2-grandson  of  the  Rev.  John  Lomax,  born 
1637,  died  at  North  Shields,  England,  1694.  and 
Catherine  (Gray)  Lomax,  his  wife.  He  was  grad 
uated  from  St.  John's  college,  Annapolis,  Md., 
in  1797,  studied  law  in  Annai>olis,  1797-1801; 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1801.  and  settled 
in  practice  in  Port  Royal  county.  He  was  mar 
ried  July  25.  1805.  to  Charlotte  B.  Thornton  of 
Mansfield,  Va.  He  removed  to  Fredericksburg, 
Va.,in  1805  ;  settled  in  Menokin.  Richmond  coun 
ty,  in  1810;  and  returned  to  Fredericksburg  in 
1813.  He  was  professor  of  law  in  the  University 
of  Virginia,  Charlottesville,  1826-30,  and  associate 
justice  of  the  general  court  of  Virginia,  1830-38 
and  1851-57,  when  he  retired  to  private  life.  HJ 
received  the  degree  of  LL.D.  from  Harvard  in 
1847.  He  is  the  author  of  :  .-1  Digest  of  the  Laws 
respecting  Real  Property  Generally  Adopted  and 
in  Use  in  the  United  States  (1839),  and  A  Treatise 
on  the  Law  of  Executors  and  Administrators  Gen 
erally  in  Use  in  the  United  States  (1841).  He 
died  in  Fredericksburg,  Va.,Oct,  1.  1862. 

LOMAX,  Lunsford  Lindsay,  soldier,  was  born 
in  Newport,  R.  I.,  Nov.  4,  1835  ;  son  of  Maj.  Mann 
Page  and  Elizabeth  (Lindsay)  Lomax  ;  grandson 
ofCa.pt.  William  Lindsay  of  Lee's  legion  in  the 
American  Revolution,  and  a  descendant  of  Sir 
Thomas  Lunsford.  He  graduated  from  the  U.S. 
Military  academy  in  1856  and  wasassigned  to  the 
2d  cavalry,  and  transferred  to  the  1st  cavalry, 
serving  in  the  west.  He  resigned  from  the  U.S. 
army  in  isiil.  and  was  appointed  captain  in  the 
Virginia  state  forces.  He  entered  the  Confede 
rate  army  as  captain  and  assistant  adjutant-gen 
eral  to  (Jen.  Joseph  E.  Johnston.  April  29,  1861. 
He  was  promoted  major,  and  assigned  to  duty  with 
Gen.  Ben  McCulloch,  and  as  lieutenant-colonel 
and  inspector-general  to  Gen.  Earl  Van  Dorn,  in 
July,  1862.  He  was  appointed  colonel  of  the  llth 


LOMAX 


LONG 


Virginia  cavalry  in  February,  1863  ;  brigadier- 
general,  July  23,  1803;  and  major-general,  Aug. 
10,  1861.  In  July,  1863,  he  was  assigned  to  the 
command  of  a  brigade  in  Gen.  Fitzhugh  Lee's 
division,  cavalry  corps,  Army  of  Northern  Vir 
ginia.  In  August,  1864,  he  was  assigned  to  the 
command  of  a  division  of  cavalry  under  General 
Early,  relieving  Geii.  Robert  Ransom.  In 
March,  1863,  he  was  ordered  by  Gen.  Robert 
E.  Lee  to  the  command  of  the  valley  district. 
After  the  evacuation  of  Richmond,  he  moved  to 
Lynchburg  to  intercept  Stoneman,  and  surren 
dered  his  division  at  Greensboro,  with  Gen. 
Joseph  E.  Johnston's  army.  He  engaged  in 
farming  near  Warrenton,  Fauquier  county,  Va., 
1865-8(3  :  was  president  of  the  Virginia  Agricul 
tural  and  Mechanical  college,  Blacksbnrg.  Va., 
1886-'.)!  ;  and  in  the  latter  year  assumed  a  position 
in  the  war  records  office,  Washington,  D.C. 

LOMAX,  Tennent,  soldier,  was  born  in  Abbe 
ville  district,  S.C.,  Sept.  20,  1820  ;  son  of  William 
and  Eliza  (Tennent)  Lomax  ;  grandson  of  W.  P. 
and  Martha  (Middleton)  Tennent,  great-grandson 
of  Maj.  Hugh  Middleton  of  Edgefield,  B.C..  and 
of  the  Rev.  William  Tennent  (1740-1777)  and  a 
descendant  of  the  Rev.  William  Tennent,  the 
founder  of  Log  college,  from  which  sprang 
Princeton  Theological  seminary.  Tennent  Lomax 
was  graduated  at  Randolph-Macon  college.  A.B., 
1840,  A.M..  18.11.  He  resided  in  Eufanla,  Ala., 
where  he  engaged  in  the  practice  of  law  and  in 
planting.  Upon  the  outbreak  of  the  war  with 
Mexico  he  recruited  a  company  which  was  at 
tached  to  the  3th  Alabama  battalion  and  while  in 
Mexico  was  made  military  governor  of  Orizaba. 
He  moved  to  Columbus,  Ga.,  and  was  owner  and 
editor  of  the  Times  and  Sentinel,  and  state  printer 
for  Georgia,  1848-37.  He  removed  to  Mont 
gomery,-  Ala.,  in  1837,  where  he  engaged  in  plant 
ing.  He  became  captain  of  the  Montgomery 
True  Blues,  and  in  1861  was  attached  to  the  2d 
Alabama  regiment  and  took  part  in  the  capture 
of  the  forts  and  navy  yard  at  Pensacola.  Fla.,  and 
asked  the  withdrawal  of  his  command  when  re 
fused  permission  to  assault  Fort  Pickens,  which 
was  soon  afterward  reinforced  and  never  fell 
into  the  hands  of  the  Confederacy.  He  became 
colonel  of  the  3d  Alabama  regiment  and  was  pro 
moted  to  the  rank  of  brigadier-general.  His  reg 
iment  was  attached  to  Mahone?s  brigade.  Huger's 
division,  Longstreet's  corps.  Army  of  Northern 
Virginia,  and  he  was  killed  while  leading  his 
men.  He  was  married  first  to  Sophie  Shorter  of 
Eufaula,  Ala.,  and  after  her  death  to  Mrs.  Carrie 
Billingslea  Shorter  of  Montgomery,  Ala.  He 
left  surviving  him  one  son,  Tennent  Lomax,  a 
child  of  the  second  marriage,  who  became  a  prac 
tising  lawyer  at  Montgomery.  Colonel  Lomax 
died  at  Seven  Pines,  Va.,  June  1,  1862. 


LONG,  Armistead  Lindsay,  soldier,  was  born 
in  Campbell  county,  Va. ,  Sept.  3,  1827.  He  was 
graduated  from  the  U.S.  Military  academy, 
bre vetted  2d  lieutenant  and  assigned  to  the  2d 
artillery  July  1,  1850.  He  served  in  garrison  at 
Fort  Moultrie,  S.C.,  1850-51,  was  promoted  2d 
lieutenant  June  30,  1851,  and  was  on  frontier 
duty  at  Fort  Defiance,  New  Mexico,  1852-53,  and 
at  Albuquerque,  New  Mexico,  1853-54.  He  was 
promoted  1st  lieutenant,  July  1,  1854,  was  in  gar 
rison  at  Fort  Henry,  Md.,  in  1854,  and  at  Bar 
rancas  Barracks,  Fla.,  1854-55.  He  served  on  the 
frontier  at  Fort  Washita,  Indian  Ty.,  1855-56  ;  at 
Fort  Immoe,  Va.,  1856-57  ;  on  frontier  duty  at 
Fort  Leavenworth.  Kan.,  in  1857 and  helped  to 
quell  the  Kansas  disturbances,  1 857-58.  He  was  at 
Foit  Kearny,  Neb.,  in  1858  ;  at  Fort  Leavenworth 
Kan.,  1858-60  and  at  Augusta  arsenal,  Ga.,  1860- 
61  and  surrendered  with  the  garrison  to  the  state 
authorities  in  1861  and  was  sent  north.  He  en 
gaged  in  the  defence  of  Washington,  D.C.,  from 
Feb.  7  to  June  10,  1861,  and  as  aide-de-camp  to 
Gen.  Edwin  V.  Sumner,  his  father-in-law,  from 
May  20  to  June  10,  1861,  when  he  resigned  from 
the  U.S.  army.  He  was  appointed  major  in  the 
Confederate  army  in  July,  1861  ;  was  promoted 
colonel  in  April,  1862,  and  served  at  the  battle  of 
Gettysburg,  July  1-3,  1863,  as  a  member  of  the 
staff  and  military  secretary  of  Gen.  Robert  E. 
Lee.  He  was  promoted  brigadier-general  in 
September,  1863,  and  was  chief  of  artillery  to 
General  Ewell  in  the  campaign  of  the  Wilderness 
and  Richmond,  1864,  and  Appomattox,  1865, 
where  he  surrendered.  He  engaged  as  a  civil 
engineer.  1866-69,  and  subsequently  devoted  his 
time  to  farming.  He  is  the  author  of  :  Memoirs 
of  Robert  E.  Lee  (1886).  He  died  in  Charlottes- 
ville,  Va.,  April  29,  1891. 

LONG,  Chester  Isaiah,  representative,  was 
born  in  Perry  county,  Pa.,  Oct.  12,  1860;  son  of 
Abraham  G.  and  Mary  (Caufr'man)  Long.  He 
removed  with  his  parents  to  Davies  county,  Mo., 
in  1865,  and  settled  in  Paola,  Kan.,  in  1879.  He 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  March  4,  1885,  and  re 
moved  to  Medicine  Lodge,  Kan.,  where  he  en 
gaged  in  the  practice  of  the  law.  He  was  elected 
to  the  state  senate  in  1889  ;  and  was  a  Repub 
lican  representative  from  the  seventh  district  of 
Kansas  in  the  54th,  56th  and  57th  congresses, 
1895-9,"  and  1899-1903. 

LONG,  Clement,  educator,  was  born  in  Hop- 
kinton.  N.H.,  Dec.  1,  1806.  He  was  graduated 
from  Dartmouth,  A.B.,  1828,  A.M..  1831  ;  studied 
theology  at  the  Andover  Theological  seminary, 
1833-34,  and  was  ordained  by  the  presbyter}7  of 
Portage  at  Franklin,  Ohio,  April  6,  1836.  He 
was  professor  of  philosophy  in  Western  Reserve 
college.  Ohio,  1834-44,  and  professor  of  theology 
there,  1844-52  ;  lecturer  on  intellectual  philosophy 


LONG 


LONG 


and  political  economy  at  Dartmouth,  1851-52  ; 
professor  of  Christian  theology  in  the  Auburn 
Theological  seminary,  1852-54  ;  professor  of  intel 
lectual  philosophy  and  political  economy  at  Dart 
mouth,  1854-61,  and  lecturer  on  moral  and  mental 
philosophy  at  Western  Reserve  college,  1860-61. 
He  received  the  degree  of  D.D.  from  Dartmouth 
in  1849,  and  that  of  LL.D.  from  Western  Reserve 
in  1860.  He  contributed  to  Bibliotheca  Sacra. 
He  died  at  Hanover.  N.H.,  Oct.  14,  1861. 

LONG,  Crawford  Williamson,  physician,  was 
born  in  Danielsville,  Ga.,  Nov.  1,  1815;  son  of 
James  and  Elizabeth  (Ware)  Long,  and  grandson 
of  Capt.  Samuel  Long,  an  officer  in  the  Ameri 
can  army  in  the  Revolution,  who  served  under 
Lafayette  at  York- 
town.  Captain  Sam 
uel,  with  his  family 
and  a  colony  of  other 
Peunsylvanians,  set 
tled  in  middle  Georgia 
about  1785.  James 
Long  married  Eliza 
beth  Ware,  of  Am- 
herst,  Va.  ;  was  elect 
ed  to  the  state  sen 
ate,  and  was  a  per 
sonal  and  political 
friend  of  the  Hon. 
William  H.  Craw 
ford.  His  son,  Craw 
ford  WT.,  was  a  room 
mate  of  Alexander  H.  Stephens  at  the  Uni 
versity  of  Georgia,  and  was  graduated,  A.B., 
1835,  and  from  the  University  of  Pennsylvania, 
M.D.,  1839.  He  spent  one  year  in  hospital  prac 
tice  in  New  York  city,  and  in  1841  settled  in 
practice  in  Jefferson,  Ga.  About  this  time  itin 
erant  lecturers  on  chemistry  were  accustomed  to 
conclude  their  evening  entertainments  with  an 
exhibition  of  the  effects  of  "  laughing  gas."  Dr. 
Long  suggested  that  sulphuric  ether  would  pro 
duce  the  same  effect,  and  its  use  for  sport  be 
came  common  at  social  gatherings  in  the 
community,  which  often  ended  with  so-called 
"ether  frolics."  His  professional  services  in 
connection  with  the  frolics  in  which  cuts  and 
bruises  unattended  with  pain  were  discovered 
after  the  effects  of  the  ether  had  passed  off,  led 
him  to  the  discovery  of  the  use  of  ether  as  an 
anaesthetic.  This  was  in  January,  1842,  and  his 
first  surgical  operation  with  the  aid  of  ether  was 
performed  successfully  in  Jackson  county,  March 
30,  1842,  two  and  a  half  years  before  Dr.  Horace 
Wells,  of  Hartford,  discovered  the  anaesthetic 
powers  of  nitrous  oxide  under  similar  circum 
stances,  and  four  and  a  half  years  before  W.  T. 
G.  Morton  administered  it.  at  the  request  of  Dr. 
John  C.  Warren,  in  the  Massachusetts  General 


Hospital  in  Boston.  Dr.  Long's  discovery  was 
known  at  once  not  only  in  Jackson  county,  but 
throughout  the  state  of  Georgia.  His  prac 
tice  called  for  repeated  trials  of  the  vise  of 
ether  as  an  anaesthetic,  notably  on  July  3,  1842  ; 
Sept.  9,  1843,  and  Jan.  8,  1845  ;  but  it  was  not 
until  1846  that  he  published  a  detailed  account  of 
his  discovery  in  the-  Southern  Medical  and  Sur 
gical  Journal.  Dr.  Long  was  married  in  1842  to 
Caroline  Swain,  niece  of  Gov.  David  Swain,  of 
North  Carolina,  and  a  cousin  of  Gen.  Joseph 
Lane,  of  Oregon.  He  removed  to  Athens,  Ga., 
in  1851.  In  1854  he  first  took  part  in  the  famous 
ether  controversy  as  carried  on  by  Morton, 
Jackson,  and  the  friends  of  Horace  Wells,  by 
writing  Senator  Dawson.  of  Georgia,  who  in 
duced  Dr.  Jackson  to  visit  Dr.  Long  at  his  home 
in  Georgia,  which  he  did,  on  March  8,  1854. 
Dr.  Jackson  claimed  that  in  February,  1842,  he 
breathed  chlorine  gas,  and  to  relieve  the  pain  and 
effects  he  inhaled  ether  and  discovered  that  he 
was  insensible  to  pain.  On  hearing  Long's  account 
of  his  discovery,  Dr.  Jackson  wrote  from  Athens 
to  Senator  Dawson  in  Washington,  acknowledg 
ing  the  justice  of  Dr.  Long's  claims.  The  senator 
read  the  letter  in  the  senate,  April  15, 1854,  when 
the  bill  to  determine  the  discoverer  of  anaesthe 
sia  in  order  to  award  the  proper  person  an  appro 
priation  of  $100,000,  was  before  the  senate  for  its 
final  reading,  and  at  the  instance  of  Senator 
Dawson,  Dr.  Long's  name  was  inserted  in  the 
bill.  Here  the  matter  appears  to  have  ended  so 
far  as  any  action  of  congress  affected  the  ques 
tion  of  the  discoverer.  In  1879  Henri  L.  Stuart 
of  New  York  city,  caused  a  portrait  of  Dr.  C.  W. 
Long  to  be  painted  by  Frank  B.  Carpenter,  and 
he  presented  it  to  the  University  of  Georgia  to 
be  placed  in  the  state  capitol.  After  witnessing 
the  ceremony  of  presentation,  Mr.  Stuart  pro 
ceeded  to  Dr.  Long's  late  home  at  Athens,  Ga. , 
intending  to  visit  his  grave,  Dr.  Long  having 
died  in  Athens  the  year  before.  Arriving  late  at 
night,  he  was  stricken  with  paralysis  before 
morning,  and  after  a  brief  illness  died.  His  re 
mains  were  deposited  in  a  grave  next  that  of 
the  benefactor  he  had  sought  to  honor.  See 
"Long,  the  Discoverer  of  Anaesthesia,"  in  The 
Johns  Hopkins  Hospital  Bulletin,  August-Sep 
tember.  1H97,  by  Hugh  H.  Young,  A.M.,  M.D. 
Dr.  Long  died  in  Athens,  Ga.,  June  10,  1878. 

LONG,  Daniel  Albright,  educator,  was  born 
near  Graham,  N.C.,  May  22,  1844;  son  of  Jacob 
and  Jane  (Stockard)  Long,  and  great-grandson 
of  James  and  Ellen  Stockard  and  of  Conrad  and 
Catherine  Long.  lie  was  prepared  for  college 
by  his  brother,  the  Rev.  Dr.  William  Samuel 
Long,  and  by  the  Rev.  Dr.  Alexander  Wilson  ; 
attended  the  University  of  North  Carolina.  180(5- 
68,  and  received  the  degree  of  A.M.  in  1*71,  Ho 


[112] 


LONG 


LONG 


taught  school,  1808-73  ;  was  president  of  Graham 
college,  N.C.,  1873-82  ;  president  and  professor 
of  mental  and  moral  science  at  Antioch  college, 
Ohio,  1883-99,  and  in  1899  retired  to  his  farm 
near  Graham,  N.C.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
Ohio  College  association  ;  of  the  National  Educa 
tional  association  ;  of  the  International  Congress 
of  Education  ;  of  the  American  Institute  of  Chris 
tian  Philosophy  ;  of  the  Council  of  the  American 
Congresses  of  Churches  ;  was  president  of  the 
American  Christian  convention  and  of  the  Chris 
tian  Publishing  association  for  eight  years,  and 
a  fellow  of  Columbia  university,  N.Y.,  1894-95. 
He  received  the  honorary  degree  of  D.D.  from 
the  University  of  North  Carolina,  and  that  of 
LL.D.  from  Union  Christian  college  in  1886.  He 
is  the  author  of  :  Legal  History  of  Antioch  Col 
lege  (1890);  History  of  Coinage  (1896),  and  con 
tributions  to  the  press. 

LONG,  Eli,  soldier,  was  born  in  Woodford 
county,  Kentucky,  June  16,  1837  ;  son  of  Eli 
and  Margaret  Long.  He  was  graduated  from 
the  military  school,  Frankfort,  Ky.,  in  1855  ;  was 
appointed  from  civil  life,  2d  lieutenant,  1st  U.S. 
cavalry,  June  27,  1856,  and  served  in  the  Indian 
campaigns  of  1857-61.  He  was  promoted  1st 
lieutenant,  March  1,  and  captain,  May  24,  1861, 
and  was  assigned  to  the  4th  U.S.  cavalry.  He 
served  in  the  army  of  the  west  and  participated 
in  the  operations  leading  to  and  including  the 
battle  of  Stone's  River,  Tenn.,  Dec.  31,  1862,  to 
Jan.  3,  1863.  He  was  commissioned  colonel  of 
the  4th  Ohio  cavalry,  Feb.  23,  1863,  and  took  part 
in  the  Tullahoma  campaign,  June  24  to  July  3, 
1863.  He  commanded  the  2d  division,  2d  brigade 
of  cavalry  at  the  battle  of  Chickamauga,  Sept. 
19  and  20,  1863;  was  in  the  Chattanooga  cam 
paign,  Nov.  23-27, 1863,  and  in  northern  Alabama 
iintil  June  6,  1864,  when  he  served  in  the  Atlanta 
campaign  until  its  close,  Sept.  18,  1864.  He  was 
promoted  brigadier-general,  Aug.  18,  1864.  Ho 
commanded  the  2d  division  of  the  cavalry  corps 
in  Wilson's  raid  through  Alabama  and  Georgia 
from  March  22  to  April  20,  1865,  and  commanded 
the  military  district  of  New  Jersey,  1865-66.  He 
was  brevetted  major  for  gallantry  in  the  bat 
tle  of  Farmington,  Tenn.,  Oct.  7,  1862;  lieu 
tenant-colonel  for  the  defense  of  Knoxville, 
Tenn.,  Dec.  3,  1863  ;  colonel  for  the  battle  of 
Love  joys'  Station,  Ga.,  Aug.  21,  1864,  brigadier- 
general,  March  13,  1865,  for  the  battle  of  Selma, 
Ala.  ;  major-general,  March  13,  1865,  for  gallant 
and  meritorious  services  in  the  field  during  the 
war,  and  major-general  of  volunteers,  March  13, 
1865,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  in 
action.  He  was  wounded  four  times  during  the 
war,  receiving  a  severe  injury  to  his  head  at  the 
battle  of  Selma,  Ala.  He  was  mustered  out  of 
the  volunteer  service,  Jan.  15,  1866,  and  was  re 


tired  with  the  rank  of  major-general,  Aug.  16, 
1867,  by  reason  of  wounds  in  line  of  duty,  but 
was  reduced  to  the  rank  of  brigadier-general 
through  the  operation  of  the  act  of  March  3, 
1875,  when  he  was  again  retired  with  the  rank  of 
brigadier-general.  He  was  married  Sept.  5. 
1865,  to  Jane  I.  Lane  at  Louisville,  Ky.,  and 
after  his  retirement  resided  in  Plainfield,  N.  J. 

LONG,  Eugene  Rufus,  educator,  was  born  in 
Sumter  county,  S.C.,  Dec.  10,  1862;  son  of 
Isaac  Jasper  and  Callie  (Kennedy)  Long  ;  grand 
son  of  Isaac  and  Lettie  (Hamilton)  Long  and  of 
John  Leland  and  Jane  (Chamblin)  Kennedy,  and 
of  Scotch-Irish  ancestry.  He  was  graduated  from 
Arkansas  college,  A.B.,  1878,  and  was  a  student 
at  Southwestern  Presbyterian  university,  1882- 
83.  He  was  professor  in  Arkansas  college,  1883- 
95  ;  president  of  the  college,  1891-95  ;  professor 
of  English  in  Southwestern  Presbyterian  univer 
sity,  1895-97,  and  in  1897  returned  to  Arkansas 
college  as  president  and  professor  of  biblical 
literature  and  political  science.  He  was  married 
Dec.  26,  1900,  to  Sallie,  daughter  of  J.  R.  S. 
Meek  of  Warren,  Ark. 

LONG,  Isaac  Jasper,  educator,  was  born  in 
Anderson  district,  S.C.,  Feb.  23,  1831 ;  son  of 
Isaac  and  Lettie  (Hamilton)  Long  ;  grandson  of 
Joseph  Long,  who  migrated  from  Virginia  to  East 
Tennessee,  and  a  descendant  of  Luke  Hamilton, 
who  emigrated  from  the  north  of  Ireland  and 
settled  in  South  Carolina.  He  was  graduated  at 
Centre  college,  Ky.,  1858;  studied  at  Danville 
Theological  seminary,  1858-59,  and  at  Columbia 
Theological  seminary,  S.C.,  1859-60.  He  was 
principal  of  the  preparatory  department,  Centre 
college,  Ky.,  1859-60;  was  licensed,  April  12, 
1860,  and  was  supply  at  Itonia,  S.C.,  1860-61. 
He  was  married  Aug.  30,  1859,  to  Callie  P.  Ken 
nedy.  He  was  ordained  by  the  presbytery  of 
Harmony,  Oct.  31,  1861  ;  was  pastor  of  Concord 
church,  Sumter  district,  S.C.,  and  chaplain,  C.S. 
A.,  1861-67.  In  1867  he  became  pastor  at  Bates- 
ville,  Ark.,  where  he  founded  an  academy  which 
became  Arkansas  college  in  1872,  and  of  which 
he  was  president  and  professor  of  ancient  lan 
guages  and  biblical  literature,  1872-91.  He  re 
ceived  the  honorary  degree  of  D.D.  from  Arkan 
sas  college  in  1876.  He  is  the  author  of  :  Outlines 
of  Ecclesiastical  History  (1888).  He  died  at 
Batesville,  Ark.,  Dec.  10,  1891. 

LONG,  John  Collins,  naval  officer,  was  born  in 
Portsmouth,  N.H.,  Sept.  6,  1795;  son  of  Capt. 
George  and  Martha  (Hart)  Long,  and  grandson 
of  Gen.  Pierse  Long  (q.  v.)  He  attended  the 
academy  in  Portsmouth,  N.H..  and  was  war 
ranted  a  midshipman  in  the  U.S.  navy,  July  12, 
1812.  On  Aug.  29,  1812,  was  ordered  to  the  Con 
stitution  as  aide  to  Commodore  Bainbridge.  and 
took  part  in  the  engagement  between  the  Consti- 

[113] 


LONG 


LONG 


/v\ERF<l/v\AC. 


tution  and  Java,  Dec.  29.  1812.  He  was  trans 
ferred  to  the  Washington;  Commodore  Hull, 
Sept.  14,  1814,  and  subsequently  to  the  Boxer, 
Commodore  John  Porter.  In  1818  he  was  granted 
a  furlough  and  made  voyages  to  the  East  Indies 
and  various  European  and  South  American  ports 

as  first  officer  of 
a  merchant  ship. 
In  November, 
1S1!),  he  was  as 
signed  to  the  In- 
dependence,Com- 
modore  Shaw; 
in  February,  18- 
-23,  to  the  sloop 
Hornet  in  the 
Vv  est  Indies  ;  in 
November,  1823,  to  the  sloop  Peacock  and  went  to 
the  Pacific  ocean  ;  and  in  1824  to  the  government 
frigate  United  States,  Commodore  Hull,  serving 
1824-27.  He  was  married  June  1,  1829,  to  Mary 
I).,  daughter  of  Nathaniel  and  Dorothy  (Folsom) 
Gilman  of  Exeter,  Vt.  He  was  at  the  Portsmouth 
navy  yard,  N.H.,  1827-31  ;  accompanied  Commo 
dore  Downes  on  his  cruise  to  the  Pacific  in  the 
Potomac,  1832-34  ;  resided  at  Portsmouth,  N.  H., 
1834-37  ;  commanded  a  rendezvous  in  Boston, 
Mass.,  1837-89,  and  commanded  the  sloop  Boston, 
1840-43.  He  was  promoted  post-captain.  March 
2,  1849,  and  commanded  the  Mississippi  when 
that  vessel  brought  the  Hungarian  patriot  Kos- 
suth  to  the  United  States  in  1852,  and  was  instru 
mental  in  preventing  Kossuth  from  compromis 
ing  the  United  States  government  by  making 
revolutionary  speeches  at  Marseilles.  He  com 
manded  the  Saranac,  1852-55,  and  diiring  these 
years  conducted  the  Brazilian  minister,  DeSodre, 
to  his  home,  and  the  U.S.  minister,  Carroll 
Spence,  to  Constantinople.  He  commanded  the 
Pacific  squadron,  U.S.S.  Mfrrimac,  flagship, 
1807-59.  He  was  retired  in  1861,  was  promoted 
commodore  on  the  retired  list,  July  16,  1862,  and 
settled  in  Exeter,  N.  H.  He  died  in  North  Con- 
way,  N.H.,  Sept.  2,  1865. 

LONG,  John  Davis,  statesman,  was  born  in 
Buckfield,  Oxford  county,  Maine.  Oct.  27,  1838  ; 
son  of  Zadoc  and  Julia  Temple  (Davis)  Long); 
grandson  of  Thomas  and  Bathsheba  (Churchill) 
Long,  and  of  Simon  and  Persis  (Temple)  Davis  ; 
and  a  descendant  on  the  paternal  side  of  Richard 
Warren  of  the  Mayflower,  and  of  Thomas  Clark, 
one  of  the  company  of  the  Ann,  which  came  to 
Plymouth  in  1623  ;  and  on  the  maternal  side  of 
Dolor  Davis,  who  came  from  Kent,  England,  to 
Massachusetts  Bay  colony,  in  1634.  Zadoc  Long 
was  the  Whig  candidate  for  representative  in  the 
26th  congress  in  1838,  but  was  defeated  by  Virgil 
D.  Parris.  John  Davis  Long  was  named  for 
Governor  John  Davis  (q.  v.),  a  cousin  of  his  ma- 


1114] 


ternal  grandfather.  He  was  prepared  for  college 
at  Hebron  academy,  and  was  graduated  at  Har 
vard,  fourth  in  the  class  of  1857,  and  was  class 
odist.  He  was  principal  of  Westford  academy, 
Mass.,  1857-59;  was  a  student  at  Harvard  Law 
school  in  18C1,  and 
was  admitted  to  the 
bar  at  Boston,  Mass.. 
the  same  year.  He 
practised  in  Buck- 
field,  Maine.  1861 -(52, 
and  in  1862  went  to 
Boston.  He  made 
his  home  in  Hing- 
ham,  Mass.,  in  1869, 
and  became  associat 
ed  that  year  with 
Stillmati  B.  Allen  in 
the  law.  He  was  a 
Republican  represen 
tative  in  the  Massa 
chusetts  legislature, 
1875-78,  serving  as  speaker  of  the  house.  187(5.  1877 
and  1878;  lieutenant-governor  of  Massachusetts. 
1879  ;  governor  of  Massachusetts,  18SO-82  ;  a  dele 
gate  to  the  Republican  national  convention  of 
1884,  where  he  nominated  George  F.  Edmunds 
for  President,  and  a  representative  from  the 
second  district  of  Massachusetts  in  the  48th,  49th 
and  50th  congresses,  1883-89,  declining  renomina- 
tion  in  1888.  He  was  a  candidate  before  the 
state  legislature  in  1878  for  U.S.  senator.  At 
the  close  of  his  congressional  term  he  returned  to 
the  practice  of  law  in  Boston,  the  firm  being 
Allen,  Long  &  Hemenway.  On  March  4,  1897, 
President  McKinley  made  him  secretary  of  the 
navy  in  his  cabinet,  and  reappointed  him  March  5, 
1901.  He  was  twice  married  :  first,  in  1N70.  to  Mary 
Woodward,  daughter  of  George  S.  and  Helen  M. 
(Paul)  Glover  of  Hingham.  Mass.  ;  and  secondly, 
May  22,  1886,  to  Agnes,  daughter  of1  the  Rev. 
Joseph  D.  Peirce  of  North  Attleboro,  Mass.,  and 
their  son  Peirce  was  born  at  North  Attleboro, 
Mass.,  Dec.  29,  1887.  He  was  president  of  tl.o 
Massachusetts  Total  Abstinence  society,  a  fellow 
of  the  American  Academy  of  Arts  and  Sciences, 
and  received  LL.I).  from  Harvard  in  1880.  He 
gave  to  the  town  of  Buckfield  in  1901  the  Zadoc 
Long  Free  Library.  He  published  a  translation  of 
the  ^Eneid  and  a  volume  of  after-dinner  speeches. 
LONG,  Pierse.  delegate,  was  born  in  Ports 
mouth.  N.H.,  in  1739;  son  of  Pierse  Long,  who 
came  from  Limerick,  Ireland,  to  Portsmouth  and 
engaged  in  the  shipping  business.  He  entered 
partnership  with  his  father  and  became  interested 
in  public  affairs.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  pro 
vincial  congress  of  New  Hampshire,  1775,  and 
colonel  of  the  1st  New  Hampshire  regiment,  com 
manding  the  regiment  at  Ticonderoga,  July  1, 


AA/.    o/ 


O 


LONG 


LONGFELLOW 


1777.  As  commander  of  a  regiment  of  invalids 
and  convalescents  in  the  retreat,  July  5,  1777,  he 
engaged  the  9th  regiment  of  British  regulars, 
Colonel  Hill,  and  had  nearly  vanquished  them 
when  his  ammunition  became  exhausted  and  he 
was  obliged  to  retreat  to  Fort.  Edward.  He 
served  there  and  at  Lake  George  and  Lake  Cham- 
plain  and  was  present  when  Burgoyne  surren 
dered  at  Saratoga.  For  his  services  he  was 
brevetted  brigadier-general.  He  was  a  delegate 
from  New  Hampshire  to  the  Continenal  congress, 
1784-86  ;  a  member  of  the  executive  council, 
1786-89  ;  and  a  delegate  to  the  state  constitu 
tional  convention  of  1788.  President  Washington 
appointed  him  U.S.  collector  at  the  port  of  Ports 
mouth  in  1789.  His  daughter  Polly  married  Col. 
Tobias  Lear,  secretary  to  President  Washington, 
April  17.  1790.  Before  taking  charge  of  the 
office  as  collector  General  Long  died  at  Ports 
mouth,  N.H.,  April  8,  1789. 

LONG,  Stephen  Harriman,  engineer,  was  born 
in  Hopkinton,  N.H.,  Dec.  80,  1784;  son  of  Moses 
and  Lucy  (Harriman)  Long.  He  was  graduated 
from  Dartmouth  college,  A.B.,  1809,  A.M.,  1812, 
and  taught  school,  1809-14.  He  entered  the  U.S. 
army  as  2d  lieutenant  of  engineers,  Dec.  12,  1814, 
and  was  professor  of  mathematics  at  the  U.S.  Mili 
tary  academy.  1815-18.  He  was  brevetted  major 
of  topographical  engineers, -April  29,  1816,  and  had 
charge  of  governmental  explorations  of  the  terri 
tory  between  the  Mississippi  river  and  the  Rocky 
Mountains,  1818-23,  and  discovered  the  peak  in 
Colorado  which  bears  his  name.  He  was  married 
March  3,  1819,  to  Martha  Hodgkins  of  Philadel 
phia,  Pa.  He  explored  the  sources  of  the  Missis 
sippi  river,  1828-24  ;  was  brevetted  lieutenant- 
colonel,  Apcjl  29.  1826.  and  was  engaged  in 
surveying  the  line  of  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio 
railroad,  1827-80.  He  was  engineer-in-chief  of 
the  Atlantic  and  Great  Western  railroad  in 
Georgia,  1837-40,  where  he  introduced  a  system 
of  curves  in  the  location  of  the  road  and  a  new 
truss  bridge  called  by  his  name.  At  about  this 
time  he  was  connected  with  the  proposed 
national  road  from  Portland,  Maine,  to  Canada. 
He  was  promoted  major  in  the  topographical 
engineer  corps,  July  7,  1838,  on  the  organization 
of  that  corps.  In  1860-61  he  was  on  duty  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Mississippi  river,  and  was  called  to 
Washington  and  advanced  to  the  rank  of  colonel, 
Sept.  9,  1861  ;  served  in  the  war  department  there, 
and  on  June  1.  1868,  was  retired  on  surgeon's 
certificate,  but  continued  to  perform  important 
official  duties  until  his  death.  For  his  work  as  an 
explorer  he  received  recognition  in  American 
literature  in  Edwin  James's  "  Account  of  the 
First  Expedition  to  the  Rocky  Mountains, 
1819-20.  from  notes  by  Major  Long  and  others" 
(1823)  ;  and  William  H.  Keating's  two  volume 


work,  "  Long's  Expedition  to  the  Source  of  St. 
Peter's  River,  Lake  of  the  Woods"  (1824).  ile 
was  a  member  of  the  American  Philosophical 
society  and  the  author  of:  Railroad  Manual 
(1829),  the  first  work  of  this  title  published  in  the 
United  States.  He  died  in  Alton,  111.,  Sept.  4, 1864. 

LONGFELLOW,  Ernest  Wadsworth,  painter, 
was  born  in  Cambridge,  Mass.,  Nov.  23.  1845; 
second  son  of  Henry  Wadsworth  and  Frances 
(Appleton)  Longfellow.  His  preparatory  educa 
tion  was  acquired  in  private  schools  in  Cam 
bridge  and  Boston,  and  he  was  graduated  from 
Lawrence  Scientific  school.  Harvard,  S.B.,  1865. 
He  studied  art  in  Paris  under  Hebert,  and  after 
visiting  Italy  and  German}-  lie  returned  to  Amer 
ica  in  1866.  He  was  married  in  1868  to  Harriet 
E.,  daughter  of  Israel  Monson  Spelman,  and  again 
went,  abroad,  studying  under  Bonnat  in  Paris, 
1868-69.  On  his  return  in  1869  lie  opened  a 
studio  in  Boston.  He  exhibited  "  The  Old  Mill  " 
at  the  Centennial  exhibition,  Philadelphia,  1876; 
studied  under  Couture  near  Paris,  1876-77,  re 
turning  to  America  in  1879.  He  was  vice-presi 
dent  of  the  Boston  Art  club,  1880-82,  and  was 
later  elected  a  member  of  the  Century  As 
sociation.  His  earlier  works  include  :  Italian 
PJn'ferari  (1877);  Choice  of  Youth  (1878) ;  Even 
ing  on  the  Xile  (1880);  Morning  on  tJie  ^Egean 
(1881),  and  three  portraits  of  Henry  W.  Long 
fellow  :  1.  at  Craigie  House  (1876)  ;  2,  at  Bowdoin 
college  (1881)  ;  3,  finished  after  the  poet's  death. 
His  later  works  consist  chiefly  of  small  land 
scapes  and  ideal  nude  subjects. 

LONGFELLOW,  Henry  Wadsworth,  poet, 
was  born  in  Portland,  Maine,  Feb.  27.  1807  ;  son 
of  the  Hon.  Stephen  and  Zilpah  (Wadsworth) 
Longfellow.  He  was  named  for  his  maternal 
uncle,  a  lieutenant  in  the  American  navy,  who 
when  nineteen  years  of  age  perished  gallantly  at 
Tripoli  in  the  fire-ship  Intrepid.  He  spent  his 
boyhood  on  Congress  street,  Portland,  his  mother's 
ancestral  home,  and  began  his  school  life  at  the  age 
of  three,  attending  a  school  kept  by  Mrs.  Fellows. 
He  entered  a  public  school  in  Love  Lane,  Port 
land,  in  1812,  where  he  remained  for  a  week, 
when  he  was  removed  by  his  parents  to  a  private 
school  kept  by  Mr. Wright  and  later  by  Mr.  N.  H. 
Carter.  After  attending  Portland  academy, 
1813-21,  he  entered  Bowdoin  college  and  during 
his  course  there  contributed  occasional  poems  to 
periodicals,  his  first  printed  verses,  "The  Battle 
of  Lovell's  Pond,"  appearing  in  the  Portland  Ga 
zette  of  Nov.  17,  1820.  At  the  senior  examina 
tion  he  made  a  translation  from  Horace  which 
was  warmly  approved  by  one  of  the  college 
trustees.  Mr.  Benjamin  Orr,  who  recommended 
young  Longfellow  for  a  proposed  chair  of  modern 
languages.  The  trustees  provisionally  approved 
the  proposal,  stipulating  that  Longfellow  fit 


[115] 


LONGFELLOW 


LONGFELLOW 


himself  for  the  position  in  Europe.  Accordingly 
after  spending  the  winter  of  1825-26  in  rest  at  his 
Portland  home,  reading  a  little  in  his  father's 
law  office,  on  May  13,  1826,  he  sailed  for  Havre-de- 
Grace.  He  studied  and  traveled  in  France,  Spain, 
Germany,  Italy  and  England,  and  returned  home 
in  July,  1829,  on  receiving  the  news  of  the  death 
of  his  sister  Elizabeth.  On  the  opening  of  the 
term  at  Bowdoin  college  in  1829.  instead  of  the 
expected  professorship  lie  was  offered  the  posi 
tion  of  instructor,  which  he  rejected.  At  a 
meeting  of  the  board  of  trustees  on  Sept.  1,  1829, 
it  was  voted  to  create  the  chair  and  elect  him 
professor  with  a  salary  of  $800,  which  was  after 
ward  raised  to  $1000,  a  full  professor's  salary. 
He  was  also  appointed  librarian  for  one  year 
with  a  salary  of  $100.  He  held  both  of  these  posi 
tions  until  1835,  taught  four  modern  languages 
and  prepared  his  own  text-books  in  French, 
Spanish  and  Italian.  He  began  to  contribute  to 
the  North  American  Review  in  April,  1831,  arti 
cles  on  the  origin  and  progress  of  the  French, 
Spanish  and  Italian  languages  and  literature  and 
also  original  translations.  On  the  establishment 
of  the  New  England  Magazine  by  Joseph  T.  Buck 
ingham  in  1831,  he  sent  to  the  opening  number 
the  first  of  a  series  called  "The  Schoolmaster" 
which  were  scenes  from  his  travels  in  France. 
They  were  the  first  sketches  of  his  "  Outre  Mer." 
He  was  married  Sept.  14,  1831,  to  Mary  Storer, 
daughter  of  Judge  Barrett  and  Anne  (Storer) 
Potter  of  Portland,  Maine.  She  is  commemo 
rated  in  Longfellow'  "Footsteps  of  Angels  "as 

"  the  Being  Beauteous 
Who  unto  my  youth  was  given 
More  than  all  things  else  to  love  me, 
And  is  now  a  saint  in  heaven." 

They  began  housekeeping  on  Federal  street, 
Brunswick,  Maine,  where  Professor  Longfellow 
attended  his  classes  and  continued  his  literary 
work.  In  1833  he  published  his  first  book  "  Coplas 
<le  Don  Jorge  Manrique,"  a  translation  from  the 
Spanish,  with  an  original  essay.  His  second 
book,  "  Outre-Mer,"  was  written  somewhat  after 
the  style  of  Irving's  "  Sketch-Book "  which 
had  been  Longfellow's  favorite  book  when  a 
boy.  In  December,  1834,  he  received  a  letter 
from  President  Josiah  Quincy,  offering  him  the 
professorhip  of  modern  languages  at  Harvard  col 
lege,  Professor  Ticknor,  who  was  about  to  resign 
his  chair,  having  recommended  him  as  his 
successor.  When  Longfellow  accepted,  it  was 
suggested  that  he  visit  Europe  for  the  purpose  of 
perfecting  himself  in  the  German  and  Scandina 
vian  tongues  and  he  resigned  from  Bowdoin  and 
in  April,  1835,  set  sail  with  his  wife  for  England, 
:md  thence,  a  few  weeks  later,  went  to  Norway 
and  Sweden.  Late  in  the  autumn  he  settled  in 
Rotterdam,  Holland,  where  his  wife  and  child 
died  Nov.  29,  1835.  He  passed  the  winter  of 


1835-36  in  Heidelberg,  Germany,  where  he  met 
Bryant  and  his  family.  The  spring  and  summer 
of  1836  were  spent  chiefly  in  Switzerland  and 
the  Tyrol,  and  at  Interlachen  he  met  Frances 
Appleton,  who  afterward  became  his  wife.  He 
reached  home  in  November,  1836,  and  in  Decem 
ber  was  established  as  Smith  professor  of  French 
and  Spanish  languages  and  literatures  and  belles 
lettres  at  Harvard.  He  continued  his  contribu 
tions  to  the  periodicals,  and  in  1839  published 
"  Hyperion  :  a  Romance  "  which  was  inspired  by 
Miss  Appleton,  who  is  pictured  therein  as  "  Mary 


LOAICFE.LLOW'3    HOME.,<A/AB  Rl  PCE.. 

Ashburton."  In  March,  1837,  Nathaniel  Haw 
thorne,  a  classmate  of  Longfellow's  at  Bowdoin, 
sent  to  Longfellow  his  "  Twice-told  Tides  "  which 
he  noticed  in  the  North  American  Review  of  July, 
1837,  and  was  thus  among  the  first  to  recognize 
Hawthorne's  genius.  In  this  year  he  also  formed 
a  strong  and  lasting  friendship  with  Cornelius  C. 
Felton,  George  S.  Hilliard,  Henry  R.  Cleveland 
and  Charles  Sumner.  They  called  themselves 
the  "Five  of  Clubs  "and  earned  for  themselves 
the  sobriquet  of  the  "  Mutual  Admiration  So 
ciety."  "The  Psalm  of  Life"  appeared  anony 
mously  in  The  Knickerbocker  Magazine,  in  1838, 
and  was  republished  in  Longfellow's  first  volume 
of  poems,  "  The  Voices  of  the  Night,"  in  1839. 
He  became  a  contributor  to  Graham's  Magazine 
in  1841.  In  the  spring  of  1842  he  obtained  a  six 
months'  leave  of  absence  and  made  a  third  visit 
to  Europe.  He  was  entertained  in  London  for 
two  weeks  by  Charles  Dickens,  and  at  Marien- 
berg-on-the-Rhine,  where  he  spent  the  summer, 
he  made  the  acquaintance  of  the  German  poet 
Freiligrath,  which  ripened  into  friendship  and 
lasted  until  the  latter's  death.  He  was  married, 
July  13,  1843,  to  Frances  Elizabeth,  daughter  of 
Nathan  and  Maria  Theresa  (Gold)  Appleton,  and 
as  a  wedding  gift  Mr.  Appleton  presented  to 
them  Craigie  House  and  estate,  where  the  poet 
had  lived  since  1837.  The  subject  of  "  Evange- 
line,  a  Tale  of  Acadia  "  (1847),  was  a,  gift  from 
Hawthorne  to  Longfellow.  This  is  considered 
Longfellow's  representative  poem  and  was  his 


[11G] 


LONGFELLOW 


LONGFELLOW 


favorite  among  his  own  writings.  Holmes  likened 
it  to  some  "  exquisite  symphony."  He  resigned 
his  chair  at  Harvard  in  1854,  and  at  his  suggestion 
James  Russell  Lowell  was  elected  to  fill  the  va 
cancy.  "Hiawatha;  an  Indian  Edda,"  which 
appeared  in  1850,  is  said  to  be  his  most  genuine 
addition  to  American  literature,  and  lias  been 
translated  into  nearly  all  of  the  modern  languages 
and  into  Latin.  The  poem  won  immediate  rec 
ognition  in  Europe,  and  within  four  weeks  of  its 
publication  ten  thousand  copies  had  been  sold. 
When  the  Atlantic  Monthly  was  established  in 
1857  Longfellow  became  a  contributor.  A  sad 
accident  befell  Mrs.  Longfellow  on  the  afternoon 
of  Tuesday,  July  9,  1861.  A  bit  of  burning  wax 
from  which  she  was  making  seals  for  her  children, 
fell  on  her  dress  and  she  was  immediately  envel 
oped  in  flames  and  died  on  the  following  day. 
Her  husband  in  trying  to  smother  the  flames  re 
ceived  serious  injuries  himself.  The  shock  of  her 
death  sadly  affected  the  poet,  who  once  remarked 
to  a  friend  "I  was  too  happy.  I  might  fancy 
the  gods  envied  me,  if  I  could  fancy  heathen 
gods."  Mrs.  Longfellow  left  five  children  : 
Charles  Appleton,  a  lieutenant  in  the  1st  Massa 
chusetts  cavalry  during  the  civil  war  ;  Ernest 
Wadsworth,  the  artist  (q.v.),  and  three  daughters, 
Alice,  Edith  and  Annie,  who  were  the  "  blye-eyed 
banditti  "  of  his  "  Children's  Hour."  The  poet 
had  commenced  a  translation  of  Dante's  "  The 
Divine  Comedy "  during  the  early  years  of  his 
Harvard  professorship,  and  after  his  wife's  deatli 
found  solace  in  the  completion  of  the  work. 
This  was  regarded  by  many  critics  as  the  best 
translation  in  the  English  language.  He  visited 
Europe  for  the  fourth  time  in  1868,  and  while  in 
England  had  an  interview  with  Queen  Victoria 
at  Windsor  Castle  on  July  4,  1868,  and  was  en 
tertained  by  Tennyson  at  the  Isle  of  Wight.  He 
spent  the  winter  and  spring  of  1868-69  in  Italy, 
again  made  a  brief  stay  in  England, and  returned  to 
his  home  in  Cambridge  in  August,  1859.  For  "  The 
Hanging  of  the  Crane",  which  firstappeared  in 
the  New  York  Ledger  in  1874,  Longfellow  received 
$4000.  In  1875,  with  the  assistance  of  John  Owen, 
Mr.  Longfellow  began  to  edit  a  collection  of 
poems,  to  which  was  given  the  title  "  Poems  of 
Places"  (1876-79),  and  after  Senator  Simmer's 
deatli  he  assisted  in  editing  the  remaining  six 
volumes  of  the  fifteen  containing  "  The  Works  of 
Charles  Snmner."  On  Feb.  27,  1879,  the  occasion 
of  the  poet's  seventy-second  birthday,  the  chil 
dren  of  Cambridge  presented  him  with  an  arm 
chair  constructed  from  the  wood  of  the  old 
chestnut  tree,  made  famous  by  his  poem  "The 
Village  Blacksmith."  He  responded  to  this  gift 
in  that  tender  and  touching  poem,  entitled 
"  From  My  Arm-chair."  His  seventy-fifth  birth 
day  was  generally  celebrated  all  over  the  United 


States,  especially  by  the  school  children.  Charles 
Kingsley  said  of  Longfellow  :  "  His  face  was  the 
mirror  of  his  harmonious  and  lovely  mind — I  do 
not  think  I  ever  saw  a  finer  human  face."  He 
has  been  called  the  "  American  poet  laureate." 
He  was  an  honorary  member  of  the  Historical  and 
Geographical  society  of  Brazil,  a  corresponding 
member  of  the  Imperial  Academy  of  Sciences, 
St.  Petersburg,  and  of  the  Royal  Academy  of 
Spain;  a  fellow  of  the  American  Academy  of 
Arts  and  Sciences  and  a  member  of  the  Massa 
chusetts  Historical  society.  A  bust  to  his  mem 
ory  was  placed  in  the  poets'  corner  at  Westminster 
Abbey  in  March,  1884,  he  being  the  first  and  up  to 
1901  the  only  American  author  to  be  so  honored. 
Longfellow  Park  was  given  to  Cambridge  by 
his  children,  and  a  monument  to  his  memory 
was  erected  in  Portland,  Maine.  His  name  was 
one  of  the  twenty-three  in  "  Class  A,  Authors 
and  Editors"  submitted  in  October,  1900,  fora 
place  in  the  Hall  of  Fame  for  Great  Americans, 
New  York  university,  and  received  eighty-five 
out  of  ninety-seven  possible  votes,  Emerson  alone 
in  the  class  exceeding  with  eighty-seven  votes, 
Irving  and  Hawthorne  receiving  eighty-three 
and  seventy-three  votes  respectively,  and  the  four 
names  were  selected.  He  received  the  degree  of 
LL.D.  from  Harvard  in  1859.  from  Cambridge, 
England,  in  1868,  and  from  Bowdoin  in  1874; 
and  that  of  D.C.L.  from  Oxford,  England, 
in  1869.  The  following  is  a  list  of  the  prin 
cipal  works  of  Longfellow  :  Capias  de  Don  Jorge 
Manrique  (1833);  Outre-Mer  (1835);  Hyperion 
(1839);  Voices  of  the  Night  (1839);  Ballads  and 
Other  Poems  (1841);  Poems  on  Slavery  (1842); 
Spanish  Student  (1843);  Poets  and  Poetry  of 
Europe  (1845);  Belfry  of  Bruges  (1846);  Evange- 
line  (1847):  Kavanagh  (1849);  Seaside  and  the 
Fireside  (1850);  Golden  Legend  (1851);  Hiawatha 
(1855) ;  Miles  Standish  (1858) ;  Tales  of  a  Wayside 
/>m(1863);  Floiver-de-Luce  (1867);  Divine  Comedy 
of  Dante  Alighieri  (1867-70);  New  England  Tra 
gedies  (1868);  Divine  Tragedy  (1871);  Three 
Books  of  Song  (1872);  Christus  (1872):  Aftermath 
(1873);  Hanging  of  the  Crane  (1874);  Masque  of 
Pandora  (1875);  Keramos  (1878);  Ultima  Thnle 
(1880);  In  the  Harbor  (part  II.  of  Ultima  Thule 
1883);  Michael  Angela  (1884).  Biographies  of 
Longfellow  have  been  written  by  Thomas  David 
son  (1882);  Francis  H.  Underwood  (1882);  W. 
Sloane  Kennedy  (1882);  George  Lowell  Austin 
(1883);  Samuel  Longfellow  (1885);  Eric  S.  Rob 
ertson  (London,  1887),  and  others.  Longfellow 
died  at  his  Cambridge  home  of  peritonitis,  and 
at  the  funeral  services  were  read  the  verses  from 
"  Hiawatha"  beginning  :  "  He  is  dead,  the  sweet 
musician."  Fields.  Holmes,  Emerson  and  Whit- 
tier  were  among  the  mourners.  The  date  of  his 
death  iy  March  24,  1882. 


U17] 


LONGFELLOW 


LONGSTREET 


LONGFELLOW,  Samuel,  clergyman  and 
poet,  was  born  at  Portland,  Maine.  June  18, 1819  ; 
son  of  the  Hon.  Stephen  and  Zilpah  (Wadsworth) 
Longfellow.  IIt>  was  graduated  from  Harvard, 
A.B.,  1839,  and  from  the  Harvard  Divinity  school 
in  184(5.  He  travel 
ed  two  years,  was 
pastor  of  the  Uni 
tarian  church  in  Fall 
River,  Mass.,  1848- 
53,  and  of  the  Second 
Unitarian  church, 
Brooklyn.  N.Y..  1853- 
GO,  where  he  was  a 
regular  contributor 
to  the  Christian  In 
quirer.  He  traveled 
in  Europe  for  rest 
and  study  :  made  his 
home  in  Cambridge, 
Mass..  1S61-7S.  and 
was  pastor  of  the 

Unitarian  Society  of  Germantown.  Pa..  1S7S-82. 
He  spent  the  rest  of  his  life  at  the  Craigie  house, 
Cambridge.  Mass.  His  rare  gift  of  song  was  de 
voted  almost  exclusively  to  hymn  writing.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  American  Philosophical 
society.  He  is  the  author  of  :  essays  contributed 
to  the  Radical ;  sermons  published  in  pamphlet 
form  :  .4  Bonk  of  Hymns  (with  Samuel  Johnson, 
184(5);  Thalatta,  a  Bonk  for  the  Seaside  (with 
Thomas  W.  Higginson.  1853);  Hi/mutt  and  Times 
for  Congregational  Use  (1859);  a  small  volume 
for  the  vesper  service  which  lie  introduced  into 
the  Unitarian  denomination  ;  Hi/mns  of  the 
Spirit  (with  Samuel  Johnson,  18(54);  Lectures, 
Esxai/s  and  Sermons  of  SamneJ  Johnson,  with 
a  Memoir  (edited,  188:5);  Life  of  Henri/  Wads- 
irortli  Loitf/fclloir  ('2  vols..  1SS6):  ^4  Few  Verses 
of  Many  Years  (1887);  Final  Memorials  of  Henri/ 
W.  Long/felloir  (1887).  A  complete  collection  of 
his  hymns  and  other  poems  was  published  in 
1894.  He  died  in  Portland,  Maine,  Oct.  3,  1892. 

LONGFELLOW,  Stephen,  lawyer,  was  born 
in  Gorharn,  Maine,  March  2-3,  177G ;  son  of 
Stephen  and  Patience  (Young)  Longfellow ; 
grandson  of  Stephen  and  Tabitha  (Brougham) 
Longfellow,  and  a  descendant  of  William  Long 
fellow,  of  Hosforth,  England,  who  settled  in 
Newbury,  Mass.,  about  1G75,  where  he  was  mar 
ried,  Nov.  10,  1678,  to  Annie,  daughter  of  Henry 
and  Jane  (Dummer)  Sewall.  Stephen  Longfellow 
spent  his  early  youth  on  his  father's  farm,  and 
was  graduated  from  Harvard  in  1798.  He  stud 
ied  law  with  Salmon  Chase  of  Portland,  Maine  ; 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1801,  and  settled  in 
Portland,  Maine,  where  he  soon  gained  a  good 
practice.  He  was  married,  Jan.  1,  1804,  to  Zil 
pah,  daughter  of  General  Peleg  and  Elizabeth 


(Bartlett)  Wadswortli  of  Portland.  He  was  a 
representative  to  the  general  court  of  Massachu 
setts,  1814-15,  and  a  delegate  to  the  Hartford 
convention,  Dec.  15,  1814 — Jan.  5,  1815.  He  was 
a  presidential  elector  in  is  115,  and  cast  his  vote 
for  Rufus  King.  He  was  a  member  of  the  state 
constitutional  convention  in  1819;  a  Federalist 
representative  in  the  18th  congress,  1823-25,  and 
represented  his  district  in  the  Maine  legislature 
in  182G.  He  was  an  overseer  of  Bowdoin  college, 
1811-17.  was  a  trustee.  181 7-3(5.  and  received  the 
degree  of  LL.D.  fro -;i  that  college  in  1828.  He 
was  recording  secretary  of  the  Maine  Historical 
society,  1825-30.  and  its  president  in  1834.  He 
compiled  sixteen  volumes  of  Massachusetts  and 
twelve  of  Maine  Reports.  He  died  in  Portland, 
Maine.  Aug.  3,  1849. 

LONGNECKER,  Henry  Clay,  representative, 
was  born  near  Mechanicsburg,  Cumberland 
county,  Pa.,  April  17.  1820;  son  of  Henry  and 
Elizabeth  (Kendig)  Longnecker.  He  was  a  stu 
dent  at  Wilbraham  academy,  Mass.,  183(5-39,  and 
at  the  Norwich  Military  institute,  1839-41.  and 
in  1841  matriculated  at  Lafayette  college,  Easton, 
Pa.,  but  was  not  graduated.  He  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  1843,  and  in  1S44  settled  in  practice 
in  Lehigh  county.  He  served  in  the  Mexican 
war  as  a  1st  lieutenant,  captain  and  adjutant, 
participating  in  all  the  principal  engagements 
under  General  Scott,  and  was  wounded  at  the 
battle  of  Chapultepec,  Sept.  13,  1847.  He  was 
district  attorney  of  Lehigh  county.  1849-50,  and 
a  delegate  to  the  Democratic  state  conventions 
of  1851  and  1854.  In  I  Soli  he  left  the  Democratic 
party  on  account  of  his  opposition  to  slavery  ex 
tension.  He  was  a  Republican  representative  in 
the  36th  congress,  1859-(51.  and  while  in  congress 
served  on  the  committee  <^n  military  affairs,  lie 
took  an  active  part  in  organizing  the  Pennsylva 
nia  troops,  and  was  made  colonel  of  the  9th 
Pennsylvania  volunteers  :  commanded  a  brigade 
in  western  Virginia,  and  in  1SG5  he  resumed  his 
practice  at  A  Hen  town,  Pa.  He  was  married,  June 
27,  18(56.  to  Mary  J.  Lewis.  He  was  elected  asso 
ciate  judge  of  Lehigh  county  in  18(57.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  Union  League  club  of  Philadel 
phia  and  of  the  Loyal  Legion.  He  received  the 
honorary  degree  of  A.M.  from  Lafayette  in  1S51. 
He  died  at  Allentown.  Pa..  Sept.  16.  1871. 

LONGSTREET,  Augustus  Baldwin,  educator, 
was  born  in  Augusta.  Ga. .  Sept.  22,  1790  ;  son  of 
William  Longstreet  the  inventor.  He  was  grad 
uated  from  Yale  in  the  class  of  1813,  studied 
law  in  Litchfield,  Conn.,  and  was  admitted  to 
the  Georgia  bar  in  1H15.  He  practised  in  Greens 
boro,  Ga.,  1815-22  ;  was  a  representative  in  the 
Georgia  legislature  from  Greene  county  in  1821, 
and  circuit  judge  of  the  Ocmulgee  judicial  district 
for  several  years.  lie  removed  to  Augusta,  Ga., 


[118] 


LONGSTREET 


LONGSTREET 


where  he  resumed  his  law  practice  and  established 
a  weekly  newspaper,  the  Sentinel,  which  was 
united  with  the  Chronicle  as  the  Chronicle  and 
Sentinel  in  1838.  He  became  a  minister  of  the 
Methodist  Episcopal  church  in  1838,  and  preached 
in  Augusta  and  ministered  to  the  sufferers  from 
the  epidemic  of  yellow  fever  that  visited  the  city 
that  year.  He  was  president  of  Emory  college, 
Oxford,  Ga.,  1839-48:  of  Centenary  college, 
Jackson.  La.,  1848-49,  and  of  the  University  of 
Mississippi.  Oxford,  Miss.,  1849-50.  He  engaged  in 
agricultural  pursuits,  1850-57,  and  was  president 
of  South  Carolina  college,  1857-01,  and  again  pres 
ident  of  the  University  of  Mississippi  as  successor 
to  Frederick  A.  P.  Barnard  for  a  short  time  in 
1801.  His  library  with  valuable  unpublished  MS. 
was  destroyed  by  fire  during  the  civil  war.  He 
took  part  in  the  debate  in  the  general  conference 
of  1844  in  New  York  city  which  resulted  in 
the  separation  of  the  Methodist  church  north  and 
south.  He  received  the  honorary  degrees  :  A.M. 
from  the  University  of  Georgia  in  1823,  LL.D. 
from  Yale  in  1841  and  D.D.  from  the  University 
of  Mississippi  in  1850.  The  Methodist  Quarterly, 
The  Southern  Literary  Messenger,  The  Southern 
Field  and  Fireside,  The  Magnolia  and  J7ie  Orion 
published  his  Letters  to  Clergymen  of  the  North 
ern  Methodist  Church,  Letters  from  Georgia  to 
Massachusetts,  and  A  Revieir  in  the  Decision  of 
the  United  States  Supreme  Court  in  the  Case  of 
McCulloch  vs.  the  State  of  Maryland:  and  he  is 
also  the  author  of  :  Georgia  Scenes  (1840).  and 
Master  William  Mitten  (1804).  humorous  pro 
ductions.  He  died  in  Oxford.  Miss.,  Sept.  9, 1870. 
LONQSTREET,  James,  soldier,  was  born  in 
EdgehYld  District,  S.C..  Jan.  8.  1821  :  son  of 
James  and  Mary  Ann  (Dent)  Longstreet ;  grand 
son  of  William  and  Hannah  (Randolph)  Long- 
street,  and  a  descend 
ant  of  the  Long- 
streets  and  Randolphs 
of  New  Jersey  and 
of  the  Dents  and 
Marshalls  of  Mary 
land  and  Virginia. 
Richard  Longstreet, 
the  progenitor  of  the 
name  in  America, 
settled  in  Monmouth 
county,  New  Jersey. 
James  Longstreet  re 
moved  with  his  par 
ents  to  Alabama  in 
1831  and  was  gradu 
ated  from  the  U.S. 

Military  academy  in  1842.  He  was  promoted 
in  the  army  as  brevet  2d  lieutenant  of  the  4th 
infantry.  July  1.  1X42,  ami  served  in  garrison  at 
Jefferson  Barracks,  Mo.,  1842-44  ;  on  frontier  duty 


at  Natchitoches,  La.,  1844-45  ;  was  promoted  2d 
lieutenant  of  the  8th  infantry,  March  4,  1845  ; 
was  in  military  occupation  of  Texas,  1845-46,  and 
served  in  the  war  with  Mexico.  1840-47.  He 
participated  in  the  battle  of  Palo  Alto,  May  8, 
1840  ;  the  battle  of  Resaca  de  la  Pal  ma,  May  9, 
1846;  and  the  battle  of  Monterey,  Sept.  21-23, 
1840  ;  was  promoted  first  lieutenant,  8th  infan 
try,  Feb.  23,  1847,  and  participated  in  the  siege  of 
Vera  Cruz,  March  9-29,  1847  ;  the  battle  of  Cerro 
Gordo,  April  17-18,  1847  ;  the  capture  of  San  An 
tonio,  and  the  battle  of  Churubusco,  Aug.  20, 1847  ; 
the  battle  of  Molino  del  Rey,  Sept.  8,  1847  ;  and 
the  storming  of  Chapultepec,  Sept.  13,  1847,  where 
he  was  severely  wounded  in  the  assault  on  the 
fortified  convent.  He  was  brevetted  captain, 
Aug.  20.  1847,  ''  for  gallant  and  meritorious  con 
duct  in  the  battles  of  Churubusco  and  Contreras  " 
and  major,  Sept.  8,  1847,  "  for  gallant  and  meri 
torious  conduct  at  the  battle  of  Molino  del  Rey." 
He  served  as  adjutant  of  the  8th  infantry,  1847- 
49  ;  was  in  garrison  at  Jefferson  Barracks,  1848- 
49,  and  served  on  frontier  duty  in  Texas  in  1849. 
He  was  chief  of  commissariat  of  the  Department 
of  Texas,  1849-51,  and  served  on  scouting  duty  in 
Texas,  Kansas  and  New  Mexico,  1851-61.  He  was 
promoted  captain  Dec.  7,  1852,  and  major  of  staff 
and  paymaster  July  19,  1858.  He  resigned  his 
commission  in  1861  and  was  appointed  briga 
dier-general  in  the  Confederate  army,  and  com 
manded  a  brigade  at  Blackburn's  Ford,  Va.,  from 
July  18  to  and  including  July  21,  1861.  He  was 
promoted  major-general  and  commanded  the 
rear  guard  of  Joseph  E.  Johnston's  army  during 
the  retreat  from  Yorktown,  Va.  He  commanded 
the  Confederate  forces  in  the  field  composed  of 
his  own  and  part  of  D.  H.  Hill's  divisions  and 
Stuart's  cavalry  brigade  at  the  battle  of  Williams- 
burg,  May  5,  1802,  commanded  the  right  wing  of 
Johnston's  army  at  Seven  Pines,  May  81 -June  1, 
1802  ;  his  own  and  A.  P.  Hill's  divisions  in  the 
seven  days'  battles  before  Richmond,  and  com 
manded  the  right  wing  of  Lee's  Army  of  Northern 
Virginia  in  the  second  battle  of  Bull  Run,  Aug. 
29-30,  1802;  and  in  the  Maryland  campaign,  Sep 
tember,  1862,  the  first  corps  (Confederate  left)  at 
the  battle  of  Fredericksburg,  Dec.  13,  1862.  He 
was  on  duty  south  of  the  James  river  in  April, 
1X03,  and  was  ordered  to  rejoin  General  Lee  at 
Chancellorsville,  Va.,  but  Lee,  without  awaiting 
his  return,  made  precipitate  battle  May  2-4, 1863. 
He  commanded  the  right  wing  of  the  Army  of 
Northern  Virginia  at  the  battle  of  Gettysburg 
July  1-3.  1803.  He  served  under  General  Bragg 
in  the  Army  of  the  Tennessee  and  commanded  the 
left  wing  of  that  army  composed  of  Hindman's 
division,  Polk's  corps,  Buckner's  corps,  and  two 
divisions  and  artillery  of  Longstreet's  corps,  at  the 
battle  of  Chickamauga,  Sept.  19-20,  1803.  He 


LONGSTREET 


LOOMIS 


was  sent  with  part  of  bis  corps  and  Wheeler's 
cavalry  against  Burnside's  army  in  East  Tennes 
see,  in  November,  with  orders  to  recover  posses 
sion  of  that  part  of  the  state.  He  drove  Burnside 
back  into  his  works  around  Knoxville  and  held 
him  there  under  siege  from  Nov.  IT  to  Dec.  4, 
1863,  when  Sherman  approached  with  twenty 
thousand  of  Grant's  army,  near  Chattanooga,  for 
relief  of  the  besieged  army.  Bragg  ordered  pre 
cipitate  attack  of  the  fortifications  but  they 
proved  too  strong  to  be  carried  by  assault.  Just 
then  orders  came  from  President  Davis  for  Long- 
street  to  return  to  Bragg's  army  in  distress  at 
Chattanooga.  Longstreet  held  his  army  in  pos 
session  of  East  Tennessee,  keeping  the  Federal 
forces  close  about  their  works,  until  January,  1864, 
when  he  was  ordered  to  withdraw  toward  General 
Lee's  army  in  Virginia,  and  he  participated  in  the 
battle  of  the  Wilderness,  May  5-6,  1864,  where  he 
commanded  the  two  divisions  of  the  first  corps 
forming  the  right  of  Lee's  army  and  was  severely 
wounded.  After  convalescing  he  participated  in 
all  the  engagements  of  the  Army  of  Northern 
Virginia  in  1864,  and  surrendered  at  Appomattox 
Court  House,  Va.,  April  9,  1865.  He  removed  to 
New  Orleans  and  engaged  in  commerce.  He  was 
surveyor  of  customs  of  the  port  of  New  Orleans, 
1869  ;  supervisor  of  internal  revenue,  1878  ;  post 
master  of  Gainesville,  Ga.,  1879,  and  was  ap 
pointed  by  President  Hayes  U.S.  minister  to  Tur 
key,  serving  1880.  He  was  U.S.  marshal  for  the 
district  of  Georgia,  1881,  and  was  appointed  U.S. 
commissioner  of  railroads  in  October,  1897,  by 
President  McKinley.  He  was  married  March  8, 
1848,  to  Maria  Louise  Garland  of  Lynchburg,  Va. 
She  died  Dec.  29,  1889  and  he  was  married 
secondly  Sept.  8, 1897,  to  Helen  Dortch  of  Atlanta, 
Ga.  He  is  the  author  of  :  The  Seven  Days,  In 
cluding  Frayser's  Farm ;  Our  March  Against  Pope  ; 
The  Invasion  of  Maryland;  The  Battle  of  Fred- 
ricksburg  ;  Lee's  Invasion  of  Pennsylvania  ;  Lee's 
Right  Wing  at  Gettysburg  in  ' '  Battles  and  Lead 
ers  of  the  Civil  War  "  (1887-88). 

LONGSTREET,  William,  inventor,  was  born 
in  New  Jersey,  Oct.  6,  1759.  He  removed  to 
Augusta,  Ga.,  in  early  life,  devoted  himself  to 
invention,  and  about  1788  had  planned  the  ma 
chinery  for  moving  paddle-wheels  to  propel  boats 
by  steam  power.  On  Sept.  26,1790,  being  con 
vinced  of  the  practicability  of  his  invention  he 
sent  to  Governor  Edward  Telfair  an  appeal  for 
assistance  and  patronage.  The  government  of 
Georgia  took  no  action  in  the  matter,  and  he  was 
compelled  to  work  without  money  among  people 
who  ridiculed  his  plans.  It  was  not  until  1807 
that  he  succeeded  in  perfecting  a  steamboat,  and 
putting  it  in  practical  operation.  It  was  launched 
a  few  days  after  Fulton  had  shown  the  Clermont 
on  the  Hudson  river,  and  Longstreet's  boat  moved 


against  the  swift  current  of  the  Savannah  river 
at  the  rate  of  five  miles  an  hour,  and  carried 
about  twenty-five  persons.  He  also  invented  and 
patented  the  horse  power  breast-roller  cotton 
gin,  and  subsequently  built  two  steams  gins  in 
Augusta,  Ga.,  which  about  1801  were  destroyed 
by  fire.  He  then  erected  steam  gins  at  St.  Mary's, 
Ga.,  which  were  destroyed  by  the  British  in  1812. 
He  died  in  Augusta,  Ga.,  Sept.  1,  1814. 

LONQYEAR,  John  Wesley,  representative, 
was  born  in  Shandaken,  N.Y.,  Oct.  22,  1820  ;  son 
of  Peter  and  Jerusha  (Stevens)  Longyear  ;  grand 
son  of  John  and  Annatje  (Winne)  Longyear,  and 
a  descendant  of  Jacob  and  Maria  (Cox)  Langjahr. 
He  attended  the  academy  in  Lima.  N.Y.,  taught 
school  for  several  years,  and  settled  in  Mason, 
Ingham  county,  Mich.,  in  1844,  where  he  taught 
school.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1846  ;  re 
moved  to- Lansing  in  1847  and  engaged  in  the 
practice  of  law.  In  1852  he  formed  a  partnership 
with  his  brother,  Ephraim  Longyear.  He  was 
married  in  1849  to  Harriet  Monroe  of  Eagle, 
Mich.  He  was  a  Republican  representative  in 
the  38th  and  39th  congresses,  1863-67.  He  was 
chairman  of  the  committee  on  expenditures  on 
the  public  buildings,  and  a  member  of  the  com 
mittee  on  commerce.  lie  was  a  delegate  to  the 
Loyalist  convention  in  Philadelphia  in  18G6,  to- 
the  Michigan  constitutional  convention  of  1867 
and  judge  of  the  U.S.  district  court  for  the  east 
ern  district  of  Michigan,  1870-75.  He  died  in 
Detroit,  Mich.,  March  11,  1875. 

LOOMIS,  Alfred  Lebbeus,  physician,  was  born 
in  Bennington,  Vt. ,  Oct.  16,  1831  ;  son  of  Daniel 
and  Eliza  (Beach)  Loomis  ;  grandson  of  Russell 
and  Lydia  (Huntington)  Loomis  ;  great  grand 
son  of  Daniel  and  Alice  (Chamberlain)  Loomis. 
and  a  descendant  of  Joseph  Loomis  of  Bristol, 
England,  who  sailed  for  America  on  the  ship- 
Susan  and  Ellen,  in  July,  1638,  landed  at  Nantas- 
ket,  Mass.,  the  same  year,  and  in  1839  settled  in 
Windsor,  Conn.  His  father  was  an  extensive 
cotton  manufacturer  and  merchant  of  Benning 
ton,  Vt.  Alfred  was  graduated  from  Union  col 
lege,  A.B.,  1850,  A.M.,  1856.  He  studied  medi 
cine  with  Dr.  Willard  Parker  of  New  York  and 
was  graduated  from  the  College  of  Physicians- 
and  Surgeons,  M.D.,  in  1852.  After  giving  two 
years  to  hospital  work,  he  engaged  as  a  practis 
ing  physician  in  New  York  city  and  made  a 
specialty  of  the  diseases  of  the  heart,  lungs  and 
kidneys.  He  was  appointed  visiting  physician, 
to  Bellevue  hospital  in  1859  ;  was  consulting 
physician  to  the  Charity  hospital  on  Blackwell's- 
Island,  1860-75,  and  visiting  physician  to  the 
Mount  Sinai  hospital,  1874-80.  He  was  a  lecturer 
on  physical  diagnosis  in  the  College  of  Physicians 
and  Surgeons,  1862-65;  an  adjutant  professor  of 
the  theory  and  practice  of  medicine  in  the  Uni- 


[120] 


LOOM1S 


LOOMIS 


versity  of  the  City  of  New  York,  1866-68,  and 
professor  of  pathology  and  the  practice  of  med 
icine  there,  1868-'.).').  He  was  among  those  of  the 
medical  faculty  to  re-organize  the  course  of  study 
in  1893.  In  1866  the  sum  of  $100.000  was  given  by 
some  unknown  person  to  the  university  through 
Dr.  Loomis  to  build  and  equip  the  Loomis  labora 
tory.  Dr.  Loomis  was  married  in  1858  to  Sarah 
J.,  daughter  of  Henry  Patterson  of  Hoosick  Falls, 
and  secondly  in  1887  to  Anne  M.,  daughter  of 
Thomas  II.  Morris  of  Baltimore.  Md..  and  widow 
of  John  D.  Prince.  He  was  a  member  and  presi 
dent  of  various  medical  societies  in  America  and 
Europe.  He  received  the  degree  of  LL.D.  from 
the  University  of  the  City  of  New  York  in  1883. 
Dr.  Loomis  bequeathed  $'25,000  to  the  Loomis 
laboratory  and  $10.000  to  the  New  York  Academy 
of  Medicine.  His  "  Lectures  on  Fever  "appeared 
in  the  New  York  Mediad  Record,  and  his  lecture 
on  "Peritonitis"  in  American  Clinical  Lectures 
in  1876.  He  is  the  author  of  :  Physical  Diagnosis 
(1868) ;  Diseases  of  tlte  Respiratory  Organs.  Heart 
and  Kidneys  (1876);  Lectures  on  Fever  (1882); 
Diseases  of  Old  Age  (18*2):  A  Te.rt-Book  of 
Practical  Medicine  (1884).  lie  died  in  New  York 
city,  Jan.  23.  1895. 

LOOniS,  Arphaxad,  representative,  was  born 
in  Winchester,  Conn.,  April  9,  1798  :  son  of  Thad- 
deus  and  Lois  (Griswold)  Loomis  ;  grandson  of 
Ichabod  and  Mindwell  (Lewis)  Loomis,  and  of 
Phineas  and  Lois  (Hurlburt)  Griswold,  and  a  de 
scendant  of  Joseph  Loomis  the  immigrant.  His 
parents  removed  to  Salisbury,  N.Y..  in  1802,  where 
his  father  was  for  many  years  a  justice  of  the 
peace,  and  assistant  justice  of  the  Herkimer 
county  court.  Arphaxad  was  employed  on  his 
fathers  farm,  attended  the  district  school  and 
taught  shool  in  the  winters  of  1812-25,  attending 
Fairfield  Academy  during  the  summers  of  1812-18. 
He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1825,  practising  at 
Sacket  Harbor,  1825-27  and  at  Little  Falls,  1827- 
85.  He  was  married  in  1832  to  Ann,  daughter  of 
Dr.  Stephen  Todd  of  Salisbury,  N.Y.  He  was 
surrogate  of  Herkimer  county,  1828-37  ;  a  mem 
ber  of  a  commission  to  investigate  the  policy, labor 
and  discipline  in  state  prisons,  in  1834  ;  a  Demo 
cratic  representative  in  the  25th  congress,  1837- 
39.  A  member  of  the  assembly  from  Herkimer 
county,  1841-43.  a  member  of  the  state  constitu 
tional  convention  of  184*5,  and  a  commissioner  to 
revise  the  code  of  practice  in  1847.  His  defective 
hearing  alone  prevented  his  appointment  to  high 
judicial  stations.  He  is  the  author  of  :  Historical 
Sketch  of  the  New  York  System  of  Laid  Reform 
(1879).  He  died  in  Little  Falls,  N.  Y.,  Sept,  15,  1885. 

LOOfllS,  Dwight,  representative,  was  born  in 
Columbia,  Conn.,  July  27,  1821;  son  of  Elam 
and  Mary  (Pinneo)  Loomis  ;  grandson  of  Benoni 
and  Grace  (Parsons)  Loomis  ;  great  grandson  of 


[121] 


Benoni  and  Hannah  (Woodward)  Loomis  and  a 
descendant  of  Joseph  Loomis  the  immigrant. 
He  was  a  student  at  Amherst  college  and  at  Yale 
Law  school,  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1847,  and 
practised  at  Rockville,  Conn.,  1847-51.  He  was 
married  Nov.  26,  1848,  to  Mary  E.  Bill  of  Leba 
non.  Conn.  She  died  June  1,  1864,  and  he  was 
married  secondly,  May  28,  1866,  to  Jennie  E. 
Kendell  of  Beloit,  Wis.,  who  died  March  6,  1876. 
He  was  a  representative  in  the  Connecticut  leg 
islature,  1852  :  a  delegate  to  the  People's  national 
convention,  Philadelphia,  June  17,  1856,  and  a 
state  senator  in  1858.  He  was  a  Republican  re 
presentative  from  the  first  Connecticut  district 
in  the  36th  and  37th  congresses,  1859-63  ;  judge 
of  the  superior  court  of  Connecticut,  1864-75,  and 
of  the  supreme  court,  1875-91.  He  was  appointed 
in  1891,  by  the  state  legislature,  a  state  referee 
for  the  trial  of  causes  referred  to  him  ;  was  an 
instructor  in  law  at  the  Yale  Law  school,  1891-93, 
and  was  appointed  presiding  judge  of  the  state 
board  of  arbitration  in  1895,  which  office  he  re 
signed  in  1896.  Yale  conferred  upon  him  the 
honorary  degree  of  LL.D.  in  1897. 

LOOniS,  EHas,  physicist,  was  born  in  Wil- 
lington,  Conn.,  Aug.  7,  1811  ;  son  of  the  Rev. 
Hubbel  and  Jerusha  (Burt)  Loomis  ;  grandson  of 
John  and  Rachel  (Harris)  Loomis,  and  of  David 
Burt  of  Longmeadow,  Mass.,  and  a  descendant  of 
Joseph  Loomis,  the 
immigrant.  He  was 
graduated  from  Yale, 
A.B.,  1830,  A.M.,  18- 
33,  and  wos  a  tutor 
at  Yale,  1833-36.  In 
1834  he  began  mak 
ing  observations  with 
Albert  C.  Twining  of 
West  Point,  N.Y., 
for  determining  the 
altitude  of  shooting 
stars,  and  in  the  same 
year  made  hourly  ob 
servations  of  the  de 
clination  of  the  mag 
netic  needle.  He  dis 
covered  Haley's  comet  in  1835,  and  computed 
the  elements  of  its  orbit.  He  attended  t he- 
lectures  of  Arago,  Biot.  and  others  in  Paris, 
in  1836.  He  was  married  in  Tallmadge,  Ohio, 
May  14,  1840,  to  Julia  E.  Upson.  He  was  pro 
fessor  of  mathematics,  natural  philosophy  and 
astronomy  in  Western  Reserve  college,  Ohio, 
1837-44  ;  professor  of  natural  philosophy  in  t  he- 
University  of  the  City  of  New  York,  1844-48,  and 
1849-60  ;  at  the  College  of  New  Jersey,  1848-49  ; 
and  Munson  professor  of  natural  philosophy  and 
astronomy  at  Yale.  1860-89.  He  purchased  the 
philosophical  and  meteorological  instruments  for 


LOOMIS 


LOOMIS 


Western  Reserve  college  in  Europe  and  with 
them  observed  260  moon  culminations  for  lon 
gitude  :  .sixty-nine  culminations  of  polaris  for 
latitude  :  sixteen  occultations  of  stars,  and  de 
termined  the  orbits  of  five  comets.  He  also  ob 
served  the  dip  of  the  magnetic  needle  at  over 
seventy  stations  located  in  thirteen  states.  He 
was  employed  in  telegraphic  comparisons  with 
Sears  < '.  Walker  in  determining  the  difference  in 
longitude,  1846-49,  determining  that  between 
New  York  and  Washington  in  1847  ;  between 
New  York  and  Cambridge,  Mass..  in  1848,  and 
between  Philadelphia  and  the  observatory  in 
Hudson,  Ohio.  While  professor  in  the  University 
of  the  City  of  New  York,  he  prepared  a  series  of 
mathematical  text  books.  The  first  observations 
by  which  the  velocity  of  the  electric  fluid  on 
telegraphic  wires  was  determined,  were  made  by 
him  between  Washington,  Philadelphia,  New 
York  and  Cambridge  under  the  direction  of  Sears 
C.  Walker,  he  having  charge  of  the  observations 
in  New  York  Jan.  25),  18-19.  He  devoted  a  large 
part  of  his  time  after  1860  to  original  research 
and  published  "  Contributions  to  Meteorology  "  in 
the  American  Journal  of  Science.  He  was  elected 
a  member  of  the  National  Academy  of  Sciences, 
the  Royal  Irish  academy,  the  Royal  Meteorolog 
ical  society,  London,  the  Royal  Meteorological 
society  of  Italy,  and  the  leading  scientific  socie 
ties  in  the  United  States.  He  bequeathed  the 
income  of  §300,000  to  the  astronomical  observa 
tory  connected  with  Yale  university.  In  the 
selection  of  names  for  a  place  in  the  Hall  of  Fame 
for  Great  Americans,  New  York  university, 
made  in  October,  1900.  his  was  one  of  the  fifteen 
names  in  "  Class  C,  Educators  "and  received  two 
votes.  He  received  the  degree  of  LL.D.  from 
the  University  of  the  City  of  New  York  in  1854. 
He  is  the  author  of  :  Elements  of  Geometry  and 
Conic  Sections  (1847);  of  Plain  and  Spherical 
Trigonometry  (1848):  Progress  of  Astronomy 
(1830  and  1856);  Elements  of  Analytical  Geome 
try  (  1851);  Elements  of  Calculus  (1851);  An  In 
troduction  to  Practical  Astronomy  (1855):  Ele 
ments  of  Xatnral  PliilosopJty  (1858);  Elements  of 
Algebra  (1858);  Elements  of  Plain  and  Spherical 
Trigonometry  (1858);  Elements  of  Arithmetic 
(1868);  Treatise  on  Astronomy  (1865);  Treatise 
on  Algebra  (1868) ;  Treatise  on  Meteorology  (1868) ; 
Elements  of  Astronomy  (1869);  The  Descendants 
of  Joseph  Loom  is  (1870):  Elements  of  Differential 
and  Integral  Calculus  (1874).  He  died  in  New 
Haven.  Conn.,  Aug.  15.  1889. 

OOniS,  Francis  Butler,  diplomatist,  was 
born  in  Marietta,  Ohio.  July  27.  1861  :  son  of  Judge 
William  Butler  and  Frances  (Wheeler)  Loomis  ; 
grandson  of  Christopher  C.  Loomis,  of  New  Lon 
don,  Ct..  and  a  descendant  from  Joseph  Loomis, 
1638.  He  was  graduated  at  Marietta  college, 


Ph.D.,  1883,  and  engaged  in  journalism  in  Ma 
rietta,  1883-84,  and  in  New  York  city  and  Phila 
delphia,  1884-85.  He  was  state  librarian,  Colum 
bus,  Ohio,  1886-87  ;  a  journalist  in  Washington, 
D.C.,  1887-90  ;  U.S.  consul  at  St.  Etienne,  France. 
185)0-93 ;  and  editor-in-chief  of  the  Cincinnati 
Daily  Tribune,  1893-97.  He  was  married  April  29, 
1897,  to  Elizabeth  M.  Mast  of  Springfield,  Ohio.  He 
was  appointed  by  President  McKinley,  U.S.  minis 
ter  to  Venezuela,  S.A.,  June  30.  1897,  where  In- 
protected  American  interests  through  several  re 
volutions,  commenced  negotiations  for  an  ex 
tradition  treaty,  urged  a  reciprocity  convention, 
and  arranged  for  parcel-post  communication.  He 
was  promoted  to  Lisbon,  Portugal,  June  17,  1901, 
in  recognition  of  his  work. 

LOOMIS,  George,  educator,  was  born  in  At 
tica,  N.Y.,  June  30,  1817;  son  of  Timothy  and 
Sophronia  (Collier)  Loomis  and  a  descendant 
of  Joseph  Loomis,  the  immigrant.  He  was 
graduated  at  Wesleyan  university,  A.B.,  1842, 
A.M.,  1845;  was  teacher  of  natural  sciences  and 
principal  of  Genesee  Wesleyan  seminary,  Lima, 
N.Y.,  1842-48,  and  missionary  at  Seaman's 
chapel,  Canton,  China,  1845-52.  He  was  married 
Oct.  29.  1851,  to  Eveline  P.  Smith.  He  was 
president  of  the  Wesleyan  Female  college,  Wil 
mington,  Del.  ,1852-60,  and  president  of  Allegheny 
college,  Meadville,  Pa. ,1860-74,  during  which  time 
he  built  in  1864  Culver  Hall  furnishing  dormi 
tories  to  one  hundred  students,  and  admitted  girls 
as  students  in  1870.  He  joined  the  Pittsburgh 
conference  of  the  M.E.  church,  1861  :  was  trans 
ferred  to  the  Central  New  York  conference,  1875, 
and  was  stationed  at  Clifton  Springs,  N.Y., 
1875-81.  He  founded  and  became  principal  of 
Foster  school,  Clifton  Springs,  in  1881.  He  re 
ceived  the  degree  of  U.I),  from  Genessee  college 
in  1860  and  was  a  trustee  of  Wesleyan  universitv, 
1881-86.  He  died  at  Clifton  Springs,  Feb.  26,  1886. 

LOOniS,  Justin  Rolph,  educator,  was  born  in 
Bennington,  N.Y.,  Aug.  21,  1810;  son  of  Justin 
and  Mary  (Rolph)  Loomis  and  a  descendant  of 
Joseph  Loomis,  the  immigrant.  He  was  prepared 
for  college  at  the  Hamilton  Literary  and  Theo 
logical  institution  (Colgate  nniversit}');  com 
pleted  his  course  at  Brown  university  with  the 
class  of  1835,  and  received  his  A.B.  degree  there* 
in  1836.  He  taught  school  at  Pawtuxet,  R.I., 
1835-36  ;  was  tutor  in  chemistry  and  natural 
history  at  Waterville  (Colby)  college,  Maine, 
1886-38,  and  professor  of  the  same  subjects  there, 
1888-52.  He  was  ordained  to  the  Baptist  ministry 
Jan.  8,  1S45.  While  at  \Yattrvil1e  college  he  at 
tended  medical  lectures  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  and 
in  the  trial  of  Dr.  Coolidge  charged  with  causing 
the  death  of  Mr.Mathews  by  administering  prussic 
acid,  his  expert  evidence  as  a  chemist  convicted 
Dr.  Coolidge.  lie  spent  nearly  a  year  in  scientitic 


LOOMIS 


LOOMLS 


explorations  through  Bolivia,  Peru,  and  Chile  in 
1853 ;  was  professor  of  natural  science  in  the 
University  at  Lewisburg  (Bucknell  university), 
1854-58,  and  president  of  the  university,  with  the 
professorship  of  philosophy  and  ethics,  1858-79. 

In  1864-65  he  raised 
$100,000  for  addition 
al  endowment  of  that 
university,  and  in 
1878  accomplished  at 
his  own  expense  the 
grading  of  the  col 
lege  campus.  He 
joined  the  28th  Penn 
sylvania  volunteer 
militia  as  a  private 
and  served  as  chap 
lain  of  the  regiment 
during  the  emergency 
of  Lee's  invasion  of 
1862.  The  next  year 
he  served  as  nurse 
and  surgeon  on  the  Gettysburg  battlefield.  In 
April,  1870,  he  was  a  delegate  to  the  National 
Baptist  Educational  convention  in  Brooklyn, 
N.Y.  Before  this  body  he  read  a  paper  on  an 
assigned  topic,  which  paper  was  published  in 
full  in  the  Pi-oceediiigs  of  that  year.  Besides 
drawing  the  working  plans  of  the  Baptist  church 
edifice  at  Lewisburg,  Pa.  (dedicated  in  June, 
1870),  and  superintending,  free  of  all  charge,  the 
erection  of  the  same,  he  was  the  largest  single 
contributor  to  its  building  fund.  He  was  ap 
pointed  by  President  Grant  in  1870  a  member  of 
the  board  of  examiners  to  the  U.S.  Military  aca 
demy  for  1871,  but  absence  in  Europe  and  Asia, 
1871-72,  prevented  him  from  serving.  In  1879  he 
made  an  extended  stay  in  Paris,  and  in  1889 
again  traveled  in  England  and  on  the  continent. 
He  received  the  honorary  degree  of  A.M.  from 
Waterville  college  in  1838  :  that  of  Ph.D.  from 
Lewisburg  university  in  1854,  and  that  of  LL.D. 
from  Rochester  university  in  1858.  He  was  mar 
ried  Jan.  16,  1838,  to  Sarah  Anne,  daughter  of 
Moses  Freeman.  She  died  March  3,  1852.  He  was 
married  secondty,  Jan.  17,  1854,  to  Mary,  daughter 
of  Deacon  Edward  Gilbert.  She  died  July  16, 
1872.  He  was  married  thirdly,  Aug.  20,  1873,  to 
Augusta,  daughter  of  the  Rev.  Charles  Tucker. 
His  eldest  son,  Freeman,  A.B.,  1866,  A.M.,  1868, 
D.B.,  1868,  Ph.D.,  1889,  became  a  professor  of 
modern  languages  and  literature  in  Lewisburg 
university  in  1871.  President  Loomis  was  the 
author  of  various  essays,  lectures,  pamphlets,  ser 
mons  and  scientific  articles  on  current  political, 
literary,  and  educational  topics  published  in 
newspapers  ;  and  of  Elements  of  Geology  (1852) 
and  Elements  of  Anatomy  and  Physiology  (1853). 
He  died  at  Lesvisburg,  Pa.,  June  22,  1898. 


LOOMIS,  Lafayette  Charles,  educator,  was 
born  in  Coventry,  Conn.,  July  7,  1824  ;  son  of 
Silas  and  Esther  (Case)  Loomis,  and  a  descendant 
of  Israel  Loomis,  three  of  whose  sons  served  in 
the  Continental  army,  1776-84  ;  of  Sergeant  Ben 
jamin  Case,  minute-man  and  neighbor  of  Capt. 
Nathan  Hale,  and  of  Joseph  Loomis.  the  immi 
grant.  He  was  graduated  from  Wesleyan  uni 
versity,  A.B.,  1844,  A.M.,  1847,  and  was  the  co- 
founder  and  associate  principal  with  his  brother 
Silas  L.  Loomis  of  the  Adelphian  academy  at  Broc- 
ton,  Mass.,  1844-50,  one  of  the  first  academies  in 
New  England  to  be  conducted  independent  of  ec 
clesiastical  supervision  and  control.  He  was  a 
teacher  in  Mount  Hollis  seminary,  Holliston, 
Mass.,  in  1851  ;  vice-principal  of  the  Irving  insti 
tute  at  Tarry  town,  N.Y.,  in  1852,  and  principal 
in  1853.  He  was  professor  of  natural  science  and 
belles-lettres  in  Wesleyan  Female  college,  Wil 
mington,  Del.,  1854-57  ;  president  of  the  college, 
1857-58.  and  principal  of  Lafayette  institute, 
Washington,  D.C.,  1859-63.  He  was  graduated 
from  Georgetown  college,  D.C.,  M.D.,  1863  ;  and 
was  acting  assistant  surgeon  of  the  Army  of  the 
Potomac  in  1864.  He  was  president  of  Wheeling 
Female  college,  West  Virginia,  1865-68  ;  and  pro 
fessor  of  physiology  at  Howard  university,  Wash 
ington,  D.C.,  in  1868.  He  studied  and  traveled  in 
Europe,  1875-95,  and  occasionally  lectured  on  art. 
He  was  married  Oct.  1,  1847,  to  Esther  Lucretia, 
daughter  of  Calvin  Lincoln  of  Holliston,  Mass., 
and  secondly  Oct.  20,  1870,  to  Mary,  daughter  of 
Dr.  Thomas  Williams  of  Canandaigua,  N.Y.  He 
is  the  author  of  :  Mizpah,  Prayer  and  Friendship) 
(1858);  Mental  and  Social  Culture  (1867),  which 
was  subsequently  printed  for  the  blind;  Index 
Guide  to  Travel  and  Art  in  Europe  (1882);  My 
self:  the  Great  Teacliers  of  Mankind  on  the  Na 
ture  of  Mind  and  the  Laws  of  Life  ;  The  Foimders, 
Defenders  and  Benefactors  of  the  Great  Republic 
(MS.  1901),  and  contributions  to  magazines. 

LOOfllS,  Mahlon,  inventor,  was  born  in  Op- 
penheim.  N.Y.,  July  21,  1826;  son  of  Nathan  and 
Waitie  J.  (Barber)  Loomis  ;  grandson  of  the  Rev. 
Josiah  and  Susannah  (Howes)  Loomis,  and  a  des 
cendant  through  Dyer  and  Nathaniel  from  Jona 
than  Loomis.  He  was  graduated  from  the  Penn 
Medical  Institute,  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  M.D.  and 
D.D.S.  after  studying  under  Dr.  Joseph  Pan- 
coast  (q.  v.).  He  invented  a  combination  of 
teeth  and  plate  in  one  solid  piece  and  all  of  the 
same  material,  which  he  patented  in  the  United 
States  and  Europe.  He  practised  dentistry 
first  in  western  New  York  and  then  in  Proc 
tor  county,  Va.  In  1865  lie  perfected  plans  for 
telegraphing  without  wires  between  distant 
points,  and  called  his  discovery  or  invention  the 
Aerial  Telegraph.  In  1868  he  successfully  de 
monstrated  the  practicability  of  wireless  tele- 


[123J 


LOOMIS 


LOOP 


graphy  by  establishing  communication  between 
the  peaks  of  two  prominent  mountains  in  the 
Blue  Ridge.  Va.,  eighteen  miles  apart.  He  then 
made  efforts  to  raise  a  sum  of  money  sufficient  to 
demonstrate  his  plan  in  the  Rocky  Mountains 
between  Mount  Hood  and  Mount  Shasta,  one  hun 
dred  miles  apart,  but  in  this  he  was  not  success 
ful.  He  lectured  on  his  discovery  in  Washington 
and  other  cities  and  with  the  means  thus  pro 
cured  visited  Chicago  where  he  was  promised  the 
necessary  capital  when  the  fire  of  1871  impover 
ished  his  patrons.  He  returned  to  Washington 
and  experimented  on  telegraphing  between  ves 
sels  in  the  Chesapeake  bay,  t\vo  miles  apart  by 
connecting  the  telegraphic  instruments  with  the 
water  by  wire  submerged  to  different  depths  so  as 
to  secure  a  circuit  through  strata  of  relative  de 
grees  of  temperature.  He  also  succeeded  in  tele 
graphing  between  moving  trains  of  cars.  He  ap 
plied  to  congress  for  an  appropriation  of  $50.000, 
but  the  bill  which  was  introduced  by  Senator 
Simmer  in  January.  1869.  reposed  in  the  com 
mittee  0:1  patents  and  was  indefinitely  postponed. 
He  obtained  letters  patent  for  his  invention.  July 
30,  1872,  and  a  bill  was  passed  by  both  houses  to 
incorporate  the  Loomis  Aerial  Telegraph  com 
pany  in  1873.  From  this  time  until  his  death  Dr. 
Loomis  struggled  in  vain  and  single-handed  to 
win  recognition  for  his  invention.  He  died  at 
Terra  Alta,  Preston  county,  W.Va.,  in  1884. 

LOOfllS,  Silas  Lawrence,  educator,  was  born 
in  Coventry,  Conn.,  May  22,  1822;  son  of 
Silas  and  Esther  (Case)  Loomis ;  grandson  of 
Daniel  and  Mary  (Hibbard)  Loomis  ;  great  grand 
son  of  Daniel  and  Mary  (Sprague)  Loomis.  and  a 
descendant  of  Joseph 
Loomis,  the  immi 
grant.  He  prepared 
for  college,  was  in 
structor  in  mat  he 
matics  and  natural 
science  at  Ho! listen 
academy,  Mass.,  and 
entered  Wesleyan 
university,  where  he 
was  graduated  in 
1844.  He  was  as 
sociate  principal  of 
Adelphian  academy 
at  Brockton,  Mass., 
1 845-52 ;  teacher  of 
mathematics  at  Dun- 
barton  academy,  D.C.,  in  1854,  and  principal 
of  Western  academy,  Washington,  D.C.,  1855-59. 
He  was  married  Jan.  22,  1847,  to  Betsy  Ann, 
daughter  of  Daniel  Tidd,  who  died  in  1850,  and 
secondly,  May  28,  1851  .to  Abigail  C.,  daughter  of 
Isaac  Paine.  He  was  graduated  from  George 
town  college,  D.C.,  M.D.,  1856;  was  astronomer 


to  the  lake  coast  survey,  1857,  and  professor  of 
physiology  in  the  medical  department  of  George 
town  college,  1859-60.  He  was  special  instructor 
in  mathematics  to  the  U.S.  naval  cadets  while  on 
a  cruise  in  1860  ;  and  was  professor  of  chemistry 
and  toxicology  at  Georgetown  college,  1861-67, 
serving  meantime  as  surgeon  on  the  staff  of 
General  McClella.ii  in  1862.  and  as  acting  assist 
ant  surgeon  in  hospitals  in  Washington.  1863- 
65.  He  was  a  professor  of  the  practice  of  medicine 
in  the  medical  department  of  Howard  university, 
Washington.  D.C..  in  1867;  dean  of  Howard  uni 
versity,  1867-69.  and  professor  of  chemistry  and 
toxicology  there.  1S68-72.  He  was  president  of 
the  department  of  physics  and  chemistry  in  the 
American  Union  Academy  of  Literature.  Science 
and  Art  at  Washington,  JM69-73,  and  presi 
dent  of  the  institution  in  1872.  He  practised 
medicine  in  Washington.  1873-77  ;  was  president 
of  the  Swede  Iron  and  Coal  company.  1877-81, 
and  while  so  engaged  discovered  a  process  by 
which  the  ores  of  chronium.  theretofore  value 
less,  were  utilized,  and  he  organized  and  was 
the  first  president  of  the  Massiquoit  Chrome 
company,  1879-81.  He  discovered  a  process  and 
invented  machinery  for  producing  a  textile  fab 
ric  from  palmetto,  and  organized  and  was  presi 
dent  of  the  Palm  Fibre  company  at  Washington, 
D.C.,  1878-81.  In  1880  he  invented  improve 
ments  in  areometers.  He  was  president  of  the 
Washington  Scientific  association  in  1862  ;  mem 
ber  of  the  American  Medical  association.  1862- 
72  ;  a  delegate  to  the  convention  of  American 
medical  colleges  in  1807;  chairman  of  a  special 
committee  to  examine  the  mathematical  and 
chemical  instruments  to  lie  used  in  the  revenue 
service,  and  a  delegate  to  the  decennial  convention 
for  the  revision  of  the  United  States  pharmacopeia 
in  1870.  He  is  the  author  of  :  Xonim!  Aritiinie- 
f/c(1859);  Antt1i/ticnl  Arithmetic  (1S60);  Key  to 
the  Xonnul  Course  of  A  ritli  met  ic  ( 1 867) .  He  died 
in  Fernandina,  Fla.,  June  22,  1896. 

LOOP,  Henry  Augustus,  artist,  was  born  at 
Hillsdale,  Columbia  county,  X.Y.,  Sept.  9.  1831  ; 
son  of  George  H.  and  Angelica  Malcolm  (Down 
ing)  Loop,  and  a  descendant  of  Gerlach  Lenpp 
(Holland),  who  came  to  New  Amsterdam  the  latter 
part  of  the  seventeenth  century.  He  attended 
school  at  Great  Barrington,  Mass.,  and  studied 
art  in  1850  with  Henry  Peters  Gray  in  New  York 
city;  in  1856  with  Thomas  Couture  in  Paris, 
France,  and  in  1857  in  Rome,  Venice  and 
Florence.  He  opened  a  studio  in  New  York 
city,  where  his  professional  life  was  spent.  He 
made  a  second  visit  to  Europe  in  1867-68,  and 
visited  all  the  Continental  art  centres.  He  be 
came  an  associate  of  the  National  Academy  of 
Design  in  1859  ;  an  Academician  in  1861  ;  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Century  association  in  1860,  and  was. 


[124] 


LOOP 


LOOTENS 


also  a  member  of  the  Artists'  Fund  society.  He 
was  married  to  Jeiinette  Shepherd,  daughter  of 
James  Harrison  of  New  Haven,  Conn.  He 
exhibited  The  It<tH<i)i  Minstrel  in  the  Paris 
Salon  of  1868,  and  Aphrodite  in  the  Centennial 
exhibition  of  1870.  Among  his  more  noteworthy 
works,  besides  portraits  of  Gregory  Thurston 
Bedell,  Bishop  of  Ohio,  the  Hon.  William  G. 
Choate  of  New  York,  and  Mrs.  Timothy  Porter  of 
Stamford,  Conn.,  are  :  Undine  (186:5);  Cli/tfe 
(18(5"));  Tlie  Improvisa.tr  ice  (1869);  Lake  Maggiore 
(INTO);  The  White  Rose  (1871);  Idle  Fancise 
(1874);  Venice  (1875);  JEnone,  (1877);  At  the 
Spring  (1879);  It  It/1  of  the  Lake  (1881);  Hennia 
(1878);  Love's  Croini  (1882);  Marina  (1878):  Sum 
mer  Moon  (1884);  The  Dreamer  (1885).  He  died 
at  Lake  George,  N.Y.,  Oct.  20,  1895. 

LOOP,  Jennette  Shepherd  (Harrison,)  paint 
er,  was  born  in  New  Haven,  Conn.,  March  5, 
1840 ;  daughter  of  James  and  Charlotte  Nicoll 
(Lynde)  Harrison  ;  granddaughter  of  Philemon 
and  Sarah  (Wolcott)  Harrison,  and  of  John  Hart 
and  Elizabeth  Deall  (Nicoll)  Lynde,  and  a  de 
scendant  of  the  Rev.  John  Davenport  of  Plymouth, 
16-50  ;  of  Governors  Roger  and  Oliver  Wolcott,  and 
of  Nathaniel  Lynde,  Saybrook,  Conn.,  1680.  She 
studied  art  with  Louis  Bail  in  New  Haven  and 
with  Henry  Augustus  Loop  in  Rome,  Paris  and 
Venice.  She  married  Henry  Augustus  Loop  in 
1865.  and  was  elected  an  associate  of  the  National 
Academy  of  Design  in  1875,  being  in  1901  one  of 
the  three  women  on  the  list  of  associate  national 
academicians.  She  became  well  known  as  a 
painter  of  portraits  and  a  regular  exhibitor  at  the 
academy.  Her  portraits  of  Professors  Hadley 
and  Learned  of  Yale  college, Misses  Alexander  and 
Harriman,  Mrs.  Joseph  Low,  Mrs.  Anson  Phelps 
Stokes,  De  Witt  Clinton  Blair,  Baroness  Hal kett 
of  England,  Judge  Lynde  Harrison  and  Mrs.  Will 
iam  G.  Choate,  and  ideal  figures  :  Baby  Belle, 
Little  Runaway,  Bouquet  for  Mamma,  are  named 
as  especially  noteworthy. 

LOOS,  Charles  Louis,  educator,  was  born  in 
Woerth-sur-Saner,  Lower  Alsace.  France,  Dec. 
22-,  1823  ;  son  of  Jacques  G.  and  Katharine  (Kull) 
Loos.  He  immigrated  to  the  United  States  with 
his  parents,  who  were  Protestants,  in  1834  and 
settled  in  New  Franklin,  Stark  county.  Ohio, 
where  his  father  died  soon  after.  In  1839  he 
commenced  to  teach  school.  He  was  graduated 
from  Bethany  college  Va.,  in  1846;  was  an  in 
structor  there,  1846-49,  and  was  ordained  to  the 
ministry  of  the  Christian  church  in  1849.  He 
was  married,  July  6,  1848,  to  Rosetta  E.,  daughter 
of  Rev.  John  Kerr  of  Newry,  Ireland.  She  died 
Jan.  31,  1893.  He  was  pastor  at  AVellsburg, 
Va.,  1849-50;  at  Somerset.  Va.,  1850-56;  and 
at  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  1856-57  ;  was  president  of 
Eureka  college,  Eureka,  111.,  1857-58;  professor 

[12: 


of  ancient  languages  at  Bethany  college,  Va., 
1858-80;  president  of  Kentucky  university, 
Lexington,  Ky.,  1880-97,  and  professor  of  Greek 
therefrom  1897.  He  was  pi'esident  of  the  Foreign 
Christian  Missionary  society,  1888-1900.  He  re 
ceived  the  degree  of  LL.D.  from  Butler  univer 
sity,  Ind.,  in  1888.  He  edited  the  Disciple,  1853- 
54  ;  was  associate  editor  of  the  Sower,  1855,  and 
of  the  Christian  Age,  at  Cincinnati,  1856.  He 
was  also  co-editor  of  the  Millennial  Harbinger 
with  Prof.  W.  K.  Pendleton,  1864-70,  and  con 
tributing  editor  of  the  Christian  Standard,  Cin 
cinnati,  1868-88. 

LOOS,  Isaac  Althaus,  educator,  was  born  in 
Upper  Bern,  Berks  county,  Pa.,  Dec.  6,  1856; 
son  of  John  and  Sarah  (Althaus)  Loos,  and  grand 
son  of  George  Loos,  and  of  Daniel  Althaus  and  a 
descendant  of  German  ancestors  who  settled  in 
Eastern  Pennsylvania  as  early  as  1750.  He  was 
graduated  from  Otterbein  university,  AVester- 
ville,  Ohio,  B.A.,  1876,  M.A.,  1879;  and  from 
Yale  university,  B.D.,  1881,  where  lie  was  special 
fellow  in  theology  and  philosophy,  1881-82.  He 
was  a  student  in  the  college  of  France,  Paris, 
1882-83  ;  and  in  the  University  of  Leipzig,  1883- 
84.  He  was  professor  of  history  and  political 
science  in  AVestern  college,  Toledo,  Iowa,  1884-89, 
and  in  1859  was  made  professor  of  political  science 
in  the  State  University  of  Iowa,  becoming  in 
1900  professor  of  sociology  and  political  philosophy 
including  municipal  government  and  interna 
tional  law,  and  director  of  the  school  of  political 
and  social  science.  He  was  elected  a  member  of 
the  council  of  the  American  Economic  association 
in  1889  ;  a  member  of  the  American  Academy  of 
Political  and  Social  science  in  1891,  and  a  member 
of  the  council  of  the  Academy  in  1901 .  He  became 
associate  editor  of  the  World  Review,  Chicago, 
111.,  in  1901.  Penn  college,  Iowa,  gave  him' the 
degree  of  D.C.L.  in  1898.  He  is  the  author  of  : 
Outlines  of  the  Industrial  Revolution  (1892); 
Studies  in,  the  Politics  of  Aristotle  and  the  Repub 
lic  of  Plato  (1900),  and  contributions  to  current 
periodicals  on  political  and  social  science  ques 
tions. 

LOOTENS,  Louis,  R.C.  bishop,  was  born  in 
Bruges,  Belgium,  March  17,  1827.  He  was  or 
dained  to  the  priesthood  at  Paris,  France,  by 
Bishop  Demers,  June  14,  1851,  and  was  sent  to 
California  on  a  mission  about  1858,  and  was  at 
Sonora,  Petaluma  and  San  Rafael.  At  the  latter 
place  he  erected  St.  Rafael's  church  and  enlarged 
the  school  of  the  Sisters  of  St.  Dominic.  He  was 
elected  vicar  apostolic  of  Idaho  and  was  conse 
crated  titular  bishop  of  Castabala,  by  Archbishop 
Alemany  at  San  Francisco,  Aug.  9,  1868.  He 
was  the  first  vicar-apostolic  of  Idaho  and  served 
until  July  16,  1896,  when  he  resigned,  but  re 
tained  the  titular  see.  He  died  Jan.  13,  1898. 
1 


LOR  AS 


LORD 


LORAS,  Pierre  Jean  Mathias,  R.C.  bishop, 
was  born  at  Lyons,  France,  Aug.  30,  1792.  His 
father  died  on  the  scaffold  during  the  reign  of 
terror.  He  was  ordained  a  priest  Nov.  13,  1815, 
in  the  chapel  of  the  "  Grand  Seminaire  de  Gre 
noble,"  at  Lyons,  by 
Mgr.  Claude  Simon, 
bishop  of  Grenoble. 
He  filled  the  office 
of  superior  of  the  ec- 
clesiastieal  seminary 
of  Largentiere  until 
1830,  when  lie  came 
to  the  United  States 
with  Bishop  Portier 
of  Mobile,  Ala.  He 
was  appointed  vicar- 
general  on  his  arrival 
and  also  president  of 
the  newly  organized 
college  at  Spring 
Hill,  Ala.  When  the 
diocese  of  Dubuque  was  established,  July  28, 
1837.  lie  was  elected  its  first  bishop  and  was 
consecrated  at  Mobile.  Ala.,  Dec.  10,  1837.  He 
visited  Europe  to  obtain  missionaries  and.  on 
his  return  was  installed  April  21,  1839.  He  made 
his  first  visitation  in  June.  1839,  and  founded 
missions  at  Fort  Snelling  and  Prairie  du  Chien. 
He  consecrated  St.  Raphael's  cathedral,  Dubuque, 
Aug.  15,  1839,  and  subsequently  built  a  church 
at  Davenport,  which  became  in  1881  the  see  city 
of  the  diocese  of  Iowa.  He  established  missions 
among  the  Sioux,  Fox  and  Winnebago  Indians. 
He  spent  a  large  amount  of  money  in  building 
churches  and  schools,  in  employing  teachers,  and 
in  educating  poor  children  and  also  established  a 
seminary.  He  introduced  the  Sisters  of  Charity 
into  his  diocese,  founded  St.  Joseph's  convent  of 
Mount  Carmel,  Dubuque,  and  the  convent  of  the 
Nuns  of  Visitation  of  the  B.V.M..  and  New  Mel- 
laray  Abbey  for  the  Trappist  Father's,  and  he 
also  encouraged  the  emigration  of  Roman  Catho 
lic  settlers  to  Iowa.  In  1850  the  diocese  of  St. 
Paul  was  set  off  from  his  see  and  on  May  3,  1857, 
the  Rev,  Clement  Smyth  was  consecrated  coad 
jutor  bishop  with  right  of  succession.  He  died 
at  Dubuque,  Iowa.,  Feb.  20,  1858. 

LORD,  Chester  Sanders,  editor,  was  born  in 
Romulus,  N.Y.,  March  18,  1850;  son  of  the  Rev. 
Edward  and  Mary  Jane  (Sanders)  Lord  ;  grand 
son  of  Chester  Webster  and  Betsey  (Kingsbury) 
Lord  :  and  of  Anthony  and  of  Celinda  (Brown) 
Sanders,  of  Williamstown,  Mass.,  and  a  descend 
ant  of  William  Bradford,  and  of  Noah  Webster. 
His  tirst  ancestor  in  America  was  Thomas  Lord, 
who  came  from  England  in  1635.  and  was  a  first 
settler  of  Hartford.  He  entered  Hamilton  college 
in  the  class  of  1873  but  did  not  graduate.  He 


was  associate  editor  of  the  Oswego  Advertiser, 
1870-71  and  in  1872  joined  the  editorial  staff  of 
the  New  York  Sun,  anJ  was  its  managing  editor, 
1880-1901.  He  was  elected  a  regent  of  the  Uni 
versity  o,.  the  State  of  New  York  in  1897.  He 
was  made  a  member  of  the  Lotos  club  and  was 
its  secretary,  1894-1901.  He  received  the  honor 
ary  degree  of  A.M.  from  Hamilton  college  in 
1894  and  that  of  LL.D.  from  St.  Lawrence  uni 
versity  in  1898. 

LORD,  David  Nevins,  editor  and  author,  was 
born  in  Franklin.  Conn.,  March 4,  1792  ;  a  brother 
to  Eleazar  Lord.  He  was  graduated  from 
Yale,  A.B..  18.17.  A.M..  1820,  andstudied  theology, 
but  ill  health  prevented  him  from  entering  the 
ministry.  He  engaged  as  an  importer  of  dry 
goods  in  New  York  city  in  1823,  and  became  in 
terested  with  his  brother  in  the  management  of 
the  New  York  and  Erie  railway  on  its  formation. 
He  edited  the  Theological  and  Literary  Joiimal, 
a  quarterly  founded  by  his  brother,  1848-61.  and 
contributed  regularly  to  its  columns.  lie  is  the 
author  of:  Exposition  of  the  A]>oca]i/}>se  (1847); 
Characteristics  of  Figurative  Languages  (1854); 
Louis  Napoleon — is  he  to  be  the  Imperial  Chief  of 
the  Ten  Kingdoms  ?  (18C6);  Visions  of  J\tradise,  an 
epic  (1867).  He  died  in  New  York,  July  14, 1880. 

LORD,  Eleazar,  financier  and  author,  was 
born  in  Franklin,  Conn.,  Sept.  9,  1788.  He  was 
educated  in  the  district  schools  of  Franklin  and 
was  a  resident  licentiate  at  Andover  Theological 
seminary  in  the  class  of  1815.  but  was  not  or 
dained,  owing  to  the  failure  of  his  eyesight. 
He  founded  the  American  Sunday  School  Union 
in  1815,  and  was  its  secretary,  1818-26,  and  its 
president  1826-36.  He  became  a  merchant  and 
banker  in  New  York  city  ;  founded  and  was  pres 
ident  of  the  Manhattan  Insurance  company  of 
New  York  city,  1821-33,  and  was  the  founder  and 
first  president  of  the  New  York  and  Erie  railway  ; 
advocated  the  banking  system  adopted  by  the 
state  of  New  York  in  1S38  ;  founded  the  National 
Institution  for  the  Promotion  of  Industry  in  1820 
and  served  as  its  secretary,  president,  and  editor  of 
its  paper,  the  Patron  of  Industry.  He  also  aided 
in  establishing  the  Home  and  Foreign  Missionary 
society,  the  Auburn  Theological  seminary  in 
1820;  the  Hartford  Theological  seminary  in 
1834,  which  was  first  located  at  East  Windsor, 
Conn.;  and  the  University  of  the  City  of  New 
York  in  1S31,  of  which  he  was  a  member  of  the 
council  1831-34,  and  from  which  he  received  the 
honorary  degree  of  LL.D.  in  1866.  He  was  a 
director  of  Princeton  Theological  seminary  1823- 
26.  He  established  and  edited  the  Theological 
and  Literary  Journal.  He  published  an  edition 
of  Tempriere's  "  Biographical  Dictionary,"  to 
which  he  contributed  800  original  articles  (1^25); 
and  is  the  author  of  :  Credit  Currency  and  Bank- 


[126] 


LORD 


LORD 


ing  (1828):  Life  of  Rcr.  J.  S.  Christmas  (1831); 
Epoch  of  Creation  (1838):  Geological  and  Scrip 
tural  Cosmogony  (1843);  The  Mediatorial  Works 
of  Christ  (1844);  The  Messiah  in  Moses  and  the 
Prophets  (1852):  Symbolic  Prop]iecy.(\$~>4);  Hints 
to  Orthodox  Millenarians  (1854);  History  of  Erie 
Railroad  (1855);  Plenary  Inspiration  of  Scrip 
ture  (1855);  A  Layman's  Letters  to  the  Pastoral 
Union  of  Connecticut  (1856);  Prophetic  Office  of 
Christ  (1858):  Inspiration,  not  Guidance  nor  In 
tuition  (1858);  Reviews  of  Authors  on  Inspiration 
(1859);  Tlte  Psalter  Readjusted  in  its  Relation  to 
the  Temple  Serrices  ( 18(30) ;  Analysis  of  the  Book 
of  Isaiah  (1861):  Letter  on  the  Currency  (1861); 
Six  Letters  on  the  Necessity  and  Practicality  of  a 
National  Currency  (1862).  He  died  in  Piermont, 
N.Y.,  June  3.  1871. 

LORD,  John,  author  and  lecturer,  was  born  at 
Portsmouth.  X.  H..  Dec.  27,  1810;  son  of  John 
Perkins  and  Sophia  (Ladd)  Lord;  grandson  of 
John  and  Melii table  (Perkins)  Lord,  and  great- 
grandson  of  Xathan  and  Esther  (Perkins)  Lord. 
He  was  graduated  from  Dartmouth  college.  A.B., 
1833,  A.M.,  1836.  and  from  Andover  Theological 
seminary  in  1837,  and  was  agent  for  the  Ameri 
can  Peace  society,  1837-39.  He  was  pastor  at 
New  Marlborough,  Mass.,  1839-40,  at  Stock- 
bridge,  Mass.,  in  1840,  and  at  Utica,  X.Y.,  for  a 
short  time,  when  he  withdrew  from  pastoral 
work  and  devoted  himself  to  lecturing  and  au 
thorship.  He  resided  in  England,  1843-46,  and 
lectured  on  the  "  Middle  Ages"  in  all  the  large 
cities  there.  He  returned  to  the  United  States 
in  1846,  and  lectured  in  the  Xew  England  and 
Middle  slates  continuously  for  over  forty  years, 
during  which  time  he  was  lecturer  on  history  in 
Dartmouth  college,  1869-76.  He  received  the 
degree  of  LL.D.  from  the  University  of  the  City 
of  Xew  York  in  1864.  He  is  the  author  of: 
Modern  History  for  Schools  (1850);  A  Xew  His 
tory  of  the  United  States  for  Schools  (1850):  The 
Old  Roman  World  (1867):  Ancient  States  and 
Empires  (1869);  Ancient  History  (1876);  Points 
of  History  (1881);  Life  of  Emma  Willard  (1883): 
Beacon  Lights  of  History  (1883-94).  He  died  in 
Stamford,  Conn.,  Dec.  15,  1894. 

LORD,  Nathan,  educator  and  theologian,  was 
born  in  Berwick,  Maine,  Xov.  28,  1792;  son  of 
John  and  Meliitable  (Perkins)  Lord.  He  was  grad 
uated  from  Bowdoin  college,  A.B.,  1809.  A.M., 
1812  :  was  assistant  instructor  at  Phillips  Exeter 
academy,  X.H.,  under  Benjamin  Abbott,  1810- 
1 1  :  was  graduated  from  Andover  Theological 
seminary  in  1815;  was  ordained  May  22,  1816, 
and  was  pastor  at  Amherst,  X.H.,  1816-28.  He 
was  called  to  the  presidency  of  Dartmouth  col 
lege  on  the  resignation  of  the  Rev.  Dr.  Bennett 
Tyler  in  1828,  and  filled  this  position  until  1863, 
when  lie  resigned  and  was  succeeded  by  the  Rev. 


Dr.  Asa  Dodge  Smith.  During  his  presidency 
the  chairs  of  Greek  literature  and  language,  of 
astronomy  and  meteorology,  of  modern  lan 
guages,  of  intellectual  philosophy,  and  of  natural 
history  were  established  :  three  halls,  a  chapel 
and  an  observatory  were 
built,  and  the  Chandler  scien 
tific  department  was  found 
ed.  He  was  a  staunch  sup- . 
porter  of  the  institution  of' 
slavery  as  it  existed  in  the 
south,  and  at  the  same  time 
instructed  colored  youths  in 

the  college,  and  was  the  only  college  president 
who  admitted  them  to  equal  privileges  with  the 
white  students.  He  was  married  to  Elizabeth 
King  Leland.  He  received  the  honorary  degree 
of  A.M.  from  Dartmouth  in  1821,  that  of  D.D. 
from  Bowdoin  in  1828,  and  that  of  LL.D.  from 
Dartmouth  in  1864.  He  edited  the  selected  ser 
mons  of  his  son.  the  Rev.  John  King  Lord,  in 
1850.  and  is  the  author  of  :  Letters  to  Rev.  Daniel 
Dana.  D.D.,  on  Parks'  Theology  of  New  England 
(1852);  An  Essay  on  Millennium  (1854);  Two 
Letters  to  the  Ministers  of  All  Denominations 
on  Slavery  (1854-55),  and  many  contributions  to 
theological  reviews.  He  died  in  Hanover.  X.H., 
Sept.  9.  1870. 

LORD,  Scott,  representative,  was  born  in 
Nelson,  X.Y.,  Dec.  11,  1820;  son  of  John  Way 
and  Sarah  (Chase)  Lord  ;  grandson  of  John  and 
—  (Way)  Lord,  of  Lyme,  Connecticut,  and 
a  descendant  of  Richard  Lord,  of  Hartford, 
Conn.,  who  came  from  England  in  1636.  He  was 
a  brother  of  the  Rev.  John  Chase,  Judge  Charles 
Bachusand  the  Rev.  William  Wilberforce  Lord. 
He  was  a  student  at  Morrisville  and  Geneseo 
academies,  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  and  in  1842 
settled  in  practice  at  Geneseo,  X.Y.  He  Avas 
judge  of  Livingston  county  from  July  11,  1847, 
to  Jan.  1,1854.  He  formed  a  law  partnership 
with  Roscoe  Colliding  and  Alfred  C.  Cox  in 
Utica,  X.Y.,  in  1872,  and  also  held  the  office  of 
surrogate  of  Oneida  county.  He  was  a  Demo 
cratic  representative  from  the  twenty-third  New 
York  district  in  the  44th  congress,  1 875-77,  a  nd  was 
chairman  of  the  Belknap  impeachment  commit 
tee.  He  was  defeated  for  re-election  in  1876,  and 
1878  removed  to  New  York  city,  where  lie  con 
tinued  the  practice  of  law.  He  was  senior  coun 
sel  for  Cornelius  Vanderbilt  in  the  contest  over 
the  will  of  his  grandfather,  Cornelius  Vanderbilt. 
He  died  at  Morris  Plains,  N.J.,  Sept.  10,  1885. 

LORD,  William  Paine,  diplomatist,  was  born 
in  Dover.  Del.,  in  18:59  ;  son  of  Edward  and  Eliz 
abeth  (Paine)  Lord.  His  ancestors  came  to 
America  from  England  with  Lord  Baltimore. 
He  was  graduated  at  Fail-field  college  in  1860, 
and  was  engaged  in  the  study  of  law  when  the 

[127] 


LORD 


LORIMER 


civil  war  broke  out,  and  he  raised  a  battalion  of 
cavalry  and  was  commissioned  captain  in  the 
U.S.  volunteer  service.  He  was  promoted  major 
and  became  judge  advocate  on  the  staff  of  Gen. 
Lew  Wallace.  He  was  mustered  out  at  the  close 
of  the  war  ;  was 
graduated  at  the  Al 
bany  Law  school  in 
1800.  and  was  admitt 
ed  to  the  bar,  but  in 
stead  of  entering  the 
practice  of  law  ac 
cepted  a  commission 
as  lieutenant  in  the 
2d  U.S.  cavalry.  He 
served  in  the  west 
and  in  Alaska,  and 
resigned  in  1808  to 
practise  law  in  Salem, 
Ore.  He  served  as 
state  senator,  1878- 
80  ;  justice  of  the 

supreme  court  of  Oregon,  1880-94,  and  governor 
of  Oregon,  1895-99.  He  was  married  in  1880  to 
Juliette  Montague,  of  Baltimore,  Md.  On  April 
18,  1899,  President  McKinley  appointed  him  U.S. 
minister  to  Persia  as  successor  to  Arthur  S. 
Hardy,  but  he  declined  the  appointment.  On 
Oct.  23,  1899,  he  accepted  the  appointment  of 
U.S.  minister  to  the  Argentine  Republic  as  suc 
cessor  to  William  T.  Buchanan,  resigned. 

LORD,  Willis,  educator,  was  born  in  Bridge 
port,  Conn.,  Sept.  15,  1809;  son  of  Daniel  and 
Anna  (Choate)  Lord,  and  great-grandson  of  the 
Rev.  Benjamin  Lord.  He  was  graduated  from 
Williams  college  in  1833.  studied  theologj'  at 
Princeton  Theological  seminary,  1838,  and  was 
ordained  Oct.  15,  1834.  He  was  pastor  at  New 
Hartford,  Conn.,  1 8:54-88  ;  at  Providence,  R.I., 
1838-40  ;  at  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  1840-50  ;  at  Cincin 
nati,  Ohio,  1850-54,  and  at  Brooklyn,  N.Y. ,  1855- 
59.  He  was  chosen  by  the  general  assembly  of 
the  Presbyterian  church,  professor  of  biblical  lit 
erature  and  pastoral  theology  at  Lane  Theologi 
cal  seminary,  and  served  1850-54  ;  and  professor 
of  biblical  and  ecclesiastical  history  and  McCor- 
mick  professor  of  didactics  and  problematical 
theology  at  the  Northwestern  Theological  semi 
nary  at  Chicago,  III.,  and  served  1859-70.  He 
was  president  and  Mercer  professor  of  biblical 
instruction  in  the  University  of  Wooster,  1870- 
73;  pastor  at  Denver.  Col.,  1875-70;  at  Colum 
bus,  Ohio,  1877-79  :  resided  at  Colorado  Springs, 
Col.,  1879-83,  and  was  president  of  the  Presbyte 
rian  College  of  the  Southwest.  Del  Norte,  Cal., 
1883-84.  He  was  a  trustee  of  Lafayette  college, 
1839-49,  and  of  the  University  of  Wooster,  1877- 
79.  The  honorary  degree  of  D.D.  was  conferred 
on  him  by  Lafayette  college  in  1847,  and  that  of 


LL.D.  by  the  University  of  Wooster  in  1878.  He 
is  the  author  of  :  Christian  Theology  for  the  Peo 
ple  (1874);  The  Blessed  Hope,  or  tin'  (llorioim  Coin 
ing  of  Our  Lord  (1877).  He  died  at  (Juilford, 
Conn.,  Oct.  28.  1888. 

LORE,  Charles  Brown,  representative,  was 
born  in  Odessa.  Del.,  March  Hi.  1881  :  son  of  Eldad 
and  Priscilla  (Henderson)  Lore.  He  was  prepared 
for  college  in  Middletown  academy,  Del.,  and 
was  graduated  at  Dickinson  in  1852.  He  studied 
law  under  Judge  John  K.  Findlay  of  Philadelphia 
and  Chancellor  D.  M.  Bates  of  Wilmington.  Del., 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1801.  and  settled  in 
practice  in  Wilmington,  Del.  He  was  clerk  of 
the  Delaware  house  of  representatives  in  1857  ; 
commissioner  of  the  draft  for  New  Castle  county 
for  filling  the  quota  of  soldiers  under  the  Presi 
dent's  call  in  1S(>2.  and  attorney-general  of  tl it- 
state,  1809-74.  He  was  married.  July  7,  18(52.  to 
Rebecca  A.,  daughter  of  Josiah  Bates  of  Mt.  Holly, 
N.J.  lie  was  a  Democratic  presidential  elector 
in  1881  and  again  in  1893,  and  a  representative 
from  the  state  at  large  in  the  48th  and  49th  con 
gresses.  1883-87.  He  was  appointed  chief  justice 
of  the  state  of  Delaware  in  1893,  and  re-appointed 
in  1897,  for  the  term  ending  in  1909.  He  received 
the  degree  of  LL.D.  from  Dickinson  college  in 
1894  and  from  Delaware  college  in  1890. 

LORIMER,  George  Claude,  clergyman,  was 
born  in  Edinburgh,  Scotland,  June  0,  1838.  He 
came  to  the  United  States  in  185(i  and  settled 
in  Louisville,  Ky.,  where  he  joined  the  Baptist 
church.  He  was  a  student  at  Georgetown  college, 
1857-59,  and  was  a 
trustee  of  that  insti- 
tution,  18(5(3-08.  He 
was  ordained  pastor 
of  the  Baptist  church, 
Harrodsburg,  Ky..  in 
1859  and  after  several 
years  went  to  the 
church  at  Paducah, 
and  from  there  to 
Louisville,  where  he 
remained  three  years. 
In  July,  1807,  he  was 
one  of  a  committee 
of  five  appointed  by 
the  Kentucky  gen 
eral  association  of 
Baptists  to  protest  against  the  action  of  the  leg 
islature  in  giving  up  the  Agricultural  and  Me 
chanical  college  to  the  control  of  the  Campbel- 
lites  thereby  benefiting  one  sect  and  tending  to  the 
union  of  church  and  state.  Leaving  Kentucky 
he  preached  at  the  Baptist  church,  Albany^  N.Y., 
1809  ;  theShawmut  Avenue  church,  Boston,  Mass., 
1870-78;  Tremont  Temple,  1873-79:  Immanuel 
church  and  First  church,  Chicago,  111.,  1879-91, 


[138] 


LORIMER 


LORING 


Tremont  Temple,  1891-1901,  and  in  1901  became 
pastor  of  Madison  Avenue  church,  N.  Y.  city.  He 
received  the  honorary  degree  of  D.D.  from  Bethel 
college,  Ky.,  in  1870,  and  that  of  LL.D.  from 
Georgetown  college,  Ky.,  in  1885.  He  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  Victoria  institute,  Lon 
don,  England,  in  1899.  He  was  married  in  1859 
to  Belle,  daughter  of  Elijah  Burford  of  Harrods- 
burg,  Ky.,  and  their  son,  George  Horace  Lorimer 
(q.  v.)  became  a  \vell-kno\vn  journalist.  Dr.  Lor 
imer  served  as  editor  of  Tin'  \\~atelnnan,  1876-77. 
and  of  the  People's  Bible  History,  1895.  He  is 
the  author  of:  Under  Tlie  Evergreen  (1872);  The 
Great  Conflict  (1876)  ;  l*nis  Old  and  New  (1882)  ; 
Jesus  the  World's  Saviour  (1884)  ;  Studies  in 
Social  Life  (1886)  ;  Argument  for  Christianity 
(1894)  ;  Messages  of  To-day  to  Men  of  To-morrow 
(1896)  ;  Christianity  and  the  Social  State  (1898); 
Christianity  in  the  Nineteenth  Century,  Lowell 
Institute  Lectures.  1900  (1901). 

LORIMER,  George  Horace,  editor,  was  born 
in  Louisville,  Ky.,  Oct.  6,  1868;  son  of  the  Rev. 
George  Claude  and  Belle  (Burford)  Lorinier  and 
grandson  of  Elijah  Burford.  He  was  educated  at 
the  Mosely  high  school,  Chicago,  111.,  and  at  Colby 
and  Yale  universities.  He  lectured  on  literary 
subjects,  contributed  to  current  magazines  and 
was  employed  on  the  Boston  Post  as  a  reporter. 
He  became  literary  editor  of  The  Saturday  Even 
ing  Post  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  in  1898,  and  editor- 
iii-chief  of  that  weekly  in  1899.  He  was  married 
.June  6,  1893,  to  Alma  Viola,  daughter  of  Judge 
Alfred  Ennis  of  Chicago,  111. 

LORING,  Ellis  Gray,  abolitionist,  was  born  in 
Boston,  Mass.,  in  1803.  He  was  prepared  for 
college  at  the  Boston  Latin  school  and  entered 
Harvard  with  the  class  of  1819,  but  was  not  grad 
uated.  He  was  admitted  to  the  .Suffolk  bar  in 
1827,  and  practised  in  Boston,  Mass.  He  early 
enrolled  himself  as  a  Garrison  abolitionist  and 
was  one  of  the  "  immortal  twelve  ''  that  formed 
the  first  anti-slavery  society  in  Boston  in  1831. 
He  aided  in  the  support  of  the  Liberator,  founded 
by  Garrison  in  1831,  and  distinguished  himself  in 
the  defence  of  the  slave  child  "  Med "  in  the 
Massachusetts  supreme  court,  where  lie  secured 
the  decision  that  every  slave  brought  on  Massa 
chusetts  soil  by  the  owner  is  free.  In  his  argu 
ment  he  succeeded  in  convincing  not  only  the 
court  and  jury  but  the  opposing  counsel,  Benjamin 
R.  Curtis.  He  was  elected  counsellor  of  the  anti- 
slavery  society  in  1833,  and  was  a  member  of  the 
committee  of  the  Lovejoy  indignation  meeting 
at  Faneuil  Hall  in  1H37.  He  defended  Abner 
Kneeland  (q.v.)  who  was  charged  with  blasphemy 
and  tried  in  Boston  in  1836,  and  his  argument, 
which  was  a  plea  for  freedom  of  speech,  was  pub 
lished  as:  Petition  on  Behalf  of  Abner  Kneeland. 
He  died  in  Boston,  Mass.,  May  24,  1858. 


LORING,  George  Bailey,  representative,  was 
born  in  North  Andover,  Mass..  Nov.  8,  1817,  son 
of  the  Rev.  Bailey  Loring.  He  attended  Franklin 
academy  ;  was  graduated  from  Harvard,  A.  B., 
1838  ;  studied  medicine  with  Dr.  Oliver  Wendell 
Holmes,  and  at  Harvard  Medical  school,  and  was 
graduated  M.D.,  1842.  He  was  appointed  surgeon 
of  the  U.S.  marine  hospital  at  Chelsea,  Mass.,  in 
1843  and  commissioner  to  revise  the  U.S.  marine 
hospital  system  in  1849.  He  removed  to  Salem, 
Mass.,  in  1851  ;  was  postmaster,  1853-57  and  de 
voted  himself  to  scientific  agriculture  and  to  the 
publication  of  agricultural  literature.  He  found 
ed  the  New  England  Agricultural  society  in 
1864  and  was  its  president,  1864-91.  He  was  a 
representative  in  the  state  legislature,  1866-67  ;  a 
delegate  to  the  Republican  national  convention 
May  20,  1868,  June  5,  1872,  and  June  14,  1876; 
Massachusetts  centennial  commissioner  in  1872  ; 
chairman  of  the  state  Republican  committee, 
1869-76  ;  a  representative  in  the  45th  and  46th 
congresses,  1875-79  ;  U.S.  commissioner  of  agricul 
ture,  1881-85  ;  and  U.S.  minister  to  Portugal, 
1889-90  ;  and  during  his  term  of  office  the  trouble 
between  England  and  Portugal  over  the  disputed 
African  possessions  took  place.  He  was  twice 
married  :  first,  in  1851,  to  Mary  F.  Pickman  who 
died  in  1878.  and  secondly,  in  1880,  to  Nina  S.  Hil- 
dreth.  He  is  the  author  of  addresses  on  TJie 
Relation  of  Agriculture,  to  the  State  in  Time  of 
ir«r(1863);  Classical  Culture  (1866):  Eulogy  on 
Louis  Agassiz  (1873);  The  Cobden  Club  and  the 
American  Farmer  (1880);  and  an  Address  to  the 
Atlanta  Cotton  Convention  (1881)  ;  and  in  book 
form  A  Year  in  Portugal  (1891).  He  died  in 
Salem.  Mass.,  Sept.  13,  1891. 

LORING,  William  Wing,  soldier,  was  born  in 
Wilmington,  N.C.,  Dec.,  4,  1818.  His  parents 
removed  to  Florida  while  he  was  a  child,  and  in 
1831  he  enlisted  in  a  company  of  volunteers 
against  the  Seminole  Indians.  He  was  promoted 
3d  lieutenant  June  16,  1837.  He  was  sent  to 
school  at  Alexandria,  Va.,  and  was  graduated 
from  Georgetown  university,  D.C.,  LL.B.  in  1842. 
He  practised  law  in  Florida  and  was  a  represen 
tative  in  the  state  legislature  for  three  years.  At 
the  outbreak  of  the  war  with  Mexico  he  was  made 
senior  captain  in  a  regiment  of  mounted  rifles  and 
was  promoted  major  in  1847.  He  commanded 
this  regiment  in  the  assault  on  the  Mexican 
intrench ments  at  Contreras  and  was  the  first  to 
reach  the  main  works,  and  he  led  in  the  pursuit 
of  the  enemy  as  far  as  San  Angel  when  counter 
orders  were  received.  He  also  led  the  fighting 
at  Chapultepec  on  the  causeway  from  the  capital 
to  the  Belen  gate  where  he  was  wounded  and 
underwent  an  amputation  of  his  left  arm.  He 
was  brevet  ted  lieutenant-colonel  for  "gallant 
and  meritorious  conduct  at  Contreras  and  Cheru- 


[1291 


LORING 


LOSSING 


busco,"  and  colonel  for  "  gallant  and  meritorious 
conduct  at  Cliapultepec  and  Belen  Gate,"  and 
was  promoted  lieutenant-colonel  March  5,  1848. 
He  was  also  presented  with  a  sword  by  the  citi 
zens  of  Appalachicola,  Fla.  He  escorted  a  party 
of  gold  seekers  across 
the  continent  to  Cali 
fornia  in  1849,  and 
was  assigned  to  the 
11  th  military  depart 
ment  and  stationed  in 
Oregon,  1849-51  ;  in 
Texas,  1851-56 ;  pro 
moted  colonel,  Dec. 
30,  1856  ;  was  engag 
ed  against  the  hos 
tile  Indians  in  New 
Mexico,  1856-58  ;  took 
part  in  the  Mormon 
War  in  Utah  under 
Gen.  Albert  Sidney 
Johnston,  1858-59, 
travelled  in  Europe.  Egypt  and  the  Holy  land, 
1859-60,  and  commanded  the  department  of  New 
Mexico,  1860-61.  He  resigned  his  commission 
as  colonel  of  U.S.  mounted  rifles  in  1861  and 
joined  the  Confederate  army.  He  was  commis 
sioned  brigadier-general  and  served  in  Western 
Virginia  with  considerable  success.  He  com 
manded  a  body  of  6000  troops  in  the  Slienandoah 
valley  under  Gen.  T.  J.  Jackson,  and  when  that 
officer  ordered  him  to  take  up  his  quarters  at 
Romey,  Va.,  he  with  his  officers  petitioned  Secre 
tary  of  War  Benjamin  to  remain  with  the  main 
army  at  Winchester.  This  caused  a  serious 
estrangement  between  the  two  generals.  He  was 
made  major-general  in  February,  1862  ;  was  trans 
ferred  to  the  Southwest,  and  commanded  three 
brigades  in  Pemberton's  army,  taking  part  in 
opposing  Grant's  army  at  Grenada,  Miss.,  and  in 
the  battle  of  Champion  Hills,  May  16,  1863,  when 
his  brigade  was  divided,  most  of  it  joining  John 
ston  at  Jackson,  Miss.  He  commanded  the  1st 
division  of  Folk's  corps  in  the  Army  of  the  Missis 
sippi  and  upon  the  death  of  General  Polk,  May  14, 
1864,  he  succeeded  to  the  command  of  the  corps 
until  Gen.  A.  P.  Stewart  assumed  command, when 
he  returned  to  the  command  of  his  division.  He 
surrendered  with  General  Johnston  at  Durham 
Station,  N.C.,inl865,  and  engaged  in  the  banking 
business  in  New  York  city,  but  in  1869  he  accepted 
a  commission  of  brigade-general  in  the  army 
of  the  Khedive  of  Egypt,  was  assigned  to  the 
command  of  Alexandria  and  participated  in  the 
expedition  against  Abyssinia  and  in  the  battle  of 
Kaya-Khor.  He  was  promoted  in  the  Egyptian 
army  to  general  of  a.  division  and  received  the 
imperial  order  of  the  Osmariah.  He  returned  to 
the  United  States  in  1879  and  resided  in  Florida 


and  subsequently  in  New  York  city.  He  was  a 
candidate  for  U.S.  senator  from  Florida  in  1881 
but  was  defeated  by  Charles  W.  Jones.  He  is  the 
author  of  :  A  Confederate  Soldier  in  Egypt  (1883). 
He  died  in  New  York  city,  Dec.  30,  Ib86. 

LOSK1EL,  George  Henry,  Moravian  bishop, 
was  born  in  Angermiinde,  Russia,  Nov.  7,  1740. 
He  was  a  Moravian  clergyman,  and  when  John 
Ettwein  resigned  his  bishopric  of  the  northern 
district  of  the  American  province  in  1801,  lie 
was  appointed  his  successor  and  was  consecrated 
in  1803.  He  was  assisted  by  John  Gebhard 
Cunow,  who  had  come  to  America  in  1796  as  ad 
ministrator  of  the  Unity's  properties.  During 
his  bishopric  a  theological  seminary  w:is  estab 
lished  at  Nazareth,  Pa.,  in  1807.  He  retired  from 
the  Provincial  Helpers'  conference  in  1811  on 
account  of  failing  health,  and  was  obliged  for 
the  same  reason  to  decline  a  position  on  the  chief 
executive  board  of  his  church  at  Berthelsdorf, 
Saxony.  He  is  the  author  of:  History  of  the 
Moravian  Mission  Among  the  North  American 
Indians  (1788),  translated  into  English  by  Chris 
tian  Ignatius  Latrobe  (1794),  and  Etu-as  furs 
Herz  (1800)  meditations  for  every  day  in  the 
year,  which  passed  through  eight  editions.  He 
died  in  Bethlehem,  Pa.,  April  9.  1814. 

LOSSINQ,  Benson  John,  historian,  was  born 
in  Beekman,  N.Y.,  Feb.  12,  1813;  a  descendant 
of  early  Dutch  settlers  in  the  lower  Hudson  val 
ley.  His  father  died  in  1814,  and  he  was  brought 
up  by  his  mother  in  the  Society  of  Friends.  He 
attended  school  for 
a  short  time  ;  en 
gaged  in  business  as 
a  watchmaker  in 
Poughkeepsie,  N.Y., 
and  in  1835  became 
an  owner  and  editor 
of  the  Poughkeepsie 
Telegraph,  beginning 
the  publication  of  the 
Casket,  a  literary 
journal,  in  1836,  con 
tinuing  his  interest 
in  both  publications 
until  1841.  In  1838, 
after  studying  wood 
engraving  in  New 

York  city,  he  became  editor  and  illustrator 
of  The  Family  Magazine,  the  pioneer  illustrated 
periodical  in  America.  In  partnership  with 
William  Barritt  lie  conducted  the  largest  wood- 
engraving  business  in  New  York  city,  1843-6H. 
He  conceived  and  executed  (1845-50)  "The  Pic 
torial  Field  Book  of  the  Revolution,"  published 
by  Harper  &  Brothers  (30  parts,  1850-52),  visit 
ing  the  historic  localities,  writing  the  text  for 
the  work,  making  the  drawings  on  the  wood, 


[ISO] 


LOTHROP 


LOTHROP 


and  doing  mucli  of  the  engraving.  In  1868  lie 
retired  to  a  farm  near  Dover  Plains,  N.Y.,  and 
devoted  himself  to  historical  research.  He  was 
made  an  honorary  life  member  of  the  Metropoli 
tan  Museum  of  Art,  New  York  city,  in  1844.  He 
received  the  honorary  degree  of  A.M.  from  Ham 
ilton  college  in  18.1(5  and  from  Columbia  in  18(59, 
and  that  of  LL.D.  from  the  University  of  Mich 
igan  in  1872.  Besides  numerous  illustrated  con 
tributions  to  American  and  foreign  periodicals, 
chiefly  on  the  history  and  legends  of  the  Hudson 
river,  he  compiled,  with  Edwin  Williams,  "  The 
Statesman's  Manual  "  (4  vols.,  1868);  edited  and  an 
notated  the  "The  Diaries  of  Washington"  (1859), 
and  "  Recollections  and  Private  Memoirs  of  Wash 
ington  "by  G.  W.  P.  Custis  (1860),  and  is  the 
author  of  a  large  number  of  books,  among  the 
more  important  of  which  are  :  History  of  the 
Fine  Arts  (1840);  Lives  of  the  Presidents  (1847); 
Seventeen  Hundred  and  Seventy-Six  (1847);  lives 
of  Zashary  Taylor  and  Winfield  Scott  (1847); 
The  New  World  (1847):  Biographies  of  the  Sign 
ers  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence  (1848); 
History  of  the  United  States  (1854) ;  Our  Coun 
tryman.  (1833);  Mount  Vsrnon  (1859);  Life  of 
Philip  Schuyler  (2  vols.,  1860);  History  of  the 
Civil  irar(3  vols.,  1866-69);  Home  of  Washing 
ton  (1867);  Fas.s-ar  College  and  Its  Founder  (1867); 
The  Hudson  River  (1867);  Pictorial  Field-Book  of 
the  \Var  of  181?  (18(58) ;  Mary  and  Martha  Wash 
ington  (1868) ;  Tiro  Spies  :  Nathan  Hale  and  John 
^>tdre  (1886) ;  The  Empire  State  (1887).  He  died 
at  Dover  Plains,  N.Y.,  June  3.  1891. 

LOTHROP,  Daniel,  publisher,  was  born  in 
Rochester,  N.H.,  Aug.  11.  1831  ;  son  of  Daniel  and 
Sophia  (Home)  Lothrop  ;  grandson  of  Solomon 
and  Mehitable  (White)  Lothrop,  and  of  Deacon 
Jeremiah  Home,  of  Rochester,  Vt.,  and  a  de 
scendant  of  Mark  Lothrop.  a  native  of  England, 
•who  immigrated  to  America,  settling  in  Salem, 
Mass.,  in  1643  and  in  Bridgew.uter,  Mass.,  in 
1656.  He  was  prepared  for  college,  but  in  1845 
engaged  in  the  drug  business  in  Newmarket, 
N.H.,  and  in  1848  established  two  drug  stores, 
one  in  Newmarket  and  one  in  Laconia.  He  also 
bought  a  book-store  in  Dover,  N.IL.in  1850.  and 
developed  in  his  three  stores  a  large  retail  book 
trade,  adding  to  it  a  jobbing  trade  and  a  small 
publishing  business.  He  opened  a  drug  store  in 
St.  Peter,  Minn.,  shortly  afterward,  and  estab 
lished  a  banking  house  there,  but  returned  east 
in  1857.  He  entered  business  in  Boston,  Mass., 
as  a  publisher  in  1868,  making  a  specialty  of 
literature  for  children  and  youth  by  American 
authors.  He  also  elevated  the  standard  of 
Sunday-school  literature.  In  the  fire  of  1872  he 
lost  heavily.  Wide  Awake,  Babi/land.  The 
Pansy,  Our  Little  Men  and  Women.  Chautauqna 
Young  Folks'  Journal,  and  Best  Tilings,  were  his 


contributions  to  periodical  literature  for  youth. 
He  was  influential  in  organizing  the  American 
Institute  of  Civics.  He  was  married  July  25, 
1860,  to  Ellen  J.,  daughter  of  Joseph  and  Nancy 
Morrill.  of  Dover,  N.H.,  and  secondly  Oct.  4, 
1881,  to  Harriet  Mulford.  daughter  of  Sidney  M. 
and  Harriet  (Mulford)  Stone,  of  New  Haven, 
Conn.  He  died  in  Boston,  Mass..  March  18,  1892. 

LOTHROP,  George  Van  Ness,  diplomatist, 
\vas  born  in  Easton,  Mass.,  Aug.  8.  1817  ;  son  of 
Howard  and  Sally  (Williams)  Lothrop,  and 
a  descendant  of  Mark  Lothrop,  who  came  from 
England  to  Salem,  Mass.,  then  to  Duxbury,  and 
then  to  Bridgewa- 
ter,  previous  to  1660. 
He  passed  his  fresh 
man  year  at  Amherst, 
and  was  graduated 
from  Brown,  A.B., 
in  1828.  He  studied 
at  the  Harvard  Law 
school  for  nearly  a 
year,  and  in  1839, 
owing  to  ill  health, 
joined  his  brother, 
the  Hon.  Edwin  H. 
Lothrop.  on  his  farm 
at  Prairie  Ronde, 
Kalamazoo.  Mich.  In 
1843  he  resumed  the 

study  of  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  Detroit 
bar  in  1844.  He  practised  in  Detroit,  Mich., 
1844-56  ;  was  attorney-general  of  Michigan, 
1848-51  ;  recorder  of  Detroit,  1851  ;  led  the 
Michigan  delegation  at  the  Democratic  national 
convention  at  Charleston,  April  23,  1860,  and  was 
a  member  of  the  state  constitutional  convention 
in  1867.  He  was  the  unsuccessful  Democratic 
candidate  for  U.S.  senator  three  times,  and  for 
representative  in  congress  twice.  He  was  ap 
pointed  U.S.  minister  to  Russia  by  President 
Cleveland  in  1885,  and  resigned  on  account  of 
ill  health  in  1888.  He  was  married  May  13,  1847, 
to  Almira,  daughter  of  Gen.  Oliver  and  Anna 
(Chapin)  Strong,  of  Rochester,  N.Y..  and  of  their 
two  daughters,  Anne  married  Baron  Bartholdi 
Hoyningen-Huene,  of  St.  Petersburg.  Russia,  an 
officer  of  the  Chevalier  Guards,  and  Helen  married 
the  Rev.  Dr.  William  Prall.  of  Detroit,  Mich.  Mr. 
Lothrop  received  the  degree  of  LL.D.  from  Brown 
in  1873.  He  died  at  Detroit.  Mich.,  July  12,  1897. 

LOTHROP,  Harriet  Mulford,  author,  was 
born  in  New  Haven,  Conn.,  June  22.  1844  ;  daugh 
ter  of  Sidney  M.  and  Harriet  (Mulford)  Stone, 
and  a  descendant  in  the  eighth  generation  from 
the  Rev.  Thomas  Hooker,  founder  of  Connecticut. 
She  began  to  contribute  to  juvenile  periodicals 
in  1877.  She  adopted  the  pen  name  "  Margaret 
Sidney  "  and  directed  her  literary  work  to  the 

[131] 


LOTIIROP 


LOUD 


instruction  and  amusement  of  children.  She  was 
married  Oct.  4,  1881,  to  Daniel  Lothrop  (q.  v.), 
and  made  her  summer  home  at  "  Tiie  Wayside," 
Concord.  Mass.  She  was  the  founder  and  first 
president  of  the  National  Society  of  the  Children 
of  the  American  Revolution.  She  is  the  author 
of  :  So  as  by  Fire  (1881)  ;  Fire  Little  Peppers  and 
How  theij  Grew  (1882)  :  Half  Year  at  Bronckton, 
(1882):  The  Pettibone  Xame  (1883)  ;  What  the, 
Seven  Di<l  (1883)  :  \Vh»  told  it  to  Me  (1884)  ; 
Ballad  of  the  Lost  Hare  (18S4):  The  Golden 
West  (1885);  How  Then  Went  to  Europe  (1885)  ; 
Hester,  and  other  New  Eiitjland  Stories  (1886)  ; 
The  Minute-Man  (18S(i)  :  Tiro  Modern  Little 
Prince*  (1887)  ;  Dilli/  and  the  Captain  (1887)  ; 
An.  Adirondack  Cabin  ;  \Vhittier  with  the  Chil 
dren  ;  Old  Concord.  Her  Hiuliwai/s  and.  Byways  : 
A  Little  Maitl  of  Coneonl  Town  ;  A  Historical 
Romance  of  the  American,  Revolution  ;  and  many 
poems. 

LOTHROP,  Samuel  Kirkland,  clergyman,*  was 
born  in  Whitesboro,  X.Y..  Oct.  13,  1804  ;  son  of 
John  Hosmer  and  Jerusha  (Kirkland)  Lothrop  ; 
grandson  of  the  Rev.  Samuel  Kirkland,  mission 
ary  to  the  Oneida  Indians,  who  married  Jerusha 
Bingham  ;  great-grandson  of  the  Rev.  David  and 
Hannah  (Perkins)  Kirkland,  and  a  descendant  of 
the  Rev.  John  Lothrop,  who  came  from  England 
in  1634  and  settled  first  in  Scituate  and  afterward 
in  Barnstable,  Mass.  He  was  virtually  adopted 
by  his  uncle,  the  Rev.  Dr.  John  T.  Kirkland 
(q.v.),  who  assumed  the  charge  of  his  education, 
and  he  was  graduated  from  Harvard,  A.B.,  1825, 
and  B.D.,  1828.  He  preached  in  Washington, 
D.C.,  1828  ;  in  Beverly.  Mass.;  and  was  pastor  of 
the  new  Unitarian  society  at  Dover.  N.H.,  1829- 
34.  He  was  married,  June  3,  1829,  to  Mary  Lyman 
Buckminster.  In  June,  1834,  he  was  inducted 
as  pastor  of  the  Brattle  Square  church,  Boston, 
Mass.,  as  successor  to  the  Rev.  Dr.  Palfrey,  and 
served  until  1876,  when  he  resigned.  Mrs.  Lothrop 
died  Jan.  20,  1859,  and  he  married  secondly, 
Nov.  22,  1869,  Alice  Lindsay,  daughter  of  the  Rev. 
Abner  and  Catherine  (Sedgwick)  Webb.  He 
was  a  delegate  to  the  Massachusetts  constitu 
tional  convention  in  1852,  a  member  of  the  Boston 
school  committee  for  twenty  years,  and  chair 
man  of  the  charitable  society  for  the  relief  of 
the  widows  and  children  of  Congregational 
ministers  in  Massachusetts  and  Maine.  He  was 
an  overseer  of  Harvard,  1847-54;  a  lecturer  in 
the  Harvard  divinity  school,  1871-72  ;  was  elected 
a  member  of  the  Massachusetts  Historical  society 
in  1854  ;  and  served  as  corresponding  secretary 
and  as  president  of  the  Massachusetts  Humane 
society  and  as  a  member  of  the  Society  of  the  Cin 
cinnati  and  of  the  most  important  societies  con 
nected  with  the  Unitarian  church.  He  received 
the  degree  of  D.D.  from  Harvard  in  1852,  and 


that  of  LL.D.  from  Hamilton  in  1885.  He  is  the 
author  of:  Life  of  Samuel  Kirkland,  Missionary 
to  the  Indians,  in  Sparks's  "American  Biogra 
phy,"  and  The  History  of  the  Church  in  Brattle 
Square.  He  died  in  Boston,  Mass.,  June  12,  1886. 

LOTT,  John  Abraham,  jurist,  was  born  in 
Flatbush,  L.I.,  N.Y..  Feb.  11,  1806  ;  son  of  Abra 
ham  and  Maria  (Lott)  Lott  :  grandson  of  Jo 
hannes  E.  and  Catharine  (Vamlerbilt)  Lott :  great 
grandson  of  Englebert  and  Maritie  (Ditmas)  Lott, 
and  a  descendant  of  Peter  Lott,  \vho  came  from 
Europe  in  1652,  settled  in  Flatbush,  and  was  one 
of  the  patentees  named  in  the  patent  granted  by 
Lieutenant-Governor  Thomas  Dongan  in  1685. 
He  was  prepared  for  college  at  Erasmus  Hall 
academy.  Plat  bush,  and  graduated  from  Union 
college  in  1823.  He  was  married  to  his  cousin. 
Catharine,  daughter  of  Jeremiah  and  Lydia 
(Lloyd)  Lott.  After  practising  law  in  New  York 
city  a  short  time  lie  formed  a  partnership  with 
Henry  C.  Murphy,  transferred  his  office  to  Brook 
lyn  and  Judge  John  Vanderbilt  was  afterward 
admitted  to  the  firm.  He  was  county  judge  of 
Kings  county,  1838-42  :  a  member  of  the  state  as 
sembly,  1841  ;  state  senator,  1843-47  ;  judge  of  the 
supreme  court  of  the  state  to  fill  the  unexpired 
term  of  Judge  Rockwell,  1857-61,  and  by  re-elec 
tion  without  opposition,  1861-69.  In  1869  lie  was 
elected  a  judge  of  the  court  of  appeals,  and  not 
long  after,  when  a  commission  of  appeals  had 
been  authorized  to  clear  away  the  accumulation 
of  cases  in  this  court  he  was  made  the  chief  com 
missioner,  an  office  which  he  held  until  1875, 
when  the  commission  expired  by  limitation.  He 
was  appointed  in  1875  a  member  of  a  committee 
to  draft  a  uniform  law  for  the  government  of 
cities  in  the  state  of  New  York.  He  received  the 
degree  of  LL.D.  from  Union  college  in  1859.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  leading  learned  societies  of 
Brooklyn  and  an  officer  of  various  corporations. 
He  died  in  Flatbush,  L.  I.,  N.Y.,  July  20.  1878. 

LOUD,  Eugene  Francis,  representative,  was 
born  in  Abington.  Mass.,  March  12,  1847.  He 
went  to  sea  in  1860,  and  was  in  California  in  1862, 
where  he  enlisted  in  a  cavalry  batallion,  which 
was  joined  to  the  2d  Massachusetts  cavalry,  and 
served  in  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  and  with 
Sheridan  in  the  Shenandoah  valley.  At  the  close 
of  the  war  he  returned  to  California  ;  studied 
law  ;  was  in  the  customs  service  ;  and  engaged 
in  mercantile  business.  He  was  a  representative 
in  the  state  legislature  in  1884  ;  cashier  of  the  city 
and  county  of  San  Francisco  and  a  Republican 
representative  from  the  fifth  district  of  California 
in  the  52d-57th  congresses.  1891-1903. 

LOUD,  Frank  Herbert,  educator,  was  born  in 

Weymouth,  Mass.,  Jan.  26,  1852;  son  of  Francis 

Elliot    and    Mary    Tolman    (Capen)     Loud,    and 

grandson  of  Joseph  and  Thankful  (Bates)  Loud 

2] 


LOUDENSLAGER 


LOUNSBURY 


and  of  Abraham  and  Mary  (Tolnian)  Capen.  His 
father  had  four  ancestors  in  the  Mayflower  com 
pany,  including  Elder  William  Brewster  and  John 
Aldeu,  and  Ins  mother  was  a  descendant  of  Roger 
Clap  of  Dorchester.  He  attended  the  public  schools 
of  Weymouth,  Mass., was  graduated  from  Amherst 
college.  A.B.,  1873,  and  studied  one  year  each  at 
Clark  university,  at  Harvard,  and  at  Haverford 
college,  Pemisylvania.  He  was  Walker  in 
structor  in  mathematics  at  Amherst,  1873-76,  and 
was  elected  professor  of  mathematics  at  Colorado 
college  in  1877.  He  was  married,  July  13,  1882, 
to  Mabel,  daughter  of  Dr.  Martin  and  Emma 
(Danforth)  Wiley  of  Colorado  Springs,  Col.  He 
was  elected  a  fellow  of  the  American  Association 
for  the  Advancement  of  Science,  and  became 
a  member  of  the  American  Mathematical  society 
in  1891.  He  received  the  degree  of  A.M.  from 
Harvard  university  in  1899  and  that  of  Ph.D. 
from  Haverford  college  in  1900.  He  published  : 
An  Introduction  to  Geometry  on  the  Analytical 
Plan  (1880)  and  contributed  to  various  mathe 
matical  journals. 

LOUDENSLAGER,  Henry  Clay,  representa 
tive,  was  born  in  Mauricetown,  Cumberland 
county,  N.J..  May  22,  1<S5',>  ;  son  of  Samuel  Paul 
and  Sarah  (Haley)  Loudenslager,  and  grandson 
of  Jacob  and  Elizabeth  Loudenslager.  He  re 
moved  with  his  parents  to  Paulsboro,  N.J.,  in 
1856,  and  received  a  common  school  education. 
He  worked  on  his  father's  farm  until  1872,  and 
engaged  in  the  produce  commission  business  in 
Philadelphia,  1872-82,  He  was  elected  clerk  of 
Gloucester  county  in  1882  ami  re-elected  in  1887. 
and  was  a  Republican  representative  from  the 
first  district  of  New  Jersey  in  the  53d-57th  con 
gresses,  1893-1903. 

LOUQHLIN,  John,  R.O.  bishop,  was  born  in 
Drumboneff.  county  Down,  Ireland.  Dec.  20, 
1817:  son  of  a  tenant  fanner  who  came  to  the 
United  States  with  his  family  in  1823,  and  settled 
in  Albany,  N.Y.  John  attended  the  public 
schools  ;  a  boarding  school  at  Chambly,  Canada  ; 
Mount  St.  Mary's  college,  Emmitsburg,  Md.  : 
taught  at  Mount  St.  Mary's  for  several  years, 
and  was  ordained  priest  in  St.  Patrick's  cathedral, 
New  York  city,  by  Bishop  Hughes,  Oct.  18,  1840. 
He  was  assistant  in  St.  John's  parish,  Utica,N.Y., 
1840-42  ;  assistant  priest  at  St.  Patrick's  cathe 
dral,  1842-44;  and  rector  there,  1844-53.  He 
was  appointed  vicar-general  of  the  diocese  of 
New  York  in  1849,  and  in  1853  accompanied 
Archbishop  Hughes  to  the  first  plenary  council 
of  Baltimore  as  his  theologian.  He  was  conse 
crated  bishop  of  the  newly  established  diocese 
of  Brooklyn,  in  St.  Patrick's  cathedral.  New 
York,  city,  Oct.  30,  1853,  by  Archbishop  Cajetan 
Bedini.  assisted  by  Bishops  Rappe  and  Fit/pat- 
rick,  and  was  formally  installed  in  St.  James's 


church,  Jay  street,  Brooklyn.  He  built  one 
hundred  and  nine  churches  on  Long  Island, 
and  established  hospitals,  homes,  orphanages, 
convents,  and  academies.  He  purchased  a  city 
block  of  land  on  which  to  erect  a  new  cathedral 
in  18^0.  and  laid  the 
corner  stone  June  21, 

1868.  He     attended 
the    council     of    the 
Vatican   at  Rome   in 

1869,  and      became 
domestic    prelate    to 
the   pope.     He   made 
a     second     visit      to 
Rome     in    1880,     ob 
tained   a  special    au 
dience  with  the  pope, 
and     presented     him 
with  33,000  francs  as 
Peter's    pence     from 
the  diocese  of -Brook 
lyn.     He  was  invited 

to  attend  the  pope's  golden  jubilee,  but  sent 
one  of  the  priests  of  his  diocese  in  his  stead 
with  the  gift  of  an  album  containing  photo 
graphs  of  all  the  churches  and  institutions  of  his 
diocese,  with  data  of  the  progress  of  the  church 
on  Long  Island.  His  own  golden  jubilee  occurred 
in  October,  1890,  and  was  celebrated  four  days. 
He  was  presented  with  a  purse  of  $37,000  with 
which  he  endowed  St.  John's  Theological  semi 
nary.  He  died  in  Brooklyn.  N.Y.,  Dec.  29,  1891. 
LOUQHRIDQE,  William,  representative,  was 
born  in  Youngstown,  Ohio,  July  11,  1827.  He  at 
tended  the  public  school,  studied  law,  and  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in  1849.  He  practised  in  Mans 
field,  Ohio,  1849-52  ;  and  in  Oskaloosa,  Iowa, 
1852-61.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Iowa  senate, 
1857-60  ;  was  judge  of  the  6th  judicial  district  of 
Iowa,  1861-67,  and  a  Republican  representative 
from  the  sixtli  Iowa  district  in  the  40th,  41st 
and  43d  congresses.  1867-71  and  1873-75.  He 
died  near  Reading.  Pa.,  Sept.  26,  1889. 

LOUNSBURY,  George  Edward,  governor  of 
Connecticut,  was  born  in  Poundridge,  West- 
chester  county,  N.Y.,  May  7, 1838  ;  son  of  Nathan 
and  Delia  (Scofield)  Louns- 
bury,  grandson  of  Enos 
Lounsbury,  and  a  descendant 
in  the  sixth  generation  of 
Richard  Lounsbury,  of  Louns- 
bourgh,  England,  who  settled 
at  Stamford,  Conn.,  about 
1651.  He  removed  with  his 
parents  to  Ridgefield,  Conn.,  when  he  was  an 
infant.  He  prepared  himself  for  college,  was 
graduated  from  Yale  with  high  honors  in  1863, 
from  the  Berkeley  Divinity  school.  Middle- 
town,  in  1866  ;  and  in  1867.  with  his  brother 
[133] 


LOUNSBURY 


LOVE 


Phineas  C.  Lounsbury  (q.  v.),  engaged  in  the 
shoe  manufacturing  business  in  South  Nor- 
walk,  Conn.  In  1895  he  was  elected  as  a 
Republican  a  state  senator,  and  was  re-elected  in 
1897  serving  as  chairman  of  the  committees  on 
finance  and  humane  institutions.  In  1898  he  was 
elected  governor  of  Connecticut,  and  served  for 
two  years,  untilJanuary,  1901,  when  he  was  suc 
ceeded  by  George  P.  McLean.  He  received  the 
honorary  degree  of  LL.D.  from  Wesleyan  uni 
versity  in  1900.  He  became  an  acknowledged 
authority  on  the  history  and  legislation  of  the 
state. 

LOUNSBURY,  Phineas  Chapman,  governor  of 
Connecticut,  was  born  in  Ridgefield,  Conn..  Jan. 
10,  1841  ;  son  of  Nathan  and  Delia  (Scofield) 
Lounsbury.  His  father  was  a  farmer.  He  was 
educated  in  the  public  schools  of  Ridgefield,  and 

enlisted  as  a  private 
in  the  17th  Connec 
ticut  volunteer  in 
fantry  in  1861.  He 
was  obliged  to  retire 
from  the  army  on  ac 
count  of  serious  ill 
ness,  and  with  his 
brother,  George  E. 
Lounsbury,  he  en 
gaged  in  the  shoe 
manufacturing  busi 
ness  in  New  Haven 
and  South  Norwalk, 
Conn.  He  was  mar 
ried  in  1867  to  Jennie, 
daughter  of  Neziah 
Wright.  In  1885  he  became  president  of  the 
Merchants'  Exchange  National  bank  of  New 
York  city,  of  which  lie  had  been  a  director  for 
some  years.  He  was  elected  a  Republican  repre 
sentative  in  the  Connecticut  legislature  in  1874, 
and  served  as  speaker.  In  1886  he  was  the  can 
didate  of  the  Republican  party  for  governor  of 
Connecticut,  and  in  the  election,  Nov.  2,  1886.  he 
received  56,920  votes  to  58,818  for  Edward  8. 
Cleveland,  Democrat  ;  4699  for  S.  B.  Forbes,  Pro 
hibitionist,  and  2792  for  H.  C.  Baker,  labor  can 
didate.  There  being  110  choice  by  the  people,  a 
majority  being  necessary,  the  legislature  elected 
the  Republican  state  ticket,  and  Mr.  Lounsbury 
served  as  governor,  1887-89.  He  was  elected  a 
trustee  of  Wesleyan  university  in  1880,  and  re 
ceived  the  degree  of  LL.D.  from  there  in  1887. 

LOUNSBURY,  Thomas  Raynesford,  teacher, 
was  born  in  Ovid.  N.Y.,  Jan.  1.  1838:  son  of  the 
Rev.  Thomas  Lourisburv,  D.D.  (1789-1867).  a 
graduate  of  Union.  1817.  and  Princeton  Theolog 
ical  seminary,  1818;  pastor  at  Ovid.  N.Y.,  1823- 
49,  and  later  agent  for  the  American  Bible  so 
ciety.  Thomas  R.  Lounsbury  was  graduated  from 


Yale  in  1859,  and  was  engaged  editorially  on  Ap- 
pleton's  "  American  Cyclopaedia,''  1859-62.  He 
was  a  volunteer  officer  in  the  civil  war,  1862-65  ; 
an  instructor  in  English  at  Yale,  1870-71  ;  profes 
sor  of  English  there  from  1871,  and  librarian  of 
the  Sheffield  Scientific  school  from  1873.  He  re 
ceived  the  degree  of  A.M.  from  Yale  in  1877  ;  that 
of  LL.D.  from  Yale  in  1892  and  from  Harvard  in 
1893  ;  that  of  L.H.D.  from  Lafayette  in  1895.  and 
that  of  Litt.D.  from  Princeton  in  1896.  He  edited 
Chaucer's  "  Parliament  of  Foules"  (1877),  and  is  the 
author  of  :  History  of  the  English  Language  (1879); 
Biography  of  James  Feinmore  Cooper  (1883); 
Studies  in  Chaucer  (3  vols.,  1891). 

LOVE,  George  Maltby,  soldier,  was  born  in 
Buffalo,  N.Y.,  Jan.  1,  1831.  He  served  three 
months  in  the  21st  N.Y.  militia,  May-August, 
1861  ;  one  year  in  the  44th  N.Y.  volunteers  as 
lieutenant,  participating  in  the  battles  from 
Hanover  Court  House  to  Malvern  Hill  ;  and  as 
major  and  colonel  of  the  116th  N.Y.  volunteers 
from  Sept.  5,  1862,  to  the  close  of  the  war.  He 
commanded  the  regiment  in  the  Department  of 
the  Gulf,  at  the  battle  of  Plain's  Store,  La. ,  May 
21,  1863.  and  at  the  assault  on  Port  Hudson,  La., 
May  27, 1863,  where  he  was  severely  wounded.  He 
was  promoted  to  the  rank  of  colonel,  July  16, 
1863,  and  engaged  in  the  Red  River  campaign, 
his  regiment  being  assigned  to  the  1st  brigade, 
1st  division,  19th  army  corps,  Gen.  W.  B.  Frank 
lin,  taking  part  in  the  battles  of  Sabine  Cross- 
Roads,  April  8,  1864,  Pleasant  Hill,  April  9,  and 
Cane  River,  April  23.  1864.  The  19th  corps,  Gen. 
W.  H.  Emory,  was  then  ordered  to  join  the  Army 
of  the  Potomac,  and  arrived  in  Washington  in 
time  to  take  part  in  repelling  the  invasion  of 
Early.  He  took  part  in  the  battles  of  Winches 
ter,  Sept.  19,  Fisher's  Hill,  Sept,  22,  and  Cedar 
Creek,  Oct.  19,  1864.  He  was  bre vetted  briga 
dier-general  of  volunteers,  March  7,  1865.  for  gal 
lant  and  meritorious  services  at  the  battle  of 
Cedar  Creek,  Va.,  and  also  received  a  bronze 
medal  of  honor  from  the  secretary  of  war.  He 
was  mustered  out  of  the  volunteer  service,  June 
8,  1865,  and  entered  the  regular  service,  March 
7,  1867,  as  3d  lieutenant  in  the  llth  infantry.  He 
was  brevetted  1st  lieutenant.  March  7,  1867,  for 
Plain's  Store  ;  captain  for  Port  Hudson  ;  major 
for  Cedar  Creek,  and  lieutenant-colonel  for  gal 
lant  and  meritorious  services  during  the  war. 
He  was  transferred  to  the  16th  infantry,  April 
14.  1869:  promoted  1st  lieutenant,  March  1.  1875; 
and  was  ret  mid.  March  15.  1883,  for  disability  in 
curred  in  the  lino  of  duty.  He  died  in  Buffalo, 
N.Y. .March  19,  1887. 

LOVE,    James    Madison,  jurist,    was  born   at 

Fairfax  Court   House,  Va..  March  4,  1820:  son  of 

John  T.  and  Mary  (Vermillion)  Love.    His  father 

died  while  he  was  a  mere  lad  and  his  mother  re- 

1184] 


LOVEJOY 


LOVEJOY 


moved  to  Zanesville,  Ohio,  in  1832,  where  he  at 
tended  tiie  academy  three  years  and  then  en 
gaged  in  civil  engineering  with  Samuel  Ryan 
Curtis  (q.v.)  in  charge  of  government  -works  on 
the  Muskinguiu  river,  1837-89.  He  studied  law 
with  his  older  brother,  Thomas  R.  Love,  at  Fair 
fax,  Va.,  one  year,  and  after  completing  his 
course  with  Judge  Stillwell  at  Zanesville  he  be 
gan  practice.  He  raised  a  company  for  service 
in  the  war  with  Mexico,  and  served  as  its  captain, 
1846-47.  He  removed  to  Keokuk,  Iowa,  in  1850, 
and  served  in  the  state  senate  as  chairman  of  the 
judiciary  committee,  18.12-54.  He  was  appointed 
judge  of  the  U.S.  district  court  of  Iowa  by  Pres 
ident  Pierce,  and  served,  1855-91.  In  his  thirty- 
five  years  on  the  bench  but  two  of  his  decisions 
were  reversed  by  the  U.S.  supreme  court.  He 
was  married,  first  to  M.  P.  Thomasson,  of  Louis 
ville,  Ky.,  and  secondly  in  January,  1864,  to  Mary 
Millmrn.  of  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  who  survived  him. 
He  was  professor  of  commercial  law  and  the  law 
of  persons  and  personal  rights  in  the  State  Uni 
versity  of  Io\va,  1878-91,  and  was  chancellor  of 
the  law  department  for  three  years.  He  con 
tributed  to  the  magazines,  and  his  lectures,  ,4  Re 
view  from  a  Laicyer's  Standpoint  of  the  Case,  of 
Sh ylock  against  Antonio  and  Portia  o.s  a  Lawyer, 
were  published  in  the  American  Law  Review. 
He  died  in  Keokuk.  Iowa,  July  2,  1891. 

LOVEJOY,  Elijah  Parish,  abolitionist,  was 
born  in  Albion,  Maine,  Nov.  9,  1802:  son  of  the 
Rev.  Daniel  and  Elizabeth  (Pattee)  Lovejoy,  and 
grandson  of  Francis  Lovejoy,  of  Amherst,  N.H., 
who  settled  in  Albion,  Maine,  in  1790,  and  of  Ebe- 
nezer  and  Mary  (Stimson)  Pattee,  of  Georgetown, 
Maine.  He  was  prepared  for  college  at  the  acad 
emies  at  Monmouth  and  China,  Maine,  and  was 
graduated  from  "Waterville  college  in  1820.  He 
was  principal  of  China  academy,  182G-27,  and  in 
1827  removed  to  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  where  he  en 
gaged  in  teaching.  He  was  editor  and  publisher 
of  the  Times,  a  Whig  newspaper,  in  St.  Louis. 
1828-32;  attended  Princeton  Theological  sem 
inary,  1832-33,  and  was  licensed  to  preach  by  the 
second  presbytery  of  Philadelphia,  April  18, 1833. 
He  established,  edited  and  published  the  St.  Louis 
Obserrer,  a  religious  paper,  the  first  number 
of  which  appeared  Nov.  22,  1833,  and  he  also 
conducted  religious  services.  He  was  married 
March  4,  1835,  to  Helen  Ann  French,  of  St. 
Charles,  Mo.  In  1834  he  had  formally  announced 
himself  an  advocate  of  anti-slavery,  and  in  1835 
began  to  use  his  paper  as  an  anti-slavery  organ. 
His  editorials  created  much  excitement  in  the 
city  and  throughout  the  state,  and  in  October, 
1835,  he  was  requested  by  his  subscribers  to  ab 
stain  from  discussing  the  question  in  his  paper. 
He  replied  "  that  the  free  communication  of 
thoughts  and  opinions  is  one  of  the  invaluable 


rights  of  man,  and  that  every  person  may  freely 
speak,  write  and  print  on  any  subject — being  re 
sponsible  for  the  abuse  of  that  liberty,"  which 
sentiment  became  a  clause  in  the  constitution  of 
the  state  of  Missouri.  The  opposition  in  Missouri 
became  greater,  and  he  was  requested  to  resign 
his  editorship,  which  he  did.  He  removed  to 
Alton,  111.,  where  he  was  elected  moderator  of 
the  Alton  presbytery.  The  office  in  St.  Louis 
was  entered  before  the  outfit  could  be  removed 
and  much  of  the  material  destroyed.  The  print 
ing-office  press  was  not  damaged,  and  was  at 
once  sent  to  Alton,  111.,  where  it  was  destroyed 
by  a  mob  and  thrown  into  the  river.  The  citi 
zens  of  Alton,  regretting  this  act,  furnished 
money  to  purchase  a  new  press,  and  the  Observer, 
with  Mr.  Lovejoy  as  editor,  reappeared  in  the 
summer  of  1836.  The  utterances  of  the  paper 


@ 


LOVEJOYS     FRIAITlAl<$   OFFICE. -ALTO  M,  If.Ul/MOlS 

against  slavery  being  continued,  on  Aug.  21,  1837, 
a  mob  broke  into  the  office  and  completely  de 
stroyed  his  press.  Another  was  bought,  and  on 
September  21  of  that  year  followed  its  predeces 
sor  to  the  bottom  of  the  Mississippi.  Mr.  Lovejoy 
ordered  a  fourth  press  and  resolved  to  fight  the 
opposition  to  the  end.  A  public  meeting  was 
called  and  he  was  urged  to  leave  Alton.  This  he 
refused  to  do,  and  on  Nov.  6,  1837,  a  new  press 
arrived  and  was  placed  in  the  warehouse  of  God 
frey,  Gilman  &  Co.,  and  a  force  of  nineteen  men, 
including  Mr.  Lovejoy,  remained  in  the  ware 
house  to  protect  the  press.  On  the  night  of  Nov. 
7,  1837,  a  mob  attacked  the  warehouse,  and  after 
the  riot  had  apparently  subsided  Mr.  Lovejoy 
opened  the  door  and  received  five  bullet  wounds, 
from  which  he  died  almost  instantly.  A  monu 
ment  to  his  memory  was  dedicated  in  Alton 
Nov.  8,  1897.  He  died  in  Alton.  Nov.  7,  1837. 

LOVEJOY,  Owen,  representative,  was  born  in 
Albion,  Maine,  Jan.  6,  181 1  ;  son  of  the  Rev.  Dan 
iel  and  Elizabeth  (Pattee)  Lovejoy.  He  worked 
on  his  father's  farm,  where  he  earned  sufficient 
money  to  pay  his  way  through  college,  and  en 
tered  Bowdoin  with  the  class  of  1834.  He  left  be 
fore  graduating  to  study  for  orders  in  the  Protes 
tant  Episcopal  church,  but  on  being  required  to 
refrain  from  taking  sides  on  the  question  of  slav- 


[135] 


LOVELL 


LOVELL 


ery,  he  removed  to  Alton,  111.,  in  1836,  and  was 
present  when  his  brother  Elijah  was  killed  by  the 
mob  Nov.  7,  1837.  He  joined  the  Congregational 
church,  studied  for  that  ministry,  and  was  pastor 
of  tlie  church  at  Princeton,  111..  1S3IS-54.  He  de- 
lied  the  laws  of  the 
state  by  holding  anti- 
slavery  meetings  in 
all  parts  of  Illinois, 
making  his  home  in 
Princeton  one  of  the 
principal  stations  of 
the  "  underground 
railroad."  His  course 
led  to  his  arrest  many 
times  and  to  his 
paying  innumerable 
lines.  He  was  elected 
a  representative  in 
the  state  legislature 
in  1854,  and  suc 
ceeded  in  obtaining  a 

repeal  of  the  obnoxious  law.  He  was  a  delegate 
to  the  national  liberty  convention  at  Buffalo  in 
November,  1847,  and  in  the  state  legislature  sup 
ported  the  nomination  of  Abraham  Lincoln  for 
U.S.  senator.  He  was  a  representative  from  the 
third  district  of  Illinois  in  the  35th,  36th,  37th 
and  38th  congresses,  1857-64,  and  died  in  office. 
While  in  congress  he  was  chairman  of  the  com 
mittee  on  agriculture  and  the  District  of  Colum 
bia.  He  took  part  in  all  the  great  debates  on  the 
slavery  question  in  congress,  and  was  a  speaker 
in  the  political  campaigns  which  followed  the 
organization  of  the  Republican  party.  He  pre 
pared  with  his  brother,  Joseph  Cammet,  A  Memoir 
of  the  Life  of  Elijah.  Parish  Lowjoy  (1838).  He 
died  in  Brooklyn,  N.Y.,  March  25,  1864. 

LOVELL,  Charles  Swain,  soldier,  was  born  in 
Hull,  Mass.,  Feb.  13.  1811.  He  enlisted  as  a  pri 
vate  in  the  2d  U.S.  artillery  in  1831.  He  was 
promoted  3d  lieutenant  in  the  6th  U.S.  infan 
try,  October,  1837  ;  1st  lieutenant,  July,  1838  ;  and 
captain,  June,  1846.  He  participated  in  the 
battles  of  Churubuseo,  Molino  del  Rev,  Chapul- 
tepec  and  the  city  of  Mexico  ;  served  in  the  west, 
1847-61  ;  was  promoted  major  in  May,  1861,  and 
assigned  to  the  10th  U.S.  infantry.  He  com 
manded,  the  battalion  of  the  10th  U.S.  infantry 
during  the  Peninsula  campaign  in  1862  ;  and  the 
2d  brigade,  2d  division,  5th  corps  at  the  battles  of 
Malvern  Hill  and  Gaines's  Mill,  the  2d  U.S.  infan 
try  at  Second  Bull  Run  and  the  3d  brigade  at  An- 
tietam  and  Fredericksburg,  Va.  He  was  detailed 
on  provost-marshal  duty  in  Wisconsin,  1863-65  ; 
was  promoted  lieutenant-colonel  and  assigned  to 
the  8th  U.S.  infantry,  January,  1863  :  and  colonel 
of  the  14th  U.S.  infantry,  February,  1865.  He 
was  brevetted  lieutenant-colonel  U.S.  army  for 

[136] 


HAJ.U 

PHILAPELPHIA  ,  PA 
(7/4-  i 


Gaines'sMill,  Va.  ;  colonel  for  Malvern  Hill.  Va.  ; 
and  brigadier-general  for  Antietam,  Md.  At  the 
close  of  the  civil  war  he  was  ordered  to  Fort 
Yuma,  where  he  remained  until  Dec.  15.  1870, 
when  he  was  retired  from  active  service.  He 
died  in  Louisville.  Ky..  Jan.  3,  18T1. 

LOVELL,  James,  delegate,  was  born  in  Boston, 
Mass.,  Oct.  31,  1737  :  sou  of  John  Lovell  (q.v.). 
He  was  graduated  from  Harvard,  A.B.,  1756, 
A.M.,  1759,  and  was  for  many  years  associated 
with  his  father  in  the  Boston  Latin  school,  as 
usher  and  as  master  of  the  North  grammar  school. 
He  delivered,  on  April  2.  1771.  the  first  anniver 
sary  oration  on  the  Boston  massacre.  He  was 
taken  prisoner  by  the  British  commander  after 
the  battle  of  Bunker  Hill  :  was  carried  to  Halifax 
as  a  spy  and  kept  in  close  confinement  until  ex 
changed  in  1776.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  Conti 
nental  con 
gress,  1776- 
82,  and  was 
a  member  of 
the  commit 
tee  of  foreign  H 
correspond- 
e n  c  e  .  He 
was  a  friend 
and  confi 
dant  of  Gen.  Horatio  Gates,  and  tried  to  de 
pose  General  Washington,  threatening  him  in 
a  letter  dated  Oct.  11,  1777.  He  was  collector  of 
customs  for  the  city  of  Boston,  1784-88  ;  collector 
of  the  port,  1788-90,  and  naval  officer  for  Boston 
and  Charlestown,  1790-1814.  He  published: 
Oratio  in  Funert  H.  Flyntii  (1760).  He  died  in 
Wyndham,  Maine,  July  14.  1814. 

LOVELL,  James,  soldier,  was  born  in  Boston. 
Mass.,  July  9,  1758  ;  son  of  James  Lovell,  the  del 
egate,  lie  was  graduated  from  Harvard,  A.B., 
1776,  A.M.,  1779.  He  joined  the  patriot  army  in 
1776  ;  served  as  adjutant  of  Col.  Henry  Jackson's 
regiment,  1777-79  ;  in  Henry  Lee's  legion,  with 
the  rank  of  major,  1779-82.  and  was  wounded. 
He  died  at  St.  Matthews.  S.C.,  July  10.  1850. 

LOVELL,  John,  educator,  was  born  in  Boston, 
Mass.,  June  16,  1710.  He  was  graduated  from 
Harvard,  A.B.,  1728,  A.M.,  1731;  succeeded  Natha 
niel  Williams  as  assistant-master  of  the  Boston 
Latin  school,  1728-34,  and  was  head-master,  173J- 
75.  He  delivered  a  eulogy  on  Peter  Fanenil 
shortly  after  the  completion  of  Fanenil  Hall  at 
the  first  annual  town  meeting  held  within  its 
walls,  March  14,  1743.  He  supported  the  British 
cause,  and  when  the  British  army  left  Boston 
he  removed  to  Halifax.  N.S.  He  is  the  author 
of:  An,  En.Jof/i/  on  Peter  F<nievil  (1713),  besides 
several  political  and  theological  papers,  and  con 
tributions  to  the  Boston  Weekly  Rehearsal.  He 
died  in  Halifax,  N.S.,  in  1778. 


LOVELL 


LOVE  RING 


LOVELL,  John  Prince,  manufacturer,  was 
born  in  East  Brain  tree.  Mass.,  July  25,  1820  ;  son 
of  John  Prince  and  Esther  (Derby)  Lovell.  His 
ancestors,  John  and  J;uie  (Hatch)  Lovell,  were 
residents  of  Weymouth,  Mass.,  previous  to  1678, 
in  which  year  they  removed  to  Barnstable,  Mass. 
His  father  died  in  1821,  and  he  was  obliged  to 
leave  school  and  work  in  a  cotton  factory.  He 
removed  to  Boston  with  his  mother  in  1832  and 
attended  the  Hawkins  grammar  school  one  year. 
He  was  employed  by  Aaron  B.  Fairbanks  in  his 
gunsmith  shop  for  three  months,  and  was  subse 
quently  an  apprentice  to  Mr.  Fairbanks,  gun 
smith,  until  his  majoritj'.  In  1839  he  was  made 
foreman  of  the  shop,  and  in  18-10  was  offered  a 
partnership  in  the  business.  Mr.  Fairbanks  agree 
ing  to  give  him  half-interest  and  to  furnish  the 
amount  of  capital  required.  Upon  Mr.  Fair- 
banks's  death,  Aug.  27,  1841,  with  Leonard  Grover, 
a  fellow-workman  in  the  shop,  Mr.  Lovell  ac 
quired  the  entire  plant,  and  the  firm  became 
Lovell  &  Grover.  In  1844  Lovell  bought  out  his 
partner's  interest,  and  with  his  sons  built  up  the 
John  P.  Lovell  Arms  Co.,  of  which  he  was  presi 
dent  and  which  became  one  of  the  most  impor 
tant  business  enterprises  in  Boston.  He  was  the 
first  president  of  the  East  Weymouth  Savings 
bank  for  ten  years  and  a  director  of  the  Wey 
mouth  National  bank  for  twenty  years.  He  was 
a  representative  in  the  state  legislature  in  1864, 
and  refused  the  nomination  for  state  senator. 
He  was  married,  Aug.  17,  1841,  to  Lydia  D. 
Whiton.  of  Weymouth.  Mass.  To  this  union  was 
born  five  sons — John  Whiton,  Benjamin  S.  (1845- 
1900);  Thomas  P..  Warren  D..  and  George  A. 
Lovell.  His  second  marriage  was  to  Lucinda  W. 
Rice,  who  had  one  son,  Henry  L.  Lovell.  Mr. 
Lovell  died  at  Cottage  City,  Mass.,  July  29,  1897. 

LOVELL,  Mansfield,  soldier,  was  born  in 
Washington,  D.C.,  Oct.  20,  1822;  son  of  Dr.  Jo 
seph  Lovell.  He  was  graduated  from  the  U.S. 
Military  academy  in  1842  and  was  commissioned 
2d  lieutenant  in  the  4th  artillery.  He  served  in 
garrison  until  the  beginning  of  the  war  with 
Mexico  ;  was  promoted  first  lieutenant  Feb.  16, 
1847,  and  served  on  the  staff  of  Gen.  John  A. 
Qnitman  as  assistant  adjutant-general  of  his 
division.  He  participated  in  the  principal  battles 
of  the  war,  was  severely  wounded  at  the  Belen 
Gate,  Sept.  14.  1847.  and  was  brevetted  captain 
for  gallant  and  meritorious  conduct  at  Chapulte- 
pec,  Sept.  K5,  1847.  He  was  on  garrison  duty  in 
various  places.  1849-54.  He  was  married  to 
Kiuily  M..  daughter  of  Col.  Joseph  Plympton, 
U.S.A.  ;  resigned  his  commission  in  the  arm}'  in 
1854,  and  engaged  in  mercantile  business  in  New 
York  city,  1854-58.  He  was  elected  superintend 
ent  of  street  improvements  in  New  York  in  1858, 
and  was  deputy  street  commissioner,  1858-61. 


He  was  appointed  major-general  in  the  Confed 
erate  army  in  1861,  and  was  in  command  at  New 
Orleans,    La.     On   June    15,   1862,    he   impressed 
fourteen  river  steamboats  for  the  public  service 
and  converted  them  into  a  flotilla  of  rams  for  the 
defence   of    the   Mis 
sissippi.      Lovell    af 
terward      designated 
them :      "  too     much 
steamboat     and     too 
little    man-of-war   to 
be    effective."     After 
the       evacuation     of 
New  Orleans  he  mov 
ed  his  troops  to  Vicks- 
burg,  where   he  com 
manded   the    district 
of      the     Mississippi 
until   superseded    by 
General     Van     Dorii 
in    July,    1862.       He 
was   second   in   com 
mand  at  the  battle  of  Corinth,  Oct.  3-4.  1862.  Ids 
division  holding  the  right  of  the  line  of  battle, 
and  he  commanded  the  rearguard  in  the  retreat. 
He  was  then  relieved  from  duty  in  the  field,  and 
to  justify  his  action  in  the  capitulation  of  New 
Orleans  he  applied  for  a  court  of   inquiry,  and 
was  acquitted.     He  afterward  served  as  a  volun 
teer  staff  officer  to  Gen.  J.  E.  Johnston,  in  com 
mand  before  Atlanta.  Ga..  and  at  the  close  of  the 
war  he  retired  to  New  York  city,  where  he  en 
gaged  as  a  civil  engineer  and  surveyor  until  his 
death.     He  died  in  New  York  city.  June  1,  1884. 

LOVERINQ,  Henry  Bacon,  representative, 
was  born  in  Portsmouth,  N.H.,  April  8, 18-11  ;  son. 
of  John  G.  and  Mary  A.  (Martin)  Lovering  ; 
grandson  of  John  and  Abigail  Bromfield  (Gil- 
man)  Lovering,  of  Exeter,  N.H.,  and  a  descend 
ant  of  John  Rogers,  burned  at  the  stake,  1555. 
His  mother  dying  in  1844,  his  father  removed  to- 
Lynn,  Mass.,  and  he  was  educated  in  the  public; 
schools  there,  and  in  1855  learned  the  trade  of 
shoemaking.  He  was  color-corporal  in  Company 
D.  8th  Massachusetts  volunteers,  1862-63,  and  a 
private  and  company  clerk  in  Company  C,  3:1 
Massachusetts  cavalry,  1864-65,  losing  a  leg  at 
Winchester,  Va.,  Sept.  19,  1864.  He  was  married, 
Dec.  25,  1865,  to  Abby  J..  daughter  of  Harrison 
and  Eliza  J.  (Brown)  Clifford,  of  Lynn,  Mass. 
He  engaged  in  manufacturing  shoes  in  Lynn  ; 
represented  Essex  county  in  the  Massachusetts 
legislature  in  1872  and  1874  ;  was  a  member  of  the 
board  of  assessors  of  Lynn,  1879-80,  and  mayor  of 
Lynn,  1881-82.  He  was  a  representative  from  the 
6th  Massachusetts  district  in  the  48th  and  49th 
congresses,  1883-87  ;  was  chairman  of  the  Demo 
cratic  state  convention  in  1886,  and  the  Demo 
cratic  nominee  for  governor  of  Massachusetts  in 

[137] 


LOVERING 


LOW 


1887.  He  was  U.S.  marshal  for  the  district  of 
Massachusetts,  1888-91  ;  president  of  the  3d  Mas 
sachusetts  Cavalry  association,  1888-89  ;  warden 
of  the  Massachusetts  state  prison,  1891-93,  and 
U.S.  pension  agent  at  Boston,  Mass.,  1894-98. 
He  became  a  member  of  the  corporation  of  the 
College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  of  Boston. 

LOVERING,  Joseph,  educator,  was  born  in 
Boston,  Mass.,  Dec.  25,  1813  ;  son  of  Robert  and 
Elizabeth  Simonds  (Young)  Lovering.  He  was 
graduated  with  honors  from  Harvard,  A.B.,  1833, 
A.M.,  1836  ;  was  a  teacher  in  Cliarlestown,  Mass., 

1833-35  ;  studied  at 
Harvard  divinity 
school,  1835-37  ;  was 
instructor  of  mathe 
matics  at  Harvard, 
1835-38 ;  tutor  and 
lecturer  on  mathema 
tics  and  natural  his 
tory,  1836-38;  and 
succeeded  Professor 
Farrar  as  Hollis  pro 
fessor  of  mathematics 
and  natural  philoso 
phy,  serving,  1838- 
88.  when  he  resigned 
and  was  made  pro 
fessor  emeritus.  He 

was  regent  pro  tempore  of  the  college,  1853-54  ; 
succeeded  Professor  Cornelius  Con  way  Felton 
as  regent,  serving.  1857-70  ;  and  was  director  of 
the  Jefferson  physical  laboratory,  1884-88.  He  was 
connected  with  the  U.S.  coast  survey,  1867-76, 
having  charge  of  the  computations  for  determin 
ing  transatlantic  longitude  from  telegraphic 
observations  on  cable  lines.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  American  Philosophical  society,  and  of  the 
National  Academy  of  Science  ;  was  elected  sec 
retary  of  the  American  Association  for  the  Ad 
vancement  of  Science  in  1854,  and  president  in 
1873  ;  corresponding  secretary  of  the  American 
Academy  of  Arts  and  Sciences,  1869-73,  vice- 
president,  1873-80,  and  president,  1880-87  ;  and 
was  also  a  member  of  the  Peabody  Museum  of 
Archaeology  and  Ethnology.  The  degree  of  LL.D. 
was  conferred  on  him  by  Harvard  in  1879. 
He  delivered  108  lectures  on  astronomy  and 
physics  before  the  Lowell  Institute  in  Boston, 
and  shorter  series  in  Baltimore,  Washington,  and 
various  New  England  towns.  He  prepared  a  new 
edition  of  Farrar's  "  Electricity  and  Magnetism" 
(1842)  ;  fifteen  volumes  of  the  Proceedings  of  the 
American  Association  for  the  Advancement  of 
Science  ;  was  associated  with  Benjamin  Pierce 
in  the  publication  of  the  Cambridge  Miscellany  of 
Mathematics  and  Pltysics,  and  is  the  author  of 
Aurora  Borealis  (1873).  He  died  in  Cambridge, 
Mass.,  Jan.  18,  1892. 


LOVERING,  William  C.,  representative,  was 
born  in  Woonsocket,  R.I.,  where  his  parents 
were  temporarily  residing,  in  1835  ;  son  of 
Willard  (1801-67)  and  Susan  (Longhead)  Lovering 
of  Taunton,  Mass.,  and  grandson  of  William  and 
Mehitable  (Clafflin)  Lovering  of  Holliston,  Mass, 
He  was  educated  at  Taunton,  the  Cambridge  high 
school  and  the  Hopkins  classical  school,  and  en 
gaged  in  the  manufacture  of  cotton  goods  with 
his  father  and  brothers  Charles  L.  and  Henry 
M.  in  Taunton,  Mass.  On  the  retirement  of  his 
father  in  1864  he  became  president  and  manager 
of  the  Whittenton  Mills  which  in  1880,  was  incor 
porated  as  the  Whittenton  Manufacturing  Co.  of 
Taunton.  He  was  also  interested  in  several  other 
manufacturing  industries.  He  was  a  volunteer 
in  the  U.S.  engineer  corps  at  Fort  Monroe  dur 
ing  the  civil  war,  but  left  the  service  on  ac 
count  of  ill  health.  He  was  state  senator, 
1874-75  ;  a  delegate  to  the  Republican  national 
convention  in  Chicago.  June  2,  1880;  and  was 
a  Republican  representative  from  the  twelfth 
district  of  Massachusetts  in  the  55th,  56th  and 
57th  congresses,  1897-1903. 

LOVETT,  John,  representative,  was  born  in 
Newent  Society,  Norwich  (now  Lisbon),  Conn., 
about  1760  ;  a  descendant  of  an  English  family 
that  settled  as  early  as  1640  on  the  Quinnebaug 
river,  Connecticut.  He  was  prepared  for  college 
at  Lebanon  academy,  and  was  graduated  at  Yale 
in  1782.  He  studied  law  in  Albany,  N.Y.,  and 
was  a  lawyer  at  Fort  Miller,  N.Y.  He  was  mar 
ried  about  1786  to  Nancy,  daughter  of  Gen.  Samuel 
McClellan,  of  Woodstock,  Conn.  He  removed 
to  Lansingburg,  N.Y.,  and  thence  to  Argyle, 
Washington  county,  where  he  practised  law, 
1789-1807.  He  was  a  member  of  the  state  assem 
bly  for  Rensselaer  county  before  1789,  and  in  1807 
removed  to  Albany,  N.Y.,  where  he  continued 
the  practice  of  law,  and  was  clerk  of  the  common 
council  of  the  city.  In  1812  he  became  aide  and 
military  secretary  to  Gen  .Stephen  Van  Rensselaer, 
serving  in  the  Northwest.  He  was  a  represen 
tative  in  the  13th  and  14th  congresses,  1813-17. 
He  then  removed  to  Fort  Meigs,  Ohio,  where,  in 
connection  with  Dr.  JosephusB.  Stewart  he  built 
the  first  steamboat  that  navigated  Lake  Erie. 
He  purchased  the  site  and  commenced  the  settle 
ment  of  Perrysburg,  near  Fort  Meigs,  Ohio, 
where  he  died  Aug.  12,  1818. 

LOW,  Abiel  Abbot,  merchant,  was  born  in 
Salem,  Mass.,  Feb.  7,  1811  ;  son  of  Seth  and  Mary 
(Porter)  Low.  He  attended  the  public  schools 
of  Salem,  and  was  employed  in  the  mercantile 
house  of  Joseph  Howard  &  Co.  In  1829  he  re 
moved  to  Brooklyn,  N.Y.,  where  his  father  had 
already  settled,  and  became  associated  with  him 
in  the  importing  business.  In  1833  he  went  to 
China,  became  a  clerk  in  the  firm  of  Russell  & 


[138] 


LOW 


LOW 


Co.,  the  leading  tea  merchants  of  Canton,  and 
in  1837  became  a  member  of  the  firm.  He  re 
turned  to  New  York  in  1840,  established  himself 
in  the  China  trade,  subsequently  taking  his 
brother,  Josiah  O.  Low,  into  partnership,  and 
later  his  brother-in-law,  Edward  H.  R.  Lyman. 
The  firm  of  A.  A.  Low  &  Bros,  was  regarded  as 
the  leading  mercantile  house  in  the  United 
States  engaged  in  the  China  trade.  He  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  New  York  chamber  of 
commerce  in  1846,  and  was  its  president  in  1863 
and  1866.  He  was  treasurer  of  the  Union  defence 
committee  of  New  York  ;  a  member  of  the  war 
fund  committee  of  Brooklyn,  and  president  of 
the  committee  appointed  to  aid  the  sanitary  ser 
vice,  1861-65.  He  was  president  of  the  board  of 
trustees  of  the  Packer  institute  ;  a  liberal  con 
tributor  to  the  library  and  scientific  apparatus  of 
the  institute  ;  and  a  supporter  of  many  charitable, 
religious  and  educational  institutions  in  Brooklyn 
arid  New  York  city.  He  was  married  in  1841  to 
Ellen  Almira,  daughter  of  Josiah  and  Maria 
(Phippen)  Dow,  who  died  in  1850  ;  and  secondly, 
in  1851,  to  Ann  Davison  (Bedell)  Low,  widow 
of  his  brother.  Willis  Henry  Low.  His  sons, 
Abbot,  Augustus  and  Seth,  succeeded  him  in 
business.  Upon  the  death  of  his  daughter 
Harriette  in  1885,  he  erected  the  St.  Phoebe  Mis 
sion  in  Brooklyn  to  her  memory.  Although  his 
sons  were  Episcopalian.  Mr.  Low  was  himself  a 
Unitarian,  and  the  funeral  services  were  held  at 
the  church  of  the  First  Unitarian  society  in 
Brooklyn,  by  the  Rev.  Dr.  Putnam,  of  Concord, 
N.H..  former  pastor  of  the  church.  He  died  at 
Ids  home  in  Brooklyn,  N.Y.,  Jan.  7,  1893. 

LOW,  Frederick  Ferdinand,  governor  of  Cali 
fornia,  was  born  in  Frankfort,  Maine,  June  30, 
1828.  He  attended  school  at  Frankfort  and 
Hampton  academy,  and  entered  mercantile  busi 
ness  in  Boston,  Mass.,  in  1840.  He  went  to 
California  in  1849  and  engaged  in  mining ;  in 
the  shipping  business  in  San  Francisco,  with 
Henry  Lambert  and  later  with  his  two  brothers, 
and  removed  to  Marysville.  Cal.,  in  1855  and  en 
gaged  in  banking.  He  was  a  Republican  repre 
sentative  from  California  in  the  37th  congress, 
1861-63  ;  was  appointed  collector  of  the  port  of 
San  Francisco  in  1863,  and  during  the  same  year 
was  elected  governor  of  California,  serving  1864- 
67.  He  was  U.S.  minister  to  China,  1867-74,  and 
at  the  time  of  the  sacking  of  the  missions  and 
massacre  of  missionaries  at  Tien  Tsin.  he  se 
verely  criticised  the  emperor  of  China  and  forced 
him  to  recognize  the  power  of  foreign  ministers 
to  protect  their  citizens  engaged  as  missionaries, 
and  was  one  of  the  first  foreigners  to  be  admitted 
into  the  presence  of  the  emperor.  In  February, 
1871,  lie  was  empowered  to  negotiate  with  the 
empire  of  Corea  for  the  protection  of  shipwrecked 


CARPENTER'S  HALX 


E) 


seamen,  and  for  a  treaty  of  commerce  and  navi 
gation.  For  his  services  iii  behalf  of  Catholic 
missions  Mr.  Low  was  publicly  thanked  by  the 
pope.  Upon  his  resignation  as  U.S.  minister,  he 
became  chief  manager  of  the  Anglo-Californian 
bank.  He  was  one  of  the  incorporators  and  a 
director  of  the  California!!  Steam  Navigation 
company  in  1854.  and  was  interested  in  the  cul 
tivation  of  sugar  in  the  Hawaiian  Islands.  He 
died  in  San  Francisco,  Cal..  July  21.  1894. 

LOW,  Isaac,  merchant,  was  born  in  his  father's 
mansion  on  the  Raritan  river,  near  New  Bruns 
wick,  N.J.,  April  13,  1731  ;  son  of  Cornelius,  Jr., 
and  Johanna  (Gouverneur)  Low  ;  grandson  of 
Cornelius  and  Margaretha  (Van  Borsom)  Lowe, 

and  of  Isaac  and 
Sarah  (Staats) 
Gouverneur  ;  a 
descendant  of 
Peter  Cornel- 
lessen  Lowe  of 
Holstein.  Ger 
many,  who  ap 
peared  in  Eso- 
ipus,  N.Y.,  in 
1659  and  mar 
ried  Elizabeth 
Blanchaii  ;  of 
Egbert  Van  Borsom,  a  native  of  Amsterdam, 
Holland,  who  was  in  New  Amsterdam  (New 
York),  in  1644,  married  Annekin  Hendricks, 
and  operated  the  ferry  between  New  York  and 
Brooklyn,  1655-63  ;  and  of  Nicholas  Gouverneur, 
a  French  refugee  to  Holland  and  thence  to  New 
Amsterdam  before  1663,  who  married  Machtelt 
De  Reimer,  daughter  of  Isaac  and  Lisbeth  Gre- 
venraet  and  granddaughter  of  Metje  Grevenraet, 
widow,  who  came  from  Amsterdam  before  1632. 
Isaac  Low  was  a  partner  with  Abraham  Lot  in 
the  importing  dry  goods  and  fur  business  and  he 
built  up  an  immense  fur  trade  through  the  influ 
ence  of  the  Schuylers,  and  owned  large  tracts  of 
land  in  Montgomery  county,  N.Y.  He  married 
Margrieta,  daughter  of  Cornelius  and  Catharine 
(Schuyler)  Cuyler  of  Albany,  July  17,  1760,  and 
built  "an  elegant  mansion"  on  Dock  Street, 
New  York  city.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  Stamp 
Act  congress  of  1765 ;  made  speeches  against 
taxation  without  representation  ;  was  chairman 
of  the  first  and  second  committees  of  fifty  to 
correspond  with  the  colonies  ;  a  delegate  to  the 
general  congress  of  all  the  colonies.  Philadel 
phia,  Sept.  5,  1774,  and  was  elected  to'  the 
Continental  congress  to  assemble  May  10,  1775. 
On  April  29,  1775,  he  urged  the  people  to  form  a 
compact  body  '•  to  prevent  mobs,  to  support  the 
civil  authority  and  to  defend  the  rights  and  lib 
erties  of  the  people  against  the  unjust  claims  of 
the  British  ministry,''  closing  his  address  by  say- 


LOW 


LOW 


ing  that  although  a  member  of  the  Church  of 
England  "  lie  damned  the  King,  cursed  the 
ministry  and  insisted  that  all  who  refused  to 
sign  the  '  articles  of  agreement '  should  be  pub 
lished  as  the  enemies  of  America  and  the  rights 
of  mankind."  He  was  colonial  treasurer  and 
president  of  the  chamber  of  commerce.  To  the 
surprise  of  the  patriots,  in  the  spring  of  1776,  just 
after  the  battle  of  Lexington,  he  suddenly  an 
nounced  his  opposition  to  any  efforts  to  obtain 
independence  and  his  belief  that  "  we  ought  not 
to  deny  the  just  rights  of  our  mother  country." 
He  used  his  official  positions  to  assist  the  mi 
litary  authorities  and  he  welcomed  the  British 
armies  when  they  took  possession  of  the  city. 
On  Oct.  22,  1779,  he  was  attainted  of  treason  by 
the  legislature  of  New  York,  his  property  was 
confiscated  and  his  person  banished  from  the 
state.  He  fled  to  England,  and  his  only  son 
Isaac  became  commissary-general  in  the  Royal 
army.  His  brother  Nicholas,  father  of  Henrietta 
Lowe,  wife  of  Dr.  Charles  King  (q.v.),  president 
of  Columbia  college,  was  also  a  prominent  mer 
chant  in  New  York,  and  remained  true  to  the 
patriot  cause,  being  a  member  of  the  state  legisla 
ture  and  a  delegate  to  the  state  convention  at 
Pouglikeepsie,  June  17,  1788,  that  deliberated  on 
adopting  the  Federal  constitution.  Isaac  Low 
died  at  Covves,  Isle  of  Wight,  England,  in  1791. 

LOW,  Philip  Burrill,  representative,  was  born 
in  Chelsea,  Mass.,  May  6,  1836;  son  of  Francis 
and  Reliance  (Cobb)  Low  ;  grandson  of  Jennison 
and  Dinah  (Haynes)  Low,  and  of  Philip  and 
Reliance  (Burrill)  Cobb,  and  a  descendant  of 
Francis  Low  of  Cape  Ann,  whose  ancestor  fought 
in  the  Colonial  and  Indian  wars,  and,  through  the 
Cobbs,  of  Stephen  Hopkins,  the  pilgrim.  His 
father  was  a  shipmaster.  He  was  graduated 
from  the  high  school,  and  adopted  the  profession 
of  his  father.  In  1862  he  volunteered  in  the  U.S. 
navy  and  was  appointed  ensign,  serving  in  the 
North  Atlantic  squadron,  1862-63.  He  engaged 
in  mercantile  business  in  Boston,  1863-65,  and  in 
the  latter  year  removed  to  New  York  city,  where 
he  became  identified  with  shipping  and  maritime 
interests.  He  organized  and  was  the  first  com 
mander  of  the  New  York  state  naval  militia.  He 
was  a  Republican  representative  from  the  fif 
teenth  New  York  district  in  the  54th  and  55th 
congresses,  1895-99. 

LOW,  Seth,  educator,  was  born  in  Brooklyn, 
"X.Y.,  Jan.  18,  1850  ;  son  of  Abiel  Abbot  and 
Ellen  Almira  (Dow)  Low,  and  grandson  of 
Seth  and  Mary  (Porter)  Low.  He  attended 
the  Brooklyn  Polytechnic  institute  until  1866, 
and  was  graduated  from  Columbia  college  in 
1870.  He  entered  his  father's  mercantile  house 
as  a  clerk,  and  was  admitted  to  a  partnership  in 
the  firm  in  1875.  Upon  the  retirement  of  the 


senior  members  he  succeeded  to  the  business 
with  other  junior  partners,  in  1879  ;  the  business 
was  finally  liquidated  in  1888.  He  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  New  York  chamber  of  commerce, 
before  which  body  he  made  several  important 
addresses.  He  en 
listed  as  a  volunteer 
visitor  to  the  poor  in 
1876,  in  a  movement 
which  reformed  and 
subsequently  abolish 
ed  the  system  of  out 
door  relief  in  Kings 
county,  and  in  1878 
he  organized  and  was 
first  president  of  the 
Bureau  of  Charities. 
He  was  married  Dec. 
9,  1880,  to  Annie, 
daughter  of  Benjamin 
R.  Curtis,  of  Boston. 
He  was  president 

of  a  Republican  campaign  club  organized  in 
Brooklyn  in  1880  to  promote  the  election  of 
Garfield  and  Arthur,  and  the  conspicuous  success 
of  the  organization  in  swelling  the  party  vote 
brought  its  president  into  public  view.  He  was. 
elected  mayor  of  Brooklyn  in  1881  as  a  reform 
candidate,  and  re-elected  in  1883,  serving  until 
1886.  He  was  the  first  mayor  to  introduce  the 
system  of  competitive  examination  for  appoint 
ment  to  municipal  offices.  Upon  the  expiration 
of  his  term  of  office  he  visited  Europe.  He 
was  elected  a  trustee  of  Columbia  college  in  1881, 
and  president  of  the  college,  Oct.  7,  1889.  During 
his  administration  the  college  became  a  univer 
sity,  the  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  was 
incorporated  with  the  university  and  the  School 
of  Mines  was  broadened  into  the  Schools  of 
Applied  Science.  An  entire  new  set  of  buildings 
was  erected  Cor  the  university  on  a  new  site  on 
Morningside  Heights  at  a  cost  of  about  $7,500.000. 
In  1894  he  gave  for  the  endowment  of  the  Henry 

<  O  U  U  /-\  B  I  A       UAMVERSITY 


Drisler  classical  fund,,  in  memory  of  his  old 
professor,  $10.000.  In  1895  he  gave  $1,100.000  for 
the  erection  of  a  new  tmiversity  library  :  and  in 
honor  of  his  munificence  the  trustees  established 
twelve  scholarships  in  the  college  for  Brooklyn 
[140] 


LOW 


boys,  and  twelve  in  Barnard  college  for  Brooklyn 
girls,  and  agreed  to  establish  eight  annual  uni 
versity  scholarships.  In  1896  lie  gave  $10,000  to 
Barnard  college  and  $5000  to  the  New  York  Kin 
dergarten  association.  In  1893,  during  the  threat 
ened  cholera  epidemic,  he  was  chairman  of  a 
committee  appointed  by  the  New  York  chamber 
of  commerce  to  aid  the  authorities  in  precau 
tionary  measures,  and  Camp  Low.  named  after 
him,  was  established  at  Sandy  Hook  by  the 
national  government.  He  became  a  student  of 
social  science  and  a  frequent  arbitrator  of  labor 
disputes.  With  his  brother,  Abbot  Augustus  Low, 
he  built  in  1894,  and  presented  to  the  mission 
station  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal  church  in 
Wu  Chang,  China,  a  completely  equipped  hos 
pital  for  the  use  of  the  mission,  erected  to  per 
petuate  the  memory  of  his  father.  He  succeeded 
Charles  P.  Daly,  deceased,  as  president  of  the 
American  Geographical  society  in  1900,  and  also 
served  as  president  of  the  Archaeological  Institu 
tion  of  America,  and  as  vice-president  of  the 
New  York  Academy  of  Science.  The  honorary 
degree  of  LL.D.  was  conferred  on  him  by  Amherst 
college  in  1889,  by  Harvard  university,  the 
University  of  the  State  of  New  York,  the  Univer 
sity  of  Pennsylvania,  and  Trinity  college,  Con 
necticut,  in  1890,  by  Princeton  in  1896  and  by  Yale 
in  1901.  He  resigned  the  presidency  of  Columbia 
university  in  1901,  upon  his  election  as  mayor  of 
the  city  of  New  York,  and  was  succeeded  by  Dr. 
Nicholas  Murray  Butler  (q.v.),  who  was  inaugu 
rated  in  May.  190'3. 

LOW,  Will  Hicok,  artist,  was  born  in  Albany, 
N.Y.,  May  31,  1853  ;  son  of  Addison  and  Elvira 
(Steele)  Low,  and  grandson  of  Samuel  Steele. 
His  father  was  a  constructing  engineer  and  an 
inventor.  The  son  attended  school  very  little,  on 
account  of  delicate  health,  and  spent  most  of  his 
time  in  drawing.  In  1870  he  sold  a  sketcli  to  the 
New  York  Independent  for  $50,  and  soon  after 
settled  in  New  York,  where  he  drew  for  Apple- 
ton's  Journal,  the  Hearth,  and  Home,  and  other 
periodicals,  1870-72.  In  1872  lie  exhibited  a 
small  oil  painting  at  the  National  Academy 
of  Design.  In  1873  he  went  to  Paris,  where  he 
studied  first  \inder  Gerome  and  later  under 
Carolus  Duran.  In  1874  he  met  Robert  Louis 
Stevenson,  who  became  his  closest  friend.  He 
was  married  in  1875  to  Bertha  Eugene  Marie 
Julienne,  of  Paris.  In  1870  he  first  exhibited  at 
the  Salon,  his  subject  being  "  Reverie,''  and  the 
following  year  he  sent  a  large  painting  of  Albani 
as  Lucia  de  Lammermoor,  painted  from  life, 
and  also  "  Le  Jour  des  Morts."  He  returned  to 
America  in  1877  and  opened  a  studio  in  New 
York  city,  where  he  occasionally  made  illustra 
tions  for  books  and  magazines.  He  was  a  teacher 
in  the  antique  and  life  classes  of  the  'Woman's 


Art  school.  Cooper  Union,  1883-85,  and  in  the 
schools  of  the  National  Academy  of  Design, 
1889-92.  He  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the 
Society  of  American  Artists,  1877,  and  was  made 
a  National  Academician  in  1890.  His  more  im 
portant  illustrations 
are  the  drawings  for 
Keats's  "  Lamia ''and 
"Odes and  Sonnets" 
(1885)  ,and  a  selection 
of  the  drawings  from 
these  works  received 
award  of  a  silver 
medal  at  the  Paris 
Exposition  in  1889. 
His  first  mural  paint 
ing  was  done  in  1881, 
when  he  assisted  John 
La  Farge  in  decorat 
ing  the  Vanderbilt 
houses  ;  and  his  sub 
sequent  works  in 

this  line  include  :  a  ceiling  for  the  reception- 
room  of  the  Waldorf  hotel,  New  York  city, 
1892  ;  four  panels  in  the  music-room  of  C.  T. 
Yerkes's  residence,  New  York,  1896,  and  twenty 
panels  for  the  concert  hall  and  ball-room  of 
the  Waldorf-Astoria  hotel,  1897.  He  designed 
a  series  of  ten  stained-glass  windows  for  St. 
Paul's  Methodist  Episcopal  church,  Newark, 
N.J.  ;  the  diploma  of  awards  for  the  Columbian 
exposition,  1893  ;  several  silver  certificates  for 
the  U.S.  government,  and  many  stained-glass 
windows  for  large  churches  throughout  the  coun 
try.  Besides  the  works  already  mentioned,  his 
more  noteworthy  achievements  include  :  Calling 
Home  the  Cou-s  (1880);  Skipper  Ireson's  Ride 
(1881)  ;  Arcades  (1882);  Telling  the  Bees  (1884); 
Dolce  Far  Niente  ;  In  a  Paris  Garden  ;  Tlie 
Beautiful  Book;  My  Lady;  Aurora  (1895). 
He  is  the  author  of  numerous  articles,  chiefly  on 
art  subjects,  contributed  to  periodicals. 

LOWE,  Enoch  Louis,  governor  of  Maryland, 
was  born  in  Frederick  county,  Md.,  Aug.  10. 
1820  ;  son  of  Lieut.  Bradley  S.A.,  and  Adelaide 
Bellumeau  (de  la  Vineendiere)  Lowe  ;  grandson 
of  Lloyd  M.  and  Rebecca  (Maccubbin)  Lowe,  and 
great-grandson  of  Michael  and  Ann  (Magruder) 
Lowe.  His  ancestors  settled  in  Maryland  about 
1675.  He  attended  St.  John's  school  in  Fred 
erick,  Md.,  the  Roman  Catholic  college  near 
Dublin,  Ireland,  and  a  school  at  Stonyhurst, 
Lancashire,  England,  until  1839.  He  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  Maryland  bar  in  1842,  and  was  a 
Democratic  delegate  to  the  Maryland  legislature 
in  1845.  He  was  married  June  1,  1845,  to  Esther 
Winder,  daughter  of  Col.  James  and  Anne  Maria 
(Stuart)  Polk,  of  Maryland.  He  was  governor  of 
Maryland,  1851-53,  and  during  his  tenure  of  office 


[1411 


LOWE 


LOWE 


introduced  many  changes  in  the  election  laws 
and  other  reforms.  lie  was  appointed  U.S. 
minister  to  China  in  1857  by  President  Buchanan, 
but  declined  the  office.  He  was  a  presidential 
elector  in  1861,  voting  for  Breckinridge  and 
Lane.  He  removed  to  Brooklyn,  N.Y.,  in  1866, 
and  practised  law  in  that  city  until  his  death, 
which  occurred  in  Brooklyn.  N.Y.,  Aug.  23,  1892. 

LOWE,  flartha  Perry,  author,  was  born  in 
Keene,  N.H..  Nov.  21,  1829;  daughter  of  Gen. 
Justus  and  Hannah  (Wood)  Perry  ;  granddaugh 
ter  of  Dr.  Justus  Perry  and  of  Stephen  Wood  of 
Concord,  Mass.,  and  a  descendant  of  Judge 
Ephraim  Wood  of  Concord,  Mass.  She  attended 
the  Keene  academy  and  was  graduated  from  Mrs. 
Elizabeth  Sedgewick's  school  at  Lennox,  Mass., 
in  1845.  She  studied  music  in  Boston,  Mass., 
1848,  and  passed  the  winter  of  1849  in  the  West 
Indies  and  the  next  year  in  Spain,  where  her 
brother,  Horatio  J.  Perry,  who  married  Caroline 
Coronado,  poet  laureate  of  Spain,  was  secretary 
of  the  American  legation  at  Madrid.  She  was 
married  in  1857  to  the  Rev.  Charles  Lowe  of 
Exeter,  N.H.,  pastor  of  the  North  church  at 
Salem,  Mass.  She  went  with  him  to  Somerville, 
Mass.,  in  1859,  where  he  took  charge  of  the  First 
Congregational  (Unitarian)  society.  She  was  in 
Europe  with  her  husband,  1871-73,  and  after  his 
death,  June  20,  1874,  she  resided  in  Somerville. 
With  Mrs.  Maria  Teresa  Hollander  she  founded 
the  Woman's  Educational  Union  in  Somerville, 
and  served  as  its  president  during  its  existence. 
She  was  a  member  of  the  Woman's  Christian 
Temperance  Union,  and  honorary  president  of  the 
Suffrage  league  in  Somerville.  She  is  the  author 
of:  The  Olive  and  the  Pine  (1859);  Love  in  Spain 
and  other  Poems  (1867);  The  Story  of  Chief  Joseph 
(1881):  Bessie  Gray;  Memoir  of  Charles  Loire 
(1883);  The  Immortals  (Kaster  Poems).  She 
died  in  Somervillt;,  Mass.,  .May  '>.  1902. 

LOWE,  Peter  Perlee,  pioneer  lawyer,  was  born 
near  Lebanon,  Ohio,  June  11,  1801  ;  son  of  Jacob 
D.  and  Martha  (Perlee)  Lowe.  .  Jacob  D.  Lowe 
was  born  near  Somerville,  N.J..  in  1767,  removed 
to  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  in  1791,  and  at  his  house  in 
1794  the  first  Masonic  lodge  in  Ohio  was  organized. 
In  1800  he  located  near  Lebanon  in  Warren 
county.  Peter  Perlee  Lowe  studied  classics  under 
the  Rev.  James  Kemper,  a  pioneer  preacher,  and 
law  under  Thomas  Corwin  ;  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1825,  and  practised  in  Dayton,  Ohio,  1825- 
86.  In  1832  he  was  admitted  to  practise  in  the 
U.S.  courts  of  Washington,  D.C.  He  was  prose 
cuting  attorney  for  Montgomery  county,  1832, 
and  took  rank  as  the  leader  of  the  criminal 
bar  in  Ohio,  and  was  also  a  noted  civil  lawyer. 
He  was  a  Democratic  representative  in  the  Ohio 
legislature,  1838-39:  rind  chairman  of  the  judi 
ciary  committee.  lie  declined  the  nomination 


for  governor  in  1850  in  favor  of  his  friend  Reuben 
Wood,  who  was  elected.  He  was  a  Whig  until 
1836,  when  he  left  the  party  on  account  of  the 
Tyler  exposure  of  the  dealings  of  the  U.S.  bank 
with  members  of  congress.  He  was  a  delegate  to 
the  Democratic  state  and  national  conventions, 
1836-56,  and  in  1856  he  joined  the  newly  formed 
Republican  party  in  national  issues,  but  continued 
for  some  time  to  work  with  the  Democrats  in  state 
politics.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  Republican 
national  convention  at  Chicago,  May  16,  1860. 
He  was  a  promoter  of  the  use  of  electricity  as 
early  as  1845,  when  he  advanced  a  large  sum  of 
money  to  an  inventor  in  Cincinnati  by  the  name 
of  Starr  to  visit  Europe  with  his  patent  and 
obtain  the  opinion  of  scientists.  When  the  in 
vention  was  declared  successful,  Starr  died  sud 
denly  and  his  patents  in  Europe  and  the  United 
States  were  unknown  to  Mr.  Lowe  until  the  time 
to  complete  the  same  had  expired.  Mr.  Lowe 
was  a  trustee  of  Miami  university,  1839-57.  He 
died  at  Dumbarton  Farm,  Baltimore  county,  Md., 
Aug.  7,  1886. 

LOWE,  Ralph  Phillips,  governor  of  Iowa, 
was  born  in  Warren  county,  Ohio,  Nov.  27,  1805  ; 
son  of  Jacob  D.  and  Martha  (Perlee)  Lowe  ;  grand 
son  of  Derick  and  Rebecca  (Emmons)  Low  ; 
great-grandson  of  Cornelius  and  Judith  (Middagh) 
Low  ;  and  a  descendant  of  the  Middaghs,  Bergens, 
Rapaeljes,  Hansens,  Tricos  and  Van  Nests,  early 
Dutch  settlers  of  New  Amsterdam,  1607-1664. 
He  was  graduated  from  Miami  university,  A.B. , 
1829,  A.M.,  1832;  studied  law,  and  was  admit 
ted  to  the  bar  at  Ashville,  Ala.  He  removed  to 
Dayton,  Ohio,  in  1834,  and  to  Muscatiiie,  Iowa,  in 
1840.  He  was  appointed  prosecuting  attorney  for 
the  second  judicial  district  of  the  territory  of 
Io%va  in  1841  ;  was  appointed  general  of  the  2d 
division  of  Iowa  militia  by  Governor  Chambers 
in  1842  ;  was  district  judge  of  the  first  judicial 
district  of  Iowa,  1852-57  :  governor  of  the  state, 
1858-60;  judge  of  the  supreme  court,  1860-68; 
U.S.  district  attorney,  1868-71.  and  was  appointed 
agent  for  the  state  to  press  claim  against  the 
United  States  for  §SO(),00()  for  which  purpose  he 
removed  to  Washington,  D.C.,  in  1874.  He  died 
in  Washington.  D.C.,  Dec.  22,  1883. 

LOWE,  Thaddeus  S.  C.,  scientist  and  inven 
tor,  was  born  at  Jefferson,  N.H.,  Aug.  20,  1832; 
son  of  Clovis  and  Alpha  (Green)  Lowe,  and 
grandson  of  Thomas  and  Lydia  Green  of  Berlin 
Falls,  N.H.  In  early  life  he  studied  chemistry, 
with  particular  reference  to  its  relation  to  gas 
and  metallurgy.  In  1855  he  was  married  in  New 
York  city  to  Leontine  A.  Gachon  of  Paris, 
France.  In  1856  he  began  the  study  of  air  cur 
rents,  and  as  an  aid  to  his  investigations  he 
constructed  balloons  of  various  sizes.  In  1S58- 
59  he  secured  instruments  from  the  government, 


LOWE 


LOWE 


City,  N.J. 
the  ocean, 


and  invented  other  instruments  for  investigating 
upper  air  currents,  among  these  being  an  alti 
meter,  for  quickly  measuring  latitude  and  longi 
tude  without  a  horizon.  In  1859-60  he  built  an 
aerostat  150  feet  in  perpendicular  diameter,  with 

a  transverse  diameter 
of  104  feet,  lifting 
more  than  16  tons,  in 
cluding  instruments, 
a  car  for  carrying 
crew,  and  a  Francis 
metallic  life  boat,  30 
feet  long,  7-foot 
beam,  and  schooner- 
rigged.  The  trial  trip 
of  this  monster  ma 
chine  was  made  in 
the  summer  of  1860, 
when  a  burden  of  8 
tons  was  carried  from 
Point  Breeze,  Phila 
delphia,  to  Atlantic 
Preparatory  to  making  a  trip  across 
a  long-distance  land  trip  was  made 
on  April  '20,  1861,  under  the  auspices  of  the 
Franklin  Institute  of  Philadelphia  and  the 
Smithsonian  Institution  of  Washington,  when 
the  distance  of  more  than  800  miles  from  Cincin 
nati,  Ohio,  to  near  the  coast  of  South  Carolina 
was  covered  in  nine  hours.  Immediately  after 
this,  lie  entered  the  government  service  as  chief 
of  the  aeronautic  corps,  which  he  organized, 
rendering  valuable  service  by  his  observations  in 
nearly  all  the  battles  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac, 
18(>1-(>:>.  During  the  siege  of  Yorktown,  the  day 
before  the  evacuation,  the  enemy  trained  all  its 
guns  in  the  fort  upon  the  balloon  which  was  in 
the  air  from  early  morning  until  nightfall. 
Mr.  Lowe,  by  continuing  his  observations  during 
the  night,  discovered  that  the  enemy  were  appa 
rently  evacuating  the  forts,  and  this  information, 
confirmed  by  General  Heintzelman,  who  made  an 
observation  from  the  balloon,  enabled  McClellnii 
to  overtake  the  enemy  at  Williamsburg.  His 
observations  before  Richmond,  and  especially 
previous  to  and  during  the  battle  of  Fair  Oaks, 
furnished  continual  reports  of  the  movements  of 
the  enemy.  While  on  the  Peninsula  in  1862,  he 
invented  the  system  of  signals  from  a  high  alti 
tude  to  the  commander  of  the  field  batteries,  thus 
enabling  the  gunners  to  locate  objects  beyond 
their  vision.  This  system  was  also  extensively 
used  in  clearing  the  blockades  at  Island  No.  10  on 
the  Mississippi  river.  After  the  close  of  the  war  he 
used  his  balloons  in  instructing  commissions  sent 
from  various  countries,  and  finally  sold  the  entire 
equipment  to  the  Brazilian  government,  who 
used  it  effectively  in  their  war  with  Paraguay. 
In  1865  he  invented  the  compression  ice  machine, 


and  was  the  first  to  make  artificial  ice  an  article 
of  commerce.  He  established  the  first  cold 
storage  for  the  preservation  of  meats,  fruits  and 
other  food  supplies,  and  was  the  first  to  equip  a 
steamship  with  cold  storage  rooms  which  sys 
tem  made  possible  the  great  packing  houses  that 
followed  his  introduction  of  cold  storage.  He 
engaged  in  building  regenerative  metallurgical 
furnances  for  the  use  of  gas  and  petroleum  as 
fuel,  1869-72.  He  invented  and  built  in  1873-75 
the  first  water-gas  machinery,  which  revolution 
ized  the  gas  industry  of  the  world.  He  was 
awarded  by  the  Franklin  Institute  a  diploma  and 
three  medals  for  the  manufacture  and  utilization 
of  water-gas  and  appliances  connected  therewith, 
in  1885,  one  of  these  medals  being  the  highest 
that  had  ever  been  awarded  by  the  Institute. 
In  1888  lie  removed  to  California  and  built  in  Los 
Angeles  the  first  heavy  crude  oil  water-gas  ap 
paratus,  afterward  extensively  used  wherever 
heavy  oils  abound.  In  1891-94  he  built  the 
Mount  Lowe  aerial  railway,  projected  a  continua 
tion  of  the  road  from  the  mountain  top  to  the 
next  peak  by  a  suspended  cable,  and  established 
the  Lowe  observatory  in  the  Sierra  Madre.  He  in 
vented  and  put  into  operation,  1897-1901,  the  new 
Lowe  coke  oven  system,  for  simultaneously  pro 
ducing  gas  and  metallurgical  coke. 

LOWE,  William  flanning,  representative, 
was  born  in  Huntsville,  Ala.,  Jan.  16,  1842  ;  son 
of  Gen.  Bartley  M.  and  Sarah  Sophia  (Manning) 
Lowe,  and  grandson  of  Dr.  James  and  Sophia 
(Thompson)  Manning.  He  attended  school  at 
Florence,  Ala.  ;  was  graduated  at  the  law  depart 
ment  of  the  University  of  Virginia  in  1860,  and 
was  attending  the  law  department  of  the  Uni 
versity  of  Virginia  in  1861  when  he  entered  the 
Confederate  army  as  a  private  in  the  4th  Ala 
bama  infantry.  He  was  seriously  wounded  at 
the  first  battle  of  Mantissas  ;  was  appointed  on 
the  staff  of  Governor  John  G.  Shorter  with 
the  rank  of  colonel,  and  engaged  in  organizing 
companies  for  the  field.  He  was  appointed  cap 
tain  on  Gen.  Jonas  M.  Withers's  stalf,  serving 
through  the  Kentucky  campaign  and  being 
wounded  before  Murfreesboro,  Tenn.  He  was 
afterward  transferred  to  Gen.  J.  H.  Clanton's 
staff  and  served  with  him  in  Georgia,  Alabama 
and  Tennessee  until  captured  at  the  battle  of 
Franklin.  He  was  imprisoned  at  Camp  Chase 
and  at  Fort  Delaware  until  after  the  close  of 
the  war,  and  then  returned  to  Huntsville,  Ala. 
He  was  solicitor  of  the  5th  judicial  circuit  of 
Alabama,  1865-68  ;  represented  Madison  county 
in  the  Alabama  legislature  in  1870  ;  and  was  a 
delegate  to  the  state  constitutional  convention  in 
1875.  He  was  a  representative  from  the  eighth 
Alabama  district  in  the  46th  congress,  1879-81. 
He  died  in  Huntsville.  Ala.,  Oct.  12,  1881. 

[148] 


LOWE 


LOWELL 


LOWE,  William  Warren,  soldier,  was  born  in 
Indiana,  Oct.  12,  1831.  He  was  graduated  at  the 
U.S.  Military  academy  and  brevetted  3d  lieuten 
ant  of  dragoons,  July  1,  1853.  He  was  promoted 
2d  lieutenant,  Oct.  22,  1854  ;  was  transferred  to 
the  2d  cavalry,  March  3,  1855,  and  was  on  frontier 
duty  and  on  scouting  expeditions  in  Texas,  1855- 
60.  He  was  promoted  1st  lieutenant,  Dec.  1, 
1856;  and  served  as  adjutant  from  May  31,  1858 
to  May  9,  1861.  He  served  in  the  civil  war  in 
the  defences  of  Washington.  D.C.,  1861;  was  pro 
moted  captain  in  the  2d  cavalry.  May  9,  1861,  and 
was  transferred  to  the  5th  cavalry,  Aug.  3,  1861. 
He  participated  in  the  Manassas  campaign  of 
July,  1861  ;  was  commissioned  colonel  of  the  5th 
Iowa  volunteer  cavalry.  Jan.  1,  1862  ;  participated 
in  the  Tennessee  campaign,  being  engaged  at 
Fort  Donelson,  Feb.  13-15,  1862.  and  in  command 
of  Forts  Henry,  Donelson  and  Heiman,  February, 
1862,  to  March,  1863  ;  and  engaged  in  cavalry 
operations  in  middle  Tennessee,  northern  Ala 
bama  and  Georgia,  commanding  a  brigade  or 
division  from  March.  1863,  to  July,  1864.  He  was 
brevetted  major,  Oct.  9,  1863,  and  lieutenant- 
colonel,  Dec.  15,  1863,  for  gallant  and  meritorious 
services  in  the  cavalry  engagement  near  Chicka- 
niauga,  Ga.,  and  in  the  cavalry  action  near 
Huntsville,  Ala.,  and  was  mustered  out  of  the 
volunteer  service,  Jan.  24,  1865.  He  was  brevetted 
colonel  in  the  U.S.  army  and  brigadier-general  of 
volunteers,  and  also  brigadier-general  in  the  U.S. 
army,  March  13,  1865.  He  was  promoted  major 
of  the  6th  cavalry,  July  31,  1866,  and  on  June  23, 
1869,  resigned  from  the  army.  He  established 
smelting  and  refining  works  in  Omaha,  Neb.,  en 
gaged  in  mining  in  Utah,  and  built  the  first 
smelting  works  in  Idaho.  He  also  constructed  a 
railroad  and  discovered  a  well  of  lubricating  oil 
on  the  Little  Popogie  river,  Wyoming  Territory. 
He  died  at  Omaha,  Neb.,  May  18.  1898. 

LOWELL,  Anna  Cabot  (Jackson),  educator, 
was  born  in  Boston,  Mass.,  Sept.  29,  1811  ;  daugh 
ter  of  Patrick  Tracy  and  Lydia  (Cabot)  Jackson, 
and  granddaughter  of  the  Hon.  Jonathan  (q.v.) 
and  Hannah  (Tracy)  Jackson.  Siie  was  married, 
April  18,  1832,  to  Charles  Russell  Lowell,  son  of 
the  Rev.  Charles  (q.v.)  and  Harriet  Bracket 
(Spence)  Lowell,  who  graduated  at  Harvard, 
1826,  and  died  in  1870.  She  was  the  mother  of 
two  daughters  and  two  sons.  The  latter.  Charles 
Russell  and  James,  were  both  killed  in  the  civil 
war.  She  established  and  carried  on  in  Boston  a 
large  girls'  school,  1840-53.  She  is  the  author  of  : 
The  Theory  of  Teaching  (1841);  Edward's  First 
Lessons  in  Grammar  (1843);  Edward's  First  Les 
sons  in  Geometry  (1844);  Olympic  Games  (1845) : 
Outlines  of  Astronomy,  or  the  World  as  it  Appears 
(1850);  introduction  to  Madame  Pulksy's  "  Black, 
Red  and  White  "  (1852);  Thoughts  on  the  Educa- 

[144] 


tion  of  Girls  (1853)  ;  Seed  Grain  for  Thought  and 
Discussion  (1856);  Posies  for  Children  (1^0).  She 
died  in  Cambridge,  Mass.,  Jan.  7,  1874. 

LOWELL,  Charles,  clergyman,  was  born  in 
Boston,  Mass.,  Aug.  15.  1782  ;  son  of  Judge  John 
(born  1743)  and  Rebecca  (Russell)  Tyng  Lowell, 
and  grandson  of  the  Rev.  John  and  Sarah 
(Champney)  Lowell  and  of  Judge  James  and 
Katharine  (Graves)  Russell.  He  was  graduated 
from  Harvard,  A.B.,  1800,  A.M.,  1803:  studied 
theology  in  Edinburgh,  Scotland,  1802-04;  trav 
elled  in  Europe  in  1805  ;  was  installed  as  pastor  of 
the  West  Congregational  church,  Boston,  Mass., 
Jan.  1,  1806,  and  remained  as  such  fifty-five  years. 
On  the  failure  of  his  health  in  1837,  Dr.  Cyrus  A. 
Bartol  became  his  colleague,  and  Dr.  Lowell 
travelled  in  Europe  and  the  Holy  Land,  1837-40. 
He  was  married,  Oct.  2,  1806,  to  Harriet  Bracket, 
daughter  of  Keith  and  Mary  (Traill)  Spence,  of 
Portsmouth,  N.H.,  and  sister  of  Capt.  Robert 
Traill  Spence,  U.S.N.  (q.v.),  and  their  son,  Charles 
Russell  Lowell,  married  Anna  Cabot  Jackson 
(q.v.).  He  was  secretary  of  the  Massachusetts 
Historical  society  ;  a  corresponding  member  of 
the  Archaeological  Society  of  Athens,  and  one  of 
the  founders  and  a  member  of  the  Society  of 
Northern  Antiquarians  of  Copenhagen.  He  was 
a  fellow  of  Harvard  in  1818  and  received  the 
degree  of  S.T.D.  from  there  in  1823.  He  is  the 
author  of  :  Occasional  Sermons  (1855);  Practiced 
Sermons  (1855);  Meditations  for  the  Afflicted,  Sick 
and  Dying;  Devotional  Exercises  for  Communi 
cants.  He  died  in  Cambridge,  Mass.,  Jan.  20,  1861. 

LOWELL,  Charles  Russell,  soldier,  was  born 
in  Boston,  Mass.,  Jan.  2,  1835  ;  son  of  Charles 
Russell  and  Anna  Cabot  (Jackson)  Lowell,  and 
grandson  of  the  Rev.  Charles  (q.v.)  and  Hannah 
Bracket  (Spence) 


Lowell.  He  was  grad 
uated  at  Harvard, 
A.B.,  1854,  first  in  his 
class.  When  the  civil 
war  broke  out  he 
was  manager  of  the 
Mount  Savage  iron 
works,  Maryland,  and 
he  made  his  way  at 
once  to  Baltimore  and 
on  foot  to  Wash 
ington  from  the 
Relay  House,  railway 
communication  hav 
ing  been  suspended 
from  that  point.  He 

was  commissioned  captain  in  the  6th  U.S. 
cavalry,  April  20,  1861,  and  was  the  officer 
who  recruited  General  Chaffee  as  private  in 
that  regiment.  He  was  in  command  of  a  squad 
ron  of  the  6th  U.S.  cavalry  in  the  Army 


LOWELL 


LOWELL 


of  the  Potomac  all  through  the  Peninsula 
campaign,  at  the  close  of  which  he  was  bre- 
vetted  major  for  gallantry  and  assigned  to  the 
personal  staff,  of  General  McClellan.  At  Antie- 
tam  he  conveyed  the  orders  of  the  command 
ing  general  under  severe  fire,  rallied  broken 
regiments  and  displayed  a  degree  of  courage  that 
was  rewarded  by  his  being  selected  to  carry  the 
captured  standards  to  Washington.  In  the  au 
tumn  of  1862  he  organized  the  2d  Massachusetts 
cavalry,  and  in  May,  1863,  was  commissioned 
colonel  of  the  regiment.  He  was  in  command  of 
the  advanced  defences  of  Washington  during  the 
winter  of  1863-64,  and  was  engaged  against  the 
.attack  of  Early  in  July,  1864.  Later  he  com 
manded  the  provisional  cavalry  brigade  under 
Sheridan  in  the  Shenandoah  valley,  and  finally 
lie  was  given  command  of  the  reserve  brigade, 
made  up  of  three  regiments  of  U.S.  cavalry,  his 
own  regiment  and  a  battery  of  artillery,  which 
distinguished  itself  at  the  battle  of  Opequon 
Creek  (Winchester),  Sept.  19,  1864,  and  on  Octo 
ber  9  took  a  leading  part  in  the  overthrow  of 
General  Rosser's  cavalry.  At  Cedar  Creek,  Oct. 
19,  1864,  he  held  the  enemy  in  check  until  the 
arrival  of  Sheridan,  who  formed  his  new  line 
close  behind  Lowell's  men.  Though  wounded 
early  in  the  day,  lie  was  lifted  on  his  horse  and 
led  his  brigade  in  the  final  successful  charge, 
where  he  received  his  mortal  wound.  His  com 
mission  as  brigadier-general,  issued  at  the  request 
of  General  Sheridan,  was  signed  at  Washington 
on  the  day  of  this  battle.  He  was  married  in 
October,  1863,  to  Josephine  (q.v.),  daughter  of 
Francis  and  Sarah  Blake  (Sturgis)  Shaw.  He 
died  at  Middletown,  Va.,  Oct.  20,  1864. 

LOWELL,  Edward  Jackson,  author,  was 
born  in  Boston,  Mass.,  Oct.  18,  1845  ;  son  of  Fran 
cis  Cabot  and  Mary  Lowell  (Gardner)  Lowell, 
and  grandson  of  Francis  Cabot  and  Hannah 
(Jackson)  Gardner.  He  was  graduated  from  Har 
vard,  A.B.,  1867,  A.M.,  1870,  was  admitted  to  the 
Suffolk  bar  in  June,  1872,  and  practised  law  in 
Boston,  Mass.,  when  he  retired  from  the  bar  and 
devoted  himself  to  literary  work.  He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Massachusetts  Historical  society,  the 
New  York  Historical  society,  the  American  His 
torical  association,  the  Military  Historical  society 
of  Massachusetts,  and  a  fellow  of  the  American 
Academy  of  Arts  and  Sciences.  He  was  married, 
Jan.  1, 1868,  to  Mary  Wolcott,  daughter  of  Samuel 
Griswold  and  Mary  (Boot)  Goodrich  ;  she  died, 
April  5,  1874.  He  was  married  secondly,  June  19, 
1777,  to  Elizabeth  Gilbert,  daughter  of  George 
(q.v.)  and  Sarah  M.  (Gilbert)  Jones  of  New  York 
city.  He  contributed  a  chapter  on  The  Diplo 
macy  and  Finance,  of  the  Revolution  to  Winsor's 
"Narrative  and  Critical  History  of  America" 
(1884),  and  is  the  author  of  :  The  Hessians  and 


the.  oilier  German  Auxiliaries  of  Great  Britain  in 
the  Revolutionary  War  (1884);  Tlie  Eve  of  the 
French  Revolution  (1892),  and  the  following 
essays :  Tlie  Bayeux  Tapestry  ;  Life  of  Benvenuto 
Cellini;  Clothes  Historically  Considered;  A 
Liberal  Education,  and  A  Memoir  of  Tennyson. 
He  died  in  Cotuit,  Mass.,  May  11,  1894. 

LOWELL,  Francis  Cabot,  manufacturer,  was 
born  in  Newburyport,  Mass.,  April  7,  1775  ;  son 
of  Judge  John  and  Susan  (Cabot)  Lowell,  and 
grandson  of  the  Rev.  John  and  Sarah  (Champney) 
Lowell,  and  of  Francis  and  Mary  (Fitch)  Cabot. 
He  was  graduated  from  Harvard,  A.B.,  1793, 
A.M.,  1796.  He  was  married,  Oct.  31,  1798,  to 
Hannah,  daughter  of  the  Hon.  Jonathan  and 
Hannah  (Tracy)  Jackson,  of  Newburyport,  Mass.; 
she  died  May  10,  1815.  He  travelled  extensively 
through  England  and  Scotland,  1810-11.  In  1812, 
with  Patrick  Tracy  Jackson,  his  brother-in-law, 
he  undertook  the  manufacture  of  cotton  under 
many  difficulties,  as  the  war  of  1812  prevented 
the  importation  of  machinery  from  England. 
After  numerous  experiments  they  succeeded  in 
the  autumn  of  1812  in  producing  a  loom  with  the 
assistance  of  Mr.  Paul  Moody,  a  mechanic,  of 
Newburyport,  and  they  obtained  a  charter  under 
the  name  of  the  Boston  Manufacturing  company 
with  a  capital  of  $100,000.  They  established  their 
mill  in  Waltham,  Mass.,  which  was  probably  the 
first  mill  in  the  United  States  that  combined  all 
the  operations  necessary  for  converting  the  raw 
cotton  into  finished  cloth.  Mr.  Lowell  was 
mainly  instrumental  in  procuring  from  congress 
in  1816  the  establishment  of  the  minimum  duty 
on  cotton  cloth,  an  idea  which  originated  with 
him.  After  Mr.  Lowell's  death,  Mr.  Jackson  pur 
chased  a  section  of  Chelmsford  and  located  mills 
there  and  the  town  was  incorporated  under  the 
name  of  Lowell  in  1826.  He  died  in  Boston, 
Mass.,  Aug.  10,  1817. 

LOWELL,  Francis  Cabot,  judge,  was  born  in 
Boston,  Mass.,  Jan,  7,  1855  ;  son  of  George  Gard 
ner  and  Mary  Ellen  (Parker)  Lowell  ;  grandson  of 
Francis  Cabot  and  Mary  Lowell  (Gardner) 
Lowell,  and  of  James'and  Annie  (Tucker)  Parker, 
and  great-grandson  of  Francis  Cabot  (born  1775) 
and  Hannah  (Jackson)  Lowell.  He  was  gradu 
ated  from  Harvard,  A.B.,  1879,  and  became  a 
member  of  the  firm  of  Lowell,  Stimson  &  Lowell. 
He  was  married  in  New  York  city,  Nov.  27,  1882, 
to  Cornelia  Prime,  daughter  of  Edmund  Lin 
coln  and  Nathalie  (Ray)  Baylies.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  Boston  common  council,  1889-92, 
and  a  representative  in  the  Massachusetts  leg- 
isature,  1895-98.  He  was  appointed  judge  of 
the  U.S.  district  court  of  Massachusetts  by 
President  McKinley,  Jan.  10.  1898.  He  was  an 
overseer  of  Harvard.  1SS6-9I.  and  again  from 
1894  ;  was  made  a  fellow  of  that  corporation,  1895, 


[145] 


LOWELL 


LOWELL 


and  succeeded  Roger  Wolcott  as  president  of  the 
Unitarian  club  of  Boston  in  1897.  He  delivered  a 
course  of  lectures  before  the  Lowell  Institute, 
Boston,  in  1895-96.  He  is  author  of  :  Joan  of 


LOWELL,  James  Russell,  poet,  was  born  in 
Cambridge,  Mass.,  Feb.  22,  1819  ;  son  of  the  Rev. 
Charles  and  Harriet  (Spence)  Lowell.  He  at 
tended  the  boarding  school  of  William  Wells  at 
Cambridge  and  was  graduated  from  Harvard, 

A.B.,      1838,     LL.B., 

1840, 


A.M.  1841. 
While  in  college  he 
edited  the  Harvar- 
diana,  1837-38,  and 
after  his  graduation 
he  opened  a  law 
office  in  Boston,  but 
did  not  practise,  de 
voting  himself  in 
stead  entirely  to  lit 
erature.  In  1841  his 
first  book  of  poems 
appeared,  some  of 
which  had  been  previ 
ously  published  in 
magazines,  and  in 

1842  he  started  the  Pioneer,  a  monthly  magazine 
which  had  but  a  short  existence.  He  was  mar 
ried  in  1844  to  Maria  White  of  Watertown,  Mass., 
who  was  herself  the  author  of  several  published 
poems,  and  was  also  a  pronounced  abolitionist. 
Botli  Mr.  Lowell  and  his  wife  were  regular  contrib 
utors  to  the  Liberty  Bell  and  Lowell  subsequently 
became  corresponding  editor  of  the  Anti-Slavery 
Standard.  His  "  Biglow  Papers, "satirical  poems 
in  Yankee  dialect,  the  first  of  which  appeared 
in  the  columns  of  the  Boston  Courier  in  June, 
1846,  wielded  a  powerful  influence  on  the  politics 
of  the  day,  and  gained  a  permanent  place  among 
the  classics.  He  was  a  frequent  contributor  to 
the  Dial,  the  Democratic  Reriew  and  the  Massa 
chusetts  Quarterly,  his  articles  being  generally 
political.  In  1851  lie  went  to  Europe  where  he 
remained  more  than  a  year,  hoping  to  benefit 
Mrs.  Lowell's  health,  but  in  1853  she  died.  He 
spent  1854-55  in  study  in  Europe,  and  in  the 
latter  year  succeeded  Henry  W.  Longfellow  as 
Smith  professor  of  the  French  and  Spanish  lan 
guages  and  literature  and  belles  leftres  at  Harvard, 
and  served,  1855-86.  He  was  university  lecturer, 
1863-64.  In  1857  he  was  married  to  Francis  Dun- 
lap,  a  niece  of  Governor  Robert  P.  Dunlap  of 
Portland,  Maine.  In  addition  to  his  college 
duties  he  was  editor  of  the  Atlantic  Monthly 
1857-62,  and  a  joint  editor,  with  Charles  Eliot 
Norton,  of  the  North  American  Review,  1863-72. 
In  1856  he  became  an  active  member  of  the  Re 
publican  part}',  and  although  he  never  sought 

[146] 


office,  in  1876  he  was  elected  presidential  elector 
and  in  1877  was  appointed  by  President  Hayes 
U.S.  minister  to  Spain.  In  1880  he  was  trans 
ferred  to  the  court  of  St.  James,  London,  Eng 
land,  where  he  was  U.S.  minister  until  1885. 
During  his  residence  in  England  he  was  elected 
lord  rector  of  the  University  of  St.  Andrew's, 
Scotland,  Jan.  2,  1884,  and  received  other  notable 
recognition  for  his  literary  acquirements.  He 
delivered  many  public  addresses  and  was  the 
orator  on  the  occasion  of  the  unveiling  of  the 
bust  of  Coleridge  in  Westminster  Abbey  in  May, 
1885.  In  1887  he  delivered  before  the  Lowell  In 
stitute,  Boston,  a  course  of  lectures  on  the  Eng 
lish  dramatists.  He  returned  to  his  country  seat 
at  "  Elmwood"  on  the  Charles  river,  Cambridge, 
Mass.,  where  he  devoted  himself  to  study  and  liter 
ature,  and  continued  his  lectures  at  Harvard.  The 
honorary  degree  of  D.C.L.  was  conferred  on  him 
by  Oxford  university  in  1873,  and  that  of  LL.D.  by 
the  University  of  Cambridge  in  1874,  St.  An 
drew's,  Edinburgh,  and  Harvard  in  1884,  and 
Bologna  in  1888.  He  was  an  overseer  of  Harvard, 
1887-91;  a  fellow  of  the  American  Academy  of 
Arts  and  Sciences  ;  a  member  of  the  Massachu 
setts  Historical  society,  the  American  Philosoph 
ical  society,  and  the  Royal  Academy  of  Spain  ; 
and  a  fellow  of  the  Royal  Society  of  Edinburgh, 
and  the  Royal  Society  of  Literature  in  London. 
He  edited  the  poetical  works  of  Marvell,  Donne, 
Keats,  Wordsworth  and  Shelley  for  the  collection 
of  British  poets  edited  by  Prof.  Francis  J.  Child 
of  Harvard.  His  published  writings  include  : 
Class  Poem  (1838)  ;  A  Year's  Life  (1841)  ;  A  Le 
gend  of  Brittany  and  Other  Miscellaneous  Poems 
and  Sonnets  (1884)  ;  The  Vision  of  Sir  Launfal 
(1845)  ;  Conversations  on  Some  of  the  Old  Poets 
(1845);  Poems  (1848);  The  Biglow  Papers  (1848, 
2d  ser.,  1867)  ;  .4  Fable  for  Critics  (1848)  ;  Poems 
(2  vols.,  1849)  ;  Poems  (2  vols.,  1854)  ;  Poetical 
Works  (2  vols.,  1858)  ;  Mason  and  Slidell,  a  Yan 
kee  Idyl  (1862);  Fireside  Travels  (1864);  The 
President's  Policy  (1864)  ;  Under  the  Willows  and 
Other  Poems  (1869);  Among  My  Books  (1870); 
My  Study  Windoics  (1871);  The  Court  in'  (1874)  ; 
Three  Memorial  Poems  (1876)  :  Democracy  and 
Other  Addresses  (1887).  American  Ideas  for  Eng 
lish  Readers,  Latest  Literary  Essays  and  Ad 
dresses,  and  Old  English  Dramatists  were  pub 
lished  posthumously  (1 892) .  He  was  engaged  on  a 
Life  of  Hawthorne  at  the  time  of  his  death.  His 
last  published  poem,  entitled  My  Book,  appeared 
in  the  New  York  Ledger  of  December,  1890.  In 
1898  part  of  his  estate,  "  Elmwood,"  was  pur 
chased  by  the  Lowell  Memorial  Park  Fund,  nearly 
§40,000  having  been  obtained  by  popular  subscrip 
tion.  Horace  E.  Scudder  prepared  a  definitive  life  : 
James  Russell  Lowell :  A  Biography  (2  vols.,  1901). 
He  died  in  Cambridge,  Mass.,  Aug.  12,  1891. 


LOWELL 


LOWELL 


LOWELL,  John,  jurist,  was  born  in  Newbury- 
port,  Mass.,  June  17,  1743  ;  son  of  the  Rev.  John 
and  Sarah  (Clmmpney)  Lowell  ;  grandson  of  Eb- 
enezer  and  Elizabeth  (Shailer)  Lowell  and  of 
Noah  and  Sarah  (Tuniiell)  Champney  ;  great- 

grand.son  of  John  and 
Hannah  (Proctor) 
Lowell  ;  great'2-grand- 
son  of  John  and  Mary 
Lowell,  and  a  de 
scendant  of  Percival 
Lowell,  who  came 
from  Bristol,  Eng 
land,  in  1639  and 
settled  in  Newbury. 
He  was  graduated 
from  Harvard,  A.B.. 
1760,  A.M.,  170:]; 
studied  law  in  the 
office  of  Oxenbridge 
Thacher,  and  settled 
in  practice  in  New- 

buryport  in  1762.  He  was  a  representative 
in  the  general  court  from  Nevvburyport,  Mass., 
in  1777  and  from  Boston  in  1779.  He  was  one 
of  the  delegates  to  the  state  convention  that 
framed  the  constitution  of  Massachusetts  in  1780, 
and  caused  the  clause,  "  All  men  are  born  free 
and  equal,  and  have  certain  natural,  essential  and 
inalienable  rights,  among  which  may  be  reckoned 
the  right  of  enjoying  and  defending  their  lives 
and  liberties,"  to  be  inserted  in  the  preamble 
of  the  constitution  of  the  Commonwealth.  He 
wras  a  delegate  to  the  Continental  congress,  1782- 
83,  and  was  appointed  by  that  body  one  of  three 
judges  of  the  court  of  appeals,  for  the  trial  of  all 
appeals  from  the  courts  of  admiralty  of  the  sev 
eral  states.  In  1789  lie  was  appointed  by  Presi 
dent  Washington  judge  of  the  U.S.  district  court 
of  Massachusetts,  and  in  1801  President  Adams 
appointed  him  chief  justice  of  the  U.S.  circuit 
court  for  the  first  circuit,  which  included  Maine, 
New  Hampshire,  Massachusetts  and  Rhode  Is 
land.  He  originated  the  subscription  for  a  pro 
fessorship  of  natural  history  at  Harvard  ;  was  a 
fellow  of  Harvard.  1784-1802,  and  received  the 
degree  of  LL.D.  there  in  1792.  He  was  one 
of  the  founders  of  the  American  Academy  of 
Arts  and  Sciences  in  1780,  and  served  as  one  of 
its  counselors.  He  was  married,  Jan.  3.  1767,  to 
Sarah,  daughter  of  Stephen  H.  and  Elizabeth 
(Cabot)  Higginson  ;  she  died  May  5,  1772.  He 
was  married  secondly,  May  31.  1774,  to  Susanna, 
daughter  of  Francis  and  Mary  (Fitch)  Cabot,  of 
Salem,  Mass.  ;  she  died  March  30,  1777.  He  was 
married  thirdly,  Dec.  25,  1778,  to  Rebecca,  widow 
of  James  Tyng,  and  a  daughter  of  Judge  James 
and  Katherine  (Graves)  Russell,  of  Charlestown, 
Mass.  He  died  at  Roxbury,  Mass.,  May  6,  1802. 


LOWELL,  John,  publicist,  was  born  in  New- 
buryport,  Mass..  Oct.  6,  1769;  son  of  Judge 
John  and  Sarah  (Higginson)  Lowell,  and  grand 
son  of  the  Rev.  John  and  Sarah  (Champney) 
Lowell  and  of  Stephen  H.  and  Elizabeth  (Cabot) 
Higginson.  He  was  graduated  fronii  Harvard, 
A.B.,  1786,  A.M.,  1789;  studied  law  with  his 
father,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1789.  He 
was  married,  June  8,  1773,  to  Rebecca,  daughter 
of  John  and  Katharine  (Greene)  Amory,  of  Bos 
ton.  His  health  began  to  fail,  and  in  1803 
he  retired  from  practice.  He  travelled  in  Eu 
rope,  1803-06,  and  on  his  return  devoted  himself 
to  literature,  writing  on  politics,  agriculture  and 
theology  under  the  signatures,  "  Citizen  of  Mas 
sachusetts."  "  Massachusetts  Lawyer,"  "  Lay 
man  "  and  "  Norfolk  Farmer."  During  the  war 
of  1812  he  wrote  constantly  in  support  of  the 
Federal  policy,  and  when  the  Unitarian  contro 
versy  broke  out  he  published  "  An  Inquiry  into 
the  Right  to  Change  the  Ecclesiastical  Constitu 
tion  of  the  Congregational  Churches  of  Massa 
chusetts,"  which  in  all  probability  stopped  the 
proposed  plan  for  an  arbitiary  consociation  of 
churches.  He  was  the  first  man  in  the  United 
States  to  establish  a  greenhouse  on  an  ampie  scale 
and  on  scientific  principles.  His  private  charities 
were  so  extended  that  for  many  years  he  em 
ployed  an  almoner,  with  whom  he  placed  a  sum 
annually  to  be  expended  in  fuel  for  the  poor. 
He  was  a  prominent  promoter  of  the  establish 
ment  of  the  Massachusetts  General  Hospital  and 
of  the  Provident  Institution  for  Savings  :  presi 
dent  of  the  board  of  trustees  and  a  member  of 
the  Massachusetts  Agricultural  society,  and  a 
patron  of  the  Boston  Athenpeum.  He  was  a  fel 
low  of  Harvard,  1810-22,  and  an  overseer,  1823- 
27.  He  received  the  degree  of  LL.D.  from  Har 
vard  in  1814.  He  was  a  fellow  of  the  American 
Academy  of  Arts  and  Sciences  and  a  member  of 
the  Massachusetts  Historical  society.  His  polit 
ical  pamphlets  were  published  in  two  volumes,  and 
in  1901  were  still  extant.  Among  the  pamphlets 
are  :  Peace  without  Dis]ionor,  War  without 
Hope  ,  an  Inquiry  into  the  Subject  of  the  Chesa 
peake  (1807):  Candid  Comparison  of  the  Wash 
ington  and  Jefferson  Administrations  (1810);  Di 
plomatic  Policy  of  Mr.  Madison  Unveiled  (1810); 
and  Mr.  Madison's  War  :  a  Dispassionate  In 
quiry  into  the  Reasons  alleged  by  Madison  for  'de 
claring  an  Offensive  and  Ruinous  War  against 
Great  Britain  (1812).  His  theological  writings  in 
clude  Are  You  a  Christian  ora  Calcinist  ?  (1815). 
He  died  in  Roxbury,  Mass.,  March  12,  1840. 

LOWELL,  John,  founder  of  the  Lowell  Insti 
tute,  was  born  in  Boston,  Mass.,  May  11.  1799; 
son  of  Francis  Cabot  and  Hannah  (Jackson) 
Lowell.  After  attending  the  schools  of  Boston, 
he  went  with  his  father  to  Europe  and  entered 


LOWELL 


LOWELL 


the  high  school  at  Edinburgh,  Scotland.  He 
was  a  student  at  Harvard,  1813-15,  but  was  ob 
liged  to  leave  on  account  of  ill-health,  and  in 
1816  and  again  in  1817  went  to  India.  He  be 
came  a  successful  merchant  in  Boston,  devoting 

all  his  leisure  to  study 
and  collecting  one  of 
the  largest  and  most 
valuable  private  li 
braries  in  the  city. 
He  was  repeatedly 
elected  to  the  com 
mon  council  of  Boston 
and  to  the  state  leg 
islature.  He  was 
married  in  Boston, 
April  6,1825,  to  Geor- 
gina  Margaret, daugh 
ter  of  Jonathan  and 
Lydia  (Fellows)  Am- 
ory.  In  the  winter 
of  1830-31  his  wife 

and  two  daughters  died,  and  after  that  time 
Mr.  Lowell  devoted  much  of  his  time  to  travel. 
In  1835,  while  travelling  in  Egypt,  he  was  taken 
and  during  convalescence  wrote  his  last  codi 
cil  in  which  he  completed  the  plan  he  had 
partially  formulated  in  his  will  several  years 
before.  This  will  provided  that  one-half  of  his 
property  should  be  used  for  the  establishment 
and  maintenance  of  the  Lowell  Institute,  to  con 
sist  of  regular  courses  of  free  public  lectures 
upon  philosophy,  natural  history,  and  the  arts 
and  sciences,  to  be  annually  delivered  in  the 
city  of  Boston.  This  sum,  amounting  to  nearly 
$250,000,  was  at  that  time,  with  the  exception  of 
Stephen  Girard's  bequest,  the  largest  ever  given 
in  America  by  a  private  individual  for  the 
endowment  of  a  literary  institution.  Besides  the 
popular  lectures  the  will  provided  for  others 
"more  abstruse,  erudite  and  particular,"  for  stu 
dents.  The  funds  were  placed  in  the  hands  of 
the  founder's  cousin,  John  Amory  Lowell  (q.v.), 
constituted  by  the  will  sole  trustee,  and  the  will 
stated  that  "  each  trustee  shall  appoint  his  suc 
cessor,"  and  that  "  in  selecting  a  successor  the 
trustee  shall  always  choose  in  preference  to  all 
others  some  male  descendant  of  my  Grandfather 
John  Lowell,  provided  there  be  one  who  is  com 
petent  to  hold  the  office  of  trustee,  and  of  the  name 
of  Lowell."  The  trustee  was  permitted  to  "  estab 
lish  from  time  to  time  lectures  on  any  subject 
that  in  his  opinion  the  wants  and  taste  of  the  age 
may  demand. "  See  "  History  of  the  Lowell  Insti 
tute,"  by  Harriette  Knight  Smith  (1898),  and  also 
".Memoir of  John  Lowell.  Jr.,"  by  Edward  Ever 
ett,  delivered  in  Boston.  DPC.  31 ,  1839.  as  the  intro 
ductory  lecture  on  Mr.  Lowell's  foundation.  Mr. 
Lowell  died  in  Bombay,  India,  March  4.  1836. 


LOWELL,  John,  jurist,  was  born  in  Boston, 
Mass.,  Oct.  18,  1824;  son  of  John  Amory  and 
Susan  Cabot  (Lowell)  Lowell,  and  grandson  of 
John  (born  1769)  and  Rebecca  (Amory)  Lowell 
and  of  Francis  Cabot  and  Hannah  (Jackson) 
Lowell.  He  was  graduated  from  Harvard,  A. B., 
1843,  LL.B.,  1845,  A.M.,  1846.  He  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  1846,  and  practised  in  Boston,  1846- 
65.  He  was  appointed  judge  of  the  U.S.  district 
court  of  Massachusetts,  March  11,  1865,  by  Presi 
dent  Lincoln  ;  judge  of  the  U.S.  circuit  court  by 
President  Hayes,  Dec.  18,  1878,  and  resigned,  May 
1,  1884,  to  resume  general  practice.  He  was  a 
fellow  of  the  American  Academy  of  Arts  and 
Sciences  ;  a  member  of  the  Massachusetts  Agri 
cultural  and  Historical  societies  ;  a  trustee  of  the 
Massachusetts  General  hospital,  and  an  overseer 
of  Harvard,  1875-86.  He  received  the  degree 
LL.D.  from  Williams  college  in  1870  and  from 
Harvard  in  1871.  He  was  elected  president  of 
the  board  of  trustees  of  the  Peabody  Education 
Fund  in  1896.  He  was  married  in  Boston,  Mass., 
May  18,  1853,  to  Lucy  Buckminster,  daughter 
of  George  Barrell  and  Olivia  (Buckminster) 
Emerson.  His  decisions  were  published  in  two 
volumes  (1872-77).  He  died  at  Chestnut  Hill, 
Brookline,  Mass.,  May  14,  1897. 

LOWELL,  John  Amory,  merchant,  was  born 
in  Boston,  Mass.,  Nov.  11,  1798;  son  of  John 
(b.  1769)  and  Rebecca  (Amory)  Lowell.  He  was 
graduated  from  Harvard,  A.B.,  1815,  A.M.,  1818, 
and  became  a  manufacturer  on  the  Merrimack 
river.  He  was  a  member  of  the  convention  that  re 
vised  the  state  constitution  in  1853  and  was  prom 
inently  connected  with  many  public,  literary  ;uul 
benevolent  enterprises.  By  the  will  of  his  cousin, 
John  Lowell,  Jr.,  he  was  made  sole  trustee  of  the 
Lowell  Institute,  and  as  such  he  interpreted  the 
will,  put  it  into  operation  and  for  forty  years 
managed  the  fund  and  engaged  the  lecturers. 
At  the  time  of  his  death  more  than  3000  lec 
tures  had  been  given  in  the  regular  courses. 
In  1850  lie  established  in  connection  with  tbe 
Lowell  Institute  a  free  drawing  school  which 
was  continued  until  1879,  and  in  1866  he  en 
tered  into  an  engagement  with  the  Massachu 
setts  Institute  of  Technology,  Boston,  whereby 
courses  of  free  lectures  are  provided  for  advanced 
students.  These  lectures,  known  as  the  Lowell 
Free  Courses  of  Instruction  under  the  supervi 
sion  of  the  Institute,  comprise  nearly  150  an 
nual  lectures  on  science,  language,  history,  archi 
tecture  and  engineering.  Mr.  Lowell  also  inaug 
urated  in  connection  with  the  bequest  many 
unique  educational  plans,  including  courses  of 
instruction  in  science  for  the  teachers  of  Boston, 
instruction  by  lectures  to  workingmen.  and  the 
Lowell  School  of  Practical  Design,  established  in 
1872.  Fora  further  account  of  Mr.  Lowell's  woik 
[148] 


LOWELL 


LOWELL 


as  trustee  see  "  History  of  the  Lowell  Institute" 
(1898),  by  Harriette  Knight  Smith.  Mr.  Lowell 
was  twice  married  :  first  in  Boston,  Feb.  14, 1822, 
to  Susan  Cabot,  daughter  of  Francis  Cabot  and 
Hannah  (Jackson)  Lowell,  who  died  Aug.  15, 
1827  ;  and  secondly  at  Salem,  Mass.,  April  2, 
1829,  to  Elizabeth  Cabot,  daughter  of  Judge 
Samuel  and  Sarah  (Gooll)  Putnam,  and  their  son, 
Augustus  Lowell,  born  Jan.  lit,  1830,  succeeded 
as  trustee  of  the  Lowell  Institute.  He  was  a 
fellow  of  Harvard,  1837-7?  ;  a  member  of  the 
Linnean  society,  London,  of  the  Massachusetts 
Historical  society,  and  a  fellow  of  the  American 
Academy  of  Arts  and  Sciences.  He  received 
from  Harvard  the  honorary  degree  of  LL.D.  in 
1851.  He  died  in  Boston,  Mass.,  Oct.  31,  1881. 

LOWELL,  Josephine  Shaw,  humanitarian, 
was  born  in  West  Roxbury,  Mass.,  Dec.  16,  1343; 
-daughter  of  Francis  George  and  Sarah  Blake 
(Sturgis)  Shaw,  and  a  sister  of  Col.  Robert  Gould 
Shaw  (q.v.).  In  1851  she  went  abroad  with  her 
parents,  returning  in  1855,  when  they  made 
Staten  Island  their  home.  She  attended  schools 
iu  New  York  and  Boston.  She  was  married,  Oct. 
31,  1863,  to  Col.  Charles  Russell  Lowell  (q.v.). 
.She  took  an  active  interest  in  the  sanitary  com 
mission  during  the  civil  war,  and  after  her  hus 
band's  deatli  devoted  herself  to  work  for  the 
freeclmeii  and  to  philanthropy  and  reform.  She 
was  appointed  a  member  of  the  New  York  state 
board  of  charities  by  Governor  Tilden  in  1876, 
and  served  until  1889,  having  been  reappointed 
by  Governors  Robinson  and  Cornell.  She  was 
one  of  the  founders  of  the  Charity  Organization 
society  of  New  York  city  in  1881.  She  advocated 
the  rights  of  labor  and  of  labor  organizations,  and 
became  interested  in  civil  service  reform  and  in 
prison  reform.  In  1899  she  was  appointed  by 
Governor  Roosevelt  a  member  of  the  board  of 
managers  of  the  New  York  State  Reformatory 
for  Women.  She  is  the  author  of  :  Public  Relief 
and  Private  Charity  (1884);  Industrial  Arbitra 
tion  and  Conciliation  (1893),  and  contributions  to 
periodicals. 

LOWELL,  Joshua  A.,  representative,  was 
born  in  Thomaston,  Maine,  March  20,  1801;  son  of 
Rossamus  and  Deborah  (Keen)  Lowell ;  grandson 
of  Reuben  and  Priscilla  (Bartlett)  Lowell  ;  great- 
grandson  of  Stephen  and  Miriam  (Collins)  Lowell ; 
great'2-grandson  of  Captain  Gideon  and  Miriam 
(Swett)  Lowell  ;  great3-grandson  of  Richard  and 
Margaret  Lowell,  and  a  descendant  in  the  eighth 
generation  of  Percival  and  Rebecca  Lowle.  1639. 
His  mother  was  of  Scottish  ancestry.  He  acquired 
his  education  without  help  from  his  father  from 
whom  he  purchased  his  time  in  1819.  He  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  East  Machias,  Maine,  in 
September.  1826;  to  the  LT.S.  circuit  court  in 
1836,  and-  to  the  U.S.  supreme  court  at  Wash- 

[1491 


ington,  D.C.,  in  1840.  He  was  married  in  1827  to 
Miranda  Turner  of  East  Machias.  He  was  a 
Democratic  representative  in  the  Maine  legisla 
ture  in  1831,  1832,  1835  and  1837  ;  a  representative 
from  Maine  in  the  26th  and  27th  congresses, 
1839-43,  and  a  presidential  elector  on  the  Polk 
and  Dallas  ticket  in  1845.  He  devoted  his  leisure 
time  to  scientific  farming.  He  died  in  East 
Machias,  Maine,  March  13,  1873. 

LOWELL,  Percival,  astronomer,  was  born 
in  Boston,  Mass.,  March  13,  1855  ;  son  of  Augus 
tus  and  Katlierine  Bigelow  (Lawrence)  Lowell. 
He  was  graduated  from  Harvard  with  the  degree 
A.B.  in  1876.  For  several  years  he  resided  in 
Japan  and  while  there  in  1883  was  appointed 
secretary  and  counsellor  to  the  Corean  special 
commission  to  the  United  States,  the  first  em 
bassy  sent  from  there  to  any  Occidental  power. 
In  1894  he  established  the  Lowell  observatory, 
Flagstaff,  Ariz.  In  1896  this  observatory  was  for 
a  time  removed  to  the  city  of  Mexico.  He  deliv 
ered  before  the  Lowell  Institute  six  lectures  on 
"  Japanese  Occultism "  in  1893-94,  and  four 
lectures  on  "The  Planet  Mars  "  in  1894-95.  He 
was  elected  a  fellow  of  the  American  Academy 
of  Arts  and  Sciences  ;  a  member  of  the  Royal 
Asiatic  Society  of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland, 
of  the  American  Philosophical  society  of  Phila 
delphia  and  of  the  American  Oriental  society. 
He  is  the  author  of :  Choson :  the  Land  of  the 
Morning  Calm  (1885)  ;  The  Soul  of  the  Far  East 
(1888)  ;  Noto  :  an  Unexplored  Corner  of  Japan 
(1891)  ;  Occult  Japan,  or  the  Way  of  the  Gods 
(1895)  ;  Mars  (1895) ;  and  scientific  papers. 

LOWELL,  Robert  Traill  Spence,  clergyman, 
was  born  in  Boston,  Mass.,   Oct.  8,    1816  ;  son  of 
the  Rev.  Charles  and  Harriet  Bracket  (Spence) 
Lowell.     He  was  pre 
pared    for  college  at 
Round     Hill     school, 
Northampton,  Mass., 
under      Joseph        G. 
Cogswell  and  George 
Bancroft,  1823-28.and 
was    graduated  from 
Harvard,   A.B.,   1833, 
A.M.,  1836.     He   stu 
died      medicine        at 
Harvard    for   a  time, 
and      was    employed 
by  his  brother  Charles 
Russell  Lowell,  a  lead 
ing  merchant,  in  Bos 
ton,  Mass.     He   com 
menced   the   study   of   theology  in   1839,  and   on 
the  invitation  of  Bishop  Spencer  of  Newfound 
land,    went    to   Hamilton,    Bermuda,    where   he 
was   ordered    deacon    in  1842,  ordained   priest  in 
1843,   and    served    as  domestic    chaplain  to   the 


LOWNDES 


LO  \VXDES 


bishop  and  as  inspector  of  schools.  He  was 
rector  at  Bay  Roberts,  Newfoundland,  1843-47. 
During  the  famine  there  in  184fi,  his  medical 
training  enabled  him  to  serve  as  chairman  of  the 
relief  committee  of  the  district  and  for  his  ser 
vices  he  received  the  thanks  of  the  government 
and  of  the  people.  lie  was  married  Oct.  28, 
1845,  to  Mary  Ann,  daughter  of  James  and  Har 
riet  (Constable)  Duane  of  Duane.  N.Y.  He 
returned  to  the  United  States  in  184T,  on  account 
of  failing  health,  and  did  mission  work  among 
the  poor  in  Newark.  N. J.  He  organized  Christ 
church,  and  in  184(J-50  built  a  stone  edifice, 
serving  as  rector,  1850-59.  He  was  rector  of 
Christ  church,  Duanesburg,  N.Y. ,  1839-69;  head 
master  of  St.  Mark's  school  at  Southboro.  Mass., 
1869-73,  and  professor  of  Latin  language  and 
literature  at  Union  college,  Schenectady,  N.Y., 
1873-79.  He  received  the  degree  of  U.D.  from 
Union  in  1864.  He  is  the  author  of  :  The  Xeic 
Priest  in  Conception  Bay  (2  vols.,  1858)  ;  Fresh 
Hearts  that  Failed  Three  Thousand  Years  Ago, 
and  other  Tit  ings  (1860);  Poems  (1864)  ;  Antony 
Brade  (1874)  ;  Bnrgoyne's  March  (the  poem  at  the 
Saratoga  Centennial  celebration  at  Bemis  Heights, 
1877)  ;  A  Story  or  Two  from  a  Dutch  Town  (1878). 
He  died  in  Schenectady.  N.Y.,  Sept.  12,  1891. 

LOWNDES,  Arthur,  clergyman  and   author, 
was   born   in    London,    England,   June  13,   1858. 
He  was  educated  at  St.  Germain-en-Laye,  France, 
King's  College  school,  and  King's  college,  Lon 
don.     He  came  to  America  in  1880  and  entered 
the  ministry  of  the  Anglican  church,  1884.  being- 
ordained  deacon  and 
priest    in    the   cathe 
dral  church,  Frederic- 
ton,      N.B..     by     the 
Most  Rev.  the  Metro 
politan,      Dr.      John 
Medley.        He      was 
rector  of  Prince  Wil 
liam.      1884-89:       in 
charge       of       Doane 
Memorial          chapel, 
South  Amboy,    N.J., 
1889-91  ;      rector      of 
St.  Mark's,  Phihnont, 
N.Y.,   1891-94:  chap 
lain    of    St.  Gabriel's 
school,          Peekskill, 

N.Y.,  1894-98.  and  became  rector  of  the  Church 
of  the  Transfiguration,  Freeport.  N.Y.,  in  1898. 
He  contributed  to  the  American  Church  Review 
and  the  Church  Eclectic,  of  which  latter  magazine 
he  became  editor  in  1900.  He  received  the  degrees 
D.D.  from  Hobart  and  LL.D.  from  Rutherford 
in  1896.  He  is  the  author  of  :  Vindication  of 
Anglican  Orders  (2  vols.  1897) .  This  work  was  sent 
out  to  all  the  bishops  in  Christendom  not  owing 


[150] 


allegiance  to  the  see  of  Koine  with  an  encyclical 
printed  in  English  and  modern  Greek  dated 
June  24,  1899.  This  encyclical  was  the  first 
issued  in  America  and  the  first  since  the  Reform 
ation,  by  any  Anglican  bishops,  and  was  signed 
by  the  bishops  of  Long  Island.  Springfield  and 
Delaware. 

LOWNDES,  Charles,  naval  officer,  was  born 
in  Kent  county,  Md.,  in  1798  ;  son  of  Charles  and 
Elizabeth  (Lloyd)  Lowndes.  He  entered  the 
U.S.  navy  as  a  midshipman,  March  18.  1815  ; 
was  promoted  lieutenant.  Jan.  13.  1825  ;  com 
mander,  Sept.  8,  1X41  ;  and  captain,  Sept.  14. 
1855.  He  commanded  the  steam  sloop  Hartford, 
1860-61,  and  was  placed  on  the  retired  list.  Dec. 
21,  1861.  He  was  promoted  commodore  on  the 
retired  list  July  16,  1862.  and  served  as  a  prize 
commissioner,  1854-65.  He  was  married.  May 
24,  1824.  to_  Sally  Scott,  daughter  of  Gov.  Edward 
and  Sally  Scott  (Murray)  Lloyd.  Commodore 
Lowndes  died  in  Easton.  Md..  Dec.  14.  1885. 

LOWNDES,  Lloyd,  governor  of  Maryland,  was 
born  in  Clarksburg,  Ya..  Feb.  21.  1845:  son  of 
Lloyd  and  Maria  Elizabeth  (Moore)  Lowndes: 
grandson  of  Charles  and  Elizabeth  (Lloyd)  Lown 
des  ;  and  great-grandson  of  Gov.  Edward  Lloyd 
and  of  Christopher  Lowndes,  who  emigrated  from 
England,  settling  in  Bladensburg,  D.C.,  before  the 
national  capital  was  located  at  Washington,  and 
married  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Gov.  Benjamin 
Tasker.  Lloyd  attended  Clarksburg  academy, 
studied  at  Washington  college,  Pa..  1861-63,  and 
was  graduated  from  Allegheny  college.  Pa., 
with  honors  in  1865,  and  from  the  University  of 
Tennessee,  LL.B.,  18(57.  He  was  married  in 
December,  1869,  to  Elizabeth  Tasker  Lowndes 
and  settled  in  Cumberland,  Md.,  where  his  father 
had  started  in  business,  lie  was  a  Republican 
representative  in  the  43d  congress.  1873-75.  but 
was  defeated  for  re-election  in  1874  by  William 
Walsh.  He  was  elected  president  of  the  Second 
National  bank  of  Cumberland.  Md..  in  1873.  He 
was  governor  of  Maryland.  1895-119.  and  was  de 
feated  in  1899  with  the  entire  Republican  ticket. 

LOWNDES,  Rawlins,  president  of  South  Car 
olina,  was  born  at  St.  Kitts,  British  West  Indies, 
January.  1721  ;  son  of  Charles  and  Ruth  (Rawlins) 
Lowndes.  and  grandson  of  Charles  and  Sarah 
Lowndes,  and  of  Henry  Rawlins.  His  father 
settled  in  Charleston,  S.C..  in  1730.  On  his 
mother's  return  to  St.  Kitts  in  1735.  he  was  placed 
in  the  family  of  Provost -Marshal  Robert  Hall, 
where  he  studied  law.  On  Mr.  Hall's  death  in 
1740,  the  office  of  provost-marshal  was  temporarily 
filled  until  1742,  when  Mr.  Lowndes  became  of 
age  and  he  was  appointed  to  the  office  and  held 
it  until  1752.  He  commenced  the  practice  of  law 
in  Charleston  in  1752.  was  a  member  of  the  South 
Carolina  legislature  and  subsequently  speaker  of 


LOWNDES 


LOWNDES 


the  liouse  and  justice  of  the  quorum.  He  received 
the  appointment  of  associate  judge  from  the 
•crown  in  1700,  and  delivered  the  first  judicial 
opinion  in  America  upon  the  Stamp  Act,  May  13, 
1760,  declaring  it,  to  l>e  against  common  rights. 
He  also  refused  to  enforce  the  use  of  the  stamped 
paper  in  his  court.  He  was  removed  from  the 
bench  by  the  governor  of  the  province  in  177.1", 
but  was  soon  after  reinstated  and  made  chief 
justice  of  South  Carolina  by  the  crown.  He  was 
.a  member  of  the  Provincial  congress  of  .South 
Carolina,  and  of  the  committee  of  safety  appointed 
in  1775.  and  also  of  the  committee  of  eleven  who 
drafted  a  constitution  for  the  province  in  1776. 
South  Carolina  declared  her  independence  of  the 
British  crown  in  March,  1770,  John  Rutledge  was 
elected  president  of  the  state  and  Mr.  Lowndes 
became  a  member  of  the  legislative  council.  He 
also  served  as  president  of  South  Carolina,  1778- 
79,  and  participated  in  the  defence  of  Charleston. 
He  subsequently  served  as  a  member  of  the  state 
senate  from  St.  Bartholomew's  parish,  and  upon 
the  declaration  of  peace  in  1783,  was  elected  a 
representative  from  Charleston  in  the  state  legis 
lature,  serving  until  the  removal  of  the  seat  of 
government  to  Columbia  in  171)0.  In  January, 
1788,  when  the  constitution  of  the  United  States 
was  submitted  to  the  states  for  adoption  he 
istrenuously  opposed  it,  objecting  principally  to 
the  restrictions  on  slavery.  He  was  married, 
Aug.  15,  1748,  to  Amarinthia,  daughter  of  Thomas 
Elliott  of  Rantoules,  Stono  River;  she  died  Jan. 
14,  1750.  He  was  married  secondly,  Dec.  23, 
1751,  to  Mary  Cartwriglit  of  Charleston,  S.C.,  and 
thirdly  about  1780,  to  Sarah  Jones  of  Georgia. 
He  died  in  Charleston,  S.C.,  Aug.  24,  1800. 

LOWNDES,  Thomas,  representative,  was  born 
in  Charleston,  S.C.,  Jan.  22,  1700  ;  son  of  Rawlins 
and  Mary  (Cartwriglit)  Lowndes.  He  was  edu 
cated  for  the  law  and  settled  in  practice  in  his 
native  city.  He  was  a  representative  in  the 
state  legislature  for  several  terms  and  in  the 
7th  and  8th  congresses,  1801-05.  He  was  chair 
man  of  the  committee  on  commerce  and  manu 
factures.  He  was  married,  March  8.  1798,  to 
Sarah  Bond,  daughter  of  Richard  Ion.  He  retired 
to  his  plantation  near  Charleston,  S.C.,  in  1.S05, 
where  he  resided  up  to  the  time  of  his  death, 
in  Charleston,  July.  S.  1S43. 

LOWNDES,  William,  statesman,  was  born 
in  Colleton  district,  S.C.,  Feb.  11.  1782;  son  of 
Governor  Rawlins  and  Sarah  (Jones)  Lowndes. 
He  attended  a  school  in  London.  England.  1789-92, 
where  he  contracted  rheumatic'  fever  that  forced 
his  return  to  South  Carolina  and  affected  his 
health  throughout  his  life,  causing  his  premature 
death.  He  continued  his  studies  in  South  Caro 
lina  at  private  schools  :  entered  the  office  of 
J)e  Saussure  &  Ford,  and  was  admitted  to  the 


1.1 


bar  in  1804.  He  was  married  in  1802  to  Elizabeth 
Brewton,  daughter  of  Gen.  Thomas  Pinckney,  of 
South  Carolina.  He  gave  up  the  practice  of  law 
after  six  months,  and  retired  to  his  plantation 
near  Charleston.  He  wrote  a  series  of  papers  de 
fending  the  proposition  that  free  ships  made  free 
goods,  and  his  A'iews  led  to  his  election  as  a 
representative  in  the  state  legislature,  where  he 
served.  1800-11.  In  1809  on  the  formation  of  the 
"Washington  light  infantry  of  Charleston,  S.C., 
he  was  elected  captain  of  the  organization.  He 
was  elected  a  representative  from  the  Beaufort 
and  Carleton  districts  to  the  12th-17th  congresses, 
1811-23,  but  resigned  in  1822,  on  account  of  con 
tinued  ill-health.  He  was  chairman  of  the  com 
mittees  on  ways  and  means,  1815-18,  coins 'and 
weights,  1818-19,  and  foreign  affairs,  1819,  and 
was  a  conspicuous  advocate  of  the  measures  that 
led  to  the  war  of  1812.  He  was  chairman  of  the 
naval  committee,  1814,  and  moved  the  vote  of 
thanks  to  Commodore  Perry  and  other  naval 
heroes  and  subsequently  obtained  a  pension  for 
the  widow  of  Commodore  Perry.  He  opposed 
privateering,  devised  the  sinking  fund,  favored 
the  Missouri  compromise  and  was  chairman  of 
the  committee  to  report  on  that  measure.  In 
the  contest  over  the  act  of  General  Jackson  in 
executing  Arbuthnot  and  Ambrister,  Represen 
tative  Lowndes  pursued  a  conciliatory  course  and 
gained  the  title  "mediator  of  the  house."  His 
retirement  caused  the  regret  of  the  entire  con 
gress,  irrespective  of  political  affiliation.  At  his 
death  Mr.  Clay  pronounced  him  the  wisest  man 
he  had  ever  met  ;  Speaker  John  W.  Taylor,  of 
New  York,  said  that  had  Mr.  Lowndes  lived  he 
would  have  been  President  of  the  United  States 
and  this  belief  was  largely  held  both  in  and  out 
of  congress  ;  and  in  after  years  Mr.  Buchanan 
spoke  of  him  in  highest  praise.  He  declined  im 
portant  cabinet  positions  and  foreign  missions 
from  Presidents  Madison  and  Monroe,  on  the 
ground  that  he  was  "  of  more  use  to  the  country  " 
in  the  house  of  representatives.  In  1821  the 
legislature  of  South  Carolina  nominated  him  for 
President  by  a  very  large  vote,  notwithstanding 
that  Mr.  Calhoun  had  accepted  the  nomination 
presented  by  the  legislature  of  Pennnsylvania, 
and  it  was  on  this  occasion  that  Mr.  Lowndes 
made  his  celebrated  remark:  "The  Presidency 
is  not  an  office  either  to  be  solicited  or  declined.'' 
lie  urged  his  friends  to  cast  the  vote  of  South 
Carolina  for  Calhoun  if  the  vote  of  the  state 
would  nominate  him.  He  visited  Europe  in  1819 
and  on  Oct.  21,  1822,  sailed  from  Philadelphia  for 
England  on  the  ship  Moss,  with  his  wife  and 
daughter,  hoping  to  regain  his  health,  but  died 
at  sea  six  days  later.  On  learning  of  his  death, 
congress,  notwithstanding  he  was  not  a  member 
at  the  time,  voted  that  both  houses  honor  his 
51] 


LOWREY 


LOWKIE 


memory  by  wearing  mourning  for  thirty  days. 
See  "  Life  and  Times  of  William  Lowndes,  of 
South  Carolina.  1782-1822  "(1900),  by  his  grand 
daughter,  Mrs.  St.  Julien  Ravenel.  He  died  at 
sea,  Oct.  27,  1822. 

LOWREY,  B.  Q.  (no  Christian  name),  educa 
tor,  was  born  in  Kossuth,  Miss.,  May  25,  1862; 
son  of  Gen.  Mark  Perrin  and  Sara  (Holmes) 
Lowrey,  and  grandson  of  Adam  and  Marguerite 
(Doss)  Lowrey.  He  was  prepared  for  college  by 
Capt.  T.  B.  Winston  at  Blue  Mountain  academy, 
and  was  graduated  at  Mississippi  college,  B.S., 
1887,  A.M.,  1890.  He  also  took  a  special  course  in 
English  at  Tulane  university,  New  Orleans,  1888- 
89.  He  was  married  July  25,  1889.  to  Mary  lee 
Booth.  He  was  professor  of  English  at  Blue 
Mountain  college,  1890-98,  and  on  the  resignation 
of  his  brother,  the  Rev.  Dr.  W.  T.  Lowrey,  in 
1898,  he  became  president  of  Blue  Mountain  col 
lege,  Tippah  county,  Miss. 

LOWREY,  Mark  Perrin,  soldier,  was  born  in 
McNairy  county,  Tenn..  Dec.  6,  1828  ;  son  of 
Adam  and  Marguerite  (Doss)  Lowrey.  Adam 
Lowrey  was  of  Scotch  descent  and  came  from  the 
north  of  Ireland  to  East  Tennessee,  early  in  the 
nineteenth  century 
settling  at  Lowrey 
Ferry  in  East  Tennes 
see.  Mark  was  a  sol 
dier  in  the  war  with 
Mexico.  1847  ;  became 
a  Baptist  minister, 
and  served  churches 
in  Farmington,  Cor 
inth,  Rienzi,  Ripley, 
and  other  north  Mis 
sissippi  points,  1852- 
61.  He  married  Sarah 
Holme  and  resided 
at  Meadow  Creek, 
Miss.  In  1861  he  was 
captain  in  and  then 

colonel  of  the  3d  Mississippi  regiment,  enlisted 
for  sixty  days,  his  regiment  going  direct  to 
Bowling  Green,  Ky.,  where  they  were  dis 
banded.  He  then  raised  the  32d  Mississippi 
regiment  for  the  war  and  was  commissioned  its 
colonel.  He  took  part  in  Bragg's  invasion  of 
Kentucky  and  was  severely  wounded  at  Perry- 
ville,  Oct.  8,  1862,  where  he  led  his  regiment  in 
Wood's  brigade.  Buckner's  division.  At  Chick- 
amauga,  Sept.  19-20,  1863.  he  commanded  Gen. 
S.  A.  M.  Wood's  brigade,  Cleburne's  division, 
Hill's  corps,  as  senior  colonel  in  command  of  the 
32ct  and  45th  Mississippi  ;  and  after  the  battle, 
when  General  Wood  resigned,  he  was  given  com 
mand  of  the  brigade  in  recognition  of  his 
gallantly.  He  covered  the  retreat  of  the  Con 
federate  army  into  Georgia  notably  at  Ringgold 


Gap,  Nov.  27,  1863,  and  when  Cleburne  succeeded 
to  the  command  of  Hardee's  corps  he  became 
commander  of  Cleburne's  division.  At  the  battle 
of  Franklin,  Nov.  30.1864,  when  General  Cleburne 
was  killed,  General  Lowrey  succeeded  to  the 
command  of  the  division,  and  soon  after,  when 
Gen.  John  C.  Brown  was  severely  wounded,  he  was 
transferred  to  the  command  of  Cheatham's  divi 
sion,  which  he  led  in  the  battle  of  Nashville,  Dec. 
15-16,  1864.  after  the  battle  covering  the  retreat 
of  the  Confederate  army.  During  his  service  in 
the  army,  General  Lowrey  preached  regularly  to 
the  soldiers,  and  on  one  occasion  baptized  up 
wards  of  forty  soldiers,  going  into  the  water  in 
his  major-general's  uniform.  At  the  close  of  the 
war  he  resumed  his  missionary  duties,  and  re 
organized  the  Baptist  churches  throughout  the 
state.  He  edited  the  Mississippi  department  in 
the  Baptist,  Memphis,  and  contributed  to  the 
Christian  Index.  He  founded  the  Blue  Mountain 
Female  college  in  1873,  and  was  its  president, 
1873-85,  when  he  was  succeeded  by  his  son, 
William  Tyndale  Lowrey  (q.  v. ).  He  refused 
political  office  when  urged  to  stand  as  candidate 
for  U.S.  senator,  for  representative  in  congress 
and  for  governor  of  the  state.  While  president  of 
the  college,  he  was  active  pastor  of  the  churches  at 
Blue  Mountain  and  at  Ripley  ;  for  ten  years  was 
president  of  the  Mississippi  Baptist  state  conven 
tion,  and  was  a  trustee  of  the  University  of 
Mississippi,  1872-76.  He  received  the  honorary 
degree  of  D.D.  from  Mississippi  college.  He 
died  suddenly,  surrounded  by  a  company  of  his 
pupils,  in  the  waiting-room  of  the  railroad  depot, 
Middleton.  Tenn.,  Feb.  27,  1885. 

LOWREY,  William  Tyndale,  educator,  was 
born  at  Meadow  Creek,  Miss.,  March  3,  1858  ;  son 
of  Gen.  Mark  Perrin  and  Sara  (Holmes)  Lowrey, 
and  grandson  of  Adam  and  Marguerite  (Doss)  Low 
rey.  He  prepared  for  college  at  the  Blue  Mountain 
academy;  was  graduated  from  Mississippi  college, 
A.B.,  1881,  A.M.,  1884  ;  attended  the  Southern 
Baptist  Theological  seminary,  1881-85,  and  was 
president  of  the  Female  college,  Blue  Mountain, 
Miss.,  1885-98.  He  was  married,  Sept.  1,  1886,  to 
Theodosia,  daughter  of  the  Rev.  James  Bryant 
Searcy,  D.D.,  of  Biloxi.  Miss.  In  July,  1898,  lie 
accepted  the  presidency  of  Mississippi  college, 
Clinton,  Miss. 

LOWRIE,  John  Cameron,  clergyman,  was 
born  in  Butler,  Pa.,  Dec.  16.  1808  ;  son  of  Senator 
Walter  and  Amelia  (McPherrin)  Lowrie,  and 
grandson  of  John  and  Catherine  (Cameron) 
Lowrie,  who  were  born  and  married  in  Scotland, 
and  came  to  America  with  their  son,  Walter,  in 
1792.  John  C.  Lowrie  was  graduated  from  Jeffer 
son  college.  Canonsburg,  Pa.,  in  1829  ;  studied  at 
the  Western  Theological  seminary,  Allegheny, 
Pa.,  1829-32  ;  was  licensed  to  preach  by  the  pres- 
[152] 


LOWKIE 


LOWRIE 


bytery  of  Ohio,  June  21,  1832  ;  studied  at  Prince- 
toil  Theological  seminary,  1832-33,  and  was  or 
dained  by  the  presbytery  of  New  Castle,  May  23, 
1833.  He  was  sent  out  by  the  Western  Foreign 
Missionary  society  as  a  missionary  to  Northern 
India  in  1833,  and  returned  in  1836  on  account  of 
failing  health.  He  was  married  in  1833  to  Louisa, 
daughter  of  Thomas  Wilson,  of  Morgantown,  Va., 
who  died  in  India,  and  secondly  in  1838  to  Eliza 
beth,  daughter  of  Samuel  Boyd,  of  New  York 
city.  He  was  assistant  secretary  of  the  Presby 
terian  Board  of  Foreign  Missions,  1838-50,  corre 
sponding  secretary,  1830-91,  and  secretary  em 
eritus,  1891-1900.  He  was  pastor  of  the  42d  Street 
Presbyterian  church,  New  York  city,  1845-50,  and 
moderator  of  the  general  assembly  of  the  Presby 
terian  church  in  18(55.  He  received  the  degree  of 
D.D.  from  Miami  university,  Ohio,  in  1853.  He 
edited  the  Foreign  Missionary  Chronicle  (1838- 
49);  the  Foreign  Record  (1850-53,  and  1861-86), 
and  the  Foreign  Missionary  (1842-65).  He  con 
tributed  articles  and  sermons  to  the  Princeton 
Review,  and  is  the  author  of  :  Travels  in  North 
India  (1841),  reissued  as  Tiro  Years  in,  Upper 
India  (1850);  A  Manual  of  the  Foreign  Missions 
of  the  Presbyterian  Church  in  the  United  States 
of  America  (1855);  Missionary -Papers  (1882); 
Presbyterian  Missions  (1893);  and  Memoirs  of 
Hon.  Walter  Lowrie  (1896).  He  died  at  East 
Orange,  N.  J.,  May  31,  1900. 

LOWRIE,  John  Marshall,  clergyman,  was 
born  in  Pittsburg,  Pa.,  July  16,  1817  ;  son  of  Mat 
thew  and  Sarah  (Anderson)  Lowrie,  and  nephew 
of  Senator  Walter  Lowrie  (q.v.).  He  was  gradu 
ated  from  Lafayette  college  in  1840,  and  from 
Princeton  Theological  seminary  in  1843.  He  was 
licensed  to  preach  by  the  Newton  presbytery, 
April  27,  1842,  and  was  ordained  at  Blairstown, 
N.J.,  Oct.  18,  1843.  He  was  pastor  at  Blairs- 
town  and  Knowlton.  N.J.,  1843-45;  at  Wellsville, 
Ohio,  1846-50  :  at  Lancaster,  Ohio,  1850-56.  and 
at  Fort  Wayne,  1856-67.  He  received  the  degree 
of  D.D.  from  Miami  university  in  1858.  lie  is 
the  author  of:  Adam  and  His  Times  (1862): 
Esther  and  Her  Times  (1862);  The  Hebrew  Lair 
Giver  (1866);  .1  Week  with  Jesus  (1866):  The 
Translated  Prophet  (1868);  Tlie  Prophet  Elijah 
(1869);  TJie,  Life  of  David  (I860);  and  a  tract  en 
titled  :  The  Christian  iu  the  Church  (1879).  He 
died  at  Fort  Wayne.  Ltd.,  Sept.  26.  1867. 

LOWRIE,  Jonathan  Roberts,  lawyer  and 
botanist,  was  born  in  Butler,  Pa..  March  16, 
1823;  son  of  Walter  and  Amelia  (McPherrin) 
Lowrie.  He  was  graduated  from  Jefferson  col 
lege  in  1842,  and  studied  law  with  his  cousin, 
Walter  Hoge  Lowrie  (q.v.).  He  practised  at 
Holidaysburg,  Pa.,  1846-54,  and  at  Warrior's 
Mark.  Pa.,  in  1854-85.  He  devoted  much  time  to 
the  study  of  botany  and  to  the  cultivation  of  an 


arboretum  on  his  estate.  He  made  a  large  collec 
tion  of  rare  plants  and  discovered  one  new  species, 
Prunus  Alleghaniensis,  and  others  new  to  the 
state  of  Pennsylvania.  He  was  married,  Feb.  15 
1848,  to  Mary,  daughter  of  John  Lyon,  and  after 
her  death  to  Matilda,  daughter  of  the  Rev.  Dr. 
Nassau.  He  served  as  a  ruling  elder  in  the  Pres 
byterian  church  for  several  years.  He  died  at 
Warriorsmark,  Pa.,  Dec.  10,  1885. 

LOWRIE,  Randolph  Washington,  clergyman, 
was  born  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  Jan.  26,  1839  ;  son 
of  William  Frederick  and  Margaret  Elizabeth 
(Sheriff)  Lowrie,  and  grandson  of  Levi  and 
Matilda  (Wilson)  Sheriff.  His  father,  a  native 
of  Nottinghamshire,  England,  emigrated  to  Amer 
ica  in  1828.  He  attended  Bladensburg  academy, 
Md.,  and  studied  law,  but  abandoned  it  for  the 
ministry  in  1861.  He  was  admitted  to  the  diaco- 
nate  in  1863,  and  wras  ordained  priest  in  1865,  at 
Baltimore,  Md.  ;  was  curate  in  St.  A 1  ban's  and 
the  Ascension  parishes,  Washington,  D.C.,  1863- 
65  ;  rector  of  the  Church  of  Incarnation,  Wash 
ington,  1865-71  ;  of  St.  Paul's,  Winona,  Minn., 
1873-78  ;  curate  of  a  parish  in  Prince  George's 
county,  diocese  of  Washington,  1885-91,  co- 
editor  for  some  years  of  the  Church  Press,  New 
York  city,  and  literary  editor  on  several  other 
corps.  He  received  the  honorary  degree  of  M.A. 
from  Trinity  college,  Hartford,  in  1885.  and  that 
of  D.D.  from  St.  John's  college,  Annapolis,  in 
1898.  He  is  the  author  of  :  History  of  the  English 
Church  (1874-80);  How  to  Behave  in  the  Parish 
(1881);  The  English  Church  for  American  Chil 
dren  (1883);  Openly  before  the  Church  (1884), 
and  many  poems,  among  them,  TJie  Rock  of 
Israel  (1875),  and  Ship  of  My  Soul.  He  fur 
nished  articles  for  Johnson's  Universal  Cyclo 
pedia  ;  also  contributed  to  various  American 
periodicals,  and  wrote  many  carols,  poems,  songs 
and  hymns. 

LOWRIE,  Reuben  Post,  teacher  and  mission 
ary,  was  born  in  Butler,  Pa.,  Nov.  24,  1827; 
son  of  Walter  and  Amelia  (McPherrin)  Lowrie. 
He  was  graduated  from  the  University  of  the 
City  of  New  York  in  1846,  and  from  Princeton 
Theological  seminary  in  1849.  He  was  princi 
pal  of  an  academy  at  Wyoming,  Pa.,  1849-51  ; 
assistant  professor  of  the  Greek  and  Latin  lan 
guages  and  literature  in  the  University  of  the 
City  of  New  York,  1851-52,  and  during  the  vaca 
tions  of  1851-52,  a  teacher  in  the  Spencer  academy 
of  the  Choctaw  Indian  mission.  He  was  or 
dained  an  evangelist  by  the  presbytery  of 
Luzerne.  Pa.,  March  22,  1854.  He  was  married, 
March  29,  1854,  to  Amelia  Palmer,  daughter  of 
James  N.  Tuttle,  and  she  accompanied  him  to 
Shanghai,  China,  on  his  missionary  duties  in 
1854.  He  spent  the  remainder  of  his  life  there, 
and  devoted  himself  to  the  study  of  the  Chinese 

1531 


LOWRIE 


LOWRIE 


language.  He  translated  the  shorter  catechism, 
a  catechism  of  the  Old  Testament  history,  and  a 
commentary  on  St.  Matthew's  gospel,  into  the 
Shanghai  colloquial  dialect.  He  also  devoted 
himself  to  the  completion  of  a  Dictionary  of  the 
Four  Books  which  had  been  begun  by  his  brother, 
the  Rev.  Walter  Macon  Lowrie  (q.  v.).  He  died 
in  Shanghai,  China.  April  26,  I860. 

LOWRIE,  Samuel  Thompson,  clergyman, 
was  born  in  Pittsburg,  Pa.,  Feb.  8,  1835  ;  son  of 
Walter  H.  and  Rachel  A.  (Thompson)  Lowrie  ; 
grandson  of  Mathew  B.  and  Sarah  (Anderson) 
Lowrie,  and  of  Samuel  and  Mary  (Parke)  Thomp 
son,  and  a  descendant  of  John  and  Catherine 
(Cameron)  Lowrie.  John  Lowrie  (born  in  Scot 
land,  Sept.  20,  1751)  came  with  his  family  to  the 
United  States  in  1792.  and  settled  in  Butler 
county.  Pa.  Mathew  B.  Lowrie  was  born  May 
12.  1778,  in  Scotland,  came  to  the  United  States 
with  his  father,  spent  most  of  his  life  in  Pitts- 
burg,  Pa.,  and  was  an  older  brother  of  Walter 
Lowrie  (q.  v.).  Samuel  T.  Lowrie  was  graduated 
from  Miami  university,  A.B.,  1852.  A.M.,  1854  ; 
from  the  Western  Theological  seminary  in  1856. 
and  was  licensed  the  same  year  by  the  presbytery 
of  Ohio  ;  studied  at  the  University  of  Heidel 
berg,  1856-57,  and  at  the  University  of  Berlin  in 
1863.  He  was  ordained  by  the  presbytery  of 
Huntingdon  in  1858,  and  was  pastor  of  Presbyte 
rian  churches  at  Alexandria,  Pa.,  1858-63  ;  Phila 
delphia,  Pa.,  1865-69  ;  Abington,  Pa.,  1869-74  ; 
Ewing,  N.J.,  1879-85,  and  co-pastor  of  Wylie 
Memorial  church  at  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  1891-96. 
He  was  professor  of  New  Testament  literature 
and  exegesis  at  the  Western  Theological  seminary, 
Allegheny,  Pa.,  1874-78,  and  was  chaplain  of  the 
Presbyterian  hospital  at  Philadelphia,  1886-89. 
In  1893  he  became  corresponding  secretary  of  the 
Presbyterian  Historical  society,  and  in  1893  was 
elected  a  director  of  the  Princeton  Theological 
seminary.  He  was  married  Sept.  6,  1860,  to 
»Sarah  A.  Hague,  who  died  March  6.  1862,  and 
secondly  March  5,  1867,  to  Elizabeth  A.,  daughter 
of  the  Rev.  H.  S.  Dickson.  of  West  Chester,  Pa. 
The  honorary  degree  of  D.D.  was  conferred  upon 
him  by  Washington  and  Jefferson  college  in 
1875.  He  was  the  principal  translator  of  the 
commentary  on  Isaiah  and  Numbers  in  the 
Lange-Schaff  Bible  work,  and  is  author  of  :  An 
Explanation  of  the  Epistle  to  the  He.bre.irs  (1884) ; 
TJte  Lord's  Supper  (1888);  and  translator  of 
Beyond  the  Sea  (1885). 

LOWRIE,  Walter,  senator,  was  born  in  Edin 
burgh,  Scotland,  Dec.  10,  1784  ;  son  of  John  and 
Catherine  (Cameron)  Lowrie.  He  came  to  the 
United  States  with  his  parents  in  1792.  They 
settled  first  on  a  farm  in  Huntingdon  county, 
Pa.,  and  later  removed  to  Butler  county.  He 
was  prepared  for  the  ministry  by  the  Rev.  John 


MePherrin,  the  first  Presbyterian  minister  in 
Butler  county,  but  took  up  the  study  of  law  and 
entered  political  life.  He  was  married  in  1808  to 
Amelia,  daughter  of  the  Rev.  John  MePherrin. 
She  died  in  1832,  and  he  married,  secondly,  in 
1833,  Mary  K..  daughter  of  Joshua  Childs,  of 
Springfield.  Mass.  He  was  a  state  senator  from 
Butler  county,  1811-18,  and  U.S.  senator,  1819-25. 
During  his  senatorial  term  he  was  regarded  as  an 
authority  on  questions  of  political  history  and 
constitutional  law.  He  was  secretary  of  the 
U.S.  senate.  1825-36  ;  corresponding  secretary  of 
the  Western  Foreign  Missionary  society,  1836-37, 
and  of  the  Presbyterian  board  of  foreign  missions, 
1837-68.  He  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Con 
gressional  prayer-meeting  and  the  Congressional 
temperance  society,  and  was  for  many  years  a 
member  of  the  executive  committee  of  the 
American  Colonization  society.  He  died  in  New 
York  city,  Dec.  14.  1868. 

LOWRIE,  Walter  Hoge,  jurist,  was  born  in 
Armstrong  county,  Pa..  March  31,  1807  ;  son  of 
Matthew  and  Sarah  (Anderson)  Lowrie.  He  was 
graduated  from  the  Western  University  of  Penn 
sylvania  in  1826,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar, 
Aug.  4,  1829.  He  established  himself  in  practice 
in  Pittsburg.  Pa.,  and  was  judge  of  the  district 
court  of  Allegheny  county,  1846-51  ;  justice  of 
the  supreme  court  of  Pennsylvania,  1851-57,  and 
chief  justice,  1857-63.  He  resumed  practice  in 
Pittsburg,  Pa.,  in  1863.  and  later  became  presi 
dent  judge  of  the  court  of  common  pleas  of 
Crawford  county,  which  position  he  retained 
until  his  death.  He  was  ruling  elder  in  the 
Second  Presbyterian  church.  Pittsburg,  Pa.,  for 
many  years  ;  was  a  trustee  of  the  Western  Uni 
versity  of  Pennsylvania,  1851-55,  and  received  the 
degree  of  LL.D.  from  Washington  college,  Pa.,  in 
1852.  He  contributed  to  the  Princeton  Repertory 
and  other  periodicals,  and  his  published  communi 
cations  to  the  American  Philosophical  society 
include  Origin  of  Tides,  and  Cosmical  Motion. 
Many  of  his  judicial  opinions  were  also  printed. 
He  died  in  Meadville.  Pa..  Nov.  14,  1876. 

LOWRIE,  Walter  Macon,  missionary,  was 
born  in  Butler,  Pa.,  Feb.  18,  1819;  son  of  Wal 
ter  and  Amelia  (MePherrin)  Lowrie.  He  was 
graduated  from  Jefferson  college  in  1837,  and 
from  Princeton  Theological  seminary  in  18-10; 
and  was  ordained  evangelist  by  the  second 
Presbytery  of  New  York,  Nov.  9,  1841.  He  was 
sent  as  a  foreign  missionary  to  Macao,  China,  by 
the  second  presbytery  of  New  York  in  January, 
1842,  and  after  three  years  of  labor  at  this  sta 
tion,  lie  removed  in  1S45  to  Ningpo.  He  made  a 
journey  to  the  city  of  Shanghai  in  the  summer  of 
1847  to  attend  a  conference  of  missionaries,  and 
on  his  return  voyage  his  vessel  was  attacked  by 
pirates  and  he  was  thrown  overboard.  He  was 


D54] 


LOWRY 


LOWRY 


unmarried.  He  is  the  author  of :  TJie  Land  of 
Sinai,  or  an  Exposition  of  Isuiult  XLIX.  1;J 
(1850);  Sermons  Preached  in.  China  (1851 ).  His 
Memoir  was  edited  by  his  father  and  published 
in  1849.  He  died  in  the  China  sea,  Aug.  1<J,  1847. 
LOWRY,  Joseph  Edmond,  educator,  was  born 
in  Monroe  county,  Tenn..  May  11,  1868;  son  of 
Hugh  Kelso  and  Isabella  (Cook)  Lowry,  and 
grandson  of  William  and  Nancy  (Kelso)  Lowry 
and  of  Jacob  and  Mary  (Shields)  Cook.  He  at 
tended  the  High  school  in  London,  Tenn.,  and  was 
graduated  from  Hiwassee  college,  A.B.,  1886, 
A.M.,  1889.  He  was  admitted  to  the  Holston  con 
ference  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church  south, 
Oct.  3,  1888,  and  served  charges  in  Maynardville, 
Knoxville.  Louisville,  Madisonville,  and  Philadel 
phia,  Tenn.  He  was  married  July  19,  1892,  to 
Mary  Cordelia  Ault  of  Knoxville,  Term.  On  May 

20,  1898,  he    was  elected    president   of  Hiwassee 
college  and   was  re-elected  to  that  position  May 

21,  1900. 

LOWRY,  Robert,  representative,  was  born  in 
Ireland  in  1822.  His  parents  immigrated  to  the 
United  States  and  located  in  Rochester,  N.Y., 
where  he  attended  the  public  schools.  He  was 
librarian  of  the  Rochester  Athenaeum  and  Young 
Men's  Christian  Association  ;  studied  law,  and  in 
1843  removed  to  Fort  Wayne,  Ind.  He  was  city 
recorder  of  Fort  Wayne  in  1844,  and  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  1845.  and  settled  in  practice  in  Go- 
shen,  Ind.,  in  1846.  He  was  appointed  judge  of 
the  10th  circuit  in  1852  to  fill  out  an  unexpired 
term  ;  was  the  defeated  candidate  on  the  Demo 
cratic  ticket  for  representative  in  the  35th  con 
gress  in  1856  ;  was  president  of  the  Democratic 
state  convention  that  year,  and  one  of  the  four 
delegates-at-large  to  the  Democratic  national 
convention  at  Charleston,  April  23  and  Balti 
more,  June  18,  1860.  He  practised  law  in 
Chicago,  111.,  1861-62  ;  was  judge  of  the  10th 
Indiana  circuit.  1864-75  ;  was  the  defeated  candi 
date  for  representative  in  the  40th  congress  in 
1866  and  again  in  1868,  and  settled  in  practice 
in  Fort  Wayne  in  1867.  He  resigned,  and 
was  a  delegate-at-large  to  the  Democratic 
national  convention  at  Baltimore,  July  9,  1872  ; 
and  in  1875  resigned  his  circuit  judgeship 
and  became  a  member  of  the  law  firm  of 
Lowry,  Robertson  &  O'Rourke.  He  was  judge 
of  the  newly  established  superior  court  of  Allen 
county,  1877-82  ;  was  first  president  of  the  State 
Bar  association  in  1879,  and  was  a  represent 
ative  from  the  12th  Indiana  district  in  the 
48th  and  49th  congresses,  1883-87.  where  lie  was 
chairman  of  the  house  commission  to  investigate 
and  report  concerning  the  reorganization  of  the 
several  scientific  bureaus  of  the  government,  and 
of  the  committee  on  expenditures  in  the  treasury 
department. 


LOWRY,  Robert,  clergyman  and  song  writer, 
was  born  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  March  12,1826; 
son  of  Crozier  Lowry.  His  parents  \vere  mem 
bers  of  the  Associate  Presbyterian  church.  He 
joined  the  Baptist  church  April  23, 1843,  and  began 
Sunday-school  work.  He  was  graduated  at  Buck- 
nell  university  with  valedictory  honors,  A.B. , 
1854,  A.M.,  1857  ;  was  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist 
church,  Westchester,  Pa.,  1854-58  ;  the  Bloom- 
ingdale  Baptist  church,  New  York  city,  1858- 
61  ;  the  Hanson  Place  Baptist  church,  Brooklyn, 
N.Y.,  1861-69  ;  was  Crozer  professor  of  rhetoric, 
Bucknell  university,  and  pastor  of  the  Lewisburg 
Baptist  church,  1869-75  ;  curator  of  Bucknell 
university,  1875-82,  and  chancellor  of  the  board, 
1876-82.  He  removed  to  Plainfield,  N.J.,  in  1875, 
and  was  the  first  pastor  of  the  Park  Avenue  Bap 
tist  church,  1876-85.  He  made  the  tour  of 
Europe  twice,  and  in  1880  was  a  speaker  at  the 
Robert  Raikes  centennial  in  London,  England. 
He  was  twice  elected  moderator  of  the  East  New 
Jersey  Baptist  association  ;  was  for  several  years 
president  of  the  New  Jersey  Baptist  Sunday, 
school  convention,  and  a  member  of  the  New  Jer- 
sey.Baptist  Education  society.  He  received  the 
honorary  degree  of  D.D.  from  Bucknell  in  1875. 
He  edited  eighteen  collections  of  hymns  for 
church  choirs  and  Sunday  schools,  and  his  com 
positions  are  in  all  the  popular  hymnals.  He  is 
the  author  of  numerous  well  known  gospel  hymns, 
including  :  Shall  We  Gather  at  the  River  ;  I  Need 
Thee  Every  Hour ;  Where  is  My  Wandering  Boy  ; 
all  immediately  popular  in  America  and  Eng 
land.  He  died  in  Plainfield,  N.J.,  Nov.  25,  1899. 

LOWRY,  Robert,  governor  of  Mississippi,  was 
born  in  Chesterfield  district,  S.C.,  March  10, 
1829  ;  son  of  Robert  and  Jemima  (Rushing)  Lowry, 
and  grandson  of 
John  and  Temperance 
(Rushing)  Lowry.  He 
received  a  country 
school  education,  be 
came  a  lawyer  and 
practised  in  Brandon, 
Rankin  county,  Miss., 
where  he  volunteered 
in  1861  as  a  private 
in  Co.  B.  6th  Missis 
sippi  infantry,  for 
service  in  the  Con 
federate  army.  When 
the  regiment  was 
organized  lie  was 
elected  major,  and 
the  regiment  was  stationed  at  Bowling  Green, 
Ky.,  and  formed  part  of  Gen.  A.  S.  Johnston's 
army  of  the  Mississippi.  At  the  battle  of 
Shiloh  (Pittsburg  Landing),  April  6-7.  1869, 
the  6th  regiment,  which  was  part  of  Gen.  P. 

[155] 


LOY 


LOZIER 


R.  Cleburne's  brigade.  Gen.  "W.  J.  Hardee's 
corps,  lost  more  in  killed  and  wounded  accord 
ing  to  numbers  than  any  other  regiment  on 
either  side.  In  the  first  day's  fight  Major  Lowry 
was  wounded.  On  the  reorganization  of  the 
regiment  he  was  elected  colonel,  and  lie  com 
manded  the  regiment  at  the  battle  of  Corinth, 
Dec.  3-4,  1862  ;  in  the  Vicksburg  campaign,  in 
cluding  Port  Gibson.  April  30-May  1 ,  1863  ;  at 
Jackson,  May  14,  1863,  and  Baker's  Creek  or 
Champion  Hills,  May  16,  1S63  ;  throughout  the 
Georgia  campaign  in  Adams's  brigade,  Loring's 
division,  Johnston's  army,  being  for  a  time  in 
command  of  Featherstone's  brigade  ;  at  Frank 
lin,  Tenn.,  Nov.  30,  1864,  where  he  succeeded  to 
the  command  of  Adams's  brigade  when  that 
officer  was  killed,  and  he  soon  thereafter  was  ap 
pointed  brigadier-general ;  at  Nashville,  Dec.  15- 
16,  1864,  where  he  led  the  brigade  ;  and  in  the 
Carolina  campaign,  where  he  surrendered  with 
Johnston's  army,  April  26,  1865.  He  then  re 
sumed  the  practice  of  law  at  Brandon  ;  served  in 
both  branches  of  the  state  legislature,  and  was  ap 
pointed  witli  Col.  Giles  M.  Hillyer  a  commissioner 
to  visit  President  Johnson  in  1866  in  behalf  of 
Jefferson  Davis,  and  he  visited  Davis  during  his 
confinement  in  Fort  Monroe.  He  was  governor 
of  Mississippi,  1882-90,  and  president  of  the 
boards  of  trustees  of  the  University  of  Missis 
sippi,  the  Agricultural  and  Mechanical  college  at 
Starkville,  and  the  Industrial  Institute  and  Col 
lege  for  the  Education  of  White  Girls,  Columbus. 
LOY,  riatthias,  educator,  was  born  in  Cumber 
land  county,  Pa..  March  17,  182S  ;  son  of  Matthias 
andChristina  (Reaves)  Loy.  His  father  came  from 
Germany  in  1817.  He  was  graduated  from  the 
Lutheran  Theological  seminary,  Columbus,  Ohio, 
in  1849,  and  received  the  degree  of  A.M.  in  1852. 
He  was  married  Dec.  25,  1853,  to  May,  daughter 
of  Henry  Willey  of  Delaware,  Ohio.  He  was 
pastor  of  the  Lutheran  church  of  Delaware.  Ohio, 
1849-65.  In  1865  he  became  professor  in  the 
Theological  seminary  and  in  Capital  university, 
Columbus,  Ohio,  and  in  1881  he  was  elected 
president  of  Capital  university  and  subse 
quently  of  the  Theological  seminary.  In  1860 
he  was  elected  president  of  the  Evangelical 
Lutheran  Synod  of  Ohio  and  other  states  and  con 
tinued  in  that  office  by  repeated  re-election  until 
1892.  He  received  the  degree  of  D.D.  from 
Muhlenberg  college  in  1887.  He  edited  the 
Lutheran  Standard*  1864-90,  was  editor-in-chief  of 
the  Columbus  TlieoJotjical  Magazine,  1881-87,  and 
edited  a  translation  of  Luther's  "  House  Postil" 
(3  vols.,  1874-84) .  He  is  author  of  :  The  Doctrine 
of  Justification  (1862)  ;  Life  of  Luther,  transla 
tion  (1869)  :  Essay  on  the  Ministerial  Office 
(1870)  ;  Sermons  on  the  Gospels  (1887)  ;  Christian 
Prayer  (1890)  ;  The  Church  (1897). 


LOYAL,  George,  representative,  was  born  in 
Norfolk.  Va.,  May  29.  1789  ;  son  of  George  and 
Sarah  (Willoughby)  Loyall,  and  grandson  of  Paul 
Loyall,  whose  wife  \vas  Frances  Newton,  daugh 
ter  of  George  and  Alphea  (Wilson)  Newton. 
He  was  graduated  from  the  College  of  William 
and  Mary  in  1808.  He  was  a  representative  in 
the  Virginia  legislature,  1817-27;  a  delegate  to 
the  state  constitutional  convention  in  1829,  and  a 
representative  from  Virginia  in  the  21st  congress, 
as  successful  contestant  for  the  seat  of  Thomas 
Newton.  He  served  in  the  21st  congress  from 
March  9,  1830,  and  in  the  23d  and  24th  congresses, 
1833-37.  He  was  navy  agent  at  Norfolk,  Va., 
almost  continuously,  1837-61.  He  died  in  Nor 
folk,  Va.,  Feb.  24,  l"868. 

LOYZANCE,  Joseph  flarie  Rene,  educator, 
was  born  in  the  parish  of  St.  Ouen  des  Alleux, 
Rennes,  France,  March  12,  1820.  He  studied  the 
classics  and  theology  at  Rennes,  and  was  or 
dained  a  secular  priest.  On  Dec.  3,  1S49,  he  was 
received  into  the  Society  of 
Jesus  at  Vannes,  and  in  1S52 
was  sent  to  New  York  city 
and  assigned  to  the  College; 
of  St.  Francis  Xa\  ier,  of 
which  he  was  made  president 
in  1863,  and  held  the  position 
until  1870  when  he  went  to 
Canada  as  treasurer  of  St.  Mary's  college.  Mon 
treal.  He  was  afterward  superior  of  Manresa 
institute,  a  house  of  retreat,  Keyser  Island, 
South  Norwalk,  Conn.  He  died  at  Holy  Cross 
college,  Worcester,  Mass.,  Feb.  23.  1897. 

LOZIER,  Clemence  Sophia,  physician,  was 
born  in  Plainfield,  N.J.,  Dec.  11,  1812;  daughter 
of  David  Harned.  She  was  married  in  1829  to 
Abraham  W.  Lozier  of  New  York,  and  their  son, 
Dr.  Abraham  W.  Lozier,  married  Charlotte  Irene 
Denman,  who  became  a  well-known  physician. 
She  conducted  a  school  in  the  city  of  New  York, 
1837-48>  during  her  husband's  protracted  illness. 
She  became  a  member  of  the  Moral  Reform 
society,  and  after  her  husband's  death  attended 
lectures  at  the  Rochester  Eclectic  Medical  college  ; 
and  was  graduated  M.D.  from  the  Syracuse  Medi 
cal  college  in  1853.  She  engaged  in  the  practice 
of  medicine  in  New  York  city  and  rose  to  promi 
nence  as  a  surgeon  for  women.  She  gave  a  series 
of  lectures  on  medical  subjects  in  her  parlors  in 
1860,  which  resulted  in  organizing  and  establish 
ing  in  1863  the  New  York  Medical  college  and 
hospital  for  women  of  which  she  was  the  dean  of 
the  faculty  and  clinical  professor  of  the  diseases 
of  women  and  children.  She  was  also  president 
of  the  New  York  City  Woman  Suffrage  society 
and  of  the  National  Woman  Suffrage  societv,  and 
a  member  of  philanthropic  and  reform  societies. 
She  died  in  New  York  city,  April  26,  1888. 


[150] 


LUBBOCK 


LUCAS 


LUBBOCK,  Francis  Richard,  governor  of 
Texas,  was  born  in  Beaufort,  S.C.,  Oct.  16,  1815  ; 
son  of  Dr.  Henry  Thomas  Willis  and  Susan 
(Saltus)  Lubbock  and  grandson  of  Captain  Rich 
ard  and  Diana  Sophie  (Sandwich)  Lubbock  and 
of  Captain  Francis 
Saltus  of  Port  Royal, 
S.C.  Both  grand 
fathers  were  English. 
He  was  employed  as 
a  clerk  at  Charleston, 
1829-32,  and  at  Hani- 
burg,  S.C.,  1832-84; 
and  engaged  in  the 
drug  business  in  New 
Orleans,  La.,  in  18:54. 
He  was  married  Feb. 
5,  1835,  to  Adele 
Baron,  a  French  Cre- 
ole.  In  January,  1887, 
he  settled  iu  Houston , 

Texas,    and   was   one 

of  the  first  to  build  a  home  there.  He  was 
clerk  of  the  congress  of  the  Republic  of  Texas, 
1837-38  ;  comptroller,  1838  ;  and  adjutant  in 
the  Texan  army  in  the  protection  of  the  fron 
tier,  1839.  He  removed  to  Austin,  the  new  seat 
of  government,  where  he  was  comptroller  in 
1841,  and  district  clerk  of  Harris  county,  1841-56. 
He  was  secretary  of  the  first  Democratic  state  con 
vention,  1845,  and  a  Democratic  presidential  elec 
tor  in  1856.  He  was  lieutenant-governor  of  Texas, 
1857-59  ;  was  a  delegate  to  the  Charleston  and  Bal 
timore  Democratic  national  conventions  in  1860 
and  governor  of  Texas,  1861-63.  During  his  term 
he  aided  the  Confederate  States  in  its  struggle  for 
independence.  He  refused  re-nomination  in  1863, 
and  entered  the  Confederate  army  as  lieutenant- 
colonel  and  assistant  adjutant-general  in  the 
Trans-Mississippi  department,  commanded  by 
Gen.  E.  Kirby  Smith.  He  served  with  Gen.  John 
A.  Wharton,  commanding  the  entire  cavalry  in 
the  Red  river  campaign  until  its  close,  when  he 
was  appointed  to  the  staff  of  President  Davis  with 
the  rank  of  colonel  of  cavalry  in  July,  1864.  He 
went  to  Richmond.  Va.,  with  President  Davis,  and 
was  captured  with  his  chief  and  imprisoned  in 
Fort  Monroe,  and  was  removed  to  Fort  Delaware, 
where  he  remained  in  solitary  confinement  nearly 
eight  months.  He  returned  to  Houston,  Texas, 
in  December,  1865.  engaged  in  business  in  1867  at 
Gal  veston,  and  established  a  beef-packing  house  at 
Anahuac.  He  was  tax-collector  at  Galveston, 
3873-76;  president  of  the  New  York  and  Texas  Beef 
Preserving  company,  1874-75  ;  was  treasurer  of 
Texas,  1878-90,  and  during  his  office  improved 
the  financial  standing  of  the  state.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  board  of  pardon  advisers  and  of 
the  Confederate  home.  His  first  wife  died  in 


1882  and  in  1883  he  was  married  to  Mrs.  Sarah 
Elizabeth  (Black)  Porter,  daughter  of  the  Hon. 
James  Augustus  and  Elizabeth  Sarah  (Logan) 
Black,  and  widow  of  the  Rev.  Dr.  A.  A.  Porter,  a 
Presbyterian  clergy  man.  See>SV.i'  Decades  in  Texas, 
or  Memoirs  of  Francis  Richard  Lubbock  (1990). 

LUCAS,  Daniel  Bedinger,  jurist,  was  born  in 
Charleslown.  Va.,  March  16.  1836  ;  8on  of  William 
and  Virginia  (Bedinger)  Lucas,  and  descended 
from  Robert  Lucas,  General  Assembly  of 
Pennsylvania,  1683.  He  graduated  from  the 
University  of  Virginia  in  1856,  and  from 
the  law  department  of  Washington  college, 
Lexington,  in  1858.  He  practised  in  Charles- 
town.  1858-60,  and  in  Richmond,  1860-61.  In 
1861  he  was  nppointed  on  the  staff  of  Gen.  Henry 
A.  Wise,  and  at  the  close  of  the  war  returned  to 
Charlestown  and  resumed  the  practice  of  law. 
He  was  married,  Oct.  7,  1869,  to  Lena  T.,  daugh 
ter  of  Henry  L.  Brooke,  of  Richmond,  Va.  He 
was  a  presidential  elector  on  the  Grant  ticket  in 
1872,  on  the  Tilden  ticket  in  1876,  on  the  Cleve 
land  ticket  in  1884,  and  on  the  Bryan  ticket  in 
1896,  and  was  a  representative  in  the  West  Vir 
ginia  legislature,  1884-86.  In  March,  1887,  on 
the  failure  of  the  legislature  to  elect  a  U.S.  sena 
tor  as  successor  to  J.  M.  Camden,  Gov.  E.  WTillis 
Wilson  appointed  Mr.  Lucas  to  the  vacancy,  and 
in  1888,  when  the  legislature  elected  Charles  J. 
Faulkner  to  complete  the  term,  Governor  Wilson 
appointed  him  president  of  the  supreme  court  of 
appeals  of  West  Virginia,  and  he  held  the  office 
until  1893,  when  he  returned  to  his  practice.  He 
received  the  degree  of  LL.D.from  the  University 
of  West  Virginia  in  1883.  He  is  the  author  of: 
Memoir  of  John  Yates  Bell  (1865) ;  The  Wreath  of 
Eglantine  and  other  Poems  (1869);  The  Maid  of 
Northumberland  (1879);  Ballads  and  Madrigals 
(1884);  Nicaragua  and  the  Filibusters  (1895). 

LUCAS,  John  Baptiste  Charles,  representa 
tive,  was  born  in  Normandy,  France,  in  1762.  He 
was  graduated  from  the  University  of  Caen, 
D.C.L.,  in  1782,  and  practised  law  in  France.  In 
1784  he  settled  on  a  farm  near  Pittsburg,  Pa. 
He  was  a  representative  in  the  state  legislature, 
1792-98  ;  judge  of  the  court  of  common  pleas, 
1794-1802,  and  a  representative  in  the  8th  con 
gress,  1803-05.  He  was  re-elected  to  the  9th  con 
gress  in  1804,  but  resigned  in  1805  before  taking 
his  seat  in  order  to  accept  the  appointment  of 
judge  of  the  U.S.  district  court  for  the  Territory 
of  Louisiana  from  President  Jefferson.  He  re 
moved  to  St.  Louis,  the  capital,  and  the  name  of 
the  territory  was  changed  to  Missouri  in  1812  on 
the  admission  of  Louisiana  as  a  state.  He  also 
served  as  a  member  of  the  commission  for  the 
adjustment  of  land  titles.  1805-12,  and  continued 
on  the  bench  of  the  U.S.  district  court  until  1820. 
He  died  in  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  Sept.  8,  1842 
[157] 


LUCAS 


LUCAS 


LUCAS,  Robert,  governor  of  Iowa  Territory, 
was  born  at  Shepherdstovvn,  Va.,  April  1,  1781  ; 
son  of  Capt.  "William  (of  the  Revolutionary 
army)  and  Susannah  Lucas,  and  a  descendant  of 
"William  Penn.  lie  was  taught  mathematics  and 
surveying,  and  re 
moved  with  his  pa 
rents  in  1800  to  Ports 
mouth,  Scioto  county, 
Ohio.  lie  was  ap 
pointed  county  sur 
veyor  in  1803  and 
justice  of  the  peace 
for  the  town  of  Union 
in  1805.  He  was  com 
missioned  lieutenant 
in  the  state  militia 
by  Governor  Tiffin  in 
l'S03,  and  was  pro 
moted  through  the 
successive  grades  to 
that  of  major-gen 
eral  in  1818.  He  was  appointed  captain  in 
the  regular  army,  March  14,  1812,  and  was  as 
signed  to  the  19th  infantry,  July  6,  1812.  He 
served  on  the  frontier  against  the  Indians  and  in 
Canada  against  the  British,  escaping  capture  at 
the  surrender  of  General  Hull  to  the  British  on 
Aug.  16,  1812.  He  returned  to  Ohio,  resigned  his 
commission  as  captain  in  the  regular  army,  Jan. 
2,  1813,  and  was  offered  the  commission  of  lieuten 
ant-colonel,  Feb.  20,  1813,  and  that  of  colonel, 
subsequently,  but  declined  both  commissions. 
He  was  married,  April  3,  1810,  to  Elizabeth 
Brown,  who  died  Oct.  18,  1812,  and  secondly,  on 
March  7,  181G,  to  Friendly  A.  Sumner,  a  native 
of  Vermont.  He  served  as  state  representative, 
1808-09  and  1831-32,  and  as  state  senator  for  four 
teen  terms,  1814-30  ;  and  was  speaker  of  the  senate, 
1829-30.  He  presided  over  the  first  Democratic 
national  convention  at  Baltimore,  May  21,  1832. 
He  resided  in  Piketon,  Pike  county,  181C-38  ;  was 
a  presidential  elector-at-large  on  the  Jackson  and 
Calhoun  ticket  in  1828,  and  governor  of  Ohio,  1832- 
36.  He  removed  to  Iowa  Territory  in  1838,  having 
been  appointed  territorial  governor  by  President 
Van  Buren.  During  his  term  he  succeeded  in 
settling  the  boundary  line  controversy  between 
Missouri  and  Iowa,  organized  the  public-school 
system,  and  enforced  the  law  against  the  sale  of 
intoxicating  liquors.  He  settled  on  his  farm  near 
Iowa  City  in  1841  and  was  a  member  of  the  first 
state  constitutional  convention  in  184G.  He  died 
in  Iowa  City,  Iowa.  Feb.  7.  1853. 

LUCAS,  Thomas  John,  soldier,  was  born  in 
Lawrenceburg,  Tnd.,  Sept.  9,  1820;  son  of 
Frederick  and  Letitia  (Netherby)  Lucas.  His 
father,  a  native  of  Rennes,  France,  was  edu 
cated  for  the  priesthood,  but  became  a  soldier 


under  Napoleon  and    immigrated  to  the  United 
States   in    1816,  where  he   learned   the   trade   of 
watch-making  and  worked  at  his  trade  in  Balti 
more,  Md.,   Marietta   and   Cincinnati.  Ohio,  and 
at  Lawrenceburg,  Ind.,  where   he   married   and 
established  his  home. 
Thomas    learned    the 
trade  of   watch-mak 
er,    and     in    1847    he 
enlisted    in     the   4th 
Indiana  volunteers  as 
drummer     boy,     and 
the     next     day    was 
made    2d    lieutenant 
of   the  company,  and 
while   in     service    in 
Mexico    was  promot 
ed  1st  lieutenant  and 
adjutant.        He      re 
sumed    his    trade    in 
1848.       In      1861      he 
raised      a      company 

of  volunteers,  was  chosen  captain,  joined  the 
16th  Indiana  regiment,  was  promoted  lieutenant- 
colonel,  and  distinguished  himself  at  Ball's  Bluff, 
Va.,  where  he  covered  the  retreat  of  the  defeated 
federal  army.  On  Aug.  19,  1862,  he  was  chosen 
colonel  of  the  regiment,  which  re-enlisted  for 
three  years  or  during  the  war.  He  engaged  in 
the  battle  of  Richmond,  Ky.,  Aug.  28,  1862,  and 
his  regiment,  after  a  loss  of  200  men,  was  com 
pletely  routed,  escaped  to  Lexington,  Ky..  and 
was  sent  to  Indianapolis,  Ind.,  and  furlonghed. 
The  regiment  was  reorganized,  embarked  for 
Memphis,  Tenn.,  Nov.  23,  1862,  at  which  time 
the  officers  presented  Colonel  Lucas  with  a  sword, 
and  in  December  joined  Grant's  army  at  Vicks- 
burg.  being  assigned  to  the  1st  brigade,  10th  di 
vision,  13th  army  corps.  He  served  at  Weisburg, 
where  his  regiment  covered  the  retreat  from 
Chickasaw  swamp,  and  at  Arkansas  Post,  where 
his  command  made  a  charge  and  was  the  first  to 
gain  entrance  to  the  fortifications.  He  was 
slightly  wounded  three  times,  on  account  of 
which  he  went  home  on  furlough,  June  10.  1863. 
On  his  return  in  August,  1863.  he  was  assigned 
to  the  command  of  the  post  of  Vennillionville 
La.,  and  was  placed  at  the  head  of  a  cavalry 
brigade,  including  his  own  regiment,  mounted. 
Oct.  24,  1863.  lie  served  in  the  Red  River  expe 
dition,  commanding  the  1st  brigade  of  Gen.  A. 
L.  Lee's  cavalry  division,  first  in  the  advance  and 
next  in  covering  the  retreat  of  Banks's  army  at 
Alexandria,  and  led  the  advance  to  the  Missis 
sippi  in  1864.  He  was  promoted  brigadier-gen 
eral  of  volunteers,  Nov.  10,  1864,  and  commanded 
his  brigade  of  cavalry  in  the  operations  around 
Mobile,  defeated  the  Confederates  at  Claiborne. 
and  led  raids  into  western  Florida,  southern 


F1581 


LUCE 


Georgia  and  Alabama.  He  was  bre vetted  major- 
general  of  volunteers,  March  26,  1865,  and  after 
his  brigade  had  been  mustered  out  \vas  ordered 
to  New  Orleans  by  General  Sherman,  where  he 
served  until  the  affairs  of  the  French  in  Mexico 
were  settled,  and  he  returned  to  Lawrenceburg, 
I  ml.,  in  January,  1866.  He  was  employed  in  the 
U.S.  revenue  service,  1875-81  ;  was  postmaster  of 
Lawrenceburg,  1881-83,  and  was  an  unsuccessful 
candidate  for  representative  in  congress  on  the 
Republican  ticket  in  1886. 

LUCE,  Alice  Hanson,  educator,  was  born  in 
Winthrop,  Maine,  June  24,  1861  ;  daughter  of 
George  Gorman  and  Hannah  Jane  (Carr)  Luce, 
and  granddaughter  of  Gorham  and  Sabrina  (Joy) 
Luce  and  of  Daniel  and  Patience  (Noyes)  Carr. 
She  attended  the  Edward  Little  high  school  at 
Auburn,  Maine,  and  was  graduated  from  Welles- 
ley  college,  B.A.,  188:5.  She  was  a  teacher  at 
the  Putnam,  Conn.,  high  school,  1883-84  ;  the 
Wellesley  high  school,  1884-85  ;  the  Girls'  Latin 
school,  Boston,  Mass.,  1885-93  ;  studied  in  Leipzig 
university,  1893-95,  and  was  regularly  matricu 
lated  at  Heidelburg  university,  in  1895.  She  was 
the  first  American  woman  to  receive  the  doctor's 
degree  from  the  philosophical  faculty  of  Hei 
delberg  university,  it  being  conferred  on  her  in 
1896.  She  was  teacher  in  the  English  depart 
ment  of  Smith  college,  1896-97  ;  in  the  depart 
ment  of  English  literature  at  Wellesley  college, 
1897-1900,  and  was  appointed  dean  of  women  and 
full  professor  of  English  literature  at  Oberlin 
college,  April  14,  1900.  She  is  the  author  of  : 
Tke  Countess  of  Pembroke's  Antonio  "  (1897).  her 
inaugural  dissertation  presented  to  the  philoso 
phical  faculty  at  Heidelberg,  for  the  degree  of 
Ph.D. 

LUCE,  Cyrus  Gray,  governor  of  Michigan, 
was  born  in  Windsor,  Ohio,  July  2,  1824  ;  son  of 
Walter  and  Mary  (Gray)  Luce  ;  grandson  of 
Cvrus  Gray,  whose  ancestors  came  from  England 
and  settled  near  Winchester,  Va.,  about  1750.  and 
of  Joshua  Luce  who  settled  in  Tolland,  Conn., 
early  in  1700,  his  ancestors  being  early  settlers  in 
Martha's  Vineyard.  Mass.,  about  1650.  His 
father,  a  native  of  Tolland,  Conn.,  was  a  soldier 
in  the  war  of  1812  and  at  its  close  went  to  Ashta- 
bula  county,  Ohio,  where  he  married  Mary  Gray, 
a  Virginian.  They  removed  to  Steuben  county, 
Ind.,  in  1836  with  their  six  boys,  and  cultivated  a 
farm  amid  the  hardships  of  frontier  life.  Cyrus 
attended  the  log  schoolhouse  ;  the  Northeastern 
Indiana  Collegiate  institute  for  one  year;  was 
employed  in  a  wool-carding  and  cloth- dressing 
establishment,  1842-48  ;  purchased  land  in  Gilead, 
Mich  ,  in  1848,  and  after  1849  engaged  in  farming. 
He  was  supervisor  of  the  town  of  Gilead  for 
twelve  years;  representative  in  the  state  legisla 
ture.  1854-56  ;  treasurer  of  Branch  county,  1858- 


62  ;  state  senator,  1865-69  ;  state  oil  inspector, 
1877-83  ;  and  governor  of  Michigan,  1887-91.  He 
was  married,  Aug.  29,  1849,  to  Julia  A.  Dickin 
son,  a  native  of  Amherst,  Mass.,  who  removed  to 
Gilead,  Ind.,  in  1836,  and  died  Aug.  13,  1882.  and 
secondly  Nov.  8,  1883,  to  Mrs.  Mary  E.  Thomp 
son,  of  Bronson,  Mich. 

LUCE,  Stephen  Bleecker,  naval  officer,  was 
born  in  Albany,  N.Y.,  March  25,  1827  ;  son  of 
Vinaland  Charlotte  (Bleecker)  Luce  ;  grandson  of 
Cornelius  and  Olive  (Foster)  Luce,  and  a  descend 
ant  of  Jan  Jansszen  Bleecker,  Albany,  1658.  He 
was  appointed  a  mid 
shipman  in  the  U.S. 
navy.  Oct.  19,  1841  ; 
was  promoted  passed 
midshipman,  April  1, 
1848  ;  circumnavi 
gated  the  globe  in  the 
Colninbiis,  74,  Com 
modore  James  Bid- 
die.  1845-48,  visiting 
Japan  ;  served  on  the 
coast  of  California 
during  the  Mexican 
war,  1846-47  ;  was 
attached  to  the  as 
tronomical  party  un 
der  Lieut.  James  M. 

Gilliss  in  December,  1852,  and  to  the  U.S.  coast 
survey.  1854-57.  lie  was  married  Dec.  7,  1854,  to 
Eliza,  daughter  of  Commodore  John  Dandridge 
Henley,  U.S  N.  He  was  promoted  lieutenant, 
Sept.  16,  1855  ;  was  assistant  instructor  at  the 
U.S.  Naval  academy.  1860-61  ;  third  lieutenant 
of  the  Wabash,  flagship,  attached  to  the  block 
ading  squadron  off  the  coast  of  South  Carolina, 
1861,  and  participated  in  the  battle  of  Port  Royal, 
Nov.  13,  1861.  He  was  ordered  to  the  naval 
academy  at  Newport,  R.I.,  Jan.  10.  1862,  was 
commissioned  lieutenant-commander.  July  16, 
1862  ;  took  command  of  the  practice  ship  Mace 
donian  on  a  European  cruise,  June  1,  1863  ; 
commanded  the  Nantitcket,  Sonoma,  Canandaigua 
and  Pontiac  of  the  North  Atlantic  blockading 
squadron,  1863-65,  and  during  this  time  engaged 
with  the  Confederate  forts  Sumter,  Moultrie 
and  Battery  Marshall,  lie  reported  to  General 
Sherman  at  Savannah,  Ga.,  for  duty  in  connec 
tion  with  the  army,  December,  1864,  and  with 
the  Pontiac  he  guarded  the  pontoon  bridge  at 
Sister's  Ferry  on  the  Savannah,  while  General 
Slocum's  division  crossed  into  South  Carolina. 
He  was  ordered  to  the  naval  academy  at  Anna 
polis.  Md.,  in  September.  1865;  relieved  Com 
modore  Fairfax  as  commandant  of  midshipmen 
in  October,  1865  ;  was  commissioned  as  com 
mander.  July  25,  1866 ;  commanded  the  practice 
squadrons  of  the  naval  academv,  the  Moliongo, 


LUCKEY 


LUDLOW 


of  the  Pacific  squadron,  and  the  Juniata  of  the 
Mediterranean  squadron,  1800-72  ;  was  equip 
ment  officer  at  the  Boston  navy  yard,  1872-75  ; 
was  commissioned  captain,  Dec.  28,  1872  ;  com 
manded  the  Hartford,  flagship  of  the  North 
Atlantic  squadron,  in  November,  1875  ;  was  in 
spector  of  training  ships.  1877-78  ;  commanded 
the  U.S.  training-ship  Minnesota,  1878-81  ;  and 
the  U.S.  naval  training  squadron,  1881-84  ;  was 
commissioned  commodore,  Nov.  25,  1881.  and 
served  as  president  of  the  commission  on  the  sale 
of  navy  yards  in  1882.  He  was  ordered  to  the 
command  of  the  North  Atlantic  squadron  as  act 
ing  rear-admiral,  July  20,  1881,  and  was  made 
president  of  the  U.S.  Naval  War  college,  Coaster's 
Harbor  Island.  K.I.,  Sept.  20.  1884.  lie  was  pro 
moted  rear-admiral,  Oct.  5,  1885.  commanded  the 
naval  forces  of  the  North  Atlanticstation,  1880-89, 
and  was  placed  on  the  retired  list,  March  25,  1889. 
He  was  appointed  commissioner-general  to  the 
Columbian  Historical  exposition  at  Madrid  in 
181)7.  On  March  1,  189:5,  the  Queen  Regent  of 
Spain  conferred  on  him  the  Grand  Cross  of  Naval 
Merit  witli  the  whire  distinctive  mark,  for  serv 
ices  as  delegate  to  the  exposition.  On  June  1, 
1901,  he  was  appointed  a  member  of  the  board  of 
visitors  to  the  U.S.  Naval  academy.  He  was  an 
associate  editor  of  Johnson's  Universal  Cyclopae 
dia  ;  naval  editor  of  the  Standard  Dictionary,  and 
is  the  author  of  Se.ain.finsJiij>  (180.'}),  used  as  a 
text-book  at  U.S.  Naval  academy,  and  editor  of 
Ximil  Songs  (1N8IJ). 

LUCKEV,  Samuel,  educator,  was  born  in  Rens- 
selaerville,  N.V.,  April  4,  1791.  He  became  a 
Methodist  itinerant  preacher  in  Ottawa,  Canada, 
isll.  and  served  the  Oneida  conference,  N.Y., 
1812-21.  lie  was  president  of  the  Genesee  Wes- 
leyan  seminary,  1822-20:  was  stationed  at  New 
K:t ven,  Brooklyn  and  Albany,  and  served  as 
presiding  elder  of  the  New  Haven  district,  New 
York  East  conference.  1820-3(5  ;  was  editor  of  the 
publications  of  the  Methodist  publishing  society, 
New  York  city,  1830-40;  presiding  elder  of  the 
Rochester,  N.Y.,  circuit.  18(2-09,  during  which 
time  he  was  chaplain  of  the  Monroe  county  peni 
tentiary  nine  years  and  regent  of  the  University 
of  the  State  of  New  York,  1847-09.  He  received 
the  honorary  degree  of  A.M.  from  Union  in 
1^24.  He  is  the  author  of  :  Treat  it's  on  tlicSacra- 
•»t:'nf  (1S59);  JfyiiiHS  and  Lessons  for  Children,  and 
sermons.  He  died  in  Rochester,  N.Y.,  Oct.  11,  1809. 

LUDDEN,  Patrick  Anthony,  Roman  Catholic 
bishop,  was  born  near  Castlebar,  county  Mayo, 
Ireland.  Feb.  4,  1830.  He  was  educated  at  St. 
Jarlath's  college,  Tuam,  Ireland,  and  in  1854 
came  to  the  United  States.  He  completed  his 
education  in  the  Grand  seminary  at  Montreal, 
Canada,  where  he  was  ordained  priest.  May  21, 
1804,  by  Mgr.  Ignatius  Bourget.  He  was  rector 


of  the  Cathedral  of  the  Immaculate  Conception, 
Albany,  N.Y.,  and  secretary  and  chancellor  to 
Bishop  Conroy  ;  pastor  of  St.  Joseph's  church, 
Malone,  N.Y.,  and  vicar-general  of  the  diocese  of 
Albany,  1877-80;  pastor  of  St.  Peter's  church, 
Troy,  N.Y.,  1880-87,  and  was  consecrated  the 
first  bishop  of  the  newly  formed  diocese  of  Syra 
cuse,  N.Y.,  May  1,  1887,  by  Archbishop  Corrigan, 
assisted  by  Bishops  Loughlin  and  McNierny.  He 
held  his  first  diocesan  synod,  Oct.  4,  1887.  He 
was  present  at  the  (ecumenical  council  at  Rome 
in  1809,  and  was  the  theologian  to  the  Bishop  of 
Alban}'  at  the  plenary  council  of  Baltimore.  He 
is  the  author  of  :  Clmrclt,  Projierft/  (1882). 

LUDINGTON,  Harrison,  governor  of  Wiscon 
sin,  was  born  in  Kent,  Putnam  county.  N.Y.,  July 
31,  1812:  son  of  Frederick  and  Susannah  (Grif- 
feth)  Ludington  ;  grandson  of  Col.  Henry  and 
Abigail  (Ludington)  Ludington,  and  of  Joshua 
and  Charity  (Scotield)  Griffeth  :  and  a  descendant 
of  William  Ludington,  who  settled  at  Charles- 
town,  Mass.,  1032.  and  died  at  the  East  Haven 
IronWorks,  Conn.,  1002-3.  He  received  a  com 
mon-school  education,  and  in  1838  removed  to 
Milwaukee.  Wis.,  where  he  engaged  in  general 
merchandising,  and  from  1841  in  the  lumber  busi 
ness.  He  was  elected  an  alderman  of  the  city  of 
Milwaukee  for  two  terms:  was  mayor,  1872-74 
and  1875-70,  and  governor  of  Wisconsin.  1870-7.S. 
He  died  in  Milwaukee.  Wis.,  June  17,  1891. 

LUDLOW,  Benjamin  Chambers,  soldier,  was 
born  at  Ludlow  Station,  Hamilton  county,  Ohio, 
in  1  •'.>'}!.  He  was  a  student  at  Carey's  academy, 
College  Hill,  Ohio,  and  at  Ivenyon  college,  and 
was  graduated  from  the  University  of  Pennsyl 
vania,  M.D.,  in  1851.  He  practised  in  New  York 
city  in  1854,  in  California  in  1855.  in  Mexico, 
1850-59,  and  in  Cincinnati.  Ohio,  1859-01.  lie 
raised  a  troop  of  cavalry  in  INOI.  and  offered  his 
mounted  men  to  the  government,  but  both  Sec 
retary  Cameron  and  General  Scott  considered  the 
four  regular  cavalry  regiments  all  the  mounted 
troops  required  and  he  went  to  St.  Louis.  Mo., 
and  offered  his  services  to  General  Fremont.  lie 
was  commissioned  1st  lieutenant  and  afterward 
captain  of  the  "Fremont  Hussars.''  They 
marched  to  southwestern  Missouri  under  General 
Curtis  in  February.  1S02.  and  the  hussars  were 
consolidated  with  the  5th  Missouri  cavalry  in  (lie 
autumn  of  1802.  and  Ludlow  was  made  major  of 
the  new  organization.  He  was  ordered  to  the 
army  of  the  Potomac  as  aide-de-camp  to  Major- 
General  Hooker  in  December,  1N02,  and  was  on 
his  staff  until  Hooker  was  relieved  by  General 
Meade,  when  he  became  inspector  of  artillerv  on 
Meade's  staff  and  served  in  the  campaign  of  the 
Army  of  the  Potomac  from  June,  18(53,  to  Feb 
ruary,  1804.  He  was  appointed  chief  of  cavalry 
of  the  Department  of  Virginia  and  North  Caro- 
160] 


LUDLOW 


LUDLOW 


lina  under  Gen.  B.  F.  Butler  in  February,  1864, 
and  in  1864  commanded  the  troops  and  the  work 
ing  party  employed  in  cutting  the  Dutch  Gap 
canal  on  the  James  river.  He  was  brevetted 
brigadier-general  for  gallant  and  meritorious 
services  at  Dutch  Gap  and  at  Spring  Hill,  Va.. 
Oct.  28,  1864,  and  commanded  the  James  and 
York  river  defences,  with  headquarters  at  Fort 
Magruder  until  the  surrender  of  Lee,  after 
which  he  commanded  the  Eastern  district  of  Vir 
ginia,  with  headquarters  at  Williamsburg  until  he 
resigned  from  the  army  in  the  autumn  of  1865. 
He  then  resumed  the  practice  of  medicine  in  Cin 
cinnati,  Ohio,  and  removed  to  California  in  1885. 
His  sister,  Sara  Bella  Dun  lap  Ludlow,  married 
Chief-Justice  Salmon  P.  Chase.  He  died  in  Los 
Angelos,  Cal.,  Jan.  10,  1898. 

LUDLOW,  Fitz  Hugh,  author,  was  born  in 
New  York  city,  Sept.  11,  18:56;  son  of  the  Rev. 
Henry  G.  Ludlcnv.  He  was  prepared  for  col 
lege  at  Poughkeepsie,  N.Y.,  and  was  graduated  at 
Union  college  in  1856.  He  studied  law  in  the 
office  of  AVilliam  Curtis  Noyes,  New  York  city, 
1858-60,  and  supported  himself  by  editing  Vanity 
Fair.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1859  but- 
after  1860  devoted  himself  entirely  to  literature. 
He  was  employed  on  the  editorial  staffs  of  the 
World  and  Commercial  Adrertixer,  1860-61  ; 
was  dramatic  and  musical  critic  of  the  Ercnimj 
Post  and  of  the  Home  Journal.  1861-62,  and 
yisited  California  and  Oregon  in  1863,  making  his 
journey  over  the  course  subsequently  adopted  by 
the  Pacific  railroad.  He  dramatized  "Cinder 
ella"  and  coached  a  troop  of  children  to  act  it  for 
the  benefit  of  the  U.S.  Sanitary  Fair  in  1864  and 
visited  Europe  for  his  health  in  1870.  He  is  the 
author  of  :  Apocalypse  of  Hasheesh  (1856) :  TJie 
ITasheesh  Eater  (1857)  ;  Due  South  (1*61),  being 
a  scries  of  letters  from  Florida  published  in  the 
Commercial  Advertiser;  Biographical  Sketch,  of 
John  Xelson  Pattison  (1863);  Through  Ticket  to 
San-Francisco  :  A  J'roplieey  (1864) :  Little  Brother 
and  other  (ienre  lectures  (1867);  What  shall  they 
do  to  be  Saved  P  (1867),  published  as  The  Opium 
Habit  (186S);  The  Heart  of  the.  Continent  (1870), 
and  a  number  of  poems  and  stories.  He  died  in 
Geneva,  Switzerland,  Sept.  12,  1870. 

LUDLOW,  George  Craig,  governor  of  New 
Jersey,  was  born  in  Mil  ford.  Hunterdon  county, 
N.J.,  April  6,  1830:  son  of  Cornelius  and  Julia 
Ann  (Disborough)  Ludlow,  and  grandson  of  Gen. 
Benjamin  Ludlow  of  Long  Hill,  Morris  count}', 
X.J.  His  father  removed  to  New  Brunswick, 
N.J.,  in  1835,  and  he  was  graduated  from  Rutgers 
college,  A.B.,  1850,  A.M.,  1853.  He  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  1853,  and  practised  in  New  Bruns 
wick,  N.J.,  serving  as  counsel  for  that  city  and 
for  several  large  corporations.  He  married, 
Sept.  28,  1858,  Mary  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Robert 


Morris  Goodwin  of  Savannah,  Ga.  He  at  one  time 
served  on  the  board  of  chosen  freeholders  of 
Middlesex  county,  and  was  president  of  the  New 
Brunswick  board  of  education.  He  was  senator 
from  Middlesex  county  in 
the  state  legislature,  1876-79, 
and  was  president  of  the 
senate  in  1879.  He  was  elected 
governor  of  New  Jersey  by 
the  Democratic  party,  serving 
1881-84,  was  a  delegate  to  the 
constitutional  convention  of 
1894,  and  was  appointed  a  justice  of  the  supreme 
court  of  New  Jersey,  June  13,  1895,  succeeding 
Alfred  Reed,  his  term  to  expire  in  1902.  He  re 
ceived  the  honorary  degree  of  LL.D.  from  Rut 
gers  college,  New  Brunswick,  in  1895.  He  died 
in  NewBurnswick,  N.J.,  Dec.  18,  1900. 

LUDLOW,  James  Meeker,  clergyman,  was 
born  in  Elizabeth,  N.J.,  March  15,  1841  ;  son  of 
Ezra  and  Mary  (Crane)  Ludlow  ;  grandson  of  Jo 
seph  Ludlow,  and  a  descendant  of  William  Lud 
low  of  Connecticut  and  Southampton  colony,  who 
came  from  Shropshire,  England,  in  1640.  He 
was  graduated  from  the  College  of  New  Jersey, 
A.B.,  1861,  A.M.,  1864,  from  the  Princeton  Theo 
logical  seminary  in  1864,  and  was  ordained  by 
the  presbytery  of  Albany,  Jan.  19,  1865.  He 
was  married,  July  5,  1865,  to  Emma,  daughter 
of  David  Orr.  He  was  pastor  of  the  First  Pres 
byterian  church,  Albany,  N.Y.,  1864-68,  and 
of  the  Collegiate  Reformed  church  of  New  York 
city,  1868-77,  and  during  his  pastorate  there, 
a  new  church  edifice  was  built  on  Fifth  ave 
nue  at  a  cost  of  nearly  $600,000.  He  was  pastor 
of  Westminster  church,  Brooklyn,  N.Y.,  1877- 
85,  and  of  the  First  Presbyterian  church.  East 
Orange,  N.J.,  from  1886.  In  1885  he  declined 
the  presidency  of  Marietta  college,  Ohio.  He 
received  the  degree  of  D.D.  from  Williams 
college  in  1872  and  that  of  L.H.D.  from  the 
College  of  New  Jersey  in  1890.  He  is  the 
author  of:  A  Man  for  a1  That  (1883) ;  Concentric 
Chart  of  History  (1885);  Captain  of  the  Jani 
zaries  (1886);  A  King  of  Tyre  (1891);  That 
Angelic  Woman,  (1892);  Tlie  Baritone's  Parish 
(1896);  The  Age  of  the  Crusades  (1897),  and  con 
tributions  to  periodicals. 

LUDLOW,  James  Ryley,  jurist,  was  born  in 
Albany,  N.Y.,  May  3,  1825  ;  son  of  the  Rev.  Dr. 
John  and  Catlyntje  Van  Slyck  (Ryley)  Ludlow7. 
He  was  graduated  at  the  University  of  Pennsyl 
vania,  A.B.,  1843,  A.M.,  1846.  He  was  admitted 
to  the  Philadelphia  bar  in  1846  ;  was  judge  of 
the  court  of  common  pleas,  1857-75,  and  pre 
siding  judge,  1875-86.  He  was  a  trustee  of  Jeffer 
son  Medical  college  ;  a  member  of  the  American 
Philosophical  society,  1884.  and  the  Historical 
society  of  Pennsylvania.  He  received  the  hon- 


LUDLOW 


LUDLOW 


oraiy  degree  of  LL.D.  from  Rutgers  college  and 
from  the  University  of  Pennsylvania  in  1870. 
He  married  Henrietta  Francis,  daughter  of  Jabez 
Lovett  of  New  York.  He  was  joint  editor  of 
Adams  on  Equity  (1852).  Richard  Vaux  pre 
pared  a  memorial  of  his  life.  He  died  in  Phila 
delphia.  Pa.,  Sept.  20.  1886. 

LUDLOW,  John,  educator,  was  born  in  Ac- 
quackanonek,  N.J.,  Dec.  13,  1793;  grandson  of 
Richard  Ludlow.  a  major  in  the  American  army 
during  the  Revolution,  and  grand  nephew  of 
Judge  George  Duncan  and  Col.  Gabriel  G.  Lud 
low,  sons  of  Gabriel  Ludlow  who  came  from 
Holland  to  America  in  1099  and  settled  on  Long 
Island  opposite  New  Amsterdam.  John  Ludlow 
was  graduated  at  Union  college,  N.Y.,  in  1814 
and  from  the  New  Brunswick  Theological  sem 
inary,  N.J.,  1817.  He  was  tutor  at  Union  college, 
1815-16  ;  minister  of  the  Dutch  Reformed  Church, 
New  Brunswick,  N.J.,  1817-23.  He  was  married 
about  1817  to  Catlyntje  Van  Slyck  Ryley  of  New 
Brunswick.  He  was  professor  of  Biblical  litera 
ture  and  ecclesiastical  history  in  the  Theological 
seminary,  1819-23  ;  minister  of  the  Dutch  Re 
formed  church,  Albany,  N.Y.,  1823-34;  provost 
of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1835-53,  and 
professor  of  ecclesiastical  history  and  church 
government,  New  Brunswick  Theological  semi 
nary,  1854-57.  He  received  the  honorary  degree 
of  D.D.  from  Union  in  1827  and  that  of  LL.D. 
elsewhere.  His  sons,  James  Ryley  (q.v.),  John 
Livingston  and  Richard,  were  graduated  of  the 
University  of  Philadelphia.  He  died  at  the  home 
of  his  son,  Dr.  John  Livingston  Ludlow,  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa.,  Sept.  8,  1857. 

LUDLOW,  Nicoll,  naval  officer,  was  born  at 
"Riverside,"  Islip,  Long  Island,  N.Y.,  Sept.  11, 
1842  ;  son  of  William  Handy  and  Frances  Louisa 
(Nicoll)  Ludlow,  grandson  of  Ezra  and  Rachel 
(Saguine)  Ludlow  and  of  William  Nicoll  of 
Nicoll's  Patent,  Long  Island,  and  his  wife  Sarah 
Greenly,  and  a  descendant  of  Roger  Ludlow,  born 
1590,  in  Wiltshire,  England,  who  landed  at  Nan- 
tasket,  Mass.,  1630,  and  was  lieutenant-governor 
of  Massachusetts  under  Endicott,  and  of  Rhode 
Island  under  Roger  Williams.  Nicoll  Ludlow 
entered  the  U.S.  Naval  academy,  Oct.  28,  1859, 
and  was  ordered  into  active  service  and  pro. 
inoted  ensign,  Oct.  1,  1863  ;  was  attached  to  the 
steam-sloop  Wacliusett,  of  the  Brazil  squadron, 
1863-65  ;  to  the  Monadnock  on  her  passage  from 
New  York  to  San  Francisco  in  1866,  and  was  pro 
moted  master,  Nov.  10,  1866.  He  served  on  the 
Iroquois  of  the  Asiatic  squadron,  1866-70,  was 
promoted  lieutenant,  Feb.  21,  1867,  and  lieuten 
ant-commander,  March  12,  1868,  and  was  an  in 
structor  in  gunnery  at  the  U.S.  Naval  academy, 
1870-73.  He  served  on  the  Monongahela  and  the 
Brooklyn  of  the  South  Atlantic  station,  1873-76  : 


on  torpedo  duty,  1876-77  ;  on  the  Trenton,  flag 
ship  of  the  European  station,  1877-80.  and  re 
turned  to  the  United  States  on  the  Constellation. 
He  was  ordnance  inspector  at  the  West  Point 
foundry  and  South  Boston  iron  works,  1881-82  ; 
was  promoted  com 
mander,  Oct.  1,  1881, 
and  served  on  duty  at 
the  Mid  vale  Steel 
svorks,  Philadelphia, 
Pa.,  1882-83.  He  com 
manded  the  Quin- 
nebaitg  on  the  Euro 
pean  station,  1883-86 ; 
was  light-house  in 
spector,  12th  district, 
1887-90  :  inspector  of 
ordnance  at  Mare 
Island  navy  yard, 
California,  1890-91  ;  ,  ' 

light-house  inspector,         '7tt&frC&  O&Utfufatfc 
9th    district,  1891-92, 

and  in  command  of  the  Mohican  of  the  Pacific 
squadron,  January  to  November,  1893,  serv 
ing  as  senior  officer  in  command  of  the  Ber 
ing  sea  squadron  during  that  time.  In  1894 
he  was  on  leave  of  absence.  He  was  promoted 
captain,  May  21,  1895  ;  served  on  duty  at  the  war 
college  in  1895,  and  commanded  the  Monterey, 
1896  ;  was  ordered  to  the  Terror  of  the  North  At 
lantic  squadron,  July  8,  1897,  and  commanded 
that  monitor  in  the  war  with  Spain  up  to  Sept. 
22,  1898,  when  he  was  transferred  to  the  com 
mand  of  the  Massachusetts,  which  he  held  until 
June,  1899.  He  was  promoted  rear-admiral,  Nov. 
1,1899,  and  retired  on  his  own  application  after 
forty  years'  service.  He  was  married,  May  12, 
1870,  to  Frances  Mary,  daughter  of  Dr.  Daniel 
Thomas,  of  Bloomfield,  N.J.,  and  secondly,  Feb. 
15,  1897,  to  Mrs.  Mary  (McLean)  Bugher,  daugh 
ter  of  Washington  McLean,  of  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 
LUDLOW,  William,  soldier,  was  born  at 
"  Riverside  ",  Islip,  Long  Island,  N.Y.,  Nov.  27, 
1843  ;  son  of  William  Handy  and  Frances  Louisa 
(Nicoll)  Ludlow.  He  was  graduated  at  the  U.S. 
Military  academy  and  promoted  1st  lieutenant  in 
the  corps  of  engineers,  June  13,  1864.  He  served 
as  chief  engineer  of  the  20th  army  corps  in  the 
Georgia  campaign,  July  to  September,  186-4.  He 
had  charge  of  the  construction  of  defences  at 
Rome,  Ga. ,  October  and  November,  1864.  and  was 
chief  engineer  of  the  army  in  Georgia  from  No 
vember,  1864,  to  March,  1865.  He  was  brevetted 
captain,  July  20.  1864.  and  major,  Dec.  21.  1864, 
for  meritorious  sen-ices  in  the  defence  of  Alla- 
toona  Pass.  Ga..  and  in  the  campaign  through 
Georgia.  He  was  assistant  engineer  on  the  staff 
of  General  Sherman  in  the  "March  to  the  Sea" 
and  through  the  Carolinas,  and  was  en<:;a<red  in. 


LUDLOW 


LUERS 


the  battles  of  Averysboro  and  Bentonville,  in  the 
occupation  of  Goldsboro,  and  in  the  capture 
of  Raleigh,  N.C.  Ue  was  brevetted  lieutenant- 
colonel,  U.S.A.,  March  13,  1865,  for  meritorious 
conduct  in  the  campaign  in  the  Carolinas  ;  raised 

and  commanded  a 
company  of  engineers 
at  Jefferson  barrack", 
Mo..  18(55-06;  com 
manded  the  depot  and 
company  at  Jefferson 
barracks,  1866-67: 
was  promoted  cap 
tain,  March  7,  1867  ; 
served  as  assistant 
engineer  under  Major 
Gillmore,  1867-72  ;  as 
chief  engineer  of  the 
department  of  Da- 
kota,  1872-76 ;  as  as- 
sistant  engineer  to 
Lieutenant  -  Colonel 

Kurtz,  1876-77  ;  assistant  engineer  under  Colo 
nel  Macomb,  1877-81  ;  in  charge  of  Delaware 
river  and  harbor  improvements  and  works  of  de 
fence.  1881-82,  and  was  promoted  major,  June  30, 
1882.  He  was  engineer  secretary  of  the  light 
house  board,  1882-83  ;  chief  engineer  of  the  Phila 
delphia  water  department  by  authority  of  con 
gress,  1883-86;  engineer  commissioner  of  the 
District  of  Columbia,  1886-88;  engineer  of  the 
4th  light-house  district,  March  to  December,  1888  ; 
in  charge  of  river  and  harbor  work  in  western 
Michigan  and  engineer  of  the  9th  and  llth  light 
house  districts,  1888-93  ;  military  attache  of 
the  U.S.  embassy  at  London,  England,  1893-96, 
and  president  of  U.S.  Nicaragua  canal  commis 
sion  in  1895.  He  was  promoted  lieutenant-colo 
nel  of  the  corps  of  engineers,  Aug.  13,  1805,  as 
signed  to  the  command  of  the  lighthouse  depot 
and  had  charge  of  the  river  and  harbor  work  of 
New  York  harbor.  He  was  commissioned  briga 
dier-general  of  volunteers,  May  4,  1898.  and  as 
signed  to  the  staff  of  the  commanding  general  as 
engineer-in-chief  of  the  armies  in  the  field,  and 
on  June  29,  1898,  was  assigned  to  the  command 
of  the  1st  brigade,  2d  division,  5th  army  corps, 
under  General  Shafter,  and  served  in  the  Santiago 
campaign,  where  he  was  promoted  major-general 
of  volunteers,  Sept.  7,  1898.  He  was  made  presi 
dent  of  the  board  to  establish  the  military  trans 
port  service  ;  then  assigned  to  the  command  of  a 
division  with  head-quarters  at  Columbus,  Ga.  He 
was  appointed  military  governor  of  the  city  of 
Havana,  Dec.  13,  1898.  and  on  April  13.  1899.  he 
was  honorably  discharged  from  the  volunteer 
service,  and  the  same  day  was  commissioned 
brigadier-general,  U.S.  volunteers.  He  was  pro 
moted  brigadier-general  in  the  U.S.  army,  January 

[163] 


21,  and  vacated  his  commission  as  lieutenant- 
colonel,  corps  of  engineers,  Jan.  29,  1900.  He 
left  Havana  in  February  to  become  president 
of  the  board  of  officers  appointed  to  consider  the 
establishment  of  a  war  college  for  the  army,  and 
lie  visited  France  and  Germany  in  the  interests 
of  this  project.  In  April,  1901,  he  was  ordered  to 
the  Philippines  to  command  the  department  of 
the  Visayas  but  was  compelled  to  return  immedi 
ately  on  sick-leave.  He  was  married  in  1866 
to  Genevieve  A.  Sprigg.  of  St.  Louis,  Mo.  He 
was  elected  to  membership  in  many  scientific 
societies  in  America  and  abroad.  He  is  the  author 
of :  Easplorations  of  the  Black  Hills  and  Yellow 
stone  Country;  Report  of  tJte  U.S.  Nicaragua 
Canal  Commission,  and  several  annual  and  special 
reports.  He  died  at  Convent,  N.  J. ,  Aug.  30,  1901. 
LUERS,  John  Henry,  R.C.  bishop,  was  born  at 
Leutten,  Grand  Duchy  of  Oldenburg,  German}-, 
Sept.  29,  1819.  He  came  to  the  United  States 
with  his  parents  in  January,  1833,  and  settled  on 
a  farm  in  Piqua,  Ohio.  He  was  a  clerk  in  a  store, 
and  in  1835  the  bish 
op  of  Cincinnati  per 
suaded  him  to  study 
for  the  priesthood, 
and  he  was  ordained 
by  Bishop  Purcell 
at  Cincinnati,  Ohio, 
Nov.  11,  1846.  He 
was  pastor  of  St. 
Joseph's  church,  Cin 
cinnati,  Ohio,  1846- 
57,  and  completed 
the  church  building, 
cleared  the  parish 
from  debt  and  built 
several  schools.  The 
diocese  of  Fort 

Wayne.  Ind.,  was  established  Sept.  22, 1857.  and  on 
Jan.  10,  1858,  he  was  consecrated  bishop  of  Fort 
Wayne  by  Archbishop  Purcell,  assisted  by  Bishops 
St.  Palais  and  Carrell.  He  built  the  cathedral  and 
many  churches,  and  held  a  synod  in  1863  at  the 
University  of  Notre  Dame,  where  statutes  \vere 
enacted  that  resulted  in  the  abolition  of  the  sys 
tem  of  lay  trustees.  He  visited  Rome  in  1864, 
and  was  authorized  to  make  a  distinct  and  sep 
arate  society  of  the  "  Sisters  of  the  Holy  Cross" 
in  the  United  States,  and  he  founded  St.  Ignatius' 
academy  at  Lafayette,  Ind..  and  also  established 
the  "Sisters  of  the  Most  Precious  Blood"  and 
placed  them  in  charge  of  St.  Mary's  Home,  Dick, 
Jay  county,  Ind.  He  erected  an  asylum  for  sol 
diers'  orphans  at  Rensselaer,  Ind.,  in  1868,  and 
also  built  a  hospital  within  his  diocese.  He  or 
ganized  the  Catholic  Clerical  Benevolent  associa 
tion  for  pensioning  aged  priests,  and  attended  all 
the  provincial  councils  of  Cincinnati  and  the 


LULL 


LUMPKIN 


plenary  council  of  Baltimore,  Md.,  in  1866.  He 
died  of  apoplexy,  having  just  finished  conferring 
holy  orders,  at  Cleveland.  Ohio,  June  29,  1871. 

LULL,  Edward  Phelps,  naval  officer,  was  born 
in  Windsor,  Vt.,  Feb.  20.  1836.  His  father  died, 
and  his  mother,  with  a  large  family  of  children, 
removed  to  Wisconsin  when  he  was  a  child  and 
obtained  for  him  in  1831  an  appointment  to  the 
U.S.  Naval  academy.  He  was  graduated,  June  9, 
1855 ;  was  attached  to  the  Congress,  Mediterra 
nean  squadron,  1856-58,  and  was  assistant  fenc 
ing  master  and  professor  of  ethics  at  the  Naval 
academy,  1859-60.  He  was  promoted  passed  mid 
shipman,  April  15,  1858  ;  master,  Nov.  4,  1858,  and 
lieutenant,  Oct.  30.  1860.  He  was  attached  to  the 
Roanoke  of  the  home  squadron,  1861,  taking  part 
in  the  engagement  with  the  forts  at  Hatteras  In 
let,  July  10, 1861. 
He  received  pro 
motion  to  lieu 
tenant  comman 
der,  July  16, 1862, 
and  was  com 
mandant  of  mid 
shipmen  and  ex- 
Jecutive  officer  of 
—tithe  U.S.  Naval 

U  S.S      ROAAIOKE.  ,  ,T 

academy,  New 
port,  R.I.,  1862-63  ;  and  was  attached  to 
the  Brooklyn,  Capt.  James  Alden,  West  Gulf 
blockading  squadron.  1864.  He  participated 
in  the  passage  of  the  forts  in  Mobile  Bay 
and  the  engagement  with  the  Confederate 
gunboats,  August  5,  the  bombardment  of  Fort 
Morgan,  August  14,  and  commanded  the  cap 
tured  iron-clad  Tennessee  at  the  second  bom 
bardment  of  Fort  Morgan,  Aug.  22,  1864.  He 
subsequently  commanded  the  Seminole  in  the 
blockade  at  Galveston.  Texas  ;  the  iron-clad  La 
fayette  in  the  Red  River  blockade,  1865,  and  the 
steamer  Swatara  on  the  West  India  station  in 
1866,  and  was  at  the  Naval  academy  at  Annapolis, 
1867-69.  He  was  promoted  commander,  June  10, 
1870 ;  commanded  the  store-ship  Guard,  1871  ; 
served  in  the  bureau  of  Yards  and  Docks  in  1872, 
and  on  the  Nicaragua  survey  expedition,  1872-73. 
Ke  served  at  Torpedo  station,  and  was  a  member 
of  the  interoceanic  ship-canal  commission,  1873- 
74.  and  had  charge  of  a  special  survey  of  the 
Panama  canal  route,  1874-75.  He  was  hydro- 
graphic  inspector  of  coast  survey,  1875-80;  was 
promoted  captain  in  1881,  and  was  in  command 
of  the  Pcnsacola  navy  yard  at  the  time  of  his 
death.  He  received  the  honorary  degree  of  A.M. 
from  the  College  of  New  Jersey  in  1868.  He  died 
at  the  navy  yard,  Pensacola,  Fla.,  March  5,  1887. 
LUMMIS,  Charles  Fletcher,  author  and 
Americanist,  was  born  in  Lynn.  Mass.,  March  1, 
1859  ;  son  of  the  Rev.  Dr.  Henry  and  Harriet 


~7~fl<t 


(Fowler)  Lummis ;  and  grandson  of  William 
Lummis  and  of  Oscar  F.  Fowler.  He  was  edu 
cated  at  home,  and  at  Harvard  in  the  class  of 
1881,  leaving  college  with  brain  fever  three  days 
before  the  completion  of  his  course.  In  1882  he 
removed  to  Cliilli- 
cothe,  Ohio,  where 
he  edited  the  Scioto 
Gazette.  In  1884  he 
walked  from  Cincin 
nati  to  Los  Angeles, 
Cal..  by  a  roundabout 
route,  for  adventure 
and  observation,  cov 
ering  3507  miles  in 
143  days.  He  was 
city  editor  of  the  Los 
Angeles  Daily  Times 
three  years,  and  its 
correspondent  in  the 
Apache  war  of  1886. 
being  the  only  news 
paper  man  in  the  Held,  lie  was  selected  by 
General  Lawton  as  chief  of  scouts  for  the  cam 
paign  which  captured  Geronimo,  but  was  re 
called  by  the  reorganization  of  (lie  Tunes,  of 
which  lie  became  one  of  the  owners.  Stricken  by 
paralysis  in  1888,  he  recovered  his  health  in  New 
Mexico,  living  five  years  in  the  Indian  pueblo  of 
Isleta,  studying  intimately  the  Indian  customs 
and  languages  of  the  territories  and  travelling  011 
horseback  and  on  foot  over  the  whole  of  the 
southwest.  He  thus  explored  practically  the 
whole  continent  from  Canada  to  Chile,  and  be 
came  a  recognized  authority  on  Spanish-American 
history  and  ethnology.  He  edited  and  conducted 
after  1893  the  Land  of  Sunshine,  "  a  magazine  of 
the  west,"  issued  monthly  at  Los  Angeles,  and 
largely  devoted  to  the  publication  of  old  historical 
documents.  His  books,  mostly  on  Spanish-Amer 
ican  themes,  include  :  ^1  Neic  Me.rico  David 
(1891);  A  Tramjt  aero.™  the  Continent  (1892); 
Some  Strange.  Corn  em  of  Onr  Country  (1892); 
The  Land  of  Poco  Tien/no  (181)3);  The  Spanish 
J'ioneers  (1894);  The  Man  Who  Married  the. 
Moon,  and  other  J'ncblo  Indian  Folk-Stories 
(1894);  The  Gold-Fish  of  Gran  Chimu  (1896); 
The  Enchanted  Burro  (1897);  The  King  of  the 
Broncos  (1897);  The  Awakening  of  a  Nation, 
Mexico  of  To-day  (1898).  He  is  also  the  author 
of  contributions  to  the  leading  periodicals  and  in 
1901  had  in  preparation  critical  editions  of  Bena- 
vides's  "Memorial  of  New  Mexico  in  1630,"  and 
Villagran's  "  Conquest  of  New  Mexico  in  1598," 
and  an  economic  and  historical  study  of  Cali 
fornia. 

LUMPKIN,  John  Henry,  jurist,  was  born  in 
Oglothorpe  county,  Ga.,  June  13,  1812:  son  of 
George  and  Sarah  (Pope)  Lumpkin  ;  grandson  of 


[104] 


LUMPK1X 


LUMPKIN 


John  and  Lucy  (Hopson)  Lumpkin.  and  of  Henry 
Pope  of  Oglethorpe  county,  Ga.  He  was  reared 
on  his  father's  farm,  and  assisted  John  Lan- 
dnuu.  clerk  of  court  of  Oglethorpe  county  for 
one  year,  lie  attended  Franklin  college,  Uni 
versity  of  Georgia,  1820-30.  Yale  college,  1830-32, 
when  an  epidemic  of  yellow  fever  broke  up  the 
class  and  he  returned  to  Georgia.  He  served  as 
secretary  on  the  staff  of  his  uncle,  Gov.  Wilson 
Lumpkin,  1832-33,  and  studied  la\v  with  his 
uncle,  Joseph  Henry  Lumpkin.  1833-34.  He  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  March,  1834,  and  settled 
in  practice  at  Rome.  Floyd  county,  Ga.  He  was 
a  representative  in  the  state  legislature  in  1835, 
where  he  secured  an  appropriation  of  $10,000  to 
build  academies  in  the  Cherokee  country.  He 
was  solicitor-general  of  the  Cherokee  circuit, 
1839-42  ;  Democratic  representative  in  the  28th, 
2'.)rli  and  30th  congresses,  1843-4!).  and  in  the  34th 
congress,  IS.").")-;}?  :  and  judge  of  the  Cherokee 
circuit  court,  1849-52.  lie  was  the  Democratic 
candidate  for  governor  in  1X57,  but  was  defeated 
by  Joseph  E.  Bro\vn.  lie  was  appointed  a  dele 
gate  to  the  Southern  Commercial  convention  at 
Montgomery,  Ala.,  in  185S,  by  Governor  Brown, 
and  was  a  delegate  at  large  to  the  Democratic 
national  convention  held  at,  Charleston,  S.  C., 
April  23,  and  at  Richmond.  June  21,  I860,  and  to 
the  state  Democratic  convention  in  June,  18GO. 
Me  was  married  in  February,  1830,  to  Martha 
Antoinette,  daughter  of  Robert  M'Combs,  of  Mil- 
ledgeville,  Ga.  She  died  in  September,  1838,  leav 
ing  one  son.  He  married  secondly  in  May,  1840, 
Mary  Jane,  daughter  of  Thomas  Crutchfield.  of 
Athens.  Ga.  He  died  at  Rome,  Ga.,  June  0.  1800. 
LUMPKIN,  Joseph  Henry,  jurist,  was  born 
in  Oglethorpe  county,  Ga.,  Dec.  23,  1799  ;  son  of 
John  and  Lucy  (Hopson)  Lumpkin,  natives  of 
Virginia,  who  settled  in  Oglethorpe  when  the 
country  was  a  wilderness  ;  and  a  descendant  of 
English  settlers  in  Virginia.  He  entered  the 
junior  class  at  Nassau  Hall,  College  of  New  Jer 
sey,  in  1817,  and  was  graduated  in  1819.  He 
studied  law  at  Athens.  Ga..,  under  Judge  Cobb, 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  October,  1820,  and 
practised  at  Lexington,  Ga.,  for  nearly  twenty- 
four  years.  He  represented  Oglethorpe  county 
in  the  Georgia  legislature  in  1824  and  1825.  He 
visited  Europe,  1844-45,  and  in  1845,  during  his 
absence,  he  was  elected  chief  justice  of  the  newly 
organized  supreme  court  for  the  correction  of 
errors,  which  office  lie  held  until  his  death.  .  He 
organized  the  Phi  Kappa  society  at  the  University 
of  Georgia  about  1819-20,  declined  the  professor 
ship  of  rhetoric  and  oratory  there  in  184(5.  and  by 
his  exertions  and  those  of  Gen.  T.  R.  R.  Cobb, 
and  \V.  H.  Hull,  established  the  Lumpkin  law 
school  as  the  law  department  of  the  University 
of  Georgia  in  1859.  the  school  being  named  in  his 


honor.  He  was  the  first  to  occupy  the  chair  of 
law  at  the  University  of  Georgia,  1859-61.  The 
civil  war  closed  the  school,  1861-65,  and  he  re 
sumed  the  chair  in  1365.  He  declined  a  seat  on 
the  bench  of  the  U.S.  court  of  claims  offered  him 
by  President  Pierce 
in  1855.  and  the  chan 
cellorship  of  the  Uni 
versity  of  Georgia  in 
I860.  He  was  an  ad 
vocate  of  temperance 
and  worked  zealously 
for  the  reform.  He 
received  the  honorary 
degree  of  A.M.  from 
the  University  of 
Georgia  in  1823,  and 
that  of  LL.D.  from 
the  College  of  New 
Jersey  in  1851,  and 
was  a  trustee  of  the 
University  of  Geor 
gia,  1854-67.  He  was  one  of  the  compilers  of 
the  penal  code  of  Georgia  in  1833.  He  mar 
ried  Calender  Grieve,  a  Scotch  lady,  who 
survived  him  with  the  following  children  :  Wil- 
loughby  W..  James,  Frank,  Joseph  Henry,  Lucy, 
who  married  Dr.  Gerdine,  Marion  McHenry,  who 
married  Gen.  Thomas  R.  R.  Cobb  (q.v.);  Calender, 
who  married  the  Hon.  Porter  King,  of  Alabama, 
and  became  the  mother  of  the  Hon.  Porter  King, 
a  prominent  citizen  of  Atlanta,  Ga.  Judge 
Lumpkin  died  in  Athens,  Ga.,  June  4,  1867. 

LUflPKIN,  Samuel,  jurist,  was  born  near 
Lexington,  Oglethorpe  county,  Ga.,  Dec.  12, 
1848  ;  son  of  Joseph  Henry  (Junior)  and  Sarah 
(Johnson)  Lumpkin  ;  grandson  of  Samuel  and 
Lucy  (Deupree)  Lumpkin,  and  great-grandson 
of  John  and  Lucy  (Hopson)  Lumpkin.  Samuel 
Lumpkin,  the  grandfather,  was  a  brother  of 
Wilson  Lumpkin,  governor  of  Georgia  and  U.S. 
senator,  and  of  Joseph  Henry  Lumpkin,  Senior, 
chief  justice  of  Georgia.  He  was  graduated  at 
the  University  of  Georgia,  A.B.,  1866,  A.M., 
1869:  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1868;  was 
solicitor-general  of  the  northern  judicial  circuit 
of  Georgia,  1872-76  ;  state  senator,  1878-80  ; 
judge  of  the  superior  court,  northern  judicial 
circuit,  1885-90  ;  and  on  Jan.  1,  1891,  became 
associate  justice  of  the  supreme  court  of  Georgia, 
having  been  elected  to  that  office  in  October, 
1890.  On  Jan.  4,  1897,  was  appointed  presiding 
justice  of  the  2d  division  of  that  court.  He  was 
married  on  Oct.  17,  1878.  to  Kate,  daughter  of 
Col.  Walker  Richardson  of  Alabama,  and  grand 
daughter  of  Col.  Adolphus  M.  Sanford  of  that 
state.  He  received  the  honorary  degree  of  LL.D. 
from  Southwestern  Baptist  university,  Jackson, 
Tenn..  in  June,  1891. 


LTMPKIN 


LUNT 


LUflPKlN,  Wilson,  governor  of  Georgia,  was 
born  in  Pittsylvania  county,  Va.,  Jan.  14,  1783; 
son  of  John  and  Lucy  (Hopson)  Lumpkin,  both 
natives  of  Virginia,  \vhohad  eight  sons  and  one 
daughter,  all  citizens  of  Georgia.  His  ancestors 

were  English.  Wil 
son  settled  with  his 
parents  in  the  Wil 
derness,  which  after 
ward  formed  Ogle 
thorpe  county,  Ga., 
in  1784,  and  received 
a  very  limited  educa 
tion  as  there  were  no 
established  schools. 
At  the  age  of  four 
teen  he  was  em 
ployed  as  a  copyist 
in  the  superior  court 
of  Oglethorpe  coun 
ty,  of  which  his 
father  was  clerk.  He 

was  admitted  to  the  bar  and  settled  in  prac 
tice  at  Athens.  Ga.  He  represented  Oglethorpe 
county  in  the  state  legislature  and  was  state 
senator  at  various  times  between  1804  and  1815. 
He  was  a  representative  from  Georgia  in  the  14th 
congress,  1815-17,  and  in  the  20th  and  21st  con 
gresses,  1827-31  ;  and  was  governor  of  Georgia  for 
two  terms,  1831-35.  During  his  administration 
the  Cherokee  Indians  were  removed  beyond 
the  Chattahoochee  river  and  the  territory  they 
had  occupied  was  made  into  thirteen  counties, 
and  the  town  and  county  of  Lumpkin  was  named 
for  him.  He  was  elected  U.S.  senator,  serving 
from  Dec.  13,  1837,  to  March  3,  1841,  filling  the 
vacancy  caused  by  the  resignation  of  John  P. 
King.  He  was  commissioned  by  President 
Monroe  to  ascertain  and  mark  the  boundary  line 
between  Georgia  and  Florida  in  1823,  and  was 
appointed  one  of  the  first  commissioners  under 
the  Cherokee  treaty  by  President  Jackson  in 
1835.  He  served  as  a  member  of  the  first  board 
of  public  works  of  Georgia,  and  as  state  sur 
veyor  laid  out  nearly  all  the  early  lines  of  rail 
way  in  Georgia.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  south 
ern  commercial  convention  in  Montgomery.  Ala., 
in  1858.  He  died  in  Athens,  Ga.,  Dec.  28,  1870. 

LLJNDY,  Benjamin,  abolitionist,  was  born  at 
Hardwick,  N.J.,Jan.  4.  1789  ;  son  of  Joseph  and 
Elizabeth  (Shotwell)  Lundy  ;  grandson  of  Thomas 
and  Joanna  (Doan)  Lundy  and  of  Benjamin  and 
Anne  (Hallett)  Shotwell.  and  a  descendant  of 
Richard  Lundy,  a  Quaker,  who  came  from  Devon 
shire,  England,  and  settled  in  Bucks  county,  Pa., 
in  1685.  He  was  a  saddler  at  Wheeling,  Va., 
1808-12;  removed  to  St.  riairsville.  Ohio,  in  1812. 
and  in  1815,  he  organized  the  first  anti-slavery 
association  in  the  United  {States,  called  the  Union 


Humane  society.  He  contributed  articles  on 
slavery  to  the  Philanthropist,  and  joined  Charles 
Osborne  at  Mt.  Pleasant,  Ohio,  in  the  publication 
of  that  paper.  At  that  time  he  decided  to  sell 
his  property,  dispose  of  his  trade  and  devote 
his  energies  to  the  cause  of  anti-slavery.  He 
went  to  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  in  1819,  and  while  there  agi 
tated  the  slave  question  in  the  Missouri  and  Illi 
nois  papers.  On  his  return  to  Mt.  Pleasant  in  1821, 
he  established  The  Genius  of  Universal  Emanci 
pation,  and  in  1822  removed  the  journal  to- 
Jonesboro,  Tenn.,  travelling  the  five  hundred 
miles  on  foot.  There  he  issued  a  weekly  news 
paper  and  an  agricultural  monthly  besides  his 
own  paper,  and  he  transferred  the  journal  to 
Baltimore,  Md.,  in  1824.  He  had  agents  in  the 
slave  states  and  between  1820-30  visited  nineteen 
states  of  the  Union,  and  held  more  than  two- 
hundred  public  anti-slavery  meetings.  lie 
visited  Hayti  in  182C  and  1829,  Canada  in  1830, 
and  Texas  in  1830  and  1833,  for  the  purpose  of 
forming  settlements  for  emancipated  and  fugi 
tive  slaves,  but  the  events  preceding  the  annex 
ation  of  Texas  interfered  with  his  plans  for  the 
establishment  of  colonies  under  the  anti-slavery 
laws  of  Mexico.  In  September,  1829,  he  invited 
William  Lloyd  Garrison  to  Baltimore,  where  to 
gether  they  printed  The  Genius  of  Emancipation 
until  March,  1830,  when  the  partnership  was  dis 
solved.  During  Garrison's  imprisonment  Lundy 
was  fined  repeatedly  and  heavily,  and  was  also 
imprisoned.  Being  obliged  to  leave  Maryland  by 
order  of  the  court  at  Baltimore,  he  removed  his 
paper  to  Washington  in  October,  1830,  and  he 
printed  it  there  until  1834,  when  he  removed  it 
to  Philadelphia,  and  changed  its  name  to  the 
National  Inquirer.  It  was  subsequently  merged 
into  the  Pennsylvania  Freeman,  and  his  office  was 
destroyed  in  the  burning  of  Pennsylvania  Hall, 
which  was  fired  by  the  mob  in  May,  1838.  He  then 
removed  to  Lowell.  La  Salle  county.  111.,  and 
printed  his  paper  under  its  old  name,  The  Genius 
of  Emancipation,  fora  few  months.  lie  married 
a  Miss  Lewis,  and  had  five  children.  He  died  at 
Lowell,  111.,  Oct.  22,  1839. 

LUNT,  George,  author,  was  born  in  Newbury- 
port,  Mass.,  Dec.  31,  1803  ;  son  of  Abel  and 
Phoebe  (Tilton)  Lunt.  He  was  graduated  from 
Harvard  in  1824,  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1831,  and  practised  in  Newburyport,  1831-4*.  lie 
was  a  Whig  representative  in  the  general  court 
of  Massachusetts  and  a  state  senator  from  Essex 
county.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  Whig  national 
convention  at  Philadelphia.  June  7,  184S.  and 
was  appointed  U.S.  district  attorney  for  Massa 
chusetts  by  President  Taylor  in  1849.  He  was 
retained  by  President  Fillmore,  serving  1849-58. 
He  removed  to  Boston.  Mass.,  in  1818.  where  he 
practised  law  and  later  in  life  devoted  himself  to 
[166J 


LUNT 


LURTON 


securing  appropriations  for  the  construction  of 
harbors  of  refuge  for  storm-distressed  vessels 
on  the  coast  of  Massachusetts.  He  supported  the 
Democratic  party  after  1856  and  was  one  of  the 
editors  of  the  Boston  Courier,  1856-65.  He  mar 
ried  Sarah  Miles  Greenwood.  He  is  the  author 
of:  Leisure  Hoars  (1826);  The  Grave  of  Byron, 
with  other  Poems  (1826)  ;  Poems  (1889)  ;  The 
Age  of  Gold  (1843)  ;  The  Dove  and  the  Eagle 
(1851)  ;  Lyric  Poems  (1854)  ;  Julia  (1855)  ; 
East  ford,  or  Household  Sketches  (1855)  ;  Three 
Eras  of  New  England  (1857)  ;  Radicalism  in  Re 
ligion,  Philosophy  and  Social  Life  (1858)  ;  The 
Union,  a  Poem  (1860)  ;  The  Origin,  of  the  Late 
War  (1866)  ;  Old  New  England  Traits  (1873)  ;  Mis 
cellanies,  Poems,  etc.  (1884),  and  orations  and  ad 
dresses.  He  died  in  Boston,  Mass.,  May  17,  1885. 

LUNT,  Orrington,  philanthropist,  was  born 
at  Bowdoinham,  Maine,  Dec.  24,  1815  ;  son  of 
William  and  Matilda  Lunt.  He  was  an  a  .sistant 
in  his  father's  store,  becoming  a  partner  in  1836 
and  sole  proprietor  on  the  retirement  of  his  father 
shortly  afterward.  He  was  married  Jan.  16,  1842, 
to  Cornelia  A.  Gray  of  Bowdoinhani,  and  in 
the  same  year  he  disposed  of  his  business  and  re 
moved  to  Chicago,  111.,  where  he  became  an 
operator  in  grain  in  1844.  During  the  civil  war 
he  raised  and  equipped  the  first  regiment  to  start 
for  Cairo,  111.,  and  also  provided  the  army  with 
supplies  in  large  amounts  throughout  the  war. 
He  left  the  United  States  in  1865,  being  in  ill 
health,  and  travelled  in  Europe,  Egypt  and  the 
Holy  Land  for  several  years.  Shortly  after  his 
return  to  Chicago  the  great  fire  occurred,  in 
which  he  suffered  severe  losses,  which  his  extraor 
dinary  energy  soon  retrieved.  He  was  associated 
with  John  Evans  and  others  in  founding  the  city 
of  Evanston,  111.,  and  in  establishing  the  corpora 
tion  known  as  Trustees  of  the  Northwestern 
University  in  1851,  chartered  Feb.  23,  1867,  as 
Northwestern  University  and  also  its  theological 
department,  the  Garrett  Biblical  institute.  He 
was  an  original  trustee,  a  member  of  the  executive 
committee,  1851-97,  and  vice-president  and  pres 
ident  of  its  board  of  trustees,  1875-97.  He  also 
served  as  secretary  and  treasurer  of  the  Garrett 
Biblical  institute  for  over  thirty  years.  He  gave 
the  university  about  $200,000  during  his  lifetime, 
which  included  nearly  §100,000  for  the  Orrington 
Lunt  library  building  in  1894.  He  was  water 
commissioner  of  the  southern  division  of 
Chicago,  1855-62  ;  treasurer  and  president  of  the 
board  of  public  works  of  Chicago,  and  auditor  of 
the  board  of  directors  of  the  Galena  and  Chicago 
Union  railroad,  and  its  vice-president  for  t\vo 
years.  He  died  in  Evanston.  111.,  April  5,  1897. 

LUPTON,  Nathaniel  Thomas,  educator,  was 
born  near  Winchester.  Va..  Dec.  19.  1830.  He 
was  graduated  from  Dickenson  college  A.B., 


1849,  A.M.,  1852,  and  at  the  University  of  Heidel 
berg,  Germany,  where  he  studied  chemistry  un 
der  Robert  Wilhelm  Bunsen,  1855-56.  He  was 
professor  of  chemistry  and  geology  at  Randolph- 
Macon  college,  1857-58,  and  at  the  Southern 
University,  Greensboro,  Ala., 
from  its  organization,  Oct.  3, 
1859,  to  July,  1871,  when  he 
resigned.  He  was  president 
and  professor  of  chemistry 
at  the  University  of  Alabama. 
1871-74 ;  attended  the  con 
gress  of  Orientalists  in  Lon 
don,  England,  in  1874  ;  was  professor  of  chemistry 
and  dean  of  the  faculty  of  pharmacy  at  Vanderbilt 
university,  Term.,  1874-85  ;  chemist  for  the  state 
of  Alabama,  1885-93,  and  professor  of  chemistry 
in  the  Agricultural  college  of  Alabama,  1885-93. 
He  was  chairman  of  the  chemical  section  of  the 
American  Association  for  the  Advancement  of 
Science  in  1877,  vice-president  of  the  association 
in  1880,  and  vice-president  of  the  American 
Chemical  society  in  1889.  He  received  the  hon 
orary  degree  of  M.D.  from  Vanderbilt  university 
and  that  of  LL.D.  from  the  University  of  Ala 
bama  in  1875.  He  is  the  author  of  :  TJie  Element 
ary  Principles  of  Scientific  Agriculture  (1880). 
He  died  in  Auburn,  Ala,,  June  12,  1893. 

LUQUIENS,  Jules,  educator,  was  born  in 
Lausanne,  Switzerland,  Jan.  24,  1845.  He  was 
graduated  from  the  University  of  Geneva  ;  im 
migrated  to  America  in  1868  ;  was  a  teacher  in 
Charlier's  institute  for  boys  in  New  York  city, 
in  the  Wesleyan  college  for  women,  Cincinnati, 
Ohio,  and  took  a  post-graduate  course  at  Tale 
university  under  Prof.  W.  D.  Whitney,  1868-73, 
receiving  the  degree  of  Ph.D.  in  1873.  He  was 
instructor  in  the  University  of  Cincinnati,  1873- 
74  ;  a  teacher  in  the  Massachusetts  Institute  of 
Technology,  1874-92,  and  professor  of  romance 
languages  at  Yale,  1892-99.  He  was  married, 
Jan.  27,  1875,  to  Emma,  daughter  of  William 
Henry  and  Mary  (Boileau)  Clark,  and  their  son, 
Frederick  Bliss  Luquiens,  became  an  instructor 
in  French  language  in  Yale  university.  He  was 
a  member  of  the  American  Oriental  society  and 
of  the  Modern  Language  society.  He  is  the 
author  of:  French  Prose  of  Popular  Science  and 
Descriptive  Literature  (1885)  ;  A  Second  Year's 
Course  in  French  Grammar  (2  parts,  1887)  ; 
Places  and  Peoples  (1895),  and  numerous  articles 
for  philosophical  and  scientific  magazines.  He 
died  in  Salem,  Ohio,  Aug.  23,  1899. 

LURTON,  Horace  Harmon,  jurist,  was  born  in 
Newport,  Ky. ,  Feb.  26,  1844;  son  of  Lycurgus 
Leonidas  and  Sarah  (Harmon)  Lurton  and  grand 
son  of  William  Lurton  of  Scott  county,  Ky.  He 
was  graduated  from  Cumberland  university, 
Lebanon,  Tenn.,  in  1867,  was  admitted  to  the 
[167] 


LUTHER 


bar  in  the  same  year;  and  settled  in  practice  at      isolated  from  the  privileges  of  that  church    and 


Clarksville,  Tenn.  He  was  married,  in  Septem 
ber.  1867,  to  Francis,  daughter  of  Dr.  B.  H.  Owen, 
of  Lebanon,  Tenn.  He  was  chancellor  of  the  6th 
chancery  division  of  Tennessee,  1875-77  ;  a  justice 
of  the  supreme  court  of  Tennessee,  1886-93  ;  chief 
justice  in  1893,  and  on  March  29,  1893,  was  ap 
pointed  U.S.  circuit  judge  of  the  sixth  judicial 
circuit. 

LUTHER,  John  Hill,  educator,  was  born  in 
Warren,  R.I.,  June  '31.  1824.  His  mother  was  of 
Huguenot  descent  and  the  Luthers  were  Welsh 
emigrants  who  came  to  Rhode  Island  and  founded 
one  of  the  earliest  Baptist  churches  in  America, 
the  Rev.  Samuel  Luther  being  second  pastor  of 
Swansea  Baptist  church.  John  Hill  Luther  was 
graduated  at  Brown,  A.B.,  1847,  AM.,  1850,  and 
from  the  Newton  Theological  institution  in  1850. 
He  taught  school  in  Georgia,  1850-53  ;  was  ordained 
to  the  Baptist  ministry  in  1853,  at  Cuthbert,  Ga., 
and  was  pastor  at  Robertsville,  S.C.,  1853-57.  He 
was  president  of  a  seminary  in  Kansas  City.  Mo., 
1858-61  ;  pastor  at  Miami  and  Palmyra.  Mo..  1864- 
65  ;  edited  the  Baptist  Journal,  1866-68.  and  the 
Central  Baptist.  1868-78  ;  was  president  of  the 
Baylor  Female  college,  Belton,  Texas,  1878-91  ; 
pastor  at  Temple,  Texas,  1891-92  ;  professor  of 
homilitics,  Baylor  university,  Waco,  Texas.  1892- 
94  ;  and  a  missionary  in  Brazil,  1896-97.  He  re 
sided  in  Dallas,  Texas,  1894-96,  and  in  1897  made 
his  home  in  Temple,  Texas.  He  received  the  hon 
orary  degree  of  D.D.  from  William  Jewell  college 
in  1871.  He  is  the  author  of  Souvenir  Poems. 

LYBRAND,  Archibald,  representative,  was 
born  in  Tarlton,  Ohio,  May  23.  1840.  He  removed 
in  1857  to  Delaware,  Ohio,  where  he  studied  at 
the  Ohio  Wesleyan  university.  He  enlisted  as  a 
private  in  the  4th  Ohio  volunteer  infantry  in 
1861  ;  was  transferred  to  the  73d  Ohio  volunteers, 
promoted  first  lieutenant,  and  captain,  and  was 
present  at  Rich  Mountain,  Cross  Keys,  Second 
Bull  Run,  Cedar  Mountain,  Fredericksburg,  Chan- 
cellorsville  and  Gettysburg.  He  was  aide-de-camp 
to  Generals  Steinwehr  and  Sigel  and  took  part  in 
the  battles  of  Lookout  Mountain,  Chattanooga, 
and  the  Atlanta  campaign.  He  was  wounded  at 
the  battle  of  Peach  Tree  Creek  and  again  at  Dal 
las,  Ga.,  and  returned  to  Delaware,  Ohio,  at  the 
close  of  the  war.  He  was  elected  mayor  in  1869  ; 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1871  and  became  in 
terested  in  the  the  Delaware  Chair  company 
in  1873.  He  was  postmaster  of  Delaware.  1881-85, 
and  was  a  Republican  representative  from  the 
eighth  district  of  Ohio  in  the  55th  and  56th  con 
gresses,  1897-1901. 

LYELL,  Thomas,  clergyman,  was  born  in 
Richmond  county,  Va.,  May  13.  1775;  the  fifth 
son  of  John  and  Sarah  Lyell.  His  parents,  mem 
bers  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal  church,  were 


he  became  a  Methodist.  In  1790  he  began  to 
exhort  and  in  1792  to  preach  in  Virginia  and  sub 
sequently  in  Providence,  R.I.  He  was  chaplain 
of  the  U.S.  house  of  representatives,  1797-1804  ; 
was  admitted  to  the  diaconate  in  the  Protestant 
Episcopal  church  by  Bishop  Claggettin  1804,  and 
advanced  to  the  priesthood  by  Bishop  Moore  in 
1805.  He  was  rector  of  Christ  church.  New  York 
city,  1805-48  ;  secretary  of  the  diocesan  conven 
tions.  1811-16  ;  member  of  the  standing  commit 
tee,  1813-48  ;  deputy  to  the  general  convention, 
1818-44  ;  trustee  of  the  General  Theological  semi 
nary,  1822-48;  and  senior  member  of  the  board 
of  trustees  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal  society  for 
promoting  learning  and  religion  in  the  state  of 
New  York  at  the  time  of  his  death.  He  was 
married  three  times,  his  first  wife  being  a  daugh 
ter  of  the  Rev.  Dr.  Abraham  Beach,  rector  of 
Trinity  parish.  He  received  the  honorary  degree 
of  A.M.  from  Brown  in  1S03.  and  that  of  D.D. 
from  Columbia  in  1822.  He  died  in  New  Y'ork 
city.  March  4.  1848. 

LYLE,  Aaron,  representative,  was  born  in 
Northampton  county.  Pa.,  Nov.  17,  1759  ;  son  of 
Robert  and  Mary  (Gilleland)  Lyle,  and  grandson 
of  John  Lyle  of  Scotland,  afterward  of  county 
Antrim,  Ireland,  who  settled  with  a.  brother  in 
eastern  Pennsylvania.  He  attended  the  neigh 
boring  school,  and  served  in  the  Revolutionary 
war.  He  was  appointed  by  the  legislature  a 
trustee  of  Jefferson  college  under  the  charter  of 
Jan.  15,  1802.  and  he  resigned  in  April,  1822.  He 
was  a  representative  in  the  Pennsylvania  legisla 
ture,  1797-1801  :  a  state  senator,  1802-04,  to  till 
a  vacancy  ;  and  a  representative  from  Pennsylva 
nia  in  the  11th.  12th.  13th.  14th  congresses,  1809- 
17.  He  died  at  Cross  Creek.  Pa..  Sept.  24,  1825. 

LYMAN,  Benjamin  Smith,  geologist,  was 
born  in  Northampton.  Mass.,  Dec.  11.  1835;  son 
of  Judge  Samuel  Fowler  and  Ahnira  (Smith) 
Lyman.  and  grandson  c*'  Judge  Joseph  Lyman 
and  of  Benjamin  Smith  of  I  bitfield.  Mass.  His 
great-grandfather,  Capt.  Joseph  Lyman,  was  a 
soldier  in  the  Revolutionary  war,  and  of  his  first 
ancestors  in  America.  Richard  Lyman  emigrated 
from  England  in  1631.  and  settled  in  Northamp 
ton,  and  Lieut.  Samuel  Smith  came  from  England 
in  1634,  and  settled  in  Hatfield.  Mass.  Benjamin 
attended  the  common  schools  of  Northampton 
and  Phillips  academy  at  Exeter,  N.IL,  and  was 
graduated  from  Harvard  in  IHoS.  He  was  prin 
cipal  of  Deerlield  academy.  Mass.,  in  1856.  and 
aided  J.  P.  Lesley  (q.v.)  in  a  geological  and  topo 
graphical  survey  of  Broad  Top  Mountain.  Pa. 
He  was  assistant  in  Short's  classical  school  for 
boys  in  Philadelphia.  Pa.,  in  1856-57.  Through 
the  greater  part  of  1X57,  he  travelled  in  Massa 
chusetts  Connecticut,  New  York,  Pennsylvania, 


[108] 


LYMAN 


LYMAN 


Maryland,  Delaware.  Virginia,  Tennessee,  North 
Carolina,  Georgia  and  Alabama  to  collect  statis 
tics  of  the  iron  manufacture  for  the  American 
Iron  association.  He  was  assistant  to  Professor 
James  Hall  on  the  state  geological  survey  of 

Iowa  in  1858,  and  as 
sisted  Mr.  Lesley  in 
private  geological 
work  in  1859.  He 
studied  at  the  Paris 
Mining  school,  1859- 
61,  and  at  the  Frei 
berg  Mining  acade 
my,  1861-62.  He  was 
occupied  in  geolog 
ical  work  at  Cape 
Breton,N.S.,  1863-65, 
and  in  Pennsylvania, 
California  (going  by 
way  of  Panama  and 
returning  by  over 
land  stage  in  1864), 
Virginia.  Alabama,  Illinois  and  on  the  Labrador 
Coast,  1862-69.  He  was  employed  by  the  British 
government  to  make  surveys  of  oil  fields  in  India, 
1869-71.  He  received  a  patent  on  an  application 
of  the  solar  compass  to  the  surveying  transit  in 
1871.  He  resided  in  Philadelphia.  Pa.,  1871-72; 
making  surveys  in  West  Virginia  and  elsewhere  ; 
made  a  geological  survey  of  the  island  of  Yesso 
for  the  Colonization  board  of  the  Japanese  gov 
ernment,  1873-75.  and  a  geological  survey  of  the 
oil  fields  of  Japan  for  the  home  department  and 
later  the  public  works  department,  1878-79.  He 
returned  to  America  at  the  end  of  1880.  resided 
in  Northampton,  Mass..  and  was  engaged  in  geo 
logical  surveys  in  Pennsylvania,  Ohio,  Nova  Sco 
tia,  Colorado  and  New  Mexico.  He  made  a 
survey  of  Bucks  and  Montgomery  counties  for 
the  Pennsylvania  state  geological  survey  ;  and 
in  1887  he  removed  to  Philadelphia.  He  was 
elected  a  member  of  many  learned  societies  in 
cluding  the  Geological  Society  of  France,  the 
American  Association  for  the  Advancement  of 
Science  ;  the  American  Philosophical  society  ; 
the  Asiatic  Society  of  Bengal,  the  German  Geo 
logical  society  ;  the  American  Institute  of  Min 
ing  Engineers  :  the  American  Oriental  society  ; 
the  Asiatic  Society  of  Japan  ;  the  German  East 
Asiatic  society  ;  the  American  Folk-Lore  so 
ciety  ;  the  Engineers'  Club  of  Philadelphia  and 
the  National  Geographic  society.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  :  Telescopic-  Measurement  in  Surveying 
(1868);  General  Report  on  the  Punjab  Oil  Lands 
(1870);  Topography  of  the  Punjab  Oil  Region 
(1871);  General  Report  on  the  Geologi/  of  Yesso 
(1877):  Character  of  the  Japanese  (1885);  Report 
on  the  New  Boston  and  Morea  Coal  Lands  (1889) ; 
An  Old  Japanese  Foot  Measure  (1890);  Japanese 


[1011] 


Swords  (1892).  He  also  contributed  to  scientific 
magazines  and  the  transactions  of  learned  socie 
ties  and  published  reports  and  articles  which  in 
1901  had  formed  a  bibliography  of  upwards  of  100 
separate  titles  covering  his  progress  in  geological 
research. 

LYMAN,  Chester  Smith,  physicist,  was  born 
in  Manchester,  Conn.,  Jan.  13,  1814.  He  was  a 
student  of  astronomy  while  a  boy,  constructing 
apparatus,  computing  almanacs  and  making 
tables  of  eclipses  without  a  teacher,  1830-31.  He 
graduated  from  Yale  in  1837.  taught  school  in 
Ellington,  Conn.,  1838-39  ;  and  studied  theology  at 
the  Union  Theological  seminary.  New  York,  1839- 
40  and  at  Yale  Theological  seminary,  1840-42. 
He  was  ordained  to  the  Congregational  ministry, 
Feb.  15,  1843,  and  was  pastor  at  New  Britain, 
Conn.,  1843-45.  He  visited  the  Sandwich  Islands 
in  1846.  had  charge  of  the  Royal  school  at  Hono 
lulu  for  four  months  and  made  explorations  to 
the  volcano  Kilauea,  and  established  new  theories 
as  to  the  cause  of  volcanic  eruptions.  He  en 
gaged  in  surveying  in  California,  1847-50,  during 
which  time  he  furnished  early  authentic  reports- 
of  the  discovery  of  gold.  He  removed  to  New 
Haven,  Conn.,  in  1850,  where  he  had  charge  of 
the  scientific  terms  in  the  revision  of  "  Webster's 
Dictionary,''  1850-58.  He  was  professor  of  indus 
trial  mechanics  and  physics  and  instructor  in 
theoretical  and  practical  astronomy  in  the  Shef 
field  scientific  school  of  Yale  college,  1859-71  ; 
professor  of  astronomy  and  physics,  1871-84 ; 
professor  of  astronomy,  1884-89,  and  emeritus 
professor,  1889-90.  He  invented  a  combined 
zenith  telescope  and  transit  for  latitude,  longitude 
and  time  in  1852  ;  an  apparatus  for  illustrating 
the  dynamics  of  ocean  waves  in  1867  and  an  ap 
paratus  for  describing  acoustic  curves  in  1871. 
He  was  the  first  to  observe  the  planet  Venus  as  a 
delicate  luminous  ring  when  seen  in  close  prox 
imity  to  the  sun  near  inferior  conjunction.  He 
was  president  of  the  Connecticut  Academy  of 
Arts  and  Sciences,  1857-77,  and  an  honorary 
member  of  the  British  Association  for  the  Ad 
vancement  of  Science.  The  honorary  degree  of 
M.A.  was  conferred  on  him  by  Beloit  college, 
Wis.,  in  1864.  He  is  the  author  of  numerous- 
papers  for  the  leading  scientific  magazines.  He 
died  in  New  Haven,  Conn.,  Jan.  29,  1890. 

LYHAN,  Daniel,  jurist,  was  born  in  Durham, 
Conn.,  Jan.  27,  1756  ;  son  of  Thomas  and  Anne  (Mer- 
win)  Lyman,  grandson  of  Thomas  and  Elizabeth 
(—  — )  Lyman,  and  a  descendant  of  Richard  Ly 
man,  a  native  of  Essex  county,  England,  who  emi 
grated  to  America  with  his  family  in  1631,  and 
settled  first  in  Cliarlestown,  Mass.,  and  in  1635  in 
Hartford,  Conn.  Daniel  was  graduated  at  Yale, 
A.B.,  1776,  A.M.,  1779,  and  in  1775  served  a* 
captain  in  the  expedition  against  Ticonderoga, 


LYMAN 


LYMAN 


Crown  Point  and  St.  John.  He  returned  to  the 
army  after  his  graduation,  was  appointed  brigade- 
major,  and  had  his  horse  shot  under  him  at  the 
battle  of  White  Plains.  N.Y.  He  was  promoted 
captain  under  Col.  W.  R.  Lee,  in  1777;  became 
aide  to  General  Heath  in  May,  1 778,  and  adjutant- 
general  of  the  eastern  department  in  1779,  and 
was  stationed  on  the"  Hudson  River  until  the  end  of 
the  war.  He  was  married,  Jan.  10,  1782,  to 
Mary,  daughter  of  John  Wanton  of  Newport, 
R.I.  He  practised  law  in  Newport,  R.I.,  1782- 
1808  ;  and  was  chief  justice  of  the  supreme  court 
of  Rhode  Island,  1802-16.  He  built  the  Lyman 
cotton  mill  in  Providence,  toward  the  close  of 
his  life.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Hartford  con 
vention  that  met  Dec.  15,  1814  ;  and  was  presi 
dent  of  the  state  Society  of  the  Cincinnati.  He 
died  in  North  Providence,  R.I.,  Oct.  16,  1880. 

LYMAN,  David  Belden,  missionary,  was  born 
in  New  Hartford,  Conn.,  July  28,  1803;  son  of 
David  and  Rhoda  (Belden)  Lyman  ;  grandson  of 
David  and  Mary  (Brown)  Lyman,  and  a  descend 
ant  of  Richard  Lyman,  1631.  He  was  graduated 
from  Williams  college  in  1828  and  from  the  An- 
dover  Theological  seminary  in  1831  ;  and  was 
ordained  as  a  missionary  of  the  A.B.C.F.M.  at 
Hanover,  N.H.,  Oct.  12,  1831.  He  was  married 
Nov.  3,  1831,  to  Sarah  Joiner  of  Royalton,  Vt., 
and  on  November  26  they  sailed  from  New  Bed 
ford,  Mass.,  with  a  large  reinforcement  for  the 
Sandwich  Islands.  The  company  arrived  at 
Honolulu,  May  17,  1832,  after  a  passage  of  172 
clays.  Mr.  Lyman  and  his  wife  were  subse 
quently  assigned  to  the  station  at  Hilo,  one 
of  the  remotest  of  the  group.  He  was  placed  in 
charge  of  the  church  at  Hilo  and  its  outlying 
missions  where  he  labored  with  success  for  sev 
eral  years.  Upon  the  arrival  of  Titus  and  Fidelia 
Coan  in  1836,  he  turned  over  his  mission  to  Mr. 
Coan,  and  witli  the  assistance  of  his  wife,  estab 
lished  an  academy  for  young  men,  the  pupils 
cultivating  a  farm  and  thus  supplying  the  school 
with  food.  In  1873  Mr.  Lyman  retired  from 
active  work  in  the  school.  He  died  in  Hilo, 
Hawaii,  Oct.  4,  1884,  and  his  wife  Dec.  6,  1885. 

LYMAN,  Henry  Munson,  physician,  was  born 
in  Hilo,  Hawaiian  Islands,  Nov.  26,  1835  ;  son  of 
David  Belden  and  Sarah  (Joiner)  Lyman.  He 
was  graduated  from  Williams  college,  A.B., 
1858,  A.M.,  1861,  and  from  the  College  of  Physi 
cians  and  Surgeons  in  New  York  city  in  1861. 
He  was  house  surgeon  at  Bellevue  hospital,  New 
York  city,  1861-62,  enlisted  in  the  Union  army 
as  acting  assistant  surgeon  of  volunteers,  and 
served  in  military  hospitals  at  Nashville,  Tenn., 
until  1863,  when  he  resigned  and  established  him 
self  in  practice  at  Chicago,  111.  He  was  professor 
of  chemistry  in  Rush  Medical  college,  Chicago, 
1870-75 ;  professor  of  physiology  and  nervous 

[I1 


diseases,  1875-90,  and  professor  of  the  principles 
and  practice  of  medicine,  1890-97,  and  senior 
dean  of  the  faculty,  1897.  He  also  filled  the  chair 
of  the  theory  and  practice  of  medicine  in  the 
Chicago  Woman's  Medical  college.  He  is  the 
author  of:  Artificial  Anesthesia  and  Anaesthet 
ics  (1881);  Insomnia  (1885);  A  Text-Book  of  the 
Practice  of  Medicine  (1892). 

LYflAN,  Joseph,  representative,  was  born  in 
Lyons,  Mich.,  Sept.  13,  1840.  He  entered  Iowa 
college,  but  upon  the  outbreak  of  the  civil  war 
he  enlisted  as  regimental  clerk  in  the  4th  Iowa 
cavalry.  He  was  transferred  to  the  29th  Iowa 
infantry  and  served  as  adjutant,  1862-65;  was 
aide-de-camp  and  inspector-general  on  the  staff 
of  Gen.  Samuel  A.  Rice  in  1864;  was  promoted 
major  of  the  29th  Iowa  infantry,  Feb.  21 , 1865,  and 
served  till  Aug.  10,  1865,  and  was  aide-de-camp 
and  acting  assistant  adjutant-general  on  the  staff 
of  Maj-Gen.  Frederick  Steele  from  Feb.  1,  1865, 
until  he  was  mustered  out  of  service.  He  was 
graduated  from  the  law  department  of  the  State 
University  of  Iowa  in  1866  and  practised  law  at 
Council  Bluffs,  Iowa.  He  was  deputy  collector 
of  internal  revenue,  1867-70 ;  circuit  jud^e  of  the 
13th  judicial  district  from  Jan.  1  till  Dec.  31, 
1884,  and  was  a  Republican  representative  in  the 
49th  and  50th  congresses,  1885-89.  He  died  at 
Council  Bluffs,  Iowa,  July  9,  1890. 

LYMAN,  Joseph,  artist,  was  born  in  Ravenna, 
Ohio,  July  26,  1843 :  son  of  Joseph  and  Mary 
(Clark)  Lyman.  He  attended  the  high  school  at 
Cleveland,  Ohio,  and  studied  art  in  New  York 
under  John  H.  Dolph  and  Samuel  Column.  He 
traveled  in  Europe,  1866-70  and  in  1883.  He  first 
exhibited  at  the  National  Academy  .of  Design  in 
1886,  and  was  elected  an  associate  of  the  academy 
the  same  year.  His  paintings  include  :  Summer 
Night;  Evening  (1880);  Perce  Rock,  Gulf  of  Ht. 
Lawrence  (1881);  Moonlight  at  Sttnxet  on  the 
Maine  Coast  (1882);  Waiting  for  the  Tide  (1883); 
Street  in  St.  Augustine,  Florida  (1884):  Under 
her  own  Fig-Tree  (1885). 

LYHAN,  Joseph  Bardwell,  agricultural  editor, 
was  born  in  Chester,  Mass.,  Oct.  6,  1829  ;  son  of 
Timothy  and  Experience  (Bardwell)  Lyman  and 
grandson  of  Timothy  and  Dorothy  (Kinney)  Ly 
man.  He  was  graduated  from  Yale  in  1850  ; 
taught  school  in  the  south,  1850-53  ;  was  gradu 
ated  from  the  law  department  of  the  University 
of  Louisiana,  LL.B.,  1856,  and  settled  in  practice 
in  New  Orleans.  In  .March.  1863,  he  served  as 
commissary  in  the  Confederate  army  to  avoid 
conscription,  and  in  September  of  that  year  he 
joined  his  family  in  Boston,  removing  to  New 
York  in  1864  and  thence  in  1865  to  Stamford, 
Conn.,  where  he  devoted  himself  to  horticulture 
and  literary  work.  He  removed  to  New  York 
city  and  became  agricultural  editor  of  the  World. 
•0] 


LYMAN 


LYMAN 


in  1867.  He  was  managing  editor  of  the  Hearth 
and  Home  in  1868  and  was  a  member  of  the  edi 
torial  staff  of  the  New  York  Tribune,  1868-72. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  Farmers'  club;  the  Rural 
club  ;  an  honorary  member  of  many  horticultural 
associations  and  a  manager  of  the  American  in 
stitute.  He  was  married  July  14,  1858,  to  Laura 
Elizabeth  Baker  who  was  born  in  Kent's  Hill, 
Maine,  April  2,  1831,  and  was  graduated  from 
Wesleyan  academy,  Mass..  in  1849.  She  published 
a  series  of  articles  in  the  Hearth  and  Home 
under  the  pen  name  "  Kate  Hunnibee,"  and  was 
elected  president  of  the  Woman's  Physiological 
society  of  Brooklyn,  N.Y.,  in  1875,  and  edited  the 
"  Home  Interest''  department  in  the  New  York 
Tribune,  1869-87,  and  the  Din  ing  Room  Magazine, 
1876-77.  In  conjunction  with  his  wife.  Mr.  Ly- 
man  wrote  The  Philosopliy  of  Housekeeping 
(1867).  He  is  the  author  of  :  Resources  of  the  Pa- 
cijic  States  (1865);  Women  of  the  War  (1866),  and 
Cotton  C'tlttire  (1867).  He  died  in  Richmond 
Hill.  Long  Island,  N.Y.,  Jan.  28,  1872. 

LYMAN,  Phineas,  soldier,  was  born  in  Dur 
ham,  Conn.,  in  1716  ;  son  of  Noah  and  Elizabeth 
Lyman  and  grandson  of  Thomas  and  Ruth  (Hoi- 
ton)  Baker  Lyman  of  Northampton,  Mass.  He 
learned  the  trade  of  a  weaver  and  was  graduated 
from  Yale,  Dean's  scholar.  A.B.,  1738,  A.M.,  1741  ; 
was  a  tutor  there,  1738-41,  and  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  and  settled  in  Suffield,  Mass.  In  1749  he 
procured  the  admission  of  the  town. of  Suffield  as 
part  of  Connecticut,  and  he  was  senior  represent 
ative  from  Suffield  in  the  Connecticut  assembly, 
1750-52.  and  a  member  of  the  upper  house  of 
assistants,  1752-59.  He  was  appointed  major-gen 
eral,  and  commander-in-cliief  of  the  forces  sent 
against  Crown  Point  in  March,  1755.  and  in  the 
summer  of  1756  he  built  Fort  Lyman.  afterward 
Fort  Edward.  He  commanded  in  the  battle  of 
Lake  George,  Sept.  8,  1755,  after  Sir  William 
Johnson  was  wounded,  but  Johnson's  official 
report  gave  him  no  credit  for  the  victory.  In 
February,  1757,  he  commanded  a  regiment  of  1400 
men  raised  for  service  under  the  Earl  of  Loudoun, 
and  during  part  of  the  subsequent  campaign  he 
commanded  at  Fort  Edward.  In  March,  1758, 
with  a  force  of  5000  men,  he  took  part  in  the  en 
gagements  that  led  to  the  repulse  of  General  Aber- 
orombie  at  Ticonderoga  and  in  the  defeat  of  Lord 
Howe.  He  commanded  the  Connecticut  troops 
under  General  Amherst  in  the  capture  of  Crown 
Point  and  Ticonderoga  ;  in  the  reduction  of  Fort 
Louis  at  Oswego  and  the  capture  of  Montreal. 
In  March,  1762,  he  was  placed  in  command  of  the 
entire  provincial  force  engaged  in  the  unsuccess 
ful  expedition  against  Havana,  Cuba.  He  was  in 
England,  1763-72,  in  the  interest  of  the  survivors 
of  the  French  and  Indian  war,  and  obtained  a 
grant  of  land  20  miles  square,  east  of  the  Missis 


sippi  and  south  of  the  Yazoo  river,  and  in  1772  he 
went  with  a  few  companions  to  make  prepara 
tion  for  the  removal  of  the  survivors  and  their 
families.  He  was  married  Oct.  7,  1742,  to  Elea 
nor,  daughter  of  Col.  Timothy  Dvvight  of  North 
ampton.  Mass.  She  removed  to  the  settlement 
near  Natchez,  Miss.,  in  1776.  where  she  died  in 
April,  1777,  and  where  General  Lyman  had  died 
Sept.  10,  1774. 

LYMAN,  Samuel,  representative,  was  born  in 
Goshen,  Conn.,  Jan.  25,  1749  ;  son  of  Deacon 
Moses  and  Sarah  (Hayden)  Lyman.  and  grandson 
of  Capt.  Moses  and  Mindwell  (Sheldon)  Lyman. 
He  was  graduated  from  Yale,  A.B.,  1770.  A.M., 
1773  :  studied  theology  in  conformity  with  the 
wish  of  his  father,  and  then  took  up  the  study  of 
law  at  Litchh'eld,  Conn.  He  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  and  opened  a  law  office  in  Hartford,  Conn. 
He  was  married  to  Mary  Pynchon  of  Springfield, 
Mass.;  removed  to  that  place,  and  served  as  judge 
of  the  circuit  court.  He  was  a  representative  from 
Springfield  in  the  general  court  of  Massachusetts, 
1786-88  ;  a  state  senator,  1790-93  ;  and  a  represent 
ative  in  the  4th,  5th  and  6th  congresses,  1795- 
1800.  He  resigned  in  1800  on  account  of  failing 
health,  and  devoted  himself  to  his  farm.  He 
died  in  Springfield.  Mass..  June  6.  1802. 

LYMAN,  Theodore,  philanthropist,  was  born 
in  Boston,  Mass.,  Feb.  20,  1792;  son  of  Theodore 
and  Lydia  (Williams)  Lyman;  grandson  of  the 
Rev.  Isaac  and  Sarah  (Plummer)  Lyman  ;  great- 
grandson  of  Capt.  Moses  and  Mindwell  (Sheldon) 
Lyman,  and  a  descendant  of  Richard  and  Sarah 
(Osborne)  Lyman.  Richard  Lyman  was  a  native 
of  High  Ougar,  Essex  county,  England,  and  came 
to  America  in  the  ship  Lion  in  1631,  settling  first 
at  Charlestown,  Mass.,  and  in  1635  at  Hartford, 
Conn.  Theodore  Lyman.  Sr.,  was  an  eminent 
merchant,  engaged  in  the  northwest  fur  trade 
and  in  the  coast  and  China  trade.  Theodore 
Lyman,  Jr.,  was  prepared  for  college  at  Phillips 
Exeter  academy  and  was  graduated  from  Har 
vard,  A.B.,  1810,  A.M.,  1815.  He  studied  litera 
ture  in  the  University  of  Edinburgh,  1812-14, 
travelled  on  the  continent  for  a  short  time  in  1814, 
and  was  in  France  during  the  first  restoration. 
He  returned  to  the  United  States  in  the  autumn 
of  1814,  and  revisited  Europe  in  June,  1817.  He 
travelled  in  Germany  with  Edward  Everett,  vis 
ited  Greece,  Egypt  and  Palestine,  and  returned 
to  Boston,  Mass.,  in  1819.  He  was  married,  May 
15.  1821,  to  Mary  Elizabeth  Henderson  of  New 
York  and  resided  at  Waltham,  Mass.,  1821-44. 
He  commanded  the  Boston  brigade,  state  militia, 
1823-27;  was  a  representative  in  the  Massachu 
setts  legislature,  1821-24,  state  senator,  1824, 
state  representative,  1825.  and  mayor  of  Boston, 
1834-35.  On  Oct.  21,1835,  he  rescued  William 
Lloyd  Garrison  from  the  mob  that  attacked  the 

[171] 


LYMAN 


LYMAN 


meeting  of  the  Female  Anti-Slavery  society  while 
he  was  in  attendance.  After  his  wife's  death  in 
1835,  he  devoted  himself  to  assisting  the  poor  and 
criminal  classes.  He  removed  to  Brookline  in 
1844.  He  was  president  of  the  Boston  Farm 
school,  1840-4(5 ;  and  in  1840.  and  subsequently 
during  his  lifetime,  gave  $33.500  to  the  state 
reform  school  at  Westboro.  Mass.  He  left  in  his 
will  the  sum  of  $50,000  to  the  state  reform  school ; 
$10,000  to  the  farm  school  of  Boston,  and  $10,000 
the  Massachusetts  Horticultural  society  of  which 
he  was  a  life  member.  He  is  the  author  of: 
Three  Weeks  in  Paris  (;814)  ;  The  Political  State 
of  It alij  (1830)  :  The  Hartford  Convention  (1833)  ; 
The  Diplomacy  of  the  United  States  (3  vols.,  1838). 
He  died  in  Brookline,  Mass.,  July  18,  1849. 

LYMAN,  Theodore,  naturalist,  was  born  in 
Waltham,  Mass.,  Aug.  33,  1833  ;  son  of  Theodore 
and  Mary  E.  (Henderson)  Lyman.  He  was  gradu 
ated  from  Harvard  college,  A.B.,  1855,  S.B., 
1858,  and  was  married,  Nov.  38,  1856,  to  Eliza 
beth,  daughter  of 
George  R.  and  Sarah 
(Shaw)  Russell.  He 
was  assistant  in  zool 
ogy  at  the  Museum 
of  Comparative  Zool 
ogy,  1800-01.  and  pur 
sued  his  studies  in 
Europe,  1801-03.  He 
was  volunteer  aide 
•with  rank  of  lieu 
tenant-colonel  on  the 
staff  of  Ma  j. -Gen. 
George  G.  Meade, 
commanding  the 

Army  of  the  Poto 
mac,  1803-05,  partici 
pating  in  the  movements  on  Mine  Run  and  Cen- 
treville  in  1803,  the  battles  of  the  Wilderness, 
Spottsylvania  and  Cold  Harbor  ;  through  the  in 
vestment  of  Petersburg  ;  in  the  rout  and  pursuit 
of  Lee's  army,  and  its  capture  at  Appomattox 
Court  House.  He  was  mustered  out  of  the  vol 
unteer  service,  April  30,  1805,  and  returned  to  his 
home  in  Brookline,  Mass.  He  was  fish  commis 
sioner  for  Massachusetts,  1805-83  ;  and  made  the 
first  scientific  experiments  undertaken  for  the 
cultivation  and  preservation  of  food  fishes  by  any 
state  in  the  Union.  He  also  prepared  "  Reports 
of  the  Commissioners  on  Inland  Fisheries  of  Mas 
sachusetts''  (1805-83).  He  was  a  representative 
from  the  ninth  Massachusetts  district  in  the  48th 
congress,  1883-85  ;  an  overseer  of  Harvard, 
1S08-80  and  18SI-88  ;  fellow  of  the  American 
Academy  of  Arts  and  Sciences  ;  member  of  the 
Massachusetts  Historical  society  ;  honorary  mem 
ber  of  the  New  York  Academy  of  Sciences  and  of 
the  National  Academy  of  Sciences,  1873-97.  He 


[1T2J 


was  president  of  the  Boston  farm  school,  and  a 
trustee  of  the  Peabody  education  fund,  the  Pea- 
body  Museum  of  Archaeology,  and  the  state  re 
form  school.  He  received  the  degree  LL.D. 
from  Harvard  in  1891,  contributed  to  the  build 
ing  of  Memorial  hall  and  served  on  the  building 
committee.  He  left  $1 0,000  to  Harvard  and  his 
collection  of  scientific  books  to  the  Museum  of 
Comparative  Zoology.  He  contributed  articles 
to  scientific  journals  and  published  :  Illustrated 
Catalogue  of  the  Ophiuridce  and  Astrophytidce  in 
the  Museum  of  Comparative  Zoology  (1805)  ;  lie- 
port  on  Ophiuridce  and  Astroplujtida*.  Dredged  by 
Louis  F.  de  Pom-talcs  (18(59)  ;  Old  and  Neiv 
Ophiuridce  and  Astrophytidce  of  the  Hassle r  Ex~ 
pedition  (1875)  ;  Dredging  Operations  of  the  U.S. 
Steamer  Blake  ;  Ophittrans  (1875)  ;  Padrome  of 
the  Ophiuridce  and  Astrophytidce  of  the  Challen- 
der  Expedition  (Part  I.,  1878  ;  Part  II..  1879); 
Report  on  the  Ophiuridce  Dredged  {>//  11.  M.  S. 
Challenger  During  the  Years  AS';;?-7v;  (1H83)  ; 
Papers  Relating  to  the  Garrison  Mob  (1870).  He 
died  at  Nahant,  Mass.,  Sept.  9,  1897. 

LYHAN,  Theodore  Benedict,  fourth  bishop  of 
North  Carolina  and  103d  in  succession  in  the 
American  episcopate,  was  born  in  Brighton, 
Mass.,  Nov.  37,  1815  ;  son  of  the  Rev.  Asa  and 
Mary  (Benedict)  Lyman;  grandson  of  William 
and  Mary  (Parker) 
Lyman,  and  of  Aaron 
Benedict  of  Middle- 
bury,  Conn.,  and  a 
descendant  of  Rich 
ard  and  Sarah  (Os- 
borne)  Lyman.  He 
was  graduated  at 
Hamilton  college, 
N.Y\,  in  1837,  and 
at  the  General  Theo 
logical  seminary, 
New  York  city,  in 
1840.  He  was  ordered 
deacon  in  Christ 
church,  Baltimore, 
Md.,  Sept.  30,  1840, 
and  ordained  priest  in  St.  John's,  Ilagers- 
town,  Md.,  Dec.  19.  1841,  where  he  was  rector, 
1841-51.  He  was  rector  of  Trinity  church,  Pitts- 
burg,  Pa.,  1851-150:  and  during  his  residence  in 
Europe,  1800-70.  he  declined  the  deanship  of  the 
General  Theological  seminary,  New  York  city.  He 
established  and  was  rector  of  the  American  church 
at  Florence,  being  also  the  founder  of  St.  Paul's 
Within  the  Walls,  the  American  chapel  at 
Rome.  Italy.  He  was  rector  of  Trinity  church, 
San  Fnmcisco,  Cal..  1870-73.  and  in  the  latter 
year  was  elected  assistant  bishop  of  North  Caro 
lina,  and  was  consecrated  in  Christ  church, 
Raleigh,  N.C.,  Dec.  11,  1873,  by  Bishops  Whit- 


LYMAN 


LYNCH 


tingham,  Atkinson  and  Lay,  and  on  the  death  of 
Bishop  Atkinson,  Jan.  4,  1881,  he  succeeded  to 
the  bishopric  as  fourth  bishop  of  North  Carolina. 
Bishop  Lyman  was  appointed  to  take  charge  of 
the  .American  Episcopal  churches  in  Europe,  as 
successor  to  the  bishop  of  Long  Island  in  1886, 
but  the  increasing  cares  of  his  own  diocese  com 
pelled  him  to  relinquish  his  charge  in  1887.  The 
fiftieth  anniversary  of  the  bishop's  ordination  to 
the  priesthood  was  celebrated  in  Raleigh,  on  Dec. 
10  and  20.  1801.  and  the  ceremonies  were  partici 
pated  in.  not  only  by  the  clergy  and  the  laity  of 
the  church  in  North  Carolina,  but  by  the  citizens 
generally  without  reference  to  creed.  He  was 
married  in  June.  184.").  to  Anna  M.,  daughter  of 
Jacob  Albert  of  Baltimore,  Md.  ;  and  secondly, 
Feb.  0.  180:5.  to  Susan  B.  Robertson  of  Charleston. 
S.C.  He  received  the  honorary  degree  of  D.D. 
from  St.  James  college.  Md.,  in  1806,  LL.l).  from 
the  University  of  North  Carolina  in  1887,  and  that 
of  D.C.L.  from  Hamilton  in  1802.  He  died  at 
Raleigh,  N.C..  Dec.  13,  180-3. 

LYflAN,  William,  representative,  was  born 
in  Northampton,  Mass.,  Dec.  7,  175")  ;  son  of  Capt. 
William  and  Jemima  (Sheldon)  Lyman  ;  grandson 
of  Lieut.  Benjamin  and  Thankful  (Pomeroy) 
Lyman  ;  great-grandson  of  John  and  Dorcas 
(Plumb)  Lyman,  and  a  descendant  of  Richard, 
1631.  He  was  graduated  from  Yale  in  1776,  and 
then  entered  the  American  army,  serving  until 
its  close  as  brigadier-general  of  militia.  He  was 
a  representative  in  the  general  court  of  Massa 
chusetts,  state  senator  in  1780,  and  a  representa 
tive  in  the  yd  and  4th  congresses,  1703-07.  He 
and  Gen.  Andrew  Jackson  were  the  only  two 
representatives  in  the  4th  congress  who  voted 
against  the  commendatory  resolutions  on  the 
retirement  of  General  Washington  from  the 
presidency.  He  was  U.S.  consul  at  London  by 
appointment  of  President  Jefferson.  1805-11.  He 
died  in  London.  England,  Sept.  2,  1811. 

LYNCH,  Charles,  soldier,  was  born  in  Vir 
ginia  ;  son  of  Charles  Lynch  who  emigrated  from 
Ireland  when  a  boy  and  settled  on  a  large  body 
of  land  on  the  James  river,  near  the  Peaks  of 
Otter.  Charles  served  in  the  Revolutionary  war 
as  colonel  of  a  regiment  of  riflemen,  and  was 
conspicuous  for  gallantry  at  Guilford,  N.C.  He 
is  said  to  have  originated  and  enacted  the  cele 
brated  code  called  "  Lynch  Law  "  during  the 
Revolution,  in  order  to  punish  a  band  of  lawless 
tories  and  desperadoes  about  Lynchburg.  which 
place  was  founded  by  his  brother  John.  Colonel 
Lynch,  who  was  a  staunch  Whig,  organized  and 
led  a  strong  party  of  patriots  suid  scoured  the 
country  for  the  desperadoes,  and  when  taken 
gave  them  a  summary  trial  at  which  he  sat  as 
judge,  empaneled  a  jury  and  executed  punish 
ment.  He  died  near  Staunton,  Va. ,  about  1785. 


1173] 


LYNCH,  Charles,  governor  of  Mississippi,  was 
born  in  Virginia  ;  son  of  Col.  Charles  Lynch  (q.v.). 
He  removed  to  Monticello,  Lawrence  county, 
Miss.,  where  he  established  a  successful  mercan 
tile  business.  He  was  elected  governor  of  Missis 
sippi  in  1836,  being  the  eighth  governor  chosen 
by  the  people  and  the  second  under  the  constitu 
tion  of  1832,  and  he  served,  1836-38.  He  died  in 
Monticello,  Miss.,  Feb.  0,  1853. 

LYNCH,  James  Daniel,  author,  was  born  near 
Old  Lombardy  Grove,  Mecklenburg  county,  Va., 
Jan.  6,  1836  ;  son  of  James  Daniel  and  Frances 
Gregory  (Baird)  Lynch,  and  grandson  of  Charles 
William  and  Frances  (Gregory)  Baird.  His 
father  was  a  member  of  the  family  which  founded 
the  city  of  Lynchburg,  and  his  mother  a  descend 
ant  of  the  famous  Dr.  John  Gregory  of  Scotland, 
and  of  the  Claibornes  of  Virginia.  Having  lost 
his  father  in  his  infancy  he  was  adopted  and 
reared  by  his  maternal  grandfather.  He  was 
matriculated  at  the  University  of  North  Carolina, 
with  the  class  of  1850,  but  withdrew  at  the  close 
of  his  junior  year  on  account  of  ill  health,  and  re 
turned  to  his  grandfather's  home  in  Virginia.  He 
was  assistant  teacher  in  the  Franklin  academy, 
Columbus,  Miss.,  in  i860.  He  was  married  in  Feb 
ruary,  1861,  to  Hettie  Martin  Cochranof  Lowndes 
county.  Soon  afterward  he  joined  the  Confeder 
ate  army,  and  served  as  a  private  until  after  the 
Shiloh  campaign,  when  he  was  forced  to  retire  on 
account  of  ill  health.  Later  lie  organized  a  com 
pany  of  cavalry,  and  served  under  Genual 
Wheeler,  being  seriously  wounded  at  Lafayette, 
Ga.,  and  was  subsequently  taken  prisoner  while 
making  a  cavalry  charge  near  Rome,  Ga.,  but  es 
caped  at  Resaca  while  en  route  to  Johnson's 
Island.  He  was  afterward  transferred  to  the 
Nitre  and  Mining  bureau  at  Selma,  Ala.,  of  which 
he  was  in  charge  at  Gainesville  at  the  close  of  1  lie 
war.  After  the  war  he  practised  law  at  West 
Point,  Miss.,  until  obliged  to  retire  from  the  bar 
on  account  of  defective  hearing.  He  then  de 
voted  himself  to  literary  work.  He  is  the  author 
of  numerous  poems,  including  Robert  E.  Lee,  or 
the  Heroes  of  the  South  (187(5)  ;  The  Ku-Klitx  Tri 
bunal  (1878)  ;  The  Clock  of  Destiny  (1878)  ;  The 
Siege  of  the  Alamo  (1884)  ;  The  North  Carolina 
University  Centennial  Ode  (1805)  ;  and  Columbia 
Saint/in/  the  Nations,  the  last  named  being 
adopted  by  the  World's  Columbian  Commission, 
in  1803,  as  the  welcome  of  the  United  States  to 
the  nations  of  the  world.  TheSieye  of  the  Alamo 
was  printed  on  parchment,  framed,  and  hung  on 
the  walls  of  the  fortress  by  order  of  the  governor 
of  Tetfas.  His  prose  works  include:  Keniper 
County  Vindicated,  or  a  Peep  at  h'ccoiistriietion 
in  Mississippi  (1878)  ;  Beneh  and  Ihtr  of  Missis 
sippi  (1880)  ;  Hei/eli  and  Bar  of  Te.ras  (1885)  ;  A 
History  of  the  Five  Civilized  Nations  (1001). 


LYNCH 


LYNCH,  John  Roy,  representative,  was  born 
in  Concord ia  Parish,  La..  Sept.  10.  1847  ;  son  of 
Patrick  and  Catherine  Lynch.  He  \vas  a  mulatto, 
and  after  his  father's  death  lie  was  carried  with 
his  mother  to  Natchez.  Miss.,  where  they  were 
held  as  slaves.  After  emancipation  he  engaged 
in  photography  and  obtained  a  fair  education  by 
attending  evening  school.  In  1869  he  was  ap 
pointed  justice  of  the  peace  by  General  Ames, 
military  governor  of  Mississippi.  He  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  the  state  legislature.  1869-73,  and 
speaker  of  the  house.  1872-73;  was  a  represen 
tative  from  the  sixth  district  of  Mississippi  in 
the  43d  and  44th  congresses,  1878-77  ;  claimed  to 
have  been  counted  out  by  the  Democrats  in  1876 
for  the  45th  congress.  General  Chalmers  being 
seated,  and  in  1880  lie  defeated  Chalmers  and 
served  in  the  47th  congress,  1881-83.  He  was  a 
delegate  to  the  Republican  national  conventions 
at  Philadelphia.  June  5,  1872.  Chicago.  June 
3.  1884.  and  June  19,  1888,  and  Minneapolis, 
June  7.  1892.  He  was  elected  temporary  chair 
man  of  the  Chicago  convention  of  1884  ;  made  a 
speech  seconding  the  nomination  of  Chester  A. 
Arthur  for  President,  and  was  a  member  of  the 
committee  appointed  to  notify  James  G.  Blaine 
of  his  nomination.  In  1884  Mr.  Lynch  retired  to 
his  plantation  in  Adams  count}'.  Miss.  He  was 
chairman  of  Republican  state  executive  com 
mittee,  1881-89  ;  and  was  appointed  by  President 
Harrison  fourth  auditor  of  the  U.S.  treasury,  to 
succeed  C.  M.  Shelly  of  Alabama.  He  was  mar 
ried  Dec.  18,  1884,  to  Ella  W..  daughter  of  James 
A.  and  Mary  E.  Somerville,  of  Mobile,  Ala.  In 
the  war  with  Spain  in  1898.  lie  was  appointed  by 
President  McKinley  a  paymaster  in  the  U.S. 
volunteer  service. 

LYNCH,  Patrick  Neeson,  R.C.  bishop,  was 
boru  in  Clones,  Ireland,  March  10.  1817.  His 
parents  immigrated  to  the  United  States  in  1819 
and  settled  at  Cheraw,  S.C.  Patrick  attended 
Bishop  England's  Seminary  of  St.  John  the  Bap 
tist  at  Charleston,  S.C.,  and  in  1834  was  sent  by 
Bishop  England  to  the  Propaganda  college,  Rome. 
He  was  ordained  priest,  April  5.  1840.  by  the 
Cardinal  Prefect,  and  returned  to  Charleston, 
where  he  was  assistant  at  the  cathedral,  1*40-44  ; 
pastor  of  St.  Mary's,  Charleston,  1844-55,  serving 
also  as  vicar-general  of  the  diocese.  In  1855  he 
became  administrator  to  Bishop  Reynolds,  de 
ceased,  and  governed  the  see  until  1858,  when  he 
was  elected  his  successor  and  was  consecrated 
bishop  of  Charleston,  March  14,  1858,  by  Arch 
bishop  F.  P.  Kenrick,  assisted  by  Bishops  Portier 
and  Barry.  He  took  personal  charge  of  a  yellow- 
fever  hospital  during  the  epidemic  of  1848.  and 
his  own  life  was  saved  by  the  nursing  of  faithful 
sisters.  Bishop  Lynch  was  a  firm  supporter  of 
the  South  in  the  civil  war.  In  1861  a  fire  broke 


out  in  Charleston,  destroying  the  cathedral  and 
the  bishop's  house,  and  during  the  subsequent 
siege  his  people  were  greatly  scattered.  He  was 
sent  by  the  Confederate  authorities  on  a  special 
mission  to  France,  intended  to  counteract  the 
effect  of  Bishop 
Hughes's  mission  in 
behalf  of  the  North. 
At  the  close  of  the 
war  the  rebuilding  of 
such  churches  and 
institutions  as  were 
absolutely  necessary 
cost  $150.000.  and  in 
addition  he  owed  the 
sum  of  $100.000  to 
poor  people  who  had 
intrusted  him  with 
their  money.  The 
latter  part  of  his  life 
was  spent  in  col 
lecting  this  money, 

which  was  all  paid  except  $17.000  at  the  time  of 
his  death.  He  edited  Deharbe's  "  Series  of  Cate 
chisms,''  and  is  the  author  of  an  account  of  the 
Vatican  council  and  71  ic  Blood  of  St.  JirinuiriHs, 
published  in  the  Catliolic  World  and  in  hook 
form.  He  died  in  Charleston,  S.C..  Feb. 26,  1882. 
LYNCH,  Thomas,  delegate,  was  born  on  the 
North  Santee  river,  S.C.,  about  1720  ;  son  of 
Thomas  Lynch,  a  pioneer  cultivator  of  rice  on 
the  alluvial  bottoms  on  tide  water  of  South  Car 
olina  ;  and  of  Austrian  descent.  He  was  edu 
cated  in  Europe,  where  he 
was  a  resident  for  several 
years.  He  was  a  wealthy 
planter  011  the  North  Santee 
river,  in  South  Carolina,  and 
a  patriot  in  the  Revolutionary 
struggle  as  early  as  1765,  when 
he  was  a  delegate  to  the  colo 
nial  congress  and  took  an  active  part  in  the  debate 
against  the  usurpation  of  parliament.  He  was  a 
delegate  from  South  Carolina  to  the  Continental 
congress,  1774-76.  He  resigned  his  seat  in  con 
gress  in  the  spring  of  the  latter  year  and  returned 
to  his  home  in  South  Carolina,  where  he  died 
shortly  after  his  arrival  in  1776. 

LYNCH,  Thomas,  signer,  was  born  in  the 
parish  of  Prince  George,  on  the  North  Santee 
river,  S.C.,  Aug.  5,  1749  ;  son  of  Thomas  Lynch, 
delegate.  He  was  educated  in  England,  studying 
at  Eton  and  taking  his  degree  at  Cambridge  uni 
versity,  and  pursued  a  course  of  law  in  the  Tem 
ple,  returning  to  America  in  1772.  He  was  mar 
ried  to  a  Miss  Shubrick.  On  the  outbreak  of  the 
Revolution  he  was  commissioned  captain  in  the 
1st  South  Carolina  provincials.  Col.  Christopher 
Gadsden.  serving,  1775-76,  and  on  the  death  of  his 
[174] 


LYNCH 


LYNDE 


father  in  1776,  he  was  elected  hy  the  Provincial  as 
sembly  a  delegate  to  the  Continental  congress  as 
his  successor  and  he  arrived  in  Philadelphia  in 
time  to  become  one  of  the  signers  of  the  Declara 
tion  of  Independence.  His  health,  which  had 
been  broken  by  his  services  in  the  army,  failed 
soon  after,  and  he  returned  to  his  plantation  in 
South  Carolina  in  1777.  By  advice  of  his  physi 
cian  he  undertook  the  sea  voyage  to  the  Island  of 
St.  Eustatius,  W.I.,  in  1779,  intending  to  take 
passage  from  there  for  the  south  of  France.  The 
vessel  in  which  he  sailed  from  Charleston  was 
never  heard  from  after  being  sighted  when  four 
days  out  of  port  in  1779. 

LYNCH,  Thomas,  representative,  was  born  in 
Milwaukee  county.  Wis.,  Nov.  21,  1844  ;  son  of 
Patrick  and  Mary  Lynch,  and  grandson  of  John 
Lynch.  He  was  brought  up  on  a  farm,  and 
acquired  his  education  chiefly  in  the  local  schools. 
In  18(3:5  he  removed  to  Chilton.  Calumet  county, 
Wis.,  where  he  taught  school  until  1871.  He 
was  a  representative  in  the  Wisconsin  legislature, 
187!}  and  1883  ;  was  graduated  from  the  Wiscon 
sin  university,  LL.B.,  1875  ;  was  district  attorney 
of  Calumet  county,  1878-82,  and  in  the  latter 
year  removed  to  Antigo,  Langlade  count}7.  He 
was  mayor  of  Antigo,  188.1  and  1888,  and  a  Dem 
ocratic  representative  from  the  ninth  Wisconsin 
district  in  the  52d  and  53d  congresses.  1891-95. 
He  died  at  Pelican  Lake,  AVis.,  May  4.  1898. 

LYNCH,  William  Francis,  naval  officer,  was 
born  in  Norfolk.  Va..  April.  1801.  He  entered 
the  U.S.  navy  as  midshipman  in  1819,  and  was 
promoted  lieutenant  in  1828.  He  proposed  the 
expedition  to  explore  the  river  Jordan  and  the 
Dead  Sea  in  1847.  and  receiving  from  the  govern 
ment  a  favorable  reply  to  his  proposition, 
he  sailed  on  the  U.S.  store-ship  Supply  to 
Smyrna,  made  an  overland  journey  to  Constan 
tinople,  and  after  obtaining  the  necessary  author 
ity  and  protection  from  the  Turkish  government, 
he  landed  at  the  Bay  of  Acre,  in  March,  1848, 
and  in  metallic  life-boats  navigated  and  explored 
the  Jordan  from  Lake  Tiberius  to  the  Dead  Sea. 
On  his  return  to  the  United  States  he  planned  an 
expedition  to  explore  Western  Africa,  which  the 
government  failed  to  sanction.  He  was  pro 
moted  commander  in  1849,  and  captain  in  185(5. 
In  1861  he  resigned  his  commission  in  the  U.S. 
navy  and  enlisted  in  the  Confederate  navy.  He 
was  commissioned  flag  officer,  and  assigned  to 
the  command  of  the  coast  defence  of  North  Caro 
lina  ;  captured  the  Federal  supply  ship  Fanny  ; 
commanded  the  mosquito  fleet,  composed  of  the 
Confederate  vessels  Appomattox,  Sealrird,  Ellis, 
Tllack  Warrior,  Curlew  and  Fanny,  in  the  de 
fence  of  Roanoke  Island  ;  unsuccessfully  re 
sisted  the  attack  of  Flag-Officer  Louis  M.  Golds- 
borough  ;  fired  one  of  his  own  steamers,  the 


Curlew,  to  prevent  her  capture  ;  blew  jip  Fort 
Forrest,  and  retreated  up  the  Pasquotank  river, 
where  he  concentrated  his  vessels  behind  a  four- 
gun  land  battery,  below  Elizabeth  City,  On 
Feb.  10,  1862.  he  engaged  the  Union  fleet,  under 
Commander  Rowan,  with  a  loss  of  five  of  the  six 
vessels  comprising  his  fleet,  and  he  escaped  to 
Norfolk  in  the  Beaiifort.  He  subsequently  com 
manded  the  defences  of  Smithville.  N.C.,  during 
the  attack  on  Fort  Fisher,  December,  1864-Janu- 
ary,  1865,  and  after  the  surrender  lie  dismantled 
the  defences  and  returned  with  his  marines  to 
Wilmington,  N.C.  He  is  the  author  of  :  Narrative 
of  tlie  United  States  Expedition  iip  the  River  Jor 
dan  and  the  Dead  Sea  (1849);  Naval  Life,  or  Ob 
servations  Afloat  and  Ashore  (1851).  He  died  in 
Baltimore,  Md.,  Oct.  17,  1865. 

LYNDE,  Benjamin,  jurist,  was  born  in  Salem, 
Mass.,  Sept.  22.  1666  ;  son  of  Simon  and  Hannah 
(Newgate)  Lynde,  and  grandson  of  Enoch  and 
Elizabeth  (Digbie)  Lynde,  of  London,  England, 
and  of  John  Newgate,  of  Boston,  Mass.  He  was 
graduated  from  Harvard,  A.B.,  1686,  A.M.,  1689, 
and  studied  law  in  the  Middle  Temple,  England, 
1692-97.  He  returned  to  America  in  1697  with  a 
commission  as  advocate-general  of  the  court  of 
admiralty  of  Massachusetts,  Connecticut  and 
Rhode  Island.  He  removed  from  Boston  to 
Salem,  Mass.,  in  1698,  and  engaged  in  practice, 
although  he  did  not  take  the  oath  of  office  till 
1701.  He  was  representative  from  Salem  in  the 
general  court  of  Massachusetts  in  1703,  1706, 
1711  and  1712.  and  a  member  of  the  council, 
1713-37.  He  was  judge  of  the  superior  court  of 
Massachusetts  in  1712-28,  and  upon  Judge  Sewall's 
resignation  in  1728,  became  chief  justice,  which 
office  he  held  until  his  death.  He  was  married 
April  27,  1699.  to  Mary,  daughter  of  Judge 
William  and  Hannah  (Curwin)  Browne,  of 
Salem.  He  died  at  Salem,  Mass.,  Jan.  28,  1745. 

LYNDE,  Benjamin,  jurist,  was  born  in  Salem, 
Mass.,  Oct.  5.  1700,  son  of  Judge  Ben jamin  and 
Mary  (Browne)  Lynde,  and  grandson  of  Judge 
William  and  Hannah  (Curwin)  Browne.  He 
graduated  at  Harvard  in  1718,  and  studied 
law  with  his  uncle,  Samuel  Browne.  He  was 
naval  officer  for  the  port  of  Salem,  1721-29  ;  a 
special  judge  of  the  court  of  common  pleas  for 
Suffolk  county,  1734  ;  agent  of  the  province  to 
settle  the  boundary  between  Massachusetts  and 
New  Hampshire,  1737  ;  judge  of  the  court  of 
common  pleas  for  Essex  county,  1737-46  ;  judge 
of  the  supreme  court  of  Massachusetts,  1746-71, 
and  chief  justice,  1771-72.  During  his  judicial 
term,  in  the  absence  of  Chief-Justice  Hutchin- 
son,  he  tried  the  soldiers  who  fired  on  the  mob 
in  State  street,  and  was  accused  of  packing  the 
jury.  He  resigned  in  1772.  and  was  appointed 
judge  of  the  probate  for  the  county  of  Essex. 
r5] 


LYNDE 


LYON 


He  was.an  active  member  of  the  society  formed 
for  the  employment  of  poor  people  in  the  manu 
facture  of  linen  in  1754  ;  a  signer  of  one  of  the 
Salem  addresses  to  Gen.  Thomas  Gage  in  1774  ; 
and  councillor  for  Massachusetts  for  twenty- 
eight  years.  He  was  married  Nov.  1,  1781,  to 
Mary,  daughter  of  Maj.  John  Bowles-,  of  Rox- 
bury,  Mass.  He  died  in  Salem,  Mass.,  Oct.  3, 1781. 

LYNDE,  Francis,  author,  was  born  in  Lewis- 
ton,  N.Y.,  Nov.  12,  1856;  son  of  William  Tilly 
and  Elizabeth  (Need)  Lynde  ;  grandson  of  Haw 
kins  and  Maria  (Carruthers)  Lynde  and  of 
Thomas  and  Julia  (Sanderson)  Need  ;  and  a  de 
scendant  of  Thomas  Lynde,  who  came  from  Eng 
land  in  1634  and  settled  in  Charlestown,  Massa 
chusetts  Bay  colon}-.  He  attended  the  grammar 
school  of  Kansas  City  ;  pursued  home  study  in  New 
England,  and  studied  under  private  and  aca 
demic  teachers.  He  was  married  in  1873  to  Mari 
etta  Williams,  and  in  1888  to  Mary  Antoinette 
Stickle.  He  was  in  the  railway  service  in  the 
motive  power,  accounting  and  passenger  depart 
ments,  1872-93.  He  retired  from  the  railway 
service  in  1893  and  devoted  his  time  to  writing 
stories.  He  is  the  author  of  :  A  Romance  in  Transit 
(1897);  The  Helpers  (1899);  A  Private  Chivalry 
(1900),  and  numerous  contributions  to  periodi 
cals. 

LYNDE,  William  Pitt,  representative,  was 
born  in  Sherburne,  N.Y.,  Dec.  10.  1817;  son  of 
Tilly  and  Elizabeth  (Warner)  Lynde,  both  natives 
of  Massachusetts,  who  settled  in  Sherburne  in 
1800.  Tilly  Lynde  was  a  member  of  the  assembly 
seven  years  and  a  state  senator  six  years.  Will 
iam  P.  Lynde  was  a  student  at  Hamilton  college, 
1S34-3G,  and  was  graduated  from  Yale,  valedic 
torian.  A.B.,  1838;  A.M.,  1841.  Heattended  the  law 
department  of  the  University  of  the  City  of  New 
York,  1838-39,  and  Harvard  Law  school,  1839- 
41  ;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  New  York  city  in 
1841,  and  practised  in  Milwaukee,  Wisconsin  Ter 
ritory.  He  was  married  in  1841  to  Mary  E., 
daughter  of  Dr.  Azariah  Blanchanl  of  Truxton, 
N.Y.  He  was  attorney -general  of  Wisconsin 
Territory,  1844-45;  U.S.  district  attorney  for  the 
district  of  Wisconsin,  1845-47,  and  upon  the 
admission  of  the  state  into  the  Union  in  1847,  he 
was  its  Democratic  representative  in  the  30th 
congress,  1847-49.  He  was  an  unsuccessful  can 
didate  for  the  supreme  court  bench  in  1840  ; 
may@r  of  Milwaukee.  1860-62;  state  representa 
tive.  1806-68;  state  senator,  18(58-09,  and  a  repre 
sentative  in  the  44th  and  45th  congresses.  1875-79. 
He  died  in  Milwaukee,  Wis.,  Dec.  IS,  1885. 

LYNDON,  Josias,  governor  of  Rhode  Island, 
was  born  in  Newport,  R.I..  March  10,  1704  ;  of  a 
wealthy  and  influential  family.  He  was  clerk 
of  the  lower  house  of  the  general  assembly, 
and  of  the  superior  court  of  the  county  of  New- 
Li 


port,  1730-78.  with  the  exception  of  the  one  year 
he  was  governor  of  the  colon}',  1768-69.  His  elec 
tion  as  governor  was  brought  about  by  the  respec 
tive  friends  of  Samuel  Wood  and  Stephen  Hop 
kins,  who  both  withdrew  from  the  canvass  in  his 
favor.  Governor  Lyndon's  administration  was 
crowded  with  the  exciting  events  that  preceded 
the  Revolution.  He  was  a  firm  patriot,  and 
wrote  several  letters  as  from  the  "Governor  of 
Rhode  Island ''  to  the  King  and  to  the  Earl  of 
Hillsborough  reciting  the  grievances  of  the 
colony  chartered  by  Charles  II.,  and  protesting 
against  taxation  without  representation,  as  re 
corded  in  Bartlett's  "  Records  of  the  Colony  of 
Rhode  Island."  When  the  British  took  posses 
sion  of  Newport,  Lyndon,  feeling  that  one  who 
had  been  so  conspicuous  as  a  rebel  would  be  un 
safe  in  the  town,  removed  to  Warren,  R.I.,  where 
he  died  March  30,  1778. 

LYON,  Asa,  representative,  was  born  in  Pom- 
fret,  Conn..  Dec.  31,  1703.  He  was  graduated 
from  Dartmouth  college  in  1790  ;  and  studied 
theology  with  the  Rev.  Charles  Backus.  He  was 
pastor  of  the  Congregational  church  at  Sunder- 
land,  Mass.,  1792-93  ;  organized  and  was  first  min 
ister  of  the  Congregational  church  at  Grand  Isle, 
Vt.,  serving  for  over  forty  years,  though  he  was 
never  installed  as  pastor.  lie  secured  a  tract  of 
valuable  land  in  North  Hero,  Vt..  and  built  a  house 
of  cedar  logs  in  which  lie  lived  with  his  family 
most  of  his  life.  He  was  a  representative  from 
South  Hero  in  the  general  assembly,  1799-1 803, 
1804-08.  and  from  Grand  Isle,  1812-15.  ]  IP  was 
chief  justice  of  the  county  court,  1805,  1800.  1808 
and  1813,  and  a  representative  in  the  14th  congress, 
1815-17.  He  died  in  Grand  Isle,  Yt.,  April  4.  1841. 
LYON,  Caleb,  representative,  was  born  in 
Lyonsdale,  N.Y.,  Dec.  7,  1822;  son  of  Caleb  and 
Mary  (Dupont)  Lyon,  and  grandson  of  Lieut. 
Caleb  Lyon,  wounded  at  Bunker  Hill.  His  an 
cestor,  Caleb  Lyon,  was  a  Scotchman  who  immi 
grated  from  Hertfordshire,  England,  and  settled 
in  New  England.  His  father  was  the  founder  of 
Lyonsdale,  and  built  a  bridge  and  a  grist  mill 
there,  1829-31.  Caleb  was  graduated  from  Nor 
wich  university,  Vt.,  in  1839,  and  at  an  early  age 
became  known  as  a  lecturer.  He  was  appointed 
by  President  Polk  U.S.  consul  to  Shanghai, 
China.  Feb.  15,  1847,  but  soon  after  reaching  his 
post  intrusted  the  office  to  a  deputy  and  returned 
to  the  United  States  by  way  of  South  America 
and  Panama.  On  reaching  California  lie  became 
interested  in  the  organization  of  a  state  govern 
ment,  and  was  one  of  the  secretaries  of  the  state 
constitutional  convention,  and  upon  the  ques 
tion  of  selecting  a  state  seal,  the  design  offered 
by  Mr.  Lyon  was  accepted,  Sept.  2,  1849,  for 
which  he  was  paid  the  sum  of  $1000.  In  1850  he 
returned  to  Lyonsdale,  N.Y.,  and  was  elected  to 
re] 


LYOX 


LYON 


the  state  assembly,  resigning  April  26,  1851.  He 
was  chosen  a  state  senator  in  November,  1851, 
and  soon  after  the  expiration  of  his  term  of 
office,  he  visited  Europe  and  travelled  extensively 
in  Turkey,  Egypt  and  Pales 
tine.  While  at  Constantinople 
he  addressed  a  letter  to  Com. 
Duncan  A.  Ingraham  of  the 
U.S.  corvette  St.  Louis,  highly 
approving  of  the  measure 
taken  in  the  rescue  of  Martin 
Koszta  from  an  Austrian  brig. 
On  returning  to  the  United  States  he  was  elected  a 
representative  in  the  33d  congress,  serving  1858-55. 
He  was  governor  of  Idaho,  1864-66.  The  degree 
of  LL.D.  was  conferred  on  him  by  Norwich  uni 
versity  in  1851.  A  number  of  his  poems  were 
published  in  current  magazines.  His  home  in 
Lyonsdale  was  burned  in  1866  and  lie  removed  to 
"Ross  Castle,"  Staten  Island,  N.Y.,  where  he 
died  Sept.  8,  1875. 

LYON,  Chittenden,  representative,  was  born 
in  Fair  Haven,  Vt.,  in  1786;  son  of  the  Hon. 
Matthew  and  Beulah  (Chittenden)  Galusha  Lyon, 
and  grandson  of  Gov.  Thomas  and  Elizabeth 
(Meigs)  Chittenden.  In  1801  he  removed  with 
his  father  to  Eddyville,  Ky.  He  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  the  Kentucky  legislature  ;  a  state 
senator  ;  a  Jacksonian  Democratic  representative 
in  the  20th,  21st,  22d  and  23d  congresses,  1827-35, 
and  an  unsuccessful  candidate  for  presidential 
elector  on  the  Van  Buren  and  Johnson  ticket  in 
1836.  His  wife  died  Feb.  4,  1828,  leaving  five 
children,  and  their  daughter,  Margaret  A.,  became 
the  wife  of  Willis  B.  Machen(q.v.).  Lyon  county. 
Ky.,  of  which  Eddyville  is  the  capital,  was  named 
in  his  honor.  He  died  in  Caldwell  county,  Ky., 
Nov.  23,  1S42. 

LYON,  David  Gordon,  orientalist,  was  born  at 
Benton,  Ala.,  May  24,  1852;  son  of  Isaac  and 
•Sarah  Caroline  (Arnold)  Lyon.  He  was  a  student 
at  William  Jewell  college,  Mo.,  1869-72  ;  at  How 
ard  college,  Ala.,  1872-75,  receiving  his  A.B.  de 
gree  from  Howard  college  in  1875.  While  an 
undergraduate  he  had  charge  of  the  business 
interests  of  the  Alabama  Baptist,  a  religious 
weekly,  and  held  this  office  one  year  after  grad 
uation.  He  was  a  student  at  the  Southern  Bap 
tist  Theological  seminary,  1876-79.  He  then 
pursued  special  courses  in  Semitic  philology  at 
the  University  of  Leipzig,  1879  to  1882,  receiving 
the  degree  of  Ph.D.  in  the  latter  year.  In  1882 
he  accepted  the  Hollis  professorship  of  divinity 
in  Harvard  university,  and  was  also  made  curator 
of  the  newly  established  Semitic  Museum  in  1891. 
He  was  elected  a  member  of  the  American  Orien 
tal  society  in  1882  and  its  recording  secretary  in 
1886,  serving  in  this  capacity  for  nine  years.  lie 
was  corresponding  secretary  of  the  Society  of 


Biblical  Literature  and  Exegesis,  1894-99.  He 
received  the  honorary  degree  of  D.D.  from  Har 
vard  in  1901.  His  works  include  :  Keilschrifttexte 
Sargons  Kdnigs  von  Assyrien  (Leipzig,  1883)  ;  An 
Assyrian  Manual  for  the  Use  of  Beginners  in  the 
Study  of  the  Assyrian  Language  (1886  ;  new  ed., 
1892). 

LYON,  Francis  Strother,  representative,  was 
born  in  Stokes  county,  N.C.,  Feb.  25,  1800  ;  son  of 
James  and  Beluthalon  (Gaines)  Lyon  ;  grandson 
of  Jamesaiid  B  :ttie  (Strother)  Gaines  and  a  des 
cendant  of  Francis  Strother  of  Culpeper  county, 
Va.  He  removed  to  St.  Stephens,  Washington 
county,  Miss.  Ty.,  with  his  brother,  James  G.  Lyon, 
in  1818,  and  was  employed  in  the  office  of  the  clerk 
of  the  court.  He  studied  law  under  Abner  S. 
Lipscomb.  W.  H.  Crawford  and  Henry  Hitchock  : 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1821,  and  practised  at 
Demopolis,  Ala.  He  was  secretary  of  the  Alabama 
senate,  1820-30  ;  state  senator,  1833-34,  and  presi 
dent  of  the  senate  in  1834.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  the  24th  and  25th  congresses,  1835-39,  and 
in  1845  when  the  state  bank  and  its  branches 
were  placed  in  liquidation  he  was  selected  with 
William  Cooper  and  Clement  C.  Clay  as  a  com 
missioner  to  adjust  all  claims,  and  after  their  re 
port  in  1847  he  continued  as  sole  commissioner 
until  the  final  settlement  in  1853.  He  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  the  Alabama  legislature  in  1861  ; 
declined  to  serve  as  a  representative  in  the  pro 
visional  Confederate  congress,  but  was  a  member 
of  the  1st  congress  under  the  Confederate  consti 
tution,  1862-64.  He  was  re-elected  to  the  2d 
Confederate  congress  in  1864,  and  served  until 
the  close  of  the  war.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the 
state  constitutional  convention  of  1875  and  made 
the  draft  of  the  constitution  adopted  by  the  con 
vention,  and  was  a  state  senator  in  1876.  He  was 
married,  March  4, 1824,  to  Sarah  Serena,  daughter 
of  Allen  Glover  of  Marengo  county,  Ala.  He 
died  in  Demopolis,  Ala.,  Dec.  31,  1882. 

LYON,  Lucius,  senator,  was  born  in  Shelburne, 
Vt.,  Feb.  26,  1800.  In  1822  he  removed  to  Bron- 
son,  Michigan  Territory,  where  he  engaged  as 
surveyor-general  of  the  Northwest  Territory.  He 
was  territorial  delegate  to  congress,  1833-35  ;  a 
delegate  from  the  eleventh  district  to  the  state 
constitutional  convention  of  1835  ;  U.S.  senator 
from  Michigan  for  the  short  term.  1835-39  :  re 
moved  to  Grand  Rapids,  and  was  a  Democratic 
representative  from  the  5th  congressional  district 
in  the  28th  congress,  1843-45.  He  was  a  regent 
of  the  University  of  Michigan  by  appointment, 
1837-39,  and  by  re-appointment,  Feb.  27,  1839, 
for  a  term  of  four  years,  but  resigned  in  1839.  He 
died  in  Grand  Rapids,  Mich.,  Sept.  24,  1851. 

LYON,  Mary,  educator,  was  born  at  Buckland, 
Mass.,  Feb.  28.  1797;  daughter  of  Aaron  and 
Jemima  (Shepard)  Lyon  ;  granddaughter  of  Isaac 
7] 


LYON 


LYON 


and  Jemima  (Smith)  Shepard,  and  a  descendant  of 
Lieut.  Samuel  Smith  who  came  from  England  in 
the  Elizabeth,  1634.  She  taught  a  district  school 
in  1814  and  in  the  winters  of  1817  and  1818  ;  was 
a  student  at  Sanderson  academy,  Ashfield,  1817- 
21  ;  at  Joseph  Emerson's  school,  Byfiekl,  1821-22, 
and  in  1823  attended  Professor  Eaton's  lectures 
on  chemistry  at  Amherst.  She  was  assistant- 
principal  in  the  Ashfield  academy,  1822-23,  and 
assisted  Miss  Grant  in  an  academy  for  girls  at 
Deny,  N.H.,  1824-27,  also  teaching  in  the  winters 
in  Ashfield  and  a  school  of  her  own  in  Buckland. 
She  taught  in  Miss  Grant's  school  at  Ipswich, 
•Mass.,  1828-34.  In  1834  she  laid  before  a  dele 
gation  of  gentlemen  from  Ipswich  plans  for  the 
endowment  of  a  seminary  for  young  women. 
This  committee  appointed  the  Rev.  Roswell 
Hawks  to  solicit  funds.  Miss  Lyon's  views  were 
pronounced  impracticable  and  visionary  by  lead 
ing  educators,  but  notwithstanding  public  ridi 
cule  she  accompanied  Mr.  Hawks  from  town  to 
town  and  within  two  months  had  collected  from 
the  women  of  Ipswich  and  vicinity  the  sum  of 
§1000.  He  obtained  additional  aid,  and  on  Feb. 
11,  1836,  Governor  Everett,  signed  the  charter 
incorporating  Mount  Holyoke  seminary  at  South 


MT.  HOLYOKE.     COLl_E.CE 

Hartley,  Mass.  On  Oct.  3,  1830,  the  corner-stone 
was  laid,  and  on  Nov.  8,  1837,  the  seminary  was 
opened.  The  feature  of  Miss  Lyon's  plan  most 
ridiculed  was  that  every  student  should  give  an 
hour  a  day  to  domestic  labor,  thus  providing 
for  all  the  household  work  of  the  institution 
without  infringing  on  school  duties.  This  plan 
not  only  reduced  the  outlay,  but  created  a  home 
atmosphere  and  developed  a  spirit  of  self-help. 
Miss  Lyon  continued  as  principal  of  this  semi 
nary  until  her  death.  Nearly  two  hundred  pupils 
were  refused  admittance  the  first  year  and  four 
hundred  the  second  for  want  of  room,  and  in  the 
fourth  year,  although  the  capacity  of  the  build 
ing  has  been  doubled,  the  applicants  greatly  ex 
ceeded  the  increased  accommodations.  She  pub 
lished  pamphlets  on  Tendencies  of  the  Princi 
ples  E»tbraced  and  the  System  adopted  in  the 
Mount  Holyoke  Seminary  (1840).  and  the  Mission 
ary  Offering  (1843).  Edward  Hitchcock  wrote: 
"  Power  of  Christian  Benevolence  Illustrated  in 


[178] 


the  Life  and  Labors  of  Mary  Lyon  "  (1851),  and  Fi 
delia  Fiske,  "  Recollections  of  Mary  Lyon  "  (1866). 
A  sentence  from  one  of  her  last  talks  with  the 
school  forms  the  epitaph  over  the  grave,  "  There  is 
nothing  in  the  universe  that  I  fear  but  that  I  shall 
not  know  all  my  duty  or  shall  fail  to  do  it.1'  In 
the  selection  of  names  for  a  place  in  the  Hall  of 
Fame  for  Great  Americans,  New  York  university, 
made  in  October,  1900,  Mary  Lyon  was  one  of 
the  fifteen  names  in  "Class  C,  Educators,"  and 
received  twenty-one  votes,  Horace  Mann  receiv 
ing  sixt}'-seven  and  alone  securing  a  place.  She 
died  in  South  Hadley,  Mass.,  March  5,1849. 

LYON,  flatthew,  representative,  was  born  in 
county  Wicklow,  Ireland.  July  14.  1750.  He  was 
sent  to  school  in  Dublin,  and  instructed  in  Eng 
lish,  Latin  and  Greek.  His  father  engaged  with 
the  "  White  Boys  "  in  a  conspiracy  against  the 
British  crown  for 
which  he  was  put  to 
death  while  Matthew 
was  at  school.  In 
1763  the  property  of 
his  father  having 
been  confiscated, Mat 
thew  entered  a  print 
ing  and  bookbinding 
office  in  Dublin, 
where  he  learned  the 
trade.  His  mother 
married  a  second 
time  and  the  cruelty 
of  his  stepfather  is 
said  to  have  induced 
him  to  immigrate  , 

to  New  York  in  1765,  where  he  was  landed 
as  a  redemptionist,  forced  to  that  extremity  by 
the  bad  faith  of  the  captain  of  the  vessel.  He 
was  bound  to  Jabez  Bacon  of  Wood  bury,  Conn., 
the  wealthiest  merchant  in  Connecticut,  and  he 
resided  in  that  state  until  1774.  Here  he  contin 
ued  the  studies  so  well  begun  in  Dublin  and  be 
fore  reaching  his  majority  had  acquired  a  supe 
rior  education.  He  became  a  freeman  in  1768 
and  was  married  in  1771  to  Miss  Hosford,  a  niece 
of  Ethan  Allen.  With  Thomas  Chittenden  and 
other  pioneers  he  removed  to  Vermont,  known 
then  as  the  New  Hampshire  Grants,  in  1774.  and 
settled  in  Wallingford  while  Chittenden  went 
to  Williston.  Immediately  on  reaching  Vermont 
he  called  together  the  younger  men  of  the  neigh 
borhood  and  they  formed  an  armed  association, 
hired  an  old  man  to  teach  them  discipline,  each 
took  command  of  the  company  in  turn  and  when 
the  news  of  the  battle  at  Lexington  reached  the 
settlement  Lyon  took  part  of  the  command  and 
joined  Ethan  Allen  in  the  capture  of  Fort  Ticon- 
deroga  with  its  immense  military  stores.  He 
served  as  adjutant  of  Colonel  Warner's  regiment 


LYON 


LYON 


under  General  Montgomery  in  Canada  in  the  fall 
of  177.").  Warner  was  commissioned  lieutenant- 
colonel  in  command  of  the  Green  Mountain  Boys 
in  July,  1776,  and  Lyou  a  second  lieutenant  in 
the  regiment.  .  He  was  cashiered  by  General 
(rates,  Oct.  16,  1776,  because  his  company,  ordered 
to  remain  at  Jericho,  deserted  their  post  and  forced 
the  officers,  two  captains  and  one  lieutenant  be 
sides  Lyon,  to  accompany  them.  General  St. 
Clair  who  presided  at  the  court-martial  recom 
mended  Lyon  to  General  Schuyler  and  obtained 
for  him  a  commission  as  paymaster  with  the  rank 
of  captain  in  the  Continental  regiment  com 
manded  by  Seth  Warner.  He  led  a  detachment 
in  the  fight  at  Hubbardton,  July  7.  1777.  and 
acted  as  guide  to  General  St.  Clair  in  his  masterly 
march  to  join  General  Schuyler  at  Fort  Edward, 
July  12,  1777.  He  served  in  the  battles  of  Ben- 
ningtoii  and  Saratoga  and  resigned  from  the 
army  in  the  spring  of  1778.  He  served  the  state  as 
a  member  of  the  council  of  safety,  captain  in  the 
militia,  paymaster-general,  deputy  secretary  to 
Governor  Chittenden  and  his  council,  assistant 
to  the  treasurer,  and  colonel  of  militia.  He  rep 
resented  Arlington  (to  which  place  he  had  re 
moved  from  Wallingford  in  1777  and  where  his 
wife  died  in  1782).  in  the  state  legislature,  1779- 
83,  and  Fair  Haven  for  ten  years  between  1783 
and  1707.  He  was  the  founder  of  Fairhaven  in 
1783,  where  he  built  saw  and  grist  mills,  estab 
lished  an  iron  foundry,  manufactured  paper 
from  basswood  pulp,  established  a  printing 
office  in  1793  and  published  TJie  Farmer's  Library, 
a  newspaper  which  became  the  Fairhaven  Gazette, 
and  in  1793,  while  a  candidate  for  representative 
in  congress,  commenced  the  publication  of  The 
Scourge  of  Aristocracy,  a  semi-monthly  magazine. 
In  October,  1798,  he  was  indicted  for  writing  a 
letter  criticising  the  President  for  his  part  in  pro 
curing  the  passage  of  the  alien  and  sedition  acts, 
which  letter  was  printed  in  the  Windsor,  Vt., 
Journal.  He  was  imprisoned  in  Vergennes,  Vt., 
for  four  months  and  paid  a  fine  of  $1001)  and  while 
in  prison  his  constituents  re-elected  him  to  con 
gress.  He  was  married  secondly  in  1783  to  Beu- 
lah,  daughter  of  Gov.  Thomas  Chittenden  and 
widow  of  George  Galusha,  and  of  their  nine  chil 
dren,  four  were  sons  ;  Chittenden,  Matthew, 
Noah  C.,  and  Giles.  He  was  the  unsuccessful 
anti-Federalist  candidate  for  representative  in 
the  2d,  3d,  4th  and  5th  congresses,  1791-99,  and 
was  elected  by  his  party  in  1798  and  1800,  serving 
in  the  6th  and  7th  congresses,  1799-1  SOI.  His  first 
speech  in  congress  was  in  support  of  his  motion 
i:  that  such  members  as  do  not  choose  to  attend 
upon  the  President,  to  present  the  answer  to  his 
speech  shall  be  excused."  His  words  served  to 
excite  the  Federalists  and  strengthen  the  deter 
mination  of  the  Auti-FederaJists  who  were  op 


posed  to  aristocratic  usage.  On  Jan.  30.  1798,  an 
altercation  on  the  floor  of  the  house  led  to  the 
following  resolution  offered  by  Representative 
Samuel  Sewall  of  Massachusetts:  "Resolved, 
that  Matthew  Lyon,  a  member  of  the  House,  for 
a  violent  attack,  and  gross  indecency  committed 
upon  the  person  of  Roger  Griswold,  another 
member,  in  the  presence  of  this  House,  whilst 
sitting,  be,  for  this  disorderly  behavior,  expelled 
therefrom."  The  matter  was  caricatured  and 
made  ridiculous  by  the  public  press,  but  caused  a 
clash  of  factions  and  the  leaders  on  both  sides 
have  left  record  of  their  views  in  their  published 
papers.  He  was  not  expelled  as  forty-four  repre 
sentatives  voted  against  the  resolution.  When 
he  cast  the  vote  of  Vermont  in  the  6th  congress 
which  elected  Jefferson  to  the  Presidency  in  1801 
he  considered  himself  avenged.  He  removed 
from  Vermont  to  Kentucky  the  same  year,  largely 
through  the  advice  of  Andrew  Jackson,  and  he 
there  founded  the  town  of  Eddy  ville.  He  declined 
the  position  of  commissary -general  of  the  western 
army  offered  him  by  President  Jefferson  ;  was  a 
representative  in  the  Kentucky  legislature  from 
Livingston  count}-,  1802.  and  a  representative  in 
the  8th,  9th,  10th  and  llth  congresses,  1803-11. 
He  made  a  notable  speech  in  reply  to  John  Ran 
dolph  of  Roanoke,  who  had  attacked  Gideon 
Granger,  postmaster-general,  which  is  given  in 
the  annals  of  the  8th  congress.  He  warned  Jack 
son  against  the  secret  operations  of  Burr  and 
Wilkinson  in  the  southwest.  He  opposed  the 
second  war  with  England  and  this  cost  him  his 
seat  in  the  12th  congress,  but  he  engaged  in 
building  gunboats  for  the  navy  at  his  ship-yards 
in  Eddyville.  He  became  bankrupt  about  this 
time  through  the  embargo  act,  and  the  loss  of  a 
valuable  vessel,  and  in  1818  applied  to  his  polit 
ical  friends  in  Washington  for  office.  He  was 
appointed  U.S.  factor  to  the  Cherokee  nation  in 
Arkansas  Territory  by  President  Monroe  in  1820, 
and  settled  at  Spadra  Bluff.  He  was  elected  the 
second  delegate  to  congress  from  Arkansas,  but 
did  not  live  to  take  his  seat.  See  "  Matthew  Lyon, 
the  Hampden  of  Congress,  a  Biography,"  by  J. 
Fairfax  McLaughlin,  LL.D.  (1900).  He  died  at 
Spadra  Bluff,  Ark..  Aug.  1,  1822. 

LYON,  Nathaniel,  soldier,  was  born  in  Ash- 
ford,  Conn.,  July  14,  1818  ;  son  of  Amasa  and 
Kezia  (Knowlton)  Lyon,  and  grandson  of  Ephraim 
Lyon,  a  farmer  and  lawyer  of  Ashford,  and  of 
Lieut.  Daniel  Knowlton,  an  officer  in  the  French 
and  Indian  and  Revolutionary  wars.  Nathaniel 
was  graduated  from  the  U.S.  Military  academy 
in  1841  and  was  3d  lieutenant  of  the  2d  in 
fantry.  He  served  in  the  Seminole  war,  1841-42  ; 
Avas  in  garrison  at  Sacket  Harbor,  N.Y.,  1842-46, 
and  at  Fort  Columbus.  N.Y.,  in  1846.  He  was 
promoted  first  lieutenant,  Feb.  16,  1847,  and  took 


[170] 


LYONS 


LYONS 


t/, 


part  in  the  siege  of  Yera  Cruz,  March  9,  1847, 
the  battle  of  Cerro  Gordo,  wliere  his  company 
alone  reached  the  crest  of  the  hill  in  time  to 
hasten  the  enemy's  retreat  ;  at  Oka  Lake,  Au 
gust  16,  at  Coiitreras,  August  19,  and  at 

Churubusco,  Aug.  20, 
1847.  He  was  bre- 
vetted  captain,  Aug 
ust  20,  for  Contreras 
and  Churubusco.  He 
also  engaged  at  Mo- 
lino  del  Key,  Septem 
ber  8,  and  in  the 
assault  and  capture 
of  the  City  of  Mex 
ico,  Sept.  13-14,  1847, 
where  he  was  wound 
ed  while  fighting  in 
the  streets  near  the 
Belen  Gate.  He  was 
in  garrison  at  Fort 
Hamilton,  N.Y.,  in 
1848  ;  on  frontier  duty,  and  on  quartermaster  duty 
at  San  Diego,  1850-51  ;  was  promoted  cap 
tain,  June  11,  1851,  and  was  in  Kansas.  Da 
kota,  Minnesota  and  Nebraska,  1853-61.  He 
was  commissioned  brigadier-general  of  U.S. 
volunteers,  May  17,  1861,  and  succeeded  Major 
Hagner  in  the  command  of  the  St.  Louis 
arsenal.  On  May  6.  1861,  the  demand  was  made 
by  the  governor  of  Missouri  that  the  troops  should 
be  removed  from  all  stations  outside  the  U.S. 
arsenal  which  contained  60,000  stand  of  arms,  but 
the  demand  was  refused  by  Captain  Lyon  and  the 
governor  organized  Camp  Jackson  as  a  rendez 
vous  for  state  troops.  On  May  10,  1861,  Captain 
Lyon  with  about  5000  troops  surrounded  this 
camp  and  caused  its  surrender.  Later  in  the 
day  an  encounter  between  the  U.S.  soldiers  and 
the  citizens  resulted  in  the  death  of  several  un 
armed  citizens  and  the  incident  caused  great 
excitement  in  St.  Louis.  On  May  11,  General 
Harney  arrived  at  St.  Louis  and  assumed  com 
mand,  but  was  recalled  May  21,  1861,  and  Lyon 
led  in  the  pursuit  of  Jackson's  state  troops  and 
overtook  and  scattered  them  at  Booneville,  June 
13,  1861.  He  left  Booneville  July  3  for  Spring 
field,  Mo.,  arriving  there  July  15.  Then  followed 
the  action  at  Dug  Spring  August  2,  and  on  A  ugust  7 
he  led  the  attack  on  the  state  forces  at  Wilson's 
Creek,  where  lie  was  mortally  wounded  while 
leading  a  charge.  He  bequeathed  his  entire 
property,  nearly  $30,000,  to  the  U.S.  government. 
He  is  the  author  of  :  Political  Writings  (published 
posthumously,  1862).  He  died  near  Wilson's 
Creek,  Mo.,  Aug.  10.  1861. 

LYONS,  Albert  Brown,  chemist,  was  born  in 
Waimea,  Hawaii,  April,  1,  1841  ;  son  of  the  Rev. 
Lorenzo  and  Lucia  Garratt  (Smith)  Lyons  and  a 


descendant  of  William  Lyon.  of  Middlesex  county, 
England,  who  came  to  Roxbury,  Mass.,  in  1635. 
His  parents  were  missionaries  on  a  station  remote 
from  any  town  and  he  received  his  primary 
education  at  home.  He  attended  Oahu  college, 
1857-63,  and  was  graduated  at  Williams  college, 
Massachusetts,  A.B.,  1865,  A.M.,  1868;  Univer- 
sity  of  Michigan,  M.D.,  1868.  He  was  professor 
of  chemistry,  Detroit  Medical  college,  1868-80; 
consulting  chemist  for  Parke,  Davis  &  Co.,  De 
troit,  1881-86 ;  and  edited  the  Pharmaceutical  Era, 
1887.  He  returned  in  1888  to  the  Hawaiian 
Islands  wliere  he  was  employed  by  the  govern 
ment  as  expert  chemist  and  by  the  trustees  of 
Oahu  college  as  professor  of  chemistry.  In  1897 
he  returned  to  the  United  States  to  accept  the 
position  of  consulting  chemist  and  secretary  of 
the  firm  of  Nelson,  Baker  &  Co.,  Detroit,  manu 
facturing  pharmacists.  He  was  made  a  member 
of  the  committee  of  revision  of  U.S.  Pharmaccepia 
in  1900.  He  is  the  author  of:  Manual  of  Phar 
maceutical  Assaying  (1887);  Practical  Assaying 
of  Drugs  and  Galenicals  (1899);  Plant  Names, 
Scientific  and  Popular  (1900). 

LYONS,  Judson  Whitlock,  treasury  official, 
was  born  in  Burke  county,  Ga.,  Aug.  15,  1858  ;  son 
of  slave  parents.  He  attended  a  night  school  in 
Augusta,  Ga.,  1871-73,  and  the  Augusta  institute 
conducted  by  the  Rev.  Dr.  Joseph  T.  Robert, 
1872-78.  He  taught  summer  schools,  1874-80  ; 
was  a  delegate  to  the  Republican  national  con 
vention  at  Chicago,  June  2,  1880  ;  internal-re 
venue  ganger,  1880-82  ;  and  deputy  collector,  1882. 
In  1883  he  studied  law  with  Gibson  &  Brandt, 
Augusta,  Ga.,  and  he  was  graduated  from  How 
ard  university  LL.B.  in  1884.  He  was  admitted  to 
practice  in  all  the  courts  of  Georgia  in  November, 
1884;  and  was  a  lawyer  in  Augusta.  1884-98, 
being  the  first  colored  man  to  practice  in  the 
state.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  Republican 
national  convention  at  Minneapolis,  June  7,  1892  ; 
head  of  the  Republican  national  electoral  ticket 
in  Georgia  in  1892  and  was  instrumental  in  1896 
in  increasing  the  number  of  judges  of  the  supreme 
court  of  Georgia  through  an  amendment  to  the 
state  constitution.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the 
Republican  national  convention  at  St.  Louis, 
June  16,  1896,  where  he  was  elected  a  member 
of  the  Republican  national  committee  to  repre 
sent  Georgia.  He  was  the  candidate  of  the 
colored  Republicans  of  Augusta  for  postmaster  of 
the  city,  1897-98;  and  in  March,  1898,  he  was 
appointed  by  President  McKinley  register  of  the 
U.S.  treasury  and  took  office  early  in  April,  lie 
was  elected  trustee  and  president  of  the  board  of 
trustees  of  Haines  college,  Augusta,  Ga..  and  in 
1900  received  the  honorary  degree  of  A.M.  from 
the  Baptist  college,  Atlanta,  Ga.,  and  that  of 
D.C.L.  from  Shaw  university,  Raleigh,  N.C. 


[180] 


LYONS 


LYTLE 


LYONS,  Samuel  Ross,  educator,  was  born  in 
Whmsboro,  S.C.,  April  28,  1849  ;  son  of  George 
and  Priscilla  (Gibson)  Lyons,  grandson  of  James 

and (Elliott)  Lyons.  He  served  in  the  154th 

Illinois  volunteers  in  1865  ;  subsequently  entered 
Mon mouth  college,  111.,  and  was  graduated  from 
there  A.B.  in  1877.  He  studied  theology  at 
Xenia,  Ohio  ;  was  ordained  to  the  United  Presby 
terian  ministry  in  1880  ;  was  pastor  at  Marissa, 
111.,  1880-85  ;  and  at  Bloomington,  Ind.,  1885-98. 
In  1892  he  was  elected  a  trustee  of  Indiana 
university  and  in  1898  became  president  of  Mon- 
mouth%  college.  He  was  married  in  1891  to  Ale- 
tliia,  daughter  of  Andrew  S.  Cooper  ;  she  died  in 
Monmouth,  111..  April  10,  1901.  Erskine  and 
Westminster  colleges  conferred  upon  him  the 
honorary  degree  of  D.D.  in  1898. 

LYTE,  Eliphalet  Oram,  educator,  was  born  at 
Bird-in-Hand,  Pa.,  June  29,  1842;  son  of  Louis 
Clarkson  and  Rebecca  (Martin)  Lyte  ;  grandson 
of  Martin  Lyte  and  of  Robert  Martin,  and  a  de 
scendant  of  Joshua  Peeling,  a  prominent  Revolu 
tionary  soldier.  He  served  in  the  civil  war,  1861- 
65,  being  wounded  at  Chancellorsville,  May  1, 
1863.  He  taught  school,  1867,  was  graduated 
from  the  State  Normal  school,  Millersville,  Pa., 
in  1868,  and  remained  there  as  professor  of  lan 
guage  and  pedagogy  until  1887,  when  he  was  ad 
vanced  to  the  principalship.  He  became  prom 
inent  in  educational  matters  throughout  the 
state.  He  was  president  of  the  Pennsylvania 
State  Teachers'  Association  in  1891,  and  of  the 
National  Educational  Association,  of  which  lie 
was  a  life-director,  in  1899.  Franklin  and  Mar 
shall  college  conferred  upon  him  the  degree  of 
A.M.  in  1878,  and  that  of  Ph.D.  in  1887.  His 
published  works  include  :  Forms  of  Pat-sing  and 
Analysis  (1879);  Practical  Bookkeeping  (1880); 
The  School  Song-Book  (1883);  Grammar  and 
Composition  (1886);  The  School  Bell  (1892);  Ele 
mentary  English  (1898);  Elements  of  Grammar 
and  Composition  (1898);  Advanced  Grammar  and 
Composition  (1899). 

LYTLE,  Robert  Todd,  representative,  was 
born  in  Williamsburg,  Ohio,  in  1804  ;  .son  of 
William  and  Eliza  No  well  (Stahl)  Lytle  ;  grand 
son  of  William  and  Mary  (Steel)  Lytle,  and  a 
descendant  of  Christopher  and  Mary  Lytle.  Mis 
father  (born  at  Carlisle,  Pa.,  1772;  died,  1831) 
was  major-general  of  state  militia  for  the  south 
ern  district  of  Ohio  ;  served  in  the  Indian  wars, 
was  also  surveyor-general  of  Ohio,  Indiana  and 
Michigan  ;  arid  founded  Williamsburg,  Clermont 
county,  Ohio.  His  grandfather,  William  Lytle, 
was  a  commissioned  officer  in  the  French  and 
Indian  war,  1754-63,  who  removed  to  Kentucky 
from  Pennsylvania  in  1779.  Robert  T.  Lytla  was 
a  representative  in  the  Ohio  legislature,  1828-29; 
a  major-general  in  the  Ohio  militia  ;  a  represent- 


ative  from  the  first  district  of  Ohio  in  the  23d 
congress,  1833-35,  and  U.S.  surveyor-general  of 
public  lands  in  Ohio,  1835-38.  He  married  Eliz 
abeth  Haines  of  Cincinnati,  Ohio.  He  died  in 
New  Orleans,  La.,  Dec.  21,  1839. 

LYTLE,  William  Haines,  soldier,  was  born  in 
Cincinnati,  Ohio,  Nov.  2,  1826  ;  son  of  Gen. 
Robert  Todd  and  Elizabeth  (Haines)  Lytle.  He 
was  graduated  from  Cincinnati  college,  studied 
law  with  his  uncle,  E.  S.  Haines,  and  in  1846 
became  lieutenant  in  the  2d  Ohio  infantry,  and 
captain,  Dec.  21,  1847.  After  the  Mexican  war 
he  practised  law  in  Cincinnati ;  was  a  Dem 
ocratic  representative  in  the  state  legislature, 
1852-54,  and  in  1857  was  the  Democratic  can 
didate  for  lieutenant-governor  of  Ohio  on  the 
ticket  with  H.  B.  Payne  for  governor.  At  the 
outbreak  of  the  civil  war  he  was  major-general, 
commanding  the  1st  division,  Ohio  militia,  and 
mustered  the  5th,  6th,  9th  and  10th  regiments 
for  three  months'  service.  He  also  proposed  to 
furnish  an  artillery  regiment,  but  his  offer  was 
declined  by  the  secretary  of  war.  He  was  com 
missioned  colonel  of  the  10th  Ohio  infantry,  and 
commanded  a  brigade  in  the  engagement  at  Car- 
nifex  Ferry,  Sept.  10,  1861,  where  he  was  se 
verely  wounded.  On  his  recovery  he  commanded 
the  camp  of  rendezvous  and  instruction  at  Bards- 
town,  Ky.  ;  was  assigned  to  the  command  of  the 
17th  brigade,  3d  division,  1st  army  corps,  Army 
of  the  Ohio,  and  serv 
ed  in  the  Alabama 
campaign  and  dur 
ing  General  Buell's 
march  into  Ken 
tucky,  where  he  cov 
ered  the  rear  of  the 
army.  He  was  con 
spicuous  for  his  bra 
very  at  the  battle  of  ;.. 
Perryville,  Oct.  8, 
1862,  where  he  led 
a  charge  in  person, 
and  in  carrying  out  a 
flank  movement  a 
fragment  of  shell 
struck  him  and  he  was 

left  on  the  field  for  dead.  He  was  taken  prisoner, 
and  was  exchanged,  Feb.  4,  1863.  He  was  promoted 
brigadier-general,  Nov.  29,  1862,  during  his  im 
prisonment  ;  commanded  the  1st  brigade,  3d 
division.  2d  army  corps,  Army  of  the  Cumberland, 
in  the  Chickamauga  campaign,  and  at  Chicka 
mauga,  Sept.  20.  1863,  during  a  charge  which  he 
led  in  person,  he  was  pierced  by  several  bullets 
and  survived  but  a  few  moments.  He  is  the 
author  of  the  poem  beginning:  "I  am  dying, 
Egypt,  dying  ! "  first  published,  July  29,  1858. 
lie  died  near  Chickamauga,  Ga.,  Sept.  20.  1863. 


MABIE 


MACALISTER 


n. 


HABIE,  Hamilton  Wright,  editor  and  author, 
was  born  at  Cold  Spring,  N.Y.,  Dec.  13,  1846. 
He  was  graduated  from  Williams  college  in  1867 
and  from  Columbia,  LL.B.,  in  1869.  He  prac 
tised  law  in  New  York  city,  1869-79;  became 
connected  with  the 
Christian  Union  in 
1879  and  formally  an 
editor  in  1884,  con 
tinuing  as  such  after 
that  paper  became 
The  Outlook,  in  June, 
1893.  He  became 
well  known  as  a  lec 
turer  on  literary  and 
educational  topics, 
and  as  a  contributor 
of  essays  to  the  lead 
ing  periodicals.  He 
was  elected  a  trustee 
and  secretary  of  the 
board  of  trustees  of 

Barnard  college,  a  trustee  of  Williams  col 
lege,  and  president  of  the  New  York  Kin 
dergarten  association.  He  received  the  de 
grees  of  A.M.  and  L.H.D.  from  Williams,  and 
LL.D.  from  Union  in  1899.  His  published  books 
include:  Norse  Stories  (1884);  Mi/  Study  Fire 
(1st  ser.,  1890;  2d  ser.,  1894;  3d  ser.,  1899); 
Under  the  Trees  and  Elsewhere  (1891 ) ;  Short  Stud 
ies  in  Literature  (1891):  Essays  on  Literary  In 
terpretation  (1892);  Nature  and  Culture  (1897); 
Books  and  Culture  (1897);  Work  and  Culture 
(1898);  Lithe  Forest  of  Arden  (1898);  The  Life 
of  the  Spirit  (1899);  Shakespeare:  Poet,  Drama- 
list  and  Man  (1900).  He  also  selected  and  ar 
ranged  Old  English  Ballads  and  Love  Songs 
(2  vols.,  1896-97). 

McADOO,  William,  representative,  was  born 
in  Ireland,  Oct.  25.  1853.  He  was  brought  to 
America  at  an  early  age  by  his  parents,  who 
settled  in  Jersey  City,  N.J.  After  attending  the 
public  schools  he  studied  law,  and  in  1874  he  was 
admitted  to  the  bar.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
state  assembly  and  a  Democratic  representative 
from  the  seventh  district  of  New  Jersey  in  the 
48th,  49th,  50th  and  51st  congresses,  1883-91. 
He  was  assistant  secretary  of  the  navy  during 
President  Cleveland's  second  administration, 
1893-97,  and  at  the  close  of  his  term  resumed  the 
practice  of  law  in  Jersey  City. 

flcAFEE,  Robert  Breckinridge,  lawyer,  was 
born  in  Mercer  county,  Ky.,  in  February,  1784  ; 
son  of  Robert  and  Anna  (McCoun)  McAfee,  and 
grandson  of  James  McCoun,  who  came  from 
Ireland  in  1742  and  married  Margaret  Walker  in 


1744.  Robert  McAfee  was  one  of  three  brothers 
who  went  to  Kentucky  from  Botetourt  county, 
Va. ,  in  1773,  and  were  the  lirst  pioneers  after 
Boone.  He  attended  Transylvania  university  and 
conducted  a  farm  and  practised  law  in  Mercer 
county,  Ky.,  1805-12.  He  was  successively  pri 
vate,  sergeant,  ensign,  and  captain  in  the  north 
western  army,  1812-14  :  served  in  Col.  Richard  M. 
Johnson's  regiment,  lirst  as  quartermaster  in  the 
relief  of  Fort  Wayne,  and  as  captain  at  the  battle 
of  the  Thames,  Oct.  5,  1813.  He  was  a  represent 
ative  in  the  Kentucky  legislature,  1810-15  and 
1819;  a  senator,  1821-24.  and  lieutenant-governor 
of  Kentucky,  1824-28.  He  was  again  a  represen 
tative  in  the  state  legislature,  1831-32,  and  was  a 
delegate  to  the  Democratic  national  convention 
at  Baltimore,  Md.,  May  21,  1832.  He  was  charge 
d'affaires  at  Bogota,  Colombia,  South  America. 
1833-37,  and  senator  in  the  Kentucky  legislature, 
1841-45.  He  was  married  to  Mary,  daughter  of 
James  Cardwell.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Royal 
Antiquarian  society  of  Denmark,  and  an  honor 
ary  member  of  the  Kentucky  Historical  society. 
His  private  journal  contained  data  of  the  early 
history  of  Kentucky  and  he  is  the  author  of  a 
History  of  the  War  of  1X1.'  (1816).  He  died  in 
Mercer  county.  Ky.,  March  12,  1849. 

ricALEER,  William,  representative,  was  born 
in  county  Tyrone,  Ireland,  Jan.  6,  1838.  He  im 
migrated  with  his  parents  to  the  United  States 
in  1851  and  settled  in  Philadelphia,  where  he 
later  engaged  with  his  father  and  brothers  in  the 
flour  and  grain  business.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  city  council,  1871-73  ;  was  elected  a  member 
of  the  Board  of  Guardians  of  the  Poor  in  1873, 
was  vice-president  and  president  of  the  board, 
and  was  connected  with  other  charitable  and 
benevolent  associations.  lie  was  state  senator, 
1886-90,  and  was  nominated  president  pro  teinpore 
by  the  Democratic  members  in  1889.  He  was  a 
Democratic  representative  from  the  third  district 
of  Pennsylvania  in  the  52d.  53d,  55th  and  56th 
congresses,  1891-95  and  1897-1901. 

flacALISTER,  James,  educator,  was  born  in 
Glasgow,  Scotland,  April  26,  1840.  lie  Mas  a 
student  at  Glasgow  university  and  at  Brown  uni 
versity  in  the  class  of  1856,  and  was  graduated 
from  the  Albany  Law  school,  LL.B.,  1864.  He 
was  superintendent  of  public  schools  in  Milwau 
kee,  Wis.,  1873-83;  regent  of  the  Wisconsin 
Normal  schools,  1878-83  ;  and  was  the  first  super 
intendent  of  public  schools  in  Philadelphia,  Pa., 
1883-91.  In  1891  he  was  elected  president  of  the 
Drexel  Institute,  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  and  lie  was 
lecturer  on  pedagogy  in  Johns  Hopkins  university 
in  1893,  and  at  the  University  of  the  City  of  New 


[182] 


MCALLISTER 


MCALLISTER 


York  in  1894.  He  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
American  Philosophical  society  in  188(5 ;  an  ojjicier 
d' Academic  Paris  in  1889.  and  served  as  trustee  of 
the  University  of  Pennsylvania.  1885-97.  In  1890 
he  received  from  Brown  university  the  degree  of 
A.M.,  by  special  vote,  and  the  honorary  degree 
of  LL.D.  He  is  the  author  of:  Manual  of  Pri 
mary  Instruction  (1834);  Manual  of  Instruction  in 
United  States  History  and  Civil  Government 
(1887):  Catalogue  of  Pedagogical  Library  with 
Biographical  Notes  (1887):  llannal  Training  in 
the  Public  Schools  of  Philadelphia  (1890);  Art 
Education  in  Public  Scliools  (1893);  besides  ad 
dresses,  reports  and  contributions  to  periodicals. 
MCALLISTER,  Matthew  Hall,  jurist,  was 
born  in  Savannah,  Ga. .  Nov.  26.  1800;  son  of 
Matthew  and  Hannah  (Gibbons)  McAllister; 
grandson  of  Col.  Richard  and  Mary  (Dill)  McAl 
lister  :  grand-nephew  of  William  Gibbons,  dele 
gate  (q.  v.),  and  great  grandson  of  Archibald 
McAllister.  His  father,  born  May  4,  1758.  was  a 
graduate  of  the  College  of  New  Jersey.  1779; 
U.S.  district  attorney  for  Georgia  during  Wash 
ington's  administration,  judge  of  the  superior 
court,  mayor  of  the  city  of  Savannah  during  the 
war  of  1812,  and  died.  May  9.  182;}.  Matthew 
Hall  McAllister  matriculated  at  the  College  of 
New  Jersey,  but  was  not  graduated.  He  was 
admitted  to  the  Georgia  bar  in  1821,  and  prac 
tised  in  Savannah,  Ga.  In  1827  he  was  appointed 
U.S.  district  attorney  for  Georgia  by  President 
J.  y.  Adams.  He  opposed  nullification  in  1832  ; 
was  a  representative  in  the  Georgia  legislature 
in  18:55.  and  subsequently  state  senator  for  seven 
teen  years  and  president  of  the  senate  most  of 
the  time  of  his  service.  He  established  the  court 
of  errors  of  Georgia  and  declined  the  U.S.  sena- 
torship.  He  was  defeated  for  governor  of 
Georgia  on  the  Democratic  ticket  in  1845,  and 
was  a  delegate  to  the  Democratic  national  con 
vention  at  Baltimore.  Md.,  May  22,  1848.  He  re 
moved  to  San  Francisco.  Cal..  with  his  family  in 
1850  ;  was  LT.S.  circuit  judge  for  California,  1855- 
62  ;  and  rendered  valuable  services  by  adjusting 
disputed  land  titles  and  by  maintaining  the 
rights  of  the  government  to  administer  the  law, 
when  that  prerogative  was  usurped  by  the  vigil 
ance  committee.  In  18(52,  being  in  ill  health,  he 
resigned.  He  received  the  degree  of  LL.D.  from 
Columbia  college  in  1S(50.  His  Opinions  were 
edited  by  his  son.  Matthew  Hall  McAllister.  He 
married  Louisa  Charlotte,  daughter  of  Benjamin 
Clark  and  Sarah  Charlotte  (Mitchell)  Cutler  and 
had  sons:  Julian,  colonel,  U.S.A.:  Hall,  lawyer  : 
Ward,  lawyer,  and  author  of :  Society  as  I  Have 
Found  It;  Cutler,  lawyer  :  and  Francis  Marion, 
clergyman.  Dr.  McAllister  is  the  author  of  a 
Eulogy  on  President  Jackson.  He  died  in  San 
Francisco,  Cal.,  Dec.  19,  1805. 


MCALLISTER,  Robert,  soldier,  was  born  in 
Lost  Creek  Valley,  Juniata  county,  Pa.,  June  1, 
1813  ;  son  of  William,  grandson  of  Hugh,  and 
great-grandson  of  Archibald  McAllister.  Archi 
bald  McAllister  came  from  Scotland  in  1732,  and 
settled  in  Cumberland  county,  Pa.  William, 
McAllister  was  a 
farmer,  who  held 
various  public  offices, 
and  Robert  was 
brought  up  on  the 
farm  and  attended 
the  neighborhood 
school.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  state 
militia,  and  reached 
the  rank  of  brigadier- 
general.  In  1861  he 
recruited  a  company 
of  volunteers  at  Ox 
ford,  N.J..  where  he 
was  engaged  in  build 
ing  a  railroad,  and  re 
ported  with  the  company  at  Trenton,  where  he 
was  commissioned  lieutenant-colonel  of  the  1st 
New  Jersey  regiment  by  Governor  Olden.  He 
served  in  General  Runyon's  4th  (reserve)  divi 
sion  at  Bull  Run,  Va..  July  21,  1861,  the  division 
being  stationed  about  six  miles  in  the  rear,  guard 
ing  the  road  to  Alexandria.  His  regiment  re 
turned  to  New  Jersey  at  the  end  of  three  months' 
service  and  he  recruited  the  llth  New  Jersey 
volunteers  for  the  war  and  was  elected  colonel. 
He  served  in  Carr's  (1st)  brigade,  Sickles's  (2d) 
division,  Stonernan's  (3d)  corps  at  Fredericks- 
burg,  Dec.  13,,  1862  ;  in  Carr's  brigade,  Berry's 
division,  Sickles's  corps  at  Chancellorsville,  May 
2-3,  1863  and  in  Carr's  brigade,  Humphrey's 
division,  Sickles's  corps  at  Gettysburg,  July  1-4, 

1863,  where    he    was    wounded    and    invalided 
home.     He   returned    to   the   army   after    three 
months'  absence  and  was  assigned  to  the  com 
mand  of  the  1st  brigade,    4th  division   of   Han 
cock's  2d  corps  and  at   Spottsylvania,   May    12, 

1864,  he  led  the  brigade  at  the  "  bloody  angle  " 
forming  the  second  line  of  battle  in  the  assault  at 
the  salient.     On  May  13,  1864,  on  the  consolida 
tion  of  the  corps,  the  4th  division  was  absorbed 
and  Colonel  McAllister  resumed  command  of  the 
llth   New   Jersey  in   the  3d    brigade    as   recon 
structed,  taking  part  in  the  battle  of  Cold  Harbor, 
June    1,    1864,   and   in   the  further   campaign   of 
Grant  against  Petersburg  and  Richmond,  gaining 
for  his  conduct  at  the  battle  of   Boydton  plank 
road.    Hatcher's   Run,    Va.,    Oct.    27,    1864.    the 
brevet  of  brigadier-general.     In  the  Appomattox 
campaign  he  commanded  the  3d  brigade,  3d  divi 
sion.  2d  army  corps,  and  on  March  13,  1865.  was 
brevetted  major-general  of  volunteers  for  gallant 


[183] 


MrALPINE 


MACARTHUR 


and  meritorious  conduct  throughout  the  war. 
He  engaged  in  railroad  business  and  in  mining 
and  smelting  iron  ore  in  the  Lehigh  valley,  resid 
ing  at  Allentown,  Pa.,  1865-8',?,  and  in  1883  he  re 
moved  to  Belvidere,  N.J.  He  was  married,  Nov. 
9,  1841,  to  Ellen  Jane  Wilson  of  Mercersburg.  Pa. 
He  is  the  author  of  :  McAllister's  Brit/ade  at  the 
Blood//  Aitt/le  in  "  Battles  and  Lenders  of  the 
Civil  War,"  Vol.  IV.  p.  176.  Gen.  J.  Watts  de 
Peyster  wrote  a  sketch  of  his  life.  He  died  at 
Belvidere,  N.J.,  Feb.  23.  1891. 

McALPINE,  William  Jarvis,  civil  engineer, 
was  born  in  New  York  city.  April  30,  1812  ;  son 
of  John  and  Elizabeth  (Jarvis)  McAlpine  ;  grand 
son  of  Capt.  Donald  and  Elizabeth  (Storer) 
McAlpine.  and  a  descendant  of  Bishop  Jarvis,  of 
Connecticut,  and  of  the  Scottish  Kings  of  Clan 
Alpine.  He  attended  school  at  Newburgh,  N.Y., 
and  at  Rome.  X.Y.,  and  studied  civil  engineering 
with  John  B.  Jarvis  on  the  C'arbondale  railway 
in  Pennsylvania,  1827-30.  He  was  assistant  to 
Mr.  Jarvis  on  the  Mohawk  and  Hudson  River 
railroad  and  on  the  Schenectady  and  Saratoga 
railroad,  1830-31  :  resident  engineer  on  the  Che- 
nango  canal,  1832-34  ;  in  charge  of  surveys  for 
the  enlargement  of  the  Erie  canal  from  Little 
Falls  to  Albany,  1835-36  :  and  chief  engineer  of 
the  eastern  division,  1836-44.  In  June,  1845.  he  left 
the  employ  of  the  state  to  accept  the  position  of 
chief  engineer  in  the  construction  of  a  dry  dock 
at  the  U.S.  navy  yard,  Brooklyn,  N.Y. ,  a  work  of 
great  magnitude  and  extraordinary  difficulty 
which  he  successfully  accomplished.  He  de 
signed  and  superintended  the  construction  of 
the  original  water  works  at  Albany,  N.Y.,  and  at 
Chicago,  111.,  1850-54.  lie  was  state  engineer 
and  surveyor.  1852-54  ;  state  railroad  commis 
sioner,  1855-57  :  acting  president  and  chief  engi 
neer  of  the  Erie  railway.  185(5-57,  and  chief  en 
gineer  and  vice-president  of  the  Galena  and  Chi 
cago  railroad,  1857.  He  was  chief  engineer  of 
tiie  Third  Avenue  bridge  across  the  Harlem  river, 
1860-61  ;  general  superintendent  of  the  eastern 
division,  Ohio  and  Mississippi  railroad.  1801-64  ; 
and  chief  engineer  of  the  Pacific  railway,  1864- 
65.  He  visited  Europe,  18(56-67;  was  consulting 
engineer  for  the  Clifton  suspension  bridge,  Nia 
gara  Falls.  1868,  and  of  the  water  works  of  vari 
ous  cities,  including  New  Bedford,  Mass..  18(58-75. 
He  superintended  the  construction  of  the  eapitol 
at  Albany,  1873,  and  constructed  its  founda 
tion.  The  Danube  Navigation  company  adopted 
his  plans  for  the  improvement  of  the  rapids  of 
the  Danube  river,  Austria:,  at  and  about  the 
"  Iron  (late."  He  was  engineer  of  the  depart 
ment  of  parks.  New  York  city.  1879-80;  chief 
and  consulting  engineer  of  the.  Washington 
Bridge.  New  York.  1885-88  :  and  prominently 
connected  with  the  water  supply  and  rapid  tran 


sit  improvements  in  New  York  city,  18*8-90. 
He  was  elected  a  member  of  the  American  So 
ciety  of  Civil  Engineers,  Feb.  3,  1853,  being  the 
seventeenth  on  its  list  of  membership  ;  was  its 
president,  1868-69,  and  an  honorary  member,  1888- 


90.  He  was  the  first  American  citizen  to  receive 
honorary  membership  in  the  Institution  of  Civil 
Engineers  (London)  in  1867,  and  lie  received 
from  that  institution  the  Telford  medal  in  1868. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  Australian  Society  of 
Engineers  and  Architects,  and  of  the  prominent 
scientific  societies  of  the  United  States  :  and  of 
the  New  York  chamber  of  commerce.  Among 
his  forty-three  printed  papers  are  reports  of  his 
various  works  as  mentioned  above,  and  of: 
Galveston  Harbor,  The  Foundations  of  ]\'anJn'ii(/- 
tou  Monument,  and  The  Piirijieation  of  tin'  Basin 
of  the  Harbor  of  Baltimore.  His  last  book  was  a 
treatise  on  Modern  Engineering.  He  died  at  New 
Brighton,  Staten  Island,  N.Y..  Feb.  16,  1890. 

flacARTHUR,  Arthur,  jurist,  was  born  in 
Glasgow,  Scotland,  Jan.  26,  1815.  He  came  to 
America  with  his  parents,  who  settled  in  Spring 
field,  Mass.  He  was  prepared  for  college  at  Ux- 
bridge  and  Amherst  academies,  matriculated  at 
Wesleyan  university  in  the  class  of  1840,  but  left 
during  his  freshman  year.  He  studied  law  in 
New  York  city,  1837— 11.  and  practised  in  Spring 
field,  Mass.,  1841—13,  where  he  was  public  admin 
istrator  for  Hampden  county  and  judge  advocate 
for  the  western  division  of  the  state  militia.  He 
practised  law  in  New  York  city.  1845—19.  and  in 
Milwaukee,  Wis.,  1850-67.  He  was  corporation 
counsel,  1851-52  :  lieutenant-governor  of  the  state, 
1856-58  :  and  upon  the  resignation  of  Gov.  W.  A. 
Barstow,  March  21,  1856,  he  served  as  governor 
until  the  inauguration  of  Coles  Bash  ford.  March 
25,  1856.  He  was  judge  of  the  2d  judicial  cir 
cuit,  1856-69  ;  was  U.S.  commissioner  to  the  I'aris 
exposition  of  1867,  and  was  associate  justice  of 
the  supreme  court  of  the  district  of  Columbia, 
1870-87.  He  was  president  of  the  Washington 
Humane  society  ;  president  of  the  Associated 
Charities  for  the  District  of  Columbia,  and  presi 
dent  of  the  board  of  regents  of  the  National  uni 
versity.  He  delivered  lectures  on  historical  and 
literary  subjects  and  published  three  volumes 
of  reports  containing  the  important  decisions 


MAC-ARTHUR 


MACARTHUR 


of  the  supreme  court  of  the  District  of  Columbia 
(1875,  187?  and  1881).  He  was  twice  married, 
his  second  wife  being  the  widow  of  Benjamin 
F.  Hawkins,  representative  in  congress  from 
Wisconsin.  He  is  the  author  of  :  Education  in 
its  Relation  to  Manual  Industry  (1884),  and 
Biography  of  the  English  Language  (1889).  He, 
died  in  Atlantic  City,  N.J.,  Aug.  24,  1896. 

MacARTHUR,  Arthur,  soldier,  was  born  in 
Springfield,  Mass.,  June  1.  1845;  son  of  Judge 
Arthur  MacArthur  (q.v.).  In  1849  he  went  with 
his  father  to  Milwaukee,  Wis.,  and  there  attended 
school  until  Aug.  4,  1803,  when  lie  was  appointed 
by  Governor  Salomon  1st  lieutenant  and  adjutant 
of  the  24th  Wisconsin 
volunteers.  His  first 
battle  was  Perryville, 
Ky.,  Oct.  8,  1862.  in 
the  37th  brigade,  llth 
division,  yd  army 
corps.  At  Stone's 
river,  Tenn.,  Dec.  30- 
31,  18(52,  his  regiment 
was  part  of  the  1st 
brigade,  Sheridan's 
3d  division.  McCook's 
right  wing,  Army  of 
the  Cumberland.  He 
was  second  in  com 
mand  during  the  en 
gagement,  the  regi 
ment  being  commanded  by  Major  Hibbard,  and 
he  was  commended  for  bravery  in  the  official  re 
port  of  the  commander  of  the  brigade.  At  Cliicka- 
mauga  he  was  again  second  in  command,  and  at 
Chattanooga  he  gained  a  medal  of  honor  for  con 
spicuous  bravery  in  action  Nov.  25,  1863,  while 
serving  as  1st  lieutenant  and  adjutant  of  the  24th 
Wisconsin  infantry-  He  was  promoted  major 
Jan.  25,  1864,  and  commanded  the  regiment  at 
Kenesaw  Mountain,  June  27,  1864.  At  the  bat 
tle  of  Franklin,  Tenn.,  Nov.  30,  1864.  he  com 
manded  his  regiment  in  Opdyke's  brigade,  Stan 
ley's  division,  and  General  Stanley  gave  the  24th 
Wisconsin,  credit  for  doing  "  a  large  part  "  in 
saving  the  day.  He  was  severely  wounded  and 
could  not  take  part  in  the  battle  of  Nashville. 
He  was  promoted  lieutenant-colonel  May  18.  1865, 
and  was  mustered  out  June  10,  1865.  He  was 
brevelted  lieutenant-colonel  of  volunteers  for 
Perryville,  Stone's  river,  Missionary  Ridge  and 
Dandridge,  Tenn.,  and  colonel  of  volunteers  for 
services  at  the  battle  of  Franklin,  Tenn.,  and  in 
the  Atlanta  campaign,  March  13,  1865.  On  Feb. 
23, 1866,  he  was  commissioned  2d  lieutenant  in  the 
17th  infantry  and  the  same  day  was  promoted  1st 
lieutenant.  He  accepted  the  commission  April  30, 
1866,  was  promoted  captain  of  the  36th  infantry 
July  28,  1866  ;  major  and  assistant  adjutant-gen- 


era,!  July  1,1889;  lieutenant-colonel  May  26, 
1896  ;  brigadier-general  Jan.  2,  1900,  and  major- 
general  Feb.  5,  1901.  He  re-entered  the  volunteer 
army  as  brigadier-general  May  27,  1898,  and  was 
promoted  major-general  of  volunteers  Aug.  13, 
1898.  He  succeeded  Gen.  El  well  S.  Otis  in  com 
mand  of  the  Division  of  the  Philippines,  Feb.  5. 
1901,  and  on  June  15,  1901,  issued  a  proclamation 
of  amnesty  to  the  natives.  He  assumed  com 
mand  of  the  Department  of  the  Lakes,  March 
25,  1902. 

MacARTHUR,  Charles  Lafayette,  journal 
ist,  was  born  in  Claremont,  N.H.,  Jan.  7,  1824  ; 
son  of  Charles  G.  and  Philena  (Stearns)  MacAr 
thur  and  a  descendant  of  Daniel  MacArthur.  He 
was  graduated  from  the  Black  River  institute, 
Watertown,  N.Y.;  learned  the  printer's  trade,  and 
removed  to  Carthage,  N.Y.,  in  1840,  where  he 
established  the  Carthaginian.  He  was  a  reporter 
on  the  Detroit  Free  Press,  1841  ;  went  to  Milwau 
kee,  Wis.,  in  1842,  and  accompanied  an  expedition 
to  the  head-  waters  of  the  Platte  river  to  treat 
with  the  Sioux  Indians,  and  the  same  year  be 
came  senior  editor  of  the  Sentinel,  the  first  daily 
newspaper  published  in  Wisconsin.  He  was  city 
editor  of  the  New  York  Sun,  1846-47,  and  editor 
and  proprietor  of  the  Troy  Daily  Budget,  1847- 
59,  and  of  the  Troy  Daily  Arena,  1859-61.  He 
was  1st  lieutenant  and  quartermaster,  2d  N.Y. 
volunteers,  1861-62,  being  present  at  the  battle  of 
Great  Bethel,  and  in  the  capture  of  Norfolk,  Va. 
He  was  transferred  to  the  regular  army  as  assist 
ant  quartermaster  with  the  rank  of  captain  in 
1862  ;  served  as  brigade  and  division  quarter 
master,  and  participated  in  all  the  battles  from 
Fair  Oaks,  May  11-15,  1862,  to  Malvern  Hill.  July 
1,  1862,  and  in  the  battle  of  Fredericksburg.  Dec. 
11-15,  1862.  He  was  twice  brevetted  by  Governor 
Fenton  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services. 
When  the  slavery  issue  divided  the  Democratic 
party  he  affiliated  with  the  Free  Soil  wing  until 
the  formation  of  the  Republican  party  which  he 
assisted  in  organizing.  He  founded  and  edited 
the  Troy  News,  the  pioneer  Sunday  newspaper  in 
the  state  outside  of  New  York  city,  in  1864.  and 
sold  it  in  1866  to  become  an  editor  and  proprietor 
of  the  Troy  Daily  Whig.  The  Troy  Northern 
Budget,  an  extreme  Democratic  paper,  was  sus 
pended  in  1863.  and  Mr.  MacArthur  republished 
it  as  a  Sunday  paper  in  1867,  making  it  a  Repub- 
licti.ii  organ  and  a  leader  of  the  political  senti 
ment  of  the  party  in  that  section  of  the  state. 
Mr.  MacArthur  was  a  member  of  the  Democratic 
state  central  committee  ;  a  delegate  to  the  Dem 
ocratic  national  convention  of  1856:  city  alder 
man,  1852-56  ;  collector  of  the  port  of  Troy  for  a 
number  of  years  under  Republican  administra 
tion  :  was  a  Republican  state  senator,  1882-83. 
and  as  a  member  of  the  committees  on  commerce 


1185 


McARTHUR 


McARTHUR 


and  navigation  and  canals  introduced  measures 
that  resulted  in  the  enlargement  of  the  Erie 
canal  and  looked  to  the  building  of  a  ship  water 
way  to  complete  the  navigation  of  the  great  lakes 
in  connection  with  the  Erie  canal.  During  his 
travels  abroad  he  gave  to  the  Budget  a,  succession 
of  letters.  He  was  a  prominent  member  of  the 
Grand  Army  of  the  Republic  ;  served  as  president 
of  the  Rensselaer  County  Soldiers'  and  Sailors' 
Monument  association,  and  principally  through 
his  efforts  the  $50, 000  for  the  Troy  monument  was 
procured.  He  died  in  Troy,  N.Y.,  Oct.  13, 1898. 

McARTHUR,  Duncan,  soldier,  was  born  in 
Dutchess  county,  N.Y.,  June  14.  1772.  His  pa 
rents  removed  to  the  Pennsylvania!!  frontier 
in  1780.  and  in  1790  Duncan  enlisted  as  a  volun 
teer  in  Gen.  Josiah  Harmar's  expedition  against 
the  Miami  Indians.  He  was  engaged  in  Indian 

warfare  in  Kentucky 
and  Ohio,  1790-94, 
and  subsequently  set- 
tied  near  Chillicothe, 
Ohio,  and  engaged  as 
a  surveyor.  He  pur 
chased  a  large  tract 
of  land  near  Chilli- 
cotlie  ;  was  a  repre 
sentative  iu  the  state 
legislature,  1804-05, 
1815-10,  1817-18  and 
1826-27,  and  speaker, 
1817-18.  He  was 
elected  major-gen 
eral  of  the  state 
militia  in  1808,  and 

•was  commissioned  colonel  of  the  1st  Ohio  volun 
teer  regiment,  May  7,  1812.  He  was  second  in 
command  at  the  time  General  Hull  surrendered 
Detroit,  and  led  the  foraging  party  that  obtained 
provisions  from  the  British  settlements  on  the 
Thames  river.  Although  absent  at  the  time  of 
Hull's  surrender,  he  was  included  in  the  terms 
and  was  released  by  exchange  and  commissioned 
brigadier-general,  March  12,  181-?.  Upon  the  res 
ignation  of  General  Harrison,  May  31,  1814,  Mc- 
Arthur  succeeded  to  the  command  of  the  North 
western  army.  He  formulated  a  plan  for  the 
conquest  of  Canada,  and  on  Oct.  20.  1814.  crossed 
the  St.  Glair  river  with  750  men  and  five  field 
pieces,  drove  the  militia  from  Oxford,  Nov.  4, 
1814,  and  reached  Brantford.  where  he  was  con 
fronted  by  a  large  force  of  British  regulars  and 
Indians.  He  turned  southward,  and  upon  reach 
ing  Dover  learned  that  Gen.  George Tzard.  whom 
he  had  counted  upon  for  support,  had  withdrawn 
his  troops  from  Canada,  and  lie  retreated  to  De 
troit  by  way  of  St.  Thomas,  discharged  his  troops 
at  Sandwich,  Nov.  17.  1814,  and  was  mustered 
out,  June  15,  1815.  He  was  a  Democratic  repre 


sentative  in  the  13th  and  18th  congresses,  1813-15 
and  1823-25  ;  governor  of  Ohio,  1830-32,  and  a 
candidate  for  representative  in  congress  in  1832. 
He  died  near  Chillicothe,  Ohio,  April  28,  1839. 

McARTHUR,  John,  architect,  was  born  in 
Bladenoch,  Wigtownshire,  Scotland,  May  13, 1823. 
His  parents  immigrated  to  the  United  States  in 
1833,  and  settled  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  where  he 
studied  architectural  drawing.  He  served  as 
foreman  under  his  uncle  in  the  construction  of- 
the  Pennsylvania  hospital  ;  as  architect  and 
superintendent  of  the  House  of  Refuge,  Phila 
delphia,  Pa.,  in  1848.  and  as  architect  in  charge 
of  hospitals  and  government  buildings  in  Phila 
delphia,  1861-65.  He  secured  the  contract  to 
design  and  construct  the  city  hall  in  Philadelphia 
in  1869,  and  was  architect  of  the  post-office  build 
ing  erected  in  Philadelphia  in  1871.  He  declined 
the  supervision  of  the  architecture  of  the  U.S. 
treasury  building,  Washington,  D.C.,  1874;  ex 
amined  and  reported  on  the  construction  of  the 
custom-house  building  at  Chicago.  III.,  in  1875, 
and  selected  the  plan  for  the  new  court-house  at 
Boston,  Mass.,  in  1885.  Buildings  of  his  design 
and  supervision  not  enumerated,  include  the 
naval  hospitals  at  Philadelphia,  Pa..  Annapolis, 
Md.,  and  Mare  Island,  Cal.  ;  the  state  hospitals  for 
the  insane  at  Danville  and  Warren,  Pa.  ;  Lafav- 
ette  college  at  Easton,  Pa.  ;  the  Continental,  Gir- 
ard  and  Lafayette  hotels,  and  the  Public  Ledger 
building,  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  and  the  town  and 
country  residences  of  George  W.  Childs.  He 
died  in  Philadelphia.  Pa.,  Jan.  8,  1890. 

McARTHUR,  John,  soldier,  was  born  in  Er- 
skine.  Scotland.  Nov.  17.  1826;  son  of  John  and 
Isabella  (Neilson)  Me  Arthur.  He  attended  the 
public  schools  and  worked  in  his  father's  black 
smith  shop  until  1849.  He  was  married  in  1848 
to  Christina  Cuth- 
bertson,  of  Erskine, 
Scotland  ;  immigrat 
ed  to  the  United 
States  in  1849  and 
obtained  employment 
in  Chicago,  111.,  in 
1849  as  a  boiler-maker 
and  subsequently  es 
tablished  a  business 
of  his  own.  He  was 
captain  of  the  "  High 
land  Guards "  at 
tached  to  the  state 
militia,  and  in  1861 
they  volunteered  and 
reported  at  Spring 
field,  where  he  was  elected  and  commissioned 
colonel  of  the  12th  Illinois  volunteers.  He  com 
manded  the  1st  brigade.  2d  division  of  the  army 
under  Gen.  U.  S.  Grant,  at  the  assault  on  Fort 


1*^  M^W\AA 


[180] 


MACARTHUR 


Donelson,  Feb.  14, 1862,  and  he  was  promoted  brig 
adier-general,  March  21,  1862.  He  commanded 
the  2d  brigade,  2d  division,  Army  of  the  Ten 
nessee  at  the  battle  of  Shiloh,  April  6-7,  1862, 
where  he  was  wounded.  He  commanded  the  1st 
brigade,  6th  division.  Army  of  the  Tennessee,  at 
Corinth,  Oct.  3-4,  1862,  and  the  6th  division,  17th 
corps,  Army  of  the  Tennessee,  during  the  Vicks- 
burg  campaign,  May  1  to  July  4.  1863.  He  was 
in  command  of  the  1st  division  of  A.  J.  Smith's 
detachment  of  the  Army  of  the  Tennessee  in  the 
battle  of  Nashville,  Dec.  15-16,  1864,  and  on  Dec. 
16,  impatient  at  the  delay  in  the  attack,  Me  Arthur 
received  Smith's  silent  approval  to  charge  the 
hill  in  front  of  General  Couch's  command,  which 
that  commander  had  been  refused  the  privilege 
of  charging,  and  withdrawing  McMillen's  brigade 
from  the  trenches,  lie  inarched  it  by  flank  in 
front  of  Couch's  position  and  charged  the  hill 
with  fixed  bayonets.  The  hill  was  capped  by  a 
redoubt  manned  by  Bate's  division  and  mounted 
with  Whitworth's  guns,  and  in  the  face  of  a  tre 
mendous  fire  McArthur,  without  firing  a  shot, 
gained  the  summit  and  planted  the  flag.  His 
gallantry  won  for  him  the  brevet  of  major-gen 
eral.  He  was  president  of  the  board  of  commis 
sioners  of  public  works  of  Chicago  during  the  fire 
of  1871  ;  postmaster  of  the  city,  1873-77,  and  in 
in  1901  he  was  a  retired  manufacturer. 

flacARTHUR,  Robert  Stuart,  clergyman,  was 
born  in  Dales ville,  Quebec,  Canada,  July  31, 
1841,  of  Highland  Scotch  parents.  He  attended 
the  Canadian  Literary  Institute,  Woodstock, 
Ont.  :  and  was  graduated  from  the  University  of 
Rochester  in  1867,  and  from  the  Rochester  Theo 
logical  seminary  in  1870.  He  was  chosen  pastor 
of  the  Calvary  Baptist  church  at  New  York  city 
in  1870.  Under  his  pastorate  the  church  grew 
rapidly  and  in  1882-83  a  new  and  spacious  edifice 
was  erected  on  Fifty-Seventh  street.  The  honor 
ary  degree  of  D.D.  was  conferred  on  him  by  the 
University  of  Roche'ster  in  1880  ;  and  that  of 
LL.D.  by  Columbian  university  in  1896.  He  was 
for  a  number  of  years  the  New  York  correspond 
ent  of  the  Chicago  Standard,  and  editor  of  the 
Christian  Inquirer,  arid  of  the  Baptist  Quarterly 
Review,  and  contributed  largely  to  magazines 
and  other  publications.  His  popular  lectures, 
Tlie  Land  of  the  Midnight  Sun,  The  Story  of  flic 
Huguenot,  Glimpses  of  Sunny  Spain,  The  Empire 
of  the  Czar—the  Great  Bear  of  the  Kort'h,  and 
Elements  of  Success  in  Life,  were  repeated  in  the 
principal  cities  of  the  United  States.  He  suc 
ceeded  the  Rev.  Charles  Haddon  Spurgeon  in 
furnishing  sermons  for  the  Christian  Herald. 
He  is  the  author  of  volumes  of  sermons,  essays, 
and  travels  in  many  lands,  published  annually, 
and  he  compiled  the  Cavalry  Selection,  the  In 
Excelsis  and  other  popular  Baptist  hymn  books. 

[18' 


McAULEY,  Thomas,  educator,  was  born  in 
Ireland  in  1780.  His  parents  immigrated  to 
America  and  settled  in  Salem,  N.Y.,  where  he 
prepared  for  college.  He  was  graduated  at 
Union  college,  N.Y.,  A.B.,  1804,  and  remained 
there  as  a  tutor,  1805-06  ;  lecturer  on  mathematics 
and  natural  philosophy,  1811-14,  and  professor  of 
mathematics  and  natural  philosophy,  1814-22. 
He  was  ordained  to  the  Presbyterian  ministry 
in  1822,  and  was  pastor  of  the  Rutgers  Street 
church,  New  York  city,  1822-27,  of  the  Tenth 
church,  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  1827-33,  president  of 
the  Philadelphia  board  of  education,  1830;  and 
pastor  of  the  Murray  Street  church,  New  York 
city,  1833-40.  He  was  a  founder  of  Union  Theo 
logical  seminary,  New  York  city,  in  1836  ;  a 


UNION    THEOLOGICAL  SEMI/VARY, /M.Y. 

member  of  its  original  board  of  directors,  1836- 
40  ;  and  president  of  the  seminary  and  professor 
of  pastoral  theology,  1836-40.  As  a  prominent 
member  of  the  general  assembly  of  the  Presby 
terian  church  in  1837,  which  resulted  in  the  divi 
sion  of  the  church  into  the  new  and  old  schools, 
he  advocated  reconciliation.  He  retired  from 
active  educational  work  in  1840.  He  received  the 
honorary  degree  of  D.D.  from  Union  college  in 
1822  and  that  of  LL.D.  elsewhere.  He  died  in 
New  York  city,  May  11,  1842. 

McBRIDE,  George  Wickliffe,  senator,  was  born 
in  Yamhill  county,  Oregon,  March  13,  1854 ;  son 
of  James  and  Mahala  McBride  and  grandson  of 
Thomas  McBride.  He  attended  public  schools, 
was  a  student  at  Christian  college,  Monmouth, 
Ore.,  for  two  years,  studied  law  and  was  admitted 
to  the  bar,  but  did  not  practice.  He  engaged  in  the 
mercantile  business  at  Saint  Helen,  Ore.,  1872-82, 
and  in  June,  1882,  was  elected  Republican 
representative  in  the  state  legislature  and 
speaker,  1882  ;  secretary  of  state,  1886-95  ;  U.S. 
senator  and  chairman  of  the  committee  on  coast 
defences,  1895-1901,  and  U.S.  commissioner  to 
the  Louisiana  Purchase  exposition  at  St.  Louis, 
1904. 

MACBRIDE,  Thomas  Huston,  educator,  was 

born  in  Rogersville.  Tenn..  July  31,  1848;   son  of 

James  Bovard  and  Sarah  (Huston)  Macbride.    He 

was  graduated  from  Monmouth  college,  111.,  A.B., 

3 


McBRYDE 


McCABE 


1869,  A.M.,  1872.  He  was  appointed  professor  of 
botany  at  the  State  university  of  Iowa  in  1884  and 
spent  a  part  of  the  year  1891  in  study  in  Germany. 
He  was  married,  Dec.  31,  1874,  to  Harriet  Dif- 
fenderfer  of  Hopkinton,  Iowa.  The  honorary 
degree  of  Ph.D.  was  conferred  on  him  by  Mon- 
mouth  college.  He  was  elected  a  fellow  of  the 
American  Association  for  the  Advancement  of 
Science  and  of  the  American  Society  of  Geolo 
gists.  He  made  a  special  study  of  fungi  and  con 
tributed  botanical  articles  to  various  scientific 
magazines.  He  is  the  author  of  text  books  on 
Botany  and  The  North  American  Slime  Moulds, 
and  became  editor  of  the  Iowa  Bulletin  of  the 
Laboratories  of  Natural  History. 

flcBRYDE,  John  McLaren,  educator  and  sci 
entist,  was  born  in  Abbeville,  S.C.,  Jan.  1,  1841  ; 
son  of  John  and  Susan  (McLaren)  McBryde  ; 
grandson  of  John  and  Margaret  (Donnan)  Mc 
Bryde  and  of  Adam  and  Agnes  (McKillop)  Mc 
Laren,  and  a  descendant  of  the  distinguished 
Presbyterian  divines  John  and  Robert  McBryde 
of  Belfast,  Ireland.  His  parents  came  to  Amer 
ica  from  Scotland  between  1850  and  1830,  and 
settled  in  South  Carolina.  He  was  educated  at 
the  South  Carolina  college,  and  the  University  of 
Virginia.  He  obtained  a  commission  in  the  Con 
federate  army,  serving,  1861-03,  when  his  health 
obliged  him  to  retire.  He  was  married,  Nov.  18. 
1863,  to  Cora,  daughter  of  Dr.  James  and  Anna 
Maria  (Harrison)  Bolton  of  Richmond,  Va.  He 
was  employed  by  the  Confederate  States  treasury 
department,  1863-65.  and  at  the  close  of  the  war 
he  removed  to  Buckingham,  Va. ,  and  engaged  in 
farming.  He  removed  to  Albemarle  county  in 
1867,  where  he  pursued  scientific  studies.  He 
was  president  of  the  Belmont  Farmers'  club,  and 
was  active  in  the  organization  of  other  farmers' 
societies.  He  was  professor  of  agriculture  and 
botany  at  the  University  of  Tennessee,  1879-82  ; 
was  elected  professor  of  agriculture  and  botany 
at  the  South  Carolina  college  in  1882,  and  upon 
the  resignation  of  President  William  P.  Miles  in 
1882,  he  served  as  president,  1882-83.  He  was 
regularly  elected  to  the  office  in  May,  1883,  and 
served  in  that  capacity  until  1888.  He  was 
elected  president  of  the  University  of  Tennessee 
in  1887,  but  declined  the  honor.  In  1888  he  be 
came  president  of  the  University  of  South 
Carolina  and  director  of  the  experiment  stations 
of  South  Carolina.  In  1891  he  accepted  the 
presidency  of  the  Virginia  Polytechnic  institute 
and  the  directorship  of  its  experiment  station. 
He  declined  the  position  of  U.S.  assistant  secre 
tary  of  agriculture  in  1893.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  Miller  board  of  trustees  of  the  University  of 
Virginia  ;  corresponding  member  of  the  Elisha 
Mitchell  Scientific  society  of  North  Carolina  ; 
fellow  of  the  American  Geographical  society  and 


of  the  American  Statistical  association  and  a 
member  of  several  other  scientific  societies.  He 
received  the  degree  of  LL.D.  from  Southwestern 
Presbyterian  university  in  1884  and  that  of  Ph.D. 
from  the  University  of  Tennessee  in  1887. 

McCABE,  Charles  Cardwell,  M.E.  bishop,  was 
born  in  Athens,  Ohio,  Oct.  1 1 ,  1836  ;  son  of  Robert 
and  Sarah  Cardwell  (Robinson)  McCabe  and 
grandson  of  Robert  McCabe,  who  emigrated  from 
Ireland  and  settled  in  Tyrone  county,  Pa.,  and  of 
Richard  and  A.  (Cardwell)  Robinson  of  England. 
He  attended  the  pub 
lic  schools  of  Athens, 
and  the  Ohio  Wes- 
leyari  university,  Del 
aware,  Ohio,  but  left 
before  completing 
the  course  on  account 
of  ill  health.  He 
was  married,  July  5, 
1860.  to  Rebecca 
Peters  of  Ironton, 
Ohio.  He  was  a 
teacher  of  the  High 
school  at  Ironton, 
1860-61  ;  pastor  of 
the  Methodist  Epis 
copal  church  at  Put 
nam,  Ohio,  1861-62;  chaplain  of  the  122d  Ohio 
volunteers,  1862-63  ;  pastor  at  Portsmouth,  Ohio, 
1865-68;  secretary  of  the  Church  Extension  so 
ciety  of  the  M.E.  church,  1868-84;  secretary  of 
the  missionary  society  of  the  M.E.  church,  1884- 
96,  and  was  chosen  a  bishop  in  the  Methodist 
Episcopal  church  in  1896. 

McCABE,  James  Dabney,  author,  was  born 
in  Richmond,  Va.,  July  30,  1842  :  son  of  the  Rev. 
James  Dabney  McCabe  (born  1808,  died  1875),  who 
was  a  Methodist  clergyman,  received  orders  in 
the  Protestant  Episcopal  church  in  1856.  was  as 
sociate  rector  of  St.  Paul's.  Baltimore,  Md..  and 
rector  of  various  other  churches  in  Maryland, 
twice  declining  election  as  bishop.  James  at 
tended  the  Virginia  Military  institute  and  joined 
the  Confederate  army  in  1861.  He  was  a  con 
tributor  to  and  in  1863-64,  editor  of  the  Magnolia 
Weekly.  He  is  the  author  of:  Fanaticism  and 
its  Results  (1860);  The  Aide-de-Camp  (1863);  The 
Bohemian  (1863) ;  Life  of  Gen.  Thomas  J.  Jackson 
(1863);  Memoir  of  Gen.  Albert  S.  Johnston  (1866); 
Life  and  Campaigns  of  Gen.  Robert  E.  Lee 
(1867);  The  Grey  Jackets  (1867);  Planting  the 
Wilderness  (1869):  History  of  the  late  War  be 
tween  Germany  and  France  (1871);  Lights  and 
Shadouis  of  New  York  Life  (1872);  The  Great 
Republic  (1872):  A  History  of  the  Grange  Move 
ment  (1874);  Paris  by  Sunlight  and  Gaslight 
(1875);  Centennial  History  of  the  United  States 
(1875);  Pathways  of  the  Holy  Land  (1877);  His- 


[1881 


Mc'CABE 


McCALEB 


tort/  of  tlie  Tarko-Russian  War  (1879);  Our 
Young  Folks  Abroad  (1881 );  Oar  Young  Folks  in 
Africa  (1883).  He  also  wrote  Sword  of  Harry 
Lee,  and  other  war  poems  ;  and  three  war  plays, 
produced  at  the  Richmond  theatre,  1 862-03.  He 
died  in  German  town.  Pa.,  Jan.  27,  1883. 

HcCABE,  John  Collins,  clergyman,  was  born 
in  Richmond,  Va.,  Nov.  12,  1810.  Ho  left  school 
to  take  a  position  in  a  Richmond  bank.  lie  was 
prepared  for  the  priesthood  by  Bishop  Meade  ; 
was  ordained  in  184.1,  and  was  rector  of  Christ 
church.  Smithfield,  Va...,  1845-50;  and  of  St. 
Johns,  parish  of  Elizabeth  City,  Hampton,  Va., 
1850-55.  He  made  abstracts  from  the  parish 
registers  for  an  "  Early  History  of  the  Church 
in  Virginia  "  and  transferred  his  manuscript  to 
Bishop  Meade  for  use  in  compiling  his  "  Churches, 
Ministers  and  Families  of  Virginia  "  (1857).  Dr. 
McCabe  was  chairman  of  the  state  yellow  fever 
committee  in  1855.  He  removed  to  Maryland  in 
1856,  was  rector  in  Baltimore,  1856-59:  and  in 
Anne  Arundel  county,  1859-61.  He  was  chaplain 
of  a  Virginia  regiment  in  the  Confederate  army, 
1861-63,  and  chaplain  of  Libby  prison,  Richmond, 
Va.,  1862-65.  He  returned  to  Maryland  at  the 
close  of  the  war;  was  pastor  of  St.  Matthew's, 
Bladensburg,  1865-67;  of  St.  Anne's,  Middle- 
town,  Del.,  1867-72  and  of  Trinity,  Chambers- 
burg,  Pa.,  1872-75.  The  degree  of  D.D.  was 
conferred  on  him  by  the  College  of  William  and 
Mary  in  1855.  He  is  the  author  of  several  poems, 
collected  under  the  title  of  Scraps  (1835):  and 
contributed  papers  on  colonial  history  to  period 
icals.  He  died  in  Chambersburg,  Pa.,  Feb.  26,  1^75. 

McCABE,  Lorenzo  Dow,  educator,  was  born 
in  Marietta,  Ohio,  Jan.  7,  1817  ;  son  of  Robert 
and  Mary  (McCracken)  McCabe,  and  grandson  of 
Alexander  McCracken.  He  was  graduated  from 
Ohio  university,  A.B.,  184:!,  A.M.,  1846.  He 
joined  the  Ohio  conference  of  the  Methodist  Epis 
copal  church  in  1843;  preached,  1843-44;  was 
professor  of  mathematics  and  mechanical  philo 
sophy  in  Ohio  university,  1844—45  ;  professor  of 
mathematics  and  mechanical  philosophy  in  Ohio 
Wesleyan  university,  1845-60;  professor  of  bibli 
cal  literature  and  moral  philosophy.  1860-64; 
professor  of  philosophy,  1864-71  ;  vice-president 
of  the  university,  1871-73 ;  acting  president, 
1873-76,  and  again  1888-89.  and  emeritus  profes 
sor  of  philosophy  and  vice-president,  1889-97. 
The  honorary  degree  of  D.D.  was  conferred  on 
him  by  Allegheny  college  in  1855  and  that  of 
LL.D.  by  Syracuse  university  in  1875.  He  is  the 
author  of:  Philosophy  of  Holiness  (1875);  Fore 
knowledge,  of  God  and  Cognate  Themes  (1879); 
Divine  Nescience  of  Future  Contingencies  a  Ne 
cessity  (1882);  Light  on  the  Pathway  of  Holiness 
(1892):  St.  Peter  the  Rock;  and  magazine  arti 
cles.  He  died  in  Delaware.  Ohio,  June  18,  1897. 


McCABE,  William  Gordon,  educator,  was 
born  near  Richmond,  Va.,  Aug.  4.  1841  ;  son  of 
the  Rev.  John  Collins  and  Sophie  Gordon  (Taylor) 
McCabe  ;  grandson  of  Col.  James  Taylor,  of  Vir 
ginia,  and  great2  grandson  of  George  Taylor,  the 
signer.  He  attended  the  preparatory  academy  at 
Hampton,  Va.,  and  was  graduated  from  the  Uni 
versity  of  Virginia  in  1861.  He  enlisted  in  the 
Confederate  army  and  served  as  a  private,  1861- 
62,  and  as  captain  of  artillery,  3d  army  corps, 
Army  of  Northern  Virginia,  1862-65.  Shortly  after 
the  close  of  the  war  he  established  at  Petersburg, 
Va.,  the  University  School,  of  which  he  was 
elected  head  master,  and  subsequently  removed  it 
to  Richmond,  Va.  He  was  married,  April  9, 1867, 
to  Jenny  Pleasants  Harrison  Osborne,  of  Rich 
mond,  Va.  The  honorary  degree  of  A.M.  was 
conferred  on  him  by  the  College  of  William  and 
Mary  in  1868  and  by  Williams  college,  Mass.,  in 
1889,  and  that  of  Litt.D.  by  Yale  in  1897.  He 
translated  Wilhelm  Brambach's  Latin  Ortliog- 
rapliy  (1872);  compiled  and  edited  a  volume  of 
verses  under  the  title  of  Ballads  of  Battle  and 
Bravery  (1873),  and  is  the  author  of:  The  De 
fense  of  Petersburg,  Campaign  of  1864-lJo  (1876); 
Latin  Grammar  (1883);  Latin  Reader  (1886);  Vir 
ginia  Scliools  (1900)  ;  and  edited  a  volume  of 
CVp.sw's  Gallic  War  (1886)  and  Horace's  Works. 

flcCAFFREY,  John,  educator,  was  born  in 
Emmitsburg,  Md.,  Sept.  6,  180(5.  He  attended 
the  Theological  Seminary  of  St.  Snlpice  and  St. 
Mary's  university  in  Baltimore,  Md..  and  was  or 
dained  priest  in  1838.  He  was  elected  president 
of  Mount  St.  Mary's  college  in  1838  and  began 
the  erection  of  a  church  there,  besides  intro 
ducing  many  improvements  to  the  college  build 
ings  and  grounds.  He  was  twice  offered  a 
bishopric,  but  declined.  He  delivered  a  course 
of  literary  and  philosophical  lectures  before  the 
Philomathean  society  of  the  college  and  subse 
quently  before  the  Catholic  association  of  Balti 
more,  which  attracted  much  attention  and  were 
published.  He  prepared  a  series  of  catechisms. 
He  died  in  Emmitsburg,  Md.,  Sept.  25,  1882. 

flcCALEB,  Theodore  Howard,  educator,  was 
born  in  Pendleton  District,  S.C.,  Feb.  10,  1810; 
son  of  David  and  Matilda  (Farrar)  McCaleb ; 
grandson  of  Capt.  William  (1747-1813)  and  Anne 
(McKey)  McCaleb  and  of  Col.  Thomas  and  Mar 
garet  (Prince)  Farrar,  of  South  Carolina  ;  and 
great-grandson  of  William  McCaleb,  who  fought 
at  Culloden  in  1746  ;  in  1747  immigrated  with  his 
family  to  Pendleton  District,  S.C.,  where  his  son 
William  was  born  the  same  year,  and  served  in  the 
American  Revolution  as  captain  of  horse  in  the 
battles  of  Charleston,  Ninety-six,  Gnilford  C.II., 
and  in  the  siege  of  Savannah,  where  he  was 
wounded.  He  was  afterward  a  delegate  to  the 
South  Carolina  convention  which  ratified  the 


[180] 


MCCALEB 


McCALL 


constitution  of  the  United  States,  representing 
the  south  side  of  Saluda  river  district  and  voting 
for  the  ratification.  Col.  Thomas  Farrar  served 
under  General  Pickens,  and  at  the  close  of  the 
war  was  in  command  of  Fort  Ninety-six.  Theo 
dore  Howard  McCaleb  was  prepared  for  college 
at  Exeter  academy 
and  was  matriculated 
at  Yale,  but  left  be 
fore  graduation  to 
take  up  the  study  of 
la\v  in  New  Orleans, 
where  he  succeeded 
his  brother  Thomas 
Farrar  McCaleb 

(q.v.),  1832-41.  He 
was  appointed  in  1841 
by  President  Tyler 
U.S.  district  judge 
for  Louisiana. but  con 
gress  in  1846  passed 
an  act  making  his 
court  the  U.S.  district 
court  for  the  eastern  district  of  Louisiana,  and 
he  was  reappointed  by  President  Polk  in  1846  and 
held  tiie  office  until  the  secession  of  the  state  in 
1861.  In  addition  to  his  judicial  duties  he  served 
as  president  of  the  University  of  Louisiana,  1850- 
54,  and  dean  and  professor  of  admiralty  and  in 
ternational  law  in  its  law  department.  He  de 
livered  orations  at  the  dedication  of  Lyceum 
hall  ;  at  the  obsequies  of  Henry  Clay,  and  at  the 
unveiling  of  the  Clay  statue  on  Canal  street,  New 
Orleans,  and  a  eulogy  on  Sargeant  S.  Prentiss. 
He  entertained  notable  visitors  at  New  Or 
leans,  including  Thackeray,  Macready,  Cha 
teaubriand  and  De  Tocqueville.  He  received  the 
honorary  degree  of  LL.D.  from  Centenary  college, 
Louisiana.  He  died  at  his  plantation"  Hermit 
age,"  Claiborne  county,  Miss.,  in  1864. 

McCALEB,  Thomas  Farrar,  lawyer,  was  born 
at  Pendleton  C.H.,  S.C..  Nov.  29.  1795  ;  eldest  son 
of  Capt.  David  and  Matilda  (Farrar)  McCaleb. 
He  was  graduated  at  the  College  of  New  Jersey, 
Princeton,  in  1818,  and  established  himself  in  the 
practice  of  law  in  New  Orleans,  La.,  where  he 
was  counsel  in  nearly  every  important  case  before 
the  supreme  court  of  the  state  and  was  attorney 
for  Donaldson,  founder  of  Donaldsonville,  La., 
and  for  John  MoDonough,  the  eccentric  philan 
thropist.  In  1830  he  came  within  one  vote  of 
being  elected  U.S.  senator,  being  defeated  by 
Robert  Carter  Nicholas.  He  was  elected  secre 
tary  of  state  of  Louisiana  in  1831.  He  died  of 
cholera  in  New  Orleans.  La.,  Nov.  5,  1832. 

McCALL,  Edward  R.,  naval  officer,  was  born 
in  Charleston,  S.C.,  Aug.  5.  1790.  He  was  war 
ranted  midshipman  in  the  U.S.  navy,  Jan.  1,  1808, 
and  served  on  the  brig  Enterprise,  commanded 


Philadelphia  be- 


by  Lieut.  Johnston  Blakely,  and  subsequently  by 
Lieut.  William  Burrows.  He  was  second  in  com 
mand  in  the  engagement  with  the  Boxer,  Sept.  4, 
1813,  having  been  promoted  lieutenant,  March  11, 
1813.  When  Lieutenant  Burrows  was  mortally 
wounded  early  in  that  engagement  the  command 
fell  on  Lieutenant  McCall,  who  received  the  sur 
render  of  the  British  brig  and  was  awarded  a 
gold  medal  by  congress.  He  was  promoted  mas 
ter  commandant  March  3,  1825,  and  captain, 
March  3,  1835.  He  died  in  Bordentown,  N.J., 
July  31,  1853. 

McCALL,  George  Archibald,  soldier,  was  born 
in  Philadelphia,  Pa,.  March  16.  1802;  son  of 
Archibald  and  Elizabeth  (Cadwalader)  McCall ; 
grandson  of  Archibald  and  Judith  (Kemble) 
McCall,  and  great-grandson  of  George  and  Ann 
(Yeates)  McCall,  who  came  t( 
fore  1700.  He  was 
graduated  from  the 
U.S.  Military  acad 
emy  in  1822  ;  was 
promoted  1st  lieu 
tenant,  Jan.  25,  1829, 
and  was  aide  de-camp 
to  Gen.  E.  P.  Gaines 
in  the  Seminole  war, 
1831-36.  He  was  pro 
moted  captain,  Sept. 
21,  1836  ;  was  in  com 
mand  of  the  4th  in 
fantry  on  its  march 
from  Tampa,  Fla., 
to  Fort  Gibson,  Ind. 
Ty.,  1838-39,  and 
served  at  Fort  Gibson,  1839-41.  He  partici 
pated  in  the  second  war  with  the  Seminole  In 
dians,  1841-42  ;  was  in  garrison  at  Jefferson  Bar 
racks,  Mo.,  1842-43,  and  at  Fort  Scott,  Kan..  1843- 
45.  He  served  in  the  military  occupation  of  Texas, 
1845-46,  and  participated  in  the  battles  of  Palo 
Alto,  Mexico,  May  8,  and  Resaca  de  la  Palma, 
May  9,  1846,  receiving  the  brevet  of  major  and 
lieutenant-colonel  for  gallant  conduct.  He  served 
as  chief  of  staff  and  assistant  adjutant-general  to 
General  Patterson,  1846-47,  participating  in  the 
siege  of  Vera  Cruz,  March  9-29.  1847.  He  was 
promoted  major  and  assigned  to  the  3d  infantry, 
Dec.  26,  1847  ;  was  made  inspector-general  with 
the  rank  of  colonel.  June  10,  1850  :  was  on  duty 
at  Washington,  D.C.,  1850-51,  and  on  a  tour  of 
inspection  in  California  and  Oregon  in  1852.  He 
resigned  from  the  regular  army,  April  29,  1853, 
and  engaged  in  farming  at  Belair,  West  Chester, 
Pa.  He  was  commissioned  major-general  of 
Pennsylvania  volunteers,  May  15,  1861.  and  com 
manded  the  Pennsylvania  reserve  corps,  and  his 
division  formed  the  extreme  right  of  the  Federal 
line  of  defence  before  Washington,  D.C.  He  was 


McCALL 


MeCALLA 


commissioned  brigadier-general  U.S.  volunteers, 
May  17,  1801,  and  participated  in  the  action  at 
Dranesville,  Va.,  Dec.  20,  1861.  He  commanded 
the  3d  division  of  Fitz  John  Porter's  5th  corps  in 
the  Seven  Days'  battles,  June  25-30.  1802,  and  at 
the  battle  of  Median icsville,  June  26,  1862,  he 
commanded  the  entire  force  engaged.  He  led 
his  brigade  in  the  battle  of  Gaines's  Mill,  June 
27,  1862,  and  at  the  battle  of  New  Market  Cross 
Roads,  June  30,  1862.  where  he  was  taken  pris 
oner.  He  wus  confined  in  Libby  prison.  Rich 
mond,  Va..  June  27  to  Aug.  IS,  1802,  and  was  on 
sick  leave  of  absence  from  Aug.  18.  1N02.  to 
March  31,  1863,  when  lie  resigned  his  commission 
and  retired  to  his  farm  at  Belair,  Pa.  In  August, 
1862,  the  citizens  of  Chester  county  presented 
him  with  a  sword  and  in  the  autumn  of  1804  he 
was  the  Democratic  candidate  for  representative 
from  his  district  in  the  39th  congress.  He  is  the 
author  of:  Letters  from  the  Frontier  (published 
posthumously.  180S).  lie  died  in  Belair,  Pa.,  Feb. 
26.  18158. 

McCALL,  Peter,  law  instructor,  was  bom  in 
Trenton,  N.J.,  .Vug.  31,  1809;  son  of  Peter  and 
Sarah  (Gibson)  McCall.  and  grandson  of  Archi 
bald  and  Judith  (Kemble)  McCall.  He  was  grad 
uated  from  the  College  of  New  Jersey,  A.B.,  1820, 
A.M.,  1829.  He  studied  law  under  J.  R,  Ingersoll  ; 
and  practised  in  Philadelphia,  1831-80.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  city  council  for  several  years  and 
mayor  of  the  city.  1844-45.  He  was  a  vice-pro 
vost  of  the  Law  Academy  of  Philadelphia  for 
thirty  years  ;  professor  of  pleading  and  practice 
in  the  law  department  of  the  University  of  Penn 
sylvania  and  a  trustee  of  the  university,  1801-80. 
He  delivered  many  addresses,  including  Iyrogress 
(ind  Influence  of  the  Society  of  Friends  in  Phila 
delphia  (1832);  Rise  and  Progress  of  Civil  Society 
(1830);  History  of  Pennsylvania  Lain  and  Equity 
(1838).  He  died  in  Philadelphia.  Oct.  30,  1880. 

McCALL,  Samuel  Walker,  representative, 
was  born  in  East  Providence,  Pa.,  Feb.  28.  1851  ; 
son  of  Henry  and  Mary  Ann  (Elliott)  McCall, 
and  grandson  of  William  McCall.  He  passed 
his  early  life  in  Illinois  ;  prepared  for  college 
at  New  Hampton,  N.H.,  academy  :  was  grad 
uated  from  Dartmouth  college  in  1874  ;  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1876,  and  began  prac 
tice  in  Boston.  He  was  editor  of  the  Boston 
Daily  Advertiser ;  was  a  representative  in  the 
state  legislature,  188S.  1889  and  1892;  was  presi 
dent  of  the  Republican  state  convention  of  Massa 
chusetts  in  1896  ;  was  a  delegate  to  the  Republi 
can  national  conventions  that  met  in  Chicago, 
June  19.  1888,  and  in  Philadelphia.  1900.  and  a 
representative  from  the  eight  district  of  Massa 
chusetts  in  the  53d-57th  congresses.  1893-1903. 
He  is  the  author  of  Thaddeus  Stevens  (1899)  in  the 
"  American  Statesman  Series.'' 


McCALLA,  Bowman  Hendry,  naval  officer, 
was  born  in  Camden,  N.J.,  June  19,  1844  ;  son  of 
Auley  and  Mary  Duftield  (Hendry)  McCalla ; 
grandson  of  Auley  and  Hannah  (Gibbon)  Mc 
Calla  and  of  Dr.  Bowman  and  Elizabeth  (Duf 
tield)  Hendry  ;  great-grandson  of  Thomas  and 

—  (Bowman)  Hen- 
dry,  and  a  descend 
ant  of  John  and  Jane 
McCalla,  who  came 
from  Scotland  in 
1750  with  a  grant  of 
land  in  Pennsylvania 
and  settled  in  Mont 
gomery  county,  af 
terward  removing  to 
Roadstown,  N.J.  He 
was  graduated  at  the 
U.S.  Naval  academy 
in  November,  1864; 
and  was  promoted 
master,  Dec.  1,  1806. 
He  served  on  the 
training  ship  Sabine  on  the  Atlantic  station, 
1867-68 ;  was  promoted  lieutenant,  March  12, 
1868;  served  on  the  Tuscarora  of  the  South 
Pacific  and  North  Atlantic  squadrons,  1868-71, 
and  was  promoted  lieutenant-commander,  March 
26,  1869.  He  was  attached  to  the  irabaxli,  flag 
ship  of  the  European  squadron,  1871-72  ;  to  the 
\\aehnsett  of  the  European  fleet  in  1873.  and  was 
on  duty  at  the  U.S.  Naval  academy,  1874-78.  He 
was  married,  March  3.  1875,  to  Elizabeth  Hazard, 
daughter  of  Gen.  Horace  Binney  Sargent,  of  Bos 
ton,  Mass.  He  served  on  the  Poirhatan  of  the 
North  Atlantic  station,  1878-81  ;  was  assistant  to 
the  bureau  of  navigation,  1881-87  ;  was  promoted 
commander,  November,  1884,  and  commanded 
the  naval  force  on  the  Isthmusof  Panama  in  1885. 
He  commanded  the  Enterprise  on  the  European 
station,  1887-90,  and  in  the  latter  year  while 
holding  this  command  he  was  convicted  by  court- 
martial  of  striking  a  mutinous  sailor  with  the 
back  of  his  sword  and  was  sentenced  to  be  sus 
pended  from  rank  and  duty  for  three  years.  In 
1891  Secretary  Tracy  remitted  the  tin  ex  pi  red  por 
tion  of  his  sentence.  He  was  granted  a  full  and 
unconditional  pardon  by  President  McKinley, 
March  13.  1900.  He  was  on  duly  at  the  Mare  Island 
navy  yard,  1893-97:  was  instructor  at  the  war 
college.  1897:  commanded  the  protected  cruiser 
Marltleliead.  1897-98.  and  sei/.ed  the  British  steam 
ship  Adnla  in  Cuban  waters,  June.  1898,  on  the 
claim  that  the  vessel  was  violating  the  blockade, 
and  served  in  the  North  Atlantic  squadron  dur 
ing  the  war  with  Spain.  Tie  was  promoted  cap 
tain  and  advanced  seven  numbers.  Aug.  10.  1898, 
for  heroic  and  distinguished  services  during  the 
Spanish -American  war,  and  this  restored  him  to 


McCANDLESS 


McCARTEE 


the  number  and  rank   lie  had  held   in  the   navy       July  4,  1862,  he   captured  the   Confederate  gun- 


prior  to  the  court-martial.  He  was  transferred 
from  the  Marblekead  to  the  Norfolk  navy  yard 
in  October,  1898,  served  as  captain  of  the  yard 
and  ma:le  the  unsuccessful  effort  to  bring  into 
that  yard  the  Spanish  cruiser  Maria  Teresa, 
which  had  been  abandoned  off  Cat  Island  by  the 
wrecking  company  in  November,  1898.  While 
in  command  of  the  Newark  he  received  the  sur 
render  of  the  provinces  of  Cagayan  and  Isabella, 
with  the  Batan  Isles  at  Aparri,  P. I.,  Dec.  11, 
1899,  from  General  Tirona,  in  command  of  the 
insurgent  troops,  and  appointed  the  captured 
general  civil  governor  of  the  province,  subject  to 
the  approval  of  General  Otis.  He  was  ordered  to 
China  in  1900  and  commanded  the  American  sea 
men  and  marines  in  Admiral  Seymour's  unsuc 
cessful  expedition  for  the  relief  of  Pekin,  and 
Admiral  Seymour  in  writing  to  Admiral  Kempff 
after  the  expedition  spoke  in  high  commendation 
of  his  gallant  conduct. 

McCANDLESS,  Wilson,  jurist,  was  born  in 
Pittsburg,  Pa.,  June  19,  1810  ;  of  Scotch-Irish  de 
scent.  He  was  graduated  at  the  Western  Univer 
sity  of  Pennsylvania  in  1826 ;  practised  law  in 
Pittsburg,  1831-59  ;  and  was  United  States  judge 
for  the  Western  District  of  Pennsylvania,  1859-76. 
He  received  the  honorary  degree  of  LL.D.  from 
Union  college,  Schenectady,  N.Y.,  in  1862. 
He  was  a  presidential  elector  from  the  state  at 
large  on  the  Democratic  ticket  in  1844,  1853  and 
1856,  and  served  twice  as  president  of  the  elec 
toral  college  of  the  state.  He  was  also  chairman 
of  the  Pennsylvania  delegation  to  the  Democratic 
national  convention  at  Baltimore.  Md.,  May  22, 
1848.  He  delivered  the  address  of  welcome  to 
John  Quincy  Adams  on  his  visit  to  Pittsburg  in 
1883,  and  the  oration  on  General  Jackson's  death, 
1848.  He  died  in  Pittsburg,  Pa.,  June  30,  1882. 

McCANN,  William  Penn,  naval  officer,  was 
born  in  Paris,  Ky.,  May  4,  1830.  He  was  ap 
pointed  a  midshipman  in  the  U.S.  navy  in  1848  ; 
was  promoted  passed  midshipman,  June  15. 1854  ; 
lieutenant,  Sept.  16,  1855  ;  and  was  lieutenant  and 
navigator  of  the  Sabine,  flagship  of  the  Brazil 
squadron  on  the  Paraguay  expedition,  1858-59, 
and  also  on  a  cruise  in  the  West  Indies  and  Gulf 
of  Mexico,  1859-61.  He  was  stationed  at  Vera 
Cruz  at  the  outbreak  of  the  civil  war,  and  in. 
April,  1861,  re-enforced  Fort  Pickens  with  Bailors 
and  marines.  He  remained  off  the  fort  for  one 
hundred  and  twenty-seven  days,  and  in  June, 
1861,  assisted  in  landing  reinforcements  under 
Col.  Harvey  Brown.  He  remained  with  the  Sa 
bine  on  blockading  duty  on  the  South  Carolina 
coast,  1861-62;  commanded  the  gunboat  Mara- 
tanza  at  the  siege  of  Yorktown  in  April.  1862, 
and  was  relieved  by  Commander  Stevens  in  1862. 
but  remained  on  board  as  executive  officer.  On 


boat  Teazer,  with  plans  of  the  batteries,  torpe 
does  and  defences  of  Richmond.  He  was  pro 
moted  lieutenant-commander,  July  16,  1862,  and 
commanded  the  Hunchback  and  a  fleet  of  five 
gunboats  in  the  sounds  of  North  Carolina,  1862- 
63.  He  commanded  the  Kennebec  of  the  West 
Gulf  blockading  squadron  in  the  Mobile  blockade, 
1863-64,  and  the  Taltonut  in  1865,  when  she  was 
disabled  by  a  gale  and  returned  to  Boston.  He 
commanded  the  Tallupoosa,  West  Gulf  squadron, 
1866-67;  naval  rendezvous  and  yard  at  Philadel 
phia,  1867-70.  and  commanded  the  Nipxic  of  the 
North  Atlantic  squadron,  1871-72.  He  was  pro 
moted  commander,  July  2,  1872,  to  rank  from 
July  25,  1866,  and  was  advanced  sixteen  numbers. 
He  was  stationed  at  the  navy  yard,  Norfolk,  Va., 
in  1873  ;  was  lighthouse  inspector,  1873-76  ;  pro 
moted  captain,  Sept.  21,  1876  ;  commanded  the 
Lackawanna  on  the  Pacific  station,  1877-78  ;  the 
receiving  ship  Independence  in  California,  1879- 
81  ;  and  the  flagship  Pensacohi,  Pacific  station, 
1881-82  ;  was  assigned  to  court-martial  duty  in 
1883,  and  served  on  the  lighthouse  board,  1883-87. 
He  was  president  of  the  naval  advisory  board, 
1885-87  ;  was  promoted  commodore,  Jan.  26, 1887  ; 
commanded  the  Boston  naval  station,  1887-90, 
and  was  president  of  the  navy  yard  site  commis 
sion  and  president  of  the  board  on  the  policy  for 
the  increase  of  the  navy.  'He  commanded  the 
South  Pacific  station,  1890-91,  and  in  June,  1S91, 
having  five  U.S.  cruisers  under  his  command,  he 
enforced  the  surrender  of  the  steamer  Itata,  laden 
with  arms  and  ammunition  smuggled  out  of  the 
port  of  San  Diego,  Cal.,  and  transferred  to  the 
Itata.  He  sent  the  captured  vessel  back  to  San 
Diego,  and  for  this  act  received  the  thanks  and 
commendation  of  the  navy  department.  He  was 
president  of  the  retiring  board,  1891-92,  and  was 
retired  in  May,  1892,  with  the  rank  of  commo 
dore.  He  served  during  the  war  with  Spain, 
1898,  as  president  of  the  board  of  inquiry  and 
court-martial  and  as  prize  commissioner  of  the 
southern  district  of  New  York. 

McCARTEE,  Divie  Bethune,  pioneer  mis 
sionary,  educator,  sinologue,  and  diplomatist, 
was  born  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Jan.  13,  1820:  son 
of  the  Rev.  Robert  (q.v.)  and  Jessit-  Graham 
(Bethune)  McCartee.  and  grandson  of  Peter  and 
Mary  (McDowell)  McCartee,  and  of  Divie  and 
Joanna  (Graham)  Bethune.  He  read  both  law 
and  theology  in  his  father's  library  ;  attended 
lectures  on  chemistry  and  physics  given  by  Pro 
fessor  Steele.  was  a  student  at  Columbia  college 
three  years,  leaving  for  the  purpose  of  studying 
medicine,  and  was  graduated  at  the  University 
of  Pennsylvania,  M.D.,  with  distinction  in  1840, 
meantime  practising  at  Port  Carbon,  Pa.,  with 
Dr.  Z.  Prall,  who  was  also  his  medical  preceptor, 


[192] 


McCAKTEE 


McCAKTEE 


•work   he   was 
Ningpo  and  Chefoo. 


1837-41.  He  visited  Detroit,  Mich.,  1841-42,  did 
a  year's  post  graduate  work  at  Blockley  hospital, 
1H42-43,  and  in  October,  1843,  was  sent  by  the 
Presbyterian  board  as  medical  missionary  to 
Ningpo,  Cliina,  which  place  he  reached  June  20, 
1844.  He  was  the  first  Protestant  missionary  to 

make  a  prolonged 
residence  in  that 
city,  1844-72,  (includ 
ing  short  periods  in 
Chefoo,  Shanghai  and 
the  United  States) 
and  in  that  time  ac 
quired  a  thorough 
knowledge  of  the  life, 
language  and  litera 
ture  of  China.  He 
was  married  at  Ning 
po.  in  1853,  to  Juana 
M.  Knight,  who  sur 
vived  him.  While 
engaged  in  his  evan 
gelical  and  medical 
also  acting  U.S.  consul  at  both 
In  18(51  during  the  T'aiping 
rebellion  lie  accompanied  Flag-Officer  Stribling, 
U.S.N.,  with  his  small  squadron  to  Nanking; 
and  obtaining  personal  access  to  the  "  Heavenly 
King  "or  rebel  chieftain,  secured  his  guarantee 
of  protection  from  the  rebels  for  all  Americans 
in  China,  and  for  all  Chinese  in  their  employ  or 
care.  He  also  received  from  him  a  sealed  docu 
ment  which  when  shown  to  the  rebel  force  enter 
ing  Ningpo,  released  many  native  Christians,  and 
prevented  much  threatened  massacre.  In  1865 
he  effected  the  settlement  of  a  difficult  diplo 
matic  dispute  reported  in  U.S.  Foreign  Relations 
for  1XMJ.  He  resigned  his  connection  with  the 
Ningpo  mission  in  1872  to  take  charge  of  the 
Presbyterian  mission  press  at  Shanghai  ;  but 
soon  became  interpreter  and  U.S.  assessor  in  the 
mixed  court  at  Shanghai.  At  that  time  the 
Jlarid  Luz,  a  Peruvian  vessel  en  route  from 
Macao  to  Peru  with  300  Chinese  coolies,  was 
driven  into  the  harbor  of  Yokohama  by  a  ty 
phoon,  and  the  coolies  appealed  successfully  to 
the  Japanese  government  for  rescue.  But  that 
they  might  not  remain  a  charge  to  the  Japanese, 
the  Toatai  of  Shanghai,  at  Dr.  McCartee's  sug 
gestion,  memoralized  the  Viceroy,  who  appointed 
the  Chinese  judge  of  the  mixed  court  with  Dr. 
McCartee  as  advisor  to  proceed  to  Japan  and  re 
ceive  the  coolies.  This  was  the  first  time  in 
some  centuries  that  an  envoy  from  Cliina  had 
been  sent  to  Japan,  and  their  mission  was  en 
tirely  successful.  For  this  service  he  received 
from  the  Chinese  government  a  gold  medal  and 
a  complimentary  letter.  At  the  instance  of  Dr. 
Guido  F.  Verbeck,  then  advisor  to  the  Japanese 


department  of  education,  Dr.  McCartee  was  ap 
pointed  professor  of  law  and  natural  science  in 
the  incipient  University  of  Tokio ;  there  lie 
served,  1872-77,  resigned  in  1877,  and  became 
vice  U.S.  consul-general,  U.S.  assessor  of  mixed 
court,  and  director  of  mails  in  the  consulate  at 
Shanghai,  for  the  next  six  months,  during  a  dif 
ficult  exigency  of  the  consulate.  In  November, 
1877,  he  became  foreign  advisor  of  the  first  Chi 
nese  legation  to  Japan,  with  rank  of  secretary  of 
legation  ;  and  in  1879,  at  the  request  of  Gen. 
U.S.  Grant,  then  in  Japan,  he  suggested  the 
plan  of  settlement  of  the  Loo  Choo  Islands  dis 
pute  that  was  adopted.  At  this  time  he  wrote 
the  series  of  letters  entitled  Audi  Alteram  Par- 
tern,  published  first  in  the  Japan  Gazette,  and 
afterward  in  pamphlet,  and  translated  into  Chi 
nese.  He  also  did  all  the  translating  into  the 
Chinese  character  of  the  English,  French  and  Jap 
anese  documents,  which  the  legation  handled. 
He  was  given  the  title  of  Honorary  Consul-Gen- 
eral  by  the  Chinese  government.  In  May,  1880, 
he  resigned  his  position  and  returned  to  the 
United  States,  where  he  acted  as  foreign  advisor 
to  the  Japanese  legation  at  Washington  for 
some  time.  In  May,  1887,  he  visited  Japan, 
spending  the  summer  there,  and  then  a  year  in 
Amoy,  where  he  was  engaged  in  missionary  work. 
He  accepted  an  appointment  to  the  East  Japan 
mission  by  the  Presbyterian  board  in  April,  1889. 
In  October,  1899,  he  left  Japan  for  San  Francisco, 
where  he  arrived,  and  celebrated  his  80th  birth 
day,  Jan.  13,  1900.  He  translated  the  Book  of 
Jeremiah's  Lamentations  from  the  Original  He 
brew  into  Chinese,  to  complete  the  Bridgman- 
Culbertson  Version  of  the  Bible  (1862);  and 
wrote  and  translated  numerous  brief  tracts,  and 
some  more  extended  works,  religious  and  educa 
tional,  in  Chinese  and  Japanese.  He  also  contri 
buted  to  the  Transactions  of  the  China  Branch 
of  the  Royal  Asiatic  Society ;  was  a  member  of 
other  learned  societies  including  the  American 
Oriental  society  and  the  Natural  History  society 
of  Portland  ;  and  corresponding  member  of  the 
Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia 
and  of  the  Department  of  Archaeology  of  the 
University  of  Pennsylvania.  His  tract,  An  Easy 
Introduction  to  Christianity,  first  written  in 
Chinese  in  1831,  and  translated  into  Japanese 
and  Korean,  is  one  of  the  most  widely  circulated 
and  influential  of  Protestant  tracts  in  those 
languages.  This  was  remodelled  and  enlarged 
by  him  in  Japanese,  and  called  TJie  Way  of  Truth 
( 1890) .  In  this  form  20,000  copies  had  been  used  up 
to  1901.  He  left  two  books  in  MS.  :  Personal  Re 
miniscences,  and  Critical  and  Exegetical  Notes  on 
the  New  Testament  with  Especial  Reference  to  the 
Chinese  Characters  Used  in  the  Japanese  Protes 
tant  Version.  The , Japan  Evangelist,  Yokohama, 


[193] 


McCARTEE 


McCAULEY 


November,  1898,  has  an  extended  account  of  Dr. 
McCartee's  life  written  by  E.  R.  Miller  of  Tokyo. 
He  died  in  Sail  Francisco,  Cal.,  July  17.  1900. 

McCARTEE,  Robert,  clergyman,  was  born  in 
New  York  city.  Sept.  30,  1790  ;  son  of  Peter  and 
Mary  (McDowell)  MeCartee  ;  grandson  of  Finlay 
McEaclian  ;  and  a  great-grandson  of  Angus  Mc- 
Eaehan,  of  Islay.  Argyllshire,  Scotland,  wlio  in 
1757  came  to  America  as  a  political  refugee, 
after  taking  a  prominent  part  on  the  losing  side 
in  the  battle  of  Culloden.  He  soon  settled  in 
New  York  city,  and  changed  his  name  to  Mc- 
Cartee.  Robert  was  graduated  at  Columbia, 
A.B.,  1808,  A.M.,  1811  ;  practised  law  in  New 
York  city  for  a  short  time  and  was  graduated  at  the 
Theological  Seminary  of  the  Associate  Reformed 
church.  New  York  city,  in  April,  1816.  He  was 
pastor  of  the  Old  Scots  church.  Philadelphia,  Pa., 
1816-21  ;  of  the  Irish  Presbyterian  church,  New 
York  city.  1821-86  ;  at  Port  Carbon,  Pa.,  1836-40  ; 
at  Goshen  and  Newburgh,  N.Y.,  1840-56,  and 
of  the  Associate  Reformed  church,  New  York 
city,  1856-62.  He  was  married  to  Jessie  Graham 
Bethune  (1796-1855),  sister  of  the  Rev.  George 
W.  Bethune  (q.v.),  and  daughter  of  Divie  and 
Joanna  (Graham)  Bethune :  the  latter  was  a 
daughter  of  Isabella  Graham,  who,  with  her 
children  was  identified  with  the  beginnings  of 
organized  charity  in  New  York  city.  Robert 
McCartee  received  the  honorary  degree  of  S.T.D. 
from  Columbia  in  1831.  He  died  in  Yonkers, 
N.Y.,  March  12,  1865. 

McCARTER,  Henry,  illustrator,  was  born  in 
Norristown,  Pa.,  July  5,  1865  ;  son  of  Marshall 
J.  and  Anne  (Bowden)  McCarter.  He  was  a 
student  at  the  Philadelphia  Academy  of  Fine 
Arts  under  Thomas  Eakins,  1883-89;  meanwhile 
illustrating  occasionally  for  the  Century  and 
other  magazines.  In  1889  he  went  to  France  and 
stuilied  under  Bonnat,  Rixens  and  Alexander 
Harrison.  His  illustrations  for  Zola's  "  Lourdes  " 
and  Paul  Verlaine's  poems,  which  appeared  in 
1894,  at  once  established  his  reputation  as  an 
illustrator.  He  returned  to  America  in  1891  and 
made  numerous  notable  drawings  for  Scribner's 
Magazine.  In  1895-96  he  was  again  in  Paris, 
studying  under  Merson.  Among  his  more  im 
portant  drawings  may  be  mentioned  the  illustra 
tions  for  An  Easter  Hymn  (1895):  a  series  of 
drawings  of  Coney  Island  (1895);  The  Sen  is  His, 
a  series  of  colored  drawings  for  Scribtiers  Maga 
zine  and  a  number  of  mural  decorations. 

flcCARTHY,  Dennis,  representative,  was  born 
at  Salina,  N.Y.,  March  19.  1814;  son  of  Thomas 
and  Percy  (Soule)  McCarthy.  His  father,  a  na 
tive  of  Cork,  Ireland,  born  1786,  came  to  Salina. 
N.Y.,  in  1807  ;  was  a  pioneer  merchant  and 
manufacturer  of  salt  ;  a  member  of  the  state 
assembly  in  1843,  and  president  of  the  village  of 


Salina  in  1845.  Dennis  attended  the  Onondaga 
Valley  academy  until  1834,  and  in  1843  joined 
his  father  in  business.  In  1844  he  was  elected 
by  the  Democratic  party  to  the  state  assembly, 
and  in  1846  became  a  leading  merchant  and 
banker  in  Syracuse,  and  was  mayor  of  the  city 
in  1853.  He  became  a  Republican  in  1861  and 
was  a  representative  in  the  4()th  and  41st  con 
gresses,  1867-71.  He  was  defeated  as  the  Independ 
ent  Republican  cadidate  for  representative  in  the 
42d  congress  in  1870  ;  was  state  senator,  1S75-85  ; 
president  of  the  senate,  1881-85  ;  and  became 
lieutenant-governor  of  the  state,  Jan.  6,  1885. 
He  died  in  Syracuse,  N.Y.,  Feb.  15,  1886. 

MacCARTNEY,  Washington,  educator,  was 
born  in  Westmoreland  county,  Pa.,  Aug.  24, 
1812.  He  was  graduated  from  Jefferson  college, 
Canonsburg,  Pa.,  in  1834.  and  was  professor  of 
mathematics  at  Lafayette  college,  1835-36  and 
1837-38  ;  and  of  mathematics  and  modern  lan 
guages  at  Jefferson  college.  1836-37.  He  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  of  Northampton  county.  Pa. , 
Jan.  18,  1838.  He  was  married,  April  18,  1839.  to 
Mary  E.,  daughter  of  William  Maxwell  of  New 
Jersey.  He  was  professor  of  mathematics  at 
Lafayette  college,  1843-44  and  in  1846,  and  w;is 
deputy  attorney-general  for  Northampton  county, 
1846-48.  He  established  a  law  school  in  Eastoi:, 
Pa.,  in  1846,  which  was  incorporated  as  the 
Union  Law  school  in  1854.  He  was  a  trustee  of 
Lafayette  college.  1847-52  ;  professor  of  mental 
and  moral  philosophy,  1849-53,  and  was  president 
judge  of  the  3d  judicial  district  of  Pennsylvania, 
1851-56.  He  also  lectured  before  schools  and  in 
stitutes.  He  received  the  degree  of  LL.l).  from 
Marshall  college  in  1X52.  He  is  the  author  of 
Differential  at/d  Integral  Calculus  (1X44);  77<e 
Origin  and  Progress  of  the  I'nited  States  (1846). 
He  died  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  July  15.  1X56. 

McCARTY,  Jonathan,  representative,  w;is 
born  in  Tennessee  about  1X00  ;  son  of  Judge  Ben 
jamin  McCarty,  who  removed  to  Indiana  with 
his  family,  settled  in  Franklin  county  and  was 
one  of  the  judges  of  the  circuit  court  under  the 
territorial  government.  Jonathan  attended  the 
public  school,  engaged  in  mercantile  pursuits  and 
served  as  a  representative  in  the  state  legislature, 
where  he  procured  the  passage  of  the  law  laying 
off  Fayette  county.  Ind.  lie  settled  at  Connois- 
ville,  its  count}1  seat,  where  he  served  for  a 
time  as  clerk  of  its  courts.  He  was  a  Whig  re 
presentative  from  Fayette  county  in  the  22d, 
23d  and  24th  congresses,  1X31-37  :  a  presidential 
elector  on  the  Harrison  ticket  in  1840,  and  fora 
short  time  was  receiver  of  public  moneys  at  Fort 
Wayne,  Ind.  lie  died  in  Keoknk,  Iowa,  in  1X55. 
ricCAULEY,  Charles  Adams  Hoke,  soldier 
and  author,  was  born  in  Middletown,  Md.,  July  13. 
1817.  He  was  graduated  from  the  U.S.  Military 
[194] 


McCAULEY 


McCAULEY 


academy  in  1870  ;  was  promoted  2d  lieutenant, 
and  assigned  to  the  3d  artillery.  He  served  011 
garrison  duty,  1870-75  ;  accompanied  the  Red 
River  expedition  into  the  Indian  territory  and 
Texas  as  ornithologist,  1876  ;  was  assistant  to 
the  chief  engineer  of  the  department  of  the  Mis 
souri,  1877-79  ;  was  promoted  1st  lieutenant,  3d 
cavalry.  May  5,  1879  ;  captain,  Feb.  18,  1881  ; 
was  assistant  quartermaster,  Ogclen,  Utah,  1882- 
83  ;  and  quartermaster  of  the  department  of  the 
Platte,  1883-87.  He  was  promoted  major,  Aug. 
8,  1894,  and  lieutenant-colonel  and  deputy  quar 
termaster-general.  Nov.  13,  1898.  He  invented  a 
system  of  signalling  by  means  of  mirrors.  1871. 
He  is  the  author  of  :  The  Ornithology  of  the  Red 
River  Region  of  Texas  (1877)  ;  The  San  Juan 
Reconnaissance  in  Colorado  and  Neiv  Mexico 
(1877)  ;  Re2wrts  on  the  White  River  Indian 
Agency,  Colorado,  and  the  Uintah  Indian  Agency 
(1879)  ;  Pagasa,  Springs,  Colorado ;  its  Geology 
and  Botany  (1879). 

McCAULEY,  Charles  Stewart,  naval  officer, 
was  born  in  Philadelphia,  Pa..  Feb.  3.  1793  ;  son 
of  John  and  Sarah  (Stewart)  McCauley  ;  grandson 
of  Colonel  Stewart  of  the  British  army  and 
nephew  of  Rear-Admiral  Charles  Stewart,  U.S.N. 
He  was  warranted  midshipman  U.S.N.,  Jan.  16, 

1809  ;  was  promoted 
lieutenant  Dec.  9, 
1814  ;  commander 
March  3,  1831  ;  cap 
tain  Dec.  9,  1839,  and 
commodore  April  4, 
1867.  He  served  as 
midshipman  and  act 
ing  lieutenant  in  the 
war  of  1812  on  the 
Constellation  in  Vir 
ginia  waters  and  on 
the  Jefferson  in  1814 
on  Lake  Ontario.  He 
was  on  the  Consti 
tution.  Erie.  Constel 
lation  and  United 

States  in  the  Mediterranean  fleet,  1815-20  ; 
on  the  Constellation  in  the  Pacific,  1820-22  ;  on 
furlough  in  the  merchant  marine  service,  1823-25  ; 
lieutenant  on  board  the  Boston  in  the  South 
Atlantic  squadron.  1825-29  :  on  the  receiving  ship 
Fox.  Baltimore,  1830  ;  commanded  the  naval 
rendezvous  at  Boston.  1831.  and  Baltimore.  1832  ; 
and  commanded  the  Fairfleld.  bound  to  the  Pacific; 
in  1833,  but  was  relieved  on  account  of  domestic 
affliction  after  two  months'  service.  lie  com 
manded  the  St.Lonis.  West  Indian  station.  1834  ; 
the  Fa i mouth,  1835 ;  was  commander  and  ex 
ecutive  officer  at  the  Philadelphia  navy  yard, 
is:{7-41  ;  commanded  the  Delairare  on  the  Brazil 
and  Mediterranean  stations,  1841-14  ;  was  com 


mandant  of  the  Washington  navy-yard,  1846-49  ; 
in  command  of  the  Pacific  station,  1850-53  ;  and 
in  command  of  the  Home  squadron  and  sent  to 
the  West  Indies  on  particular  service,  1855,  for 
which  service  he  was  tendered  a  dinner  at  the 
White  House  by  President  Pierce.  He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  retiring  board,  1855  ;  and  president  of 
the  board  to  recommend  a  code  of  signals  subse 
quently  adopted  by  the  navy  department,  1856. 
While  commandant  of  the  Norfolk  navy-yard, 
1860-61,  when  all  hope  of  relief  from  the  depart 
ment  was  abandoned  early  in  1861,  he  scuttled 
the  vessels  at  the  docks  to  prevent  their  imme 
diate  use  by  the  Confederates,  and  placed  the 
Cumberland,  the  only  manned  vessel,  in  an  atti 
tude  of  defence,  when  he  received  peremptory 
instructions  to  bring  out  the  vessels  and  destroy 
and  abandon  the  place.  As  the  vessels  were 
already  scuttled  and  rapidly  sinking  Commodore 
Paulding.  who  brought  the  instructions,  did  not 
deem  it  advisable  to  wait  to  undertake  to  raise 
the  vessels  and  departed  with  the  Pawnee  and  the 
chartered  vessel  011  which  he  entered  the  Eliza 
beth  river  on  his  mission.  Captain  McCauley 
followed  on  the  Cumberland  after  firing  the 
ship-houses  together  with  the  combustible  por 
tions  of  the  yard  and  the  unmanned  frigate  Mer- 
ritnac,  which  was  afterward  raised  by  the  Con 
federate  navy  department  and  remodeled  into  the 
ironclad  Virginia.  He  was  retired  Dec.  21,  1861, 
and  died  in  Washington,  D.C.,  May  21,  1869. 

McCAULEY,  Edward  Yorke,  naval  officer, 
was  born  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Nov.  2,  1827.  He 
was  a  nephew  of  Capt.  C.  S.  McCauley,  U.S.N. 
He  was  graduated  from  the  U.S.  Naval  academy 
in  1841  ;  was  warranted  a  midshipman  in  the 
U.S.  navy  and  was  promoted  passed  midshipman 
Aug.  10,  1847  ;  lieutenant,  Sept.  14,  1855  ;  lieut- 
tenant-commander,  July  16,  1862  ;  commander, 
Sept.  27,  1866;  captain,  Sept.  3,  1872;  commo 
dore,  Aug.  7,  1871  and  rear-admiral,  March  2, 
1885.  He  served  on  the  Mediterranean  squadron, 
1841-45,  and  on  the  United  States  on  the  coast  of 
Africa,  1846-48  ;  was  attached  to  the  Constitu 
tion.  Mediterranean  squadron,  1849-52.  and  the 
Powhatan.  East  India  squadron,  1852-56,  being 
present  at  the  attack  on  the  pirates  in  the  China 
sea  in  1855  :  was  on  the  receiving  ship  Philadel 
phia,  1856-57  :  the  steamer  Niagara  on  the  cable 
expedition,  1857-58  ;  was  stationed  at  the  naval 
observatory.  1858-59,  and  resigned  from  the 
navy.  Aug.  19.  1859.  He  served  on  the  steamer 
Flag  of  the  South  Atlantic  blockading  squadron 
as  acting  lieutenant.  1801-02  :  commanded  the 
steamers  Fort  Henry.  1802-03.  and  Tioga,  1863- 
64,  both  of  the  East  Gulf  blockading  squadron  : 
the  gunboat -Benson,  of  the  Mississippi  squadron, 
1864-05:  was  on  special  duty  in  Philadelphia. 
1866-67  ;  was  fleet  captain.  North  Atlantic  squad- 


McCAULEY 


McCLAMMY 


ron,  1867-68  ;  was  stationed  at  the  navy  yard, 
Portsmouth,  N.H.,  1868-70  ;  at  the  U.S.  Naval 
academy,  1870-72  ;  commanded  the  Lackawanna, 
Asiatic  station,  1872-75  ;  was  at  the  Boston  navy 
yard,  1875-78,  and  at  the  Naval  Asylum,  Phil 
adelphia,  Pa.,  1878-80  ;  was  commandant  of  the 
League  Island  navy  yard,  Philadelphia,  1884-85, 
and  of  the  Pacific:  station,  1885-86.  lie  was  re 
tired  on  his  own  application,  February,  1887.  Re 
received  the  honorary  degree  of  LL.D.  from 
Hobart  college  in  1892.  He  is  the  author  of  : 
The  Egyptian  Manual  «/i<l  Dictionary  (1888-84). 
He  died  in  Jamestown,  R.I..  Oct.  24,  1894. 

McCAULEY,  James  Andrew,  educator,  was 
born  in  Cecil  county,  Md.,  Oct.  7,  1822  ;  of  English 
and  Scotch  ancestry.  He  removed  to  Baltimore, 
Md.,  with  his  parents  at  an  early  age.  He  was 
graduated  from  Dickinson  college,  Carlisle,  Pa., 
in  1847  :  was  employed  as  a  private  tutor,  1847- 
49 :  entered  the  Baltimore  conference  of  the 
Methodist  Episcopal  church,  1850  ;  and  was  prin 
cipal  of  the  Wesleyan  Female  seminary  at 
Staunton,  Va.,  1850-54.  He  ministered  at 
Wesleyan  chapel,  Washington,  D.C.  ;  was  pre 
siding  elder  of  the  Washington  district,  1869-72  ; 
was  delegate  to  the  General  conference,  Balti 
more,  Md.,  in  May,  1872  ;  to  the  English  and 
Irish  Wesleyan  conference  in  1874  and  to  the 
general  conference  of  1884.  He  was  president  of 
Dickinson  college  as  successor  to  the  Rev.  Robert 
L.  Dashiell  (q.v.),  resigned,  1872-88.  During  his 
presidency  a  hall  of  science,  a  library  building  and 
a  gymnasium  were  added  to  the  college,  and  the 
invested  fund  was  increased  by  one  hundred  and 
forty  thousand  dollars.  He  resigned  the  pres 
idency  in  1888.  He  received  the  degree  D.D. 
from  Dickinson  in  1867,  and  that  of  LL.D.  from 
Lafayette  in  188:5. 

flcCAULEY,  Mary  (Ludwig)  Hays  ("Molly 
Pitcher"),  Revolutionary  heroine,  was  born  in 
Carlisle,  Pa.,  Oct.  1:3,  1744;  daughter  of  John 
George  Ludwig,  who  emigrated  from  Germany 
with  the  Palatines.  She  was  employed  as  a  ser 
vant  in  the  home  of  Gen.  William  Irvine  at  Car 
lisle,  and  on  July  24,  1769,  was  married  to  John 
Hays,  a  barber,  who  became  gunner  in  Proctor's 
1st  Pennsylvania  artillery  in  December,  1775. 
She  followed  him  to  the  field,  where  she  was  em 
ployed  as  a  laundress  and  nurse.  She  carried 
water  to  the  men  in  action  at  the  battle  of  Mon- 
mouth,  and  was  on  the  field  when  her  husband 
was  shot  down  in  a  charge  made  by  the  British 
cavalry.  There  being  no  one  to  take  charge  of 
his  piece,  it  was  ordered  from  the  field,  but  at  this 
point  "Molly  Pitcher,"  as  she  was  familiarly 
called  by  the  gunners,  dropped  her  pitcher, 
stepped  forward  and  grasped  the  ramrod,  declar 
ing  that  she  would  take  her  husband's  place  and 
avenge  his  death.  She  did  excellent  service  for* 


which  she  was  commissioned  sergeant  by  General 
Washington  011  the  following  day.  She  served 
nearly  eight  years  in  the  army,  and  was  after 
ward  placed  on  the  list  of  half-pay  officers.  She 
lived  at  the  Carlisle  barracks  for  many  years, 
where  she  washed  and  cooked  for  the  soldiers  and 
was  employed  as  a  children's  nurse.  She  married 
secondly  Sergt.  George  McCauley,  who  lived 
on  her  earnings  and  ill-treated  her.  She  was 
granted  a  pension  of  $80  annually  for  life  by  a 
special  act  of  the  Pennsylvania  legislature  in 
February,  1822,  and  at  her  death  was  buried  with 
military  honors.  She  left  one  son,  John  Hays. 
A  monument  representing  her  in  the  act  of  load 
ing  a  cannon  was  erected  on  the  field  of  Mon- 
mouth,  and  in  1876  a  second  was  erected  on  her 
grave  at  Carlisle.  She  is  also  represented  in 
George  W.  P.  Custis's  painting.  The  Field  of  Mon- 
montJi.  She  died  in  Carlisle,  Pa.,  Jan.  22,  182:3. 

flcCAY,  Charles  Francis,  educator,  was  born 
in  Danville,  Northumberland  county,  Pa.,  March 
8,  1810;  son  of  Robert  and  Sarah  (Reed)  McCay; 
grandson  of  Neal  and  Rachel  (Thornton)  McCay, 
and  a  descendant  of  Donald  McCay  who  landed 
in  America  in  1757.  He  was  graduated  from  Jef 
ferson  college,  Pa,,  A.B.,  1829,  A.M..  1882  ;  taught 
school,  1829-82  ;  was  professor  of  mathematics, 
natural  philosophy  and  astronomy  at  Lafayette 
college,  1832-33  ;  tutor  at  the  University  of  Geor 
gia,  1833-35  ;  professor  of  civil  engineering,  1837- 
42,  of  philosophy,  1842-46,  and  of  mathematics 
and  civil  engineering,  1846-53.  He  created  the 
Charles  F.  McCay  fund  of  $20,000  for  the  benefit 
of  the  University  of  Georgia.  He  was  married, 
Aug.  11,  1840,  to  Xarcissa,  daughter  of  Prof. 
William  Williams.  He  was  president  of  South 
Carolina  college  and  held  the  chair  of  mathema 
tics,  1855-57,  and  engaged  as  secretary  and 
cashier  in  an  insurance  and  banking  company  in 
Augusta,  Ga.,  1858-69.  and  as  actuary  in  Balti 
more,  Md.,  1872-84.  The  College  of  New  Jersey 
conferred  upon  him  the  honorary  degree  of  LL.D. 
in  1857.  He  is  the  author  of  Lectures  on  the  Dif 
ferential  and  Integral  Calculus  (1840);  Civil  En 
gineering  ;  and  a  treatise  on  evolution.  He  died 
in  Baltimore,  Md.,  March  13,  1889. 

flcCLAnriY,  Charles  Washington,  represen 
tative,  was  born  at  Scott's  Hill,  N.C.,  May  29, 
1839  ;  son  of  Luke  D.  and  Anna  E.  (Chadwick) 
McClammy.  He  attended  Scott's  Hill  academy 
and  was  graduated  from  the  University  of  North 
Carolina  in  1859.  He  taught  school,  1859-61,  and 
at  the  outbreak  of  the  civil  war  he  organized  a 
cavalry  company.  He  served  under  Gens.  J.  E. 
B.  Stuart  and  W.  H.  F.  Lee,  and  was  promoted 
on  the  field  of  battle  to  the  rank  of  major  of  the 
3d  North  Carolina  cavalry  for  gallantry  dis 
played  in  action.  He  refused  to  surrender  at 
Appomattox,  and  with  a  few  troopers  escaped 

[196] 


McCLEARY 


McCLELLAN 


Grant's  army,  April  8,  1865.  He  was  a  represen 
tative  in  the  state  legislature,  1866  and  1870.  and 
state  senator  in  1868.  He  was  a  Democratic  pres 
idential  elector  in  1884,  and  a  representative  in 
the  50th  and  51st  congresses,  1887-91.  He  was 
married  in  1860  to  Margaret,  daughter  of  Owen 
Fennell,  sheriff  of  New  Hanover  county,  and  his 
son  Herbert  became  a  lawyer  in  Scott's  Hill.  He 
was  mortally  injured  by  a  boiler  explosion  and 
died  at  Scott's  Hill,  N.C.,  Feb.  26,  1896. 

flcCLEARY,  James  Thompson,  representa 
tive,  was  born,  in  Ingersoll,  Out.,  Feb.  5,  1853. 
He  attended  the  public  schools  and  McGill  uni 
versity,  Montreal,  and  taught  school  in  Wiscon 
sin.  He  was  married,  June  4,  1874,  to  Mary 
Edith,  daughter  of  David  Taylor,  of  Maiden  Rock, 
\Vis.  He  was  elected  superintendent  of  the 
schools  of  Pierce  county,  Wis.  ;  was  appointed 
state  institute  conductor  of  Minnesota  in  1881, 
and  was  professor  of  history  and  civics  in  the 
state  normal  school  at  Mankato,  1881-92.  During 
the  summer  months  he  conducted  institutes  in 
Wisconsin,  Dakota,  Virginia,  Tennessee  and  Col 
orado,  and  in  1891  was  chosen  president  of  the 
State  Educational  association.  He  was  a  Repub 
lican  representative  from  the  second  Minnesota 
district  in  the  53d-57th  congresses,  1893-1903. 
He  is  the  author  of  :  Studies  in  Civics  (1888)  and 
Manual  of  Civics  (1894). 

McCLELLAN,  Carswell,  civil  engineer,  was 
born  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Dec.  3,1835;  son  of 
Dr.  Samuel  and  Margaret  Carswell  (Ely)  McClel- 
lan.  He' matriculated  at  the  University  of  Penn 
sylvania  in  the  class  of  1854,  but  left  in  1851  to 
complete  his  college  course  at  Williams,  and  was 
graduated  A.B.,  1855,  A.M..  1858.  He  entered 
the  volunteer  army  in  May,  1862,  as  ensign  in  the 
32d  New  York  regiment,  and  in  June,  1862,  was 
made  topographical  assistant  to  the  adjutant- 
general  and  special  aide  on  the  staff  of  Gen. 
Andrew  A.  Humphreys.  He  was  wounded  at'Mal- 
vern  Hill  and  at  Gettysburg.  After  April,  1864, 
he  was  assistant  adjutant-general,  1st  division, 
cavalry  corps,  Army  of  the  Potomac,  and  of  the 
3d  division,  5th  army  corps.  He  was  taken  pris 
oner  in  the  battle  of  Weldon  Railroad,  Aug.  19, 
1864,  and  was  paroled.  Nov.  16,  1864,  when  he  re 
signed.  He  engaged  as  civil  engineer  on  various 
roads  in  the  United  States  and  Brazil,  1864-81, 
and  was  U.S.  civil  assistant  engineer,  1881-92. 
He  was  married  to  Annis,  daughter  of  Vines 
Davis,  of  Collinsville.  111.  He  wrote  Personal 
Memoirs  and  Military  History  of  Ulysses  S.  Grant 
rs.  the  Record  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  (1887). 
He  died  in  St.  Paul.  Minn.,  March  6,  1892. 

ricCLELLAN,  Charles  A.  O.,  representative, 
was  born  in  Ashlarid,  Ohio.  May  25,  1835  ;  son  of 
William  and  Eliza  (Wiggins)  McClellan,  natives 
of  New  Jersev,  and  of  Scotch-Irish  descent.  He 


attended  the  district  schools  and  in  1856  removed 
to  Auburn,  Ind.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1860  and  engaged  in  practice  at  Auburn.  He  be 
came  connected  with  the  banking  business  in 
1868,  and  was  elected  president  of  the  First  Na 
tional  bank  of  Auburn  and  of  the  DeKalb  bank 
of  Waterloo.  He  was  judge  of  the  40th  circuit 
court  of  Indiana,  1887-89,  and  was  a  Democratic 
representative  from  the  twelfth  Indiana  district 
in  the  51st  and  52d  congresses,  1889-93.  He  died 
at  Auburn,  Ind.,  Jan.  30,  1898. 

McCLELLAN,  Ely,  army  surgeon,  was  born 
in  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Aug.  23,  1834;  son  of  Dr. 
Samuel  and  Margaret  Carswell  (Ely)  McClellan. 
He  matriculated  at  the  University  of  Pennsylva 
nia  with  the  class  of  1854,  left  after  his  freshman 
year,  attended  Williams  college,  1851-53,  and  was 
graduated  at  Jefferson  Medical  college,  Philadel 
phia,  in  1856.  He  practised  in  Philadelphia, 
1856-61,  and  on  Aug.  3,  1861,  entered  the  U.S. 
army  as  assistant  surgeon  with  the  rank  of  1st 
lieutenant  and  served  in  the  field  with  the  Army 
of  the  Potomac.  He  was  attending  surgeon  at 
the  headquarters  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac, 
1861-62 ;  and  in  hospital  at  Fort  Monroe  and 
Hampton,  Va.,  1862-65.  He  was  promoted  cap 
tain  and  assistant  surgeon,  Ju\y  28,  1866  ;  was 
post  surgeon  at  the  Camp  of  Recruits,  Philadel 
phia,  Pa.,  July  to  August,  1865  ;  at  Fort  Delaware, 
Del.,  1865-67;  at  Fort  Craig.  New  Mexico,  1867- 
68,  and  at  Fort  Garland,  Colorado,  1868-71  ;  post 
surgeon  at  Crab  Orchard,  Ky.,  1871-72  ;  at  Leb 
anon,  Ky.,  1872-74  ;  on  special  duty  to  investi 
gate  and  report  upon  the  causes  of  the  cholera 
epidemic  of  1873  in  the  United  States,  1874-75, 
and  on  special  duty  in  the  office  of  the  medical 
director  of  the  department  of  the  South,  1875-76. 
He  was  promoted  surgeon  with  the  rank  of  major, 
June  26,  1876  ;  was  attending  surgeon  at  Atlanta, 
Ga.,  1876-78  ;  post  surgeon  at  FortLapwai,  Idaho, 
1878-81;  at  Fort  Vancouver,  Washington  Ty., 
at  Fort  McHenry,  Md.,  1881,  and  at  Fort  Trum- 
bull,  Conn.,  1881-84.  He  was  surgeon  to  the 
cavalry  depot  at  Jefferson  barracks,  Mo.,  1885-89  ; 
attending  surgeon  at  headquarters,  Chicago,  111., 
1889-93.  He  was  promoted  deputy  surgeon-gen 
eral  with  the  rank  of  lieutenant-colonel  in  1891. 
He  was  married  to  Emily  Hopkins,  daughter  of 
Joshua  Tevis  of  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  is  the 
author  of  numerous  medical  works  of  impor 
tance,  and  contributions  to  medical  journals.  He 
died  in  Chicago,  111.,  May  8,  1893. 

flcCLELLAN,  George,  surgeon,  was  born  in 
Woodstock,  Windham  count}',  Conn.,  Dec.  23, 
1796  ;  son  of  James  and  —  —  (Eldredge)  Mc 

Clellan.  He  was  graduated  from  Yale,  A.B., 
1816  ;  studied  medicine  at  the  University  of  Penn 
sylvania,  and  was  graduated  M.D.,  1819.  He  was 
resident  physician  of  the  Almshouse  hospital, 


[197J 


McCLELLAN 


McCLELLAN 


1818-19.  He  was  married  in  1820  to  Elizabeth, 
daughter  of  John  H.  Brinton  of  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
He  opened  a  dissecting  room  in  1821,  and  gave 
private  lectures  on  anatomy  and  surgery  which 
resulted  in  a  charter  for  the  Jefferson  Medical 
college  in  1825,  where  lie  was  professor  of  sur 
gery,  1826-38.  In  1838  the  school  faculty  was 
reorganized,  and  his  name  was  excluded,  where 
upon  lie  obtained  a  charter  for  the  Pennsylvania 
College  Medical  school,  and  was  lecturer  there, 
1 839-43.  He  acquired  a  large  practice  as  surgeon 
in  the  United  States,  and  also  had  patients  from 
the  West  Indies.  South  America  and  Europe,  and 
was  especially  eminent  in  ophthalmic  surgery. 
He  was  the  author  of  original  medico-chirur- 
gical  reports  ;  one  of  the  conductors  of  the 
American  Medical  Review  and  Journal ;  editor 
of  Eberle's  Theory  and  Practice  of  Physics  (1840); 
and  the  author  of  The  Principles  and  Practice  of 
Surgery,  edited  by  his  son,  John  H.  B.  McClellan 
(184S).  He  died  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  May  9. 1847. 
McCLELLAN,  George  Brinton,  soldier,  was 
born  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Dec.  3.  1826;  son  of 
Dr.  George  and  Elizabeth  (Brinton)  McClellan. 
He  matriculated  at  the  University  of  Pennsyl 
vania  with  the  class  of  1844,  and  left  at  the  close 
of  his  sophomore  year  to  snter  the  U.S.  Military 
academy,  where  he 
was  graduated  in 
July,  184(5,  second  in 
the  class.  He  was 
appointed  to  the  en 
gineer  corps  brevet 
2d  lieutenant,  and 
he  served  in  the  war 
with  Mexico,  1846-48. 
He  was  engaged  in 
opening  the  road  from 
Matamoras  to  Tam- 
pico,  1846-47  ;  in  the 
siege  of  Vera  Cruz, 
March  9-29,  1847; 
battle  of  Cerro  Gordo, 
April  17-18  ;  was 

promoted  2d  lieutenant,  April  24  ;  engaged  in 
the  skirmish  of  Amazoque.  May  14  ;  the  battles 
of  Contreras.  August  19-20,  and  Churubusco, 
August  20:  in  constructing  batteries  against 
Chapultepec,  Sept.  9-13.  and  in  the  assault  and 
capture  of  the  city  of  Mexico,  Sept.  13-14,  1847. 
He  was  at  West  Point,  N.Y..  attached  to  a  com 
pany  of -engineer  troop,  1848-50,  and  in  command 
of  the  troop.  1850-51.  He  was  brevetted  1st 
lieutenant,  Aug.  20,  1847,  for  Contreras  and 
Cliurubusco  ;  captain,  Sept.  8.  1847,  for  Molino 
del  Rey,  which  brevet  he  declined,  and  captain, 
Sept.  13,  1847,  for  Chapultepec.  He  was  assist 
ant  engineer  in  building  Fort  Delaware.  1851-52  : 
engineer  of  the  exploring  expedition,  Red  River. 


I 


QUARTERS   IA1    ISS'. 


Texas,  1852  ;  chief  engineer,  Department  of  Texas,, 
1852,  and  in  charge  of  surveys  on  the  coast  of 
Texas,  1852-53.  He  was  engineer  in  the  explora 
tion  and  survey  of  the  western  division  of  the  pro 
jected  Northern  Pacific  railroad  through  the  Cas 
cade  mountains.  1853-54  ;  collected  railroad  statis 
tics  for  the 
war  depart 
ment,  1854-55, 
and  was  a 
member  of  the 
military  com 
mission  sent 
to  the  theatre 
of  war  iu  Eu 
rope,  1855-56, 
of  which  his 
official  report 
was  published  by  order  of  congress,  1857.  He 
devised  the  McClellan.  saddle  in  1856,  which 
came  into  general  use  in  the  army.  He  was 
promoted  1st  lieutenant,  July  1,  1853,  and  cap 
tain  in  the  1st  cavalry,  March  3,  1855,  on  the 
eve  of  his  departure  to  Europe,  and  on  his  return 
to  the  United  States  he  resigned  his  commission 
in  the  army,  Jan.  16,  1857,  to  take  position  as 
chief  engineer  of  the  Illinois  Central  railroad, 
serving  1857-58.  He  was  vice-president  of  the 
road,  1858-60,  and  president  of  the  St.  Louis  and 
Cincinnati  railroad,  1860-61.  He  was  appointed 
major-general,  Ohio  militia  volunteers,  April  23, 
1861,  and  was  in  command  of  the  Department  of 
the  Ohio  from  May  13  to  July  15,  1861.  He  com 
manded  the  Federal  forces  in  western  Virginia  ; 
engaged  in  the  action  at  Rich  Mountain,  July  11, 

1861,  and  by  a  forced  march  surprised  Col.  John 
Pegram  near  Beverly.  July   12,    1861,  and  com 
pelled    him    to   surrender.      For    his   services    in 
brilliant  and  decisive  victories  on  the  battle-fields 
of    western   Virginia    he  received    the  thanks  of 
congress,  July    12,  18(51.      He   was  commissioned 
major-general,  U.S.  army,  May  14,  1801,  and  was 
placed  in  command  of  the  Division  of  the  Poto 
mac    with    headquarters    at    Washii'gton,    DA'., 
July   27,  1861.     On   Aug.    17.  1861.   lie   was  given 
command  of  the  Department  of  the  Potomac  ;  on 
A.ug.  20.  1861,  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  and 
on  Nov.  1,  1861.  was  made  general-in-chief  of  the 
armies  of  the  United  States.     He  advanced  upon 
Manassas,  Va.,  March  6-10.  18(52,  and  transferred 
the  Army  of  the  Potomac  to  the  Virginia  penin 
sula,  which  movement  was  followed  by  the  siege 
of  Yorktown.  April  5-May  4,  1862:  the  occupa 
tion  of  \Villiamsburg,  May  5-6.    1862  ;  the  battle 
of  Fair  Oaks.  May  31-June  1.  1862,  and   the  seven 
days'  battles  before  Richmond,  June  26- July  2. 

1862.  during  which  time  he  transferred  his  base 
from  the  Pamunkey  to  the  James  river  in   order 
to  be  supported  by  the  gunboats  of  the  navy.    He 

[198] 


McCLELLAN 


McCLELLAN 


•was  familiarly  known  by  the  men  composing  the 
Army  of  the  Potomac  as  "Little  Mac, v  and  he 
appears  to  have  had  the  full  confidence  of  his 
officers  and  men.  The  Peninsula  campaign  was 
abandoned  by  order  of  General  Halleck,  who  had 
been  made  general-in-chief  of  the  Federal  army, 


VE.P.A      CRUZ. 

McClellan  having  asked  to  be  relieved  of  all 
responsibility  of  the  operations  outside  the  Army 
of  the  Potomac.  General  Halleck  gave  the  order 
August  3,  to  which  protest  was  made  by  Mc 
Clellan,  August  4,  and  in  this  protest  he  claimed 
that  the  Peninsula  was  the  true  defence  of  Wash 
ington  and  that  the  banks  of  the  James  should  be 
the  ground  on  which  the  fate  of  the  Union  should 
be  decided.  Halleck  telegraphed  him,  August  10, 
that  the  enemy  had  crossed  the  Rapidan  and  were 
lighting  the  Arm}'  of  Virginia,  commanded  by 
Gen.  John  Pope.  On  August  12  McClellan  replied 
that  if  Washington  was  in  danger  his  army  could 
hardly  Arrive  in  time  to  save  it.  On  August  21 
his  headquarters  were  at  that  place,  on  August 
24  he  was  at  Acquia  Creek,  and  on  August 
27  at  Alexandria,  opposite  Washington.  On 
August  30  he  telegraphed  Halleck  that  every  man 
of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  within  his  reach  was 
at  the  front,  and  he  asked  to  join  them,  if  not  in 
command  of  his  own  army,  then  as  a  volunteer, 
that  he  might  share  their  fate  on  the  battle-field. 
Halleck  replied,  August  31,  that  General  Pope 
was  in  command  of  the  department  by  order  of 
President  Lincoln.  McClellan  was  left  in  Alex 
andria,  with  orders  from  the  war  department  de 
fining  his  command  and  leaving  to  his  control  his 
personal  staff  and  about  100  men  in  camp  and 
those  left  at  Fort  Monroe.  Pope's  army  was  de 
feated,  Aug.  29,  30,  31  and  Sept.  I,  1802,  and  on 
Sept.  2,  1S62,  President  Lincoln  went  to  Mc- 
Clellan's  house  in  Washington  and  instructed  him 
to  meet  the  retreating  army,  take  command,  and 
save  Washington,  and  it  was  under  this  verbal 
order  from  the  President,  with  no  instruction 
from  the  war  department,  that  the  Army  of  the 
Potomac  and  the  Army  of  Virginia  were  merged 
as  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  and  prepared  to 
meet  the  Confederate  army  under  General  Lee  in 
the  Maryland  campaign,  the  last  campaign  of 
McClellan.  He  was  in  command  of  the  defences 
of  Washington,  Sept.  2-8,  1802,  and  in  command 
of  the  new  Army  of  the  Potomac  from  Sept.  8 
to  Nov.  10,  1802,  and  during  this  time  he  fought 
the  battle  of  South  Mountain,  Sept.  14,  1802  ;  the 


battle  of  Antietam,  Sept.  17,  1802  ;  transferred 
his  headquarters  to  Warrenton,  Va.,  where  dur 
ing  October  and  November  he  received  reinforce 
ments  and  placed  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  in  a 
condition  to  protect  the  national  capital  from 
further  danger.  On  Nov.  10,  1802,  he  received 
notice  from  the  war  department  to  report  at  New 
York  city  on  waiting  orders,  and  the  command 
of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  was  transferred  to 
Gen.  A.  E.  Burnside.  General  McClellan  visited 
Boston  in  the  winter  of  1802-03,  where  he  was 
presented  with  a  sword,  and  in  June,  1804,  he 
delivered  the  oration  at  the  dedication  of  the  sol 
diers'  monument  at  West  Point,  N.Y.  He  was 
nominated  as  a  candidate  for  President  of  the 
United  States  by  the  Democratic  national  con 
vention  that  met  in  Chicago.  Aug.  29,  1804,  by 
a  vote  of  2024-  to  23i  for  Thomas  H.  Seymour, 
a  peace  Democrat.  George  H.  Pendleton  of 
Ohio  was  nominated  for  Vice-President,  and  in 
the  election  that  followed  in  November,  1804,  the 
ticket  received  1,808,725  popular  votes,  while  the 
Republican  ticket  received  2.210.007.  At  the 
meeting  of  the  electoral  college,  McClellan  and 
Pendleton  received  from  New  Jersey,  Kentucky 
and  Delaware  21  votes,  to  212  for  Lincoln  and 
Johnson.  He  resigned  from  the  U.S.  army,  Nov. 
8,  1804,  Visited  Europe,  1865-08,  with  his  family, 
and  on  his  return  took  up  his  residence  in  Orange, 
N.J.  He  declined  the  presidency  of  the  Uni 
versity  of  California  in  1808  and  that  of  Union 
college,  Schenectady,  N.Y.,  in  1809.  He  had 
the  supervision  of  the  building  of  the  Stevens 
battery  under  the  terms  of  the  will  of  Edwin  A. 
Stevens,  1808-71  ;  was  engineer-in-chief  of  the 
department  of  docks.  New  York  city,  1870-72; 
planned  the  bridge  erected  over  the  Hudson  river 
at  Poughkeepsie  ;  was  president  of  the  New  York 
underground  railroad,  of  the  U.S.  Rolling  Stock 
company,  and  of  the  Atlantic  and  Western  rail 
road,  and  in  March,  1877,  was  nominated  by 
Governor  Robinson  of  New  York  superintendent 
of  public  works  in  New  York  state,  but  the  sen 
ate  refused  to  confirm  the  appointment.  He  was 
nominated  by  acclamation  by  the  Democratic 
state  convention  of  New  Jersey  for  governor  of 
New  Jersey,  Sept.  19,  1877,  and  he  was  elected 
by  12.743  majority,  serving  as  governor,  1878-81. 
He  introduced  reforms  in  the  state  militia,  pre 
served  the  non-partisan  character  of  the  judi 
ciary,  established  schools  for  industrial  educa 
tion,  recommended  needed  reforms  in  the  prison- 
labor  system,  and  left  the  public  schools  and  other 
institutions  of  the  state  in  a  prosperous  condition. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  board  of  managers  of 
the  National  Home  for  Disabled  Soldiers.  1881-85, 
and  pronounced  the  oration  at  the  dedication- 
day  ceremony  on  the  battle-field  of  Antietam  in 
1885,  his  last  public  service.  He  was  married  to 


[109] 


McCLELLAN 


McCLELLAN 


Mary  Ellen,  daughter  of  Gen.  Randolph  Barnes 
Marcy.  and  their  son,  George  Brinton  (q.v.),  was 
a  representative  iu  congress  from  New  York  city. 
General  McClellan  translated  from  the  French  : 
"  Manual  of  Bayonet  Exercises."  adopted  for  use 
in  the  U.S.  Army  (1852).  and  is  the  author  of: 
Government  Reports  of  Pacific  Railroad  Surveys 
(1854):  Operations  in  the  Crimean,  and  Organiza 
tion,  Instruction  and  Equipment  of  European 
Armies  (1857);  Report  on  the  Organization  of  the 
Army  of  the  Potomac  and  its  Campaign*  in  Vir 
ginia  and  J/<nv//«mZ(l864);  The  Peninsula  Cam 
paign  in  the  Century,  May  5,  1885  ;  and  two  articles 
in  "  Battles  and  Leaders  of  the  Civil  War"  (Vol. 
II.,  18X7).  He  died  in  Orange.  N.J.,  Oct.  29,  1885. 

McCLELLAN,  George  Brinton,  representa 
tive,  was  born  in  Dresden,  Saxony,  Nov.  23, 18(55  ; 
son  of  Gen.  George  Brinton  and  Mary  Ellen 
(Marcy)  McClellan.  He  was  graduated  at  the  Col 
lege  of  New  Jersey.  A.B.,  1886,  A.M.,  1889,  and 
began  life  as  a  journalist.  He  was  married  to  a 
daughter  of  John  G.  Heckster,  a  New  York  mer 
chant.  He  was  reporter  and  editorial  writer  on 
New  York  dailies,  1886-89,  and  treasurer  of  the 
New  York  and  Brooklyn  Bridge  company,  1889- 
92.  He  was  admitted  to  the  New  York  bar  in 
1892,  was  elected  a  member  of  the  common  coun 
cil  of  the  city  of  New  York  in  1893,  and  served  as 
president  of  the  body,  1893  and  1894,  and  as  act 
ing  mayor  of  the  city  when  less  than  thirty  years 
of  age.  He  was  a  Democratic  representative 
from  the  twelfth  district  of  New  York  in  the 
54th,  55th.  56th  and  57th  congresses,  1894-1903. 

McCLELLAN,  Henry  Brainerd,  educator,  was 
born  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Oct.  17,  1840  ;  son  of 
Dr.  Samuel  and  Margaret  Carswell  (Ely)  McClel 
lan  ;  grandson  of  James  McClellan,  of  Woodstock, 
Conn.,  and  of  the  Rev.  Dr.  Ezra  Styles  Ely  of 
Philadelphia,  Pa.;  great-grandson  of  Gen.  Samuel 
McClellan  of  the  Revolution,  and  a  descendant  of 
William  Bradford,  governor  of  Plymouth  Colony. 
He  graduated  from  Williams.  A.  B.,  1858,  A.M., 
1869  ;  and  taught  school  in  Cumberland  county, 
Va.,  1858-61.  He  served  in  the  Confederate 
army,  1861-65  ;  was  adjutant  of  the  3d  Vir 
ginia  cavalry  in  the  Army  of  Northern  Virginia, 
1862-63,  and  major  and  assistant  adjutant-general 
of  the  cavalry  corps  of  that  army.  1H63-65.  He 
served  on  the  staff  of  Gen.  Robert  E.  Lee  by  ap 
pointment  from  May  to  August.  1864,  and  was 
chief  of  staff  of  the  cavalry  corps  of  Gen.  J.  E. 
B.  Stuart  and  of  Wade  Hampton.  1863-65.  After 
the  close  of  the  war  he  resided  in  Cumberland 
county,  Va.,  and  in  1870»became  principal  of  the 
Say  re  Female  Institute  in  Lexington,  Ky.  He 
was  married,  Dec.  31,  1863,  to  Catherine  M.  Mat 
thews  of  Cumberland  county,  Va.  He  is  the 
author  of  The  Life  and  Campaigns  of  Major- 
General  J.  E.  B.  Stuart. 


McCLELLAN,  Robert,  representative,  was 
born  in  Livingston,  N.Y.,  Oct.  2, 1806  ;  son  of  Dr. 
John  and  Sarah  (Jones)  McClellan  ;  grandson  of 
Col.  Hugh  and  Jane  (Henry)  McClellan,  and 
great-grandson  of  Samuel  and  Sarah  (Wilson) 
McClellan,  who  came  from  Scotland  in  1749  and 
settled  in  Colerain,  Mass.  Robert  was  graduated 
at  Williams  college.  1825;  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1828,  and  practised  in  Middleboro,  N.Y., 
1828-43.  He  was  a  Democratic;  representative 
in  the  25th  congress,  1837-39.  In  congress  lie  ad 
vocated  the  establishment  of  an  independent 
treasury  and  favored  the  claims  of  the  heirs  of 
Fulton  to  remuneration  as  the  inventor  of  the 
steamboat.  In  1839  he  removed  to  Hudson, 
N.Y.,  where  he  practised  law.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  the  27th  congress,  1X41-43  and  in 
1858  retired  on  account  of  ill  health.  He  died 
in  Greenpoint,  N.Y.,  June  28,  1860. 

McCLELLAN,  Samuel,  soldier,  was  born  in 
Worcester,  Mass.,  Jan.  4,  1730;  son  of  William 
and  Jeannie  (Calhoun)  McClellan,  and  grandson 
of  James  McClellan,  the  Scotch  immigrant,  who 
came  to  America  from  the  north  of  Ireland.  He 
was  an  officer  in  the  French  and  Indian  wars. 
was  wounded  in  the  service  and  in  1773  became 
captain  of  a  troop  of  horse  in  Woodstock,  Conn., 
to  where  he  had  removed.  In  1776  he  marched 
his  company  to  Dorchester,  on  receipt  of  the 
news  of  the  battle  of  Lexington.  He  was  at 
tached  to  the  12th  regiment  of  Connecticut  in 
fantry  and  served  successively  under  commission 
from  Gov.  John  Trumbull  as  major,  lieutenant- 
colonel  and  colonel  of  the  regiment,  stationed  at 
New  London,  Conn.,  and  on  the  Hudson  river, 
advancing  £1000  to  pay  his  men  in  1778.  On 
June  10,  1779.  he  was  commissioned  by  the  gov 
ernor  brigadier-general  and  commanded  the  5th 
brigade,  state  militia.  General  Washington  urged 
him  to  join  the  Continental  army,  offering  him 
promotion  above  his  rank  in  the  state  militia, 
but  he  declined.  He  represented  Woodstock  in 
the  state  legislature  in  1775.  He  was  married 
Nov.  16,  1757,  to  Jemima,  daughter  of  William 
and  Jemima  (Bradbury)  Chandler.  She  died 
April  13,  1764,  and  he  married  secondly,  March  5, 
1766,  Rachel,  daughter  of  Joshua  and  Mary 
(Ripley)  Abbe  of  Windham,  Conn.,  who  died 
Jan.  22,  1795;  and  thirdly.  July  3,  1798.  Eunice 
Follansbee  of  Worcester,  Mass.,  who  died  Nov.  7, 
1839.  He  died  in  Woodstock.  Conn.,  Oct.  17,  1X07. 

McCLELLAN,  Thomas  Nicholas,  jurist,  was 
born  in  Limestone  county,  Ala.,  Feb.  23,  1853  ; 
son  of  Thomas  Joyce  and  Martha  Fleming 
(Beattie)  McClellan  :  grandson  of  William  and 
Matilda  Caroline  (Joyce)  McClellan  and  of  John 
and  Joanna  (Moore)  Beattie  ;  and  of  Scotch  an 
cestors  who  came  to  Virginia,  removed  to  North 
Carolina  and  thence  to  Tennessee  early  in  the 

!iOO] 


MCCLELLAND 


McCLERNAND 


nineteenth  century.  He  was  a  student  at  Oak 
Hill  college  and  Cumberland  university,  Tenn., 
and  was  graduated  from  Lebanon  Law  school  in 
1872.  He  practised  at  Athens,  Ala.,  with  his 
brother  Robert  Alexander  McClellan,  1872-84. 
He  served  in  the  state  senate,  1880-84  :  as  attor 
ney-general  of  Alabama,  1884-89;  as  associate 
justice  of  the  state  supreme  court.  1889-98;  and 
in  1898  was  made  chief  justice  of  the  court  for  the 
term  expiring  in  November,  1904. 

McCLELLAND,  Alexander,  clergyman,  was 
born  in  Schenectady,  N.Y.,  in  1794.  He  was 
graduated  from  Union  college  in  1809  ;  studied 
theology  under  Dr.  J.  M.  Mason,  and  was  licensed 
by  the  Associate  Reformed  Presbytery  of  New 
York  in  1815.  He  was  pastor  of  the  Rutgers 
Street  Presbyterian  church  in  New  York  city, 
1815-21  ;  professor  of  rhetoric,  logic  and  meta 
physics  at  Dickinson  college,  Carlisle,  Pa.,  1821- 
29  ;  of  languages  at  Rutgers  college,  New  Bruns 
wick,  N.J.,  1829-32;  and  of  Oriental  languages 
and  literature  there,  1832-57.  He  was  also  pro 
fessor  of  the  evidences  of  Christianity  in  the 
Seminary  of  the  Reformed  Dutch  church,  at  New 
Brunswick,  1840-51.  He  travelled  in  Europe, 
1857-58.  He  received  the  degree  of  D.D.  from 
the  College  of  New  Jersey  in  1818  ;  and  from 
Dickinson  college  in  1830.  He  is  the  author  of  : 
Manual  of  Sacred  Interpretation  (1842);  Canon 
aud  Interpretation  of  Scriptures  (I860);  Ser 
mons  with  a  sketch  of  his  life  by  the  Rev.  R. 
W.  Dickinson  (1867).  He  died  in  New  Bruns 
wick.  N.J.,  Dec.  19,  18(54. 

McCLELLAND,  Robert,  governor  of  Michi 
gan,  was  born  in  Greencastle,  Pa.,  Aug.  1,  1807  ; 
son  of  Dr.  John  McClelland.  He  was  graduated 
from  Dickinson  college  in  1829,  engaged  in 
teaching,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  at  Cham- 

bersburg,  Pa.,  in 
1831.  He  practised 
law  in  Pittsburg,  Pa., 
in  1832  ;  and  removed 
to  Monroe.  Mich.  Ty., 
in  1833.  He  was  mar 
ried  in  1837  to  Sarah 
E.  Sabin  of  Williams- 
town,  Mass.  He  was 
a  delegate  from  the 
second  district  to  the 
first  constitutional 
convention  that  met 
in  Detroit,  May  11, 
1835.  was  represent 
ative  in  the  Michi 
gan  legislature  in 
1839,  1840  and  1843.  and  was  speaker  in  1843. 
He  was  a  Democratic  representative  from  the 
first  Michigan  district  in  the  28th,  29th  and 
30th  congresses.  1843-49,  and  while  in  congress 


[201] 


he  was  chairman  of  the  committee  on  com 
merce  and  supported  the  Wilmot  proviso.  He 
was  a  delegate  to  the  Democratic  national  con 
vention,  Baltimore,  May  22,  1848.  and  to  the 
Michigan  constitutional  convention  at  Lansing, 
June  3,  1850  ;  president  of  the  Democratic  state 
convention  of  1850  ;  and  delegate  to  the  Demo 
cratic  national  convention  at  Baltimore.  June  1, 
1852.  He  was  elected  governor  of  Michigan  in 
1850  and  brought  the  state  government  into 
operation  under  the  new  constitution.  lie  was 
re-elected  for  a  term  of  two  years  and  was  in 
augurated,  Jan.  5,  1853,  resigning  the  office  in 
March.  1853,  to  accept  the  position  of  secretary 
of  the  interior  in  President  Pierce's  cabinet,  serv 
ing  1853-57.  He  settled  in  Detroit,  Mich.,  in 
1857,  and  was  a  delegate  to  the  state  constitu 
tional  convention  from  Wayne  county,  May  15, 
1867.  He  was  an  original  regent  of  the  Univer 
sity  of  Michigan,  1837,  and  again  1850-52.  He 
died  in  Detroit,  Mich.,  Aug.  30.  1880. 

McCLELLAND,  Thomas,  educator,  was  born 
in  county  Deny,  Ireland,  May  1,  1846.  He  was 
graduated  at  Oberlin  college,  Ohio,  A.B..  1875, 
and  studied  theology  at  the  Oberlin  (1875-76), 
Union  (1878-79),  and  Andover  (1879-80)  theolog 
ical  seminaries.  He  was  graduated  at  the  last 
named  in  1880,  and  was  ordained  by  the  Congre 
gational  association,  at  Council  Bluffs.  Iowa, 
June  13,  1882.  He  was  professor  of  mental  and 
moral  philosophy,  Tabor  college,  Iowa,  1880-91  ; 
president  of  Pacific  university,  Forest  Grove, 
Ore.,  1891-1900,  and  in  1900  he  was  elected  presi 
dent  of  Knox  college,  Galesburg,  111.  He  re 
ceived  the  degree  of  A.M.  from  Oberlin  in  1888 
and  that  of  D.D.  from  Tabor  in  1891. 

McCLERNAND,  John  Alexander,  representa 
tive,  was  born  near   Hardinsburg.  Ky.,  May  30. 
1812  ,  the  only  son  of  Dr.  John  and  Fatima  (Cum 
mins)  Seaton  McCler- 
11  and,    and   grandson 
of  Alexander  McCler- 
nand.      of       Antrim, 
Ireland.     His  father, 
a   political  exile,  left 
Ireland        in        1801, 
landed    in     Philadel 
phia     Pa,.,    and     set 
tled      near     Hardins 
burg.        Ky.,       from 
whence    he   removed 
in    1813  to  Shawnee- 
town,  111.,    where  he 
died    in    1816.      John 
was  brought  up  on  a 
farm,  studied  law  un 
der  Henry  Eddy,  1829-32,  and  was  admitted  to  the 
bar.     In  1832  he   volunteered   for  service  in   the 
Black  Hawk  war  and  engaged  in  trading  on  the 


McCLINTOCK 


McCLINTOCK 


Oliio  and  Mississippi  river,  18-33-34.     He  resumed 
his  law  practice  and  established  the  Democrat  at 
ShawneetowM,  111.,  in  1835,  and  was  a  representa 
tive  in  the  Illinois  legislature,  1836-42,  where  lie 
defended  President  Jackson  against  an  attack  by 
Governor  Duncan.      He   was  married  in  1843  to 
Sarah,  daughter   of  Colonel   Dunlap,  of  Jackson 
ville,  111.     He  was  appointed    by   the  legislature 
commissioner  and    treasurer  of   the   Illinois  and 
Michigan  canal.    He  was  a  presidential  elector  on 
the  Van  Buren  and  Johnson  ticket  in  1840.  and 
a  Democratic  representative  from  Illinois  in   the 
28th,  29th.  30th,  31st,  36th  and    37th  congresses, 
1843-.")!,  and  1859-61.     lie  resigned  his  seat  in  the 
37th  congress  to  enter  the  U.S.  volunteer   army. 
He  raised  a  brigade  made  up  of  Illinois  men  with 
the  aid   of   X.    B.   Buford,    John    A.  Logan  and 
Philip    B.   Fouke.  and  was  appointed    brigadier- 
general  of  volunteers  by  President  Lincoln  in  1861. 
At  the  battle  of  Belmont  he  commanded  the  1st 
brigade  of  Grant's  army,  and  at  the  capture   of 
Fort  Donelson  the  1st  division  made  up  of  Ogles- 
by's.  W.  H.  L.  Wallace's  and  William  R.   Morri 
son's  brigades.     He  was  promoted  major-general 
of  volunteers,  March  21.   1862.     He   commanded 
the  1st  division,  Army  of  the  Tennessee,  at   the 
battle  of  Sliiloh,  April  6-7,  1862.     In  the  Vicks- 
burg  campaign,    May    1-July  4,    1863,    he    com 
manded  the  13th  army  corps.     He  took  part   in 
the  engagements  at  Port  Gibson,  April  30  to  May 
1,    1862;    Champion    Hills.  May    16,    1863;     and 
Black   River  Bridge,  May    17,    1863,    and   at  the 
.siege  of  Vicksburg.     He  was  charged  by  General 
Grant  with  not  supporting  the  troops  engaged  in 
the   battle   of    Champion   Hills,    and   his  action 
caused  General  Grant  to  countermand  an  order 
he  had  given   General  Hovey  on  the  field,  and 
McClernand  was  relieved   of  his  command  soon 
after  the  surrender  of  Vicksburg.     He  was  rein 
stated  by  President   Lincoln,  Jan.  31,  1864,  but 
resigned  from  the  army  on  account  of  ill  health, 
Nov.  30,  1864,  and  resumed  the  practice  of  law  at 
Springfield,  111.,  in  1865.    He  was  circuit  judge  for 
the  Sangamon  district,  1870-73  ;  chairman  of  the 
Democratic  national  convention  at  St.  Louis,  Mo., 
in  1876,  and  was  appointed  a  member  of  the  Utah 
commission  by  President  Cleveland  in  1886.     He 
died  in  Springfield.  111..  Sept.  20,  1900. 

McCLINTOCK,  John,  educator,  was  born  in 
Philadelphia.  Pa..  Oct.  27.  1814  ;  son  of  John  and 
Martha  (McMackin)  McClintock.  natives  of  Ire 
land.  He  studied  at  Wesleyan  university,  Conn., 
for  a  short  time  in  1831  ;  was  a  clerk  in  Philadel 
phia  and  bookkeeper  in  the  Methodist  Book  Con 
cern,  New  York  city,  1828-32,  and  was  graduated 
from  the  University  of  Pennsylvania.  A.B.,  1835, 
A.M.,  1838.  He  entered  the  Philadelphia  Confer- 
ference  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church  in 
1835  ;  was  assistant  professor  of  mathematics  in 


Dickinson  college,  1836-39,  and  professor  of  an 
cient  classics,  1840-48.  He  was  editor  of  the 
Methodist  Review,  1848-56  ;  a  member  of  the  gen 
eral  conferences  of  185(5  and  1868  :  delegate  to  the 
Evangelical  alliance,  Berlin.  1S56:  fraternal  dele 
gate  to  the  Wesleyan  Methodist  conference  of 
England,  and  to  the 
Irish,  French  and 
German  conferences, 

1856,  and    the   same 
year    he   was    trans 
ferred     to     the    New 
York  conference.    1  It- 
was    president    elect 
of     Troy    university, 
1857-58  ;  declined  the 
presidency    of     Wes 
leyan     university    in 

1857,  and     was     sta 
tioned   at    St.   Paul's 
church,     New    York, 
1857-60.  He  was  mar 
ried  in  1836  to  Caro 
line,  daughter  of  Jabez  Wakeman,  of  Jersey  City, 
N.J.,  and  secondly  in  1857  to  Catharine  Wilkins 
(Stevenson)     Emory,     daughter   of   Dr.    George 
Stevenson,    of   Pittsburgh,    Pa.,     and    widow   of 
Robert    Emory    (q.v.).     He    was   pastor   of    the 
American   chapel  at   Paris  under  the  American 
and   Foreign    Christian   Union,  1860-63,  and  ad 
vocated  in  France  and  England  the  cause  of  the 
north.     He  was  corresponding  editor  of  the  Meth 
odist,  *1 860-64  ;  was   chairman  of   the  centenary 
committee  of  Methodism,  1866.  and  in  co-opera 
tion  with  Daniel  Drew,  he  established  the  Drew 
Theological  seminary  at  Madison.  N.J.,  and  was 
president  of  the  seminary  and  professor  of  prac 
tical  theology,  1867-70.     The  honorary  degree  of 
D.D.  was  conferred  on  him  by  the  University  of 
Pennsylvania  in  1848,  and  that  of  LL.D.  by  Rut 
gers    college   in    1866.      He     edited    Sketciies    of 
Eminent   Methodist    Ministers    (1854)  ;    Bungeii- 
er's  "  History  of  the  Council  of  Trent''   and   six 
centenary    hymns     by    George   Lansing    Taylor 
(1866);  wrote,   with    Prof.    George  R.   Crooks,  A 
First  Book  in  Latin  (1846).  and  A  First  Book  in 
Greek  (1848)  ;   and  is  the    author   of:  .4   Second 
Book   in   Greek  (1850):  .4   Second  Book  in  Latin 
(1853),    and    Th?.    Temporal    Power   of  the   Pope 
(1855).  and.  with  James  Strong,  The  Ci/dopredia 
of  Biblical,  Theological  and  Ecclesiastical  Litera 
ture  (12    vols..    1867-82).     He    lived   to   see  only 
three  volumes  published  but  his  name  is  attached 
to  the  whole  series.    He  wrote  the  introduction  to 
"Anecdotes  of  the  Weslcys"  by  J.  B.   Wakeley 
(1869).  Living  Words  or  Unwritten  Sermonsofthe 
Late  John  McClintock,  D.D. .LL.D..  with  preface 
by  Bishop  James,  was  published  in  1871.  and  Lec 
tures,  by  the  late  John  McClintock,  D.D.,  LL.D,  on 

[202] 


McCLINTOCK 


MeCLOSKKY 


the  Theological  Encyclopedia  and  Methodology, 
edited  by  John  T.  Short,  B.D.,  with  introduction 
by  James  Strong,  S.T.D.,  in  1873.  He  died  in 
Madison,  N.Y..  March  4,  1870. 

flcCLlNTOCK,  Samuel,  clergyman,  was  born 
in  Medford.  Mass..  May  1,  1732.  of  Scotch-Irish 
descent.  He  was  graduated  from  the  College  of 
New  Jersey  in  1751  ;  declined  a  tutorship  there  in 
that  year,  and  was  ordained  pastor  of  the  Con 
gregational  church  at  Greenland,  N.H.,  in  1756, 
\vhere  he  ministered  for  forty-eight  years,  during 
which  time  the  last  Sunday  of  his  life  was  the 
only  one  on  which  he  was  unable  to  perform  his 
usual  Sabbath  duties.  He  served  as  chaplain  in 
the  French  war,  and  repeatedly  to  portions  of  the 
New  Hampshire  troops  during  the  Revolution. 
He  was  present  at  the  battle  of  Bunker  Hill,  June 
17,  1775,  as  represented  in  Trumbull's  picture  of 
that  battle.  He  also  had  four  sons  who  served  in 
the  war  of  the  Revolution,  three  of  whom  died 
before  peace  was  established.  He  received  the 
degree  of  A.M.  from  the  College  of  New  Jersey 
and  from  Harvard  in  1761,  and  that  of  D.D.  from 
Yale  in  1791.  He  engaged  in  a  theological  con 
troversy  with  the  Rev.  J.  C.  Ogden.  an  Episcopal 
clergyman  of  Portsmouth,  Mass.,  in  1787,  occa 
sioned  by  Bishop  Seabury's  sermon  on  apostolic 
succession  at  the  ordination  of  Mr.  Ogden,  and 
the  controversy  ended  in  Mr.  Ogden  being  ejected 
from  his  parish.  He  is  the  author  of  :  A  Sermon 
on  the  Justice  of  (lod  in  flic  Mortality  of  Man 
(1759):  The  Artifice*  of  Deeeirers  Detected  and 
Christians  Warned  against  Tliem  (1770):  Hero- 
dias,  or  ( 'melt//  and  1-teremje  the  Effects  of  Unhiw- 
fnl  Pleasure  ( 1775) :  A  Sermon  at  the  Connnence- 
ment  of  the  New  Constitiifion  of  New  Hampshire 
(l~$4);  An  Epistolary  Correspondence  in'IJi  J-ter. 
John  C.  Ogden  (1791):  The  Choice  ( 1798) :  An 
Oration  Commemorative  of  Wasliimjton.  (1800). 
He  died  in  Greenland,  N.H.,  April  27.  1804. 

flcCLISH,  Eli,  educator,  was  born  in  Rains- 
ville.  Ind..  Oct.  3,  1846  :  son  of  James  and  Eliza 
beth  (West)  McClisli,  and  grandson  of  John  and 
A/ubah  (Wilson)  West,  who  emigrated  from 
Scotland.  He  enlisted  as  a  volunteer  in  the  U.S. 
arm}1  in  1863,  and  served  under  Sherman.  1863-65. 
He  was  graduated  from  the  Northwestern  uni 
versity,  A.B.,  1874,  A.M.,  1876.  B.D..  1877.  He 
was  married  in  1872  to  Louisa  Adelaide  Clarke. 
He  was  pastor  in  the  Central  Illinois  conference 
of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church.  1877-84:  pres 
ident  of  Grand  Prairie  seminary,  1884-91,  and  pas 
tor  of  ({race  M.  E.  church,  San  Francisco,  Cal., 
1891-96.  He  declined  the  presidency  of  the  Uni 
versity  of  the  Pacific  in  1891,  but  accepted  the 
office  in  1896.  He  received  the  degree  of  D.D. 
from  Northwestern  university  in  1887.  Clarke 
Loring  McClish.  A.P>.  University  of  the  Paci 
fic,  M.D.  University  of  California,  was  his  son. 


ncCLOSKEY,  John,  cardinal,  was  born  in 
Brooklyn,  N.Y.,  March  20,  1810.  His  parents 
emigrated  from  county  Londonderry,  Ireland, 
to  New  York,  where  his  father  died  in  1820.  He 
was  graduated  from  Mount  St.  Mary's  college, 
Emmitsburg,  Md., 
A.B.,  1828,  A.M., 
1831.  and  from  the 
theological  depart 
ment  of  that  institu 
tion  in  1834.  He  was 
ordained  Jan.  12, 
1834,  in  St.  Patrick's 
cathedral.  New  York 
city,  by  Bishop  Du- 
Bois,  and  was  sent 
to  Rome,  where  he 
continued  his  studies 
at  the  college  of  the 
Propaganda,  1835-37. 
On  his  return  to 
New  York  he  was 

appointed  pastor  of  St.  Joseph's  church,  Nov. 
1,  1837,  and  upon  the  opening  of  St.  John's  col 
lege,  Ford  ham,  he  was  appointed  by  Bishop 
Hughes  first  president  of  the  college,  June  24, 
1841.  He  held  this  office  until  1842,  when  he  re 
signed  and  returned  to  his  parochial  duties.  He 
was  appointed  bishop  of  Axiere  and  coadjutor  to 
the  Bishop  of  New  York,  Nov.  21,  1843,  and  was 
consecrated  by  Bishop  Hughes,  assisted  by  Bish 
ops  Fen  wick  of  Boston,  and  Whelan  of  Rich 
mond,  Va.,  March  10,  1844.  After  the  creation  of 
the  sees  of  Albany  and  Buffalo,  April  23, 1847,  he 
was  transferred  to  Albany.  May  21,  1847,  where 
he  introduced  numerous  religious  orders,  built 
the  Cathedral  of  the  Immaculate  Conception  and 
founded  the  theological  seminary  at  Troy,  N.Y. 
On  May  6,  1864,  he  was  promoted  to  New  York  as 
successor  to  Archbishop  Hughes,  who  died  Jan. 
3,  1864,  and  he  was  installed  Aug.  21,  1864.  He 
was  created  a  cardinal  priest  of  the  Holy  Roman 
church  under  the  title  of  Sancta  Maria  supra  Mi- 
nervam,  March  15,  1875,  and  the  baretta  was  con 
ferred  on  him  by  Archbishop  Bayley,  April  27, 
1875.  He  took  possession  of  his  titular  church, 
Sept.  30,  1875,  and  on  May  25,  1879.  he  dedicated 
St.  Patrick's  cathedral  on  Fifth  avenue.  New 
York,  the  corner  stone  of  which  was  laid  by 
Archbishop  Hughes,  Aug.  15.  1858,  and  to  which 
Archbishop  McCloskey  personally  contributed 
§30.000.  Failing  health  caused  him  to  ask  for  a 
coadjutor  in  1880.  and  Bishop  M.  A.  Corrigan  was 
appointed  Oct.  1,  1880.  Cardinal  McCloskey  died 
in  New  York  city.  Oct.  10.  1885. 

flcCLOSKEY,  John,  educator,  was  born  in 
Ireland  in  1815.  He  entered  Mount  St.  Mary's 
college,  Emmitsburg,  Md..in  1829,  and  was  grad 
uated  A.B.,  1833,  A.M.,  1836.  He  made  his  theo- 


McCLOSKEY 


McCLURE 


logical  studies  at  Mt.  St.  Mary's  seminary,  and 
was  ordained  a  priest  by  Bishop  Hughes  of  New 
York  in  1841.  The  same  year  he  was  made  a 
member  of  the  faculty  of  Mount  St.  Mary's  col 
lege,  and  was  elected  vice-president  and  treasurer. 
In  1871  lie  was  elected  president  and  remained  in 
that  office  until  1877,  when  he  resigned.  He  was 
re-elected  in  1879,  and  remained  at  his  post  up  to 
the  time  of  his  death,  which  occurred  at  Emmits- 
burg.  Md.,  Dec.  21,  18SO. 

McCLOSKEY,  William  George,  R.C.  bishop, 
was  born  in  Brooklyn,  N.Y.,  Nov.  10, 18:23  ;  son  of 
George  and  Ellen  McCloskey.  He  graduated  at 
Mount  St.  Mary's  college,  Eminitsburg,  Md..  1840  ; 
entered  Mt.  St.  Mary's  seminary  in  1840,  received 
minor  orders  and  subdeaconship  from  Arch 
bishop  Eccleston  in  1850,  and  was  ordained  priest, 
Oct.  6,  1852,  in  St.  Patrick's  cathedral,  New  York 
city,  by  Archbishop  Hughes,  who  sent  him  as 
assistant  to  his  brother,  the  Rev.  George  Mc 
Closkey,  at  the  Church  of  the  Nativity  in  New 
York  city.  He  remained  there  one  year,  when  he 
was  appointed  professor  of  English  and  after 
ward  of  Latin  in  Mount  St.  Mary's.  In  1857  he 
succeeded  Archbishop  Elder  as  director  of  Mt. 
St.  Mary's  seminary  and  became  professor  of 
moral  theology  and  sacred  scripture.  In  1859  he 
was  appointed  by  Pope  Pius  IX.  first  president  of 
the  newly  founded  American  college  in  Rome, 
which  position  he  filled  until  1868,  when  he  was 
elected  bishop  of  Louisville,  March  16,  and  was 
consecrated  in  the  college  church,  S.  Maria  dell' 
Umilta,  on  May  24,  1868,  by  Cardinal  August 
Charles  de  Reisach,  who  was  assisted  by  Mgr.  de 
Merode,  archbishop  of  Militene,  and  Mgr.  Nobile 
Vitelleschi,  archbishop  of  Osimo  and  Cingoli. 
On  reaching  the  United  States  he  assumed  charge 
of  his  diocese  where,  in  1901,  he  was  still  in  the 
active  discharge  of  his  manifold  duties  in  a 
territory  embracing  an  area  of  over  22,000  square 
miles. 

McCLUNEY,  William  J.,  naval  officer,  was 
warranted  midshipman  in  the  U.S.  navy,  Jan.  1, 
1812,  and  his  first  battle  was  the  action  between 
the  Wasp  and  the  Frolic,  Oct.  18,  1812.  He  was 
promoted  lieutenant,  April  1,  1818,  and  com 
mander,  Dec.  9,  1839.  He  served  in  Commodore 
Conner's  fleet  in  the  operations  at  Vera  Cruz 
which  led  to  the  landing  of  General  Scott's  army 
and  the  surrender  of  the  place,  March  29.1847, 
and  was  promoted  captain,  Oct.  13.  1851.  He  com 
manded  the  Poivhatan  on  Commodore  Perry's 
Japan  expedition,  1853-56,  and  next  served  as  gen 
eral  supervisor  of  the  construction  of  the  Stevens 
battery,  Hoboken,  N.  J.,  1857-58.  He  commanded, 
the  Atlantic  squadron,  1858-60;  was  placed  on  the 
retired  list,  Dec.  21,  1861  ;  and  was  commissioned 
commodore  on  the  retired  list.  July  16,  1862.  He 
died  in  Brooklyn,  N.Y.,  Feb.  11,  1864. 


He 


McCLURE,  Addison  Smith,  representative, 
was  born  in  Woosier.  Ohio,  Oct.  10,  18o(.)  ;  son  of 
Charles  and  Lucetta  McClure  and  grandson  of 
Matthew  McClure.  He  matriculated  at  Jeiferson 
college,  Canonsburg,  Pa.,  but  was  not  graduated. 
He  studied  law  and  practised  in  "VVooster.  Dur 
ing  the  civil  war  he  served  as  sergeant-major  of 
the  4th  Ohio  infantry  and  captain  in  the  Kith 
Ohio  infantry,  1861-64.  He  was  a  Republican  rep 
resentative  from  the  eighteenth  district  of  Ohio 
in  the  47th,  and  from  the  seventeenth  district  in 
the  54th  congresses,  1881-83  and  1895-1)7.  lie 
was  a  delegate  to  the  Republican  national  con 
ventions  at  Chicago,  May  20,  1868,  and  at  Cincin 
nati.  June  14,  1876. 

McCLURE,  Alexander  Kelly,  journalist,  was 
born  in  Sherman's  Valley,  Perry  county.  Pa., 
Jan.  9,  1828:  son  of  Alexander  and  Isabella 
(Anderson)  McClure  :  grandson  of  "William  Mc 
Clure;  and  of  Scotch  and  Irish  ancestry, 
was  reared  on  his 

father's      farm,      re-  „_- — - 

ceived  his  education 
at  home  and  was  ap 
prenticed  to  James 
Marshall,  a  tanner, 
for  whom  lie  served, 
1843-46.  He  began 
his  editorial  career 
at  the  age  of  nine 
teen  as  editor  of  a 
Whig  organ,  the 
Juniata  Sentinel,  at 
MifHintown,  Pa., 

1846-52  ;  was  a  bur 
gess  of  Mifflintown  in 
1850,  and  was  commis 
sioned  a  member  of  Gov.  William  F.  Johnston's 
staff  with  the  rank  of  colonel  in  1849.  lie  was 
appointed  U.S.  marshal  of  Juniata  county.  Pa., 
in  1850,  commenced  the  study  of  law  with  Davis 
Sharon,  in  that  year,  and  bought  the  Franklin 
Repository  and  published  it  at  Chainbersburg, 
Pa.,  1852-56.  He  was  defeated  for  auditor-gen 
eral  of  Pennsylvania  on  the  Whig  ticket  in  1853, 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1856,  and  became  the 
law  partner  of  his  last  preceptor,  William  Mc- 
Lellan.  He  was  appointed  superintendent  of 
public  printing  by  Governor  Pollock  of  Pennsyl 
vania  in  1855,  but  after  eight  months  resigned 
the  office.  He  was  a  member  of  the  convention 
that  organized  the  Republican  party  at  Pittsburg, 
Pa.,  in  1855  ;  superintendent  of  the  Erie  and 
Northwestern  railroad  in  1856,  when  he  succeeded 
in  quelling  the  riots  ;  a  member  of  the  state  leg 
islature,  1857-58,  and  a  state  senator  in  1859.  He 
was  a  delegate  to  the  Republican  national  con 
ventions  of  1856,  1864  and  1868.  and  was  engaged 
again  in  publishing  the  Franklin  Repository  at 


[204] 


McCLURE 


McCLURG 


Chainbersburg,  1862-07.  He  was  chairman  of  the 
Republican  state  central  committee  in  I860,  a 
state  senator  and  chairman  of  the  committee  on 
military  affairs  in  1861,  and  was  commissioned 
assistant  adjutant-general  of  the  United  States 
by  President  Lincoln  in  1862,  and  organized  the 
draft  in  Pennsylvania.  With  assistance  of  two 
clerks  lie  had  all  matters  adjusted  and  seventeen 
regiments  in  the  field  within  two  months.  He 
was  a  delegate  at  large  from  Pennsylvania  to  the 
Republican  national  convention  at  Baltimore, 
June  7.  18(54.  and  was  a  representative  in  the 
state  legislature  in  1804.  His  property  at  Cham- 
bersburg  was  destroyed  by  McCausland's  brig 
ade  in  1804.  He  settled  in  Philadelphia  and 
practised  law  there,  1868-75,  and  in  the  latter 
year  established  with  Frank  McLaughlin  The 
Times  at  Philadelphia,  of  which  he  was  manager 
and  editor-in-chief  until  March,  11)01,  when  he 
retired.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  Republican 
national  convention  at  Chicago,  May  20,  1868, 
and  chairman  of  the  delegation  ;  chairman  of 
the  Pennsylvania  delegation  to  the  Liberal  Re 
publican  national  convention  at  Cincinnati,  Ohio, 
May  1,  1872,  that  nominated  Horace  Greeley  for 
the  presidency,  and  of  the  Liberal  Republican 
state  committee  in  1872.  He  served  a  third  term 
in  the  Pennsylvania  senate  in  1872  and  was  de 
feated  for  the  office  of  mayor  of  Philadelphia  by 
Mayor  Stokley  in  1874.  He  received  the  degree 
of  LL.D.  from  Washington  and  Lee  university  in 
1887.  He  was  married,  Feb.  10,  1852,  to  Matilda 
S. ,  daughter  of  James  Gray  of  Mifflin town,  and 
on  March  19.  1879,  to  Cora  M..  daughter  of  Ed 
ward  Gratz  of  Philadelphia.  He  is  the  author  of  : 
Tliree  Thousand  Miles  through  the  Rocky  Moun 
tain*  (1809);  The  South  (1880);  Lincoln  and  Men 
of  War  Times  (1892);  Our  Presidents  and  How 
We  Make  Them  (1900);  To  the  Pacific  and  Mexico 
(1901):  Life  of  William  McKinley  (1901). 

flcCLURE,  James  Gore  King,  educator,  was 
born  in  Albany,  N.Y.,  Nov.  24,  1848;  son  of 
Archibald  and  Susan  Tracy  (Rice)  McClure  and 
grandson  of  Archibald  and  Elizabeth  (Craigmiles) 
McClure.  His  first  ancestor  in  America  on  his 
mother's  side,  Edmund  Rice,  was  one  of  the 
founders  of  Marlborough  and  Sudbury,  Mass.,  in 
1638.  James  was  graduated  from  the  Albany, 
N.Y..  academy,  1865  ;  from  Phillips- Andover 
academy,  1866  ;  from  Yale,  A.B.,  1870,  and  from 
Princeton  Theological  seminary,  1873.  He  was 
ordained  to  the  Presbyterian  ministry  in  1874  and 
was  pastor  of  the  New  Scotland,  N.Y.,  Presbyte 
rian  church,  1874-79.  He  was  married.  Nov. 
19,  1879,  to  Annie  P.,  daughter  of  the  Hon.  Na 
than  F.  Dixon  of  Westerly,  R.  I.  He  travelled  in 
Europe,  Palestine,  Greece  and  Egypt,  1880-81  ; 
was  installed  as  pastor  of  the  Lake  Forest,  111., 
Presbyterian  church,  1881,  and  was  elected  pres 


ident  of  Lake  Forest  university  in  1897.  The 
honorary  degree  of  D.D.  was  conferred  on  him 
by  Lake  Forest  university  in  1888.  He  is  the 
author  of  :  History  of  New  Scotland  Presbyterian 
Church  (1876);  Possibilities  (1896);  The  Man 
Who  Wanted  to  Help  (1897);  Environment  (1899); 
The  Great  Appeal  (1899). 

HcCLURQ,  Alexander  Caldwell,  publisher, 
was  born  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Sept.  9,  1832  ;  son 
of  Alexander  and  Sarah  (Trevor)  McClurg; 
grandson  of  Joseph  and  Ann  (Caldwell)  McClurg 
and  of  Samuel  and  Sarah  (Bond)  Trevor.  Joseph 
McClurg  came  to 
Pittsburg,  Pa.,  from  ,,--,, 

Ireland  in  1798  with 
his  son  Alexander, 
born  in  Coleraine, 
Ireland,  in  1786,  and 
his  wife.  Sarah  Trev 
or,  born  in  Upton, 
England,  in  1790. 
Alexander  Caldwell 
T.IcClurg  was  gra 
duated  from  Miami 
university, A. B.,  1853, 
A.M.,  1856.  He  studied 
law  one  year  in  Pitts- 
burg,  was  a  clerk 
in  the  employ  of 
S.  C.  Griggs  &  Co.,  booksellers,  Chicago,  III.. 
1859-62,  and  in  August,  1802,  he  enlisted  as  a 
private  in  Co.  H,  88th  Illinois  volunteers,  and  was 
almost  immediately  unanimously  promoted  cap 
tain  of  the  company.  In  1862  he  was  detailed  at 
Nashville  as  judge  advocate  of  a  general  court- 
martial.  In  May,  1863,  General  McCook  tendered 
him  a  position  on  his  staff,  and  when  General  Mc 
Cook  was  relieved  from  command  Captain  Mc 
Clurg  was  made  assistant  adjutant-general  of 
General  Baird's  division  and  held  this  position 
through  the  battles  of  Chattanooga  and  Mission 
ary  Ridge,  November,  1863.  On  April  12,  1864, 
he  was  made  adjutant-general  of  the  14th  army 
corps,  Gen.  John  M.  Palmer,  and  when  Gen. 
Jefferson  C.  Davis  succeeded  to  the  command  of 
the  14th  army  corps,  he  was  promoted  lieutenant- 
colonel  and  chief  of  staff  of  the  corps.  He  partic 
ipated  in  the  battles  of  Perryville.  Stone's  River, 
Liberty  Gap,  Chickamauga,  Chattanooga,  Mis 
sionary  Ridge,  Ringgold  Gap,  Tunnel  Hill,  Rocky 
Face  Ridge,  Resaca,  Adairsville,  New  Hope 
church,  Pine  Mountain.  Kenesavv  Mountain  and 
the  other  battles  around  Atlanta,  and  in  Sherman's 
march  to  the  sea  and  through  the  Carolinas.  He 
was  brevetted  colonel  and  brigadier-general, 
March  13.  1865.  He  was  a  partner  in  the  book 
publishing  firm  of  S.  C.  Griggs  &  Co.,  1865-72, 
which  became  Jansen,  McClnrg  &  Co.  in  1872, 
and  A.  C.  McClurg  &  Co.  in  1886.  On  Feb.  12, 


[2051 


McCLURG 


McCOMAS 


1899,  the  establishment  was  wholly  destroyed  by 
fire,  and  Mr.  McClurg  re-established  the  business 
in  the  interests  of  his  faithful  assistants  and  em 
ployes  and  a  large  part  of  the  capital  stock  of 
$600,000  was  purchased  by  them  and  another  por 
tion  was  distributed  among  them.  In  1893  he 
was  appointed  by  President  Cleveland  examiner 
at  the  U.S.  Military  academy,  West  Point,  and  in 
the  same  year  Yale  university  conferred  upon 
him  the  honorary  degree  of  A.M.  He  is  the 
author  of  :  Memorial  of  Jefferson  C.  Davis  (1881), 
and  contributions  to  leading  periodicals.  He 
died  at  St.  Augustine.  Fla..  April  15,  1901. 

McCLURG,  Joseph  Washington,  governor  of 
Missouri,  was  born  in  St.  Louis  county,  Mo., 
Feb.  22,  1818.  He  was  brought  upon  a  faim,  and 
was  graduated  from  Oxford  college,  Ohio,  in 
1835.  He  taught  school  in  Louisiana  and 
Mississippi,  1835-3(5, 
studied  law  in  Texas, 
and  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1841.  lie 
returned  to  Missouri 
in  1844,  and  engaged 
in  mercantile  pur 
suits.  He  was  colonel 
of  the  Osage  regi 
ment  in  the  Federal 
army  and  later  of  a 
cavalry  regiment.  He 
was  a  delegate  to  the 
Missouri  state  con 
ventions  of  1861, 
1862  and  1*03,  and 
a  Republican  re 
presentative  in  the  38th,  3'jth  and  4()th  con 
gresses,  1803-08,  resigning  in  180N.  He  was  a 
delegate  to  the  Republican  national  convention 
at  Baltimore,  June  7,  1864.  and  to  the  Loyalists' 
convention  at  Philadelphia.  Pa.,  in  1800.  He 
was  elected  governor  of  Missouri  by  the  Republi 
can  party,  serving  1809-71,  and  was  defeated  for 
;:  second  term  by  Benjamin  Gratz  Brown  in  1870. 
He  was  receiver  of  public  moneys  at  Springfield, 
1NS9-93.  He  died  at  Lebanon,  Mo.,  Dec.  2,  1900. 
McCOID,  Moses  Ayers,  representative,  was 
born  in  Logan  county,  Ohio.  Nov.  5,  1840  ;  son  of 
Robert  and  Jean  (Bain)  McCoid.  His  paternal 
grandfather,  a  native  and  at  one  time  treasurer 
of  county  Down,  Ireland,  immigrated  to  Amer 
ica  before  1800  and  settled  in  Pennsylvania  :  and 
his  maternal  ancestor,  Quinton  Bain,  a  native  of 
Ayrshire,  Scotland,  and  a  schoolmate  of  Robert 
Burns,  came  to  America,  settled  in  Virginia,  and 
served  in  the  Virginia  troops  under  General 
Washington  during  the  Revolution.  Moses  A. 
McCoid  attended  the  public  schools  of  Ohio ; 
Fairfield  university.  Iowa.  1851-50.  and  Wash 
ington  college,  Pa.,  1850-58,  but  was  not  grad 


uated.  He  returned  to  Jefferson  county.  Iowa, 
in  1858  ;  studied  law  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  the  spring  of  1801.  In  May,  1801,  he  enlisted 
in  the  2d  Iowa  volunteer  infantry,  was  promoted 
2d  lieutenant  in  1862  and  during  the  advance  on 
Corinth,  Miss.,  served  as  acting  adjutant  of  the 
regiment.  He  was  engaged  in  the  battles  of  Fort 
Donelson,  Shiloh,  Corinth,  Bear  Creek,  Resaca 
and  Oostenaula  River,  and  was  discharged  at  the 
expiration  of  his  term,  May  30,  1864.  He  was 
married,  Sept.  7.  1863,  to  Helen,  daughter  of 
Thomas  Ireland  of  Jacksonville.  III.  He  settled 
in  the  practice  of  law  at  Fairtield,  Iowa  ;  was  at 
torney  for  sixth  judicial  district  of  Iowa.  1807- 
71  ;  state  senator  from  Jefferson  count}',  1872-79, 
and  chairman  of  its  judiciary  committee,  1875- 
79.  He  was  a  Republican  representative  from 
the  first  congressional  district  of  Iowa  in  the 
40th,  47th  and  48th  congresses,  1879-85. 

McCOLLESTER,  Sullivan  Holman,  educator, 
was  born  at  Marlborough,  N.H..  Dec.  18,  1820  ; 
son  of  Silas  and  Achsah  (Holman)  McCollester  ; 
grandson  of  Samuel  and  Silence  McCollester,  and  a 
descendant  of  Scotch  ancestors.  He  was  graduated 
from  Norwich  university.  Northlield,  Vt.,  A.M., 
1851 ,  A.M.,  1854  ;  studied  theology  at  the  Harvard 
Divinity  school  and  was  pastor  of  Universalist 
churches  at  Svvanzey,  1853-5S,  and  Westmoreland. 
N.IL.  1858-02.  He  was  president  of  the' state 
board  of  commissioners.  1S54-58  ;  was  principal 
of  a  seminary  at  Deering.  Maine,  1802,  and  in 
1804  he  founded  a  female  college  there  and  was 
its  president,  18(54-72.  He  was  president  of 
Buchtel  college,  Akron.  Ohio,  1X72-7N ;  and 
founded  and  was  pastor  of  th;j  Universalist 
church  at  Bellows  Falls.  Vt.,  187S-S3.  and  of  that 
at  Dover,  N.IL,  1883-8(5.  The  honorary  degree 
of  D.D.  was  conferred  on  him  by  St.  Lawrence 
university,  1874.  He  was  superintendent  of 
schools  in  New  Hampshire  in  1901.  He  is  the 
author  of  :  After  Thoughts  of  Foreign  Travel  in 
Historic  Land  (1880);  Round  tin:  Globe  in  Old 
and  New  Paths  (1891);  ]>abi/1on  and  Nineveh 
through  American  Eyes  (1892);  Mexico,  Old  and 
JNV«<  (1897). 

McCOMAS,  Louis  Emory,  senator,  was  born 
near  Williamsport,  Md.,  Oct.  28.  1840  ;  son  of  Fred 
erick  C.  and  Catharine  (Angle)  McComas.  He 
attended  St.  James  college,  Md..  and  was  gradu 
ated  from  Dickinson  college,  Pa.,  in  1800.  He 
studied  law  with  Col.  James  Wallace  at  Cam 
bridge,  Md.,  and  subsequently  with  Chief-Justice 
R.  II.  Alvey  at  Hagerstown.  Md..  iind  practised 
at  Hagerstown,  1868-92.  He  was  married,  Sept. 
23.  1875.  to  Leah  M.,  daughter  of  Charles  W. 
Ilumrichouse  of  Baltimore,  Md.  He  was  nom 
inated  by  the  Republicans  of  Maryland  for  repre 
sentative  in  the  45th  congress  in  1S77.  but  was  de 
feated  bv  William  Walsh  ;  declined  re-nomination 


[806] 


McCONAUGHY 


McCONNELL 


to  the  46th  congress  in  1878  ;  was  a  representative 
in  the  4Sth-51st  congresses,  1883-91,  and  was  de 
feated  for  the  52d  congress  in  1890.  He  was  a  del 
egate  at  large  to  the  Republican  national  conven 
tions  of  1892  and 
1900.  and  was  secre 
tary  of  the  national 
committee  during  the 
presidential  cam 
paign  of  1892.  He 
was  elected  professor 
of  law  of  evidence 
and  contracts  at 
Georgetown  Univer 
sity  law  school.  D.C., 
in  1895.  He  was  ap 
pointed  a7i  associate 
justice  of  the  supreme 
court  of  the  District 
of  Columbia  by  Pre 
sident  Harrison  in 

1892.  which  office  he  held  until  he  was  elected  to 
the  U.S.  senate  in  1899  to  succeed  Arthur  Pue 
Gorman. 

flcCONAUGHY,  David,  educator,  was  born  in 
York  (now  Adams)  county,  Pa.,  Sept.  29,  1775.  He 
graduated  from  Dickinson  college  in  1795,  and 
was  licensed  to  preach  in  1797.  He  was  pastor 
of  the  United  Christian  churches  at  Upper  Marsh 
Creek  and  Conewago,  Pa.,  1800-31  ,and  was  elected 
principal  of  Washington  college,  Washington, 
Pa.,  Dec.  21,  1831.  He  served  as  president  of 
Washington  college,  1831-49,  resigned  Sept.  27, 
1849,  and  continued  to  reside  in  Washington. 
The  honorary  degree  of  D.D.  \vas  conferred  on 
him  by  Jefferson  college  in  1833,  and  that  of 
LL.D.  by  Washington  college,  in  1849.  He  is  the 
author  of  :  ^1  Brief  Summary  and  Outline  of 
Moral  Science  (1838);  Discourses,  chiefly  Biogra- 
pJiical,  of  Persons  Eminent  in  Sacred  History 
(1850);  besides  many  sermons,  addresses  and 
tracts.  He  died  in  Washington,  Pa.,  Ja?i.  29.  1852. 
flcCONNELL,  Felix  Grundy,  representative, 
was  born  in  Nashville,  Tenn.,  in  1809,  of  humble 
parentage.  He  was  taken  by  his  parents  to 
Fayetteville,  Tenn.,  in  1811,  received  a  limited 
education  and  became  a  saddler.  In  1834  he  re 
moved  to  Talladega,  Ala.,  where  he  studied  law 
and  was  admitted  to  the  bar.  He  was  married 
to  a  daughter  of  William  Hogan  of  Talladega 
county.  He  was  a  representative  in  the  state 
legislature,  1838  ;  a  state  senator,  1839-43  ;  and  a 
Democratic  representative  in  the  28th  and  29th 
congresses,  1843-46.  He  died  by  his  own  hand 
while  ill  in  Washington,  D.C..  Sept.  10,1846. 

McCONNELL,  Samuel  David,  clergyman,  was 
born  in  Westmoreland  county,  Pa.,  Aug.  1.  1846  ; 
son  of  David  and  Agnes  (Guthrie)  McConnell  ; 
grandson  of  David  and  Martha  (Whiteside)  Mc- 

[207] 


Connell  and  great-grandson  of  John  and  Rebecca 
(Kirkpatrick)  McConnell.  He  attended  Elders- 
ridge  academy  and  was  graduated  from  Wash 
ington  and  Jefferson  college,  A.B.,  1868,  A.M., 
1871,  studied  theology  at  Princeton,  1868-70,  and 
was  graduated  from  Nashotah  Theological  sem 
inary,  S.T.B.,  1871.  He  was  admitted  to  the 
diaeonate,  June  11,1872,  and  ordained  priest  in 
1873.  He  was  rector  of  St.  John's,  Erie,  Pa.,  1872- 
74;  Christ  church,  Watertown,  Conn.,  1874-76: 
Cathedral  church,  Middletown,  Conn.,  1N76-82  ; 
rector  of  St.  Stephen's,  Philadelphia,  1882-96  ; 
of  Holy  Trinity,  Brooklyn,  X.Y.,  1896-1902,  and 
in  1902  succeeded  the  Rev.  R.  Heber  Newton 
(q.v.),  as  rectorof  All  Saints',  New  York  city.  He 
was  married,  Sept.  3,  1873.  to  Anna  Bliss,  and  of 
their  sons,  Ellicott  became  assistant  engineer  in 
the  U.S.  navy,  and  Guthrie  became  a  physician. 
He  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Pennsylvania 
Historical  society,  1882.  and  of  the  Royal  Victoria 
institute  of  Great  Britain  in  1900.  The  honorary 
degree  of  D.D.  was  conferred  on  him  by  the  Uni 
versity  of  Pennsylvania  in  1887  and  that  of 
D.C.L.  by  Hobart  college  in  1897.  He  is  the 
author  of  :  History  of  the  American  Episcopal 
Church  (eighth  edition,  1899);  The  Doctrine  of 
tJie  Dead  (1891);  Sons  of  God  (1894);  The  Next 
Step  (1895):  Sermon  Stuff  (first  and  second  series, 
1895);  .4  Year's  Sermons  (1896);  TJie  Open  Secret 
(1897);  Essays  (1900);  Evolution  of  Immortality 
(1901). 

McCONNELL,  William  J.,  senator,  was  born 
in  Commerce.  Oakland  county,  Mich.,  Sept.  18, 
1839.  He  attended  the  district  schools  and  acad 
emies  of  Ann  Arbor  and  Lansing,  Mich.,  and  at 
the  same  time  taught  school.  In  1860  he  crossed 
the  plains  to  California.  During  the  mining  ex 
citement  in  northern  Idaho,  he  went  north  and 
remained  in  Oregon,  1862-63,  during  which  time 
he  engaged  in  teaching  in  Yamhill  county.  In 
1863,  with  one  companion,  he  walked  from  Dallas. 
Oregon,  to  Boise  City,  Idaho  Territory,  a  distance 
of  four  hundred  and  fifty  miles.  He  became  a 
successful  miner  ;  was  a  leader  in  organizing  the 
vigilance  committee  in  Idaho  and  was  deputy 
U.S.  marshal,  1865-67.  He  returned  to  Califor 
nia,  and  engaged  in  the  cattle  business  in  Hnni- 
boldt  county  for  five  years,  when  he  returned 
north  and  established  a  mercantile  house  in 
Oregon,  and  one  in  Idaho.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  the  Oregon  state  legislature,  a  state 
senator,  and  was  elected  president  of  the  senate 
in  1882.  He  removed  to  Idaho  Territory  and 
settled  in  Moscow,  where  he  engaged  in  banking 
and  mercantile  business.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  state  constitutional  convention  of  1890,  and 
on  Dec.  18,  1890.  the  legislature  convened  and  he 
was  elected  U.S.  senator  for  the  term  ending 
March  4.  1891.  On  May  5,  1892,  the  Republican 


McCOOK 


McCOOK 


convention  placed  him  in  nomination  for  gov 
ernor  of  the  state  :  in  November,  1893,  he  was 
elected,  and  was  re-elected  in  November,  1894, 
serving  1893-97. 

McCOOK,  Alexander  McDowell,  soldier,  was 
born  in  Columbian  county.  Ohio.  April  22,  18131  ; 
fifth  son  of  Maj.  D;>.niel  and  Martha  (Latimer) 
McC'ook.  He  removed  witli  his  parents  to  Carroll 
county,  Ohio ;  was  graduated  from  the  U.S. 
Military  academy  in 
18,"">2as  brevet  second 
lieutenant  and  was 
appointed  to  the  3d 
infantry.  He  served 
on  garrison  duty, 
1852-53  ,  on  frontier 
duty,  1854-55  ;  in  the 
campaign  against 
the  Apache  Indians, 
June-August.  1854, 
and  against  the  Utes 
in  1855  ;  and  was  pro 
moted  second  lieu 
tenant.  June  30,  1854. 
He  was  chief  guide 
and  adjutant-general 

of  an  expedition  against  the  Indians  of  Ari 
zona  in  March,  1856.  lie  was  promoted  1st  lieu 
tenant,  Dec.  16,  1858  ;  was  assistant  instructor 
in  military  tactics  at  the  U.S.  Military  aca 
demy,  1858-61  ;  was  commissioned  colonel  and 
assigned  to  the  1st  Ohio  volunteers,  April  16. 
1861.  and  engaged  in  the  defence  of  Washington, 
D.C..  May-Jul}*,  1861  :  was  promoted  captain  of 
the  3d  U.S.  infantry.  May  14,  1861  ;  participated 
in  the  skirmish  at  Vienna,  Va.,  June  17,  1861. 
and  was  in  command  of  the  1st  Ohio  regiment  at 
the  battle  of  Bull  Run.  July  21,  1861.  He  was 
brevetted  major  U.S.A..  July  21,  1861,  for  gallant 
and  meritorious  services  at  the  battle  of  Bull 
Run  :  and  was  appointed  brigadier-general, 
U.S.V.,  Sept.  3,  1861.  He  commanded  a  brigade 
in  the  operations  in  Kentucky.  October-Decem 
ber.  1861,  and  the  2d  division,  Army  of  the  Ohio, 
under  Major-General  Buell.  in  the  Tennessee  and 
Mississippi  campaign,  February-June.  1862.  He 
was  brevetted  lieutenant-colonel,  March  3,  1862, 
for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  at  the  cap 
ture  of  Nashville.  Tenn.  His  division  formed  the 
extreme  right  of  Buell's  army  at  the  battle  of 
Pittsburg  Landing.  April  7.  1862,  and  drove  the 
Confederates  back  along  the  Corinth  road,  which 
was  the  great  central  line  of  this  battle,  thus 
connecting  the  Army  of  the  Ohio  with  Wallace's 
division,  which  formed  the  extreme  right  of 
Grant's  force.  He  was  brevetted  colonel  U.S.A. 
for  Shiloh,  April  7.  18(12.  He  commanded  the  re 
serve  of  the  Army  of  the  Ohio  in  the  advance 
upon  and  at  the  siege  of  Corinth,  Miss.  His 


division,  however,  was  engaged  at  Bridge's  Creek 
and  at  Geratt's  Hill.  He  then  served  in  northern 
Alabama  and  in  East  Tennessee  :  was  commis 
sioned  major-general  of  volunteers,  July  17, 
1862;  was  in  command  of  the  1st  army  corps  ii\ 
the  advance  to  Kentucky  and  at  the  battle  of 
Perry ville.  Oct.  8,  1862.  He  led  his  troops  to  the 
relief  of  Nashville,  Tenn.,  in  October.  1862  ;  com 
manded  the  14th  army  corps  in  the  Tennessee 
campaign,  and  commanded  the  right  wing  of  the 
Army  of  the  Cumberland,  in  the  battle  of  Stone's 
River,  Dec.  31,  1862.  He  commanded  the  20th 
army  corps,  \rniy  of  the  Cumberland,  in  the 
Tullahoma  campaign,  participating  in  the  action 
at  Libert}7  Gap  and  in  the  skirmishes  at  Tulla- 
lioma,  Winchester  and  Elk  River.  He  com 
manded  the  2()th  corps  in  the  battle  of  Chicka- 
mauga.  Sept.  19,  1863.  He  was  relieved  from  com 
mand,  Oct.  6,  1863,  and  he  asked  for  a  court  of 
inquiry,  which  found  him  free  from  blame.  He 
was  assigned  to  duties  in  the  middle  division  in 
November.  1864,  and  in  February,  1865,  was 
placed  in  command  of  the  Eastern  district  of 
Arkansas.  He  represented  the  war  department 
in  the  investigation  of  Indian  affairs,  May  6, 
1865.  On  March  13,  1865.  he  was  brevetted  brig 
adier-general  for  gallantry  at  Perry  ville.  Ky., 
and  major-general  for  gallant  and  meritorious 
services  in  the  field  during  the  war,  and  was 
mustered  out  of  the  volunteer  service.  Oct.  21, 
1865.  He  was  appointed  lieutenant-colonel  of 
the  26th  infantry.  March  5,  1867  ;  was  transferred 
to  the  10th  infantry,  March  15.  1869,  and  served 
for  several  years  on  the  staff  of  Gen.  William  T. 
Sherman.  He  was  promoted  colonel  of  the  6th 
infantry,  Dec.  16,  1880,  and  commanded  the  in 
fantry  and  cavalry  school  at  Fort  Leaven  worth, 
Kan.  He  was  appointed  brigadier-general,  July 
11,  1890,  and  major-general,  Nov.  9.  1894,  and  was 
retired  from  the  regular  army,  April  22,  1895, 
having  reached  the  age  limit.  He  represented 
the  United  States  at  the  coronation  of  the  c/.ar  of 
Russia,  Moscow,  May  24.  1896.  and  was  a  member 
of  the  commission  appointed  by  President  Mc- 
Kinley  to  investigate  the  war  department  during 
the  war  with  Spain,  Sept.  23,  1898.  to  Feb.  10. 
1899. 

flcCOOK,  Anson  George,  representative,  was 
born  in  Steubenville,  Ohio.  Oct.  10.  1835  :  second 
son  of  Dr.  John  and  Catharine  Julia  (Sheldon) 
McCook  and  grandson  of  George  and  Mary  (Mc- 
Cormack)  McCook.  He  attended  school  at  New 
Lisbon,  Ohio,  1840-54  :  went  overland  to  Califor 
nia,  where  he  remained.  1854-60  ;  and  studied  law 
in  the  office  of  his  cousin.  George  Wythe  McCook, 
1860-61.  He  raised  the  first  company  in  eastern 
Ohio  in  1861,  and  was  commissioned  a  captain  in 
the  2d  Ohio  infantry.  He  participated  in  the 
battle  of  Bull  Run,  July  21,  1861,  and  subse- 


[80 


McCOOK 


McCOOK 


quently,  when  the  regiment  was  re-organized  for 
tliree  years'  service,  lie  was  commissioned  major. 
He  was  promoted  successively  lieutenant-colonel 
and  colonel.  He  served  in  the  battles  of  Perry - 
ville,  Stone's  River,  Lookout  Mountain  and  Mis 
sionary  Ridge,  1862-63,  and  in  many  of  the  hard 
fought  battles  of  the  Atlanta  campaign,  com 
manding  a  brigade  at  Peach  Tree  Creek.  Atlanta, 
July  19,  1864.  He  was  mustered  out  of  the  volun 
teer  service  with  his  regiment.  Oct.  10,  1864.  In 
March,  186."),  he  rejoined  the  army  as  colonel  of 
the  194th  Ohio  infantry,  and  performed  guard 
duty  in  the  Virginia  valley  in  command  of  a 
brigade  until  the  close  of  the  war.  He  was  bre- 
vetted  brigadier-general,  March  153,  1865,  for 
gallant  and  meritorious  services  during  the  war, 
and  was  mustered  out  of  the  volunteer  army 
in  October,  1865.  He  was  U.S.  assessor  of  in 
ternal  revenue  at  Steubenville,  Ohio,  1865-73  ;  re 
moved  to  New  York  city  in  1873;  was  a  Repub 
lican  representative  in  the  45th,  46th  and  47th 
congresses,  1877-83;  secretary  of  the  U.S.  senate, 
1884-93,  and  city  chamberlain  of  New  York, 
1894-97.  He  was  married  June,  1886,  to  Hettie 
13.  McCook,  of  Steubenville,  Ohio. 

McCOOK,  Daniel,  soldier,  was  born  in  Canons- 
burg,  Pa.,  June  20,  1798  ;  son  of  George  and 
Mary  (McCormack)  McCook.  His  father  emi 
grated  from  Ireland  in  1780  and  settled  in  Canons- 
burg  ;  was  a  charter  member  of  the  "  McMillan 
church  "  and  was  active  in  the  establishment  of 
Jefferson  college.  Daniel  McCook  attended 
Jefferson  college  and  removed  to  New  Lisbon  and 
thence  to  Carrollton,  Ohio,  where  he  engaged  in 
the  practice  of  law.  He  was  married  to  Martha, 
daughter  of  Abraham  and  Mary  (Greer)  Latimer, 
descendants  of  the  family  which  gave  Hugh 
Latimer  to  the  English  reformation.  He  and  his 
nine  sons  all  served  in  the  Federal  army  or  navy 
in  the  civil  war.  At  the  outbreak  of  the  civil 
war,  although  sixty-three  years  of  age,  he  offered 
his  services  to  the  government  and  was  commis 
sioned  a  major.  He  participated  in  the  skirmish 
at  Buffington's  Island,  July  20.  1863,  where  he 
opposed  the  advance  of  Morgan's  raiders  and  was 
mortally  wounded.  He  died  near  Buffington's 
Island.  Ohio,  July  21,  1863. 

McCOOK,  Daniel,  soldier,  was  born  in  Carroll- 
ton,  Ohio,  July  22,  1834  ;  sixth  son  of  Maj.  Daniel 
and  Martha  (Latimer)  McCook.  He  attended 
Alabama  university,  studied  law  at  Steubenville, 
Ohio,  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1858,  and  was  a 
partner  of  William  T.  Sherman  and  Thomas 
Ewing  at  Leaven  worth,  Kan.,  until  1861.  He 
was  married  in  December,  1860,  to  Julia  Tibbs  of 
Platte  county,  Mo.  He  volunteered  as  captain  of 
a  local  company  in  the  1st  Kansas  regiment, 
and  served  under  Gen.  Nathaniel  Lyon  at  Wilson's 
Creek,  Mo.,  Aug.  10,  1861.  He  was  chief  of  staff 


of  the  1st  division,  Army  of  the  Ohio,  during  the 
Sliiloh  campaign  ;  was  commissioned  colonel  of 
the  52d  Ohio  infantry  and  commanded  the  36th 
brigade,  llth  division,  3d  army  corps,  during  the 
battle  of  Perry  ville,  Ky.,  Oct.  8,  1862.  On  the 
eve  of  the  battle  he  was  selected  to  attack  the 
Confederate  line  and  take  possession  of  some  pools 
of  water  in  the  bed  of  Doctors  Fork,  which  he 
successfully  accomplished  before  daybreak.  He 
commanded  the  2d  brigade.  2d  division,  reserve 
corps,  during  the  battle  of  Chickamauga,  and 
was  stationed  at  MeAffee's  church,  where  his 
brigade  covered  Ringgold  road.  He  was  subse 
quently  ordered  to  take  the  place  of  General 
Thomas's  force  at  Point  Spring,  thus  allowing 
Thomas  to  relieve  the  two  divisions  commanded 
by  Crittenden  at  Crawfish  Springs.  He  was  in 
command  of  the  3d  brigade,  2d  division,  14th 
army  corps.  Army  of  the  Cumberland,  and  during 
the  Atlanta  campaign  while  leading  an  assault 
on  the  southern  slope  of  Kenesaw  Mountain, 
July  16,  1864,  he  was  mortally  wounded.  He  was 
made  brigadier-general  for  gallant  conduct  at  the 
assault  on  Kenesaw  Mountain.  He  died  from 
the  effect  of  his  wound,  July  21,  1864. 

flcCOOK,  Edward  floody,  soldier,  was  born 
in  Steubenville,  Ohio,  June  15,  1833  ;  eldest  son 
of  Dr.  John  and  Catharine  Julia  (Sheldon)  Mc 
Cook.  He  received  a  common  school  education, 
engaged  in  the  practice  of  law  in  the  Pike's  Peak 
region,  and  was  a  representative  in  the  Kansas 
legislature.  He  was  a  volunteer  secret  agent  for 
the  U.S.  government  prior  to  the  war,  and  in 
recognition  of  this  service  he  was  appointed  2d 
lieutenant  of  the  4th  U.S.  cavalry,  May  1,  1861, 
and  was  promoted  1st  lieutenant  in  July,  1862. 
He  participated  in  the  battles  of  Shiloh,  Perry- 
ville,  Chickamauga,  Salem,  and  in  the  cavalry 
operations  in  East  Tennessee.  He  was  brevetted 
1st  lieutenant  for  Shiloh,  April  7,  1862  ;  captain 
for  Perry  ville,  Ky.,  Oct.  8.  1862  ;  major  for  Chick 
amauga,  Ga.,  Sept.  20,  1863;  lieutenant-colonel 
for  cavalry  operations  in  East  Tennessee,  Jan.  27, 
1864 ;  colonel  for  Selma,  Ala.,  March  13,  1865, 
and  brigadier-general  for  gallant  and  meritorious 
service  in  the  field  during  the  war.  In  the  vol 
unteer  service  he  was  successively  major,  lieu 
tenant-colonel  and  colonel  of  the  2d  Indiana 
volunteer  cavalry,  and  was  commissioned  briga 
dier-general,  April  27,  1864,  and  major-general, 
March  13,  1865.  He  resigned  his  commission  in 
the  regular  army,  May,  1866.  He  was  U.S.  min 
ister  to  Hawaii,  1866-69,  where  lie  concluded  the 
treaty  with  the  United  States  that  led  to  annex 
ation.  He  was  territorial  governor  of  Colorado, 
by  President  Grant's  appointment,  1869-75.  He 
was  twice  married  :  first  to  Mary  Thompson,  of 
Peoria,  111.,  and  secondly  to  Mary  McKenna,  of 
Colorado. 


[900] 


McCOOK 


McCOOK 


McCOOK,  Edwin  Stanton,  soldier,  was  born 
in  Carrollton,  Ohio,  March  26,  1837  ;  seventh  son 
of  Maj.  Daniel  and  Martha  (Latimer)  McCook. 
He  entered  the  U.S.  Naval  academy  as  a  cadet, 
but  left  the  academy  before  graduating,  and  in 
1861  recruited  a  company  for  John  A.  Logan's 
31st  Illinois  regiment.  He  served  at  Fort  Donel- 
son  and  at  Jackson,  Tenn.  ;  commanded  the  reg 
iment  at  Vicksburg,  May  to  July,  18(53,  where  he 
was  wounded,  and  in  the  Atlanta  campaign  he 
commanded  the  1st  brigade,  3d  division,  17th 
army  corps,  where  he  was  again  wounded.  He 
\vas  promoted  brigadier-general  and  was  brevet- 
ted  major-general  of  volunteers,  March  13,  1865, 
for  services  during  the  war.  He  was  appointed 
by  President  Grant  secretary  of  Dakota  Terri 
tory,  and  served  for  a  time  as  acting  governor  of 
the  territory  ex  offlcio.  While  presiding  in  this 
capacity  at  a  public  meeting  at  Yankton  he  was 
shot  and  fatally  wounded  by  a  man  in  the  audi 
ence.  He  died  at  Yankton,  Dak.,  Sept.  11,  1873. 

McCOOK,  George,  physician,  was  born  in  Can- 
onsburg.  Pa.,  in  1792;  eldest  son  of  George  and 
Mary  (McCormack)  McCook.  He  was  graduated 
at  Jefferson  college  in  1811  ;  studied  medicine 
with  Dr.  Warren,  of  Canonsburg,  and  practised 
in  Washington  county.  On  Jan.  18,  1817,  he 
married  Margaret  G.,  daughter  of  Abraham  and 
Mary  (Greer)  Latimer,  and  in  1818  removed  to  New 
Lisbon,  Ohio,  where  he  continued  the  practice  of 
medicine  until  1849,  when  he  removed  to  Pitts- 
burg,  Pa.,  where  he  was  professor  of  surgery  in 
the  medical  college.  He  returned  to  New  Lisbon, 
Ohio,  in  1873.  where  lie  died,  June  23,  1873. 

flcCOOK,  George  Wythe,  lawyer  and  soldier, 
was  born  in  Canonsburg.  Pa.,  Nov.  2,  1821  ;  sec 
ond  son  of  Maj.  Daniel  and  Martha  (Latimer) 
McCook.  He  removed  with  his  father's  family 
to  New  Lisbon,  Ohio,  in  1825  ;  studied  law  in  the 
office  of  Edwin  M.  Stanton,  Steubenville,  Ohio  ; 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1842,  and  became  a 
partner  with  Mr.  Stanton.  He  served  in  the 
Mexican  war  as  lieutenant-colonel  of  the  3d  Ohio 
volunteers,  1847  ;  was  reporter  of  the  supreme 
court,  1852  ;  attorney -general  of  the  state,  1854- 
56,  and  was  commissioned  brigadier-general  of 
volunteers  in  1861,  but  served  in  the  field  but  a 
short  time  on  account  of  ill-health.  He  was  the 
unsuccessful  Democratic  candidate  for  governor 
of  Ohio  in  1871  against  George  W.  Noyes.  He 
edited  the  first  volume  of  the  Ohio  state  reports. 
He  died  in  Steubenville,  Ohio,  Dec.  28,  1877. 

flcCOOK,  Henry  Christopher,  clergyman,  was 
born  in  New  Lisbon,  Ohio,  July  3,  1837  ;  third 
son  of  Dr.  John  and  Catharine  Julia  (Sheldon) 
McCook.  He  attended  the  public  schools  of  his 
native  town  and  learned  the  printer's  trade.  He 
was  graduated  from  Jefferson  college,  Pa.,  in 
1859  ;  taught  school  in  New  Lisbon,  Salem  and 


Steubenville,  Ohio,  1859-60,  and  was  graduated 
from  the  Western  Theological  seminary  in  1863. 
He  was  married,  Sept.  11,  1861,  to  Emma  C., 
daughter  of  Dr.  George  and  Anna  (Crowe)  Her- 
ter.  He  was  licensed  and  ordained  by  the  pres 
bytery  of  Steubenville  in  1861.  and  was  a  home 
missionary  in  Illinois  and  Missouri.  He  assisted 
in  organizing  the  41st  Illinois  volunteer  regi 
ment,  in  which  he  enlisted  as  1st  lieutenant  in 
1861,  and  served  subsequently  as  chaplain.  In 
1862  he  left  the  service  and  returned  to  Clinton. 
111.,  as  pastor  of  the  Presbyterian  church.  He 
served  as  city  missionary  in  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  until 
1869,  when  he  became  pastor  of  the  Tabernacle 
Presbyterian  church  of  Philadelphia.  He  was 
chaplain  of  the  2d  regiment,  Pennsylvania  vol 
unteer  infantry,  during  the  Spanish-American 
war,  and  served  in  Santiago  de  Cuba  with  the  5th 
army  corps  on  special  duty.  He  was  the  founder 
of  the  National  Relief  commission  for  the  Span 
ish-American  war.  He  was  elected  president  of 
the  American  Society  of  Entomology ;  vice- 
president  of  the  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences. 
Philadelphia,  and  president  of  the  American 
Presbyterian  Historical  society.  Lafayette  col 
lege  conferred  upon  him  the  honorary  degree  of 
D.D.  in  1880,  and  that  of  Sc.D.  in  1888.  His  pub 
lished  books  include  :  Object  and  Outline  Teach 
ing  (1870);  Teacher's  Commentary  on  Hie  Last 
Year  of  Our  Lord's  Ministry  (1871);  The  Last 
Days  of  Jesus  (1872);  Historic  Ecclesiastical 
Emblems  of  Pan-Presbyterianism  (1880);  The 
Women  Friends  of  Jesus  (1884);  The  Lat  inters, 
a  Scotch-Irish  Historical  Romance  of  Hie  West 
ern  Insurrection  (1899);  The.  Martial  Graves  of 
our  Fallen  Heroes  in  Santiaaode  Cnba  (1899). 
He  also  edited  the  "  Tercentenary  Book  "  (1873). 
His  most  widely  known  works  are  those  on 
Natural  History  of  the  Agricultural  Ant  of 
Texas  (1880);  The  Mound-Making  Ants  of  the 
Alleghanies  (1877);  Honey  and  Occident  Ants 
(1882);  Tenants  of  an  Old  Farm  (1884):  American 
Spiders  and  Their  Spinning-Works  (Vols.  I.,  II., 
III.,  folio.  1888). 

McCOOK,  John,  surgeon,  was  born  in  Canons 
burg,  Pa.,  Feb.  21.  1806  ;  son  of  George  and  Mary 
(McCormack)  McCook.  He  was  a  student  at 
Jefferson  college  and  became  a  physician,  settling 
in  practice  in  New  Lisbon  and  subsequently  in 
Steubenville,  Ohio.  He  was  married  May  21 ,  1831 . 
to  Catharine  Julia,  daughter  of  Roderick  and 
Mary  Sheldon  of  Hartford,  Conn.,  and  their  five 
sons,  Edward  Moody,  An  son  George,  Henry  C.. 
Roderick  Sheldon,  and  John  James,  were  volun 
teer  officers  in  the  Federal  army  in  the  civil  war. 
Dr.  McCook  also  served  in  the  army  as  a  volun 
teer  surgeon,  and  while  at  the  military  head 
quarters  of  his  son.  Gen.  Anson  G.  McCook,  near 
Washington,  D.C.,  he  died,  Oct.  11,  1865. 


[210] 


McCOOK 


McCOOK 


McCOOK,  John  James,  educator,  was  born  in 
New  Lisbon.  Ohio,  Feb.  2,  1843  ;  fifth  son  of  Dr. 
John  and  Catharine  Julia  (Sheldon)  McCook.  He 
attended  the  high  school  at  Steubenville,  Ohio, 
and  Jefferson  college.  Canonsburg,  Pa.,  and  at 
the  outbreak  of  the  civil  war  he  enlisted  under 
President  Lincoln's  first  call  in  the  1st  Virginia 
volunteers,  serving  as  lieutenant  during  a  short 
campaign  in  West  Virginia  and  participating  in 
the  battle  of  Philippi,  one  of  the  earliest  engage 
ments  of  the  war.  His  term  of  service  having 
expired  he  returned  to  college  and  was  graduated 
from  Trinity,  Hartford.  Conn.,  A.B..  18(53.  A.M., 
1866.  He  studied  medicine  at  the  College  of 
Physicians  and  Surgeons,  New  York,  1863-04,  was 
graduated  from  the  Berkeley  Divinity  school  in 
1806.  and  was  admitted  to  the  priesthood  in  1867. 
He  was  rector  of  St.  John's,  Detroit,  Mich., 
1867-68.  and  in  1869  became  rector  of  St.  John's, 
East  Hartford,  Conn.  He  was  instructor  at 
Trinity  college,  1883-85.  and  was  elected  professor 
of  modern  languages  and  literature  in  1885.  He 
was  married,  June  7,  1866,  to  Eliza  Sheldon  But 
ler,  of  Hartford,  Conn.  Three  of  their  sons,  John 
Butler.  Philip  James  and  George  Sheldon  served 
as  volunteers  in  the  war  with  Spain,  1898.  He 
edited  the  Church  \Veekly  in  1872,  contributed 
several  reports  on  poor-law  administration  and 
prison  reform  and  is  the  author  of  Pat  and  the 
Council  (1870)  and  articles  in  current  magazines 
on  penalogy,  venality,  vagabondage  and  like  sub 
jects. 

McCOOK,  John  James,  lawyer  and  soldier, 
was  born  at  Carrollton.  Ohio,  May  25.  1845  ;  ninth 
sou  of  Maj.  Daniel  and  Martha  (Latimer)  Mc 
Cook.  He  attended  Kenyon  college,  but  left 
after  his  freshman  year  to  enter  the  6th  Ohio 

cavalry.  He  was  pro 
moted  lieutenant  and 
served  on  the  staff  of 
General  Crittenden 
at  Perryville.  Stone's 
River,  Tullahoma, 
Chiokamanga  and 
Chattanooga  with  the 
Army  of  the  Cumber 
land,  and  under  Grant 
with  the  Army  of 
the  Potomac  from 
the  Wilderness  to  the 
crossing  of  the  James 
river.  He  was  pro 
moted  captain  and 
aide  decani])  LT.S.V., 
himself  in  the  battle  of 
where  he  was  severely 

wounded.  He  wasbrevetted  major  for  Shady 
Grove  and  lieutenant-colonel  and  colonel  for  gal 
lant  and  meritorious  services  during  the  war. 


0  /         //- 


and     distinguished 
Shady    Grove,    Va.. 


and  was  mustered  out  as  lieutenant-colonel, 
March  13,  1865.  He  was  graduated  from  Kenyon 
college,  A.B.,  1866,  A.M.,  1869,  and  from  the  Har 
vard  Law  school,  LL.B.,  1869.  lie  practised  law 
in  the  office  of  Stanton  &  McCook,  in  Steuben 
ville,  Ohio,  and  subsequently  in  New  York  city  as 
a  member  of  the  law  firm  of  Alexander  &  Green. 
He  was  married,  Feb.  17,  1876,  to  Janetta, 
daughter  of  Henry  M.  and  Susan  Mary  (Brown) 
Alexander.  In  1897  he  was  said  to  have  been  the 
first  choice  of  President  McKinley  for  attorney- 
general  in  his  cabinet,  but  he  declined  to  give  up 
his  extensive  law  practice.  He  was  elected  a 
trustee  of  Princeton  university  in  1890  and  was 
chairman  of  the  Army  and  Navy  Christian  com 
mission  during  the  war  with  Spain.  The  honor 
ary  degree  of  A.M.  was  conferred  on  him  by 
Princeton  in  1873  and  that  of  LL.  D.  by  the  Uni 
versity  of  Kansas  in  1890  and  by  Lafayette  col 
lege  in  1803. 

McCOOK,  Latimer  A,  surgeon  and  soldier,  was 
born  at  Canonsburg.  Pa.,  April  26,  1820  ;  eldest 
son  of  Maj.  Daniel  and  Martha  (Latimer)  McCook. 
He  was  educated  at  Jefferson  college,  Canons 
burg.  studied  medicine  with  his  uncle.  Dr.  George 
McCook  (q.  v. ),  and  received  his  degree  from 
Jefferson  Medical  college  of  Philadelphia.  He 
entered  the  army  in  1861  as  assistant  surgeon, 
and  was  soon  promoted  surgeon  of  the  31st  Illinois 
volunteers  with  the  rank  of  major.  He  served 
throughout  all  the  campaigns  of  the  Army  of  the 
Tennessee,  and  while  caring  for  the  wounded  of 
his  regiment,  during  action,  he  was  himself  twice 
wounded — cnce  in  the  trenches  before  Vicksburg, 
and  again  at  Pocotaligo  Bridge,  S.C.,  in  General 
Sherman's  movement  northward  from  Savannah, 
after  the  inarch  to  the  sea.  He  survived  the  war, 
but  was  broken  down  in  health  and  died  from 
general  debility,  resulting  from  wounds  and  ex 
posure  incident  to  his  service  in  the  army,  at  his 
home.  Pekin.  111.,  Aug.  23,  18(59. 

flcCOOK,  Robert  Latimer,  soldier,  was  born 
in  New  Lisbon.  Ohio,  Dec.  2s.  1827:  fourth  son  of 
Maj.  Daniel  and  Martha  (Latimer)  McCook.  He 
attended  school  until  1842,  when  he  entered  his 
father's  office  as  deputy  clerk  of  Carroll  county. 
He  studied  law  in  the  office  of  Stanton  &  McCook, 
and  practised  in  Steubenville,  Columbus,  and 
Cincinnati,  Ohio,  until  1801,  when  he  was  ap 
pointed  colonel  of  the  9th  Ohio  regiment.  He 
participated  in  the  action  of  Carnifex  Ferry, 
W.  Va.,  Aug.  10,  1801,  and  was  commissioned  a 
brigadier-general  of  volunteers  and  assigned  to  a 
brigade  in  Buell's  Army  of  the  Ohio.  He  com 
manded  the  3d  brigade  under  Gen.  George  H. 
Thomas  at  Mill  Springs,  Ky.,  Jan.  19,  1862,  where 
he  was  wounded.  He  accompanied  his  brigade 
across  Tennessee  from  Stevenson  toDelchavd,  and 
although  ill  lie  refused  to  return  to  Nashville,  and 
[211 J 


McCOOK 


MrCORD 


directed  the  movements  of  his  troops  from  an 
ainb  .lance.  On  August  6,  186.2,  while  his  escorts 
were  reconnoitering  he  was  attacked  by  a  party 
of  mounted  guerillas  and  mortally  wounded. 
He  died  near  Delchard.  Tenn.,  Aug.  (5,  1862. 

McCOOK,  Roderick  Sheldon,  naval  officer, 
was  born  at  New  Lisbon,  Ohio,  March  10,  1839  ; 
fourth  son  of  Dr.  John  and  Catharine  Julia 
(Sheldon)  McCook.  He  was  graduated  from  the 
U.S.  Naval  academy  in  1859;  was  promoted  lieu 
tenant,  Aug.  31,  1861  ;  lieutenant  commander, 
Dec.  25.  1865  ;  and  commander,  Sept.  25,  1873. 
He  served  throughout  the  civil  war  and  partici 
pated  in  the  engagements  on  the  James  river  ; 
the  coast  operations  in  North  Carolina  ;  in  the 
action  at  New  Berne,  March  14,  1862,  where  he 
commanded  a  battery  of  naval  howitzers,  and  in 
both  engagements  at  Fort  Fisher.  After  the  war 
he  served  in  lighthouse  duty  on  the  Ohio  river. 
He  was  retired  from  active  duty,  Feb.  23,  1885. 
He  died  at  Vineland,  N.  J.,  Feb.  13,  1886. 

McCORD,  David  James,  law  reporter,  was  born 
in  St.  Matthew's  parish,  S.C.,  in  January,  1797. 
He  was  a  student  at  South  Carolina  college  in  the 
class  of  1814,  but  left  in  his  senior  year,  studied 
law  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1818.  He  con 
ducted  a  law  business  in  partnership  with  Henry 
J.  Nott  in  Columbia,  S.C.,  1818-21  ;  was  in  Eu 
rope,  1821-22  ;  was  law  partner  of  Col.  W.  C. 
Preston,  1822-24 ;  state  reporter,  1824-27  ;  and 
was  intendant  or  mayor  of  Columbia,  1825.  He 
visited  Europe,  1828-30,  arid  was  a  representative 
in  the  state  legislature  during  the  nullification 
excitement,  serving  several  times  between  1832- 
40.  As  chairman  of  the  committee  on  Federal 
relations  he  championed  the  cause  of  nullifica 
tion.  He  retired  from  the  bar  in  1836,  to  accept 
the  presidency  of  the  Columbia  branch  of  the 
South  Carolina  bank  in  Charleston,  from  which 
office  he  was  removed  in  1840,  when  he  became  a 
Whig.  He  then  retired  to  "  Langayne,  "  his 
plantation  on  the  Congaree,  and  devoted  himself 
to  raising  cotton.  He  was  a  trustee  of  South 
Carolina  college,  1829-37.  He  was  married  first 
to  Miss  Wagner  of  Charleston,  S.C.,  and  in 
1840  to  Louisa,  daughter  of  Langdon  and  Mary 
(Dallas)  Cheves  of  Columbia,  S.C.  He  aided  in 
establishing  the  SoutJi  Carolina  Laic?  Journal  in 
1836  ;  compiled  and  edited,  as  successor  to  Dr. 
Thomas  Cooper,  who  died  in  1839,  the  Statutes  at 
Large  of  Sonth  Carolina  ;  prepared  reminiscences 
of  Dr.  Thomas  Cooper,  president  of  South  Carolina 
college  ;  contributed  articles  on  political  economy 
to  the  Southern  Review  and  De  Boiv's  Review,  and 
is  the  author  of  Reports  of  Cases  determined  in 
the  Constitutional  Convention  of  South  Carolina 
(4  vols. ,  1821-8);  Chancery  Cases  in  the  Court  of 
Appeals  of  South  Carolina  (2  vols.,  1827-29).  He 
died  in  Columbia,  S.C.,  May  12,  1855. 


flcCORD,  George  Herbert,  painter,  was  born 
in  New  York  city,  Aug.  1,  1848  ;  son  of  George 
and  Matilda  (Secor)  McCord  ;  grandson  of  David 
McCord  and  of  William  Thome  Secor,  and  a  de 
scendant  of  the  Mabies  of  Holland,  and  the  Hoyts 
of  New  Brunswick,  Canada.  He  attended  Quack- 
enbos  Collegiate  school,  New  York,  and  Hudson 
River  institute,  Claverack,  N.Y.;  studied  art  un 
der  Prof.  Moses  Morse,  and  in  1868  exhibited  at 
the  National  Academy.  He  sketched  in  New 
England,  Canada,  Florida  and  the  west,  1875-78, 
and  made  a  sketching  tour  of  Scotland  and  Eng 
land  in  1890.  He  was  made  an  associate  acade 
mician  in  1880,  and  also  became  a  member  of  the 
Artists'  Fund  society,  of  which  lie  was  secretary, 
1878-80;  of  the  American  Water  Color  society, 
and  of  the  Brooklyn  Art,  Salmagundi,  Lotos  and 
Black  and  White  clubs.  He  received  a  silver 
medal  at  the  Massachusetts  Charitable  Mechanics' 
Association  exhibition  in  Boston,  Mass.,  in  1883, 
and  a  bronze  medal  and  diploma  at  the  New  Or 
leans  exposition  in  1884.  He  devoted  himself  to 
landscape  and  marine  painting,  his  works  includ 
ing:  Siuinyside,  Home  of  Irving  (1875);  Cave  of 
the  Winds,  Niagara  (1878)  ;  Mirror  Lake  (1878); 
Wintry  Night,  Fifth  Avenue  (1876);  Near  Bidde- 
ford,  Maine  (1879);  Napanock  Mills  (1879);  Craig 
Z)7m(l8SO);  Hunting  Dai/s  (1880);  Winter  Eve 
ning  on  the  Hudson  (1881 )  ;  Market  Place,  Montreal 
(1882);  Vesper  Hour(\.m$);  Where  Swallows  Skim 
(1883);  Memory  of  June  (1884);  Ice  Harvest  (1884); 
Cross-Road  Bridge  (1884);  Old  Mill  Race  on 
Wliippany  River,  New  Jersey  (1885);  Long  Pond, 
New  Hampshire  (1886);  On  Barnegat  Bay  (1887); 
The  Signal  Bell  (1898);  Grand  Canon,  Arizona 
(1901). 

flcCORD,  Louisa  Susannah  (Cheves),  poet, 
was  born  in  Columbia,  S.C.,  Dec.  3,  1810  ;  daugh 
ter  of  Judge  Langdon  (q.v.)  and  Mary  (Dallas) 
Cheves.  She  received  a  liberal  education,  and  in 
1840  became  the  second  wife  of  Col.  David  J.  Mc 
Cord  (q.v.)  She  contributed  to  current  litera 
ture;  translated  F.  Bastiat's  "Sophisms  of  the 
Protective  Policy"  (1848),  and  is  the  author  of  : 
My  Dreams,  poems  (1848)  ;  Cains  Gracchus,  a  tra 
gedy  (1851),  and  essays  in  Southern  Quarterly  Re 
view.  She  died  in  Charleston,  S.C.,  Nov.  27,  1880. 

flcCORD,  Myron  Hawley,  governor  of  Ari 
zona,  was  born  in  Ceres,  Pa.,  Nov.  26,  1840  ;  son  of 
Myron  and  Ann  Eliza  McCord  ;  grandson  of  John 
McCord,  and  a  descendant  of  James  McCord.  who 
settled  in  Pennsylvania  in  1773.  He  removed  wi(  h 
his  parents  to  Shawano.Wis. ,  in  1854.  He  attended 
Richburg  academy,  New  York  ;  was  elected  a 
state  senator  from  Shawano  county  in  1873;  was 
a  representative  from  Lincoln  county  in  the  state 
legislature,  1880-82  ;  and  a  representative  from 
the  ninth  district  of  Wisconsin  in  the  51st  con 
gress,  1889-91.  In  1893  he  removed  to  Phoenix, 


[212] 


MACCORKLE 


McCORMICK 


Arizona.  In  189.")  lie  was  appointed  by  Governor 
Hughes  Republican  ineinl)er  of  the  territorial 
board  of  control  and  went  out  of  office  on  Gov 
ernor  Hughes's  retirement.  In  May,  1897,  he 
was  appointed  by  President  McKinley  territorial 
governor  of  Arizona  as  successor  to  Benjamin  J. 
Franklin.  In  April.  1S!)8,  lie  recruited  a  regiment 
of  volunteer  infantry  in  the  four  territories  for 
service  in  the  war  with  Spain,  and  upon  being 
elected  colonel  of  the  regiment  he  resigned  as 
governor  to  serve  in  the  field.  In  1900  he  be 
came  proprietor  and  manager  of  the  Arizona 
Dalit/  Gazette  at  Pho-nix. 

MacCORKLE,  William  Alexander,  governor 
of  West  Virginia,  was  born  in  Rockbridge  county, 
Va.,  May  7,  1857  ;  son  of  William  and  Mary  (Mor 
rison)  MacCorkle  and  grandson  of  Alexander  and 
Rebecca  (McNutt)  MacCorkle,  and  of  William 
and  Margaret  Morrison.  His  ancestor  emigrated 
from  Scotland  in  1650.  His  great  grandfathers, 
Capt.  John  MacCorkle  and  Capt.  John  McXutt, 
were  killed  in  the  battle  of  Cowpens  during  the 
Revolutionary  war.  The  family  settled  in  Rock- 
bridge  county,  Va.  William  attended  a  private 
school  and  was  graduated  from  Washington  and 
Lee  university  in  1879.  He  was  married,  Oct. 
19,  1881,  to  Isabelle  Goshorn.  He  was  city  solic 
itor  of  Charleston  for  eight  years,  and  was  chosen 
governor  of  West  Virginia  in  November,  1893, 
and  held  this  office  imtil  March  4,  1897.  The  de 
gree  of  LL.D.  was  conferred  on  him  by  the  Uni 
versity  of  West  Virginia  in  1893.  He  published 
a  number  of  addresses,  speeches  and  discussions. 
McCORMICK,  Alexander  Hugh,  naval  officer, 
was  born  in  the  District  of  Columbia,  May  9, 1843  ; 
son  of  Alexander  and  Eliza  (Van  Horn)  McCor- 
mick  ;  grandson  of  Alexander  and  -  —(Quirk) 
McCormick  and  of  William  and  Alethea  (Beall) 

Van  Horn.  He  was 
appointed  to  the  U.S. 
Naval  academy  from 
Texas  in  1859,  and 
was  ordered  into 
active  service  in 
April,  1861.  He  was 
attached  to  the 
Quaker  Citij  and 
served  in  the  Chesa 
peake  bay  blockade, 
June  to  September, 
1861  ;  on  the  receiv 
ing-ship  Xortii  Caro 
lina,  October  to  De 
cember,  1861,  and 
on  the  steamer  Xor- 
wicli  of  the  South  Atlantic  blockading  squadron 
from  January,  1862,  to  April,  1863.  He  was  ap 
pointed  a  volunteer  acting  master  in  April,  18<J2  ; 

participated  in  the  bombardment  of  Fort  Pulaski 

rg 


and  of  the  fort  in  Winyaw  Bay,  S.C.,  in  1862,  and 
was  promoted  ensign,  Dec.  23,  1862.  He  took 
part  in  the  second  occupation  of  Jacksonville, 
Fla. ,  in  1863;  served  on  the  Housutonic  off 
Charleston,  S.C.,  April  to  July,  1863  ;  on  the  ir«- 
?></s/i,  July  to  September,  1863,  and  was  promoted 
lieutenant,  Feb.  22, 1864.  He  served  on  the  steam 
sloop  Iroqnois  on  special  service  from  March, 
1864,  to  October,  1865  ;  on  the  Chattanooga.  Feb- 
ruary  to  August,  1866,  and  was  promoted  lieuten 
ant-commander,  July  25,  1866.  He  was  instructor 
in  mathematics  at  the  U.S.  Naval  academy,  1866- 
69  ;  attached  to  the  Macedonian,  June  to  Sep 
tember,  1867  ;  to  the  flagship  Lancaster  on  the 
east  coast  of  South  America,  1869-72,  and  to  the 
Portsmouth,  July  to  September,  1873.  He  was  an 
instructor  in  astronomy  and  navigation  at  the 
U.S.  Naval  academy,  1872-75 ;  cruised  on  the 
steamer  Fortune,  July  to  September,  1773,  and 
was  attached  to  the  Pensacola,  flagship  of  the 
Pacific  station,  1875-76.  He  was  promoted  com 
mander,  Sept.  30,  1876  ;  served  on  duty  in  the 
bureau  of  ordnance  at  Washington,  D.C.,  1877- 
81  ;  commanded  the  Essex  in  a  cruise  around  the 
world,  1881-85  ;  was  inspector  of  ordnance  at  the 
navy  yard,  Washington,  D.C.,  1885-88,  and  on 
duty  in  the  bureau  of  ordnance  at  Washington, 
1888-89.  He  was  inspector  of  ordnance  at  the 
navy  yard,  Brooklyn,  N.Y.,  1889-92;  was  pro 
moted  captain,  April  3,  1892 ;  commanded  the 
Lancaster  on  the  Asiatic  station,  1892-94;  was 
captain  of  the  Norfolk  navy  yard,  1894-97  ;  com 
manded  the  battle-ship  Oregon  in  the  winter  of 
1898,  and  commanded  the  navy  yard  at  Washing 
ton,  D.C.,  from  Oct.  17,  1898,  to  March  26,  1900. 
He  was  promoted  rear-admiral  Sept.  9.  1899,  and 
was  retired  after  forty  years'  service,  March  26, 
1900. 

McCORMICK,  Cyrus  Hall,  inventor,  was  born 
in  Walnut  Grove,  Rockbridge  county,  Va.,  Feb. 
15,  1809;  son  of  Robert  and  Mary  McChesney 
(Hall)  McCormick.  He  attended  the  public 
schools  and  was  employed  on  his  father's  farm 
and  in  his  workshop.  His  father  had  invented 
various  labor-saving  farm  devices,  including  a 
grain-cutting  machine  in  1809,  which  he  improved 
from  time  to  time,  adding  the  vibrating  sickle 
and  horizontal  reel  in  1828-29,  and  in  1831  it 
worked  moderately  well.  Cyrus,  then  twenty- 
two  years  of  age,  added  to  and  perfected  some 
details  in  the  machine  and  secured  a  patent  in 
1834.  He  became  interested  in  an  iron  furnace 
in  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  in  1836,  and  during  the  panic 
of  1837  failed.  He  then  returned  to  Walnut 
Grove,  where  he  assisted  his  father  in  manufac 
turing  the  reapers,  and  travelled  extensively 
among  the  farmers  soliciting  orders.  After  his 
father's  death  in  1846  he  secured  further  patents 
on  various  improvements  on  the  reaper,  notably 


McCORMICK 


McCORMICK 


in  1847  and  1858.  He  employed  a  firm  to  manu 
facture  the  reapers  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  ami  in 
1847  his  brother  Leander  superintended  their  con 
struction.  They  established  a  manufactory  in 
Chicago,  111.,  in  1848,  and  in  1851  lie  took  his  per 
fected  reaper  to  the 
World's  Fair  in  Lon 
don,  where  the  Lon 
don  Times  acknowl 
edged  it  to  be  worth 
more  than  the  entire 
cost  of  the  exposition 
to  the  farmers  of 
England.  He  exhi 
bited  it  in  Paris  in 
1855  and  at  Hamburg 
in  1863.  The  U.S. 
patent  office  refused 
to  extend  the  patent 
in  1859.  and  during 
an  argument  be 
fore  the  commission 
of  patents,  Reverdy  Johnson  declared  that  the 
McCormick  reaper  was  worth  $55.000,000  a  year 
to  the  United  States,  a  statement  never  disputed. 
Secretary  Seward  also  declared  that  its  introduc 
tion  in  the  harvest  fields  of  the  United  States 
moved  the  line  of  civilization  westward  thirty 
miles  every  year,  and  in  1897  it  was  estimated 
that  it  saved  in  labor  alone  to  the  farmers  of  the 
United  States  more  than  §  101). 000. 000  yearly. 
Mr.  McCormick  received  numerous  prizes,  di 
plomas  and  medals  at  home,  and  in  1878  re 
ceived  for  the  third  time  one  of  the  grand  prizes 
from  the  Paris  exposition,  and  the  rank  of  officer 
of  the  Legion  of  Honor.  He  was  also  elected  a 
member  of  the  French  Academy  of  Science  in 
that  year,  '•  as  having  done  more  for  agriculture 

than  any  other 
living  man.'' 
He  gave  $100,- 
000  to  found 
'-  the  Presbyte 
rian  seminary 


of     the  North- 
/'  west  in   Chica- 
"  go.  III.,  in  1850, 
which   became 

the  McCormick  Theological  seminary,  and  his 
gifts  to  the  institution  during  his  lifetime  aggre 
gated  $300, 000.  He  gave  to  Washington  and  Lee 
university,  Lexington.  Va..  $10,000  soon  after  the 
close  of  the  war,  to  which  lie  added  $10.000  more 
during  his  lifetime,  and  his  trustees  under  the 
provisions  of  his  will  added  $20,000.  making  his 
gift,  known  as  the  Cyrus  H.  McCormick  fund, 
amount  to  $40.000  in  real-estate  mortgages. 
Upon  this  foundation  the  trustees  of  the  univer 
sity  established  the  McCormick  professorship  of 


natural  philosophy.  He  aided  Union  Theological 
seminary  in  Virginia  to  the  amount  of  $30,000, 
and  was  also  a  generous  benefactor  of  Hastings 
college,  Neb.  He  gave  his  support  to  the  In 
terior,  a  religious  paper  in  1872.  which  became 
the  organ  of  the  Presbyterian  church  in  the  north 
western  states.  After  the  great  fire  of  1871  he 
rebuilt  his  business  on  a  much  larger  scale  and 
also  built  several  business  blocks  in  the  city.  He 
w;is  married  in  1858  to  Nettie,  daughter  of  Melzar 
Fowler,  of  Jefferson  county,  N.Y.,  and  their  son, 
Cyrus  Hall  McCormick,  Jr..  succeeded  as  presi 
dent  of  the  McCormick  Harvesting  Machine  com 
pany  on  the  death  of  his  father.  In  the  selection 
of  names  for  a  place  in  the  Hall  of  Fame  for 
Great  Americans,  New  York  university,  in  Oc 
tober,  1900.  his  name  in  Class  I),  inventors,  re 
ceive^!  twenty-six  votes.  Fulton,  Howe,  Morse  and 
Whitney  only  exceeding.  He  died  in  Chicago, 
III.,  May  13.  18X4. 

McCORMICK,  Henry  Clay,  representative,  was 
born  in  Washington  township,, Lycoming  county, 
Pa.,  June  30, 1844  ;  son  of  Setli  T.  and  Ellen  (Miller) 
McCormick  ;  grandson  of  Seth  McCormick,  and  of 
William  and  Sarah  (Moore)  Miller,  and  a  descend 
ant  of  Hugh  McCormick  who  immigrate;!  to 
America  about  1754  and  resided  in  Cumberland 
county,  and  of  James  McCormick  of  Londonderry, 
Ireland,  prominent  in  the  famous  siege  in  that 
city.  He  attended  the  common  schools  and  Dick 
inson  seminary,  studied  law.  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1806,  and  practised  his  profession  in  \Vil- 
liamsport,  Pa.  He  was  a  Republican  represent 
ative  in  the  50th  and  51st  congresses,  1887-91 .  and 
attorney -general  of  Pennsylvania,  1895-99.  In 
1899  lie  resumed  the  practice  of  law  at  Wil- 
liamsport. 

McCORMICK,  James  Robinson,  representa 
tive,  was  born  in  Washington  county,  Mo.,  Aug. 
1,  1824  ;  third  son  of  Joseph  and  Jane  (Robinson) 
McCormick,  and  grandson  of  Andrew  and  Cath 
erine  (Adams)  MoCormick.  Andrew  McCormick 
came  from  the  north  of  Ireland  about  177(5,  served 
in  the  Revolutionary  war,  and  married  the 
daughter  of  John  Adams,  who  with  his  sister 
Catherine,  tied  from  Germany  to  escape  persecu 
tion  from  the  Papists.  He  was  graduated  at  the 
Memphis  Medical  college  in  1X49.  and  settled  in 
practice  in  Ironton,  Mo.  He  married  in  1852 
Berchette  C.  Nance,  who  died  in  1X66,  and  sec 
ondly  Susan  E.  Garner.  Emmet  Curraii  McCor 
mick,  M.D.,  his  SOIL  by  his  first  marriage,  and 
James  Edward  McCormick.  M.D.,  by  his  second 
marriage,  survived  him.  He  was  a  delegate  to 
the  state  constitutional  con  ven  tion  of  1 861 ;  a  mem 
ber  of  the  state  senate.  1862.  but  resigned  to  serve 
in  the  Federal  army,  where  he  attained  the  rank 
of  brigadier-general,  and  served  to  the  close  of  the 
war.  In  1866  he  was  again  elected  a  state  sena- 


[214] 


McCORMICK 


McCORMICK 


tor,  but  resigned  in  1867  to  take  his  place  as  a 
Democratic  representative  in  the  40th  congress 
to  rill  the  unexpired  term  of  Thomas  E.  Noell, 
who  died  Oct.  3,  1867,  and  he  was  re-elected  to 
the  41st  and  42d  congresses,  serving  1867-78. 
He  died  in  Farmington.  Mo.,  May  19,  1897. 

McCORMICK,  Leander  J.,  inventor,  was  born 
at  Walnut  Grove,  Va,.  Feb.  8, 1819  ;  son  of  Robert 
and  Mary  McChesney  (Hall)  McCormick.  He 
attended  the  public  schools  of  Rockbridge  county 
and  \vas  engaged  with  his  father  and  brothers  in 
farming  and  in  perfecting  and  constructing  the 
reaping  machine  invented  by  his  father  in  1809. 
He  invented  various  improvements  to  the  reaper, 
including  a  seat  or  stand  from  which  a  man  could 
divide  the  grain  in  sheaves  suitable  for  binding, 
1N45  :  an  improvement  on  the  divider  side  in  1845  ; 
and  later  a  seat  for  the  driver,  who  had  before 
ridden  on  one  of  the  horses.  He  was  married  in 
IN -IT)  to  Henrietta  Maria,  daughter  of  John  Hamil 
ton,  of  Rockbridge  count}',  Va. ;  she  died  in  Chi 
cago  in  November.  1899.  Their  son.  Robert  8. 
McCormick,  was  secretary  of  legation  under  U.S. 
minister,  Robert  T.  Lincoln,  in  London  ;  married 
a  daughter  of  Joseph  Medill,  editor  of  the  Chicago 
Tribune,  and  in  1901  was  appointed  by  President 
McKinley  envoy  extraordinary  and  minister 
plenipotentiary  of  the  United  States  to  Austria- 
Hungary.  Leander  J.  McCormick  went  to  Cin 
cinnati,  Ohio,  in  1N47.  to  superintend  the  con 
struction  of  one  hundred  reaping  machines  and 
in  1848  he  removed  to  Chicago,  111.,  where  he  was 
joined  by  his  brother  Cyrus  Hall,  in  1849.  and 
where  they  established  a  factory.  He  took  entire 
charge  of  the  manufacturing  department  until 
1N79,  when  the  business  was  incorporated  as  the 
McCormick  Harvesting  Machine  Co.,  and  he  re 
tired  from  active  participation  in  the  business. 
He  presented  the  University  of  Virginia  in  1871 
with  a  twenty-six-inch  refracting  telescope  con- 
tructed  by  Alvan  Clark  &  Sons  of  Cambridge, 
Mass.,  and  at  the  time  the  Largest  refracting  lens 
in  the  world,  and  the  observatory  building  was 
known  as  the  McCormick  observatory.  Mr.  Mc 
Cormick  died  in  Chicago.  111.,  Feb.  20,  1900. 

McCORMICK,  Richard  Cunningham,  governor 
of  Arizona,  was  born  in  New  York  city,  May  23, 
1832  ;  son  of  Richard  and  Sarah  (Decker)  McCor 
mick  ;  grandson  of  Hugh  McCormick  of  Lycom- 
ing  county,  Pa.  (born  in  1777),  and  a  descendant 
of  James  McCormick,  of  Londonderry,  who  came 
to  America  about  1700.  He  received  a  classical 
education  in  New  York  city,  and  settled  as  a 
broker  in  Wall  street  in  1850,  which  business  he 
pursued  until  1804.  He  was  war  correspondent 
during  the  Crimean  war,  1854-55,  edited  the 
Young  Men's  Magazine,  1858-59,  and  was  con 
nected  with  the  New  York  Evening  Post,  1860-61. 
He  was  war  correspondent  for  that  and  other 


New  York  newspapers,  in  the  Army  of  the  Po 
tomac,  in  the  civil  war,  1861-62,  and  chief  clerk 
of  the  U.  S.  department  of  agriculture,  1862-68. 
He  was  appointed  by  President  Lincoln  secretary 
of  Arizona  when  organized  as  a  territory  in 
February,  1863,  and 
in  1866  he  was  ap 
pointed  by  President 
Johnson  governor  as 
successor  to  John  N. 
Goodwin.  He  resigned 
in  1869  to  take  his 
seat  as  delegate  to 
congress  from  Ari 
zona,  and  served  as 
such  in  the  41st,  42d 
and  43d  congresses, 
1869-75.  He  was  mar 
ried  in  Washington, 
D.C.,  Nov.  25,  1873,  to 
Elizabeth,  daughter 
of  the  Hon.  A.  G. 

Thurman  of  Ohio.  He  established  the  Ari 
zona  Miner,  at  Prescott,  in  1864,  and  the  Arizona 
Citizen,  at  Tucson,  in  1870.  He  was  a  delegate 
from  Arizona  territory  to  the  Republican  na 
tional  conventions  of  1872  and  1876  ;  a  commis 
sioner  from  Arizona  territory  to  the  Centennial 
exhibition  at  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  in  1876  ;  assistant 
secretary  of  the  U.S.  treasury,  1877,  and  commis 
sioner  general  to  the  Paris  exposition  in  1878, 
where  he  was  decorated  a  commander  of  the 
Legion  of  Honor  by  the  French  government.  He 
declined  the  mission  to  Brazil  in  1877.  and  the 
mission  to  Mexico  in  1879.  He  removed  to 
Jamaica,  L.I.,  N.Y.,  in  1878  ;  was  the  Republican 
candidate  for  representative  from  the  first  New 
York  district  in  the  50th  congress  in  1886,  and 
was  defeated  by  Perry  Belmont,  Democrat,  but 
served  as  a  representative  in  the  54th  congress, 
1895-97.  He  is  the  author  of  :  Visit  to  the  .Camp 
before  Sebastopol  (1855);  St.  Paul's  to  St.  Sophia 
(1860);  Arizona,  its  Resources  (1865).  He  also 
edited  The  Reports  of  the  United  States  Commis 
sioners  to  the  Paris  Exposition  (5  vols.,  1879). 
He  died  in  Jamaica,  N.Y.,  June  2,  1901. 

McCORMICK,  Robert,  inventor,  was  born  at 
Walnut  Grove,  Rockbridge  count}',  Va..  in  1780; 
son  of  Robert  and  Martha  (Sanderson)  McCor 
mick.  His  ancestors,  who  were  Scotch,  emigrated 
to  the  north  of  Ireland  and  thence  to  America. 
His  father,  a  native  of  Pennsylvania,  served  in 
the  Revolution,  removed  his  family  to  Rockbridge 
county,  Va.,  in  1779  ;  and  was  at  Guilford  Court 
House,  N.C.,  where  he  narrowly  escaped  death, 
March  15,  1781.  After  the  war  he  conducted  a 
number  of  farms  at  Walnut  Grove.  Va.,  a  grist 
and  saw  mill  and  a  machine  shop,  where  he  in 
vented  and  manufactured  labor-saving  farm  im- 


[815] 


McCORMICK 


McCOSU 


plenients.  In  1809  he  constructed  the  first  grain- 
cutting  machine  ever  devised,  which  was  im 
proved,  first  by  himself,  then  by  his  sons,  Cyrus 
Hall  and  Leander  J..  and  all  the  improvements 
were  patented  by  his  son  Cyrus  Hall,  in  1834. 
He  engaged  with  his  sons,  Cyrus  Hall.  William 
S.  and  Leander  .1.,  in  manufacturing  these  ma 
chines,  out  of  which  grew  the  MeCormick  Har 
vesting  Machine  manufactory  in  Chicago,  111. 
His  other  labor-saving  inventions  include  a  hemp- 
breaking  machine,  a  machine  for  cleaning  hemp, 
a  number  of  successful  threshing  machines,  a 
blacksmith's  bellows  and  a  machine  to  supply 
power  by  putting  water  under  pressure.  This 
last  was  abandoned  for  lack  of  machinery  for  use 
in  its  construction.  lie  was  a  student  of  classical 
literature  and  of  science,  especially  of  astronomy. 
He  was  married  to  Mary  McChesney,  daughter  of 
Patrick  Hall,  a  quartermaster  in  the  war  of  1812. 
He  died  at  Walnut  drove,  Va..  July  4,  184(5. 

McCORMICK,  Samuel  Black,  educator,  was 
born  inlrwin,  Westmoreland  county.  Pa.,  May  6, 
1858  ;  son  of  Dr.  James  I.  and  Rachel  Long 
(Black)  MeCormick.  and  grandson  of  John  and 
Esther  (Sowash)  MeCormick.  and  of  Samuel  and 
Jane  (Mansperger)  Black.  He  was  instructed  at 
lu)ine  by  his  father  and  was  graduated  from 
Washington  and  Jefferson  college,  A.B.,  1880, 
A.M.,  1883.  He  was  married  Sept.  29,  1882,  to 
Ida  May,  daughter  of  William  Steep  of  Washing 
ton,  Pa.  He  was  a  teacher  at  Jefferson  academy, 
1880-81,  and  at  Washington  and  Jefferson  college, 
1881-82;  studied  law  with  H.  H.  MeComuck, 
Pittsburg,  Pa.,  1882-83,  and  practised  there,  1882- 
83,  and  at  Denver,  Col.,  1883-87;  was  a  student 
at  Western  Theological  seminary,  1887-90,  was 
licensed  to  preach,  April  24,  1889,  and  pastor  of 
the  Central  Presbyterian  church  at  Allegheny, 
Pa..  1890-94.  and  of  the  First  Presbyterian  church, 
Omaha,  Nebraska,  1894-97.  He  was  elected  pres 
ident  of  Coe  college,  Cedar  Rapids,  Iowa,  in  1897. 
The  honorary  degree  of  D.D.  was  conferred  on 
him  by  Washington  and  Jefferson  college,  in 
1897. 

McCORVEY,  Thomas  Chalmers,  educator, 
was  born  in  Monroe  county,  Ala.,  Aug.  18.  1831  ; 
son  of  Murdock  and  Lydia  (Ranaldson)  McCorvey, 
and  grandson  of  John  and  Barbara  (McMillan) 
McCorvey,  and  of  Drury  Allen  and  Mary  (Single- 
tary)  Ranaldson.  His  paternal  grandparents 
were  both  born  in  Kintyre.  Scotland,  and  while 
they  were  very  young  their  parents  immigrated 
to  Robeson  county,  North  Carolina,  about  1783. 
His  Ranaldson  ancestors  fought  for  the  young 
Pretender  at  Culloden,  and  immigrated  to  what 
is  now  Cumberland  county,  N.C..  about  1747. 
He  was  prepared  for  college  at  the  Monroeville 
academy,  Alabama,  studied  at  Erskine  college, 
South  Carolina,  1870-71,  and  was  graduated  at 


the  University  of  Alabama,  Ph.B.,  187;!,  L1,B., 
1N74.  A.M.,  1878.  He  was  elected  commandant 
of  cadets  in  the  University  of  Alabama  in  1873. 
and  in  1888  was  made  professor  of  history  and 
political  economy  there.  He  was  married,  July 
22,  18SO.  toNetta  L.,  daughter  of  Henry  and  Julia 
(Aslie)  Tutwilerat  Greene  Springs,  Ala.  He  was 
appointed  by  President  Cleveland  a  member  of  the 
board  of  visitors  to  the  U.  S.  Military  academy 
in  1886.  He  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Amer 
ican  Academy  of  Social  and  Political  Science, 
and  in  1895  a  member  of  the  American  Historical 
association.  He  is  the  author  of  :  The  Gorcni- 
inent  of  the  People  of  the  Uhtte  of  Alabama  (1895), 
and  of  literary,  political  and  historical  articles 
contributed  to  newspapers  and  magazines. 

McCOSH,  James,  educator,  was  born  on  the 
bank  of  the  river  Doon.  near  the  village  of  Palna, 
Scotland,  April  1.  1811.  His  father  wasan  exten 
sive  farmer.  He  attended  the  parish  school, 
studied  at  the  University  of  Glasgow,  l!<2-l-29, 
and  took  a  course  in 
theology  at  the  Uni 
versity  of  Edinburgh, 
1829-34.  He  received 
the  honorary  degree 
of  A.M.  from  the 
University  of  Edin 
burgh  in  1835,  for  an 
essay  on  ''The  Stoic 
Philosophy."  He  was 
licensed  to  preach  in 
1834 ;  was  ordained 
to  the  Presbyterian 
ministry  in  1835. 
and  was  pastor  of 
the  Abbey  church 
at  Arbroath,  1835-38. 

In  1838  he  was  appointed  by  the  crown  pastor  of 
the  Presbyterian  church  at  Breehin,  and  minis 
tered  to  over  1.400  communicants  until  the  dis 
ruption  of  the  church  in  1843,  when  lie  joined  the 
Free  Church  party.  In  1843  and  1844  he  was  a 
member  of  a  deputation  appointed  by  the  General 
Assembly  to  visit  England  and  enlist  non-con 
formist  interest  for  the  Free  Church.  He  was 
married  at  Breehin  in  1845  to  Isabella  Guthrie, 
daughter  of  James  Guthrie,  M.D.,  and  niece  of 
Thomas  Guthrie,  the  celebrated  Edinburgh  divine. 
He  took  an  active  interest  in  the  establishing  of 
churches  in  the  shires  of  Forfar  and  Kincardine. 
He  was  appointed  professor  of  logic  and  meta 
physics  in  Queen V,  college,  Belfast,  Ireland,  in 
1852.  by  the  Earl  of  Clarendon,  at  that  time  lord 
lieutenant  of  Ireland,  and  tilled  that  office  until 
18(58,  becoming  famous  as  a  lecturer.  He  was  for 
a  part  of  that  time  an  examiner  in  ethics  for  the 
Queen's  University  of  Ireland  as  member  of  the 
board  which  organized  the  system  of  competition 


[216] 


McCOSH 


for  the  civil  offices  in  India.  He  also  was  an  ex 
aminer  for  the  Fei'guson  scholarship  open  to  grad 
uates  of  Scottish  universities.  He  visited  the 
principal  German  universities  in  1858,  and  those 
of  the  United  States  in  1866,  and  was  called  to 


/VASSAL!      HALL. 

the  presidency  of  the  College  of  New  Jersey  at 
Princeton,  in  1868,  succeeding  Dr.  John  Mac 
lean.  He  was  inaugurated  in  October,  1868,  and 
was  professor  of  biblical  instruction  and  of  psy 
chology  and  the  history  of  philosophy.  During 
his  administration  the  number  of  students  in 
creased  from  264  to  603,  a  dozen  new  fellowships 
were  founded,  the  number  of  professors  increased 
from  seventeen  to  forty-one,  the  standard  of 
scholarship  was  raised,  the  number  of  buildings 
was  greatly  enlarged,  the  number  of  books  and 
apparatus  was  trebled,  and  the  sum  of  $3,000.000 
was  added  to  the  funds  of  the  institution,  which 
he  raised  to  the  dignity  of  a  university.  He 
resigned  the  presidency  of  Princeton  university 
in  February,  1887,  and  his  professorship  in  1890. 
He  was  made  president  emeritus  with  his  salary 
continued  from  his  resignation.  On  April  1,  1891, 
his  eightieth  birthday,  a  silver  bowl  was  pre 
sented  by  the  faculty,  a  gold  pitcher  by  the  faculty 
and  alumni  during  his  administration,  and  a  silver 
cup  by  the  Princeton  club  of  New  York  city.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  American  Philosophical 
society  ;  a  fellow  of  the  American  Academy  of 
Arts  and  Sciences ;  a  delegate  to  the  general 
assembly  of  the  Presbyterian  church  at  Philadel 
phia,  Pa.,  in  1870,  and  to  the  tercentenary  cele 
bration  of  the  reformation  in  Scotland  at  Phila 
delphia  in  1872,  where  he  presented  a  scheme  for 
the  organization  of  the  Presbyterian  alliance  ;  a 
moderator  of  the  conference  at  London,  England, 
which  organized  the  alliance  in  1875,  and  a  dele 
gate  to  Edinburgh,  Scotland,  in  1877.  His  last 
public  appearance  was  at  the  International  Con 
gress  of  Education  at  the  World's  Columbian 
exposition,  Chicago,  July,  1893.  In  1889  a  full 
length  heroic-size  tablet  of  Dr.  McCosh,  executed 
by  Augustus  St.  Gaudens,  was  placed  on  the  walls 
of  Marquand  chapel  by  the  class  of  1879.  He 
received  the  honorary  degrees  :  A.M.  from  Aber- 

[217] 


deen,  1850,  LL.D.  from  Harvard,  1868,  and  from 
Queen's  university,  Ireland  ;  D.D.  from  Brown 
and  from  Washington  and  Jefferson,  1868,  and 
Litt.D.  from  Queen's,  Ireland,  1882.  He  contrib 
uted  articles  on  various  controversial  subjects 
to  leading  British  and  American  reviews  and 
magazines,  and  is  the  author  of  :  The  Wheat  and 
Chaff:  a  Contribution  toward  the  History  of  the 
Disruption  at  the  Scottish  Ecclesiastical  Establish 
ment  (IS-VS)  ;  The  Method  of  the  Divine  Government, 
Physical  and  Moral  (1850,  llth  ed.,  1874);  Typical 
Forms  and  Special  Ends  in  Creation,  with  Dr. 
George  Dickie  (1855) ;  The  Intuitions  of  the  Minds 
Inductively  Investigated  (1860,  3d  rev.  ed..  1872); 
The  Supernatural  in  Relation  to  the  Natural 
(1862);  Examination  of  Mill's  Philosophy  :  Being 
a  Defense  of  Fundamental  Truth  (1866);  The  Latvs 
of  Discursive  Thought:  Being  a  Treatise  on 
Formal  Logic  (1869,  rev.  ed.,  1890);  Christianity 
and  Positivism  (1871);  The  Scottish  Philosophy 
(1874);  Ideas  in  Nature  overlooked  by  Dr.  Tyndall 
(1875);  The  Development  Hypothesis:  is  it  Suffi 
cient  ?  (1876);  The  Emotions  (1880)  ;  Realistic  Phil 
osophy  Defended  in  a  Philosophic  Series  (2  vols., 
1887);  Psychology :  the  Cognitive  Poivers  (1886); 
Psychology:  the  Motive  Powers  (1887);  Tlie  Relig 
ions  Aspect  of  Evolution  (1888) ;  First  and  Funda 
mental  Truths  (1889);  The  Tests  of  Various  Kinds 
of  Truth  (1889);  The  Prevailing  Types  of  Philos 
ophy  :  Can  they  Logically  Reach  Reality  ?  (1890); 
Our  Moral  Nature  (1892);  Philosophy  of  Reality 
(1894).  See  "  Life,"  by  William  M.  Sloane  (1896), 
for  complete  bibliography.  He  died  at  Princeton, 
N.  J.,  Nov.  16,  1894,  and  is  buried  in  the  Pres 
ident's  lot  in  the  Princeton  cemetery. 

McCOSKRY,  Samuel  Allen,  first  bishop  of 
Michigan  ant1.  32d  in  succession  in  the  American 
episcopate,  was  born  in  Carlisle,  Pa..  Nov.  4, 
1804.  His  maternal  grandfather,  the  Rev.  Dr. 
Charles  Nisbet.  was 
president  of  Dickin 
son  college.  He  was 
a  cadet  at  the  U.S. 
Military  academy, 
1820-22,  and  was 
graduated  at  Dickin 
son  college,  Pa.,  A.B., 
1825.  A.M.,  1828.  He 
studied  law  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar 
at  Carlisle,  Pa.,  in 
1825,  and  while  prac 
tising  his  profession, 
1825-31 ,  served  as  dep 
uty-attorney  -  general 
of  Cumberland  coun 
ty,  1828-30.  He  pursued  theological  studies 
under  Bishop  H.  U.  Onderdonk,  1831-33  ;  was 
ordained  deacon  in  Christ  church,  Reading, 


MrCO\YN 


M.vrCK  ACK'KN 


Pa.,  March  28,  1833,  and  priest,  Dec.  13.  18:53. 
He  first  served  as  assistant  at  Christ  church 
and  was  rector  of  St.  Paul's  church,  Phil 
adelphia,  Pa.,  1834-36.  He  was  elected  bishop 
of  the  newly  formed  diocese  of  Michigan  and  was 
consecrated  in  St.  Paul's  church,  Philadelphia., 
Pa.,  by  Bishops  H.  U.  Onderdonk,  Doane  and 
Keinper,  July  7,  1836.  Besides  administering 
the  affairs  of  the  new  diocese,  Bishop  McCoskry 
also  served  as  rector  of  St.  Paul's  church,  Detroit, 
1836-63.  He  attended  the  jubilee  of  the  Vener 
able  Society  for  the  Propagation  of  the  Gospel  in 
Foreign  Parts  in  London,  England,  1852.  He 
served  the  diocese  for  over  forty-one  years  and 
his  administration  was  accompanied  by  a  remark 
able  growth.  In  March,  1878,  ''owing  to  fail 
ing  health  and  infirmities  of  age  which  hinder 
the  efficient  administration  of  the  affairs  of  the 
diocese,"  he  tendered  his  resignation,  being  at 
the  time  seventy-five  years  of  age.  Upon  learn 
ing  that  charges  had  been  made  against  his  moral 
character,  he  withdrew  his  resignation  and  de 
manded  an  investigation,  but  before  the  House 
of  Bishops  met  he  sailed  for  Europe  after  renew 
ing  his  resignation.  The  House  of  Bishops  met 
in  Ne\v  York,  Sept.  3,  1878,  and  when  a  quorum 
had  been  obtained  with  some  difficulty,  he  was 
deposed,  as  recorded  in  the  "  Journal  of  the  Gen 
eral  Convention  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal 
Church  for  1880."  He  received  the  honorary 
degree  of  D.D.  from  Columbia  college  in  1837  and 
that  of  D.C.L.  from  Oxford  in  1852.  He  died  in 
New  York  city,  Aug.  1,  1886. 

McCOWN,  John  Porter,  soldier,  was  born  in 
East  Tennessee,  Jan.  20,  1815.  He  was  graduated 
from  the  U.S.  Military  academy,  July  1,  1840, 
and  promoted  2d  lieutenant  of  the  4th  artillery. 
He  served  during  the  removal  of  the  Indians  to 
the  west  in  1840  ;  in  the  Canadian  border  disturb 
ances  at  Detroit.  Mich.,  1840-41,  and  at  Buffalo, 
N.Y..  1841-42.  He  was  promoted  1st  lieutenant, 
Sept.  30,  1843  ;  served  in  the  military  occupation 
of  Texas,  1845-46,  and  in  the  war  with  Mexico, 
1846-47,  participating  in  the  battles  of  Palo  Alto, 
Resaca  de  la  Palma,  Monterey,  the  siege  of  Vera 
Cruz,  Cerro  Gordo  and  the  assault  and  capture  of 
the  city  of  Mexico.  He  was  bre vetted  captain, 
April  18,  1847,  for  "gallant  and  meritorious 
conduct  in  the  battle  of  Cerro  Gordo.''  He  was 
quartermaster  of  the  4th  U.S.  artillery,  1847-48, 
served  on  frontier  duty  in  Texas,  1849-50  ;  was 
promoted  captain,  Jan.  5,  1851,  served  in  the  Flor 
ida  hostilities  against  the  Seminole  Indians, 
1856-57,  and  was  a  member  of  the  Utah  expedi 
tion  in  1858.  He  was  on  garrison  duty  in  Ne 
braska  and  Dakota.  1858-61,  and  at  the  outbreak 
of  the  civil  war  he  resigned  his  commission  in 
the  U.S.  army  and  entered  the  Confederate  serv 
ice  as  lieutenant-colonel  in  the  corps  of  artillery, 


C.S.A.  He  commanded  the  corps  in  the  provi 
sional  Army  of  Tennessee  from  May,  1801,  and  was 
promoted  brigadier-general,  Oct.  12,  1861.  At 
the  battle  of  Belmont,  Nov.  7.  1861,  he  command 
ed  the  Kentucky  side  of  the  river  at  Columbus, 
and  there  being  no  opposition  he  crossed  the 
river  and  met  General  Grant's  force.  He  was 
placed  in  command  of  Island  No.  10  and 
Madrid  Bend  in  February,  1862.  On  March  27  he 
was  succeeded  by  Gen.  W.  W.  Mackall.  He  took 
part  in  General  Bragg's  Kentucky  campaign  from 
April  29,  1862,  as  commander  of  the  3d  division, 
Army  of  the  West,  and  he  assumed  command  of 
that  army,  June  20,  1862.  At  the  battle  of  Stone's 
River,  with  Cleburne's  command  he  held  the 
right  of  Hardee's  corps  and  drove  back  the  ad 
vance  of  General  McCook,  capturing  many  pris 
oners,  cannon  and  small  arms.  After  the  close 
of  the  war  he  settled  near  Knoxville,  Tenii., 
where  he  taught  school.  He  removed  to  Little 
Rock.  Ark.,  where  he  died  Jan.  29,  1879. 

McCOY,  Isaac,  missionary,  was  born  in  Fayette 
county,  Pa.,  June  13,  1784.  His  parents  removed 
to  Shelby  county,  Ky.,  in  1790.  He  was  married 
in  1803  to  Christina,  daughter  of  Captain  Polls, 
whose  wife  and  several  children  were  captured 
by  the  Ottawa  Indians.  With  his  wife  he  jour 
neyed  to  Vincennes,  Ind.Ter.,  in  1804.  and  to  Clark 
county  in  1805,  where  he  was  licensed  to  preach 
by  the  Silver  Creek  Baptist  church.  In  October, 
1810,  he  was  admitted  to  the  ministry  of  the 
church  at  Maria  Creek  and  was  pastor,  1810-17. 
He  was  made  missionary  to  the  Indians  residing 
in  the  Northwest  territory  in  1817,  established 
Fort  Wayne  mission,  and  in  1822  Carey  mission 
at  Niles,  Michigan  Territory.  His  journeys 
through  his  territory,  and  even  Ids  several  visits 
to  Washington  to  lay  the  claims  of  the  Indians 
before  congress  and  the  president,  were  made  on 
horseback.  He  urged  the  colonization  of  the 
tribes  on  territory  not  to  be  disturbed  by  settlers 
and  away  from  the  temptations  of  whiskey  and 
rum  pressed  upon  them  by  the  white  men.  He 
sent  several  pupils  to  Hamilton  college  to  be 
educated,  and  on  Oct.  9.  1825.  delivered  near  the 
siteof  the  future  Chicago  the  first  sermon  preach 
ed  to  English-speaking  hearers  in  that  localitv. 
He  removed  from  Carey  mission  in  1826  to  west  of 
the  Mississippi,  where  he  laid  out  reservations  and 
located  several  tribes  in  what  became  Indian  Ter 
ritory.  He  was  flie  first  secretary  of  the  Ameri 
can  Indian  Mission  association  with  headquarters 
at  Louisville,  Ky.,  1842-16.  He  is  the  author  of 
History  of  the  Baptist  India))  Mission  (1840).  He 
died  in  Louisville,  Ky..  June  21,  1846. 

MacCRACKEN,  Henry  Mitchell,  educator,  was 
born  at  Oxford,  Ohio,  Sept.  28,  1840;  son  of  the 
Rev.  John  Steele  and  Eliza  Hawkins  (Dougherty) 
MacCracken  ;  grandson  of  John  and  Martha  (Wil- 


218] 


MACCRACKEN 


McCRADY 


son)  MacCracken,  and  great-grandson  of  Henry 
MaeCracken,  wlio  fell  at  a  frontier  post  on  the 
West  Susquehanna  in  the  war  of  the  American 
Revolution,  and  of  Major  Samuel  Wilson,  also  a 
Revolutionary  soldier.  His  father  was  a  Presby 
terian  clergyman, 
and  his  mother  be- 
iore  her  marriage 
was  principal  of  a 
school  for  young 
ladies  in  Oxford.  He 
was  graduated  from 
Miami  university  in 
1857  ;  was  a  classical 
teacher  at  Grove  aca 
demy,  Cedarville, 
Ohio,  1857-58  ;  school 
superintendent  at 
Charleston,  Ohio, 
1858-00;  andaclassi- 
calteaclieratthehigh 
school,  Xenia,  Ohio, 

1800-61.  He  studied  theology  in  the  United  Pres 
byterian  Theological  seminary  at  Xenia,  1800-63  ; 
and  at  the  Princeton  Theological  seminary,  1862- 
6:3.  He  was  stated  supply  of  the  First  church, 
Toledo,  Ohio,  in  1863  ;  was  ordained  by  the  presby 
tery  of  Columbus,  Ohio,  Nov.  7,  1863,  and  was 
pastor  of  Westminster  church.  Columbus,  1803-67. 
He  studied  philosophy  and  history  in  the  univer 
sities  of  Tubingen  and  Berlin.  Germany,  1867-  68  ; 
was  pastor  of  the  First  Presbyterian  church,  Tol 
edo,  1869-81  :  a  member  of  the  committee  that  led 
in  founding  Wooster  university  in  1805  and  Green 
Spring  academy  in  1877,  and  was  also  the  first  to 
propose,  in  his  "Historical  Memorial  to  the  Gen 
eral  Assembly,''  the  Presbyterian  Tercentenary 
of  1872.  He  was  chancellor  and  professor  of 
philosophy  in  the  Western  University  of  Penn 
sylvania,  1881-84;  became  professor  of  philosophy 
in  the  University  of  the  City  of  New  York  in 
UJ*!4  :  was  vice-chancellor  of  the  same,  1885-91, 
and  in  1891  became  chancellor.  During  his 
administration  the  university  founded  its  grad 
uate  seminary,  its  school  of  pedagogy,  and  ob 
tained  new  grounds  in  the  upper  part  of  New 
York  city,  named  upon  the  map  University 
Heights,  upon  which  were  erected  buildings  cost 
ing  about  $2,000.000.  including  the  Hall  of  Fame 
for  Great  Americans.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the 
General  Assembly  of  the  Free  Church  of  Scotland 
at  Edinburgh  in  1867  ;  to  the  Presbyterian  assem 
bly  at  Dublin,  Ireland,  in  1867,  and  historical 
orator  at  the  Scotch-Irish  reunion,  Belfast,  Ire 
land,  in  1884.  He  was  elected  an  officer  of  the 
American  Society  of  Church  History,  of  the 
Society  for  the  Prevention  of  Crime,  The  Ameri 
can  Tract  society,  and  other  benevolent  associa 
tions.  He  received  the  honorary  degree  of  D.D. 


from  Wittenberg  college,  Ohio,  in  1878,  and  that 
of  LL.D.  from  Miami  university  in  1887.  He  was 
married,  July  2,  1872,  at  Columbus, Ohio,  to  Cathe 
rine,  daughter  of  the  Rev.  Thomas  Hubbard  of 
Stockbridge,  Vt.  The  writings  of  Chancellor  Mac 
Cracken  include  periodical  articles  upon  phil 
osophical,  sociological,  educational,  historical  and 
religious  questions.  He  is  the  author  of:  Kant 
and  Lotze  (1885);  Lives  of  the  Leaders  of  Our 
Church  Universal,  translated  in  chief  part  from 
the  German  of  Dr.  Ferdinand  Piper  (3  vols., 
1879);  A  Metropolitan  University  (1892)  ;  Educa 
tional  Progress  in  the  United  States  in  the  Quarter 
Century  Ending  _?<^J(1893);  The  Hall  of  Fame 
(1901). 

MacCRACKEN,  John  Henry,  educator,  was 
born  in  Rochester,  Vt.,  Sept.  30,  1875  ;  son  of 
Henry  Mitchell  and  Catherine  (Hubbard)  Mac 
Cracken  and  grandson  of  John  and  Eliza  (Doug 
herty)  MacCracken  and  of  Thomas  Swan  and 
Mary  (Fay)  Hubbard.  His  paternal  ancestor,  Hen 
ry  MacCracken,  emigrated  from  the  north  of  Ire 
land  about  1760,  settled  in  Pennsylvania  and 
taught  school  on  the  west  branch  of  the  Susque 
hanna  river.  His  maternal  ancestor.  John  Hub 
bard,  was  pastor  of  the  church  at  Northfield, 
Mass.,  1749-94.  He  attended  the  public  schools  of 
Allegheny,  Pa.,  and  Lyons  collegiate  institute  at 
New  York  city,  and  was  graduated  from  New 
York  university,  A.B.,1894,  A.M.,  1897.  He  was  a 
student  at  the  Union  Theological  seminary,  1894- 
95,  and  at  the  University  of  Halle-Wittenberg, 
Germany,  1895-96  and  1899,  receiving  the  degree 
of  Ph.D.  in  1899.  He  was  instructor  and  assist 
ant  professor  of  philosophy  at  New  York  uni 
versity,  1896-99,  and  was  elected  president  of 
Westminster  college  in  1899,  at  the  age  of  twenty- 
three.  He  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Western 
Philosophical  association  in  1899  and  of  the  Amer 
ican  Historical  association  in  1900. 

McCRADY,  Edward,  lawyer  and  theologian, 
was  born  in  Charleston,  ^  C.,  March  16,  1803; 
son  of  John  and  Jane  (Johnson)  McCrady  ;  grand 
son  of  Edward  and  Elizabeth  (Campbell)  Mc 
Crady,  who  emigrated  from  Antrim,  Ireland, 
about  1765,  also  of  William  Johnson,  who  re 
moved  from  New  York  to  Charleston  in  176-,  a 
leader  in  the  Revolutionary  war.  Both  his  grand 
fathers  were  among  the  patriot  exiles  sent  to  St. 
Augustine,  Fla.,  from  Charleston  upon  the  capture 
of  that  city  by  the  British  in  1780.  His  father 
was  a  lawyer.  He  was  prepared  for  college  at 
the  private  academy  of  the  Rev.  Thomas  Frost, 
Sr.,  was  graduated  from  Yale  in  1820,  and  was  for 
several  years  the  oldest  living  graduate  of  that 
university,  lie  studied  law  under  his  uncle, 
William  Johnson,  associate  justice  of  the  supreme 
court  of  the  United  States,  and  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1824.  He  espoused  the  Union  side  of 
[219] 


McCRADY 


Mt'CRADY 


the  nullification  struggle  in  1832,  was  chairman 
of  the  committee  of  correspondence  of  that  party 
in  Charleston,  and  attended  the  nullification  con 
vention  in  Columbia,   S.C.,  as  one  of  the  agents 
of  the  administration,  reporting  to  Washington 
on  the  transactions  of  each  day.     In  behalf  of  the 
Union  party  lie  made  the  question  as  to  the  oath 
of  allegiance  prescribed  by  the  nullification  con 
vention,  in   a   case    reported  as  :  "  The  State  ex 
relations    McCready    r-s.     Hunt,"    published     in 
Hill's   Law    Reports,    and  occupying    half     that 
volume,  which  resulted  in   the  overthrow  of  the 
court  which  sustained  his  position.     He  was  U.S. 
district  attorney,   1839-50,  resigning    to  take  an 
active  part  in  the  organization  of  the  co-operation 
party  of  the  south  as  against  the  immediate  se 
cession  party,  and  served  for  several  years  as  a 
representative  in  the  legislature  from  Charleston. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  state  convention  which 
met  in  185-3,  and   in  that  body  voted   against   an 
ordinance  declaring  the  right  of  peaceable  seces 
sion,    lie   maintaining    that    recession,    however 
justified,  could    only  be  a  measure  of   war.     He 
was  again  a  member  of  the  state  convention  of 
1860,  in  which  lie  voted  for  the  ordinance  of  se 
cession.     He    was     recognized     throughout    the 
United  States  as  one  of  the  most  learned  laymen 
iu   the   Episcopal    church.     He    represented    St. 
Philip's  parish  in  the  diocesan  convention  for  over 
fifty  years  consecutively,  was  for  thirty  years  a 
member  of  the  general  convention  of  the  church 
in  the  United  States  and  a  member  of  the  standing 
committee  of  the  diocese  for  forty  years,  and  was 
a  constant  contributor    to    church  reviews  and 
periodicals.     Two   of    his    articles,    one    on    the 
litany,    written   in   his   eightieth  year,  and    the 
other  a  review  of  Henry   Drummond's  "  Natural 
Law  in   the   Spiritual   World,"    written    in    his 
eighty-fourth    year,  attracted    much    attention. 
He    was    married    in    1829   to  Louisa   Rebecca, 
daughter   of   Robert   and   Louisa    (de   Berniere) 
Lane,  and   granddaughter  of  Col.  John  de   Ber 
niere   of   the    British  arm}',  who  immigrated  to 
South  Carolina  in  1799.     Of   their   children,  four 
sons    and    four    daughters     reached    maturity  : 
Edward    (q.v.)  ;    John   (q.v.)  ;    Thomas,    a     dis 
tinguished  officer  in  the  Confederate  army  ;  Louis 
de  Berniere,  who,  witli  his  brother  Edward  and 
his   brother-in-law,   Thomas  W.    Bacot,   formed 
the   law   firm  of  McCrady   &   Bacot  ;  Louisa  de 
Berniere,  the    wife   of  Thomas   W.    Bacot,  Ellen 
Madelina,  Jane,  and  Mary  Margaret.     He  died  at 
Charleston.  S.C.,  in  November,  1892. 

flcCRADY,  Edward,  lawyer  and  historian, 
was  born  in  Charleston,  S.C.,  April  8,  1833  ;  son 
of  Edward  and  Louisa  Rebecca  (Lane)  McCrady. 
He  was  prepared  for  college  in  private  academies 
in  Charleston,  1841-49  :  was  graduated  from  the 
College  of  Charleston  in  1853,  and  was  admitted 


to  tbe  bar  in  1855.  He  took  part  in  the  earliest 
military  operations  during  the  civil  war  as  captain 
in  the  state  service,  Dec.  27,  I860.  On  April  1-5. 
18(51,  lie  entered  the  Confederate  States  service 
as  captain  of  the  first  company  raised  "  for  the 
war ''  in  South  Caro 
lina,  and  was  pro 
moted  major  and 
lieutenant-colonel,  1st 
S.C.  volunteers.  June 
27,  1861.  He  served 
in  Jackson's  corps  in 
Virginia,  and  being 
disabled  by  wounds 
he  was  in  1864  trans 
ferred  to  the  com 
mand  of  the  camp 
of  instruction  at  Ma 
dison,  Fla.  After 
the  war  lie  was 
major-general  of  the 
state  volunteer  force. 
He  was  married,  Feb.  2J.  1 868.  to  Mary  Fraser 
Davie.  granddaughter  of  Uen.  William  Richard 
son  Da  vie  (q.v.).  He  resumed  the  practice  of  law 
in  October,  1805,  was  a  member  of  the  South 
Carolina  house  of  representatives,  1880-90,  and 
was  the  author  of  state  election  and  registration 
laws  popularly  known  as  the  "  eight  box  law," 
and  of  other  important  measures.  He  was  elected 
a  member  of  the  Historical  Society  of  South 
Carolina,  1857  ;  of  the  Elliot  Society  of  Natural 
History  ;  a  trustee  of  the  Charleston  Library 
society  ;  a  trustee  of  the  Medical  College  of  South 
Carolina  and  president  of  the  Historical  Society 
of  South  Carolina.  He  received  the  honorary  de 
gree  of  LL.D.  from  the  College  of  Charleston  in 
1900.  He  is  the  author  of:  The  History  of  South 
Carolina  under  the  Proprietary  Government,  1670- 
1719  (1897)  ;  The  History  of  South  Carolina 
under  tlte  Royal  Government.  1?'1!>-17?<J  (1899)  ; 
The  History  of  South  Carolina  in  the  Revolution, 
1775-1780  (1901)  ;  Tlte  History  of  South  Carolina 
in  tlie  Revolution,  l7Xo-17&-'->  (in  preparation, 
1901),  and  numerous  legal,  political  and  historical 
essays  and  addresses. 

McCRADY,  John,  scientist,  was  born  in 
Charleston,  S.C.,  Oct.  15,  1S31  ;  eldest  son  of 
Edward  and  Louisa  Rebecca  (Lane)  McCrady. 
He  was  graduated  from  the  College  of  Charleston 
in  1850  and  began  the  study  of  law  with  his 
father,  but  soon  abandoned  it  for  scientific  pur 
suits.  Attracting  the  attention  of  Louis  Agassiz, 
then  lecturing  at  the  medical  college  at  Charles 
ton,  by  his  invitation  be  became  his  private  pupil, 
and  as  such  accompanied  him  to  Cambridge, 
Mass.,  where  lie  spent  three  summers.  He  was 
one  of  the  few  American  naturalists  to  be  trained 
as  such  under  the  instruction  of  Agassiz,  and  the 
[23(1] 


McCRADY 


McCREARY 


results  were  apparent  as  soon  as  lie  undertook  to 
make  original  observations.  He  was  appointed  as 
sistant  professor  of  mathematics  in  the  College  of 
Charleston  in  1836,  and  in  addition  to  the  duties  of 
that  chair  he  pursued  his  scientific  researches. 
He  was  an  enthusiastic'  member  and  curator  of 
the  Elliot  Society  of  Natural  History.  His  paper 
on  the  medusa?  occupied  over  one  hundred  pages 
of  the  Proceeding*  of  that  society,  and  mark  an 
event  in  the  history  of  zoology  in  the  south,  inas 
much  as  naturalists  who  preceded  Mr.  McCrady 
had  confined  themselves  to  describing  species 
almost  exclusively  among  the  vertebrate  animals, 
whereas  with  the  assistance  of  the  microscope  he 
studied  out  carefully  the  development  of  the 
various  medusas  from  the  ovum  to  the  adult  state. 
He  was  thus  enabled  to  eliminate  many  forms 
which  were  thought  to  be  distinct  species,  but 
which,  upon  more  careful  examination,  were 
found  to  be  the  same  animal  in  various  stages  of 
its  growth.  At  the  time  of  his  work  the  subdivi 
sion  to  which  sea  blubber  belongs  had  only  been 
slightly  investigated  in  America  and  his  papers 
upon  the  subject  have  since  been  commented 
upon  as  never  having  been  exceeded  in  accuracy. 
Upon  the  breaking  out  of  the  war  between  the 
states  he  at  once  resigned  his  professorship  and 
entered  the  service  of  the  state  as  an  officer  of 
engineers,  becoming  a  major  in  that  corps  in  the 
Confederate  States  army.  He  served  upon  the 
military  staff  of  General  Beauregard,  in  charge 
of  the  construction  of  the  fortifications  around 
Savannah  ;  joining  the  army  of  Gen.  Joseph  E. 
Johnston  after  the  evacuation  of  Savannah  and 
attaining  reputation  as  a  skilful  military  engineer. 
His  manuscripts  and  books  recording  the  result 
of  his  scientific  researches  and  labors  of  the  seven 
years  before  the  war  were  burned  in  Columbia  in 
1865.  He  was  professor  of  mathematics  in  the 
College  of  Charleston,  1865-73  ;  succeeded  Agassiz 
as  professor  of  zoology  at  Harvard,  1874-77.  and 
delivered  a  course  of  lectures  before  the  theolog 
ical  school  of  the  university.  In  August,  1877.  he 
was  elected  professor  of  biology  and  the  relation 
of  science  and  religion  in  the  University  of  the 
South  at  Sewanee,  Tenn.,  and  spent  the  remainder 
of  his  life  in  that  institution.  In  the  winter  of 
1880-81  lie  delivered  a  series  of  lectures  at  the 
Johns  Hopkins  university  in  which  he  outlined 
his  philosophical  system.  He  married  Sarah, 
daughter  of  Paul  Dismukes  of  Tennessee  and 
granddaughter  of  Thomas  Lynch  Cq . v. ) .  His  son . 
the  Rev.  Edward  McCrady.  was  in  1901  rector  of 
Trinity  church.  Abbeville.  S.C.  In  September, 
1881,  Professor  McCrady  was  taken  ill.  and  while 
convalescent,  the  house  in  which  he  lived  and  the 
manuscripts  of  his  lifelong  work  were  burned. 
This  shock  arrested  his  recovery,  and  he  died  at 
Nashville,  Tenn.,  Oct.  10,  1881.  " 


[2311 


McCRARY,  George  Washington,  cabinet 
officer,  was  born  near  Evansville,  Ind.,  Aug.  2'J, 
1835  ;  son  of  James  and  Matilda  (Forrest)  Mc- 
Crary.  His  parents  removed  beyond  the  Missis 
sippi  in  1835  and  made  their  home  in  the  limits  of 
Iowa  Territory.  He 
studied  law.  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in 
1856,  and  settled  in 
practice  in  Keokuk. 
He  was  married  in 
1857  to  Helen  A. 
Gelatt.  He  was  a 
Republican  represent 
ative  in  the  Iowa 
legislature  in  1857 
and  a  state  senator, 

1861-65.      He    served  ?S?:S5^£^V V  ^s" 

in  the  senate  as  chair 
man  of  the  com 
mittee  on  military  af 
fairs  and  of  the  judi 
ciary  committee.  He  was  a  Republican  represent 
ative  from  the  first  Iowa  district  in  the  41st,  42d, 
43d  and  44th  congresses,  1869-77,  being  chairman 
of  the  committee  on  elections  in  the  42d  con 
gress.  He  introduced  the  bill  in  congress  that 
led  to  the  appointment  of  the  electoral  commis 
sion  of  1877.  In  arguing  the  Florida  case  before 
the  commission  he  denied  the  power  of  congress 
to  go  behind  the  returns,  and  his  view  of  the  ques 
tion  was  adopted  by  the  commission.  He  was 
also  the  author  of  the  law  under  which  the 
judiciary  of  the  United  States  was  re -organized. 
He  was  appointed  secretary  of  war  by  President 
Hayes,  March  12,  1877  ;  resigned  in  December, 
1879,  upon  receiving  the  appointment  of  judge 
of  the  8th  judicial  district  of  the  U.S.  circuit 
court,  and  served  until  March,  1884,  when  he  re 
moved  to  Kansas  City,  Mo.,  to  serve  as  attorney 
and  counsellor  for  the  Atchison,  Topeka  and  Santa 
Fe  railroad  company  and  to  engage  in  the  general 
practice  of  law.  He  is  the  author  of  Tlie  Amer 
ican  Lair  of  Elections  (1875).  He  died  in  St. 
Joseph.  Mo..  June  23.  1890. 

McCREARY,  James  Bennett,  governor  of 
Kentucky,  was  born  in  Richmond,  Ky.,  July  8, 
1838  ;  son  of  Robert  and  Sabrina  (Bennett)  Mc- 
Creary  and  grandson  of  James  and  Mary  (Burr) 
McCreary.  His  ancestry  on  both  sides  removed 
from  Virginia  to  Kentucky.  He  was  graduated 
at  Centre  college,  Ky..  A.B.,  1857;  Cumberland 
university.  LL.B..  1859.  Tie  practised  law  in 
Richmond.  Ky..  was  major  and  lieutenant-col 
onel  of  the  11th  Kentucky  cavalry,  C.S.A.,  1862- 
65,  serving  in  the  west  under  Generals  Bragg  <'rnd 
Morgan  and  in  the  east  under  General  Breckin- 
ridge.  He  was  married.  June  12.  1867.  to  Katie, 
daughter  of  Thomas  Hughes  of  Fayette  county, 


McC'REARY 


McCULLOCH 


Kv.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  Democratic  na 
tional  convention  in  New  York  city,  July  4, 
1868  ;  a  representative  in  the  state  legislature, 
1869-74;  and  speaker  of  the  house,  1871-72  and 

1873-74.  He  was  gov 
ernor  of  Kentucky, 
1875-79,  and  a  repre 
sentative  from  the 
eighth  congressional 
district  of  Kentucky 
in  the  49th-54th  con 
gresses,  1885-97.  In 
congress  he  was  chai  r- 
nian  of  the  committee 
on  foreign  affairs  and 
was  one  of  the  five 
delegates  authorized 
by  congress  to  re 
present  the  United 
States  at  the  Inter 
national  Monetary 

conference  held  at  Brussels,  Belgium,  in  1892. 
He  was  delegate  at  large  from  the  state  of  Ken 
tucky  to  the  Democratic  national  convention  held 
at  Kansas  city  in  1900,  and  was  chairman  of  the 
Democratic  state  campaign  committee  in  that 
year.  He  received  the  honorary  degree  of  LL.D. 
from  Centre  college.  Ky.,  in  1879. 

McCREARY,  Pitt  L.,  educator,  was  born  at 
Fairview,  Erie  county,  Pa.,  April  6,  1851.  He 
was  graduated  at  Pennsylvania  State  college, 
B.S.,  1871,  and  became  a  civil  engineer  in  Erie. 
He  surveyed  and  planned  the  Akron,  Ohio,  water 
works,  1874-75  ;  was  landscape  engineer  at  Cleve 
land,  Ohio,  1876;  Willoughby,  Ohio,  and  Nash 
ville,  Tenn.,  1877;  and  Evansville,  Ind.,  1878; 
teacher  at  the  Evansville  High  school,  1879 ; 
professor  of  mathematics,  Vincennes  university, 
1880-82,  and  president  of  the  university,  1882-85. 
He  died  at  Vincennes,  Ind..  Jan.  27,  1885. 

McCREARY,  Thomas  Clay,  senator,  was  born 
near  Owensboro,  Ky.,  in  1817  ;  son  of  Robert  and 
Cynthia  (Clay)  McCreary.  His  mother  was  the 
daughter  of  Thomas  Clay  of  Virginia,  sixth  in 
descent  from  the  immigrant  ancestor,  John  Clay, 
who  came  to  that  colony  in  1613,  and  from  whom 
also  Henry  Clay,  his  second  cousin,  was  descended 
in  the  same  degree.  He  received  a  liberal  educa 
tion  at  Centre  college,  Ky.,  in  the  class  of  1837, 
but  did  not  graduate  ;  studied  law  in  Daviess 
county,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1838. 
He  practised  law  for  a  short  time  and  then 
devoted  himself  to  agricultural  pursuits  in  his 
native  ccunty.  He  was  married,  in  1845,  to  Clara 
Hawes.  He  is  said  to  have  been  of  "  scholarly 
tastes,  broadly  read,  and  a  speaker  of  force  and 
eloquence."  He  was  candidate  in  1852,  on  the 
Democratic  ticket  for  elector  for  Pierce  and 
King,  and  in  1860  for  Breckinridge  and  Lane, 


but  was  defeated.  With  these  exceptions  he  was 
never  a  candidate  or  held  other  office  than  that 
of  U.S.  senator.  He  was  first  elected  U.S.  sena 
tor  in  1868.  to  fill  the  unexpired  term  of  James 
Guthrie,  taking  his  SL>at  Feb.  27,  1868.  and  served 
until  March  3,  1871.  He  was  elected  for  a  full 
term  in  1872,  serving  1873-79.  During  his  service 
as  senator  he  introduced  a  bill  to  restore  the 
property  at  Arlington,  Va. ,  to  the  family  of 
Robert  E.  Lee,  which  was  defeated  by  a  party 
vote.  In  his  second  term  he  was  a  member  of 
the  committees  on  foreign  relations,  Indian  af 
fairs,  civil  service  and  retrenchment.  He  died 
in  Owensboro,  Ky.,  July  10,  1S90. 

McCULLOCH,  Benjamin,  soldier  was  born  in 
Rutherford  county,  Tenn.,  Nov.  11,  1811  ;  son  of 
Lieut.  Alexander  McCulloch.  an  aide-de-camp  to 
Gen.  James  Coffee.  He  worked  on  his  father's 
farm,  was  a  raftsman  on  the  river,  and  became 
an  expect  hunter  and 
trapper.  In  is:>5  he 
removed  to  Texas  to 
aid  that  colony  in 
its  struggle  for  in 
dependence.  lie  ar 
rived  at  Nacogdoches 
too  late  to  join  Gen 
eral  Houston's  army, 
and  started  alone  for 
the  Brazos  river. 
After  the  fall  of  the 
Alamo  he  joined 
General  Houston's 
army  and  was  in 
charge  of  one  of  the 
"  twin  sisters'"  guns 

at  the  battle  of  San  Jacinto  which  he  used 
with  such  effect  that  he  was  promoted  on  the 
field,  and  his  heroism  formed  the  subject  for  a 
poem,  "  Ben  McCulloch  at  San  Jacinto."  He  was 
engaged  in  recruiting  a  company  in  Tennessee 
until  the  close  of  the  war,  when  he  settled  in 
Gonzales,  engaged  in  exploration  and  surveying, 
and  defended  the  frontier  against  Indian  raids, 
taking  part  in  the  engagement  at  Plum  Creek. 
He  was  a  representative  in  the  Texas  congress  in 
1839;  and  while  in  congress  he  had  a  duel  with 
Col.  Reuben  Davis,  in  which  he  received  a  severe 
wound  in  the  shoulder.  In  1840  he  rendered 
notable  service  during  the  Indian  raid  as  a 
scout  and  as  commander  of  a  company.  He  de 
clined  the  nomination  for  representative  in  the 
Texas  congress  in  1842,  and  upon  the  annexation 
of  Texas  to  the  United  States  in  1845  he  was  a 
representative  in  the  first  state  legislature  and 
was  appointed  major-general  of  slate  militia  for 
the  western  district.  At  the  outbreak  of  the  war 
with  Mexico,  in  April.  1846.  he  organized  a 
company  of  picked  scouts,  and  joined  General 


McCULLOCH 


MrCULLOCII 


Taylor  after  the  battle  of  Resaca  <le  la  Palnia, 
May  9,  1846.  lie  was  promoted  (quartermaster 
with  the  rank  of  major,  July  16, 1846  ;  participated 
in  the  battle  of  Monterey,  Sept.  20-25,  1846,  and 
with  his  scouts  was  sent  forward  one  hundred 
miles  into  the  enemy's  country,  and  discovered 
the  exact  strength  of  Santa  Anna's  forces.  At 
Buena  Vista,  Sept.  22-24.  1847,  by  his  great  bra 
very  lie  won  the  recognition  of  the  command 
ing  general  and  was  placed  on  duty  at  Scott's 
headquarters.  After  resigning  his  staff  posi 
tion  he  organized  a  company  of  spies  and  per 
formed  valuable  services  at  the  taking  of  the 
city  of  Mexico,  lie  returned  to  Texas  after  the 
close  of  the  T.var  and  resumed  his  business  of 
surveying.  In  1849,  upon  the  discovery  of  gold 
in  California,  he  removed  to  Sacramento,  and 
was  elected  sheriff  of  Sacramento  county.  He 
returned  to  Texas  in  1852  ;  was  appointed  U.S. 
marshal  for  the  eastern  district  by  President 
Pierce,  and  was  retained  by  President  Buchan 
an.  In  1857  lie  was  appointed  one  of  the  com 
missioners  to  adjust  the  Mormon  troubles  in 
Utah,  and  to  report  on  the  condition  of  Arizona. 
He  refused  the  nomination  of  U.S.  senator  in 
1855,  and  at  the  outbreak  of  the  civil  war  he  was 
engaged  on  official  duty  at  Washington.  After 
the  conclusion  of  his  final  reports  he  returned  to 
Texas  and  offered  his  services  to  the  Confederate 
cause,  and  he  was  commissioned  brigadier-gen 
eral.  May  14.  1861,  and  ordered  to  Fort  Smith, 
Ark.  He  hastily  organized  an  army  and  marched 
to  the  relief  of  Governor  C.  J.  Jackson,  and  after 
forming  a  junction  with  Generals  Sterling  Price 
anJ  X.  B.  Pearce,  he  assumed  command  of  the 
combined  forces  and  met  and  defeated  the  Fed 
eral  army  under  Gen.  Nathaniel  Lyon.  at  Wilson's 
Creek,  Aug.  10,  1861.  Having  no  orders  to  make 
Missouri  a  fighting  ground,  lie  refused  to  pursue 
and  gave  up  the  command  to  General  Price.  He 
participated  in  the  attempt  made  by  General  Van 
Dorn  to  surround  the  Federal  army  at  Benton- 
ville,  Ark.,  and  succeeded  in  driving  General 
Sigel  from  the  town.  McCulloch  commanded  a 
division  composed  of  an  infantry  and  cavalry 
brigade  at  the  battle  of  Pea  Ridge,  March  7, 
1862.  and  while  leading  his  troops  in  a  furious  at 
tack  against  the  division  of  Gen.  P.  J.  Osterhatis, 
ne  was  mortally  wounded  and  his  command,  de 
prived  of  its  commander,  was  beaten  back.  He 
died  near  Elkhorn  Tavern,  Ark.,  March  7,  1862. 

McCULLOCH,  Henry  Eustace,  soldier,  was 
born  in  Rutherford  county,  Tenn..  Dec.  6.  1816; 
son  of  Lieut.  Alexander  McCulloch.  He  engaged 
in  rafting  on  the  Mississippi,  and  at  the  out 
break  of  the  Florida  war  of  1836  he  served  as  a 
volunteer.  He  removed  to  Texas  in  1837  and 
engaged  in  land  surveying.  He  was  married,  in 
1840,  to  Jane  Isabella  Ashby.  He  was  appointed 


tax-collector  for  Gonzales  county  in  1840.  I!> 
was  elected  captain  of  four  different  volunteer 
companies  during  the  war  with  Mexico  ;  raised  a 
company  of  rangers  in  1850,  of  which  he  was 
elected  captain,  and  engaged  in  several  skirmishes 
with  hostile  Indians.  He  was  mustered  out  of 
service,  Nov.  4,  1851,  and  returned  to  Texas, 
where  he  engaged  in  farming  and  stock-raising. 
He  was  a  representative  in  the  state  legislature, 
1853-55  ;  state  senator,  1855-59  ;  and  U.S.  mar 
shal  for  the  eastern  district  of  Texas,  1859-61. 
He  was  appointed  by  the  secession  convention  a 
colonel  with  authority  to  recruit  a  regiment  of 
volunteers,  with  which  he  captured  U.S.  stores 
at  Camp  Colorado  and  at  Fort  Chad  burn.  He  was 
commissioned  colonel  hy  President  Davis,  and 
raised  a  regiment  of  mounted  men  for  the  Con- 
fedei'ate  army.  He  assumed  command  of  the  de 
partment  of  Texas  ;  was  elected  colonel  of  the 
regiment  he  had  raised  and  was  subsequently 
appointed  brigadier-general.  After  the  war  he 
returned  to  Texas.  He  was  superintendent  of 
the  state  deaf  and  dumb  asj'lum,  1876-19,  and 
agent  of  the  state  land  board,  1885-87. 

McCULLOCH,  Hugh,  cabinet  officer,  was  born 
in  Kennebunk,  Maine,  Dec.  7,  1808;  son  of  Hugh 
and  Abial  (Perkins)  McCulloch  ;  grandson  of 
Adam  and  Louisa  (Brown)  McCulloch,  and  a  de 
scendant  of  Hugh  McCulloch,  baillie  of  Dornoch, 
Sutherlandshire,  Scotland.  His  father  was  one 
of  the  largest  ship 
owners  of  New  Eng 
land,  but  sustained 
severe  losses  during 
the  war  of  1, SI 2-1 5. 
Adam  McCulloch,  his 
grandfather,  emi 
grated  from  Scotland 
about  1766 and  settled 
in  Arundel,  now  Ken- 
nebunkport,  Maine. 
Hughattended  Thorn 
ton  academy,  Saco, 
Maine,  and  ma 
triculated  at  Bow- 
doin  college,  class 
of  1829,  but  was 

obliged  to  leave  on  account  of  illness.  He  was  a 
teacher,  1826-29;  studied  law  in  Kennebunk  and 
Boston,  and  in  1833  removed  to  Fort  Wayne, 
Ind..  where  he  practised  law.  He  was  cashier 
of  the  Fort  Wayne  branch  of  the  State  Bank  of 
Indiana,  1835-56.  When  the  institution  was  re 
organized  as  the  Bank  of  the  State  of  Indiana  in 
1856  he  was  elected  president,  serving  till  1863, 
when  Secretary  Salmon  P.  Chase  made  him 
comptroller  of  the  U.S.  treasury.  McCulloch 
stipulated  in  his  acceptance  that  as  soon  as  he 
had  given  the  newly-enacted  national  bank  law 


McCULLOCH 


McCULLOUGH 


a  start,  his  resignation  would  be  accepted.  The 
work  of  reorganization  was  particularly  difficult, 
as  the  large  eastern  banks  distrusted  the  system 
and  disliked  to  have  their  individuality  absorbed 
in  a  national  system.  This  objection  was  com 
promised  by  allowing  the  banks  to  retain  their 
former  names,  prefixing  or  adding  the  designa 
tion  "national."  In  less  than  three  years  the 
national  banking  system  was  in  full  operation 
without  disturbing  the  current  business  of  the 
country.  Upon  the  resignation  of  William  P. 
Fessenden,  Secretary  Chase's  successor,  in  March, 
1865,  Mr.  McCulloch  was  appointed  by  President 
Lincoln  secretary  of  the  treasury,  and  he  was 
retained  in  President  Johnson's  cabinet.  Secre 
tary  McCulloch  raised  the  amount  due  500.000 
discharged  soldiers  and  sailors  in  less  than  six 
months,  and  also  converted  $1,000,000,000  of  short- 
time  obligations  into  a  funded  debt  in  less  than 
two  years.  He  was  opposed  to  legal -tender  notes 
and  advocated  the  return  to  specie  payments 
and  a  steady  reduction  of  the  national  debt,  and 
his  views  were  sustained  by  congress.  lie  re 
signed  the  office,  March  4,  1869,  and  in  1870  he 
established  in  London  a  branch  of  the  banking- 
house  of  Jay  Cooke  &  Co.  Upon  the  outbreak  of 
the  great  panic  of  September,  1873,  the  Ameri 
can  firm  failed.  The  London  firm  was  carried 
through  the  panic  and  continued  business  for 
some  time.  He  was  a  member  of  a  syndicate 
organized  in  1877  for  the  purpose  of  funding  the 
debt  of  the  southern  states.  During  the  admin 
istration  of  President  Arthur  he  declined  a  posi 
tion  on  the  tariff  commission,  but  in  1884,  upon 
the  resignation  of  Walter  Q.  Gresham,  he  suc 
ceeded  him  as  secretary  of  the  treasury,  serving 
until  1885.  He  was  the  only  secretary  of  the 
treasury  to  hold  office  under  three  Presidents.  He 
supported  the  tariff  reform  policy  of  President 
Cleveland  in  1888.  He  spent  his  last  days  in 
Washington  and  at  his  country  seat  in  Mary 
land.  Bowdoin  college  conferred  upon  him  the 
honorary  degree  of  A.M.  in  186:5  and  that  of 
LL.D.  in  1889.  He  is  the  author  of  a  series  of 
letters  written  in  London  for  the  New  York 
Tribune  (1875),  and  ]\l<>n  and  Measures  of  Half  a 
Century  (1882).  His  widow,  Susan  McCulloch, 
daughter  of  Albon  and  Maria  (Platt)  Man,  was 
born  in  1818,  married  in  18:58,  and  died  at  Spar- 
kill,  N.Y.,  July  25,  1898,  at  the  residence  of  her 
daughter,  Mrs.  J.  B.  Yale.  Secretary  McCulloch 
died  at  his  country  home,  near  Washington, 
D.C.,  May  24,  181).-). 

HcCULLOCH,  Joseph  Flavius,  educator,  was 
born  in  Guilford  county,  N.C.,  June  24,  1856  ; 
son  of  Joseph  and  Sarah  (Julian)  McCulloch  and 
grandson  of  Thomas  and  Rebecca.  (I)obson)  Mc 
Culloch,  and  of  Robert  and  -  -  (Hrower) 
Julian.  Hi;  was  graduated  at  Adrian  college. 


Mich.,  A.B.,  1SS3.  Ph. B..  1884,  A.M.,  1889  ;  was 
instructor  in  Adrian  college,  1883-84 ;  Hopkins 
scholar  at  Johns  Hopkins  university,  1884-85; 
assistant  professor  of  mathematics,  Adrian  col 
lege,  1885-87  ;  instructor  in  mathematics,  Uni 
versity  of  Michigan,  18«7-88  ;  acting  professor  of 
psychology  and  logic,  Adrian  college.  1888-89 ; 
fellow  in  mathematics,  Clark  university,  Wor 
cester,  Mass.,  1889-90  ;  president  of  Adrian  col 
lege  and  professor  of  psychology,  logic  and  his 
tory  of  philosophy,  1890-93  ;  pastor  of  the  Meth 
odist  Protestant  church.  Fairmount,  W.  Va., 
1893-94,  and  in  1894  became  editor  and  publisher 
of  Out'  Churcli  Record,  Greensboro,  N.C.  He 
was  married  in  1883  to  Mary  Elizabeth  Barrow, 
of  Blissfield,  Mich.  He  is  the  author  of  "  Math 
ematical  Theorems  with  Demonstrations,''  in  An 
nals  of  Mathi'matk'N,  University  of  Virginia 
(1888). 

McCULLOCH,  Philip  Doddridge,  representa 
tive,  was  born  in  Murfreesboro,  Tenn.,  June  23, 
1851  ;  son  of  Dr.  Philip  Doddridge  and  Lucy  Vir 
ginia  (Burrus)  McCulloch  ;  grandson  of  Benja 
min  and  Sarah  Ann  (Lytle)  McCulloch  and  of 
Lafayette  and  Eliza  (Ready)  Burrus.  of  Ruther 
ford  county.  Tenn..  and  a  descendant  of  Alexan 
der  McCulloch.  who  emigrated  from  Scotland  to 
the  province  of  North  Carolina  sometime  before 
the  Revolutionary  war  and  settled  near  the  old 
town  of  Halifax.  He  was  councillor  of  the  prov 
ince  and  an  ardent  Whig  during  the  Revolution 
ary  war.  Philip  D.  McCulloch  removed  with 
his  parents  to  Trenton.  Tenn.,  in  1854,  and  at- 
teriJed  Andrew  college  at  that  place.  He  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  August,  1872,  and  engaged 
in  the  practice  of  his  profession.  He  removed  to 
Marianna,  Ark.,  in  February,  18'.4  ;  was  elected 
prosecuting  attorney  of  the  1st  judicial  district 
of  Arkansas  in  September,  1878,  and  was  re- 
elected  for  three  successive  terms.  He  was  a 
Democratic  presidential  elector  in  1888  and  was 
a  representative  from  Arkansas  in  the  53d-57th 
congresses,  1893-190:!. 

McCULLOUGH,  Hiram,  representative,  was 
born  in  Cecil  county,  Md.,  Sept.  26,  1813  ;  son  of 
Samuel  and  Mary  (Hall)  McCullough,  and  grand 
son  of  Samuel  and  Mary  McCullough,  who  camo 
from  Scotland  to  New  Castle.  Del.,  in  1710.  Ho 
attended  Elkton  academy,  and  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  1838.  He  served  in  the  state  sen 
ate,  1845-51 ,  and  was  one  of  the  codiliers  of  the 
laws  of  Maryland  during  the  winter  of  1852-53. 
He  was  a  Democratic  representative  from  the 
first  Maryland  district  in  the  39th  and  40th  con 
gresses,  1865-69.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  Dem 
ocratic  national  convention  that  met  in  New 
York.  July  4,  1868  ;  a  representative  in  the  Mary 
land  legislature  for  several  terms,  and  speaker  in 
1880.  He  died  at  Elkton,  Md.,  March  4,  1880. 


McCULLOUGH 


McCURDY 


McCULLOUQH,  John  Edward,  actor,  was 
born  in  Coleraine.  Ireland,  Nov.  14,  1832.  His 
parents  immigrated  to  the  United  States  after 
John  had  spent  his  boyhood  and  early  manhood 

on  a  small  farm  in 
Ireland,  with  no 
educational  advan 
tages.  On  locating  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.,  lie 
worked  as  a  chair- 
maker.  He  became 
interested  in  the 
stage  and  played 
with  an  amateur  com 
pany,  taking  Othello 
as  his  initiatory  part. 
He  obtained  an  en 
gagement  at  the 
Arch  Street  theatre  in 
1855.  taking  a  minor 
part  in  ''The  Belle's 

Strategem."  His  success  determined  his  profes 
sion,  and  he  played  in  different  cities  in  the 
United  States.  1. 855-06,  where  lie  attracted  the 
attention  of  Edwin  Forrest,  and  during  1866-68 
filled  second  parts  to  that  actor.  He  undertook 
the  management  of  the  Bush  Street  theatre,  San 
Francisco,  in  connection  with  Lawrence  Barrett 
in  1869,  and  was  fairly  successful.  Forrest  con 
sidered  him  as  his  legitimate  successor,  and  left 
most  of  his  manuscript  plays  in  his  possession, 
and  in  187:!  he  began  to  take  Forrest's  roles  in 
'•  Brutus."  "  Jack  Cade."  "  The  Gladiator,''  "  Vir- 
ginius,"  "  Damon  and  Pythias,"  and  Shaksperian 
plays.  He  was  not  a  great  actor,  lacking  education 
and  originality,  and  creating  no  new  characters, 
but  was  the  best  imitator  of  Forrest  on  the  Ameri 
can  stage.  In  1881  he  made  a  tour  of  England, 
where  he  was  not  successful.  In  1884  he  began 
to  decline,  and  the  end  came  in  a  performance  of 
'•  The  Gladiator,''  in  Chicago,  where  lie  collapsed 
and  was  placed  in  a  lunatic  asylum.  He  died  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa,,  Nov.  8.  18,85. 

McCULLOUGH,  John  Griffith,  capitalist,  was 
born  in  Newark,  Del.,  Sept.  16.  1835  :  son  of 
Alexander  and  Rebecca  (Griffith)  MeCullough 
and  grandson  of  John  Griffith.  He  was  grad 
uated  from  Dela,ware  college,  A.B.,  1855.  A.M., 
1858,  and  from  the  University  of  Pennsylvania, 
LL.B.,  1858.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1859, 
removed  to  California  the  same  year  and  prac 
tised  law  in  Sacramento,  and  soon  after  in  Mari- 
posa.  In  1861  he  supported  Gen.  E.  V.  Simmer  in 
preventing  the  secession  of  California.  He  was  a 
Republican  representative  in  the  state  assembly. 
1862  ;  state  senator,  1863,  and  attorney-general  of 
the  state,  1864-67.  He  practised  in  San  Fran 
cisco,  1867-73,  when  he  removed  to  Vermont  and 
settled  at  North  Bennington.  He  became  exten 


sively  interested  in  railroad  enterprises :  was 
vice-president  of  the  Panama  railroad  company, 
1874-82 ;  president,  1882-88 ;  was  elected  presi 
dent  of  the  Bennington  and  Rutland  railroad 
company  in  1882  ;  president  of  the  Chicago  and 
Erie  railroad  company  in  1890,  and  a  director  in 
the  Erie  and  the  Atchison,  Topeka  and  Santa  Fe 
railroad  companies.  He  was  also  president  of  the 
First  National  bank  of  North  Bennington  ;  a 
director  in  the  New  York  Security  and  Trust 
company  the  Bank  of  New  York,  the  National 
Life  Insurance  company  of  Vermont,  the  Fidel 
ity  and  Casualty  Insurance  company  of  New 
York,  and  other  industrial,  charitable  and  liter 
ary  corporations.  The  honorary  degree  of  LL.D. 
was  conferred  on  him  by  Middlebury  college, 
Vermont,  in  1900.  He  was  married,  Aug.  30, 
1871,  to  Eliza  Hall  Park,  granddaughter  of  Gov. 
Hiland  Hall,  and  their  son  Hall  Park  Mc- 
Cullough,  became  a  lawyer  in  New  York  city. 

McCUMBER,  Porter  James,  senator,  was  born 
in  Crete.  111.,  Feb.  3.  1858  ;  son  of  Orlin  and  Anna 
Elvira  (Fuller)  McCumber,  and  grandson  of  Ben 
jamin  and  Sally  McCumber,  and  of  Zaccheus  and 
Eliza  (Durham)  Fuller.  He  was  brought  up  on 
a  farm  ;  attended  the  district  schools  and  subse 
quently  the  city  schools,  and  was  graduated  from 
the  law  department  of  the  University  of  Michigan 
in  1880.  He  removed  to  Wahpeton,  Richland 
count}'.  Dakota  Territory,  in  1881,  and  commenced 
the  practice  of  his  profession.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  the  territorial  legislature  in  1885  and 
1887.  and  took  part  in  the  long  controversy  that 
led  to  the  formation  of  the  states  of  North  and 
South  Dakota.  Nov.  2,  1889.  He  was  attorney- 
general,  1887-88.  was  married  in  1889  to  Jennie 
Shorn  ing  and  was  elected  to  the  U.S.  senate, 
Jan.  26,  1899,  by  the  Republican  legislature,  for 
the  term  expiring  March  3.  1905. 

McCURDY,  Charles  Johnson,  jurist,  was  born 
in  Lyme.  Conn.,  Dec.  7,  1797.  He  was  graduated 
from  Yale  in  1817,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
at  New  London.  Conn.,  in  1819.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  the  Connecticut  legislature.  1827-29, 
1833-34,  1838,  1840-41  and  1844.  and  speaker  for 
three  sessions.  He  was  a  state  senator  in  1832, 
and  was  lieutenant-governor  of  Connecticut, 
1847-48.  He  was  appointed  U.S.  charge  d'affaires 
to  Austria  by  President  Fillmore  in  1850  and  was 
succeeded  by  F.  M.  Foote  in  1852.  He  resumed 
practice  in  New  London  in  that  year  ;  and  was 
judge  of  the  superior  court  of  Connecticut.  1856- 
63  ;  an  active  member  of  the  peace  conference  at 
AVashington.  in  February.  1861,  and  a  judge  of 
the  supreme  court.  1863-67.  He  was  the  author 
of  the  law  in  Connecticut  allowing  principals  in 
criminal  suits  to  testify  in  their  own  behalf.  He 
was  the  last  survivor  of  his  college  class  and  the 
oldest  living  Yale  graduate  in  1890,  He  received 


McCURDY 


McDANIEL 


the  degree  LL.D.  from  Yale  in  1868  and  was  a 
lecturer  there  on  life  insurance,  1873-75.  He 
died  in  Lyme,  Conn.,  June  8,  1891. 

McCURDY,  Charles  William,  educator,  was 
born  in  Ossian,  N.Y.,  Nov.  26.  1856  ;  son  of  David 
and  Lydia  (Lemen)  MeCurdy,  and  grandson  of 
James  D.  and  Jane  (McNair)  MeCurdy,  both  of 
Scotch  descent.  His  paternal  great  grandfather 
emigrated  from  county  Antrim,  Ireland,  in 
1758  and  settled  in  Pennsylvania.  Charles  was 
prepared  for  college  at  the  state  normal  school  at 
Geneseo,  N.Y.,  and  was  graduated  from  the 
Michigan  State  college,  B.S.  1881,  M.S.  1885.  He 
was  a  graduate  student  at  the  University  of 
Wisconsin  and  at  the  University  of  Wooster. 
He  was  assistant  superintendent  at  the  Michi 
gan  school  for  the  blind,  1882-83;  superintend 
ent  of  schools  at  Sand  Beach,  Mich.,  1884-88; 
head  of  the  science  department  at  the  Winona, 
Minn.,  high  school,  1888-93;  professor  of  chem 
istry  and  chief  chemist  of  the  experiment  station 
at  the  University  of  Idaho,  1893-1900;  acting 
president  of  the  university  and  director  of  ex 
periment  station  from  August  to  November, 
1898,  and  special  agent  on  the  sugar  beet  inves 
tigation  for  the  U.S.  government  in  Idaho,  1898 
and  1899.  He  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Amer 
ican  Chemical  society  in  1893  ;  of  the  American 
Association  for  the  Advancement  of  Science  in 
1886  and  fellow  of  the  latter  in  1895.  He  was 
married,  August  16,  1893,  to  Eva  Augusta  Wood 
ruff.  The  honorary  degree  of  Sc.D.  was  conferred 
011  him  by  Milton  college  in  1892  and  the  post 
graduate  degree  of  Ph.D.  in  chemistry  by  the 
University  of  Wooster  in  1895.  He  is  the  author 
of  numerous  reports,  bulletins  and  lectures  on 
chemical  and  pedagogical  subjects. 

McCURDY,  Irwin  Pounds,  clergyman  and 
educator,  was  born  near  Liver  more,  Pa.,  March 
23,  1856  ;  son  of  Alexander  Jackson  and  Sarah 
(Pounds)  MeCurdy  ;  grandson  of  Alexander  Hen 
derson  and  Mary  (Doty)  MeCurdy,  and  of  Joseph 
and  Mary  (Drummond)  Pound  ;  great-grandson 
of  Sergeant  Alexander  MeCurdy,  who  with  his 
father.  Captain  William,  and  his  grandfather, 
John  MeCurdy,  were  soldiers  from  Pennsylvania 
in  the  Revolutionary  war,  and  whose  great 
grandfather,  John  MeCurdy,  came  from  Ireland 
and  settled  near  Philadelphia  in  1705  ;  and  a 
descendant  of  Gov.  William  Bradford,  Ed 
ward  Doty  and  Henry  Sampson,  who  came 
to  America  in  the  Mayflower  in  1620.  Irwin 
Pounds  MeCurdy  studied  law,  was  graduated 
from  the  State  Normal  college,  Indiana.  Pa., 
B.E.,  187G.  M.E.,  1878  ;  attended  Wooster  uni 
versity  one  year,  entered  Lafayette  college  as  a 
senior  and  was  graduated  A.B.,  1880.  A.M.,  1883, 
Litt.D.,  1890.  He  was  a  student  at  Princeton 
Theological  seminary  and  a  graduate  student  at 


the  College  of  New  Jersey,  Princeton,  1880-82  ; 
and  was  also  a  graduate  student  at  Johns  Hop 
kins  university,  1882-83.  He  was  ordained  to 
the  Presbyterian  ministry.  July  8,  1881  ;  was 
pastor  at  Frederick  City,  Md.,  and  professor  of 
Greek  and  higher 
mathematics  at  Fred 
erick  Female  semi 
nary,  1881-84 :  pastor 
of  the  South-western 
church,  Philadelphia, 
1884-95;  and  in  1895 
was  made  honorary 
pastor  of  the  latter 
for  life.  He  became 
pastor  of  the  Fifth 
church,  Kansas  City, 
Mo.,  in  1897,  and 
resigned  in  1900, 
after  which  he 
engaged  in  literary 
work  at  his  coun 
try  seat,  Harmony  Grove,  Md.  He  was  editor 
of  the  Southwestern  Observer,  1885-87  :  of 
The  Amendment,  1889 ;  and  of  The  Weekly  He- 
minder,  1897-99  ;  a  delegate  to  the  Pan  Presby 
terian  council,  London,  1888  ;  financial  secretary 
of  Lafayette  college,  1891-92  ;  a  member  of  the 
Presbyterian  board  of  education,  1887-98  ;  and 
president  of  the  board  of  managers  of  the  Phila 
delphia  Evangelical  Alliance,  1889-94.  He  re 
ceived  the  degrees  D.D.  from  New  Windsor  col 
lege,  Md.,  1882;  Litt.D.  from  Hanover  college, 
Ind.,  1890:  Ph.D.  from  Bellevue  college.  Neb.. 

1890  ;    Sc.D.   from   the   College   of  Science,    Illi 
nois,     1890;    L.II.D.     from     Maryville     college, 
Tenn.,  1891  ;  H.L.D.  from  Lenox  college,  Iowa, 
1891;   Philol.D.    from   Grove    City   college,    Pa., 

1891  ;  and  LL.D.  from  Rutherford   college.  N.C., 
1898.     All  these  degrees,  except  D.D.  and  LL.D., 
were    conferred    on    examination.      He    is    the 
author    of:    A    Philological    Discussion    of    tJie 
Works,  Style  and  Language  of  Edgar  Allan  J'oe 
a  prize  essay  (1880);  The  Successful  Teacher  (1881); 
Sacra  Trinitas  (1881);  Charter  and  Constitutions 
(1886);    Evangelistic     Work    (1888);    Centennial 
Hymns  (1888);  Lovely  Lafayette  and  other  Poems 
(1889);  The.  Saxon   and  Norman  Elements  hi  our 
Language  and  Literature  (1890);   Tlie  Causes  of 
the  Intellectual  Development  of  the  Elizabethan 
Age    (1890);    Christmas    Carols   and    Aeir    Year 
Hymns  (1892);  Onr    Country's    Glory   and   other 
Patriot  Poems  ( 11)01 ). 

McDANIEL,  Henry  Dickerson,  governor  of 
Georgia,  was  born  in  Monroe.  Walton  county, 
Ga.,  Sept.  4,  1837:  son  of  Ira  O.  and  Rebecca 
(Walker)  Me  Daniel  :  grandson  of  Philip  and 
Nancy  Bible  (Terry)  McDaniel,  and  of  Daniel 
and  Martha  (Holliday)  Walker,  all  of  Georgia  ; 


ISSfi] 


McDEARMON 


McDILL 


and  a  descendant  of  Henry  McDaniel  of  Ainherst 
county,  Virginia,  and  of  Henry  Terry  and  John 
Baldwin,   both   of  Prince  Edward  county,   Va.  ; 
and  on  the  maternal  side  of  John  H.  Walker  and 
of  John  Holliday,  both  of  Georgia.     He  was  grad 
uated    from'    Mercer 
university,  A.B., 

Ib56,  A.M.,  1859,  was 
admitted  to  the  bar 
in  La  Grange  in 
1857,  and  practised 
in  Monroe,  1857-61. 
He  was  a  member 
of  the  secession  con 
vention  in  1861,  and 
voted  against  the  re 
solution  to  secede, 
but  voted  for  and 
signed  the  formal 
ordinance.  He  served 
in  the  Confederate 
army  throughout  the 
civil  war.  1861-65,  and  attained  the  rank  of 
major.  He  commanded  Anderson's  brigade  on 
the  third  day  at  Gettysburg,  and  participated  in 
the  retreat  through  Maryland.  When  in  command 
of  his  regiment,  the  llth  Georgia,  he  was  severely 
wounded  and  was  a  prisoner  of  war  for  about  five 
months  in  hospitals  in  Maryland  and  Pennsylva 
nia  and  afterward  at  Johnson's  Island.  He  re 
turned  to  Monroe  and  resumed  his  law  practice. 
He  was  married,  Dec.  20,  1865.  to  Hester,  daugh 
ter  of  Stephen  Felker  of  Georgia.  He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  constitutional  convention  of  1865  ;  a 
representative  in  the  state  legislature,  1872-74  ;  a 
state  senator,  1874-82,  and  was  elected  governor 
of  the  state  in  April,  1883.  to  fill  the  unexpired 
term  of  Alexander  H.  Stephens,  deceased.  He 
was  re-elected  in  October.  1874,  and  served  till 
Nov.  10,  1886.  He  was  elected  a  trustee  of  the 
University  of  Georgia  in  1885,  and  chairman  of 
the  board  of  trustees  in  1899.  He  also  served  as 
trustee  of  the  Southern  Baptist  Theological  semi 
nary,  1883-90.  He  was  elected  in  1878  a  director 
in  the  Georgia  Railroad  and  Banking  company 
and  also  became  a  director  in  three  cotton  mill 
companies  and  one  cotton  seed  oil  mill  company 
in  Walton  county,  Georgia. 

McDEARMON,  James  Calvin,  representative, 
was  born  at  New  Canton.  Va.,  June  13,  1844  ;  son 
of  James  Archibald  and  Elizabeth  (Hopkins)  Mil 
ler  McDearmon  ;  grandson  of  Joseph  and  Sarah 
(Gill)McDearmon  of  Powhatan,  Va.,  and  of  Wil 
liam  and  Massey  Hopkins  of  Goochland  county. 
He  removed  with  his  parents  to  Gibson  county, 
Tenn.,  in  1846,  and  was  a  student  at  Andrew  col 
lege,  Trenton,  Tenn.,  1858-61.  He  joined  the 
Confederate  army  as  a  private  in  the  12th  Ten 
nessee  infantry  regiment,  Cheatham's  division. 


Army  of  the  Tennessee,  in  April,  1862 :  was 
wounded  at  Murfreesboro  and  at  Franklin,  and 
surrendered  with  Johnston's  army,  April  26, 1865. 
He  was  married,  Dec.  4,  1867,  to  Theodora, 
daughter  of  M.  T.  McCulloch  of  Hay  ward  county, 
Tenn.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1867  and 
practised  in  Trenton,  Tenn.  He  was  a  Democratic 
representative  from  the  ninth  congressional  dis 
trict  of  Tennessee  in  the  53d  and  54th  congresses, 
1893-97. 

McDILL,  Alexander  Stuart,  representative, 
was  born  in  Crawford  county,  Pa.,  March  18, 1822. 
He  attended  Allegheny  college  ;  was  graduated 
from  tiie  Cleveland  Medical  college,  M.D.,  1848, 
and  practiced  medicine  in  Crawford  county, 
1848-56.  He  removed  to  Glover,  Wis.,  in  1856; 
was  a  Republican  representative  in  the  state 
legislature,  1862  ;  state  senator,  1863-64,  and  a 
presidential  elector  from  the  6th  district  in  1864. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  board  of  managers  of 
the  Wisconsin  hospital  for  the  insane,  1862-68,  and 
superintendent  of  the  hospital,  1868-72.  He  was 
a  representative  from  the  eighth  district  in  the 
43d  congress,  1873-75,  was  defeated  for  re-election 
in  1874  and  upon  the  expiration  of  his  term  of 
office  resumed  charge  of  the  state  hospital.  He 
died  at  Mendota,  Wis.,  Nov.  12,  1875. 

McDILL,  David*  educator,  was  born  near  Morn 
ing  Sun,  Preble  county,  Ohio.  Aug.  10,  1826  ;  son 
of  Hugh  and  Grizella  (Brown)  McDill  ;  grandson 
of  David  and  Isabella  (McQuiston)  McDill  and  of 
James  and  Elizabeth  (Beggs)  Brown,  and  great- 
grandson  of  Thomas  McDill  and  of  John  Beggs, 
both  of  whom  came  from  the  north  of  Ireland  to 
South  Carolina  before  the  Revolutionary  war. 
His  parents  removed  from  South  Carolina  to  Ohio, 
where  David  attended  Miami  university.  1845-48, 
was  graduated  at  Centre  college,  Ky.,  A.B.,  1849, 
A.M.,  1856,  and  studied  theology  at  Oxford, 
Ohio.  He  was  married,  Sept.  21,  1853,  to  Martha 
E.  Gordon  of  Xenia,  Ohio.  He  was  pastor  of  the 
United  Presbyterian  church,  Cherry  Fork,  Ohio, 
1853-76;  professor  of  philosophy,  Monmouth  col 
lege,  1876-85,  and  in  1885  was  made  professor  of 
apologetics  at  Xenia  Theological  seminary.  He 
received  the  honorary  degree  of  D.D.  from  Mon 
mouth  college,  Ohio,  1873,  and  that  of  LL.D.  from 
Centre  college,  1892.  He  is  the  author  of  :  The  Bi 
ble  a  Miracle  (1872):  The  Higher  Critics  (18»1); 
The  Mosaic  Authorship  of  the  Pentateuch  (1896): 
Premillennialism  Discussed  (1897) ;  Common  Sense 
and  Logic  Applied  to  Danrinism  and  Teleology 
(1899). 

McDILL,  James  Wilson,  senator,  was  born  in 
Monroe,  Ohio.  March  4.  1834,  son  of  the  Rev.  John 
McDill  (1806-1840;  Miami,  1829),  pastor  of  the 
United  Presbyterian  church.  South  Hanover,  Ind.. 
1835-38  :  and  a  descendant  of  Thomas  MacDill.  a 
Scotchman  who  came  to  America  from  the  north 
887] 


MCDONALD 


MAC-DONALD 


of  Ireland  and  settled  in  South  Carolina  before 
the  Revolution.  James  was  graduated  from 
Miami  university,  A.B.,  1853,  A.M.,  1856;  taught 
school,  1853-54  ;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  at  Akron, 
Ohio,  in  1856,  and  practised  in  Afton,  Iowa,  1857- 
58.  He  was  elected  county  judge  of  Union  coun- 
tv,  Iowa,  in  1858 ;  superintendent  of  county 
schools  in  1860  ;  was  secretary  of  the  U.S.  senate 
committee  on  the  District  of  Columbia,  1861-6-2; 
clerk  in  the  treasury  department.  1863-65  ;  circuit 
judge  of  Union  county,  1868-70  ;  district  judge, 
1870-73  ;  a  Republican  representative  in  the  43d 
and  44th  congresses,  1873-77  ;  commissioner  of  rail 
roads  in  Iowa,  1879-81,  and  in  1881  he  was  ap 
pointed  U.S.  senator  by  Governor  Gear  to  till 
the  vacancy  caused  by  the  resignation  of  Samuel 
J.  Kirkwood,  and  was  elected  by  the  succeed 
ing  legislature,  serving  to  March  3,  1883.  He  was 
state  commissioner  of  railroads,  1883-86,  and  a 
member  of  the  interstate  commerce  commission, 
1892-94.  He  died  in  Creston.  Iowa,  Feb.  28,  1894. 
McDONALD,  Charles  James,  governor  of 
Oeorgia.  was  born  in  Charleston,  S.C.,  July  9, 
1793.  He  removed  with  his  parents  to  Hancock 
county.  Ga.,  where  lie  attended  the  school  kept 
by  Dr.  N.  8.  S.  Beman  (q.v. ).  He  was  graduated 
from  South  Carolina 
college  in  1816 ; 
studied  law  under 
Noel  Crawford,  and 
began  the  practice 
of  law  in  Milledge- 
ville,Ga..  in  1817.  He 
was  solicitor-general 
of  the  Flint  circuit, 
1822-25  ;  judge  of  the 
circuit  court,  1825-30  ; 
a  representative  in 
the  state  legislature, 
1830-34  ;  state  sena 
tor,  1834-39,  and  gov 
ernor  of  Georgia  for 
two  terms,  1839-43. 
He  outlined  a  policy  that  lessened  the  financial 
distress  incident  to  the  panic  of  1837  ;  recom 
mended  a  resumption  of  the  state  and  county 
taxes;  vetoed  the  bill  reducing  the  taxes  one  per 
cent.,  and  when  the  legislature  was  about  to  ad 
journ  after  rejecting  a  bill  to  add  twenty-five  per 
cent,  to  the  tax  budget  and  leaving  $110,000  of 
expenses  unprovided  for,  he  closed  the  state 
treasury  to  all  warrants  except  those  for  appro 
priations  actually  made  and  he  held  his  ground 
until  the  tax  bill  was  passed.  lie  was  de 
feated  for  re-election  in  1850  by  Howell  Cobb  ; 
was  a  delegate  to  the  States'  Rights  convention  at 
Nashville  in  1850  and  was  judge  of  the  supreme 
court  of  Georgia,  1857-60.  He  died  in  Marietta, 
Ga,,  Dec.  16,  1800. 


McDONALD,  Daniel,  educator,  was  born  at 
Watertown,  Conn.,  June  28,  1785;  son  of  James 
and  Huldey  (Foot)  McDonald  ;  grandson  of 
Daniel  and  Sarah  (Bostwick)  McDonald  and 
great-grandson  of  Louis  McDonald,  who  was  born 
at  Inverness,  Scotland,  in  1708,  and  came  to 
America,  where  he  became  colonel  of  the  colonial 
militia  of  New  York.  Daniel  McDonald  attended 
the  academy  of  Cheshire1.  Conn.,  where  he  was  an 
assistant  teacher,  1808-13,  and  was  for  a  time  a 
student  at  Middlebury  college,  Yt.  He  took 
orders  in  the  Protestant  Episcopal  church  in  1810 
and  was  rector  of  St.  Peter's,  Auburn,  N.  Y., 
1813-17;  of  St.  Paul's,  Waterloo,  N.Y.,  1822-26; 
principal  of  the  academy  and  theological  school 
at  Fairfield,  N.Y.,  1817-21  ;  principal  of  Geneva 
academy  and  professor  of  Latin  and  Greek  lan 
guage  and  antiquities  at  Geneva  (afterward 
Hobart) college,  1821-30,  acting  president  1825-26, 
and  professor  in  the  General  Theological  semin 
ary  (Geneva  branch),  1823-25.  He  was  married, 
first,  Oct.  9,  1807,  to  Percy  Talmage  of  Cheshire, 
Conn.,  and  secondly,  Oct.  11.  1811,  to  her  sister 
Phebe  Talmage.  He  was  president  of  the 
Christian  Knowledge  society,  New  York.  Colum 
bia  conferred  upon  him  the  degree  S.T.D.  in 
1821.  He  died  in  Geneva.  N.Y..  March  25,  1830. 

McDONALD,  David,  jurist,  was  born  near 
Millersburg,  Ky.,  1803.  His  parents  removed  to 
near  'Washington,  Daviess  county,  Ind.,  in  1817, 
and  he  received  a  very  limited  education  at  the 
school  of  the  Rev.  Cyrus  Mclntire.  He  became 
a  "  New  Light  "preacher  in  1820.  was  married  in 
1828  to  Mary  R.  Miller  of  Lawrence  county,  111., 
and  in  1830  left  the  ministry  to  engage  in  the 
practise  of  the  law,  and  incidentally  in  teaching 
school.  He  was  a  representative  in  the  Indiana 
legislature,  1834;  prosecuting  attorney  for  the 
7th  judicial  district,  1834-38  ;  circuit  judge, 
1838-52  ;  professor  of  law  in  Indiana  university, 
1841-52:  and  was  the  defeated  Whig  candidate 
for  judge  of  the  supreme  court  in  1852,  although 
recovering  5000  more  votes  that  any  other  candi- 
clidate  on  the  ticket.  He  practised  law  in  In 
dianapolis,  1853-64;  became  a  member  of  the 
M.E.  church  in  1854;  and  declined  the  presidency 
of  Indiana  Asbury  university  and  the  honorary 
degree  of  LL.D.,  offered  by  the  Indiana  uni 
versity  in  1856,  on  the  ground  that  he  had  not  re 
ceived  a  collegiate  education.  He  was  judge  of 
the  U.S.  district  court  for  Indiana.  1864-69.  He 
was  the  author  of  :  J/r/JwmW.s  Treatise,  and  of 
opinions  in  "  Bissell's  Reports  of  the  U.S.  Courts 
for  the  Seventh  Circuit."  He  died  in  Indiana 
polis,  Ind..  Aug.  20.  1869. 

MacDONALD,  James  Hadison,  clergyman, 
was  born  in  Limerick,  Maine,  May  22,  1812  ;  son 
of  Maj.  John  MacDonald.  an  officer  of  the  war  of 
1812.  He  matriculated  at  Bowdoin  in  the  class 


M  AC-DOS  ALD 


MCDONNELL 


of  1832  and  was  graduated  from  Union  college, 
N.Y.,  18:5:3,  and  from  Yale  Theological  seminary 
in  1835.  He  was  pastor  of  Congregational 
churches  at  Berlin  and  New  London,  Conn.,  1835- 
40;  at  Jamaica,  N.Y.,  1841-50;  in  New  York 
city,  1850-53  and  at  Princeton,  N.  J.,  1853-76. 
The  honorary  degree  of  D.D.  was  conferred  on 
him  by  Union  in  1854.  He  lectured  on  houiiletics 
iu  Boston  university  in  1874.  He  is  the  author  of  : 
Credulity  as  Illustrated  by  Successful  Impostures 
in  Science,  Superstition  and  Fanaticism  (1843); 
A  Key  to  the  Book  of  Revelation  (1846);  History 
of  the  Presbyterian,  Church,  of  Jamaica,  Long 
Island  (1847);  J/.y  Father's  //tm.s-t?(1855);  Book  of 
Ecclesiastes  Explained  (1856):  Life  and  Writings 
of  St.  John,  published  posthumously  (1879).  lie 
died  in  Princeton,  N.J.,  April  19,  1876. 

MacDONALD,  John  Louis,  representative,  was 
born  in  Glasgow.  Scotland,  Feb.  22,  1838  ;  son  of 
Dr.  John  and  Margery  (McKinley)  Macdoiuuld. 
He  came  with  his  parents  to  the  United  States  in 
1847.  and  settled  in  Pittsburg,  Pa.  In  1855  he  re 
moved  with  his  parents  to  St.  Paul,  Minn.,  and 
thence  to  Belle  Plaine,  Scott  county,  Minn.  He 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1859;  was  judge  of 
the  probate  court  of  Scott  county.  1800-61,  and 
also  county  superintendent  of  schools  and  prose 
cuting  attorney  for  that  county.  He  was  mar 
ried,  June  22,  1861,  to  Mary,  daughter  of  P.  Hen- 
nessy  of  Belle  Plaine,  Minn,  lie  edited  the  Belle 
Plaine  En-qnirer,  1860-61  ;  and  removed  to  Shako- 
pee.  Minn.,  in  1861,  where  he  established  the  Argus 
and  edited  and  published  it  until  1862.  During 
the  civil  war  he  was  commissioned  to  enlist  and 
muster  in  volunteers  for  the  Federal  army.  He 
was  prosecuting  attorney  of  Scott  county,  1863  64  ; 
representative  in  the  state  legislature,  1869-70, 
and  a  state  senator  in  1871  and  1873-77.  He  was 
the  Democratic  candidate  for  attorney-general. 
1872  ;  and  judge  of  the  eighth  judicial  district  of 
Minnesota,  1876-86.  He  resigned  in  1886  and  re 
presented  the  third  Minnesota  district  in  the  50th 
congress,  1887-89.  He  practised  law  in  St.  Paul, 
Minn..  1889-97,  and  then  removed  to  Kansas  City, 
Mo.,  where  lie  continued  to  practice  law. 

McDONALD,  Joseph  Ewing,  senator,  was 
born  in  Butler  county.  Ohio,  Aug.  29,  1819.  His 
father  died  in  1820  and  he  received  his  early  train 
ing  from  his  mother,  who  removed  to  Indiana  in 
1826.  He  was  an  apprentice  to  a  saddler.  1831-37  ; 
a  student  in  Wabash  college,  Crawfordsville,  Ind., 
1838-39  ;  taught  school  and  attended  Asbury  uni 
versity,  1840-42,  and  studied  law,  1842-44.  He 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1843  and  practised  in 
Crawfordsville,  1843-59,  serving  as  prosecuting 
attorney  for  the  count}',  1844-47;  representative 
in  the  31st  congress.  1849-57,  and  attorney-gen 
eral,  1856-60.  He  removed  to  Indianapolis  in 
1859,  where  he  continued  the  practice  of  his  pro 


fession  ;  was  the  unsuccessful  candidate  for  gov 
ernor  of  the  state  against  Oliver  P.  Morton  in 
1864  ;  chairman  of  the  Democratic  state  conven 
tion,  1872-76,  and  U.S.  senator,  1875-81.  He  was 
a  member  of  the  select  committee  appointed  to 
visit  Louisiana  in  1877,  and  he  made  the  principal 
argument  before  the  electoral  commission  in  op 
position  to  the  count  of  the  electoral  vote  as  re 
turned.  He  was  a  member  of  the  committee  on 
the  judiciary  and  supported  hard  money  and  a 
protective  tariff.  At  the  close  of  his  senatorial 
term  he  resumed  the  practice  of  law  in  Indianap 
olis,  Ind.,  where  he  died,  June  21,  1891. 

McDONALD,  Moses,  representative,  was  born 
in  Limerick,  Maine,  April  8,  1814  ;  son  of  Maj. 
John  McDonald,  an  officer  of  the  war  of  1812. 
He  matriculated  at  Bowdoin  college  in  the  class 
of  1834,  but  did  not  graduate;  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1837,  and  practised  in  Biddeford,  Maine, 
1837-51  ;  at  Portland,  Maine,  1851-61,  and  at  Saco, 
Maine,  1861-69.  He  was  a  representative  in  the 
state  legislature,  1841-45;  was  speaker  in  1845; 
state  treasurer,  1847-49  ;  was  a  Democratic  rep 
resentative  in  the  32d  and  33d  congresses,  1851- 
55,  and  collector  of  customs  at  Portland,  1857-61. 
He  died  in  Saco,  Maine,  Oct.  18.  1869. 

MacDONALD,  William,  educator,  was  born  in 
Providence,  R.I.,  July  31,  1863  ;  son  of  William 
and  Frances  (Jordan)  MacDonald.  He  attended 
the  Newton,  Mass,  .high  school;  was  graduated 
from  the  New  England  Conservatory  of  Music, 
Boston,  Mass.,  1884,  and  was  dean  of  the  depart 
ment  of  music  at  the  University  of  Kansas,  1884- 
90.  He  was  married,  Nov.  24,  1887,  to  Harriet 
Bliss  Haskell,  of  Lawrence,  Kan.  He  was  grad 
uated  from  Harvard,  A.B.,  1892  ;  was  professor  of 
history  and  economics  at  Worcester,  Mass.,  Poly 
technic  Institute,  1892-93  ;  professor  of  history  and 
political  science  at  Bowdoin  college,  1893-1901,  and 
in  September,  1901,  became  professor  of  history  in. 
Brown  university.  He  was  elected  a  member 
of  the  American  Historical  association  ;  the  Maine 
Historical  society  ;  the  Kansas  Historical  society  ; 
the  National  Geographic  society,  and  president 
of  the  Pejepscot  Historical  society,  Brunswick, 
Maine.  He  is  the  author  of:  Select  Docrinients 
Illustrative  of  the  History  of  the  United  States, 
177V-1M1  (1898);  Select  Charters  and  other  Docu 
ments  Illustrative  of  American  History,  H',U(J-1775 
(1899);  edited  "Johnson's  High  School  History 
of  the  United  States"  (1901),  and  contributed 
numerous  articles  to  periodicals. 

McDONNELL,  Charles  Edward,  R.C.  bishop, 
was  born  in  New  York  city,  Feb.  1,  1854.  He 
studied  under  the  Christian  Brothers  and  the 
Jesuits,  and  was  graduated  at  the  College  of  St. 
Francis  Xavier  in  1872.  Having  been  accepted 
by  Cardinal  McCloskey  for  the  archdiocese  of 
New  York,  he  went  to  Rome  in  1872  and  was 


[220] 


McDONNOLD 


MACDONOUGH 


graduated  from  the  American  college,  D.D.,  in 
1878.  He  was  ordained  priest  by  Bishop  Chatard 
of  Indiana,  at  the  American  college  in  Rome, 
May  19,  1878  ;  was  assistant  at  St.  Mary's  church, 
New  York  city,  1878-79;  St.  Stephen's  in  1879, 
and  in  May,  1879,  he  was  appointed  by  Cardinal 
McCloskey  master  of  ceremonies  at  St.  Patrick's 
cathedral.  New  York  city.  He  was  appointed 
secretary  to  Cardinal  McCloskey  in  1884,  and  un 
der  Archbishop  Corrigan  he  filled  the  additional 
office  of  chancellor.  He  went  to  Rome  and  in 
June,  1890,  was  appointed  by  Pope  Leo  XIII.  one 
of  his  private  chamberlains  with  the  title  of  very 
reverend  monsignor.  He  was  appointed  spiritual 
director  of  the  Catholic  club,  New  York  city,  in 
October.  1890  :  was  elected  bishop  of  Brooklyn  in 
1892,  as  successor  to  Bishop  Loughlin,  deceased, 
and  was  consecrated  in  St.  Patrick's  cathedral, 
April  25,  1892.  by  Archbishop  Corrigan,  assisted 
by  Bishops  McQuaid  and  Chatard. 

McDONNOLD,  Benjamin  Wilburn,  educator, 
was  born  in  Overtoil  county.  Tenn.,  March  27, 
1827  ;  son  of  Thomas  K.  and  Martha  (Bates)  Mc- 
Donnold  and  grandson  of  John  McDonnold,  who 
came  from  county  Ulster,  Ireland,  in  1790,  and 
A 


settled  in  North  Carolina,  and  of  Henderson  and 
Sally  (Gentry)  Bates.  He  was  graduated  at 
Cumberland  college,  Princeton,  Ky.,  in  1849.  He 
was  an  instructor  in  Bethel  college,  Tenn.,  1849- 
51  ;  was  ordained  to  the  ministry,  and  served  as 
pastor  of  the  Cumberland  Presbyterian  church  at 
Philadelphia,  Pa.,  1851-52.  He  was  married,  July 
22,  1852,  to  Albina,  daughter  of  Thomas  (J-.  and 
Nancy  (Dyer)  Watkins.  He  engaged  in  teaching 
in  Bethel  coUege,  1854-59  ;  travelled  for  the  pur 
pose  of  increasing  the  endowment  fund  of  Cum 
berland  university,  1859-00,  and  was  pastor  of  the 
church  at  Lebanon,  1800-62.  He  served  as  chap 
lain  in  the  Confederate  army,  1862-65,  arid  was 
again  pastor  of  the  church  at  Lebanon,  1860-07. 
He  was  professor  of  mathematics  at  Cumberland 
university,  1805-67 ;  professor  of  belles-lettres 
and  mental  and  moral  science  there,  1867-7.'},  and 
president  of  the  university,  1866-73.  He  travelled 
as  an  evangelist  throughout  the  bounds  of  the 

[2! 


Cumberland  Presbyterian  church,  1873-75,  and 
preached  in  nearly  all  the  southern  states  and  in 
Pennsylvania,  Illinois,  Indiana,  Iowa,  Missouri 
and  California.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Amer 
ican  Bible  society,  and  received  the  honorary  de 
grees  of  D.D.  and  LL.D.  He  contributed  to  vari 
ous  periodicals,  and  is  the  author  of  the  History 
of  the  Cumberland  Presbyterian  Church  (1S88). 
He  died  in  Lebanon,  Tenn.,  Feb.  27,  1889. 

McDONOQH,  John,  philanthropist,  was  born 
in  Baltimore,  Md..  Dec.  29,  1779  ;  son  of  John  and 
Elizabeth  (Wilkins)  McDonogh.  His  father,  a 
native  of  York  county,  Pa.,  served  under  General 
Braddock  in  his  unfortunate  expedition  of  1775, 
and  under  Washington  in  the  Revolutionary  war, 
after  which  he  removed  to  Baltimore  and  engaged 
in  the  manufacture  of  bricks.  John  was1  cm- 
ployed  in  the  mercantile  house  of  William  Taylor, 
where  he  attained  a  high  position.  He  went  to 
New  Orleans  in  1800  as  Mr.  Taylor's  representa 
tive,  and  in  1801  formed  a  partnership  with  W. 
O.  Payne  which  continued  until  1802,  when  the 
financial  depression  of  the  year  caused  the  disso 
lution  of  the  partnership  and  the  forming  of  new 
ones  under  the  name  of  J.  McDonogh,  Jr..  and 
Sheppard,  Brown  &  Co.  In  1803  the  sale  of  Louis 
iana  brought  great  wealth  to  McDonogh,  and  he 
purchased  large  tracts  of  land  in  Florida  and 
Louisiana.  He  resided  in  New  Orleans,  1803-17, 
entertaining  lavishly,  but  in  1817  lie  suddenly  re 
moved  to  one  of  his  plantations,  now  McDonogh- 
ville,  where  he  lived  in  simple  style  and  devoted 
himself  to  the  education  of  his  slaves,  devising  a 
scheme  by  which  they  became  Liberian  colonists. 
His  bequests  included  $100.000  for  the  orphan 
asylum  of  New  Orleans.  $100,000  to  the  coloniza 
tion  society,  and  $1 ,500,000  to  be  divided  between 
Baltimore  and  New  Orleans  for  the  education  of 
poor  boys.  The  portion  that  fell  to  New  Orleans 
was  used  to  erect  free  schools,  and  in  189!)  thirty 
had  been  established  ;  and  Baltimore's  share  was 
used  to  establish  a-  farm-school  for  bovs  and 
youths.  McDonogh  institute  was  founded  at  Mc 
Donogh,  Md.,  in  1873.  A  monument  to  his  mem 
ory,  the  work  of  Attilio  Picirili  of  New  York, 
was  unveiled  in  Lafayette  square,  New  Orleans, 
in  1898,  the  gift  of  the  school  children  of  the  city. 
He  died  in  McDonoghvillc,  La.,  Oct.  20.  is.io. 

MACDONOUGH,  Thomas,  naval  officer,  was 
born  in  Neu- Castle,  Del.,  Dec.  23,  1783:  son  of 
Dr.  Thomas  Macdonough,  an  eminent  physician. 
He  entered  the  U.S.  navy  as  midshipman  in  1800 
and  was  attached  to  the  frigate  Philadelphia  in 
August,  1803,  when  she  captured  the  Moorish 
frigate  Mesh  odd.  off  Cape  de  Gatt.  He  was  left  at 
Gibraltar  with  the  prize,  thus  escaping  the  long 
imprisonment  suffered  by  the  officers  rnd  crew  of 
the  Philadelphia.  He  served  on  board  the  Enter 
prise  under  Commodore  Decatur,  and  in  the  attack 


MACDONOUGH 


MAC  DOUG  ALL 


on  Tripoli  in  1.S04 :  and  was  a  member  of  the 
party  that  re-captured  and  burned  the  Philadel 
phia,  Feb.  1C,  1804.  He  was  promoted  lieutenant 
in  1807  ;  master  commandant  in  1813,  and  was 
appointed  to  the  command  of  the  naval  forces  in 

Plattsburg  bay,  Lake 
Champlain.  On  Sun 
day,  Sept.  11,  1814, 
the  British  fleet, 
under  Commodore 
Thomas  Do\vnie, 

sailed  up  the  lake  and 
took  position  op 
posite  Commodore 
Macdonough's  fleet, 
which  at  once  opened 
lire.  Macdonough, 
with  his  own  hand, 
firing  the  first  heavy 
shot  from  his  flag 
ship,  the  Saratoga, 
across  the  bow  of  the 

British  flagship.  The  fire  was  not  returned  by 
Downie  until  the  Confidence  had  anchored  300 
yards  from  the  Saratoga,  when  the  broadside 
came  from  guns  double  shotted  and  aimed  directly 
at  the  portholes  of  the  Saratoga.  It  did  fearful 
damage  and  half  the  men  on  deck  fell.  This  led 
to  a  general  engagement,  and  a  shot  from  the 
Saratoga  killed  Commodore  Downie.  The  entire 
exposed  battery  of  the  Saratoga  was  disabled, 
and  the  British  brig  Linnet  gained  a  position  that 
enabled  her  to  rake  the  Saratoga.  Tin's  position 
obliged  Commodore  Macdonough  to  wind  his 
ship,  an  emergency  that  he  had  provided  for  by 
kedging,  and  to  the  astonishment  of  the  British 
fleet  the  Saratoga  swung  around  until  her  bow 
pointed  to  the  south,  which  brought  her  port 
broadside  into  play.  The  Confidence,  in  her  at 
tempt  to  execute  the  same  manoeuvre,  was 
caught  when  half  warped,  and  thus  exposed  to 
the  Saratoga's  fire  was  obliged  to  strike  her 
colors.  The  action  lasted  for  two  hours  and 
twenty  minutes  without  intermission,  the  oppos 
ing  forces  being  equally  matched  in  numbers  of 
men  and  weight  of  metal.  Commodore  Mac 
donough  served  his  favorite  gun  throughout  the 
engagement  and  was  injured  by  the  falling  of  a 
spar.  The  British  loss  was  200  officers  and  men 
and  the  American  112,  killed  and  wounded.  This 
victory  saved  New  York  from  invasion  and  once 
more  turned  the  fortunes  of  war  in  favor  of  the 
United  States.  For  his  services  in  this  engage 
ment  Macdonough  was  promoted  cnptainand  re 
ceived  a  gold  medal  from  congress  and  civic 
honors  from  various  towns  and  cities.  The  state 
of  Vermont  presented  him  with  an  estate  at 
Cumberland  Head  overlooking  th"  scene  of  the 
engagement.  He  was  subsequently  in  command 


of  the  Mediterranean  squadron,  and  he  died  on 
board  a  trading  ship  which  had  been  sent  by  the 
U.S.  government  to  bring  him  home.  His  wife, 
a  Miss  Slialer,  died  in  the  spring  of  1825.  The 
date  of  his  death  is  Nov.  16.  1825. 

MACDOUQALL,  Alexander,  soldier,  was  born 
on  the  island  of  Islay,  Scotland  ;  son  of  Richard 
Macdougall.  who  immigrated  to  New  York  in 
1755  and  engaged  in  dairy  farming  on  Manhattan 
island.  Alexander  worked  on  the  farm  for  a 
short  time,  went  to  sea,  and  was  engaged  in  the 
French  and  Indian  war  1756-63  as  commander  of 
the  privateers  Harrington  and  Tiger.  After  the 
war  he  settled  in  New  York  city  and  engaged  in 
mercantile  business.  In  1770  he  issued  an  ad 
dress  entitled  "  A  Son  of  Liberty  to  the  Betrayed 
Inhabitants  of  the  Colony,"  for  which  he  was  ar 
rested  as  "an  infamous  and  seditious  libeller" 
and  imprisoned  for  twenty-three  weeks,  the  first 
of  the  patriots  so  treated.  He  presided  at  a  meet 
ing  of  the  revolutionists  who  assembled  July  6, 
1774,  "in  the  fields"  adjoining  the  city  of  New 
York  preparatory  to  the  election  of  delegates  to 
the  first  Continental  congress,  and  it  was  here 
that  Alexander  Hamilton  made  his  first  public 
oration.  Macdougall  was  appointed  colonel  of 
the  1st  New  York  regiment,  June  30,  1776  ;  brig 
adier-general,  Aug.  9,  1776,  and  major-general. 
Oct.  20, 1777. 
He  com 
manded  in 
the  battles 
of  White 
Plains.  N.Y.,  &< 
in  177(J.  and 
at  Peekskill, 
N.Y.,  in 
1777,  when 
he  retreated  before  a  superior  force  of  Brit 
ish  under  General  Howe.  He  also  participated 
in  the  battles  of  "White  Marsh  and  German- 
town.  Pa.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  Continental 
congress,  1780-82  and  1784-85;  was  elected 
minister  of  marine,  but  resigned  from  congress 
in  1785  to  resume  his  duties  in  the  army.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  state  senate,  1782-86,  and 
first  president  of  the  State  Society  of  the  Cincin 
nati.  He  died  in  New  York  city,  June  8,  1786. 

MacDOUGALL,  Charles,  surgeon,  was  born 
in  Ross  county.  Ohio,  about  1807.  He  practised 
medicine  in  Indiana,  and  in  1832  was  appointed 
assistant  surgeon  and  served  with  the  mounted 
rangers  in  the  Black  Hawk  war  in  1833.  He  was 
promoted  major  and  surgeon.  July  7.  1838  :  served 
in  the  Florida  war  with  the  Seminole  Indians  in 
1841  ;  was  at  the  U.S.  Military  academy,  1846-48  ; 
and  served  on  frontier  duty  in  the  west,  1848-61. 
At  the  breaking  out  of  the  civil  war  he  was 
appointed  medical  director  of  the  Army  of  the 


COAICRESS     HALL. 

PKILAPELPHIA  ,  PA 

1774-1/83 


[231] 


MACDOUGALL 


MCDOWELL 


Tennessee  and  served  till  September,  1S62,  \vlieii 
lie  was  ordered  to  take  charge  of  the  medical 
directors'  office.  New  York  city.  He  was  bre- 
vetted  colonel.  Nov.  29. 18(54,  and  brigadier-general 
March  13,  1865,  for  faithful  and  meritorious  serv 
ices  during  the  war.  lie  was  promoted  lieuten 
ant-colonel  and  assistant  medical  purveyor.  July 
23,  18i>6,  and  was  retired  Feb.  22,  1869.  He  died 
in  Fail-field,  (.."lark  county,  Va.,  July  25.  1885. 

MacDOUQALL,  Clinton  Dugald,  representa 
tive,  was  born  in  Glasgow,  Scotland,  June  14. 
1839  ;  son  of  Dugald  and  Margaret  (MacKendrick) 
MacDougall ;  grandson  of  Dugald  MacDougall,  and 
a  descendant  of  MacDougall  of  Lome.  He  immi 
grated  with  his  parents  to  the  United  States  in 
1842.  He  was  graduated  from  Jordan  academy 
in  1853,  studied  law  and  engaged  in  the  banking 
business  in  Auburn,  N.Y.,  1856-70.  In  18(51  he 
raised  a  company  attached  to  the  75Mi  New  York 
volunteer  regiment,  was  commissioned  captain, 
and  accompanied  the  regiment  to  Florida.  He 
was  promoted  lieutenant-colonel  of  the  lllth 
New  York  volunteers  in  August,  1862,  and  colonel 
in  January,  1863.  He  commanded  his  regiment  in 
the  3d  brigade,  3d  division,  3d  army  corps  in  the 
Army  of  the  Potomac  at  Gettysburg.  July  1-3, 
1863,  and  finally  the  brigade  after  "Willard  and 
Sherrill  were  killed,  and  he  was  wounded  in  the 
battle.  At  Cold  Harbor  he  commanded  the  3d  bri 
gade,  1st  division,  Hancock's  corps,  and  in  the 
advance  on  Petersburg  and  Richmond  and  at 
Appomattox  he  commanded  the  3d  brigade.  Miles' 
1st  division,  Humphrey's  2d  corps.  He  was  bre- 
vetted  brigadier-general  of  volunteers  for  gallantly 
in  February,  1765.  He  was  wounded  four  times 
in  all  and  had  six  horses  shot  under  him.  He  was 
postmaster  of  Auburn,  N.Y.,  1869-73  :  and  was  a 
Republican  representative  in  the  43d  and  44th 
congresses,  1873-77.  In  June,  1876,  he  declined 
the  appointment  of  U.S.  treasurer,  as  he  also  did 
the  office  of  commissioner  of  internal  revenues 
and  commissioner  of  patents,  in  July,  1876.  He 
was  U.S.  marshal  for  the  northern  judicial  dis 
trict  of  New  York,  1877-85  ;  and  a  presidential 
elector  in  1888.  He  established  in  Auburn,  N.Y., 
a  large  concern  for  the  manufacture  of  agricul 
tural  implements,  and  became  its  president.  In 
January,  1901 ,  President  McKinley  appointed  him 
again  U.S.  marshal  for  the  northern  district  of 
New  York. 

McDOUQALL,  David,  naval  officer,  was  born 
in  Ross  county,  Ohio,  Sept.  27,  1809  ;  son  of  John 
McDougall,  state  representative,  1813-15.  He  was 
warranted  midshipman  in  the  U.S.  navy  in  1828  ; 
promoted  passed  midshipman  in  1834,  lieutenant 
in  1841,  commander  in  1857,  captain  in  1864, 
commodore  in  1869  and  rear-admiral  on  the  retired 
list  in  1873.  He  was  in  command  of  the  Wyoming, 
Asiatic  squadron,  1861-64,  and  while  stationed  at 


Shimonoseki,  Japan,  July  16,  18(>3,  he  engaged 
and  silenced  six  batteries  and  three  vessels  of 
war  belonging  to  the  Japanese  government. 
He  commanded 
the  Mare  Island 
navy  yard,  Cali 
fornia,  1865-66  ; 
the  steam-sloop 
Pnichatan,  1868- 
69 ;  the  south 
squadron  of  the 

Pacific     fleet      in  us-s-   WYOAMAKI. 

1870.    He  died  in  San  Francisco.  Cal.,  Aug.  7,  1882. 

McDOUQALL,  James  Alexander,  senator, 
was  born  in  Bethlehem,  N.Y.,  Nov.  19,  1817.  He 
attended  the  grammar  school  of  Albany,  studied 
law,  and  removed  to  Pike  county,  111.,  in  1837, 
where  he  was  admitted  to  practice.  He  was 
attorney-general  of  Illinois,  1M42-46;  engaged  in 
engineering,  and  originated  and  accompanied  an 
exploring  expedition  through  Newr  Mexico  and 
Arizona  to  California.  He  settled  in  San  Fran 
cisco,  where  he  practised  law,  was  attorney-gen 
eral  of  California,  1851-52  ;  a  representative  in  the 
state  legislature  for  several  terms,  a  Democratic 
representative  in  the  32d  congress,  1851-53,  and 
U.S.  senator,  1861-67,  where  lie  served  as  chair 
man  of  the  committee  on  the  Pacific  railroad. 
He  was  a  delegate  from  California  to  the  Demo 
cratic  national  convention  at  Chicago,  Ajiig.  29, 
1864.  At  the  close  of  his  senatorial  term  he  re 
tired  to  Albany,  N.Y.,  where  he  died  Sept.  3,  1867. 

McDOUQALL,  John,  governor  of  California, 
was  born  in  Ross  county,  Ohio,  in  1818;  son  of 
John  McDougall,  representative  in  the  state 
legislature,  1813-15,  who  removed  to  Indianapolis, 
Ind.,  about  1820.  He  attended  school  there, 
participated  in  the  Black  Hawk  war  in  1832  and 
was  superintendent  of  the  Indiana  State  prison 
in  1846.  He  rendered  distinguished  service  in  the 
war  with  Mexico,  1846-47.  He  removed  to  Cali 
fornia  in  1849,  was  a  member  of  the  state  con 
stitutional  convention,  was  lieutenant-governor 
of  the  state,  1849-51,  and  upon  the  resignation  of 
Governor  Burnett,  Jan.  9,  1851,  he  succeeded 
to  the  office  and  served  out  the  term.  During  his 
administration  the  famous  San  Francisco  vigi 
lance  committee  was  organized.  He  was  subse 
quently  elected  to  the  state  senate.  He  died  in 
San  Francisco,  Cal.,  March  30,  1866. 

McDOWELL,  Charles,  patriot,  was  burn  in 
Winchester,  Va. ,  in  1743  ;  son  of  Joseph  McDowell, 
who  emigrated  from  Ireland  in  1730  and  settled 
first  in  Pennsylvania,  then  in  Winchester.  Va., 
and  finally  at  Quaker  Meadows,  on  the  Catawba 
river,  N.C.  Charles  enlisted  in  the  Revolutionary 
army  in  1775,  and  commanded  a  large  district  of 
North  Carolina.  The  organized  troops  erected 
fortifications,  and  in  June,  1780,  he  attacked  the 
[282] 


MCDOWELL 


MCDOWELL 


British  force  on  the  Pacolet  river,  and  compelled 
them  to  surrender.  He  was  also  victorious  at 
Muscove  Mill  and  Cave  Creek.  His  army  was 
disbanded  in  September,  1780,  and  he  resigned  his 
commission,  but  continued  to  aid  the  patriots  by 
manufacturing  powder  with  the  help  of  his  wife, 
and  secretly  carrying  it  to  the  army  for  use  at 
the  battle  of  King's  Mountain,  Oct.  7,  1780,  where 
his  brother  Joseph  commanded  the  North  Carolina 
militia.  He  was  a  member  of  the  state  senate, 
1783-88,  and  of  the  house  of  commons.  1809-11. 
He  was  married  to  Grace  (Greenlee)  Bowman, 
widow  of  Captain  Bowman  of  the  patriot  army, 
who  was  killed  at  the  battle  of  Ramseur's  Mill. 
She  was  a  nurse  on  the  battlefield  after  the  battle 
of  King's  Mountain,  a  brave  defender  of  her  home, 
and  mother  of  a  large  family.  Charles  McDowell, 
died  in  Burke  county.  N.C..  March  21.  1815. 

MacDOWELL,  Edward  Alexander,  composer, 
was  born  in  New  York  city,  Dec.  18.  1861  :  son  of 
Thomas  F.  and  Frances  M.  (Knapp)  MacDowell 
and  grandson  of  Alexander  MacDowell.  and  of 
Darius  Knapp.  He  studied  the  piano  under  sev 
eral  masters  and  in 
1870  went  to  Paris, 
France,  where  he  con 
tinued  his  studies 
under  Marmontel.  He 
studied  composition 
under  Savard  in  Paris 
and  Joachim  Raff  in 
Germany.  He  re 
sided  in  Frankfort- 
on-the-Maift,  Ger 
many,  1879-81,  and 
devoted  himself  to 
composition  and 

teaching  the  piano 
in  Wiesbaden.  1884- 
88  ;  was  a  teacher  of 

the  piano  in  the  Darmstadt  conservatory,  1881-84, 
and  in  1888  returned  to  America,  settling  in  Bos 
ton  as  a  teacher  and  concert  pianist.  He  subse 
quently  made  several  visits  to  Germany.  He  was 
appointed  professor  of  music  in  Columbia  univer 
sity,  N.Y.,  in  1896.  He  appeared  frequently  as 
soloist  with  the  Boston  Symphony  orchestra  and 
other  well-known  musical  organizations.  He  was 
elected  to  the  presidency  of  the  Society  of  Ameri 
can  Musicians  and  Composers.  New  York,  in  1899, 
holding  it  one  year,  and  was  director  of  the  Men 
delssohn  Glee  club,  3896-98.  Princeton  univer 
sity  conferred  upon  him  the  honorary  degree 
of  Mus.  Doc.  in  1896.  His  compositions  include 
several  symphonic  poems  for  orchestra,  concertos 
for  piano  and  orchestra,  suites  for  orchestra 
including  Indian  Suite,  and  numerous  notable 
songs  and  piano  works,  among  the  latter  two 
suites  and  four  sonatas. 


McDOWELL,  Ephraim,  surgeon,  was  born  in 
Rockbridge  county,  Va.,  Nov.  11,  1771;  son  of 
Samuel  and  Mary  (McClung)  McDowell  and 
grandson  of  Ephraim  McDowell,  who,  with  his 
brothers  James  and  John,  emigrated  from  Ireland 
to  Pennsylvania.  Ephraim  and  John  settled  in 
Rockbridge  county.  Va.,  in  1737.  He  removed 
with  his  parents  to  Danville  in  1783;  attended  a 
classical  school  at  Georgetown,  Va.,  and  studied 
medicine  under  Dr.  Humphreys  of Staunton,  Va., 
and  at  the  University  of  Edinburgh,  1793-94. 
He  practised  medicine  and  surgery  in  Danville. 
Va.,  1785-1830.  He  was  married  in  1802  toSallie, 
daughter  of  Governor  Isaac  Shelby  of  Kentucky. 
He  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Medical  Society 
of  Philadelphia  in  1817.  The  honorary  degree  of 
M.D.  was  conferred  on  him  by  the  University  of 
Maryland  in  1825.  He  was  the  first  surgeon  suc 
cessfully  to  perform  the  operation  known  as 
ovariotomy,  and  a  description  of  his  first  cases  was 
published  in  the  Eclectic  Repertory  and  Allah/tie 
Review,  Philadelphia,  1817.  Hi;- successful  opera 
tions  appeared  incredible  at  the  time,  and  he  be 
came  known  among  the  profession  as  the  "  father 
of  ovariotomy."  He  was  one  of  the  founders  of 
Centre  college  at  Danville  and  an  original  trustee, 
1819-23.  In  1879  a  monument  to  his  memory  was 
erected  in  McDowell  Park  by  the  State  Medical 
society.  He  died  in  Danville,  Ky.,  June  20,  1830. 

McDOWELL,  Irvin,  soldier,  was  born  in  Frank 
lin  county,  Ohio,  Oct.  15,  1818  ;  son  of  Abram  and 
Eliza  (Lord)  McDowell.  The  McDowells,  shortly 
after  the  siege  of  Londonderry,  1689,  in  which 
they  took  part,  immigrated  to  America,  locating 
first  in  Pennsylvania 
and  then  in  the  val 
ley  of  Virginia,  and 
members  of  the  fam 
ily  removed  thence 
to  Kentucky  about 
1790,  where  Abram 
McDowell  enlisted  in 
the  war  of  1812,  his 
uncle  commanding  a 
regiment  of  Kentucky 
volunteers,  in  which 
he  served,  and  at  the 
close  of  the  war 
he  removed  to  New 
Columbus,  Ohio,  and 
settled  there.  Irvin 
attended  the  college 
was  graduated  from 


and 
aca- 


of  Troves,  France, 
the  U.S.  Military 
demy  in  1838.  He  served  on  frontier  duty  dur 
ing  the  Canadian  border  disturbances  in  1838  ; 
on  the  Maine  frontier,  1838-41;  was  assistant 
instructor  of  infantry  tactics  of  the  U.S.  Military 
academy  in  1841.  and  was  promoted  1st  lieutenant. 
Oct.  7,  1842.  He  served  in  the  war  with  Mexico 


[233] 


MCDOWELL 


MCDOWELL 


and  was  brevetted  captain  for  Buena  Vista,  Feb. 
23,  1847.     He    was  assistant  adjutant-general  to 
General  Wool's  division,  "  Army  of  Occupation," 
1847-48,  and  assistant  adjutant-general  in  the  war 
department  at  New  York  city,   Washington  and 
Texas,  1848-61.     He  was  married  in  1849  to  Helen 
Burden,  of  Troy,  N.Y.     He  was  brevetted  major  of 
staff  and   assistant-adjutant-general,    March  31, 
1856,   and   in    1861    lie   organized   and   mustered 
volunteers   into    service   at  Washington,    D.C., 
was  in  command  of  the  military  district  of  Wash 
ington,  was  promoted  brigadier-general,  U.S.A., 
May  14,  18(51,  and  commanded  the  department  of 
N.E.  Virginia,  and  the  defences  of  Washington, 
south    of    the    Potomac.      He    commanded    the 
Federal  army  at  the  first  battle  of  Bull  Run,  July 
21,   1861  ;  was  in  command  of  the  army  of  the 
Potomac  in  the  defence  of  Washington,  1861-62  ; 
was  transferred  to  the  command  of  the  1st  corps, 
Army  of  the  Potomac  in  1862,  and  was  promoted 
major-general  of  U.S.  volunteers,  March  14,  1862. 
He  commanded  the  army  of  the  Rappahannock, 
April  4  to  Aug.   12,  1862  ;    the  3d  corps,  Pope's 
Army  of  Virginia,  Aug.  12  to  Sept.  6,  1862,  taking 
part   in  the  battles  of  Cedar  Mountain,  Aug.  9, 
Rappahannock  Station,  Aug.    25,  and  Manassas, 
Aug.  29.  He  was  retired  from  active  duty,  Sept.  6, 
1862.     He  was  president  of  the  court  for  investi 
gating  alleged  cotton  frauds,  May  to  July,  1863, 
and  president  of  the  board   for  retiring  disabled 
officers  at  Wilmington,  Del.,  1863-64.     He  was  in 
command  of  the  Department  of  the  Pacific,  1864- 
65  ;  the  Department  of   California,   1865-68  ;  the 
Department  of  the  East,  1868-72,  and  of  the  Divi 
sion   of   the   South   in   1872.     He  was  promoted 
major-general,  U.S.A.,  Nov.  25,   1872.  having  re 
ceived  that  rank  by  brevet,  March   13,  1865,  for 
Cedar  Mountain,  Va.,  Aug.  9,  1862.     He  was  re 
tired  from  active  service,  Oct.  15,  1882,  and  resided 
in  San  Francisco,  Cal.,  where  he  died,  May  5.  1885. 
McDOWELL,    James,    governor    of   Virginia, 
was  born  in  Cherry  Grove,  Rockbridge  county, 
Va.,  Oct.  11,  1795  ;  son  of  James  and  Sarah  (Pres 
ton)  McDowell  and  grandson  of  John  McDowell, 
who,  with  his  brother  Ephraim,  emigrated  from 
Ireland   to  America  about   1730,    and    settled  in 
Pennsylvania  ;  removed   to   Rockbridge   county, 
Va.,  in  1737,  and  was  killed  by  the  Indians,  Dec. 
25, 1742.   He  attended  Yale  college.and  was  gradu 
ated  from  the  College  of  New  Jersey,  A.B..  1816, 
A.M.,    1819.     He   studied    law    under    Chapman 
Johnson,   at   Staunton,    Va.     He   was   elected   a 
representative    in  the  state  legislature  in    1831, 
Avhere   he   advocated    state    rights,  the   gradual 
abolition  of  slavery  and  legislative  appropriations 
for  internal  improvement  and  for  public  schools. 
He   was   governor   of   Virginia,    1843-45  ;  was  a 
Democratic  representative  in  the  29th,  30th  and 
31st  congresses,  1845-51,  and   his  speech  in  con 


gress  in  favor  of  the  admission  of  California  as  a 
free  state,  Sept.  3,  1850,  gained  him  recognition 
in  the  house  as   an   able   anti-slavery  advocate. 
He  received  the  honorary  degree  of  LL.D.  from 
the  College  of  New  Jersey  in  1846.     He  died  on 
his  plantation  near  Lexington,  Va.,  Aug.  24,  1851- 
McDOWELL,    John,    educator,    was   born   in 
Monaglian,    Pa.,    in    1751  ;  son    of   William    and 
Mary  (Maxwell)   McDowell.     He   was  graduated 
from   the  University    of    Pennsylvania  in  1771; 
was  a  tutor  there,  1769-82  ;  professor  of  mathe 
matics  at  St.    ^ '  <-*&&,  -T..-    •-/*•• 
John's     col 
lege,     Anna 
polis,      Md., 
in  1789,    and 
was    princi 
pal     of     the 
college,  1790 
-1806.       Mc 
Dowell  Hall, 
the  principal 
building    of 
St.       John's 
college,  was 
named  in  his 
honor.       lie 
was     profes 
sor    of    nat 
ural        phil 
osophy        at 
the    Univer 
sity  of  Pennsylvania,  1806-10,  and  provost  of  the 
university,  1807-10.  He  resigned  both  his  offices  in 
1810  on  account  of  ill  health.  The  honorary  degree 
of  LL.D.  was  conferred  on  him  by  the  University 
of  Pennsylvania  in  1807.    He  was  a  member  of  the 
American  Philosophical  society.  He  presented  to 
the  University  of    Pennsylvania    his    large   lib 
rary,  each  volume  containing  his  autograph.    He 
died  in  Franklin  county.  Va.,  Dec.  18,  1820. 

McDOWELL,  John,  clergyman,  was  born  in 
Bedminster,  N.J.,  Sept.  10,  1780.  He  was  grad 
uated  from  the  College  of  New  Jersey,  A.B., 
1801,  A.M.,  1804;  studied  theology  under  Dr. 
John  Woodhull,  at  Freehold,  N.J.;  was  installed 
pastor  of  the  Presbyterian  church,  at  Elizabeth- 
town,  N.J.,  Dec.  26,  1804,  and  during  his  pas 
torate  the  first  Sunday  school  in  the  town  was 
established  in  1814,  and  he  prepared  for  it  the 
first  Bible-class  question-book  used.  He  remained 
at  Elizabethtown  till  1833,  when  he  removed  to 
Philadelphia,  Pa.,  on  account  of  ill  health  and 
was  in  charge  of  the  New  Central  church,  1833- 
45.  He  established  the  Spring  Garden  church. 
Philadelphia,  and  was  installed  its  pastor,  Feb.  3, 
1846,  where  he  remained  until  his  death.  During 
his  ministry,  1317  persons  joined  the  churches 
over  which  he  was  pastor  on  confession  of  faith, 


[234] 


MCDOWELL 


MCDOWELL 


in  addition  to  the  large  number  by  letter.  He 
was  a  trustee  of  tlie  College  of  New  Jersey,  1814- 
(>:!,  and  a  founder  and  charter  director  of  Prince 
ton  Theological  seminary,  1812-68.  The  honorary 
degree  of  D.D.  was  conferred  on  him  by  Union 
college  in  1818.  He  was  moderator  of  the  general 
assembly  of  the  Presbyterian  church  in  1820,  and 
served  as  stated  clerk,  1836-40.  He  is  the  author 
of:  Bible  class  Questions  (1814);  Questions  on  the 
Bible  for  Use  in  Schools  (1819);  .4  System  of  Tlie- 
vloay  (1826);  and  Human-  Deprai'ity  and  its 
Remedy  (1830).  A  memoir  by  the  Rev.  William 
B.  Sprague  was  published  in  1864.  He  died  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.,  in  February,  1863. 

McDOWELL,  John  Anderson,  representative, 
was  born  in  Killbuck,  Holmes  county,  Ohio, 
Sept.  25,  1853  ;  son  of  James  Coleville  and  Sarah 
(Anderson)  McDowell  :  grandson  of  Matthew  and 
Nancy  (Hutchinson)  McDowell,  and  a  descend 
ant  of  John  McDowell  of  Washington  county, 
Pa.  He  removed  with  his  parents  to  Monroe 
township,  Ohio,  where  he  resided  on  a  farm  and 
attended  the  district  school.  The  familj'  subse 
quently  returned  to  Killbuck  and  he  was  em 
ployed  in  his  father's  store,  and  attended  the 
village  school,  the  Millersburg  high  school  and 
Lebanon  Normal  university.  He  was  married, 
Aug.  21,  1879,  to  Esther  E..  daughter  of  Lemuel 
Hole  of  Damascus,  Ohio.  He  was  graduated 
from  Mount  Union  college,  Alliance,  Ohio,  in 
1887.  He  was  principal  of  the  Millersburg  high 
school  for  two  years,  superintendent  of  Millers 
burg  schools  for  seventeen  years,  and  engaged  at 
different  times  as  instructor  in  teachers'  insti 
tutes  in  several  counties  of  Ohio  and  as  instructor 
in  the  summer  school  of  Wooster  university.  He 
was  a  Democratic  representative  from  the  seven 
teenth  Ohio  district  in  the  55th  and  56th  con 
gresses,  1897-1901. 

McDOWELL,  Joseph,  representative,  was 
born  in  Winchester,  Va.,  Feb.  25,  1756  ;  son  of 
Joseph  McDowell,  who  emigrated  from  Ireland 
about  1730.  To  distinguish  him  from  his  cousin 
Joseph,  son  of  John,  he  was  known  as  "  Quaker 
Meadow  Joe."  He  served  against  the  Indians  on 
the  frontier  and  in  the  patriot  army  under  his 
brother,  den.  Charles  McDowell.  In  the  battle  of 
King's  Mountain  he  commanded  the  militia  of 
North  Carolina,  having  the  rank  of  major,  and 
before  the  close  of  the  war  he  had  attained  the 
rank  of  general  of  militia.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  house  of  commons  of  North  Carolina,  1787- 
92,  was  a  delegate  to  the  state  constitutional  con 
vention  in  1788  and  was  the  leader  of  the  faction 
that  opposed  the  adoption  of  the  Federal  Consti 
tution.  He  was  a  representative  in  the  2d  and 
3d  congresses,  1791-94,  and  was  a  commissioner 
to  settle  the  North  Carolina  and  Tennessee  bound 
ary.  He  died  in  Burke  county,  N.C.,in  1801. 


McDOWELL,  Joseph  Jefferson,  representa 
tive,  was  born  in  Burke  county,  N.C.,  Nov.  13, 
1800  ;  son  of  Joseph  (q.  v.)  and  Margaret  (Mof- 
fett)  McDowell  of  Quaker  Meadow,  and  a  descend 
ant  of  Ephraim  McDowell,  who  left  Ireland,  May 
20,  1729,  arrived  in  America  in  August,  1829,  and 
settled,  with  other  hardy  pioneers  from  Ireland, 
in  Augusta  county,  Va.,  between  1730  and  1740, 
and  married  Margaret  Irvine.  Joseph  J.  was 
married  to  Sally  Allen,  daughter  of  the  Rev. 
John  and  Elizabeth  (Allen)  McCue.  He  engaged 
in  agriculture,  removed  to  Kentucky,  and  thence 
to  Highland  county,  Ohio,  and  was  a  representa 
tive  in  the  Ohio  legislature,  1832  ;  state  senator, 
1833-35;  was  made  brigadier-general  of  the  state 
militia  in  1834  ;  in  1835  was  admitted  to  the  bar, 
and  practised  in  Hillsboro.  He  was  a  Demo 
cratic  representative  from  the  seventh  Ohio  dis 
trict  in  the  28th  and  29th  congresses,  1843-47. 
He  died  in  Hillsboro,  Ohio,  Jan.  17,  1877. 

McDOWELL,  Katharine  Sherwood  (Bonner), 
author,  was  born  in  Holly  Springs,  Miss.,  Feb. 
26,  1849.  She  attended  seminaries  in  Mississippi 
and  Alabama.  In  1872  she  removed  to  Boston, 
Mass.,  and  became  private  secretary  to  Henry 
W.  Longfellow,  who  encouraged  her  in  her  liter 
ary  pursuits.  She  is  the  author  of  "  The  Radical 
Club,"  a  poem,  in  which  she  ridiculed  that  organ 
ization  and  which  is  said  to  have  eventually 
killed  it.  She  returned  to  Holly  Springs  in  1878, 
at  the  height  of  an  epidemic  of  yellow  fever,  to 
nurse  her  father  and  brother,  who  were  stricken. 
She  was  married  in  1870,  to  Edward  McDowell, 
of  Holly  Springs,  Miss.  Under  the  pen  name 
"  Sherwood  Bonner,''  she  wrote  Like  unto  Like 
(1881);  and  Dialect  Tales  (1884).  She  died  in 
Holly  Springs,  Miss.,  July  22,  1884. 

McDOWELL,  Samuel,  jurist,  was  born  in 
Pennsylvania,  Oct.  27,  1735  ;  son  of  Ephraim  and 
Margaret  (Irvine)  McDowell.  In  the  French  and 
Indian  war  he  was  a  member  of  Captain  Lewis's 
Virginia  militia,  and  took  part  in  the  skirmish 
which  led  to  Braddock's  defeat,  July  9,  1755, 
and  he  was  a  witness  of  Cornwallis's  surrender  at 
Yorktown,  Oct.  17,  1781.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  Virginia  house  of  burgesses  ;  commissioner 
in  1782  to  settle  the  Kentucky  claims  ;  removed 
to  Danville,  Ky.,  the  next  year,  where  he  organ 
ized  the  first  civil  court  in  the  territory,  holding 
the  court  in  a  log  house  in  Danville  ;  was  presi 
dent  of  the  first  state  constitutional  convention 
held  in  Danville,  April  19,  1792  ;  was  judge  of  the 
circuit  court  of  Kentucky,  1792-1812,  and  a 
representative  in  the  Kentucky  legislature.  He 
died  in  Danville,  Ky.,  Oct.  25,  1817. 

McDOWELL,  William  Fraser,  educationist, 
was  born  in  Millersburg,  Ohio.  Feb.  4,  1858  ;  son 
of  David  find  Rebecca  (Fraser)  McDowell  and 
grandson  of  Matthew  McDowell  and  of  William 


[2S5] 


McDUFFIE 


MACE 


Fraser.  lie  \vas  graduated  from  the  Ohio  Wes- 
leyan  university,  A.B.,  1879,  and  from  Boston 
University  School  of  Theology,  S.T.B.,  1882  ;  en 
tered  the  Nortli  Ohio  conference  of  the  Methodist 
Episcopal  church  in  18b2,  and  was  stationed  suc 
cessively  at  Lodi,  1882-83  ;  Oberlin,  1883-83,  and 
Tiffin,  1885-90.  He  was  chancellor  of  the  Uni 
versity  of  Denver,  Col.,  1890-99,  and  a  member  of 
the  Colorado  state  board  of  charities  and  correc 
tions,  189.1-99.  He  received  the  honorary  degrees 
Ph.D.  in  1893  and  S.T.D.  in  1894,  from  Ohio 
Wesieyan  university.  He  was  founder  and  first 
editor  of  Plti  Gamma  Delta  Quarterly;  was 
elected  corresponding  secretary  of  the  Board  of 
Education  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church  in 
May,  1899,  and  re-elected  to  the  same  office  by 
the  general  conference  of  the  Methodist  Episco 
pal  church  in  May.  1900. 

McDUFFIE,  George,  governor  of  South  Caro 
lina,  was  born  in  Columbia  county,  Ga. ,  Aug.  10, 
1790  ;  son  of  John  and  Jane  McDuffie,  natives  of 
Scotland,  who  came  to  Georgia  soon  after  the 
close  of  the  Revolution.  As  a  boy  he  obtained 

employment  in  a 
mercantile  house  in 
Augusta,  Ga.  Sub 
sequently,  through 
the  benefaction  of 
William  Calhoun.  he 
was  sent  to  the  Rev. 
Dr.  Moses  Waddell's 
school  in  Willing- 
ton,  S.C..  and  was 
graduated  from  South 
Carolina  college  with 
first  honors  in  1813. 
He  was  admitted  to 
the  bar,  in  May, 
1814,  and  practised 
first  in  Pendleton 

and  then  in  Edgefield,  S.C.  He  was  a  represent 
ative  in  the  Soutli  Carolina  legislature,  1818-21  ; 
and  was  a  representative  in  the  17th-23d  con 
gresses,  1821-34,  resigning  in  1834.  In  congress 
he  favored  nullification  ;  had  a  political  contro 
versy  with  William  Gumming  of  Georgia,  which 
residted  in  a  series  of  duels,  in  one  of  which  he 
was  badly  wounded  ;  opposed  congressional  ap 
propriations  for  internal  improvements,  and  as 
chairman  of  the  ways  and  means  committee  he 
advocated  the  policy  of  maintaining  the  U.S. 
bank  and  opposed  the  protective  tariff.  He  was 
married  in  1829  to  a  Miss  Singleton,  who  died 
soon  after,  leaving  one  daughter  who  afterward 
became  the  wife  of  Gen.  Wade  Hampton.  He 
was  attorney  for  the  prosecution  in  the  impeach 
ment  trial  of  Judge  James  H.  Peck  in  December, 
1830.  He  served  in  the  state  militia,  holding  the 
commission  of  major-general.  In  December, 


1834,  he  was  elected  governor  of  South  Carolina 
and  major-general  of  the  state  militia.  At  the 
close  of  his  administration  as  governor  in  1836 
he  retired  to  private  life.  He  was  appointed  by 
Governor  Hammond  to  fill  the  unexpired  term 
caused  by  the  resignation  of  William  C.  Preston 
in  1842  from  the  U.S.  senate,  and  in  1843  he  was 
elected  for  a  full  senatorial  term,  but  resigned  in 
1847  and  was  succeeded  by  A.  P.  Butler.  He 
was  the  author  of  the  address  to  the  people  of  the 
United  States  issued  by  the  South  Carolina  nulli 
fication  convention  of  1832  ;  Eulogy  on  Robert  V. 
Hayne  (1840),  and  notable  addresses  on  Ayr/cul 
ture.  He  died  at  Cherry  Hill,  Sumter  district, 
S.C..  March  11,  1851. 

MACE,  Daniel,  representative,  was  born  in 
Pickaway  county,  Ohio,  Sept.  5,  1811.  He  was 
brought  up  on  a  farm  ;  removed  to  Indiana  in 
1832,  studied  law  there,  and  settled  in  practice  in 
Lafayette.  He  was  a  representative  in  the  state 
legislature,  1836  ;  clerk  of  the  state  house  of  rep 
resentatives  in  1837,  and  U.S.  attorney  for  the 
district  of  Indiana  during  Polk's  administration, 
1849-53.  He  was  a  representative  from  Indiana 
in  the  33d,  33d  and  34th  congresses,  1851-57, 
serving  as  chairman  of  the  committee  on  post 
offices  and  post  roads.  He  was  originally  a 
Democrat  and  joined  the  Republican  party  in 
1854,  and  in  1861  was  appointed  postmaster  of 
Lafayette  by  President  Lincoln.  He  died  by  his 
own  hand  at  Lafayette,  Ind.,  July  26,  1867. 

MACE,  William  Harrison,  educator,  was  born 
in  Lexington,  Ind.,  Nov.  27,  1852  ;  son  of  Ira  and 
Nancy  (Johnson)  Mace;  grandson  of  Benjamin, 
Jr.,  and  Mary  (Ross)  Mace,  and  of  David  and 
Margaret  Johnson,  and  a  descendant  of  Ben 
jamin  Mace,  Sr.,  of  Tewksbnry,  Mass.  lie  at 
tended  the  graded  school  at  Lexington  :  taught 
school  1872-73,  and  was  graduated  from  the 
Indiana  State  Normal  school,  Terre  Haute,  in 
1876.  He  was  principal  of  the  Ward  school  at 
Logansport,  Ind.,  1876-77  ;  superintendent  of 
public  schools  at  Winamac,  Ind.,  1877-79.  and 
was  graduated  M.A.  from  the  University  of 
Michigan  in  1883.  He  was  married  in  1878  to  Ida, 
daughter  of  John  and  Rosa  (Jenkins)  Dodson. 
He  was  superintendent  of  public  schools  at  Mc 
Gregor,  Iowa,  1883-S5;  professor  of  history  at 
De  Pamv  University  normal  school,  Greencastle, 
Ind.,  1885-90  :  a  graduate  student  in  history  and 
philosophy  at  Indiana  university,  188S-S9,  at 
Cornell  university,  1890-91,  and  at  Jena  and  Ber 
lin  universities,  1896-97,  receiving  the  degree  of 
Ph.D.  from  Jena,  1897.  He  was  elected  professor  of 
history  and  political  science  at  Syracuse  univer 
sity  in  1891.  He  opened  the  first  university  ex 
tension  centre  under  the  auspices  of  the  regents 
of  the  University  of  the  State  of  New  York  at 
Watertown,  N.Y.,  Jan.  15,  1891,  and  conducted 
886] 


McELLIGOTT 


MCELROY 


other  extension  centres  at  Poughkeepsie,  Albion, 
Rocliester,  Skaneateles.  Biiiglmmton,  and  Lock- 
port,  N.Y.  In  1898  he  conducted  three  centres 
under  the  auspices  of  the  University  of  Chicago 
and  four  in  1899  for  the  American  Society  of 
Philadelphia.  He  was  elected  a  member  of  t  In- 
American  Historical  association  and  of  the 
American  Academy  of  Political  and  Social 
Science.  He  delivered  courses  of  lectures  on 
methods  of  teaching  history  before  the  teachers' 
institutes  in  Iowa,  Indiana  and  Pennsylvania,  and 
wrote  numerous  articles  on  the  subject,  for  educa 
tional  journals.  He  also  lectured  on  "TheCom- 
parison  of  the  American  and  British  Constitu 
tions,"  at  the  summer  meeting  of  Cambridge  uni 
versity,  England,  in  August.  1898,  and  gave 
courses  upon  American  history  in  the  great  hall 
of  Cooper  union,  New  York.  He  is  the  author 
of  :  A  \VorkiiHj  Manual  of  America))  History 
(IS!).-,);  Method  in,  History  (1897):  DCS  alteren 
Pitt  Bezielntngen  zur  amerikanischen  Revolution 
(thesis  for  Ph.D.).  and  The  Cent  ml  Defects  of 
the  Xornad  School  (1901). 

McELLIGOTT,  James  Napoleon,  educator, 
was  born  in  Richmond,  Va..  Oct.  18.  1812.  His 
ancestors  came  from  the  north  of  Ireland  and 
settled  in  Virginia.  He  matriculated  at  the 
University  of  the  City  of  New  York,  but  left 
before  completing  his  course  to  study  theology, 
and  was  a  candidate  for  orders  in  the  Protestant 
Episcopal  church  in  1887,  but  was  not  admitted. 
He  was  successively  instructor,  assistant  prin 
cipal  and  principa-  of  the  Society  of  Mechanics 
and  Tradesmen  of  New  York,  1887-49.  He 
opened  a  private  classical  school  in  New  York 
city  in  1849,  which  he  managed  until  his  death. 
He  was  a  zealous  laborer  among  the  poor  and 
unfortunate,  and  an  active  worker  in  the  Epiph 
any  Protestant  Episcopal  mission  church  and 
raised  a  fund  for  its  support.  He  served  as 
president  of  the  State  Teachers'  association. 
He  received  the  honorary  degree  of  A.M.  from 
Yale  in  1849.  and  that  of  LL.D.  from  Harrods- 
burg  Female  college.  Kentucky,  in  1852.  He 
edited  The  TeacJiers'  Advocate,  in  18-18,  and  is 
the  author  of  :  Manual.  Analytical,  mid  SyntJiet- 
ical,  of  Orthography  and  Definition  ( 1845)  :  The 
Young  Analyzer  (184:9)  ;  The  Humorous  Speaker 
(1858)  ;  The  American  Debater  (185")).  besides 
series  of  Latin.  Greek  and  Hebrew  text  books. 
He  died  in  New  York  city,  Oct.  22.  I860. 

McELRATH,  Thomas,  publisher,  was  born  at 
Williamsport.  Pa.,  May  1,  1807.  He  served  an 
apprenticeship  as  printer  at  Harrisburg  and 
Philadelphia,  studied  law  at  Williamsport  and 
then  removed  to  New  York  city  where  he  became 
a  proof-reader  and  subsequently  head  salesman 
in  the  Methodist  Book  Concern.  He  engaged  in 
publishing  school  and  religious  books  with  Lem 


uel  Bangs  in  1825.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  1828  and  practised  in  New  York  city  in  part 
nership  with  William  Bloomfield  and  Charles  P. 
Daly.  He  was  elected  a  Whig  member  of  the 
state  assembly  in  1838,  and  was  appointed  a 
master  in  chancery  for  the  city  of  New  York  by 
Governor  Seward  in  1840.  He  was  appointed 
state  director  of  the  Bank  of  America  by  Governor 
Seward  in  1841  and  formed  a  partnership  with 
Horace  Greeley  the  same  year  under  the  firm 
name  of  Greeley  &  McElrath,  and  as  business 
manager  of  the  Tribune  placed  the  unprofitable 
venture  on  a  secure  foundation.  He  was  alder 
man  of  the  city  of  New  York,  1845-46,  and  re 
signed  his  business  connection  with  the  Tribx)ie 
in  1S57,  on  being  elected  corresponding  secretary 
of  the  American  institute,  whose  state  annual 
reports  he  edited  until  1861,  when  he  was 
appointed  appraiser-general  for  the  New  York 
district  by  President  Lincoln.  He  resigned  from 
this  ottice  in  18(54,  returned  to  the  Tribune  as 
business  manager,  and  in  1866  was  appointed 
chief  appraiser  of  foreign  merchandise  at  the  port 
of  New  York.  He  was  U.S.  commissioner  to  the 
Paris  exposition  in  1867  ;  U.S.  commissioner  to 
the  Vienna  exhibition  in  1878,  where,  with  John 
Jay,  he  was  a  special  commissioner  to  adjust  and 
superintend  the  American  department,  and  was 
secretary  and  general  executive  officer  of  the 
New  York  state  commission  at  the  Centennial 
exhibition,  Philadelphia,  in  1876.  He  acted  as 
legal  adviser  to  the  Park  national  bank  in  New 
York  city  up  to  the  time  of  his  death.  He  was 
married  to  Elizabeth  Price  of  New  York  city. 
He  is  the  author  of  Dictionary  of  Words  and 
Pit  rases  Used  in  Commerce  (1872).  He  died  in 
New  York  city,  June  6,  1888. 

McELROY,  George  Beamish,  educator,  was 
born  in  Pittsburg.  Pa.,  June  5,  1824  ;  son  of 
Samuel  and  Anne  (Beamish)  McElroy,  who  came 
from  Ireland  in  1821  and  settled  in  Pittsburg, 
Pa.,  and  were  among  the  founders  of  the  First 
Methodist  Protestant  church  in  that  citv.  In 


.-  „  mymB®- 

-,-.   *   «,  <iaLt  ^rf«»^M.;IF 


• ...  ~  ;•»•>- ig:'-3* 

ADRIAN       COLLEO  £    ,MICH1«S  A  A'. 

1840  he  began  to  study  for  the  ministry  under  the 
Rev.  George  Brown.  He  was  licensed  to  preach, 
June  5,  1842,  and  was  ordained  deacon  and  elder 
in  1845.  He  was  married,  July  22.  1851,  to  Mary 
Good  of  Johnstown,  Pa.,  where  he  was  then  sta 
tioned.  In  1852  he  was  elected  instructor  in  the 


[887] 


MCELROY 


McENERY 


preparatory  department,  Madison  college,  Union- 
to\vn,  Pa.,  where  he  pursued  a  full  classical 
course  and  was  graduated  A.B.  and  A.M.  in  1858. 
In  1853  he  was  elected  to  the  chair  of  natural 
science  and  mathematics,  resigning  the  next 
year,  but  resuming  the  chair  under  the  presidency 
of  the  Rev.  George  Brown.  He  was  principal  of 
the  North  Illinois  institute,  Henry,  111.,  1857-62  ; 
county  superintendent  and  principal  of  city 
schools,  Henry.  111.,  1862-64  ;  principal  of  Alle 
gheny  seminary,  Sharpsburg,  Pa.,  1864-66  ;  pro 
fessor  of  mathematics  and  astronomy  at  Adrian 
college,  Mich.,  1866-98  ;  vice-president  of  the 
college,  1867-71  ;  president,  1873-79  :  Amos  pro 
fessor  of  systematic  theology,  1877-98  ;  president 
pro  tempore,  1879-81,  and  dean  of  the  school  of 
theology.  1883-98.  He  was  elected  secretary  of 
the  board  of  trustees  of  Adrian  college  in  1867 
and  a  trustee  in  1870,  and  was  made  professor 
emeritus  of  mathematics  in  1898.  He  attended 
the  ecumenical  conference  of  Methodism,  Lon 
don,  England,  in  1881. 

McELROY,  John,  educator,  was  born  in 
Brookeborough,  Ireland,  May  11,  1782.  He  re 
ceived  a  limited  education  in  his  own  country, 
and  before  he  reached  manhood  he  came  to  the 
United  States  and  was  a  merchant's  clerk  in 
Georgetown,  D.C.  He  became  bookkeeper  at 
Georgetown  college  :  gained  a  good  knowledge  of 
Latin  with  the  assistance  of  a  student ;  entered 
the  Society  of  Jesus  as  a  lay  brother  in  1806,  and 
on  May  81,  1817,  was  ordained  priest  by  Arch 
bishop  Neale.  He  commenced  his  labors  in  Trin 
ity  church,  Georgetown,  D.C.,  and  in  1822  went 
to  Frederick,  Md.,  where  he  built  St.  John's 
church,  the  corner-stone  being  laid  March  19, 
1833,  and  it  was  consecrated  by  Archbishop  Ec- 
cleston,  April  2,  1837.  He  also  built  St.  John's 
Literary  Institution,  an  academy,  an  orphan 
ar.ylum,  and  the  first  free  public  school  in  Fred 
erick.  Md.  He  was  returned  to  Trinity  church, 
Georgetown,  D.C.,  in  1845,  and  in  1846  was 
chosen,  with  Father  Anthony  Rey,  chaplain  to 
the  Irish  soldiers  in  General  Taylor's  army  in  the 
Mexican  war.  He  took  charge  of  pastoral  work 
at  St.  Mary's,  Boston,  Mass.,  in  1848  :  with  three 
sisters  from  Cincinnati  founded  Notre  Dame 
convent  and  academy  in  1849  ;  acted  as  theologi 
cal  adviser  to  Bishop  O'Reilly,  of  Hartford, 
Conn.,  at  the  first  plenary  council  at  Baltimore, 
Md..  m  1852  ;  in  1854  helped  in  founding  St.  Pat 
rick's  academy  for  girls  at  Lowell.  Mass.,  and  in 
1858  founded  Boston  college,  which  was  opened 
in  1860.  He  also  built  the  Church  of  the  Immac 
ulate  Conception,  serving  as  rector  and  as  presi 
dent  of  Boston  college,  1861-62.  He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Society  of  Jesus  for  seventy-one  3' ears. 
He  became  blind  in  1872.  and  retired  to  Fred 
erick.  Md.,  where  lie  died  Sept.  12,  1877. 


McELROY,  John  George  Repplier,  educator, 
was  born  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  July  30,  1842  ;  son 
of  Archibald  and  Sophia  Maria  (Repplier)  Mc- 
Elroy.  He  was  graduated  from  the  University 
of  Pennsylvania,  A.B.,  1862,  A.M.,  1865;  was  a 
teacher  at  Rittenhouse  academy,  Philadelphia, 
1862-66,  and  at  Chicago  high  school.  111.,  1866- 
67.  He  was  assistant  {trofessor  of  rhetoric  and 
history  at  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1867- 
69  ;  adjunct  professor  of  Greek  and  history,  1869- 
76,  and  professor  of  rhetoric  and  English  lan 
guage,  1876-90.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Modern 
Language  association  of  America.  He  was  mar 
ried  to  Anna  Baldwin,  daughter  of  John  and  Anna 
Clayton,  of  Cape  May,  N.J.  He  is  the  author  of  : 
A  System  of  Punctuation,  The  Structure  of  Eng 
lish  Prose,  Essential  I  Arsons  in  English  Etymol 
ogy,  and  many  contributions  to  periodicals.  He 
died  in  Philadelphia.  Pa..  Nov.  26,  1890. 

McENERY,  John,  governor  of  Louisiana,  was 
born  in  Petersburg,  Va.,  March  31,  1833  ;  son  of 
Henry  O'Neil  and  Caroline  (Douglas)  McEnery  ; 
grandson  of  Mathew  McEnery,  who  resided  in 
Baltimore,  Md.,  and  a  descendant  of  John  Mc 
Enery,  of  Ireland,  to  whom 
James  II.  of  England  made 
large  grants  of  lands.  Henry 
O'Neil  McEnery  was  a  tobac 
co  manufacturer,  who  re 
moved  his  family  to  Louisiana 
in  1835  and  was  appointed  by 
President  Tyler  register  of 
land  office  at  Monroe.  John  McEnery  was  a  student 
at  Hanover  college,  Ind.,  in  the  class  of  1847,  but 
did  not  graduate.  He  assisted  his  father  in  the 
land  office,  studied  law,  and  practised  at  Monroe, 
La.,  1854-57.  He  was  register  of  the  land  office  at 
Monroe  by  appointment  of  President  Buchanan, 
1857-61,  and  in  1861  organized  the  Ouachita 
Blues,  and  his  command  became  part  of  the  4th 
Louisiana  battalion,  of  which  he  was  appointed 
lieutenant-colonel.  He  served  in  western  Vir 
ginia  in  the  campaign  under  Gen.  Robert  E.  Lee, 
1861  ;  on  the  coast  of  North  and  South  Carolina 
and  Georgia,  1862-63,  and  with  the  Army  of  the 
Tennessee,  1863-65.  He  commanded  the  advance 
posts  on  Skidway  Islzind,  Ga.,  and  participated 
in  the  battle  of  James  Island,  S.C.,  June  16,  1862, 
driving  the  Federals  from  the  fort.  He  served 
under  Gen.  Joseph  E.  Johnston  at  Vicksburg 
and  in  the  battle  of  Chickamauga,  Sept.  19-20, 
1863,  where  he  was  severely  wounded,  and  also 
at  the  battle  of  Resaca,  May  13-15,  1864,  where 
he  was  again  wounded  and  disabled  for  moie 
than  a  year.  He  returned  to  Monroe,  La.,  re 
sumed  the  practice  of  law,  and  engaged  in  culti 
vating  cotton.  He  was  elected  judge  of  the  dis 
trict  court,  composed  of  the  parishes  of  Ouachita, 
Franklin,  Caldwell  and  others,  in  1863,  but  was 


[338] 


McENERY 


McEWAN 


not  permitted  to  fill  the  position  owing  to  the      rebuilt  the  levees,  re-established  in  a  great  meas- 


appointment  of  a  military  commander  for  that 
department.  He  was  a  representative  in  the 
Louisiana  legislature,  180.1-07.  and  was  chairman 
of  the  committee  on  public  improvements.  He 
was  a  delegate  to  the  Democratic  national  con 
vention  at  New  York,  July  4.  1808,  and  was 
elected  governor  of  Louisiana  in  1872.  but  was 
unseated  by  order  of  the  President,  his  Republi 
can  opponent,  William  Pitt  Kellogg,  being  seated. 
For  four  years  Governor  McEnery  endeavored  to 
gain  possession  of  the  government,  and  the  po 
litical  controversy  brought  about  an  armed  col 
lision  in  the  streets  of  New  Orleans,  Sept.  14, 
1874.  but  the  Kellogg  government,  owing  to  fed 
eral  support,  continued  to  hold  the  state  offices. 
He  was  recorder  of  mortgages  for  New  Orleans, 
1877-S1  ;  a  dciegate-at-large  from  Louisiana  to 
the  Democratic  national  convention  at  Cincin 
nati.  June  22,  1880.  and  was  also  appointed  in 
1880  agent  to  locate  and  survey  the  swamp  lands 
claimed  by  the  state,  his  compensation  being 
fixed  at  one-half  the  swamp  lands  recovered. 
He  practised  law  at  New  Orleans,  La.,  and  at 
Washington,  D.C.,  until  his  death.  He  died  at 
New  Orleans.  La.,  March  28,  1891. 

McENERY,    Samuel    Douglas,    senator,    was 
born  in  Monroe,  La.,  May  28,  1837  :  son  of  Henry 
O'Neil  and  Caroline   (Douglas)  McEnery.     He  at 
tended  Spring  Hill  college,  near  Mobile.  Ala.,  the 
U.S.  Naval  academy,  Annapolis,  Md.,  and  the  Uni 
versity  of  Virginia,  and  was  graduated  from  the 
State     and     National 
Law   school,    Pough- 
keepsie,  N.Y.,  in  1859. 
He   entered  the  Con 
federate    army    with 
the  first    company  of 
volunteers  formed  at 
Monroe.      La.,      and 
served   as   lieutenant 
throughout   the  war. 
He    returned    to   his 
native         town        in 
1805  ;  taught  school  ; 
studied  the  Louisiana 
system    of    law,    and 
settled      in     practice 
as   an    attorney.      He 

took  a  leading  part  as  a  Democrat  in  all  the  po 
litical  movements  in  northern  Louisiana.  He  was 
married  June  27.  1878,  to  Elizabeth,  daughter  of 
C.  W.  Phillips,  a  cotton  planter  in  Ouachita  par 
ish.  La.  He  was  elected  lieutenant-governor, 
with  Louis  A.  Wiltz  as  governor,  for  the  term 
1880-84,  and  when  Governor  Wiltz  died  in  Octo 
ber,  1881,  he  filled  out  his  unexpired  term  as  gov 
ernor  and  was  elected  for  the  term  1884-88. 
During  his  administration  of  over  six  years  he 


lire  the  fiscal  credit  of  the  state,  improved  the 
public-school  system,  and  organized  the  farmers 
for  the  protection  and  advancement  of  agricul 
tural  interests.  He  was  defeated  for  re-nomina 
tion  in  1888  by  Francis  I.  Nicholls,  who  as 
governor  appointed  him  associate  justice 
of  the  supreme  court  of  Louisiana,  in  which 
office  he  served  1888-97.  He  was  nominated  for 
governor  at  the  regular  Democratic  state  con 
vention  in  1891,  but  the  ticket  was  defeated  by 
the  Anti-Lottery  party.  He  was  elected  U.S. 
senator  in  1896  for  the  term  expiring  March  3, 
1903.  taking  his  seat  March  4,  1897,  and  on  May 
22.  1900,  he  was  unanimously  elected  to  be  his 
own  successor  for  the  term  ending  March  4, 
1909. 

McENTEE,  Jervis,  painter,  was  born  in  Ron- 
dout,  N.Y.,  July  14,  1828.  He  received  his  early 
education  at  Clinton  Liberal  institute,  N.Y.  He 
evinced  ability  as  an  artist,  and  was  instructed 
in  painting  by  Frederic  E.  Church,  of  New  York 
city,  18.10-.11.  He  engaged  in  mercantile  pursuits 
in  Rondout,  18,11-5.1  ;  visited  the  Catskills  on 
sketching  tours,  and  in  1858  opened  a  studio  in 
New  York  city.  His  first  exhibit  was  at  the  Na 
tional  Academy  of  Design  in  1853  ;  and  he  was 
elected  an  associate  academician  in  1860,  and  an 
academician  in  1801.  He  visited  Europe  in  1869, 
studied  in  the  principal  art  galleries  on  the  con 
tinent,  and  sketched  in  Italy  and  Switzerland. 
Up  to  1860  lie  had  devoted  himself  wholly  to 
landscape,  but  from  that  year  gave  much  atten 
tion  to  figure  painting.  He  was  married  in  1831 
to  Gertrude,  daughter  of  the  Rev.  Dr.  Thomas 
Jefferson  and  Caroline  Mehetable  (Fisher)  Sawyer 
(q.v.).  Among  his  principal  pictures  are:  The 
Mela  in-holy  Days  Have  Come  (I860),  owned  by  the 
National  Academy  ;  Indian  Summer  (1801);  Late 
Autumn  (1863);  Virginia  in  7<WJ  (1807),  in  the 
Paris  Exposition  of  1872;  October  Snow  (1870); 
Venice  (1870);  Scribner's  Mill  (1871);  Sea  from 
Shore  (1873);  Autumn,  Old  Mill  in  Winter, 
Autumn  Day,  Wood  Path,  and  Cape  Ann  (1874); 
A  Song  of  Summer  (1870);  Winter  in  the  Moun 
tains  (1878);  Clouds  (1879);  The  Edge  of  a  Wood 
and  Xorember  (1880);  Kaat skill  River  (1881); 
Autumn  Mentor}/  (1883);  Shadow's  of  Autumn, 
The  Kaatskills  in  Winter  and  Yelloiv  Autumn 
Woods  (1884);  Christmas  Eve  and  Sundou-n  in 
Winter  (1885);  Winter  Morning  (1880),  and  .4 
Cliff  in  the  Catskills  ( 1888).  He  died  in  Rondout, 
N.Y.,  Jan.  27,  1891. 

McEWAN,  Thomas,  representative,  was  born 
in  Paterson.  N.J..  Feb.  20,  1854;  son  of  Thomas 
and  Hannah  (Led get)  McEwan,  and  grandson  of 
John  and  Janet  (Parke)  McEwan,  and  of  Isaac 
and  Elizabeth  (Grant)  Ledget  of  county  Down, 
Ireland.  He  attended  the  public  schools  of 


1333] 


McFADDEN 


MACFARLANE 


Paterson  and  became  a  civil  engineer.  He  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1875  and  practised  in  Jer 
sey  City,  N.J.,  and  in  New  York  city.  He  was 
U.S.  assessor  of  the  4th  district,  1886-87;  U.S. 
commissioner  and  chief  supervisor  of  elections, 
1892-93;  secretary  of  the  Hudson  county  Repub 
lican  general  committee.  1878-93,  and  a  delegate 
to  every  Republican  convention  of  Jersey  City 
and  Hudson  county  and  to  every  state  conven 
tion,  1877-92.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  Repub 
lican  national  conventions  of  1892  and  1896,  and 
was  a  member  of  assembly  in  the  state  legislature 
in  1894,  being  chosen  Republican  leader  of  the 
house,  an  unusual  honor  for  one  serving  his  first 
term  in  the  house.  He  was  a  Republican  repre 
sentative  from  the  fifth  New  Jersey  district  in 
the  5 1th  and  55th  congresses,  1895-99. 

McFADDEN,  Obadiah  B.,  representative,  was 
born  in  Washington  county,  Pa.,  in  1817.  He 
was  admitted  to  the  Pennsylvania  bar  in  1838  ; 
was  a  representative  in  the  Pennsylvania  legisla 
ture  in  1843,  and  was  elected  prothonotary  for 
the  court  of  common  pleas  of  Washington  county, 
Pa.,  in  1845.  He  removed  to  Oregon  Territory, 
and  was  appointed  associate  justice  of  the  terri 
torial  supreme  court  in  1853,  and  on  the  organiza 
tion  of  Washington  Territory  by  act  of  March  2, 
1853,  was  transferred  to  the  supreme  court  of  the 
new  territory.  He  was  chief  justice  of  that  court, 
1858-61.  He  represented  his  district  in  the  legis 
lative  council  of  the  territory  ;  was  a  Demo 
cratic  delegate  to  the  43d  congress,  1873-75,  and 
was  re-elected  to  the  44th  congress,  but  before 
taking  his  seat  he  died  in  Olympia,  Wash.  Ty., 
June  25,  1875. 

McFARLAND,  Francis  Patrick,  R.C.  bishop, 
was  born  in  Franklin,  Pa.,  April  16,  1819.  He 
was  educated  for  the  priesthood  at  Mount  St. 
Mary's  college,  Emmitsburg,  Md.,  was  ordained 
priest  in  New  York  city  by  Bishop  Hughes,  May 
18,  1845  ;  was  a  member  of  the  faculty  of  St. 
John's  college,  Fordham,  N.Y.,  1845-46;  was  in 
charge  of  St.  Patrick's  mission,  Watertowii,  N.Y., 
1846-51,  and  rector  of  St.  John's  church,  Utica, 
N.Y.,  1851-58.  He  was  elected  bishop  of  Hart 
ford,  Conn.,  Jan.  9,  1858,  and  was  consecrated  at 
Providence,  R.I.,  March  14,  1858,  by  Bishop 
Hughes,  assisted  by  Bishops  Timon  and  Fitz- 
patrick.  He  made  his  residence  at  Providence, 
R.I.,  until  1872,  following  the  custom  of  the  two 
precedings  bishops,  but  in  that  year,  on  the  erec 
tion  of  the  new  see  of  Providence,  he  made  Hart 
ford,  Conn.,  the  see  city  of  the  diocese,  and  directed 
the  building  of  St.  Joseph's  cathedral,  a  bishop's 
house  and  Mount  St.  Joseph's  Convent  of  Mercy. 
He  died  in  Hartford,  Conn.,  Oct.  12,  1874. 

McFARLAND,  Robert  White,  educator,  was 
born  near  Urbana,  Ohio,  June  16,  1825  ;  son  of 
Robert  and  Eunice  (Dorsey)  McFarland  :  grand 


son  of  William  (a  Revolutionary  soldier)  and 
Rebecca  (White)  McFarland,  and  of  Charles  (who 
served  four  years  in  the  Revolution)  and  Eliza 
beth  (Anchors)  Dorsey,  and  great-grandson  of 
Robert  McFarland,  who  was  born  in  county 
Tyrone,  Ireland,  1703  :  landed  in  Philadelphia, 
1746,  and  removed  a  few  years  later  to  Rockbridge 
county,  Va.,  where  he  died  in  1796.  His  maternal 
great-grandfather,  Aquila  Dorsey,  served  in  the 
Maryland  line  in  the  Revolutionary  war,  and  was 
in  Braddock's  campaign  in  1775.  Robert  AVhite 
McFarland  was  graduated  from  the  Ohio  Wesley  - 
an  university,  A.B.,  1847,  A.M.,  1850;  was  prin 
cipal  of  Berkshire  academy  in  1848:  taught  in 
Greenfield  academy,  1849-51  ;  Chillicothe  Union 
school  in  1852  ;  was  professor  of  mathematics  at 
Madison  college,  1853-56  ;  and  professor  of  mathe 
matics  and  astronomy  at  Miami  university,  1856- 
73.  During  the  civil  war  he  served  as  captain  in 
and  lieutenant-colonel  of  the  86th  Ohio  volun 
teers,  1862-64,  and  was  in  Burnside's  expedition 
in  East  Tennessee.  He  was  professor  of  mathe 
matics  and  civil  engineering  at  Ohio  State  uni 
versity,  1873-75  ;  state  inspector  of  railways, 
1881-85;  president  of  Miami  university,  1885-88, 
and  was  a  civil  and  mining  engineer  in  Corn 
ing,  Ohio,  1888-99.  The  honorary  degree  of  LL.D. 
was  conferred  on  him  by  Ohio  Wesleyan  univer 
sity  in  1881.  He  edited  six  books  of  Virgil's 


MACFARLANE,  Alexander,  educator,  was 
born  in  Blairgowrie.  Scotland,  April  21.  1851  :  son 
of  Daniel  and  Ann  (Small)  Macfarlane  ;  grand 
son  of  Alexander  and  Janet  (Steele)  Macfarlane 
and  of  Peter  and  Barbara  (MacDonald)  Small,  of 
Highland  ancestry.  He  was  prepared  for  college 
at  the  Free  Church  school  at  Blairgowrie,  and 
was  graduated  at  the  University  of  Edinburgh, 
M.A.,  1875,  and  D.Sc.,  1878.  He  was  instructor 
in  physics  at  that  university,  1874-76.  and  exam 
iner  in  mathematics,  1881-84.  He  removed  to 
the  United  States  in  1885,  and  was  professor 
of  physics  in  the  University  of  Texas,  1885-95, 
when  he  was  made  lecturer  on  mathematical 
physics  in  Lehigh  university.  South  Bethlehem, 
Pa.  He  was  married,  April  8,  1RS5.  to  Helen, 
daughter  of  Patrick  Henry  and  Mary  (Toland) 
Swearingen  of  San  Antonio,  Texas.  In  1900  he 
delivered  a  special  course  of  lectures  on  space- 
analysis  at  the  University  of  Pennsylvania.  He 
was  made  a  fellow  of  the  Royal  Society  of 
Edinburgh,  1878  ;  a  corresponding  member  of  the 
Scientific  Society  of  Mexico,  1893  ;  a  member  of 
the  American  Institute  of  Electrical  Engineers, 
1892,  of  theCircolo  Matematicodi  Palermo,  Italy, 
1894,  and  non-resident  member  of  the  Washing 
ton  Academy  of  Science,  1900.  He  was  elected 
vice-president  of  the  American  Association  for 
the  Advancement  of  Science  in  1899.  and  general 


McFERRIN 


secretary  of  the  International  Association  for 
Promoting  Quaternions  and  Allied  Mathematics 
in  1879.  He  directed  his  work  as  a  physicist 
mainly  to  electricity  and  as  a  mathematician 
principally  to  space-analysis.  He  received  the 
degree  of  LL.D.  from  the  University  of  Michigan 
in  1887.  He  is  the  author  of:  Algebra  of  Logic 
(1879);  Physical  Arithmetic  (1885);  Mathematical 
Tables  (1889);  Papers  on  Space- Analysis  (1894); 
Chapter  on  Quaternions  and  Vector-Analysis 
(1886). 

McFAUL,  James  Augustine,  R.C.  bishop,  was 
born  in  Larne,  Ireland,  June  6,  1850.  He  came 
to  the  United  States  with  his  parents  in  in 
fancy  and  they  located  first  in  New  York  city, 
and  later  at  Weston,  N.J.  He  was  a  student 

at  St.  Vincent's  col 
lege,  Beatty,  Pa., 
1868-71,  at  the  College 
of  St.  Francis  Xavier, 
New  York  city,  1871- 
72,  and  was  grad 
uated  from  Seton 
Hall,  South  Orange, 
N.J.,  in  1873.  He 
was  educated  for  the 
priesthood  at  the 
theological  seminary 
at  Seton  Hall,  and 
was  ordained  by 
Bishop  Corrigan,  May 
26,  1877.  He  was 
at  first  temporarily 
assigned  to  churches  at  Orange  and  Pater- 
son,  N.J.,  and  later  filled  permanent  positions 
at  St.  Patrick's,  Jersey  City  ;  St.  Patrick's  cathe 
dral,  Newark,  N.J.,  and  St.  Peter's,  New  Bruns 
wick,  N.J.  In  1879  he  was  appointed  assistant 
to  Vicar-General  Anthony  Smith,  and  served  as 
Secretary  to  Bishop  O'Farrell  of  Trenton,  N.J., 
1882-84.  He  was  rector  of  St.  Mary's  Star  of  the 
Sea,  Long  Branch,  N.J.,  and  of  the  mission 
church  of  St.  Michael's,  West  End,  Long  Branch, 
N.J.,  which  he  built,  1883-90.  He  was  appointed 
chancellor  of  the  diocese  and  rector  of  St.  Mary's 
cathedral,  Trenton,  by  Bishop  O'Farrell  in  1890, 
vicar-general  in  1892,  and  July  20,  1894,  was  ap 
pointed  bishop  of  Trenton,  by  Leo  XIII.,  as 
successor  to  Bishop  O'Farrell.  After  the  death 
of  Bishop  O'Farrell,  April  2,  1894,  he  was  admin 
istrator  of  Trenton  until  his  appointment  as 
bishop,  and  was  consecrated  in  St.  Mary's  cathe 
dral,  Trenton,  Oct.  18,  1894,  by  Archbishop  M.  A. 
Corrigan,  assisted  by  Bishops  McQuaid  of  Roches 
ter  and  McDonnell  of  Brooklyn.  He  was  the 
arbiter  in  the  re-organization  of  the  Ancient 
Order  of  Hibernians  and  took  a  prominent  part 
in  the  movement  for  the  federation  of  Catholic 
societies  throughout  the  United  States  in  1901. 


ff 


In  behalf  of  this  movement  he  contributed  vari 
ous  articles  to  magazines  and  papers,  notably  to 
the  North  American  Review  on  "  Catholics  and 
American  Citizenship  "  and  to  the  American  Ec 
clesiastical  Revieiv  on  "  Catholic  Grievances — 
their  Remedy."  His  Alma  Mater  conferred  upon 
him  the  degree  of  LL.D.  in  1898. 

MACFEELY,  Robert,  soldier,  was  born  in 
Pennsylvania,  July  8,  1820.  He  was  graduated 
from  the  U.S.  Military  academy  in  1850,  was  pro 
moted  2d  lieutenant,  4th  infantry,  July  13.  1852  ; 
was  in  command  of  the. escort  for  the  Pacific 
Railroad  exploration,  1853-54,  and  served  on  the 
Yakima  expedition  in  1855.  He  was  promoted 
1st  lieutenant,  Feb.  3,  1855  ;  took  part  in  the 
Rogue  River  expedition,  March  to  June,  1856; 
was  made  quartermaster  of  the  4th  infantry, 
Sept.  10,  1856.  In  1861  he  served  respectively 
on  mustering  duty  at  Frederick,  Md.  ;  as  commis 
sary  to  the  state  of  Indiana  ;  in  the  western  Vir 
ginia  campaign,  and  as  commissariat  at  Cincin 
nati,  Ohio.  He  was  promoted  captain  of  staff 
and  commissary  of  subsistence.  May  11,  1861. 
He  was  chief  of  the  commissariat  of  the  Army 
of  the  Ohio  in  1862,  and  chief  of  the  commis 
sariat  with  the  rank  of  lieutenant-colonel,  15th 
army  corps,  January  to  April,  1863,  and  of  the 
Department  and  Army  of  the  Tennessee,  April, 
1863,  to  September,  1864,  where  he  was  engaged 
in  the  Vicksburg  campaign  and  the  campaign 
from  Chattanooga  to  Atlanta.  He  was  promoted 
major  of  staff  in  the  commissary  subsistence  de 
partment,  Feb.  9,  1863  ;  served  as  assistant  to  the 
commissary-general  at  Washingon,  D.C.,  October 
to  November,  1864  ;  as  purchasing  and  depot  com 
missary,  and  chief  of  the  commissariat  of  the 
Department  of  the  Ohio,  at  Cincinnati  ;  and  was 
in  general  charge  of  the  subsistence  depart 
ment  in  Ohio,  Indiana  and  Illinois  from  Decem 
ber,  1864,  to  September,  1866.  He  was  brevetted 
lieutenant-colonel  and  colonel,  March  13,  1865, 
for  faithful  and  meritorious  services  during  the 
war  ;  later  served  as  chief  commissary  of  the  De 
partment  of  the  Lakes,  and  purchasing  and  depot 
commissary  at  Detroit.  Mich.,  and  was  promoted 
commissary-general  of  subsistence  with  rank  of 
brigadier-general,  April  14,  1875,  which  office  he 
held  until  his  retirement,  July  8,  1890.  He 
thereafter  resided  in  Washington,  D.C.,  until  his 
death,  which  occurred.  Feb.  21,  1901. 

McFERRIN,  John  Berry,  clergyman,  was 
born  in  Rutherford  county.  Tenn.,  June  15,  1807  ; 
son  of  the  Rev.  James  and  Jane  Campbell 
(Berry)  McFerrin  ;  grandson  of  William  McFerrin, 
a  farmer  and  soldier  in  the  Revolution,  and  a 
descendant  of  Scotch-Irish  ancestors,  who  came  to 
America  about  1740,  and  settled  in  York  ccunty, 
Pa.  His  father,  originally  Presbyterian,  joined 
the  Methodist  church  in  1820,  and  was  a  circuit 

[241] 


MACGAHAN 


McGARVEY 


preacher  until  his  death  in  1840.  John  received 
his  education  at  home  and  in  the  schools  of 
Tennessee,  and  worked  on  his  father's  farm.  He 
was  appointed  a  class  leader  by  the  Methodist 
conference  in  1823,  and  was  licensed  as  an  ex- 
horter  in  1824.  He  joined  the  Tennessee  confer 
ence  in  1825,  became  a  preacher,  and  travelled 
various  circuits  in  Alabama  and  Tennessee, 
1825-28.  He  was  a  missionary  to  the  Cherokee 
Indians,  1828-30,  stationed  as  pastor  of  several 
churches,  1830-36,  and  was  presiding  elder  of  the 
districts  of  Florence,  Ala.,  and  Cumberland, 
Tenn.,  1836-39.  He  was  editor  of  the  Christian 
Advocate  at  Nashville,  Tenn.,  1840-58  :  agent  for 
the  Methodist  Book  Concern,  1858-66,  and  again 
1878-87;  missionary  to  the  Army  of  Tennessee, 
1861-66.  and  secretary  of  the  board  of  missions, 
1866-78.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  ecumenical 
conference  of  the  Methodist  church  in  London, 
England,  in  1881,  and  to  the  centennial  confer 
ence  in  Baltimore,  Md.,  in  1884.  He  was  mar 
ried,  Sept.  18,  1833,  to  Almira  A  very,  daughter  of 
William  V.  and  Sarah  (Johnson)  Frobart  of 
Nashville,  Tenn..  and  secondly,  Nov.  12,  1855, 
to  Cynthia  Tennessee,  daughter  of  John  Mc- 
Gavock  of  Nashville,  Tenn.  He  received  the  de 
gree  of  D.D.  from  Randolph-Macon  college  and 
La  Grange  college  in  1847.  He  is  the  author  of  a 
History  of  Methodism  in  Tennessee  (3  vols.,  1870- 
72)  ;  sermons,  and  contributions  to  periodicals. 
He  died  in  Nashville,  Tenn.,  May  10,  1887. 

MACGAHAN,  Januarius  Aloysius,  journalist, 
was  born  near  New  Lexington,  Ohio,  June  12, 
1844.  After  his  father's  death  in  1851.  he  began 
to  work  upon  the  farm  and  attend  the  public 
school.  He  removed  to  Huntington,  111.,  where 
he  taught  school,  1800-62.  and  engaged  as  a  book 
keeper  there,  1862-64,  and  in  St.  Louis,  Mo., 
1864-68.  During  this  time  he  studied  law,  con 
tributed  to  the  Huntington  Democrat,  and  gave 
public  readings  from  Charles  Dickens.  He  visited 
London  and  Paris  and  took  up  the  study  of  civil 
and  international  law  in  Belgium  in  1869 ;  was 
war  cor respon dent  of  the  New  York  Herald  in 
the  Franco-Prussian  war,  1870-71,  and  in  Paris, 
as  the  only  foreign  correspondent  there,  during 
the  occupation  of  Paris  by  the  German  troops. 
While  there  his  intimacy  with  Dombrovsky 
and  other  communist  leaders  caused  his  arrest 
by  the  French  government,  but  he  was  released 
through  the  influence  of  U.S.  Minister  Elihu  B. 
Washburne.  He  visited  southern  Russia  in  1871, 
and  was  the  St.  Petersburg  correspondent  of  the 
New  York  Herald,  1871-72.  He  reported  the 
proceedings  of  the  Geneva  tribunal  of  arbitra 
tion,  December,  1871,  and  travelled  through 
Caucasus  with  Gen.  William  T.  Sherman,  1872. 
He  was  married  in  January,  1873,  to  a  Russian 
lady  of  rank,  was  ordered  to  join  the  expedition 


against  Khiva  by  the  Herald  in  1873,  and  upon 
being  refused  permission  by  the  Russian  govern 
ment,  he  travelled  alone  over  the  Central  Asian 
desert,  overtook  the  Russian  army  before  Khiva, 
witnessed  the  fall  of  the  city,  and  gained  the 
friendship  of  Col.  Skobeleff.  He  reported  the 
operations  of  the  Carlist  insurrectionists  in  Spain, 
1874-75,  was  captured  during  the  campaign  by 
the  imperial  authorities  while  wearing  a  Carlist 
uniform,  and  was  sentenced  to  be  shot,  but 
claiming  American  citizenship,  was  saved 
through  the  American  consul-general.  He  ac 
companied  the  expedition  of  Sir  Allan  Young  to 
the  Polar  seas,  in  June,  1875,  and  in  June,  1876,  re 
ceived  a  special  commission  from  the  London 
Daily  News  to  investigate  alleged  Turkish  bar 
barities  in  Bulgaria.  His  reports  brought  about 
Russian  armed  intervention,  and  when  he  re 
turned  with  the  Russian  army,  men,  women  and 
children  kissed  his  bridle,  spurs  and  even  the 
horse  he  rode,  and  regarded  him  as  their  deliv 
erer.  He  reported  the  conferences  of  the  foreign 
ambassadors  in  Constantinople  in  the  following 
winter.  He  accompanied  the  Russian  army  from 
the  capture  of  Shipka  Pass,  in  July,  1877,  to  the 
peace  of  San  Stefano,  concluded  in  March,  1878, 
and  while  the  negotiations  of  peace  were  pro 
ceeding  he  remained  at  Pera,  to  nurse  a  friend 
ill  with  typhus  fever,  and  fell  a  victim  to  the 
disease.  He  was  buried  at  Scutari,  Turkey  in 
Asia,  and  the  body  was  afterward  removed  to 
New  Lexington,  Ohio.  Masses  are  said  in  every 
Bulgarian  church  for  the  repose  of  his  soul  on 
each  recurring  anniversary  of  his  death.  He 
is  the  author  of  :  Campaigning  on  the  Oxus  and 
the  Fall  of  Khiva  (1874);  Under  the  Northern 
Lights  (1876);  and  Turkish  Atrocities  in  Bulgaria 
(1876).  He  died  in  Pera,  Turkey.  June  9,  1878. 

McQANN,  Lawrence  Edward,  representative, 
was  born  in  Ireland,  Feb.  2,  1852.  His  father 
died  in  1854  and  Lawrence  immigrated  with  his 
mother  to  the  United  States  in  1855,  and  settled 
in  Milford,  Mass.  He  attended  the  public  schools 
and  in  1865  removed  to  Chicago,  111.,  where 
he  engaged  in  the  boot  and  shoe  trade,  1865-79. 
He  was  employed  as  a  clerk  in  the  city  service, 
1879-85;  was  superintendent  of  streets,  1885-91, 
and  was  a  Democratic  representative  in  the  52d, 
53d  and  54th  congresses,  1891-97.  He  was  com 
missioner  of  public  works,  Chicago.  1897-1901, 
and  in  1901  was  elected  comptroller  of  the  city 
of  Chicago. 

McGARVEY,  John  William,  educator,  was 
born  in  Hopkinville,  Ky.,  March  1,  1829;  son  of 
John  and  Sallie  Anne  (Thomson)  McGarvey.  His 
paternal  ancestors  came  from  the  north  of  Ire 
land,  and  his  mother's  ancestors  were  Scotch. 
He  was  graduated  from  Bethany  college,  Va., 
A.B.,  1850,  A.M.,  1853,  and  was  pastor  at  Fayette, 


McGAUGHEY 


Mo.,  1851-53,  at  Dover,  Mo.,  1853-62,  ami  at  Lex 
ington,  Ky.,  1862-81.  He  was  made  professor  of 
sacred  history  in  the  College  of  the  Bible,  Lex 
ington,  Ky.,  a  department  of  Ken  tuck}'  univer 
sity,  in  1865,  and  president  of  that  department  in 
1895.  He  was  married,  March  23,  1853,  to  Ottie, 
daughter  of  Bird  Hix  of  Fayette,  Mo.  He  edited 
the  Apostolic  Times,  1869-76,  and  was  connected 
with  other  religious  papers  as  correspondent  and 
editor  for  over  forty  years.  He  received  the 
honorary  degree  of  LL.D.  from  Bethany  in  1870. 
He  is  the  author  of  :  A  Commentary  on  Acts  of 
Apostles  (1863);  Commentary  on  the  Gospel*  of 
Matthew  and  Mark  (1876);  Lands  of  the  Bible 
(1880);  Text  and  Canon  of  New  Testament  (1886); 
Credibility  and  Inspiration  of  New  Testament 
(1891);  Jesns  and  Jonah  (1896). 

McGAUGHEY,  Edward  WM  representative, 
was  born  near  Greencastle,  Ind.,  Jan.  16,  1817  ; 
son  of  Arthur  O.  and  Sarah  (Bell)  McGaughey. 
His  father,  born  March  3,  1788,  at  Johnstown, 
Pa.,  removed  to  Putnam  county,  Ind.,  with  a 
company  of  settlers.  At  an  early  age  he  became 
deputy  to  his  father,  who  was  clerk  of  the  county 
court  for  twenty-four  years,  and  he  \vas  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  1835.  He  was  married  at  Green- 
castle,  Jan.  18,  1838,  to  Margaret  Matlock.  He 
was  elected  state  senator  in  1842,  and  resigned  in 
1843  to  accept  nomination  for  representative  to 
the  28th  congress,  but  was  defeated  by  Joseph  A. 
Wright  by  three  votes.  He  was  a  Whig  repre 
sentative  from  the  fifth  district  of  Indiana  in  the 
29th  congress,  1845-47  ;  removed  to  Rockville, 
Parke  county,  in  1848.  where  he  practised  law 
with  Gov.  Joseph  A.  Wright  ;  was  a  represent 
ative  in  the  31st  congress,  1849-51,  and  was  de 
feated  for  the  32d  congress  in  1850  by  John  G. 
Davis,  Democrat.  President  Taylor  nominated 
him  governor  of  Minnesota  Territory  in  1849,  but 
the  senate  failed  to  confirm  the  nomination.  He 
went  to  California  in  1852  by  way  of  the  Isthmus 
of  Panama,  where  he  contracted  the  fever  from 
which  he  died  while  a  guest  at  Jones's  hotel  in 
San  Francisco,  Cal.,  Aug.  6,  1852. 

McGAVICK,  Alexander  Joseph,  R.C.  bishop, 
was  born  at  Fox  Lake,  111.,  Aug.  3,  1863  ;  son  of 
James  and  Catherine  (Watt)  McGavick.  who 
came  to  America  from  county  Antrim,  Ireland, 
in  1849.  He  prepared  for  college  in  the  public 
schools  ;  entered  St.  Viateur's  college,  Kankakee, 
111.,  in  1879.  and  was  graduated  A. B.,  1884,  A.M., 
1886.  He  was  ordained  priest  in  Chicago  in  1887  ; 
was  curate  to  All  Saints'  church.  1887-98  ;  pastor 
of  St.  John's  church,  1898-1900  ;  and  became 
pastor  of  Holy  Angels'  church  in  1900.  He  was 
elected  auxiliary  bishop  of  Chicago  in  1899  and 
was  consecrated  titular  bishop  of  Norcopolis  and 
auxiliary  bishop  of  Chicago  at  the  Cathedral  of 
the  Holy  Name,  May  1,  1899,  twelve  bishops  and 

[243] 


nearly  three  hundred  visiting  priests  being  pres 
ent,  Archbishop  Feehan  acting  as  consecrator 
and  celebrant  of  the  pontifical  high  mass,  and 
Bishop  Spalding  of  Peoria  preaching  the  sermon. 
In  addition  to  his  duties  as  auxiliary  bishop  he 
continued  those  as  pastor  of  Holy  Angels' 
church. 

McGEE,  Anita  Newcomb,  surgeon,  was  born 
in  Washington,  D.C.,  Nov.  4.  1864  ;  daughter  of 
Simon  and  Mary  Caroline  (Hassler)  Newcomb, 
and  granddaughter  of  John  Burton  and  Emily 
(Prince)  Newcomb  and  of  Charles  Augustus  and 
Anna  Joseph  (Nourse)  Hassler.  She  was  a 
descendant  of  Elder 
William  Brevvster,  of 
Gen.  John  Bull  of  the 
Continental  army, 
and  of  Ferdinand 
Rudolph  Hassler,  first 
superintendent  of  the 
coast  survey.  She 
attended  private 

schools  in  Washing 
ton,  D.C.,  and  spent 
three  years  in  Eu 
rope,  taking  courses 
at  Newnham  col 
lege,  Cambridge, 
Eng. ,  the  Univer 
sity  of  Geneva,  and 

at  Berlin,  Germany,  1882-85.  She  was  graduated 
from  the  medical  department  of  Columbian 
university,  Washington,  D.C.,  M.D.,  1892,  and 
took  a  post-graduate  course  at  Johns  Hopkins 
hospital,  Baltimore,  Md.,  in  1892.  She  practised 
medicine  at  Washington,  D.C.,  1893-96,  and  was 
attending  physician  of  the  Woman's  hospital  and 
dispensary.  She  was  surgeon-general  of  the 
National  Society  of  the  Daughters  of  the  Amer 
ican  Revolution,  1894-96  ;  librarian-general, 
1896-97  ;  vice-president-general,  1898-99,  and 
organized  and  directed  the  "  Daughters  of  the 
American  Revolution  Hospital  Corps,"  which 
selected  the  women  trained  nurses  who  were 
appointed  in  the  army  and  navy  during  the  Span 
ish-American  war.  She  was  appointed  acting 
assistant  surgeon  in  the  U.S.  army,  Aug.  29,  1898. 
and  was  placed  in  charge  of  the  army  nurse 
corps  division  of  the  surgeon  general's  office, 
war  department.  She  organized  the  "  nurse 
corps  "  and  visited  hospitals  and  camps  in  the 
United  States  and  Cuba.  She  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  American  Association  for  the 
Advancement  of  Science  in  1888,  was  afterward 
elected  fellow,  and  was  secretary  of  the  section 
of  anthropology  in  1897  ;  joined  the  Woman's 
Anthropological  society  of  America  in  1888,  and 
served  as  its  secretary,  1889-90  ;  was  elected  to 
the  Anthropological  society  of  Washington,  D.C., 


McGIFFERT 


-McGILL 


in  1893,  being  the  second  woman  admitted  to 
membership  ;  entered  the  Medical  association  of 
the  District  of  Columbia  in  1893,  and  the  Medical 
society  of  the  District  of  Columbia  in  1894  ;  was 
elected  an  honorary  member  of  the  British  Asso 
ciation  for  the  Advancement  of  Science  for  the 
year  1897,  and  was  made  honorary  member  of  the 
Association  of  Military  Surgeons  of  the  United 
State:  in  1899.  She  was  married.  Feb.  14,  1888, 
to  W.  J.  McGee,the  geologist  and  anthropologist. 

McQIFFERT,  Arthur  Cushman,  educator, 
was  born  in  Sauquoit,  N.Y.,  March  4,  1861  ;  son 
of  Joseph  Nelson  and  Harriet  Whiting  (Cushman) 
McGiffert ;  grandson  of  James  and  Martha  (Nel 
son)  McGiffert  and  of  Ralph  and  Sophia 
(Moseley)  Cushman,  and  a  descendant  of  Robert 
Cushman,  who  came  to  Plymouth  in  the  Fortune, 
and  of  Isaac  Allerton,  who  came  in  the  Mayflower. 
He  was  graduated  from  Western  Reserve  univer 
sity,  A.B.,  1882,  A.M.,  1885,  and  from  Union 
Theological  seminary,  New  York,  in  1885.  He 
studied  at  the  University  of  Berlin,  1885-80  ;  at 
the  University  of  Marburg,  1886-87,  and  in  Paris 
and  Rome,  1887-88.  He  was  ordained  by  the 
presbytery  of  Cleveland,  Sept.  10,  1888  ;  was  in 
structor  in  church  history  at  the  Lane  Theological 
seminary,  Cincinnati,  1888-90,  professor,  1890- 
93,  and  became  professor  of  church  history  at 
Union  Theological  seminary  in  1893.  In  1898  the 
general  assembly  of  the  Presbyterian  church  pre 
ferred  charges  against  him  based  on  his  book, 
"  A  History  of  Christianity  in  the  Apostolic  Age," 
which  they  claimed  to  be  heretical.  The  assem 
bly  requested  him  to  reconsider  his  views,  and  if 
he  felt  unable  to  renounce  them  to  leave  the 
church  voluntarily.  This  he  declined  to  do,  on 
the  ground  that  his  teachings  were  not  inconsist 
ent  with  the  underlying  principles  of  the  Pres 
byterian  church.  In  December,  1899,  the  New 
York  presbytery  voted  that  the  best  interests  of 
the  church  required  the  presbytery  to  disavow  Dr. 
McGiffert's  teachings  but  to  pursue  no  further 
action  against  him,  and  in  April,  1900,  he  entered 
the  Congregational  church.  He  took  the  degree 
of  Ph.D.  at  the  University  of  Marburg  in  1888  and 
the  honorary  degree  of  D.D.  was  conferred  upon 
him  by  Adelbert  college  in  1892.  He  is  the  author 
of:  A  Dialogue  betireena  CJiristian  and  a  Jew 
(1889);  The  Church  History  of  Eusebius  (1890); 
Primitive  and  Catholic  Christianity  (1893);  A 
History  of  Christianity  in  the  Apostolic  Age 
(1897);  History  and  Theology  (1898);  The  Problem 
of  Christian  Creeds  as  Affected  by  Modern  Thought 
(1901),  and  numerous  contributions  to  magazines 
and  reviews. 

McGILL,  Alexander  Taggart,  educator,  was 
born  in  Canonsburg,  Pa.,  Feb.  24,  1807  ;  son  of 
John  and  Mary  (Taggart)  McGill  ;  grandson  of 
Hugh  MoGill,  and  a  descendant  of  Daniel  McGill. 


He  was  graduated  from  Jefferson  college,  Pa., 
A.B..  1826,  A.M.,  1829,  and  served  as  tutor  in 
mathematics.  He  studied  law  in  Georgia,  1826- 
30,  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  Milledgeville,  1830, 
and  by  appointment  from  the  Georgia  legislature 
surveyed  and  made  a  map  of  the  northwest  sec 
tion  of  the  state  in  1831.  He  studied  theology  in 
the  Associate  Presbyterian  seminary,  Canons- 
burg,  Pa.,  1831-34;  was  ordained  by  the  pres 
bytery  of  Carlisle  in  1835,  and  was  pastor  in 
Cumberland,  Perry  and  York  counties,  1835-38. 
He  was  married  May  15,  1837,  to  Eleanor  A., 
daughter  of  the  Hon.  George  McCullough.  and 
after  her  death  to  Catherine  B.,  daughter  of  the 
Rev.  Charles  Hodge,  D.D.,  of  Princeton,  N.J. 
He  connected  himself  with  the  old  school  Pres 
byterian  church  in  1838  ;  was  pastor  of  the  Sec 
ond  Presbyterian  church,  Carlisle,  Pa.,  1838-42; 
professor  of  ecclesiastical  history  and  church  gov 
ernment  at  Western  Theological  seminary,  Alle 
gheny,  Pa.,  1842-52,  and  professor  in  the  Pres 
byterian  Theological  seminary  at  Columbia.  S.C., 
1852-53.  He  returned  to  his  chair  at  Western 
Theological  seminary  in  1853,  and  in  1854  was 
transferred  to  Princeton  Theological  seminary, 
where  he  was  professor  of  pastoral  theology, 
church  government  and  the  composition  and 
delivery  of  sermons,  1854-59  ;  of  church  history 
and  practical  theology,  1859-60  :  of  ecclesiastical 
history  and  church  government,  1860-61  ;  of  ec 
clesiastical,  homiletic  and  pastoral  theology,  1861- 
83,  and  was  emeritus  professor,  1883-89.  lie  was 
moderator  of  the  general  assembly  of  the  Presby 
terian  church  in  1848  ;  permanent  clerk  of  the  gen 
eral  assembly,  1850-62,  and  stated  clerk,  1862-70. 
He  received  the  degrees,  D.D.  from  Marshall 
college,  Pa.,  1842,  and  LL.D.  from  the  College  of 
New  Jersey,  1868.  He  contributed  to  reviews 
and  is  the  author  of  :  Church  dorenniieiit,  and 
The  Ordinances  of  the  Presbyterian  Church.  He 
died  in  Princeton,  N.J.,  Jan.  13,  1889. 

McGILL,  Alexander  Taggart,  jurist,  was  born 
in  Allegheny,  Pa,,  Oct.  20,  1813;  son  of  Alex 
ander  Taggart  and  Eleanor  A.  (McCullough) 
McGill,  and  grandson  of  John  and  Mary  (Taggart) 
McGill  and  of  the  Hon.  George  McCullough.  He 
removed  to  Princeton,  N.J.,  with  his  parents,  on 
his  father's  appointment  to  a  professorship  in 
Princeton  Theological  seminary  in  1854,  was 
graduated  from  the  College  of  New  Jersey,  A.B., 
1864,  A.M.,  1867,  and  from  the  Columbia  Law 
school,  New  York  city.  A.B.,  1866.  and  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in  1867.  He  settled  in  practice 
in  Jersey  City,  N.J.,  in  1867  ;  was  counsel  for  the 
city  of  Bay  on  ne,  N.J. ,  1874-76;  a  representative 
in  the  state  assembly  from  Hudson  county,  1874- 
76  ;  prosecutor  of  the  pleas  of  Hudson  county, 
1878-83  ;  and  president  of  the  county  courts, 
1883-87.  He  was  appointed  chancellor  of  the 


[244J 


McGILL 


McGINNIS 


state  of  New  Jersey  by  Governor  Green,  March 
'-29,  1887,  was  re-appointed  by  Governor  Werts 
in  1894,  and  unanimously  confirmed  by  the  senate, 
and  served  until  his  death.  He  was  the  Dem 
ocratic  candidate  for  governor  in  1895,  but  was 
defeated  by  John  W.  Griggs.  He  received  the 
degree  of  LL.D.  from  Princeton  in  1891.  He  diod 
in  Jersey  city,  N.J.,  April  1,  1900. 

McGILL,  Andrew  Ryan,  governor  of  Minne 
sota,  was  born  in  Crawford  county,  Pa.,  Feb.  19, 
1840  ;  son  of  Charles  Dillon  and  Angeline  (Martin) 
McGill ;  grandson  of  Patrick  and  Anne  (Baird) 
McGill  and  of  Armand  and  Mary  (l>yan)  Martin, 
and  great-grandson 
of  Gen.  Charles  Mar 
tin,  of  John  Ryan  and 
of  Simon  Hiinrod, 
soldiers  in  the  Revo 
lutionary  war.  An 
drew  Ryan  McGill 
spent  his  boyhood  on 
his  father's  farm,  re 
ceived  his  education 
in  the  public  schools 
and  the  village  acad 
emy,  and  taught 
school  in  Kentucky, 
1859-60.  He  removed 
to  Minnesota  in  June, 
1801,  and  resumed 
In  August,  1862,  he  enlisted  in  the  9th 
Minnesota  volunteers,  served  one  year,  and 
was  discharge'1  account  of  failing  health.  He 
was  editor  and  j,  .blisher  of  the  St.  Peter  Tribune, 
1863-66  ;  county  superintendent  of  schools  ;  clerk 
of  the  district  court,  1866-70  ;  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1868  ;  was  private  secretary  for  Gov 
ernor  Austin,  1869-73,  and  insurance  commis 
sioner  for  the  state,  1873-86.  In  1886  he  was 
nominated  by  the  Republicans  as  their  candidate 
for  governor  and  was  elected  for  the  term  which 
ended  Jan.  9,  1889.  He  was  elected  to  the  state 
senate  in  1897,  and  in  June,  1900.  was  appointed 
postmaster  at  St.  Paul  by  President  McKinley. 

McGILL,  John,  R.  C.  bishop,  was  born  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa..  Nov.  4,  1809.  His  parents  were 
natives  of  Ireland,  who  came  to  America  before 
their  marriage  and  settled  in  Philadelphia  and  in 
1818  removed  to  Bardstown,  Ky.  He  was  grad 
uated  from  the  College  of  St.  Joseph  in  1828  ; 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1830  and  practiced  at 
Bardstown.  He  studied  for  the  priesthood  in  the 
seminary  at  Bardstown  ;  at  St.  Mary's  Seminary, 
Baltimore,  Md.,  and  was  ordained  priest  at 
Bardstown,  Ky.,  June  13,  1835,  by  Bishop  David. 
He  was  pastor  of  St.  Peter's,  Lexington,  Ky., 
and  was  appointed  assistant  at  St.  Louis  Ber- 
trand's,  Louisville,  Ky.,in  the  latter  part  of  1836, 
and  in  1838  visited  England  on  a  mission  for 


teachim 


Bishop  Chabrat.  He  was  editor  of  the  Catholic, 
Advocate,  1838-48,  and  won  a  reputation  as  a  de 
fender  of  the  dogmas  of  his  church.  He  also, 
with  Vicar-General  Spalding,  engaged  in  contro 
versy  with  the  Protestant  League  of  Louisville, 
Ky.  He  was  vicar- 
general  of  the  diocese 
of  Louisville.  1848-50, 
and  was  consecrated 
bishop  of  Richmond, 
Va.,  in  St.  Joseph's 
church,  Bardstown, 
Ky.,  by  Archbishop 
Kenrick  of  St.  Louis, 
Nov.  10,  1850,  assisted 
by  Bishops  Miles  and 
St.  Palais.  Bishop 
McGill  found  in  the 
diocese  of  Richmond 
only  ten  churches 
and  eight  priests, 
and  the  cathedral, 

bishop's  residence,  and  sisters'  house,  all 
loaded  with  debt.  He  laid  the  corner-stone 
for  churches  at  Fredericksburg  and  Fairfax 
stations  in  1858,  the  corner-stone  of  St.  Patrick's 
church,  Richmond,  in  June,  1859,  and  churches 
at  Warrenton,  Harper's  Ferry,  Old  Point  Com 
fort,  Martinsburg,  Grafton,  Fort  Monroe  and 
Norfolk  were  subsequently  built.  He  went  to 
Rome  in  1854  to  take  part  in  the  convention  to 
decide  upon  the  definition  of  the  doctrine  of  the 
immaculate  conception  ;  was  present  at  the  eighth 
provincial  council  at  Baltimore,  Md.  ;  was 
present  at  the  ninth  provincial  council  of  Balti 
more,  in  May,  1858,  and  visited  Rome  to  join  in 
the  deliberations  of  the  Vatican  council  in  1869. 
During  the  civil  war  he  devoted  himself  to  the 
care  of  the  sick  and  established  a  hospital  in 
Richmond.  He  built  the  Convent  and  Academy 
of  Visitation  Monte  Maria,  in  Richmond,  Va.,  in 
1866,  and  introduced  several  other  sisterhoods. 
He  also  built  fourteen  parochial  schools  during 
his  bishopric.  Bishop  McGill  wrote  a  criticism  of 
Macaulay's  "History  of  England";  translated 
Audin's  "Life  of  Calvin"  (1847),  and  is  the 
author  of  a  series  of  controversial  letters  ad 
dressed  to  Robert  Ridgwjiy  ;  Tlie  True  Church 
Indicated  to  tlie  Inquirer  and  Our  Faith  the  Vic 
tory.  He  died  in  Richmond,  Va.,  Jan.  14,  1872. 
McGINNIS,  George  Francis,  soldier,  was  born 
in  Boston.  Mass.,  March  19, 1826  ;  son  of  Alexander 
and  Hannah  (Smith)  McGinnis.  He  removed  to 
Maine  and  subsequently  to  Ohio.  He  served  in  the 
Mexican  war  as  lieutenant  and  captain  of  Ohio 
volunteers,  and  in  the  civil  war  he  was  commis 
sioned  lieutenant  colonel  of  the  llth  Indiana  reg 
iment  under  Col.  Lew  Wallace.  He  was  pro 
moted  colonel  in  September,  1861,  commanded 


[245J 


McGLYNN 


McGOWAN 


his  regiment  in  the  capture  of  Fort  Donelson, 
where  he  distinguished  himself  in  the  assault  on 
the  Confederate  advance  in  which  his  regiment 
regained  the  lost  ground  and  drove  the  Confed 
erates  within  their  works,  and  in  the  1st  brigade, 
3d  division,  at  the  battle  of  Shiloh,  April  6-7,  1802. 
He  was  promoted  brigadier-general  of  volunteers, 
Nov.  29,  1862,  and  had  his  rank  confirmed  by  the 
senate  early  in  1863.  With  a  part  of  his  regiment 
he  took  part  in  the  Yazoo  Pass  expedition  in 
February.  1863.  He  commanded  the  1st  brigade, 
12th  division.  13th  army  corps,  Army  of  the  Ten 
nessee,  in  the  Vicksburg  campaign,  May  1-July 
4,  1863,  and  served  in  the  west  till  the  close  of 
the  war.  He  was  mustered  out  of  service,  Aug. 
24,  1865,  and  settled  in  Indianapolis,  Ind.  He 
was  auditor  for  Marion  county,  Ind.,  1867-71,  and 
in  1897  was  appointed  postmaster  at  Indianapolis, 
Ind. 

McQLYNN,  Edward,  clergyman  and  reformer, 
was  born  in  New  York  city,  Sept.  27,  1837.  He 
attended  the  public  school  and  the  New  York 
Free  Academy  ;  in  1851  was  sent  by  Archbishop 
Hughes  to  Rome,  and  was  graduated  with  the 
degree  of  D.D.  at  the  Urban  college  in  1859.  He 
was  assistant  to  the  provisional  rector  of  the 
North  American  college  in  Rome  in  1859-60,  and 
was  ordained  priest,  March  25,  1860.  On  his 
return  to  New  York,  he  was  successively  as 
sistant  at  St.  Stephen's,  acting  rector  of  St. 
Brigid's,  assistant  at  St.  James's,  and  in  1862 
became  rector  of  St.  Ann's,  which  position  he 
resigned  to  accept  the  military  chaplaincy  of 
the  Central  Park  hospital,  holding  this  position, 
1862-65.  He  became  assistant  at  St.  Stephen's  in 
1865,  and  on  the  death  of  the  Rev.  Dr.  Cunnings, 
Jan.  4,  1866,  he  succeeded  to  the  rectorship.  Un 
der  his  direction,  St.  Stephen's  became  one  of  the 
most  influential  of  the  Roman  Catholic  churches 
of  New  York  city.  Father  McGlynn  held  that 
religious  education  would  be  better  maintained 
by  the  multiplication  of  churches  than  by  in 
creasing  parochial  schools  and  refusing  to  Cath 
olic  youth  the  broader  educational  advantages  of 
the  public  schools.  For  his  views  he  was  severely 
censured  by  the  Propaganda  on  the  ground  that 
his  policy  would  take  th^  religious  instruction 
of  Roman  Catholic  children  out  of  the  control  of 
the  church.  Father  McGlynn  also  upheld  the 
economic  teachings  of  Henry  George  and  sup 
ported  him  actively  in  the  mayoralty  canvass  of 
1886.  disregarding  the  refusal  of  the  Archbishop 
of  New  York  to  allow  him  to  participate  in  the 
debates  incident  to  the  canvass.  Father  Mc 
Glynn  defended  his  position  on  the  ground  of  his 
rights  as  a  citizen  of  the  municipality.  Exagger 
ated  reports  of  his  action  reached  Rome  and  he 
was  ordered  to  abjure  his  doctrines  and  report  in 
person  to  the  pope.  Through  Archbishop  Corri- 


gan  he  asked  to  have  the  objectionable  doctrines 
defined  and  gave  reasonable  excuses  for  declining 
immediately  to  visit  Rome.  Thereupon  he  was 
peremptorily  ordered  to  report  within  sixty  days 
in  person  on  pain  of  excommunication.  In  Jan 
uary,  1887,  he  was  ejected  from  his  church  and 
failing  to  appear  at  Rome,  he  was  excommuni 
cated  in  July,  1887.  He  at  once  organized  the  Anti- 
Poverty  society,  was  elected  its  president  and 
began  a  series  of  public  Sunday  evening  lectures 
in  the  Academy  of  Music,  extending  his  lectures 
to  various  cities  in  the  United  States.  In  1892 
the  pope  delegated  Cardinal  Satolli  to  visit  the 
United  States  and  clothed  him  with  full  power 
to  investigate  the  action  of  the  deposed  priest. 
At  his  request  Dr.  McGlynn  and  Henry  George 
furnished  an  exhaustive  statement  of  their  doc 
trines  and  Satolli  submitted  the  same  to  five 
Roman  Catholic  theologians,  then  included  in  the 
faculty  of  the  University  at  Washington,  who 
decided  that  these  doctrines  contained  nothing 
contrary  to  the  teachings  of  the  church  and  on 
Dec.  24,  1892,  Cardinal  Satolli,  after  endorsing 
the  decision,  absolved  Dr.  McGlynn  and  restored 
him  to  his  priestly  function.  Dr.  McGlynn  said 
mass  in  the  diocese  of  Brooklyn  under  the  direc 
tion  of  Bishop  McDonnell  (q.v.),  1893-94,  and  in 
December,  1894,  the  Archbishop  of  New  York 
acceded  to  his  demand  to  be  received  in  his  own 
diocese  and  he  was  appointed  rector  of  St.  Mary's, 
Newburgh,  N.Y.,  with  the  understanding  that 
on  the  occasion  of  a  vacancy  in  a  New  York  city 
church  he  should  be  returned  to  the  metropolis, 
which  gratification  was  never  accorded  him. 
He  died  in  Newburgh,  N.Y.,  Jan.  2,  1900. 

McQOVERN,  Thomas,  R.  C.  bishop,  was  born 
in  Swanlinbar,  county  Cavan,  Ireland,  in  April, 
1832.  He  was  brought  to  the  United  States  in 
his  infancy  by  his  parents,  who  settled  in 
Pennsylvania.  He  was  graduated  from  Mount 
St.  Mary's  college,  Emmitsburg,  Md.,  A.B.,  1859, 
A.M.,  1862,  studied  theology  at  the  seminary  of 
St.  Charles  Borromeo,  Overbrook,  Pa.,  was  or 
dained  priest,  Dec.  27,  1861.  at  Philadelphia  by 
Bishop  Wood,  and  was  rector  of  St.  Joseph's 
church,  Danville,  Pa.,  for  more  than  twenty 
years.  He  was  consecrated  bishop  of  Harrisburg, 
March  11,  1888,  at  St.  Patrick's  pro-cathedral,  by 
Bishop  O'Hara,  assisted  by  Bishops  Gilmour  arid 
Watterson,  and  retained  the  office  till  his  death, 
which  occurred  in  Harrisburg,  Pa.,  July  25,  1898. 

McGOWAN,  John,  naval  officer,  was  born  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Dec.  3,  1805.  He  went  to  sea 
in  1818  and  was  appointed  3d  lieutenant  in  the 
U.S.  revenue  service,  May  14,  1831.  He  was  pro 
moted  2d  lieutenant,  July  11,  1834;  1st  lieuten 
ant.  Feb.  17,  1841.  and  captain,  Dec.  3,  1852.  He 
served  on  the  revenue  cutter  Jackson  during  the 
Seminole  war,  1836,  and  was  chief  executive  and 


[240] 


McGOWAX 


McCJRAW 


commanding  officer  of  the  revenue  cutter  For  ward 
during  the  war  with  Mexico,  participating  in  the 
attack  on  Tobasco.  He  resigned  his  commission 
in  the  navy  in  1853  and  commanded  one  of  George 
Law's  merchanl  vessels  trading  between  Panama 

and  San  Fran 
cisco.  Upon  the 
outbreak  of  the 
civil  war  lie 
commanded  the 
,U.S.  merchant 
steamer  Star  of 
ike  West  and  was 
detailed  to  land 

,THE     STAR   Of  THE.  WEST. 

provisions       for 

Major  Anderson's  command  at  Fort  Sumter.  He 
arrived  at  Charleston  bar,  Jan.  9.  1861,  at  1.30 
a.m.,  but  was  unable  to  make  a  landing  on 
account  of  the  extreme  darkness.  Confeder 
ate  vessels  were  sent  against  him  at  day 
break  and  he  continued  Ins  course  up  the  channel. 
When  opposite  Fort  Moultrie  a  masked  battery 
on  Morris  Island  under  Capt.  George  D.  James 
opened  fire,  and  as  he  received  no  support  from 
Fort  Sumter  he  was  obliged  to  head  to  sea  to 
avoid  capture.  This  was  the  first  shot  fired  in  the 
civil  war.  He  re-entered  the  U.S.  naval  service 
with  his  former  rank  of  captain,  Aug.  21,  1861, 
held  several  important  commands  and  organized 
and  directed  the  Mosquito  fleet  in  Chesapeake 
bay.  After  the  war  he  was  connected  with  the 
treasury  department  until  his  retirement  in  1871. 
He  died  in  Elizabeth,  N.J.,  Jan.  18,  1891. 

McQOWAN,  Jonas  Hart/ell,  representative, 
was  born  in  Smithtovvn,  Ohio,  April  2,  18.37  ;  son 
of  Samuel  and  Susan  (Hartzell)  McGovvan.  His 
paternal  ancestors  were  Scotch-Irish  and  his 
mother  was  of  German  descent.  His  father  was 
an  early  abolitionist,  and  his  house  was  for 
several  years  a  depot  on  the  ' '  underground  rail 
road."  He  removed  with  his  parents  to  Orland, 
Ind.,  in  1854,  and  was  graduated  from  the  Uni 
versity  of  Michigan,  B.S.,  1861,  M.S.,  1865.  He 
was  married  in  1862  to  Josephine  Pruden.  He 
taught  school  at  Cold  water,  Mich.,  1861-62,  and 
then  enlisted  in  the  5th  Michigan  cavalry  volun 
teers  as  a  private,  subsequently  transferred  to  the 
9th  Michigan  cavalry,  in  which  regiment  he  rose 
to  the  rank  of  captain.  He  was  severely  injured 
at  the  first  engagement  of  that  regiment  in  the 
capture  of  the  Confederate  raider,  John  Morgan, 
at  Salineville,  Ohio,  In  February,  1864,  he  re 
signed  his  commission  and  returned  to  Coldwater, 
where  lie  studied  law  with  the  Hon.  C.  D.  Ran 
dall.  He  was  graduated  from  the  University  of 
Michigan,  LL.B.,  in  1868,  and  was  admitted  to 
the  bar.  He  was  director  of  the  school  board  of 
Coldwater  for  six  years  ;  justice  of  the  peace, 
1865-67  ;  state  senator,  187:5-74  ;  a  regent  of  the 

124 


University  of  Michigan,  .1870-77,  and  a  represent 
ative  in  the  45th  and  46th  congresses,  1877-81. 
He  then  settled  in  the  practice  of  law  in  Wash 
ington,  D.C.  He  received  the  honorary  degree 
of  LL.D.  from  the  University  of  Michigan  in  1901 . 
McQOWAN,  Samuel,  soldier,  was  born  in 
Laurens  district,  S.C..  Aug.  9,  1819.  He  joined 
the  U.S.  army  as  a  private  in  1846  to  take  part  in 
the  war  with  Mexico,  and  he  gained  the  rank  of 
captain  for  his  services,  1846-47.  He  was  a  law 
yer  in  Abbeville,  and  represented  the  district  in 
the  state  legislature,  1848-60.  When  South  Caro 
lina  seceded  in  1860  he  joined  the  provisional 
army  of  the  state,  and  was  given  the  rank  of 
brigadier-general  by  Governor  Pickens.  He 
joined  the  Army  of  Northern  Virginia  in  1862 
as  colonel  of  the  14th  S.C.  regiment,  and 
was  attached  to  Gen.  Maxcy  Gregg's  brigade, 
A.  P.  Hill's  light  division,  Jackson's  corps, 
at  the  battle  of  Manassas,  Aug.  29-30,  1862. 
where  he  was  badly  wounded.  He  rejoined 
his  regiment  in  December,  and  was  present  at  the 
battle  of  Fredericksburg,  Dec.  13,  1862.  In  the 
battle  of  Chancellorville,  May  2-4,  1863,  where  he 
commanded  a  brigade  in  Gen.  A.  P.  Hill's  light 
division,  Jackson's  corps,  he  was  severely  wounded 
a  second  time.  In  the  battles  at  Spottsylvania, 
May  8-21,  1864,  he  commanded  his  brigade  in 
Wilcox's  division,  A.  P.  Hill's  3d  army  corps,  and 
took  part  in  the  hand-to-hand  fight  at  the  bloody 
angle.  He  fought  at  Cold  Harbor,  May  31-June 
12,  1864  ;  at  Petersburg,  June  16,  1864-April  3, 
1865,  and  surrendered  at  Appomattox,  April  9, 
1865.  He  was  a  member  of  the  state  recon 
struction  convention,  and  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  to  the  39th  congress,  but  was  denied 
admission.  He  was  justice  of  the  supreme  court 
of  South  Carolina,  1879-92.  He  died  in  Abbe 
ville,  S.C.,  Aug.  9,  1897. 

McQRAW,  John,  philanthropist,  was  born  in 
Dryden,  N.Y.,  May  22,  1815.  He  removed  to  New 
Hudson,  Mich.,  in  1840,  and  was  a  lumber  mer 
chant  in  Michigan,  Wisconsin  and  Iowa.  He  re 
moved  to  New  York  city  in  1850  and  to  Ithaca, 
N.Y.,  in  18(51.  He  was  a  trustee  of  Cornell  uni 
versity,  1865-77,  and  in  1869-70  caused  to  be 
erected  at  a  cost  of  $150.000  a  building  for  a 
library  and  museum,  which  he  presented  to  the 
university,  and  it  became  the  McGraw  Building. 
He  was  married  to  Rhoda  Charlotte,  daughter  of 
John  South  worth,  and  after  her  death  to  her  sis 
ter,  Nancy  Amelia  South  worth.  His  daughter 
Jennie  was  married  to  Prof.  Daniel  Willard 
Fiske  (q.v.),  and  at  her  death  in  1881  she  be 
queathed  to  Cornell  as  a  library  fund  the  bulk  of 
her  property  amounting  to  about  $1,300,000. 
Her  will  was  contested  by  her  husband,  who  re 
covered  most  of  the  bequest.  John  McGraw  died 
in  Ithaca,  N.Y.,  May  4,  1877. 
"1 


McGEEGORY 


McGUIRE 


McGREQORY,  Joseph  Frank,  educator,  was 
born  in  Wilbraham,  Mass.,  April  11.  1855  ;  son  of 
Joseph  and  Emeline  (Fuller)  McGregory,  and 
grandson  of  Joseph  and  Ruth  (Billings)  Mc 
Gregory  and  of  Henry  Clinton  and  Dorothy 
(Clark)  Fuller,  and  a  descendant  of  Gov.  "William 
Bradford,  and  of  Dr.  Silas  Fuller,  a  Pilgrim 
father.  He  attended  the  common  schools  at 
Wilbraham  and  prepared  for  college  at  Wesleyan 
academy,  Wilbraham,  Mass.  He  was  graduated 
from  Amherst  college.  A.B..  1880,  A.M.,  188:),  and 
did  graduate  work  at  the  Universities  of  Gottin- 
gen  and  Heidelberg,  Germany,  1880-81,  1883-84 
and  1890-90.  He  \vas  instructor  in  chemistry  at 
Amherst  college.  1881-83,  and  was  elected  pro 
fessor  of  chemistry  and  mineralogy  at  Colgate 
university  in  1883.  He  was  married,  Jul}r  12, 
1883,  to  Emma  E.  J.  Hodgkins.  He  was  elected 
a  member  of  the  German  Chemical  society  in 
1883.  the  American  Association  for  the  Advance 
ment  of  Science  in  1886,  the  American  Chemical 
society  in  1893  and  the  London  Chemical  society 
in  1893.  He  is  the  author  of :  Lecture  Notes  on 
General  Chemistry  (1894);  Qualitative  Analysis 
(1899),  and  published  a  number  of  short  papers 
on  various  subjects  in  different  journals. 

McGREW,  James  Clark,  representative,  was 
born  in  Monongalia  county,  Virginia,  Sept.  14, 
1813;  son  of  James  and  Isabella  (Clark)  Mc- 
Grevv  ;  grandson  of  Patrick  McGrew,  and 
great-grandson  of  Ian  (John)  McGrew,  a  High 
land  Scotchman.  He  was  brought  up  on  his 
father's  farm,  received  a  practical  English  edu 
cation,  and  in  1833  engaged  in  merchandising, 
which  he  followed  successfully  until  the  civil 
war  began.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  Virginia 
convention  which  met  in  the  city  of  Richmond 
in  February,  1861,  and  was  one  of  the  "  fifty- 
five  "  who  voted  against  the  ordinance  of  seces 
sion  passed  by  that  body.  With  eleven  other 
delegates  from  western  Virginia  he  was  expelled 
from  the  convention  for  his  active  opposition  to 
secession.  He  was  active  in  organizing  the  new 
state  of  West  Virginia,  and  was  a  member  of  its 
legislature.  1863-65.  He  engaged  in  banking  in 
Kingwood  in  1865,  and  \vas  a  representative  from 
West  Virginia  in  the  41st  and  42d  congresses, 1869- 
73  ;  a  director  of  the  West  Virginia  hospital 
for  the  insane,  1863-70,  and  one  of  the  trus 
tees  of  the  Ohio  Wesleyan  university  for  a  num 
ber  of  years.  He  was  sent  as  a  lay  delegate 
to  the  First  Methodist  (Ecumenical  conference, 
which  met  in  London,  England,  in  September. 
1881. 

McQUFFEY,  William  Holmes,  educator,  was 
born  in  Washington  county.  Pa.,  Sept.  23,  1800; 
son  of  Alexander  and  Anna  (Holmes)  McGuffey. 
His  parents  removed  to  Trumbull  county,  Ohio, 
about  1810,  and  he  was  graduated  from  Washing 


ton  college.  Pa.,  in  1826.  He  was  professor  of 
Latin,  Greek  and  Hebrew  at  Miami  university, 
Ohio,  1826-32  ;  was  licensed  to  preach  by  the 
presbytery  of  Oxford  in  1829  ;  was  professor  of 
mental  philosophy,  philology  and  general  criti 
cism  at  Miami  university,  1834-36  ;  president  of 
Cincinnati  college,  1836-39,  and  of  Ohio  univer 
sity.  1839-43  ;  professor  in  the  Woodward  High 
school,  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  1843-45,  and  professor 
of  mental  and  moral  philosophy  in  the  University 
of  Virginia,  1845-73.  He  was  twice  married, 
first  in  April,  1827,  to  Harriet  Speninty  of  Day 
ton,  Ohio,  and  secondly,  in  1851,  to  Laura  Howard. 
He  received  the  degree  of  D.  D.  from  Washington 
college  in  1842,  and  that  of  LL.D.  elsewhere.  He 
is  the  author  of  McGuffey 's  eclectic  readers  and 
spelling  books.  He  died  at  the  University  of 
Virginia.  Charlotteville,  Va..  May  4,  1873. 

McGUIRE,  Hunter  Holmes,  surgeon,  was  horn 
in  Winchester,  Va.,  Oct.  11,  1835  ;  son  of  Dr.  Hugh 
Holmes  and  Anne  Eliza  (Moss)  McGuire,  and  a 
descendant  of  Thomas  mor  McGuire,  Lord  of 
Fermanagh.  Ireland.  1-J 00-30.  He  attended  Win 
chester  academy  was  graduated  at  Winchester 
Medical  college  in  1855,  and  attended  the  medical 
department  of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania  in 
1856.  He  was  professor  of  anatomy  in  Winches 
ter  Medical  college,  1857-58,  settled  in  Philadel 
phia,  Pa.,  in  1858,  where  he  practised  his  profes 
sion  and  attended  lectures  at  Jefferson  Medical 
college  until  1859.  He  was  graduated  at  the 
Virginia  Medical  college  in  1860,  and  studied 
medicine  in  New  Orleans,  La.,  until  1861.  when 
he  entered  the  Confederate  army.  He  was  ap- 
pointed  medical  director  of  the  Arm}-  of  the 
Shenandoah  and  brigade  surgeon  under  Gen. 
Thomas  J.  Jackson  in  1861.  He  also  served  as 
medical  director  of  the  Army  of  the  Valley,  1S61- 
62.  and  of  the  2d  corps,  Army  of  NortliernVirginia, 
1861-65.  He  was  married  Dec.  19,  1866,  to  Mary, 
daughter  of  Gen.  A.  H.  H.  Stuart  of  Staunton. 
Va.  He  was  professor  of  surgery  in  the  Virginia 
Medical  college,  1866-85,  and  professor  emeritus, 
1885-1900.  He  engaged  in  surgical  practice,  or 
ganized  St.  Luke's  home  for  the  sick,  with  a  train 
ing  school  for  nurses,  and  served  as  chief  surgeon. 
He  was  president  of  the  Association  of  Medical 
Officers  of  the  Confederate  States  in  1875.  vice- 
president  of  the  International  Medical  congress 
in  1876,  of  the  American  Medical  association  in 
1881  ;  president  of  the  American  Surgical  associa 
tion  in  1887,  and  president  of  the  American  Med 
ical  association  in  1802.  He  was  elected  president 
of  the  University  College  of  Medicine  at  Rich 
mond,  Va.,  in  1869.  and  hell  the  office  until  his 
death.  He  received  the  degree  LL.D.  from  the 
University  of  North  Carolina  in  1887,  and  from 
Jefferson  Medical  college,  Philadelphia,  in  1S8(). 
He  contributed  frequently  to  medical  journals, 


[248] 


McGUUK 


McHENRY 


and  to  John  Ashhurst's  "  International  Cyclopae 
dia  of  Surgery"  (1884),  William  Pepper's  "  Sys 
tem  of  Medicine''  (1885-87),  and  the  American 
edition  of  Holmes'  "  Surgery."  He  also  published 
an  account  of  the  circumstances  of  the  death  of 
Gen.  T.  J.  Jackson,  whom  he  attended.  He  died 
in  Richmond,  Va.,  Sept.  19,1900. 

McQURK,  Edward  A.,  educator,  was  born  in 
New  York  city,  Oct.  6,  1841.  His  parents  were 
natives  of  Ireland.  He  pursued  the  classical 
course  at  St.  Joseph's  college.  Philadelphia,  and 
became  a  member  of  the  Society  of  Jesus,  July 
20.  18.~»7.  Il>  was  professor  of  classics  at  Holy 

-    •  HOLY    CROSS   COLLEGE.-- 


£*i!L"i>imiiui!Lii  § 

.•*J*;MJ.-,V  v^*!-  JILL I J  !'!  I  il 


Cross  college,  Worcester,  Mass.,  1801-66  ;  studied 
philosophy  and  theology  at  Georgetown  univer 
sity,  Washington,  D.C.,  and  Woodstock  college, 
Md.,  1866-72  ;  was  ordained  priest,  June  29,  1872, 
by  Cardinal  Gibbons,  then  bishop  of  Richmond  ; 
was  professor  of  belles-lettres  in  Boston  college 
and  Holy  Cross  college,  1872-77,  and  was  made 
president  of  Lozola  college,  Baltimore,  Md..Oct. 
10,  1877  ;  of  Gonzaga  college,  Washington,  D.C., 
Aug.  21,  1885,  and  of  Holy  Cross  college,  Worces 
ter,  July  11,  1893.  He  was  relieved  of  office  on 
account  of  ill  health,  July  6,  1895,  and  died  in  the 
Boston  College  Villa,  Mass.,  July  3,  1896. 

MACHEBEUF,  Joseph  Projectus,  R.C.  bishop, 
was  born  at  Riom,  Puy-de-Dome,  Clermont, 
France,  Aug.  11,  1812.  He  attended  the  schools 
of  Riom  and  was  graduated  from  Riom  col 
lege,  and  in  theology  from  the  Snlpician  seminary 
of  Montferran  in  1836  ;  was  ordained  priest  by 
Mgr.  Louis  Charles  Teron.  at  Clermont,  France, 
Dec.  21,  1836.  He  engaged  in  missionary  work  in 
France,  1836-39,  and  then  came  to  the  United 
States  at  the  request  of  Bishop  Purcell,  of  Cincin 
nati,  and  assisted  him  in  his  diocese.  He  was  pas 
tor  of  a  church  at  Sandusky,  Ohio,  1840-52  :  served 
in  New  Mexico,  1852-60,  part  of  the  time  as  vicar- 
general.  He  went  to  Colorado  in  1860,  where  he 
was  thrown  from  his  carriage  and  crippled  for 
life.  He  was  appointed  vicar-general  of  the  ter 
ritory  and  built  the  first  church  in  Denver,  Col. 
He  established  villages,  bnilt  churches  to  the 
number  of  eighteen  and  supplied  priests  for  them, 
also  founded  the  Convent  of  the  Sisters  of  Loretto 
and  a  school  for  boys  in  Denver  before  the  estab 


lishment  of  the  territory  as  a  vicarate-apostolic, 
1868.  He  was  consecrated  titular  bishop  of 
Epiphania  and  vicar-apostolic  of  Colorado  and 
Utah,  Aug.  16,  1868,  at  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  by 
Archbishop  Purcell,  assisted  by  Bishops  Rappe 
and  Goesbriaiid.  He  was  promoted  bishop  of 
Denver,  on  the  erection  of  that  see  in  1887.  He 
died  in  Denver,  Col.,  Aug.  10,  1889. 

MACHEN,  Willis  Benson,  senator,  was  born 
in  Caldwell  county,  Ky.,  April  5,  1810  ;  son  of 
Henry  and  Nancy  (Tarrant)  Machen.  He  was  a 
student  at  Cumberland  college,  Princeton,  Ky., 
and  settled  in  Eddyville,  Ky.,  where  he  engaged 
in  farming.  He  was  married  to  Margaret  A., 
daughter  of  Chittenden  and  granddaughter  of 
Col.  Matthew  Lyon.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the 
state  constitutional  convention,  1849-50  ;  a  state 
senator,  1854-55;  and  a  state  representative,  1856- 
57  and  1860-61.  He  was  a  representative  from 
Kentucky  in  the  1st  and  2d  Confederate  con 
gresses,  February,  1862,  to  April,  1865.  He  was  ap 
pointed  U.S.  senator  by  Governor  Leslie  to  fill 
the  vacancy  caused  by  the  death  ofGarrett  Davis 
in  1872,  and  took  his  seat,  Dec.  2,  1872,  serving 
out  the  term  of  Senator  Davis  which  expired 
March  3,  1873.  He  then  resumed  farming.  In 
the  Democratic  national  convention  at  Baltimore, 
July  9,  1872,  his  name  was  presented  by  the 
delegates  from  Kentucky  for  the  nomination  for 
Vice-President  of  the  United  States  and  in  the 
election  in  1873  he  received  one  electoral  vote  for 
the  office.  He  was  made  a  member  of  the  Ken 
tucky  railroad  commission  in  1880  and  served  the 
full  term.  He  was  joint  owner  of  several  iron 
furnaces  in  Lyon  county  and  it  was  at  one  of  his 
furnaces  that  William  Kelly  invented  the  process 
of  making  steel  rails.  He  died  in  Eddyville, 
Lyon  county.  Ky.,  Sept.  29,1893. 

McHENRY,  James,  delegate,  was  born  in 
Bally mena.  county  Antrim,  Ireland,  Nov.  16, 
1753  ;  son  of  Daniel  and  Agnes  Mcllenry.  He 
received  a  lim 


ited 

education  in 
Dublin,  and  in 
1771  visited 
America  for  his 
health  and  de 
cided  to  remain. 
His  father  and 
younger  brother 
John  followed 
him  in  a  short  fl 
time  and  estab 
lished  them- 

(e>      ~ -~~s& —z^.  ••  *^^-\V'-'  *.i  •.viY'*-^- 

selves  in  busi- 
ness  in  Baltimore.  James  attended  Newark  aca 
demy,  Delaware,  in  1772,  and  then  studied  medi 
cine  under  Dr.  Benjamin  Rush  of  Philadelphia,  Pa. 


McHENRY 


McllENRY 


He  joined  the  Continental  army  under  Washing 
ton  in  the  latter  part  of  1775,  as  an  assistant  sur 
geon,  and  in  January.  1776,  was  in  attendance  at 
the  American  hospital,  Cambridge,  Mass.  He  was 
commissioned  by  congress  medical  director  ;  was 
made  surgeon  of  the  5th  Pennsylvania  battalion, 
Col.  Robert  Magaw,  Aug.  10, 1776,  and  was  recom 
mended  by  congress,  Oct.  26, 1776,  to  an  appoint 
ment  to  the  first  vacancy  in  a  surgeon's  berth  in 
any  of  the  government  hospitals.  He  was  taken 
prisoner  upon  the  capture  of  Fort  Washington, 
N.Y..  in  November,  1776,  was  released  on  parole, 
Jan.  27,  1777,  and  was  exchanged  March  5,  1778. 
He  served  as  a  secretary  on  the  staff  of  Gen. 
Washington  from  May  15,  1778,  until  August, 
1780,  when  he  was  assigned  to  the  staff  of  Gen. 
Lafayette,  as  aide-de-camp,  and  served  until  the 
close  of  the  war.  He  was  with  Lafayette  when 
Arnold's  treason  was  discovered,  and  made  Wash 
ington's  apologies  to  Mrs.  Arnold  for  delaying 
breakfast  on  the  morning  of  Sept.  24,  1780,  when 
Arnold  was  riding  to  reach  the  British  line.  He 
was  promoted  major,  May  30,  1781,  his  commis 
sion  to  date  from  October.  1780.  He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Maryland  senate,  1781-86 ;  delegate 
from  Maryland  to  the  Continental  congress,  1783- 
86,  and  to  the  convention  that  framed  the  consti 
tution  of  the  United  States  in  1787,  and  a  member 
of  the  Maryland  convention  which  ratified  the 
constitution  in  April,  1788.  -He  was  a  member  of 
the  house  of  delegates  of  Maryland,  1788-91  ;  state 
senator,  1791-96,  and  was  appointed  by  President 
Washington  in  January,  1796,  secretary  of  war 
to  fill  the  vacancy  caused  by  the  promotion  of 
Timothy  Pickering  to  the  office  of  secretary  of 
state.  He  placed  the  country  in  readiness  for 
war  during  his  secretaryship,  which  extended 
into  President  Adams's  administration  by 
building  frigates,  armories  and  arsenals,  and  by 
establishing  the  U.S.  Military  academy  at  West 
Point,  N.Y.  He  resigned  the  secretaryship  in 
May,  1800,  and  retired  from  public  life.  Fort 
McHenry,  commanding  Baltimore  harbor,  was 
named  in  his  honor.  He  was  married,  Jan.  8, 1784, 
to  Margaret,  daughter  of  David  Caldwell  of 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  was  president  of  the  Mary 
land  Bible  society  in  1813.  He  published :  A 
Directory  of  the  bit//  of  Baltimore,  Md.  (1807), 
and  Tlie  Three  Patriots  (1811),  which  portrayed 
the  characters  of  Jefferson,  Madison  and  Monroe. 
He  died  in  Baltimore,  Md.,  May  3,  1816. 

McHENRY,  James,  author,  was  born  in  Lame, 
county  Antrim,  Ireland.  Dec.  20,  1785.  His 
father,  a  merchant,  died  when  James  was  a  boy. 
He  was  graduated  from  the  University  of  Dublin 
and  received  a  diploma  from  the  college  at  Glas 
gow,  Scotland.  He  settled  in  the  practice  of 
medicine  in  Larne,  Ireland,  and  from  there  re 
moved  to  Belfast.  He  immigrated  to  the  United 


States  with  his  wife  and  family  and  was  in  Balti 
more,  Md..  1818;  Butler  county,  Pa.,  1819-24; 
Pittsburg,  Pa.,  1824-26,  and  settled  in  Philadel 
phia,  where  he  practised  medicine  and  carried  on 
a  dry-goods  business,  which  was  superintended 
by  his  wife.  1826-40.  He  was  U.S.  consul  at 
Londonderry,  1842-45.  After  1848  he  devoted 
himself  to  literary  work,  and  his  residence 
at  36  South  Second  street,  Philadelphia,  was  the 
haunt  of  literary  men.  He  edited  the  American 
Monthly  Magazine,  for  which  he  wrote  "O'Hal- 
loran  or  the  Insurgent,  a  Romance  of  the  Irish 
Rebellion."  He  is  the  author  of  :  The  Pleasure 
of  Friendship,  poems  (1823);  Walt  ham,  an  Amer 
ican  Revolutionary  Tale  in  Three  Cantos  (1823) ; 
Jackson's  Wreath,  poem  (1829)  ;  Tlie.  Antedilu 
vians,  or  the  World  Destroyed,  a  narrative  poem 
(1840);  The  Wilderness,  or  Braddock's  Times,  a 
Tale  of  the  West  (2  vols.,  1823);  A  Spectre  of 
tJie  Forest,  or  Annals  of  the  Honsatonic,  (2  vols., 
1823);  The  Hearts  of  Steel,  an  Irish  Historical 
Tale  of  the  Last  Century  (2  vols.,  1825);  The 
Betrothed  of  Wyoming  (2d  ed.,  1830);  Meredith, 
or  the  Mystery  of  tlie  Mescheanza,a  Tale  of  the 
Revolution  (\831);  and  The  Usurper,  an  Irish  his 
torical  tragedy  in  five  acts  (1829).  He  died  in 
Philadelphia.  Pa..  July  21,  1845. 

McHENRY,  John  Hardin,  representative,  was 
born  in  Washington  county,  Ky.,  Oct.  13,  1797  ; 
son  of  the  Rev.  Barnabas  and  Sarah  (Hardin) 
McIIenry,  and  grandson  of  the  Rev.  Francis  Mc 
Henry,  who  came  from  Ireland,  settled  in  New 
Jersey  and  preached  in  Virginia,  and  of  Col.  John 
and  Jane  (Daviess)  Hardin.  He  was  educated 
for  the  law  and  became  prominent  at  the  bar ; 
was  a  member  of  the  state  legislature  from  Ohio 
county,  1840,  and  a  Whig  representative  from 
the  second  Kentucky  district  in  the  28th  and 
29th  congresses,  1843-47.  He  also  represented 
Ohio  and  Hancock  counties  in  the  state  constitu 
tional  convention  in  1849.  His  eldest  son,  Henry 
D.  McHenry.  was  a  representative  from  his 
county  in  the  state  legislature  ;  a  member  of  the 
state  senate  ;  a  representative  in  the  42d  congress, 
1871-73,  and  a  member  of  the  state  constitutional 
convention  of  1891.  He  was  also  district  delegate 
to  several  Democratic  national  conventions,  and 
for  a  number  of  years  a  member  of  the  national 
executive  committee.  Another  son.  Col.  John 
Hardin  McHenry,  commanded  the  17th  Kentucky 
volunteers  in  the  U.S.  army.  1861-62,  gaining 
distinction  at  the  battle  of  Fort  Donelson,  and 
was  dismissed  from  the  U.S.  service,  Dec.  9, 
1862,  for  issuing  an  order  returning  slaves  to  their 
masters  from  his  camp  in  violation  of  an  addi 
tional  article  of  war.  A  third  son,  W.  Estell 
McHenry,  represented  Daviess  county  in  the  Ken 
tucky  legislature.  John  llardin  McHenry  died 
in  Owensboro,  Ky.,  Nov.  1,  1871. 
;350] 


MclLHENNEY 


McILVAINE 


MclLHENNEY,  Charles  Morgan,  artist,  was 
born  in  Philadelphia.  Pa.,  April  4,  1858  ;  son  of 
James  L,and  Margaret  Mcllhenney,  and  grandson 
of  Dr.  Joseph  E.  and  Eliza  Mcllhenney.  He  was 
-educated  in  the  public  schools  of  Philadelphia, 
and  then  turned  his  attention  to  art,  studying 
painting  under  Frank  Briscoe,  and  anatomy  in 
the  Philadelphia  Academy  of  Fine  Arts  in  1877. 
He  \vas  on  a  sketching  tour  in  the  South  Pacific, 
1878-81,  and  on  his  return  settled  in  New  York 
city.  He  was  married,  April  24,  1888,  to  Ada, 
daughter  of  James  and  Emeline  Ingersoll,  of 
Shrub  Oak,  N.Y.  He  was  elected  an  associate  of 
the  National  Academy  of  Design,  and  was  a  reg 
ular  exhibitor  there  from  1882.  He  was  also  a 
member  of  the  American  Water-Color  society 
and  a  contributor  to  its  annual  exhibitions,  re 
ceiving  the  W.  T.  Evans  prize  in  1892.  He  re 
ceived  the  first  Hallgarten  prize  from  the  Na 
tional  Academy  in  1893,  and  medals  at  the 
World's  Columbian  exhibition  in  1893.  Among 
his  pictures  are:  Old  Friends  (1891);  On-  the 
Beach  (1891);  Grey  Morning  (1892);  September  in 
the  Marshes  (1893). 

McILVAINE,  Abraham  Robinson,  represent 
ative,  was  born  in  Crum  Creek,  Del.,  Aug.  14, 
1804  ;  son  of  James  and  Mary  (Robinson)  Moll- 
vaine  ;  grandson  of  John  and  Lydia  (Barnard) 
Mcllvaine  and  of  Abraham  Robinson  of  Naaman's 
Creek,  Del.,  and  great  grandson  of  James  Mcll 
vaine,  a  native  of  Antrim,  Ireland,  who  settled 
in  Delaware  about  1740,  of  Thomas  and  Sarah 
(Pen rose)  Robinson,  and  of  Richard  Barnard  of 
•Chester  county,  Pa.  He  was  given  a  practical 
education  and  became  a  farmer  on  the  Brandy- 
wine  river,  Pa.,  in  1833.  He  was  a  representative 
in  the  state  legislature,  1837-38  ;  a  Whig  presi 
dential  elector  in  1840  ;  a  representative  in  the 
28th,  29th  and  30th  congresses,  1843-49,  where  he 
opposed  the  annexation  of  Texas,  and  was  the 
first  representative  to  vote  against  an  appropria 
tion  for  the  military  occupation  of  the  disputed 
territory  already  incurred  by  the  act  of  the  Pres 
ident,  and  he  declined  to  vote  on  the  act  declar 
ing  war  with  Mexico,  and  voted  against  every 
appropriation  for  the  prosecution  of  the  war.  He 
retired  to  his  farm  in  1849  and  served  as  presi 
dent  of  the  Agricultural  society  of  Chester  and 
Delaware  counties.  He  was  married  to  Anna 
(Garrison,  daughter  of  Peter  and  Elizabeth  (Gal- 
vert)  Mulvaney  of  Belmont  county,  Ohio.  He 
died  at  "  Springton,"  his  farm,  in  Chester  county, 
Pa.,  August.  1803. 

McILVAINE,  Charles  Pettit,  second  bishop  of 
Ohio  and  28th  in  succession  in  the  American 
episcopate,  was  born  in  Burlington,  N.J.,  Jan.  18, 
1799;  son  of  Joseph  (q.v.)  and  Maria  (Reed)  Mc 
llvaine.  He  was  graduated  at  the  College  of 
New  Jersey,  A.B.,  1810,  A.M.,  1819;  studied  at 


the  Princeton  Theological  seminary,  1817-18  ;  was 
ordered  deacon  at  St.  Peter's  church,  Philadel 
phia,  June  28,  1820,  and  was  advanced  to  the 
priesthood  by  Bishop  Kemp  in  St.  Paul's  church, 
Baltimore.  Md.,  March  20,  1821.  He  was  rector 
of  Christ  church, 
Georgetown,  D.C., 
1820-25  ;  professor  of 
ethics  and  chaplain 
of  the  U.S.  Military 
academy.  West  Point, 
N.Yi,  1825-27;  rector 
of  St.  Ann's  church, 
Brooklyn,  N.Y.,  1827 
-33,  and  professor  of 
evidences  of  revealed 
religion  in  the  Uni 
versity  of  the  City  of 
New  York,  1832-33. 
He  was  elected  bishop 
of  Ohio  to  succeed 
the  Rt.  Rev.  Philan 
der  Chase,  who  resigned  in  1831,  and  was  con 
secrated  Oct.  31,  1832,  in  St.  Paul's  chapel, 
New  York  city,  by  Bishops  "White,  Griswold  and 
Meade.  He  also  succeeded  Bishop  Chase  as  pres 
ident  of  Kenyon  college,  serving  1832-40,  and  was 
the  head  of  Bexley  Hall,  the  Theological  school 
of  Kenyon  college,  by  virtue  of  his  office  as  bishop 
of  the  diocese.  He  was  a  member  of  tha  U.S. 
sanitary  commission,  1861-65,  and  was  sent  to 
Europe  with  Thurlovv  Weed  and  Bishop  John 
Hughes  on  a  mission  for  the  government  during 
the  civil  war.  He  also  attended  the  Pan-Angli 
can  council  in  London,  England,  in  1867.  He 
was  given  a  coadjutor  in  the  person  of  the  Rt. 
Rev.  Gregory  T.  Bedell,  consecrated  Oct.  13, 1859. 
He  visited  Europe,  1872-73,  for  the  benefit  of  his 
health,  and  died  while  abroad  and  was  succeeded 
by  Bishop  Bedell.  He  received  the  honorary  de 
gree  of  D.D.  from  the  College  of  New  Jersey  and 
from  Brown  university  in  1832 ;  D.C.L.  from 
Oxford  in  1853  ;  and  LL.D.  from  Cambridge  in 
1858  and  from  Oxford  in  1867.  He  is  the 
author  of :  The  Evidences  of  Christianity  in 
their  External  or  'Historical  Division  (1832); 
Oxford  Divinity  Compared  ivith  that  of  the 
Romish  and  Anglican  Churches  (1841) ;  The  Holy 
Catholic  Church  (1844)  ;  No  Priest,  no  Altar, 
no  Sacrifice  but  Christ  (1846);  The  Sinner's 
Justification  before  God  (1851);  Valedictory 
Offerings  (1853):  The  Truth  and  the  Life  (1854); 
The  True  Temple  ( \ 86 1 ) ;  The  Work  of  Preaching 
Christ  (1864)  ;  Righteousness  by  Faith  (18G4).  He 
died  in  Florence,  Italy.  March  13,  1873. 

McILVAINE,  Joseph,  senator,  was  born  in 
Bristol,  Pa.,  in  1765  ;  son  of  Joseph  Mcllvaine,  a 
colonel  in  the  Revolutionary  service,  and  grand 
son  of  William  and  Anne  (Emerson)  Mcllvaine 


[251] 


McILVAIXE 


MelNDOE 


of  Scotland,  who  came  to  America  and  settled  in 
Pennsylvania.  Joseph  attended  the  local  acad 
emy,  studied  law,  settled  in  practice  in  Burling 
ton  in  1791,  was  clerk  of  the  courts  of  Bur 
lington  county,  1800-23,  and  was  appointed  U.S. 
attorney  for  the  district  of  New  Jersey  by  Presi 
dent  Jefferson,  serving,  1801-20.  He  was  ap 
pointed  judge  of  the  superior  court  of  New  Jersey 
in  1818,  but  declined  the  appointment  and  was 
elected  to  the  U.S.  senate  from  New  Jersey  as 
a  Democrat  to  take  the  place  of  Samuel  L.  South 
ard,  who  had  resigned,  and  he  served  from  Dec. 
1,  1823,  until  his  death.  He  became  a  captain  in 
McPherson's  Regiment  of  Blues  in  1798.  and  aide- 
de-camp  to  Gov.  Joseph  Bloomtield  in  1804.  He 
was  married  to  Maria,  daughter  of  Bowes  Reed 
of  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  died  in  Burlington,  N.J., 
Aug.  19.  182(5. 

McILVAINE,  Joshua  Hall,  educator,  was  horn 
in  Lewes,  Del.,  March  4,  1815.  He  was  prepared 
for  college  at  Wilmington,  Del.,  matriculated  at 
Lafayette  with  the  class  of  1837,  changed  to 
Princeton,  and  was  graduated  from  the  College 
of  New  Jersey,  A.B.,  1837,  and  from  Princeton 
Theological  seminary  in  1840.  He  was  licensed 
to  preach  in  1839.  He  served  as  stated  supply 
at  the  Second  church,  Freehold,  N.J.,  and  the 
First  church,  Paterson,  N.J. ,  and  was  pastor  at 
Little  Falls,  N.Y.,  1841-42.  He  was  ordained  by 
the  presbytery  of  Albany,  June  28, 1842,  removed 
to  Utica,  N.Y.,  in  1843,  and  organized  the  West 
minster  Presbyterian  church,  the  first  of  that 
name  in  the  United  States,  and  the  first  organ 
ized  with  a  rotary  eldership  in  the  Presbyterian 
denomination.  He  ministered  there  until  1848. 
He  was  pastor  of  the  Presbyterian  church, 
Rochester,  N.Y.,  1848-60  ;  was  professor  of  belle- 
lettres  at  the  College  of  New  Jersey,  1860-70  ; 
pastor  of  the  High  Street  church,  Newark,  N.J. , 
1870-87 ;  founded  Evelyn  college  for  girls  at 
Princeton,  N.J.,  in  1887.  and  was  president  of  the 
institution,  1888-97.  He  delivered  a  course  of 
lectures  on  comparative  philology  and  ethnology 
at  the  Smithsonian  Institution  in  1859,  and  a 
course  on  social  science  in  Philadelphia  under  the 
auspices  of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania  in 
1869.  He  declined  the  professorship  of  social 
science  in  the  University  of  Pennsylvania  in  1869. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  American  Oriental  so 
ciety,  and  received  the  degree  D.D.  from  the 
University  of  Rochester,  N.Y..  in  1854.  He  con 
tributed  to  the  Princeton  Review  and  other 
periodicals  and  is  the  author  of  :  The  Tree  of  the 
Knowledge  of  Good  and  Evil  (1854);  Elocution, 
the  Source  and  Elements  of  its  Power  (1870) ;  The 
Wisdom  of  Holy  Scripture,  with  Reference  to 
Sceptical  Objections  (1883);  The  Wisdom  of  the 
Apocalypse  (18SQ) ,  and  various  magazine  articles. 
He  died  in  Rochester,  N.Y.,  Jan.  30,  1897. 


McILWAlNE,  Richard,  educator,  was  born 
in  Petersburg,  Va.,  May  20,  1834  :  son  of  Archi 
bald  Graham  and  Martha  (Dunn)  Mcllwaine,  and 
grandson  of  Richard  and  Jane  (Graham)  Mcll 
waine  and  of  Robert  and  Ann  (Strawbridge) 
Dunn.  He  attended  the  Petersburg  Classical 
institute  and  was  graduated  from  Hampden-Sid- 
ney  college,  A.B.,  1853,  A.M.,  1856,  and  in  moral 
philosophy  and  German  at  the  University  of  Vir 
ginia,  1855.  He  was  a  student  at  the  Union 
Theological  Seminary  of  Virginia.  1856-57,  and 
at  the  Free  Church  college  at  Edinburgh,  Scot 
land,  1857-58.  He  was  licensed  to  preach  by  the 
East  Hanover  presbytery,  Va.,  in  April,  1857, 
and  was  ordained  pastor  of  Amelia  church  in 
December,  1858.  He  was  lieutenant  and  chap 
lain  of  the  44th  Virginia  volunteers,  1861-62 ; 
pastor  of  the  Farmville  church,  Va.,  1863-70; 
pastor  of  the  First  Presbyterian  church  atLynch- 
burg,  1870-72 ;  secretary  and  treasurer  of  the 
home  and  foreign  missions  of  the  Southern  Pres 
byterian  church,  1872-83,  and  a  member  of  the 
constitutional  convention  of  the  state  of  Virginia 
of  1901,  representing  Prince  Edward  county.  He 
was  elected  president  of  Humpden-Sidney  college, 
in  1883,  which  position  he  still  held  in  1901.  The 
honorary  degree  of  D.D.  was  conferred  on  him 
by  Stuart  college.  Tennessee,  in  1873.  and  LL.D. 
by  Davidson  college,  N.C.,  in  1900.  He  was  mar 
ried  May  14,  1857,  to  Elizabeth  Read.  His  sons, 
Archibald  G.  and  Clement  R. ,  practised  law  at 
Tyler.  Texas,  and  Knoxville,  Tenn.,  respectively. 

McINDOE,  Walter  Duncan,  representative, 
was  born  in  Dumbartonshire,  Scotland,  March  30, 
1819;  son  of  Hugh  and  Catharine  (McCrae)  Mc- 
Indoe.  He  attended  school  in  Dumbartonshire 
until  1836,  when  he  removed  to  New  York,  where 
he  was  a  bookkeeper  until  1840.  He  followed  the 
same  pursuit  in  Virginia  and  Charleston,  S.C.. 
1840-42,  and  in  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  1842-45.  He 
was  married,  Feb.  20,  1845,  to  Catherine  H.  Tay 
lor,  of  Florisant,  Mo.  In  the  fall  of  1*45  lie  re 
moved  to  Wausau,  Marathon  county,  Wis.,  where 
he  engaged  in  lumbering.  He  represented  his 
district  in  the  st.'ite  legislature  in  1850  and 
1854-55,  and  was  an  unsuccessful  candidate  for 
governor  of  Wisconsin  in  1857.  He  was  elected 
a  Republican  representative  to  the  37th  congress 
to  fill  the  vacancy  caused  by  the  death  of  Luther 
Hanchett  in  December,  1862,  and  was  re-elected 
to  the  38th  and  39th  congresses,  serving  from 
Jan.  26,  1863,  till  March  3,  1867.  He  was  chair 
man  of  the  committee  on  Revolutionary  pensions 
in  the  39th  congress.  He  was  a  presidential  elec 
tor  on  the  Fremont  and  Dayton  ticket  in  1856  : 
the  Lincoln  and  Hamlin  ticket  in  1860,  and  the. 
Grant  and  Colfax  ticket  in  1872,  and  a  delegate  to 
the  Philadelphia  "  Loyalists' convention  "  of  1866. 
He  died  at  Wausau,  Wis.,  Aug.  22,  1872. 


McINTIRE 


McINTOSH 


McINTIRE,  Rufus,  representative,  was  born 
in  York,  Maine,  Dec.  19,  1784.  He  taught  school  ; 
attended  the  South  Berwick  academy ;  was 
graduated  from  Dartmouth  in  1809,  and  was  ad 
mitted  to  tVie  bar  in  1812.  He  was  a  captain  in 
the  Massachusetts  militia,  served  on  the  frontier 
throughout  the  war  of  1812,  and  in  1815  returned 
to  the  practice  of  his  profession  in  York,  Maine. 
He  was  a  delegate  to  the  Brunswick  convention  ; 
a  representative  in  the  state  legislature  at  its 
first  assembly  ;  county  attorney,  and  a  represent 
ative  from  Maine  in  the  20th-23d  congresses. 
1827-35.  He  was  appointed  a  boundary  commis 
sioner  in  1826  ;  served  as  land  agent,  1839-41,  and 
was  U.S.  marshal  for  Maine  and  surveyor  of  the 
port  of  Portsmouth  for  four  years.  He  was  an 
overseer  of  Bowdoin  college,  1821-60.  He  died 
in  Parsonsfield,  Maine,  April  28,  1866. 

McINTOSH,  James  McKay,  naval  officer,  was 
born  in  Mclntosh  county,  Ga.,  in  1792;  son  of 
Lachlan  and  —  —  (Stuart)  Mclntosh  ;  grand 

son  of  Col.  William  and  Mary  (MacKay)  Mcln 
tosh,  and  great-grandson  of  John  Mohr  and  Mar 
jory  (Fraser)  Mclntosh.  He  was  appointed  mid 
shipman  in  the  U.S.  navy,  Sept.  1,  1811,  and 
served  through  the  war  of  1812,  participating  in 
the  engagement  between  the  Enterprise  and  the 
Boxer  in  December,  1813.  He  was  promoted 
lieutenant,  April  1,  1818  ;  was  attached  to  the  ex 
pedition  to  the  West  Indies  against  pirates  in 
1820,  and  was  captured  by  Lafitte,  and  only  es 
caped  being  burned  at  the  stake  by  the  interven 
tion  of  the  pirates  theinselves  when  he  refused  to 
carry  an  order  of  the  pirate  chieftain  to  his  com 
mander.  He  was  promoted  commander,  Feb.  28, 
1838  ;  captain,  Sept.  5,  1849  ;  commanded  the  U.S. 
frigate  Congress.,  of  the  Brazil  squadron,  1851-52, 
and  was  transferred  to  the  home  squadron  as  flag 
officer  in  1857.  While  serving  with  the  home 
squadron  in  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  he  prevented  the 
British  fleet  from  continuing  to  board  and  search 
U.S.  vessels,  and  he  received  the  thanks  of  con 
gress  for  this  service  in  1858.  He  died  in  War- 
rington,  Fla.,  Sept.  1,  1860. 

McINTOSH,  James  McQueen,  soldier,  was 
born  at  Tampa,  Fla.,  in  1828  ;  son  of  Col.  James 
Simmons  Mclntosh  (q.  v.).  He  was  graduated 
from  the  U.S.  Military  academy  and  brevetted 
2d  lieutenant,  1st  infantry,  July  1,  1849.  He 
served  on  frontier  duty  at  Fort  Duncan,  Texas, 
and  in  escorting  Col.  Albert  Sidney  Johnston's 
topographical  party,  1849-52  ;  was  promoted  2d 
lieutenant  in  the  8th  infantry,  May  15,  1851  ; 
served  at  Fort  Chadbourne,  Fort  Clark,  Fort 
Bliss  and  in  the  escort  of  the  commanding  gen 
eral  of  the  department  of  Texas,  1852-55.  He 
was  transferred  from  Fort  Bliss  to  Fort  Leaven- 
worth,  Kan.,  1855  ;  was  promoted  1st  lieutenant, 
1st  cavalry,  March  5,  1855  ;  served  in  the  Sioux  ex- 


pedition  and  in  quelling  the  Kansas  disturbances, 
1855-56,  and  on  recruiting  service,  1856-57.  He 
was  promoted  captain  of  the  1st  cavalry,  Jan. 
16,  1857  ;  participated  in  the  Cheyenne  expedi 
tion,  and  in  the  combat  with  the  Indians  at  Sol 
omon's  Fork,  July 
29,  1857.  He  was  sta 
tioned  at  Fort  Riley, 
Kan.,  in  1858,  and 
ordered  to  Fort  Ar- 
buckle,  Ind.  Ty..  to 
which  he  marched 
by  the  way  of  Fort 
Kearny,  Neb.  He  was 
ordered  to  Fort  Cobb, 
Ind.  Ty..  in  1859.  and 
participated  in  the 
Kiowa  and  Comanche 
expeditions  in  1860. 
He  was  in  garrison 
at  Fort  Jefferson, 
Mo.,  in  1860  :  on 

frontier  duty  at  Fort  Smith,  Ark.,  1860-61,  and 
on  leave  of  absence  in  1861.  He  resigned 
from  the  U.S.  army,  May  7,  1861,  and  joined  the 
Confederate  forces  in  Missouri  as  colonel  of  the 
2d  Arkansas  mounted  riflemen  and  was  attached 
to  McCulloch's  brigade  at  the  battle  of  Wilson's 
Creek,  Aug.  10,  1861.  He  was  promoted  to  the 
rank  of  brigadier-general  and  commanded  the 
cavalry  brigade  of  McCulloch's  division,  made  up 
of  Arkansas  and  Texas  troops,  in  the  battle  of 
Pea  Ridge,  March  7,  1862,  and  he  fell  with  the 
commander  of  his  division  while  leading  in  the 
assault  on  Osterhaus's  division,  supported  by  two 
batteries.  He  died  on  the  battle-field  of  Pea 
Ridge  (Elkhorn  Tavern),  March  7,  1862. 

McINTOSH,  James  Simmons,  soldier,  was 
born  in  Liberty  county,  Ga.,  June  19,  1787;  son 
of  Gen.  John  (q.  v.)  and  Sarah  (Swintori)  Mc 
lntosh.  He  was  appointed  from  Georgia  2d  lieu 
tenant  in  a  rifle  regiment  Nov.  13, 1812  ;  was  pro 
moted  1st  lieutenant,  Dec.  21,  1813,  and  served  in 
the  Creek  war,  being  seriously  wounded  at  Black 
Rock  in  1814.  His  regiment  was  disbanded  June 
15,  1815,  and  he  was  reinstated  in  the  U.S.  army 
Dec.  2,  1815.  He  was  promoted  captain  March 
8,  1817  ;  was  transferred  to  the  ordnance  depart 
ment,  Sept.  11,  1818,  and  to  the  4th  infantry 
June  1,  1821.  He  was  promoted  major  and  trans 
ferred  to  the  7th  infantry,  Sept.  21,  1836,  and 
lieutenant-colonel,  and  transferred  to  the  5th  in 
fantry.  July  1,  1839.  In  the  Mexican  war  he  was 
in  the  battle  of  Palo  Alto  ;  was  severely  wounded 
at  Resaca  de  la  Palma  ;  commanded  a  brigade  in 
the  valley  of  Mexico,  and  was  mortally  wounded 
at  the  attack  on  Molino  del  Rey  while  leading 
his  men.  He  was  brevetted  major  March  8.  1827, 
for  ten  years'  faithful  service  in  one  grade,  and 

253] 


McINTOSII 


McINTOSH 


colonel  May  9,  1840,  for  gallant  and  distinguished 
service  at  Palo  Alto  and  Resuca  de  la  Pahna.  He 
died  in  the  city  of  Mexico,  Sept.  26,  1847. 

McINTOSH,  John,  soldier,  was  born  in  Mc- 
Intosh  county,  Ga.,  in  175");  son  of  Col.  AVill- 
iain  and  Mary  (Mackay)  Mclntosli,  and  grand 
son  of  John  Mohr  and  Marjory  (Fraser)  Mcln- 
tosh.  Jolin  Mohr  Mclntosli  came  to  Georgia 
from  Scotland  about  1735.  John  Mclntosli  was 
made  an  officer  in  the  Georgia  line  in  1775, 
and  as  lieutenant-colonel  defended  Fort  Morris 
at  Sunbury,  Liberty* county,  Ga.,  from  the  Brit 
ish  in  November,  1778.  He  served  with  distinc 
tion  at  the  battle  of  Brier  Creek,  Ga.,  March  3, 
1779,  where  he  held  his  position  until  forced  to 
surrender.  He  removed  with  his  family  to  Flor 
ida  about  1793  and  settled  on  the  banks  of  the  St. 
Johns  river.  He  was  arrested  by  Governor  Juan 
Nepomuceno  de  Quesada  and  imprisoned  in  the 
fort  of  St.  Augustine  on  suspicion  of  having  de 
signs  against  the  Spanish  government,  and  was 
placed  in  Morro  Castle,  Havana.  Washington 
vised  his  private  influence,  which,  together  with 
that  of  Mrs.  Mclntosli,  who  appealed  to  the  Span 
ish  government,  was  effective  in  securing  his  re 
lease  aftera  year's  imprisonment,  and  he  returned 
to  Georgia.  He  served  during  the  last  few 
months  of  the  war  of  1812  as  major-general  of 
militia  under  General  Jackson  at  Mobile,  Ala. 
He  was  married  during  the  Revolutionary  war  to 
Sarah  Swinton,  of  South  Carolina  ;  she  died  on 
St.  Simon  Island,  Ga.,  in  1789.  General  Mcln- 
tosh  died  in  Mclntosli  county,  Ga.,  Nov.  12,  1826. 

McINTOSH,  John  Baillie,  soldier,  was  bora 
at  Tampa,  Fla.,  June  6,  1829  ;  son  of  Col.  James 
Simmons  Mclntosli,  U.S.A.  (q.  v.).  He  attended 
school  at  Lawrenceville,  N.J.,and  at  Sing  Sing, 
N.Y.  He  was  warranted  midshipman  in  the 
U.S.  navy,  April  27.  1848,  .and  resigned,  May  24, 
1850.  At  the  outbreak  of  the  civil  war  lie  en 
tered  the  U.S.  army,  was  appointed  2d  lieutenant, 
2d  cavalry,  June  8,  1861,  and  transferred  to  the 
5th  cavalry,  Aug.  3,  1861.  He  served  in  the  Shen- 
andoah  valley  and  in  the  defences  of  Washing 
ton,  B.C.,  until  March,  1862,  and  was  promoted 
1st  lieutenant,  5th  U.S.  cavalry,  June  27,  1862. 
He  engaged  in  the  operations  of  the  Army  of  the 
Potomac  on  the  peninsula,  1862,  and  was  brevet- 
ted  major  Aug.  5,  1862,  for  gallant  and  meritori 
ous  services  in  the  battle  of  White  Oak  Swamp. 
He  was  also  with  McClellrm  at  South  Mountain 
and  Antietam.  He  was  given  command  of  the 
3d  Pennsylvania  cavalry,  Nov.  15,  1862,  and  com 
manded  the  2d  brigade,  2d  division.  Stoneman's 
cavalry  corps,  in  the  Chancellorsville  campaign. 
He  wasbrevetted  lieutenant-colonel,  July  3.  1883, 
for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  in  the  battle 
of  Gettysburg,  where  he  commanded  the  1st 
brigade,  2d  division,  Pleasanton's  cavalry  corps. 


He  was  severely  injured  by  a  fall  of  his  horse  in 
September,  1863,  and  was  promoted  captain  of 
the  5th  U.S.  cavalry,  Dec.  7,  1863.  In  Grant's 
campaign  against  Richmond  he  commanded  the 
1st  brigade,  Wilson's  3d  division,  Sheridan's 
corps,  which  he  led  in  Sheridan's  raid  at  Trevil- 
ion  station,  May  and  June,  1864,  including  the 
battle  of  Ashland,  June  1,  1864,  for  which  he  was 
brevetted  colonel  U.S.A.  and  made  brigadier- 
general  U.S.V.  At  the  battle  of  Opequon,  or' 
Winchester,  Sept,  19,  1864,  he  lost  his  leg,  and 
on  his  recovery  was  placed  on  court-martial  duty. 
He  was  brevetted  major-general  of  volunteers 
March  13,  1865,  for  gallantry  and  good  manage 
ment  at  Opequon  ;  brigadier-general  U.S.A.  for 
gallantry  at  Winchester,  and  major-general 
U.S.A..  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  in 
the  fielA  during  the  war.  He  was  mustered  out 
of  the  volunteer  service  April  30,  1866.  and  pro 
moted  lieutenant-colonel  and  transferred  to  the 
42d  U.S.  infantry,  July  28,  1866.  He  was  gover 
nor  of  the  Soldiers'  Home,  Washington,  D.C., 
1868-69  ;  served  as  a  member  of  the  retiring 
board  of  New  York  city,  and  was  retired  with  the 
rank  of  brigadier-general  July  30,  1870.  He  died 
in  New  Brunswick,  N.J.,  June  29,  1888. 

McINTOSH,  Lachlan,  soldier,  was  born  in 
Scotland,  March  17,  1725  ;  son  of  John  Mohr  and 
Marjory  (Fraser)  Mclntosli  ;  grandson  of  Lachlan 
and  Mary  (Lockhart)  Mclntosh.  and  of  - 
Fraser,  of  Garthmore,  Scotland.  He  sailed  from 
Inverness,  Scotland, 
on  the  Prince  of 
Wales  in  October, 
1733,  with  his  father 
and  130  -Highlanders 
under  Oglethorpe  and 
settled  at  Inverness, 
afterward  named 
Darien,  Ga.,  about 
1735.  His  father  serv 
ed  under  Gov.  James 
E.  Oglethorpe  as  cap 
tain  in  the  Spanish 
war  in  1740,  and 
was  captured  with 
his  kinsman,  Lieu- 
tenant  Kenneth  Bail- 
lie,  and  sent  to  Spain. 
prisonment,  he  escaped  to  England,  and  then  re 
turned  to  Georgia,  where  he  died  about  1745. 
Lachlan  received  a  limited  education,  and  in 
1742  became  a  clerk  in  the  counting-house  of 
Henry  Laurens,  of  Charleston,  S.C.,  with  whom 
he  lived  for  several  years.  When  he  returned  to 
Georgia  he  engaged  in  surveying,  studied  math 
ematics  with  the  assistance  of  Governor  Ogle 
thorpe,  and  also  studied  military  tactics  and 
civil  engineering.  He  was  appointed  colonel  of 


After   two      ears'   im 


MclNTOSII 


McIVER 


the  battalion  raised  .for  the  protection  of  Geor 
gia,  Jan.  7,  1776  ;  commanded  the  troops  at  Yam- 
acraw  Bluff,  Ga.,  in  March,  1776,  which  was  the 
first  passage-at-arms  in  that  state  in  the  war; 
was  appointed  brigadier-general  in  the  Conti 
nental  army  in  September,  1776,  and  placed  in 
command  of  a  regiment  which  he  had  raised. 
This  occasioned  jealousy  on  the  part  of  Gov. 
Button  Gwinnett,  who  persecuted  Mclntosh  and 
different  members  of  his  family,  and  after  his 
term  of  office  expired,  challenged  him  to  a  duel. 
The  duel  was  fought  May  16,  1777,  and  both  prin 
cipals  were  severely  wounded,  Gwinnett  fatally. 
Mclntosh  was  selected  by  Washington  to  com 
mand  the  force  of  500  men  sent  to  Fort  Pitt  to 
defend  the  frontier  of  Pennsylvania  and  Virginia 
from  the  Indians  in  1778.  He  was  about  to  un 
dertake  an  expedition  against  Detroit  in  1779, 
when  he  was  ordered  to  join  D'Estaing  in  his  at 
tack  on  Savannah,  Ga.,  where  he  commanded 
the  1st  and  5th  South  Carolina  regiments,  and 
when  the  city  was  forced  to  surrender  to  the 
British  on  account  of  the  sudden  departure  of  the 
French  fleet,  he  retreated  to  Charleston,  S.C., 
with  Gen.  Benjamin  Lincoln  and  defended  that 
city  until  it  surrendered  to  Gen.  Henry  Clinton, 
May  12,  1780.  On  May  15,  1780,  the  delegates  to 
the  Continental  congress  from  Georgia  decided 
to  dispense  with  his  services  as  brigadier-general 
until  the  further  order  of  congress.  This  act 
was  accomplished  by  the  friends  of  Button  Gwin 
nett.  He  retired  to  Virginia  with  his  family 
until  the  close  of  the  war,  and  when  he  returned 
to  Georgia  he  found  that  his  property  had  been 
dissipated  and  ruined.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the 
Continental  congress  in  1784;  served  as  a  com 
missioner  to  treat  with  the  Creek  and  Cherokee 
Indians  in  1785,  after  which  he  retired  to  private 
life.  He  was  president  of  the  Georgia,  branch  of 
the  Society  of  the  Cincinnati.  He  was  married 
to  Sarah  Threadcraft.  He  died  Feb.  20,  1806. 

McINTOSH,  Maria  Jane,  author,  was  born  in 
Sunbury,  Ga.,  in  1803  ;  daughter  of  Lachlan  and 
—  (Stuart)  Mclntosh.  She  was  educated 
at  home  and  in  Sunbury  academy,  and  at  the 
death  of  her  father  in  1806  removed  to  New 
York  and  made  her  home  with  her  brother,  Capt. 
Jarnes  McKay  Mclntosh, U.S.N.  She  lost  her  prop 
erty  in  1837.  She  is  the  author  of  Blind  Alice 
(1841),  written  underthe  pen  name  "  Aunt  Kitty  "; 
Jessie  Graham  (184-5);  Florence  Amos  (1843); 
Grace  and  Clara  (1843)  and  Ellen  Leslie  (1843)  ; 
and  these  were  collected  and  published  in  one 
volume,  entitled  Aunt  Kitty's  Tales  (1847). 
Macready  the  tragedian  bought  the  stories  for 
his  children  and  procured  their  re-publication 
in  London.  She  is  also  the  author  of :  Con 
quest  and  Self -Conquest  (1843);  Woman  an 
Enigma  (1844);  Praise  and  Principle  (1845)  ; 


Tiro  Lives,  or  To  Seem,  and  To  Re  (1847)  ; 
Charms  and  Counter  Charms  (1848);  Woman  in 
America,  Her  Work  and  Her  Reward  (1850); 
The  Lofty  and  the  Lowly  (1852);  Emily  Herbert 
(1855);  Hose  and  Lillie  Stan  hope  (1856);  Violet, 
or  the  Cross  and  Crotrn  (1856);  Meta  Gray  (1858); 
Two  Pictures  (1863).  She  died  in  Morristown, 
N.J.,  Feb.  25,  1878. 

McINTYRE,  Albert  Washington,  governor 
of  Colorado,  was  born  in  Pittsburg,  Pa..  Jan.  15, 
1853  ;  son  of  Joseph  Phillips  and  Isabella  A. 
(Wills)  Mclntyre,  and  grandson  of  Thomas  Mc- 
Intyre,  who  was  engaged  in  the  transportation 
business  in  Maryland  and  served  as  an  officer  of 
volunteers  in  the  war  of  1812.  His  first  ancestor 
in  America  came  from  Ayreshire,  Scotland, 
about  1745.  Albert  W.  Mclntyre  was  graduated 
from  Yale,  A.B.,  1873,  LL.B.,  1875,  and  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  Connecticut  bar  in  June,  1875,  and 
to  the  Pittsburg  bar,  November,  1875.  He  re 
moved  to  Conejos  county,  Col.,  in  December, 
1876,  where  he  practised  law.  He  established  a 
stock  ranch  in  the  San  Luis  valley  in  1880.  He 
was  judge  of  the  county  court,  1883-86,  and  ad 
judicator  of  the  water  rights  of  the  20th  Colorado 
district,  1889-91.  He  was  district  judge  of  the 
12th  judicial  district  of  Colorado,  1891-95,  and 
was  Republican  governor  of  Colorado,  1895-97. 
At  the  close  of  his  gubernatorial  term  he  devoted 
himself  to  the  development  of  his  gold-mining 
interests  and  to  the  breeding  of  fine  stock.  He 
was  married,  July  16,  1873,  to  Florence,  daughter 
of  William  Sydney  Johnson,  of  New  York  city  ; 
and  secondly,  Jan.  26,  1899,  to  Dr.  Ida  Noyes 
Beaver. 

McIVER,  Alexander,  educator,  was  born  in 
Moore  county,  N.C..  Feb.  7,  1822:  son  of  Daniel 
and  Margaret  (McLeoud)  Mclver  ;  grandson  of 
Alexander  and  Effie  Mclver,  and  a  descendant  of 
Duncan  Mclver.  He  was  graduated  at  the  Uni 
versity  of  North  Carolina,  A.B.,  1853,  A.M.,  1856  ; 
was  tutor  in  mathematics  in  the  university,  1850- 
53;  principal  of  Anson  institute,  Wadesboro, 
1853  ;  law  student  with  Judges  Battle,  Pearson 
and  Phillips,  1854-55  ;  lawyer  at  Carthage,  N.C., 
1855-59  ;  professor  in  Davidson  college,  1859-69  ; 
professor  of  mathematics  at  the  University  of 
North  Carolina,  1869-71  ;  s'tate  superintendent  of 
public  instruction,  1871-75;  principal  of  the 
Greensboro  graded  schools,  1875-80,  and  in  1880 
engaged  in  farming  at  Oaks,  N.C.  He  was  chair 
man  of  the  Mecklenburg  county  hoard  of  magis 
trates  and  delegate  to  the  state  constitutional 
convention  of  1865. 

McIVER,  Charles  Duncan,  educator,  was  born 
in  Moore  county,  N.C.,  Sept.  27,  1860.  He  was 
a  descendant  of  Scotch  Presbyterians,  early 
settlers  of  Cnpe  Fear  district,  North  Carolina .  He 
was  graduated  at  the  University  of  North  Caro- 


[355J 


McIVER 


MACKALL 


Jina  in  1881,  and  adopted  the  profession  of  teach 
ing.  He  assisted  in  organizing  the  public  schools 
of  Durham  and  Winston,  and  in  1886  joined 
the  faculty  of  Peace  Institute,  Raleigh.  As  state 
institute  conductor,  elected  in  1889  by  the  state 
board  of  education,  he  organized  and  conducted 
during  his  three  years'  term  of  service,  teachers' 
institutes  in  nearly  every  county  in  the  state. 
Among  the  important  positions  held  by  him  are 
the  following  :  superintendent  of  summer  normal 
schools  president  of  the  North  Carolina  Teachers' 
Assembly,  member  of  the  executive  committee  of 
the  board  of  trustees  of  the  University  of  North 
Carolina  ;  chairman  of  various  committees  of  the 
North  Carolina  Teachers'  Assembly  to  petition 
the  state  legislature  for  improvements  in  the 
school  laws,  and  chairman  of  the  committee  of 
the  Teachers'  Assembly  whose  efforts  secured 
from  the  state  legislature  in  1891  the  establish 
ment  of  the  North  Carolina  Normal  and  Indus 
trial  college  and  an  annual  appropriation  therefor. 
In  1892  he  was  elected  first  president  of  this 
institution,  the  only  college  in  North  Carolina  for 
the  liberal  education  of  white  women  receiving 
an  annual  appropriation  from  the  state.  In 
1893  tiie  University  of  North  Carolina  conferred 
upon  President  Mclver  the  honorary  degree  of 
Litt.  D. 

MIVER,  Henry,  jurist,  was  born  at  Society 
Hill,  S.C.,  Sept.  25, 182G  ;  son  of  Alexander  M.  and 
Mary  (Hanford)  Mclver  ;  grandson  of  John  E.  Mc 
lver  and  of  Enoch  Hanford,  and  a  descendant  of 
Roderick  Mclver  of  Scotland,  who  came  to  the  Pee 
Dee  section,  S.C.,  shortly  after  1746.  Henry  grad 
uated  from  South  Carolina  college,  Columbia. 
A.B.,1846,  A.M.,  1848;  studied  law  and  began 
practice  in  Cheraw,  S.C.,  in  1848.  He  was  mar 
ried  June  7,  1849,  to  Caroline  H.  Powe.  He  was 
prosecuting  attorney  for  the  state,  and  state 
solicitor,  1853-68,  and  during  the  civil  war  lie 
served  as  an  officer  in  the  Confederate  army,  be 
ing  twice  wounded  at  the  battle  of  Hawes's  Shop, 
Va,,  May  28,  1864.  He  was  associate  justice  of  the 
supremo  court  of  South  Carolina,  1877-91,  and  was 
unanimously  elected  chief-justice,  Dec.  10,  1879. 
which  office  he  declined  and  was  chosen  chief 
justice.  Dec.  1,  1891,  to  fill  the  vacancy  caused  by 
the  death  of  Chief-Justice  W.  D.  Simpson  in  1890. 

McJUNKIN,  Ebenezer,  representative,  was 
born  in  Butler  county,  Pa.,  March  28,  1819;  son 
of  David  and  Elizabeth  (Moore)  McJunkin  ;  grand 
son  of  William  and  Mary  (Alexander)  McJunkin. 
who  emigrated  from  county  Donegal.  Ireland, 
about  1790,  and  of  Aaron  and  Elizabeth  (Mc- 
Kinstry)  Moore,  who  came  to  America  from 
Scotland  about  1790.  He  was  graduated  from 
Jefferson  college,  Pa.,  in  1841  ;  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1843,  and  practised  in  Butler.  He  was 
married  in  July,  1848,  to  Jane,  daughter  of  the 


Hon.  John  Bredin.  He  was  deputy  attorney-gen 
eral  for  Butler  county,  1850  ;  a  delegate  to  the  Re 
publican  national  convention,  1860  ;  a  presidential 
elector,  1864,  and  a  representative  in  the  42d  and 
43d  congresses,  1871-73,  resigning  Jan.  1,  1875,  for 
the  purpose  of  taking  his  seat  as  presiding  judge  of 
the  17th  judicial  district,  where  he  served,  1875- 
85,  and  in  1885  resumed  practice  in  Butler,  Pa. 

McKAIQ,  William  McMahon,  representative, 
was  born  in  Cumberland,  Md.,  July  29,  1845  ;  son 
of  Robert  Stuart  and  Sara  Ann  (McMahon)  Mc- 
Kaig,  and  grandson  of  Patrick  McKaig  and  of 
William  McMahon.  He  attended  the  Carroll 
school  and  the  Alleghany  County  academy,  and 
during  the  civil  war  managed  his  father's  coal 
trade  by  boats  over  the  Chesapeake  and  Ohio 
canal  from  Cumberland  to  the  Washington  navy 
yard.  He  read  law  with  his  uncles,  Gen.  Thomas 
Jefferson  McKaig  and  William  Wallace  McKaig, 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  of  Alleghany  county  in 
April,  1868.  and  practised  until  1873,  when  he 
removed  to  Colorado  Territory  on  account  of  his 
health  and  followed  cattle  ranching.  In  1874  he 
was  business  manager  of  the  Manitou  hotel,  and 
was  located  in  Denver.  He  removed  to  Salt 
Lake  City,  Utah,  in  October,  1874,  and  subse 
quently  resided  in  California,  where  he  engaged 
in  gold  mining.  In  1875  he  travelled  in  South 
America  and  in  Mexico.  He  returned  to  Mary 
land,  was  the  unsuccessful  candidate  for  nom 
ination  on  the  Democratic  ticket  for  state's 
attorney  of  Alleghany  county,  was  city  attorney 
of  Cumberland,  Md.,  in  1876,  a  Democratic  rep 
resentative  in  the  state  legislature  in  1877,  was 
appointed  colonel  on  the  personal  staff  of  Gov 
ernor  Hamilton  in  1879  and  chief  of  ordnance 
on  the  general  staff  of  Gov.  Robert  M.  McLane  in 
1884,  and  was  reappointed  by  Governors  Lloyd 
and  Jackson.  He  was  state  senator  in  1887 ; 
mayor  of  the  city  of  Cumberland  in  1890,  and  a 
Democratic  representative  in  the  52d  and  53d 
congresses,  1891-95,  defeating  Louis  E.  McComas 
in  fall  of  1890  and  George  L.  Wellington  in  1892, 
being  the  only  Democrat  elected  in  the  congres 
sional  district  after  1876.  He  retired  in  1895, 
never  having  been  defeated  for  office. 

MACKALL,  William  Whann,  soldier,  was 
born  in  Cecil  county,  Md..  in  1818.  He  was  grad 
uated  from  the  U.  S.  Military  academy  in  1H37, 
and  was  promoted  2d  lieutenant,  1st  artillery, 
July  1,  1837.  He  served  in  the  war  against  the 
Seminole  Indians,  1837-39  ;  was  promoted  1st 
lieutenant,  July  9. 1838,  and  was  severely  wounded 
from  an  ambush  in  the  skirmish  at  New  Inlet, 
Feb.  11,  1839.  He  participated  in  the  Canada 
border  disturbances  as  adjutant  of  1st  artillery. 
1840-41  ;  and  served  on  the  Maine  frontier.  1841- 
43.  He  was  brevetted  captain  of  staff,  with  the 
rank  of  assistant  adjutant-general,  Dec.  29.  1N46, 


[256] 


McKAY 


MACK AY 


and  served  throughout  the  war  with  Mexico  :  was 
brevetted  captain,  Sept.  23,  1846,  for  gallant  and 
meritorious  conduct  in  the  several  conflicts  at 
Monterey,  Mexico ;  participated  in  the  siege  of 
Vera  Cruz,  the  battle  of  Cerro  Gordo,  the  capture 
of  San  Antonio  ;  was  promoted  captain,  and  was 
brevetted  major,  Aug.  20,  1847,  for  Contreras 
and  Churubusco,  Mexico.  He  was  assistant  adju 
tant-general  of  General  Butler's  volunteer  divi 
sion,  1846-47  ;  of  General  Worth's  regular  divi 
sion,  1847-48  ;  of  the  western  division,  1849-50, 
and  of  the  3d  military  department,  1850-51.  He 
was  treasurer  of  the  Soldiers'  Home,  a  military 
asylum  near  Washington,  D.C.,  1851-53,  and  was 
brevetted  major  of  staff  and  assistant  adjutant- 
general,  Aug.  5,  1853.  He  was  assigned  to  the 
eastern  division  and  served,  1853-56  ;  was  on  spe 
cial  duty  at  Washington,  D.C. ,  1855-56,  and  was 
assistant  adjutant-general  of  the  department  of 
the  Pacific,  1856-61.  He  was  promoted  lieuten 
ant-colonel  of  staff  and  assistant  adjutant-general, 
Ma}'  11,  1861,  but  declined.  He  resigned  from  the 
U.  S.  army,  Aug.  3,  1861,  and  on  Sept.  15,  1861, 
was  appointed  assistant  adjutant-general  on  the 
staff  of  Gen.  A.  S.  Johnston  with  the  rank  of 
colonel.  He  served  in  camp  at  Bowling  Green, 
and  when  Gen.  S.  B.  Buckner  was  entrusted  with 
the  defence  of  Forts  Henry  and  Donelson  he  was 
transferred  to  his  staff.  He  was  promoted  to  the 
rank  of  brigadier-general,  and  was  placed  in 
command  of  the  troops  on  Madrid  Bend,  Island 
No.  10,  March  29,  1862,  where  he  succeeded  Gen. 
John  P.  McCown.  and  on  the  surrender  of  the 
island,  April  8,  1862,  he  was  one  of  the  three  gen 
eral  officers  who  surrendered.  He  was  imprisoned 
in  Fort  Warren,  Boston  harbor,  until  exchanged. 
After  his  exchange  he  was  assigned  to  the  com 
mand  of  a  brigade  in  the  department  of  Tennes 
see  under  Gen.  Samuel  Jones.  In  December  fol 
lowing  lie  was  given  command  of  the  District  of 
the  Gulf,  and  in  February,  1863,  being  succeeded 
by  Gen.  S.  B.  Buckner,  he  was  assigned  to  the 
western  division  of  that  district.  In  April,  1863, 
he  was  appointed  chief  of  staff  to  Gen.  Braxton 
Bragg,  and  was  relieved  at  his  own  request  after 
the  battle  of  Chickamauga.  In  November  fol 
lowing  he  was  assigned  to  the  command  of  the 
brigades  lately  under  General  Hebert,  at  Smith- 
ville,  N.C.,and  in  November,  1864,  was  assigned 
to  Gen.  Joseph  E.  Johnston  as  chief  of  staff,  and 
served  in  the  Atlanta  campaign  from  Dalton  to 
Atlanta.  On  April  20,  1865,  after  the  surrender 
of  General  Lee,  he  joined  with  Gens.  G.  W.  Smith 
and  Howell  Cobb  in  the  surrender  of  Macon,  Ga. 
He  died  at  Langley,  Va.,  Aug.  19,  1891. 

McKAY,  Donald,  shipbuilder,  was  born  in 
Shelburne,  Nova  Scotia,  Sept.  4, 1810.  He  learned 
the  shipbuilders'  trade  in  New  York  city,  settled 
in  Newburyport.  Mass.,  as  a  shipbuilder,  and  in 


B 


TMt  GREAT  KtPUOLIC. 


1845  removed  his  business  to  East  Boston,  Mass., 
where  he  conducted  a  large  ship  yard.  He  built 
for  Enoch  Train  several  clipper  ships  for  his  line 
of  Liverpool  packets  which  were  celebrated  for 
their  speed.  He  also  built  many  of  the  New 
England  clip 
per  ships  for 
the  California 
and  Australian 
trade.  He  built 
the  Great  Re 
public,  of  4556 
tons,  in  1853, 
at  the  time  the 
largest  mer 
chantman  in  the  world ;  the  Flying  Cloud,  that 
made  the  run  from  New  York  to  San  Francisco 
in  eighty-nine  days,  three  days  less  than  the 
Great  Republic ;  the  Sovereign  of  the  Seas.  2400 
tons,  making  430  geographical  miles  in  twenty- 
four  consecutive  hours  and  3144  miles  in  ten 
consecutive  days.  He  constructed  the  model  of 
a  paddle-wheel  steamer,  exhibited  in  July,  1853, 
which  he  claimed  would  cross  the  ocean  in  six 
days.  He  constructed  a  number  of  U.S.  gunboats, 
including  the  light-draught  monitor  Nauset  and 
the  double-end  gunboat  Ashuelot,  for  service  in 
the  civil  war.  The  last  boat  of  his  construction 
was  the  U.S.  sloop-of-war  Adams,  in  1874.  He 
retired  to  Hamilton,  Mass.,  in  1874,  and  devoted 
himself  to  farming.  The  beauty  and  speed  of 
the  clipper  ships,  Westward  Ho,  Flying  Fish, 
Bald  Eagle,  Empress  of  the  Seas,  Staghoitnd, 
Star  of  Empire  and  Golden  Fleece  gave  him  a 
world-wide  reputation  as  a  naval  constructor. 
He  died  in  Hamilton,  Mass.,  Sept.  20,  1880. 

McKAY,  James  J.,  representative,  was  born 
in  Bladen  county,  N.C.,  in  1793.  He  became  a 
lawyer  in  his  native  county  ;  was  a  member  of 
the  North  Carolina  senate,  1816-22,  1826  and 
1830,  and  was  U.S.  district  attorney  for  North 
Carolina  for  several  years.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  the  22d-30th  congresses,  1831-49,  and  was 
chairman  of  the  committee  on  ways  and  means, 
1837-47.  At  the  Democratic  national  convention 
that  met  in  Baltimore,  May  22,  1848.  he  received 
the  vote  of  the  North  Carolina  delegation  as 
their  candidate  for  Vice-President.  He  died  in 
Golds')oro,  N.C.,  Sept.  14,  1853. 

MACKAY,  John  William,  capitalist,  was  born 
in  Dublin,  Ireland.  Nov.  28,  1831.  His  ances 
tors,  who  were  Scotch,  settled  in  the  north  of 
Ireland.  He  came  to  the  United  States  with  his 
parents  in  1840  and  settled  in  New  York  city, 
where  his  father  died  in  1842.  He  attended  the 
public  schools  and  learned  the  trade  of  shipbuild 
ing.  In  1849  he  went  to  California,  where  he 
engaged  in  mining.  He  began  to  work  the  Coin- 
stock  lode  in  Nevada  in  1860,  and  being  hampered 


[257] 


MACKAYE 


McKEAN 


by  lack  of  capital,  he  formed  a  partnership  with 
James  C.  Flood,  William  S.  O'Brien  and  James 
C.Walker  in  1864,  and  when  Mr.  Walker  retired 
In  1867  James  G.  Fair  took  his  place  in  the  firm. 
They  met  with  comparatively  limited  success  un 
til  1873,  when  the  discovery  of  the  Bonanza  mines, 
on  a  ledge  of  rock  in  the  Sierra  Nevadas  under 
what  is  now  Virginia  City,  Nev.,  made  the  own 
ers  among  the  richest  men  of  the  world.  Mr. 
Mackay  owned  two-fifths  of  these  mines.  In 
1873  the  famous  silver  vein  was  opened,  and  from 
one  mine  Mr.  Mackay  and  James  G.  Fair,  who 
worked  as  ordinary  miners,  took  $150,000,000  in 
silver  and  gold.  In  six  years  the  output  from 
the  mines  was  over  §1300, 000,000.  With  Mr.  Flood 
and  Mr.  Fair  he  founded  the  Bank  of  Nevada  in 
San  Francisco,  Cal.,  in  1878,  and  he  became  its 
president.  In  1887  he  carried  it  through  a  loss  of 
$11,000,000,  sustained  through  one  of  its  officers 
speculating  in  wheat.  He  formed  a  partnership 
with  James  Gordon  Bennett, of  the  New  York  Her 
ald,  in  1884,  and  laid  two  cables  across  the  At 
lantic  from  the  United  States  to  England  and 
France,  and  the  two  men  continued  the  sole 
owners  of  the  Commercial  Cable  company,  of 
which,  as  well  as  the  Postal  Telegraph  company, 
he  was  president.  He  declined  the  nomination 
for  U.S.  senator  from  Nevada  in  1885,  was  elected 
a  director  of  the  Southern  Pacific  railroad  in 
1899,  and  it  was  due  to  his  enterprise  that  the 
Pacific  cable  from  San  Francisco  to  the  Philip 
pine  islands  was  inaugurated.  He  was  married 
in  1867  to  the  widow  of  Dr.  Bryan,  daughter  of 
John  Hungerford,  and  they  had  two  children, 
John  William  Jr.,  who  was  accidentally  killed  in 
Paris  in  1895,  and  Clarence  Hungerford,  who  suc 
ceeded  to  the  management  of  the  estate  after  his 
father's  death  in  London,  England,  July  20.  1902. 
MACKAYE,  James  Steele,  playwright,  was 
born  in  Buffalo,  N.Y.,  in  1844.  He  early  evinced 
a  talent  for  art,  and  in  1868  went  to  Paris  to  study 
painting,  but  meeting  Delsarte  he  studied  dram 
atic  expression.  In  1870-71  he  lectured  in  New 
York  and  Boston  on  the  science  and  art  of  ex 
pression,  and  devoted  the  profits  to  relieve  the 
needs  of  Delsarte,  who  died  in  Paris  in  July,  1871. 
In  January,  1872.  he  opened  the  St.  James  theatre, 
New  York  city,  and  presented  "  Monaldi," 
adapted  by  himself  from  the  French,  appearing 
in  one  of  the  leading  roles.  He  was  again  in 
Europe,  1873-75,  studying  the  drama  in  Paris  and 
England.  He  appeared  as  "Hamlet"  at  the 
Crystal  Palace,  London,  at  the  instance  of  Tom 
Taylor,  with  whom  he  collaborated  in  "  Ark- 
wright's  Wife  "  and  "  Clancarty  "  ;  and  he  also 
wrote  "Jealousy"  in  conjunction  with  Charles 
Reade.  In  1875  his  adaptation  of  "  Rose  Michel" 
ran  for  one  hundred  and  twenty-two  nights  at 
the  Union  Square  theatre,  New  York  city.  Soon 


after  returning  to  America  he  opened  the  Ly 
ceum  School  of  Acting,  which  subsequently  de 
veloped  into  the  American  Academy  of  Dramatic 
Arts,  and  among  his  more  noted  pupils  were 
John  McCullough  and  Harry  Montague.  Mr. 
Mackaye  was  manager  of  the  Madison  Square 
theatre  for  some  years,  and  while  holding  this 
position  he  invented  and  introduced  the  double- 
elevated  stage  and  the  elevated  orchestra.  In 
1885  he  built  the  Lyceum  theatre,  in  which  he- 
introduced  his  inventions  of  a  disappearing  or 
chestra  and  folding  chairs.  Among  his  plays  not 
previously  mentioned,  which  were  produced  in 
America,  are:  Queen  and  Woman,  (1876);  Ticins 
(with  A.  C.  Wheeler,  1876);  Won  at  Last  (1877); 
Through  the  Dark  (1878);  An  Iron  Will  (1879), 
re-named  Hazel  Kirke,  and  produced  with  phe 
nomenal  success  at  the  Madison  Square  theatre 
(1880);  A  Fool's  Errand  (1881);  Dakolar  (1884); 
In  Spite  of  All  (1885);  Rienzi,  re-written  for  Law 
rence  Barrett  (188(5);  Anarchy,  afterward  named 
Paul  Kauvar  (1887),  and  Money  Mad,  adapted 
from  Through  the  Dark  (1890).  He  died  at  Tim- 
pas,  Col.,  Feb.  25,  1894. 

MACKAY=SMITH,  Alexander,  clergyman,  was 
born  in  New  Haven,  Conn.,  June  2,  1850  ;  son 
of  Nathan  and  Caroline  (Bradley)  Smith,  and 
grandson  of  U.S.  Senator  Nathan  Smith.  He 
was  educated  at  St.  Paul's  school,  Concord,  N.H., 
was  graduated  from  Trinity  college  in  1872,  and 
studied  in  England  and  Germany.  He  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  diaconate  of  the  Protestant  Epis 
copal  church  in  1876,  and  was  ordained  priest  in. 
1877.  He  was  rector  of  Grace  church.  South 
Boston,  Mass.,  1877-80  ;  preacher  at  St.  Thomas's, 
New  York  city,  1880-86,  and  declined  an  election 
as  coadjutor  bishop  of  Kansas  in  1886.  He  be 
came  the  first  archdeacon  of  New  York  city  in 
1887,  and  served  in  that  capacity  until  1893, 
when  he  became  rector  of  St.  John's  parish, 
Washington,  D.C.,  and  archdeacon  of  Washing 
ton  in  1900.  He  was  elected  bishop  coadjutor  of 
Pennsylvania  in  1902,  and  was  consecrated  at 
Holy  Trinity  church,  Philadelphia.  May  1,  1902. 
by  Bishops  Doane,  Scarborough  and  Whitehead. 
He  received  the  degree  of  D.D.  from  Hobart  and 
Trinity  college  in  1889. 

McKEAN,  James  Bedell,  representative,  was 
born  in  Hoosirk,  N.Y.,  Aug.  5,  1821  ;  son  of  the 
Rev.  Andrew  and  Catherine  B.  McKean.  and  a 
descendant  of  Thomas  McKean,  the  signer.  Mis 
father  was  one  of  the  pioneers  of  Methodism  in 
northeastern  New  York,  and  removed  to  a  farm 
at  Half  moon,  N.Y.,  in  1H28.  James  Bedell  worked 
on  his  father's  farm;  attended  the  academy  at 
Jonesville  ;  taught  there  for  several  terms  ;  estab 
lished  a  select  school  at  Clifton  Park,  and  served 
as  superintendent  of  public  schools.  He  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in  1847  ;  practised  at  Ballston 
581 


McKEAN 


McKEAN 


Spa,  and  previously  to  1853  removed  to  Saratoga 
Springs,  where  he  was  married  to  Catherine, 
daughter  of  Judge  William  Hay ;  she  died  at 
Salt  Lake,  Utah,  Jan.  24,  1879.  He  was  colonel 
in  the  state  militia  ;  county  judge  for  Saratoga 
county,  1855-59,  and  a  Republican  representative 
from  New  York  in  the  36th  and  37th  congresses, 
1859-61,  serving  as  chairman  of  the  committee 
on  expenditures  in  the  state  department  and  of 
the  committee  on  elections.  He  left  his  seat  in 
congress  in  1861,  organized  the  7Tth  New  York 
volunteers,  and  commanded  his  regiment  in  the 
3d  brigade,  3d  division,  6th  army  corps,  in  the 
seven  days'  battle  before  Richmond,  and  soon 
after  was  forced  to  leave  his  command  owing  to 
ill-health.  He  was  appointed  chief  justice  of 
Utah  Territory  by  President  Grant  in  1873,  but 
incurred  the  displeasure  of  the  Mormons  and  was 
removed  in  1875.  He  practised  law  at  Salt  Lake 
City,  Utah,  and  died  there  Jan.  5,  1879. 

McKEAN,  Joseph,  educator,  was  born  in  Ips 
wich,  Mass.,  April  19,  1776;  son  of  William  and 
Sarah  (Manning)  McKean  and  grandson  of  Dr. 
Joseph  and  Eliza  (Boardman)  Manning,  of  Ips 
wich.  His  father,  a  native  of  Glasgow,  Scotland, 
settled  in  Boston,  Mass.,  as  a  tobacconist  in  1763, 
removed  to  Ipswich  in  1775,  but  after  the  Rev 
olution  returned  to  Boston.  Joseph  attended 
Phillips  Andover  academy,  1787-90,  and  was 
graduated  from  Harvard,  A.B.,  1794.  He  taught 
school  in  Ipswich,  Mass.,  and  studied  theology 
under  the  Rev.  Dr.  Joseph  Dana,  1794-96,  the 
Rev.  John  Thompson,  1796-97,  and  the  Rev.  John 
Elliott,  of  Boston,  1797.  He  was  also  principal 
of  the  academy  at  Berwick,  1796-97.  He  was 
ordained  to  the  Congregational  ministry,  Nov.  1. 
1797.  He  was  married  in  September,  1799,  to 
Amy,  daughter  of  Maj.  Joseph  Swasey,  of  Ips 
wich,  a  soldier  at  Bunker  Hill,  and  his  wife, 
Susanna,  daughter  of  Henry  Wise  (Harvard, 
1717)  and  granddaughter  of  John  Wise  (Har 
vard,  1673).  He  was  pastor  of  the  church  at 
Milton,  Mass.,  1797-1803,  and  on  account  of 
pulmonary  trouble,  he  wras  obliged  to  pass  the 
following  winter  in  the  Barbadoes,  and  the  two 
succeeding  winters  in  North  and  South  Carolina. 
He  formally  resigned  his  pastorate,  Oct.  3,  1804, 
and  when  his  health  improved  engaged  in  teach 
ing  in  Boston.  He  was  appointed  Kersey  pro 
fessor  of  mathematics  and  natural  philosophy  in 
Harvard  in  1806,  but  declined,  having  taken  up 
the  study  of  law.  He  was  chosen  about  this 
time  to  represent  Boston  in  the  general  coui't, 
and  was  re-elected  for  a  second  term.  He  was 
Boylston  professor  of  rhetoric  and  oratory  at 
Harvard,  1809-18,  when  pulmonary  troubles 
again  forced  him  to  retire.  He  spent  a  short 
time  in  South  Carolina,  and  from  there  went  to 
Havana,  Cuba.  He  was  secretary  of  the  Massa- 

[259] 


chusetts  Congregational  society ;  a  member  of 
the  Society  for  the  Propagation  of  the  Gospel  ; 
corresponding  secretary  of  the  Society  for  the 
Suppression  of  Intemperance,  and  of  the  Massa 
chusetts  Historical  society  ;  and  an  honorary 
member  of  the  New  York.  Historical  Society 
He  received  the  degree  of  LL.D.  from  the  College 
of  New  Jersey  in  1844,  and  that  of  S.T.D.  from 
Allegheny  college,  Pa.,  in  1817.  He  was  the 
founder  of  the  Porcellian  club  of  Harvard  college; 
and  the  McKean  Gate,  inscribed  in  his  honor, 
was  erected  by  the  club  in  1901.  He  contributed 
additional  matter  to  Wood's  continuation  of 
Goldsmith's  History  of  England ;  published  a 
memoir  on  the  Rev.  John  Eliot,  S.T.D. ,  in  the 
Historical  Collections  of  the  Massachusetts  His 
torical  society,  and  occasional  sermons.  He  died 
in  Havana,  Cuba,  March  17,  1818. 

McKEAN,  Samuel,  senator,  was  born  in  Hunt 
ingdon  county,  Pa.,  Sept.  19,  1790  ;  son  of  James. 
McKean,  a  native  of  Cecil  county,  Mel.,  who  re 
moved  to  Huntingdon  county,  Pa.,  in  1783,  and 
to  Burlington,  Bradford  county,  Pa.,  in  1791, 
where  he  was  the  first  white  settler.  Samuel  at 
tended  the  public  schools,  studied  law  and  repre 
sented  Bradford  and  Tioga  counties  in  the  state 
legislature,  1815-19.  He  was  a  Democratic  repre 
sentative  from  the  19th  Pennsylvania  district,  in 
the  18th,  19th  and  20th  congresses,  1823-29  ;  and  a 
member  of  the  state  senate  in  1829,  resigning  in 
December,  1829,  to  accept  the  office  of  secretary 
of  the  commonwealth  under  Governor  Shulze, 
and  was  U.S.  senator  from  Pennsylvania,  1833- 
39.  He  died  in  Burlington,  Pa.,  June  28,  1840. 

McKEAN,  Thomas,  signer,  was  born  in  Lon 
donderry,   Pa.,  March  19,  1734  ;  son  of  William 
and  Leetitia  (Finney)   McKean,  both  natives  of 
Ireland.     He  was  placed  under  the  tuition  of  the 
Rev.  Francis  Allison, 
at    Newcastle,    Del.  ; 
where  he  also  studied 
law  in   office    of   his 
kinsman    David   Fin 
ney  ;  was  engaged  as 
clerk     to     the     pro- 
thonotary  of  the  court 
of      common     pleas  ; 
was    deputy   protho- 
notary    and    register 
for     the     probate    of 
wills,    for  Newcastle 
county,   and  was  ad 
mitted     to     the    bar 
in     1754.       He     was 
deputy  attorney-gen 
eral    of    Sussex    county,    1756-58 ;    clerk   of   the 
assembly,    1757-58  :    was    appointed    by   the  :is- 
sembly,    in   connection    with  Cassar   Rodney,  to 
codify   and   print  the   laws   of   the  state  passed 


McKEAN 


McKEAN 


previous  to  the  year  1752 ;  was  a  representative 
from  Newcastle  county  to  the  general  assembly, 
1762-69  ;  resided  in  Philadelphia,  1763-69  ;  and 
was  one  of  the  trustees  of  the  loan  office  for  New 
castle  county,  1764-76.  He  was  a  delegate  to 
the  stamp  act  congress  which  met  in  New  York 
in  1765,  where  he  influenced  the  according  of 
one  vote  to  each  state  ;  was  a  member  of  the 
committee  which  drew  the  memorial  to  the  lords 
and  commons  ;  with  Philip  Livingston  and  John 
Rutledge,  revised  the  minutes  of  the  proceedings 
and  had  an  extraordinary  debate  with  President 
Ruggles,  when  the  latter  refused  officially  to 
sign  the  memorial  of  rights  and  grievances.  He 
was  appointed  sole  notary  and  tabellion  public 
for  the  lower  counties  on  the  Delaware,  in  Juljr, 
1765,  and  later  in  the  year  was  commissioned 
justice  of  the  peace  and  of  the  court  of  quarter 
sessions  for  the  county  of  Newcastle,  in  which 
capacity  he  issued  the  order  for  all  officers  of  the 
court  to  continue  using  unstamped  paper.  In 
1769  he  was  appointed  by  the  assembly  as  its 
agent  to  proceed  to  New  York  and  make  copies 
of  all  papers  relating  to  titles  of  real  estate  held 
in  Delaware.  He  was  appointed  by  the  crown, 
commissioner  of  customs,  and  collector  of  the 
port  of  Newcastle  in  1771  ;  was  a  delegate  to 
the  first  Continental  congress,  and  was  the  only 
member  of  the  national  council  to  hold  office 
continuously  from  the  opening  to  the  closing  act. 
He  conducted  the  negotiations  of  the  secret  com 
mittee  which  procured  arms  and  munition  from 
abroad,  and  when  the  preliminary  vote  was  taken, 
July  2,  1776,  and  Delaware  declared  against  the 
Declaration  of  Independence,  as  the  state  had 
three  representatives  and  one  was  absent,  Mc- 
Kean  sent  a  messenger  at  his  own  expense  to 
summon  the  absent  member  thus  carrying  the 
state  in  its  favor.  He  was  chairman  of  the  con 
vention  of  deputies  held  in  Carpenter's  Hall,  Phil 
adelphia,  Pa.,  in  June.  1776;  and  chairman  of 
the  committee  of  safety  of  Pennsylvania  and  of 
the  committee  of  inspection  for  the  city  of  Phil 
adelphia.  He  was  colonel  of  a  regiment  of  asso 
ciated  militia  and  proceeded  to  Perth  Amboy, 
N.J. ,  to  support  Washington,  where  lie  remained 
until  the  flying  camp  was  recruited  when  lie  re 
turned  home,  resumed  his  seat  in  congress,  and 
affixed  his  name  to  the  parchment  copy  of  the 
Declaration  of  Independence  which  had  been 
signed,  Aug.  2,  1776,  during  his  absence  in  camp. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  convention  that  framed 
the  constitution  of  the  state  of  Delaware,  adopted 
Sept.  20, 1776,  and  drew  up  the  document.  He  was 
chief  justice  of  Pennsylvania,  1776-98.  and  was 
elected  president  of  the  state  of  Delaware  in 
1776,  thus  holding  public;  offices  in  two  states  at 
the  same  time.  He  resigned  his  seat  in  congress, 
Dec,  25,  1780,  on  account  of  his  inability  to  per 


form  so  many  duties  satisfactorily,  but  his  resig 
nation  was  not  accepted  and  he  continued  to 
represent  his  state  and  on  July  10,  1781,  he  was 
elected  president  of  congress,  which  office  he  re 
signed,  Nov.  1,  1781.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
Pennsylvania  convention  of  Dec.  12,  1787,  that 
ratified  the  constitution  of  the  United  States, 
was  elected  governor  of  the  state  of  Delaware  in 
1799,  and  served  till  1808,  when  he  retired  from 
public  life.  He  was  twice  married,  first  in  July, 
1762,  to  Mary,  daughter  of  Joseph  Borden  of 
Bordentown,  N.J.,  who  died  in  February,  1773, 
and  secondly  on  Sept.  3,  1774,  to  Sarah  Armitage 
of  Newcastle,  Del.  The  honorary  degree  of 
LL.D.  was  conferred  on  him  by  the  College  of 
New  Jersey  in  1781,  by  Dartmouth  in  1782,  and  by 
the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  in  1785.  He  is 
the  joint  author  with  James  Wilson  of :  Com 
mentaries  on  the  Constitution  (1790).  He  died 
in  Philadelphia.  Pa.,  June  24,  1817. 

McKEAN,  Thomas  Jefferson,  soldier,  was 
born  in  Burlington,  Pa.,  Aug.  21.  1810.  He  was 
graduated  from  the  U.S.  Military  academy  and 
brevetted  2d  lieutenant,  4th  infantry.  July  1, 
1831.  He  served  in  garrison  in  Louisiana,  Missis 
sippi  and  Missouri,  1831-34;  was  promoted  2d 
lieutenant,  Sept.  15,  1833,  and  resigned,  March 
31,  1834.  He  engaged  in  civil  engineering,  1834- 
37  ;  served  in  the  Florida  war,  1837-38,  as  adju 
tant  of  the  1st  Pennsylvania  volunteers  ;  removed 
to  Iowa  Territory,  where  he  was  a  delegate  to 
the  constitutional  convention  in  1846,  and  at  the 
outbreak  of  the  Mexican  war  he  organized  and 
drilled  a  company  of  volunteers,  with  which  he 
enlisted  as  a  private  in  1847,  and  was  sergeant- 
major  in  the  15th  infantry,  1847-48.  He  was  en 
gaged  in  the  battle  of  Contreras  ;  was  wounded 
at  Churubusco  ;  served  at  Molino  del  Key  ;  at  the 
storming  of  Chapultepec,  and  in  the  capture  of 
Mexico.  He  declined  the  brevet  of  2d  lieutenant 
of  the  1st  dragoons,  June  28,  1848,  and  was  chief 
engineer  of  the  Dubuque  and  Keokuk  railroad. 
1848-51  ;  U.S.  deputy  surveyor  and  general  assist 
ant  to  the  surveyor-general  of  Wisconsin,  1851- 
55  ;  commissioner  to  locate  the  seat  of  government 
of  Iowa,  in  1855 ;  and  sheriff  of  Linn  county, 
Iowa,  in  1859,  where  he  engaged  in  farming, 
1848-61.  He  was  appointed  additional  pay 
master  of  U.S.  volunteers,  June  1,  1861  ;  was 
promoted  brigadier-general  of  U.S.  volunteers, 
Nov.  21,  1861  ;  commanded  Jefferson  City  and 
the  central  district  of  Missouri,  December,  1861, 
to  March,  1862.  and  served  in  the  Mississippi  cam 
paign,  April  to  July,  1862.  He  commanded  Ben- 
ton  barracks  at  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  July  to  Septem 
ber,  1862  ;  Corinth,  Miss.,  September  to  October, 
1862,  and  was  engaged  in  the  battle  of  Corinth, 
Oct.  3-4,  1862,  where  he  commanded  the  6th  divi 
sion,  Army  of  West  Tennessee.  He  commanded 


[260] 


McKEAN 


McKEE 


the  northeast  district  of  Missouri,  January  to 
June.  1803  ;  the  district  of  Nebraska,  June,  18655, 
to  March,  18(54,  and  the  district  of  South  Kansas, 
March  to  August,  1804.  He  served  as  chief  of 
cavalry,  Department  of  the  Gulf,  September 
to  October,  1804 ;  was  on  court-martial  duty, 
October  to  December,  1804  ;  in  command  of  the 
district  of  West  Florida,  December,  1864,  to  Feb- 
uary,  1865,  the  district  of  Morgan iza.  La.,  March 
to  April,  1865,  and  the  district  of  southwest 
Missouri,  June  to  August.  1865.  He  was  brevet- 
ted  major-general  of  volunteers,  March  13,  1865, 
for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  during  the 
war.  <'ind  was  mustered  out  of  the  volunteer 
service,  Aug.  24.  1805.  He  settled  as  a  farmer 
near  Marion,  Iowa,  in  1865,  was  mayor  of  Marion 
in  1805  and  was  appointed  pension  agent  for  the 
eastern  district  of  the  state  in  1869.  which  office 
he  declined.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  Republican 
national  convention  at  Chicago,  111..  May  20, 
1868.  He  died  in  Marion,  Iowa,  April  19,  1870. 

McKEAN,  William  Vincent,  editor,  was  born 
in  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Oct.  15.  1820  ;  son  of  William 
and  Helen  McKean,  and  grandson  of  Donald  and 
Anne  (Maguire)  McKean  of  Enniskillen.  He  at 
tended  school  until  1833.  and  in  1836  apprenticed 
himself  as  a  type  founder,  where  lie  was  employed 
for  ten  years.  He  was  married.  Feb.  1.  1841,  to 
Hannah  Rudolph,  daughter  of  Joseph  Rudolph 
and  Susan  (Pastorius)  Tail.  He  held  a  govern 
ment  position  in  Philadelphia,  1846-50.  studied 
];i\v  under  James  C.  Vandyke,  and  was  associate 
editor  with  John  W.  Forney  (q.v.)  of  the  Penn- 
fti/l  en  ilia  n,  1850-53.  He  was  chief  clerk  and  dis 
bursing  officer  of  the  national  house  of  represent 
atives.  1853-56,  was  appointed  examiner  in  the 
patent  office  by  President  Pierce,  but  resigned 
upon  being  appointed  secretary  to  James  Bucha 
nan.  Democratic  Presidential  candidate.  He  was 
editor-in-chief  of  the  Inquirer,  1860-64.  and  editor- 
in-chief  of  the  Public  Ledger,  1864-91  :  and  in 
1891  he  retired  from  active  life.  He  was  the 
founder  of  the  children's  free  excursions  in  1872 
and  chairman  of  the  executive  committee  for 
three  years  ;  a  member  and  manager  of  the 
Franklin  Institute  and  of  the  Moyamensing  Liter 
ary  institute,  and  a  member  of  the  Academy  of 
Natural  Sciences,  the  American  Philosophical 
society  and  the  Pennsylvania  Historical  society. 

McKEAN,  William  Wister,  naval  officer,  was 
born  in  Huntingdon  county,  Pa.,  Sept.  19,  1800; 
•son  of  Judge  Joseph  Borden  and  Hannah  (Miles) 
McKean,  and  grandson  of  Thomas  and  Mary 
(Borden)  McKean.  His  grandfather  was  the 
signer.  He  entered  the  U.  S.  navy  as  a  midship 
man,  Nov.  30,  1814,  and  was  promoted  lieutenant, 
Jan.  13,  1825.  He  commanded  a  schooner  in 
Com.  David  D.  Porter's  squadron  in  1823-24,  and 
aided  in  suppressing  piracy  along  the  Cuban  coast 


and  among  the  West  India  islands.  He  was  pro 
moted  commander,  Sept.  18,  1841  ;  captain,  Sept. 
14,  1855,  and  in  1860  conveyed  the  Japanese  em 
bassy  to  Japan.  He  was  appointed  to  the  command 
of  the  Western  Gulf  blockading  squadron  in  1861, 
and  was  retired  Dec.  27,  1861.  He  was  promoted 
commodore  on  the  retired  list  July  16,  1862,  and 
died  near  Binghamton.  N.Y..  April  22,  1865. 

McKEE,  George  Colin,  representative,  was 
born  in  Joliet,  111.,  Oct.  2,  1836  or  1837,  He  at 
tended  the  academic  department  of  Knox  college 
and  took  a  partial  collegiate  course  at  the  Illinois 
Liberal  institute,  1852-54.  He  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1858,  practised  in  Centralia,  111.,  where 
he  also  held  the  office  of  city  attorney,  1858-61. 
He  enlisted  in  April,  1861,  in  the  llth  Illinois 
infantry  for  three  months,  and  upon  the  re 
organization  of  the  regiment  for  three  years' 
service  he  became  captain  of  a  company.  He  was 
wounded  at  Fort  Donelson,  at  Shiloh  and  at 
Vicksburg.  At  Vicksburg,  his  regiment  in  Reed's 
brigade,  McArthur's  division,  McPherson's  corps, 
lost  heavily,  Lieut. -Col.  Garrett  Nevins,  in  com 
mand,  being  killed.  In  the  Red  River  campaign 
he  was  promoted  brigadier-general  of  volunteers 
and  enrolled  and  equipped  the  1st  brigade,  corps 
d'Afrique,  composed  of  the  1st,  3d,  12th  and  22d 
colored  infantry  attached  to  Banks's  army.  At 
the  close  of  the  war  he  settled  in  Vicksburg, 
Miss.,  where  he  practised  law,  and  engaged  in 
planting  in  Madison  county,  Miss.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  Mississippi  constitutional  conven 
tion  in  1867,  was  register  in  bankruptcy  and  was 
elected  a  representative  to  the  40th  congress, 
1867-69,  but  the  state  was  refused  representation. 
He  was  a  representative  from  the  fifth  Mississippi 
district  is  the  41st,  42d  and  43d  congresses,  serv 
ing  from  Feb.  23,  1870.  to  March  4,  1875.  He  subse 
quently  removed  to  Jackson,  Miss.,  where  he 
practised  law  and  was  postmaster.  He  died  in 
Jackson.  Miss.,  Nov.  17,  1890. 

McKEE,  James,  educator,  was  born  in  Raleigh, 
N.C..  Jan.  5,  1844;  son  of  Dr.  William  Henry 
and  Susan  E.  (Battle)  McKee.  He  was  prepared 
for  college  at  the  Lovejoy  school,  Raleigh,  and 
matriculated  at  the  University  of  North  Carolina. 
The  civil  war  closed  the  university  and  he  enlisted 
in  the  Confederate  arrny,  joining  the  1st  North 
Carolina  volunteers.  He  was  lieutenant  and  drill 
master  in  camps  of  instruction  at  Raleigh  and 
Morgantown,  1862  :  participated  in  the  action  at 
Kinston  and  Jones  Farm,  N.C.,  was  assigned  to 
the  7th  N.C.  regiment  and  took  part  in  the  defence 
of  Petersburg,  Va.,  1864;  returning  with  the 
regiment  in  January,  1865,  to  North  Carolina  to 
intercept  deserters.  After  the  fall  of  Richmond 
his  regiment  escorted  President  Davis  and  his 
family  from  Danville,  Va.,  to  Greensboro,  N.C. 
After  the  war  he  studied  medicine,  was  graduated 

[261] 


McKEE 


McKEEN 


at  Bellevue  Hospital  Medical  college,  New  York 
city,  iu  1869,  and  practised  in  Raleigh.  He  was 
married  iu  1873  to  Mildred,  xlaughter  of  John 
Sasser  of  Wayne  county,  N.C.  He  was  elected 
secretary  of  the  North  Carolina  Medical  society  ; 
president  of  the  Raleigh  Medical  academy,  and  a 
delegate  to  the  American  Medical  association. 
He  is  credited  with  being  the  first  medical  practi 
tioner  iu  America  systematically  to  instruct  die 
negro  race  in  medical  science.  He  was  elected 
professor  in  the  Leonard  Medical  college  con 
nected  with  Shaw  university  at  Raleigh  at  its 
foundation,  and  for  several  years  filled  the  chair 
of  obstetrics  and  diseases  of  women  and  children 
iu  that  institution.  In  1881  he  was  elected  dean 
of  the  faculty  and  to  him  is  largely  due  the  suc 
cess  that  attended  this  institution  in  its  pioneer 
efforts  to  instruct  the  negroes  in  the  sciences. 
He  served  also  as  visiting  physician  to  the  Leonard 
Medical  College  hospital  and  to  St.  Agnes  hos 
pital  ;  as  local  surgeon  to  the  Southern  railway 
company  ;  as  visiting  surgeon  and  as  trustee  of 
the  Rex  hospital,  as  a  member  of  the  National 
Association  of  Railway  Surgeons  ;  as  superintend 
ent  of  health  for  the  city  of  Raleigh  and  as  com 
piler  of  the  vital  statistics  of  the  city. 

McKBE,  John,  representative,  was  born  in 
Rockbridge  county,  Va. ;  son  of  John  and  Esther 
(Houston)  McKee ;  grandson  of  Robert  McKee 
who  came  from  Ireland  to  America  about  1738, 
and  subsequently  settled  in  Augusta  county,  Va.; 
and  a  cousin  of  Gen.  Sam  Houston.  He  was 
stationed  in  East  Mississippi  as  U.S.  agent  for 
the  Chickasaw  Indians  in  1812,  and  in  1813  was 
largely  influential  in  causing  the  Choctaws  and 
Chickasaws  to  side  with  the  government  against 
the  Creeks,  and  he  marched  with  a  large  force  of 
friendly  Indians  to  destroy  the  Creek  town  at  the 
falls  of  Tuscaloosa,  Ala.  Several  years  later  he 
was  appointed  an  officer  in  the  land  office  at 
Tuscaloosa,  anil  was  one  of  the  first  settlers  of 
Tuscaloosa  county.  He  was  a  representative 
from  Alabama  in  the  18th,  19th  and  20th  con 
gresses,  1823-39.  In  1829  he  was  one  of  the  com 
missioners  who  negotiated  the  treaty  of  Dancing 
Rabbit  by  which  a  large  tract  of  land  west  of  the 
Tombigbee  was  acquired  from  the  Choctaws. 
He  die  1  in  Greene  county,  Ala.,  about  1834. 

McKEE,  Samuel,  representative,  was  born  in 
Montgomery  county,  Ky.,  Nov.  5,  1833.  He  was 
graduated  at  Miami  university  in  1857.  and  at  the 
Cincinnati  Law  school  in  1858  ;  and  practised  at 
Mount  Sterling,  Ky.,  1858-02.  In  July,  1802,  lie 
entered  the  Federal  army  as  captain  in  the  14th 
Kentucky  cavalry.  On  March  22,  1803.  he  was 
captured  and  placed  in  Libby  Prison,  from  where 
he  was  released,  April  30,  1804,  and  mustered  out 
of  the  service.  He  was  a  Republican  represent 
ative  from  Kentucky  in  the  39th  and  40th  con 


gresses,  1805-09.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  Loyal 
ists'  convention  at  Philadelphia,  1800,  and  U.S. 
pension  agent  at  Louisville,  Ky.,  1809-71.  He 
resumed  the  practice  of  law  in  Louisville,  Ky.,. 
in  1871,  and  subsequently  removed  to  Dayton, 
Ohio.  He  died  at  Louisville.  Ky.,  Dec.  11,  1898. 

McKEE,  William  James,  soldier,  was  born  in 
Madison,  Ind.,  Dec.  12,  1853;  son  of  Robert  S. 
and  Celine  (Lodge)  McKee,  and  grandson  of 
James  and  Agnes  (McMullen)  McKee,  and  of 
William  Johnson  and  Mary  Grant  (Lemon) 
Lodge.  He  was  graduated  from  the  Collegiate  and 
Commercial  institute,  New  Haven,  Conn.,  and 
engaged  in  mercantile  pursuits  at  Indianapolis, 
Ind.  He  was  married,  Feb.  20,  1878,  to  Fannie  B. 
McKinney  of  Indianapolis.  He  became  a  mem 
ber  of  the  national  guard  of  the  state,  and  in 
May,  1893,  w^as  appointed  brigadier-general,  com 
manding.  At  the  outbreak  of  the  Spanish-Amer 
ican  war  he  was  appointed  brigadier-general 
U.S.V.,  May  27,  1898,  and  was  successively  in 
command  of  the  2d  brigade,  2d  division,  1st  army 
corps  ;  the  2d  division,  1st  army  corps  ;  the  3d 
brigade,  1st  division,  1st  army  corps  and  the  2d 
separate  brigade,  2d  army  corps,  serving  in  camps 
at  Chickamauga  National  Park,  Ga.,  Knoxville, 
Tenn.,  and  Macon.  Ga.  He  was  honorably  dis 
charged  from  the  volunteer  service,  March  15, 
1899,  and  returned  to  Indianapolis,  Ind.,  being 
recommissioned  brigadier-general,  commanding, 
Indiana  national  guard,  on  the  same  day. 

McKEEN,  Joseph,  educator,  was  born  in  Lon 
donderry,  N.H.,  Oct.  15,  1757  ;  son  of  Deacon 
John,  and  grandson  of  James  McKeen,  Scotch 
Presbyterians,  who  immigrated  from  London 
derry,  Ireland,  about  1718,  and  settled  in  New 
Hampshire.  Joseph  was  graduated  from  Dart 
mouth,  A.B.,  1774,  A.M.,  1777,  and  taught  school 
in  his  native  village,  1774-82.  He  was  a  volunteer 
soldier  under  Gen.  John  Sullivan  in  Rhode  Island, 
1778  ;  a  student  at  Harvard  college,  1783  ;  a  teacher 


[262] 


BOWOOIAJ     <CLLF_Gtt     IN     I  8  2.S  . 


at  Phillips  Andover  academy,  1783-84:  studied 
theology,  licensed  by  the  presbytery  of  Londonder 
ry,  and  after  preaching  in  Boston  a  short  time  he 
dissolved  his  connection  with  the  Presbyterian 
church.  In  May,  1785,  he  was  ordained  pastor 
of  the  Congregational  church,  Lower  Beverly, 
Mass.  He  resigned  the  pastorate  early  in  1802, 


McKEEVER 


McKEEVER 


having  been  elected  the  first  president  of  Bowdoin 
college  in  July,  1801.  He  was  inaugurated  in  a 
pine  grove  on  the  campus,  there  being  no  building 
to  hold  the  assemblage,  September,  1802,  having 
meantime  visited  Harvard,  Brown,  Yale  and 
Williams  colleges  in  company  with  John  Abbot, 
whom  he  had  selected  as  professor  of  ancient 
languages  and  classical  literature.  President 
McKeen,  besides  teaching  mental  and  moral  phil 
osophy,  filled  the  anticipated  chairs  of  mathe 
matics  and  of  chemistry,  mineralogy  and  natural 
philosophy,  until  1805,  when  Parker  Cleveland 
was  inaugurated  as  professor  of  those  branches. 
President  McKeen  held  his  first  commencement 
in  September,  1806,  and  he  had  matriculated  forty- 
four  students  and  given  the  bachelor's  degree 
to  seven  besides  conferring  the  bachelor's  or  mas 
ter's  degree  ad  eundem  on  fourteen  recent  grad 
uates  of  Harvard,  Yale  and  Dartmouth.  He  was 
stricken  with  painful  disease  which  kept  him 
from  his  college  duties  the  next  school  year  and 
ended  his  life  ;  and  he  was  succeeded  by  the  Rev. 
Jesse  Appleton.  He  received  the  honorary  degree 
of  D.D.  from  Dartmouth  in  1803.  He  contributed 
scientific  articles  to  the  Transactions  of  the 
American  Academy  of  Arts  and  Sciences,  and  pub 
lished  a  few  sermons.  He  died  in  Brunswick, 
Maine,  July  15,  1807. 

McKEEVER,  Chauncey,  soldier,  was  born  in 
Baltimore,  Md.,  Aug.  31,  1829  ;  son  of  Com.  Isaac 
and  Mary  Flower  (Gamble)  McKeever.  He  was 
graduated  at  the  U.S.  Military  academy  in  July, 
1849,  and  brevetted  2d  lieutenant,  1st  artillery. 
He  served  in  Florida,  1849-50  ;  was  promoted  2d 
lieutenant  and  assigned  to  the  3d  artillery,  July 
27,  1850.  He  was  on  leave  of  absence  on  his 
father's  flagship  the  Congress  in  Brazilian  waters, 
1850-51;  was  assistant  professor  of  mathematics 
in  the  U.S.  Military  academy.  1851-55  ;  promoted 
1st  lieutenant,  Dec.  24.  1853  ;  was  on  frontier 
and  garrison  duty,  1855-60.  and  on  leave  of 
absence,  1860-61.  He  was  instructor  in  artil 
lery  to  Maj.  W.  T.  Sherman's  command,  Wash 
ington,  D.C.,  May  28  to  June  12,  1861  ;  and 
was  assistant  adjutant-general  on  the  staff  of 
Generals  Heintzelman  and  McDowell  in  the  de 
fence  of  Washington  and  the  battle  of  Bull  Run, 
and  of  General  Fremont  in  the  western  depart 
ment  until  Nov.  20,  1861.  He  was  promoted 
captain  of  staff,  Aug.  3,  1861  ;  was  mustering 
officer  for  the  District  of  Columbia,  chief  of  staff 
of  the  3d  army  corps,  and  served  in  the  Virginia 
peninsular  campaign  with  the  Army  of  the  Poto 
mac.  He  served  in  the  northern  Virginia  cam 
paign,  in  the  defences  of  Washington,  1862,  with 
the  rank  of  lieutenant-colonel  and  assistant  ad- 
jutant-general,  U.S.  volunteers ;  and  was  on 
special  duty  in  the  war  department  and  as  as 
sistant  in  the  provost-marsh al-general's  bureau, 


1863-66.  He  was  promoted  major  and  assistant 
adjutant-general,  July  17,  1862.  He  was  brevet 
ted  lieutenant-colonel,  Sept.  24,  1864,  for  services 
during  the  war  ;  colonel,  March  13,  1805,  for 
"  diligent,  faithful  and  meritorious  services  in 
the  adjutant-general's  department  "  ;  and  briga 
dier-general,  March  13,  1865,  for  "  faithful  and 
meritorious  services  during  the  war."  He  was 
promoted  assistant  adjutant-general  with  the 
rank  of  lieutenant-colonel,  March  3,  1875,  and 
was  assigned  to  the  department  of  San  Francisco. 
He  was  promoted  colonel,  Feb.  28,  1887,  and  was 
retired,  Aug.  31,  1893,  by  operation  of  law.  He 
married  Fanny,  daughter  of  William  Chauncey, 
of  New  York  city.  She  died  in  Washington, 
D.C.,  in  1900,  and  left  three  daughters,  two  of 
whom  accompanied  their  father  to  Europe  where 
he  visited  the  salt  springs  for  his  health.  He  died 
at  Reichenhall,  Germany,  Sept.  4,  1901. 

McKEEVER,  Isaac,  naval  officer,  was  born  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.,  April  6,  1794.  He  removed  to 
New  Orleans  with  his  father  when  quite  young 
and  entered  the  U.S.  navy  as  midshipman,  Feb. 
1,  1809.  He  was  promoted  lieutenant,  Dec.  9, 
1814,  and  commanded  one  of  the  five  gunboats 
captured  by  the 
British  fleet  at 
Lake  Borgne, 
La.,  December, 
1814.  He  co 
operated  with 
the  army  in  the 
capture  of  Pen- 
sacola  in  1818> 
and  on  April  2  "~ 
of  that  year, 


U.S.S     ST.  LOUIS 


through  strategy,  he  captured  two  leaders 
of  the  Seminoles,  Francis  the  prophet,  or 
Hellis  Hojo,  and  Chief  Himollemico,  who  had 
captured  and  tortured  Lieutenant  Scott,  and  they 
were  promptly  hanged  by  General  Jackson,  April, 
1818.  For  this  service  Lieutenant  McKeever  was 
thanked  in  general  orders.  In  1825  he  was  en 
gaged  against  pirates  in  the  West  Indies  in  com 
mand  of  the  Sea  Gull.  He  was  married  in  1828 
to  Mary  Flower  Gamble  of  Philadelphia.  He 
was  promoted  master  commandant  in  1830  with 
the  title  of  captain.  He  commanded  the  Lexing 
ton,  Brazil  station,  and  while  at  Buenos  Ayres  in 
1833  was  made  government  diplomatic  agent,  the 
U.S.  consul  being  absent,  and  he  represented  the 
U.S.  government  during  the  revolution  of  that 
year.  While  on  a  cruise  in  the  Pacific  in  com 
mand  of  the  Falmouth+in  1833  he  received  the 
commission  of  captain,  and  in  1840  was  ordered 
home.  He  commanded  the  U.S.  corvette  St, 
Louis  in  the  East  India  squadron  in  1845,  and 
when  at  Kororarcka,  New  Zealand,  he  succeeded 
in  saving  the  lives  of  150  Christians  connected 


[203] 


McKEEGHAN 


McKENDREE 


with  the  English  mission,  taking  them  on  board 
the  Falmouth  and  carrying  them  to  Auckland,  for 
which  service  he  received  the  thanks  of  Queen 
Victoria.  He  commanded  the  Brooklyn  navy 
yard,  1847-50  ;  was  promoted  commodore,  and 
assigned  to  the  U.S.  frigate  Congress,  flagship  of 
the  Brazil  squadron.  On  May  10,  1855,  he  was 
made  commandant  of  the  Portsmouth,  Va.,  navy 
yard,  and  he  died  there  April  1.  1856. 

McKEEGHAN,  William  Arthur,  representa 
tive,  was  born  in  Cumberland  county,  N.J., 
Jan.  19,  1842.  His  parents  removed  to  Fulton 
county.  111.,  in  1848,  where  he  lived  on  a  farm 
and  attended  the  public  schools.  He  served 
throughout  the  civil  war  in  the  llth  Illinois 
cavalry  regiment,  and  in  1865  settled  in  Pon- 
tiac,  111.,  where  lie  engaged  in  agriculture.  He 
was  one  of  the  organizers  of  the  Farmers'  As 
sociation  and  was  elected  vice-president  for  the 
eighth  congressional  district.  He  removed  to 
Nebraska  in  1880,  and  settled  on  a  farm  near 
Red  Cloud.  He  was  county  judge  of  Webster 
county,  1885-86  ;  was  the  unsuccessful  candidate 
for  representative  in  the  50th  congress  in  1886, 
being  defeated  by  James  Laud,  Republican,  and 
was  a  Democratic  representative  in  the  52d  and 
53d  congresses,  1891-95. 

MACKELLAR,  Thomas,  type-founder,  was 
born  in  New  York  city,  Aug.  12,  1812  ;  son  of 
Archibald  and  Henrietta  (Andrews)  MacKellar. 
His  ancestors  were  among  the  early  settlers  of 
New  Amsterdam.  He  received  a  good  education 
and  in  1819  he  entered  the  employ  of  J.  &  J. 
Harper  and  was  rapidly  advanced.  He  removed 
to  Philadelphia  in  1883,  and  entered  the  type 
foundry  of  Lawrence  Johnson,  where  he  became 
foreman  and  subsequently  a  partner  of  the  house, 
which  was  succeeded  by  the  firm  of  MacKellar, 
Smith  &  Jordan.  He  became  well  known  as  a 
writer  of  hymns,  among  which  are  "  In  the 
Vineyard  of  Our  Father  "  ;  "  Book  of  Grace  and 
Book  of  Glory  "  and  "  There  is  a  Land  Immor 
tal."  He  was  president  of  the  Typefounders' 
Association  of  the  United  States,  and  a  member 
of  various  scientific  societies.  The  University 
of  Wooster,  Ohio,  conferred  on  him  the  honorary 
degree  of  Ph.D.  in  1883.  He  is  the  author  of: 
Tarn's  Fortnight  Rambles ;  Droppings  from  the, 
Heart;  Lines  for  the  Gentle  and  Loving;  The 
American  Printer,  a  Manual  of  Typography 
(1866);  Rhymes  atween  Times  (1873);  Hymns  and 
a  few  Metrical  Psalms  (1887);  Hymns  and  Later 
Poems  (published  by  his  executors,  1900).  He 
died  in  Philadelphia,  Pa..  Dec.  29,  1899. 

McKELWAY,  St.  Clair,  newspaper  man,  was 
born  in  Columbia,  Mo.,  March  15,  1845  ;  son  of 
Dr.  Alexander  J.  and  Mary  A.  (Ryan)  McKel- 
way.  His  father  was  born  in  Glasgow,  Scotland, 
in  1812,  came  to  America  in  1817  ;  became  med 


ical  director,  U.S.  volunteers,  Army  of  the  Poto 
mac  :  and  died  in  1885.  His  mother,  a  native  of 
Philadelphia,  Pa,,  1813,  died  in  1899.  The  family 
removed  from  Missouri  to  New  Jersey  in  1853, 
where  St.  Clair  McKelway  was  educated  by 
private  teachers.  He  wrote  for  papers  in  Trenton 
and  was  correspondent  of  the  New  York  Tribune, 
1863-65  ;  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  New 
York  city  in  1866,  but  at  once  resumed  journal 
ism.  He  was  connected  with  the  New  York 
World  as  associate  editor  aiid  Washington  cor 
respondent.  1866-70  ;  was  associate  editor  of  the 
Brooklyn  Eagle  from  January.  1870,  to  August  15, 
1878,  and  editor-in-chief  of  the  Albany  Argus 
thereafter  till  December,  1885.  He  then  returned 
to  the  Brooklyn  Eagle  as  editor-in-chief.  He  was 
elected  by  the  legislature  a  regent  for  life  of  the 
University  of  the  State  of  New  York  in  1883. 
He  received  the  honorary  degrees  of  A.M.  from 
Colgate  in  1883  ;  LL.D.  from  Syracuse  in  1890  ; 
L.H.D.  from  Union,  in  1897  ;  and  D.C.L.  from  St. 
Lawrence  in  1898.  He  was  elected  an  honorary 
member  of  the  Long  Island  and  Suffolk  County 
historical  societies,  the  Society  of  Medical  Juris 
prudence,  and  the  Albany  Institute  :  a  director 
of  the  American  Social  Science  association,  and 
a  member  of  the  American  Institute  of  Arts  and 
Letters.  He  became  a  voluminous  writer  and 
a  frequent  lecturer  on  educational,  economic  and 
ethical  subjects.  He  was  married  in  1867  to 
Eleanor  Hutchison  of  Boonville,  Mo.,  who  died 
in  1884  ;  and  secondly  in  1888  to  Virginia  Brooks 
Thompson,  daughter  of  Samuel  W.  Thompson  of 
New  York  city. 

McKENDREE,  William,  M.E.  bishop,  was  born 
in  King  William  county,  Va..  July  6,  1757.  son 
of  John  and  Mary  McKendree.  His  father  was 
a  planter  and  shortly  after  the  commencement 
of  the  Revolutionary 
war  William  joined 
the  American  army 
as  a  private,  was 
advanced  to  the  office 
of  adjutant,  and  later 
placed  in  the  com 
missary  department, 
and  was  present  at 
the  surrender  of  Corn- 
wallis  at  Yorktown. 
He  engaged  as  a 
school  teacher  and 
was  received  into 
the  Virginia  con 
ference  of  the  Me 
thodist  church  on 

trial  in  1787.  He  was  appointed  to  the  Meck 
lenburg  circuit  by  Bishop  Asbury  in  1788.  and  to 
the  Cumberland  circuit  as  an  assistant  to  John 
Barker  in  1789.  He  was  ordained  a  deacon  in 


[2C41 


McKENNA 


McKENNEY 


1790,  and  served  on  the  Portsmouth  and  Amelia 
circuits  until  the  close  of  1791,  when  lie  was 
ordained  an  elder  and  appointed  to  the  Green 
ville  circuit,  where  he  labored  until  November, 
1793.  He  served  on  various  circuits  in  Virginia 
and  on  the  Union  circuit  in  South  Carolina  until 
1796.  He  was  then  appointed  presiding  elder  of 
the  Richmond  district,  and  in  1799,  of  the  Balti 
more  district,  returning  to  the  Richmond  district 
in  1800.  In  September,  1800,  he  was  appointed 
presiding  elder  of  the  Kentucky  district,  and  in 
1804  presided  over  the  conference  at  Mt.  Garretson, 
Ky.,  in  the  absence  of  the  Bishops  Asbury  and 
Whatcoat.  He  was  transferred  to  the  Cumber 
land  district  in  Illinois  in  1805,  and  in  1807 
preached  in  Ohio,  Kentucky  and  Missouri.  lie 
was  a  delegate  to  the  General  conference  in  Bal 
timore,  Md.,  in  May,  1808.  and  was  there  elected 
bishop  to  take  the  place  of  Bishop  Whatcoat,  who 
died  in  1806.  He  was  consecrated  in  the  Light 
Street  church,  Baltimore,  Md.,  May  17,  1808,  by 
Bishop  Asbury  assisted  by  Elders  Garretson, 
Bruce,  Lee  and  Ware.  In  1808-09  he  travelled 
with  Bishop  Asbury,  visiting  nearly  all  the  states 
and  a  part  of  Canada.  He  also  drew  up  the  by 
laws  which  were  adopted  by  all  the  conferences 
in  1810-11.  After  the  death  of  Bishop  Asbury  in 
1816,  and  on  the  election  of  Enoch  George  and 
Robert  R.  Roberts  as  bishops,  the  districts  of  the 
bishops  were  denned.  In  1818  he  visited  the  ex 
treme  western  conferences  and  Indian  mission. 
His  health  failing  he  was  released  from  active 
labor  in  the  conferences  in  1820,  and  continued 
to  travel  in  the  west  among  the  Indians.  He  also 
attended  important  conferences  in  the  different 
states,  and  presided  at  the  general  conference  at 
Baltimore,  Md.,  in  1824,  and  Pittsburg,  Pa.,  in 
1828.  In  1839  he  retired  from  his  labors  and  re 
sided  with  his  father's  family  who  had  removed  to 
Sunnier  county,  Tenn..  in  1810.  He  resumed  his 
duties  in  1830.  in  New  Orleans,  La.,  and  in  October, 
1830.  attended  the  Kentucky  conference  at  Rus- 
sellville.  He  attended  the  General  conference  in 
Philadelphia.  PH.,  in  1832,  where  he  consecrated 
Bishops  Andrews  and  Emery,  and  in  1834  he 
made  a  southern  tour,  returning  to  Nashville, 
Tenn.  He  attended  the  Tennessee  conference  at 
Lebanon  in  1834,  and  then  returned  to  the  resi 
dence  of  his  brother,  Dr.  James  McKendree,  in 
Tennessee.  Bishop  Robert  Paine  wrote  Life  and 
Times  of  Bishop  McKendree  (3  vols.,  1809).  He 
died  in  Sunnier  county,  Tenn.,  March  5,  1835. 

McKENNA,  Joseph,  jurist,  was  born  in  Phil 
adelphia,  Pa.,  Aug.  10,  1843  :  son  of  John  and 
Mary  McKenna.  He  attended  St.  Joseph  college 
and  removed  with  his  parents  to  California  in 
January,  1855,  and  located  at  Benicia,  Solano 
county,  where  he  attended  the  public  schools 
and  was  graduated  from  Benicia  Collegiate  insti 


tute  in   1865.     He  studied    law    with   Professor 
Abbott  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1865.     He 
was  district  attorney  of  Solano  county,  1866-68  ; 
was  married  in  1869  to  Amanda  F.  Borneman  of 
San  Francisco,  removed  to  Suisun,  Cal.,  and  en 
gaged  in  the  practice 
of  his  profession.   He 
was  a   representative 
in     the    state     legis 
lature,      1875-76,     an 
unsuccessful      candi 
date     for    represent 
ative  in  the  45th  and 
46th  congresses,  1876 
and  1878,  and  was   a 
Republican  represen  t- 
ative  in  the  49th-52d 
congresses,      1885-93. 
He   resigned  in    1893 
to    accept      the     ap 
pointment   by     Pres 
ident     Harrison,     of 

judge  of  the  U.S.  circuit  court,  and  served  in 
that  capacity  from  1802  till  March  4,  1896,  when 
he  was  made  attorney-general  in  the  cabinet  of 
President  McKinley.  On  Dec.  16,  1897,  he  was 
appointed  by  President  McKinley  associate  justice 
of  the  U.S.  supreme  court  as  successor  to  Justice 
Field,  retired,  and  he  took  his  seat  on  the  supreme 
court  bench,  Jan.  26,  1898. 

McKENNAN,  Thomas  McKean  Thompson, 
representative,  was  born  at  Dragon  Neck,  New 
castle  county,  Del.,  March  31,  1794  ;  son  of  Capt. 
William  and  Elizabeth  (Thompson)  McKennan. 
He  was  graduated  from  Washington  college,  Pa., 
in  1810,  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1814,  and 
practised  la\v  in  Washington,  Pa.  He  was  mar 
ried,  Dec.  6,  1815,  to  Matilda,  daughter  of  Jacob 
Bowman  of  Washington,  Pa.  He  was  deputy 
attorney-general  for  Washington  county,  1815- 
17  ;  and  a  Whig  representative  in  the  22d,  23d, 
24th,  25th  and  27th  congresses.  1831-39  and  1841- 
43.  He  was  a  presidential  elector  on  the  Harri 
son  and  Tyler  ticket  in  1840,  on  the  Taylor  and 
Fillmore  ticket  in  1848,  and  president  of  the  elec 
toral  college  in  1849.  He  was  appointed  secretary 
of  the  interior  by  President  Fillmore  in  1850.  but 
after  one  month's  service  resigned  and  returned 
to  his  practice  in  Washington,  Pa.  He  received 
the  degree  LL.D.  from  Jefferson  college,  Pa.,  in 
1848 ;  and  was  a  trustee  of  Washington  college, 
1818-52.  He  died  in  Reading,  Pa.,  July  9,  1852. 

McKENNEY,  James  Hall,  clerk  of  the  supreme 
court  of  the  United  States,  was  born  near  Bel- 
air.  Mil.,  July  12,  1837  ;  son  of  John  and  Mary  J. 
(Hall)  McKenney  ;  grandson  of  John  and  Mary 
(Hanna)  McKenney  and  of  James  and  Jane 
(Bowman)  Hall  ;  and  a  descendant  of  John 
McKenney,  who  came  from  the  north  of  Ireland 


McKENNEY 


MACKENZIE 


and  settled  in  Scarborough,  Maine,  in  1668.  His 
paternal  grandfather  removed  from  Massachu 
setts  to  Maryland  in  1791,  and  his  father  was 
editor  of  the  Independent  Citizen,  Belair.  He 
attended  Hartford  academy,  removed  to  Wash 
ington,  D.C.,  in  1845,  was  a  student  at  Rugby 
academy,  and  in  1853  became  assistant  to  the 
clerk  of  the  U.S.  circuit  court, Washington,  D.C. 
On  Nov.  15,  1858,  he  was  appointed  junior  assist 
ant  to  Mr.  Carroll,  clerk  of  the  supreme  court  of 
the  United  States,  and  in  1863,  on  the  appoint 
ment  of  Mr.  Middleton  as  clerk,  became  acting 
deputy.  In  1872  he  was  appointed  deputy  clerk 
of  the  supreme  court  of  the  United  States,  and 
on  May  10,  1880,  by  the  unanimous  vote  of  the 
full  bench  of  justices,  he  was  elected  clerk  as 
successor  to  Mr.  Middleton.  He  was  secretary  to 
the  electoral  commission  in  1877.  He  was  mar 
ried  to  Virginia  D.  Walker,  and  of  their  sons, 
Frederic  Duncan  became  a  lawyer  and  Charles 
Albert  a  civil  engineer. 

McKENNEY,  Thomas  Lorraine,  author,  was 
born  in  Hope  well,  Somerset  county.  Md.,  March 
21,  1785.  He  attended  school  at  Chestertown, 
Md.,  and  engaged  in  mercantile  business  in 
Washington,  D.C.  He  was  appointed  superin 
tendent  of  the  U.S.  Indian  trade  by  President 
Madison,  April  2,  1816,  as  successor  to  Gen.  John 
Macon.  In  1819  an  act  of  congress  prevented  the 
President  from  appointing  officers  for  the  trade 
department  without  the  consent  of  the  senate 
and  he  was  re-appointed  and  confirmed.  On 
March  11,  1824,  a  bureau  of  Indian  Affairs  was 
organized  in  connection  with  the  war  depart 
ment  and  he  was  appointed  chief  of  the  bureau. 
In  1822  charges  of  favoritism  and  a  corrupt  abuse 
of  his  trust  were  preferred  against  him.  The 
case  was  tried  before  a  committee  of  congress, 
where  he  was  completely  vindicated.  He  was  a 
special  commissioner  with  Gen.  Lewis  Cass  in 
1826  to  negotiate  an  important  treaty  with  the 
Chippewa  Indians  at  Fond  du  Lac,  Mich.  Ty.,  and 
he  also  visited  various  tribes  and  induced  them  to 
remove  their  settlements  west  of  the  Mississippi 
river  in  1827.  He  was  dismissed  from  office, 
Oct.  1,  1829,  by  President  Jackson.  It  was  gen 
erally  believed  that  he  was  in  default,  but  in 
1833  all  his  accounts  were  settled  in  full.  He  is 
the  author  of :  Sketches  of  a  Tour  to  the  Lakes, 
of  the  Character  and  Customs  of  the,  Chippeu-a 
Indians  and  of  the  Incidents  Connected  ivith  the 
Treaty  of  "Fond  du  Lac  (1827);  A  History  of  the 
Indian  Tribes  (with  James  Hall,  3  vols.,  1838-44) ; 
Essays  on  the  Spirit  of'Jacksonianism  as  Exem 
plified  in  its  Deadly  Hostility  to  the  Bank  of  the 
United  States  (1835),  and  Memoirs.  Official  and 
Personal,  with  Sketches  of  Travels  among  the 
Northern  and  Southern  Indians  (1846).  He  died 
in  New  York  city,  Feb.  19,  1859. 


McKENZIE,  Alexander,  clergyman,  was  born 
in  New  Bedford,  Mass.,  Dec.  14,  1830;  son  of 
Daniel  and  Phebe  Mayhew  (Smith)  MoKenzie  ; 
grandson  of  Martin  McKenzie,  and  a  descendant 
of  the  Nantucket  Coffins  and  Waternuuis.  He 
was  graduated  from 
Harvard  A.B.,  1859, 
A.M.,  1862.  and  from 
Andover  Theological 
seminary  in  1861.  He 
was  ordained  to  the 
Congregational  min 
istry,  Aug.  28.  1861  ; 
was  pastor  of  South 
church,  Augusta, 
Maine,  1861-67,  and 
in  1867  became  pastor 
of  the  First  church 
(Congregational)  in 
Cambridge,  Mass.  He 
was  married,  Jan. 
24,1865,  to  Ellen  H., 
daughter  of  John  H.  Eveleth  of  Augusta, 
Maine.  He  was  a  lecturer  on  Biblical  theo 
logy  at  Andover  seminary,  1881-82  ;  on  the 
theology  of  the  New  Testament  at  Harvard  Di 
vinity  school,  1882-83  ;  and  a  preacher  to  Harvard 
university,  1886-89.  He  lectured  before  the 
Lowell  Institute.  Boston,  1897-98,  on  "  The  Divine 
Force  in  the  Life  of  the  World."  He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  board  of  overseers  at  Harvard,  1872- 
84,  and  in  1875  was  elected  secretary  of  the 
board.  He  was  elected  president  of  the  board  of 
trustees  of  Wellesley  college  ;  a  trustee  of  Phillips 
academy,  Andover,  Mass..  and  of  the  Hampton 
Institute,  Virginia  ;  president  of  the  Boston  Sea 
man's  Friend  society,  and  a  member  of  the  Mas 
sachusetts  Historical  society.  He  received  the 
degree  of  D.D.  from  Amherst  in  1879  and  from 
Harvard  in  1901.  He  is  the  author  of  :  Two  Boys 
(1870);  Lectures  on  the  History  of  the  First  Church 
in  Cambridge  (1873);  Cambridge  Sermons  (1883); 
Some  Things  Abroad  (1887);  Christ  Himself 
(1896);  A  Door  Opened  (1898);  The  Divine  Force 
in  the  Life  of  the  World  (1899);  and  numerous 
sermons  published  in  pamphlet  form. 

MACKENZIE,  Alexander  Slidell,  naval  officer, 
was  born  in  New  York  city,  April  6,  1803  ;  son  of 

John   and (Mackenzie)    Slidell.    and    brother 

of  Senator  John  Slidell.  He  adopted  his  mother's 
surname  as  his  own  in  1837  upon  the  request  of 
his  maternal  uncle.  Ho  was  warranted  midship 
man  in  the  U.S.  navy  in  1815  ;  accepted  the  com 
mand  of  a  merchant  vessel  in  1822  in  order  to 
advance  his  seamanship  ;  was  commissioned 
lieutenant  in  1825  ;  commander  in  1845,  and  served 
in  the  Mediterranean,  the  West  Indies,  Brazil 
and  on  the  Pacific.  He  commanded  the  Dolphin 
during  the  siege  of  Bahia  and  was  present  at  the 


[266] 


MACKENZIE 


MACKENZIE 


surrender,  lie  commanded  the  brig  Soiners, 
manned  almost  entirely  by  naval  apprentices, 
.and  while  at  sea  in  1842,  discovered  an  intended 
mutiny  on  board.  The  principals  of  this  plot 
were  immediately  placed  in  close  confinement, 
and  after  a  careful  investigation  by  the  officers 
of  the  ship,  three  of  the  leaders,  including  a  sun 
of  John  C.  Spencer,  secretary  of  war,  were  exe 
cuted  at  sea,  Dec.  1,  1842.  Upon  his  arrival  at 
New  York,  a  court  of  inquiry  investigated  Com 
mander  Mackenzie's  conduct  and  approved  of 
his  act.  Subsequently  a  court  martial  held  at  his 
•own  request  also  acquitted  him.  He  was  sent 
to  Cuba  on  a  private  mission  by  President  Polk 
in  May,  1846,  and  thence  sailed  for  Mexico  where 
he  served  as  ordnance  officer  at  Vera  Cruz  and 
•commanded  a  detached  division  of  artillery  at 
Tobasco.  He  is  the  author  of  :  A  Year  in  Spain, 
by  a  Young  American  (182!));  Popular  Essays  on 
Xavitl  Subjects  (1833)  ;  The  American  in  Eng 
land  (2  vols.,  1835);  Spain  Revisited  (2  vols., 
1836);  Life  of  John  Paul  Jones  (2  vols.,  1841);  Life 
of  Commodore  Oliver  H.  Perry  (2  vols.  1841);  Life 
of  Stephen  Decat  ur(  1842)  ;  The  Case  of  the  Somers 
(1843);  and  left  in  manuscript  a  journal  of  a 
tour  in  Ireland.  He  died  at  Tarrytown,  N.Y., 
Sept,  13.  1848. 

MACKENZIE,  Alexander  Slidell,  naval  officer, 
was  born  in  New  York  city,  Jan.  24,  1842  :  son  of 
Com.  Alexander  Slidell  Mackenzie,  U.S.N.  He 
was  appointed  acting  midshipman  U.S.N..  Sept. 
29,  1835,  and  promoted  midshipman,  June  9,  1859  ; 
lieutenant.  Aug.  31.  1861,  and  lieutenant-com 
mander,  July  29,  1865.  He  was  on  board  the  Kineo 
dviring  the  bombardment  and  surrender  of  Forts 
.Jackson  and  St.  Philip  in  1862  and  served  on  the 
Ironsides  during  the  first  attack  on  Fort  Sumter 
in  1863  by  the  squadron  off  Charleston.  During 
an  expedition  against  the  savages  of  the  island  of 
Formosa,  China,  he  was  mortally  wounded,  June 
13,  1867.  A  tablet  to  his  memory  was  placed  on 
the  walls  of  the  U.S.  Naval  academy.  He  died 
at  Formosa.  China,  June  13,  1867. 

MacKENZIE,  James  A.,  representative,  was 
born  in  Christian  county,  Ky.,  Aug.  1.  18-10.  He 
matriculated  at  Centre  college,  Danville,  Ky.. 
in  the  class  of  1858,  but  was  not  graduated.  He 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1861  and  engaged  in 
practice,  but  subsequently  abandoned  it  for 
agricultural  pursuits  at  Long  view.  Ky.  He  was 
a  representative  in  the  state  legislature,  1867-71  ; 
a  presidential  elector  for  the  state  at  large  on  the 
Democratic  ticket  in  1872.  and  was  a  representa 
tive  from  the  second  Kentucky  district  in  the 
45th,  46th  and  47th  congresses,  1877--83.  He  was 
appointed  U.S.  minister  to  Peru,  by  President 
Cleveland  in  1893,  served  until  the  close  of  the 
Democratic  administration  in  1897,  and  then 
resumed  farming  at  Longview. 


MACKENZIE,  James  Cameron,  educator,  was 
born  in  Aberdeen,  Scotland,  Aug.  15,  1852.  His 
early  life  was  spent  in  Wilkesbarre,  Pa.,  where 
he  first  attended  school.  He  was  prepared  for 
college  at  Phillips  Exeter  academy,  entered 
Lafayette,  was  editor  of  Lafayette  College  Jour 
nal,  1877-78,  and  was  graduated  valedictorian, 
A.B.,  1878,  A.M.,  1881.  He  was  founder  and 
principal  of  the  Harry  Hillman  academy,  Wilkes 
barre,  1878-82  ;  was  a  special  student  at  Prince 
ton  Theological  seminary,  1882,  and  was  ordained 
by  the  presbytery  of  Lackawanna,  April  21,  1885. 
He  organized  and  for  seventeen  years  was  head 
master  of  the  Lawrenceville  school,  1882-99  ; 
studied  educational  methods  in  Europe,  1899,  and 
in  September  of  that  year  accepted  the  director 
ship  of  the  Jacob  Tome  institute,  Port  Dupont, 
Md.,  established  through  a  bequest  of  $5,000,000 
made  by  Jacob  Tome  (q.v.)  and  originated  the 
plans  for  the  buildings,  grounds  and  an  advanced 
organization  of  the  school  originally  commenced 
in  1894.  He  received  the  degree  of  Ph.D.  from 
Lafayette  in  1882  ;  was  a  founder  and  in  1897 
president  of  the  Head  Masters'  association  :  pres 
ident  of  the  Association  of  Colleges  and  Prepa 
ratory  schools,  and  president  of  the  congress  on 
International  Secondary  Education,  Chicago, 
1893,  by  appointment  of  the  Secretary  of  the 
Interior. 

MACKENZIE,  Ranald  Slidell,  soldier,  was 
born  in  Westchester  county,  N.Y.,  July  27,  1840  ; 
son  of  Commander  Alexander  Slidell  Mackenzie, 
U.S.N.  He  was  graduated  from  the  U.S.  Mili 
tary  academy,  June  17,  1862.  and  promoted 
second  lieutenant  in  the  engineer  corps.  He 
served  as  assistant  engineer,  9th  army  corps,  in 
the  northern  Virginia  compaign.  He  was  bre 
vetted  1st  lieutenant,  Aug.  29,  1862,  for  "  gallant 
and  meritorious  services  at  the  battle  of  Ma- 
nassas.  Va.,  "  where  he  was  wounded.  He  was 
attached  to  the  engineer  battalion  in  the  Mary 
land  campaign,  being  engaged  in  repairing 
bridges,  and  subsequently  participated  in  the 
battle  of  Fredericksburg,  Dec.  13,  1862,  as  engi 
neer  of  General  Simmer's  grand  division.  He 
was  promoted  1st  lieutenant,  corps  of  engi 
neers,  March  3,  1863,  was  brevetted  captain, 
May  3,  1863,  "for  gallant  and  meritorious  serv 
ices  at  the  battle  of  Chancellorsville,  Va." ; 
served  in  the  Pennsylvania  campaign  as  com 
mander  of  an  engineer  company,  engaged  in 
laying  bridges  over  the  Occoquan  river,  June  14, 
1863,  and  across  the  Potomac  at  Edwards  Ferry, 
June  21,  1863.  He  was  brevetted  major  for 
Gettysburg,  Pa.,  and  was  engaged  during  the 
Rapidan  campaign  in  repairing  and  guarding 
bridges.  He  was  promoted  captain  of  the  corps 
of  engineers,  Nov.  6.  1863,  and  participated  in 
the  Richmond  campaign  in  command  of  the 
267] 


MACKENZIE 


MACKEY 


engineer  company.  He  commanded  the  2d  Con 
necticut  artillery  in  Upton's  brigade,  Russell's 
division,  Wright's  corps,  in  the  Richmond  cam 
paign,  and  was  wounded  at  the  siege  of  Peters 
burg.  He  was  brevetted  lieutenant-colonel, 
June  18,  1864.  "for  gallant  and  meritorious 
services  before  Petersburg,  Va." ;  and  com 
manded  the  2d  Connecticut  heavy  artillery,  6th 
army  corps,  in  the  Shenandoah  campaign,  Aug. 
lo  to  Oct.  19,  1864,  participating  in  the  battles  of 
Opequan  and  Fisher's  Hill.  At  Cedar  Creek,  Oct. 
19,  1864.  he  commanded  the  3d  brigade,  1st  di 
vision,  6th  army  corps,  after  Col.  J.  E.  Hamblin 
fq.v.).  was  wounded,  and  was  himself  wounded. 
He  was  brevetted  colonel,  Oct.  19,  1864,  for 
Cedar  Creek,  and  on  Oct.  19,  1864,  was  commis 
sioned  brigadier-general  of  volunteers.  He  com 
manded  the  3d  brigade,  Wheaton's  division,  6th 
corps  at  Petersburg  and  Richmond,  Dec.  31,  1864; 
Mackenzie's  cavalry  division  in  the  Appomat- 
tox  campaign  ;  was  brevetted  brigadier-general 
U.S.A.  and  major-general  of  volunteers,  March 
13.  1865,  "  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  in 
the  field  during  the  rebellion,"  and  engaged  in 
the  battle  of  Five  Forks,  the  pursuit  of  Gen. 
Lee's  army,  and  was  present  at  the  surrender  at 
Appomattox,  April  9,  1865.  He  continued  in 
command  of  Mackenzie's  cavalry  division  from 
April  to  August,  1865,  and  was  mustered  out  of 
the  volunteer  service,  Jan.  15,  1866.  He  engaged 
in  the  construction  of  the  defences  of  Portsmouth 
harbor,  N.H.,  from  February,  1866,  to  May,  1867. 
He  was  promoted  colonel,  March  6.  1867,  briga 
dier-general,  Oct.  26,  1883,  and  was  placed  on  the 
retired  list,  March  24,  1884.  He  died  on  Staten 
Island,  N.Y.,  Jan.  19.  1889. 

MACKENZIE,  Robert  Shelton,  author,  was 
born  at  Drew's  Court,  Limerick,  Ireland,  June 
22,  1809  ;  son  of  Capt.  Kenneth  Mackenzie,  author 
of  a  volume  of  Gaelic  poetry  (Glasgow,  1796).  He 
was  graduated  from  Dublin  university,  M.D., 
1825 ;  taught  school  in  Fermoy,  1825-27  ;  be 
came  editor  of  a  county  journal  in  Staffordshire, 
England,  and  was  employed  in  general  literary 
work.  He  was  the  English  correspondent  of  the 
New  York  Evening  Star,  1834-51,  editor  and  part 
proprietor  of  a  railway  journal  in  London,  1845- 
51,  and  an  active  member  of  Lord  Brougham's 
Law  Amendment  society  in  1847.  He  came  to 
the  United  States  in  1852,  engaged  in  literary 
work  in  New  York  city,  and  became  foreign  and 
literary  editor  of  the  Philadelphia  Press  in  1857, 
and  continued  his  connection  with  that  publica 
tion  during  his  lifetime.  He  received  the  de 
gree  of  LL.D.  from  Glasgow  university  in  1834, 
and  that  of  D.C.L.  from  Oxford  in  1844.  He 
edited  and  published  several  works  in  London. 
His  American  publications  include  :  Sliiel's 
Sketches  of  the  Irish  Bar  (2  vols.,  1854)  ;  The 


Nodes  Ambrosiance  of  Blackivood's  Magazine 
(5  vols.,  1854);  De  Quincey's  Klosterheim  (1855); 
Life  of  Cur  ran  (1855);  Bits  of  Blarney  (1855)  ; 
Lady  Morgan's  O'Briens  and  O' Flaherties  (2 
vols.,  1857);  Dr.  Maginn's  Miscellaneous  Works 
(5  vols.,  1855-57);  Tressilian  and  His  Friends 
(1859) ;  Memoirs  of  Robert  Houdin  (1859) ;  Life  of 
Charles  Dickens  (1870),  and  Sir  Waller  Scott  : 
the  Story  of  his  Life  (1871).  He  died  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa.,  Nov.  30,  1880. 

McKEON,  John,  representative,  was  born  in 
Albany,  N.Y.,  in  1807.  His  father,  Capt.  James 
McKeon,  a  member  of  the  United  Irishmen, 
came  to  the  United  States  directly  after  the 
rebellion  of  1798,  settled  in  Albany,  N.Y.,  was 
a  soldier  in  the  war  of  1812.  and  removed  to  New 
York  city  soon  after.  John  was  graduated 
from  Columbia,  A.B.,  1825.  A.M.,  1831.  He 
studied  law  in  the  office  of  his  brother  James  in 
New  York  before  entering  college,  and  in  the 
office  of  Judge  John  L.  Macon,  1825-28.  He  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1828  ;  was  a  member  of 
the  state  assembly,  1832-34,  and  a  Democratic 
representative  in  the  34th  congress,  1835-37  ; 
was  defeated  for  the  35th  and  36th  congresses  by 
the  Native  American  candidate,  and  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  the  27th  congress,  1841-43.  He  was 
appointed  district  attorney  for  the  city  and 
county  of  New  York  in  1815,  and  the  office 
having  become  elective  in  1847,  was  retained  in- 
the  office,  serving,  1846-51.  He  visited  Europe  in 
1851,  and  in  1853  was  appointed  by  President 
Pierce  U.S.  attorney  for  the  southern  district  of 
New  York,  to  fill  out  the  nnexpired  term  of 
Charles  O'Conor,  resigned.  He  resumed  practice 
in  New  York  city,  and  in  1858  associated  himself 
with  Frederick  Smyth  in  practice.  He  was  a 
delegate  to  the  Democratic  national  convention 
at  Chicago,  Aug.  29.  1864,  and  to  the  Union  con 
vention  in  Philadelphia,  1866.  He  was  again 
elected  district  attorney  for  the  city  and  county 
of  New  York  in  1881,  and  held  the  office  until 
his  death.  He  was  married  to  Mrs.  Whitney, 
daughter  of  Rear-Admiral  John  D.  Sloat.U.S.N. 
He  died  in  New  York  city,  Nov.  23,  1883. 

MACKEY,  Albert  Qallatin,  author,  was  born 
in  Charleston,  S.C..  March  12,  1807;  son  of  Dr. 
John  Mackey  (1765-1831),  an  educator,  physician 
and  editor.  He  attended  the  public  schools,  taught 
school  to  pay  his  tuition  in  the  medical  depart 
ment  of  the  College  of  South  Carolina,  and  was 
graduated  M.I).,  1832.  He  settled  in  practice  in 
Charleston,  S.C.,  was  demonstrator  of  anatomy 
in  the  medical  department  of  the  University  of 
South  Carolina,  1838-44,  and  in  1844  abandoned 
medicine  and  devoted  himself  to  literature  and 
to  the  study  of  the  Greek,  Latin,  Hebrew  and 
continental  languages.  He  established  and  con 
ducted  The  Southern  and  Western  Masonic  Mis- 


[268] 


MACKEY 


McKIBBEN 


ccllany.  a  \veekly  publication,  in  1849-52.  and  a 
Masonic  quarterly,  1858-60.  He  is  the  author  of  : 
.4  Lexicon  of  Freemasonry  (1845;  3d  ed..  1855); 
The  Mystic  Tie  ( 1 840) ;  Book  of  the  Chapter  ( 1 858)  ; 
^1  History  of  Freemasonry  in  South  Carolina 
(1801):  .4  Manual  of  the  Lodge  (1862):  Cryptic 
Masonry  (1867);  Masonic  Ritualist  (1867);  Sym 
bolism  of  Freemasonry  (1869)  ;  A  Text-Book  of 
Masonic  Jurisprudence  (1869);  Masonic  Parlia 
mentary  Law  (1875);  Encyclopaedia  of  Free 
masonry  (1874).  He  died  in  Fort  Monroe.  Va., 
June  20,  1881. 

MACKEY,  Edward  W.  M.,  representative, 
was  born  at  Charleston,  S.C.,  March  8,  1846.  lie 
was  preparing  for  college  when  the  civil  war 
broke  out,  and  his  studies  were  interrupted.  In 
September,  1865,  he  was  appointed  assistant 
assessor  of  internal  revenue  in  the  second  collec 
tion  district  of  South  Carolina,  and  while  holding 
this  position  he  studied  law  and  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1868.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  state 
constitutional  convention  in  November.  1867  ; 
was  sheriff  of  Charleston  county,  1868-72  ;  was 
elected  an  alderman  of  Charleston,  1868,  1873  and 
1875  ;  was  editor  and  proprietor  of  the  Charleston 
Republican,  1871-72  ;  was  a  representative  in  the 
state  legislature,  1874  and  1877,  being  speaker  of 
the  house  in  1877  ;  was  a  delegate  to  every  Re 
publican  state  convention  from  the  organization 
of  the  party  in  South  Carolina  in  1868,  and  sev 
eral  times  president  of  the  convention  ;  a  dele 
gate  to  the  Republican  national  conventions  of 
1872  and  1880,  being  chairman  of  the  South  Car 
olina  delegation  in  1880  ;  was  a  representative  in 
the  44th  and  47th  U.S.  congresses,  1875-77,  and 
1881-83  ;  claimed  to  have  been  elected  to  the 
46th  congress,  and  contested  M.  P.  O'Connor's  seat 
without  success  ;  and  was  assistant  U.S.  attorney 
for  South  Carolina,  1878-81.  He  died  in  Charles 
ton.  S.C. 

MACKEY,  Levi  Augustus,  representative, 
was  born  in  White  Deer  township,  Union  county, 
Pa.,  Nov.  25,  1819  ;  son  of  Thomas  S.  and  Cath 
erine  (Angstatt)  Macke}%  both  of  Berks  county, 
Pa.  In  1829  he  removed  with  his  parents  to 
Milton,  Pa.,  was  prepared  for  college  by  the  Rev. 
David  Kivkpatrick,  and  was  graduated  from 
Union  college,  N.Y..  A.B.,  1837,  with  highest 
honors,  A.M.,  1840.  He  studied  law  under  the 
Hon.  James  Pollock,  and  at  the  law  school  of 
Dickinson  college  ;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1840,  and  in  1841  settled  in  practice  at  Lock 
Haven,  Pa.  He  was  married  in  1847  to  Mary, 
daughter  of  Samuel  Hepburn,  of  Milton,  Pa.  He 
was  a  delegate  to  the  Whig  national  convention 
at  Baltimore,  June  16,  1852  ;  was  the  Democratic- 
candidate  for  representative  in  the  41st  congress 
in  1868,  being  defeated  by  W.  H.  Armstrong  ; 
was  the  first  mayor  of  Lockhaven,  1870  ;  a  dele 


gate  to  the  Democratic  national  convention  at 
Baltimore,  July  9,  1872,  and  was  a  representative 
in  the  44th  and  45th  congresses,  1875-79.  He 
was  president  of  the  Central  Normal  School  asso 
ciation  of  Pennsylvania.  He  received  the  hon 
orary  degree  of  LL.D.  He  died  at  Lock  Haven, 
Pa,..  Feb.  8.  1889. 

McKIBBIN,  Chambers,  soldier,  was  born'  in 
Pittsburg,  Pa.,  Nov.  2,  1841  ;  son  of  Chambers 
and  Jane  (Bell)  McKibbin.  He  enlisted  in  the 
U.S.  army  as  a  private,  Sept.  22,  1862  ;  was  pro 
moted  2d  lieutenant,  14th  U.S.  infantry,  Sept.  24, 
1862  ;  1st  lieutenant,  June  10,  1864,  and  was  bre- 
vetted  captain.  Aug.  18,  1864,  for  gallant  services 
in  the  battle  of  North  Anna  River,  Va.,  and  dur 
ing  the  operations  on  the  Weldon  railroad.  He 
was  transferred  to  the  32d  U.S.  infantry,  Sept. 
21,  1866  ;  was  promoted  captain  in  the  35th  U.S. 
infantry,  July  28,  1866,  and  was  transferred  to 
the  15th  U.S.  infantry,  Aug.  12,  1869.  He  was 
promoted  major  of  25th  U.S.  infantry,  April  25, 
1892  ;  lieutenant-colonel  of  21st  U.S.  infantry, 
May  1,  1896,  and  colonel  of  12th  U.S.  infantry, 
April  1,  1899.  At  the  outbreak  of  the  war  with 
Spain  he  accompanied  General  Shatter's  army  to 
Cuba,  and  was  engaged  in  the  battle  of  Santiago 
de  Cuba,  July  1,  1898.  He  was  made  brigadier- 
general  of  volunteers,  July  8,  1898,  'and  was 
appointed  military  governor  of  Santiago  de  Cuba. 
He  commanded  successively  the  2d  brigade,  2d 
division.  5th  army  corps  ;the  1st  brigade,  2d  divi 
sion,  5th  army  corps,  and  the  1st  brigade,  1st  divi 
sion,  2d  corps,  Sept.  22.  1898.  to  April  1,  1899.  He 
was  honorably  discharged  from  the  volunteer  serv 
ice,  May  12,  1899,  and  assumed  command  of  the 
Department  of  Texas,  June  6,  1899. 

McKIBBEN,  George  Fitch,  teacher,  was  born 
in  Lima,  Ohio,  Oct.  2.  1851  ;  son  of  John  and 
Mary  (Kendall)  McKibben,  and  grandson  of 
William  and  Anne  (Moore)  McKibben  and  of 
Simon  and  Elizabeth  (Kent)  Kendall.  His  pater 
nal  great  grandfather  emigrated  from  the  north  of 
Ireland  about  1750,  and  settled  in  Penns.ylvania. 
His  maternal  ancestors  emigrated  from  England 
to  New  England  before  1650.  George  attended 
the  public  schools  of  Lima,  was  graduated  from 
Denison  university,  Granville,  Ohio,  A.B.,  1875, 
A.M.,  1878,  and  from  the  Baptist  Union  Theologi 
cal  seminary  at  Morgan  Park,  Chicago,  111..  B.D., 
1881.  He  was 'married,  Dec.  21,  1882,  to  Mary 
Elizabeth  Stilwell,  of  Dayton,  Ohio.  He  was  a 
student  at  the  University  of  Leipzig,  1881-82,  and 
at  Paris,  1891-92.  He  was  a  teacher  in  the  district 
and  public  schools  of  Lima,  and  in  Licking 
county.  Ohio  ;  was  tutor  of  Greek  and  Latin  in 
the  preparatory  department  of  Denison  univer 
sity,  1876-79,  and  was  elected  professor  of  French 
and  German  in  the  university  in  1882.  He  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  American  Philological 


[269] 


AC K  IK 


McKIM 


association  in  1884.  and  of  the  Modern  Language 
association  of  America  in  1880.  He  is  the  author 
of  numerous  articles  and  papers  in  various  peri 
odicals  and  journals. 

MACKIE,  John  Milton,  author,  was  born  in 
Wareham,  Mass..  Dec.  H),  1813.  He  was  grad 
uated  from  Brown  university,  A.B.,  1832,  A.M., 
1835  :  studied  at  Andover  Theological  seminary, 
1832-33,  in  the  University  of  Berlin,  1833-34,  and 
was  a  tutor  in  Brown  university.  1834-3;!.  He 
then  settled  in  Great  Barrington.  Mass.,  and  en 
gaged  in  cultivating  a  farm.  He  contributed 
articles  on  German  history  and  literature  to  re 
views  and  is  the  author  of  :  Life  of  Godfrey  con 
Leibnitz  (1845);  Life  of  Samuel  Gorton  in 
"  Sparks's  American  Biography  "  (1848);  Cosasde 
Expana,  or  Going  to  Madrid  ria  Barcelona  (1848) : 
Life  of  Schainyl,  the  Circassian  Chief  (185(5) ;  Life 
of  Tai-Ping-Waiuj.  Chief  of  the  Chinese  Insurrec 
tion  (1857);  From  Cape  Cod  to  Di.cie  and  the 
Tropics  (1864).  He  died  in  Great  Barrington, 
Mass.,  July  27,  1894. 

McKIM,  Alexander,  representative,  was  born 
at  Baltimore,  Md.,  Jan.  10.  1748;  son  of  Thomas 
and  Agnes  (McMorny)  McKim.  and  grandson  of 
John  McKim  of  Londonderry,  Ireland,  who  came 
to  Pennsylvania,  then  removed  to  Baltimore,  and 
afterward  ^purchased  a  tract  of  land  on  the 
Brandy  winean  Delaware,  where  lie  served  fifteen 
years,  as  one  of 4he  justices  of  the  courts  of  New 
castle  county.  He  finally  settled  in  Baltimore, 
where  his  descendants  became  prominent  and  in 
fluential  citizens.  Alexander  McKim  acquired  a 
good  education  and  in  1778  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  in  the  Maryland  assembly.  During  the 
Revolution  he  served  in  the  field  with  the  Balti 
more  Independent  Cadets,  which,  as  mounted  in 
fantry,  accompanied  Lafayette  on  his  campaign 
into  Virginia  in  1780.  In  1791  he  was  vice-presi 
dent  of  the  Maryland  Society  for  the  Abolition 
of  Slavery  :  in  1794  was  a  member  of  the  board  of 
health,  when  the  yellow  fever  was  epidemic  in 
Baltimore  ;  in  1797  was  a  member  of  a  committee 
to  divide  the  city  into  wards,  and  in  1805  was 
one  of  the  charter  members  of  the  Baltimore 
wat'-r  company.  He  was  elected  to  the  state 
senate  in  18(X5.  and  was  re-elected  in  1808,  and 
served  as  a  Jefferson  Democrat  or  anti-Federalist 
in  tin-  llth,  12th  and  13th  congresses,  1809-15. 
With  his  brother  Robert  in  1814,  he  was  the  first 
to  erect  steam  mills  in  Baltimore  for  the  manu 
facture  of  cotton  goods.  They  owned  the 
'Doljriihi.  a  privateer,  during  the  war  of  1812. 
When  General  Lafayette  visited  Baltimore  in 
1825.  Mr.  McKim  was  on  the  reception  committee, 
and  was  the  only  surviving  member  of  the  Balti 
more  company  that  served  under  that  officer  in 
the  Revolution.  He  was  the  first  president  of  the 
Merchant's  National  bank  of  Baltimore.  He  was 


married  to  Catharine  Sarah  Davy,  and  had  three 
daughters :  Eliza,  who  married  Capt.  David 
Heath,  U.S.N.,  Agnes,  who  married  Nicholas 
Dubois,  and  Catharine  Maria,  who  married 
Charles  Singleton.  Alexander  McKim  died  in 
Baltimore.  Md.,  Jan.  18.  1832. 

McKIM,  Charles  Pollen,  architect,  was  born 
in  Chester  county,  Pa.,  Aug.  24,  1847;  son  of 
James  Miller  and  Sarah  Allibone  (Speakman) 
McKim.  He  was  a  student  at  the  Lawrence 
scientific  school,  Harvard.  1800-67,  and  at  the 


(?)  "^^.'Z^v'^-j-  ••  _'^g 


THE.     BOSTO 


UBLIC    LIBRARY. 


Ecole  des  Beaux  Arts.  Paris,  1807-70.  He  settled 
in  New  York  city  as  an  architect  in  1872.  and 
formed  a  partnership  with  William  R.  Mead  and 
Stanford  White  in  1877.  This  firm  soon  took 
rank  among  the  foremost  architects  in  the  coun 
try.  The  buildings  executed  by  them  are  mostly 
derived  from  the  purest  style  of  classic  architec 
ture.  Mr.  McKim's  name  is  associated  with  the 
buildings  of  Columbia  university;  Rhode  Island 
state  capital  ;  Brooklyn  Institute  of  Arts  and 
Sciences;  Walker  Art  Gallery  of  Bowdoin  college  : 
the  Department  of  Architecture  of  Harvard  uni 
versity  ;  Boston  Music  Hall:  Boston  Public  Li 
brary  ;  Agricultural  and  New  York  state  buildings 
of  the  Chicago  World's  Fair  ;  Newport  and  Nar- 
ragansett  casinos  ;  the  University,  Harvard,  Cen 
tury  and  German  clubs,  New  York  ;  Bowery  Bank  ; 
Bank  of  Montreal  :  churches  at  Stock  bridge, 
Mass.,  and  Morristown,  N.J..  besides  works  of 
monumental  and  memorial  character  and  the  de 
sign  of  many  city  and  country  residences  in 
New  York  city,  Newport.  R.  I.,  Boston,  Mass., 
and  on  the  Hudson  river  at-  Hyde  Park.  He 
was  elected,  1899,  a  member  of  the  Accademia  di 
San  Luca,  of  Rome,  the  oldest  art  society  in  Italy. 
He  was  made  a  member  of  the  art  commission 
of  New  York,  and  of  the  eommissiofi  appointed 
by  congress  for  the  improvement  of  the  Wash 
ington  park  system  :  a  member  of  the  American 
Institute  of  Architects,  and  of  numerous  societies 
in  New  York  and  elsewhere.  He  was  one  of  the 
founders  of  the  American  academy  in  Rome. 
Italy.  He  received  the  honorary  degree  of  A.M. 
from  Harvard  university  in  1890.  and  from  Bow 
doin  college  in  1N94. 
[270] 


McKIM 


McKIM 


McKIM,  Isaac,  representative,  was  born  in 
Baltimore,  Md..  July  21,  1775  ;  son  of  John  and 
Margaret  (Duncan)  McKim,  and  grandson  of 
Thomas  and  Agnes  (McMorny)  McKim.  In  1796 
he  engaged  in  business  with  his  father  as  a 
shipping  merchant  in  Baltimore,  and  later  was 
also  in  the  copper  business.  He  was  extensively 
engaged  in  the  South  American  trade,  in  which 
lie  amassed  a  large  fortune.  He  owned  the 
clipper  Ann  McKim,  one  of  the  fleetest  and 
most  noted  vessels  of  that  day.  In  1812  Isaac 
McKim  advanced  to  the  city  of  Baltimore  $50,000 
to  aid  in  improving  its  defences,  and  when  the 
British  army  approached  Baltimore  in  September, 
1814,  he  became  a  volunteer  aide  on  the  staff  of 
Gen.  Samuel  Smith,  and  took  part  in  the  battle 
of  North  Point  with  the  Maryland  militia.  He 
was  an  active  politician  of  the  Jeffersoniau 
.school.  He  served  one  term  in  the  Maryland 
senate  ;  and  he  was  a  representative  from  Balti 
more  in  the  17th,  18th,  23d,  24th  and  25th  con 
gresses,  1821-2.").  and  1833-39.  In  congress  he  was 
known  as  the  advocate  of  sailors'  rights.  He  was 
active  in  the  early  banking  interests  of  his  native 
city,  and  was  also  a  promoter  of  the  Baltimore 
and  Ohio  railroad,  serving  as  a  member  of  its 
first  board  cf  directors.  His  father  late  in  life 
joined  the  Society  of  Friends,  and  donated  land 
for  the  founding  of  a  free  school  in  Baltimore. 
Isaac  and  his  brother,  William  D.  McKim,  in 
order  to  carry  out  their  father's  plan,  erected  on 
the  land  the  MoKim  building,  in  which  a  school 
was  conducted  under  the  auspices  of  the  Friends 
and  was  still  in  existence  in  1901.  He  was  mar 
ried  to  Ann  Hollins  and  left  no  descendants.  He 
died  in  Baltimore,  Md.,  April  1,  1838. 

McKIM,  James  Miller,  abolitionist,  was  born 
near  Carlisle,  .Pa..  Nov.  14,  1810;  son  of  James 
and  Catharine  (Miller)  McKim,  and  grandson  of 

James  McKim  (1756- 
1794),  the  first  emi 
grant  to  America, 
who  came  from  the 
north  of  Ireland.  He 
was  graduated  at 
Dickinson  college, 
1828  ;  studied  medi 
cine  at  the  Univer 
sity  of  Pennsylvania, 
and  theology  at 
Princeton.  1831,  and 
at  Andover,  1832.  In 
October,  1835,  he 
became  pastor  at 
Womelsdorf,  Pa.,  and 
a  year  later  a  lec 
turing  agent  of  the  American  Anti-Slavery 
society.  In  1840  he  married  Sarah  Allibone 
Speakman,  and  having  withdrawn  from  the 


Presbyterian  church  and  devoted  himself  to  the 
anti-slavery  cause,  he  removed  to  Philadelphia 
to  become  publishing  agent  of  the  Pennsylvania 
Anti-Slavery  society,  and  later  corresponding 
secretary,  serving  until  1862.  In  November, 
1862,  he  called  a  public  meeting  of  the  citizens 
of  Philadelphia  to  decide  upon  the  disposition  of 
the  10,000  slaves  that  had  been  suddenly  liberated 
in  South  Carolina,  and  to  provide  for  their  im 
mediate  wants.  The  Philadelphia  Port  Royal 
Relief  Committee  was  organized  as  an  outcome 
of  this  meeting.  Mr.  McKim  early  advocated 
the  enlistment  of  the  freed  men  in  the  army, 
through  the  Union  League  club  of  Philadelphia, 
of  which  he  was  a  member,  and  aided  in  the  es 
tablishment  of  Camp  William  Penn  and  in  re 
cruiting  eleven  negro  regiments.  Upon  the  en 
larging  of  the  Port  Royal  Relief  Committee  into 
the  Pennsylvania  Freedman's  Relief  Association 
in  November,  1863,  he  was  made  its  correspond 
ing  secretary,  and  was  active  in  establishing 
schools  for  negroes  at  the  South.  In  1865  he  be 
came  corresponding  secretary  of  the  American 
Freedman's  commission,  with  headquarters  in. 
New  York,  and  so  continued  till  its  disband- 
ment  on  his  motion  in  1869.  He  was  a  founder 
and  proprietor  of  the  New  York  Nation  in  1865. 
He  died  in  Llewellyn  Park,  N.J.,  June  13,  1874. 
McKIM,  John,  second  missionary  bishop  of 
Tokyo,  and  the  167th  in  succession  in  the  Ameri 
can  episcopate,  was  born  in  Pittsfield,  Mass..  July 
17,  1852.  He  was  graduated  at  Nashotah  House, 
Nashotah,  Wis.,  in  1879.  having  been  ordered  a 
deacon  at  All  Saints'  Cathedral,  Milwaukee,  Wis., 
June  16,  1878,  by  Bishop  Brown,  who  advanced 
him  to  the  priesthood  in  1879.  He  worked  in  the 
diocese  of  Chicago  fen-  a  brief  time  and  then 
joined  the  workers  in  the  missionary  district  of 
Tokyo,  Japan,  in  charge  of  the  Rt.  Rev.  Channing 
Moore  Williams.  He  founded  seventeen  stations 
and  sub-stations  from  his  headquarters  at  Osaka, 
and  in  March.  1893,  he  was  elected  to  the  bish 
opric  by  the  House  of  Bishops  assembled  in  New 
York  city.  He  was  consecrated  in  St.  Thomas's 
church.  New  York  city,  June  14,  1893,  by  Bishops 
Littlejohn,  Lyman,  Dudley,  Scarborough,  Kin- 
solving  and  Dr.  Alfred  Barry,  primate  of  Aus 
tralia.  On  his  return  to  Japan  he  assumed  the  ad 
ministration  of  the  missionary  district  of  Tokyo 
as  successor  to  the  Rt.  Rev.  C.  M.  Williams,  who 
had  resigned 'in  October,  1889.  In  1898  the  gen 
eral  convention  divided  the  Japan  mission  into 
two  missionary  districts,  Tokyo  and  Kyoto,  the 
latter  being  under  the  charge  of  the  Rt.  Rev.  C. 
M.  Williams  up  to  the  time  of  the  election  of 
the  Rev.  Sidney  Catlin  Partridge,  who  was  con 
secrated  in  1900.  Bishop  McKim  received  the 
honorary  degree  of  D.D.  from  Nashotah  House 
and  Trinity  college  in  1893. 


[271] 


MCKIM 


McKlNLEY 


McKIM,  Randolph  Harrison,  clergyman,  was 
born  in  Baltimore.  Md.,  April  15,  1842;  son 
of  John  S.  and  Catherine  Lilburne  (Harrison) 
McKim;  grandson  of  John  and  Margaret  (Telfair) 
McKim  and  of  Randolph  and  Mary  R.  Harrison 
of  Clifton,  Va.,  and  a  descendant  of  Benjamin 
Harrison  of  Surrey,  Va.  (1035).  He  was  grad 
uated  from  the  University  of  Virginia  in  1861 
and  was  admitted  to  the  diaconate  of  the  Protes 
tant  Episcopal  church  in  1804  and  to  the  priest 
hood  in  1806.  He  served  during  the  civil  war  in 
the  Confederate  army,  first  as  private  soldier, 
afterward  as  staff  officer,  and  upon  the  close  of 
the  war  he  became  assistant  rector  of  Emmanuel 
church,  Baltimore,  Md.  He  subsequently  served 
as  rector  of  churches  at  Portsmouth  and  Alexan 
dria,  Va.;  Harlem,  New  York  city  ;  New  Orleans, 
La.,  and  in  1889  became  rector  of  Epiphany 
church,  Washington,  D.C.  He  is  the  author  of  : 
A  Vindication  of  Protestant  Principles  (1879)  ; 
The  Nature  of  tlie  Christian,  Ministry  (1880);  Fu 
ture  Punishment  (1883);  Bread  in,  the  Desert  and 
Other  Sermons  (1887):  Christ  and  Modern  Unbe 
lief  (1893) ;  Leo  XIII  at  the  Bar  of  History  (1897); 
Present  Day  Problems  of  Christian  Thought 
(1900). 

McKlNLEY,  Ida  Saxton,  wife  of  President 
McKinley,  was  born  in  Canton,  Ohio,  in  June, 
1847  ;  daughter  of  James  Asbury  and  Catherine 
(Dewalt)  Saxton,  and  granddaughter  of  John 
Saxton,  founder  in  1815  and  for  fifty-five  years 

proprietor  of  the  Ohio 
Repository,  published 
at  Canton.  Both  the 
Saxtons  and  the  De- 
wTalts  were  among  the 
earliest  settlers  of 
Canton.  Ida  Saxton 
was  educated  at 
schools  in  Cleveland 
and  at  Brook  Hall 
seminary,  Media,  Pa. 
She  visited  Europe 
for  six  months  in 
1809,  anil  soon  after 
her  return  became 
cashier  in  her  father's 
bank  in  Canton.  She 

was  a  member  of  the  Presbyterian  church 
of  Canton  and  was  married  from  that  church 
to  Maj.  William  McKinley,  Jan.  25,  1871,  re 
ceiving  from  her  father  a,s  a  wedding  gift  a 
handsome  house  in  Canton.  Their  first  child,  Ida, 
born  Dec.  25.  1*71,  lived  to  the  age  of  four,  and 
their  second  child,  Catherine,  died  in  infancy. 
The  shock  attending  the  death  of  her  children 
and  that  of  her  mother,  which  occurred  soon 
after,  resulted  in  a  nervous  disease  which  left 
Mrs.  McKinley  an  invalid  for  life  and  able  to 

[S 


walk  only  with  the  aid  of  a  supporting  arm. 
She  was  a  resident  of  Washington  during  her 
husband's  service  as  representative  in  congress, 
1877-91,  and  during  his  gubernatorial  terms  she 
resided  at  Columbus.  As  mistress  of  the  White 
House  during  his  administration  of  national  af 
fairs,  notwithstanding  her  physical  illness,  she 
successfully  dispensed  the  hospitality  demanded 
from  her  position.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  McKinley  both 
became  members  of  the  First  Methodist  church 
in  Canton,  and  while  in  Washington  attended 
the  Foundry  church.  While  on  a  visit  to  Cali 
fornia  in  1901  she  was  suddenly  prostrated  and 
the  contemplated  trip  was  consequently  aban 
doned  in  San  Francisco.  She  was  taken  to  her 
home  in  Canton  where  she  so  far  regained  her 
accustomed  health  as  to  be  able  to  return  to  the 
White  House  and  in  September,  1901,  to  accom 
pany  her  husband  to  the  Pan-American  exposi 
tion  at  Buffalo,  N.Y.,  where  she  was  his  compan 
ion  and  the  chief  object  of  his  solicitude  in  his 
dying  hour.  As  the  widow  of  the  martyr  Presi 
dent  she  returned  with  his  body  to  Canton,  Sept. 
18,  1901. 

McKlNLEY,  John,  jurist,  was  born  in  Cul- 
peper  county,  Va.,  May,  1780.  He  engaged  in  the 
practice  of  law  in  Louisville,  Ky.,  until  after  1819, 
when  lie  removed  to  Alabama  and  established 
himself  as  a  lawyer  in  Huntsville.  He  was  a 
representative  in  the  Alabama  legislature,  and 
was  elected  to  the  U.  S.  senate  as  a  Jackson 
Democrat  in  place  of  Isaac  Pickens,  the  latter 
appointed  by  Gov.  John  Murphy  to  succeed 
Henry  Chambers,  who  was  elected  to  the  office 
but  died  Jan.  25,  1820,  before  taking  his  seat. 
Mr.  McKinley  assumed  office,  Dec,  21,  1826,  and 
served  till  March  3,  1831.  He  removed  to  Flor 
ence,  Ala.,  in  the  meantime,  and  served  as  a 
representative  in  the  23d  congress,  1833-35.  He 
was  associate  justice  of  the  U.S.  supreme  court, 
1837-52.  He  died  in  Louisville,  Ky.,  July  19,  1852. 

McKINLEY,WILLIAM,  twenty-fifth  President 
of  the  United  States,  was  born  in  Niles,  Ohio, 
Jan.  29,  1843  ;  son  of  William  (1807-1892)  and 
Nancy  Campbell  (Allison)  McKinley  ;  grandson 
of  James  (born  1783)  and  Mary  ("Polly")  (Rose) 
McKinley,  and  of  Abner  and  Ann  (Campbell) 
Allison  ;  great-grandson  of  David  (1755-1840)  and 
Hannah  C.  (Rose)  (1 757-1 S40)  McKinley  and  of 
Andrew  Rose,  an  ironmaster  of  Bucks  count}', 
Pa.,  who  was  sent  home  from  the  Revolutionary 
army  to  make  cannon  and  bullets  ;  great-grand 
son  of  John  (1728-1779)  and  Margaret  McKinley  ; 
and  great3-grandson  of  David  and  Esther  Mc 
Kinley,  who  came  from  Dervock  House,  county 
Antrim,  Ireland,  to  New  Castle,  Del. .in  1743,  with 
their  three  sons,  John.  David,  and  Stephen,  and 
one  daughter,  Mary  (who  married  Samuel  Gor 
don),  and  settled  on  310  acres  of  land  in  what  be- 


McKINLEY 


McKINLEY 


•came  Clianceford  township,  York  county,  Pa. 
David,  the  immigrant,  a  weaver  by  trade,  died  in 
1759.  His  eldest  son,  John,  was  a  wagonmaster 
for  the  committee  of  safety,  and  died  on  his  estate 
(the  homestead  purchased  from  the  heirs),  Feb. 
18,  1779,  and  his  widow  married  Thomas  Mc- 
Culloch  and  died  in  the  winter  of  1781.  John's 
only  son  David  was  born  on  the  homestead,  May 
16,  1735.  He  enlisted  in  Captain  Reed's  company 
of  ferrymen  in  the  war  of  the  Revolution  and  was 
drafted  several  times  for  active  service,  and  after 
the  close  of  the  war  became  an  ironmaster  in 
Westmoreland  county.  He  married  Hannah  C. 
Rose,  who  was  born  in  1757  and  died  in  Chatfield, 
Crawford  county,  Ohio,  in  1840.  He  purchased  a 


THE    AAKTE-jTRAL    HOME    Of  THE 


farm  in  Crawford  county,  Ohio,  in  1814,  and  died 
there  in  1840.  David's  son  James,  born  Sept.  19, 
1783,  married  Mary  ("  Polly  ")  Rose,  of  Pine  town 
ship,  Mercer  county,  Pa.,  about  1805,  and  re 
moved  to  Lisbon,  Columbiana  county,  Ohio. 
His  son  William  was  born  in  Pine  township,  Nov. 
15,  1807,  was  married  in  1829  to  Nancy  Camp 
bell  Allison  (who  died  at  Canton,  Ohio,  Dec.  12, 
1897)  and  was  an  ironmaster  at  New  Wilming 
ton.  Ohio,  and  at  Niles,  Ohio,  where  William, 
the  President,  was  born,  the  seventh  of  a  family 
of  nine  children.  He  attended  Union  seminary, 
Poland,  Ohio,  until  1860,  when  he  entered 
the  junior  class  of  Allegheny  college,  Meadville, 
Pa.,  but  before  closing  his  class  year  was  obliged 
to  leave  on  account  of  a  severe  illness.  He  then 
taught  a  district  school  and  was  clerk  in  the 
Poland  post-office.  On  June  11,  1861,  he  enlisted 
as  a  private  in  Company  E,  23d  Ohio  volunteer 
infantry,  Rutherford  B.  Hayes  being  lieutenant- 
colonel  of  the  regiment.  He  was  inspected  and 
mustered  in  by  Gen.  John  C.  Fremont,  served  in 
western  Virginia,  and  saw  his  first  battle  at 
Carnifex  Ferry,  Sept.  10,  1861.  On  April  15, 1862, 
he  was  promoted  commissary  sergeant  while  in 
camp  at  Fayetteville,  western  Virginia,  and  he 
served  in  the  battle  of  Antietam  with  such  con 
spicuous  gallantry  as  to  win  for  him  promotion, 
Sept.  23,  1862,  to  the  rank  of  2d  lieutenant  of 
Company  D.  On  Feb.  7.  186o.  he  was  made  1st 
lieutenant  of  Company  E,  and  on  July  25,  1864. 

[27 


was  raised  to  the  rank  of  captain  of  Company  G 
for  gallantry  at  the  battle  of  Kernstown,  July  24, 
1864.  He  served  successively  on  the  staffs  of 
Generals  Hayes,  Crook,  and  Hancock,  and  his 
engagements  after  Carnifex  Ferry  were  :  Clarke's 
Hollow,  May  1,  1862  ;  Princeton,  W.  Va.,  May 
16,  1862  ;  South  Mountain,  Md.,  Sept.  14,  1862  ; 
Antietam,  Sept.  17,  1862  ;  Buffington  Island,  O., 
in  Morgan's  raid,  July  19,  1863  ;  Cloyd's  Moun 
tain,  W.  Va.,  May  9,  1864;  New  River  Bridge, 
Va.,  May  9,  1864  ;  Buffalo  Gap,  Va.,  June  6,  1864  • 
Lexington,  Va.,  June  10,  1864  ;  Buchanan,  Va.  ; 
June  14,  1864  ;  Otter  Creek,  Va..  June  16,  1864  ; 
Buford's  Gap,  Va.,  July  21,  1864  ;  Kernstown, 
Va.,  July  24,  1864  ;  Berry ville,  Va.,  Sept.  3, 1864  ; 
Winchester,  Va.,  Sept.  19, 1864  ;  Fisher's  Hill,  Va.. 
Sept.  22,  1864,  and  Cedar  Creek,  Va.,  Oct.  19. 
1864.  He  was  brevetted  major,  March  13,  1865, 
for  gallantry  at  Opequon,  Cedar  Creek  and 
Fisher's  Hill,  and  was  serving  as  acting  assistant 
adjutant-general  on  the  staff  of  Gen.  Samuel 
S.  Carroll,  commanding  the  veteran  reserve  corps 
(1st  division,  first  army  corps)  at  Washington, 
D.C.,  when  he  was  mustered  out  with  his  regi 
ment,  July  26,  1865.  He  returned  home  and 
studied  law  at  Youngstown,  Ohio,  and  at  the 
Albany  Law  school,  1866-67,  and  was  admitted  to 
the  Ohio  bar  at  Warren  in  March,  1867,  and 
settled  in  practice  in  Canton,  Ohio,  through  the 
advice  of  an  elder  sister,  then  teaching  school  in 
that  place.  He  was  elected  by  the  Republicans 
of  Stark  county  prosecuting  attorney,  and  served 
1870-71,  but  was  defeated  for  re-election.  He 
was  married,  Jan.  25,  1871,  to  Ida,  daughter  of 
James  A.  and  Catherine  (Dewalt)  Saxton  of 
Canton,  Ohio.  He  was  a  representative  from  the 
seventeenth  district  of  Ohio  in  the  45th  congress 
(1877-79),  defeating  Leslie  L.  Lanborn  ;  from 
the  sixteenth  district  in  the  46th  congress  (1879- 
81),  defeating  Gen.  Aquila  Wiley,  and  from  the 
seventeenth  district  in  the  47th  congress  (1881- 
83),  defeating  Leroy  D.  Thoman.  His  party 
claimed  that  he  was  elected  from  the  eighteenth 
district  to  the  48th  congress  in  1882  by  a  majority 
of  eight  votes,  and  he  was  given  the  certificate  of 
election,  but  his  seat  was  successfully  contested 
by  Jonathan  H.  Wallace,  of  Columbiana  county, 
who  was  seated  in  June,  1884.  Mr.  McKinley 
was  elected  in  1884  a  representative  from  the 
twentieth  district  to  the  49th  congress  (1885-87), 
defeating  David  R.  Paige,  and  in  1886  and  1888 
was  elected  from  the  eighteenth  district  to  the 
50th  and  51st  congresses,  defeating  Wallace  H. 
Plielps  and  George  P.  Ikert,  respectively,  serving 
1887-91,  but  was  defeated  in  the  sixteenth  dis 
trict  for  representative  in  the  52d  congress  in 
1890  by  John  G.  Warwick,  of  Massillon,  Democrat, 
by  302  votes.  The  changes  in  the  congressional 
districts  were  due  to  political  expedients  used  by 


McKINLEY 


McKINLEY 


the  Democratic  legislature,  and  Mr.  McKinley, 
while  always  a  resident  of  Stark  county,  was  in 
this  way  obliged  to  meet  the  conditions  caused 
by  the  combinations  of  contiguous  counties  in  the 
efforts  of  the  opposition  to  defeat  him.  He  was 
appointed  by  Speaker  Randall  in  1877  to  a  place 
on  the  judiciary  committee,  and  he  succeeded 
Representative  James  A.  Garfield  on  the  ways 
and  means  committee  in  December,  1880.  In  the 
45th  congress  he  was  appointed  on  the  house 
committee  of  visitors  to  the  U.S.  Military  acad 
emy,  and  in  1881  he  was  chairman  of  the  com 
mittee  having  in  charge  the  Garfield  memorial 
exercises  in  the  house.  In  congress  he  supported 
a  high  protective  tariff,  making  a  notable  speech 
on  the  subject,  April  6,  1882  ;  and  his  speech  on 
the  Morrison  tariff  bill,  April  30,  1884,  was  said  to 
be  the  most  effective  argument  made  against  it. 
On  April  16,  1890,  as  chairman  of  the  committee 
on  ways  and  means,  as  successor  to  Judge 
Kelly,  he  introduced  the  general  tariff  measure 
afterward  known  by  Ids  name,  and  his  speech 
before  the  house,  May  7,  1890,  fully  established 
his  reputation  as  a  statesman  and  an  orator. 
The  bill  passed  the  house  May  21,  and  the 
senate  after  a  protracted  debate,  September  11, 
and  became  a  law  Oct.  6,  1890.  Among  his 
notable  congressional  speeches  not  already 
mentioned,  are  :  "  Arbitration  as  a  Solution 
of  Labor  Troubles,"  April  2,  1886  ;  his  reply, 
May  18,  1888,  to  Representative  Samuel  J.  Ran 
dall's  argument  in  favor  of  the  Mills  tariff  bill, 
of  which  millions  of  copies  were  circulated  by 
the  manufacturing  interests  of  the  country  ;  his 
speech  of  Dec.  17,  1889,  introducing  the  customs 
administration  bill  to  simplify  the  laws  relating 


BIRTHPLACE   OF 


to  the  collection  of  revenue,  and  his  forceful 
address  sustaining  the  civil-service  laws.  April 
24,  1890.  On  the  organization  of  the  51  sit  con 
gress,  Dec.  3,  1889,  he  was  a  candidate  for 
speaker,  but  was  defeated  in  the  Republican 
caucus  on  the  third  ballot  by  Thomas  B.  Reed. 
In  1880  he  was  chairman  of  the  Republican  state 
convention  and  was  chosen  by  the  Republican 
national  convention  at  Chicago  in  June.  1880,  as 
the  Ohio  member  of  the  Republican  national 


[274] 


committee.  In  this  capacity,  during  the  canvass- 
of  Garfield  and  Arthur,  he  spoke  with  General 
Garfield  in  the  principal  northern  and  western 
states.  He  was  delegate-at-large  from  Ohio  to 
the  Republican  national  convention  that  met  at 
Chicago,  June  3,  1884,  was  a  member  of  the  com 
mittee  on  resolutions,  read  the  platform  to  the 
convention  and  supported  the  candidacy  of  James 
G.  Blaine.  During  the  canvass  of  that  year  he 
spoke  with  the  Republican  candidate  on  his  cele 
brated  western  tour  and  afterward  in  West 
Virginia  and  New  York.  In  the  Republican 
national  convention  that  met  at  Chicago,  June 
19,  1888,  he  w-as  again  a  delegate-at-large  from 
Ohio,  and  as  chairman  of  the  committee  on  reso 
lutions  again  reported  the  platform  to  the  conven 
tion,  and  he  supported  the  candidacy  of  John 
Sherman,  although  there  was  a  strong  effort  to 
have  him  consent  to  the  use  of  his  own  name  as 
a  candidate.  In  the  Republican  national  con 
vention  that  met  at  Minneapolis,  June  7,  1892,  he 
was  for  the  third  time  a  delegate-at-large  from 
Ohio,  and  was  elected  permanent  chairman  of  the 
convention.  He  advocated  the  renomination  of 
President  Harrison  ;  received  182  votes  for  the 
presidential  nomination,  but  refused  to  consider 
the  action  of  his  friends,  left  the  chair,  and 
moved  that  the  nomination  of  President  Harrison 
be  made  unanimous,  and  was  chairman  of  the 
committee  to  notify  the  President  of  his  re- 
nomination.  He  took  an  active  part  in  the  presi 
dential  campaign,  travelling  over  16.000  miles 
and  averaging  seven  speeches  per  day  for  a  period 
of  over  eight  weeks,  during  which  time  it  was 
estimated  that  he  addressed  over  3. 000,000  voters. 
He  was  governor  of  Ohio,  1892-96,  receiving 
21,511  plurality  in  1891  over  Gov.  James  E. 
Campbell,  who  sought  re-election,  and  80.995 
in  1893  over  Lawrence  T.  Neal.  Democrat,  the 
issues  of  the  canvass  being  entirely  national.  As 
governor  his  sympathies  were  with  the  laboring 
men  in  their  contests  with  capitalists,  and  he 
recommended  to  the  legislature  additional  pro 
tection  to  the  employees  of  railroads.  During  his 
second  administration  of  the  state  government 
he  was  obliged  to  call  out  3000  members  of  the 
national  guard  to  suppress  threatened  labor 
riots,  and  he  was  able  to  prevent  what  appeared 
to  be  inevitable  mob  violence  attended  by  lynch 
ing.  He  also  personally  supervised  the  distribu 
tion  of  funds  and  provisions  to  the  starving 
miners  in  the  Hocking  valley.  When  the  Repub 
lican  national  convention  met  at  St.  Louis.  June 
16,  1896,  his  name  was  again  before  the  conven 
tion,  and  on  the  first  ballot  made,  June  18,  he  re 
ceived  66U  votes  to  H-li  for  Thomas  B.  Reed  of 
Maine,  60^  for  Matthew  S.  Quay  of  Pennysylvania, 
58  for  Levi  P.  Morton  of  New  York,  and  35$  for 
William  B.  Allison  of  Iowa.  During  the  Presi- 


McKINLEY 


McKINLEY 


dential  canvass  of  1896  lie  remained  in  Canton 
and  received  between  June  19  and  November  2 
over  750,000  visitors,  who  journeyed  from  all 
parts  of  the  Union  to  make  his  acquaintance  and 
listen  to  informal  speeches  delivered  from  his 
piazza,  Mr.  McKinley  speaking  in  this  way  over 
,300  different  times.  He  was  elected  President  of 
the  United  States,  Nov.  3,  1896,  the  McKinley 
and  Hobart  electors  receiving  7.106,199  votes 
to  6,502,685  for  the  Bryan  and  Sewall  electors, 
and  the  electors  of  the  minority  candidates, 
Levering  and  Johnson,  Prohibition,  receiving 
132,000  votes  ;  Palmer  and  Buckner,  National 
Democrat.  133,148  votes  ;  Matchett  and  Maguire, 
Social  Labor,  36.274  votes,  and  Bentley  and 
Southgate.  Nationalist,  13,969  votes.  William 
McKinley  was  formally  announced  by  the  elec 
toral  college  as  the  choice  of  that  body  for  Presi 
dent  of  the  United  States  by  a  vote  of  271  to  176 
for  W.  J.  Bryan,  and  he  was  inaugurated  March 
4,  1897,  Chief-Justice  Fuller  administering  the 
oath  of  office.  He  at  once  announced  his  cab 
inet  as  follows  :  John  Sherman  of  Ohio,  secre 
tary  of  state  ;  Lyinan  J  .  Gage  of  Illinois,  secre 
tary  of  the  treasury  :  Russell  A.  Alger  of 
Michigan,  secretary  of  war  ;  Cornelius  N.  Bliss 
of  New  York,  secretary  of  the  interior  ;  John  D. 
Long  of  Massachusetts-,  secretary  of  the  navy  ; 
James  Wilson  of  Iowa,  secretary  of  agriculture  ; 
James  A.  Gary  of  Maryland,  postmaster-general, 
THE  WHITE:  r 


and  Joseph  McKenna  of  California,  attorney- 
general.  On  Dec.  17,  1897,  Attorney-General 
McKenna  resigned  to  accept  the  position  of 
associate  justice  of  the  U.S.  supreme  court  and 
President  McKinley  .appointed  John  W.  Griggs 
of  New  Jersey  attorney-general,  Jan.  21,  1898. 
The  administration  was  represented  at  foreign 
courts  as  follows  :  ambassador  to  Great  Britain, 
John  Hay  of  Ohio,  succeeded  in  1899  by  Joseph 
H.  Choate  of  New  York  ;  to  France,  Horace 
Porter  of  New  York  ;  to  Austria  and  Austria- 
Hungary,  Charlemagne  Tower  of  Pennsylvania, 
succeeded  in  1899  by  Addison  C.  Harris  of  In 
diana  ;  U.S.  minister  to  Russia.  Ethan  A.  Hitch 
cock  of  Missouri,  raised  to  ambassador  in  1898 
and  succeeded  in  1899  by  Charlemagne  Tower  ; 
ambassador  to  Germany,  Andrew  D.  White  of 


New  York ;  ambassador  to  Italy,  William  F. 
Draper  of  Massachusetts,  succeeded  in  1901  by 
George  von  L.  Meyer  of  Massachusetts  ;  ambas 
sador  to  Spain,  Stewart  L.  Woodford  of  New 
York,  who  served  till  official  relations  were 
broken  off,  April,  1898,  and  in  April,  1899,  he 
was  succeeded  by  Bellamy  Storer  of  Ohio.  The 
changes  in  President  McKinley's  cabinet  were 
the  resignation  of  John  Sherman  from  the  state 
department,  April  27,  1898,  and  the  promotion  of 
William  R.  Day,  assistant  secretary  of  state,  who 
resigned  Sept.  16,  1898.  and  was  succeeded  by 
John  Hay,  recalled  from  the  court  of  St.  James  ; 
the  resignation  of  Gen.  Russell  A.  Alger  from 
the  war  department,  Aug.  1,  1899,  and  the  ap 
pointment  of  Elihu  Root  of  New  York  as  his 
successor  ;  the  resignation  of  Cornelius  N.  Bliss 
from  the  interior  department,  Dec.  22,  1898,  to 
be  succeeded  by  Ethan  A.  Hitchcock,  recalled 
from  St.  Petersburg  ;  the  resignation  of  James 
A.  Gary  from  the  post-office  department,  April 
21,  1898,  and  the  appointment  of  Charles  Emory 
Smith  of  Pennsylvania  to  that  office,  and  the  res 
ignation  of  John  W.  Griggs  from  the  office  of 
attorney-general  in  March,  1901,  to  be  succeeded 
by  Philander  Chase  Knox  of  Pennsylvania.  The 
President  called  an  extra  session  of  congress  to 
assemble  March  15,  1897,  and  the  Dingley  tariff 
bill  was  passed  and  became  a  law  by  receiving 
his  signature  July  24,  1897.  On  May  17  he  sent 
to  congress  a  special  message  asking  for  an  ap 
propriation  for  the  aid  of  suffering  American 
citizens  in  Cuba  and  secured  $50,000  for  that 
purpose.  The  treatment  of  the  Cuban  patriots 
then  struggling  for  freedom  aroused  the  -sym 
pathies  of  the  people  of  the  United  States  and 
the  demands  of  the  U.S.  minister  at  Madrid  for 
more  humane  treatment  were  disregarded.  The 
destruction  of  the  U.S.  cruiser  Maine  in  Havana 
harbor,  Feb.  15,  1898,  resulting  in  the  death  of 
264  U.S.  officers  and  men  and  in  the  wounding  of 
60  others,  aggravated  the  condition  of  affairs  and 
on  March  8-9,  1898,  congress  authorized  the 
raising  of  two  new  regiments  of  artillery  ;  voted 
$50,000,000  for  national  defence,  placing  the 
amount  in  the  hands  of  the  President  for  disposal 
at  his  discretion,  and  authorized  the  contingent 
increase  of  the  army  to  100.000  men.  On  March  23, 
1898,  the  President  sent  his  ultimatum  to  Spain 
respecting  the  treatment  of  the  Cubans,  and  on 
March  28  he  officially  reported  to  congress  the 
destruction  of  the  U.S.  battleship  Maine.  He 
advised  congress  on  April  11  not  to  recognize 
the  Cuban  government,  but  advocated  interven 
tion  to  put  a  stop  to  Spanish  cruelty.  On  April 
13,  1898,  congress  gave  the  President  full  author 
ity  to  act  in  the  matter  of  the  difficulties  with 
Spain,  and  on  April  16  passed  a  resolution  ac 
knowledging  Cuban  independence.  The  Presi- 
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McKINLEY 


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dent  signed  the  joint  resolutions  of  congress 
declaring  the  people  of  Cuba  free  and  directing 
the  President  to  use  the  land  and  naval  forces  of 
the  United  States  to  compel  Spain  to  withdraw 
from  the  island.  On  April  23  a  call  for  125,000 
volunteers  was  issued  by  the  President.  On 
April  24  Spain  also  declared  war  against  the 
United  States  and  the  next  day  the  President 
recommended  a  formal  declaration  of  war  by 
congress  and  issued  a  call  for  75,000  more  volun 
teers.  On  April  30  congress  authorized  an  issue 
of  $500,000,000  in  bonds,  which  issue  was  speedily 
taken  up  by  prominent  financiers.  In  his  proc 
lamation  of  April  26,  1898,  the  President  adopted 
the  essential  principles  as  laid  down  by  the 
Declaration  of  Paris  of  1856,  as  to  rights  of 
neutrals  in  naval  warfare,  although  neither  the 
United  States  nor  Spain  was  a  party  to  that  agree 
ment  between  the  nations.  The  victory  of  the 
U.S.  navy  in  destroying  the  Spanish  fleet  at 
Manila  on  May  1,  1898,  followed  by  the  still  more 
decisive  victory  over  the  Spanish  fleet  at  San 
tiago,  July  3,  1898,  marked  the  beginning  and 
end  of  the  war,  the  other  incidents  of  the  cam 
paign  of  historic  import  being  the  battle  of  El 
Caney  and  San  Juan,  where  on  July  1-2,  1898,  the 
U.S.  army  lost  230  killed,  1284  wounded  and  79 
missing,  and  gained  a  decisive  victory  over  the 
Spanish  troops.  On  July  26  the  French  minister 
at  Washington  made  known  the  desire  of  Spain 
to  negotiate  for  peace  and  President  McKinley 
named  the  conditions  that  the  United  States 
would  insist  upon  as  a  basis'  of  negotiations. 
Tliese  included  the  evacuation  of  Cuba,  the 
ceding  of  Porto  Rico  and  other  Spanish  islands 
in  the  West  Indies,  and  that  the  city,  bay  and 
harbor  of  Manila  should  be  continued  in  the  pos 
session  of  the  United  States  pending  the  conclu 
sion  of  the  treaty.  These  terms  were  accepted 
by  Spain,  Aug.  9,  1898,  the  peace  protocol  was 
signed  on  August  12  by  Secretary  Day  and  the 
French  ambassador  Cambon,  and  the  Cuban 
blockade  was  raised,  October  1  following  being 
named  as  the  time  for  the  meeting  to  arrange  the 
details  of  settlement.  On  August  26  the  Presi 
dent  appointed  William  R.  Day,  Cushman  K. 
Davis,  AVilliam  P.  Frye,  Whitelaw  Reid  and 
Edward  D.  White,  peace  commissioners,  and  on 
September  9  George  Gray  was  substituted  for 
Mr.  Justice  White.  They  met  in  Paris,  Oct.  1, 
and  adjourned  Dec.  10,  1898.  The  treaty,  signed 
on  the  latter  date,  provided  the  relinquishment 
by  Spain  of  all  claims  of  sovereignty  over  and 
title  to  Cuba,  the  surrender  of  all  other  of  the 
Wrest  India  islands  held  by  Spain,  and  of  the  island 
of  Guam  in  the  Ladrone  group,  and  the  cession 
of  the  Philippines  to  the  United  States.  The 
United  States  agreed  to  pay  to  Spain  for  the  islands 
§20,000,000,  to  repatriate  all  Spanish  soldiers  at 


its  expense,  and  to  various  minor  provisions.  On 
Jan.  4,  1899,  the  President  transmitted  the  treaty 
to  the  senate,  which  body  referred  it  to  the 
committee  on  foreign  affairs  and  it  was  ratified 
Feb.  6,  1899.  Meantime  hostilities  had  broken 
out  in  the  Philippine  islands  between  the  natives 
and  the  U.S.  troops,  and  the  President  appointed 
Admiral  George  Dewey,  Gen.  Elwell  S.  Otis, 
President  J.  G.  Shurman,  of  Cornell  university, 
Dean  C.  Worcester  of  the  faculty  of  the  Univer 
sity  of  Michigan,  and  Charles  Den  by,  former 
U.S.  minister  to  China,  a  commission  to  study 
the  situation  there  and  advise  as  to  the  best 
method  for  governing  the  newly  acquired  terri 
tory.  The  President  approved  the  joint  resolu 
tion  of  congress  providing  for  the  annexation  of 
Hawaii,  July  7,  1898,  and  in  the  same  year  he 
appointed  a  delegation  to  represent  the  United 
States  at  the  peace-conference  called  by  the 
Czar  of  Russia  in  1898,  to  meet  at  The  Hague  in 
May,  1899.  The  delegation  was  as  follows : 
Andrew  D.  White,  U.S.  ambassador  to  Germany  ; 
Stanford  Newel,  U.S.  minister  to  the  Nether 
lands  ;  Seth  Low,  president  of  Columbia  uni 
versity  ;  Capt.  A.  T.  Mali  an,  U.S.N.  (retired), 
and Capt. William Crozier,  U.S.A.;  with  Frederick 
W.  Holls  as  secretary  and  counsel.  On  March 
4,  1900,  the  President  signed  the  gold  standard, 
currency  act.  In  1897-98,  when  the  whole  com 
mercial  world  was  watching  the  Russian  and 
German  governments,  looking  for  relief  from 
industrial  depression  through  some  excuse  to 
invade  northern  China,  and  thus  prepare  the 
way  for  unlimited  expansion,  President  Mc 
Kinley  saw  the  danger  that  threatened  Amer 
ican  commerce  should  the  integrity  of  the 
Chinese  empire  be  endangered,  and  in  1900  he 
promptly  met  the  condition  that  was  presented 
by  the  acts  of  the  Chinese  themselves  in  allow 
ing  the  uprising  of  the  Boxers,  and  adopted  what 
proved  to  be  the  only  plan  of  action  possible  for 
the  United  States  to  preserve  its  commercial 
interests.  He  did  not  hesitate  to  assume  the 
responsibility  thrust  upon  him,  and  by  ordering 
an  advance  on  Pekin  without  waiting  to  learn  if 
he  would  have  the  co-operation  of  the  other 
powers,  he  solved  the  problem  of  preserving 
peace  by  acting  as  an  ally  of  the  Chinese  gov 
ernment  and  preventing  other  nations,  led  by 
Germany,  from  carrying  out  their  purpose  of  par 
tition.  The  action  of  the  United  States  relieved 
the  legations  before  the  German  marshal  arrived, 
and  the  President  took  the  next  step  in  diplo 
macy  by  removing  the  army  of  occupation  and 
leaving  the  nations  opposed  to  his  policy  unsup 
ported.  The  Republican  national  convention 
which  met  at  Philadelphia,  June  25,  1900.  gave 
President  McKinley  every  one  of  the  930  votes  of 
the  delegates  for  renomination  as  the  party 


[srci 


MeKINLEY 


McKINLEY 


candidate  for  President,  and  Theodore  Roosevelt 
of  New  York  received  929  votes  for  the  candi 
dacy  for  Vice-President,  the  single  vote  missing 
being  the  delegate  vote  of  Theodore  Roosevelt. 
In  the  election  of  Nov.  6,  1900,  President  Mc- 
Kinley  was  re-elected  by  the  largest  popular 
majority  ever  given  to  any  presidential  candidate, 
the  Republican  electors  receiving  7,206,677  pop 
ular  votes  to  6,374.397  for  the  Bryan  and  Ste 
venson  electors,  and  the  popular  votes  for  the 
minority  candidates  standing  as  follows  :  Wool- 
ley  and  Metcalf,  Prohibition,  208,555  ;  Barker 
and  Donnelly,  Anti-Fusion  People's,  50,337  ; 
Debs  and  Harriman,  Social  Democrat,  84.003  ; 
Malloney  and  Rammel,  Social  Labor,  39,537  ; 
Leonard  and  Woolley,  United  Christian,  1,060, 
and  Ellis  and  Nicholas,  Union  Reform,  5,698. 
The  electoral  vote  stood  292  for  McKinley  and 
Roosevelt  and  155  for  Bryan  and  Stevenson.  The 
successful  Republican  candidates  were  inaugu 
rated  March  4,  1901,  and  the  President  made  no 
changes  in  his  cabinet.  He  visited  California 
with  his  wife  and  members  of  his  cabinet  in  the 
spring  of  1901,  making  numerous  speeches  and 
receiving  enthusiastic  welcome  from  the  cit 
izens  of  the  southern  and  southwestern  states 
through  which  he  passed,  and  he  intended  to 
make  the  tour  extend  to  the  principal  cities  of 
the  northwest,  but  the  serious  illness  of  Mrs. 
McKinley  forced  him  to  return  to  Washington 
after  reaching  San  Francisco.  The  management 
of  the  Pan-American  exposition  at  Buffalo,  N.Y., 
invited  the  President  to  visit  that  city,  which  he 
did,  accompanied  by  Mrs.  McKinley  and  his 
official  family,  including  part  of  his  cabinet.  On 
September  6,  while  in  the  midst  of  a  throng  of 


THE    TEMPLE    OF/V\USK. 

expectant  citizens  assembled  in  the  Temple  of 
Music  anxious  to  familiarly  greet  their  Presi 
dent,  he  took  the  hand  of  one  of  the  men  in  line 
in  friendly  confidence,  when  with  the  other  hand 
the  assassin,  who  proved  to  be  Leon  F.  Czolgosz, 
an  avowed  anarchist,  shot  the  President  twice, 


[2 


producing  a  mortal  wound.  He  was  conveyed 
to  the  home  of  John  G.  Milburn,  president  of  the 
exposition,  whose  guests  Mr.  and  Mrs.  McKinley 
were,  and  lingered  till  the  early  morning  of  Sept. 
14,  1901,  when  at  2.15  he  died.  Shortly  before 
his  death  he  said,  "  Good-bye,  all  ;  good-bye.  It 
is  God's  way.  His  will  be  done,  not  ours."  His 
last  words,  spoken  to  his  wife,  were  "  '  Nearer, 
my  God,  to  Thee,  e'en  though  it  be  a  cross,'  has 
been  my  constant  prayer."  He  was  a  member 
of  the  Grand  Army  of  the  Republic,  the  Union 
Veteran  Legion,  and  other  military  organiza 
tions.  He  received  the  honorary  degree  of  LL.D. 
from  Western  Reserve  university  and  McKendree 
college  in  1897,  from  the  University  of  Chicago 
and  Yale  university  in  1898  ;  from  Smith  college 
in  1899  (being  the  second  person  and  the  first 
man  to  receive  an  honorary  degree  from  that 
institution)  and  from  the  University  of  California 
in  1901  ;  and  that  of  D.C.L.  from  Mt.  Holyoke  in 
1899.  He  was  invited  to  visit  Harvard  university 
in  June,  1901,  and  the  corpoi'ation  voted  him  the 
honorary  degree  of  LL.D.,  to  be  bestowed  on  the 
occasion,  but  the  serious  illness  of  Mrs.  McKinley 
prevented  his  presence.  The  notable  speeches 
delivered  by  Mr.  McKinley  and  not  already  men 
tioned  include:  the  address  in  Canton,  Ohio, 
before  the  Ohio  state  grange  Dec.  13,  1887,  on 
"The  American  Farmer,"  in  which  he  opposed 
the  holding  of  American  lands  by  aliens,  and 
urged  the  farmers  to  be  true  to  the  principles  of 
protection ;  the  address  at  the  Home  Market 
club  in  Boston,  Feb.  9,  1898,  in  which  he  per 
suaded  the  New  England  representatives  to 
abandon  the  policy  of  allowing  the  introduction 
of  raw  material  duty  free  ;  the  speech  at  the 
Lincoln  banquet  in  Toledo,  Ohio,  Feb.  12,  1891, 
in  which  he  answered  President  Cleveland's 
address  on  "  American  Citizenship,"  delivered 
on  the  occasion  of  the  seventieth  anniversary 
of  the  birthday  of  Allen  G.  Thurman  at  Colum 
bus.  Ohio,  Nov.  13.  1890  ;  the  oration  delivered 
on  Feb.  22,  1894,  before  the  Union  League  club, 
Chicago,  111.,  on  the  life  and  public  services  of 
George  Washington,  and  his  last  speech,  at  the 
Pan  American  exposition,  Buffalo,  Sept.  5,  1901, 
the  day  before  his  assassination,  in  which  he 
outlined  the  policy  of  the  administration  in  its 
efforts  to  give  greater  security  to  the  commercial 
and  industrial  life  of  the  republic,  in  the  following 
words :  "  Our  capacity  to  produce  has  devel 
oped  so  enormously  and  our  products  have  so 
multiplied  that  the  problem  of  more  markets  re 
quires  our  urgent  and  immediate  attention. 
Only  a  broad  and  enlightened  policy  will  keep 
what  we  have.  No  other  policy  will  get  more. 
In  these  times  of  marvellous  business  energy  and 
gain  we  ought  to  be  looking  to  the  future, 
strengthening  the  weak  places  in  our  industrial 
71 


McKINLEY 


McKIXLEY 


and  commercial  systems,  that  we  may  be  ready 
for  any  storm  or  strain.  By  sensible  trade  ar 
rangements  which  will  not  interrupt  our  home 
production,  \ve  shall  extend  the  outlets  from  our 
increasing  surplus.  A  system  which  provides  a 
mutual  exchange  of  commodities  is  manifestly 
essential  to  the  continued  and  healthful  growth 
of  our  export  trade.  We  must  not  repose  in  fan 
cied  security  that  we  can  forever  sell  everything 
and  buy  little  or  nothing.  If  such  a  thing  were 
possible  it  would  not  be  best  for  us  or  those 
with  whom  we  deal.  We  should  take  from 
our  customers  such  of  their  products  as  we 
can  use  without  harm  to  our  industries  and  labor. 
Reciprocity  is  the  natural  outgrowth  of  our  won 
derful  industrial  development  under  the  domestic 
policy  now  firmly  established:  What  we  produce 
beyond  our  domestic  consumption  must  have  a 
vent  abroad.  The  excess  must  be  relieved  through 
a  foreign  outlet,  and  we  should  sell  anywhere  we 
can  and  buy  wherever  the  buying  will  enlarge 
our  sales  and  productions  and  thereby  make  a 
greater  demand  for  home  labor.  The  period  of 
exclusiveness  is  past.  The  expansion  of  our 
trade  and  commerce  is  the  pressing  problem. 
Commercial  wars  are  unprofitable.  A  policy  of 
good  will  and  friendly  trade  relations  will  prevent 
reprisals.  Reciprocity  treaties  are  in  harmony 
with  the  spirit  of  the  times  ;  measures  of  retalia 
tion  are  not.  If  perchance  some  of  our  tariffs  are 
no  longer  needed  for  revenue  or  to  encourage  and 
protect  our  industries  at  home,  why  should  they 
not  be  employed  to  extend  and  promote  our  mar 
kets  abroad  ?.  .  .  Next  in  advantage  to  having  the 
thing  to  sell  is  to  have  the  convenience  to  carry 
it  to  the  buyer.  We  must  encourage  our  mer 
chant  marine.  We  must  have  more  ships.  They 
must  be  under  the  American  flag,  built  and 
manned  and  owned  by  Americans.  These  will  not 
only  be  profitable  in  a  commercial  sense  ;  they 
will  be  messengers  of  peace  and  amity  wherever 
they  go.  We  must  build  the  Isthmian  canal, 
which  will  unite  the  two  oceans  and  give  a 
straight  line  of  water  communication  with  the 
western  coasts  of  Central  and  South  America  and 
Mexico.  .  .  .  Let  us  ever  remember  that  our  inter 
est  is  in  concord,  not  conflict,  and  that  our  real 
eminence  rests  in  the  victories  of  peace,  not  those 
of  war.  .  .  .  Our  prayer  is  that  God  will  graciously 
vouchsafe  prosperity,  happiness,  and  peace  to  all 
our  neighbors,  and  like  blessings  to  all  the  peoples 
and  powers  of  the  earth."  By  a  special  proclam 
ation,  the  day  of  the  funeral,  September  19,  was 
made  a  day  of  mourning  and  prayer  throughout 
the  United  States,  all  business  being  suspended 
and  memorial  services  being  generally  held.  In 
foreign  countries  the  recognition  of  the  Presi 
dent's  death  was  unprecedented.  By  command 
of  King  Edward  VII.  a  memorial  service  was  held 


L2T8J 


iii  Westminster  Abbey  and  was  attended  by  be 
tween  2000  and  3000  persons,  including  many  dis 
tinguished  Americans,  Edward  VII.,  being  rep- 
presented  by  Lord  Pembroke.  As  a  further  mark 
of  respect  all  the  exchanges  in  the  kingdom 
were  closed,  the  government  buildings  had  their 
flags  at  half-mast  and  many  stores  were  draped  in 
black.  A  memorial  service  attended  by  six  thou 
sand  people,  and  conducted  by  the  Archbishop  of 
Canterbury,  Dean  Gregory  and  fourteen  other 
clergymen  was  held  in  St.  Paul's  Cathedral.  Lon 
don.  Unusual  honors  were  paid  the  President's 
memory  in  all  the  foreign  capitals  and  impressive 
memorial  services  were  held  in  St.  Petersburg, 
Brussels,  Vi 
enna,  Berlin, 
Rome,  Paris, 
Constantino 
ple,  Pekin, 
Bombay,  and 
elsewhere,  at 
tended  by 
high  dignitar 
ies.  At  the 
service  in  Ber 
lin  all  the  im 
perial  and 
Prussian  cabi 
net  ministers 
were  present 
except  Chan 
cellor  von  Bil 
low,  who  was  absent  from  the  city  ;  and  all  the 
foreign  ambassadors  and  ministers  in  the  city 
were  also  in  attendance.  Emperor  William  order 
ed  the  flags  to  be  half  masted  throughout  the  navy. 
The  public  manifestations  of  grief  that  followed 
the  death  of  President  McKinley  were  unprece 
dented  in  the  history  of  the  world.  The  scenes  in 
Buffalo  ;  en  route  to  Washington  ;  in  the  East 
room  of  the  White  House  ;  on  the  passage  of 
the  funeral  cortege  from  the  President's  house 
through  Pennsylvania  avenue  ;  around  the  body 
resting  in  state  for  one  day  in  the  rotunda  of  the 
Capitol  ;  at  the  state  funeral  attended  by  accred 
ited  representatives  from  all  the  governments  of 
the  world  ;  on  its  last  journey  to  Canton  attended 
by  President  Roosevelt  and  his  cabinet  ;  in  his 
home  and  home  church,  where  the  solemn  rites 
of  religion  were  pronounced,  previous  to  final 
sepulture,  are  a  part  of  history.  When  the 
time  arrived  for  the  body  to  be  committed  to 
the  grave  in  Westlawn  Cemetery,  Canton.  Ohio, 
the  whole-  country  was  for  a  few  moments 
undisturbed  by  motion  created  by  the  hand  of 
man.  The  hum  of  industry  was  hushed,  trans 
portation  was  brought  to  a  halt,  and  a  nation 
stood  with  uncovered  heads,  bowed  in  grief. 
The  President  died  in  Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  Sept.  14,  I'.IOl. 


McKINLY 


McKINXEY 


McKINLY,  John,  1st  president  of  the  Dela 
ware  state,  was  born  in  Ireland,  Feb.  24,  1721.  He 
immigrated  to  the  United  States  in  1742  and  set 
tled  at  Wilmington.  Del.,  where  he  was  a  prac 
titioner  in  physic.  He  was  married  about  1761 
to  Jane  Richardson.  He  was  sheriff  of  New 
castle  county,  1757-60  ;  chief  burgess  of  Wilming 
ton,  1759-77,  and  on  Feb.  21,  1777,  he  was  elected 
the  first  president  of  Delaware.  He  held  this 
office  until  Sept.  11,  1777.  when  the  British  troops 
fresh  from  the  battle  of  Brandy  wine  entered  Wil 
mington  and  took  him  prisoner,  and  he  was  suc 
ceeded  in  office  by  Thomas  McKean  (q.v.).  He 
was  exchanged  in  October,  1778.  He  was  briga 
dier-general  of  the  state  militia  during  the  Revo 
lution,  and  in  December,  1782,  he  filed  a  statement 
showing  that  he  had  sustained  a  loss  of  £1,055  in 
damage  to  his  property  at  the  time  of  his  arrest. 
He  was  a  founder  of  the  Delaware  Medical  so 
ciety  in  1789  :  and  was  a  trustee  of  the  First 
Presbyterian  church,  1  r89-9(i.  There  is  supposed 
to  be  no  portrait  of  him  in  existence.  He  died 
in  Wilmington,  Del.,  Aug.  .'51,  171)6. 

McKlNNEY,  John  Frank,  representative,  was 
born  in  Piqua,  Ohio.  April  12,  1827  ;  son  of  John 
and  Jane  (Scott)  McKinney,  and  grandson  of 
James  McKinney.  He  matriculated  at  the  Ohio 
Wesleyan  university,  Delaware,  Ohio,  but  left 
at  the  close  of  his  first  year  to  study  law.  He 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1851  and  practised  in 
Piqua,  Miami  county.  He  was  a  Democratic 
representative  from  the  fourth  Ohio  district  in 
the:!8th  and  42d  congresses.  1863-65  and  1871-73, 
.and  was  defeated  in  1864  by  William  Lawrence. 
He  continued  the  practice  of  law  at  Piqua. 

McKlNNEY,  Luther  Franklin,  representative, 
was  born  near  Newark,  Ohio,  April  25,  1841.  He 
was  brought  up  on  a  farm  and  attended  and 
taught  district  schools.  He  served  in  the  civil 
war  as  sergeant  in  the  1st  Ohio  cavalry,  1861-63  ; 
and  was  discharged  on  account  of  disability  in 
February,  186-5.  He  engaged  in  farming  and 
teaching  school  in  Iowa,  18(55-67,  and  in  1867  en 
tered  the  theological  department  of  St.  Lawrence 
university,  Canton,  N.Y.,  and  wras  graduated  in 
1870.  He  was  pastor  of  a  Universalist  church  in 
Maine,  1870-73,  and  in  the  latter  year  removed  to 
Manchester,  N.H.,  where  he  became  actively  in 
terested  in  politics.  He  w;is  an  unsuccessful 
candidate  for  representative  in  the  49th  congress 
in  1884  ;  was  elected  a  Democratic  representative 
in  the  50th  congress,  1887-89;  was  defeated  for 
the  51st,  and  was  elected  to  the  52d  congress, 
1891-93.  He  was  the  defeated  candidate  for  gov 
ernor  of  New  Hampshire  in  1892.  He  was  ap 
pointed  by  President  Cleveland  in  1893  envoy 
extraordinary  and  minister  plenipotentiary  to 
Colombia  and  served  throughout  the  administra 
tion.  On  his  return  in  1897  lie  removed  to  Bridg- 


ton,  Maine,  and  in  1898  was  uominated  for  repre 
sentative  in  the  56th  congress,  and  vras  defeated 
by  Thomas  B.  Reed. 

McKlNNEY,  Mordecai,  lawyer,  was  born  near 
Carlisle,  Pa.,  in  1796,  son  of  Mordecai  and  Mary 
(Chambers)  McKinney,  and  a  grandson  of  Col. 
William  Chambers.  He  was  graduated  from 
Dickinson  college,  Pa.,  in  1814,  studied  law  with 
Judge  Duncan  of  Carlisle,  was  admitted  to  the 
Dauphin  county  bar  in  May,  1817,  and  settled  in 
practice  in  Harrisburg,  Pa.  He  was  district  at 
torney  of  Union  county.  Pa.,  1821-24;  clerk  to 
the  count}r  commissioners  of  Dauphin  county,  Pa., 
1824-27.  and  was  appointed  associate  judge  of 
Dauphin  county  by  Governor  Shulze,  Oct.  23, 
1827.  He  subsequently  turned  his  attention  to  the 
compilation  and  publication  of  law  books.  He 
was  married  to  Rachel,  daughter  of  William  Gray- 
don,  of  Harrisburg.  Pa.  He  is  the  author  of: 
The  Pennsylvania  Justice  of  the  Peace  (2  vols., 
1839)  ;  A  Digest  of  the  Acts  of  Assembly  of  Penn 
sylvania  from  1700  to  1840  (1841)  ;  The  United 
States  Constitutional  Manual  (1845)  ;  The  Amer 
ican  Magistrate  and  Civil  Officer  (1850,  new  ed., 
2  vols.,  1853);  Pennsylvania  Tax  Laws  (1850)  ; 
A  Digest  of  the  Laws  of  Pennsylvania  relative  to 
Banks^and  Bankers  (1854),  and  Our  Government : 
A  Mamial  for  Popular  Use  (1856).  He  died  at 
Harrisburg.  Pa.,  Dec.  17,  1867. 

McKlNNEY,  Philip  Watkins,  governor  of  Vir 
ginia,    was  born    in   Buckingham   county,    Va., 
March  17.  1832  :  son  of  Charles  and  Martha  (Guer- 
rant)  McKinney.  His  father  was  a  farmer.  He  was 
graduated  from  Hampden-Sidney  college  in  1851  ; 
studied    at    the    lawr 
school        of       Judge 
Brockenborough      in 
Lexington,  Va.,   1851 
-52  :  was  admitted  to 
the  Virginia    bar    in 
1 852   ;        represented 
Buckingham    county 
in  the  Virginia  legis 
lature,    1855-61  ;   and 
in  1862    was   captain 
of    the    Buckingham 
troop,     a      company 
in    the    4th  Virginia 
cavalry.      He   served 
until      wounded      at 
Brandy  Station,  June 

9,  1863 ;  and  on  his  recovery,  being  incapac 
itated  for  field  duty,  he  commanded  a  military 
post  at  Danville,  Va.  At  the  close  of  the  war  he 
resumed  his  law  practice  at  Farmville.  He  rilled 
the  office  of  prosecuting  attorney  several  terms 
and  was  the  defeated  Democratic  candidate  for 
attorney-general  of  Virginia  in  1881.  He  was  a 
presidential  elector  at  large  on  the  Cleveland 


McKINNON 


MCKNIGHT 


ticket  in  1884  and  1888  and  a  delegate  to  the 
Democratic  national  convention  at  St.  Louis, 
Mo.,  June  5,  1888.  He  was  defeated  in  the  Dem 
ocratic  state  convention  as  candidate  for  gov 
ernor  by  Fitzhugh  Lee  in  1885,  and  was  elected 
in  1889,  serving  1890-94.  He  was  married  in 
1854  to  Nannie,  daughter  of  Robert  Christian  of 
New  Kent  county,  Va.  She  died  in  1859,  leaving 
one  son,  Robert  Christian  McKinney.  He  was 
married  secondly.  Dec.  25,  1884,  to  Annie, 
daughter  of  James  Lyle  of  Farmville.  He  died 
in  Farmville.  Va..  March  1.  1899. 

McKINNON,  Luther,  educator,  was  born  in 
Richmond  county,  N.C.,  Oct.  31,  1840;  son  of 
Daniel  and  Margaret  (McKay)  McKinnon  ;  grand 
son  of  Murdock  and  Sarah  McKinnon  and  of 
Archibald  and  Margaret  McKay.  He  was  gradu 
ated  at  Davidson  college,  salutatorian,  18C1,  and 
studied  at  Columbia  Theological  seminary,  1861- 
63  ;  was  licensed  by  the  presbytery  of  Fayette- 
ville,  1863,  was  chaplain  in  the  Confederate 
army,  1864-65  ;  and  principal  of  Floral  college, 
N.C.,  1866-67.  He  was  ordained  evangelist  in 
1866  ;  was  pastor  at  Goldsboro,  N.C.,  1867-71  ;  at 
Concord,  N.C.,  1871-83  ;  and  of  the  First  Presby 
terian  church,  Columbia,  S.C.,  1883-85.  He  was 
president  of  Davidson  college  and  professor  of 
ethics,  Christian  evidence  and  Bible  studies,  1885- 
88,  and  retired  in  1888  on  account  of  ill  health. 
He  received  the  honorary  degree  of  D.D.  from 
the  University  of  North  Carolina,  and  from  the 
Southwestern  Presbyterian  university,  Clarks- 
ville,  Tenn..  in  1886. 

McKINSTRY,  James  Paterson,  naval  officer, 
was  born  in  Hillsdale,  Columbia  county,  N.Y., 
Feb.  9,  1807  ;  son  of  David  Charles  and  Nancy 
Whiting  (Backus)  McKinstry  ;  grandson  of 
Charles  and  Tabetha  (Paterson)  McKinstry,  and 
great-grandson  of  Capt.  John  and  Jane  Dickie 
(Belknap)  McKinstry.  John  McKinstry,  born  in 
Amagh,  Ireland,  an  officer  in  the  British  army, 
came  to  Boston,  Mass..  about  1740,  removing  to 
Londonderry,  N.TI.  James  Paterson  McKinstry 
entered  the  U.S.  navy  as  a  midshipman.  Feb.  1, 
1826;  was  promoted  passed  midshipman,  April 
28,  1832,  and  lieutenant.  Feb.  9.  1837.  He  com 
manded  the  mail  steamer  Georgia,  1854-55  ;  was 
promoted  commander.  Sept.  14,  1855,  and  served 
as  a  lighthouse  inspector,  1858-59.  He  was  mar 
ried.  Jan.  23,  1858.  to  Mary  W.  Smart,  daughter 
of  (Jen.  J.  R.  Williams  of  Detroit.  Mich.  He  was 
attached  to  the  Dakota  of  the  blockading  squadron 
in  1861  ;  was  promoted  captain,  July  16,  1862, 
and  commanded  the  Monongnhela  of  the  Western 
Gulf  blockading  squadron,  and  participated  in 
the  engagements  at  Vicksburg  and  Port  Hudson. 
He  was  severely  injured  at  Port  Hudson,  where 
the  bridge  on  which  he  was  standing  was  shot 
away  and  this  incapacitated  him  from  further 


active  service  during  the  civil  war.  He  was  pro 
moted  commodore,  July  25,  1866,  commanded  the 
naval  station  at  Sacket  Harbor,  N.Y.,  and  wa's 
retired,  Feb.  9,  1869.  He  died  in  Detroit,  Mich., 
Feb.  11,  1873. 

McKNIQHT,  Charles,  surgeon,  was  born  in 
Cranbury.  N.J.,  Oct.  10,  1750;  son  of  the  Rev. 
Charles  and  Elizabeth  (Stevens)  McKnight,  and 
a  grandson  of  the  Rev.  John  McKnight,  a  Presby 
terian  clergyman  of  the  north  of  Ireland,  and  of 
Richard  Stevens  of  New  Jersey.  His  father  was 
educated  in  Ireland,  fitted  for  the  ministry,  came 
to  America,  and  settled  in  New  Jersey,  where  lie 
joined  the  New  Brunswick  presbytery  in  1741, 
was  ordained  in  1742  and  installed  at  Cranbury 
and  Allentown  in  1744.  By  opposing  the  crown 
he  displeased  the  Tories  and  in  1777  they  burned 
his  church  at  Middletown  Point,  and  imprisoned 
him  as  a  disloyal  subject.  He  was  soon  after  re 
leased,  but  died  from  the  effects  of  his  treatment 
in  1778.  Charles  McKnight  was  graduated  from 
the  College  of  New  Jersey  in  1771  with  tirst 
honors.  He  studied  medicine  with  Dr.  William 
Shippen  of  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  but  at  the  outbreak 
of  the  Revolutionary  war  entered  the  army  be 
fore  he  completed  his  professional  course.  He 
soon  attracted  the  attention  of  General  Wash 
ington  and  on  April  11,  1777,  he  was  appointed 
senior  surgeon  of  the  flying  hospital  of  the  Middle 
Department.  He  served  on  the  Hudson  River  at 
New  Windsor,  as  surgeon-general  and  was  with 
Washington's  army,  1779-82.  After  the  war  lie 
became  one  of  the  original  members  of  the  Society 
of  the  Cincinnati  ;  practised  in  New  York  city, 
lectured  on  anatomy  and  surgery  and  was  pro 
fessor  of  anatomy  at  Columbia  college.  1785-91. 
He  was  appointed  a  regent  of  the  University  of 
the  State  of  New  York,  Nov.  26,  1784:  was  a 
trustee  of  Columbia  college,  1784-87,  and  post- 
surgeon  of  New  York,  1781-91.  He  was  married, 
April  22,  1778,  to  Mary,  daughter  of  Gen.  John 
Morin  Scott  (q.  v.),  and  widow  of  Col.  John 
Litchfield,  and  their  son,  John  Morin  Scott  Mc 
Knight,  became  a  celebrated  physician  in  New 
York  city.  Dr.  Charles  McKnight  died  in  New 
York  city.  Nov.  10.  1791. 

McKNIGHT,  Harvey  Washington,  educator, 
was  born  in  McKnightstown,  Pa.,  April  3.  1843; 
son  of  Thomas  and  Margaret  Flemming  (Stewart) 
McKnight.  and  grandson  of  David  and  Mary 
Stewart.  He  joined  the  Pennsylvania  volunteers 
as  sergeant  in  1863,  and  was  promoted  captain. 
He  was  graduated  from  Pennsylvania  college, 
Gettysburg,  in  1865,  and  from  the  Evangelical 
Lutheran  Theological  seminary  in  1867.  He  was 
married.  Nov.  12,  1867,  to  Mary  Catherine, 
daughter  of  Solomon  and  Jane  Welty  of  Gettys 
burg.  Pa.  lie  was  pastor  at  Zion  Lutheran 
church,  Newville,  Pa.,  1807-70,  and  during  the 


[280] 


MCKNIGHT 


McLANE 


years  1870-72  was  disabled  by  sickness  from 
holding  a  charge.  He  was  pastor  at  St.  Paul's 
church,  Easton,  Pa.,  1872-80  ;  of  the  First  English 
Lutheran  church,  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  1880-84,  and 
of  Trinity  Lutheran  church  at  Hagerstown,  Md., 
a  few  months  in  1884.  He 
was  elected  president  of 
Pennsylvania  college,  Gettys 
burg,  Pa.,  in  1884,  and  also 
'served  as  president  of  the 
general  synod  of  the  Luth 
eran  church  of  the  United 
States.  1889-91.  He  was  one 
of  the  founders  of  the  Pennsylvania  Chautauqua. 
He  received  the  degree  of  D.D.  from  Momnouth 
college,  111.,  in  1883,  and  that  of  LL.D.  from  La 
fayette  college.  Pa.,  in  1889.  He  is  the  author  of  : 
Historical  Address  at  the  Semi-Centennial  of  Penn 
sylvania  College  (1882);  Inaugural  Address  (1884). 
McKNIQHT,  Robert,  representative,  was  born, 
in  Pittsburg,  Pa.,  Jan.  27,  1820;  third  son  of 
William  and  Catherine  (McClurg)  McKnight. 
He  was  prepared  for  college  by  the  Rev.  Hugh 
McMillan  of  Xenia,  Ohio,  and  was  graduated 
from  the  College  of  New  Jersey,  A.B.,  1839,  A.M., 
1842.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1842,  and 
settled  in  practice  in  Pittsburg,  where  he  was  a 
member  of  the  common  council,  1847-49,  and 
president  of  that  body,  1848-49.  He  was  a  Re 
publican  representative  in  the  3Gth  and  37th  con 
gresses,  1839-63,  and  as  a  member  of  the  com 
mittee  on  foreign  affairs  he  addressed  the  house 
in  favor  of  the  bill  for  the  recognition  of  Haiti 
and  Liberia.  He  was  married,  May  27,  1847,  to 
Elizabeth  O'Hara,  daughter  of  the  Hon.  Harmar 
Denny  (q.  v.),  and  granddaughter  of  James 
O'Hara,  the  iirst  quartermaster-general  in  the 
United  States.  Mr.  McKnight  was  for  many 
years  a  ruling  elder  in  the  Presbyterian  church 
and  a  member  of  the  general  assembly  of  that 
church  in  1865,  1866,  1868,  1869  and  1873.  In 
June,  1884,  he  was  a  commissioner  to  the  Pan 
Presbyterian  council  at  Belfast,  Ireland.  He  died 
in  Pittsburg,  Pa.,  Oct.  25,  1885. 

McLACHLAN,  James,  representative,  was 
born  in  Argyllshire,  Scotland,  in  August,  1852. 
His  parents  settled  in  Tompkins  county,  N.Y.,  in 
1855,  where  James  attended  school,  worked  on  a 
farm,  began  teaching  in  1868,  and  prepared  him 
self  for  college.  He  was  graduated  from  Hamil 
ton  in  1878  ;  was  commissioner  of  public  schools 
in  Tompkins  county,  1878-81  ;  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  1881,  and  practised  in  Ithaca,  N.Y., 
1881-88.  He  removed  to  Pasadena,  Cal.,  in  1888, 
and  established  himself  in  law  practice.  He  was 
district  attorney  of  Los  Angeles  count}',  1890-94, 
was  a  Republican  representative  in  the  54th  con 
gress,  1895-97;  and  in  1900  he  was  re-elected  to 
the  57th  congress,  1901-03. 


[281] 


McLAIN,  Frank  Alexander,  representative,, 
was  born  in  Amite  county,  Miss.,  Jan.  29,  1853. 
He  was  graduated  from  the  University  of  Missis 
sippi  in  1874  ;  studied  law,  and  began  practice  in 
Liberty,  Miss.,  in  1880.  He  was  a  representative 
in  the  state  legislature,  1881-83  ;  district-attorney, 
1883-95,  and  a  member  of  the  state  constitutional 
convention  in  1890.  He  removed  to  Gloster, 
Miss.,  and  resumed  his  law  practice.  He  was  a 
Democratic  representative  in  the  55th  congress 
to  fill  the  vacancy  caused  by  the  death  of  William 
Franklin  Lore,  Oct.  17,  1898,  and  was  re-elected 
to  the  56th  and  57th  congresses,  1899-1903. 

McLANAHAN,  James  Xavier,  representative, 
was  born  in  Antrim  township,  Pa.,  in  1809  ;  son 
of  William  and  Mary  (Gregg)  McLanahan,  and 
grandson  of  James  McLanahan  and  of  Senator 
Andrew  Gregg.  He  was  graduated  from  Dick 
inson  college,  Pa.,  in  1826,  and  studied  law  in 
Carlisle  and  Chambersburg.  He  settled  in  prac 
tice  in  Chambersburg  in  1830,  and  was  a  state 
senator,  1840-43,  and  Democratic  representative 
in  the  31st  and  32d  congresses,  1849-53.  He  was 
chairman  of  the  judiciary  committee  in  the  32d 
congress.  He  was  married  in  1843  to  Anne  M., 
daughter  of  James  McBride,  a  merchant  of  New 
York  city,  and  in  1901  had  living  :  a  son,  George 
William  McLanahan  of  Washington,  D.C.,  a 
grandson,  James  Xavier  McLanahan,  and  a  great- 
grandson,  Duer  McLanahan  of  New  York  city. 
He  removed  from  Chambersburg  to  New  York 
city  in  1856  and  died  there,  Dec.  16,  1861. 

McLANE,  Louis,  cabinet  officer,  was  born  in 
Smyrna,  Del.,  May  28,  1786  ;  son  of  Allan  Mc- 
Lane  (1746-1829),  a  soldier  in  the  American 
army,  1775-83,  and  collector  of  the  port  of  Wil 
mington.  Del.,  1808-29.  Louis  was  warranted  a 
midshipman  in  the  U.S.  navy  in  1798,  and  served 
under  Com.  Stephen  Decatur  on  the  frigate 
Philadelphia,  1798-99.  He  left  the  navy  in  1801 
in  accordance  with  the  wishes  of  his  mother 
and  wTas  graduated  from  Newark  college,  Dela 
ware  ;  studied  law  in  the  office  of  James  A. 
Bayard  ;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1807  and 
practised  in  Smyrna,  Del.  He  was  married  in 
1812  to  Catharine  Mary,  daughter  of  Robert  and 
Sally  (Jones)  Milligan.  During  the  war  of  1812 
he  was  engaged  on  the  fortifications  of  the  town 
and  joined  Caesar  A.  Rodney's  company  of  volun 
teers,  organized  for  the  defence  of  Baltimore, 
in  1S14.  He  was  a  Democratic  representative 
in  the  15th-19th  congresses,  1817-27.  He  was 
opposed  to  the  admission  of  slavery  into  the 
newly  admitted  state  of  Missouri,  and  although 
instructed  by  the  legislature  of  his  state  to  vote 
in  favor  of  the  measure,  he  cast  his  ballot 
against  it.  He  was  U.S.  senator  from  Delaware, 
1827-29.  and  resigned  in  1829  on  being  appoint "d 
U.S.  minister  to  the  court  of  St.  James,  England. 


McLANE 


MCLAREN 


In  1831  he  was  recalled,  leaving  the  office  with 
Washington  Irving,  charge  d'affaires,  and  was 
appointed  secretary  of  the  treasury  in  Jackson's 
cabinet,  holding  office  until  May,  1833,  when  in 
consequence  ot  having  refused  in  his  official 
capacity  to  permit  the  removal  of  the  govern 
ment  deposits  from  the  U.S.  bank,  he  was  trans 
ferred  to  the  department  of  state.  He  retired 
from  the  cabinet  in  1834  and  removed  to  his 
estate  in  Cecil  county,  Md.  He  was  president 
of  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  railroad,  1837-47  ;  was 
appointed  U.S.  minister  to  England  by  President 
Polk  in  1845  and  remained  abroad  until  the  settle 
ment  of  the  Oregon  boundary  negotiations  in 
1846  when  he  resigned  and  was  succeeded  by 
George  Bancroft.  After  serving  as  a  delegate  to 
the  Maryland  constitutional  convention,  1850-51, 
he  retired  from  public  life.  He  died  in  Balti 
more,  Md.,  Oct.  7,  1857. 

McLANE,  Robert  Milligan,  statesman,  was 
born  in  Wilmington,  Del.,  June  23,  1815  ;  son  of 
Louis  and  Catharine  Mary  (Milligan)  McLane. 
He  attended  St.  Mary's  college,  Baltimore,  1827- 
29,  and  the  College  Bourbon,  Paris,  France,  in 

1829-31.  He  was  grad 
uated  from  the  U.S. 
Military  academy  in 
1837  and  assigned  to 
the  1st  artillery.  He 
took  part  in  the 
Seminole  war  in 
Florida  in  1837  and 
in  1838  served  under 
Gen.  Winfield  Scott 
in  the  Cherokee  dis 
turbances  in  Georgia. 
In  1839  he  was  en 
gaged  in  a  military 
survey  of  the  north 
ern  lakes  under  Capt. 
Augustus  Canfield. 

He  studied  law  and  practised  for  a  short  period 
in  the  District  of  Columbia.  He  was  married, 
Aug.  2,  1841,  to  Georgine,  daughter  of  David 
Urquhart,  a  planter  of  Louisiana.  He  was 
sent  to  Europe  in  1841  to  examine  the  system 
of  drainage  and  dykes  in  Italy  and  Holland.  In 
1843  he  resigned  his  commission  in  the  army  and 
practised  law  in  Baltimore,  Md.  He  was  a  Dem 
ocratic  representative  in  the  30th  and  31st 
congresses,  1847-51,  where  he  ably  sustained  the 
Mexican  war.  He  went  to  California  in  1851 
where,  with  Robert  J.  Walker,  he  defended  the 
claimants  to  the  quicksilver  mines  of  New 
Almaden.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  Democratic 
national  convention  at  Baltimore.  June  1,  1852, 
and  the  same  year  was  appointed  chairman  of 
the  Democratic  national  committee.  In  1853 
President  Pierce  appointed  him  U.S.  commis 


sioner  with  the  powers  of  minister  plenipoten 
tiary  to  China,  Japan.  Siam,  Korea  and  Cochin 
China,  where,  in  connection  with  Commodore 
Perry,  he  accomplished  important  treaties.  He 
was  counsel  for  the  first  projectors  of  the 
Pacific  railway  and  as  such  visited  California, 
and  Europe  in  1854-55.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the 
Democratic  national  convention  at  Cincinnati, 
June  2,  1856  ;  was  appointed  U.S.  minister  to 
Mexico  in  1859,  where  he  signed  the  treaty  of 
1860,  and  in  1861  he  returned  to  Baltimore  and 
took  an  active  part  in  the  secession  proceedings 
of  the  state  and  after  its  failure  retired  from 
public  life  and  devoted  himself  to  his  profession. 
He  was  counsel  for  the  Western  Pacific  railroad 
for  several  years.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  Dem 
ocratic  national  convention  that  met  in  St. 
Louis,  June  28,  1876  ;  was  state  senator,  1877-78  ; 
a  Democratic  representative  in  the  46th  and  47th 
congresses,  1879-83  ;  governor  of  Maryland, 
1883-85,  and  U.S.  minister  to  France  by  appoint 
ment  of  President  Cleveland,  1885-89.  He  died 
in  Paris,  France,  April  16,  1898. 

McLAREN,  Donald,  chaplain,  was  born  in 
Caledonia,  N.Y.,  March  7,  1834  ;  son  of  the  Rev. 
Dr.  Donald  Campbell  (q.v.)  and  Jane  (Stevenson) 
McLaren.  He  was  graduated  at  Union  college  in 
1853  and  at  Princeton  Theological  seminary  in 
1857.  He  was  ordained  by  the  presbytery  of  New 
Brunswick,  July  1,  1857,  was  pastor  of  Tennent 
church,  Freehold,  N.J.,  1857-62,  and  was  com 
missioned  a  chaplain  in  the  U.S.  navy,  March  10. 
1863.  He  was  married  July  14,  1858,  to  Elizabeth 
Stockton,  daughter  of  Prof.  Jacob  Green,  of 
Jefferson  Medical  college,  and  granddaughter  of 
the  Rev.  Ashbel  Green,  D.D.  (q.v.).  After  enter 
ing  the  navy,  he  acted  as  professor  of  ethics  at 
the  Naval  academy,  Newport,  R.I.,  1863-65.  He 
subsequently  made  cruises  in  different  parts  of 
the  world  and  served  at  various  naval  stations  in 
the  United  States.  He  was  chaplain  of  the  Naval 
academy,  Annapolis.  Md.,  1867-71.  He  received 
the  honorary  degree  of  D.D.  from  Wooster 
university,  Ohio,  in  1889.  Having  reached  the 
age  fixed  by  law  he  was  placed  on  the  retired  list, 
U.S.N.,  as  chaplain  in  1896. 

McLAREN,  Donald  Campbell,  clergyman. was 
born  in  New  York  city,  Oct.  3,  1794  :  son  of  Fin- 
lay  and  Margaret  (Campbell)  McLaren,  and  grand 
son  of  Donald  MacLaren  of  Balqnhidder,  Scot 
land.  His  parents  came  to  New  York  from  Cal- 
lander.  Scotland,  in  1793.  Finlay  McLaren  \\.-is 
a  merchant  in  Callander  and  in  Onondaga,  N.Y., 
where  he  died  in  1810.  Donald  Campbell  was 
graduated  at  Union  college,  1813,  studied  theol 
ogy  under  the  Rev.  John  M.  Mason.  New  York 
city  ;  and  was  pastor  of  the  Associate  Reformed 
Presbyterian  churches  in  Cambridge,  N.Y.,  1817- 
27,  and  Caledonia,  N.Y.,  1827-32.  After  re- 


[282] 


MCLAREN 


MCLAREN 


siding  in  Rochester  for  two  years  lie  removed  to 
Geneva,  N.Y.,  where  he  remained  during  the  rest 
of  his  life.  The  first  year  of  his  residence  he  was 
acting  pastor  of  the  Associate  Reformed  Presby 
terian  church.  He  was  moderator  of  the  general 
assembly  of  the  Associate  Reformed  church  at 
its  meeting  in  Pittsburg,  Pa.,  when  the  Asso 
ciate  church  and  the  Associate  Reformed  church 
united,  thus  forming  the  United  Presbyterian 
•church.  He  received  the  honorary  degree  of 
D.D.  from  Jefferson  college,  Pa.,  in  1857.  He  is 
the  author  of  pamphlets  on  a  variety  of  subjects 
and  of  a  metrical  version  of  the  "  Book  of  Psalms'" 
( 1877).  He  died  in  Geneva.  N.Y.,  May  7,  1882. 

McLAREN,  John  Finlay,  clergyman,  was  born 
in  Manlius,  N.Y.,  Feb.  7,  1803  ;  son  of  Finlay  and 
Margaret  (Campbell)  McLaren.  He  was  grad 
uated  from  Union  college  in  1825  and  from 
Princeton  Theological  seminary  in  1828,  and  was 
ordained  by  the  Associate  Reformed  presbytery, 
Caledonia,  N.Y.,  Jan.  7,  1830.  He  was  stated 
supply  at  Geneva,  N.Y.,  1828-30,  pastor  there, 
1830-45  ;  editor  of  the  Christian  Magazine,  1832- 
43  ;  pastor  at  Hagerstown,  Md.,  1845-46  ;  pastor 
of  the  First  church,  Pittsburg,  Pa.,  1846-51  ; 
.agent  of  the  Board  of  Domestic  Missions,  1851- 
55  ;  president  of  the  Western  University  of  Penn 
sylvania,  1855-58  ;  stated  supply  at  Pine  Creek, 
1855-62  ;  chaplain  of  the  10th  Pennsylvania  Re 
serves,  U.S.A.,  1862-64  ;  and  stated  supply  in  the 
Presbytery  of  Detroit,  Mich.,  1868-74.  His 
daughter  Margaret  was  married  to  the  Rev.  Dr. 
A.  A.  Hodge  (q.v.)  and  Dr.  McLaren  resided  with 
her  in  Princeton,  1878-83.  He  received  the  hon 
orary  degree  of  D.D.  from  Geneva  college  in 
1849.  He  died  in  Princeton,  N.J.,  March  14,  1883. 

McLAREN,  Robert  Neil,  soldier,  was  born  in 
•Caledonia,  N.Y.,  April  9,  1828  ;  son  of  the  Rev. 
Dr.  Donald  Campbell  (q.v.)  and  Jane  (Stevenson) 
McLaren.  He  matriculated  at  Union  college 
with  the  class  of  1852,  but  left  before  completing 
his  course  and  removed  to  Oregon,  where  he 
was  a  merchant  and  partner  of  Henry  W.  Corbett 
(q.v.).  Returning  east  he  lived  in  Red  Wing, 
Minn.,  where  he  engaged  as  a  grain  commission 
merchant,  1856-62,  after  which  his  home  was  in 
St.  Paul.  He  was  married.  May  10,  1857,  to 
Anna,  daughter  of  Archibald  MacVean  of  Wheat- 
land,  N.Y.  In  1859  and  1860  he  was  member  of 
the  Minnesota  senate.  In  1862  he  helped  to  raise 
the  6th  Minnesota  regiment  at  St.  Paul,  and 
was  commissioned  captain  and  later  major.  He 
served  with  Gen.  Henry  H.  Sibley  against  the 
Sioux  Indians,  and  after  making  a  journey  across 
the  northwestern  plains  he  engaged  in  a  similar 
expedition  with  Gen.  Alfred  Sully  in  1863-64. 
He  was  brevetted  brigadier-general  of  volunteers, 
Dec.  14,  1865.  He  was  post  commandant  at  Fort 
Snelling,  Minn.,  collector  of  internal  revenue  four 

[288] 


He 


years  ;  U.S.  marshal  four  years  and  chairman  of 
the  Republican  state  central  committee.  He 
died  in  St.  Paul,  Minn.,  July  30,  1886. 

McLAREN,  William  Edward,  third  bishop  of 
Chicago  and  114th  in  succession  in  the  American 
episcopate,  was  born  in  Geneva,  N.Y.,  Dec.  13, 
1831  ;  son  of  the  Rev.  Dr.  John  Finlay  (q.v.)  and 
Mary  (McKay)  McLaren.  He  was  graduated 
from  Jefferson  col 
lege,  Canonsburg, 
Pa.,  in  1851,  taught 
school,  1851-52,  and 
engaged  in  journal 
istic  work  in  Cleve 
land,  Ohio,  and  Pitts 
burg,  Pa.,  1852-57. 
He  was  graduated 
from  the  Western 
Theological  semin 
ary,  Allegheny,  Pa., 
B.D.,in  1860,  and  was 
ordained  the  same 
year  by  the  presby 
tery  of  Allegheny 
City  and  engaged  in 

missionary  work  in  New  Granada,  1860-63. 
was  pastor  of  the  Second  church,  Peoria,  111., 
1863-67,  and  of  Westminster  church,  Detroit, 
Mich.,  1867-72.  He  was  ordered  deacon  in  the 
Protestant  Episcopal  church,  in  St.  John's  church, 
Detroit,  Mich.,  July  29,  1872,  and  ordained  priest 
in  the  same  church,  Oct.  20,  1872,  by  Bishop  Mc- 
Coskry.  He  was  rector  of  Trinity  church,  Cleve 
land,  Ohio,  1872-75  ;  and  was  elected  bishop  of  Illi 
nois  in  September,  1875,  succeeding  Bishop  White- 
house.  He  was  consecrated  in  the  cathedral 
church  of  SS.  Peter  and  Paul,  Chicago,  111.,  by 
Bishops  McCoskry,  Bedell,  Whipple,  J.  C.  Talbot, 
Clarkson,  Spalding,  Gillespie  and  Welles,  Dec.  8, 
1875.  The  diocese  of  Illinois  was  divided  in  1877, 
and  two  new  sees,  Quincy  and  Springfield, 
created.  Bishop  McLaren  continued  as  bishop  of 
Illinois,  which  embraced  the  northern  section  of 
the  state,  the  name  of  which  in  1883  was  changed 
to  the  diocese  of  Chicago.  He  founded  the  West 
ern  Theological  seminary  in  Chicago  in  1881, 
with  an  endowment  of  §325,000,  and  Waterman 
Hall  for  girls  at  Sycamore,  111.,  in  1885,  with  an 
endowment  of  $200.000.  He  called  together  the 
first  diocesan  retreat  for  clergy  held  in  the  Amer 
ican  church,  served  as  primus  of  the  provincial 
synod  of  Illinois,  1878-1901,  and  became  president 
of  the  board  of  trustees  of  St.  Mary's  school, 
Knoxville,  111.,  and  of  the  institutions  of  his  own 
founding.  He  was  appointed  by  the  presiding 
bishop  in  1898  to  investigate  the  field  in  Porto 
Rico  with  a  view  to  the  promotion  of  church 
work  in  the  newly  acquired  colony.  He  received 
the  honorary  degree  of  D.D.  from  Racine  in  1873 


McLAUGHLEN 


McLAURIN 


and  D.C.L.  from  the  University   of  the  South  in      James    Burrill   and   Sarah   S.    (Caswell)  Angell. 


1884.  He  is  the  author  of  :  Catholic  Dogma,  the 
Antidote  of  Doubt  (1883)  ;  Inner  Proof  s  of  God 
(1884)  ;  Analysis  of  Pantheism  (1885)  ;  The  Prac 
tice  of  the  Interior  Life  (1897)  ;  The  Holy  Priest 
(1899)  ;  The  Essence  of  Prayer  (1901),  and  poems, 
addresses  and  occasional  sermons. 

McLAUGHLEN,  Napoleon  Bonaparte,  soldier, 
was  born  in  Chelsea,  Vt.,  Dec.  8,  1823.  He  en 
listed  in  the  U.S.  army  in  1849  ;  was  assigned  to 
the  3d  U.S.  dragoons,  May  27, 1850,  and  was  honor 
ably  discharged.  April  28,  1859.  He  rejoined  the 
army  as  3d  lieutenant  in  the  1st  U.S.  cavalry, 
March  27,  1861  ;  was  promoted  1st  lieutenant,  May 
3,  18(51,  and  transferred  to  the  4th  U.S.  cavalry  in 
August,  1861.  He  was  promoted  captain,  July 
17,  1862,  and  colonel  of  the  1st  Massachusetts 
volunteers,  Oct.  1,  1862.  He  served  in  the  1st 
brigade,  2d  division,  3d  army  corps,  in  the  battles 
of  Fredericksburg,  Chancellorsville,  Gettysburg, 
and  Locust  Grove,  1862-63.  He  was  in  the 
1st  brigade,  4th  division,  2d  corps,  in  the  Wilder 
ness  campaign,  and  at  Spottsylvania,  May  8-12, 
1864.  He  was  mustered  out  of  the  volunteer 
service,  May  28,  1864,  and  rejoined  the  4th  U.S. 
cavalry  at  Atlanta,  Ga.,  in  June,  and  on  Sept. 
14,  1864,  was  appointed  colonel  of  the  57th  Mas 
sachusetts  veteran  volunteers.  He  commanded 
the  1st  division  in  Willcox's  9th  corps,  Army  of 
the  Potomac,  at  the  siege  of  Petersburg,  and  the 
battle  of  Poplar  Grove  church,  and  the  3d  bri 
gade  in  the  defence  of  Forts  Haskell  and  Stedman, 
March  25,  1865.  where  he  was  captured  while  at 
tempting  to  rally  the  infantry  in  the  trenches 
between  the  two  forts,  and  confined  in  Libby 
prison,  Richmond,  Va.  He  was  brevetted  ma 
jor,  May  3,  1863,  and  lieutenant-colonel  in  the  reg 
ular  army,  July  2,  1863.  for  Chancellorsville  and 
Gettysburg;  brigadier-general  of  volunteers.  Sept. 
30,  1864,  for  Poplar  Grove  church,  Va.,  colonel, 
U.S.A.,  March  13,  1865,  for  the  assault  on  Fort 
Stedman,  and  brigadier-general,  U.S.A.,  March 
13,  1865,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  service  in 
the  field  during  the  war.  He  was  mustered  out 
of  the  volunteer  service.  Aug.  10.  1865:  com 
manded  the  post  of  Grand  Ecore,  La.,  was  pro 
moted  major  and  transferred  to  the  10th  cavalry, 
May  17,  1876,  and  was  retired  June  26,  1882.  He 
died  in  Middletown.  N.Y.,  Jan.  27,  1887. 

McLALJQHLIN,  Andrew  Cunningham,  edu 
cator,  was  born  in  Beardstown,  111.,  Feb.  14,  1861  ; 
son  of  David  and  Isabella  (Campbell)  McLaugh- 
lin.  He  was  graduated  from  the  University  of 
Michigan,  A.B..  1882,  LL.B.,  1885,  A.M.,  1895; 
and  remained  there  as  instructor  in  Latin,  18S6- 
87,  instructor  in  history,  1887-88,  assistant  pro 
fessor  of  history,  1888-91.  and  professor  of 
American  history  from  1891.  lie  was  married 
in  June,  1890,  to  Lois  Thompson,  daughter  of 


He  was  editor  of  "  Cooley's  Principles  of  Con 
stitutional  Law "  and  associate  editor  of  The 
American  Historical  Review  (1898);  and  is  the 
author  of  :  History  of  Higher  Education  in 
Michigan  (1891) ;  Lewis  Cass  in  "  American  States 
men  Series  "  (1891) ;  Civil  Government  of  Michigan 
(1892);  History  of  the  American  Nation  (1899). 

McLAURIN,  Anselm  Joseph,  governor  of 
Mississippi,  was  born  in  Brandon,  Miss.,  March 
26,  1848  ;  son  of  Lauchlin  and  Ellen  (Tullus) 
McLaurin,  and  grandson  of  Lauchlin  and  — 
(McLaurin)  McLaurin,  and  of  William  and 
Martha  (London)  Tullus.  He 
was  brought  up  on  a  farm, 
and  attended  the  neighbor 
ing  schools  and  the  Sum- 
merville  Institute  until  Aug 
ust,  1864.  when  he  joined  the 
Confederate  army.  He  was 
again  a  student  at  the  Sum- 
merville  Institute  in  1865-67  and  then  returned 
to  the  farm.  He  studied  law  in  the  evenings, 
Avas  admitted  to  the  bar  in  July,  1868,  and 
began  practice  in  Raleigh,  Miss.  He  was  mar 
ried,  Feb.  22,  1870,  to  Laura  Ranch  of  Trenton, 
Miss.  He  was  district  attorney  for  the  fifth 
district  of  Mississippi,  1871-76  ;  removed  to 
Brandon,  Miss.,  March  19.  1876  ;  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  the  state  legislature  in  1879  ;  pres- 
idenHal  elector  for  the  state  at  large  on  the 
Democratic  ticket  in  1888;  a  delegate  to  the 
state  constitutional  convention  in  1890  ;  and  U.S. 
senator,  1894-95,  to  fill  the  vacancy  caused  by 
the  resignation  of  Senator  Walthall.  He  was 
elected  governor  of  Mississippi  in  November, 
1895,  taking  his  seat,  Jan.  21,  1896,  and  serving 
until  Jan.  16,  1900,  when  he  was  elected  to  the 
U.S.  senate,  for  the  term  ending  March  4,  1907. 

McLAURIN,  John  Loundes,  senator,  was 
born  in  Red  Bluff,  Marlboro  county.  S.C.,  May  9, 
1860  ;  son  of  Philip  B.  and  Tommie  Jane  (Weath- 
erly)  McLaurin;  grandson  of  John  L.  McLaurin 
and  of  Thomas  C.  Weatherly,  and  a  descendant 
of  the  McLaurins  who  emigrated  from  Scotland 
during  the  eighteenth  century.  He  attended  the 
village  schools  of  Bennettsville,  S.C.  ;  Bethel 
Military  academy,  Warrenton,  Va.,  Swarthmore 
college,  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  the  Carolina  Military 
institute  and  the  University  of  Virginia.  lie 
studied  law,  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1882  and 
practised  in  Marlboro  county.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  the  state  legislature  in  1890 ;  attorney- 
general  of  the  state  in  1891  ;  a  Democratic  repre 
sentative  in  the  52d.  53d  and  54th  congresses, 
1891-97,  and  was  appointed  U.S.  senator  by  Gov 
ernor  Ellerbe,  May  27.  1897.  to  fill  the  vacancy 
caused  by  the  death  of  Joseph  11.  Earle.  and  took 
his  seat,  June  1,  1897.  After  a  campaign,  in 


[284] 


McLAWS. 


MACLAY 


which  the  question  was  submitted  to  the  people 
of  the  state,  he  was  elected  to  till  out  the  unex- 
pired  term  ending  March  3,  1903.  On  July  25, 
1901,  the  Democratic  state  executive  committee 
of  South  Carolina  asked  him  to  tender  his  resig 
nation  as  United  States  senator,  which  request 
he  ignored.  On  July  11,  1902,  President  Roose 
velt  offered  him  the  position  of  judge  of  the 
United  States  court  of  claims,  which  position  he 
declined.  July  22.  1902. 

McLAWS,  Lafayette,  soldier,  was  born  at 
Augusta.  Ga.,  Jan.  15,  1821.  He  attended  the 
University  of  Virginia,  1837-38,  and  was  grad 
uated  fr.rn  the  U.S.  Military  academy  in  1843, 
and  promoted  brevet  2d  lieutenant,  6th  infantry, 

U.S.A.,  July  1.  1S42. 
He  served  on  frontier 
and  garrison  duty  in 
Indian  Territory, 
Mississippi,  Louis 
iana,  Florida  and 
Texas,  1842-46  ;  was 
promoted  2d  lieu 
tenant,  7th  infantry. 
March  16,  1844,  and 
served  in  the  war 
with  Mexico,  1846-47, 
being  engaged  in  the 
defence  of  Fort 
Brown,  May  3-9, 1846; 
the  battle  of  Mon 
terey,  Sept.  21,  1846, 

and  the  siege  of  Vera  Cruz,  March  9, 1847.  He 
was  promoted  1st  lieutenant,  Feb.  16,  1847;  was 
on  recruiting  duty,  1847-48  ;  was  acting  assistant 
adjutant-general  of  the  department  of  New  Mex 
ico,  1849-51  ;  was  promoted  captain,  Aug.  24, 
1S51,  and  was  on  frontier  and  garrison  duty  in 
the  west,  1852-61.  He  resigned  his  commission 
in  the  U.S.  army,  March  23,  1861.  On  returning 
to  Georgia,  he  joined  the  state  forces  gathered 
by  Governor  Brown  and  was  commissioned  major 
of  infantry.  He  entered  the  Confederate  army, 
March  23,  1861,  as  colonel  of  the  10th  Georgia 
regiment  and  was  promoted  brigadier-general, 
Sept.  25,  1861.  He  was  on  the  Lower  Peninsula, 
Va..  under  Magruder.  and  distinguished  himself 
at  Lee's  Mills,  April  16,  1862,  and  in  the  seven 
days'  battles  before  Richmond,  where  he  com 
manded  the  2d  division  of  Magruder's  command. 
June  25- July  1,  1862.  He  was  ordered  to  Har 
per's  Ferry,  Va.,  by  General  Lee  in  September, 
1862,  and  with  his  own  and  Anderson's  divisions 
gained  Maryland  Heights,  Sept.  13-14,  1862,  and 
with  Walker's  division  on  London  Heights,  and 
T.  J.  Jackson's  on  Bolivar  Heights  soon  forced 
the  surrender  of  the  place.  He  joined  Lee's 
army  during  the  battle  of  Sharpsburg,  September 
17,  and  commanded  his  division  in  Longstreet's 


corps  in  the  remainder  of  the  battle,  restoring 
the  shattered  Confederate  line  and  covering  the 
safe  retreat  of  Lee's  army  across  the  Potomac, 
Sept.  19,  1862.  He  commanded  his  division  at 
Fredericksburg,  Dec.  13,  1862,  and  held  the  ground 
at  Marye's  Heights,  with  5000  men  against  40.000, 
and  his  stand  cost  the  Federal  army  in  killed  and 
wounded  more  than  double  the  force  lie  com 
manded.  At  Chancellorsville,  Longstreet  being 
absent  with  Hood's  and  Pickett's  divisions,  he 
commanded  the  corps  as  well  as  his  own  division. 
At  Gettysburg,  July  1-3,  1863,  his  division  held 
the  right  of  the  line  of  battle.  After  the  retreat 
into  Virginia,  with  Longstreet's  corps  be  joined 
Hood's  army  in  Tennessee,  and  at  Chickainauga, 
Sept.  19-20,  1863,  he  commanded  Longstveet's 
corps  when  Longstreet  succeeded  to  the  com 
mand  of  the  army  after  Hood  was  wounded.  In 
the  investment  of  Knoxville,  Nov.  17 — Dec.  4, 
1863,  he  held  the  right  of  Longstreet's  corps  and  of 
the  line  of  battle.  He  was  then  ordered  to  the 
command  of  the  district  of  Georgia,  where  he 
had  charge  of  the  defences  of  Savannah,  and  in 
the  campaign  through  the  Carol  in  as  in  pursuit  of 
Sherman  he  commanded  a  division  in  Hardee's 
corps  and  reinforced  Hoke's  division  at  Benton- 
ville,  March  20, 1865.  He  surrendered  with  John 
ston,  and  after  the  war  engaged  in  business  in 
Augusta,  Ga.  In  1875  he  was  appointed  U.S. 
collector  of  internal  revenue  for  the  district  of 
Savannah,  and  he  was  also  appointed  postmaster 
at  Savannah  in  1876.  He  delivered  his  lecture, 
'•  The  Maryland  Campaign,"  in  1886-87,  in  various 
cities  in  the  United  States  and  is  the  author  of  : 
The  Confederate  Left  at  Fredericksburg  in  "  Bat 
tles  and  Leaders  of  the  Civil  War,"  vol.  iii.,  p.  89- 
94.  He  died  in  Savannah,  Ga.,  July  24,  1897. 

MACLAY,  Archibald,  clergyman,  was  born  at 
Killearn,  Scotland,  May  14,  1776.  His  father  died 
in  1785  and  Archibald  became  the  sole  support 
of  his  family.  He  removed  to  Glasgow  where  he 
was  educated  for  the  ministry  of  the  Congrega 
tional  church  through  the  liberality  of  Robert 
Haidane.  He  attended  the  University  of  Edin 
burgh,  and  in  1802  began  preaching  in  Kirkcaldy. 
In  1805  he  immigrated  with  his  family  to  Amer 
ica,  settled  in  New  York  city,  and  organized  a 
Congregational  church  on  Rose  street,  but  in 
1809,  with  most  of  his  congregation  he  joined  the 
Baptist  church  and  organized  what  subsequently 
became  the  Tabernacle  Baptist  church,  of  which 
he  was  pastor,  1809-37.  He  retired  in  1837  and 
became  general  agent  of  the  American  and  For 
eign  Bible  society.  Ele  was  instrumental  in  the 
organization  of  the  American  and  Foreign  Bible 
Union  of  which  he  became  general  agent,  and 
subsequently  president.  He  procured  the  dona 
tion  of  large  sums  of  money  for  the  purpose  of 
revising  the  English  Bible,  and  for  the  endow- 


[285] 


MACLAY 


MACLAY 


nient  of  Macluy  college.  In  1856,  becoming  dis 
satisfied  with  the  management  of  the  Bible 
Union,  he  withdrew,  publishing  his  reasons  for 
so  doing.  He  was  a  trustee  of  the  University 
of  the  City  of  New  York.  1830-38.  and  secretary 
of  the  board,  1832-38.  He  was  twice  married, 
first  to  Mary,  daughter  of  William  Brown  of 
Glasgow,  Scotland,  and  secondly  to  Julia  Ann 
AValker.  He  compiled  a  Hymn  Book  supple 
mental  to  "  Watts's  Psalms  and  Hymns."  Ho 
died  in  New  York  city.  May  2.  1S60. 

MACLAY,  Edgar  Stanton,  author,  was  born 
in  Foooho\v,  China.  April  18.  1N63  ;  son  of  the 
Rev.  Dr.  Robert  Samuel  and  Henrietta  Caroline 
(Sperry)  Maclay.  He  was  a  student  at  Syracuse 
university,  1881-85,  and  received  his  A.B.  degree 
from  there  in  1880,  and  that  of  A.M.  on  examina 
tion  in  1888.  He  studied  in  Germany,  France, 
and  England,  1885-86,  with  special  reference  to 
preparing  a  naval  history  of  the  United  States. 
He  engaged  in  newspaper  work  on  the  Brooklyn, 
N.Y.,  Times,  1886-90:  on  the  New  York  Tribune, 
1890-93  ;  on  the  editorial  staff  of  the  Tribune, 
1893-95,  and  also  on  the  editorial  staff  of  the 
New  York  Sun,  1894-95.  He  was  lighthouse 
keeper  at  Old  Field  Point,  Long  Island,  1895-1900, 
and  on  Sept.  7,  1900,  was  appointed  to  a  position 
in  the  U.S.  navy  yard,  Brooklyn,  N.Y.  He  was 
married,  Dec.  22,  1894,  to  Katherine  Koerber. 
He  gained  considerable  notoriety  in  1901  on  the 
appearance  of  the  revised  edition  of  "  A  History 
of  the  United  States  Navy,"  which  in  its  first 
editions  had  been  adopted  as  a  text-book  in  the 
U.S.  Naval  academy.  The  new  edition  included 
the  Spanish-American  war  after  the  capture  of 
Manila,  and  in  his  account  of  the  naval  operations 
in  Cuban  waters  Mr.  Maclay,  in  a  series  of  para 
graphs,  reflected  on  the  conduct  of  Rear-Admiral 
Schley.  These  reflections  resulted  in  a  court  of 
inquiry  on  the  conduct  of  the  Admiral,  held  in 
Washington  in  September,  1901.  followed  by  a  re 
quest  from  the  secretary  of  the  navy  for  Maclay 's 
resignation,  Dec.  23,  1901.  The  volume  in  which 
the  offensive  article  appeared  was  ordered  to  be 
withdrawn  from  the  Naval  Academy,  and  the 
legislature  of  Maryland  had  it  removed  from 
the  state  library  in  1902.  Mr.  Maclay  edited 
Journal  of  U.S.  Senator  William  Maclay  (1889), 
and  is  the  author  of  :  History  of  the  Maclay 
Family  (1888)  ;  A  History  of  the  United  States 
Navy  (1894  ;  rev.  ed.,  2  vols..  1898  ;  new  ed.,  3 
vols.,  1901)  ;  Reminiscences  of  tlte  Old  Navy 
(1898)  ;  The  History  of  American  Privateers 
(1899).  and  articles  in  the  Century,  Harper's,  and 
other  magazines. 

MACLAY,  Robert  Samuel,  missionary  and 
educator,  was  born  in  Concord,  Pa.,  Feb.  7, 
1824  ;  son  of  Robert  and  Arabella  (Erwin)  Mac- 
lay.  He  was  graduated  at  Dickinson  college,  A.B., 


1845,  A.M.,  1848  ;  entered  the  ministry  of  the 
Methodist  Episcopal  church  in  1846,  and  on  Oct. 
13,  1847,  sailed  as  a  missionary  to  Foochow, 
China.  He  was  married,  July  10,  1850.  to  Hen 
rietta  Caroline  Sperry,  at  Hong  Kong,  China. 
He  assisted  in  translating  the  New  Testament  in 
the  Foochow  dialect  and  was  superintendent  and 
treasurer  of  the  Foochow  mission,  1852-72.  He 
was  transferred  to  the  Japan  mission  in  1872  as 
superintendent  and  treasurer  ;  assisted  in  trans 
lating  the  New  Testament  into  Japanese  ;  was 
a  delegate  from  Japan  to  the  ecumenical  con 
ference,  London,  England,  1881,  and  helped  to 
found  the  Anglo-Chinese  college  at  Foochow, 
China,  1881.  He  was  married  secondly  in  San 
Francisco,  Cal..  June  6,  1882,  to  Sarah  Ann  Barr. 
He  obtained  permission  from  the  king  of  Korea 
to  establish  Christian  missions  in  his  kingdom  in 
1884.  He  established  the  Anglo-Japanese  col 
lege,  Tokyo,  1883,  and  was  its  president,  1883-87  ; 
established  the  Philander  Smith  Biblical  insti 
tute,  Tokyo,  1884,  and  was  its  dean,  1884-87.  He 
was  ministerial  delegate  from  Japan  to  the 
general  conference  of  the  M.E.  church,  New 
York,  1888,  and  was  dean  of  the  Maclay  College 
of  Theology,  San  Fernando,  Cal.,  1888-93.  He 
retired  from  active  educational  work  in  1893  and 
continued  his  home  at  San  Fernando.  Dickinson 
conferred  upon  him  the  degree  of  D.D.  in  1861. 
He  is  the  author  of  :  Life  among  the  Chinese 
(1861)  ;  Dictionary  of  the  Chinese  Language 
(1871),  and  sketches  of  the  Japan  M.E.  missions 
for  Reid's  History  of  Methodist  Missions. 

MACLAY,  Samuel,  senator,  was  born  in  Cum 
berland  county,  Pa.,  June  7,  1741  ;  son  of  Charles 
and  Eleanor  (Query)  Maclay.  He  assisted  his 
brother  William  in  surveying  the  officers'  grant 
on  the  Susquehanna.  He  served  during  the 
Revolutionary  war  in  the  Northumberland 
county  troops  as  lieutenant-colonel,  and  was  as 
sociate  judge  of  the  county,  1792-95  ;  representa 
tive  in  the  4th  congress,  1795-97  ;  state  senator, 
1797-1802,  and  speaker,  1801-02.  During  his  term 
of  office  as  state  senator  he  presided  over  an  im 
peachment  trial  against  the  protest  of  the  opposi 
tion.  He  was  U.S.  senator  from  Pennsylvania, 
1803-08,  and  resigned  before  the  end  of  his  term 
on  account  of  failing  health.  He  died  in  North 
umberland  county,  Pa.,  Oct.  5,  1811. 

MACLAY,  William,  senator,  was  born  in  New 
Garden,  Pa.,  July  20.  1737;  son  of  Charles  and 
Eleanor  (Query)  Maclay,  and  grandson  of  John 
Maclay  and  of  William  Query.  His  father  immi 
grated  to  America,  in  1734,  lived  at  New  Garden, 
Chester  county,  1734-40.  and  in  1740  removed  to 
Cumberland  county.  William  was  a,  pupil  of  the 
Rev.  John  Blair,  at  Big  Spring,  and  served  as 
a  lieutenant  in  Gen.  John  Forbes's  expedition  to 
Fort  Duquesne  in  1758,  and  in  Gen.  Henry  Bou- 


[286] 


M ACL AY 


quet's  inarch  to  Fort  Pitt  and  engagement  at 
Bushy  Run  in  1759.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  1760,  and  was  a  surveyor  of  the  land  on  the 
Susquehanna  granted  to  officers  of  the  army, 
and  acquired  a  considerable  grant.  He  visited 
the  proprietors  in  England,  and  entered  the  serv 
ice  of  the  Penn  family  as  deputy  surveyor  of 
Bucks  county.  He  was  married  in  1769  to  Mary, 
daughter  of  John  Harris,  the  proprietor  of  Har- 
risburg.  In  1772,  upon  the  organization  of 
Northumberland  county,  he  was  made  prothono- 
tary  and  clerk  of  the  courts,  and  assisted  in  laying 
out  the  town  of  Sunbury,  Pa.  He  was  active 
in  raising  and  equipping  troops  for  the  Conti 
nental  service,  participated  in  the  battles  of 
Trenton  and  Princeton  and  served  as  commis 
sary.  He  was  elected  a  member  of  the  provin 
cial  assembly  in  1781;  was  Indian  commissioner, 
judge  of  common  pleas,  and  a  member  of  the 
executive  council.  He  was  elected  in  Janu 
ary.  1789,  with  Robert  Morris,  to  the  U.S.  senate, 
and  in  determining  his  term  of  service  drew  the 
short  term  ending  March  3,  1791.  He  was  a 
leader  of  the  opposition  to  the  administration  of 
Washington,  to  the  funding  of  the  national  debt 
and  to  the  establishing  of  a  U.S.  bank,  and  was 
prominent  in  the  movement  that  terminated  in 
the  establishment  of  the  Anti-Federal  party.  At 
the  expiration  of  his  term  he  retired  to  his  farm 
at  Dauphin,  Pa.  ;  was  a  representative  in  the 
state  legislature  in  1795  ;  a  presidential  elector 
for  Thomas  Jefferson  in  1796;  county  judge, 
1801-03,  and  a  representative  in  the  state  legisla 
ture,  1803-04.  He  wrote  :  Sketches  of  Debate 
in  the  First  Senate  of  the  United  States,  1789-91, 
from  notes  taken  in  both  the  open  and  secret  ses 
sions.  He  died  in  Dauphin,  Pa.,  April  16,  1804. 

MACLAY,  William,  representative,  was  born 
in  Lurgan  township.  Franklin  county,  Pa., 
March  22,  1765  ;  son  of  John  and  Jane  (Dickson) 
Maclay,  and  grandson  of  Charles  and  Eleanor 
(Query)  Maclay  and  of  David  and  Catherine 
(Greenlee)  Dickson.  He  was  married,  Dec.  22, 
1789,  to  Margaret,  daughter  of  Alexander  Cul- 
bertson.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Pennsylvania 
assembly  in  1807  and  1808  ;  a  representative  in 
the  14th  and  15th  congresses,  1815-19,  and  was 
an  associate  judge  for  the  district  composed  of 
Adams,  Cumberland  and  Franklin  counties.  He 
died  in  Franklin  county.  Pa.,  Jan.  4,  1825. 

MACLAY,  William  Brown,  representative, 
was  born  in  New  York  city,  March  20,  1812  ;  son  of 
the  Rev.  Archibald  and  Mary  (Brown)  Maclay. 
He  was  graduated  at  the  University  of  the  City 
of  New  York  in  1836  and  became  acting  professor 
of  the  Latin  language  and  literature  as  substi 
tute  for  Prof.  John  Proudfit.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  council  of  the  university,  1838-81,  and 
served  as  secretary  of  the  board,  1838-56.  He  was 

V- 


married,  Aug.  22.  1838.  to  Antoinette,  daughter 
of  Mark  Walton  of  New  Orleans,  La.  He  prac 
tised  law  in  New  York  city,  1838-81  ;  was  a 
Democratic  member  of  the  state  assembly, 
1840-42,  and  as  chairman  of  the  committee  of 
schools  and  colleges 
he  introduced  the 
general  act  in  relation 
to  common  schools 
passed  April  11,  1842, 
which  was  the  found 
ation  of  the  public 
school  system  of  the 
state.  He  was  also 
chairman  of  the  lit 
erature  committee 
and  was  instrumental 
in  causing  the  nn 
published  journals  ot 
the  provincial  con 
gress  of  New  York 
for  the  season  of 

1775  and  1776  to  be  printed.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  from  New  York  in  the  28th,  29th  and 
30th  congresses,  1843-49,  where  he  advocated  the 
annexation  of  Texas,  the  admission  of  Oregon, 
the  claims  of  the  heirs  of  John  Paul  Jones  and 
advocated  free  homesteads  on  all  public  lands  to 
actual  settlers.  He  was  one  of  the  original 
trustees  of  the  New  York  and  Brooklyn  Bridge, 
and  a  member  of  the  American  Geographical 
society  of  New  York,  and  of  various  social  clubs. 
He  died  in  New  York  city,  Feb.  19,  1882. 

MACLAY,  William  Plunkett,  representative, 
was  born  in  Northumberland  county,  Pa.,  Aug. 
23,  1774  ;  son  of  Samuel  Maclay  (q.v.).  He  was 
prothonotary  of  Mifflin  county,  1808-16;  filled  the 
unexpired  term  of  Thomas  Burnside  in  the  14th 
congress  and  was  a  representative  in  the  15th 
and  16th  congresses,  1817-21.  He  was  a  delegate 
to  the  state  constitutional  convention  but  declined 
to  sign  the  constitution  as  it  did  not  extend  the 
right  of  suffrage  to  negroes.  He  died  in  Milroy, 
Mifflin  county,  Pa.,  Sept.  2,  1842. 

McLEAN,  Alney,  representative,  was  born  in 
Burke  county,  N.C. ,  Sept.  5,  1779.  He  settled  in 
the  practice  of  law  at  Greenville,  Ky.,  about 
1805;  represented  Muhlenburg  county  in  the 
legislature,  1812-13,  and  commanded  a  company 
of  Kentucky  volunteer  riflemen  in  the  battle  of 
New  Orleans,  Jan.  8,  1815,  where  he  distinguished 
himself.  He  was  a  representative  in  the  14th  and 
16th  congresses,  1815-17  and  1819-21.  He  was 
appointed  by  President  Monroe  U.S.  circuit 
judge  for  Kentucky  in  1821,  and  held  the  office 
until  his  death.  He  was  a  district  elector  on  the 
Clay  ticket  in  1824,  and  from  the  state  at  large 
on  the  Clay  ticket  in  1832.  He  died  at  Green 
ville,  Ky. 


AicLEAN 


MCLEAN 


McLEAN,  Daniel  Veech,  educator,  was  born 
in  Fayette  county,  Pa.,  Nov.  24,  1801  ;  son  of 
Alexander  and  Mary  (Veech)  McLean  and  grand 
son  of  James  McLean.  He  was  brought  up  near 
Chillicothe,  Ohio,  graduated  from  Ohio  univer 
sity,  1854,  and  studied  at  Princeton  Theological 
seminary,  1827-29.  He  taught  in  Chambersburg, 
Pa.,  1825-20;  was  ordained  an  evangelist  in 
Miami,  Ohio,  June  29,  18151  ;  was  stated  supply  at 
Lebanon,  Ohio,  1831-32;  pastor  of  Tennent 
church.  Freehold,  N.J.,  1832-30,  and  of  the  Vil 
lage  church,  Freehold,  which  he  had  organized, 
1838-50.  In  1851  he  was  inaugurated  president 
of  Lafayette  college,  and  at  once  undertook  to 
raise  a  permanent  endowment  of  $100,000  by  the 
sale  of  scholarships,  the  sum  of  $100  entitling  the 
subscriber  to  the  tuition  of  his  own  son,  or  of  the 
son  of  any  person  to  whom  he  might  transfer  the 
certificate.  He  pushed  this  work  with  untiring 
energy  and  the  full  amount  was  pledged  by  Janu. 
ary,  1854.  He  resigned  the  presidency  in  1857, 
travelled  in  Europe,  1858,  and  spent  four  years  in 
London,  England,  where  he  preached  frequently, 
and  on  his  return  he  served  as  pastor  of  First 
church,  Plainfield,  N.J.,  1802-03,  and  at  Redbank, 
N.J.,  1803-09.  He  was  a  trustee  of  Lafayette 
college,  1853-05,  and  a  director  of  Princeton  The 
ological  seminary,  1848-00.  The  honorary  degree 
of  D.I),  was  conferred  on  him  by  Lafayette  college 
in  1848.  He  died  at  Redbank,  N.J.,  Nov.  23,  1809. 

McLEAN,  Emily  Nelson  (Ritchie),  regent, 
D.A.R.,  was  born  in  Prospect-  Hall,  Frederick, 
Md..  Jan.  28,  1859  ;  daughter  of  Judge  John  and 
Bettie  (Maulsby)  Ritchie  :  granddaughter  of  Dr. 
Albert  and  Katharine  Lackland  (Davis)  Ritchie 
and  of  Judge  William  Pinkney  and  Emily  (Nel 
son)  Maulsby  ;  great  granddaughter  of  General 
Roger  and  Betsy  (Harrison)  Nelson,  and  a  descen 
dant  on  the  paternal  side  from  William  Burgess, 
deputy  governor  of  Maryland,  who  immigrated 
in  1050  and  settled  on  South  Oliver,  Md.  She  was 
graduated  from  Frederick  seminary  (now 
Woman's  college)  in  1873,  and  took  a  post-graduate 
course  i:i  language,  history  and  mathematics. 
She  was  married,  April  24,  1883.  at  Frederick, 
to  Donald  McLean  of  New  York.  She  was  one 
of  the  charter  members  of  the  Daughters  of  the 
American  Revolution  and  was  chosen  regent  of 
the  New  York  city  chapter  in  1894.  During  the 
Cotton  States  and  International  exposition  of 
1895-90  she  served  as  commissioner  from  New 
York,  and  she  was  appointed  commissioner  to  the 
South  Carolina  exposition  of  1901-02.  She  deliv 
ered  public  addresses  throughout  the  country  on 
educational  and  patriotic  subjects.  In  1901  she 
was  appointed  head  of  the  Victorian  Interna 
tional  society.  A  scholarship  in  Barnard  college, 
a  woman's  college  connected  with  Columbia 
university,  New  York,  bears  her  name. 


MacLEAN,  George  Edwin,  educator,  was 
born  in  Rockville,  Conn..  Aug.  31,  1850;  son  of 
Edwin  YV.  and  Julia  11.  (Ladd)  MacLean.  He 
was  graduated  at  Willliams  college  A.B.,  1871, 
A.M.,  1874,  and  at  Yale  Divinity  school  B.D.,  1874, 
and  was  ordained  by  the  presbytery  of  Columbia 
in  1874.  He  was  married.  May  20,  1874.  to 
Clara  S.,  daughter  of  Charles  J.  Taylor  of  Great 
Barrington,  Mass.  He  was  pastor  at  New  Lebanon, 
N.Y.,  1874-77,  and  of  the  memorial  church,  Troy, 
N.Y.,  1877-81.  He  studied  at  the  universities  of 
Berlin  and  Leipzig,  1881-83,  and  received  the 
degree  Ph.D.  from  Leipzig  in  1883.  He  collated 
several  old  English  manuscripts  in  the  British 
Museum  and  at  the  Universities  of  Cambridge 
and  Oxford,  made  a  tour  of  Europe,  and  returned 
to  the  United  States  in  1884.  He  was  professor 
of  the  English  language  and  literature  in  the 
University  of  Minnesota,  1884-94,  with  the  excep 
tion  of  the  year  1891,  when  he  made  a  second  visit 
to  England,  and  studied  in  the  British  museum. 
He  visited  Paris  in  1894.  and  made  researches  in 
the  Bibliotheque  Nationale.  and  in  1895  was 
elected  chancellor  of  the  University  of  Nebraska 
and  president  of  the  University  senate.  He 
directed  the  work  of  the  U.S.  agricultural  ex 
periment  station  at  the  University  of  Nebraska 
and  in  1889  visited  England,  Holland  and  Germany 
for  the  purpose  of  investigating  the  work  done 
at  the  various  agricultural  stations.  He  was  made 
a  member  of  the  Philological  society  of  London 
and  of  the  American  Philological  society  in  1891. 
He  received  the  honorary  degree  of  LL.D.  from 
Williams  college  in  1895.  He  edited  ^Elfrics 
Anglo-Saxon  version  of  Alcuini  Interrogation es 
Sigewulfi  Presbyteri  in  Genesin  (1833)  ;  An 
Old  and  Middle  English  Reader  by  Zupitza  (1880)  ; 
An  Introductory  Course  in  Old  English  (1891), 
and  is  the  author  of  :  ^1  Chart  of  English  Litera 
ture  with  References  (1892);  An  Old  and  Middle 
English  Reader  with  Introduction,  Notes  and 
Glossary  (1893). 

McLEAN,  George  Payne,  governor  of  Con 
necticut,  was  born  in  Simsbury,  Conn..  Oct.  7, 
1857  ;  son  of  Dudley  B.  and  Mary  (Payne)  McLean, 
grandson  of  the  Rev.  Allen  McLean,  and  a  descend 
ant  of  Governor  Bradford  of  Massachusetts  and 
of  Capt.  John  Mason  of  Connecticut.  He  was 
graduated  from  the  Hartford  high  school,  served 
as  a  reporter  on  the  Hartford  Evening  Post,  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1881,  and  settled  in  prac 
tice  in  Hartford.  He  was  a  republican  represent 
ative  in  the  general  assembly,  1883-84  :  was  in 
strumental  in  establishing  the  board  of  pardons 
in  1883,  and  was  clerk  of  the  board,  1883-15)00; 
was  elected  state  senator  in  1888  ;  was  U.S.  dis 
trict  attorney,  1882-90,  and  in  1900  succeeded 
George  E.  Lounsbury  (q.  v.)  as  governor  of  Con 
necticut,  for  the  term  ending  Jan.  4.  1903. 


[-3881 


MACLEAN 


MCLEAN 


MacLEAN,  James  A.,  educator,  was  born  in 
Muyfair,  Ont.,  Aug.  2.  1868  ;  son  of  Alexander 
MacLean.  He  attended  the  Collegiate  institute 
at  Strathroy,  Ont.,  and  was  graduated  from  the 
University  of  Toronto  in  1892.  He  studied  law, 
1892-94;  was  professor  of  political  science  at  the 
University  of  Colorado,  1894-1900,  and  waselected 
president  of  the  University  of  Idaho  in  Septem 
ber,  1900.  He  was  a  university  fellow  at  Colum 
bia,  1893-94,  receiving  the  degree  of  A.M.  in  1893 
and  that  of  Ph.D.  in  1894.  He  is  the  author  of 
essays  on  the  Financial  History  of  Canada 
(1894). 

MACLEAN,  John,  chemist,  was  born  in  Glas 
gow,  Scotland,  March  1,  1771  ;  son  of  Dr.  John 
•and  Agnes  (Lang)  Maclean,  and  grandson  of 
Archibald  Maclean,  minister  of  the  parish  of 
Kilfinichen.  He  was  left  an  orphan  and  became 
the  ward  of  George  Macintosh,  and  when  thirteen 
years  old  was  admitted  to  the  University  of  Glas 
gow,  where,  in  addition  to  the  arts,  he  pursued  a 
course  in  chemistry  and  in  1786-87  attended  the 
lectures  of  Dr.  Alexander  Stevenson  on  anatomy, 
midwifery  and  botany.  He  went  to  Edinburgh  in 
1787  to  hear  Dr.  Black  on  chemistry  ;  studied 
surgery  in  London  and  Paris;  received  his  M.D. 
degree  in  Glasgow  in  1791  and  practised  there  as 
a  member  of  the  faculty  of  physicians  and  sur 
geons,  1792-95.  He  immigrated  to  America  in 
April,  1795,  and  settled  in  Princeton,  N.J.,on  the 
advice  of  Dr.  Benjamin  Rush  of  Philadelphia, 
.and  became  a  partner  of  Dr.  Ebenezer  Stockton. 
lie  delivered  a  course  of  lectures  on  the  Lavoi 
sierian  theory  of  chemistry  at  the  College  of  New 
Jersey  ;  was  professor  of  chemistry  and  natural 
history  there,  1795-97;  professor  of  mathematics 
and  natural  philosophy,  1797-1804  ;  professor  of 
natural  philosophy  and  chemistry,  1804-08  ;  and 
professor  of  mathematics,  natural  philosophy  and 
•chemistry,  1808-12.  He  was  married,  Nov.  7, 
1798,  to  Phoebe,  eldest  daughter  of  Absalom  and 
Mary  (Taylor)  Bainbridge  of  Middletown,  N.J., 
-and  sister  of  Commodore  William  Bainbridge, 
U.S.N.  He  was  professor  of  natural  philosophy 
and  chemistry  at  the  College  of  William  and 
Mary  in  1812-13,  but  was  compelled  to  resign  in 
1813  on  account  of  ill  health,  caused  by  bilious 
fever,  from  which  he  never  recovered.  His  chem 
ical  instructions  included  the  practical  application 
of  chemistry  to  agriculture  and  manufacture,  and 
his  chair  at  Princeton  was  the  first  chair  of  chem 
istry  in  the  United  States.  He  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  Academy  of  Medicine  of  Philadel 
phia  in  June,  1799,  and  a  member  of  the  American 
Philosophical  society  in  January,  1805.  He  was 
admitted  to  American  citizenship  in  December, 
1807.  He  is  the  author  of  Lectures  on  Combus 
tion  (1797),  and  many  articles  on  the  philogis- 
tic  theory  of  combustion  in  the  New  York  Medical 

[389] 


Repository,  in  controversy  with  Dr.  Joseph  Priest 
ley.  See  "Memoir"  by  his  son,  Dr.  John  Mac- 
lean(1876).  He  died  in  Princeton,  Feb.  17,  1814. 
McLEAN,  John,  jurist,  was  born  in  Morris 
county,  N.J.,  March  11,  1785;  son  of  Fergus 
and  Sophia  (Blockford)  McLean.  His  father,  a 
weaver  by  trade,  emigrated  from  Ireland  to  New 
Jersey,  removed  to  Morgantown,  Va.,  in  1789,  to 
Jessamine,  Ky.,  soon 
after,  to  Maysliok, 
Ky.,  in  1793,  and  to 
Lebanon,  Ohio,  in 
1799,  where  he  died 
in  1839.  John  attended 
school  as  the  oppor 
tunity  presented  it 
self,  and  in  1801  he 
had  earned  enough 
money  to  pay  for 
private  tuition.  In 
1803  he  went  to  Cin 
cinnati  and  obtained 
employment  in  the 
office  of  the  clerk  of 
Hamilton  county.  He 

studied  law  with  Arthur  St.  Clair,  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  the  fall  of  1807  and  practised  in 
Lebanon,  Ohio.  He  was  a  representative  in  the 
13th  and  14th  congresses,  1813-17  ;  was  a  firm 
supporter  of  President  Madison  ;  advocated  the 
war  against  England  ;  was  a  member  of  the  com 
mittee  on  foreign  relations  and  of  the  committee 
on  public  lands.  He  was  appointed  by  joint  bal 
lot  of  the  legislature,  judge  of  the  supreme  court 
of  the  state  of  Ohio  in  1816  and  served  until  1822 
when  lie  was  appointed  by  President  Monroe  com 
missioner  of  the  land  office  and  in  1823  post 
master-general,  which  office  he  also  held  througli 
President  J.  Q.  Adams's  administration.  Upon 
the  election  of  President  Jackson,  President 
Adams  appointed  him  a  justice  of  the  U.S.  su 
preme  court  and  he  was  assigned  to  the  seventh 
circuit,  which  at  that  time  embraced  the  districts 
of  Tennessee,  Kentucky  and  Ohio.  He  held  the 
justiceship,  1829-61,  and  until  the  last  two  years 
of  his  life  was  never  absent  from  his  duties  a 
single  day.  He  was  opposed  to  slavery  but  was 
impartial  in  his  decisions  on  the  question.  In  his 
opinions  on  the  Dred  Scott  decision,  he  said  :  "  If 
a  citizen  of  a  free  state  shall  entice  or  enable  a 
slave  to  escape  from  the  service  of  his  master,  the 
law  holds  him  responsible  for  the  loss  of  that 
slave,  and  he  is  guilty  of  a  misdemeanor,  and  I  am 
bound  to  say  that  I  have  never  found  a  jury  in 
my  circuit  that  have  not  sustained  that  law." 
In  1831,  at  the  Anti-Masonic  national  convention 
held  in  Baltimore  in  September,  his  name  was 
suggested  for  the  candidacy  for  President  but  he 
declined  in  favor  of  William  Wirt,  and  in  1836  he 


MCLEAN 


MCLEAN 


was  urged  to  accept  the  nomination  on  the  Whig 
ticket,  but  he  again  refused.  His  name  was  con 
sidered  for  president  by  the  Free  Soil  party  at 
Buffalo,  Aug.  9,  1848;  and  by  the  Whig  national 
convention  at  Baltimore,  June  16,  1853  ;  and  by 
the  Republican  national  convention  at  Chicago, 
May  16,  1860.  He  was  twice  married,  first  in  1807 
to  Rebecca,  daughter  of  Dr.  Edwards  of  Virginia, 
who  died  in  December,  1840,  and  secondly  in  1843 
to  Sarah  Bella  (Ludlow)  Garrard,  widow  of  Col. 
Jephtha  Garrard  and  a  daughter  of  Israel  and 
Charlotte  (Chambers)  Ludlow.  The  honorary  de 
gree  of  LL.D.  was  conferred  on  him  by  Wesleyan 
university,  Conn.,  in  1835,  and  by  Harvard  col 
lege  in  1839.  He  was  made  an  honorary  mem 
ber  of  the  New  England  Historic  Genealogical 
society,  Oct.  15,  1850  He  delivered  many  ad 
dresses,  and  published  Reports  of  the  United 
States  Circuit  Court  (6  vols.,  1829-55).  He  died 
in  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  April  4,  1861. 

McLEAN,  John,  senator,  was  born  in  North 
Carolina  in  1791.  He  received  a  limited  education 
in  the  schools  of  Logan  county,  Ky.,  where  he 
had  removed  with  his  father  in  1795.  He  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  and  practised  in  Shawnee- 
town,  111.,  1815-30.  He  was  the  first  representa 
tive  from  Illinois  elected  to  congress  and  served 
in  the  15th  congress,  1817-19.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  the  state  legislature  in  1820  and  upon 
the  resignation  of  Vivian  Edwards  from  the  U.S. 
senate  in  1824,  he  was  appointed  by  Governor 
Morrow  to  fill  the  vacancy  and  served,  1824-25. 
He  was  elected  in  1829  U.S.  senator  for  a  full 
term  to  expire  March  3,  1835,  by  the  unanimous 
vote  of  the  legislature,  and  took  his  seat  Dec.  7, 
1829.  He  died  in  Shawneetown,  111.,  Oct.  4,  1830. 

MACLEAN,  John,  educator,  was  born  in  Prince 
ton,  N.J.,  March  3,  1800;  son  of  Dr.  John  (b. 
1771)  and  Phoebe  (Bainbridge)  Maclean.  He  was 
matriculated  in  1813  and  was  graduated  from  the 
College  of  New  Jersey,  Princeton,  A.B.,  1816, 
the  youngest  man  in  his  class,  receiving  his  A.M. 
degree  in  1819.  He  taught  at  Lawrenceville 
classical  school,  the  Rev.  Isaac  V.  Brown,  prin 
cipal,  1816-17  ;  attended  the  Princeton  Theological 
seminary,  1818-21  ;  was  a  tutor  in  the  College 
of  New  Jersey,  1818-22  ;  declined  a  professorship 
at  Dickinson,  1822  ;  was  professor  of  mathematics 
and  natural  philosophy  at  the  College  of  New 
Jersey,  1822-23  ;  and  professor  of  mathematics 
there,  1823-29,  when  by  reason  of  injudicious 
exercise  of  discipline  the  college  had  lost  all  but 
seventy-five  of  its  pupils  and  the  income  had  be 
come  crippled.  He  was  then  made  vice-president 
of  the  college,  the  faculty  was  re-constructed  and 
prosperity  followed  the  changes,  which  included 
the  addition  to  the  faculty  of  Joseph  Henry, 
Arnold  Guyot  and  Stephen  Alexander.  He  was 
ordained  by  the  presbytery  of  New  Brunswick, 


Feb.  5,  18^8.  He  was  professor  of  languages  at 
the  College  of  New  Jersey,  1829-30  :  professor  of 
ancient  languages  and  literature,  1830—36  ;  of 
Greek,  1836-47,  and  of  Greek  language  and  liter 
ature,  1847-54.  In  1854  he  succeeded  James 
Carnahan  as  presi 
dent  of  the  college, 
having  practically 
had  charge  of  the 
administration  of  its 
affairs  from  1850.  Up 
on  his  retirement  in 
1860  the  permanent 
funds  of  the  college, 
which  were  $15,000 
when  he  assumed 
control,  were  over 
$250,000.  A  residence 
on  Canal  street, 
Princeton,  N.J.,  was 
purchased  and  pre- 
sented  to  him  by 

the  college  on  his  resignation.  He  was  a 
director  of  the  Princeton  Theological  semi 
nary,  1861-86  ;  a  regent  of  the  Smithsonian 
Institution  ;  president  of  the  American  ( 'oloni- 
zation  society  and  a  member  of  the  Foreign 
Missionary  society.  The  honorary  degree  of  D.D. 
was  conferred  on  him  by  Washington  college, 
Pa.,  in  1841  and  that  of  LL.D.  by  the  University 
of  the  State  of  New  York  in  1854.  He  published 
A  School  System  for  Neiv  Jersey  (1829);  which 
was  originally  a  lecture  delivered  by  him  before 
the  Literary  and  Philosophical  Society  of  New 
Jersey  in  1828  and  the  plan  of  which  was  closely 
followed  by  the  legislature  of  New  Jersey  when 
the  common  school  system  of  the  state  was  estab 
lished.  He  contributed  many  articles  to  the 
Princeton  Revieiv  and  the  Presbyterian.  He  is 
the  author  of  :  Review  of  the  I^-oceeduigs  of  the 
General  Assembly  for  1S37  (\838);  Examination 
of  the  Essays  on  Bacchus  and  anti-Bacchus  (1841); 
Letters  on  the  Elder  Question  (1844);  Letters  on 
the  True  Relation  of  Church  and  State  to  Schools 
and  Colleges  (1853);  Plan  for  the  Endowment  of 
of  the  College  of  New  Jersey  (by  Prof.  M.  B.  Hope 
with  notes  by  Maclean);  Inaugural  Address 
(1854);  Brief  Narrative  of  the  Work  of  Grace  in 
the  College  of  New  Jersey  (1856);  Sermons  (184(5; 
1857:1858;  1859);  Address  before  the  American 
Colonization  Society  (54th  annual  report):  Memoir 
of  John  Maclean,  M.D.  (1876);  History  of  t lie 
College  of  New  Jersey  (2  vols.,  1877);  Address  to 
Senior  Class  of  Princeton  Theological  Seminary,. 
May  14,  18S4  (1885).  He  died  in  Princeton,  N.J., 
Aug.  10.  1886. 

McLEAN,  John  Roll,  journalist,  was  born  in 
Cincinnnti.  Ohio.  Sept.  17.  1848  ;  son  of  Wash 
ington  and  Mary  L.  McLean.  He  attended  a 


[SflOJ 


MCLEAN 


McLENE 


private  schools  in  Cincinnati,  and  Harvard  college, 
and  after  studying  in  Germany  he  returned  to 
Cincinnati  and  purchased  his  father's  interest  in 
the  Inquirer.  He  owned  half  the  paper  in  1872 
and  became  sole  owner  in  1881.  He  was  closely 
connected  with  Democratic  politics,  both  state 
and  national,  being  delegate-at-large  from  Ohio  to 
the  Democratic  national  conventions  of  1884,  1888, 
1892,  1896  and  1903,  and  the  Ohio  member  of  the 
Democratic  national  committee.  In  1885  he  was 
the  party  candidate  for  U.S.  senator.  In  1899  he 
was  the  Democratic  candidate  for  governor  of 
Ohio  and  in  November.  1899,  was  defeated  by 
George  K.  Nash,  the  Republican  nominee. 

McLEAN,  Nathaniel  Collins,  soldier,  was  born 
in  Warren  county,  Ohio,  Feb.  2.  1815  ;  son  of 
Judge  John  and  Rebecca  (Edwards)  McLean. 
He  was  graduated  at  Augusta  college,  Ky.,  A.B., 
1834,  took  a  post  graduate  course  at  Harvard, 
1834-36,  and  was  graduated  from  the  Harvard 
law  school,  LL.B.,  1838.  He  was  married  in  1838 
to  a  daughter  of  Judge  Jacob  Burnet,  and  began 
to  practice  his  profession  in  Cincinnati.  He 
enlisted  in  the  Federal  army  in  1862.  as  colonel 
of  the  75th  Ohio  volunteers  ;  was  ordered  to  west 
ern  Virginia,  and  assigned  to  Milroy's  brigade. 
Schenck's  army,  at  the  battle  of  MacDowell,  May 
8, 1862,  where  he  led  his  regiment  up  the  side  of 
the  mountain  and  drove  the  entrenched  army  of 
Gen.  T.  J.  Jackson  over  the  crest.  He  served  in 
Schenck's  brigade,  Fremont's  army,  in  the  en 
gagements  of  June  1-9,  1862,  and  on  Nov.  29, 1862, 
was  commissioned  brigadier-general  of  volun 
teers.  In  the  battle  of  Chancellorsville,  May  1-5, 
1863,  he  commanded  the  2d  brigade,  1st  division, 
llth  army  corps,  and  when  Gen.  Charles  Devens 
was  wounded,  succeeded  to  the  command  of  the 
division.  He  resigned  his  commission,  April  20, 
1865,  and  resumed  the  practice  of  law  in  Cincin 
nati  and  subsequently  made  his  home  in  Bell- 
port,  N.Y.,  where  he  was  still  living  in  1901. 

McLEAN,  Samuel,  delegate,  was  born  in 
Summit  Hill,  Carbon  county,  Pa.,  Aug.  7,  1826  ; 
son  of  Alexander  and  Elizabeth  (Swan) McLean; 
and  grandson  of  James  and  Martha  (Leslie)  Mc 
Lean,  who  came  from  county  Antrim  early  in 
the  nineteenth  century  and  settled  in  the  Wyo 
ming  Valley,  Pa.  His  maternal  grandparents, 
Samuel  and  Mary  (Smith)  Swan,  came  from  the 
north  of  Ireland  in  1720  and  were  staunch  Scotch- 
Irish  Presbyterians.  He  was  matriculated  at 
Lafayette  college  in  the  class  of  1848  ;  studied 
law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1849,  prac 
tising  in  Mauch  Chunk.  He  went  to  California 
in  1849  by  way  of  Cape  Horn  and  returned  to 
Pennsylvania  in  1854, where  he  was  married,  Jan. 
23,1855,  to  Jane  Wilson  of  Easton.  He  was  dis 
trict  attorney  of  Carbon  county.  1855-00.'  attor 
ney-general  of  the  provisional  government  of 


Colorado  in  186^  and  one  of  the  founders  and 
the  first  delegate  from  Montana  Territory  to 
congress,  serving*in  the  38th  and  39th  congresses, 
1863-67.  He  served  as  colonel  of  a  border  regi 
ment  against  the  Indians  and  was  several  times 
wounded.  He  named  Helena,  Mont.,  for  his 
infant  daughter  Helen.  He  received  the  honor 
ary  degree  of  A.M.  from  Lafayette  in  1857.  He 
purchased  a  plantation  in  Nottoway  county,  Va., 
in  1869,  and  removed  his  family  to  Burkeville, 
Va.,  where  he  died,  July  16,  1877. 

McLEAN,  Sarah  Pratt.  See  Greene,  Sarah 
Pratt  McLean. 

McLEAN,  William,  representative,  was  born 
in  Morris  county,  N.J.,  before  1789;  son  of  Fer 
gus  and  Sophia  (Blackford)  McLean.  His 
father,  a  native  of  Ireland,  immigrated  to  New 
Jersey,  removed  first  to  western  Virginia  in 
1789,  thence  to  Kentucky,  and  in  1799  to  a  farm 
in  Warren  county,  Ohio.  William  attended 
school  and  in  1818  settled  in  Piqua,  Miami  county, 
Ohio,  where  he  held  the  office  of  receiver  of 
public  moneys.  He  was  a  representative  in  the 
18th,  19th  and  20th  congresses,  1823-29,  and  it 
was  through  his  efforts  that  a  subsidy  of  500,000 
acres  of  land  was  procured  for  building  the  Ohio 
canal  from  Cincinnati  to  Cleveland.  He  subse 
quently  engaged  in  the  mercantile  business  in 
Cincinnati,  Ohio,  where  he  died,  Oct.  12,  1839. 

McLELLAN,  Isaac,  poet,  was  born  in  Port 
land,  Maine,  May  21,  1806.  He  prepared  for  col 
lege  at  Phillips  Andover  academy,  was  graduated 
from  Bowdoin,  A.B.,  1826,  A.M.,  1829;  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar,  and  practised  in  Boston  for  a 
number  of  years.  He  was  associate  editor  of  the 
Boston  Daily  Patriot  and  published  the  Monthly 
Pearl.  He  removed  to  New  York  city  in  1851 
and  devoted  himself  to  literary  pursuits.  He 
was  an  enthusiastic  sportsman  and  was  widely 
known  as  the  "  poet  sportman."  He  is  the  author 
of  :  The  Death  of  Napoleon  (1822) ;  The  Fall  of  the 
Indian,  with  other  Poems  (1830);  The  Year,  with 
other  Poems  (1832);  Journal  of  a  Residence  in 
Scotland  and  a  Tour  through  England  and  France 
(1834);  Mount  Auburn  (1843);  Poems  of  the  Rod 
and  Gun  (1886);  New  Poems  (1898);  Haunts  of 
Wild  Game ;  The  Trout  Brook;  New  England's 
Dead;  The  Notes  of  the  liirds,  and  War  Poems. 
He  died  at  Greenport,  L.I.,  N.Y.,  Aug.  20/1899. 

McLENE,  James,  delegate,  was  born  in  New 
London,  Chester  county,  Pa.,  Oct.  14,  1730.  He 
attended  the  academy  at  Thunder  Hill,  Md.;  re 
moved  to  Cumberland  county,  Pa.,  in  1753  ;  was 
a  member  of  the  state  constitutional  convention 
in  1776;  a  member  of  the  state  assembly,  1776-78, 
and  speaker  in  1778;  a  member  of  the  supreme 
executive  council  of  Pennsylvania,  1778,  and 
1783-84  :  delegate  to  the  Continental  congress, 
1778-80  ;  a  member  of  the  council  of  censors, 
[291] 


McLENE 


McLURE 


1783-86  ;  of  the  board  of  property,  1786-87;  and  of 
the  second  state  constitutional  convention  in 
1790  and  justice  of  the  peace  of  Franklin  county, 
1800-06.  He  died  in  Antrim.  Pa.,  March  13, 1806. 

McLENE,  Jeremiah,  representative,  was  born 
in  Cumberland  count}'.  Pa.,  in  1767.  He  served 
in  the  American  army  during  the  Revolutionary 
war  and  in  1790  removed  to  Ohio,  settling  in  Chil- 
licothe.  He  was  a  representative  in  the  state 
legislature,  1807-08,  and  secretary  of  the  state, 
1808-31.  He  removed  to  Columbus,  Ohio,  in  1816, 
when  that  city  became  the  state  capital.  He 
was  a  Democratic  elector  from  Ohio,  in  the  elec 
toral  college  of  1833  and  a  Democratic  represent 
ative  from  Franklin  county  in  the  23d  and  24th 
congresses,  1833-37.  He  died  in  Washington, 
D.C.,  March  19.  1837. 

McLEOD,  Alexander,  clergyman,  was  born 
in  the  Island  of  Mull,  Scotland.  June  12,  1774; 
son  of  the  Rev.  Niel  McLeod.  He  was  prepared 
for  college  in  Scotland,  immigrated  to  the  United 
States  and  was  graduated  from  Union  college, 
N.Y.,  in  1798.  He  was  installed  as  pastor  over 
Reformed  Presbyterian  churches  in  Wallkill, 
N.Y.,  and  in  New  York  city  in  1799.  He  soon 
after  gave  up  the  charge  at  Wallkill  devoting 
his  whole  time  to  the  First  Reformed  Presbyte 
rian  church  in  New  York,  which  he  served  up  to 
the  time  of  his  death.  The  honorary  degree  of 
A.M.  was  conferred  on  him  by  the  Collegeof  New 
Jersey  in  1802  and  that  of  D.D.  by  Middlebury 
college.  Vt.,  in  1809.  He  was  a  fellow  of  the 
Royal  Society  of  London ;  was  an  editor  of  the 
Christian  Magazine  for  a  number  of  years,  and  is 
the  author  of  :  Neijro  Slavery  Unjustifiable (1802); 
The  Messiah  (1803)  ;  Ecclesiastical  Catechism 
(1807);  On  tlte  Ministry  (1808);  Lectures  on  tlte 
Principal  Prophecies  of  the  Revelation  (1814): 
View  of  the  Late  War  (1815);  The  Life  and  Potrcr 
of  True  Godliness  (1816),  and  The  American 
Christian  Expositor  (2  vols..  1832-33).  See 
''Memoir"  by  Rev.  Dr.  Samuel  B.  Wylie  (18o5). 
He  died  in  New  York  city,  Feb.  17,  1833. 

McLURE,  William,  geologist,  was  born  in 
Ayr,  Scotland,  in  1763  ;  son  of  David  and  Ann 
McLure.  He  was  educated  in  Ayr,  under  the 
tuition  of  a  Mr.  Douglass,  and  in  1782  visited 
the  United  States,  on  mercantile  business.  As 
partner  in  the  firm  of  Miller,  Hart  &  Co. ,  London, 
he  acquired  a  large  fortune.  He  came  to  the 
United  States  in  1796.  but  in  1803  returned  to 
Europe,  having  been  appointed  with  John  Fenton 
Mercer  and  Cox  Barnet  commissioners  to  settle 
the  French  spoliation  claims.  On  his  return  to 
America  he  began  a  geological  survey  of  the 
United  States,  and  for  this  purpose  crossed  the 
Alleghany  mountains  fifty  times,  and  made  ob 
servations  in  almost  every  state  and  territory 
from  the  St.  Lawrence  river  to  the  Gulf  of  Mex- 

[•398 


ico.  In  1809  he  presented  his  observations  to  the 
American  Philosophical  society  and  they  were 
printed  that  year  in  the  Transactions.  Pie  ex 
tended  and  completed  his  geological  survey, 
which  he  presented  to  the  Philosophical  society, 
May  16,  1816.  This 
gained  for  him  the 
title  of  "  father  of 
American  geology." 
He  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  Aca- 
d  e  in  y  of  N  at  u  r  a  I 
Sciences  of  Philadel 
phia,  soon  after  its 
organization  in  1812, 
and  served  as  its  pres 
ident,  1817-40.  Under 
his  auspices  the  Jour 
nal  of  the  Academy  was  inaugurated,  and  he 
continued  to  direct  its  policy  and  to  make  fre 
quent  contributions  to  its  columns  during  his  life 
time.  Prior  to  1819,  he  presented  the  library  of 
the  institution  witli  nearly  fifteen  hundred  vol 
umes,  the  larger  part  of  his  library  collected  in 
Europe.  He  visited  the  West  Indies  during  the 
winter  of  1816-17.  and  the  results  of  his  obser 
vations  were  published  in  the  Journal  of  the  Acad 
emy  on  his 'return.  He  went  to  Europe  in  1819, 
and  after  visiting  France  proceeded  to  Spain, 
where  he  established  an  agricultural  school  for 
the  benefit  of  the  poorer  classes  on  10,000  acres  of 
government  land  near  Alicant  which  he  pur 
chased  for  this  purpose,  but  when  the  Constitu 
tional  government  was  overthrown,  his  land 
reverted  to  the  church  from  which  it  had  been 
confiscated.  He  returned  to  the  United  States 
in  1824,  and  purchased  extensive  tracts  of  land  at 
New  Harmony,  Ind.,  for  the  purpose  of  carrying 
out  his  agricultural  system  in  the  United  States. 
The  school  did  not  fulfil  the  expectations  of  its 
founder,  and  he  relinquished  it  in  1827  and  went  to 
Mexico.  On  Nov.  17,  1828,  he  presided  at  a  meeting 
held  in  New  Haven,  Conn.,  by  the  American  Geo 
logical  society  of  which  he  had  been  president 
many  years.  He  spent  the  remainder  of  his 
life  in  Mexico.  In  1834  he  gave  to  the  Acad 
emy  of  Natural  Sciences  a  second  library  of 
nearly  2.100  volumes  and  in  1837-38  the  sum  of 
$20.000,  with  which  the  society  built  a  new  fire 
proof  building.  The  American  Geological  society 
also  benefited  by  his  gifts  of  books  and  specimens. 
He  contributed  to  the  American  Journal  of 
Science  and  to  the  Journal  of  the  Academy  of 
Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia  and  is  the  author 
of -.Observations  on,  the  Geology  of  the  United 
States  of  America  with  some  Remarks  on  the 
Nature  and  Fertility  of  Soils  (1817),  and  Opinions 
on  Various  Subjects  (2  vols.,  1837).  He  died  at 
San  Angel,  Mexico,  March  23,  1840, 


McMAHON 


McMAHON 


McMAHON,  James,  R.C.  priest,  and  philan 
thropist,  was  born  in  county  Tyrone,  Ireland,  in 
1817.  He  was  educated  for  the  priesthood  at  the 
College  and  Seminary  of  Maynooth,  Ireland, 
after  which  he  entered  the  Order  of  St.  Sulpice,  at 


Issy,  Paris,  and  two  years  later  was  assigned  to 
the  missions  of  the  society  in  Montreal.  In  1846  he 
went  to  New  York  city,  where  he  was  appointed 
assistant  to  the  Very  Rev.  William  Storrs,  and 
soon  became  pastor  of  St.  Mary's,  where  he 
served,  1843-50.  He  was  pastor  of  the  parish  of 
St.  John  the  Evangelist,  18r)0-?5.  and  in  1875  was 
transferred  to  the  church  of  St.  Andrew.  He 
had  a  private  fortune,  which  he  invested  in 
upper  New  York  real  estate,  and  in  1890  he  re 
signed  his  parish  and  retired  to  the  Catholic  Uni 
versity  of  America,  Washington,  B.C.,  with  the 
intention  of  devoting  his  wealth  to  that  institu 
tion.  His  gift  of  $400,000  was  accepted  by  the 
trustees  in  April,  1891.  and  McMahon  Hall  was 
erected  for  the  schools  of  philosophy  and  the 
social  sciences,  and  was  opened  in  October, 
1895.  In  1900  he  gave  to  the  university  the 
property  which  he  had  accumulated  in  Washing 
ton,  and  this  was  devoted  to  the  further  advance 
ment  of  the  institution.  The  title  of  monsignor 
was  conferred  upon  him  by  Pope  Leo  XIII.  in 
1891,  in  recognition  of  his  services  to  the  univer 
sity.  He  died  at  the  Catholic  university  in 
Washington,  D.C.,  April  15.  1901. 

McMAHON,  John  A.,  representative,  was 
born  in  Frederick  county.  Md..  Feb.  19.  1833  ; 
son  of  John  Van  Lear  and  Elizabeth  (Gouger) 
McMahon.  His  father  was  a  graduate  of  the  Col 
lege  of  New  Jersey.  1817;  LL.D.  St.  John's  col 
lege,  Maryland,  I860  :  member  of  the  Baltimore 
bar  ;  author  of  "  An  Historical  View  of  Mary 
land  "  (1881)  :  removed  to  Ohio  in  1855,  and  died 
in  Maryland  June  15.  1871.  John  A.  McMahon 
was  graduated  at  St.  Xaviers  college,  Cincin 
nati,  in  1849  ;  studied  law  with  C.  L.  Valandig- 
ham,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1854.  He 
practised  in  Dayton,  Ohio  ;  was  a  delegate  to  the 


Democratic  national  convention  at  Baltimore, 
July  9, 1872,  and  a  representative  from  the  fourth 
Ohio  district  in  the  44th,  45th  and  46th  con 
gresses,  1875-81.  He  was  practising  law  in  Day 
ton.  Ohio,  in  1901. 

McMAHON,  Lawrence  Stephen,  R.C.  bishop, 
was  born  at  St.  John,  N.B.,  Dec.  26,  1835.  He 
came  to  the  United  States  in  1839  ;  attended  the 
Boston  schools,  the  College  of  the  Holy  Cross  in 
Worcester,  Mass.  ;  academies  in  Baltimore  and 
Montreal,  and  studied  theology  at  the  College  of 
Aix,  in  France  and  in  Rome.  He  was  ordained  at 
St.  John's  Lateran,  Rome,  by  Cardinal  Patrizzi, 
vicar-general  of  Rome,  March  24,  1860,  and  was 
stationed  at  the  cathedral  in  Boston,  Mass.  He 
was  chaplain  of  the  28th  Massachusetts  volun 
teers,  1863-65.  He  was  pastor  of  St.  Augustine's, 
Bridgeport,  Conn.,  and  at  New  Bedford,  Mass., 
where  he  built  the  church  of  St.  Lawrence,  and 
a  hospital,  placed  under  the  charge  of  the  Sisters 
of  Mercy  at  New  Bedford.  Upon  the  creation  of 
the  see  of  Providence  in  1872,  he  was  appointed 
vicar-general  to  Bishop  Hendricken,  and  in  the 
bishop's  absence  he  laid  the  corner-stone  of  the 
cathedral  of  SS.  Peter  and  Paul.  He  was  conse 
crated  bishop  of  Hartford  as  successor  to  the 
Rt.  Rev.  Thomas  Galberry,  deceased,  at  Hart 
ford,  Conn.,  by  Archbishop  Williams  and  Bishops 
Laughlin  and  O'Reilly,  Aug.  10,  1879.  The  de 
gree  of  D.D.  was  conferred  on  him  by  Rome  in 
1872.  He  was  greatly  interested  in  the  erection 
of  St.  Joseph's  cathedral  at  Hartford,  and  gave 
more  than  $100,000  towards  its  cost.  He  died  in 
Lakeville,  Conn.,  Aug.  21.  1893. 

McMAHON,  Martin  Thomas,  jurist,  was 
born  in  La  Prairie,  Quebec,  Canada,  March  21, 
1838  ;  son  of  Patrick  and  Mary  (Power)  Mc 
Mahon.  He  was  graduated  from  St.  John's  col 
lege,  Fordham,  N.Y., 
A.B.,  1855,  A.M., 
1857,  and  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  Cali 
fornia  bar  in  1861. 
He  served  the  U.S. 
government  as  spe 
cial  Indian  agent  and 
as  special  agent  of 
the  post-office  depart 
ment  for  the  Pacific 
coast,  1860-61,  and  at 
the  outbreak  of  the 
civil  war  was  elected 
captain  of  the  1st 
company,  California 
cavalry.  He  was 

appointed  captain  in  the  regular  army,  and  was 
aide-de-camp  to  Gen.  George  B.  McClellan  ; 
promoted  major  and  senior  aide,  and  later  lieuten 
ant-colonel,  adjutant-general  and  chief  of  staff  of 


McMASTER 


McMASTER 


the  sixth  army  corps,  Army  of  the  Potomac, 
1862.  He  participated  in  all  the  great  battles  of 
the  Army  of  the  Potomac  up  to  the  surrender  of 
Gen.  Robert  E.  Lee  at  Appomattox,  after  which 
lie  served  as  assistant  adjutant-general,  Depart 
ment  of  the  East  ;  was  brevetted  brigadier- 
general  and  major-general  of  volunteers,  March 
13,  1865,  and  resigned  from  the  army  in  1866. 
He  received  from  congress  a  medal  of  honor  for 
distinguished  bravery  at  the  battle  of  White 
Oak  Swamp,  Va. ,  June  30,  1862.  He  was  cor 
poration  attorney  of  New  York  city,  1866-68  ; 
U.S.  minister  to  Paraguay,  1868-69,  and  prac 
tised  law,  1869-72.  He  was  married  in  April, 
1872,  to  Loviise  Claire,  daughter  of  Peter  A.  and 
Eugenia  V.  (Sarton)  Hargous,  of  New  York  city. 
He  was  receiver  of  taxes  for  New  York  city, 
1872-85  ;  U.S.  marshal  for  the  southern  district  < 
of  New  York,  1885-90  ;  a  member  of  the  state 
assembly  in  1891  ;  a  state  senator,  1892-96,  and  in 
1895  was  elected  judge  of  the  court  of  general 
sessions  of  New  York  county  for  a  term  of  four 
teen  years.  He  was  manager  and  secretary 
of  the  National  home  for  disabled  volunteer 
soldiers.  1880-98,  and  president  of  the  board  of 
managers,  1899.  The  honorary  degree  of  LL.D. 
was  conferred  on  him  by  St.  John's  college  in 
1866. 

McMASTER,  Erasmus  Darwin,  educator, 
was  born  in  Mercer,  Pa.,  Feb.  4,  1806  ;  son  of 
Gilbert  and  Jane  (Brown)  McMaster.  He  was 
graduated  from  Union  college  in  1827  ;  studied 
theology  with  his  father,  and  was  licensed  to 
preach  by  the  Northern  presbytery  of  the  Re 
formed  Presbyterian  church,  June  16,  1829. 
Having  changed  his  church  relations,  he  was  in 
stalled  by  the  Albany  presbytery  as  pastor  of  the 
Presbyterian  church  at  Ballston,  N.Y.,  where  he 
served,  1831-38.  He  was  president  of  Hanover 
college,  Indiana,  1838-45  ;  of  Miami  university, 
Ohio,  1845-49  ;  professor  of  systematic  theology 
in  the  Theological  seminary  at  New  Albany, 
Ind.,  1850-66,  and  professor  of  theology  at  the 
Northwestern  Theological  seminary,  Chicago,  111., 
from  June  2,  until  his  death.  The  honorary 
degree  of  D.U.  was  conferred  on  him  by  Union 
in  1841,  and  that  of  LL.D.  by  Miami  in  1864. 
He  died  in  Chicago.  111.,  Dec.  10,  1866. 

McMASTER,  Gilbert,  clergyman,  was  born  in 
Saintfield  parish,  Ireland,  Feb.  13.  1778.  He  immi 
grated  with  his  parents  to  the  United  States  in 
1791,  and  settled  near  Mercer,  Pa.  He  attended 
Jefferson  academy  and  college,  1801-03,  and 
studied  medicine,  1803-04.  He  was  married  in 
1803  to  Jane  Brown.  He  studied  theology  in 
1805-07,  and  was  licensed  to  preach  in  1807.  He 
was  ordained  pastor  of  the  Reformed  Presby 
terian  church  at  Duanesburg,  N.Y.,  and  held 
office  there  1808-40,  also  serving  at  Galway,  N.Y., 


until  1833.  He  was  pastor  at  Princeton,  N.J., 
1840-46,  when  failing  health  obliged  him  to  re 
sign.  The  honorary  degrees  of  A.M.  and  D.D. 
were  conferred  on  him  by  Union  college  in  1815 
and  1828  respectively.  He  is  the  author  of  :  An 
Essay  in  Defence  of  Some  Fundamental  Doctrines 
of  Christianity  (1815);  T7ie  Shorter  Catechism 
Analyzed  (1815);  An  Apology  for  the  Book  of 
Psalms  (1818),  and  The  Moral  Character  of  Civil 
Government  (1832).  He  died  in  New  Albany, 
Ind.,  at  the  home  of  his  son,  Erasmus  Darwin 
McMaster,  March  15,  1854. 

McMASTER,  James  Alphonsus,  journalist, 
was  born  in  Duanesburg,  N.Y.,  April  1,  1820  ;  son 
of  the  Rev.  Gilbert  and  Jane  (Brown)  McMaster. 
He  was  graduated  from  Union  college  in  1839  ; 
studied  law,  was  a  private  tutor,  entered  the 
ministry  of  the  Reformed  Presbyterian  church, 
and  in  1845  went  to  Belgium,  where  he  entered  a 
Roman  Catholic  novitiate  for  the  purpose  of  re 
flection.  He  decided  to  become  a  Roman  Catholic 
journalist,  and  returned  to  New  York,  where  in 
1848  he  purchased  the  Free  marts  Journal  and 
Catholic  Register.  Early  in  the  civil  war  he  was 
bitter  in  his  denunciation  of  the  President's  war 
measures,  and  his  paper  was  suppressed  and  he 
was  arrested  and  imprisoned  in  Fort  Lafayette 
for  eleven  months.  On  his  release,  April  19,  1862, 
he  resumed  the  publication  of  the  Freeman'' s 
Journal.  He  opposed  the  candidacy  of  Samuel 
J.  Tilden  for  President  in  1876.  He  was  consid 
ered  the  foremost  Roman  Catholic  journalist  in 
the  United  States.  He  died  in  Brooklyn,  N.Y., 
Dec.  29,  1886. 

McMASTER,  John  Bach,  historian,  was  born  in 
Brooklyn,  N.Y.,  June  29,  1825  ;  son  of  James  and 
Julia  (Bach)  McMaster  ;  grandson  of  James  and 
Elizabeth  (Watrous)  McMaster,  and  of  Rob 
ert  and  Margaret 
(Cowen)  Bach,  and 
a  descendant  of  John 
McMaster,  Williams- 
town,  Mass.,  1743. 
He  attended  the  pub 
lic  schools  and  was 
graduated  from  the 
College  of  the  City 
of  New  York,  A.B., 
1872,  A.M.  and  C.E., 
1875.  He  was  a 
teacher  of  grammar 
and  fellow  in  Eng- 
lish  at  the  College  of 
the  City  of  New  York, 
1872-73;  studied  and 

practised  civil  engineering  1873-77  ;  was  in 
structor  in  civil  engineering  at  Princeton, 
1877-83,  and  was  elected  professor  of  American 
history  at  the  University  of  Pennsylvania  in  1H83. 


[294] 


McMICHAEL 


MACMILLAN 


The  degrees  of  Ph.D.  and  Litt.D.  were  conferred 
upon  him  by  the  University  of  Pennsylvania. 
In  1S70  lie  began  to  collect  material  for  a  his 
tory  of  the  American  people.  The  first  vol 
ume  was  published  in  1883  and  the  fifth  vol 
ume  in  1900.  Besides  The  History  of  the  People 
of  the  United  States  from  the  Revolution  to  the 
Civil  War, he  is  the  author  of  :  Benjamin  Franklin 
as  a  Nan  of  Letters  (1887);  With  the  Fathers 
(1896);  Origin,  Meaning  and  Application  of  the 
Monroe  Doctrine  (189(5):  School  History  of  the 
United  States  (1898);  .4  Primary  History  of  the 
United  Stales  (1901);  The  Political  Career  of 
Daniel  Webster  (1901). 

McMICHAEL,  Clayton,  journalist,  was  born  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.,  June  30,  1844;  son  of  Morton 
.and  Mary  (Estell)  McMichael.  He  attended  the 
private  schools  of  Philadelphia  and  at  the  out 
break  of  the  civil  war  he  joined  the  Federal  army 
and  served  throughout  the  war.  He  was  com 
missioned  2d  lieutenant  of  the  9th  U.S.  infantry, 
Aug.  5,  1861  ;  and  was  given  command  of  a  mili 
tary  escort  to  protect  overland  emigration 
through  the  Indian  country.  He  was  trans 
ferred  to  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  and  partici 
pated  in  all  the  battles  from  Gettysburg  to  the 
close  of  the  war.  He  served  as  aide-de-camp 
to  Generals  Birney  and  Hancock ;  was  twice 
wounded,  and  was  brevetted  major  in  the  regular 
army  for  conspicuous  personal  bravery.  He  re- 
signeU  his  commission  in  1865  and  devoted  him 
self  to  journalism.  He  was  married,  April  24, 
1867,  to  Anna  Fotterall  of  Philadelphia.  He  was 
editor  of  The  Philadelphia  North  American, 
1866-93,  ami  successor  to  his  father  as  proprietor, 
1879-98.  He  declined  the  office  of  assistant  sec 
retary  of  the  interior  tendered  him  by  President 
Grant  in  1872  ;  and  served  as  a  commissioner  to 
the  International  exposition  at  Vienna  in  1873. 
He  was  U.S.  marshal,  District  of  Columbia,  1882- 
85,  and  city  treasurer  of  Philadelphia,  1898-1901. 

McMICHAEL,  Morton,  journalist,  was  born  in 
Burlington,  N.J.,  Oct.  2,  1807.  He  attended  the 
public  schools  and  the  University  of  Pennsyl 
vania,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1827,  but 
did  not  practice.  He  became  editor  of  the 
Satur/la//  Evening  Post  in  1826  ;  was  editor-in- 
chief  of  the  Saturday  Courier,  1831-36;  one'of 
the  founders  of  the  Saturday  News  ;  editor  of  the 
Saturday  Gazette,  1844-47  ;  acquired  an  interest 
in  the  North  American  in  1847,  which  was  con 
solidated  with  the  United,  States  Gazette  and 
published  under  the  name  of  the  Philadelphia 
Nortli,  American,  and  he  was  sole  proprietor  of  this 
paper,  1851-79.  He  was  sheriff  of  Philadelphia 
county,  1843-46,  and  during  his  term  of  office  sup 
pressed  the  anti-Catholic  riots  of  1844;  and  was 
mayor  of  Philadelphia.  1866-69.  He  was  presi 
dent  of  the  Fainnount  Park  Commission  from  its 


organization  in  1867  until  his  death,  and  was  ap 
pointed  a  delegate-at-large  to  the  state  constitu 
tional  convention  of  1873,  and  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  American  Philosophical  society 
in  1867.  He  was  married  to  Mary  Estell.  The 
degree  of  LL.D.  was  conferred  on  him  by  the  Uni 
versity  of  Pennsylvania  in  1877  ;  and  a  bronze 
statue  was  erected  in  Fairmount  Park  to  his  mem 
ory.  He  died  in  Philadelphia,  Jan.  6,  1879. 

McMICHAEL,  William,  lawyer,  was  born  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.,  March  4.  1841  ;  son  of  Morton 
and  Mary  (Estell)  McMichael.  He  was  grad 
uated  from  theUniversity  of  Pennsylvania,  A.B. , 
1859,  A.M.,  1862,  and  studied  law.  In  1861  he  en 
listed  in  the  Commonwealth  artillery,  of  Phila 
delphia,  in  which  he  was  successively  commis 
sioned  lieutenant,  captain  and  major.  He  be 
came  a  member  of  the  staff  of  Gen.  Charles  F. 
Smith  and  subsequently  aide-de-camp  to  Gen. 
Le\v  Wallace,  and  participated  in  the  battle  of 
Shiloh,  where  he"  was  captured,  and  confined  for 
four  months  in  the  Confederate  prison  at  Selma, 
Ala.  Upon  his  exchange  he  was  brevetted  col 
onel,  and  served  under  Generals  Grant,  Rose- 
crans  and  Thomas.  At  the  close  of  the  war 
he  was  adjutant-general  on  the  staff  of  Gen. 
Henry  W.  Halleck.  He  returned  to  Philadelphia 
and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1865.  He  was 
solicitor  in  the  internal  revenue  bureau,  depart- 
ment  of  the  treasury,  1869-71-;  was  U.S.  minister 
to  Santo  Domingo  in  1871;  U.S.  assistant-attorney- 
general,  1871-77  ;  U.S.  district-attorney  for  the 
eastern  district  of  Pennsylvania,  1877-85  ;  a  mem 
ber  of  the  board  of  Indian  commissioners,  1881-83, 
and  in  1882  was  the  defeated  Independent  Repub 
lican  candidate  for  representative-at-large  from 
Pennsylvania  to  the  48th  congress.  He  was 
elected  president  of  the  Law  Academy  of  Phila 
delphia  in  1865.  He  was  married  to  Mary 
Eleanor,  daughter  of  James  J.  Sullivan.  He  de 
livered  a  memorial  address  on  Gen.  George  H. 
Thomas,  at  the  Academy  of  Music,  Philadelphia, 
and  an  oration  on  Abraham  Lincoln  at  the  un 
veiling  of  his  statue  in  Fairmount  Park.  He  died 
in  New  York  city,  April  20,  1893. 

MacMILLAN,  Conway,  botanist,  was  born  in 
Hillsdale,  Mich.,  Aug.  26,  1867  ;  son  of  George 
and  Josephine  (Young)  MacMillan,  and  grandson 
of  Robert  and  Mary  (Foster)  MacMillan  and  of 
Nelson  and  Achsah  (Kingsley)  Young.  His  an 
cestors  were  Scotch  and  belonged  to  the  clan 
MacMillan.  He  was  graduated  from  the  Univer 
sity  of  Nebraska,  A.B. ,1885,  A.M.,  1886,  and  took 
post-graduate  courses  at  Johns  Hopkins  and  Har 
vard.  'He  was  instructor  in  botany  at  the  Uni 
versity  of  Minnesota,  1888-91  ;  assistant  professor, 
1891-92  ;  professor,  1892,  and  was  appointed  state 
botanist  in  1893.  He  was  elected  a  member  of 
the  American  Botanical  societv  ;  the  Societe 


[2'.);- 


MACMILLAN 


MCMILLAN 


Botanique  de  France ;  the  Society  for  Plant 
Morphology  ;  the  American  Association  for  the 
Advancement  of  Science  ;  and  several  other 
learned  societies.  He  \vas  married  Aug.  6, 
1891.  to  Maud  Sanborn.  He  is  the  author  of  : 
Metaspenn<e  of  the  Minnesota  Valley  (1892); 
Vegetation  Alongshore  at  Lake  of  the  Woods 
(1897);  arid  Minnesota  Plant  Life  (1899). 

MACMILLAN,  George  Whitefield,  educator, 
was  born  in  York  county.  Pa.,  Aug.  19,  1827.  He 
attended  the  West  Alexander  academy  and  the 
College  of  New  Jersey,  and  was  graduated  from 
Princeton  Theological  seminary  in  1854.  He  was 
ordained  by  the  presbytery  of  Albany,  Nov.  17, 
1857,  and  was  pastor  at  Princetown,  N.Y.,  1857- 
63.  He  was  married  in  1858  to  Nancie  Josinah 
MacMillan.  He  was  stated  supply  at  Lithopolis, 
Ohio,  1863-66  ;  pastor  at  Brunswick,  111.,  1866-G9  ; 
supply  at  Butler,  Mo.,  1870-73  ;  and  pastor  at 
Perrineville,  N.J.,  1873-88.  He  was  elected  pres 
ident  of  Richmond  college,  Ohio,  in  1888.  The 
honorary  degree  of  D.D.  was  conferred  on  him  by 
Richmond  college  in  1888  and  the  degree  of 
Ph.D.  by  the  College  of  New  Jersey  the  same 
year.  He  is  the  author  of  :  Coming  Millennium  ; 
Creation  and  Development  ;  Moral  Science,  and 
contributions  to  periodical  literature. 

MacMILLAN,  James,  senator,  was  born  in 
Hamilton, Ontario,  May  12, 1838.  of  Scotch  parents. 
His  father,  William  MacMillan,  was  prominent 
in  railroad  and  business  circles.  In  1855  he  re 
moved  to  Detroit,  Mich.,  where  he  engaged  in  the 

hardware  business. 
Through  his  father's 
influence  he  became 
purchasing  agent  of 
the  Detroit  and  Mil 
waukee  railroad.  He 
was  married  in  1860 
to  Mary  Wetniore  of 
Detroit.  In  1863  he 
was  one  of  the  organ 
izers  of  the  Michi 
gan  Car  company,  of 
which  corporation, 
and  four  other  like 
enterprises  in  various 
cities,  he  had  the 
general  direction. 

He  built,  and  until  entering  the  senate,  was 
president  of  the  Duluth,  South  Shore  and 
Atlantic  railroad  ;  and  he  became  interested  in 
ship-building  and  lake  transportation,  and  was 
elected  pi-esident  of  the  Detroit  and  Cleveland 
Navigation  company.  In  1 886  he  succeeded  Zach- 
ariah  Chandler  as  chairman  of  the  Michigan 
Republican  state  central  committee,  and  from 
that  date  was  actively  identified  with  politics. 
In  1889  he  was  elected  to  the  U.S.  senate,  and  was 


re-elected  in  1895  and  1901.  He  became  chairman 
of  the  committee  on  the  District  of  Columbia, 
and  a  member  of  several  important  committees. 
He  was  elected  president  of  Grace  hospital, 
Detroit,  of  which  lie  wus  a  founder  and  to  which 
he  largely  contributed,  and  a  trustee  of  the  De 
troit  Museum  of  Art.  He  presented  a  Shakspere 
library  and  a  building  for  the  use  of  Presby 
terian  students,  to  the  University  of  Michigan  ;  a 
chemical  laboratory  to  Albion  college,  an  ento 
mological  collection  to  the  State  Agricultural 
college  and  a  dormitory  to  Mary  Allen  seminary. 
Crockett,  Texas.  He  died  at  Manchester-by-the- 
sea,  Mass.,  Aug.  10,  1902,  leaving  a  widow,  three 
sons  and  one  daughter. 

McMILLAN,James  Winning,  soldier,  was  born 
in  Clark  county,  Ky.,  April  28,  1825  ;  son  of  Rob 
ert  and  Nancy  (Winning)  McMillan  and  grandson 
of  Col.  Robert  McMillan,  an  officer  on  the  staff  of 
General  Washington  during  the  Revolution.  He 
removed  to  Illinois  :  served  as  a  soldier  in  the  war 
with  Mexico,  1846-47.  He  was  married  in  1860 
to  Minerva  Foote  of  Bedford,  Ind.  Upon  the 
outbreak  of  the  civil  war  he  was  commissioned 
colonel  of  the  21st  Indiana  volunteers  by  Pres 
ident  Lincoln,  and  he  engaged  with  the  army 
under  Gen.  B.  F.  Butler,  which  co-operated  with 
the  naval  force  under  Farragut  in  the  opening  of 
the  Mississippi,  and  he  captured  the  Confederate 
blockade-runner  Fox,  one  of  the  richest  prizes  of 
the  war.  He  was  brevetted  major-general  in 
March,  1864,  and  in  April,  1864,  commanded  the 
2d  brigade,  19th  army  corps,  in  the  Red  River 
campaign.  When  General  Franklin  was  wounded 
and  General  Emory  assumed  command  of  the 
corps,  General  McMillan  assumed  command  of  the 
1st  division,  which  at  Sabine's  Cross  Roads  held 
the  ground,  covered  the  retreat  of  Banks's  army, 
and  saved  it  from  destruction.  General  McMil 
lan  was  appointed  a  member  of  the  board  of 
review  of  the  U.S.  pension  office. 

McMILLAN,  John,  educator,  was  born  in  Fagg's 
Manor,  Pa.,  Nov.  11,  1752.  He  was  prepared  for 
college  by  Dr.  Samuel  Blair  at  Fagg's  Manor 
academy,  and  was  graduated  from  the  College  of 
New  Jersey,  then  Nassau  Hall,  in  1772,  and  was 
licensed  to  preach  in  1774.  He  was  a  missionary 
in  Maryland,  western  Virginia  and  western  Penn 
sylvania,  and  in  1775  organized  churches  at 
Pigeon  Creek  and  at  Chartiers,  Pa.,  and  w;is 
ordained  by  the  Presbytery  of  Donegal  in  1776. 
He  soon  after  married,  built  a  single-room  log 
cabin  and  in  it  established  a  Latin  school  and 
theological  seminary,  which  was  transferred  to 
Canonsburg  academy  in  1791,  and  from  which 
were  sent  out  nearly  one  hundred  young  men, 
many  of  whom  became  distinguished  preachers. 
The  school  developed  into  Jefferson  college,  Jan. 
15,  1802,  and  he  was  appointed  by  the  legislature 


[2WJ] 


MCMILLAN 


MACMONNIES 


of  Pennsylvania  its  first  trustee,  and  he  resigned 
in  April  of  the  same  year  to  accept  the  position 
of  professor  of  divinity.  He  served  as  vice-prin 
cipal  of  the  college,  1805-33.  The  degree  of  A.M. 
was  conferred  on  him  by  Jefferson  college  in 
1805.  He  died  atCanonsburg,  Pa.,  Nov.  16,  1833. 
l  McMILLAN,  Samuel  James  Renwick,  sen 
ator,  was  born  in  Brownsville,  Pa.,  Feb.  22, 
1826.  He  was  graduated  from  Duquesne  college, 
Pittsburg,  Pa.,  in  1846,  studied  law  in  the  office 
of  Edwin  M.  Stanton,  Pittsburg,  1848-49,  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1849,  and  practised  in 
Pittsburg,  1849-52,  and  in  Stillwater,  Minn.  Ter., 
1852-56.  He  removed  to  St.  Paul,  Minn.  Ter.,  in 
1856,  and  was  chosen  the  first  judge  of  the  first 
judicial  circuit  upon  the  formation  of  the  judicial 
department  of  the  state  government,  May  24, 
1858,  and  served  to  July  1 , 1864.  He  was  associate 
justice  of  the  supreme  court  of  the  state,  1864—74, 
and  chief  justice  from  April  7,  1874,  to  March  10, 
1875.  He  was  a  Republican  U.S.  senator  from 
Minnesota,  1875-87,  where  he  served  as  chairman 
of  the  committee  on  claims  and  succeeded  Sena 
tor  Conkling  as  chairman  of  the  committee  on 
commerce.  In  1890  he  was  appointed  by  the 
general  assembly  of  the  Presbyterian  church, 
on  the  committee  of  revision  of  Confession  of 
Faith.  He  received  the  degree  LL.D.  from  the 
Western  University  of  Pennsylvania  in  1891.  He 
is  the  author  of  Presbyterian  and  Republican  Gov 
ernment.  He  died  in  St.  Paul,  Minn.,  Oct.  3,  1897. 

McMILLAN,  William,  educator,  was  born  in 
Lewistovvn,  Pa.,  in  1777.  He  was  graduated  at 
Jefferson  college,  A.B.,  1802,  A.M.,  1805.  Ho 
studied  theology  under  the  Rev.  John  McMillan 
(q.v.)  ;  was  licensed  by  the  presbytery  of  Ohio 
and  was  ordained  by  the  same  presbytery  in  1804. 
He  was  pastor  at  Two  Ridges,  Ohio,  1804-16, 
president  of  Jefferson  college,  Pa.,  1816-22,  stated 
supply  at  Miller's  River,  1816-23,  and  president  of 
Franklin  college,  New  Athens,  Ohio,  1823-32.  He 
died  at  New  Athens,  Ohio,  April  11,  1832. 

McMILLEN,  William  Linn,  soldier,  was  born 
in  Hillsboro,  Highland  county,  Ohio,  Oct.  18, 
1829  ;  son  of  George  and  Nancy  McMillen,  grand 
son  of  William  McMillen  and  a  descendant  of 
the  McMillen  clan  of  Scotland.  He  was  gradu 
ated  from  the  Starling  Medical  college,  Columbus, 
Ohio,  and  practised  medicine  at  Columbus,  1852- 
62.  He  was  married,  April  18,  1861 ,  to  Mrs.  Eliza 
beth  I.  King,  daughter  of  William  Neil  of  Colum 
bus,  Ohio.  He  was  surgeon  in  the  Russian  army 
during  the  Crimean  war,  1855-56  ;  was  surgeon 
of  the  1st  Ohio  infantry  at  the  outbreak  of  the 
civil  war,  and  was  commissioned  colonel  of  the 
95th  Ohio  infantry  regiment  in  1862,  which  he 
commanded  during  the  Kentucky  campaign  of 
that  year  and  the  Vicksburg  campaign  of  1863. 
He  commanded  a  division  of  infantry  at  the  en 


gagement  with  Forrest's  cavalry  at  Brice's Cross- 
Roads,  Miss.,  June  10,  1864,  and  the  1st  brigade, 
1st  division,  detachments  of  the  Army  of  Tennes 
see  at  Nashville,  Dec.  15-16,  1864,  where  he  led 
his  brigade  in  the  decisive  charge  that  routed  the 
Confederate  army  under  Hood.  He  subsequently 
commanded  a  district  in  eastern  Mississippi  with 
headquarters  at  Meridian.  He  was  bre vetted 
brigadier-general  for  his  action,  Dec.  16,  1864. 
and  major-general  of  volunteers,  March  13,  1865. 
He  settled  in  Louisiana  in  1866,  and  engaged 
in  cotton-planting.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the 
state  constitutional  convention  of  1868;  state 
senator,  1870-72  ;  and  was  chosen  by  the  legisla 
ture  as  U.S.  senator  from  Louisiana  in  1872  and 
again  in  1873,  but  was  not  allowed  to  take  his 
seat.  He  was  postmaster  at  New  Orleans  under 
President  Hayes  and  surveyor  of  the  port  under 
Harrison.  He  died  at  Columbus,  Ohio,  Feb.  10, 1902. 

McMILLIN,  Benton,  governor  of  Tennessee, 
was  born  in  Monroe  county,  Ky.,  Sept.  11,  1845. 
He  was  educated  at  Plymouth  academy,  Tenn., 
and  at  Kentucky  university,  Lexington,  but  was 
not  graduated.  He  studied  law  under  Judge  E.  L. 
Gardenhire,  and  settled  in  practice  at  Celina, 
Tenn.,  in  1871.  He  was  a  representative  in  the 
state  legislature  in  1874,  and  was  commissioned  by 
the  governor  of  Tennessee  to  treat  with  the  state 
of  Kentucky  for  territory  in  1875.  He  was  a  presi 
dential  elector  on  the  Tilden  and  Hendricks  ticket 
in  1876,  and  was  appointed  special  judge  of  the 
circuit  court  of  Tennessee,  by  Gov.  James  D. 
Porter,  Jr. ,  in  1877.  He  was  a  Democratic  repre 
sentative  from  the  fourth  Tennessee  district  in 
the  46th-55th  congresses,  1879-99,  and  was  elected 
governor  of  Tennessee  in  1898  and  was  re-elected 
in  1900  for  the  term,  1901-03. 

McMINN,  Joseph,  governor  of  Tennessee,  was 
born  in  Pennsylvania,  served  in  the  war  of  the 
American  Revolution  and  engaged  in  farming. 
He  removed  to  Hawkins  county,  Tenn.,  and 
served  in  the  state  legislature,  and  was  speaker 
of  the  state  senate  in  1807.  He  was  governor  of 
the  state,  1815-21,  and  during  his  administration 
established  a  loan  office  in  connection  with 
public  lands ;  advocated  the  improvement  of 
roads  and  waterways  in  the  state  ;  suggested  the 
building  of  a  canal  to  unite  the  Holston  and 
Tennessee  rivers  with  the  Mobile  river,  and  urged 
vipon  congress  the  canal  around  Muscle  shoals. 
Tennessee  river.  He  was  appointed  Indian  agent 
in  1821  by  President  Monroe,  and  died  at  the 
Cherokee  agenc}',  Nov.  17,  1824. 

MacMONNIES,  Frederick,  sculptor,  was  born 
in  Brooklyn,  N.Y.,  Sept.  28,  1865  ;  son  of  William 
and  Juliana  Eudora  (West)  MacMonnies.  His 
father,  a  native  of  Whithorn,  Scotland,  and  a 
member  of  the  clan  Menzies,  came  to  the  United 
States  in  his  boyhood  and  made  a  fortune  in  the 


[207J 


MACMONNIES 


McMULLEN 


grain  business  which  he  lost  during  the  civil  war. 
Frederick  attended  the  public  schools,  and  later 
engaged  as  a  clerk  in  a  jewelry  store.  In  1880 
he  entered  the  studio  of  Augustus  St.  Gaudens  as 
an  apprentice  in  sculpture  and  he  also  attended 

the  night  life  classes 
of  the  National  Aca 
demy  of  Design  and 
the  Art  Students' 
League.  He  studied 
sculpture  and  paint 
ing  in  Paris  and  Mu 
nich,  1884-85,  and 
in  St.  Gaudens's 
studio,  New  York 
city,  1885-86  ;  and 
sculpture  under  Fal- 
guiere  in  the  Ecole 
des  Beaux  Arts,  and 
in  the  studio  of 
Mercie  in  Paris, 
1886.  In  1884  lie  re 
ceived  the  first  prize  of  the  National  Academy  of 
Design,  New  York,  and  in  1886  and  again  in 
1887  he  received  the  prijt  d'atelier,  the  highest 
prize  open  to  foreigners.  He  was  married  in 
Paris,  Sept.  20,  1888,  to  Mary,  daughter  of  Sidney 
and  Mary  A.  (Lines)  Fairchild  of  New  Haven, 
Conn.  He  opened  a  studio  in  Paris  in  1887,  and 
for  "  Diana,"  his  first  exhibit  at  the  salon,  1889,  he 
was  given  honorable  mention.  In  the  same  year 
he  received  a  commission  for  three  life-size 
angels  in  bronze  for  St.  Paul's  church,  New  York 
city.  In  the  Salon  of  1891  lie  exhibited  statues 
of  Nathan  Hale  and  James  S.  T.  Stranahan,  and 
for  the  latter  was  awarded  a  second  gold  medal, 
being  the  first  American  to  attain  that  honor. 
He  was  decorated  with  the  order  of  St.  Michael  of 
Bavaria,  1891  ;  received  a  first-class  gold  medal 
in  Antwerp,  1894  ;  was  made  chevalier  of  the 
Legion  of  Honor  of  France,  1896  ;  was  awarded 
the  grand  prize  at  the  Paris  exposition,  1900  ; 
and  received  prizes  and  medals  at  the  Boston  and 
Philadelphia  art  clubs,  and  the  Atlanta  exposi 
tion.  He  became  a  member  of  the  Society  of 
American  Artists,  New  York,  the  Architectural 
League  and  the  National  Sculpture  society. 
Among  his  more  important  works  may  be  men 
tioned  :  Pan  of  Rohallion  (1890);  Faun  with  Her 
on  (1893);  Sir  Harry  Vane,  for  Boston  public 
library  (189:]);  the  colossal  fountain  at  the  Co 
lumbian  exposition,  Chicago,  containing  twenty- 
seven  gigantic  figures  (1893);  Bacchante  with 
Infant  Faun  (1894),  rejected  by  the  Boston 
public  library  and  placed  in  the  Metropolitan 
Museum  of  Art,  New  York  ;  two  statuettes  of 
Cupid  (1895):  figure  of  Victory  for  the  battle 
monument  of  West  Point,  N.Y.  (1895);  models 
for  the  central  bronze  doors  (1897),  and  a  figure 


of  Shakespeare  (1898),  for  the  Congressional  li 
brary,  Washington  ;  colossal  groups  representing 
the  Army  and  Navy  for  the  Soldiers'  and  Sailors' 
Arch,  Prospect  Park,  Brooklyn,  N.Y.,  and  qua 
driga  for  the  same  arch  (1900);  two  colossal 
groups  of  horses  for  Prospect  Park  (1900);  statue 
of  Gen.  John  B.  Woodward,  Brooklyn  Institute 
of  Arts  and  Sciences  (1901);  and  equestrian 
statue  of  Gen.  Henry  W.  Slocum,  Brooklyn 
(1901). 

McMULLEN,  Fayette,  representative,  was 
born  in  Virginia  in  1810.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  from  liye  Cove,  Va.,  in  the  31st.  32d,  33d, 
34th  congresses,  1849-55.  In  May,  1857,  he  was 
appointed  by  President  Buchanan  governor  of 
Washington  Territory,  and  held  the  office  from 
September,  1857,  to  July,  1858,  when  he  was  re 
moved.  In  July,  1858,  he  married  as  his  second 
wife  Mary,  daughter  of  Isaac  Wood,  of  Thurston 
county,  Wash.  Ty.  He  soon  after  returned  to 
Virginia  and  during  the  civil  war  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  the  Confederate  congress.  After 
the  war  he  was  little  known  in  public  affairs. 
He  was  killed  by  a  railroad  train  at  Wytheville, 
Va.,  Nov.  8.  1880. 

McMULLEN,  John,  R.C.  bishop,  was  born  in 
Ballynahinch,  county  Down,  Ireland,  Jan.  8, 
1832.  His  parents  removed  to  Canada  in  his  in 
fancy,  afterward  settling  in  Ogdensburg,  N.Y., 
and  then  in 
Chicago,  111.  He 
was  graduated 
from  St.  Mary's 
college,  Chica 
go,  111.,  in  1854; 
studied  theol 
ogy  at  Urban 
college,  Rome, 
and  was  ordain 
ed  sub-deacon, 
deacon,  and 
priest,  in  1838. 
He  also  received 
the  degree  D.D. 
from  Urban  col 
lege  in  1858. 
He  returned  to 
Chicago,  was  CATHEDRAL  OF  THE  HOLY  NAME. 
pastor  of  St.  Louis  church  there,  1858-61  ; 
president  of  the  University  of  St.  Mary's  of  the 
Lake,  1861-65,  and  in  1863  commenced  the  erection 
of  a  new  building,  which  was  completed  by  the 
end  of  the  year  and  destroyed  in  the  great  fire  of 
November,  1872.  He  labored  in  Wilmington, 
111..  1869-70,  and  was  pastor  of  the  Cathedral  of 
the  Holy  Name.  1870-72,  arid  afterward  of  the  new 
cathedral  dedicated  in  the  fall  of  1876.  He  was 
appointed  vicar-general  of  the  diocese  of  Chicago, 
in  August,  1877,  was  administrator  of  the  diocese 
[298] 


McMULLIN 


McMURRICH 


of  Chicago,  1879-80,  and  was  named  as  first 
bishop  of  the  diocese  of  Davenport,  Iowa,  erected 
in  1881.  He  was  consecrated  at  Chicago,  111., 
.July  15,  1881,  by  Archbishop  Feehan,  assisted 
by  Bishop  Hennessy  of  Dubuqueand  Bishop  Spald- 
ing  of  Peoria.  He  organized  St.  Ambrose  college 
in  Davenport  in  1883,  and  established  several 
parochial  schools  in  the  diocese.  He  is  the  author 
•of  articles  on  church  history  in  Catholic  periodi 
cals.  He  died  at  Davenport,  losva,  July  4,  1883. 

McMULLIN,  Samuel  Mildeburn,  clergyman 
and  educator,  was  born  in  Philadelphia,  Pa., 
March  19,  1881  ;  son  of  Robert  and  Mary  Hamil 
ton  (Tabele)  McMullin.  He  was  graduated  from 
the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  A.B.,  1849,  A.M., 
1852,  and  from  Princeton  Theological  seminary 
in  1854.  He  was  ordained  by  the  North  River 
presbytery,  Oct.  16,  1856  ;  was  pastor  of  Calvary 
church,  Ne wburg,  N.Y.,  1856-60  ;  at  Bel- Air,  Md., 
1860-61,  and  at  Smithtown  Branch,  L.I.,  N.Y., 
1861-64 ;  was  stated  supply  at  the  Belmont 
Avenue  church,  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  1865-67  ;  was 
professor  of  Greek  language  and  literature  at 
Miami  university,  1867-70  ;  professor  of  church 
history  at  the  Danville  Theological  seminary, 
Ky.,  1870-72;  pastor  of  First  Presbyterian  church, 
Crickville,  Ohio,  1873-82,  and  at  Glendale,  Ohio, 
1882-89.  The  honorary  degree  of  D.D.  was  con 
ferred  on  him  by  Miami  university  in  1884.  He 
was  married  to  Isabella  Brown,  daughter  of  Prof. 
Thomas  J.  Matthews  of  Miami  university.  He 
is  the  author  of  several  published  sermons  and  an 
inaugural  address  on  church  history.  He  died 
in  Glendale,  Ohio.  Feb.  17,  1892. 

McMURDIE,  Henry,  educator,  was  born  in 
London,  England,  May  21,  1822.  His  parents 
were  members  of  the  established  church  and  he 
tvas  baptized  and  confirmed  a  Protestant.  He 
was  employed  in  a  mercantile  house  in  Liverpool, 
England,  where  he  remained  until  about  1845, 
when,  during  the  Tractarian  movement,  he 
joined  the  Roman  Catholic  church  and  deter 
mined  to  enter  the  priesthood.  He  immigrated  to 
the  United  States,  was  prepared  at  Mount  St. 
Mary's  seminary,  Emmitsburg,  Md.,  and  was 
ordained  priest  in  1854.  He  was  professor  of  dog 
matic  theology  and  moral  philosophy  in  Mount 
St.  Mary's  seminary,  1854-57,  and  in  1857,  when 
President  William  Henry  Elder  became  Bishop 
of  Natchez,  succeeded  him  as  director  of  the 
seminary.  He  was  considered  an  able  theolo 
gian  and  metaphysician.  He  died  in  Emmits 
burg,  Md.,  Jan.  20,  1880. 

McMURDY,  Robert,  educator,  was  born  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Nov.  2,  1819;  son  of  Jonathan 
and  Elizabeth  D.  (Shute)  McMurdy.  He  was 
graduated  from  Jefferson  college,  Pa.,  A. B.,  1837, 
A.M.,  1840.  He  was  a  teacher  at  Rio  de  Janeiro, 
Brazil,  1837-39,  principal  of  academies  and  of  the 


[299] 


Presbyterian  church  college  in  Kentucky,  1839- 
48,  was  ordered  a  deacon  in  the  Protestant  Epis 
copal  church  in  1847,  and  ordained  priest  in  1848. 
He  was  rector  of  Christ  church,  Alexandria,  Va., 
and  of  churches  in  Kentucky,  Maryland  and 
Michigan,  1847-65;  was  president  of  Shelby  col 
lege,  Ky.,  1859-61  ;  and  editor  of  the  Churchman, 
New  York  city,  1865-92.  He  was  married  to 
Marcella  D.  Russell.  He  received  the  honorary 
degrees,  D.C.L.  from  the  University  of  Soares, 
Brazil,  1839,  S.T.D.  from  Hobart,  1860,  LL.D. 
from  Jefferson,  1860,  and  LL.D.  from  North 
western  university.  He  died  at  Hot  Springs, 
Ark.,  in  March,  1892. 

McMURRY,  Charles  Alexander,  educator, 
was  born  at  Crawfordsville,  Ind.,  Feb.  18,  1857; 
son  of  Franklyn  M.  and  Charlotte  (Underwood) 
McMurry,  and  grandson  of  James  McMurry  and 
of  John  Underwood.  Both  grandparents  came 
from  Kentucky  into  central  Indiana  between 
1830  and  1840,  and  his  parents  removed  to  IHoom- 
ington,  111.,  in  1865.  He  was  graduated  from 
the  Illinois  State  Normal  university  in  1876 ;  stud 
ied  two  years  at  Michigan  university  between 
1876  and  1880  ;  taught  school  three  years  in  Illi 
nois,  four  years  in  Pueblo  and  Denver,  Col.,  and 
three  years  at  Winona,  Minn.,  Normal  school. 
He  studied  four  years  at  the  Universities  of  Halle 
and  Jena  in  Germany,  between  1882  and  1888,  and 
received  the  degree  of  Ph.D.  from  Halle  in  1887. 
He  was  teacher  in  the  practice  department  of  the 
Illinois  State  Normal  university,  1892-99  ;  super 
intendent  of  the  Practice  School  of  the  Northern 
Illinois  Normal  school  at  De  Kalb,  1899-1901  ; 
teacher  in  the  summer  school  of  the  University  of 
Minnesota,  three  years  ;  teacher  in  the  summer 
quarter  and  in  the  Teacher's  college  at  Chicago 
university  four  years,  and  in  the  summer  session 
of  Columbia  university,  N.Y.,  one  year.  He  is 
the  author  of  :  General  Method  (1892);  Method  of 
the  Recitation  (1896);  Special  Method  in  Reading, 
in  Literature  and  History,  in  Geography,  in 
Science  (1893-95);  Pioneer  History  Stories  (1893); 
Course  of  Study  in  the  Eight  Grades  (1895); 
Method  of  the  Recitation  (with  Frank  M.  Mc 
Murry,  1897).  He  was  editor  of  the  Year  Books 
of  the  National  Herbart  society,  1895-1900. 

McMURRICH,  James  Playfair,  educator,  was 
born  in  Toronto,  Canada,  Oct.  16,  1859  ;  son  of 
the  Hon.  John  and  Janet  (Dickson)  McMurrich, 
and  of  Scotch  ancestry.  He  attended  Upper  Can 
ada  college  at  Toronto,  exhibitioner,  1873,  and 
was  graduated  from  the  University  of  Toronto, 
A.B.,  1879,  A.M.,  1881.  He  was  married  in  1882, 
to  Katie  Moodie,  daughter  of  John  J.  and  Cath 
arine  (Moodie)  Vickers  of  Toronto,  Can.  He  was 
instructor  in  mammalian  anatomy  at  Johns  Hop 
kins  university,  1884-86  ;  professor  of  biology  at 
Haverford  college,  Pa.,  1886-89;  assistant  pro- 


McMURTRIE 


McNAIR 


fessor  of  animal  morphology  at  Clark  university, 
Mass.,  1889-92  ;  professor  of  biology  at  the  Uni 
versity  of  Cincinnati,  1892-94,  and  was  made 
professor  of  anatomy  in  the  University  of  Mich- 
i°-an  in  1894.  He  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
American  Society  of  Naturalists  in  1880  ;  and  was 
an  original  member  of  the  American  Morpholog 
ical  society  and  its  secretary,  1890-93.  The  de 
gree  of  Ph.D.  was  conferred  on  him  by  the  Johns 
Hopkins  university  in  1885.  He  is  the  author 
of  a  text-book  on  Invertebrate  Morphology  (1894), 
and  of  contributions  to  Gray's  Anatomy  and  other 
text  books  and  of  numerous  pamphlets  on  anatom 
ical  and  zoological  subjects. 

McMURTRIE,  William,  chemist,  was  born  in 
Belvidere,  N.J.,  March  10.  1851  ;  son  of  Abram 
and  Almira  (Smith)  McMurtrie  ;  grandson  of 
James  and  Elizabeth  (Smith)  McMurtrie,  and  a 
descendant  of  Joseph  McMurtrie,  who  was  born 

in  Dalmellington, 
Scotland,  about  1685, 
and  died  in  Oxford 
township,  Sussex 
county,  N.J. ,  in  1762. 
He  was  graduated 
from  Lafayette  with 
the  degree  of  M.E.. 
1871,  and  Ph.D.  by 
examination  and 

thesis  in  1875.  He 
was  assistant  chemist 
to  the  U.S.  agricul 
tural  department  at 
Washington,  D.C., 
1872-73,  and  chief 
chemist,  1873-78.  He 

was  married  in  1876  to  Helen  M.  Douglass.  He 
was  agent  and  representative  for  the  U.S.  agri 
cultural  department  at  the  Paris  exposition  in 
1878,  and  superintendent  of  the  section  assigned 
to  the  United  States  agricultural  products  at  that 
fair.  He  was  special  agent  of  the  agricultural 
department  in  agricultural  technology,  1879-82; 
and  represented  the  U.S.  commissioner  of  agri 
culture  at  the  International  exhibition  of  sheep, 
\vool  and  wool  products  in  Philadelphia,  Septem 
ber,  1880,  and  prepared  the  report  made  to  con 
gress.  He  was  professor  of  chemistry,  University 
of  Illinois,  1882-88.  in  1888  became  chemist  for 
the  New  York  Tartar  company,  and  in  1899  became 
consulting  chemist  for  the  Royal  Baking  Powder 
company.  He,  was  chemist  to  the  Illinois  state 
board  of  agriculture.  1884-88.  and  to  the  Illinois 
agricultural  experiment  station,  188(5-88;  chair 
man  of  the  committee  on  wools  in  the  bureau  of 
awards  at  the  World's  Columbian  exposition  in 
1893  :  vice-president,  of  the  chemistry  section  of 
the  American  Association  for  the  Advancement 
of  Science  in  1895  ;  chairman  of  the  New  York 


section  of  the  American  Chemical  society  during 
1896,  1897  and  1898,  and  president  of  the  Ameri 
can  Chemical  society  during  1900.  He  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  Philosophical  society  of 
Washington,  the  Academy  of  Sciences  of  Wash 
ington,  D.C.,  and  a  fellowr  of  the  American  As 
sociation  for  the  Advancement  of  Science.  He 
received  the  decoration  of  Chevalier  du  Merite 
Agricole  from  the  French  government  in  1883. 
He  is  the  author  of  the  several  annual  reports  of 
the  division  of  chemistry,  department  of  agricul 
ture,  including  :  Report  on  the  Culture  of  the 
Beet  mid  Manufacture  of  Sur/ar  therefrom,  in 
France  and  the  United  States  (1879);  Report  on 
the  Culture  of  Sumac  in  Sicily  (1879);  Report  on 
the  Statistics  of  Grape  Culture  in  the  United 
States  (1880);  Report  upon  the  Investigation  of 
Wool  and  other  Animal  Fibres  (1887);  Report  of 
the  Physical  Properties  of  the  Woolx  of  Hie 
World's  Columbian  Exposition  of  180J  (1894); 
Some  Records  of  Recent  Progress  in  Industrial 
Chemistry  (1897.  1898  and  1899);  The  Relation  of 
the  Industries  to  the  Advancement  of  Chemical 
Science  (1900). 

McNAIR,  Alexander,  governor  of  Missouri,  was 
born  in  Derry.  Lancaster  county,  now  Dauphin 
county.  Pa.,  in  1774.  He  was  prepared  for  col 
lege  in  his  native  town,  but  was  prevented  by  the 
death  of  his  father  from  attending  college.  He 
served  as  lieutenant  in  command  of  a  company 
from  Lancaster  county  in  suppressing  the  whiskey 
insurrection  of  1794  ;  was  lieutenant  of  infantry, 
1799-1800;  removed  to  St.  Louis.  La,  Ty.,  1804, 
where  he  was  commissary  in  the  U.S.  army  for 
several  years,  and  in  1812  was  made  adjutant- 
general  and  also  served  as  inspector-general.  In 
1813  he  was  made  colonel  of  a  regiment  of  Mis 
souri  militia.  He  was  a  delegate  from  St.  Louis 
county  to  the  constitutional  convention,  July, 
1820,  and  the  same  year  was  elected  governor  of 
the  new  state,  serving,  1820-24.  He  took  up  his 
residence  in  St.  Charles,  the  first  seat  of  govern 
ment,  in  November,  1820.  He  was  U.S.  agent  in 
the  Indian  department.  1824-26.  He  died  in  St. 
Louis,  Mo..  March  18.1826. 

McNAIR,  Frederick  Vallette,  naval  officer, 
was  born  in  Jenkintown  (afterward  Ogontz), 
Pa..  Jan.  13.  1839;  son  of  the  Hon.  John  (q.  v.) 
and  Mary  (Yerkes)  McNair.  He  was  graduated 
from  the  U.S.  Naval  academy  in  1S57  :  served  on 
the  China  and  East  India  station.  1857-59  ;  was 
promoted  passed  midshipman,  June  25.  1860  ; 
master,  Oct.  24,  1860,  and  was  made  a  lieutenant 
for  bravery,  April  18.  1861.  He  served  on  the 
Mediterranean  squadron  in  the  West  Indies  and 
in  the  pursuit  of  the  steamer  Stnnter  on  the  Mis 
sissippi  river  under  Admiral  Farragut :  partici 
pated  in  the  engagements  and  passage  of  Forts 
Jackson  and  St.  Philip,  the  Clialmette  batteries 
[300] 


McNAIR 


McNAMARA 


and  the  capture  of  New  Orleans  in  April,  1862  ; 
landed  at  Baton  Rouge  and  Natchez,  La.,  and 
demanded  their  surrender  in  May,  1862  ;  took 
part  in  the  engagements  at  Grand  Gulf,  Vieks- 
burg,  and  the  destruction  of  the  ram  Arkansas, 
and  passed  the  Vicks- 
burg  batteries  both 
ways  in  June,  July 
and  August,  1862. 
He  served  on  the 
Juniata  from  Oc 
tober,  1862.  till  Feb 
ruary,  1863 ;  on  the 
Seminole,  February 
to  August,  1863,  and 
on  the  Peusacolo, 
August,  1863,  to 
April,  1864,  and  saw 
service  on  the  latter 
vessel  on  the  Missis 
sippi  river.  He  was 
promoted  lieutenant- 
commander,  April  20,  1864  ;  was  assigned  to  the 
Juniata  on  the  North  Atlantic  squadron,  as 
executive  officer  in  May,  1864.  and  served  in  the 
engagements  of  Fort  Fisher,  Dec.  24  and  25.  1864, 
and  Jan.  13-15.  1865,  and  received  special  men 
tion  for  his  conduct  previous  to  the  surrender. 
He  was  on  the  Brazil  squadron,  1865-66,  and 
executive  officer  of  the  flagship  Brooklyn  of  the 
Brazil  squadron,  1866-67.  He  was  an  instructor 
at  the  U.S.  Naval  academy,  1867-68;  -executive 
officer  of  the  practice-ship  Macedonian  during 
the  summer  of  1866,  and  executive  officer  of  the 
flagship  Franklin  of  the  European  squadron, 
1868-70.  He  was  the  equipment  officer  at  the 
Philadelphia  navy  yard,  1870-71  ;  head  of  the  de 
partment  of  seamanship  at  the  Naval  academy, 
1871-75  ;  and  was  promoted  commander,  Jan.  29, 
1872.  He  commanded  the  Yantic,  April  to  July, 
1875,  and  the  Kearsarye,  1875-78,  both  on  the 
Asiatic  station,  and  the  Portsmouth  on  the  Euro 
pean  station,  February  to  August.  1878.  He  was 
commandant  of  cadets  at  the  U.S.  Naval  academy, 
1S78-82,  on  duty  at  the  navy  department.  1882- 
83,  serving  on  the  court  of  inquiry  on  the  loss  of 
the  Jeannette  and  as  a  member  of  the  board  of 
examiners  of  officers.  He  was  promoted  captain, 
Oct.  30,  1883,  was  stationed  at  Mare  Island  navy 
yard  as  captain  of  the  yard,  1883-86  ;  commanded 
the  flagship  Omaha  of  the  Asiatic  squadron, 
1887-90,  and  was  superintendent  of  the  naval  ob 
servatory,  1890-95.  He  was  promoted  commodore. 
May  10,  1895  ;  commanded  the  U.S.  naval  force 
on  the  Asiatic  station,  1895-98 ;  was  promoted 
rear-admiral,  July  3,  1898,  and  was  superintendent 
of  the  U.S.  Naval  academy  from  1898  to  1900, 
when  he  was  relieved  from  the  duties  on  account 
of  ill  health.  He  was  married  Oct.  9,  1862,  to 


Clara,  only  daughter  of  James  and  Mary  Sellers 
(Hobson)  Warren,  and  their  son,  Frederick  Val- 
lette,  Jr.,  was  appointed  a  cadet  at  the  U.S. 
Naval  academy,  June  24,  1899.  Admiral  McNair 
died  in  Washington,  B.C.,  Nov.  28,  1900. 

McNAIR,  John,  representative,  was  born  in 
Bucks  county,  Pa.,  in  1800  ;  son  of  John  and 
Martha  (Keith)  McNair  of  Southampton,  Pa.; 
grandson  of  Samuel  and  Mary  (Mann)  McNair, 
and  a  descendant  of  Samuel  and  Anna  (Murdock) 
McNair,  who  emigrated  from  Ireland  to  America 
with  their  children  in  1732,  and  settled  in  Upper 
Wakefield,  Bucks  county.  Pa.  The  family  was 
Scotch  and  settled  in  Carrickfergus.  Ireland, 
when  driven  from  home  by  religious  persecution. 
John  McNair  became  a  resident  of  Norristown, 
Pa.,  and  was  a  Democratic  representative  from 
the  fifth  district  of  Pennsylvania  in  the  32d  and 
33d  congresses,  1831-35.  He  was  married  to  Mary 
Yerkes.  He  died  at  Evansport,  Prince  William 
county,  Va.,  Aug.  7,  1861. 

McNAMARA,  John,  educator,  was  born  in 
Dromore,  county  Down,  Ireland,  Dec.  27,  1824. 
He  was  brought  by  his  parents  to  the  United 
States  about  1830.  When  a  young  lad  he  came 
under  the  notice  of  the  Rev.  William  Augustus 
Muhlenberg,  D.D.,  who  took  him  into  his  own 
home  and  regarded  him  as  a  son.  He  was  edu 
cated  at  St.  Paul's  college,  Flushing,  L.I.,  and 
matriculated  at  the  General  Theological  seminary 
in  New  York  city  in  the  class  of  1850,  but  did  not 
graduate.  He  was  admitted  to  the  diaconate 
and  was  assistant  to  Dr.  Muhlenberg  at  the 
Church  of  the  Holy  Communion,  1848-49.  and 
was  ordained  priest  in  June,  1849.  He  was  mar 
ried,  Nov.  18,  1852,  to  Sarah,  daughter  of  Edward 
and  Caroline  (Lawrence)  Gould  of  New  York 
city.  He  chose  a  missionary  life  and  in  response 
to  an  appeal  by  Bishop  Kernper  he  went  west 
and  labored  successfully  in  Missouri,  Kansas, 
Wisconsin  and  Illinois.  He  founded  Christ 
church,  St.  Joseph,  Mo.  ;  the  Church  of  the  Holy 
Communion,  Lake  Geneva,  Wis.,  and  Christ 
church,  Waukegan.  111.,  and  organized  mission 
stations.  He  was  in  Kenosha  at  the  outbreak 
of  the  civil  war,  and  was  made  chaplain  of  the 
1st  Wisconsin  regiment,  serving  for  three  years, 
when  he  returned  to  his  parish.  He  was  rector 
of  parishes  in  White  Water  and  La  Crosse,  and 
while  at  the  latter  place  was  called  in  August, 
1870,  by  Bishop  Clarkson,  to  take  the  presidency 
of  Nebraska  college  at  Nebraska  city,  a  church 
institution,  which  position  he  held,  1870-75.  In 
1875  he  returned  to  New  York  at  the  request  of 
Dr.  Muhlenberg  and  was  assistant  at  St.  Luke's 
hospital  and  rector  at  St.  Johnsland,  L.I.. 
N.Y.,  until  shortly  after  Dr.  Muhlenberg's  death 
when  he  returned  to  Nebraska  (1878)  and  with 
the  exception  of  a  few  months  in  New  Mexico, 


[301  ] 


McNEIL 


McNEILL 


he  spent  the  remainder  of  his  life  in  the  state. 
He  served  as  delegate  to  the  general  convention 
several  times.  At  the  time  of  his  death  he  was 
rector  of  the  Church  of  our  Saviour.  North 
Platte,  and  lie  was  buried  at  Lake  Geneva.  His 
widow  became  Sister  Sarah  of  the  order  of  St. 
Monica,  Springfield,  111.  He  received  the  honor 
ary  degree  of  D.D.  from  Nebraska  college  in  1869. 
He  is  the  author  of :  Three  Years  on  the  Kansas 
Border  (1852);  The  Black  Code  of  Kansas  (1857), 
and  contributions  to  church  periodicals.  He 
died  in  North  Platte,  Neb.,  Oct.  24,  1885. 

McNEIL,  John,  soldier,  was  born  in  Halifax, 
Nova  Scotia,  Feb.  4,  1813.  He  learned  the  hat 
ter's  trade  in  Boston,  Mass.,  and  engaged  in  the 
business  first  in  New  York  city,  and  subsequently 
in  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  1836-61.  He  was  a  represent 
ative  in  the  Mis 
souri  legislature,  1844 
-45,  and  president  of 
the  Pacific  Insur 
ance  company,  1855- 
61.  He  was  captain 
of  a  volunteer  com 
pany  early  in  1861, 
and  was  promoted 
colonel  of  the  3d 
regiment.  U.S.  re 
serve  corps,  and  at 
Fulton,  Mo. .July  17, 
1861,  defeated  the 
Confederate  forces 
under  Gen.  David 
B.  Harris  and  was 

placed  in  command  of  the  city  of  St.  Louis,  by 
General  Fremont.  He  was  appointed  colonel 
of  the  19th  Missouri  volunteers,  Aug.  3,  1861  ; 
commanded  a  cavalry  regiment  in  1862  and 
cleared  the  district  of  northeast  Missouri  of  guer 
illas.  He  was  promoted  brigadier-general  of 
volunteers,  Nov.  29,  1862  :  was  ordered  into  south 
eastern  Missouri  in  December,  1862  ;  held  Cape 
Girardeau  with  1700  men  against  General  Mar- 
maduke  with  10,000  men  in  1863;  was  appointed 
to  command  the  district  of  Rolla,  Mo.,  in  1864, 
and  from  there  marched  to  Jefferson  City,  and 
assisted  Gens.  John  B.  Sanborn,  Clinton  B. 
Fisk  and  E.  B.  Brown  in  saving  the  capital 
from  Price's  army.  He  afterward  joined  his 
cavalry  force  to  that  of  Gen.  E.  B.  Brown  and 
participated  in  the  operations  which  ended  in  the 
defeat  of  General  Price's  army  at  Newtonia,  Oct. 
28,  1864.  He  commanded  central  Missouri  until 
his  resignation  in  April.  1865.  He  was  clerk  of 
the  criminal  court  of  St.  Louis  county.  1865-67, 
fheriff  of  St.  Louis  county.  Mo..  1866-70,  and 
plerk  of  the  criminal  court  again,  1875-76.  He 
was  a  commissioner  to  the  Centennial  exhibition 
at  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  in  1876,  an  inspector  in  the 


U.S.  Indian  service  in  1878  and  1882,  and  super 
intendent  of  the  U.S.  post-office,  St.  Louis  branch, 
at  the  time  of  his  death.  He  died  in  St.  Louis. 
Mo..  June  8,  1891. 

McNEILL,  George,  editor,  was  born  in  Fay- 
etteville,  N.C.,  Sept.  4,  1827  ;  son  of  George  and 
Minerva  (Ruffin)  McNeill,  and  grandson  of  John 
McNeill,  who  came  to  America  from  Scotland. 
He  was  a  student  at  theFayetteville  high  school  ; 
at  the  University  of  North  Carolina.  1842-44  ;  at 
Delaware  college,  1844-46  ;  at  Union  Theological 
seminary,  New  York  city,  1846-47,  and  at  Prince 
ton  Theological  seminary,  where  he  was  graduated 
in  1849.  He  was  ordained  by  the  presbytery  of 
Fayetteville.  July  12,  1850  ;  served  as  a  domestic 
missionary  and  as  stated  supply  at  Ashboro,  1849- 
54,  and  Washington,  N.C.,  1854-55;  was  prin 
cipal  of  schools  at  Osceola,  Fla.,  1855-56,  and 
Fayetteville,  N.C.,  1856-57  ;  projected  the  publi 
cation  of  the  North  Carolina  Presbyterian  in  1857, 
and  was  editor  and  manager  up  to  the  time  of 
his  death,  when  he  was  succeeded  by  his  brother, 
the  Rev.  James  Hipkins  McNeill.  who  was  a  col 
onel  in  the  Confederate  army,  186.5-65.  and  was 
killed  at  Petersburg,  Va. ,  March  31,1 865.  George 
McNeill  died  at  Fayetteville,  N.C.,  Aug.  18,  1861. 

McNEILL,  George  Edwin,  reformer,  was  born 
in  Amesbury,  Mass.,  Aug.  4.  1837  ;  son  of  John 
and  Abigail  Todd  (Hickey)  McNeill.  He  attended 
public  and  private  schools  in  Massachusetts, 
worked  in  a  woollen  mill,  and  learned  the  trade  of 
shoemaker.  He  was  married,  Dec.  24.  to  Ade 
line  J.  Trepthern.  He  was  secretary  of  the 
Grand  Eight-Hour  league  of  Boston,  Mass.,  1863- 
64  ;  founder  of  the  New  England  Labor  Reform 
league  in  1865,  agent  of  the  Daily  Evening  Voice, 
1865-67  ;  founder  of  the  AVorkingman's  institute 
and  its  president,  1867-69  ;  president  of  the  Boston 
Eight-Hour  league,  1869-73  ;  associate  founder  of 
the  Order  of  the  People  in  1870  ;  president  of  the 
New  England  Ten-Hour  league,  1874-76  :  and  in 
1875  was  appointed  an  officer  to  enforce  the  laws 
regulating  the  education  of  children  of  Massachu 
setts.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  National  Labor 
convention  held  at  Rochester,  N.Y.,  in  1875  ;  was 
the  author  of  the  declaration  of  principles  used 
by  the  Knights  of  Labor  ;  founder  and  president 
of  the  International  Work ingm en's  union,  1876- 
79  ;  state  secretary  of  the  Sovereigns  of  Industry 
in  1875 ;  secretary  and  treasurer  of  the  Massachu 
setts  district  of  the  Knights  of  Labor,  1883-86  ; 
and  president  of  the  order  of  co-operators  in  1885. 
He  organized  and  became  general  manager  of 
the  Massachusetts  Mutual  Accident  association 
in  1883.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  American 
Federation  of  Labor,  1886-98,  and  was  sent  to 
England  as  the  Fraternal  delegate  of  the  Feder 
ation  in  1895.  He  w;is  the  commissioner  for  the 
state  on  manual  training,  1893-94  ;  on  taxation, 


[302J 


McNEILL 


MACNEVEN 


1897-98,  and  was  an  associate  founder  and  direct 
or  of  the  Anti-Tenement-House  league  in  1891. 
He  was  associate  editor  of  the  Labor  Standard, 
Paterson,  N.J.,  and  Fall  River,  Mass.,  and  editor 
of  the  Home  Journal,  Paterson.  N.J.,  1880-82  ; 
and  was  proprietor  and  editor  of  the  Labor  Leader, 
Boston,  1880-87  He  is  the  author  of  :  His 
tory  of  Co-operation  in  Massachusetts  (1876);  The 
Slave  of  Fortune  (a  novel,  1881);  The  Labor  Move 
ment,  the  Problem  of  a  Day  (1886);  History  of 
the  Shoe  Makers'  TTnions  (1890);  The  Eight-Hour 
Primer  (1890);  History  of  Development  of  tlie 
Shoe  Industry  (1S9(>):  The  Storyof  a  Silver  Dollar, 
a  Study  of  Accidents  and  Accident  Insurance* 
(1900). 

McNEILL,  George  Rockwell,  educator,  was 
born  in  Fayetteville,  N.C.,  July  1,  1854  ;  son  of 
the  Rev.  George  and  Maggie  (Gilbert)  McNeill. 
He  was  graduated  from  Davidson  college,  N.C., 
in  1874,  and  was  married  Dec.  23,  1875,  to  Mrs. 
Julia  V.  Marlin.  He  was  principal  of  a  private 
school  in  Rowan  county,  N.C.,  1872-81  ;  principal 
of  the  male  academy  at  Reidsville,  N.C.,  1883-89  ; 
president  of  Lafayette  college,  Alabama.  1889- 
95  ;  president  of  the  Alabama  educational  associa 
tion  in  1895  :  president  of  Isbell  Female  college, 
Talladega,  Ala.,  1895-98  :  again  president  of  La 
fayette  college,  1898-1900;  studied  history  and 
geography  in  Europe  and  made  an  extended  tour 
through  the  Continent  and  in  Great  Britain  in 
1900  and  was  elected  superintendent  of  the  city 
schools  of  Dothan,  Ala.,  in  1900. 

McNEILL,  William  Gibbs,  engineer,  was  born 
in  Wilmington,  N.(,'..  Oct.  3.  1S01  ;  son  of  Dr. 
Donald  and  -  —  (Gibbs)  McNeill.  His  pater 
nal  great  grandfather,  a  member  of  the  Highland 
clan,  after  distinguishing  himself  at  the  battle  of 
Culloden,  immigrated  to  America  in  1746,  and  set 
tled  in  North  Carolina  on  the  Cape  Fear  river. 
William  Gibbs  McNeill  received  his  early  educa 
tion  in  Newtown,  Long  Island.  N.Y..  with  the 
intention  of  entering  the  Episcopal  Theological 
seminary.  He  was  graduated  at  the  U.S.  Mili 
tary  academy  in  1H17,  served  on  topographical 
duty  in  the  engineer  corps,  1817-23:  was  promoted 
2,1  lieutenant  of  artillery,  March  1.  1818-  1st 
lieutenant,  Dec.  4,  1819;  and  1st  lieutenanr  of 
the  first  artillery  on  the  reorganization  oi  he 
army,  June  1,  1821.  He  was  promoted  assistant 
topographical  engineer  with  the  rank  of  captain, 
Jan.  27,  1823  ;  served  on  the  survey  of  the  Chesa 
peake  and  Ohio  canal,  1824-26  ;  of  the  Kanawha, 
James  and  Roanoke  rivers  in  Virginia  in  1827  ; 
of  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  railroad  in  1827;  and 
was  a  member  of  the  board  of  civil  engineers 
during  the  construction  of  the  road,  1827-30.  In 
November,  1828,  in  companj7  with  Capt.  George 
W.  Whistler  and  Jonathan  Knight,  he  was  sent 
by  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  railroad  company  to 


examine  the  railroad  system  of  Great  Britain,  and 
there  consulted  with  Thomas  Tel  ford,  Routit 
Stephenson  and  other  leading  engineers.  He  was 
chief  engineer  of  the  Baltimore  and  Susquelianna 
railroad,  1830-36  :  Paterson  and  Hudson  River 
railroad,  N.J.,  1831-34;  Boston  and  Providence 
railroad,  1832-35;  Providence  and  Stonington, 
1832-37  ;  Taunton  and  New  Bedford  railroad  in 
1835  ;  of  railroads  in  Florida  and  Alabama  in 
1834  ;  of  the  Fayetteville  and  Yadkin  railroad, 
N.C.,  in  1835;  the  Long  Island  railroad,  New 
York,  1835-36,  and  of  the  Boston  and  Albany, 
1836-40.  He  was  bre vetted  major,  Jan.  27,  1833, 
for  faithful  service  ten  years  in  one  grade.  He 
resigned  from  the  U.S.  army,  Nov.  23,  1837,  to 
become  chief  engineer  of  the  state  of  Georgia, 
and  he  surveyed  the  route  for  a  railroad  from 
Charleston,  8.C.,  to  Louisville,  Ky.,  and  thence  to 
Cincinnati.  Ohio,  1837-40.  He  was  president  of 
the  Chesapeake  and  Ohio  Canal  company,  1842-43. 
In  the  conflict  between  the  rival  state  govern 
ments  in  Rhode  Island  in  1842,  he  was  commis 
sioned  major-general  of  the  state  militia  and 
conducted  the  military  movements  that  crushed 
the  incipient  rebellion.  May  28,  1842.  He  was 
chief-engineer  of  the  Brooklyn  navy  yard  dry 
dock,  1842-45,  and  was  removed  by  President 
Polk,  and  when  the  war  with  Mexico  broke 
out  he  was  refused  a  commission  in  the  army. 
He  visited  Europe  in  1851  in  the  interest  of 
American  mining,  and  in  1853  failing  health  de 
cided  him  to  return  home.  He  was  made  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Institution  of  Civil  Engineers  of  Lon 
don,  May  4,  1852,  the  first  American  to  be  so 
honored.  He  married  Maria  Matilda  Common. 
He  died  in  Brooklyn,  N.Y.,Feb.  16,  1853. 

MacNEVEN,  William  James,  physician,  was 
born  at  Ballynahinch,  county  Gal  way,  Ireland, 
March  21,  1763.  He  was  graduated  from  the 
University  of  Vienna,  M.D.,  1784;  settled  in 
practice  in  Dublin,  Ireland,  where  he  took  a  lead 
ing  part  in  the  revolution  by  joining  the  United 
Irishmen,  and  about  1792,  at  the  instance  of 
Lord  Edward  Fitzgerald  and  Arthur  O'Connor, 
he  became  one  of  the  five  directors  of  the  society. 
He  was  arrested,  March  12,  1798,  and  imprisoned 
until  1802.  On  his  release  he  made  a  tour  of 
Switzerland  and  in  1803  entered  the  French  army 
as  captain  of  an  Irish  brigade  with  the  assurance 
that  the  French  intended  to  invade  Ireland. 
Disappointed  in  this,  he  resigned  his  commission 
and  in  the  summer  of  1805  settled  in  New  York 
city.  He  was  married  in  1810  to  Jane  Margaret, 
daughter  of  Samuel  Riker  of  Newtown,  Long 
Island.  He  was  professor  of  obstetrics  in  the 
College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  1808-11  ;  of 
chemistry  1811-16,  and  of  chemistry  and  materia 
medica.  1816-26.  He  was  the  first  scientist  to 
establish  a  chemical  laboratory  in  New  York. 


[303] 


McNIEL 


McNUTT 


He  united  \vitli  Drs.  Hosack,  Francis,  Mott,  and 
Godman  in  establishing  a  medical  school  in 
Duane  street  in  1826,  known  as  Rutgers  Medical 
college,  where  he  was  professor  of  niateria 
inedica  until  1830,  when  the  school  was  dis 
continued.  He  was  a  fellow  of  the  American 
Philosophical  society,  a  member  of  the  Literary 
and  Philosophical  society  of  New  York,  and 
of  the  various  Irish  societies,  being  elected 
president  of  The  Friends  of  the  Irish  in  1828,  and 
of  the  Irish  Emigrant  society.  He  received  the 
honorary  degree  of  M.D.  from  Columbia  in  1806. 
He  edited  the  Medical  and  Philosophical  Journal 
with  Dr.  Benjamin  De  Witt,  1812-15,  published 
an  edition  of  "  Brande's  Chemistry"  (1812)  and 
is  the  author  of  :  Rambles  in  Switzerland  in  the 
Summer  and  Autumn  of  1802  (1803);  Pieces  of 
Irish  History,  with  Thomas  Addis  Emmet  (1807): 
Chemical  Examination  of  the  Mineral  Water  of 
Schooley's  Mountain  (1815),  and  Exposition  of 
the  Atomic  Theory  of  Chemistry  (1819).  He  died 
in  New  York  city,  July  12,  1841. 

McNIEL,  John,  soldier,  was  born  in  Hillsbor- 
ough,  N.H.,  March  25,  1784;  son  of  Capt.  John 
and  Lucy  (Andrews)  McNiel ;  grandson  of  Daniel 
McNiel,  and  of  Isaac  Andrews,  and  great-grand 
son  of  John  McNiel  who  served  in  the  Louisburg 
expedition,  1744-55,  and  came  originally  from 
Londonderry  to  Derryfield,  N.H.,  and  thence  to 
Hillsborough.  John  McNiel,  3d,  was  commis 
sioned  captain  in  the  llth  infantry,  March  12, 
1812,  and  major,  Aug.  15,  1813.  He  led  the  regi 
ment  in  the  battle  of  Chippewa,  July  5,  1814,  and 
for  his  gallantry  in  leading  a  bayonet  charge 
which  won  the  day  for  the  Americans  he  was 
brevetted  lieutenant-colonel.  lie  commanded 
the  regiment  in  the  battle  of  Niagara,  July  25. 
1814,  and  was  brevetted  colonel  for  distinguished 
valor  there.  He  was  promoted  lieutenant-col 
onel  and  transferred  to  the  1st  infantry,  Feb.  24, 
1818  ;  to  the  3d  infantry,  Dec.  12,  1820  ;  was  bre 
vetted  brigadier-general,  July  24,  1824,  for  ten 
years'  faithful  service  in  one  grade  ;  was  promoted 
colonel  and  transferred  to  the  1st  infantry, 
April  28,  1826,  and  held  various  posts  on  the  west 
ern  frontier.  He  resigned  his  commission  in  the 
U.S.  arm}',  April  23,  1830,  and  was  surveyor  of 
the  port  of  Boston,  Mass.,  by  appointment  of 
President  Jackson,  1830-50.  He  was  married  to 
a  sister  of  Franklin  Pierce.  Their  son.  John  AN7". 
S.  McNiel,  2d  lieutenant  in  the  3d  U.S.  dragoons, 
was  killed  by  Indians  in  Florida,  Sept.  11,  1837, 
and  their  daughter  Fanny,  wife  of  Chandler  E. 
Potter,  was  the  first  white  child  born  on  the  site 
of  the  city  of  Chicago.  Col.  John  McNiel  died 
in  Washington.  I). C.,  Feb.  23,  1850. 

McNIERNEY,  Francis,  R.C.  bisliop,  was  born 
in  New  York  city.  April  25,  1828.  He  was  grad 
uated  at  the  college  of  Montreal,  Canada,  in 


1849  ;  was  professor  of  belles-lettres  there,  1849- 
51,  and  prepared  for  the  priesthood  in  the  semi 
nary  of  St.  Sulpice,  Montreal,  where  he  served  as 
procurator  for  one  year.  He  was  ordained  by 
Archbishop  Hughes  in  St.  Patrick's  cathedral, 
New  York  city,  Aug.  7,  1854  ;  was  chaplain 
to  Archbishop  Hughes,  1854-58  ;  chancellor  of 
the  archdiocese,  1857-58,  and  for  a  short  time  in 

1858  was  pastor  of  St.  Mary's.  Rondout,  N.Y.     In 

1859  he  became  secretary  to  Archbishop  Hughes, 
and    after   his   death    in    1864    was  secretary   to 
Archbishop  McCloskey,   1864-71.     He  was  secre 
tary   of  the  second  plenary  council  of  Baltimore 
in  1866,  and  was  an  authority  on  the  question  of 
church  ceremonials.     He   was  appointed   titular 
bishop   of  Rhesina  and  coadjutor  to  the  Bishop  of 
Albany.  Dec.  22, .1871,  and  was  consecrated  in  St. 
Patrick's  cathedral,  New  York  city,  April  21 ,  1872, 
by  Archbishop    McCloskey,   assisted    by  Bishops 
Loughlin  and  Bacon.     He    became  administrator 
of  the  diocese  of  Albany,  Jan.  18,  1874,  and  bishop 
by   right   of   succession,    on   the    resignation   of 
Bishop  Conroy,  Oct.  16,  1877.     He  visited  Europe 
several  times  and   in  1877  attended  the  golde*i 
jubilee   of    Pius  IX.     He  was  a  member  of  the 
Roman  Society,  Arcadia  ;  a   knight  of  the  grand 
cross  of  the  order  of  the  Holy   Sepulchre   and  a 
delegate   to   the   third   plenary  council  at  Balti 
more  in   1884.     Pope  Leo  XIII.  created  him  assist 
ant   bisliop  at  the  pontifical  throne  and   Roman 
convent,    May    5.     1890.      He    died    in    Albany, 
N.Y.,  Jan.  2,  1894. 

McNUTT,  Alexander  Gallatin,  governor  of 
Mississippi,  was  horn  in  Rockbridge  county.  Va., 
Sept.  12,  1801  (or  Jan.  3,  1802),  son  of  Alexander 
McNutt.  He  was  a  student  at  Washington  col 
lege,  leaving  in  1821  to  study  law,  and  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  Virginia  bar  in 
1823.  He  removed  to  Missis 
sippi  and  settled  in  Vicks- 
burg,  where  he  practised  law 
and  became  a  political  speak 
er.  He  was  a  state  senator 
from  Warren  county,  Miss., 
1836-38,  was  president  of  the 
senate  in  1837,  and  governor  of  Mississippi,  1839- 
42.  He  recommended  to  the  legislature  in  1841  the 
repudiation  of  the  bonds  of  the  Union  bank  of 
Mississippi,  then  insolvent,  but  the  legislature 
decided  to  pay  the  bonds.  He  was  defeated  fora 
seat  in  the  U.S.  senate  by  Henry  S.  Foote  in  1847, 
and  was  a  candidate  for  the  state  at  large  on  the 
Democratic  electoral  ticket  in  1848,  but  before 
the  election  he  died  at  Cookrum's  Cross  Roads, 
De  Soto  county.  Miss..  Oct.  22,  1S48. 

McNUTT,  Patterson,  educator,  was  born  in 
Switzerland  county,  Ind.,  Aug.  27,  1833.  He  was 
graduated  from  the  Indiana  Asburv  (now  De 
Pauw)  university,  A.B.,  1855,  A.M.,  1858.  He  was 


MACOMB 


MACOMB 


married,  Nov.  27,  1855,  to  Louisa  S.  Slavens.  He 
was  principal  of  Danville  seminary,  1855-58  ; 
joined  the  Illinois  conference  in  1858 ;  was  a 
professor  in  the  Illinois  Wesleyan  university, 
1858-59,  and  principal  of  the  Georgetown  semi 
nary,  1859-62.  He  joined  the  army  as  captain 
of  the  73rd  Illinois  volunteers,  serving  1862-64. 
He  was  president  of  Marshall  college,  111.,  1864- 
68  ;  president  of  Baker  university,  1869-70  ;  and 
professor  of  mathematics,  Indiana  Asbury  univer 
sity,  1872-83.  He  was  transferred  to  the  St.  Louis 
conference  and  held  pastorates  at  Warrensburg, 
Mo.,  1883-85,  and  at  Del  Norte,  Col.,  1885-86.  The 
degree  of  D.D.  was  conferred  on  him  by  the  Illi 
nois  AVesleyan  university  in  1880.  He  died  at 
Del  Norte,  Col.,  Feb.  9,  1886. 

MACOMB,  Alexander,  soldier,  was  born  in 
Detroit,  Mich.,  April  3,  1782  ;  son  of  Alexander 
(1748-1832)  and  Catherine  (Navarre)  Macomb  ; 
grandson  of  John  Mncomb,  who  emigrated  from 
Ireland  in  1742,  settled  in  New  York  city  and 

held  office  under  the 
colonial  government, 
and  of  Robert  de  Na 
varre,  an  officer  of 
the  French  govern 
ment  who  come  to 
America  in  1745,  and 
was  notaire  royal  and 
sub-delegue  for  the 
king  of  France  on 
the  early  establish 
ment  of  Detroit. 
Alexander  Macomb, 
Sr.,  was  a  wealthy 
fur  merchant  in 
Detroit,  the  owner 
of  large  tracts  of 
land  in  Georgia,  North  Carolina,  Kentucky  and 
New  York  and  also  a  ship-owner  in  New  York, 
1785-91.  Alexander  Macomb,  Jr.,  was  a  student 
in  the  Newark,  N.J.,  academy.  He  was  elected 
a  member  of  the  New  York  rangers,  a  volunteer 
company,  in  May,  1798,  and  entered  the  regular 
army,  Jan.  10,  1799,  as  a  cornet  in  tlie  light 
dragoons.  He  was  attached  to  the  staff  of  Gen 
eral  Worth  as  assistant  adjutant-general  and 
when  the  army  was  reduced,  he  was  retained 
and  promoted  2d  lieutenant  of  dragoons,  Feb.  10, 
1801.  He  served  as  aide-de-camp  to  General 
Wilkinson  and  as  secretary  of  the  commission  to 
treat  with  the  Indians,  1801-02  ;  was  promoted 
1st  lieutenant  of  engineers,  Oct.  12,  1802,  on  the 
disbandment  of  the  dragoons,  and  was  ordered  to 
the  Military  Academy  at  West  Point,  which  had 
just  been  established,  where  he  was  appointed 
adjutant  and  instructor  in  military  exercise.  He 
was  promoted  captain  of  engineers,  June  1 1 , 1805, 
was  superintendent  of  public  works  in  the  Caro- 


linas  and  Georgia  until  1812,  and  was  promoted 
major  of  engineers,  Feb.  3,  1808,  and  lieutenant- 
colonel,  Feb.  25,  1811.  He  assisted  in  organizing 
the  new  army,  was  appointed  adjutant-general, 
April  28,  1812,  and  became  commander  of  the 
engineer  corps  in  that  year.  He  resigned  so  as 
to  engage  in  field  service,  and  was  commissioned 
colonel  of  the  3d  regiment  of  artillery,  July  6, 
1812.  He  took  part  in  the  capture  of  Forts  Ni 
agara  and  George  in  May,  1813  ;  served  in  the  in 
vasion  of  Canada  under  Gen.  Wilkinson  in  that 
year,  and  was  promoted  brigadier-general,  Jan. 
24,  1814.  When  Wilkinson  was  recalled  in  April, 
1814,  Macomb  assumed  command  of  the  army  at 
Plattsburg,  N.Y. ,  until  General  Izard  arrived. 
At  Plattsburg,  Sept.  11,  1814,  with  his  force  of 
1500  regulars  and  a  few  detachments  of  state 
militia  and  Vermont  volunteers,  he  met  the 
British  force  of  over  14,000  men  under  Sir  George 
Provost,  defeated  them  and  forced  them  to  re 
treat  into  Canada.  He  was  brevetted  major- 
general,  Sept.  11,  1814,  for  his  conduct  in  this 
battle,  received  the  thanks  of  congress,  a  gold 
medal  presented  by  the  President,  a  sword  from 
the  state  of  New  York,  and  the  freedom  of  New 
York  city  in  a  gold  box.  He  served  as  a  mem 
ber  of  the  board  to  organize  the  peace  establish 
ment  in  1815,  and  was  assigned  to  the  3d  military 
department  of  the  northern  division  with  head 
quarters  in  New  York  city  and  later  to  the  5th 
military  department  with  headquarters  in  Detroit 
Mich.,  where  he  remained  until  June,  1821,  when 
he  was  appointed  chief  of  the  engineering  depart 
ment  at  Washington,  D.C.  He  became  major- 
general  and  general-in-chief  of  the  U.S.  army  in 
1828  as  successor  to  Gen.  Jacob  Brown,  deceased. 
He  served  actively  in  the  field  for  the  last  time  in 
the  Seminole  war  in  1835.  He  was  married,  July 
23,  1803,  to  his  cousin  Catherine  Macomb,  of 
Belleville,  N.  J.  She  died  in  1821  and  he  was  mar 
ried  secondly  in  May,  1826,  to  Harriet  (Balch) 
Wilson,  daughter  of  the  Rev.  Dr.  Balch,  of 
Georgetown,  D.C.  He  edited  Samuel  Cooper's 
Tactics  and  Regulations  for  the  Militia  (1836) 
and  is  the  author  of  treatises  :  On  Martial  Law 
and  Courts  Martial  in  the  United  States  (1809), 
and  On  the  Practice  of  Courts  Martial  (1840). 
He  died  in  Washington,  D.C.,  June  25,  1841. 

MACOMB,  William  Henry,  naval  officer,  was 
born  in  Detroit,  Mich.,  June  16,  1818  ;  son  of 
Alexander  and  Catherine  (Macomb)  Macomb. 
He  was  appointed  midshipman  in  the  U.S.  navy, 
April  10,  1834  ;  was  promoted  passed  midship 
man,  July  16,  1840,  and  lieutenant,  Feb.  27,  1847. 
He  commanded  the  sloop  Portsmouth,  of  the 
East  India  squadron,  1856-58,  and  aided  Flag- 
Officer  A.  H.  Foote  in  the  capture  of  the  barrier 
forts  on  the  Canton  river.  China.  He  took  part 
in  the  Paraguay  expedition  in  1859  where  he 


[305J 


MACON 


McPIIEETEKS 


commanded  tlie  Mctacomet.  He  commanded  the 
steamer  Genesce,  of  the  blockading  squadron, 
1862-63,  and  was  engaged  in  attempting  the  pas 
sage  of  the  Confederate  batteries  at  Port  Hudson, 
March  14,  1863,  and  had  several  engagements 
with  the  Confederates  along  the  Mississippi  river 
in  April,  May  and  June,  1863.  He  was  promoted 
commander,  July  16,  1862 ;  commanded  the 
steamer  Shamrock  of  the  North  Atlantic  block 
ading  squadron  in  the  operations  in  eastern  North 
Carolina,  1864-65  ;  and  led  the  naval  force  that 
bombarded  and  captured  Plymouth,  N.C.,  Oct. 
31,  1864.  For  the  capture  of  Plymouth  he  was 
advanced  three  numbers.  He  was  promoted 
captain,  July  25,  1866,  assigned  to  the  steamer 
sloop  Plymouth  of  the  European  squadron  in 
1869,  promoted  commodore,  July  1,  1870,  and  as 
signed  to  duty  as  lighthouse  inspector.  He  died 
in  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Aug.  12,  1872. 

MACON,  Nathaniel,  statesman,  was  born  in 
Warren  county,  N.C.,  Dec.  17,  1757.  He  matric- 
ulat3d  at  the  College  of  New  Jersey  but  in  1777 
when  the  doors  of  that  institution  closed  he 
volunteered  as  a  private  in  the  Continental 

army.  He  was  as 
signed  to  the  com 
pany  commanded  by 
his  brother  John  Ma 
son  and  took  part  in 
the  actions  resulting 
in  the  surrender  of 
Fort  Moultrie,  the 
rout  at  Camden,  the 
surrender  of  Charles 
ton,  May  12,  1780, 
and  in  the  retreat 
of  Generals  Morgan 
and  Greene  through 
North  Carolina  to 
Virginia  in  February, 
1781.  He  was  elected 

to  the  North  Carolina  senate  in  1781  and  al 
though  he  had  first  declined  to  leave  the  army 
he  was  prevailed  upon  by  General  Greene  to 
accept  civil  office.  During  his  term  as  state 
senator,  which  expired  in  1785,  he  removed  to  a 
plantation  on  the  Roanoke  river.  He  opposed 
the  adoption  of  the  Federal  constitution  as  con 
ferring  too  much  power  on  the  new  government. 
He  was  a  representative  in  the  2d-13th  con 
gresses,  1791-1815,  serving  as  speaker  of  the 
house  in  the  7th,  8th  and  9th  congresses,  1801-07. 
He  was  elected  U.S.  senator  in  place  of  David 
Stone,  resigned,  1814,  and  of  Francis  Locke  who  did 
not  take  his  seat,  1815,  and  served  by  re-election 
1815-28,  resigning  in  1828  when  he  was  succeeded 
by  James  Iredell.  He  twice  declined  the  posi 
tion  of  postmaster-general  from  President  Jeffer 
son  ;  was  president  pro  tempore  of  the  senate  in 

[306] 


the  19lh  and  20th  congresses,  1825-28  ;  and  received 
24  electoral  votes  for  Vice-President  in  1825.  He 
was  a  member  and  president  of  the  constitutional 
convention  of  North  Carolina  in  1835  and  pres 
idential  elector  on  the  Van  Buren  and  Johnson 
ticket  in  1837.  He  was  opposed  to  all  schemes  of 
internal  improvement  ;  opposed  a  grant  of  land 
to  Count  De  Grasse  and  to  General  Lafayette  ;  and 
to  a  ballot  being  given  to  free  negroes.  He  died 
in  Warren  county,  N.C.,  June  29,  1837. 

McPH  AIL,  George  Wilson,  educator,  was  born 
in  Norfolk,  Va.,  in  1816.  He  was  a  student  at 
Hampden  Sidney  college,  Va. ,  1829-31  ;  and  was 
graduated  from  Yale,  A.B.,  1835,  A.M.,  1841.  He 
studied  theology  at  Hampden  Sidney,  was  or 
dained  to  the  Presbyterian  ministry  in  1839  and 
was  a  missionary  to  Prince  George  count}',  Va., 
1839-41,  and  pastor  at  Fredericksburg,  1842-54,. 
where  he  also  conducted  a  female  seminary.  He 
was  pastor  at  Easton,  Pa.,  1854-57  ;  president  of 
Lafayette  college,  1857-63  ;  a  teacher  in  Professor 
Saunders's  seminary,  Philadelphia,  1863-64  ; 
pastor  in  Norfolk,  Va.,  1865  ;  and  president  of 
Davidson  college,  N.C.,  and  professor  of  mental 
and  moral  philosophy  there,  1866-71.  He  re 
ceived  the  honorary  degree  of  D.D.  from  Jeffer 
son  college  in  1857  and  that  of  LL.D.  from  the 
University  of  Mississippi  in  1868.  He  died  at 
Davidson.  N.C.,  June  28,  1871. 

McPHEETERS,  William  Marcellus,  physician, 
Was  born  in  Raleigh,  N.C.,  Dec.  3,  1815  :  second 
son  of  the  Rev.  Dr.  William  (1778-1842)  and 
Margaret  Ann  (Curry)  McPheeters,  and  brother 
of  the  Rev.  Samuel  Brown  McPheeters.  D.D. 
(1819-1870)  ;  grandson  of  William  McPheeters, 
one  of  the  founders  and  a  trustee  of  Washington 
university,  Lexington,  Va.,  and  a  descendant 
of  William  McPheeters.  who  served  in  Cromwell's 
army,  afterward  removed  to  the  north  of  Ireland 
and  then  to  America  prior  to  the  Revolution, 
settling  first  in  Pennsylvania,  then  in  Augusta 
county,  Va.  His  father,  a  distinguished  Pres 
byterian  minister,  was  born  in  Augusta  county. 
Va.,  declined  the  presidency  of  Davidson  col 
lege,  N.C.,  in  1S40,  was  a  trustee  of  the  Uni 
versity  of  North  Carolina,  1M12-42,  and  a  well- 
known  educator  in  North  Carolina.  William 
Marcellus  was  a  student  at  the  University  of 
North  Carolina.  1837-38,  and  was  graduated  from 
the  University  of  Pennsylvania.  M.D.,  1840.  He 
was  a  resident  physician  at  Blockley  hospital, 
Philadelphia,  Pa.,  1840-41  ;  professor  of  clinical 
medicine  and  pathological  anatomy.  1843-48.  and 
of  inateria  medica  and  therapeutics.  1848-62,  in 
the  St.  Louis  Medical  college.  He  was  married 
in  April,  1846.  to  Martha,  daughter  of  Carey 
Selden,  of  Virginia  ;  she  died  in  March,  1847.  He 
was  married  secondly,  in  May,  1849,  to  Sallie, 
daughter  of  George  Buchanan  of  St.  Louis,  Mo. 


McPlIERSON 


McPHERSON 


He  was  surgeon  to  the  U.S.  marine  hospital,  St. 
Louis,  1856-61,  and  surgeon  in  the  Confederate 
army,  1861-64,  serving  as  chief  surgeon  to  Thomas 
L.  Churchell's  division  and  as  medical  director  on 
the  staff  of  Gen.  Sterling  Price.  He  resumed 
general  practice  in  St.  Louis  in  1865  ;  was  pro 
fessor  in  the  Missouri  medical  college,  1866-74  ; 
and  physician  to  the  St.  Louis  hospital  of  the 
Sisters  of  Charity.  He  was  president  of  the 
Medical  Association  of  the  State  of  Missouri  in 
1853  ;  of  the  St.  Louis  Medical  society  ;  and 
vice-president  of  the  American  Medical  asso 
ciation  in  1873.  He  was  also  a  member  and 
president  of  the  St.  Louis  Obstetrical  and  Gyne 
cological  society  and  an  honorary  member  of  the 
State  Medical  societies  of  North  Carolina  and 
Arkansas.  He  served  on  the  St.  Louis  board  of 
health  in  1876  and  1877  and  was  medical  director 
of  the  St.  Louis  Mutual  Life  Insurance  company, 
1874.  He  eilited  the  St.  Louis  Medical  and  Sur 
gical  Journal,  1843-61  ;  and  is  the  author  of  a 
History  of  the  Cholera  Epidemic  in  St.  Louis, 
Mo.,  in  1X4!)  (1850).- 

McPHERSON,  Edward,  representative,  was 
born  in  Gettysburg.  Pa.,  July  31,  1830;  son  of 
John  Bayard  and  Catharine  (Lenhart)  McPlier- 
son,  grandson  of  Capt.  William  McPherson,  an 
officer  in  the  American  Revolution,  captured  by 

the  British  at  the 
battle  of  Long  Island, 
and  great-grandson 
of  Capt.  Robert  Mc 
Pherson,  who.  with 
his  wife  Janet,  set 
tled  on  Marsh  Creek, 
York  county,  Pa., 
about  1735  ;  was  cap 
tain  in  General  For- 
bes's  expedition  to 
Fort  Duquesne  in 
1748,  a  delegate  to 
the  Pennsylvania 
state  constitutional 
convention  of  July  15, 
1776,  and  colonel  of 
state  troops  in  the  War  of  Independence.  Edward 
was  graduated  from  Pennsylvania  college  in  1848, 
studied  law  with  Thaddeus  Stevens  in  Lancaster, 
Pa.,  was  correspondent  in  Harrisburg  for  the 
Philadelphia  North  American.  1N50  ;  edited  the 
Harrisburg  Daily  A merican,  1851  ;  the  Lancaster 
Independent  Whig,  1851-54  :  and  established  the 
Inland  Daily  in  Lancaster,  Pa.,  in  1853.  He  was 
a  representative  in  the  36th  and  37th  congresses, 
1859-63  ;  was  a  captain  in  the  Pennsylvania 
Reserves  in  1861  until  that  body  was  mustered 
into  the  U.S.  service,  and  served  for  a  time  as  a 
volunteer  aide  on  the  staff  of  General  McCall. 
He  was  "hairman  of  the  committee  on  the  library. 


and  a  member  of  the  committee  on  military 
affairs  in  the  37th  congress,  and  was  appointed  a 
regent  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution.  He  was 
married,  Nov.  12,  1862,  to  Annie  D.,  daughter  of 
John  S.  Crawford  of  Gettysburg,  Pa.  He  was 
deputy  commissioner  of  internal  revenue  in 
1863  ;  clerk  of  the  house  of  representatives  in 
the  38th,  39th.  40th,  4lst,  42d,  47th  and  51st  con. 
gresses,  1863-73,  1881-83,  and  1889-91.  He  was 
chief  of  the  bureau  of  engraving  and  printing  in 
1877  ;  editor  of  the  Philadelphia  Press,  1877-80  ; 
and  editor  and  proprietor  of  the  Star  and  Sen 
tinel,  Gettysburg,  Pa.,  1880-95.  He  was  secretary 
of  the  Union  national  committee,  1860-64,  secre 
tary  of  the  Republican  congressional  campaign 
committee  in  1880,  1884,  1888  and  1892,  and  was- 
permanent  president  of  the  Republican  national 
convention  that  met  in  Cincinnati,  June  14,  1876. 
He  received  the  honorary  degree  of  A.M.  from 
the  College  of  New  Jersey  in  1866  and  LL.D.  from 
Pennsylvania  college  in  1867.  He  edited  a  bien 
nial  Handbook  of  Politics  (1872-95)  ;  the  New 
York  Tribune  Almanac  (1877-95),  and  was  the 
American  editor  of  the  Almanack  de  Gotka.  He 
is  the  author  of  :  Political  History  of  the  United 
States  during  the  Great  Rebellion  (1865)  ;  Political 
Manual  (1866),  and  The  Political  History  of  the 
United  States  during  the  Reconstruction  (1870). 
He  died  at  Gettysburg.  Pa.,  Dec.  14,  1895. 

McPHERSON,  James  Birdseye,  soldier,  was 
born  in  Sandusky,  Ohio,  Nov.  14,  1828.  He  was 
graduated  from  the  U.S.  Military  academy  in 
1853.  and  was  promoted  in  the  army  to  brevet 
2d  lieutenant  in  the  corps  of  engineers  July  1, 
1853.  He  served  as 
assistant  instructor 
in  practical  engineer 
ing  at  the  U.S.  Mil 
itary  academy  in 
July,  1853,  and  was 
attached  to  a  com 
pany  in  the  engineer 
corps,  1853-54.  He 
was  promoted  2d 
lieutenant  of  engi 
neers,  Dec.  18,  1854, 
and  served  as  assist 
ant  in  the  construc 
tion  and  repairs  of 
the  New  York  harbor 
defences,  1854-57. 
He  superintended  the  building  of  Fort  Delaware 
in  1857  ;  the  construction  of  the  defences  of 
Alcatraz  Island,  San  Francisco,  Cal.,  1857-61  ; 
was  promoted  first  lieutenant,  Dec.  13,  1858,  and 
was  in  charge  of  the  engineer  operations  in  Bos 
ton  harbor  in  1861.  He  declined  the  appointment 
of  captain  in  the  19th  U.S.  infantry  tendered  him 
on  May  14,  1861,  and  was  promoted  captain  in  the 


[307] 


McPHERSON 


McPHERSON 


engineer  corps,  Aug.  6,  1861.  He  was  appointed 
lieutenant-colonel  of  staff  and  additional  aide-de 
camp  to  General  Halleck,  Nov.  12,  1861,  and 
served  as  assistant  engineer  of  the  department 
of  the  Missouri,  November,  1861,  to  February, 
1862.  He  was  chief  engineer  on  the  staff  of 
General  Grant  during  the  Tennessee  campaign 
of  1862,  being  engaged  in  the  operations  against 
Fort  Henry,  Feb.  2-6,  1862  ;  the  battle  and 
capture  of  Fort  Donelson,  Feb.  14-16,  1862  ; 
the  battle  of  Shiloh,  April  6-7,  1862,  and  as 
assistant  engineer  in  the  siege  of  Corinth,  April 
15  to  May  29,  1862.  He  was  promoted  colonel 
of  staff  and  additional  aide-de-camp,  May  1, 
1862,  and  brigadier-general  of  volunteers,  May 
15,  1862,  and  was  military  superintendent  of 
the  railroads  in  the  district  of  West  Tennessee, 
June  to  October,  1862.  He  was  on  the  staff 
of  General  Grant  during  the  battle  of  luka, 
Miss.,  Sept.  19,  1862.  He  commanded  a  brigade 
in  October,  1862,  and  moved  from  Jackson,  Tenn., 
to  Corinth,  where  he  joined  General  Rosecrans 
on  Oct.  4,  1862.  just  at  the  close  of  the  battle.  He 
joined  in  the  pursuit  of  the  enemy,  leading  the 
advance  to  Ripley,  Miss.  He  was  promoted 
major-general  of  the  U.S.  volunteers,  Oct.  8, 

1862,  and  was  in  command  of  the  second  division, 
department  of  the  Tennessee,  at  Bolivar,  Term., 
Oct.  16-24,  1862,  and  of  the  2d  division,  13th  army 
corps,  Oct.  24-Nov.  2,  1862.     He  commanded  the 
right   wing   of  Grant's  army   in   the  Vicksburg 
campaign  until  Jan.  18,  186:},  when  the  army  was 
reorganized  and  he  was  given  command  of  the 
17th  army  corps.     He  participated  in  the  march 
to  and  the  occupation  of  Lagrange,  Miss.,  Nov.  4, 
1863  ;  was   in   command   during    the    action    at 
Lamar,  Miss.,  Nov.  12,  1862,  and  led  the  advance 
to  and  the  retreat   from  Oxford,   Miss.,  Novem 
ber-December.  1862.     He  was  engaged  in  organiz 
ing  and  massing  his  corps  at   Memphis,  Tenn., 
January-February,    1863,    and    at   Lake     Provi 
dence,  February  and  April,  1863.    He  endeavored 
to    open    a     passage    to    the    Mississippi    river, 
via    Lake    Providence,   in   order  to  get  in  the 
rear   of  Vicksburg  by  the  Yazoo  pass,  in  April, 

1863,  but  was  unsuccessful.     He   participated  in 
the  battle  of  Port  Gibson,  April  30-May  1,  1863  ; 
was   in   command   at   the   action   of    Raymond, 
Miss.,  May  12,  1863  ;  attacked  Johnston's  army  at 
Jackson  and  captured  the  fortifications  on  May 
14,  1863.     He  commanded  his  corps  at  the  battle 
of     Champion     Hills,    May    16,    1863,    where     it 
bore  the  brunt  of  the   fighting,   General   Pem- 
berton's  army  retiring  in  confusion  to  Vicksburg. 
His  corps  formed  the  centre  of  Grant's  army  dur 
ing  the   assaults   on  Vicksburg,  May    19  and  22, 
1863.  and  attacked  the  Confederate  works  at  the 
salient,   on   the  Jackson  road,  but  without  suc 
cess.     McPherson  displayed  conspicuous  gallantry 


throughout  this  campaign  ;  was  one  of  the  com 
missioners  to  fix  the  terms  of  capitulation,  and 
General  Grant  in  a  letter  to  the  war  department 
recommended  him  for  promotion  to  the  rank 
of  brigadier- general  in  the  regular  army,  which 
was  awarded  him,  Aug.  1,  1863.  In  October,  1863, 
a  medal  of  honor  was  presented  to  him  by  the  offi 
cers  of  his  corps  for  the  gallant  manner  in  which 
he  had  led  them  during  the  campaign  and  siege 
of  Vicksburg.  He  was  in  command  of  the  17th 
army  corps  and  district  of  Vicksburg,  1863-64, 
and  sent  out  several  important  expeditions  into 
Mississippi  and  Louisiana  ;  was  engaged  in  the 
surprise  of  the  enemy's  camp  at  Canton,  Oct.  15, 

1863,  and  participated  in  General  Sherman's  raid 
on  Meridian  in  February,   1863,   which  resulted 
in  great   destruction  of   the  enemy's   resources. 
When  Sherman   succeeded  Grant  in  command  of 
the  western  armies  in  March,   1864,  McPherson 
succeeded  Sherman  as  commander  of  the  depart 
ment  and  army  of  the  Tennessee,  and   served  as 
such,  March  26  to  July  22,  1864.     He  reorganized 
and   massed   his  army  at    Hunts ville,    Ala.,    in 
April,  1864,  and   led  them  in  the  Georgia  cam 
paign,  May  4  to  July  22,  1864.     He  commanded 
the  Army  of  the  Tennessee   in  the  movement  by 
Snake  Creek  Gap,  with  orders  to  turn  the  enemy's 
left  and   to  destroy  the  railroad,   while  a   dem 
onstration     was     being     made     by    the     armies 
of   Thomas   and    Schofield   in    Johnston's  front. 
When  McPherson  approached  Resaca  he  found  it 
too  strongly  fortified  to  warrant  an  attack,  so  he 
retired  to  Snake  Creek  Gap  and  threatened  the 
railroad.     He  was  criticised  for  this   act  by  Gen 
eral  Sherman,  who  claimed  that  although  he  acted 
strictly  within  his  instructions,  yet  by  not  attack 
ing  Resaca  he  lost  the  opportunity  of  a  lifetime. 
As  a  result  of  his  action  Sherman  marched  his 
entire  army  to  Snake  Crock  Gap,  thus  compelling 
Johnston  to   abandon  his  stronghold  at  Dalton 
and  to  retreat  to  Resaca,  where  he  was  attacked 
by   Sherman's   entire  army    and   was  defeated, 
May  15,    1864.     McPherson  was  engaged  in  the 
occupation  of  Kingston,  May  18,  1864  ;  the  battle 
of  Dallas,  May  28,  1864  :  the  battle  of  Kenesaw 
Mountain,  June   20-July  2,  1864,  where  he  made 
a   gallant  assault   in   connection   with   Thomas's 
army,  but  was  driven  back  ;  and  in  the  pursuit  of 
the  enemy  with   severe  skirmishing.  July  13-17, 

1864.  On  July  17  Johnston    was   superseded    in 
command    of    the    Confederate    army,    then    at 
Atlanta,  by  Gen.  John  B.  Hood,  and  on  July  22, 
Hood,  massing  his  entire  army,  made  a  furious 
assault  on  Sherman's  left  flank,  which  was  com 
manded  by  McPherson.     While  forming  his  com 
mand  into  line,  McPherson  rode  into  the  enemy's 
line,  and  upon  perceiving  his  mistake  he  reined 
up  his  horse,  and  raising  his  cap  with  a  graceful 
salutation,  turned  to  the  right  and  dashed  into 


[308] 


McPHERSON 


McQUADE 


the  woods.  A  volley  followed  him,  and  he  fell, 
pierced  by  several  bullets.  His  statue  in  bronze 
was  erected  in  one  of  the  public  parks  of  Wash 
ington,  B.C.,  by  his  comrades  of  the  Army  of  the 
Tennessee.  When  told  of  McPherson's  death, 
Grant  exclaimed,  "  The  country  has  lost  one  of 
its  best  soldiers,  and  I  have  lost  my  best  friend.'1 
He  died  near  Atlanta,  Ga.,  July  22,  1864. 

McPHERSON,  John  Hanson  Thomas,  edu 
cator,  was  born  in  Baltimore,  Md.,  Oct.  30,  1865  ; 
son  of  John  H.  T.  and  Sallie  (Cooke)  McPherson, 
grandson  of  Robert  Grier  and  Maria  (Davis) 
McPherson  ;  great-grandson  of  Col.  John  Mc 
Pherson,  who  settled  in  Frederick  county,  Md., 
in  1781,  and  a  descendant  of  Robert  and  Janet 
McPherson,  who  came  from  the  Scotch  Highlands 
to  Delaware  in  1738,  afterward  settling  near 
Gettysburg,  Pa.  His  early  life  was  passed  on  the 
famihr  homestead  at  Frederick,  Md.  He  at 
tended  private  schools  and  Baltimore  college, 
1879-84,  and  was  graduated  from  Johns  Hopkins 
university,  A.B.,  1886,  Ph.D.,  1890.  He  was  an 
honorary  Hopkins  scholar,  1884-86,  and  a  Univer 
sity  scholar,  1886-87  and  1883-89.  He  was  made 
a  fellow  in  history  in  1889  ;  was  instructor  in  his 
tory  at  the  University  of  Michigan,  1890-91,  and 
was  elected  professor  of  history  and  political 
science  at  the  University  of  Georgia  in  1891, 
being  also  lecturer  on  Roman  law  in  the  univer 
sity  law  school  after  1895.  He  was  married  June 
23,  1892,  at  Geneva,  Switzerland,  to  Georgia 
Adams  Rathbone,  who  died  Nov.  13,  1893.  He 
was  made  a  member  of  the  board  of  electors  of 
the  Hall  of  Fame  for  Great  Americans,  New 
York  university,  1900  ;  a  member  for  Georgia  of 
the  general  committee  of  the  American  Histor 
ical  association,  and  corresponding  member  of 
the  Minnesota  Historical  society.  He  is  the 
author  of  History  of  Liberia  (1891),  issued  in  the 
John  Hopkins  studies  in  history  and  politics  ; 
and  The  Civil  Government  of  Georgia  (1896). 

McPHERSON,  John  Roderic,  senator,  was 
born  at  York,  Livingston  county.  N.Y.,  May  9, 
1833  ;  son  of  Donald  and  Jean  (Calder)  McPher 
son  ;  grandson  of  James  McPherson,  who  came 
from  Culloden,  Scotland,  and  located  at  Delhi, 
N.Y.,  in  1801,  and  of  James  and  Elizabeth 
Calder,  who  came  from  Stirlingshire,  Scotland, 
in  1800,  arid  settled  in  Greenfield,  Conn.,  and 
later  removed  to  Genesee  county,  N.Y.  He  was 
educated  in  the  public  schools  and  at  Genesee 
academy,  and  engaged  in  farming  and  stock- 
raising  in  Livingston  county,  1851-58.  He  re 
moved  in  1858  to  Jersey  City.  N.J.,  where  he  en 
tered  upon  more  extensive  dealings  in  live  stock, 
and  designed  many  improvements  and  put  into 
operation  the  great  abattoir  system  used  in 
France.  He  was  a  member  of  the  board  of 
aldermen  of  Jersey  City,  1864-70,  and  its  president 


for  three  years.  He  was  married  in  1867  to  Edla 
Jean,  daughter  of  William  Gregory,  of  Buffalo, 
N.Y.  He  was  a  member  of  the  state  senate,  1870- 
73  ;  opposed  the  railroad  monopolies  and  secured 
the  enactment  of  the  general  railroad  law  of  New 
Jersey.  He  was  presidential  elector  on  the 
Tilden  and  Hendricks  ticket  in  1876,  and  was 
elected  to  the  U.S.  senate  by  the  Democratic 
legislature  to  succeed  F.  T.  Frelinghuysen,  and 
was  twice  re-elected,  serving,  1877-95.  During 
his  third  term  in  the  senate  he  was  chairman  of 
the  committees  on  naval  affairs  and  the  Potomac 
river  front.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  Democratic 
national  conventions  of  1884,  1888  and  1892,  and 
in  1887  refused  the  cabinet  position  of  secretary 
of  the  treasury  as  successor  to  Daniel  Manning, 
deceased.  He  established  the  People's  Gaslight 
company,  and  was  president  of  the  corporation, 
1868-69  ;  was  president  of  several  savings  banks 
and  of  a  western  stock-yard  company,  and 
owned  a  paper-mill  near  the  Delaware  water-gap, 
and  a  large  stock-farm  in  Somerset  county. 
He  died  in  Jersey  City,  N.J.,  Oct.  8,  1897. 

McPHERSON,  Smith,  jurist,  was  born  in 
Morgan  county,  Ind.,  Feb.  14,  1848  ;  son  of  Oliver 
and  Polly  (Matthews)  McPherson,  and  grandson  of 
William  McPherson  and  of  Hiram  Matthews. 
He  attended  the  common  schools  of  his  native 
county  and  studied  law  at  the  Iowa  State  univer 
sity.  He  practiced  at  Red  Oak,  Iowa,  1870-1900  ; 
was  district-attorney  of  the  third  district  of  Iowa, 
1874-80  ;  and  attorney-general  of  Iowa,  1881-85. 
He  was  elected  a  Republican  representative  in 
the  56th  congress  in  1898  and  served  until  June 
7,  1900.  when  he  resigned,  having  been  appointed 
U.S.  district  judge  for  the  southern  district  of 
Iowa. 

McQUADE,  James,  soldier,  was  born  in  Utica, 
N.Y.,  April  27,  1829;  son  of  Michael  McQuade, 
a  cooper  and  brewer.  He  attended  a  Roman 
Catholic  school  in  Montreal,  Canada  ;  studied 
law  in  Utica,  and  entered  the  banking  busi 
ness.  He  was  appointed  a  clerk  of  the  New 
York  assembly  in  1851,  and  was  elected  a  mem 
ber  of  the  assembly  on  the  Republican  ticket  in 
1859.  He  was  appointed  colonel  of  the  14th  New 
York  regiment  in  April,  1861,  and  was  assigned 
to  Griffin's  second  brigade,  Merrill's  1st  division, 
Fitz-John  Porter's  5th  army  corps,  on  the  Vir 
ginia  peninsula,  and  was  in  the  various  engage 
ments  leading  to  the  siege  of  Yorktown,  April  5 
to  May  4,  1862,  and  in  the  seven-days'  battles  be 
fore  Richmond,  1862.  He  distinguished  himself 
for  his  bravery  at  Gaines's  Mill,  June  27,  and  at 
Malvern  Hill,  July  1,  1862.  At  Hanover  Court 
House  he  commanded  a  brigade  ;  at  Gaines's  Mill 
he  served  as  an  aide  on  Gen.  Fitz-John  Porter's 
staff,  and  at  Malvern  Hill  was  in  command  of 
his  regiment,  and  made  a  desperate  and  success- 


[309J 


McQUAID 


McQUEARY 


ful  charge,  against  the  orders  of  his  commander. 
In  the  seven  days'  battles  he  was  the  only  regi 
mental  commander  in  Griffin's  brigade  who 
escaped  death.  Colonels  Black,  McLean,  Gore, 
Woodbury  and  Cass  meeting  death  between  June 

25  and  July  2.  1862. 
His  escape  was  con 
sidered  marvellous, 
as  he  was  constantly 
exposed,  and  vir 
tually  led  the  regi 
ments  as  second  in 
command  to  General 
Griffin.  The  2d  brig 
ade  was  at  Centre ville 
during  the  action  at 
Manassas.  and  could 
not  join  the  division, 
as  the  road  was 
blocked  and  the 
bridges  destroyed.  In 
the  defence  of  Mary 
land  against  the  invasion  of  General  Lee, 
the  brigade  had  a  sharp  engagement  at  Shep- 
herdstown,  Va.,  and  in  the  battle  of  Chancellors- 
ville,  May  1-4,  1803,  Colonel  McQuade  again 
commanded  the  2d  brigade  until  physically 
exhausted,  when  the  command  devolved  on 
Col.  J.  B.  Switzer.  The  regiment  was  shortly 
after  ordered  home,  its  term  of  service  having 
expired,  and  was  mustered  out  at  Utica,  May  24, 
1863.  Colonel  McQuade  was  brevetted  brigadier- 
general  and  major-general  of  volunteers,  March 
13,  1865,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  in 
the  civil  war.  He  was  department  commander, 
G.A.R.,  in  1879,  and  held  various  political  offices. 
He  died  in  Utica.  N.V.,  March  25",  1885. 

McQUAID,  Bernard  John,  R.C.  bishop,  was 
born  in  New  York  city,  Dec.  15.  1823  ;  son  of 
Bernard  and  Mary  (Maguire)  McQuaid.  He  at 
tended  Chambly  college,  Canada,  and  was  grad 
uated  from  St.  John's  college,  Fordham,  in  1843. 
He  was  a  tutor  at  St.  John's  college,  1843-46  ; 
studied  theology  at  St.  John's  college  ;  was  or 
dained,  Jan.  16,  1848,  in  St.  Patrick's  cathedral, 
New  York  city,  by  Bishop  Hughes  and  was  as 
signed  to  the  mission  at  Madison,  N.J.  He 
erected  churches  at  Morristown  and  Springfield, 
N.J.,  and  in  1853  he  was  transferred  to  St.  Pat 
rick's  cathedral,  Newark.  He  assisted  Bishop 
Bayley  in  founding  Seton  Hall  college  and  sem 
inary  first  at  Madison  and  then  at  South  Orange, 
N.J.  He  was  president  of  Seton  Hall  college, 
1856-57  ;  was  recalled  to  his  old  position  of  rector 
of  the  cathedral  at  Newark  in  1857  ;  and  was 
president  and  professor  of  rhetoric  at  Seton  Hall 
college,  1859-68.  In  September,  1866.  he  suc 
ceeded  Father  Moran  as  vicar-general  of  the  dio 
cese  of  Newark.  He  was  consecrated  the  first 


bishop  of  Rochester,  N.Y.,  July  12,  1868,  at  New 
York  city  by  Archbishop  McCloskey,  assisted  by 
Bishops  Bailey  and  Goesbriand.  He  organized 
the  diocese  ;  introduced  the  Sisters  of  St.  Joseph, 
and  founded  St.  Andrew's  preparatory  seminary 
in  1870,  and  St.  Bernard's  Theological  seminary 
iu  1893.  He  was  present  at  the  Vatican  council, 
1869-70.  He  established  in  his  diocese  numerous 
Christian  free  schools,  and  to  show  the  necessity 
of  combining  religious  with  secular  education, 
and  to  demonstrate  the  wrong  which  he  claimed 
to  be  done  to  Catholic  citizens  by  the  system  of 
double  taxation,  he  lectured  extensively  and 
wrote  articles  in  reviews. 

McQUEARY,  Thomas  Howard,  theologian  and 
educator,  was  born  near  Charlottesville,  Va., 
May  27,  1861  ;  son  of  Thomas  Howard  and  Sarah 
Jane  (Harland)  MacQueary  ;  grandson  of  William 
and  Mary  (Hall)  MacQueary  and  of  Clifton  and 
Diana  (Kinsolving)  Garlaiul,  and  a  descendant  of 
Scotch  ancestors,  who  migrated  to  the  north  of 
Ireland  and  came  to  America  before  1776.  His  ma 
ternal  grandparents  were  descended  from  prom 
inent  early  Virginia  families.  He  was  educated 
in  the  parish  school,  engaged  in  farming,  1874- 
79,  and  in  1879  entered  mercantile  business  in 
Washington,  D.C.  He  was  a  student  at  Nor 
wood  college,  Nelson  county,  Va.,  1880-81,  and 
was  graduated  at  the  Virginia  P.  E.  Theological 
seminary.  June,  1886.  He  was  ordered  deacon, 
July  19,  1885.  by  Bishop  Peterkin  of  West  Vir 
ginia,  and  was  given  charge  of  Christ  church 
parish.  Fairmount,  W.  Va.  He  was  ordained 
priest  in  1887  ;  and  was  rector  of  St.  Paul's  church, 
Canton,  Ohio,  1887-91.  A  declaration  of  his 
belief  as  embodied  in  his  book  "  The  Evolution  of 
Man  and  Christianity"  (1890),  in  which  he  espe 
cially  denied  the  virgin  birth  and  bodily  resurrec 
tion  of  Jesus  though  asserting  his  divinity  and 
spiritual  resurrection,  brought  the  attention  of 
theologians  to  his  departure  from  orthodoxy. 
He  was  invited  by  the  Episcopal  church  congress 
to  deliver  an  address  on  Biblical  criticism  before 
that  body  in  Philadelphia  in  November,  1890.  and 
this  hastened  his  trial  and  conviction  in  January, 
1891.  He  served  out  the  six  months'  suspension 
required  by  the  sentence  of  the  ecclesiastical 
court  and  then  asked  the  bishop  to  restore  him  to 
the  ministry.  The  bishop  availed  himself  of  a 
canonical  technicality  which  enabled  him  to 
change  the  sentence  to  an  indefinite  suspension 
and  Mr.  MacQueary  thereupon  renounced  the 
ministry  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal  church  and 
was  formally  deposed  by  Bishop  Leonard  in 
Cleveland,  Ohio,  Sept.  25.  1891.  He  entered  the 
Universalist  ministry  and  became  pastor  of  tin; 
First  Universalist  church.  Saginaw,  Mich.,  in 
1891,  and  of  the  Second  Universalist  church, 
Minneapolis,  Minn.  Jan.  1,  1896.  While  here 


McQUEEN 


he  attended  the  University  of  Minnesota,  receiv 
ing  the  degrees  of  A.B.,  1897.  and  A.M.,  1898. 
He  finally  resigned  from  the  Universalist  min 
istry  and  engaged  in  sociological  and  educational 
work.  He  founded  "  Unity  House  Social  Settle 
ment."  the  first  social  settlement  in  Minneapolis 
in  1897,  a. ml  presided  over  it  as  head  resident  for 
two  years.  In  1899  he  taught  in  the  boys'  acad 
emy  in  Minneapolis  :  in  1900  he  was  elected  vice- 
president  and  professor  of  history  and  Latin  in  the 
Northwestern  Military  academy,  Highland  Park, 
111.,  and  on  July  1,  1900,  lie  was  elected  superin 
tendent  of  the  Chicago  Parental  school,  Chicago. 
111.,  an  institution  for  the  education  and  refor 
mation  of  habitual  truants,  established  by  the 
•Chicago  board  of  education  under  a  special  law 
passed  for  this  purpose.  He  was  married,  Jan. 
14.  1892,  to  Emma  Clarkson,  daughter  of  the 
lion.  John  I.  Harris  of  Ilarrisonburgh,  Va.  He  is 
the  author  of  The  Evolution  of  Man  and  Christ  ian- 
iti/  (1890);  Topics  of  the  Time*  (1891);  The  History 
•of  the  Peiuil  and  Reformatory  Institutions  of 
Illinois,  and  contributions  to  magazines. 

McQUEEN,  John,  representative,  was  born  in 
Robeson  county,  N.C..  in  1808;  son  of  James 
McQueen.  He  received  a  good  education  under 
the  tuition  of  an  elder  brother,  the  Rev.  A.  Mc 
Queen,  a  graduate  of  the  University  of  North 
Carolina,  1812.  He  studied  law.  removed  in  early 
manhood  to  South  Carolina  and  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1828.  He  settled  in  practice  at  Bennetts- 
ville  ;  was  elected  colonel  of  the  state  militia  in 
1833;  brigadier-general  in  1834,  and  major-gen 
eral  in  1835,  resigning  in  184-3.  He  was  a  Demo 
cratic  representative  from  South  Carolina  in  the 
30th  congress  as  successor  to  Alexander  D.  Sims, 
deceased,  and  in  the  31st,-36th  congresses,  serving 
from  Feb.  12,  1849,  to  Dec.  21,  18(50,  when  with 
the  other  representatives  from  his  state  he  re 
signed.  He  was  a  representative  from  South 
Carolina  in  the  Confederate  States  congress,  serv 
ing  from  Feb.  22,  1862,  to  Feb.  21.  18(54.  He  died 
at  Society  Hill,  S.C.,  Sept.  13,  1867. 

McQUILLEN,  John  Hugh,  dentist,  was  born  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Feb.  12,  1826;  son  of  Capt. 
Hugh  and  Martha  (Scattergood)  McQuillen. 
His  maternal  ancestors  came  to  America  with 
'William  Penn,  and  one  of  them,  Thomas  Scatter- 
good,  was  a  celebrated  preacher  of  the  Society  of 
Friends.  He  was  educated  at  the  Friends' schools 
in  Philadelphia  and  was  a  clerk  in  an  importing 
house.  1842-47.  He  entered  upon  the  study  of 
medicine  and  dentistry  in  1847  and  in  1849  began 
to  practice  dentistry  in  Philadelphia.  lie  was 
graduated  at  Jefferson  Medical  school,  M.D..  in 
1852,  and  he  also  received  the  degree  of  D.D.S. 
from  the  Philadelphia  College  of  Dental  Surgery 
in  1853.  in  recognition  of  his  services  to  the  pro 
fession.  He  was  professor  of  operative  dentistry 


and  dental  physiology  in  the  latter  institution, 
1857-02.  In  1803,  with  Drs.  J.  Foster  Flagg,  C.A. 
Kingsbury,  and  T.  Wardle,  and  Prof.  Henry 
Morton,  he  obtained  from  the  legislature  of 
Pennsylvania  a  charter  for  the  Philadelphia  Den 
tal  college,  and  the  college  was  established  and 
lectures  begun  to  a  class  of  eleven  students  in 
the  autumn  of  1863.  Dr.  McQuillen  became  dean 
of  the  college  and  professor  of  dental  physiology 
and  held  the  offices  until  his  death.  He  was  the 
originator  and  president  of  the  American  Dental 
association  ;  president  of  the  Pennsylvania  Dental 
society  and  the  State  Odontological  society,  and 
corresponding  secretary  of  the  biological  and 
microscopical  section  of  the  Philadelphia 
Academy  of  Natural  Sciences.  He  edited  the 
Dental  Cosmos,  1859-71.  He  is  the  author  of 
The  Action  of  Anaesthetics  on  the  Blood-Corpus 
cles,  which  was  printed  in  the  Dental  Cosmos 
and  copied  into  leading  journals  in  the  United 
States  and  Europe.  He  also  contributed  articles 
on  dental  education  and  practice.  He  died  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.,  March  3,  1879. 

McRAE,  John  J.,  senator,  was  born  in  Wayne 
county,  Miss.,  probably  in  1810.  He  was  edu 
cated  as  a  lawyer,  served  in  both  houses  of  the 
state  legislature  and  was  speaker  for  two  ses 
sions.  In  1851,  on  the  resignation  of  U.S.  Senator 
Jefferson  Davis  to  become  candidate  for  govern 
or,  he  was  appointed  to  fill  out  the  term  expir 
ing  March  3,  1852.  He  was  governor  of  Miss 
issippi,  1854-58,  Democratic  representative  in  the 
35th  congress,  to  fill  out  the  unexpired  term  of 
John  A.  Quitman,  who  died  in  July,  1858,  and 
in  the  36th  congress,  serving  1858-61.  He  re 
signed,  Jan.  12,  1861,  to  take  part  in  organizing 
a  Confederate  government.  He  served  as  a  rep 
resentative  in  the  Confederate  States  congress, 
from  February,  1862,  to  February,  1864.  He 
emigrated  to  British  Honduras  in  1865,  where  he 
remained  until  his  death  at  Balize,  May  30,  1868. 

McRAE,  Thomas  Chipman,  representative, 
wasborn  in  Mount  Holly,  Ark..  Dec.  21,  1851  ;  sou 
of  Duncan  L.  and  Mary  A.  Chipman  (McRae)and 
grandson  of  Thomas  W.  Chipman.  He  at 
tended  the  private  schools  at  Shady  Grove, 
Mount  Holly  and  Falcon,  Ark.,  and  worked  on  a 
farm,  and  in  a  wholesale  mercantile  house  at 
Shreveport,  La.  He  was  graduated  from  Soule 
business  college,  New  Orleaiis,  La.,  in  1870,  and 
Washington  and  Lee  university,  Lexington,  Va., 
LL.B.,  1872.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
Rosston,  Ark.,  in  1873;  was  a  representative  in 
the  state  legislature  in  1877,  and  when  the  county 
seat  was  changed  to  Prescott  he  removed  his  law 
practice  there  in  1877.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
town  council  in  1879  ;  a  presidential  elector  on 
the  Hancock  and  English  ticket  in  1880  ;  chair 
man  of  the  Democratic  state  convention  in  1884  ; 


[311] 


McROBERTS 


McTYEIRE 


a  delegate  to  the  Democratic  national  conven 
tion  at  Chicago,  July  8,  1884,  and  was  a  member 
of  the  Democratic  national  committee,  1896- 
1900.  He  was  a  representative  from  the  third  dis 
trict  of  Arkansas  in  the  49tli-57th  congresses,  1885- 
1903,  and  for  four  years  was  chairman  of  the 
committee  on  public  lands. 

McROBERTS,  Samuel,  senator,  was  born  in 
Monroe  county,  111.,  April  12,  1799  ;  son  of  James 
McRoberts,  a  farmer.  He  received  a  good  English 
education  from  a  private  tutor  and  in  1819  was 
appointed  clerk  of  the  circuit  court  of  Monroe 
county.  He  entered  the  law  department  of 
Transylvania  university,  at  Lexington,  Ky.,  in 
1821,  and  after  attending  three  full  courses  of 
lectures  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  and  settled 
in  practice  at  Danville,  111.  He  was  elected  by 
the  Illinois  legislature  one  of  the  five  circuit 
judges  of  the  state  in  1824;  was  elected  as  a 
Democrat  to  the  state  senate  in  1828  ;  was  U.S. 
district  attorney  for  Illinois,  1830-42  ;  receiver  of 
the  public  moneys  at  the  Danville  land  office, 
1832-39  ;  and  solicitor  of  the  general  land  office  at 
Washington,  111.,  1839-41.  He  was  elected  to  the 
U.S.  senate,  Dec.  16,  1840,  for  the  term  expir 
ing  March  3,  1847,  and  took  his  seat,  May  31,  1841. 
He  died  at  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  on  his  way  home 
from  Washington,  D.C.,  March  27,  1843. 

McSHERRY,  James,  author,  was  born  in 
Frederick  county,  Md.,  July  29,  1819;  son  of 
James  and  AnneRidgely  (Sappington)  McSherry, 
and  grandson  of  Patrick  and  Catharine  (Gart- 
land)  McSherry.  Patrick  McSherry  came  from 
Ireland  in  1745,  settled  in  Lancaster  county,  Pa., 
and  during  the  Revolution  was  chairman  of 
the  committee  of  safety  of  York  county,  Pa. 
James  McSherry,  Sr.,  was  a  representative  in 
the  17th  congress  from  Petersburg,  Pa.,  1821-23. 
James  McSherry,  Jr.,  was  graduated  from  Mount 
St.  Mary's  college, Emmitsburg,  Md.,  in  1838  ;  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1840  and  settled  in  practice 
in  Gettysburg,  Pa.  He  returned  to  Maryland  in 
1841,  and  practiced  in  Frederick  City,  1841-69. 
He  was  a  contributor  to  the  United  States  Cath 
olic  Magazine,  and  author  of  :  History  of  Mary 
land,  in.i.'^lS.'^  (1849);  Pi>re  Jean,  or  the  Jesuit 
Missionary  (1849);  and  WiUitoft,  or  the  Days  of 
James  the  First,  a  Tale  (1851).  He  died  in  Fred 
erick  county.  Md.,  July  13,  1809. 

McSHERRY,  Richard,  physician,  was  born  in 
Martinsburg,  Va.,  Nov.  21,  1817  ;  son  of  Dr.  Rich 
ard  McSlierry,  a  graduate  of  the  University  of 
Pennsylvania  Medical  school,  and  a  successful 
practitioner  in  Virginia  for  over  fifty  years.  He 
was  educated  at  Georgetown  college,  D.C.,  and 
the  University  of  Maryland,  and  was  graduated 
from  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  M.D.  in 
1841.  He  was  appointed  assistant  surgeon  in  the 
medical  corps  of  the  U.S.  army,  Aug.  21,  1838; 


served  under  General  Taylor  in  the  Seminole 
war,  and  resigned  his  commission,  April  30,  1840. 
He  was  married  in  1842  to  a  daughter  of  Robert 
Wilson,  a  prominent  Baltimore  lawyer.  He  was 
assistant  surgeon  in  the  U.S.  navy,  1843-56.  He 
practised  in  Baltimore,  Md.,  1856-83;  was  pro 
fessor  of  materia  medica  in  the  University  of 
Maryland,  1862-65  ;  and  of  the  principles  and  prac 
tice  of  medicine  there,  1865-85.  He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  medico-chirurgical  faculty  of  Maryland, 
vice-president  of  that  body  in  1870,  and  president 
in  1883  ;  one  of  the  founders  and  first  president 
of  the  Baltimore  Academy  of  Medicine,  and 
president  of  the  Maryland  state  board  of  health. 
He  contributed  to  the  leading  medical  journals 
and  is  the  author  of  :  El  Ptichero,  or  a  Mixed  Dish 
from  Mexico  (1850);  Essays  (1869);  and  Health 
and  lion'  to  Promote  it  (1883).  He  died  in 
Baltimore,  Md.,  Oct.  7,  1885. 

McSWEENEY,  Miles  Benjamin,  governor  of 
South  Carolina,  was  born  in  Charleston,  S.C., 
April  18,  1855  ;  son  of  Miles  and  Mary  McSweeney. 
His  father  died  of  yellow  fever  in  1859  and  he 
was  obliged  to  work  as  a  newsboy  and  later  as 
a  clerk  in  a  book  store.  He  attended  evening 
school  and  was  employed  as  a  printer  in  news 
paper  and  job  printing  offices  in  Charleston  and 
Columbia.  He  won  the  scholarship  of  the  Wash 
ington  and  Lee  university,  to  be  awarded  to  the 
most  deserving  young  man  belonging  to  the 
Charleston  Typographical  union,  but  lack  of 
means  obliged  him  to  discontinue  the  course 
after  attending  part  of  a  session.  He  removed 
to  Abbeville  county,  S.< '.,  and  published  the  Nine 
ty-Six  Guardian  until  1879,  when  he  established 
the  Hampton  Count;/  Guardian.  He  was  presi 
dent  of  the  Columbia  Typographical  union  ; 
chairman  of  the  county  Democracy,  188-1-94  ;  a 
representative  in  the  state  legislature  in  1894 
where  he  was  chairman  of  the  committee  on  mili 
tary  ;  delegate  to  the  Democratic  national  con 
vention  of  1888,  1896  and  1900  :  of  the  state  Dem 
ocratic  executive  committee  for  several  years  ; 
president  of  the  South  Carolina  Press  association 
for  eight  years  ;  trustee  of  South  Carolina  college 
and  a  member  of  the  staffs  of  Generals  Stokes 
and  Moore  of  the  South  Carolina  militia,  with 
the  rank  of  lieutenant-colonel.  He  was  elected 
lieutenant-governor  of  the  state  in  1896  and  1898, 
and  upon  the  death  of  Gov.  William  H.  Ellerbe 
in  June,  1899,  he  succeeded  to  the  governorship 
and  was  elected  to  the  office  in  1900  over  four 
opponents. 

McTYEIRE,  Holland  Nimmons,  M.E.  bishop, 
was  born  in  Barn  well  district.  S.C..  July  28, 1824. 
His  parents  removed  to  Alabama  where  he  was 
prepared  for  college.  He  was  graduated  from 
Randolph-Macon  college,  Va..  in  1814;  was  tutor 
in  mathematics  and  ancient  languages  there, 


McVAY 


McVEY 


1844-45  ;  was  admitted  on  trial  to  the  Vir 
ginia  conference  in  November  1845,  and  was  sta 
tioned  at  Williamsburg.  In  1846  he  was  trans 
ferred  to  the  Alabama  conference,  and  was  pas 
tor  of  the  St.  Francis  Street  church,  Mobile,  Ala., 

in  1846 ;  was  pastor 
at  Dernopolis,  Ala., 
1847  ;  Columbus, 

Miss.,  1848  ;  and  New 
Orleans,  La.,  1848-58, 
where  he  had  for 
the  most  part  negro 
congregations.  He 
became  editor  of  the 
New  Orleans  CJtris- 
tian  Advocate  in  1851, 
and  of  the  Nashville, 
Tenn.,  Christian  Ad 
vocate  in  1858.  suc 
ceeding  John  B.  Mc- 
Ferrin,  who  was 
made  agent  of  the 

Methodist  book  concern.  He  was  transferred 
to  the  Montgomery  conference  during  the  civil 
war  and  served  as  pastor  of  the  church  in 
Montgomery,  Ala.  He  was  one  of  the  four 
bishops  elected  in  1806  on  the  retirement  of 
Bishops  Soule,  Andrew  and  Early  and  in  1873  be 
came  president  of  the  board  of  trust  for  the  erec 
tion  of  Vanderbilt  university  by  the  terms  of  the 
first  gift  of  Cornelius  Vanderbilt  of  $500.000, 
which  Bishop  McTyeire  had  been  influential  in 
securing.  He  introduced  the  motion  that  re 
sulted  in  the  provision  for  lay  delegates  in  the 
Southern  conference  in  1866,  and  was  vice-presi 
dent  of  the  Western  section  of  American  Metho 
dism  in  the  oecumenical  conference  in  1881.  He 
received  the  honorary  degrees  of  A.M.  and  D.D. 
He  is  the  author  of  :  Duties  of  Christian  Masters 
(1851);  Catechism  on  Church  Government  (1869); 
Catechism  on  Bible  History  (1869);  Manual  of 
Discipline  (1870);  History  of  Methodism  (1887). 
He  died  in  Nashville,  Tenn.,  Feb.  15,  1889. 

McVAY,  Hugh,  governor  of  Alabama,  was 
born  in  South  Carolina,  in  1788.  His  father  was 
a  soldier  in  the  Revolutionary  army  and  a  farm 
er.  Hugh  received  a  limited  education,  aiul  in 
1807  removed  to  Mississippi  territory  and  settled 
in  Madison  as  a  planter.  He  represented  Mad 
ison  county  in  the  territorial  legislature,  1811-18, 
and  in  1818  on  the  formation  of  Alabama  terri 
tory  he  removed  to  Lauderdale  county,  and  in 
1819  represented  that  county  in  the  convention 
at  Huntsville,  Ala.,  that  framed  the  state  consti 
tution.  He  was  a  representative  in  the  Alabama 
legislature,  1820-25  ;  a  state  senator,  1825-37,  and 
1838-44  ;  and  was  elected  president  by  the  state 
senate  in  1836,  defeating  Samuel  B.  Moore  by  one 
vote.  He  became  governor  of  Alabama,  ex 


offlcio,  on  the  resignation  of  Governor  Clement  C. 
Clay, who  was  elected  to  the  U.S.  senate  in  June, 
1837,  and  was  relieved  of  his  duties  in  the  follow 
ing  December,  when  Governor  Bagby  was  inaug 
urated.  He  married  Miss  Hawks  of  South  Caro 
lina.  He  died  in  Lauderdale  county,  Ala., in  1851. 

MacVEAQH,  Wayne,  cabinet  officer,  was 
born  near  Phoanixville,  Pa.,  April  19,  1833.  He 
was  graduated  from  Yale  in  1853,  and  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  Pennsylvania  bar  in  1856.  He 
settled  in  practice  in  Westchester ;  was  district 
attorney  for  Chester 
county,  Pa.,  1859-62; 
and  was  chairman  of 
the  Republican  state 
committee  in  1863. 
He  served  as  captain 
in  the  emergency  in 
fantry  in  1863  and  as 
major  in  the  cavalry 
in  1863,  and  on  the 
staff  of  General 
Couch.  He  was  U.S. 
minister  to  Turkey 
by  appointment  of 
President  Grant,  1870 
-71  ;  and  a  delegate 
to  the  Pennsylvania 

constitutional  convention  of  1873.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  commission  sent  to  Louisiana 
by  President  Hayes  in  April,  1877,  to  endeavor 
amicably  to  adjust  the  disputes  of  the  con 
flicting  state  governments  in  the  state  and 
secured  the  withdrawal  of  the  U.S.  troops  from 
New  Orleans  and  the  restoration  of  peace.  He 
was  attorney-general  in  the  cabinet  of  President 
Garfield,  March  4  to  Sept.  19,  1881,  when  he  re 
signed  to  resume  the  practice  of  law  in  Phila 
delphia.  He  was  an  Independent  Republican 
until  1892,  when  he  supported  Grover  Cleveland 
for  the  presidency.  He  was  U.S.  ambassador  to 
Italy,  1893-97,  by  appointment  of  President 
Cleveland,  and  resigned  March  1,  1897,  resuming 
the  practice  of  law  in  Washington,  D.C.  He 
was  for  many  years  chairman  of  the  Civil  Service 
Reform  association  of  Philadelphia,  and  of  the 
Indian  Rights  association  of  the  same  city.  He 
received  the  honorary  degree  of  LL.D.  from 
Amlierst  in  1881,  from  the  University  of 
Pennsylvania  in  1897,  and  from  Harvard  univer 
sity  in  1901. 

McVEY,  Frank  Le  Rond,  economist,  was  born 
in  Wilmington,  Ohio,  Nov.  10,  1869  ;  son  of  Al 
fred  Henry  and  Anna  (Holmes)  McVey  ;  grand 
son  of  Edmund  and  Mary  (Eastlack)  McVey  and 
of  William  and  Mary  (Cowgill)  Holmes,  and  a 
descendant  of  John  McVey  who  settled  in  Penn 
sylvania  in  1856  ;  and  of  Obediah  Holmes,  who 
settled  in  MassucJiut-ettt;  in  1032.  He  attended 


[313] 


MAC-VICAR 


McVICKAR 


the  public  schools  at  Toledo,  Ohio,  and  DesMoines, 
Iowa,  and  was  a  student  at  Des  Moines  college, 
1885-89.  He  was  graduated  from  Ohio  Wesleyau 
university,  A.B.,  1893.  The  degree  of  Ph.D. 
was  conferred  on  him  by  Yale  university  in  1895. 
after  two  years  of  graduate  work  in  that  institu 
tion.  He  was  principal  of  the  high  school  at 
Orient,  Iowa,  in  1891  :  an  editor  in  New  York  in 
1895  ;  instructor  in  history  in  the  Teachers'  col 
lege  of  Columbia  university,  New  York  city, 
1896;  instructor  in  economics  in  the  University 
of  Minnesota  in  1896,  assistant  professor  in  1898 
and  professor  in  1900.  He  was  elected  a  member 
of  the  American  Economic  association  in  1895, 
and  of  the  American  Academy  of  Political  and 
Social  Science  in  1898.  He  was  married,  Sept. 
21,  1898,  to  Mabel  Moore  Sawyer.  He  is  the 
author  of :  Populist  Movement  (1896):  Handbook 
of  Minnesota  (1898);  History  and  the  Civil  Gov 
ernment  of  Minnesota  (1900),  and  many  articles 
and  notes  in  the  economic  periodicals. 

MacVICAR,  Malcolm,  educator,  was  born  in 
Dunglass,  Argyllshire,  Scotland,  Sept.  30,  1829  ; 
son  of  John  and  Janet  (MacTavish)  MacVicar, 
who  immigrated  from  Scotland  and  settled  on  a 
farm  near  Chatham  in  Kent  county.  Upper  Can 
ada  in  1835.  His  preparatory  education  was  ob 
tained  in  common  schools  and  from  private  tutors, 
and  he  entered  Knox  college,  Toronto,  in  1850.  He 
intended  to  prepare  for  the  Presbyterian  ministry, 
but  became  a  Baptist  in  1853,  and  was  ordained 
a  Baptist  minister  in  1856.  He  engaged  in  teach 
ing  and  fitting  young  men  for  college  and  after 
completing  his  senior  college  year  in  1858-59  in 
the  University  of  Rochester,  he  was  graduated 
A.B.,  1859.  He  was  professor  of  mathematics  in 
Brockport  Collegiate  institute,  1859-63,  with  the 
exception  of  one  year  as  mathematical  master  of 
the  Central  high  school,  Buffalo.  N.Y.  He  was 
associate  principal  of  Brockport  Collegiate  Insti 
tute,  1862-64,  and  principal,  1864-67.  He  was 
also  principal  of  the  State  normal  school,  Brock- 
port,  N.Y. ,  1867-68,  which  was  one  of  four  nor 
mal  schools  established  through  his  efforts  in  the 
state  of  New  York.  He  resigned  on  account  of 
ill  health  and  accepted  the  position  of  superin 
tendent  of  public  schools  in  Leaven  worth.  Kan., 
1868-69.  His  health  being  restored  lie  returned 
to  the  state  of  New  York,  and  was  principal  of 
the  State  Normal  school  at  Potsdam,  N.Y.,  1869- 
80,  and  of  the  State  Normal  school  at  Ypsilanti, 
Mich.,  1880-81.  He  was  professor  of  apologetics 
and  Biblical  interpretation  in  English  in  the  Bap 
tist  college,  Toronto,  Canada.  1881-87.  He  was 
the  first  chancellor  of  McMaster  university, 
Toronto,  Canada.  18^7-90  ;  was  superintendent  of 
education  of  the  American  Baptist  Home  Mission 
society,  1890-1900,  and  in  1900  became  presi 
dent  of  Virginia  Union  university,  Richmond, 


Va.  He  received  the  honorary  degree  of  Ph.D. 
in  1869  from  the  University  of  the  State  of  New 
York,  and  that  of  LL.D.  from  the  University  of 
Rochester  in  1870.  He  invented  the  MacVicar 
tellurian  globe  and  other  important  devices  to 
illustrate  principles  in  astronomy  and  various 
mathematical  subjects.  He  is  the  author  of  a 
Manual  on  the  Principles  of  Education  (18Q3),  and 
of  a  text  books  on  mathematics. 

McVICAR,  Peter,  educator,  was  born  in  St. 
George,  N.B.,  June  15,  1S20  ;  son  of  George  and 
Christiana  (McVicar)  Me  Vicar,  and  grandson  of 
Angus  and  Christiana  (McVicar)  McVicar  and  of 
Peter  McVicar.  H?  was  graduated  from  Beloit 
college,  Wis.,  A.B.,  1856,  A.M.,  1859.  and  from 
Andover  Theological  seminary  in  1860.  He  was 
married,  Sept.  10,  1863,  to  Martha  Porter  Dana. 
He  was  pastor  of  the  First  Congregational  church 
at  Topeka.  Kan..  1860-67  ;  was  superintendent  of 
public  instruction  for  the  state  of  Kansas,  1867- 
71  ;  president  of  Washburn  college,  Topeka.  1871- 
96,  and  president  emeritus  after  1896.  The  honor 
ary  degree  of  D.D.  was  conferred  on  him  by  Be 
loit  college  in  February,  1871.  He  was  a  member 
of  numerous  scientific  and  educational  societies. 

McVICKAR,  John,  educator,  was  born  in  New 
York  city,  Aug.  10,  1787  ;  son  of  a  wealthy  New 
York  merchant.  He  was  graduated  from  Colum 
bia  college  in  1804  ;  resided  for  several  j-ears  in 
England  ;  was  ordered  deacon  in  the  Protestant 
Episcopal  church  in  1810,  and  ordained  priest  in 
1811.  He  was  rector  of  St.  James'  church  at 
Hyde  Park,  N.Y.,  1N11-17;  professor  of  moral 
philosophy  at  Columbia  college,  J817-18  ;  of  moral 
and  intellectual  philosophy  and  political  economy, 
1818-57  ;  of  the  evidences  of  natural  and  revealed 
religion,  1857-64,  and  emeritus  professor  there, 
1864-68.  He  visited  Sir  Walter  Scott  at  Abbots- 
ford,  England,  in  1830.  He  was  chaplain  to  the 
soldiers  of  the  U.S.  army  stationed  at  Fort  Co 
lumbus,  Governor's  Island,  N.Y.,  1844-62  ;  super 
intendent  of  the  Society  for  Promoting  Religion 
and  Learning  in  New  York,  and  was  influential 
in  securing  the  establishment  of  St.  Stephen's 
college  at  Annandale,  N.Y.  He  received  from 
Columbia  the  degree  of  A.M.  in  1818,  and  that  of 
S.T.D.  in  1825.  He  was  married  to  a  daughter 
of  Dr.  Samuel  Bard,  one  of  the  founders  of  the 
New  York  city  hospital,  and  their  son,  William 
Augustus.  A.M..  S.T.D.  (born  April  24,  1827; 
died  Sept.  24.  1S77),  was  a  priest  in  the  Protestant 
Episcopal  church  and  author  of  "  Life  of  John 
McVicar"  (18:2).  Dr.  John  McVicar  isthe  author 
of  :  Narrative  of  the  Life  of  Dr.  Samuel  Bard 
(1822):  First  Lessons  in  Political  Economy  (1825); 
Memoirs  of  the  Ret:  Edmund  D.  Griffin  (1831); 
Early  Years  of  Bishoj)  Ifobart  (1834);  Professional 
Years  of  Bishop  Hobart  (1836),  essays  and  ad 
dresses.  He  died  in  New  York  city,  Oct.  29,  1868. 


[314] 


McVICKAR 


McWADE 


McVICKAR,  William  Neilson,  bishop  coad 
jutor  of  Rhode  Island  and  185th  in  succession  in  the 
American  episcopate,  was  born  in  New  York  city, 
Oct.  19,  1843  ;  son  of  Dr.  John  A.  and  Charlotte 
(Neilson)  McVickar  ;  grandson  of  James  McVickar 

and  of  William  Neil- 
son,  and  a  descend 
ant  of  John  Mc 
Vickar,  merchant, 
who  came  to  America 
at  the  end  of  the 
eighteenth  century. 
He  was  graduated  at 
Columbia,  A.B.,  1865, 
A.M.,  1868,  and  at  the 
General  Theological 
seminary,  New  York 
city,  in  1868.  He 
was  ordered  deacon 
in  1867,  and  ordained 
priest  in  1868.  He 
was  rector  of  Holy 

Trinity  church,  125th  street,  New  York  city, 
1868-75,  and  rector  of  Holy  Trinity  parish, 
Philadelphia,  Pa.,  as  successor  to  the  Rev. 
Thomas  Augustus  Jaggar,  elected  bishop  of 
southern  Ohio,  1875-97.  He  was  deputy  to  the 
general  convention  from  1883.  On  Oct.  19,  1897, 
at  a  special  session  of  the  diocesan  convention  of 
Rhode  Island  held  in  Providence,  he  was  elected 
bishop  coadjutor  of  that  diocese  with  right  of 
succession  to  the  Rt.  Rev.  Thomas  March  Clark, 
first  bishop  of  Rhode  Island.  He  was  consecrated 
.at  Holy  Trinity  church,  Philadelphia,  Jan.  27, 
1898,  by  Bishops  Doane,  Whitaker,  Jaggar,  Potter, 
Randolph  and  Lawrence,  and  took  up  his  resi 
dence  in  Providence,  R.I.  He  received  the  honor 
ary  degree  of  D.D.  from  Kenyon  in  1885  and 
from  the  University  of  Pennsylvania  in  1898,  and 
that  of  S.T.D.  from  Columbia  in  1898. 

McWADE,  Robert  Malachi,  humanitarian  and 
journalist,  was  born  in  Belfast,  county  Antrim, 
Ireland,  Dec.  25,  1857 ;  son  of  James  D.  and 
Susanna  (Rae)  McVVade.  His  father  was  a 
Roman  Catholic  and  his  mother  a  Scotch  Presby 
terian.  Robert  was  educated  for  the  priesthood 
at  St.  Malachi's  diocesan  seminary  and  at  St. 
Aloysius  college,  Glasgow,  but  did  not  graduate, 
as  he  was  stricken  with  illness  and  his  father 
sent  him  to  America.  On  his  return  lie  resumed 
his  philosophical  and  theological  studies.  He 
returned  to  America  a  second  time,  having  on 
his  first  visit  formally  declared  his  intention  of 
becoming  an  American  citizen,  and  while  in 
Philadelphia  decided  to  enter  journalism.  Re 
turning  home  he  was  married  in  1871  to  Rosina 
Lenox  and  with  his  wife  settled  in  Philadelphia 
in  1872,  where  he  wrote  for  the  Chicago  Tribune, 
the  Chicago  Times  and  for  trade  papers  in  Boston. 

[315] 


and  in  1874  became  city  editor  of  the  Press.  He 
was  successively  reporter,  night  city  editor  arid 
city  editor  of  the  Public  Ledger,  retiring  in  1899. 
He  published  the  Evening  and  Sunday  Leader  in 
Philadelphia,  and  in  1888  founded  in  Wayne,  Pa., 
where  he  resided, 
the  Delaware  County 
Citizen.  He  identi 
fied  himself  with 
Irish-American  or 
ganizations  and  in 
1879  helped  to  form 
the  Citizens1  Irish 
Famine  Relief  com 
mittee  of  which  John 
Wanamaker  was  pres 
ident  and  Mr.  Mc- 
Wade  secretary.  He 
also  organized  in  1879 
the  Citizens'  Perma 
nent  Relief  commit 
tee  of  Philadelphia,  of 

which  lie  was  then  elected  permanent  vice-presi 
dent.  He  was  a  leader  of  the  Irish  National 
League  of  America,  and  a  delegate  to  the  Phila 
delphia  national  convention  in  1883  when  the 
league  was  formed,  and  president  of  the  munici 
pal  council  of  the  league  in  Philadelphia.  He  in 
augurated  the  Parliamentary  fund  in  1885  ;  the 
Parnell  Defence  fund  ;  visited  the  yellow-fever 
districts  of  the  south  in  1878  ;  the  Ohio  valley 
after  the  floods  of  1884,  and  Charleston,  S.C.,  after 
the  earthquake  of  1886,  as  a  member  of  the 
Citizens'  Relief  committee,  and  raised  funds  for 
the  Johnstown  flood  sufferers  in  1889.  He  was 
president  of  the  Siberian  Exile  relief  association 
in  1890  ;  a  member  of  the  Red  Cross  society,  and 
in  1892  he  organized  the  movement  in  Philadel 
phia  that  led  to  sending  two  ships  with  provisions 
and  $150,000  in  money  to  the  starving  peasants 
of  Russia.  He  was  prominent  in  the  councils  of 
various  patriotic,  trade  and  social  societies  in 
Philadelphia,  of  the  Philadelphia  board  of  trade, 
the  Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania,  the 
American  Association  for  the  Advancement  of 
Social  Science,  the  Pennsylvania  Editorial  as 
sociation,  the  National  Association  of  American 
Manufacturers,  and  the  Pennsylvania  Horticul 
tural  society.  He  studied  medicine  at  the 
Jefferson  Medical  college,  and  was  editor  of  the 
Medical  Bulletin  of  Philadelphia.  He  was  presi 
dent  of  the  Universal  Automatic  Fire  Extinguish 
er  company,  1894-1900.  In  1900  he  was  appointed 
U.S.  consul  at  Canton,  China  ;  and  in  1901  he 
was  elected  to  membership  in  the  Hong  Kong 
and  Canton  (China)  clubs,  and  president  of  the 
Five  o'clock  club,  of  Kwangtung,  China,  com 
posed  of  Chinese  dignitaries,  lie  being  the  only 
white  man  in  the  organization.  He  is  the  author 


McWHORTEK 


MACY 


of  a  brochure  on  the  typhoid  epidemic  at  Ply 
mouth,  Pa.,  translations  of  Demosthenes'  DC  Cor 
ona  and  Virgil's  ^Eueid  ;  a  life  of  Charles  Stew 
art  Parnell  entitled  The  Uncrowned  King  (1891); 
and  with  T.  P.  O'Connor,  M.P.,  The  Great  Irish 
Struggle  (1888). 

McWHORTER,  Alexander,  clergyman,  was 
born  in  Newcastle,  Del.,  July  26,  1734;  son  of 
Hugh  and  Jane  McWhorter.  His  parents,  whose 
ancestors  were  Scotch,  emigrated  from  county 
Armagh,  Ireland,  where  his  father  was  a  linen 
merchant,  and  settled  in  Newcastle  county,  Del., 
in  1730.  Soon  after  her  husband's  death  in  1748 
his  mother  removed  to  North  Carolina,  where 
three  of  her  sons  resided.  In  1751  Alexander 
returned  to  Delaware,  and  attended  school  at 
Newark,  Del.,  1751-54,  and  at  West  Nottingham, 
Pa.,  1754-50.  He  was  graduated  from  the  College 
of  New  Jersey,  A.B.,  1757,  A.M.,  1760;  studied 
theology  under  the  Rev.  William  Tennent  of 
Freehold,  N.J.,  and  was  licensed  to  preach  by  the 
Presbytery  of  New  Brunswick,  Aug.  3,  1758.  He 
was  married  in  October,  1758,  to  Mary,  daughter 
of  Robert  Gumming  of  Freehold,  N.J.,  high 
sheriff  of  Monmouth  county.  He  was  ordained 
by  the  presbytery  of  Cranberry,  July  4, 1859,  and 
became  pastor  of  the  church  in  Newark,  N.J. 
He  was  a  missionary  in  North  Carolina,  1764-66  ; 
and  again  pastor  in  Newark,  N.J. ,  1766-79.  In 

1775  he  was  appointed  by  congress  to  visit  the 
western  district  of  North  Carolina  and  persuade 
the   Royalists   to   join  the  American  cause.     In 

1776  he  visited  General  Washington  in  his  camp 
opposite  Trenton,  to  devise  measures  for  the  pro 
tection  of  the  state,  and  was  present  on  Dec.  26, 
1776,  when  the  American  troops  crossed  the  Del 
aware  and  captured  the  Hessians.     He  was  chap 
lain  of  General  Knox's  brigade  for  a  few  months 
in  1778,  and  in   October,  1779,  dissolved  his  pas 
toral  relations  with  the  church  at  Newark,  N.J. 
He   became  pastor   of   the  church    at  Charlotte, 
N.C.,    and   president   of    Charlotte   academy  in 
1779,   and   had  just   settled    himself  and  family 
when  the  army  of  Cornwallis  entered  the  place 
and  forced  him  to  leave.     He    lost    his    library 
and  furniture  and  after  spending  the  winter  of 
1780-81    in   Abington,   Pa.,   was   recalled  to   the 
church  at  Newark,  N.J. ,  and  was  acting  pastor 
until  his  death.     He  declined  the  presidency  of 
Washington    academy,    Md.,  in    1783.     He   was 
active  in  settling  the  "  Confession  of  Faith  "  and 
forming  the    constitution   of    the    Presbyterian 
church  of  the  United  States  in  1788,  and  was  a 
member  of  the  board  of  trustees  of  the  general 
assembly  of  that  church,  1799-1803.     In  1802  he 
solicited   contributions   in   New   England  to  the 
building  fund  of  the  College  of  New  Jersey,  which 
was  destroyed  by  fire  in  that  year,  and  he  was  a 
trustee  of    that  institution,    1772-1807.     He   re- 

[310] 


ceived  the  honorary  degree  of  D.D.  from.  Yale  in 
1776.  He  published  a  Sermon  on  the  Blessedness 
of  the  Liberal  (1796);  a  Century  Sermon  describ 
ing  the  progress  of  Newark,  N.J. (1800),  and  Ser 
mons  (2  vols.,  1803).  He  died  in  Newark,  N.J., 
July  20,  1807. 

McWILLlB,  William,  governor  of  Mississippi,. 
was  born  in  Kershaw  districts,  S.C.,  Nov.  17, 
1795  ;  son  of  Col.  Adam  McWillie.  He  was  pre 
pared  for  college  when  the  war  of  1812  was  de 
clared,  and  he  joined  his  father's  regiment  of 
state  militia  as  adjutant.  After  the  declaration 
of  peace  he  matriculated  at 
South  Carolina  college,  and 
was  graduated  in  1817.  He 
settled  in  the  practice  of  law , 
in  Camden  in  1818,  and  pur- ' 
chased  a  plantation  in  Missis 
sippi  in  1835.  He  was  married^ 
Dec.  13.  1818,  to  a  daughter  of 
Joseph  Cunningham,  a  planter  of  South  Carolina. 
She  died  in  April,  1827  ;  and  he  married  secondly 
in  March,  1831,  a  daughter  of  Dr.  Edward  H.  An 
derson  of  Camden,  S.C.  He  was  elected  president 
of  the  Camden  bank  in  1836,  and  served  in  both 
branches  of  the  state  legislature  between  1836 
and  1840.  In  1845  he  removed  to  his  plantation 
in  Madison  county.  Miss.,  and  was  a  Democratic 
representative  in  the  31st  congress,  1849-51.  In 
1850  he  was  defeated  for  re-election  by  John  D. 
Freeman,  the  Anti-Compromise  Democratic  can 
didate.  He  was  governor  of  Mississippi,  1858-60. 
He  was  in  favor  of  secession  and  took  an  active 
part  in  the  councils  of  the  state.  He  died  in 
Kirk  wood,  Madison  county,  Miss.,  March  3,  1869. 

MACY,  Jesse,  educator,  was  born  in  Knights- 
town,  Ind.,  June  21,  1842  ;  son  of  William  and 
Phoebe  (Hiatt)  Macy  :  grandson  of  Thaddeus  and 
Catharine  (White)  Macy,  and  of  George  and 
Sarah  (Stanley)  Hiatt,  and  a  descendant  of 
Thomas  Macy  of  Naritucket,  Mass..  who  resided  in 
the  parish  of  Cliilmark,  near  Salisbury,  England, 
married  Sarah  Hopcott,  of  Cliilmark,  and  came 
to  America  about  1635.  He  was  graduated  from 
Iowa  college,  A.B..  1870,  A.M.,  1873;  served  in 
the  U.S.  army  hospital,  1864-65  ;  taught  school, 
1865-70,  and  was  a  tutor  at  Iowa  college,  1870-72. 
He  was  married  in  1872  to  Maude  M.,  daughter  of 
Henry  G.  Little,  a  graduate  of  Oberlin  college  in 
the  class  of  1865.  He  was  principal  of  the  acad 
emy  of  Iowa  college.  1872-83  ;  acting  professor 
of  history  and  political  science  in  the  college  and 
principal  of  the  academy,  1883-85  ;  professor  of 
history  and  political  science,  1885-88;  and  was 
elected  professor  of  constitutional  history  and 
political  economy  in  1888.  He  was  on  leave  of 
absence  travelling  and  studying  in  Europe,  1887- 
88  and  1895-96.  The  honorary  degree  of  LL.D. 
was  conferred  on  him  by  Brown  university  in 


MACY 


MADISON 


1898.  He  is  the  author  of  :  A  Government  Text 
Book  for  Iowa  Schools  (1885);  Institutional  Be 
ginnings  in  a  Western  State  (1880);  Our  Govern 
ment,  How  it  Grew,  What  it  Does  and  Hoiv  it 
Does  it  (1886);  First  Lessons  in  Civil  Government 
(1894);  The  English  Constitution  (1897) :  Political 
Parties  in  the  United  States,  18^j-l8i>l  (1899), 
and  many  articles  in  reviews  and  other  periodi 
cals. 

MACY,  John  B.,  representative,  was  born  in 
Nantucket,  Mass.,  March  26,  1799  ;  son  of  Francis 
and  Elizabeth  (Brown)  Macy  ;  grandson  of  Fran 
cis  and  Judith  (Coffin)  Macy,  and  a  descendant 
of  Thomas  Macy,  the  emigrant.  He  was  married 
to  Mary,  daughter  of  Sylvanus  and  Susan  (Rand) 
Russell  of  Nantucket.  He  removed  to  New 
York  city  in  1826,  and  thence,  in  the  same  year, 
to  Buffalo,  N.Y.,  where  he  had  large  land  inter 
ests.  He  resided  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  1842-45  ; 
was  one  of  the  founders  of  Toledo  and  other 
cities  in  Ohio,  and  in  1845,  having  purchased  land 
in  Wisconsin,  he  removed  to  Fond  du  Lac  in  that 
state,  ami  was  instrumental  in  founding  several 
towns  in  Wisconsin.  He  was  a  representative 
from  Fond  du  Lac  in  the  32d  and  33d  congresses, 
1851-5").  He  was  lost  by  the  burning  of  the 
Niagara  on  Lake  Michigan,  Sept.  24,  1857. 

MACY,  William  Starbuck,  painter,  was  born 
in  New  Bedford,  Mass.,  Sept.  11,  1854;  son  of 
William  Henry  and  Eliza  Jane  (Wordell)  Macy  ; 
grandson  of  Zacheus  and  Rebecca  (Smith)  Macy 
and  of  John  and  Sarah  (Stanton)  Wordell,  and  a 
descendant  of  Thomas  Macy,  the  first  settler  of 
Nantucket.  He  attended  the  public  and  private 
schools  of  New  Bedford,  studied  art  in  the  New 
York  Academy  of  Design,  1870-75  ;  and  at  Munich 
under  Velten,  the  Russian  painter,  1875.  On  his 
return  to  the  United  States  he  opened  a  studio  in 
New  York  city  and  another  in  New  Bedford, 
Mass.  He  was  married,  in  April,  1894,  to  Anne, 
daughter  of  William  and  Jessie  Alexander  of 
Santa  Barbara,  Cal.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
Lotos  club  and  the  Artists'  Fund  society  of  New 
York.  He  exhibited  at  the  Paris  Salon  of  1 877  and 
at  the  Mechanics'  Fair,  Boston,  Mass..  in  1878, 
where  he  received  one  of  the  six  "  A  "  medals  for 
his  landscape  "  Meadows  near  Munich."  He  also 
exhibited  annually  at  the  National  Academy  of 
Design  in  New  York  city.  Among  his  more  im 
portant  pictures  are:  Edge  of  the  Forest  (1881): 
Old  Forest  in  Winter  (1884);  Winter  Sunset 
(1884);  Old  Mill  (1885);  January  in  Bermuda 
(1886). 

MADDOX,  John  W.,  representative,  was  born 
in  Chatooga  county,  Ga.,  June  3,  1848.  He 
attended  the  public  schools,  and  in  1863  en 
listed  in  the  Confederate  army  as  a  private, 
serving  in  the  ranks  throughout  the  remainder 
of  the  civil  war.  lie  studied  law  in  Summer ville, 


Ga.  ;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1877  ;  practised 
in  Summerville,  1877-86,  and  then  removed  to 
Rome,  Ga.  He  was  county  commissioner,  1878- 
80  ;  a  representative  in  the  state  legislature,  1880- 
84  ;  state  senator,  1884-86  ;  judge  of  the  superior 
court,  1886-92,  and  a  Democratic  representative 
from  the  seventh  district  of  Georgia  in  the  53d- 
57th  congresses,  1893-1903. 

MADISON,  Dorothy  (Payne)  Todd,  wife  of 
President  Madison,  was  born  in  North  Carolina, 
May  20,  1767  ;  daughter  of  John  and  Mary  (Coles) 
Payne  and  granddaughter  of  John  and  Hannah 
(Fleming)  Payne,  and  of  William  Coles  of  Coles 
Hill,  Va.  Her  pa 
ternal  grandfather 
emigrated  from  Eng 
land  to  Virginia  early 
in  the  18th  century 
and  her  paternal 
grandmother  was  a 
granddaughter  of  Sir 
Thomas  Fleming,  one 
of  the  pioneer  settlers 
of  Jamestown.  Her 
parents  removed  to 
Philadelphia  while 
Dorothy  was  a  child 
and  joined  the  So 
ciety  of  Friends,  in 
which  faith  she 

was  reared.  She  was  married  in  1786  to  John 
Todd,  a  young  lawyer  of  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  who 
died  in  1789  leaving  her  with  an  infant  son.  She 
made  her  home  with  her  widowed  mother  in 
Philadelphia  and  assisted  her  in  keeping  a  board 
ing  house.  She  was  married  secondly  in  1794  to 
James  Madison,  one  of  her  mother's  boarders,  in 
attendance  as  representative  from  Virginia  in 
the  3d  congress.  The  ceremony  was  performed 
at  4iHarewood,"  Jefferson  county,  Va.,  the  home 
of  her  younger  sister  Lucy,  the  wife  of  George 
Steptoe  Washington.  They  resided  at  "  Mont- 
pelier,"  Mr.  Madison's  summer  home,  until  1805) 
when  he  was  appointed  secretary  of  state  and 
they  removed  to  Washington,  D.C.  Mrs.  Madison 
became  the  centre  of  Washington's  social  circle, 
and  upon  the  election  of  her  husband  as  President 
of  the  United  States,  she  filled  the  position  of 
mistress  of  the  White  House  brilliantly  and  suc 
cessfully.  In  1814  the  British  army  marched 
against  the  national  capital  and  the  President 
and  his  cabinet  fled  to  Virginia,  but  Mrs.  Madison 
remained  at  the  White  House  where  she  packed 
many  important  cabinet  papers  in  to  trunks  which 
were  put  into  a  carriage,  and  as  an  afterthought 
she  removed  Stuart's  portrait  of  Washington 
from  its  frame  and  saw  it  in  a  place  of  safety 
before  leaving.  She  was  rejoined  by  Mr.  Madison 
in  Washington  and  together  they  fled  to  Virginia. 


17] 


MADISON 


MADISON 


A  few  days  later  she  returned  to  Washington, 
where  she  found  her  home  in  ashes.  The  Presi 
dent  followed  the  next  day  and  they  rented  the 
house  called  the  "Octagon"'  owned  by  Colonel 
Taylor,  where  they  resided  until  the  White  House 
\vas  rebuilt.  In  1717,  upon  the  expiration  of 
President  Madison's  second  term,  they  returned  to 
Montpelier,  where  she  lived  in  retirement.  Con 
gress  conferred  on  her  the  franking  privilege  and 
voted  her  a  seat  upon  the  floor  of  the  senate. 
She  removed  to  Washington  one  year  after  her 
husband's  death  and  again  entered  society.  She 
died  in  Washington,  D.C.,  July  12,  1849. 

MADISON,  George,  governor  of  Kentucky, 
was  born  in  Augusta  county,  Va.,  in  17G3  ;  son 
of  John  and  Agatha  (Strother)  Madison,  and 
brother  of  James  Madison,  first  bishop  of  Vir 
ginia.  He  removed  to  Kentucky  when  a  boy  and 
as  early  as  1780  was  a  soldier  in  the  militia  organ 
ized  to  repel  the  attacks  of  the  Indians.  He  led 
a  company  in  the  force  of  General  St.  Clair  and 
in  the  cavalry  force  of  Maj.  John  Adair.  While 
second  in  command  of  a  company  of  mounted 
volunteers  he  was  wounded  Nov.  6,  1702,  near 
Fort  St.  Clair.  His  bravery  and  discipline  gained 
for  him  the  rank  of  major  and  he  served  under 
General  Winchester  in  the  northwestern  army, 
taking  part  in  the  battle  of  Jan.  18,  1813,  near 
Frenchtown.  Four  days  later  he  was  taken 
prisoner  in  the  defeat  on  the  Raisin  river,  and  in 
1814  was  sent  to  Quebec  and  released.  He  re 
turned  to  Kentucky  after  the  close  of  the  war 
and  made  his  home  in  Paris.  He  served  as  audi 
tor  of  public  accounts  for  twenty  years  and  was 
elected  governor  of  Kentucky  in  1816  for  a  term 
of  four  years,  as  successor  to  Isaac  Shelby,  but 
died  soon  after  and  his  term  was  filled  out  by 
Gabriel  Slaughter,  lieutenant-governor.  He  died 
in  Paris,  Ky.,  Oct.  14,  1810. 

MADISON,  James,  first  bishop  of  Virginia  and 
4th  in  succession  in  the  American  episcopate,  was 
born  near  Port  Republic,  Rockingham  (then 
Augusta)  county,  Va..  Aug.  27,  1749;  son  of  John 
and  Agatha  (Strother)  Madison  and  grandson  of 
Capt.  John  Madison,  a  patentee  of  land  in  Glou 
cester  county,  Va.,  between  the  York  and  North 
rivers  on  the  Chesapeake  Buy,  1653,  and  of  Wil 
liam  and  Margaret  (Watts)  Strother.  He  was 
prepared  for  college  at  an  academy  in  Maryland 
and  matriculated  at  the  college  of  William  and 
Mary  in  1768.  He  then  studied  law  with  George 
Wythe  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1770,  but 
soon  after  returned  to  the  college,  where  he  re 
ceived  the  gold  medal  for  proficiency  in  classical 
learning,  July  29,  1772.  He  remained  at  the  col 
lege  continuing  his  theological  studies  and  serv 
ing  as  instructor  in  penmanship,  and  in  May, 
1773,  was  made  professor  of  mathematics.  The 
board  of  visitors  of  the  college  furnished  him 


with  £50  to  pay  his  expenses  to  London,  England, 
where  he  received  orders  as  deacon,  Sept.  29,  and 
as  priest,  Oct.  1,  1775.  Returning  the  same  year 
to  Virginia,  he  resumed  the  chair  of  natural  phil 
osophy  and  in  1777,  when  the  board  of  visitors 
removed  President 
Camm.  he  was  elect 
ed  president  of  the 
College  of  William 
and  Mary  and  served 
in  that  capacity  un 
til  his  death  in  1812. 
Under  his  adminis 
tration  the  chairs  of 
law  and  medicine 
were  created  and  the 
college  assumed  the 
dignity  of  a  univer 
sity  of  which  George 
Washington  was 

made    chancellor    in 
1788,       and      George 

Wythe  professor  of  law  and  Dr.  James  Mc- 
Clurg  professor  of  medicine.  The  elective  sys 
tem  of  study  was  introduced  by  the  advice  of 
Thomas  Jefferson,  a  member  of  the  board  of 
visitors,  and  of  Hugh  Jones,  professor  of  mathe 
matics.  President  Madison  was  the  first  college 
president  in  America  to  introduce  the  study  of 
municipal  law,  and  the  practice  of  elective 
courses  of  study.  The  period  of  the  Revolutionary 
war  saw  the  college  deprived  of  state  aid,  and 
except  a  small  income  from  crown  lands  the 
institution  depended  entirely  on  the  fees  of  the 
students.  President  Madison  was  a  pronounced 
patriot  and  supported  the  cause  of  the  Revolution 
ists  with  zeal,  and  in  the  transition  of  the  church 
from  the  old  establishment  to  the  new  he  labored 
to  remove  the  odium  that  the  rupture  with  the 
mother  church  had  created.  At  the  close  of  the 
Revolution  he  was  president  of  the  first  conven 
tion  of  the  Episcopal  church  in  Virginia,  May  1, 
1785.  He  was  elected  the  first  bishop  of  the 
American  church  in  Virginia  in  1790,  becoming 
the  fourth  in  succession  in  the  United  States, 
Bishop  Seabury  having  been  placed  over  the 
churches  in  Connecticut  in  1784  and  Bishops 
White  and  Provoost  over  the  churches  in  Penn 
sylvania  and  New  York,  respectively,  in  1787. 
He  was  consecrated  in  the  chapel  of  Lambeth 
palace,  London,  England,  by  the  Archbishop  of 
Canterbury,  assisted  by  Bishop  Porteous  of  Lon 
don  and  Bishop  Thomas  of  Rochester,  Sept.  19, 
1790.  He  continued  to  perform  the  duties  as 
president  of  the  college  in  addition  to  his  over 
sight  of  the  churches  of  his  diocese  for  twenty- 
two  years.  At  his  death  the  Rev.  John  Brocken 
was  elected  his  successor  as  president  and  bishop, 
but  declined  to  accept  the  bishopric  and  the 


// 


MADISON 


MADISON 


Rev.  Richard  Charming  Moore  was  consecrated. 
Dr.  Madison  was  married  in  1779  to  Sarah  Tate, 
granddaughter  of  Secretary  William  Cocke,  and 
they  had  two  children,  James  Gatesby, and  Susan 
Randolph,  who  married  Robert  G.  Scott.  Mrs. 
Madison  died  Aug.  20,  1815.  Bishop  Madison 
received  the  honorary  degree  of  D.D.  from  the 
University  of  Pennsylvania  in  1785,  and  from  the 
College  of  William  and  Mary  in  1790.  He  was 
the  author  of:  Eulogy  on  Washington  (1800) ; 
papers  in  Barton's  Journal ;  a  map  of  Virginia  ; 
and  several  sermons  for  special  occasions.  He 
died  in  Williamsburg,  Va.,  March  6,  1812. 

MADISON,  James,  fourth  president  of  the 
United  States,  was  born,  in  Port  Con  way,  King 
George  county,  Va. ,  March  16,  1751  ;  son  of  Col. 
James  and  Eleanor  Rose  (Conway)  Madison  : 
grandson  of  Ambrose  and  Frances  (Taylor) 
Madison  ;  great  grandson  of  John  and  Agatha 
(Strother)  Madison,  and  of  James  and  Martha 
(Thompson)  Taylor,  and  great'2  grandson  of  Capt. 
John  Madison,  who  was  a  patentee  of  a  tract  of 
land  between  the  York  and  North  rivers  on  Ches 
apeake  bay  in  Virginia  in  165:).  Captain  John's 
son,  John,  settled  in  Orange  county,  and  built 
the  homestead  at  Montpelier,  where  his  son  Am 
brose  was  born,  and  on  reaching  manhood  took 
to  his  house  as  his  wife  Frances,  daughter  of 
James  and  Martha  (Thompson)  Taylor,  of  Port 
Conway,  Orange  count}*.  Col.  James  Madison, 
born  March  27,  1723,  was  a  prosperous  but  not 
wealthy  farmer,  and  James,  the  eldest  of  the 
twelve  children,  was  sent  to  school  to  Donald 
Robertson  near  Montpelier,  and  was  prepared  for 
college  by  the  Rev.  Thomas  Martin,  the  minister 
of  the  parish.  When  seventeen  years  old  he  was 
matriculated  at  the  College  of  New  Jersey, 
Princeton,  and  lie  gave  close  attention  to  his 
studies,  allowing  himself  for  long  periods  but 
three  hours'  sleep  out  of  the  twenty-four.  In  this 
way  he  completed  a  four-years'  course  in  three 
year's,  but  on  commencement  day,  Sept.  25,  1771, 
the  program  announced  that  "  Mr.  James  Mad 
ison  was  excused  from  taking  part  in  the  exer 
cises,''  as  he  had  so  overworked  as  to  lead  to 
a  complete  collapse.  His  standing  in  his  stud 
ies  was  high  and  he  received  his  diploma  with 
the  class  of  1771,  the  document  being  dated 
October  7.  This  diploma  came  to  light  in  1898, 
when  the  treasures  of  the  Congressional  library 
were  being  transferred  to  the  new  building.  He 
remained  in  Princeton  after  his  graduation,  tak 
ing  a  post  graduate  course  in  Hebrew  under 
President  Witherspoon,  1771-72.  He  then  tu 
tored  in  his  father's  family,  and  as  his  health 
would  allow,  continued  his  study  of  history,  con 
stitutional  law  and  theology.  He  served  as  a 
member  of  the  committee  of  safety  from  Orange 
county  in  1774,  when  twenty-three  years  old,  and 


[315 


was  a  delegate  to  the  state  convention  held  at 
Williamsburg  in  May,  1770.  This  convention  in 
structed  the  Virginia  delegates  to  advocate  a 
declaration  of  independence,  and  afterward 
framed  a  constitution  for  the  state.  Madison 
was  a  member  of  the  special  committee  on  the 
constitution  and  the  author  of  the  clause  in  the 
bill  of  rights  as  adopted,  declaring  ''all  men 
equally  entitled  to  the  free  exercise  of  religion 
according  to  the  dictates  of  conscience."  He 
was  a  representative  from  Orange  in  the  first 
state  legislature,  but  failed  of  election  to  the  sec 
ond  as  he  would  not  solicit  votes  or  furnish  re 
freshments  to  voters.  He  was  unanimously 
elected  by  the  legislature  a  member  of  the  state 
council,  and  in  1780  was  chosen  a  delegate  to  the 
Continental  congress.  On  taking  his  seat  at 
Philadelphia  he  was  at  once  recognized  as  a  lead 
er  and  was  made  a  member  of  important  com 
mittees.  He  opposed  the  issue  of  paper  money 
proposed  treaties  with  France  and  Spain,  espe- 
by  the  states  ;  was  chairman  of  the  committee 
on  foreign  relations,  and  was  entrusted  to  draw 
up  the  instructions  to  John  Jay  in  reference  to 
cially  looking  to  an  alliance  witli  Spain  in  order  to 
obtain  military  assistance  in  view  of  the  success 
of  the  British  army  in  the  southern  states.  Vir 
ginia  at  first  sustained  him  in  opposing  anv  sur 
render  of  the  free  use  of  the  Mississippi  river,  but 
subsequently  favored  the  surrender  of  the  Mis 
sissippi  valley  to  Spain  in  consideration  of  an 
offensive  and  defensive  alliance.  This  policy 
Madison  continued  to  oppose,  but  he  finally  con 
sented  to  embody  the  offer  in  the  instructions  to 
Mr.  Jay  under  protest.  Fortunately  the  surren 
der  of  Cornwallis  enabled  him  to  countermand 
these  instructions  and  he  was  rewarded  for  his 
diplomacy  by  seeing  the  Mississippi  valley  the 
heart  of  the  American  republic.  He  strenuously 
advocated  a  limited  impost  law  and  in  1783  was 
made  chairman  of  the  committee  on  ways  and 
means  where  he  antagonized  his  constituents  and 
disregarded  the  instructions  of  the  legislature  of 
Virginia  which  had  revoked  their  former  action 
by  which  they  had  assented  to  an  impost  law. 
The  adoption  of  this  law  called  for  the  first  com 
promise  made  between  the  slave  and  free  states, 
and  was  proposed  and  carried  through  by  Mad 
ison  as  the  only  way  in  which  to  secure  a  con 
tinuance  of  the  union.  In  this  agreement  it  was 
stipulated  that  slaves  should  be  rated  as  popula 
tion,  five  slaves  to  count  as  three  persons.  He 
was  a  representative  in  the  state  legislature, 
1784-86,  and  took  an  active  part  in  revising  the 
statutes  of  Virginia  and  abolishing  the  Federal 
system  of  entails,  primogeniture  and  state  sup 
port  to  the  Anglican  church.  During  this  time 
he  wrote  his  celebrated  "  Memorial  and  Remon 
strance  "  on  the  latter  subject,  classed  as  one  of 


MADISON 


MADISON 


his  ablest  state  papers.  He  represented  Virginia 
in  the  Annapolis  meeting  of  September,  1786, 
which  called  a  national  constitutional  conven 
tion  at  Philadelphia.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the 
Continental  congress,  1786-88.  In  the  conven 
tion  which  met  in  May,  178?.  to  frame  the  Fed 
eral  constitution,  he  was  a  member  of  the  com 
mittee  and  a  chief  pioneer  of  the  ''Virginia 
Plan,"  which  resulted  in  the  instrument  as 
adopted.  He  also  advocated  its  adoption  through 
the  columns  of  the  Federalist,  which  was  the 
joint  mouthpiece  of  Hamilton,  Jay  and  Madison. 
He  returned  to  Virginia  in  March,  1788,  to  take 
part  in  the  state  convention  called  to  ratify  the 
Federal  constitution,  where  he  found  Patrick 
Henry,  Richard  Henry  Lee,  George  Mason,  James 
Monroe,  Benjamin  Harrison  and  John  Tyler  op 
posed  to  the  instrument.  Madison  assumed  the 
leadership  of  the  party  in  favor  of  its  adoption 
and  was  supported  in  its  advocacy  by  Marshall, 
Wythe,  Randolph,  Pendleton  and  Henry  Lee,  and 
the  constitution  was  ratified  by  Virginia,  the  vote 
standing  89  to  79, — so  close  a  vote  that  the  suc 
ceeding  state  assembly  called  upon  congress  for 
a  national  convention  to  reconsider  the  action  of 
the  first  convention.  Henry  opposed  Madison  as 
U.S.  senator  and  succeeded  in  keeping  his  name 
out  of  the  contest.  Madison  was,  however,  elect 
ed  a  representative  from  Virginia  in  the  1st,  2d, 
3d,  and  4th  congresses,  1789-97.  In  congress  he 
opposed  the  policy  of  Hamilton  in  relation  to  the 
finances,  but  was  not  at  first  classed  as  a  radical 
Republican.  He  was  married  in  Virginia,  in 
179-1,  to  Dorothy  (Pajrne)  Todd,  widow  of  John 
Todd,  and  daughter  of  John  and  Mary  (Coles) 
Payne  of  North  Carolina.  President  Washington 
offered  Mr.  Madison  the  mission  to  France  in 
1794,  which  he  declined,  as  he  also  did  the  port 
folio  of  state  the  same  vear.  He  had  meanwhile 


MOAITPE.LI  £R  . 


become  the  acknowledged  leader  of  the  Republi 
can  party,  and  his  opposition  to  the  policy  of  the 
administration  made  him  the  choice  of  that 
party  for  the  presidency  in  1796,  but  he  declined 
to  be  a  candidate  and  advocated  the  election  of 
Thomas  Jefferson.  During  Adams's  administra 
tion  he  retired  to  Montpelier  and  took  no  part  in 


the  affairs  of  state  except  to  express  his  opinion 
in  letters  to  the  public  press.  He  was  the  author 
of  the  '•  Resolutions  of  1789,"  in  condemnation  of 
the  alien  and  sedition  laws,  which  resolutions 
were  adopted  by  the  Virginia  legislature,  and  of 
the  report  on  the  resolutions  of  1798  in  1800,  in 
which  he  defended  the  resolutions.  He  was 
again  elected  to  represent  Orange  county  in  the 
Virginia  assembly  in  1799,  and  in  1800  was  an  elect 
or  from  Virginia  to  vote  for  Thomas  Jefferson 
for  President.  His  writings  at  this  time  paved  the 
way  for  the  inauguration  of  a  Republican  admin 
istration  and  when  Jefferson  was  elected  he  nat 
urally  turned  to  Madison  as  his  chief  cabinet 
officer.  On  March  4,  1801,  Madison  took  up  the 
portfolio  of  state  and  for  eight  years  directed  for 
eign  affairs.  In  1809  he  was  elected  President  of 
the  United  States,  tbe  electoral  vote  standing  : 
for  President,  James  Madison  of  Virginia,  Re 
publican,  122,  Charles  C.  Pinckney  of  South 
Carolina,  Federalist,  47,  George  Clinton  of  New 
York,  Republican,  6  :  for  Vice-President,  George 
Clinton  of  New  York,  Republican,  113,  Rufus 
King  of  New  York,  Federalist,  47,  John  Lang- 
don  of  New  Hampshire.  9.  James  Madison.  3, 
James  Monroe,  3.  In  making  up  his  cabinet 
President  Madison  appointed  Robert  Smith  of 
Maryland,  Jefferson's  secretary  of  the  navy  and 
attorney-general,  as  secretary  of  state  ;  Albert 
Gallatin  of  Pennsylvania  secretary  of  the  treas 
ury,  which  office  he  had  also  held  under  Jeffer 
son  :  William  Eustis  of  Massachusetts,  secretary 
of  war  ;  and  Paul  Hamilton  of  South  Carolina, 
secretary  of  the  navy.  The  following  changes 
occurred  in  the  cabinet  during  Madison's  two  ad 
ministrations  :  James  Monroe  of  Virginia  suc 
ceeded  Secretary  Smith  in  the  state  department, 
April  2,  181 1  ;  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  Gallatin 
resigned,  and  on  Feb.  9,  1814.  was  succeeded  by 
George  W.  Campbell  of  Tennessee,  after  whose 
resignation  in  September,  1814.  Alexander  J. 
Dallas  of  Pennsylvania  was  appointed,  Oct.  6, 
1814,  and  was  in  turn  succeeded  by  William  II. 
Crawford  of  Georgia,  Oct.  22,  1816  ;  in  the 
war  department  the  successors  of  Secretary 
Eustis  were  John  Armstrong  of  New  York, 
appointed  January  13,  1813;  James  Monroe 
of  Virginia,  Sept.  27,  1814;  Alexander  J. 
Dallas  of  Pennsylvania  (acting)  March  14,1815, 
and  William  H.  Crawford  of  Georgia,  Aug.  J, 
1815;  and  in  the  navy  department  Secretary 
Hamilton  was  succeeded,  Jan.  12,  1813,  by  Will 
iam  Jones  of  Pennsylvania,  who  was  succeeded 
by  Benjamin  W.  Crovvnshield  of  Massachusetts, 
Dec.  19,  1814.  The  war  between  France  and 
England  affected  American  commerce  ;  American 
seamen  were  impressed  in  the  foreign  service, 
and  American  vessels  trading  with  France  were 
searched  and  detained  by  British  men-of-war. 


[320] 


MADISON 


MADISON 


Negotiations  with  the  offending  nations  failed  to 
secure  immunity,  and  acts  of  congress  brought 
neither  belligerent  to  terms.  The  war  spirit  was 
rife  in  the  south  and  west  and  the  continuation  of 
diplomatic  quarrels  with  Great  Britain  resulted  in 
the  declaration  of  war,  June  18,1812.  The  debate 
attending  the  passage  was  not  made  public  at  tbe 
time.  In  the  house  the  vote  stood  79  for  war 
and  49  against,  and  in  the,  senate  19  for  and  13 
against.  In  both  houses  about  one-fourth  of  the 
Republican  members  voted  with  the  Federalists 
against  the  declaration  of  war,  and  in  the  senate 
it  is  claimed  that  the  three  senators  who  turned 
the  scale  were  Federalists  who  voted  for  the 
measure  in  order  to  embarrass  the  President. 
Pennsylvania  was  the  only  northern  state  voting 
for  war,  and  Kentucky  the  only  southern  state 
voting  against  the  measure.  The  President  had 
ample  cause  to  recommend  the  action  to  con 
gress  and  the  same  cause  equally  affected  the  at 
titude  of  the  United  States  toward  France,  but 
the  friendship  of  that  nation  during  the  Revolu 
tion  made  her  offence  less  serious  in  the  opinion 
of  the  congress.  The  officers  and  soldiers  in  the 
army  were  largely  drawn  from  the  northwest 
and  the  U.S.  navy  was  drawn  from  the  north 
east.  In  November,  1812,  Madison  was  re-elected 
to  the  presidency.  The  electoral  vote  for  Presi 
dent  stood  :  for  James  Madison,  128,  for  DeWitt 
Clinton  of  New  York,  Federalist,  89  ;  the  vote  for 
Vice-President  was  for  Elbridge  Gerry  of  Massa 
chusetts,  Republican.  131,  Jared  Ingersoll  of 
Pennsylvania,  Federalist,  86.  The  war  of  1812 
was  vigorously  carried  on  for  three  years  and  in 
the  northwest  and  in  Canada  the  U.S.  army  met 
with  successive  victories  and  defeats.  This  in 
decisive  warfare  was  followed  by  the  capture  of 
the  national  capital,  the  driving  out  of  the  Presi 
dent  and  his  family  from  the  White  House  ;  the 
burning  of  the  capitol  building  and  congressional 
library  and  the  sacking  of  the  executive  mansion 
in  August,  1814.  These  disasters  were  offset  by 
a  succession  of  victories  at  sea  and  on  the  lakes 
by  the  U.S.  navy,  resulting  in  the  treaty  of  peace 
at  Ghent,  Dec.  24,  1814,  after  which  on  Jan.  8, 
1815.  General  Jackson  gained  his  signal  victory 
over  the  British  army  at  New  Orleans.  The  hope 
of  the  young  Republicans  of  the  western  states 
led  by  Henry  Clay,  to  acquire  the  territory  of 
Canada  by  right  of  conquest  was  the  greatest  in 
centive  that  led  the  twelfth  congress  to  declare 
war,  but  their  plans  were  not  embodied  in  the 
treaty  of  peace  which  they  reluctantly  accepted. 
It  was  thought  by  many  that  their  hopes  would 
have  been  realized  had  the  treaty  been  drawn  up 
and  signed  after  the  battle  of  New  Orleans, 
which  gave  to  their  section  some  of  the  glory 
gained  in  the  war.  The  chief  credit,  however, 
went  to  the  navy,  and  in  the  President's  message 


to  congress,  Dec.  5,  1815,  he  said,  speaking  of  the 
late  war  :  li  The  signal  services  which  have  been 
rendered  by  our  navy  and  the  capacities  it  has 
developed  for  successful  co-operation  in  the  na 
tional  defence  will  give  to  that  portion  of  the  pub 
lic  force  its  full  value  in  the  eyes  of  congress.  To 


THE     WHITE    HOUSE,-iai4. 

preserve  the  ships  we  now  have  in  a  sound  state, 
to  complete  those  already  contemplated,  to  pro 
vide  amply  for  prompt  augmentations,  is  dictated 
by  the  soundest  policy."  Upon  the  close  of  his 
second  term,  after  welcoming  James  Monroe,  his 
friend  and  secretary  of  state,  as  his  succes 
sor,  Mr.  Madison  retired  to  Montpelier,  where  for 
nearly  twenty  years  he  lived  a  quiet,  uneventful 
life.  He  succeeded  Jefferson  as  rector  of  the 
University  of  Virginia,  and  served  the  institu 
tion  as  rector  and  visitor.  He  was  also  a  visitor 
of  the  College  of  William  and  Mary.  He  was 
a  delegate  to  the  Virginia  constitutional  con 
vention  of  1829,  but  was  too  infirm  to  take 
part  in  the  active  work  of  the  convention.  The 
College  of  New  Jersey  and  the  College  of  Wil 
liam  and  Mary  conferred  on  him  the  honorary 
degree  of  LL.D.  in  1787.  Besides  twenty-six 
of  the  papers  contributed  to  the  Federalist  in 
defence  of  the  constitution  of  the  United  States, 
and  the  Memorial  and  Remonstrance  against 
taxing  the  people  of  Virginia  for  the  support 
of  teachers  of  the  Christian  religion,  published 
as  "  Madison's  Religious  Freedom  Act,"  trans 
lated  into  French  and  Italian,  and  extensively 
read  in  America  and  Europe,  Mr.  Madison  is 
the  author  of:  The  Virginia  Plan  (1798);  An 
Examination  of  the  British  Doctrine  which  sub 
jects  to  Capture  a  Neutral  Trade  not  open  in 
the  Time  of  Peace,  prepared  while  secretary  of 
state  in  Jefferson's  administration  ;  Report 
of  the  Debates  in  the  Federal  Convention  of 
1787,  which  is  accepted  as  a  political  text-book 
of  great  value,  and  Advice  to  my  Country, 
the  lesson  of  his  life  as  he  wished  his  country 
men  to  understand  it,  which  he  desired  should 
not  be  given  to  the  public  until  after  his  death. 
In  the  last  named  book  Madison  says  :"  with  re 
gard  to  the  responsibility  of  our  country  to 
mankind,  let  it  be  remembered  that  it  has  ever 
been  the  pride  and  boast  of  America  that  the 
rights  for  which  she  contended  were  the  rights 
of  human  nature.  By  the  blessing  of  the  Author 
[321J 


MAES 


of  these  rights  on  the  means  exerted  for 
their  defence,  they  have  prevailed  over  all  op 
position No  instance  has  heretofore  oc 
curred,  nor  can  any  instance  be  expected  here 
after  to  occur  in  which  the  unadulterated  forms 
of  Republican  government  can  pretend  to  so 
fair  an  opportunity  of  justifying  themselves  by 
their  fruits.  In  this  view  the  citizens  of  the 
United  States  are  responsible  for  the  greatest 
trust  ever  confided  to  a  political  society.  If  jus 
tice,  good  faith,  honor,  gratitude,  and  all  the 
other  qualities  which  ennoble  the  character  of  a 
nation  and  fulfil  the  ends  of  government,  be  the 
fruits  of  our  establishment,  the  cause  of  lib 
erty  will  acquire  a  dignity  and  lustre  which  it 
has  never  yet  enjoyed  ;  and  an  example  will  be 
set  which  cannot  but  have  the  most  favorable 
influence  on  the  rights  of  mankind.  If,  on  the 
other  side,  our  government  should  be  unfortu 
nately  blotted  with  the  reverse  of  these  cardinal 
and  essential  virtues,  the  great  cause  which  we 
have  engaged  to  vindicate  will  be  dishonored  and 
betrayed  ;  the  last  and  fairest  experiment  in  fa 
vor  of  the  rights  of  human  nature  will  be  turned 
against  them  ;  and  their  patrons  and  friends  ex 
posed  to  be  insulted  and  silenced  by  the  vo 
taries  of  tyranny  and  usurpation."  See  "Re 
ports  of  the  Debates  in  the  National  Convention 
of  1787"  (3  vols.,  1840;  new  ed.,  1  vol.,  1893); 
"Madison's  Complete  Works"  (6  vols.);  "Life 
and  Times  of  James  Madison  "  by  W.  C.  Rives 
(3  vols.,  1859-69,  unfinished);  "The  Letters  and 
Other  Writings  of  James  Madison  "(4  vols.,  1805); 
"  James  Madison  "  by  Sydney  Howard  Gay  in 
"  American  Statesmen  "  series  (1884);  and  "  His 
tory  of  the  United  States  under  the  Administra 
tion  of  James  Madison,"  by  Henry  Adams  (1893). 
In  1901  his  grave  at  Montpelier  was  reached  by 
crossing  an  uncultivated  field  to  a  dilapidated 
brick  wall  surrounding  the  family  burial  plot 
which  was  filled  witli  sunken  mounds,  fallen 
headstones,  and  a  wilderness  of  woods.  One  of 
these  graves  is  that  of  James  Madison,  the 
"  Father  of  the  Constitution"  and  the  fourth 
president  of  the  United  States.  In  selecting 
names  for  a  place  in  t!ie  Hall  of  Fame  for  great 
Americans,  New  York  university,  October,  1900, 
James  Madison  in  Class  M.  Rulers  and  Statesmen, 
received  forty-eight  votes,  fifty-one  being  neces 
sary  to  secure  a  place.  President  Madison  died 
at  Montpelier,  Va.,  Juno  28.  1836. 

MAEDER,  Frederick  George,  playwright, 
was  born  in  Ne\v  York  city.  Sept.  11,  1840  ;  son 
of  James  Gaspard  and  Clara  (Fisher)  Maeder,  and 
grandson  of  Frederick  George  Fisher,  an  English 
Shaksperian  scholar.  His  father  was  a  professor 
and  composer  of  music,  and  his  mother  an 
actress.  He  received  his  education  in  Trinity 
school,  New  York  city,  and  was  a  member  of  the 


boy  choir  in  Trinity  church.  He  next  entered 
upon  a  business  career,  which  he  abandoned  for 
the  stage  in  1858,  and  in  November  of  that  year 
appeared  in  Portland,  Maine,  as  Bernardo  in 
'•  Hamlet."  He  played  in  New  Orleans,  1860-61, 
and  in  1861  dramatized  Dickens's  "  Great  Expec 
tations  "  which  was  first  presented  in  Montreal, 
Canada.  This  was  quickly  followed  by  his  dram 
atization  of  Miss  Braddon's  "Nobody's Daughter," 
and  in  the  same  year  he  joined  the  Wallack- Dav 
enport  company  and  played  in  the  principal 
cities  of  the  United  States.  In  November,  1862, 
in  company  witli  his  brother  Gaspard,  he  leased 
the  Washington  (D.C.)  Theatre,  and  there  pro 
duced  his  dramatization  of  "  Les  Miserables." 
He  went  to  Europe  in  1863,  with  a  panorama  of 
the  "  American  War,"  and  travelled  through 
England,  Ireland  and  Scotland,  and  while  in 
Liverpool  played  a  six  weeks'  engagement  at  the 
Prince  of  Wales  Theatre.  He  returned  to  the 
United  States  at  the  close  of  that  year,  and  pro 
duced  his  new  play  "  The  Ticket-of -Leave  Man  " 
in  Boston.  In  1864  he  appeared  at  the  Broadway 
theatre,  New  York,  with  John  E.  Owens  in 
"Solon  Shingle,''  and  travelled  with  McKee 
Rankin's  company  for  a  time.  His  dramatizations 
and  plays  not  previously  mentioned  include  : 
Enocli,  Ardeti ;  Help  ;  Shamus  O'Brien  ;  Urijjith 
Gaunt ;  Buffalo  Bill ;  Maun  Cree  ;  The  Runaway 
Wife,  and  The  Cannuck.  He  died  in  New  York 
city,  April  8,  1891. 

MAES,  Camillas  Paul,  R.C.  bishop,  was  born 
in  Courtrai,  Belgium,  March  13,  1846.  He  was 
graduated  from  the  College  of  Courtrai  in  1864, 
and  studied  theology  in  the  seminary  at  Bruges, 
and  in  the  American  college  at  Louvain.  He  was 
ordained  a  priest, 
Dec.  19,  1868,  in  the 
cathedral  at  Mechlin, 
Belgium,  by  Mgr. 
Antonio,  auxiliary 
bishop  of  Mechlin, 
and  removed  to  the 
United  States  in  1869. 
He  was  assigned  to 
the  diocese  of  Detroit, 
Mich.,  was  appointed 
pastor  of  St.  Peter's, 
Mount  Clemens,  1869, 
of  St.  Mary's  church, 
Monroe,  in  1871, 
and  pastor  of  St. 
John's  church  in 

1873.  He  was  secretary  to  Bishop  Borgess,  1880- 
84,  and  was  consecrated  bishop  of  Covington,  Kv., 
Jan.  25,  1885  in  St.  Mary's  cathedral,  Jan.  25,  1885, 
by  Archbishop  Elder  assisted  by  Bishops  McClos- 
key  of  Louisville,  Ky..  and  Borgess  of  Detroit, 
Mich.  He  was  a  member  of  the  board  of  directors 


[322] 


MAFFITT 


MAFFITT 


of  the  Catholic  University  of  America  and  was 
president  of  the  Eucharistic  congresses.  He  de 
voted  much  time  to  the  study  of  the  early  history 
of  the  Roman  Catholic  church  in  the  west ;  edited 
the  Einanuel,  the  organ  of  the  Eucharistic  league, 
and  contributed  to  Roman  Catholic  periodicals. 
He  is  the  author  of  Life  of  Rev.  Charles  Nerinck 
(1880). 

MAFFITT,  John  Newland,  evangelist,  was 
born  in  Dublin,  Ireland,  Dec.  28,  1794.  His 
father  died  in  1806  and  the  son  was  educated  in 
an  academy  in  Dublin  and  afterward  settled  in 
business  there  as  a  merchant  tailor.  He  joined 
the  Methodists  in  1813,  and  began  praying  and 
exhorting  in  public  and  soon  evinced  power  as 
an  evangelist.  In  spite  of  the  opposition  of  his 
mother  and  his  wife,  he  finally  gave  himself 
wholly  to  the  work  of  the  church,  and  owing  to 
domestic  troubles  came  to  New  York  in  April, 
1819.  He  joined  the  New  England  conference  of 
the  Methodist  Episcopal  church  in  1822,  and  was 
sent  as  a  missionary  to  Boston,  Mass.  He  was 
stationed  successively  at  Fairhaven,  New  Bedford, 
and  Barnstable,  Mass.,  1823-24;  Dover  and  Somers- 
worth,  N.H.,  1828-29,  and  Boston,  Mass.,  in  1830  ; 
and  in  1832  he  became  a  local  preacher  in  New 
York  city.  He  became  associated  with  the  Rev. 
Lewis  Garrett  in  publishing  the  Western  Metho 
dist,  afterward  known  as  the  Christian  Advocate, 
at  Nashville,  Tenn.,  in  1835,  and  also  continued 
his  preaching  in  the  soutli  and  southwest,  adding 
thousands  of  converts  to  the  church.  He  was 
agent  for  La  Grange  college,  Ala.,  1836-37,  and 
was  subsequently  elected  to  the  chair  of  elocution 
and  belles  lettres.  He  was  chaplain  to  the  U.S. 
house  of  representatives  in  the  47th  congress, 
1841-43.  He  travelled  in  the  Atlantic  states, 
preaching,  1843-45  ;  and  edited  the  Calvary  Token, 
Auburn,  N.Y.,  1845-46.  In  1847  he  was  married 
to  Frances  Smith  of  Brooklyn,  N.Y.,  from  whom 
he  shortly  afterward  separated  and  left  New 
York,  retiring  to  Arkansas,  where  lie  joined  the 
Methodist  Episcopal  church  south,  and  received 
a  second  license  to  preach.  He  continued  his 
labors  in  various  cities  in  the  south  with  none  of 
his  former  success.  He  is  the  author  of  :  Tears 
of  Contrition  (1821);  Pnlpit  Sketches  (1828);  Poems 
(1839)  and  an  Oratorical  Dictionary.  He  died 
near  Mobile,  Ala.,  May  28.  Id50. 

MAFFITT,  John  Newland,  naval  officer,  was 
born  in  Dublin,  Ireland,  Feb.  22.1819;  son  of 
John  Newland  Maffitt,  the  Methodist  preacher. 
He  came  to  the  United  States  with  his  mother 
several  years  after  his  father's  arrival  in  America, 
and  after  their  separation  resided  with  his 
mother  in  New  Orleans,  La.,  and  Galveston, 
Texas.  He  was  appointed  to  the  U.S.  Naval 
academy  from  North  Carolina  as  a  midshipman, 
Feb.  25,  1832,  and  promoted  passed  midshipman, 


June  23,  1838 ;  lieutenant,  June  25,  1848  ;  was 
placed  on  the  reserve  list,  Sept.  14,  1855,  and  re 
signed  from  the  U.S.  navy,  May  2,  1861,  to  join 
the  Confederacy.  He  was  appointed  1st  lieuten 
ant  in  the  Confederate  States  navy,  May  8,  1861, 
and  served  in  the  naval  defence  of  Hatteras  and 
Port  Royal  as  commander  of  the  Savannah  under 
Commodore  Josiah  Tattnall  in  1861.  He  took  a 
cargo  of  cotton  to  England  in  the  spring  of  1862, 
and  while  there  was  directed  to  take  charge  of 
the  steam  cruiser  Florida,  which  bore  the  dock 
yard  name  of  Oreto,  and  was  constructed  by  Wil 
liam  C.  Miller  &  Sons,  Liverpool,  under  contract 
with  Capt.  J.  D.  Bullock,  naval  agent  of  the  Con 
federate  States.  The  vessel  was  delivered  to  Lieu 
tenant  Maffitt  at  Nassau,  April  28,  1862.  Be 
tween  that  date  and  Aug  1,  1862,  she  was 
twice  seized  by  the  British  government  on  the 
complaint  of  the  U.S.  consul  that  she  was  in 
tended  for  the  Confederate  service,  but  the  evi 
dence  was  such  that  the  admiralty  court  ordered 
her  release.  Lieutenant  Maffitt  took  her  to  Greeir 
Cay,  one  of  the  Bahama  islands,  and  there,  on 
Aug.  10,  1862,  her  armament,  which  had  been 
transported  on  a  schooner,  was  transferred  to 
her  decks,  and  she  was  regularly  commissioned 
as  a  Confederate  States  naval  cruiser.  On  leav 
ing  there  to  run  the  blockade,  Captain  Maffitt's 
crew  of  eighteen  men  was  reduced  to  one  fireman 
and  four  deck  hands,  by  an  epidemic  of  yellow 
fever,  and  the  ship  was  run  into  Cardenas,  Cuba, 
for  medical  attendance  and  from  there  to  Havana. 
He  sailed  from  that  port,  Sept.  1,  1862,  ran  the 
blockade  at  Mobile,  Ala.,  and  found  shelter 
under  the  guns  of  Fort  Morgan,  where  the  vessel 
was  fully  fitted  out  and  manned,  and  on  Jan.  15, 
1863,  made  her  escape,  in  spite  of  the  fact  that 
the  blockading  fleet  had  been  strengthened  with 
a  view  to  her  capture.  A  few  days  afterward 
Lieutenant  Maffitt  captured  his  first  prize,  a  small 
brig,  off  the  west  of  Cuba.  He  was  promoted 
commander,  April  29,  1863  ;  captured  two  other 
prizes,  and  on  Jan.  25,  1864,  arrived  at  Nassau, 
where  he  took  in  a  cargo  of  coal.  From  there  he 
wrent  to  Barbadoes,  made  a  stop  at  Green  Cay, 
and  on  the  Windward  islands  captured  and 
burned  the  clipper  ship  Jacob  Bell,  bound  for 
New  York  from  China,  with  a  cargo  valued  at 
$1,500,000.  He  reached  Pernambuco,  Brazil,  May 
8,  1863,  and  along  that  coast  captured  several 
prizes.  He  touched  at  the  Bermudas  in  July,  and 
in  August.  1863,  reached  Brest,  France,  where  the 
vessel  was  put  in  dock  for  six  months'  repairs. 
He  was  relieved  from  duty  by  Capt.  C.  M.  Morris, 
being  broken  in  health.  He  was  appointed  to 
the  command  of  the  Albemarle,  June  2,  1864, 
relieving  Commander  James  W.  Cook,  but  only 
served  a  short  time,  being  relieved  in  turn  by 
Capt.  Alexander  F.  Warley.  During  his  com- 


[38 


MAGILL 


mand  of  the  Florida  Maffitt  took  about  fifty-five 
prizes.  His  son,  E.  A.  Maffitt,  was  midshipman 
on  the  Confederate  cruiser  Alabama,  Captain 
Semmes.  He  retired  to  North  Carolina  after  the 
war  and  died  in  Wilmington,  N.C.,  May  15, 1886. 

MAQAW,  Samuel,  educator,  was  born  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.,  in  1735.  His  parents  were 
natives  of  Cumberland  county,  Pa.  He  was  grad 
uated  from  the  University  of  Pennsylvania 
with  its  first  class.  A.B.,  17.17.  A.M.,  17(50.  He 
went  to  England  to  receive  ordination,  was  ap 
pointed  a  missionary  of  the  Society  for  the  Propa 
gation  of  the  Gospel,  at  Dover  and  Duck  Creek, 
Delaware,  and  took  a  prominent  part  in  founding 
the  Protestant  Episcopal  church  in  the  United 
States.  He  was  rector  of  St.  Paul's  church,  Phil 
adelphia,  1771-1804 ;  vice-provost  and  professor 
of  moral  philosophy  in  the  University  of  the  State 
of  Pennsylvania,  1782-91,  and  assisted  the  Rev. 
James  Abercrombie,  D.D.,in  founding  the  Acad 
emy  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal  Church  in  the 
City  of  Philadelphia  in  1785.  He  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  American  Philosophical  society 
in  1774.  He  was  married  to  Lucia,  daughter  of 
Andrew  Doz  of  Philadelphia.  He  received  the 
honorary  degree  of  D.D.  from  the  University  of 
the  State  of  Pennsylvania  in  1783.  He  died  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa..  Dec;.  1,  1812. 

MAQEE,  John,  representative,  was  born  in 
Easton,  Pa.,  Sept.  3, 1794:  son  of  Henry  and  Sarah 
(Mulholland)  Magee.  He  received  a  common- 
school  education  ;  was  a  soldier  in  the  war  of  1812, 
and  was  taken  prisoner  and  escaped.  In  1818  lie 
settled  in  Bath,  Steuben  county,  N.Y.,  and  was 
elected  constable  and  in  1821  became  sheriff  of 
the  county.  He  was  a  representative  from  New 
York  in  the  20th  and  21st  congresses,  1827-31  ; 
declined  the  cabinet  position  of  secretary  of  state 
in  President  Jackson's  cabinet  in  1831,  and  the 
same  year  he  established  the  Steuben  county 
bank  at  Bath,  and  was  its  president  during  the 
remainder  of  his  life.  He  built  the  Blossburg 
and  Corning  railroad  in  1851  and  in  1859  opened 
the  Fall  Brook  Coal  mines  and  was  made  presi 
dent  of  the  company.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the 
state  constitutional  convention  of  1867.  He  died 
in  Bath,  N.Y.,  April  5,  1868. 

MAGIE,  William  Francis,  educator,  was  bom 
in  Elizabeth,  N.J.,  Dec.  14,  1858  ;  son  of  Chan 
cellor  William  Jay  and  Sarah  Frances  (Baldwin) 
Magie.  He  attended  Dr.  John  F.  Pingry's  school 
in  Elizabeth,  N.J.  ;  was  graduated  from  the 
College  of  New  Jersey,  Princeton,  A.B.,  1879, 
A.M.,  1882,  and  remained  there  as  instructor  in 
physics,  1879-84.  He  studied  and  travelled 
abroad,  1884-85,  receiving  the  degree  of  Ph.D. 
from  the  University  of  Berlin  in  1885.  He  was 
appointed  professor  of  physics  at  Princeton  in 
1885.  He  was  elected  a  member  of  the  American 


Philosophical  society  in  1897  and  of  the  American 
Physical  society  in  1899.  He  was  married,  June 
7,  1894,  to  Mary  Blanchard,  daughter  of  the  Rev. 
Dr.  Caspar  Wistar  Hodge.  He  published  :  Trans 
lation  of  ClLristiansen'x  Elements  of  Theoretical 
Physics  (1896)  ;  Revision  of  Anthony  and  Brack- 
etVs  Physics  (1896)  ;  The  Second  Law  of  Ther 
modynamics  (1899)  ;  besides  articles  for  scientific 
journals,  including  papers  on  Capillarity  (1885, 
1886,  1888)  ;  The  Ri'mtgen  Radiance  in  Surgery 
(189(5)  and  The  Specific-  Heat  of  Solutions  (1899). 

MAGIE,  William  Jay,  jurist,  was  born  in 
Elizabeth,  N.J.,  Dec.  9,  1839;  son  of  the  Rev. 
David  and  Ann  Frances  (Wilson)  Magie  ;  grand 
son  of  Michael  and  Mary  (Meeker)  Magie  and  of 
James  and  Eleanor  (Arrowsmith)  Wilson;  and  a 
descendant  of  John  MacGliie,  born  in  Scotland, 
1(359,  came  to  Perth  Amboy,  N.J.,  in  1685,  and 
soon  removed  to  Elizabetlitown.  David  Magie 
graduated  from  the  College  of  New  Jersey,  1817, 
was  a  trustee  of  the  college,  1835-65,  and  for 
forty-five  years  was  pastor  of  the  First  Presby 
terian  church  of  Elizabeth.  William  Jay  Magie 
was  graduated  from  the  College  of  New  Jersey, 
A.B.,  1852,  A.M.,  1855  :  taught  school  in  Virginia, 
1852-53  ;  read  law  with  Francis  B.  Chetwood,  of 
Elizabeth  ;  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1856, 
and  as  a  counsellor  in  1859.  He  practised  in 
Elizabeth,  1856-80.  He  was  married,  Oct.  1, 1857, 
to  Sarah  Frances,  daughter  of  Jediah  and  Abby 
(Johnson)  Baldwin.  He  was  prosecutor  of  pleas 
of  Union  county,  1866-71  ;  a  state  senator,  1877- 
79,  serving  with  distinction  on  the  judiciary 
committee,  and  declining  renomination  in  1878. 
He  was  associate  justice  of  the  supreme  court, 
of  New  Jersey,  1880-97  ;  chief  justice,  1897-1900, 
and  in  April,  1900,  was  appointed  by  Governor 
Voorhees,  chancellor  of  the  state  of  New  Jersey. 
He  received  the  honorary  degree  of  LL.D.  in  1891 
from  Princeton  and  in  the  same  year  was  elected 
a  trustee  of  the  university. 

MAGILL,  Edward  Hicks,  educator,  was  born 
in  Solebury,  Pa.,  Sept.  24,  1825  ;  son  of  Jonathan 
P.  and  Mary  W.  Magill,  grandson  of  Jacob  and 
Rebecca  (Paxton)  Magill,  and  a  descendant  of 
Scotch  ancestry  who  settled  in  the  north  of 
Ireland  and  immigrated  to 
the  United  States.  He  matri 
culated  at  Yale  college  with 
the  class  of  1852,  but  left  at 
the  close  of  his  freshman 
year  and  was  graduated  at 
Brown  university  in  1852- 
He  was  principal  of  the  class" 
ical  department,  Providence  high  school,  1852-59 
and  sub-master  at  the  Latin  school,  Boston,  Mass., 
1859-67.  He  visited  Europe,  1867-68,  was  principal 
of  the  preparatory  department  of  Swarthmore  col 
lege,  1869-71  ;  president  of  that  institution,  1817- 


[324] 


MAGILL 


MAGOFFIN 


89:  professor  of  the  French  language  and  literature 
there,  1889-1900,  and  emeritus  professor  and  lec 
turer  on  French  literature  from  1900.  He  re 
ceived  the  honorary  degree  of  LL.D.  from  Haver- 
ford  college,  Pu.,  in  1886.  He  is  the  author  of: 
First  Lessons  in  French  ;  French  Grammar  with  a 
Key  (1865)  ;  Introductory  French  Reader ;  French 
Grammar  ;  Co-education  of  the  Sexes  (1867)  ; 
Methods  of  Teaching  Modern  Language  (1871)  ; 
and  History  of  Education  in  the  Religions 
Society  of  Friends  (1884) ;  and  edited  French  Prose 
and  Poetry  (1867);  and  Modern  French  Series 
(1879). 

MAGILL,  Mary  Tucker,  auth  or,  wasborn  in 
Winchester.  Va.,  Aug.  '."1.  1832  :  daughter  of  Dr. 
Alfred  Thurston  and  Ann  Evelina  Hunter 
(Tucker)  Magill,  granddaughter  of  Judge  Henry 
St.  George  and  Ann  Evelina  (Hunter)  Tucker, 
and  great  granddaughter  of  St.  George  and 
Frances  (Randolph)  Tucker.  She  was  educated 
at  Richmond  and  in  the  University  of  Virginia, 
where  her  father  was  professor  of  medicine. 
Previous  to  the  civil  war  she  established  with  her 
mother  Angerona  college,  a  boarding  school  for 
girls  in  Winchester,  Va.,  which  she  conducted 
for  several  years.  She  travelled  extensively  in 
Europe  and  was  in  Hamburg  during  the  scourge 
of  cholera  which  afflicted  that  city.  Shortly 
before  her  death  she  removed  to  Staunton, 
Ara.  She  contributed  to  periodicals,  was  a 
newspaper  correspondent  and  is  the  author  of  : 
The  HoJcombes  (1868)  ;  Women,  or  Chronicles 
of  Hie  Late  War  (1870)  ;  School  History  of  Vir 
ginia  (1877)  ;  Pantomimes,  or  Wordless  Poems 
(ISS2)  ;  Stories  from  Virginia  History  for  the 
Young  (1897).  She  died  at  the  residence  of  Joseph 
Bryan  near  Richmond,  Va.,  April  29,  1899. 

MAGINNIS,  Martin,  senator,  was  born  in 
Wayne  county,  N.Y.,  Oct.  '27,  1841  ;  son  of  Patrick 
and  Winifred  (Devine)  M.iginnis.  His  parents, 
born  in  Ireland,  immigrated  to  America,  settled 
on  a  farm  in  Wayne  county,  N.Y.,  in  1836,  and 
removed  to  Minnesota  in  1852.  Martin  matricu 
lated  at  Hamline  university,  St.  Paul,  Minn.,  in 
the  class  of  1862  and  in  1861  with  other  members 
of  his  class  he  enlisted  in  the  1st  Minnesota 
volunteers  and  served  in  twenty-two  battles  of 
the  Army  of  the  Potomac.  1862-64.  He  was  one 
of  the  survivors  of  his  regiment  at  the  famous 
•charge  at  Gettysburg  where  the  regiment  lost  82 
per  cent,  of  its  men.  His  company  lost  thirty  of 
the  thirty-five  men  he  led  to  the  charge.  He 
served  in  the  Army  of  the  Cumberland  under 
General  Thomas  at  Franklin  and  Nashville, 
Tenn.,  1864  ;  was  provost-marshal-general  of 
Tennessee  on  the  staff  of  Governor  Andrew 
Johnson,  and  was  mustered  out  in  June.  1865, 
having  attained  the  rank  of  major.  He  organ 
ized  an  expedition  and  crossed  the  plains  to 


Montana  in  1866  where  he  engaged  in  mining  and 
founded  the  Rocky  Mountain  Daily  Gazette  at 
Helena.  He  was  married  in  1868  to  Louise  E. 
Mann,  of  Pontiac,  Mich.  He  was  the  delegate 
from  Montana  Territory  to  the  43d-48th  con 
gresses,  1873-85  ;  a  delegate  to  the  convention  of 
July  4,  1889,  which  framed  the  constitution  un 
der  which  it  was  admitted  as  a  state,  and  he  was 
the  unsuccessful  Democratic  candidate  for  repre 
sentative  in  the  51st  congress.  He  was  elected 
one  of  the  first  U.S.  senators  by  the  Democratic 
legislature  convened  by  reason  of  the  Silver  Bow 
county  election  contest,  but  both  he  and  his  col 
league,  William  A.  Clark,  were  rejected  by  the 
senate  in  1889.  He  was  appointed  by  Governor 
Toole  in  1891  a  commissioner  to  look  after  the 
mineral-land  interests  of  Montana  and  served 
two  years.  On  the  resignation  of  William  A. 
Clark  as  U.S.  senator  in  1900,  Major  Maginnis  was 
appointed,  on  May  18,  by  Governor  Robert  A. 
Smith,  to  fill  the  vacancy.  He  was  orator  of  the 
day  at  the  dedication  of  the  Soldiers'  Home, 
Washington,  D.C.  ;  at  the  reunion  of  Federal  and 
Confederate  officers  on  the  battle-field  of  Gettys 
burg,  and  at  a  reunion  of  the  Society  of  the 
Army  of  the  Potomac. 

MAGNER,  Thomas  Francis,  representative, 
was  born  in  Brooklyn,  N.Y.,  March  8,  1860  ;  son 
of  Patrick  and  Ellen  (Barry)  Magner,  natives  of 
Cork,  Ireland,  who  came  to  New  York  in  their 
early  youth.  He  attended  the  public  schools  ; 
was  graduated  from  St.  Francis  Xavier  college, 
New  York  city,  in  1880,  and  from  the  law  depart 
ment  of  Columbia  college  in  1882.  He  taught 
school  in  Brooklyn,  1880-82  ;  took  up  the  practice 
of  his  profession  in  Brooklyn  in  1882  ;  was  a 
member  of  the  New  York  assembly,  1888  ;  and  a 
Democratic  representative  from  the  sixth  New 
York  district  in  the  51st,  52d  and  53d  congresses, 
1889-95. 

MAGOFFIN,  Beriah,  governor  of  Kentucky, 
was  born  in  Harrodsburg,  Mercer  county,  Ky., 
April  18,  1815  ;  son  of  Beriah  and  Jane  (McAffee) 
Magoffin.  His  father  was  a  native  of  county 
Down,  Ireland,  and  his  mother  was  the  grand 
daughter  of  Samuel  McAffee, 
a  pioneer  settler  of  central 
Kentucky.  He  was  graduated 
at  Centre  college,  Danville,  i 
Ky.,  in  1834,  studied  law  with 
his  brother-in-law,  Charles  M. 
Cunningham,  and  was  gradu 
ated  from  Transylvania  uni 
versity,  Lexington,  Ky.,  LL.B.  in  1838.  He  prac 
tised  in  Jackson,  Miss.,  in  1838,  in  partnership  with 
Judge  Harney,  and  was  elected  reading  clerk  to 
the  state  senate.  Returning  to  Harrodsburg  in 
1839  he  practised  law  with  Mr.  Cunningham. 
He  was  appointed  police  judge  by  Governor 

[325] 


MAGOON 


MAGOUN 


Letcher,  a  Whig,  in  1840  ;  was  a  state  senator  in 
1850  ;  a  presidential  elector  in  1844,  1848  and 
1852  ;  a  delegate  to  the  Democratic  national  con 
ventions  of  1848,  1856  and  I860  ;  was  the  unsuc 
cessful  candidate  for  lieutenant-governor  in  1855, 
and  was  governor  of  the  state  from  Sept.  1,  1859, 
to  Aug.  18,  1862,  when  he  resigned  the  office, 
finding  it  impossible  to  carry  out  the  policy  of 
neutrality  between  the  contending  sections.  He 
was  opposed  to  secession,  but  sympathizing  with 
the  South,  he  refused  to  respond  to  the  Pres 
ident's  call  for  troops.  In  1865  he  urged  the 
people  of  Kentucky  promptly  to  accept  the  re 
sults  of  the  war  and  abide  by  the  constitutional 
amendments.  He  was  a  representative  from  Mer 
cer  county  in  the  state  legislature,  1867-69,  and 
was  appointed  by  President  Hayes  an  honorary 
commissioner  to  represent  Kentucky  at  the  Paris 
exposition  of  1878.  He  was  married  in  1840  to 
AnnaN.,  daughter  of  Isaac  Shelby  of  Arcadia, 
Ky.,  and  a  granddaughter  of  Governor  Isaac 
Shelby  (q.v.).  His  son,  Samuel  M.  Magoffin, 
graduated  from  Centre  college  iu  1878  and  settled 
in  St.  Paul,  Minn.  Governor  Magoffin  established 
the  Institute  for  Feeble-minded  at  Frankfort.  Ky., 
and  was  a  supporter  of  the  public-school  system. 
He  died  at  Harrodsburg,  Ky.,  Feb.  28,  1885. 

MAGOON,  Elias  Lyman,  bibliophile,  was  born 
in  Lebanon,  N.H.,  Oct.  20,  1810,  His  father  was 
an  architect  and  his  grandfather,  a  Baptist  clergy 
man,  served  in  the  Revolution.  He  was  an 
apprentice  to  a  brick-layer,  1826-30,  and  earned 
the  money  to  pay  for  his  education.  He  was 
prepared  for  college  at  New  Hampton  academy  ; 
attended  Waterville  college,  Maine,  1836,  and 
was  graduated  from  the  Newton  Theological  insti 
tution  in  1839.  He  was  ordained  to  the  Baptist 
ministry  in  Boston,  Mass.,  in  August,  1839,  and 
was  pastor  at  Richmond,  Va.,  1839-46  ;  was  in 
Europe,  1840-46  ;  was  pastor  of  the  Ninth  Street 
church  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  1846-50,  of  the  Oliver 
Street  church,  New  York  city,  1850-58,  of  the 
First  church,  Albany,  N.Y.,  1858-68,  and  of  the 
Broad  Street  church,  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  1868-84. 
He  withdrew  from  the  ministry  in  April,  1884, 
and  resided  in  Philadelphia  until  his  death.  He 
was  collector  of  books  and  works  of  art,  and 
before  his  death  gave  his  large  collections  of 
Protestant  theological  books  to  the  Newton 
Theological  institution,  his  Roman  Catholic  col 
lection  to  Cardinal  John  McCloskey,  his  miscel 
laneous  \vorks  to  Colby  university  and  Bates  col 
lege,  Maine,  his  illustrated  art  works  to  the  Uni 
versity  of  Rochester,  and  his  collection  of  water- 
color  drawings  to  the  Metropolitan  Museum  of 
Art,  New  York.  He  also  sold  his  paintings  to 
Vassar  college,  of  which  institution  he  was  a 
trustee.  He  received  the  honorary  degree  A.M. 
from  Waterville  college  in  1842,  and  that  of  D.D. 


from  the  University  of  Rochester  in  1853.     He  is 
the  author  of  :  Eloquence   of  the  Colonial  Times 

(1847)  ;    Orators    of  the    American    Revolution 

(1848)  ;  Proverbs  for   the   People  (1848)  ;  Livimj 
Orators  in  America  (1849) ;  Republican  Christian 
ity  (1849)  ;  Westivard  Empire  (1856).     He  died  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Nov.  25,  1886. 

MAGOUN,  George  Frederic,  educator,  was 
born  in  Bath,  Maine,  March  29,1821  ;  son  of  David 
Crocker  and  Hanna  Crocker  (Webb)  Magoun, 
grandson  of  Elisha  and  Lydia  (Neal)  Magoun; 
.and  a  lineal  descendant  of  John  Magune  of  Scot 
land,  who  came  to  Hingham,  Mass.,  in  1655,  and 
removed  to  Scituate,  Mass.,  in  1665.  He  was  pre 
pared  for  college  at  Bath  academy  and  was  grad 
uated  at  Bowdoin,  A.B.,  1841,  A.M.,  1844.  He 
attended  Andover  Theological  seminary,  1841-42, 
and  Yale  Theological  seminary,  1842-44;  was  prin 
cipal  of  academies  at  Galena.  111.,  and  Platt.sville, 
Wis.,  1844-46  :  acting  pastor  of  the  Presbyterian 
church,  Shullsburg.  Wis..  1847-48  ;  was  ordained 
Jan.  25,  1848  ;  was  pastor  of  the  Second  church, 
Galena,  111.,  1848-51  ;  assistant  pastor  of  the  Con 
gregational  church,  Davenport,  Iowa,  1855-56, 
and  its  pastor,  1856-61  ;  and  pastor  at  Lyons, 
Iowa,  1861-64.  He  was  president  of  Iowa  col 
lege  at  Grinnell,  1864-84,  and  held  also  the  Wil- 
liston  chair  of  mental  and  moral  science,  1864-90. 
He  was  a  lecturer  on  ''  Home  Missions  "  at  An 
dover,  1878-81  ;  delegate  to  the  international  con 
gress  at  Cologne  in  1882.  and  representative  of  the 
national  council  of  the  United  States  at  the  semi 
centennial  of  the  Congregational  Union  of  Eng 
land  and  Wales,  1882.  During  his  administration 
Iowa  college  lost  by  fire  half  of  its  buildings,  and 
by  tornado  the  entire  group  of  buildings  with  ap 
pliances,  apparatus,  museum  of  natural  history 
and  library,  and  he  raised  the  money  and  restored 
the  damage  with  valuable  additions.  Dr.  Ma 
goun  was  twice  married  :  in  1847  to  Abbie  Anne 
Hyde  of  Bath,  Maine,  and  in  1870  to  Elizabeth 
Earle  of  Brunswick,  Maine.  He  was  a  corpo 
rate  member  of  the  A.  B.  C.  F.  M.,  director  of 
the  Chicago  Theological  seminary,  member  of 
the  advisory  committee  of  the  Congress  of  Na 
tions,  1893,  and  an  advocate  of  anti-slavery,  peace 
and  temperance.  He  received  the  honorary 
degree  of  D.I),  from  Bowdoin  in  1867.  He  was  a 
trustee  of  Iowa  college,  1856-84  ;  secretary  of  the 
board  of  trustees  in  the  corporation,  1856-61.  and 
president  of  the  board,  18(54-84.  He  is  the  author 
of  :  Life,  of  the  Rev.  Asa  Turncr(\W));  part  author 
of  Boston  Lectures  on  Scriptures  (1872),  and  con 
tributor  to  the  BibliotJieca  Sacra,  and  various  peri 
odicals.  He  died  in  Grinnell.  Iowa,  Jan.  30,  189(5. 

MAGOUN,  Herbert  William,  educator,  was 
born  in  Bath,  Maine.  Feb.  17, 1856  ;  son  of  Thomas 
Pointon  Ives  and  Maria  (Littlefield)  Magoun  ; 
grandson  of  David  Crooker  and  Hannah  Crocker 


[326] 


MAGOUN 


MAGRUDER 


(Webb)  Magoun  and  of  Moses  and  Esther  (Luf- 
kin)  Littleh'eld.  He  attended  scliool  at  Bath, 
1862-6!).  and  Worcester.  Mass.,  1869-74,  and  was 
graduated  at  Iowa  college.  A.B.,  1879,  A.M., 
1882.  He  was  assistant  principal  of  the  high 
school;  Oskaloosa,  Iowa,  1879-80  ;  principal  of 
the  grammar  school,  Bath,  Maine.  1880-81  ;  tutor 
at  Iowa  college,  1881-84 ;  a  student  at  Johns 
Hopkins  university,  1885-87  ;  fellow  there,  1887- 
88,  fellow  by  courtesy,  1888-90,  and  received  the 
degree  of  Ph.D.  in  1890.  He  was  acting  professor 
of  Greek  at  Colorado  college,  1890-91  ;  librarian 
of  McKay  library,  Johns  Hopkins  university, 
1891-92  ;  acting  professor  of  Greek,  Oberlin  col 
lege,  1892-93,  and  acting  professor  of  Latin  there, 
1893-95.  He  was  in  Maine  settling  an  estate  in 
the  fall  of  1886  ;  was  engaged  in  research,  1895- 
96  and  1897-98,  and  was  professor  of  Latin  in 
Rediield  college,  S.D.,  1898-99,  and  of  Latin  and 
Greek  there  from  1899.  He  was  married,  June 
8.  1892,  to  Martha  Roberts  Mann  (q.v.).  He  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  American  Oriental 
society  in  1887,  of  the  American  Philological 
association  in  1891,  and  of  the  Archaeological  In 
stitute  of  America  in  1898.  He  is  the  author  of 
various  articles  on  Hindu  witchcraft,  etc..  pub 
lished  in  the  American  Journal  of  Philology 
(1889  and  1900),  in  the  Proceedings  of  the  Amer 
ican  Philological  association  (1894,  et  seq.),  in  the 
Proceedings  of  the  American  Oriental  Society 
(1888  et  seq.),  articles  on  the  "  Early  Religion  of 
the  Hindus"  in  the  Bibliotheca  Sacra  (1897-98), 
and  others  published  elsewhere. 

MAGOUN,  Martha  Roberts  (Mann),  educator, 
was  born  in  Charlestown,  Mass.,  June  26,  1861  ; 
daughter  of  Alexander  and  Sarah  (Roberts) 
Mann  ;  granddaughter  of  Jairusand  Desire  (Whit 
ing)  Mann  and  of  Dimon  and  Martha  (Hemmen- 
way)  Roberts,  and  a  lineal  descendant  of  Richard 
Man,  a  native  of  England,  who  settled  in  Scituate, 
Mass.,  about  1644.  She  was  graduated  at  Wellesley 
college,  A.B.,  1885;  was  a  special  student  at 
Zurich,  Switzerland,  1886-87  ;  teacher  of  botany 
at  Wellesley,  1887-88 ;  special  student  at  the 
Massachusetts  Institute  of  Technology,  1888-89, 
and  acting  professor  of  botany  and  biology,  Colo 
rado  college,  1890-91.  She  was  married,  June  8, 
1892,  to  Dr.  Herbert  W.  Magoun  (q.v.). 

MAGRATH,  Andrew  Gordon,  jurist,  was  born 
in  Charleston,  S.C.,  Feb.  8,  1813.  He  was  gradu 
ated  from  the  South  Carolina  college  in  1831  ; 
studied  at  the  Harvard  Law  school,  and  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in  1835.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  the  South  Carolina  legislature,  1840-44  ; 
practised  law  in  Charleston,  1814-56,  and  was 
U.S.  judge  of  the  district  court  of  South  Carolina, 
1856-61.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  state  secession 
convention,  OUP  of  the  Confederate  States  judges 
for  South  Carolina,  1861-64,  and  governor  of  the 


state  in  1864-65.  In  1865  he  was  arrested  by  the 
Federal  authorities  and  confined  in  Fort  Pulaski. 
He  resumed  his  law  practice  in  December,  1865, 
and  died  in  Charleston,  S.C.,  April  9,  1893. 

MAGRATH,  William,  artist,  was  born  in  Cork, 
Ireland,  March  20,  1838.  He  studied  in  the  Cork 
School  of  Art,  and  in  1855  came  to  the  United 
States.  He  opened  a  studio  in  New  York 
city  in  1865;  was  in  England,  1879-83;  located 
his  studio  in  Wash 
ington  for  a  short 
time  ;  returned  to 
England,  and  in  1893 
settled  in  New  York 
city.  He  was  elected 
a  member  of  the 
American  Society  of 
Painters  in  Water 
Color,  an  associate  of 
the  National  Acad 
emy  of  Design  in 
1874,  and  an  acade 
mician  in  1877.  He 
devoted  himself  to 
landscape  and  figure 
painting,  chiefly  of 

Irish  peasant  life,  and  exhibited  :  Mussel-Gath 
erers.  Nora,  An  Irish  Thatched  Cottage  and  On 
the  Hillside,  at  the  Centennial  exhibition  of  1876. 
Among  his  paintings  in  oil  are  :  Irish  Peasantry 
Returning  from  the  Fair  (1869)  ;  The  Road  to 
Kenmair  (1870);  The  Reveille  (1871);  The  Empty 
Flagon  (1873);  Reveries  (1874);  Faltering  Foot 
steps  (1874);  Rustic  Courtship  (1876);  Girl  Spin 
ning  (1877);  Paddy's  Pets  (1877);  On  the  Old  Sod, 
owned  by  the  Metropolitan  Museum  of  Art,  New 
York  (1878) ;  A  Touch  of  the  Blarney  ;  Cabin  Com 
fort  and  S/m/e  Aroon,  (1880).  About  1884  he 
turned  his  attention  to  Greco-Roman  subjects  and 
produced  :  A  Bacchic  Dance ;  Favors  for  the  Fair  ; 
A  Bacchante. 

MAGRUDER,  Allan  Bowie,  senator,  was  born 
in  Kentucky  in  1775.  He  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1796  and  settled  in  practice  in  Lexington, 
Ky.  He  was  a  representative  in  the  Kentucky 
legislature  and  subsequently  removed  to  Louisi 
ana,  where  he  practised  law.  He  was  elected, 
with  John  Neol  Destrehan,  U.S.  senator  from  the 
newly  admitted  state  of  Louisiana  in  May,  1812, 
and  he  drew  the  term  expiring  March  3, 1813.  De 
strehan  did  not  take  the  seat,  which  fell  to  Thomas 
Posey.  He  collected  the  material  for  a  "  History 
of  the  North  American  Indians,"  which  he  left 
in  MS.,  and  is  the  author  of:  Reflections  on  the 
Cession  of  Louisiana  (1803);  Character  of  Mr.  Jef 
ferson.  Ho  died  ;it  Opelousns.  La..  April  16,  1822. 

MAGRUDER,  John  Bankhead,  soldier,  was 
born  near  Port  Royal,  Va.,  Aug.  15,  1810  ;  son  of 
Thomas  and  Eliza  (Bankhead)  Magriuler.  Ho 

27J 


MAG RUDER 


MAGRUDER 


was  graduated  from  the  U.S.  Military  academy, 
July  1,  1830  ;  was  promoted  1st  lieutenant  in  the 
1st  artillery,  March  31,  1836,  and  was  on  ordnance 
duty,  183G-37.  Ho  participated  in  the  Florida 
war,  1837-38  ;  was  in  garrison  in  New  York,  1838- 

40,  and  was  on  re 
cruiting  service  dur 
ing  the  Canada 
border  disturbances, 
1840-42.  He  took 
part  in  the  military 
occupation  of  Texas, 
1845-46,  and  in  the 
war  with  Mexico, 
being  engaged  in  the 
battles  of  Palo  Alto 
and  Resaca  de  la  Pal- 
ma,  the  siege  of 
Vera  Cruz,  the  battle 
of  Cerro  Gordo,  the 
skirmishes  at  La 
Hoya  and  Oka  Laka, 
the  battles  of  Contreras  and  Molino  del  Rev,  the 
storming  of  Chapultepec,  and  the  assault  and 
capture  of  the  city  of  Mexico.  He  was  promoted 
captain  in  the  1st  artillery,  June  18,  1846,  was 
brevetted  major,  April  18,  1847,  for  Cerro  Gordo, 
and  lieutenant-colonel,  Sept.  13,  1847.  for  Cha 
pultepec.  He  served  in  garrison,  ou  recruiting 
service  and  on  frontier  duty  in  Maryland  and 
California,  1848-53 ;  was  on  leave  of  absence, 
1853-55,  and  on  his  return  served  on  various 
duties  in  Texas,  Louisiana,  Rhode  Island,  Kansas 
and  Washington,  D.C.,  1855-61.  He  resigned 
from  the  U.S.  army,  April  20,  1861,  and  joined 
the  Confederate  States  army.  He  was  appointed 
colonel  of  a  corps  of  infantry,  commanded  the 
Confederate  forces  of  between  300  and  400  men, 
and  gained  the  battle  of  Big  Bethel.  June  10, 
1861.  On  June  17,  1861,  he  was  promoted  briga 
dier-general  and  engaged  in  covering  the  ap 
proaches  to  Richmond  from  the  seaboard  with  an 
army  of  12,000  men,  with  headquarters  at  York- 
town,  and  he  successfully  resisted  the  approach 
of  General  McClellan  for  several  weeks,  until 
compelled  by  illness  to  relinquish  his  command. 
He  was  promoted  major-general,  Oct.  7,  1862,  and 
commanded  a  division  in  the  seven  days'  fighting 
around  Richmond,  where  he  commanded  the  di 
visions  of  Gens.  D.  R.  Jones  and  Lafayette  Mc- 
Laws,  and  his  own,  with  the  artillery  under  Col. 
S.  D.  Lee.  During  the  change  of  base  of  McClel- 
lan's  army,  Magruder  engaged  his  rear-guard  at 
Allen's  Farm  (Peach  Orchard).  June  29,  1862.  At 
the  battle  of  Malvern  Hill,  July  1,  1862,  Generals 
Magruder,  Huger  and  McLaws  distinguished 
themselves  by  their  detailed  attack,  and  although 
they  were  ordered  to  retire,  before  doing  so  they 
inflicted  and  sustained  a  great  loss.  General 


Magruder's  success  on  the  peninsula  led  President 
Davis  to  give  him  the  command  of  the  new  De 
partment  of  the  trans-Mississippi,  but  before  he 
reached  his  post  he  was  recalled  to  Richmond  and 
was  subsequently  ordered  to  the  Department  of 
Texas,  Oct.  16,  1862.  On  arriving  he  found  Gal- 
veston  in  possession  of  the  Federal  forces,  but  by 
a  joint  land  and  naval  attack  he  succeeded  in 
capturing  the  city,  Jan.  1,  1863,  together  with 
600  prisoners,  the  steamer  Harriet  Lane,  two 
barges,  a  schooner,  and  a  quantity  of  valuable 
stores  and  arms.  He  commanded  the  Depart 
ment  of  Texas  until  Aug.  11,  1864,  when  he  was 
assigned  to  the  district  of  New  Mexico  and  Ari 
zona,  where  he  remained  until  the  close  of  the 
war.  He  then  entered  Maximilian's  army  in 
Mexico,  with  the  rank  of  major-general,  and 
served  until  Maximilian's  execution.  He  re 
turned  to  the  United  States  in  1869,  and  settled  in 
Houston,  Texas.  Ha  was  married  to  Henrietta, 
daughter  of  Herman  Von  Kappf  of  Baltimore. 
He  died  in  Houston,  Texas.,  Feb.  19,  1871. 

MAGRUDER,  Julia,  author,  was  born  in 
Charlottes ville,  Va.,  Sept.  14,  1854;  daughter  of 
Allan  Bowie  and  Sarah  (Gilliam)  Magruder  and 
granddaughter  of  Thomas  and  Eliza  (Bankhead) 
Magruder.  She  was  educated  by  private  tutors 
and  at  an  early  age  began  to  contribute  to  the 
current  magazines.  She  is  the  author  of  :  Across 
the  Chasm,  anonymous  (1885);  At  Anchor  (18s;); 
A  Magnificent  Plebeian  (1887);  Honored  in  tl/e 
Breach  (1889);  The  Child  Amy  (1893);  A  Realized 
Ideal  (1894);  The  Princess  Sonia  (1895);  The 
Violet  (1896);  Dead  Selves  (1897);  Miss  Ayr  of 
Virginia  (1897);  A  Heaven-Kissing  Hill  (1897); 
A  Beaut  if  id  Alien  (1898);  A  Labor  of  Loi-e  (1898); 
Stnian  (1899);  A  Manifest  Destiny  (1900):  .1 
Sunny  Southerner  (1901).  See  also  compiled 
Child  Sketches  from  George  Eliot  (1895). 

MAGRUDER,  William  Thomas,  educator, 
was  born  in  Baltimore,  Mel.,  April  22,  1861  ;  son 
of  William  Thomas  and  Mary  Clayton  (Hamil 
ton)  Magruder,  and  grandson  of  William  and 
Mary  (Clayton)  Hamilton.  He  attended  Trinity 
school,  New  York  city,  1869-72  ;  St.  John's  school 
Sing  Sing,  N.Y.,  1872-76,  and  the  Peekskill, 
(N.Y.)  Military  academy,  1876-77.  He  was  grad 
uated  from  the  Stevens  Institute  of  Technology, 
M.E.,  1881,  and  was  a  graduate  student  at  the 
John  Hopkins  university,  1886-87.  He  was  em 
ployed  as  draftsman  and  designer  by  the  Camp 
bell  Printing  Press  and  Manufacturing  company 
at  Taunton,  Mass.,  1881-86;  was  chief  chemist 
of  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  railroad  in  1887  ;  in 
structor  and  adjunct  professor  of  mechanical 
engineering  at  Vanderbilt  university,  Nashville, 
Tenn.,  1887-96,  and  was  elected  professor  of 
mechanical  engineering  at  the  Ohio  State  univer 
sity  in  1896.  He  was  married,  June  18,  1891,  to- 


[328] 


MA  GUI  RE. 


MAHAN 


Ellen  Fall  Mai  one,  daughter  of  Thomas  Henry 
and  Ellen  Douglas  (Fall)  Malono,  of  Nashville, 
Tenn.  He  \vas  elected  a  member  of  the  Ameri 
can  Society  of  Mechanical  Engineers  in  1884  ;  the 
American  Institute  of  Mining  Engineers  in  1888  ; 
the  American  Association  for  the  Advancement 
of  Science  in  1888,  fellow  in  1899,  and  secretary 
section  D  of  same,  1900  ;  and  a  member  of  the 
Society  for  the  Promotion  of  Engineering  Educa 
tion  in  1893,  and  member  of  the  council,  1899. 

MAQUIRE,  James  Q.,  jurist,  was  born  in 
Boston,  Mass.,  Feb.  22,  1853.  He  removed  with 
his  parents  to  California  in  April,  1854;  settled 
in  Watsonville,  Cal.,  and  attended  the  public 
schools  of  Santa  Cruz  county,  and  the  private 
academy  kept  by  Joseph  K.  Fallen  at  Watson 
ville.  He  was  apprenticed  for  four  years  to  a 
blacksmith ;  taught  school  for  a  year ;  was  a 
representative  in  the  state  legislature,  1875-77 ; 
and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  January,  1878. 
He  was  married.  March  G.  1881 ,  to  Louisa  J.  Joyce. 
He  was  judge  of  the  superior  court  of  San  Fran 
cisco,  1882-88  ;  was  a  Democratic  representative 
in  the  53d,  54th  and  55th  congresses,  1893-99  ; 
and  the  unsuccessful  candidate  for  governor  of 
the  state  in  1898. 

MAHAN,  Alfred  Thayer,  naval  officer  and 
author,  was  born  in  West  Point,  N.Y.,  Sept.  27, 
1840 ;  son  of  Dennis  Hart  and  Mary  Helena 
(O'Kill)  Malian.  His  father  was  professor  of 
military  engineering  in  the  U.S.  Military  acad 
emy.  He  was  grad 
uated  from  the  U.S. 
Naval  academy  and 
promoted  midship 
man,  June  9,  1859  ; 
served  on  the  Brazil 
sq  uad  ron ,  1 859-C 1 , 
and  on  the  steamer 
Pocahontas  of  the 
South  Atlantic  block 
ading  squadron. 1861- 
62  ;  was  promoted 
lieutenant,  Aug.  31, 
1861,  was  on  duty 

at    the     NaVal      acad' 

emy,       1862-63;      on 
the       steam        sloop 

Seminole  of  the  Western  Gulf  squadron,  1863-64, 
and  on  the  steamer  James  Adger  of  the  South 
Atlantic  squadron,  1864-65  ;  was  promoted  lieu 
tenant-commander,  June  7.  1865;  served  on  the 
steamer  Muscoota  of  the  Gulf  squadron,  1865-66  ; 
the  steamer  Iroqnois  of  the  Asiatic  squadron, 
1867-69  ;  and  commanded  the  steamer  Arooxtook 
of  the  Asiatic  fleet  in  1869  ;  was  stationed  at  the 
New  York  navy  yard,  1870-71,  and  on  the  receiv 
ing  ship  at  New  York  in  1872  ;  was  promoted 
commander,  Nov.  20,  1872,  commanded  the  Wasp 


on  the  South  Atlantic  station,  1873-75,  and  was 
stationed  at  the  Boston  navy  yard,  1875-76.  He 
was  on  duty  at  the  Naval  academy,  1877-80,  at  the 
New  York  navy  yard,  1880-83  ;  commanded  the 
Wachusett  on  the  Pacific  station,  1883-85  ;  was 
promoted  captain,  Sept.  23,  1885  ;  was  stationed 
at  the  Naval  War  college,  Newport,  R.I.,  in  1885, 
and  was  president  of  the  Naval  War  college, 
1886-89.  He  was  president  of  a  commission  for 
selecting  a  site  for  a  navy  yard  on  the  northwest 
coast  in  1889,  and  was  on  special  duty  for  the 
bureau  of  navigation  from  1889  to  July,  1892.  He 
was  president  of  the  War  college  at  Newport, 
from  July,  1892,  to  May,  1893,  and  commanded 
the  Chicago,  1893-95.  He  was  retired  at  his  own 
request,  Nov.  17,  1896,  having  completed  forty 
years  of  service.  In  accordance  with  the  terms 
of  his  retirement,  he  was  subject  to  duty  in  case 
of  war,  and  at  the  outbreak  of  the  Spanish- 
American  war  was  recalled  from  Rome,  and  or 
dered  into  the  naval  strategy  board  in  May,  1898, 
and  served  throughout  the  war.  He  was  a  dele 
gate  from  the  United  States  to  the  disarmament 
congress  which  met  at  the  Hague,  on  May  18, 
1899.  He  received  the  degree  of  D.C.L.  from 
Oxford  university  in  1894  ;  and  that  of  LL.D.  from 
Cambridge  university,  England,  in  1894,  from 
Harvard  in  1895,  from  Yale  in  1897,  from  Mc- 
Gill  university,  Canada,  and  Columbia  univer 
sity,  1900.  He  is  the  author  of  :  Navy  in  the  Civil 
War,  Gulf  and  Inland  Waters  (1883);  Influence 
of  Sea  Power  upon  History  (1890);  Influence  of 
Sea  Power  on  French  Itei'olntion  and  Empire 
(1892);  Life  of  Fan-ay  tit  (1892);  Life  of  Nelson 
(1897);  Interest  of  America  in  Sea  Power  (1897); 
Lessons  of  the  Spanish  War  (1899);  Tlie  War  in 
South  Africa  (1900) ;  Problem  of  Asia  (1900),  and 
contributions  to  newspapers  and  magazines. 

MAHAN,  Asa,  educator,  was  born  in  Vernon, 
N.Y.,  Nov.  9,  1800.  He  was  graduated  from 
Hamilton  college  in  1824  and  from  Andover 
Theological  seminary  in  1827.  He  was  ordained 
to  the  Congregational  ministry,  Nov.  10,  1829,  and 
was  pastor  of  the  church  at  Pittsford,  N.Y., 
1829-31  ;  and  of  the  Sixth  Presbyterian  church 
Cincinnati,  Ohio,  1831-35.  He  was  elected  first 
president  of  Oberlin  Collegiate  institute  in  1835, 
and  was  professor  of  intellectual  and  moral  phil 
osophy  and  associate  professor  of  theology  in 
Oberlin  college,  1835-50.  He  resigned  the  presi 
dency  of  Oberlin  in  1850  ;  was  president  of  Cleve 
land  university,  Ohio,  and  professor  of  mental 
and  moral  philosophy  there,  1850-54.  He  was 
pastor  of  Congregational  churches  at  Jackson, 
1855-57,  and  Adrian,  Mich.,  1857-60,  and  was 
president  of  Adrian  college  and  professor  of  men 
tal  and  moral  philosophy  there,  1860-71.  He  re 
moved  to  Eastbourne,  England,  in  1871,  where  he 
engaged  in  literary  work  until  his  death.  He 


[329] 


MAHAN 


MAHAN 


was  trustee  of  Lane  Theological  seminary, 1831-36, 
and  resigned  because  the  board  of  directors  for 
bade  the  discussion  of  the  question  of  slavery 
among  the  students.  He  received  the  degree  of 
D.D.  from  Hillsdale  college,  Mich.,  in  1838,  and 


ADRIAN       COLLEGE.    ,MICHI<S  A  AJ. 

that  of  LL.D.  from  Adrian  in  1877.  He  is  the 
author  of  :  Scripture  Doctrine  of  Christian  Per 
fection  (1839);  System  of  Intellectual  Philosophy 
(1845);  The  Doctrine  of  the  Will  (1846);  The 
True  Believer,  his  Character,  Duties  and  Privi 
leges  (1847);  The  Science  of  Moral  Pliilosophy 
(1848);  Election  and  the  Influence  of  the  Holy 
Spirit  (1851);  Modern  Mysteries  Explained  and 
Exposed  (1855);  Tlie  Science  of  Logic  (1857); 
Science  of  Natural  Theology  (1867);  Theism  and 
Anti-Theism  in  their  Relations  to  Science  (1872); 
The  Phenomena  of  Spiritualism  Scientifically  Ex 
plained  and  Exposed  (1876) ;  Critical  History  of 
the  late  American  War  (1877);  A  System  of 
Mental  Philosophy  (1882);  Critical  History  of 
Pliilosophy  (1883)  and  contributions  to  the  reli 
gious  and  educational  periodicals  of  the  United 
States  and  England.  He  died  in  Eastbourne, 
England,  April  4,  1889. 

MAHAN,  Dennis  Hart,  engineer,  was  born  in 
New  York  city,  April  2,  1802 ;  son  of  John  and 
Mary  (Cleary)  Mahan.  His  parents  removed  to 
Norfolk,  Va.,  and  he  was  graduated  at  the  U.S. 
Military  academy  at  the  head  of  the  class  of  1824 
and  assigned  to  the  corps  of  'engineers.  He  was 
acting  assistant  professor  of  mathematics  at 
West  Point,  1821-24  ;  2d  lieutenant  of  engineers, 
1824-32 ;  assistant  professor  of  mathematics, 
1824-25,  principal  assistant  professor  of  engineer 
ing,  1825-26,  student  of  engineering  in  Europe, 
1826-30,  and  was  attached  to  the  military  school  of 
engineers  and  artillery,  Metz,  France,  1829-30. 
He  was  acting  professor  of  engineering,  West 
Point,  1830-32 ;  resigned  from  the  engineer 
corps,  Jan.  1,  1832,  and  was  professor  of  engi 
neering,  U.S.  Military  academy,  1832-71,  being 
dean  of  the  faculty,  1838-71.  He  was  appointed 
by  Governor  Floyd  of  Virginia  a  member  of  the 
board  of  engineers  to  decide  the  true  and  proper 
route  of  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  railroad  to 
Wheeling,  Va.,  in  1850,  and  in  1871  was  elected 
an  overseer  of  the  Tliayer  School  of  Civil  En 
gineering.  He  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
Geographical  society  of  France  in  1828  ;  was  an 


original  incorporates  of  the  National  Academy 
of  Sciences  in  1803,  and  a  fellow  and  member  of 
various  learned  societies.  He  received  the  hon 
orary  degree  of  A.M.  from  Brown  and  from  the 
College  of  New  Jersey,  Princeton,  in  1837  ;  that 
of  LL.D.  from  William  and  Mary  and  from 
Brown  in  1852,  and  from  Dartmouth  in  1867.  His 
portrait  by  Weir  is  in  the  library  of  the  Academy 
at  West  Point.  He  was  married  to  Mary  Helena 
O'Kill  and  they  had  sons:  AlfredThayer  Mahan 
(q.v.);  Maj.  Frederick  Augustus  Mahan,  U.S.A., 
retired,  April  2,  1900,  and  Commander  Dennis 
Hart  Mahan,  U.S.N.  The  board  of  visitors 
to  the  Academy  in  1871  recommended  to  the 
President  that  be  be  retired,  and  although  Presi 
dent  Grant  assured  him  he  would  be  retained, 
the  decision  of  the  board  so  affected  his  mind  as 
to  cause  him  to  jump  overboard  from  the  steam 
er  bound  for  New  York  when  opposite  Stony 
Point,  and  he  was  drowned.  He  is  the  author 
of:  Treatise  on  Field  Fortifications  (1836) 
Elementary  Course  of  Civil  Engineering,  (1837, 
rewritten,  1868);  Elementary  Treatise  on  Ad 
vanced  Guard,  Outpost  and  Detachment  Scwice 
of  Troops  and  Strategy  (1847,  improved  edition, 
1862);  Elementary  Treatise  on  Industrial  Draw 
ings  (1853);  Descriptive  Geometry,  as  Applied  to 
the  Drauring  of  Fortifications  and  Stereotomy 
(1864);  Military  Engineering,  including  Field 
Fortifications,  Military  Mining  and  Siege  Opera 
tions  (1865);  Permanent  Fortifications  (1867). 
He  also  edited  with  additions  an  American  edi 
tion  of  Moseley's  "Mechanical  Principles  of  En 
gineering  and  Architecture"  (1856).  He  died 
near  Stony  Point,  N.Y.,  Sept.  16,  1871. 

MAHAN,  Milo,  educator  and  author,  was  born 
in  Suffolk,  Va.,  May  24,  1819.  He  was  a  student 
at  St.  Paul's  college,  Flushing,  Long  Island  ;  was 
ordered  deacon  in  the  Protestant  Episcopal 
church  in  1845,  and  ordained  priest  the  same 
year.  He  was  rector  of  Grace  church,  Jersey 
City,  N.J.,  1848-50,  assistant  rector  of  St.  Mark's 
church,  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  1850-51  ;  was  professor 
of  ecclesiastical  history  in  the  General  Theologi 
cal  seminary,  New  York  city,  1851-64,  and  rector 
of  St.  Paul's  church,  Baltimore,  Md.,  1864-70. 
He  was  married,  Aug.  24,  1853,  to  Mrs.  Mary  G. 
Lewis,  daughter  of  Redwood  Fisher,  of  Phila 
delphia.  He  received  the  degree  of  D.D.  from 
the  College  of  William  and  Mary,  Virginia,  1852. 
He  is  the  author  of  :  The  Exercise  of  Faith  (1831) ; 
History  of  the  Church,  during  the  First  Three 
Centuries  (I860  ;  2d  ed.,  including  seven  centuries, 
1872);  Reply  to  Cole n so  (1863);  Palmotii,  a 
Free  Inquiry  (1864);  Comedy  of  Canonization 
(1868).  His  works  were  collected  and  pub 
lished,  with  a  memoir,  by  the  Rev.  John  Henry 
Hopkins,  Jr.  (3  vols..  1872-75).  He  died  in  Bal 
timore.  Md.,  Sept.  3,  1870. 


[330] 


MAHANY 


MAJOR 


MAHANY,  Rowland  Blennerhassett,  repre 
sentative,  \vas  born  in  Buffalo.  N.  Y.,  Sept.  28, 
1864;  son  of  Kean  and  Catherine  (Reynolds) 
Mahany.  He  attended  the  public  schools,  worked 
•on  a  farm  and  was  instructor  in  the  Buffalo 
Classical  school.  1881-83.  He  attended  Hoburt 
college,  1882-84.  and  was  graduated  from  Har 
vard  in  1888.  He  was  associate  editor  of  the 
Buffalo  Express,  1888-89  ;  and  instructor  in  his 
tory  and  literature  at  the  Buffalo  high  school, 
1889-90.  He  declined  the  office  of  secretai'y  of 
the  U.S.  legation  to  Chili  in  1890.  and  in  1892  he 
was  appointed  envoy  extraordinary  and  minister 
plenipotentiary  to  Ecuador.  He  went  to  the  city  of 
Quito  but  soon  after  his  arrival  he  was  stricken 
with  fever  and  obliged  to  return  home.  He  was 
the  unsuccessful  candidate  for  representative  in 
the  53d  congress  in  1892  and  in  1893  he  returned 
to  Ecuador.  While  there  he  concluded  the 
Santos  treaty  in  nineteen  days.  He  was  a  Re 
publican  representative  from  the  thirty-second 
New  York  district  in  the  54th  and  55th  con 
gresses,  1895-99. 

MAHON,  Thaddeus  Maclay,  representative, 
was  born  in  Greenvillage,  Pa.,  May  21,  1840  ; 
son  of  Robert  and  Jane  (Wallace)  Mahon;  grand 
son  of  Robert  Mahon,  of  Irish  descent,  and  a  de 
scendant  of  William  Wallace,  of  Scotland.  He 
.attended  the  common  schools  and  academies  of 
Franklin  county  and  in  1861  enlisted  in  the  126th 
Pennsylvania,  serving.  1861-64.  In  1864  he  re-en 
listed  in  the  21st  Pennsylvania  cavalry,  5th  army 
corps,  and  was  wounded  at  Boydton  Plank  Road 
Vn..  Nov.  10,  1864.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  1871,  practised  in  southern  Pennsylvania,  and 
became  engaged  in  banking  and  railroad  enter 
prises.  He  was  a  representative  in  the  state 
legislature,  1870-72.  and  chairman  of  the  judi 
ciary  committee;  was  the  unsuccessful  candidate 
for  representative  in  the  45th  congress,  and  was 
a  Republican  representative  from  the  eighteenth 
Pennsylvania  district  in  the  53d-57th  congresses, 
1893-1903. 

MAHONE,  William,  senator,  was  born  in  South 
ampton  county,  Va. ,  Dec.  1,  1826  ;  son  of  Feilding 
and  Martha  (Drew)  Mahone.  He  was  graduated 
at  the  Virginia  Military  institute  in  1847.  became 
a  teacher  and  subsequently  a  civil  engineer,  and 
was  constructor  of  the  Norfolk  and  Petersburg 
railroad.  He  joined  the  Virginia  state  troops 
and  took  part  in  the  capture  of  the  Norfolk  navy 
yard  in  April,  1861.  He  raised  the  6th  Virginia 
regiment,  was  appointed  its  colonel,  was  promoted 
to  the  command  of  the  2d  brigade,  Huger's  divi 
sion,  Magruder's  command,  and  took  a  conspicuous 
part  in  the  battles  of  Seven  Pines  and  Malvern 
Hill.  In  the  Chancellorsville  campaign  he  com 
manded  the  3d  brigade,  R.H.  Anderson's  division, 
1st  corps,  Army  of  Northern  Virginia,  and  he  took 


part  in  the  battle  of  Petersburg.  July  1-3.  1863. 
At  Spottsylvania  he  commanded  Anderson's 
division,  when  that  officer  assumed  command  of 
Hill's  corps,  and  he  drove  Hancock  back  across 
the  river.  At  North  Anna  he  drove  Warren 
back,  and  on  the  Welden  road  he  again  opposed 
Warren,  and  his  division  formed  the  rear  of 
Longstreet's  corps  previous  to  the  surrender  of 
Lee.  He  was  promoted  major-general  in  August, 
1864.  After  the  surrender  he  became  interested 
in  railroad  engineering  and  was  elected  president 
of  the  Norfolk  and  Tennessee  railroad,  which  he 
rebuilt.  In  1878  he  advocate  the  nomination  of 
G.  C.  Walker  for  governor  of  Virginia  before 
the  Democratic  state  convention.  After  the  elec 
tion  his  views  on  the  question  of  the  payment  of 
the  public  debt  did  not  meet  the  approval  of  the 
Democratic  party,  and  he  organized  and  became 
a  prominent  leader  of  the  Readjuster  party, 
which  favored  the  partial  repudiation  of  the 
state  debt,  and  secured  the  control  of  the  state 
legislature.  In  1880  he  was  elected  U.S.  senator 
for  the  term  expiring  March  3,  1887,  and  in  the 
senate  acted  with  the  Republican  party.  He  was 
defeated  for  re-election  in  1886  by  J.  W.  Daniel. 
He  died  in  Washington,  D.C.,  Oct.  8,  1895. 

MAISH,  Levi,  representative,  was  born  in  York 
county,  Pa.,  Nov.  22,  1837.  He  attended  the 
York  County  academy;  served  as  an  apprentice  to 
a  machinist,  1854-56  :  recruited  a  company  of 
Pennsylvania  infantiy  in  1862,  and  joined  the 
113th  Pennsylvania  infantry,  of  which  he  was 
subsequently  appointed  lieutenant-colonel.  He 
was  wounded  at  the  battle  of  Antietam  ;  was 
promoted  colonel  for  gallantry  at  Fredericksburg, 
and  while  leading  his  regiment  at  Chancellors 
ville  he  was  again  wounded.  After  his  term  of 
service  had  expired,  he  attended  lectures  in  the 
law  department  of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania 
and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1864.  He  was  a 
representative  in  the  Pennsylvania  legislature, 
1867-68;  was  a  member  of  the  committee  that  in 
1872  examined  and  audited  the  accounts  of  cer 
tain  public  officers  of  York  county,  and  was  a 
Democratic  representative  in  the  44th,  45th,  50th 
and  51st  congresses,  1875-79  and  1887-91.  He 
prepared  the  Democratic  report  in  the  Clayton- 
Breckinridge  contest  and  was  a  member  of  the 
sub-committee  sent  to  Arkansas  to  investigate 
the  assassination  of  Clayton.  He  died  in  Wash 
ington,  D.C..  Feb.  26,  1899. 

MAJOR,  Charles,  author,  was  born  in  Indian 
apolis,  Ind.,  July  25,  1856;  son  of  Stephen  and 
Plioeby  Major  ;  grandson  of  William  Major,  and 
of  Scotch  ancestry.  His  father,  a  native  of  county 
Granard,  Ireland,  immigrated  to  the  United 
States  in  1829,  and  settled  in  Indiana,  where  he 
became  eminent  as  a  lawyer  and  jurist.  Charles 
attended  the  public  schools  of  Shelby ville,  Ind., 


[331] 


MALBONE 


MALCOM 


but  the  greater  part  of  his  education  was  received 
from  his  i'ather  and  from  private  teachers.  He 
studied  law  in  his  father's  ofrice  and  traveled 
widely  in  the  United  States  and  Europe,  becom 
ing  interested  in  English  history.  He  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  Shelby  county  r>ar  in  1877.  and 
practised  in  Shelbyville.  He  was  married,  Sep. 
29,  1883,  to  Alice,  daughter  of  Daniel  John  Shaw 
of  Shelbyville.  He  was  elected  city  clerk  in 
1885,  and  was  a  Democratic  representative  in  the 
Indiana  legislature,  1836-87.  He  contributed  to 
magazines  and  is  the  author  of:  When  KiiigJit- 
hood  Was  in  Flower  (1898)  ;  Bears  of  Blue  River 
(1901);  Dorothy  Vernon  of  Haddon  Hall  (1902). 

MALBONE,  Edward  Greene,  miniaturist,  was 
born  in  Newport,  R.I.,  in  August,  1777  ;  the  ille 
gitimate  son  of  Col.  John  Malbone,  and  grandson 
of  Col.  Godfrey  and  Margaret  (Scott)  Malbone. 
His  father  and  grandfather  were  wealthy  resi 
dents  of  Newport,  R.I.,  and  were  engaged  in 
privateering.  In  early  life  he  bore  his  mother's 
surname.  Greene,  but  later  by  act  of  legislature 
he  assumed  the  name  of  his  father.  He  devoted 
himself  to  miniature  and  portrait  painting  in 
Providence,  R.I.,  1744-94;  Boston,  1796;  New 
York,  1797;  Philadelphia,  1798-99,  and  in  1800 
accompanied  Washington  Allston  to  Charleston, 
S.C.,  and  the  following  year  went  witli  him  to 
Europe,  where  his  work  was  highly  praised  by 
Benjamin  West,  who  remarked  :  "  A  man  who 
can  paint  such  pictures  need  not  come  to  England 
for  instruction."  He  returned  to  Charleston  in 
December,  1801,  where  he  gave  his  attention 
chiefly  to  miniature  painting.  He  also  executed 
orders  in  other  American  cities.  In  1806  he  was 
obliged  to  visit  the  West  Indies  for  his  health, 
but  received  no  permanent  relief  and  soon  suc- 
combed  to  phthisis.  As  an  American  miniature 
painter  Malbone  was  acknowledged  by  critics  to 
be  unrivalled.  Several  specimens  of  his  work 
are  in  the  Boston  Museum  of  Fine  Arts  and  the 
Pennsylvania  Academy  of  Fine  Arts  ;  and  The 
Hours,  painted  on  ivory  in  oil,  while  he  was  in 
London  in  1801,  was  purchased  from  the  heirs  and 
placed  in  the  Providence  Athenasum.  John 
Cheney's  engravings,  Egeria  and  Annette,  after 
Malbone's  portraits  of  two  of  the  Middleton 
ladies  of  South  Carolina,  became  well  known.  Mr. 
Malbone  also  painted  landscapes  and  figure  pieces 
in  oils,  and  his  own  portrait,  which  hangs  in  the 
Corcoran  Art  Gallery  in  Washington.  He  died 
in  Savannah,  Ga.,  May  7,  1807. 

MALBONE,  Francis,  senator,  was  born  in 
Newport,  R.I.,  in  1757;  son  of  Francis  Malbone, 
a  native  of  Prince  Anne  county,  Va.,  who  eaine 
with  his  brother,  Col.  Godfrey  Malbone,  to  Rhode 
Island  about  1755  ;  and  grandson  of  Adolphus 
Malbone  of  the  colony  of  Virginia.  Francis,  Sr., 
was  a  ship  master  in  tne  employ  of  his  uncle. 


Godfrey  Malbone,  and  afterward  engaged  in 
mercantile  pursuits  with  his  brother,  Evan,  as 
E.  &  F.  Malbone  and  became  enterprising  and 
successful  merchants  in  Newport  previous  to  the 
Revolution,  the  firm  being  dissolved  in  1784,  when 
Evan  died,  Francis  then  became  associated  with 
Daniel  Mason,  in  the  firm  of  Malbone  &  Mason, 
which  was  soon  dissolved  owing  to  heavy  losses. 
He  went  to  the  East  Indies  in  the  Mount  Hope 
on  her  first  voyage  in  1801,  and  again  in  1805, 
being  in  ill  health.  He  returned  to  Newport, 
Oct.  12,  1806,  and  was  met  by  the  Newport  Artil 
lery,  which  he  had  reorganized  after  the  war, 
and  was  its  colonel,  1792-1809.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  the  general  assembly  of  Rhode  Island, 
and  in  the  3d  and  4th  congresses,  1793-97,  and  in 
1809  he  was  elected  to  the  U.S.  senate.  He  left 
Newport,  Feb.  20,  1809,  for  Washington,  and  was 
admitted  to  his  seat  as  successor  to  Benjamin 
Howland  on  the  assembling  of  the  llth  congress, 
May  22,  1809,  and  served  until  his  sudden  death 
on  the  steps  of  the  capitol,  Washington.  D.C., 
when  on  his  way  to  public  worship,  June  4,  1809. 
MALCOM,  Howard,  educator,  was  born  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Jan.  19,  1799  ;  son  of  John  J. 
and  Deborah  (Howard)  Malcom,  grandson  of 
John  Howard,  a  wealthy  Philadelphia!!,  and  a 
descendant  of  Hugh  Roberts  of  Wales,  an  emi 
nent  member  of  the  Society  of  Friends,  who  came 
to  Pennsylvania  one  year  after  William  Penn. 
He  was  a  student  in  Dickinson  college,  1813-15, 
and  then  entered  the  counting  house  of  Miller  & 
Van  Buren,  shipping  merchants,  Philadelphia, 
where  he  remained  until  1818.  He  was  licensed 
to  preach  in  May,  1818,  and  completed  his  theolog 
ical  studies  in  Princeton  Theological  seminary, 
1819.  He  was  ordained  pastor  of  the  Baptist 
church  in  Hudson,  N.Y.,  April  23,  1820,  and  re 
signed  in  1825  to  become  general  secretary  of 
the  American  Sunday  School  Union.  He  was 
pastor  of  the  Federal  Street  Baptist  church.  Bos 
ton,  Mass.,  1827-31.  He  was  chosen  to  visit  the 
principal  Baptist  foreign  missionary  stations  by 
the  Triennial  convention,  in  Boston,  Mass.,  in 
1835,  and  returned  from  his  duties  in  1838.  He 
was  president 
of  Georgetown 
college,  Ky., 
and  professor 
of  metaphysics, 
political  econ 
omy  and  mo 
ral  philosophy 
there,  1839-49  : 
pastor  of  the 
Sansom  Street  church,  Philadelphia,  Pa,,  1849-51  ; 
president  of  the  University  at  Lewisbnrg.  Pa., 
and  professor  of  metaphysics  and  moral  phil 
osophy,  1651-57.  He  was  one  of  the  founders  of 


[WJ2] 


MALCOM 


MALLARY 


the  American  Baptist  Historical  society  and  was 
its  president,  1861-79.  He  was  one  of  the  found 
ers  of  the  American  Tract  society  and  its  vice- 
president  and  director  ;  honorary  president  of  the 
American  Peace  society,  and  senior  vice-president 
of  the  Pennsylvania  Colonization  society.  He 
received  the  honorary  degree  of  A.M.  from  Dick 
inson  college  in  1842,  that  of  D.D.  from  the  Uni 
versity  of  Vermont  and  Union  college  in  1843, 
and  that  of  LL.D.  from  the  University  at  Lewis- 
burg.  Pa.,  in  1857.  He  was  married  first,  May  1, 
1820,  to  Lydia  Shields  of  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  and 
their  son,  Thomas  Shields  Malcom  (1821-1886), 
Brown,  1839,  was  a  Baptist  clergyman.  He  was 
married  secondly  in  1838,  to  Anne  R.  Dyer  of  Bos 
ton,  Mass.  He  edited  :  Baxter's  ''Saint's  Rest  "  ; 
Thomas  a  Kernpis's  "Imitation  of  Christ''; 
Robert  Hall's  "  Helps  toZion's  Travellers  "  ;  Hen 
ry's  "  Communicants'  Companion  "  ;  Law's  "  Seri 
ous  Call  "  ;  Butler's  "  Analogy  of  Religion  and 
Nature  "  ;  and  "  Hymns  for  the  Conference  "  (1822). 
He  is  the  author  of :  Dictionary  of  the  .B/We(1828); 
The  Nature  and  the  Extent  of  the  Atonement 
(1829);  The  Christum  Rule  of  Marriage  (1830); 
Travels  in  Southeastern  Asia  (2  vols.,  1839);  In 
dex  to  Religions  Literature  (1869).  He  died  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.,  March  25,  1879. 

MALCOM,  William,  inventor,  was  horn  in  Sul 
livan,  Madison  county,  N.Y.,  Oct.  13,1823.  He 
received  an  excellent  education  and  engaged  in 
the  manufacture  of  fire-arms.  He  devoted  his 
leisure  time  to  the  study  of  optics,  and  invented 
a  powerful  magnifying  instrument  with  which  he 
could  see  clearly  the  composition  of  knots  in  a 
board  four  miles  from  his  experimenting  station, 
and  subsequently  invented  an  instrument  that 
did  not  require  adjustment  for  varying  distances. 
The  adjustment  of  the  different  lenses  used  in 
these  instruments  was  never  revealed  by  Mr.  Mal 
com  and  the  secret  died  with  him.  He  designed 
telescopes  for  the  Lick  observatory,  California, 
the  Royal  observatory.  Greenwich,  and  for  use 
by  the  United  States,  English,  Russian  and  Ital 
ian  governments  on  their  heavy  ordnance.  He 
died  in  Syracuse,  N.Y.,  July  12,  1890. 

MALLALIEU,  Willard  Francis,  M.E.  bishop, 
was  born  in  Button,  Worcester  county,  Mass., 
Dec.  11,  1828  ;  son  of  John  and  Lydia  (Emerson) 
Mallalieu  ;  grandson  of  Jonathan  and  Mallie 
(Hocart)  Mallalieu,  and  of  Willard  and  Rosina 
(Marsh)  Emerson,  and  a  descendant,  through 
Joshua2  and  Joshua1,  of  Francis  Mallalieu,  a 
Huguenot,  who  escaped  from  France  short!}"  after 
the  massacre  of  St.  Bartholomew,  Aug.  24.  1572  ; 
and  also  a  descendant,  through  Simeon  and  Persis 
(Davenport)  Emerson,  of  Richard  Davenport, 
Salem.  Mass.,  1628.  He  received  his  early  educa 
tion  in  the  public  schools  of  Millbury,  Mass.,  be 
came  a  member  of  the  Methodist  church  in  1840, 


and  was  graduated  at  Wesleyan  university  in 
1857.  He  was  married,  Oct.  13,  1858,  to  Eliza 
Francis  Atkins,  of  Sandwich,  Mass.  He  joined 
the  New  England  conference  of  the  Methodist 
Episcopal  church  in  April,  1858,  and  was  pastor  at 
Graf  ton,  Mass.,  1858- 
59;  of  the  Mt,  Bel- 
lingham  church, 

Chelsea,  1860--61  ;  of 
the  Common  Street 
church,  Lynn,  1862- 
63 ;  of  the  Union 
church,  Charlestown, 
1864,  and  of  the 
Bromfield  Street 

church,  Boston,  1865- 
67  and  1876-78.  In 
1867  he  declined  the 
presidency  of  the 
Central  Tennessee 
college.  He  was  pas- 
tor  of  the  Walnut 

Street  church,  Chelsea,  Mass.,  1860-70,  1875  and 
1879-81 ;  of  Trinity  church,  Worcester,  1871  ;  and 
of  the  Broadway  church,  Boston,  1872-74.  In  1875 
he  visited  Europe.  He  was  presiding  elder  of  the 
Boston  district,  1882-84;  and  was  elected  bishop 
in  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church  on  May  15, 
1884.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  General  Confer 
ence  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church  in  1872, 
1880,  1882  and  1884.  In  1868  he  became  a  mem 
ber  of  the  New  England  Historic  Genealogical 
society.  He  received  the  degree  of  D.D.  from  the 
East  Tennessee  Wesleyan  university  in  1874,  and 
that  of  LL.D.  from  New  Orleans  university,  1891. 
He  is  the  author  of  :  The  Why,  When  and  How 
of  Revivals  (1901),  The  Office  and  Work  of  the 
Holy  Spirit  (1901),  and  contributions  to  the 
Methodist  Quarterly  Review  and  other  periodicals. 
MALLARY,  Charles  Dutton,  educationist, 
was  born  in  West  Poultney,  Vt.,  Jan.  23,  1801  ; 
youngest  son  of  Daniel  and  Martha  (Dutton) 
Mallary,  and  grandson  of  Peter  and  Mary  (Mun- 
son)  Mallary.  His  father  removed  from  Cheshire, 
Conn.,  to  Poultney  in  1794.  He  was  graduated 
at  Middlebury  college,  Vt.,  in  1821,  and  in  1822  re 
moved  to  South  Carolina,  where  he  was  ordained 
to  the  Baptist  ministry  in  1824.  He  was  pastor 
in  Columbia,  S.C.,  1824-30;  Augusta,  Ga.,  1830- 
34,  and  Milledgeville,  Ga.,  1834-37,  and  in  1837 
became  an  agent  for  the  newly  chartered  Mercer 
university  at  Penfield,  Ga.,  of  which  he  was  made 
a  member  of  the  first  board  of  trustees  in  1839. 
He  collected  in  seventy  counties  of  Georgia  up 
wards  of  $120,000,  which  placed  the  university  on 
a  firm  basis.  He  then  took  up  evangelistic  and 
pastoral  work  in  middle  and  western  Georgia, 
which  he  continued  until  1852,  when  he  retired 
to  a  farm  near  Albanv.  Ga.  in  feeble  health. 


[333] 


MALLARY 


MALLERY 


He  received  the  decree  of  D.D.  from  Columbia  ant,  April  15,  1801,  was  promoted  captain  in  the 
university  in  1850  and  was  a  trustee  of  the  insti 
tution,  1847-63.  He  was  married  h'rst  in  18:25,  to 
Susan  Mary,  daughter  of  John  and  Sarah  (Bots- 
ford)  Evans,  and  granddaughter  of  Rev.  Edmund 
Botsford  of  Columbia,  S.C.  ;  and  after  her  death 
in  1835  to  Mrs.  Mary  E.  Welch  in  1840.  He  is  the 
author  of:  Life  of  Edmund  Botsford  (1832); 
Memoir  of  Jesse  Mercer  (1844);  Soul  Prosperity 
(1860).  He  died  near  Albany,  Ga.,  July  31,  1864. 

MALLARY,  Rollin  Carolos,  representative, 
was  born  in  Cheshire,  Conn.,  May  27,  1784  ;  son 
of  Daniel  and  Martha  (l)utton)  Mallary.  His 
father  removed  to  West  Poultney,  Yt..  with  his 
family  in  1794.  He  was  graduated  from  Middle- 
bury  college,  Vt..  A.B.,  1805,  A.M.,  1808,  stud 
ied  law  at  Middlebury  and  Rutland,  Vt.,  and 
taught  the  academy  in  Castleton,  Vt.,  in  1806. 
He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  March,  1807, 
and  practised  at  Castleton,  Vt.,  1807-18.  He 
•was  secretary  to  Governor  Smith,  1807  ;  to  Gov 
ernor  Galusha,  1809-12,  and  1815-19,  and  was 
state  attorney  for  Rutland  county,  1810-13. 
and  in  1815-16.  He  removed  to  Poultney,  Vt.. 
in  1818,  and  was  a  candidate  for  representative 
in  the  16th  congress  against  Orsamus  C.  Merrill 
of  Bennington,  who  was  declared  elected.  Mr. 
Mallary  contested  the  seat  and  the  house  of  rep 
resentatives  gave  him  the  seat,  Jan.  13,  1820. 
He  was  re-elected  to  the  17th-22d  congresses, serv 
ing  until  his  death.  He  was  chairman  of  the 
committee  on  manufacturers  in  the  20th  con 
gress,  reported  the  tariff  of  1828,  and  was  influen 
tial  in  securing  its  passage.  He  also  took  an  im 
portant  part  in  opposition  to  the  Missouri  com 
promise.  He  was  a  trustee  of  Middlebury  col 
lege,  1825-31.  He  was  married  to  Ruth,  daugh 
ter  of  John  Stanley  of  Poultuey.  Vt.  He  died  in 
Baltimore,  Md.,  on  his  way  home  from  Washing 
ton,  April  16,  18:51. 

MALLERY,  Qarrick,  ethnologist,  was  born  at 
Wilkesbarre,  Pa.,  April  2:5,  1831  ;  son  of  Judge 
Garrick  and  —  — ( Harris)  Mallery.  His  first 


ancestor  in  America  came  to  Boston  from  Eng 
land  in  1638  and  settled  in  New  Haven,  Conn., 
with  Theophilus  Eaton's  company  in  1641.  An 
other  ancestor,  John  Harris,  was  the  founder  of 
Harrisburg,  Pa.,  and  another,  William  Maclay, 
was  the  first  U.S.  senator  from  Pennsylvania. 
His  father  (born  in  Middlebury,  Conn.,  April  17. 
1784,  died  in  Philadelphia.  Pa.,  July  6,  1866),  was 
graduated  from  Yale.  1808  :  was  a  lawyer;  repre 
sentative  in  the  Pennsylvania  legislature,  1827- 
31  ;  judge,  Northumberland  county.  1831-36,  and 
received  LL.D.  from  Lafayette.  1840.  Garrick. 
Jr.,  was  graduated  from  Yale,  A. B..  1 H50  ;  and 
from  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  LL.B.. 
1853;  and  practised  law  in  Philadelphia,  1853-61. 
He  joined  the  volunteer  infantry  as  1st  lieuten- 


71st  Pennsylvania  volunteers,  June  4,  1801,  and 
served  in  Virginia  until  taken  prisoner  before 
Richmond  in  1862.  He  was  confined  in  Libby 
prison,  exchanged  in  1863  and  promoted  lieuten 
ant-colonel  of  the 
13th  Pennsylvania 
volunteer  cavalry, 
Feb.  17,  1863.  and 
commanded  a  regi 
ment  in  several  en 
gagements  in  Virgi 
nia  in  that  year.  On 
account  of  wounds 
he  joined  the  vet 
eran  reserve  corps  as 
lieutenant  -  colonel. 
July  1,  1864;  served 
as  judge  advocate  of 
courts  martial  from 
July,  1864,  to  Sep- 
tember,  1865,  and  was 

brevetted  colonel  of  volunteers  for  gallant  and 
meritorious  services  during  the  war.  March  13, 
1865.  He  entered  the  regular  service  as  captain 
in  the  43d  U.S.  infantry.  July  28,  1866.  and  served 
as  inspector  of  the  bureau  of  refugees,  freedmen, 
and  abandoned  lands  for  the  district  of  Virginia,. 
January  to  July,  1866.  He  was  mustered  out  of 
the  veteran  reserve  corps,  Nov.  5,  1866,  and  was 
brevetted  major  and  lieutenant-colonel,  U.S.A., 
March  2.  1867,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  serv 
ices  at  Garnett's  Farm,  June  27,  1862,  and  in  the 
battle  of  Peach  Orchard,  Va.,  June  29, 1862.  He 
was  acting  inspector-general  and  assistant  ad 
jutant-general  of  the  bureau  of  refugees,  freed 
men  and  abandoned  lands,  for  the  district  of  Vir 
ginia  ;  acting  judge  advocate  of  the  1st  military 
district  of  Virginia  ;  secretary  of  state  ;  adjutant- 
general,  and  for  a  short  time  acting  governor  of 
Virginia  during  the  reconstruction  period.  He 
subsequently  served  as  judge  advocate  of  the 
general  court-martial  at  Fort  McHenry,  Md.  He 
was  acting  signal  officer  and  assistant  to  the 
chief  signal  officer  at  Washington.  D.C..  1870-76  ; 
was  assigned  to  the  1st  U.S.  infantry.  Dec.  15, 
1876,  and  commanded  Fort  Rice.  Dak.  Ty.,  1876- 
77.  While  there  he  made  investigation  into  the 
pictographs  and  mythologies  of  the  Dakota 
Indians,  which  led  to  his  appointment  to  Major 
Powell's  geological  and  geographical  survey  of 
the  Rocky  Mountain  region,  where  he  devoted 
himself  to  the  ethnology  of  the  North  American 
Indian.  He  was  retired  from  the  U.S.  army, 
July  1,  1879,  on  account  of  wounds  received  in 
the  civil  war,  and  was  chief  of  the  bureau  of 
ethnology,  Washington,  D.C.,  1879-94.  He  was 
founder  and  president  of  the  Anthropological 
society  and  of  the  Cosmos  society  of  Washington, 


[884] 


MALLET 


MALLORY 


D.C.;  president  of  the  Philosophical  society,  and 
of  the  Literary  society  of  Washington,  and  of  the 
joint  commission  of  the  scientific  societies  of 
Washington  ;  also  chairman  of  the  Anthropolog 
ical  section  of  the  American  Association  for  the 
Advancement  of  Science  in  1881.  He  is  the 
author  of:  A  Calendar  of  the  Dakota  Nation 
(1877);  The  Former  and  Present  Number  of  our 
Indians  (1878):  Introduction  to  tlie  Study  of 
the  Sign  Language  among  the  Nortli  American 
Indian*  as  Illustrating  the  Gesture  Speech  of 
Mankind  (1880);  Gesture  Signs  and  Signals  of 
the  North  American  Indians  with  some  Compari 
sons  (1880);  Sign  Language  among  the  North 
American  Indians  compared  icith  that  of  other 
Peoples  and  Deaf  Mutes  (1881);  Pictographs  of 
the  NortJi  American  Indians  (1886);  Manners  and 
Meals  (1888);  Pltilosophy  and  Specialties  (1889); 
Israelite  and  Indian,  a  Parallel  in  Planes  of  Cul 
ture  (1889);  Custom  of  Courtesy  (1890).  He  died 
in  Washington,  B.C.,  Oct.  24,  1894. 

MALLET,  John  William,  chemist,  was  born 
in  Dublin,  Ireland,  Oct.  10,  1832;  son  of  Robert 
Mallet,  civil  engineer,  a  fellow  of  the  Royal 
Society  of  London.  He  was  graduated  at  Trinity 
college,  Dublin,  A.B.,  1853;  studied  chemistry  at 

the  University  of 
Gottingen,  and  re 
ceived  there  the  de 
gree  of  Ph.D.  in  1852. 
He  came  to  the 
United  States  in 
1853.  He  was  assist 
ant  professor  of  ana 
lytical  chemistry  at 
Anil  i  erst  college, 

Mass.,  1854  ;  chemist 
to  the  geological 
survey  of  Alabama, 
1855-5G  :  professor 

/^Uf77^l  a^S^A^  of  chemistry  at  the 
University  of  Alaba 
ma,  1856-60.  In  1861  he 

entered  the  service  of  the  Confederate  States  on 
the  staff  of  Gen.  R.  E.  Rodes  in  the  Army  of 
Northern  Virginia  ;  was  superintendent  of  C.S. 
ordnance  laboratories,  1862-65,  and  reached  the 
rank  of  lieutenant-colonel  of  artillery.  He  was 
professor  of  chemistry  in  the  medical  depart 
ment  of  the  University  of  Louisiana,  1865-68  ;  of 
analytical,  industrial  and  agricultural  chemistry 
in  the  University  of  Virginia,  1868-72  :  and  of 
general  and  industrial  chemistry  there,  1872-83. 
He  was  a  lecturer  at  Johns  Hopkins  university  on 
the  "  Utilization  of  Waste  Materials,"  in  1877,  and 
on  "The  Early  History  of  Chemical  Industries" 
in  1878.  He  was  professor  of  chemistry  and 
physics  and  chairman  of  the  faculty  in  the  Uni 
versity  of  Texas,  1883-84  ;  was  professor  of  chem- 

[885] 


istry  at  Jefferson  Medical  college,  Philadelphia, 
1884-85,  and  in  1885  became  again  professor  of 
general  and  industrial  chemistry  at  the  Univer 
sity  of  Virginia.  He  investigated  the  chemical 
methods  used  for  determining  organic  matters  in 
potable  waters  and  made  a  study  of  the  water 
supply  of  various  cities  in  the  United  States, 
comparing  botii  the  methods  and  the  waters,  for 
the  National  Board  of  Health  in  1880-82.  The 
report  011  this  investigation  was  published  by 
the  board  in  1882.  He  was  the  author  of 
sundry  scientific  papers  published  in  the  trans 
actions  of  learned  societies  in  America  and 
Europe.  He  received  the  honorary  degree  of 
M.D.  from  the  University  of  Louisiana  in  1868 
and  that  of  LL.D.  from  the  College  of  William 
and  Mary  and  from  the  University  of  Missis 
sippi  in  1872,  and  from  Princeton  university  at 
the  sesqui-centermial  celebration  of  1890.  He 
was  elected  a  fellow  of  the  Royal  Society  of 
London  in  1877,  was  president  of  the  American 
Chemical  society  in  1882,  a  vice-president  of 
the  Chemical  Society  of  London  in  1888-90 ; 
fellow  of  the  London  Chemical  society  ;  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Chemical  Society  of  Paris  and  the 
German  Chemical  society,  and  one  of  the  original 
members  of  the  American  Chemical  society  ;  as 
sociate  fellow  of  the  American  Academy  of  Arts 
and  Sciences,  Boston ;  corresponding  member 
of  the  New  York  Academy  of  Sciences  ;  mem 
ber  of  the  American  Philosophical  society,  and 
fellow  of  the  College  of  Physicians,  Philadel 
phia  ;  honorary  member  of  the  Medical  and 
Chirurgical  faculty  of  Maryland  ;  member  of 
Washington  Academy  of  Sciences,  Washing 
ton  ;  fellow  of  the  Medical  Society  of  Virginia, 
and  member  of  scientific  societies  in  Mexico  and 
Brazil.  He  three  times  served  as  a  member  of 
the  assay  commission  of  the  United  States.  He 
was  married  in  1857  to  Mary  E. ,  daughter  of 
Judge  John  J.  Ormond  of  Tuscaloosa,  Ala.,  and 
secondly  in  1888  to  Mrs.  Josephine  Burtheof'New 
Orleans,  La. ,  daughter  of  Joseph  Pages  of  Tou 
louse,  France. 

MALLORY,  Francis,  representative,  was  born 
in  Brunswick  county,  Va.,  where  he  was  brought 
up  and  educated.  He  settled  at  Hampton,  Va., 
as  a  planter.  He  was  a  representative  from  Vir 
ginia  in  the  25th,  26th  and  27th  congresses,  serv 
ing  from  Sept.  4,  1837,  to  March  3,  1843.  He  was 
appointed  U.S.  naval  agent  at  Norfolk,  Va.,  Nov. 
1.  1850,  by  President  Fillmore  and  held  this  office 
until  his  death  in  Norfolk,  March  26,  1860. 

MALLORY,  George  Scovill,  educator  and 
editor,  was  born  in  Watertown,  Conn.,  June  5, 

1838  ;  son  of  George  and — (Scovill) 

Mallory.  His  father  was  an  inventor  and  one 
of  the  founders  of  the  Wheeler  &  Wilson  Manu 
facturing  company  of  Bridgeport,  Conn.  George 


MALLORY 


MALONE 


Scovill  Mallory  was  graduated  at  Trinity  col 
lege,  Conn.,  in  1858,  and  at  the  Berkeley  Divinity 
school,  Middletown,  Conn.,  in  1862,  and  was 
ordered  deacon  in  the  Protestant  Episcopal 
church,  June  4,  1862.  He  was  adjunct  professor 
of  the  Latin  language  and  literature  at  Trinity 
college,  1862-64,  and  Brownell  professor  of  litera 
ture  and  oratory  there,  1864-72.  He  purchased  a 
half-ownership  in  the  Churchman,  a  weekly  re 
ligious  journal  published  in  New  York  city  in 
1866,  subsequently  becoming  sole  owner,  and 
was  its  editor,  1866-97.  He  was  treasurer  of 
Trinity  college,  1867-76,  and  a  trustee  of  that 
institution,  1872-97.  He  received  the  degrees 
D.D.  from  Hobart,  1874,  and  LL.D.  from  the 
University  of  the  South,  1891.  With  his  brother 
Marshall  H.  Mallory,  he  built  the  Madison  Square 
theatre  in  1880,  and  directed  the  character  of  the 
plays  presented  during  his  ownership.  He  died 
in  New  York  city,  March  2,  1897. 

MALLORY,  Robert,  representative,  was  born 
in  Madison  county,  Va.,  Nov.  15,  1815.  He  was 
graduated  at  the  University  of  Virginia  in  1827 
and  removed  in  1839  to  La  Grange,  Ky..  where  he 
engaged  in  farming.  He  was  a  representative 
from  Kentucky  in  the  36th,  37th  and  38th  con 
gresses,  1859-65,  and  served  as  chairman  of  the 
committee  on  roads  and  canals.  He  also  served 
as  delegate  to  the  Philadelphia  national  union 
convention  of  1866,  and  as  a  commissioner  to  the 
Centennial  exhibition  at  Philadelphia  in  1876, 
being  one  of  the  vice-presidents  of  the  board  of 
commissioners. 

MALLORY,  Stephen  Russell,  senator,  was 
born  in  Trinidad,  W.I.,  in  1813  ;  son  of  Charles 
and  Ellen  (Russell )  Mallory.  His  father,  a  native 
of  Redding,  Conn.,  was  a  civil  engineer,  and 

Stephen  lived  with 
his  parents  in  Ha 
vana,  Cuba,  and  in 
Key  West,  Fla., 
where  his  mother 
settled  in  1820.  his 
father  having  died 
in  Cuba,  lie  attended 
school  near  Mobile, 
Ala.,  and  at  Naza 
reth,  Pa.,  and  was 
appointed  by  Presi 
dent  Jackson  in 
spector  of  customs  at 
Key  West  in  1833.  He 
was  married  in  1837  to 
Angela,  daughter  of 

Francisco  and  Josefa  Moreno,  of  Pensacola,  Fla. 
He  studied  law  with  Judge  William  Marvin  of  the 
U.S.  district  court  and  practised  in  Key  West, 
1839-58.  He  was  judge  of  the  Monroe  county 
court  and  judge  of  the  probate  court  of  Monroe 


county,  1837-45,  and  collector  of  customs  by 
appointment  of  President  Polk,  1845-49.  He 
served  in  the  Seminole  war,  1835-37.  He  was 
elected  to  the  U.S.  senate  as  successor  to  David 
Levi  Yulee  in  1851,  and  was  re-elected  in  1857, 
serving  as  chairman  of  the  committee  on  naval 
affairs.  In  1858  he  declined  the  appointment  of 
U.S.  minister  to  Spain  tendered  him  by  President 
Buchanan  and  in  1861  that  of  chief  justice  of  the 
admiralty  court  of  Florida.  In  1861  he  resigned 
his  seat  in  the  senate  to  join  the  Confederacy, 
and  was  appointed  secretary  of  the  navy  in  the 
cabinet  of  President  Davis,  Feb.  21,  1861,  which 
position  he  held  during  the  existence  of  the  Con 
federate  government.  He  left  Richmond  with 
President  Davis  in  April,  1865  ;  went  to  La 
Grange.  Ga.,  where  his  family  had  their  resi 
dence,  and  was  there  arrested  as  a  prisoner  of 
state,  May  20,  1865.  He  was  confined  in  Fort 
Lafayette,  New  York  harbor,  until  March,  1866, 
when  he  was  released  on  parole  and  in  1867  was 
pardoned  by  President  Johnson.  He  returned 
with  his  family  to  Pensacola,  Fla.,  in  July,  1866, 
where  he  engaged  in  the  practice  of  law.  He 
died  in  Pensacola,  Nov.  9,  1873. 

MALLORY,  Stephen  Russell,  senator,  was 
born  at  the  home  of  his  mother's  sister  in  Colum 
bia,  S.C.,  Nov.  2,  1848  ;  son  of  the  Hon.  Stephen 
Russell  and  Angela  (Moreno)  Mallory.  His 
mother  returned  to  her  home  in  Key  West,  Fla.. 
soon  after  his  birth.  He  entered  the  Confeder 
ate  States  army  in  Virginia  in  1864  and  was 
appointed  midshipman,  in  the  C.S.  navy  in  1865, 
serving  until  the  close  of  the  war.  He  was 
graduated  at  the  University  of  Georgetown. 
D.C..  in  188!)  ;  was  instructor  in  Latin  and  Greek 
there  from  September,  1869,  till  July,  1871  ; 
studied  law  in  Washington  and  New  Orleans,  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  at  New  Orleans.  La.,  in 
1873,  and  practised  there  about  six  months. 
Soon  after  the  death  of  his  father  at  Pensacola, 
Fla. ,  he  took  up  his  law  practice  there.  He  was 
elected  a  representative  in  the  Florida  legislature 
in  1876  ;  a  state  senator  in  1880  and  1884  ;  was  a 
representative  from  the  first  district  of  Florida 
in  the  52d  and  53d  congresses,  1891-95  ;  and  was 
elected  in  1S97  to  the  U.S.  senate  for  the  term 
ending  in  1903. 

MALONE,  Sylvester,  educationist,  was  born 
in  Trim,  county  Meath,  Ireland,  May  8,  1821  ; 
son  of  Lawrence  and  Marcella  (Martin)  Malone 
and  grandson  of  Sylvester  Martin  of  Kilmessan. 
He  was  sent  as  a  boy  to  a  Protestant  academy, 
although  his  parents  were  Roman  Catholics.  He 
began  preparation  for  the  priesthood  and  when 
the  Rev.  Andrew  Byrne,  of  New  York,  visited 
Ireland  in  1839  to  secure  young  men  to  make  their 
theological  studies  in  the  United  States,  Mr. 
Malone  joined  him  and  attended  St.  Joseph's 
[336J 


MANATT 


MANDERSON 


seminar\r  and  St.  John's  college.  He  was  priested 
Aug.  15,  1844,  by  Bishop  McCloskey  and  was 
appointed  over  the  mission  chapel  of  St.  Mary, 
Williamsburg,  L.I.,  N.Y.  In  1847  he  had  so  built 
up  his  mission  parish  as  to  demand  a  new  house 
of  worship  and  on  May  11  Bishop  Hughes  laid 
the  corner  stone  of  the  church  of  SS.  Peter  and 
Paul  and  a  year  later  dedicated  the  edifice. 
Father  Malone  also  erected  a  parochial  house  and 
school  and  the  Academy  of  St.  Joseph,  and 
formed  a  church  library  and  literary  association 
for  young  men.  In  1849  he  contracted  the 
cholera,  then  the  ship  fever,  and  soon  after  a  fire 
destroyed  his  home  and  library.  He  went  to 
Rome  by  invitation  of  Pius  IX.  to  celebrate  the 
proclamation  of  the  dogma  of  the  Immaculate 
Conception.  In  1861  he  was  the  first  Roman 
Catholic  priest  in  the  north  to  raise  the  United 
States  flag  over  his  church  and  lie  urged  the 
young  men  of  his  parish  to  volunteer  in  the 
army.  After  the  war  he  travelled  through  the 
south,  seeking  to  reunite  the  two  sections.  He 
visited  Europe  and  the  Holy  Land  in  1881  and  in 
1894  celebrated  his  fiftieth  year  of  service  as 
pastor.  On  March  29,  1894,  the  legislature  of  New 
York  elected  him  a  regent  of  the  University  of 
the  State  of  New  York,  which  office  he  accepted, 
contrary  to  the  advice  of  the  archbishop  of  New 
York.  His  support  of  the  public  school  system 
of  the  state  was  outspoken  and  his  efforts  were 
directed  to  destroy  the  growing  antagonism 
between  the  public  and  parochial  school  systems. 
He  died  in  Brooklyn,  N.Y..  Dec.  29,  1899. 

MANATT,  James  Irving,  educator,  was  born 
in  Oxford,  Holmes  county,  Ohio,  Feb.  17,  1845  ; 
son  of  Robert  and  Jeniime  (Gwin)  Manatt  ;  and 
grandson  of  Robert  and  Sarah  (Pedlar)  Manatt 
and  of  John  and  Elizabeth  (Imbrie)  Gwin.  He 
was  graduated  at  Iowa  college,  A.B.,  1869,  and 
at  Yale,  Ph.D.,  1873,  and  filled  the  chair  of  Greek 
at  Denison  university,  1874-76.  He  then  de 
voted  a  year  to  further  study  at  Leipzig,  return 
ing  in  1877  to  become  professor  of  Greek  at 
Marietta  college.  This  position  he  resigned  in 
1884  to  accept  the  chancellorship  of  the  Univer 
sity  of  Nebraska,  where  his  five-years  administra 
tion  was  signalized  by  unprecedented  progress 
and  prosperity.  In  1889  he  was  appointed  by 
President  Harrison  U.S.  consul  at  Athens,  and 
after  four  years  of  efficient  public  service  and 
fruitful  study  there  he  succeeded  the  veteran 
Professor  Harkness  in  the  chair  of  Greek  litera 
ture  and  history  at  Brown  university.  He  was 
married  in  June,  1870,  to  Arietta  Winifred 
Clark.  He  became  a  member  of  the  American 
Philological  society  in  1874,  of  the  Association 
for  the  Reform  and  Codification  of  the  Law  of 
Nations  in  1887,  and  of  the  American  Social 
Science  association  in  1890.  Iowa  college  con 


ferred  upon  him  the  honorary  degree  of  LL.D.  in 
1886.  Dr.  Manatt  is  the  author  of  :  Xenophon's 
Hellenica  with  Commentary  (1888)  ;  The  ]\Jyce- 
ncean  Age  (1897),  and  frequent  contributions  to 
reviews  and  magazines. 

MANCHESTER,  Charles,  educator,  was  born 
in  Burritt,  111.,  Dec.  28,  1858;  son  of  Charles 
Toser  and  Climena  (Crowell)  Manchester,  and 
grandson  of  John  and  Elizabeth  (Pigeon)  Man 
chester.  He  was  graduated  from  Park  college, 
Mo.,  A.B.,  1883,  A.M.,  1887,  and  from  the  Oberlin 
Theological  seminary,  B.D.,  1886.  He  was  mar 
ried,  Dec.  24,  1884,  to  Lovana  Thomas.  He  was 
pastor  at  Mt.  Carroll,  1886-88,  Decatur,  1888-89, 
Milinine  and  Lodge,  111.,  1889-90,  at  Barkeyville, 
Pa.,  1890-96;  and  was  pastor  of  the  Church  of 
God  in  Findlay  college  from  1896.  He  was  prin 
cipal  of  the  Barkeyville  academy,  1890-96  ;  was 
elected  professor  of  Greek  and  philosophy  at 
Findlay  college,  Ohio,  in  1896  ;  served  as  acting 
president  of  that  institution,  1896-1900,  and  was 
chosen  president  in  1900.  He  was  elected  secre 
tary  of  the  board  of  missions  of  general  eldership 
of  the  Church  of  God  in  1893,  and  founded  and 
edited  The  Missionary  Signal,  1893-96.  He  also 
became  editor  of  the  Findlay  College  Neics.  The 
honorary  degree  of  D.D.  was  conferred  on  him 
by  Park  college,  Mo.,  in  1898. 

MANDERSON,  Charles  Frederick,  senator,  was 
born  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Feb.  9,  1837;  son  of  John 
and  Catherine  (Benfer)  and  grandson  of  Wil 
liam  Manderson.  He  was  graduated  at  the  Phila 
delphia  High  school  and  in  1856  removed  to  Can 
ton,  Ohio,  where  he 
was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1859.  He  was 
city  solicitor  1860-61, 
and  in  April,  1861, 
enlisted  as  a  pri 
vate  in  the  Canton 
Zouaves.  In  the  same 
month,  with  Samuel 
Beatty,  he  raised  a 
company  for  the  19th 
Ohio  infantry  in  a 
single  day  and  was 
made  1st  lieutenant. 
In  May  he  was  pro- 
moted  captain  and 
joined  McClellan's 

army  in  western  Virginia,  where  he  participated 
in  the  battle  of  Rich  Mountain,  Va.,  July  11,  1861. 
He  was  promoted  major  and  engaged  with  the 
Army  of  the  Cumberland  at  Shiloh  and  at  Stone's 
river,  where  he  commanded  his  regiment,  and 
was  promoted  lieutenant-colonel.  He  took  part 
in  the  battles  around  Chattanooga,  Nov.  23-25, 
1863,  in  the  3d  brigade,  3d  division,  4th  army 
corps,  and  at  the  expiration  of  his  term  of  serv- 
[337] 


MANDEVILLE 


MANUUM 


ice  was  mustered  out  with  his  regiment.  In 
January,  1864,  he  re-enlisted  and  commanded  his 
regiment  in  the  Atlanta  campaign.  While  lead 
ing  three  brigades  at  Lovejoy's  Station,  Ga. , 
Sept.  2,  1804,  he  was  severely  wounded,  on  account 
of  which  he  was  forced  to  resign  in  April,  1865. 
He  was  brevetted  brigadier-general  of  volunteers, 
March  13,  1865,  for  "  gallant,  long  continued,  and 
meritorious  services  during  the  civil  war."  He 
was  married,  April  11,  1865,  to  Rebekah  S., 
daughter  of  the  Hon.  James  D.  Brown  of  Canton, 
Ohio.  He  resumed  his  law  practice  in  Canton, 
was  prosecuting  attorney  of  Stark  county  for 
two  terms,  and  in  November,  1869,  removed  to 
Omaha,  Neb.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Ne 
braska  constitutional  conventions  of  1871  and 
1874 ;  city  attorney  of  Omaha  for  six  years  and 
U.S.  senator  from  Nebraska,  1883-95.  He  was 
president  pro  iempore  of  the  senate  for  nearly  four 
years  and  chairman  of  the  joint  committee  on 
printing.  On  retiring  from  the  senate  he  re 
turned  to  Omaha,  and  became  general  solicitor 
of  the  Burlington  system  of  railroads  west  of  the 
Missouri.  He  was  president  of  the  American  Bar 
association,  1899-1901. 

MANDEVILLE,  Giles  Henry,  clergyman,  was 
born  in  New  York  city,  Dec.  12,  1825  ;  son  of 
Thomas  and  Hester  Bailey  (Secor)  Mandeville  ; 
grandson  of  Giles  A.  and  Elizabeth  (Doremus) 
Mandeville  ;  and  a  descendant  of  Yellis  Jan  sen  de 
Mandeville  (birthplace  believed  to  be  in  Normandy, 
France)  and  Elsie  (Eliza)  Hendrick,  who  arrived 
in  this  country  in  1659  and  first  settled  in  Flat- 
bush,  L.I.,  N.Y.  He  was  graduated  from  Rutgers 
college,  A.B.,  1848,  A.M.,  1851,  and  from  the  Theo 
logical  Seminary  of  the  Reformed  Dutch  Church, 
New  Brunswick,  N.J.,  in  1851.  He  was  married, 
July  29,  1851,  to  Rachel  Jacobus  of  Boonton,  N.J. 
He  was  pastor  at  Flushing,  1851-59,  New  burg, 
1859-69,  and  Harlem,  New  York  city,  N.Y..  1869- 
81  ;  was  provisional  president  of  Hope  college, 
Holland,  Mich.,  1878-80,  and  was  chosen  a  mem 
ber  of  the  council  of  Hope  college.  He  was  cor 
responding  secretary  of  the  board  of  education 
of  the  Reformed  Dutch  church  in  America,  1884- 
99,  and  was  chosen  treasurer  in  1886.  The  hon 
orary  degree  of  D.D.  was  conferred  on  him  by 
Rutgers  college  in  1870  and  that  of  LL.D.  by 
Hope  college  in  1895.  He  is  the  author  of 
Flushing,  Past  and  Present  (I860),  and  a  number 
of  pamphlets. 

MANEY,  George,  soldier,  was  born  at  Frank 
lin,  Tenn.,  Aug.  24,  1826;  son  of  Thomas  and 
Rebecca  (Southall)  Mane}-:  grandson  of  James 
and  Mary  (Roberts)  Maney  and  of  Daniel  and 
Julia  (Reddick)  Southall,  and  of  French 
Huguenot  ancestry.  He  was  educated  at  Nash 
ville  seminary  and  the  University  of  Nashville, 
served  in  the  war  with  Mexico,  1846-47  ;  was 


admitted  to  the  bar  in  1849,  and  practised  his- 
profession,  1849-61.  He  was  elected  colonel  of 
the  1st  Tennessee  regiment  of  infantry,  May  1, 

1861,  and  served  in  western  Virginia  in  the  Cheat 
River  campaign  under  Gen.  Robert  E.  Lee  and 
at  Batli  and  Roinney,  January,  1862,  under  Gen. 
T.  J.  Jackson.     He  engaged  at  Shiloh,  April  6-7, 

1862,  first  in  command  of  his  regiment  in  the  2d 
brigade,  2d  division,  Folk's  corps,  and  before  the 
close  of  the  battle  as  commander  of  the  brigade. 
For  his  action  in  this  battle  he  was  promoted  briga 
dier-general,  and  he  commanded  the  3d  brigade, 
Cheatham's     division,     at      Perry  ville,      Stone's 
River  and  Chickarnauga  ;  and  in  Walker's  divi 
sion,    Hardee's  corps,  at  Chattanooga,  where  he 
was   wounded.     In   the    Atlanta    campaign,    he 
commanded  Cheatham's  division  after  that  offi 
cer  assumed  command  of  Hardee's  corps  and  he 
took  part  in  the  battle  of  Atlanta,  July  22,  1864. 
He  was  president  of  the  Tennessee   and  Pacific 
railroad,    1868-77  ;    the   Republican  nominee  for 
governor  of  Tennessee  against  James  D.  Porter 
in  1876  but  withdrew  before  the  election  ;  was  a 
member  of  the   general    assembly  of  Tennessee 
from  Nashville,  and  a  delegate  to  the  Republican 
national  conventions   of  1884  and  1888.     He  was 
U.S.   minister   to    Colombia   by   appointment  of 
President  Garlield,  1881-83  ;  and  U.S.  minister  to 
Paraguay  and  Uruguay  by  appointment  of  Pres 
ident  Harrison,  1889-93.     He  was  married,  June 
23,    1853,  to  Bettie  Crutcher,  and  of  their  chil 
dren:    James  Albion    entered  the    U.S.     army; 
Frances  Crutcher  married  Lieut. -Col.  Henry  C. 
Ward,  U.S.A.  ;  Rebecca  Southall  married  Samuel 
S.    Watson,  and  Maria  Cage  married   St.    Maurv 
Nichols.     General  Maney  died    in    Washington, 
D.C.,  Feb.  9,  1901. 

MANGUM,  Willie  Person,  senator,  was  born 
in  Orange  county,  N.C.,  1792.  He  was  graduated 
at  the  University  of  North  Carolina  in  1815  ;  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1817,  and  settled  at  Red 
Mountain,  N.C.  He  was  a  representative  in  the 
state  legislature  in  1818  ;  judge  of  the  superior 
court,  1819-23,  and  resigned  on  his  election  as  a 
Whig  representative  in  congress.  He  served  in 
the  18th  and  19th  congresses,  1823-26  ;  resigned, 
March  18,  1826,  and  »was  again  elected  judge  of 
the  superior  court.  He  relinquished  this  office 
the  same  year  and  tilled  it  again,  1828-30.  He 
was  a  U.S.  senator,  1831-36,  resigning  in  J836, 
and  in  1840  was  again  elected  to  the  U.S.  senate 
to  fill  the  unexpired  term  of  Bedford  Brown  and 
was  twice  re-elected,  serving  until  March  3, 
1855.  He  was  president  pro  tern  pore,  of  the  senate1, 
succeeding  Samuel  L.  Southard  of  New  Jersey, 
1842-45.  and  was  a  confidential  adviser  of  Pres 
ident  Taylor  in  1849.  He  was  presidential  elector 
on  the  Jackson  and  Calhoun  ticket  in  1829  and 
received  eleven  electoral  votes  from  South 


[3381 


MANIGAULT 


MANLY 


Carolina  for  President  of  the  United  States  in 
1837.  He  received  the  degree  of  LL.D.  from  the 
University  of  North  Carolina  in  1845.  He  retired 
to  his  country  home  at  Red  Mountain,  Orange 
county,  N.C.,  in  IS."}:!,  mid  there  resided  until  his 
death,  which  was  caused  by  mental  depression 
brought  on  by  the  loss  of  his  only  son,  who  was 
fatally  wounded  at  the  first  battle  of  Bull  Run. 
He  died  at  Red  Mountain,  N.C.,  Sept.  14,  1861. 

MAN1QAULT,  Arthur  Middleton,  soldier,  was 
born  in  Charleston,  S.C.,  October.  1824;  son  of 
Joseph  and  Charlotte  (Drayton)  Manigault ; 
grandson  of  Peter  and  Elizabeth  (Wragg)  Man 
igault,  and  a  descendant  of  Peter  and  Judith 
(Royer)  Manigault,  1685.  He  was  prepared  for 
college,  but  entered  commercial  life  in  Charles 
ton,  S.C.,  in  1844.  He  went  to  Mexico  as  1st 
lieutenant  in  the  Palmetto  regiment  and  served 
in  the  field  throughout  the  war.  He  returned  to 
his  mercantile  pursuits  but  soon  after  engaged  in 
the  cultivation  of  rice  on  the  Santee  river.  He 
was  married,  February,  1850,  to  Mary  P.,  daughter 
of  Daniel  Elliott  Huger.  He  was  an  inspector- 
general  on  General  Beauregard's  staff  in  Charles 
ton  in  the  spring  of  1861,  was  made  colonel  of 
the  10th  regiment  of  South  Carolina  infantry, 
June,  1881,  and  commanded  the  1st  military  dis 
trict  of  South  Carolina,  1861-62.  He  was  ordered 
to  join  Bragg's  command  then  at  Corinth,  Miss., 
and  was  placed  in  command  of  a  brigade  in  1862. 
At  Stone's  rive  he  commanded  the  4th  brigade, 
2d  division,  Folk's  corps,  and  greatly  distinguished 
himself  by  repeated  successful  assaults  on  the 
enemy's  lines  and  was  promoted  brigadier-gen 
eral,  April,  186:}.  At  Chickamauga  his  brigade 
held  the  left  of  Longstreet's  left  wing  and  here 
again  his  determined  assaults  won  him  credit. 
He  commanded  his  brigade  in  Gen.  Edward 
Johnson's  division,  Hood's  corps,  in  Gen.  J.  E. 
Johnston's  campaign,  and  in  the  Atlanta  cam 
paign,  and  in  S.  D.  Lee's  corps*  in  the  invasion  of 
Tennessee  under  General  Hood.  At  the  battle  of 
Franklin  he  received  a  wound  in  his  head  which 
ultimately  caused  his  death.  He  returned  to  his 
rice  plantation  after  the  war  ;  was  elected  adju 
tant-general  of  South  Carolina  by  the  Democratic 
party  for  three  successive  terms,  serving  1880-86, 
and  was  a  candidate  for  re-election  in  1886.  He 
died  in  Georgetown  county,  S.C.,  Aug.  16.  1886. 

MANIGAULT,  Gabriel,  merchant,  was  born  in 
Charleston,  S.C.,  April  21,  1704:  son  of  Peter  and 
Judith  (Gitton)  Royer  Manigault.  His  father,  a 
Huguenot,  left  La  Rochelle,  France  in  1685.  and 
about  1691  came  by  the  way  of  England  to  South 
Cai'olina  where  he  engaged  in  mercantile  busi 
ness  in  Charleston.  His  wife  Judith  (Gitton) 
Royer  was  a  widow  and  came  to  South  Carolina 
from  La  Voulte,  in  Dauphine.  in  France,  in  1685. 
Gabriel  engaged  as  a  merchant  with  his  father  at 

[339] 


whose  death  in  1629  he  inherited  the  business* 
and  accumulated  a  fortune  estimated  at  $800,000. 
He  declined  to  engage  in  the  slave  trade,  which 
was  then  highly  remunerative,  but  invested  in 
land  and  slaves.  He  was  married,  April  29,  1730, 
to  Ann,  daughter  of  John  Ashby  of  St.  Thomas 
and  St.  Denis  Parish,  S.C.  He  served  as  treas 
urer  of  the  province  of  South  Carolina,  when  the 
accounts  of  the  St.  Augustine  expedition  were 
examined  in  1738,  and  was  a  member  of  the 
South  Carolina  house  of  commons  from  Charles 
ton  for  several  years.  He  advanced  $220,000  to 
the  state  of  South  Carolina  to  be  used  for  de 
fences  just  after  the  Declaration  of  Independence 
was  made,  and  served  in  the  defence  of  Charles 
ton  in  May,  1779.  He  left  £5000  sterling  to  the 
South  Carolina  society  of  Charleston  at  his  death. 
He  died  in  Charleston,  S.C.,  June  5,  1781. 

MANIGAULT,  Gabriel  Edward,  educator, 
was  born  in  Charleston,  S.C.,  Jan.  7,  1833;  son  of 
Charles  (1795-1874)  and  Elizabeth  Manigault 
(Heyward)  Manigault ;  grandson  of  Gabriel  and 
Margaret  (Izard)  Manigault,  and  of  Nathaniel 
Heyward,  an  extensive  rice-planter  in  South 
Carolina  and  the  largest  slaveholder  in  the 
United  States,  owning  at  the  time  of  his  deatli 
2,143  slaves  ;  and  a  descendant  of  Peter  and  Judith 
(Gitton)  Royer  Manigault.  His  father  made 
various  trips  to  Europe,  Asia  and  Egypt  and 
when  Gabriel  was  thirteen  entered  him  as  a 
pupil  at  the  College  Bourbon,  Paris,  where  he 
remained,  1846-48.  He  was  graduated  at  the 
College  of  Charleston,  S.C.,  in  1852  ;  at  the 
Medical  college  of  South  Carolina  in  1854,  and 
completed  his  medical  studies  in  Paris,  France, 
1854-56,  and  also  a  course  in  zoology  at  the  Jardin 
des  Plantes.  He  travelled  extensively  in  Europe, 
Asia  and  Egypt  in  company  with  his  father, 
mother,  brothers  and  sisters.  On  his  return  to 
Charleston  in  1857  he  commenced  the  cultivation 
of  a  rice  plantation  on  the  Cooper  river,  S.C., 
which  he  conducted  until  1873.  He  served  in 
the  Confederate  army.  1861-65,  first  as  a  private 
and  then  as  adjutant  of  the  4th  South  Carolina 
cavalry.  He  was  made  curator  01  the  museum 
of  natural  history  connected  with  the  College  of 
Charleston,  S.C.,  in  1873,  and  professor  of  zoology 
in  1889.  He  was  a  corresponding  member  of  the 
Zoological  Society  of  London  and  president  of  the 
Carolina  Art  association,  1882.  He  never  mar 
ried.  He  died  in  Charleston.  S.  C.,  Sept.  15,  1899. 

MANLY,  Basil,  educator,  was  born  in  Pittsboro, 
N.C.,  Jan.  29.  1796;  son  of  Basil  and  Elizabeth 
(Maultsby)  Manly.  He  was  licensed  to  preach 
in  1818  ;  was  graduated  with  honors  from  South 
Carolina  college  in  1821  :  was  ordained  to  the 
Baptist  ministry  in  1822.  and  was  pastor  at  Edge- 
wood  court-house,  and  at  Charleston.  S.C..  1822- 
36.  He  was  married,  Dec.  23.  1824,  to  Sarah 


MANLY 


MANLY 


Murray,  daughter  of  Zebulon  and  Abigail  (Mur 
ray)  Rudulph.  He  was  president  of  the  State 
University  of  Alabama,  1837-55,  and  pastor  of 
the  Wentworth  Street  church,  Charleston,  1855- 
59.  In  1859  he  returned  to  Alabama  and  was 
engaged  in  state  missionary  work  till  Dec.  30, 
18(50,  when  he  became  pastor  at  Montgomery. 
He  was  an  organizer  of  the  Southern  Baptist 
convention  of  1845,  and  of  the  Southern  Baptist 
Theological  seminary,  Greenville,  S.C.,  in  1859. 
He  published  several  sermons  and  witli  his  son 
Basil  prepared  The  Baptist  Psalmody  (1850).  He 
died  in  Greenville,  S.C.,  Dec.  21,  1808. 

MANLY,  Basil,  educator,  was  born  in  Edge- 
field  disti'ict,  S.C.,  Dec.  19,  1825  ;  son  of  Basil  and 
Sarah  Murray  (Rudulph)  Manly.  He  attended 
a  preparatory  school  at  Charleston,  S.C.  ;  was 
graduated  from  the  State  University  of  Alabama 

in  1843  ;  studied  at 
the  Newton  Theo 
logical  Institution, 
1844-45,  and  at 
Princeton  Theolog 
ical  seminary,  1845- 
47  ;  was  licensed  to 
preach  in  1844  and 
was  ordained  to  the 
Baptist  ministry  at 
Tuscaloosa,  Ala.,  Jan. 
30,  1848.  He  was 
pastor  of  Baptist 
churches  in  Provi- 
dence,  Ala.,  1848-49  ; 
and  Richmond,  Va., 
1850-54  ;  founded  the 
Richmond  Female  institute,  and  was  its  president, 
1854-59  ;  was  professor  of  biblical  introduction 
and  Old  Testament  interpretation  at  the  Southern 
Baptist  Theological  seminary,  Greenville,  S.C., 
1859-71,  and  during  the  civil  war  while  the  semi 
nary  was  suspended  he  preached  to  several 
churches  in  the  neighborhood.  He  was  twice 
married  :  to  Mrs.  Charlotte  (Whitfield)  Smith,  in 
1852  ;  to  Harriet  Summers  Hair  in  1869.  Of  the 
children  of  his  first  wife,  George  Whitfield  be 
came  professor  of  Latin  in  Denison  university, 
Ohio,  and  in  Wake  Forest  college,  N.C. ;  William 
Gwathmey,  professor  of  Greek  in  the  University 
of  Missouri  and  Louise  (q.v.),  became  a  teacher. 
Of  the  children  of  the  second  wife,  Clarence 
became  a  surgeon  in  the  U.S.  navy.  Dr.  Manly 
was  president  of  Georgetown  college,  Ky.,  1871- 
79,  and  was  professor  of  biblical  introduction 
and  Old  Testament  interpretation,  at  the  South 
ern  Baptist  Theological  seminary  which  had  been 
moved  in  1877  from  Greenville,  S.C.,  to  Louis 
ville,  Ky.,  1879-92.  The  honorary  degree  of  D.D. 
was  conferred  on  him  by  the  University  of  Ala 
bama  and  by  Wake  Forest  college,  N.C.,  in  1859, 


and  that  of  LL.D.  by  the  Agricultural  college  at 
Auburn,  Ala.,  in  1874.  He  was  the  first  editor  of 
Kind  Words,  and  is  the  author  of :  A  Call  to 
the  Ministry  (1867);  The  Bible  Doctrine  of  Inspi 
ration  and  several  hymn  and  music  books.  He 
died  in  Louisville,  Ky.,  Jan.  30,  1892. 

MANLY,  Charles,  governor  of  North  Carolina, 
was  born  in  Pittsboro,  N.C.,  May  13,  1795  ;  son  of 
Basil  and  Elizabeth  (Maultsby)  Manly.  He  at 
tended  Pittsboro  academy  and  was  graduated 
with  honors  from  the  University  of  North  Caro 
lina,  A.B.,  1814,  A.M.,  1817.  He  was  engaged  by 
John  Haywood  as  private  tutor  for  his  sons  in 
1814  ;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1816,  and  prac 
tised  in  Chatham  county  until  1823,  when  he 
was  appointed  reading  clerk  of  the  house  of 
commons  and  clerk  to  the  commission  at  Wash 
ington  to  examine  the  claims  of  American 
citizens  for  property  taken  by  the  British  during 
the  war  of  1812.  He  was  clerk  of  the  house  of 
commons,  1830-48  ;  was  governor  of  North  Caro 
lina,  1849-51,  and  was  renominated  in  1850  but 
was  defeated  in  the  election.  He  was  treasurer 
of  the  University  of  North  Carolina,  1842-68, 
and  placed  the  institution  in  a  position  of  pros 
perity.  His  son,  Capt.  Basil  C.  Manly,  served 
throughout  the  civil  war  in  Ramseur's  battery 
with  distinguished  honor,  notably  at  Williams- 
burg  and  Antietam.  Governor  Manly  died  at 
Raleigh,  N.C..  May  1,  1871. 

MANLY,  Charles,  educator,  was  born  in 
Charleston,  S.C.,  May  28,  1837  ;  son  of  Basil  and 
Sarah  Murray  (Rudulph)  Manly  and  grandson  of 
Basil  and  Elizabeth  (Maultsby)  Manly  and  of 
Zebulon  and  Abigail  (Murray)  Rudulph  anil  great 
grandson  of  Thomas  and  Mary  (Ford)  Manly  and 
of  Jacob  and  Frances  (Jacob)  Rudulph.  His  pa 
ternal  great  grandfather  emigrated  from  Ireland 
early  in  the  eighteenth  century  and  settled  in 
Maryland  as  did  Michael  Johannes  Rudulph, 
who  came  from  the  neighborhood  of  the  Prussian 
Rhine.  Charles  studied  under  Richard  Furman 
at  Tuscaloosa,  Ala.,  and  was  graduated  from  the 
University  of  Alabama,  A.B.,  1855,  A.M.,  1859. 
He  was  licensed  to  preach  by  the  Tuscaloosa 
Baptist  church  in  1855  ;  was  graduated  from  the 
Princeton  Theological  seminary  in  1859,  and  was 
ordained  to  the  ministry  in  1859.  He  was  pastor 
of  churches  at  Tuscaloosa.  Ala.,  1859-71  ;  Mur- 
freesboro,  Tenn.,  1871-73  :  Staunton,  Va.,  1873- 
80,  and  at  Greenville,  1880-81,  Belton,  1882-9S, 
Brushy  Creek,  1882-86,  Rocky  Creek,  1882-86, 
and  Seneca,  S.C.,  1886-98,  and  became  pastor  at 
Lexington,  Mo.,  in  1898.  He  was  president  of 
Alabama  Central  Female  college  at  Tuscaloosa, 
Ala,,  1862-64,  and  1869-71;  president  of  Union 
university,  Murfreesboro,  Tenn.,  1871-73  ;  of 
Furman  university.  Greenville,  S.C.,  1881-97; 
was  a  teacher  in  the  Patrick  Military  institute 


[340] 


MANLY 


MANLY 


-at  Anderson,  S.C.,  1897-98,  and  after  July,  1898, 
he  prepared  Sunday-school  lesson  notes  for  the 
American  Baptist  Publication  society.  The  degree 
of  D.D.  was  conferred  on  him  by  William  Jewell 
college  in  1872.  He  was  married,  Nov.  16,  1864, 
to  Mary  Matthews.  Of  his  children,  John  Mat 
thews  (q.v.)  became  an  educator,  Hellen  mar 
ried  Dr.  R.  G.  Patrick,  president  of  Judson  insti 
tute.  Marion,  Ala.,  and  Charles  Matthews  became 
assistant  to  Secretary  Langley  of  the  Smithso 
nian  Institution  at  Washington,  D.C. 

MANLY,  Fanny  Louisa  (Louise),  educator, 
was  born  in  Richmond,  Va.,  July  10.  1857; 
daughter  of  Dr.  Basil  and  Charlotte  (Whitfield) 
Manly.  She  was  educated  in  Greenville,  S.C., 
and  at  the  Georgetown  Female  seminary,  Ky., 
where  she  was  graduated  in  1875.  She  then 
studied  the  languages  under  private  teachers  and 
for  two  years  in  Leipzig,  where  she  went  with  her 
brother,  George  Whitfield  Manly,  in  1883.  She 
taught  in  schools  in  Alabama,  Kentucky,  Florida 
and  North  Carolina  and  was  elected  a  member 
of  the  Southern  History  association,  Washington, 
D.C..  1*5)0,  and  of  the  Alabama  Historical  soci 
ety  in  1898.  She  is  the  author  of  :  Southern  Lit 
erature  (1895),  and  History  of  Jtidsou  Institute 
and  History  of  Alabama  for  Children,  ready  for 
the  press  (1901). 

MANLY,  John,  naval  officer,  was  born  on  Tor 
Bay,  near  Torquay,  England,  in  1733.  He  be 
came  a  sailor  and  settled  at  Marblehead,  Massa 
chusetts  Bay  colony,  where  he  was  master  of  a 
merchant  vessel,  and  was  married,  Sept.  27,  1764, 
g\  under  the  name  of 
John  Russell  to 
Martha  Hickmanand 
he  and  his  descend 
ants  were  known  at 
Marblehead  by  that 
surname.  William 
Russell  of  Marblehead 
was  his  grandson. 
General  Washington 
selected  him  by  the 
advice  of  Col.  John 
'  Glover  as  a  captain 
^  in  the  marine  serv 
ice,  Oct.  24,  1775. 
His  first  cruise  was 
made  as  captain 
of  the  schooner  Lee  sailing  under  the  Pine  Tree 
flag  of  Massachusetts  in  November,  1775,  before 
the  other  cruisers  preparing  for  similar  service 
at  Marblehead  were  ready  for  sea.  He  captured 
the  British  brig  Nancy,  Nov.  29.  1775,  having  on 
board  several  brass  fieldpieces,  2000  stand  of 
arms,  100,000  flints,  32  tons  of  lead  and  a  large 
quantity  of  ammunition,  tools  and  utensils,  and 
sent  it  into  Gloucester  harbor,  at  a  time  when 


TREE    FLA  0 


the  army  was  in  desperate  need  of  supplies.  This 
was  the  first  British  vessel  to  strike  her  colors 
to  the  American  flag  in  the  war  of  the  American 
Revolution.  In  December,  1775,  he  captured  two 
other  transports  within  full  sight  of  the  British 
fleet  in  Boston  harbor  and  carried  his  prizes  into 
Plymouth,  they  being  of  great  value  to  Washing 
ton  in  his  siege  of  Boston.  He  was  chased  into 
Situate  river  by  the  British  sloop  of  war  Falcon, 
where,  after  grounding  his  brig,  he  severely 
punished  the  crew  of  the  Falcon  who  made  re 
peated  efforts  to  board  the  brig  from  barges.  In 
January,  1776,  Captain  Manly  was  given  command 
of  the  armed  schooner  Hancdck  and  was  made 
commodore  of  a  fleet  of  six  vessels  fitted  out  by 
order  of  General  Washington.  On  Jan.  20,  1776, 
Captain  Waters  of  the  Lee,  Capt.  Samuel  Tucker 
of  the  Franklin  and  Captain  Dj'er  of  the  Harrison 
were  commissioned,  and  on  Feb.  1, 1776,  Captain 
Ayers  of  the  Lynch,  Captain  Burke  of  the  Warren 
and  Capt.  John  Manly  of  the  Hancock  received 
their  commissions.  Captain  Manly  was  commis 
sioned  captain  in  the  Continental  navy  on  its 
organization,  April  17.  1776,  and  on  August  24, 
1776,  was  assigned  to  the  command  of  the  frigate 
Hancock,  32  guns,  then  on  the  stocks  in  Boston. 
This  promotion  made  him  second  in  the  list 
of  captains.  While  in  command  of  the  Han 
cock  he  captured  the  British  sloop  of  war  Fox,  28 
guns,  in  May,  1777,  and  put  her  in  charge  of  an 
American  crew,  and  with  the  Boston,  Captain 
McNeil,  continued  the  cruise.  While  the  three 
Americans  were  off  Halifax,  June  1,  looking  for 
prizes,  the  Fox  was  cut  out  by  the  British  frigate 
Flora,  and  the  Hancock  was  captured  by  the 
frigate  Rainbow  and  brig  Victor  while  Manly  was 
tacking  for  position  in  order  to  assist  the  Boston, 
and  before  he  struck,  Captain  McNeil  sailed  away. 
He  was  carried  to  Halifax,  thence  to  England, 
where  he  was  confined  in  Mill  prison.  His  conduct 
was  investigated  by  the  naval  committee  of  con 
gress,  and  he  was  exonerated  from  all  blame,  and 
Captain  McNeil  was  dismissed  from  the  service. 
Upon  being  released  by  the  British  government 
in  1779,  Captain  Manly  was  given  command 
of  the  privateer  Cumberland  and  he  was  cap 
tured  by  the  British  frigate  Pomona  and  carried 
into  Barbadoes,  but  with  his  crew  he  managed  to 
escape  from  the  prison  and  they  seized  a  sloop 
and  reached  Martinique.  He  soon  after  captured 
the  British  brig  Fason  and  with  her  captured 
two  British  privateers  in  one  engagement,  July, 
1779.  He  was  given  command  of  the  U.S.  frigate 
Hague  in  1782  and  sailed  for  the  West  Indies  and 
while  at  Martinique  he  was  discovered  by  a 
British  man-of-war,  74  guns,  and  three  ships  of 
the  line  joined  in  the  attack.  To  avoid  capture 
Commodore  Manly  ran  his  ship  on  a  sand  bar, 
at  low  tide,  and  supported  their  cannonade  for 


[841J 


MANLY 


MANN 


three  days  when  he  floated  off,  raised  the  Amer 
ican  flag  at  the  maintop-galhuit-mast,  fired  thir 
teen  guns  as  a  signal  of  defiance  and  reached 
Boston  in  safety  where  he  was  received  with 
great  honors.  This  incident  took  place  after  the 
preliminaries  for  peace  with  Great  Britain  had 
been  arranged,  and  he  thus  had  the  honor  of 
beginning  and  ending  the  naval  engagements  of 
the  Revolutionary  war.  He  was  retained  in  the 
naval  establishment  after  the  declaration  of  peace. 
He  died  in  Boston,  Mass.,  Feb.  12,  1793. 

MANLY,  John  Matthews,  educator,  was  born 
in  Sumter  county,  Ala.,  Sept.  2,  1865  ;  son  of  the 
Rev.  Charles  (q.v.),and  Mary  (Matthews)  Manly. 
He  was  prepared  for  college  at  the  Staunton,  Va.. 
and  Greenville,  S.C.,  military  academies  and  was 
graduated  at  Furman  university,  S.C.,  A.M., 
1883,  and  at  Harvard  A.M.,  1889,  and  Ph.D.,  1890. 
He  was  acting  principal  at  Green's  high  school, 
S.C.,  1884;  tutor  at  Palmyra, Va.,  1884-85;  assistant 
at  W'illiam  Jewell  college,  1885-88  ;  instructor  in 
Anglo-Saxon  at  Radcliffe  college,  1890-91,  and  at 
Harvard  summer  school,  1891  ;  acting  assistant 
professor  of  English  language  and  literature, 
1891,  associate  professor,  1891-92,  and  professor 
of  English  language, 1892-98,  at  Brown  university, 
R.I.  In  1898  he  was  elected  professor  and  head 
of  the  department  of  English  in  the  University 
of  Chicago.  He  was  elected  a  member  of  numer 
ous  scientific  societies.  He  is  the  author  of  :  The 
Language  of  Chaucer' sLegende  of  Goode  Women 
(1893);  Shakspcre's  Macbeth  (1896);  and  Speci 
mens  of  the  Pre-Shakxpereaii  Drama  (3  vols., 
1902). 

MANLY,  Matthias  Evans,  jurist,  was  born 
in  Pittsboro,  N.C.,  April  13,  1800  ;  son  of  Basil 
and  Elizabeth  (Maultsby)  Manly,  and  grandson 
of  Thomas  and  Mary  (Ford)  Manly.  He  was 
graduated  from  the  University  of  North  Carolina, 
A.B. ,  1824,  A.M.,  1829  ;  was  a  tutor  in  mathemat 
ics  at  the  university,  1825-29  ;  was  admitted  to 
the  bar,  and  practised  in  New  Berne,  N.C.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  state  house  of  commons, 
1834-45  ;  judge  of  the  superior  court,  1840-59  ; 
justice  of  the  supreme  court,  1860-65  ;  a  member 
of  the  convention  of  1865,  and  was  a  speaker  of 
the  state  senate,  1866-67.  He  was  elected  to  the 
U.S.  senate  in  1867,  but  was  not  allowed  to  take 
his  seat,  and  he  returned  to  his  practice  in  New 
Berne,  and  was  chosen  judge  of  Craven  county. 
He  was  twice  married,  first  to  Hannah,  daughter 
of  William  Gaston,  and  secondly  to  Sarah, 
daughter  of  Samuel  Simpson.  He  died  at  Ne%v 
Berne,  N.C.,  July  16,  1881. 

MANN,  Abijah,  representative,  was  born  in 
Fairfield,  Herkimer  county,  N.Y.,  Sept.  24,  1793; 
son  of  Abijah  and  Levina  (Ford)  Mann;  grand 
son  of  Abijah  and  Sarah  (Porter)  Mann,  and  a 
descendant  of  Richard  and  Rebecca  Mann  who 


emigrated  from  England  to  America  previous  to 
1644,  and  settled  in  Scituate,  Mass.  He  attended 
the  public  schools  of  Herkimer  county,  and  began 
life  as  a  school  teacher  in  Oneida  county.  He 
soon  after  engaged  in  trade  and  acquired  con 
siderable  real  estate  in  the  principal  cities  and 
villages  in  New  York,  and  purchased  an  unde 
veloped  coal  mine  in  Lacka wanna  county,  Pa. 
He  was  married,  Jan.  18,  1814,  to  Mary  Ann  Bruce. 
He  early  connected  himself  with  the  Democratic 
wing  of  the  Republican  party,  held  several  local 
offices,  and  was  a  member  of  the  New  York  assem 
bly,  1828-31.  He  was  a  representative  in  the 
23d  and  24th  congresses,  1833-37  ;  was  appointed 
one  of  the  committee  to  investigate  the  affairs  of 
the  U.S.  bank,  but  was  denied  access  to  the 
hank  building,  whereupon  he  hired  men  in 
tending  to  dig  an  entrance  under  the  building, 
when  the  officers  allowed  Mr.  Mann  to  make  an 
investigation  and  he  reported  the  details  to  the 
President  in  person.  He  was  again  a  member  of 
the  New  York  assembly  in  1837,  and  subsequently 
opened  a  law  office  in  New  York  city.  He  was 
the  unsuccessful  candidate  for  attorney-general 
of  the  state  in  1855,  served  as  a  delegate  from 
Queens  county,  in  the  Republican  State  conven 
tion  of  1856  over  which  Reuben  E.  Fenton  pre 
sided  and  in  1857  was  defeated  in  the  Republican 
convention  for  the  nomination  for  state  senator 
by  Samuel  Sloane.  He  then  retired  from  public 
life.  He  died  in  Auburn.  N.Y..  Sept.  6.  18<>S. 

MANN,  Ambrose  Dudley,  diplomatist.  WHS 
born  in  Hanover  Court-House ,  Va.,  April  26,  1801. 
He  was  a  cadet  at  the  U.S.  Military  academy, 
but  resigned  to  take  up  the  study  of  law.  He 
was  appointed  U.S.  consul  to  Bremen,  Germany, 
by  President  Tyler  in  1842,  and  in  1845  nego 
tiated  commercial  treaties  with  Hanover,  Olden 
burg  and  Mecklenburg,  and  in  1847  with  all  the 
other  German  provinces  except  Prussia.  He  was 
U.S.  commissioner  to  Hungary  in  1849  ;  U.S. 
minister  to  Switzerland  by  appointment  from 
President  Fillmore,  1850-54,  and  he  negotiated  a 
reciprocity  treaty  with  that  republic.  He  was 
assistant  secretary  of  the  state  of  Virginia,  1854- 
56,  and  was  sent  to  Europe  by  the  Confederate 
government  on  a  special  mission  to  England  and 
France  for  the  accomplishment  of  which  he  was 
soon  after  joined  by  James  M.  Mason  and  John 
Slidell.  He  made  his  home  in  France  after  the 
collapse  of  the  government  he  represented.  lie 
spent  the  last  years  of  his  life  in  preparing  his 
Memoirs  which  were  published  after  his  death. 
He  died  in  Paris,  France,  Nov.  20,  1889. 

MANN,  Horace,  educationist,  was  born  in 
Franklin,  Mass.,  May  4,  1796  ;  son  of  Thomas  and 
Rebecca  (Stanley)  Mann  ;  grandson  of  Nathan 
and  Esther  Mann,  and  a  descendant  of  William 
Mann  who  immigrated  to  America  from  England. 


M  ANN 


MANX 


and  settled  in  Cambridge.  Mass.  He  received  but 
i\,  limited  education  as  his  father,  who  was  a  small 
farmer  in  Franklin,  died  in  1809  and  he  was 
obliged  to  help  support  the  family.  He  studied 
Knglish,  Greek  and  Latin  under  Samuel  Bar 
rett,  an  itinerant  schoolmaster,  and  entered 
Brown  university  in  18 1(5.  and  although  absent 
from  his  class  throughout  one  winter,  he  was 
graduated  with  honor  in  1819.  He  studied  law 
with  J.  J.  Fiske.  of  Wrentham,  Mass..  but  in  a 
few  months  lie  was  invited  back  to  Brown  as  a 
tutor  in  Latin  and  Greek  and  librarian.  He  re 
signed  in  1821  and  entered  the  law  school  at 
Litchiield,  Conn.,  under  Judge  Gould  and  in  1822 
he  entered  the  law  office  of  James  Richardson,  of 
Dedham  ;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  December, 
1823.  and  opened  an  office  at  Dedham  where  he 
practised.  1823-33.  He  was  a  representative  in 
the  state  legislature.  1827-33,  and  made  his  first 
speech  in  defence  of  religious  liberty.  He  was 
married,  Sept.  29,  18:50.  to  Charlotte,  daughter  of 
President  Asa  Messer,  of  Brown  university,  and 
in  is:};}  he  removed  to  West  Newton  and  was  a 
partner  with  Edward  (I.  Loring.  Boston.  He  was 
state  senator,  1833-37.  and  president  of  the 
senate.  1836-37.  During  his  legislative  service 
he  advocated  laws  for  improving  the  common- 
school  system  :  was  the  means  of  procuring  the 
enactment  of  the  "  fifteen-gallon  law  *'  and  the 
law  for  the  suppression  of  the  traffic  in  lottery 
tickets.  He  also  proposed  the  establishment  of 
the  State  Lunatic  hospital  at  Worcester,  Mass., 
in  1S33,  and  was  appointed  chairman  of  the  board 
of  commissioners  to  contract  for  and  superintend 
tlie  erection  of  the  hospital,  and  when  the  build 
ings  were  completed  in  1833  he  was  chairman  of 
the  board  of  trustees.  In  183.1  he  was  a  member 
of  a  legislative  committee  to  codify  the  statute 
law  of  Massachusetts,  and  after  its  adoption  lie 
was  associated  with  Judge  Metcalf  in  editing  it. 
He  was  elected  the  first  secretary  of  the  Massa 
chusetts  board  of  education.  June  19.  1837.  He 
addressed  lectures  to  conventions  of  teachers 
and  friends  of  education,  in  which  he  explained 
to  the  public,  the  leading  motives  of  the  legisla 
ture  in  creating  the  board.  He  also  published 
annual  reports  for  twelve  years  setting  forth  the 
advancement  of  education  in  the  state,  and 
superintended  and  contributed  largely  to  the 
pages  of  the  Common  School  Journal,  a  monthly 
publication.  During  his  term  of  office  as  secre 
tary  he  introduced  a  thorough  reform  in  the 
school  system,  established  normal  schools,  and 
after  his  second  marriage  in  May.  184-3.  to  Mary 
Tyler,  daughter  of  Dr.  Nathaniel  Peabody.  he 
visited  at  his  own  expense  the  educational  es 
tablishments  of  Europe,  especially  in  Germany, 
which  investigation  he  embodied  in  his  seventh 
annual  report.  He  retired  from  the  secretaryship 


in  1848,  having  served  for  twelve  years  with  won 
derful  efficiency  and  large  results.  He  was  a 
representative  in  the  30th,  31st  and  32d  congresses, 
succeeding  John  Quincy  Adams,  deceased, 
and  serving,  1847-53.  He  declined  the  nomina 
tion  for  governor  of  Massachusetts,  Sept.  15, 
1852.  and  on  the  same  day  was  chosen  president 
of  Antioch  college  at  Yellow  Springs,  Ohio,  which 
offer  he  accepted.  The  college  affairs  were  in  a 
state  of  chaos,  and  in  spite  of  his  labors  the  col 
lege  property  was  advertised  for  sale  at  public 
auction  in  the  spring  of  1859.  A  new  organiza 
tion  was,  however,  effected,  and  the  college,  freed 
from  debt,  was  soon  successfully  conducted. 
The  third  class  was  graduated  the  same  year  and 
he  served  as  president  until  his  death.  He  was  a 
fellow  of  the  American  Academy  of  Arts  and 
Sciences,  and  received  the  honorary  degree  of 
LL.D.  from  Harvard  in  1849.  In  the  selection  of 
names  for  a  place  in  the  Hall  of  Fame  for  Great 
Americans,  New  York  university,  in  October, 
1900,  his  was  one  of  fifteen  in  "Class  C,  Educa 
tors"  submitted  as  eligible  for  a  place,  and  the 
only  one  in  the  class  to  secure  a  place,  receiving 
sixty-seven  votes,  the  next  highest  being  Mark 
Hopkins  with  forty-seven  votes.  He  is  the 
author  of :  Reply  to  Thiriy-One  Boston  School 
masters  (1844)  ;  Report  of  Educational  Tour 
(1846)  ;  ^1  Few  Titoughts  for  a  Young  Man  (1850) ; 
Slavery.  Letters  and  Speakers  (1852)  ;  Lectures 
on  Intemperance  (1852)  ;  Powers  and  Duties  of 
Woman  (1853)  ;  Sermons  (1861).  His  lectures  on 
education  (1845)  were  translated  into  French  by 
Eugene  de  Guer  in  1873.  Besides  his  annual  re 
ports  he  published  the  Common  ScJiool  Journal, 
1839-47  ;  Abstract  of  Massachusetts  School  Returns 
(1839-47)  ;  Supplementary  Report  on  ScJiool 
Houses  (1838)  ;  Massachusetts  System  of  Common 
Schools  (1849)  ;  and  a  large  number  of  pamphlets 
which  have  been  bound  together  and  lettered 
Mattn's  Educational  Cont twenties.  See  "  Life  of 
Horace  Mann."  by  his  widow  (1865).  He  died  at 
Yellow  Springs,  Ohio.  Aug.  2,  1859. 

MANN,  James  R.,  representative,  was  born  in 
McLean  county.  111..  Oct.  20.  185(5  ;  son  of  William 
II.  and  Elizabeth  (Abraham)  Maim  :  grandson 
of  Thomas  and  Elizabeth  Mann,  and  a  descendant 
of  William  Mann,  of  Virginia.  He  attended  the 
public  schools  and  was  graduated  from  the 
University  of  Illinois.  M.L.,  in  1876.  and  from  the 
Union  College  of  Law,  Chicago,  in  1881.  He  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1881  and  was  a  member  of 
the  law  firm  of  Mann  &  Miller.  Chicago.  He  was 
attorney  for  the  Hyde  park  and  the  South  park 
commissioners  of  Chicago  ;  was  a  master  in  chan 
cery  and  for  four  years  a  member  of  the  city 
council  of  Chicago.  He  was  a  Republican  repre 
sentative  from  the  first  Illinois  district  in  the 
55th,  56th  and  57th  congresses,  1897-1903. 


[3481 


MANN 


MANNING 


MANN,  Job,  representative,  was  born  in  Bed 
ford  county,  Pa.,  March  31,  1795.  He  became 
clerk  to  the  board  of  county  commissioners  in 
1816  ;  was  register,  recorder,  and  clerk  of  the 
courts  of  Bedford  county,  1818-35;  was  a  Demo 
cratic  representative  in  the  24th  congress,  1835- 
37  ;  and  was  defeated  for  the  25th  congress  by 
Charles  Ogle,  Whig.  He  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1839,  practised  in  Bedford  and  was  treas 
urer  of  Pennsylvania,  1842-48,  and  a  representa 
tive  in  the  30th  and  31st  congresses,  1847-51.  He 
died  in  Pennsylvania. 

MANN,  Joel  K.,  representative,  was  born  in 
Pennsylvania  in  1780  ;  a  descendant  of  John 
Maim  who  came  from  count}'  Donegal,  Ireland, 
to  America  in  1730,  and  settled  in  Warwick  near 
Hartsville,  Pa.,  where  he  was  married  in  173G  to 
Margaret  Mitchel.  Joel  K.  Mann  resided  at  Jenk- 
into\vn,  Pa.,  and  was  a  representative  from  Mont 
gomery  county  in  the  22d  and  23d  congresses, 
as  a  Jackson  Democrat,  1831-35.  He  died  in 
Jenkintown.  Pa.,  Sept.  5,  1857. 

MANN,  Mary  Tyler  (Peabody),  author,  was 
born  in  Cambridgeport,  Mass.,  Nov.  16,  1806  ; 
daughter  of  Dr.  Nathaniel  Peabody.  She  was 
educated  in  the  schools  at  or  near  Boston,  Mass., 
was  married,  in  May,  1843,  to  Horace  Mann, 
went  with  him  to  Europe,  and  greatly  assisted 
him  in  his  studies  of  foreign  educational  reform 
and  in  his  benevolent  and  educational  work.  She 
is  the  joint  author  with  her  sister,  Elizabeth  Pal 
mer  Peabody,  of  several  books  on  the  kindergarten 
system,  chief  among  which  is  Culture  in  Infancy 
(1863).  She  also  wrote  Flower  People  (1838)  ; 
Christianity  in  the  Kitchen,  a  Physiological  Cook 
Book  (1857)  ;  Life  of  Horace  Maun  (1865)  ;  and 
Junita,  a  Romance  of  Real  Life  in  Cuba, 
published  posthumously.  She  died  in  Jamaica 
Plain,  Mass.,  Feb.  11,  1887. 

MANN,  William  Julius,  theologian,  was  born 
in  Stuttgart,  Germany,  May  29,  1819.  He  was 
graduated  in  theology  at  the  University  of  Tu 
bingen  in  1841  and  was  ordained  to  the  Lutheran 
ministry.  He  was  assistant  pastor  in  Wiirtein- 
berg,  Germany,  1842-45.  He  came  to  the  United 
States  in  1845  ;  made  his  home  with  the  Rev.  Dr. 
Philip  Schaff  at  Mercersburg,  Pa.,  and  then  re 
moved  to  Philadelphia.  He  was  made  a  member 
of  the  German  Society  of  Philadelphia  in  1849; 
was  assistant  to  the  Rev.  Dr.  Demme  and  the 
Rev.  G.  A.  Reichert,  in  St.  Michael's  and  Zion 
German  Lutheran  church,  1850-59,  and  was  made 
a  member  of  the  ministerium  of  Pennsylvania  in 
1851.  In  1859  the  older  ministers  having  resigned, 
with  the  Rev.  G.  A.  Wenzel  lie  was  left  in  charge 
of  the  church,  resigning  his  pastorate  in  1884  to 
devote  himself  more  completely  to  the  seminary 
and  to  literary  work,  and  was  made  pastor  eme 
ritus.  He  was  professor  of  German  in  the  Luth 


eran  Theological  seminary,  Philadelphia,  1864-72;. 
professor  of  Hebrew,  symbolics  and  ethics,  1872- 
92,  and  house  father,  1873-92,  succeeding  the  Rev. 
Frederick  Heyer.  He  received  the  degrees  D.D. 
from  Pennsylvania  college,  1857,  and  LL.D.  from 
Muhlenberg  college,  1888.  He  served  as  chair 
man  of  the  Pennsylvania  ministerium  in  1866, 
and  as  its  president  three  terms.  He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Pennsylvania  Historical  society  ;  a  life 
member  of  the  Pennsylvania  Bible  society  and  was 
prominently  connected  with  several  charitable  or 
ganizations.  He  visited  Europe  in  1867,  1875  and 
1893.  He  was  married  to  Margaret  Rommel  and 
their  son,  Edwin  Rommel  Mann,  became  an  iron 
merchant  in  Philadelphia.  Dr.  Mann  contributed 
to  various  encyclopaedias,  newspapers  and  maga 
zines,  both  in  German  and  English  ;  edited  and 
translated  several  works,  and  is  the  author  of 
numerous  volumes  including  :  Pica  for  the  Augs 
burg  Confession  (1856)  ;  Lutheranism  in  America 
(1857)  ;  Lutlier's  Small  Catechism  Explained,  with 
Dr.  Gottlob  F.  Krotel  (1863)  ;  The  Lutheran 
Church  and  its  Confessions  (1880);  Ein  Avfgang 
in  Abendland  (1883)  ;  Das  Buck  der  Bi'ichcr  mid 
seine  Geschichte  (1884).  and  Life  and  Times  of 
Henry  Melcliior  Muhlenberg  (1887).  He  died  in 
Boston,  Mass.,  June  20,  1892. 

MANNING,  Daniel,  cabinet  officer,  was  born 
in  Albany.  N.Y.,  Aug.  16,  1831  :  son  of  John  and 
Eleanor  (Oley)  Manning.  He  attended  the 
public  school  of  Albany  and  in  1843  became  office 
boy  for  the  Albany  Atlas,  which  paper  was  after 
ward  absorbed  by 
The  Argus.  He  held 
various  positions  of 
responsibility  on  this 
paper  and  was  made 
associate  editor  in 
1865  and  president  of 
The  Argus  company 
in  1873.  From  that 
time  until  1888  the 
editorial  work  was 
under  his  control  and 
he  shaped  the  policy 
of  the  paper.  He  was 
a  delegate  to  the 
Democratic  state  con 
vention  of  1874,  a 
member  of  the  Democratic  state  committee 
in  1876,  its  secretary,  1879-80,  and  chairman, 
1881-83.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  Demo 
cratic  national  conventions  of  1876,  1880  and 

1884.  He  was  appointed  secretary  of  the  treas 
ury   in  President    Cleveland's  cabinet   in  March, 

1885,  and    resigned    that   office  on  account  of  ill 
health   in    April.  1887.     He  was  interested  in  va 
rious   banking  institutions   in    Albany    and    was 
president   of   the    Western  National  bank.  New 


[344] 


MANNING 


MANNING 


\_/ 


York  city,  from  October  to  December,  1887.  He 
received  the  degree  of  LL.D.  from  Columbia  in 
1887.  He  was  twice  married,  first,  Oct.  11,  1853, 
to  Mary  Little,  of  Albany,  and  secondly,  Nov.  19, 
1884,  to  Mary  Marguerita  Fryer  of  Albany.  He 
died  in  Albany,  N.Y.,  Dec.  24,  1887. 

MANNING,  Jacob  Merrill,  clergyman,  was 
born  in  Greenwood.  N.Y.,  Dec.  31,  1824  ;  son  of 
Jacob  and  Anna  (Fuller)  Manning.  His  father, 
a  native  of  New  Hampshire,  was  one  of  the  five 
pioneers  who  settled  in  the  wilderness  of  Stenben 

county,  N.Y.  Jacob 
worked  on  the  farm 
and  attended  Frank 
lin  academj",  Pratts- 
burg,  N.Y.,  1842-1(5, 
supporting  himself 
by  teaching  district 
schools.  He  was 
graduated  witli  high 
honors  from  Amherst 
college  in  1850  ;  was 
graduated  from  An- 
dover  Theological 
seminary  in  1854, 
and  was  pastor  of 
the  Mystic;  Congre 
gational  church,  Med- 

ford,  Mass.,  1854-57.  He  was  installed  as 
sociate  pastor  of  the  Old  South  church,  Boston, 
March  11,  1857,  and  served  as  such,  1857-72. 
When  the  American  flag  was  unfurled  from 
its  steeple,  May  1,  1861,  he  made  an  eloquent 
patriotic  address.  He  was  appointed  chaplain 
of  the  43d  Massachusetts  volunteers  and  em 
barked  for  North  Carolina,  Nov.  5,  1802.  The 
exposure  incident  to  the  nine  months'  service 
undermined  his  health  and  in  June,  1863,  he  was 
seized  with  malarial  fever  and  on  July  5,  18(33, 
returned  to  Boston.  He  resumed  his  duties  at 
the  Old  South  church,  Dec.  13,  1663,  and  con 
tinued  as  associate  until  the  autumn  of  1872, 
when  Dr.  Blagden  resigned  and  he  became  sole 
pastor.  The  fire  of  November,  1872,  damaged  the 
church  so  seriously  that  Dr.  Manning  was  in  favor 
of  abandoning  the  old  site  and  erecting  a  new 
church  on  Copley  square,  where  they  already  had 
a  chapel  unfinished.  This  action  evoked  much 
criticism  on  the  ground  of  historic  association, 
but  in  April,  1873,  the  society  authorized  the 
erection  of  the  r.ew  Old  South  church  and  Dr. 
Manning  dedicated  the  new  building,  Dec.  15, 
1875.  He  preached  a  patriotic  sermon,  May  30, 
1875,  at  the  beginning  of  the  Centennial  celebra 
tion  of  that  year,  and  besides  his  duties  to  the 
society  assumed  those  of  a  member  of  the  Boston 
school  board  for  many  years  ;  an  overseer  of 
Harvard  college,  1860-66  ;  a  trustee  of  the  state 
library,  1865-82;  and  lecturer  at  Andover  Theolog- 

[3451 


ical  seminary,  1866-72.  He  received  the  honorary 
degree  of  D.D.  from  Amherst  in  1867.  He  is  the 
author  of  :  Half  Moths  and  the  Moth  (1872);  Helps 
to  a  Life  of  Prayer  (1874);  Not  of  Man,  but  of 
God  (1883);  Sermons  and  Addresses  (1889)  ;  and 
numerous  sermons  and  addresses  published  in 
pamphlet  and  contributions  to  The  Bibliotheca 
Sacra.  A  memorial  address  by  the  Rev.  William 
M.  Taylor,  Sunday,  Feb.  28,  1833,  together  with 
the  funeral  services,  Friday,  Dec.  1,  1882,  was 
printed  (1883).  His  health  failing,  he  resigned 
his  active  pastoral  duties  and  accepted  those  of 
pastor  emeritus,  naming  March  11,  1882,  the 
twenty  -fifth  anniversary  of  his  installation,  as 
the  time.  On  the  first  Sunday  in  March,  1882,  he 
took  part  in  the  services  of  the  church  for  the 
last  time  and  he  died  while  on  a  visit  to  his 
brother-in-law,  the  Rev.  W.  H.  Fenn,  Portland, 
Maine.  Nov.  29,  1882. 

MANNING,  James,  educator,  was  born  in 
Piscataway,  N.J.,  Oct.  22,  1738  ;  son  of  James 
and  Grace  (Fitz-Randolph)  Manning,  and  grand 
son  of  James  and  Christiana  (Lang)  Manning  and 
of  Joseph  and  Rebecca  (Drake)  Fitz-Randolph. 
His  great-grandfath 
er.  Jeffrey  Manning, 
was  one  of  the  ear 
liest  settlers  in  Pis 
cataway  township. 
James  attended  the 
Hope  well  academy, 
1756-58,  and  was 
graduated  with  sec 
ond  honors  from  the 
College  of  New  Jer 
sey,  A. B.,  1762,  A.M., 
1765.  He  was  mar 
ried  March  29,  1763, 
to  Margaret,  daugh 
ter  of  John  Stites,  for 
several  years  mayor  •» 

of  Elizabethtown,  N.  J.  He  was  ordained  as  an 
evangelist,  April  19,  1763,  and  travelled  through 
the  colonies.  In  July,  1763.  while  at  Newport, 
R.I.,  he  suggested  the  establishment  of  a  college 
to  be  conducted  by  the  Baptists,  and  in  accord 
ance  with  the  suggestion  of  Col.  John  Gardner, 
the  deputy  governor,  he  drew  a  sketch  of  the 
plan  and  a  rough  charter  was  laid  before  the  next 
general  assembly,  Aug.  1,  1763,  but  it  was  not 
until  February,  1764,  that  it  finally  passed  the 
assembly  after  a  warm  debate,  and  largely 
through  the  personal  influence  of  Mr.  Manning. 
He  was  called  to  Warren,  R.I.,  where  he  organ 
ized  a  church  of  fifty-eight  members,  of  which 
he  was  pastor,  1764-70,  and  opened  a  Latin  school 
which  was  later  removed  to  Providence.  R.I., 
and  became  the  University  Grammar  school.  The 
first  meeting  of  the  corporation  for  founding. 


MANNING 


MANNING 


and  endowing  a  college  or  university  within  the 
province  of  Rhode  Island  was  held  at  Newport 
in  September.  1764,  and  at  the  second  meeting  in 
September,  170.1,  Mr.  Manning  was  chosen  pres 
ident  and  professor  of  languages.  He  matricu 
lated  his  first  college  student,  William  Rogers 
(q.v.),  a  lad  of  fourteen,  from  Newport.  Sept.  3, 
1765.  In  1767  he  organized  the  Warren  associa 
tion,  the  first  Baptist  association  established  in 
New  England.  The  first  commencement  of  the 
college  was  held  in  the  meeting-house,  Sept.  7, 
1769,  and  the  discussion  of  American  Independ 
ence  constituted  the  principal  feature  of  the 
exercises.  The  college  was  removed  to  Provi 
dence,  R.I.,  in  May,  1770.  and  Manning  gave  up 
his  church  in  Warren,  and  at  the  solicitation  of 
the  trustees  of  the  college  he  removed  to  Provi 
dence  and  continued  his  duties  as  president.  The 
first  commencement  in  Providence  was  held  in 
the  meeting-house  of  the  society  on  Sept.  8,  1770. 
Manning  was  pastor  of  the  first  Baptist  church  in 
Providence,  founded  by  Roger  Williams,  and 
regarded  as  the  oldest  Baptist  church  in  Amer 
ica..  1771-91.  A  new  meeting-house  was  erected 
in  1775.  During  the  Revolutionary  war  the  col 
lege  doors  were  closed,  the  students  prosecuting 
their  studies  at  home,  and  university  hall  was 
used  by  the  American  and  French  troops  as  a 
barracks  and  hospital.  The  college  exercises 
were  resumed,  May  27,  1782.  President  Manning 
was  a  delegate  to  the  Continental  congress, 
1785-86,  and  it  was  largely  through  his  endeavors 
that  Rhode  Island  adopted  the  constitution.  The 
University  of  Pennsylvania  conferred  on  him  the 
honorary  degree  of  D.L).  in  1785.  He  was  a  firm 
upholder  of  public  education  and  was  the  author 
•of:  .1  Report  in  Favor  of  the  Establishment  of  Free 
Public  Scliools  iu  the  Town  of  Providence.  See 
"  Life,  Times  and  Correspondence  of  James  Man 
ning  and  the  Early  History  of  Brown  Univer 
sity,"  by  R.  A.  Guild  (1804),  and  "History  of 
Brown  University,  1856-1895,"  ibid.  (1895).  While 
at  family  prayers  he  died  of  apoplexy  in  Provi 
dence,  R.I.,  July  29.  1791. 

MANNING,  James  Hilton,  publisher,  was  born 
in  Albany,  N.Y.,  Sept.  22,  1854;  son  of  Daniel 
and  Mary  (Little)  Manning.  He  graduated  from 
the  Albany  high  school  in  1873;  was  employed 
by  the  Argus  company  as  subscription  clerk, 
1*73-74,  and  reporter,  1874-85;  in  1885  became 
managing  editor,  and  succeeded  his  father  as 
president  of  the  corporation  in  1888.  He  was 
married,  Oct.  22,  1879.  to  Emma  J.,  daughter  of 
Dr.  John  C.  Austin  in  Albany.  He  left  the  cor 
poration  in  1893  and  organized  the  Weed-Par 
sons  Printing  company  of  which  he  was  made 
president.  He  was  elected  mayor  of  Albany,  1890 
and  189?,  and  was  state  civil  service  commissioner 
by  appointment  of  Governor  Hill,  1887-89.  He 


was  elected  president  of  the  Hudson  River  Tele 
phone  company  and  an  officer  of  the  United 
Traction  company. 

MANNING,  John,  educator,  was  born  in  Eden- 
ton,  N.C..  July  30,  1830  ;  son  of  Capt.  John 
(U.S.N.)  and  Tamar  (Leary)  Manning:  and 
grandson  of  Capt.  Joseph  and  Sarah  Long  (Heug- 
ten)  Manning.  He  attended  the  Edenton  acad 
emy,  the  Norfolk  Military  academy  and  was  grad 
uated  at  the  University  of  North  Carolina,  A.B., 
1850.  A.M.,  185:!.  He  cruised  in  the  U.S.  brig 
Ilainbridge,  Capt.  John  Manning,  off  the  coast  of 
South  America,  but  disliked  the  sea  and  was  sent 
by  his  father  back  to  Norfolk  in  the  U.S.  sloop 
St.  Louis.  He  studied  law  in  Pittsboro,  N.C., 
and  was  admitted  to  practise  in  1853.  He  was 
married,  June  5,  1856,  to  Louise  J.,  daughter  of 
Dr.  Isaac  Hall  and  granddaughter  of  Judge  John 
Hall,  of  Pittsboro.  In  1861  he  enlisted  in  the 
Chatham  Rifles,  was  made  1st  lieutenant,  and  he 
also  served  as  a  delegate  to  the  secession  conven 
tion,  where  he  opposed  secession.  He  became  ad 
jutant  of  his  regiment,  the  15th  N.C.  volunteers. 
He  was  detached  from  the  army  by  President 
Davis  to  act  as  receiver  under  the  sequestration 
acts  and  held  the  position  until  the  close  of  the 
war.  He  was  a  representative  from  the  fourth 
North  Carolina  district  in  the  41st  congress.  1869- 
71  ;  a  member  of  the  constitutional  convention 
of  1875  ;  a  trustee  of  the  University  of  North 
Carolina,  1875-99  ;  a  representative  in  the  North 
Carolina  legislature,  1880,  and  chairman  of  the 
judiciary  committee.  He  secured  an  annuity  of 
$5.000  for  the  University  of  North  Carolina  and  he 
was  one  of  the  three  commissioners  to  revise  the 
statute  laws  of  the  state,  resulting  in  the  Code 
of  North  Carolina  (1883).  He  refused  appoint 
ment  to  the  superior  bench  and  also  to  the  office 
of  secretary  of  state  offered  by  Governor  Jarvis. 
In  1881  he  accepted  the  professorship  of  law  in  the 
University  of  North  Carolina  made  vacant  by  the 
deatli  of  William  H.  Battle  in  1879  and  increased 
his  class  from  7  in  1879  to  87  in  1898.  He  received 
the  honorary  degree  of  LL. I),  from  the  University 
of  North  Carolina  in  1883.  He  died  at  Chapel 
Hill.  N.C..  Feb.  12,  1899. 

MANNING,  John  Lawrence,  governor  of 
South  Carolina,  was  born  at  "Hickory  Hill," 
Clarendon  district,  S.C.,  Jan.  29.  1816;  son  of 
Governor  Richard  Irvine  Manning  (q.v.).  He 
matriculated  at  the  College  of  New  Jersey  with 
the  class  of  1837,  but  left  in  1836  on  the  death  of 
his  father,  and  was  graduated  at  South  Carolina 
college  in  1838.  He  married  Susan  Francis, 
daughter  of  Col.  Wade  Hampton,  and  sister  of 
Gen.  Wade  Hampton.  For  several  years  he  con 
ducted  a  sugar  plantation  in  Louisiana  but  sub 
sequently  returned  to  South  Carolina  and  resided 
at  Sumter.  He  represented  his  district  in  either 


[340] 


MANNING 


MANNING 


house  of  the  South  Carolina  legislature  for  several 
terms  ;  was  defeated  for  governor  of  the  state  by 
David  Johnson  in  1846,  and  was  elected  in  1851, 
serving  1852-58.  He  established  scholarships  in 
South  Carolina  cqllege,  and  personally  aided 
several  young  men  to  obtain  an  education.  He 
was  a  delegate  to  the  Democratic  national  con 
vention  that  met  at  Cincinnati,  June  2,  1856,  one 
of  the  committee  to  inform  James  Buchanan  of 
his  nomination  to  the  Presidency  in  1856,  and  a 
presidential  elector  in  1857.  In  the  latter  year 
he  was  appointed  by  President  Buchanan  U.S. 
minister  to  Russia  but  declined  the  office  and  rec 
ommended  Francis  \V.  Pickens,  who  was  ap 
pointed.  During  the  civil  war  he  served  on  the 
staff  of  General  Beauregard  in  the  Confederate 
States  army  and  was  elected  to  the  U.S.  senate 
from  South  Carolina  in  1865,  but  was  not  allowed 
to  take  his  seat  under  the  reconstruction  act  of 
congress.  He  died  in  Carnden,  S.C.,  Oct.  29,  1889. 

MANNING,  Richard  Irvine,  governor  of  South 
Carolina,  was  born  in  Clarendon  district,  S.C., 
May  I,  1789  ;  son  of  Lieut.  Lawrence  Manning, 
an  officer  in  the  Continental  army,  who  served 
first  in  "Congress's  Own/'  and  afterward  in 
"  Light-Horse  Harry's  corps."  He  was  graduated 
at  South  Carolina  college  in  1811,  and  served  in 
the  war  of  1812,  as  captain  of  a  volunteer  com 
pany  in  the  defence  of  Charleston,  S.C.  He  was 
a  representative  in  the  state  legislature,  1822-23  ; 
governor  of  South  Carolina,  1824-26  ;  was  the 
defeated  Union  candidate  for  representative  in 
the  20th  congress,  1826;  was  a  member  of  the 
state  senate,  1827-34,  and  was  a  representative 
in  the  23d  congress,  filling  the  unexpired  term 
of  James  Blair,  deceased,  and  was  re-elected  to 
the  24th  congress,  serving  from  Dec.  8,  1834, 
until  his  death.  He  died  while  under  medical 
treatment  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  May  1,  1836. 

MANNING,  Robert,  pomologist,  was  born  in 
Salem,  Mass.,  July  19,  1784;  a  descendant  of 
Richard  and  Anstiss  (Galley)  Manning  of  Dart 
moor,  England.  At  the  death  of  Richard,  his 
widow  Anstiss  came  to  Massachusetts  with  her 
children  in  the  ship  Hannah  and  Elizabeth  and 
settled  in  Salem  in  1679.  Robert  Manning  was 
educated  in  the  schools  of  Salem,  and  at  an  early 
age  became  interested  in  the  nomenclature  of 
fruit.  He  devoted  himself  to  this  single  pur 
pose  for  twenty-five  years,  and  in  1823,  estab 
lished  a  pomological  garden  in  Salem  in  which 
he  propagated  and  accumulated  the  largest  and 
best  assortment  of  fruit  trees  controlled  by  a 
single  individual.  He  corresponded  with  Euro 
pean  cultivators,  more  particularly  with  mem 
bers  of  the  London  Horticultural  society,  for  the 
purpose  of  obtaining  scions  from  rare  fruit  trees. 
He  added  to  his  collection  every  American  variety 
worth  cultivating,  and  in  1842  his  collection 


[3471 


contained  nearly  1000  varieties  of  pears  and  500 
varieties  of  apples,  peaches,  cherries  and  plums. 
He  also  succeeded  in  raising  several  superior 
varieties  of  cherries  from  seeds.  His  familiarity 
with  fruit  became  so  thorough  that  he  could  iden 
tify  the  rarest  kinds  at  sight.  His  sister,  Eliza 
beth  Clark  Manning,  married  Capt.  Nathaniel 
Hawthorne,  father  of  Nathaniel  Hawthorne  the 
novelist,  and  when  she  was  left  a  widow,  Mr. 
Manning  paid  the  expenses  of  his  nephew  at 
Bowdoin.  He  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the 
Massachusetts  Horticultural  society,  and  contrib 
uted  frequently  to  the  Horticultural  Magazine. 
He  died  in  Salem,  Mass.,  Oct.  10.  1842. 

MANNING,  Thomas  Court  land,  jurist,  was 
born  in  Edenton,  N.C.,  Sept.  14,  1825  ;  son  of 
Capt.  Joseph  and  Sarah  Long  (Heugten)  Manning, 
grandson  of  David  and  Edney  (Moncreiff)  Man 
ning,  and  a  descendant  of  John  and  Ann  Man 
ning.  His  first  ancestor  in  America  came  from 
England  and  settled  near  Norfolk,  Virginia,  in 
the  seventeenth  century.  He  was  a  student  at 
the  University  of  North  Carolina,  1842-43  ;  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1852,  practised  in  Eden- 
ton,  1852-55,  and  then  removed  to  Alexandria, 
La.,  where  he  soon  acquired  an  extensive  prac 
tice,  and  also  bought  and  cultivated  a  large  plan 
tation  between  Baton  Rouge  and  New  Orleans. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  state  convention  of  1861, 
and  after  the  passage  of  the  act  of  secession, 
Jan.  26,  1861,  he  joined  a  Louisiana  regiment  of 
state  troops  as  lieutenant.  He  was  transferred 
to  the  staff  of  Gov.  Thomas  O.  Moore  with  the 
rank  of  lieutenant-colonel,  and  was  made  adju 
tant-general  of  the  state  in  1863,  with  the  rank  of 
brigadier-general.  He  was  associate  justice  of 
the  supreme  court  of  Louisiana,  1864-65,  during 
the  administration  of  Governor  Halm  ;  refused  the 
Democratic  nomination  for  governor  in  1872  and 
was  presidential  elector  on  the  Democratic  ticket 
that  year  and  vice-president  of  the  Democratic 
national  convention  of  1876.  He  was  chief  justice 
of  the  supreme  court  of  Louisiana,  /877-80.  He 
was  a  Hancock  and  English  presidential  elector 
at  large  from  Louisiana  in  1881,  and  in  Novem 
ber,  1880,  was  elected  to  the  U.S.  senate  to  fill 
the  vacancy  caused  by  the  death  of  Henry  M. 
Spofford,  Aug.  20,  1880,  but  was  not  admitted. 
He  served  as  chief  justice  of  the  supreme  court 
of  Louisiana,  1882-87,  and  was  confirmed  by  the 
senate  as  U.S.  minister  to  Mexico,  Feb.  22,  1887. 
He  received  the  honorary  degree  of  LL.D.  from 
the  University  of  North  Carolina  in  1878.  He 
was  a  trustee  of  the  Peabody  Education  Fund, 
and  while  in  New  York  city  to  attend  a  meeting 
of  the  board  he  died.  Oct.  11,  1887. 

MANNING,  Van  H.,  representative,  was  born 
in  Edgecomb  county,  N.C.,  July  26.  1839  ;  son  of 
Reuben  S.  and  Dorothy  (Howell)  Manning. 


MANOGUE 


MANSFIELD 


His  parents  removed  to  Mississippi  in  1841  and  he 
attended  Horn  Lake  academy,  and  the  Univer 
sity  of  Nashville.  He  was  married  May  3,  1859, 
to  Mary  Z.  daughter  of  W.  W.  Wallace,  of  Holly 
Springs,  Miss.,  who  with  four  sons  and  four  daugh 
ters  survived  him.  He  removed  to  Arkansas  in 
I860,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1861. 
He  enlisted  in  the  Confederate  States  army, 
and  was  appointed  captain  in  and  subsequently 
colonel  of  the  3d  Arkansas  infantry.  He  com 
manded  Gen.  John  G.  Walker's  brigade  at  Rich 
mond  in  1862,  and  when  the  brigade  joined  Gen 
eral  Lee's  army  at  Frederick,  Md.,  he  undertook 
to  destroy  the  aqueduct  bridge  across  the  Monoc- 
acy.  Failing  in  that  he  co-operated  with  Jack 
son  and  McLaws  in  the  capture  of  Harper's  Ferry 
and  took  possession  of  Loudoim  Heights,  and  on 
Sept.  16,  1862,  reported  to  General  Lee  at  Sharps- 
burg  and  was  assigned  to  the  extreme  right  of 
Lee's  line  of  battle  on  the  17th.  The  same  day 
the  division  was  ordered  to  reinforce  Jackson 
when  that  officer  ordered  the  division  to  the  re 
lief  of  Hood  and  while  leading  his  brigade  and 
driving  Sedgvvick's  forces  back  Manning  fell, 
severely  wounded.  He  was  present  at  the  battle 
of  the  wilderness  where  he  was  captured,  and  he 
was  held  a  prisoner  of  war  by  the  U.S.  govern 
ment  until  August,  1865.  He  was  a  representative 
from  the  second  district  of  Mississippi  in  the  45th, 
46th  and  47th  congresses,  1877-83,  and  in  1883 
took  up  the  practice  of  law  in  Washington,  D.C. 
He  died  at  Broadville,  Md.  Nov.  3,  1892. 

MANOGUE,  Patrick,  R.C.  bishop,  was  born  in 
Desart,  county  Kilkenny,  Ireland.  March  15, 
1831.  He  attended  school  at  Callan  ;  immi 
grated  to  the  United  States  in  1856  and  was 
graduated  from  the  University  of  St.  Mary  of  the 
Lake,  Chicago,  111.  He  removed  to  California, 
where  he  was  superintendent  and  part  owner  of  a 
mine  at  Mooi'es  Flat,  Nevada  county.  Deciding 
to  enter  the  priesthood,  he  returned  to  Europe, 
and  attended  the  seminary  of  St.  Sulpice,  Paris. 
He  was  ordained,  Dec.  25,  1861,  at  the  seminary, 
returned  to  California,  and  was  pastor  in 
charge  of  St.  Mary's  church,  Virginia  City,  in 
1862,  with  jurisdiction  over  the  entire  country 
afterward  comprised  in  the  State  of  Nevada  ; 
was  vicar-general  of  the  diocese  of  Grass  Valley 
for  a  number  of  years,  and  built  for  St.  Mary's 
parish,  Virginia  City,  one  of  the  finest  churches 
on  the  Pacific  coast.  He  was  appointed  titular 
bishop  of  Cremos  and  coadjutor  to  Bishop 
O'Connell,  Nov.  28,  1880,  and  was  consecrated  at 
San  Francisco,  Gal.,  Jan.  16,  1881,  by  Archbishop 
Alemany  and  Bishops  Mora  and  O'Connell.  He 
succeeded  Bishop  O'Connell  to  the  diocese  of 
Grass  Valley,  Feb.  29,  1884,  his  jurisdiction  be 
coming  the  diocese  of  Sacramento,  May  28,  1886. 
He  died  at  Sacramento,  Cal.,  Feb.  27,  1895. 


MANSFIELD,  Edward  Deering,  editor  and 
author,  was  born  in  New  Haven,  Conn.,  Aug.  17, 
1801  ;  son  of  Jared  (q.v.)  and  Elizabeth  (Phipps) 
Mansfield,  and  grandson  of  David  and  Mary 
(English)  Phipps.  He  was  graduated  at  the  U.S. 
Military  academy  and 
promoted  2d  lieuten 
ant  in  the  corps  of 
engineers,  July  I, 
1819.  He  declined 
the  commission,  was 
prepared  for  college 
by  Mr.  Hooker,  of 
Farmington.  Conn., 
and  was  graduated 
at  the  College  of 
New  Jersey,  A.B. 
1822,  and  A.M.  1825. 
studied  law  with 
Judge  Gould  in  Litch- 
field,  1823-25,  and 
practised  in  Connec 
ticut  until  May,  1826,  and  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  1826 
-36.  He  was  married  first  in  1830,  to  Mary  Peck  of 
Litchfield,  Conn.,  and  secondly,  April  24,  1839,  to 
Margaret,  daughter  of  Thomas  and  Eleanor 
WTorthington,  of  Adena,  Ohio.  He  was  professor 
of  constitutional  law  and  history  in  Cincinnati 
college,  1836  ;  and  editor  of  the  Cincinnati 
Chronicle.  1836-48;  of  the  Chronicle  and  Atlas, 
1849-52,  and  of  the  Railroad  Record,  1852-72,  He 
was  also  editor  of  the  Cincinnati  Gazette  for 
some  time  and  was  a  constant  contributor  to 
that  journal,  1855-80,  and  during  the  civil  war 
regularly  contributed  to  the  New  York  Times, 
signing  his  articles  "  A  Veteran  Observer."  He, 
was  a  commissioner  of  statistics  for  the  state  of 
Ohio,  1859-68,  and  an  associate  of  the  Societe 
Franchise  de  Statistique  Universelle,  1846-80. 
He  received  the  degree  A.M.  from  the  College  of 
New  Jersey  in  1835,  and  that  of  LL.D.  from 
Marietta  college,  Ohio,  in  1853.  He  is  the  author 
of  :  A  Discourse  on  tJie  Utility  of  Mathematics 
(1834)  ;  A  Treatise  on  Constitutional  Law  (1835)  ; 
Political  Grammar  of  the  United  States  (1835)  ; 
TJie  Legal  Rights,  Duties  and  Liabilities  of  Mar 
ried  Women  (1845)  ;  The  Life  of  Gen.  Win  field 
Scott  (1848);  TJie  History  of  the  Mexican  War 
(1849);  American  Education  (1851)  ;  Tlie  Memoirs 
of  Daniel  Drake  (1855)  ;  A  Popular  Life  of  Gen. 
Ulysses  S.  Grant  (1868)  ;  Personal  Memoirs,  ex 
tending  to  the  year  1841  (1870).  and  joint  author 
with  Benjamin  Drake  of  Cincinnati  in  IS^G.  He 
died  at  Morrow,  Ohio,  Oct.  27,  1880. 

MANSFIELD,  Jared,  mathematician,  was  born 
in  New  Haven,  Conn.,  May  2, 1759  ;  son  of  Stephen 
and  Hannah  (Beach)  Mansfield  ;  grandson  of 
Jonathan  and  Sarah  (Ailing)  Mansfield,  and  a 
descendant  of  Richard  Mansfield,  of  Devonshire, 


[348] 


MANSFIELD 


MANSFIELD 


England,  who  settled  in  New  Haven,  Conn.,  in 
1639.  His  father  was  a  sea  captain  and  engaged 
extensively  in  the  West  India  trade.  He  was 
graduated  from  Yale  college  in  1777,  and  devoted 
himself  to  the  private  study  of  sciences  and 
Greek.  In  1787  he  travelled  extensively  in 
Ireland,  England  and  Wales,  and  on  his  return 
went  to  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  and  took  charge  of  the 
Friends'  Latin  Grammar  school,  where  he  re 
mained  until  1795.  He  taught  a  school  for  ad 
vanced  pupils  of  both  sexes  in  New  Haven.  1795- 
1802,  was  married,  March  2,  1800,  to  Elizabeth, 
daughter  of  David  and  Mary  (English)  Phipps,  and 
on  May  3,  1802,  was  appointed  captain  of  the 
corps  of  engineers  in  the  regular  army,  and  sta 
tioned  at  the  U.S.  Military  academy  as  assistant 
professor  of  mathematics.  He  was  U.S.  surveyor- 
general  of  Ohio  and  the  north  west  territory,  1803- 
12  ;  was  promoted  major,  June  11,  1805.  and  lieu 
tenant-colonel,  Feb.  25,  1808.  He  resigned  from 
the  U.S.  army,  July  23,  1810  ;  and  was  appointed 
professor  of  natural  and  experimental  philosophy 
in  the  U.S.  Military  academy,  Oct.  7,  1812,  but 
did  not  enter  upon  his  duties  there  until  August, 
1814.  He  resigned  his  professorship,  Aug.  31, 
1828,  removed  to  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  and  returned 
to  New  Haven,  Conn.,  in  1829.  He  received  the 
degree  LL.D.  from  Yale  in  1825.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  :  Essays,  Mathematical  and  Physical  (1802). 
He  died  in  New  Haven,  Conn.,  Feb.  3,  1830. 

MANSFIELD,  Joseph  King  Fenno,  soldier, 
was  born  in  New  Haven,  Conn.,  Dec.  22,  1803; 
son  of  Henry  and  Mary  (Fenno)  Mansfield  ; 
grandson  of  Ephraim  and  Mary  (King)  Fenno. 

He  was  graduated  at 
the  U.S.  Military 
academy  and  pro 
moted  2d  lieutenant 
of  engineers,  July  1, 
1822.  He  was  assist 
ant  to  the  board  of 
engineers  in  New 
York  harbor  in  the 
construction  of  Fort 
Hamilton,  1822-25, 
and  in  building  the 
defence  of  Hamp 
ton  Roads,  Va.,  1822- 
30.  He  superintend 
ed  the  construction 
of  U.S.  works  in 
southern  states,  1830-38 :  was  promoted  1st 
lieutenant,  March  5,  1832.  and  captain,  July  7, 
1838.  He  was  married,  Sept.  25,  1838,  to  Louisa 
Maria,  daughter  of  Samuel  and  Catherine  (Liv 
ingston)  Mather  of  Connecticut.  He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  board  of  engineers  for  Atlantic  coast 
defences.  1842-45  ;  chief  engineer  of  the  army 
under  Gen.  Zachary  Taylor  in  the  war  with 


[349] 


Mexico,  1846-47  ;  was  brevetted  major  for  gallant 
and  distinguished  services  at  Fort  Brown,  Texas, 
May  9,  1846  ;  lieutenant-colonel,  Sept.  23,  1846, 
for  Monterey,  where  he  was  severely  wounded  ; 
and  colonel,  Feb.  23,  1847.  for  Buena  Vista.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  board  of  engineers  for  the 
Atlantic  coast  defences,  1848-53  ;  for  the  Pacific 
coast  defences,  April  to  May,  1833  ;  superintend 
ing  engineer  of  the  construction  of  Fort  Win- 
throp,  Boston,  Mass.,  1848-53  ;  and  of  improve 
ments  on  the  James,  Appomattox  and  Rappa- 
hannock  rivers  in  Virginia,  1852-53.  He  was  made 
inspector-general  with  the  rank  of  colonel,  May 
28,  1833,  on  the  resignation  of  Col.  George  A.  Mc- 
Call  and  served  in  New  Mexico,  California,  Texas, 
Utah  and  Oregon,  1833-61.  He  was  mustering 
officer,  March  and  April,  1861,  at  Columbus,  Ohio, 
and  commanded  the  Department  of  Washington 
and  the  city  of  Washington,  respectively,  in 
1861.  He  was  brevetted  brigadier-general.  May 
6,  and  promoted  brigadier-general,  May  14,  1861. 
He  was  in  Virginia,  1861-62,  commanding  suc 
cessively  Camp  Hamilton,  Newport  News  and 
Suffolk,  and  was  engaged  in  the  capture  of  Nor 
folk,  May  10.  He  served  on  the  court  of  inquiry 
on  the  battle  of  Bull  Run  at  Washington,  D.C., 
in  1862.  He  was  made  major-general  of  U.S. 
volunteers,  July  18,  1862  ;  commanded  the  12th 
corps,  Army  of  the  Potomac,  in  the  Maryland 
campaign,  Sept.  10-17,  1862,  and  participated  in 
the  battle  of  Antietam,  Sept.  17,  1862.  where,  at 
the  head  of  his  corps,  he  was  fatally  wounded. 
A  granite  monument  erected  to  his  memory  on 
the  battle-field  was  dedicated  in  May,  1900.  He 
died  at  Antietam,  Md.,  Sept.  18,  1862. 

MANSFIELD,  Richard,  actor,  was  born  on  the 
island  of  Heligoland,  Germany,  May  24.  1851. 
His  father  was  a  native  of  England  and  his 
mother.  Mine.  Mans 
field  Rudersdorf,  was 
a  Russian  prima  don 
na.  He  travelled  with 
his  parents  in  Eng 
land  and  on  the 
continent,  attended  a 
private  school  in  Ger 
many  and  Derby 
school  under  the  Rev. 
Walter  Clarke.  He 
made  his  first  appear 
ance  as  an  actor  in 
the  role  of  Shylock 
at  a  class-day  exhibi 
tion  in  Derby  school. 
After  studying  art 

at  South  Kensington,  he  came  to  the  United 
States  and  obtained  employment  in  the  mer 
cantile  house  of  Eben  Jordan,  in  Boston,  where 
he  gained  the  friendship  of  his  employer.  He 


MANSON 


MANTLE 


sliowed    promise  as  a  painter,  acted  in    London 
and  Boston  drawing-rooms,  and  evinced  unusual 
ability    in    vocal   anil   instrumental    music.     He 
made    his    professional    debut     in    America    as 
Dromez  in  the  opera  "  Les  Manteaux  Noires,"  at 
the  Standard    theatre,   New  York   city,  Sept.  26, 
1882.       Soon   after    lie   created    Nick  Vedder   in 
"  Rip  Van    Winkle,"    and  two    months   later  his 
creation  of   Baron    Chevrial    in  "  A  Parisian   Ro 
mance,"  in  A.  M.   Palmer's    stock    company,  was 
the  dramatic    sensation    of   the   season.     In  1884 
he  appeared  in  the    comedy  "  Alpine   Roses,"  by 
H.  H.  Boyeson,  and  in  1885  he  played  in  "Victor 
Durand  ''  and  "  In  Spite  of  All."    Following  this 
was  a  notable  engagement  in  Boston   as  Koko  in 
"  The  Mikado,"  which    opened  the    Hollis  Street 
theatre.     He  began  to  star  in    1886,  and  his   sub 
sequent   productions     include:     "Prince  Karl" 
(1886);  "Dr.    Jekyl    and  Mr.    Hyde  "  and  "  Mon 
sieur"    (1887);    "King    Richard    III."     (1889); 
"  Master  and  Man  "and  "  Beau  Brummel"  (1890) ; 
"Don   Juan  "and   "Nero"  (1891)  ;  "Ten   Thou 
sand  a  Year  "and  "The  Scarlet  Letter"  (1892); 
"  The  Merchant  of  Venice  "  (1893)  ;   "  Arms  and 
the  Man  "  and  "  Scenes   from  the  Life  of  Napo- 
lebn  Bonaparte  "  (1894)  ;  "  The  King  of  Peru  " 
and  "  Rodion  the  Student  "  (1895)  ;  "Castle  Som- 
•bras"    (1896);    "  The    Devil's  Disciple  "   (1897)  ; 
"  The  First  Violin  "  and  "  Cyrano  de  Bergerac  " 
(1898)  ;  "  King  Henry  V."  (1901)  :  "  Beaucaire  " 
(1901).        In  1895  he  purchased  Harrigan's  theatre 
in    New  York   city,    which    he   remodelled   and 
named  "  The  Garrick.''     Here  lie  produced  some 
of  his  most  successful  plays.      He  was  married, 
Sept.  15,  1892,  to  Beatrice  Cameron,  his  leading 
lady.     Besides  several  plays,  he  is  the  author  of  a 
fantastic  book  for  children  entitled  Blown  Away 
(1898),  and  two  poems  :   The  EaglSss  Song  and  The 
Charge  of  Dargai  Gap  (1898). 

MANSON,  Mahlon  D.,  representative,  was 
born  at  Piqua,  Ohio,  Feb.  20,  1820.  He  received 
a  limited  education  and  was  employed  as  a  farm 
laborer  and  afterward  settled  in  Crawfordsville, 
Ind.,  as  a  druggist.  He  was  captain  in  the  5th 
Indiana  infantry  in  the  Mexican  war,  1846-47, 
and  a  Democratic  representative  in  the  Indiana 
legislature,  1851-52.  He  was  captain  in  the  10th  In 
diana  volunteers  and  became  major  and  colonel  of 
the  regiment  which  he  commanded  in  the  advance 
of  Rosecrans's  brigade  at  the  battle  of  Rich  Moun 
tain,  Va.,  July  11,  1861.  He  commanded  the  2d 
brigade  of  the  army  of  Gen.  George  H.  Thomas, 
at  Mills  Springs,  Ky.,  Jan.  19,  1862,  and  was 
appointed  brigadier-general  of  volunteers  in 
March,  1862.  He  was  engaged  in  the  skirmishes 
in  front  of  Corinth,  Miss.,  April  and  May,  1862  ; 
commanded  the  U.S.  forces  at  the  disastrous 
battle  of  Richmond,  Ky.,  before  the  arrival  of 
General  Nelson,  and  opened  the  battle.  He  was 


wounded,  taken  prisoner  and  was  exchanged  in 
December,  1862.  He  commanded  the  Federal 
forces  in  a  skirmish  with  Pegram  in  March,  1863, 
and  during  Morgan's  raid  in  Indiana  and  Ohio  in 
July,  1863.  He  served  with  Burnside  in  East 
Tennessee  ;  was  assigned  to  the  command  of  the 
23d  army  corps  in  September,  1S63,  and  took 
part  in  the  siege  of  Knoxville.  He  was  severely 
wounded  at  the  battle  of  Ri'saea,  was  forced  to  re 
sign,  and  returned  to  Crawfordsville,  where  he  was 
an  unsuccessful  Democratic  candidate  for  lieu 
tenant-governor  of  Indiana  in  1864  ;  and  subse 
quently  for  secretary  of  state.  He  was  the  rep 
resentative  from  the  seventh  Indiana  district  in 
the  42d  congress,  1871-73,  and  was  elected 
auditor  of  the  state  of  Indiana  in  1872.  He  died 
in  Crawfordsville,  Ind.,  in  1895. 

MANSUR,  Charles  Harvey,  representative, 
was  born  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  March  6,  1835  ; 
son  of  Charles  and  Rebecca  A.  ( Wills)  "Mansur  ; 
grandson  of  Stephen  Mansur  of  Wilton,  N.H., 
and  great-grandson  of  William  Mansur.  He 
attended  Lawrence  academy,  Groton,  Mass., 
studied  law,  was  admitted  to  the  bar  at  Rich 
mond,  Mo.,  Aug.  30,  1856,  and  practised  in  Chilli- 
cothe,  Mo.  He  was  a  member  of  the  municipal 
board  of  education  eight  years  ;  a  member  of  the 
Democratic  state  central  committee,  1864-68  ; 
and  a  delegate  to  the  Democratic  national  con 
ventions  of  1868  and  1884.  He  was  prosecuting 
attorney  of  Livingston  county,  1875-79  ;  the  joint 
nominee  for  congress  of  the  Democratic;  and 
Liberal  Republican  parties  in  1884  ;  the  Demo 
cratic  nominee  in  1886  and  was  a  representative 
in  the  50th,  51st  and  52d  congresses,  1887-93.  In 
1893  he  was  appointed  by  President  Cleveland 
second  comptroller  of  the  currency,  and  died 
in  Washington,  D.C.,  April  16,  1895. 

MANTLE,  Lee,  senator,  was  born  in  Birming 
ham,  England,  Dec.  13,  1851.  His  father  died 
before  he  was  born  and  his  mother  and  other 
members  of  the  family  immigrated  to  the  United 
States  in  1864  and  settled  at  Salt  Lake  city,  Utah 
Territory,  where  for  some  years  he  worked  on  a 
farm.  In  1870-71  he  went  to  Malad  City,  Idaho, 
where  he  was  in  the  employ  of  the  Western 
Union  Telegraph  company  at  Pleasant  Valley  on 
the  overland  stage  and  telegraph  line.  In  1877 
he  went  to  Butte  City,  Mont.,  entering  the  em 
ploy  of  the  Wells  Fargo  Express  company  as 
agent.  He  was  the  first  express  agent,  insurance 
agent  and  telegraph  operator  in  Butte.  In  1881 
he  organized  the  Daily  Inter-Mountain  Publishing 
company  and  issued  the  Daily  Inter-Mountain,  the 
first  daily  Republican  newspaper  in  Montana.  In 
1882  he  was  elected  alderman  of  Butte  City  and  in 
1892  mayor.  He  was  a  representative  in  the 
state  legislature,  1883,  1886  and  1888,  and  speaker 
of  the  house  in  1888.  He  was  the  first  president 


[350] 


MANUCY 


MAPES 


of  tlie  Mineral  Land  association  of  Montana,  an 
organization  through  which  the  mineral  lands  of 
the  state  were  preserved  to  the  people.  He  was 
a  delegate  to  the  Republican  national  conventions 
of  1884  and  1896,  and  both  times  chairman  of  the 

delegation.  In  1893 
the  legislature  failed 
to  elect  a  U.S.  sen 
ator,  and  Mantle  be 
ing  the  nominee  of 
his  party,  Governor 
Colcord  appointed 
him  to  fill  the  vac 
ancy.  On  August  28, 
1893,  the  U.S.  senate 
decided  by  a  vote 
of  3.3  to  29  that  when 
a  state  legislature 
fails  to  elect  a  U.S. 
senator  to  fill  an  exist 
ing  vacancy,  or  one 
about  to  occur  by 

limitation,  the  governor  of  the  state  cannot  con 
stitutionally  appoint,  and  he  was  therefore  refused 
the  seat.  On  Jan.  15,  1895,  he  was  elected  to  the 
vacancy  with  practically  no  opposition.  In  1896 
and  1898  he  was  the  leader  of  the  Silver  Republi 
can  party  of  Montana  and  one  of  the  national 
leaders  of  that  part}'.  In  1900  he  returned  to 
the  old  Republican  organization,  upon  the  ques 
tion  of  expansion.  In  1901  lie  was  the  caucus 
nominee  of  the  Republican  members  of  the  Mon 
tana  legislature  for  U.S.  senator,  but  failed  to  be 
elected. 

MANUCY,  Dominic,  R.C.  bishop,  was  born  at 
St.  Augustine,  Fla.,  Dec.  20,  1823.  He  attended 
Spring  Hill  college,  Ala.,  and  a  school  in  New 
Orleans,  La.,  and  was  ordained  priest,  Aug.  15, 
1850,  at  Mobile,  Ala.,  by  Bishop  Portier.  He  was 
stationed  at  the  cathedral  of  the  Immaculate  Con 
ception,  1 850-64.  and  was  pastor  of  St.  Peter's, 
Montgomery,  Ala.,  1864-74.  He  was  made  titular 
bishop  of  Dulma  and  appointed  the  first  vicar 
apostolic  of  Brownsville,  Texas,  and  was  conse 
crated  at  the  cathedral  of  the  Immaculate  Concep 
tion,  Mobile.  Dec.  8,  1874,  by  Archbishop  Perche, 
assisted  by  Bishop  Elder  of  Natchez,  Miss.,  and 
Bishop  Dubuis  of  Gal veston, Texas.  At  that  time 
the  country  was  inhabited  chiefly  by  roving 
Mexicans.  Bishop  Manucy  established  nine 
churches  and  secured  the  service  of  the  Oblate 
Brothers,  the  Ursuline  Sisters  and  the  Sisters  of 
the  Incarnate  Word.  Under  his  guidance  schools 
were  formed  at  Laredo,  Brownsville  and  Corpus 
Christi  ;  academies  at  San  Patricio  and  Refugio  ; 
St.  Joseph's  college  in  charge  of  the  Oblate 
•Brothers  at  Brownsville  ;  a  high  school  at  Laredo, 
and  several  free  parochial  schools.  He  was  trans 
ferred  bishop  of  Mobile,  and  administrator  of 

[351] 


Brownsville  in  March,  1884,  as  successor  to  the 
Rt.  Rev.  John  Quinlan,  deceased.  He  resigned 
both  posts  in  1884  and  was  reappointed  vicar- 
apostolic  of  Brownsville  with  the  titular  see  of 
"  Maronea,"  but  died  before  he  could  remove  to 
that  place.  He  died  in  Mobile,  Ala.,  Dec.  4, 1885. 

MAPES,  Charles  Victor,  agricultural  chemist, 
was  boriiin  New  York  city,  July  4,  1836  ;  son  of 
James  Jay  and  Sophia  (Furman )  Mapes.  He  was 
graduated  from  Harvard,  A.B.,  1857,  and  intended 
to  study  medicine,  but  ill-health  prevented,  and 
in  1858  he'  entered  the  counting  room  of  B.  M.  & 
E.  A.  Wbitlock&  Co.,  wholesale  grocers  in  New 
York.  In  1859  he  formed  a  partnership  with  B. 
M.  Whitlock,  for  the  purpose  of  dealing  in  agri 
cultural  implements  and  fertilizers  in  the  cotton 
states  and  the  business  was  ruined  by  the  civil 
war.  He  engaged  exclusively  in  the  manufacture 
and  importation  of  chemical  fertilizers,  1862-74, 
and  from  1874  devoted  all  his  leisure  time 
to  the  investigation  of  the  special  requirements 
for  plant  food.  He  introduced  special  crop  man 
ures  in  the  United  States,  first  in  1874  by  pre 
paring  fertilizers  adapted  to  the  growth  of  Irish 
potatoes.  He  was  associated  with  Prof.  W.  O. 
Atwater  of  the  national  experiment  station  at 
Washington.  D.C.,  in  making  soil  tests,  and 
founded  and  became  president  of  the  Mapes 
Formula  and  Peruvian  Guano  company  of  New 
York.  He  was  a  member  of  tlte  chemical  depart 
ment  of  the  American  Association  for  the  Ad 
vancement  of  Science  ;  the  American  Chemical 
society  ;  and  president  of  the  New  York  chemical 
and  fertilizer  exchange  from  its  organization  in 
1888.  He  was  married,  June  25,  1863,  to  Martha 
Meeker  Halsted,  granddaughter  of  Chancellor 
Halsted  of  New  Jersey,  and  his  son,  Charles 
Halsted  Mapes,  continued  the  business  of  agricul 
tural  chemist  founded  by  his  grandfather  and 
father.  He  contributed  to  scientific  journals  and 
published  articles  in  pamphlet  form,  and  in  the 
reports  of  the  New  Jersey  state  board  of  agricul 
ture. 

MAPES,  James  Jay,  agricultural  chemist, 
was  born  in  New  York  city,  May  29,  1806  ;  son 
of  Gen.  Jonas  and  Elizabeth  (Tylec)  Mapes  ; 
grandson  of  James  Mapes,  of  Long  Island,  and 
a  descendant  of  Thomas  Mapes,  who  came  from 
England  in  1640  and  was  one  of  the  first  settlers 
of  Southampton,  L.I.  After  leaving  school  he 
was  employed  as  a  chemist's  clerk  until  1827, 
when  he  entered  business  for  himself.  He  was 
married  in  that  year  to  Sophia,  daughter  of  Judge 
Garrit  Furinan  of  Maspeth,  L.I.  He  invented  a 
system  of  sugar  refining  in  1831,  n  machine  for 
manufacturing  sugar  from  the  cane,  and  a  proc 
ess  for  making  sugar  from  West  India  molasses, 
which  he  introduced  in  the  West  Indies  whore 
he  engaged  in  sugar  refining,  but  was  not  sue- 


MARBLE 


MARCH 


[•essful.  He  invented  a  method  of  tanning  hides, 
made  an  analysis  of  beer  and  wine  for  the  New 
York  senate,  which  was  regarded  as  a  standard 
for  several  years,  and  made  many  improvements 
in  distilling,  dyeing,  color-making  and  other  in 
dustries.  He  removed  to  Newark.  N.J..  in  1847, 
engaged  in  farming,  and  edited  the  Working 
Farmer,  which  he  founded  in  1850.  He  intro 
duced  the  use  of  superphosphates  in  1849  and  in 
I S59  received  a  patent  on  his  formula.  He  was 
[•resident  of  the  Mechanics  institute.  New  York 
city,  and  of  the  American  institute,  and  organ 
ized  the  Franklin  institute  of  Newark,  N.J.  He 
was  professor  of  chemistry  and  natural  phil 
osophy  in  the  American  institute,  colonel  in  the 
New  York  state  militia,  and  a  member  of  various 
scientific  societies  in  the  United  States  and  in 
Europe.  He  received  the  honorary  degree  of  A.M. 
from  Williams  in  1840  ;  was  editor  of  the  Jonr- 
ind~  of  Agriculture,  and  The  American  Repository 
of  Arts,  Sciences  and  Manufactures  (1840).  He 
died  in  New  York  city,  Jan.  10.  1866. 

MARBLE,  Manton,  journalist,  was  born  in 
Worcester,  Mass.,  Nov.  16,  1834  ;  son  of  Joel  and 
Nancy  Chapin  (Goes)  Marble,  and  a  descendant  of 
Deacon  Solomon  and  Jerusha  (Green wood)  Marble 
of  Millbury  Mass.,  through  Samuel  and  Freegrace 
Marble  of  Marble  Ridge,  near  Andover,  Mass..  and 
of  Thaddeus  and  Lucy  (Whitney)  Chapin.  Solo 
mon  Marble  fought  at  Bunker  Hill,  Saratoga 
and  Yorktown.  Manton  Marble  was  graduated  at 
Albany  academy,  1833;  University  of  Rochester, 
18.15  ;  was  assistant  editor  of  the  Boston  Journal, 
18T>5-r>6  ;  editor  of  the  Boston  Traveler,  1856-57  ; 
served  on  the  staff  of  the  Evening  Post,  1858-60. 
and  World,  New  York  city,  1860-62, and  was  editor 
and  proprietor  of  the  World,  1862-76.  He  sustained 
the  government,  but  opposed  exorbitances  of  ex 
ecutive  power,  a  federal  revenue  tax.  the  sub- 
^stitution  of  greenbacks  for  money,  negro  suf 
frage  and  the  impeachment  of  the  executive. 
He  wrote  the  Democratic  state  platform  in  1874, 
the  Democratic  national  platform  in  1876  and 
most  of  the  platform  of  18*4.  He  supported 
the  negotiations  leading  to  the  Washington 
Treaty  and  to  the  Geneva  arbitration.  He  was 
sent  to  Europe  in  1885  by  President  Cleveland  as 
special  envoy  to  confer  with  the  governments  of 
Great  Britain,  France  and  Germany,  and  reported 
the  opposition  of  the  British  ministry  to  the  re 
sumption  of  free  bi-metallie  coinage  as  fatal  to 
hopes  for  its  adoption  by  the  other  powers.  He 
gave  early  publicity  in  the  United  States  to 
the  writings  of  Herbert  Spencer  :  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  Century  association  in  I860  ;  was 
a  founder  of  the  Manhattan  club,  1865  ;  was  made 
an  honorary  member  of  the  Cobden  club.  1873,  and 
the  Round  Table,  1S78,  and  was  president  of  the 
Manhattan  club,  1884-89.  He  is  the  author  of  : 


The  Presidential,  Counts  (1877)  ;  Xotes  on  the  Out 
look  on  Life  ;  being  selections  fromprivate  MSS. 
of  Alexander  (Gardiner  Mercer,  S.T.D.  (1899),  and 
articles  in  the  World  under  his  own  signature,  in 
cluding  :  Letter*  to  Abraham  Lincoln  and  A 
Secret  Chapter  of  Political  History  (1878). 

MARBLE*,  Sebastian  Streeter,  governor  of 
Maine,  was  born  in  Dixfield,  Maine,  March  1, 
1817  :  son  of  Ephraim  and  Hannah  (Packard) 
Marble  and  grandson  of  John  and  Lucretia 
(Richardson)  Marble.  He  attended  the  public 
schools  of  Oxford  county,  and  the  Waterville 
academy  ;  studied  law,  1830-43,  and  practised  in 
Waldoboro,  Maine.  He  was  married,  Oct.  17, 
1846,  to  Mary  S.  Ellis.  He  was  deputy  collector 
of  customs.  1S61-63  :  collector  of  customs,  1863- 
66;  register  in  bankruptcy,  1867-70;  U.S.  mar 
shal.  1870-78.  and  state  senator,  1882-87.  He  was 
a  member  of  the  Republican  state  committee  for 
fifteen  years,  and  governor  of  Maine,  1887-89. 
He  died  at  Waldoboro,  Maine,  May,  10,  1902. 

MARCH,  Daniel,  clergyman  and  author,  was 
born  in  Millbury.  Mass.,  July  21, 1816  ;  son  of  Sam 
uel  and  Zoa  March,  grandson  of  Jacob  March,  and 
a  descendant  of  Hugh  March,  the  emigrant,  1653. 
He  attended  Amherst.  1834-36,  and  was  graduated 
from  Yale.  A.  B.,  1840,  A.M.,  1843,  and  from  Yale 
Theological  seminary  in  1845.  He  was  licensed 
to  preach  in  1841,  was  ordained,  April  25,  1845, 
by  the  New  Haven  association,  and  was  pastor  in 
Cheshire,  Conn.,  and  of  the  First  church,  Nashua, 
N.H.,  successively,  1845-56  ;  of  the  Clinton  Street 
Presbyterian  church,  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  1862-79  ; 
of  the  First  Congregational  church,  Woburn, 
Mass.,  1856-62,  and  1879-95,  and  pastor  emeritus 
of  the  latter  after  1895.  He  travelled  extensively 
in  Asia.  India.  China  and  Egypt.  He  was  mar 
ried,  Oct.  8,  1841.  to  Jane  P.,  daughter  of  Abel 
and  Anna  Gilson  of  Proctorsville,  Vt.,  and 
their  son.  Frederick  William,  born  1847  (Amherst, 
1867  ;  Princeton  Theological  seminary,  1873),  was 
appointed  missionary  to  Syria  in  1873.  The 
honorary  degree  of  D.D.  was  conferred  on  him 
by  the  Western  University  of  Pennsylvania  in 
1864.  He  is  the  author  of  :  Walks  and  Homes  of 
Jesus  (1866)  ;  Night  Scenes  in  the.  Bible  (1868)  ; 
Onr  Fa  flier's  House  (1870)  ;  From  Dark  to  Dawn 
(1«73)  ;  Home  Life  in  the  Bible  (1875)  ;  The  First 
Khedive,  and  Morning  Light  in  Many  Lands.  He 
was  residing  in  Woburn,  Mass.,  in  1902. 

MARCH,  Francis  Andrew,  philologist,  was 
born  in  Millbury.  Mass.,  Oct.  25,  1825  ;  son  of 
Andrew  and  Nancy  (Parker)  March  ;  grandson  of 
Tappan  and  Hannah  (Patch)  March,  and  of 
Arroii  and  Sophia  Parker,  and  a  descendant  of 
Hugh  and  Judith  March.  Hugh  March,  born  in 
1620,  came  from  England,  settled  at  Newbury, 
Mass.,  in  1653,  and  in  1658,  at  the  solicitation  of 
his  townsmen,  left  his  farm  and  set  up  the  first 


MARCH 


MARCHAXD 


"  ordinary  "  or  tavern  in  Newbmy,  a  famous  inn 
for  many  years.  Francis  studied  in  the  public 
schools  of  Worcester,  Mass.,  graduated  at  Am- 
herst  in  1845 ;  taught  academies  at  Svvarizey, 
N.H.,  and  at  Leicester,  Mass.,  1845-47,  and  was  a 

tutor  at  Amherst, 
1847-49.  He  studied 
law  in  New  York 
city,  1849-50,  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar 
in  1850.  On  account 
of  ill-health  he  went 
to  Fredericksburg, 
Va.,  where  he  taught, 
1852-55.  He  was  a 
tutor  in  Lafayette 
college,  Easton,  Pa., 
1855-36,  adjunct  pro 
fessor  of  belles  lettres 
and  English  liter 
ature,  1856-57,  and 
in  1857  was  made 

professor  of  the  English  language  and  compara 
tive  philology.  He  was  also  a  lecturer  in  the  law 
department  of  Lafayette  college,  1875-77.  He 
was  a  pioneer  in  the  philological  study  of  the 
English  classics  and  the  historical  study  of  the 
English  language.  He  was  president  of  the 
American  Philological  association,  1873-74,  and 
1895-96  ;  of  the  Spelling  Reform  association  from 
1876,  and  of  the  Modern  Language  association, 
1891-93.  He  was  elected  vice-president  of  the 
New  Shakspere  society  established  in  London  in 
1874,  an  honorary  member  of  the  Philological 
society  of  London,  of  the  L' Association  Fonetique 
des  Professeurs  de  Lan gages  vivantes  of  Paris ; 
a  member  of  the  National  council  of  education  in 
1883,  and  of  numerous  learned  societies.  He  also 
served  as  chairman  of  the  commission  of  the 
state  of  Pennsylvania  on  amended  orthography. 
He  received  the  degrees  LL.D.  from  the  Col 
lege  of  New  Jersey  in  1870.  and  from  Amherst  in 
1871;L.H.D.  from  Columbia  in  1887  ;  D.C.L.  from 
Oxford,  England,  in  1896,  and  Litt.D.  from  Cam 
bridge,  England,  and  from  Princeton  in  1896. 
He  married,  Aug.  12,  1860,  Mildred  Stone,  daugh 
ter  of  Waller  Peyton  Conway  of  Falmouth,  Va., 
a  descendant  of  the  Washington  family,  and 
great  granddaughter  of  Thomas  Stone,  the  signer. 
Their  son,  Alden  March  (born  Sept.  29,  1869, 
Lafayette,  1890),  was  news  editor  of  the  Philadel 
phia  Press  after  1891,  and  Sunday  editor,  1898- 
99  ;  and  the  author  of  The  Conquest  of  the  Philip 
pines  and  our  Other  Island  Possessions  (1899). 
Dr.  March  was  the  most  frequent  contributor  to 
the  transactions  and  proceed  ings  of  the  American 
Philological  association  ;  contributed  articles  on 
philology  to  the  publications  of  the  United  States 
bureau  of  education,  the  National  Educational 


association,  the  Modern  Language  association,  the 
Spelling  Reform  association,  the  "  Jahrbuch  fur 
romanische  und  englische  Literatur,"  in  Berlin, 
and  "  Englische  Studien,"  Heilsbronn.  He  also 
contributed  variously  to  encyclopaedias  and  period 
icals,  his  writings  including  articles  on  jurispru 
dence  and  psychology  in  the  Princeton  Review, 
one  of  which  was  reprinted  in  Edinburgh  in  1861. 
He  edited  a  series  of  college  text-books  of  the 
Greek  and  Latin  Christian  authors  including  : 
''Latin  Hymns"  (1874);  "  Eusebius  "  (1874); 
"  Tertulliaii  "  (1875);  "  Athenagoras  "  (1876); 
"  Justin  Martyr  "  (1877) ;  superintended  the  work 
of  the  American  readers  for  the  Philological 
society  (England),  for  the  Historical  Dictionary 
of  English,  published  by  the  University  of  Ox 
ford  (1884  et  seq),  and  was  consulting  editor  of  "  A 
Standard  Dictionary  of  the  English  Language," 
(1893-1900).  He  is  the  author  of  :  A  Method  of 
Philological  Study  of  the  English  Language  (1865) ; 
Parser  and  Analyzer  for  Beginners  (1869)  :  A 
Comparative  Grammar  of  Anglo-Saxon  (1870)  ; 
Introduction  to  Anglo-Saxon  (1871). 

MARCH,  John,  colonial  soldier,  was  born  in 
Newbury,  Mass.,  June  10,  1658  ;  son  of  Hugh  and 
Judith  March.  He  received  a  good  education 
and  in  1688  was  a  captain  under  Sir  Edmund 
Andros  in  the  campaign  against  the  French  and 
Indians.  He  completed  and  commanded  the  fort 
at  Pemaquid,  Maine,  1692-95  ;  was  promoted 
major,  and  commanded  the  troops  that  defeated 
the  Indians  and  checked  the  French  army  under 
Count  de  Frontenac  at  Damariscotta,  Maine,  in 
1697.  He  continued  a  prominent  officer  in  the 
Colonial  army  ;  attained  the  rank  of  colonel  in 
the  wars  of  1703  and  1707,  and  commanded  the 
expedition  sent  by  Gov.  Joseph  Dudley  against 
the  fort  at  Port  Royal,  in  twenty-three  transports 
under  convoy  of  the  Deptford,  an  English  ship  of 
war.  He  landed  his  men  and  attacked  the  fort 
in  accordance  with  the  orders  of  Governor  Dud 
ley,  but  the  tardy  arrival  of  the  Deptford  had 
enabled  the  garrison  to  prepare,  and  being  un 
supported  by  the  Deptford  the  expedition  failed. 
He  died  in  1725. 

MARCHAND,  John  Bonnett,  naval  officer, 
was  born  in  Greensburg,  Pa.,  Aug.  27,  1808  ;  son 
of  David  Marchand,  representative  in  the  15th 
and  16th  congresses.  He  was  warranted  mid 
shipman  in  the  U.S.  navy.  May  1,  1828,  and  was 
promoted  passed  midshipman,  June  14,  1834  ; 
lieutenant,  Jan.  29,  1840 ;  commander,  Sept.  14, 
1856;  captain,  July  16,  1862;  and  commodore, 
July  25,  1866.  He  commanded  the  steamer  Van 
Bnren  in  the  war  with  the  Seminole  Indians, 
1841-42  ;  engaged  in  the  bombardment  of  Vera 
Cruz  and  the  capture  of  Tuspan,  1847 ;  com 
manded  the  steamer  Memphis  in  the  Paraguay 
expedition  of  1859-60  ;  commanded  the  steamer 


[888] 


MARCHANT 


MARCY 


OLD    COURT-HOUSE  i 
YORK , PA 

'777-1773. 


James  Adger,  in  the  South  Atlantic  blockading 
squadron  in  18(52  ;  engaged  in  the  capture  of 
Fernandina.  and  received  a  wound  while  on  the 
Stono  river  in  March,  18(52  ;  commanded  the  sloop 
Lackairanna,  of  the  Eastern  Gulf  squadron,  18(53- 
64  ;  encountered  the  iron-clad  Tennessee  at  the 
battle  of  Mobile  Bay.  Aug.  5,  1864,  and  was  placed 
on  the  retired  list,  Aug.  27,  1870.  His  brother, 
Albert  G.  Marchand,  was  a  Democratic  represent 
ative  from  Pennsylvania  in  the  20th  and  27th 
congresses,  1839-43.  and  died  at  Greensburg,  Pa., 
Feb.  5,  1848.  Commodore  Marchand  died  at  Car 
lisle,  Pa.,  April  13.  1875. 

MARCHANT,    Henry,    delegate,   was  born  in 
Martha's  Vineyard,  Mass.,  in  April,    1741  ;  son  of 

Capt.   Hexford   and (Butler)    Marchant. 

He  removed  with  his  parents  to  Newport,  R.I., 
where  his  mother  died  shortly  afterward.  He 

was  pi  epared 
for  college  in 
the  best  schools 
in  Newport  and 
matriculated  in 
the  class  of  1759 
at  Philadelphia 
college  (Uni 
versity  of  Penn 
sylvania).  He 
studied  law  un 
der  Judge  Ed- 
[ward  Trow- 
bridge  of  Cam 
bridge,  Mass., 
1759-64,  was  ad 
mitted  to  the 
bar  and  settled 
in  practice  in 
Newport.  lie 

wrote  the  deed  by  which  William  Read  conveyed 
to  William  Ellery  and  others  what  is  known  as 
the  "  Liberty  Tree  Lot  "  in  1706.  He  was  attorney- 
general  of  the  colony,  1770-77,  and  in  this  capac 
ity  was  in  England,  1771-72.  Before  the  Revo 
lution  he  removed  his  family  to  Narragansett, 
R.I..  where  they  remained  until  peace  was  de 
clared.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Rhode  Island 
assembly  and  chairman  of  the  committee  to 
prepare  instructions  to  the  delegates  in  congress  ; 
a  delegate  to  the  Continental  congress,  1777-80, 
and  1783-84  :  one  of  the  signers  of  the  Articles 
of  Confederation,  and  while  in  congress  delivered 
patriotic  speeches  and  was  a  member  of  impor 
tant  committees.  He  again  served  in  the  state 
assembly  after  the  war  :  was  a  member  of  the 
state  convention  that  ratified  the  Federal  con 
stitution,  and  was  judge  of  the  U.S.  district 
court  for  Rhode  Island  by  appointment  of  Presi 
dent  Washington.  1790-96.  He  received  the 
honorary  degree  of  A.M.  from  the  University  of 


Pennsylvania  and  from  Harvard  in  1762,  and 
that  of  LL.U.  from  Yale  in  1792.  He  died  in 
Newport,  R.I.,  Aug.  30,  1796. 

MARCOU,  Jules,  geologist,  was  born  in  Salins, 
Jura,  France,  April  20.  1824.  He  was  a  student 
at  the  College  of  Besancou,  and  at  St.  Louis  col 
lege,  Paris,  and  while  travelling  in  Switzerland 
for  his  health  became  interested  in  natural 
science  and  was  associated  with  Jules  Thurmami 
in  his  work  on  the  geology  of  the  Jura  moun 
tains.  While  pursuing  this  work  lie  met  Louis 
Agassiz  in  184(5.  He  was  engaged  in  classifying 
the  fossils  in  the  mineralogical  departments  of  the 
Sorbonne,  1846  ;  and  was  travelling  geologist  for 
the  Jardin  iles  Plantes  of  Paris  in  1847.  He  ac 
companied  Agassiz  on  a  six-months'  trip  to  Lake 
Superior,  Lake  Huron  and  Niagara,  1848.  returned 
with  Agassiz  to  Cambridge,  and  from  there  sent 
a  large  collection  of  his  specimens  of  copper  ore 
and  other  minerals  to  Paris.  He  explored  the 
mineral  resources  of  New  Jersey,  Pennsylvania, 
Virginia  and  Kentucky,  and  also  revisited  Canada 
in  1849.  He  settled  in  Cambridge,  Mass.,  in  1850, 
where  he  prepared  his  geological  maps.  He  en 
tered  the  United  States  service  in  1853,  as  geolo 
gist  to  the  Pacific  railroad  exploration  of  the 
35th  parallel  from  the  Mississippi  river  to  the 
Pacific  ocean,  of  which  survey  he  made  a  section 
map.  He  was  professor  of  geology  in  the  Zurich 
Polytechnic  school,  1855-59,  and  in  1861  returned 
to  the  United  States,  where  he  assisted  Professor 
Agassiz  in  founding  the  Museum  of  Comparative 
Zoology  in  connection  with  Harvard  university. 
He  was  curator  of  the  division  of  palaeontology, 
1861-64,  and  devoted  himself  wholly  to  scientific 
study  and  research,  1864-75.  He  re-entered  the 
government  employ  in  1875.  He  was  decorated 
with  the  cross  of  the  Legion  of  Honor  in  1867, 
and  was  a  member  of  many  scientific  societies. 
Beside  numerous  scientific  articles  including 
papers  supporting  the  Taconic  systems  of  New 
York,  Vermont  and  Canada,  he  is  the  author  of  : 
Reelierches  Geologi<iuessnrl«  Jura  Salinois(\848); 
Geological  Ma]i  of  tlie  United  Htafes  and  British 
Provinces  of  Novth  America  (2  vols..  1X53);  Geol 
ogy  of  XortJi  America  (1X58);  Geological  ^lap  of 
the  World  (1x61,  2d  edition,  1875) :  Origin  vf  (lie 
Name  America  (1 875);  First  J~)iscorericn  <>f  Cali 
fornia  and  tlie  Or  if/in  of  its  Name  ( 1X7X) ;  A 
Catalogue  of  Geological  Maps  of  America  (ixs4). 
He  died  in  Cambridge,  Mass..  April  17.  1X9X. 

MARCY,  Erastus  Edgerton,  physician,  was 
born  in  Greenwich,  Mass..  Dec.  9,  1815;  son  of 
Laban  and  Frances  (Howe)  Marcy  :  grandson  of 
William  Marcy,  and  a  brother  of  Gen.  Randolph 
B.  Marcy.  U.S.A.  He  was  graduated  at  Ainherst, 
A.B.,  1834,  and  at  the  Jefferson  Medical  college, 
M.D.,  1837.  He  practised  in  Hartford,  Conn., 
1834-47,  and  in  1847  visited  Paris,  studied  the 


1.3541 


MARCY 


MARCY 


original  manuscripts  of  Hahnemann  and  adopted 
homoeopathy  and  removed  to  the  city  of  New 
York,  where  lie  practised,  1847-1900,  being  also 
prominently  known  throughout  tiie  United 
States.  He  was  married  to  Emeline,  daughter  of 
Henry  Kilbourne  of  Hartford.  He  founded  the 
XortJi  American  Journal  of  Homoeopathy  in  1852 
and  edited  it,  1852-05.  He  is  the  author  of : 
Theory  and  Practice  of  Medicine  (1850);  Honueo- 
patlnj  vs.  Allopathy  (1852);  Theory  and  Practice 
of  Homoeopathy  (2  vols.,  1858);  Christianity  and 
its  Conflicts  (1867);  Lift'.  Duties  (1809),  and  many 
essays.  He  died  in  New  York  city,  Dec.  27,  1900. 

MARCY,  Oliver,  educator,  was  born  in  Cole- 
raine,  Mass.,  Feb.  13,1820;  son  of  Thomas  and 
Anna  (Henry)  Marcy  ;  grandson  of  Ichabod  and 
Elizabeth  (Grosvenor) Marcy  and  of  Andrew  and 
Thankful  (Norris)  Henry,  and  a  descendant  of 
John  and  Sarah  (Haddock)  Marcy,  who  were 
among  the  first  settlers  of  Woodstock,  Conn.  He 
was  prepared  for  college  at  "VVesleyan  academy, 
"VVilbraham,  Mass.,  and  was  gi'aduated  at  Wes- 
leyan  university,  Middletown,  Conn.,  in  1846.  He 
was  married,  July  2.  1847,  to  Elizabeth  Eunice, 
daughter  of  Nathaniel  C.  and  Charlotte  (Strong) 
Smith  of  East  Hampton,  Conn.  He  taught  math 
ematics  at  Wesleyan  academy,  1846-51  ;  and 
natural  sciences  in  Amenia  seminary,  N.Y.,  in 
1851,  and  at  Wilbraham  academy,  1851-62  ;  was 
professor  of  physics  and  natural  history  in  North 
western  university,  Evanston,  111.,  1862-09  ;  and 
of  natural  history  there,  1869-76  ;  acting  presi 
dent  of  Northwestern  university,  1876-81  :  and 
William  Deering  professor  of  geology,  and  cu 
rator  of  the  museum.  1881-1899,  and  dean  of 
College  of  Liberal  Arts.  1890-99.  He  was  a  geol 
ogist  on  the  U.S.  survey  of  the  government  road 
from  Lewiston,  Idaho,  to  Virginia  City ,  Mont.,  in 
I860.  He  was  a  member  and  officer  in  many 
learned  societies.  He  received  the  degree  of 
LL.D.  from  the  University  of  Chicago  in  1873. 
He  is  the  author  of  various  articles  in  scientific 
journals  ;  and  "  Record  of  the  Marcy  Family"  in 
the  New  Emjland  Historic  Genealogical  Register, 
1875.  He  died  in  Evanston,  111.,  March  19,  1899. 

MARCY,  Randolph  Barnes,  soldier,  was  born 
in  Greenwich,  Mass..  April  9,  1812  ;  son  of  Laban 
and  Frances  (Howe)  Marcy,  and  grandson  of 
William  Marcy.  He  was  graduated  from  the 
U.S.  Military  academy  in  18:52;  was  promoted 
2d  lieutenant,  Nov.  25,1835.  and  1st  lieutenant, 
June  22,  1837.  He  took  part  in  the  military 
occupation  of  Texas,  1845-46,  and  in  the  war  with 
Mexico,  being  engaged  in  the  battles  of  Palo 
Alto  and  Resaca  de  la  Palma.  He  was  promoted 
captain  of  the  5th  infantry,  May  18,  1846,  and 
was  in  garrison  and  on  frontier  duty.  1846-51. 
He  escorted  Lieut. -Col.  William  G-.  Bolknap  when 
he  selected  the  Red  River  military  posts  in  1851, 


being  with  that  officer  when  he  died  near  Pres« 
ton,  Texas,  Nov.  10,  1851,  and  served  on  the  ex 
ploration  of  the  Red  River  country  and  prepared 
reports  thereon,  1852-54.  He  surveyed  the  land 
for  the  Texas  Indians,  1854-55  ;  at  Corpus  Christi, 
Texas,  1855-56,  and  at  Fort  Mclntosh  and  Fort 
Brown,  Texas,  1856-57.  He  took  part  in  the 
Florida  hostilities  against  the  Seminole  Indians, 
being  engaged  in  the  skirmish  of  Big  Cypress 
Swamp,  April  23,  1857,  served  in  Missouri  and  on 
the  Utah  expedition  of  1857-58,  and  with  a  small 
escort  made  a  laborious  march  through  the  snow 
to  New  Mexico,  to  procure  animals.  He  was 
acting  inspector-general  of  the  Department  of 
Utah,  June  to  August,  1858,  and  on  special  duty 
in  New  York,  preparing  a  handbook  for  overland 
expeditions  in  1859.  He  was  promoted  paymas 
ter  with  the  rank  of  major,  Aug.  22,  1859.  and 
was  paymaster  of  the  northwestern  posts,  1859- 
61.  He  was  appointed  chief  of  staff  to  Gen. 
George  B.  McClellan  in  May,  1861,  was  commis 
sioned  brigadier-general  of  volunteers,  Sept.  23, 
1861,  engaged  in  the  campaign  of  western  Vir 
ginia,  May  to  July,  1861,  and  was  in  Washington, 
D.C.,  from  July,  1861,  to  March,  1862.  He  was 
promoted  inspector-general,  U.S.A.,  with  the 
rank  of  colonel,  Aug.  9,  1861  ;  was  with  McClellan 
in  Virginia  and  Maryland  1862  ;  on  inspection 
duties  in  the  departments  of  the  Northwest, 
Missouri,  Arkansas,  Mississippi  and  The  Gulf, 
1863-65,  and  on  leave  of  absence,  1865-66.  He 
was  brevetted  brigadier-general,  and  major- 
general,  U.S.A.,  March  13,  1865,  for  faithful  and 
meritorious  services  during  the  war.  He  was 
inspector-general  of  the  military  division  of  the 
Missouri,  1866-69,  inspector-general,  U.S.A.,  with 
headquarters  at  Washington,  D.C.,  1869-81  ;  and 
was  promoted  inspector-general,  U.S.A..  with 
the  rank  of  brigadier-general.  Dec.  12,  1878.  He 
was  retired,  Jan.  2,  1881.  He  contributed  to 
magazines  ;  is  joint  author  with  George  B.  Mc 
Clellan  of  Explorations  of  Red  Rirer  in  .7,s\W 
(1853);  and  author  of  :  The  Prairie  Traveller,  a 
Handbook  for  Overland  Emigrants  (1859);  TJtirty 
Years  of  Army  Life  on  the  Border  (1860);  and 
ftorder  Remin iscejices  ( 1 87 1 ) .  He  died  in  Orange, 
N.J.,  Nov.  22.  1887. 

MARCY,  William  Learned,  statesman,  was 
born  in  Southbridge,  Mass.,  Dec.  12,  1786  ;  son  of 
Jedediah  and  Ruth  (Learned)  Marcy  and  a  de 
scendant  of  Moses  and  Prudence  (Morris)  Marcy. 
Moses  Marcy,  born  in  Woodstock,  Conn.,  and  one 
of  the  first  settlers  of  New  Medfield  (Sturbridge), 
Mass.,  built  the  first  grist-mill  in  the  town,  was 
the  first  justice  of  the  peace,  the  first  represent 
ative  from  New  Medford  to  the  state  legislature, 
and  died  Oct.  9.  1779.  William  L.  Marcy  worked 
on  Iiis  father's  farm,  attended  the  public  schools, 
and  Leicester  academy,  was  graduated  from 


MARCY 


HARDEN 


Brown  in  1808,  taught  school  at  Newport,  R.I., 
studied  la\v,  and  removed  to  Troy,  N.Y.,  where  he 
was  admitted  to  the  bar.  He  served  as  a  lieuten 
ant  in  a  company  of  infantry  recruited  in  Troy, 
and  marched  to  the  northern  frontier  and  took 

part  in  the  action 
at  St.  Regis.  Oct.  23, 
1812.  securing  the 
first  prisoners  taken 
011  land,  and  the  first 
flag  captured  in  the 
war.  He  joined  Gen 
eral  Dearborn,  and 
in  1814  was  ordered 
to  New  York,  having 
attained  the  rank  of 
captain.  He  resumed 
his  law  practice  in 
Troy,  and  was  re 
corder  of  the  city, 
1816-18,  when  he 
was  removed  by 

Governor  Clinton,  on  account  of  his  friendship 
for  Daniel  D.  Tompkins.  He  was  editor  of  the 
Troy  Budget,  an  anti-Clinton  journal  of  influence, 
1818-21.  Through  the  Van  Buren  influence  he 
was  appointed  in  January,  1821,  adjutant-gen 
eral  of  the  state  militia.  He  was  elected  state 
comptroller  on  the  ticket  with  Joseph  C.  Yates 
for  governor  in  1823  ;  was  appointed  associate 
justice  of  the  supreme  court  of  New  York  in  1829 
by  Governor  Throop,  and  presided  at  the  special 
circuit  held  in  Lockport  in  1830,  for  the  trial  of 
the  abductors  of  William  Morgan,  charged  with 
exposing  Masonic  secrets  ;  was  U.S.  senator,  1831- 
33  ;  served  as  chairman  of  the  judiciary  commit 
tee,  and  answered  in  debate  both  Henry  Clay 
and  Daniel  Webster.  He  resigned  his  seat  in 
1833  to  accept  the  position  of  governor  of  the 
state  of  New  York,  to  which  he  had  been  elected  in 
1832,  and  lie  served  through  three  terms,  1833-39. 
In  1838  he  was  defeated  by  William  H.  Seward. 
During  his  term  as  governor  the  Whig  party  was 
formed,  the  rise  of  the  anti-slavery  party  took 
place,  and  in  1837  occurred  the  great  financial 
panic.  He  was  appointed  by  President  Van 
Buren  in  183!)  one  of  the  board  of  commissioners 
to  examine  and  decide  upon  certain  Mexican 
claims  then  pending  against  the  government,  and 
served  1839-42.  He  was  chairman  of  the  Demo 
cratic  state  convention  at  Syracuse,  1843.  He 
removed  to  Albany,  N.Y.,  and  lived  in  retirement 
until  the  accession  of  James  K.  Polk  to  the 
presidency,  March  4,  1845.  when  he  became  sec 
retary  of  war  in  his  cabinet.  His  term  of 
office  embraced  the  entire  period  of  the  war  with 
Mexico,  and  his  duties  were  uncommonly  arduous. 
In  1848  he  supported  Gen.  Lewis  Cass  for  the 
presidency,  and  at  the  close  of  Polk's  administra 


tion  he  retired  from  public  life.  He  was  a  can 
didate  for  nomination  for  President  at  the  Demo 
cratic  national  convention  at  Baltimore,  June  1, 
1882,  and  upon  the  nomination  of  Franklin  Pierce 
he  gave  him  his  hearty  support  in  the  campaign 
and  President  Pierce  made  him  secretary  of  state 
in  his  cabinet.  Important  questions  came  before 
him  while  secretary,  such  as  the  Danish  sound 
dues,  the  enlistment  question,  Central  American 
affairs,  and  the  complex  questions  surrounding 
the  release  of  Martin  Koszta  by  Capt.  Duncan  N. 
Ingraliam  (q.v.).  He  went  to  Ballston  Spa,  N.Y., 
in  1857,  and  prepared  for  an  extended  tour  in 
Europe.  He  received  the  honorary  degree  of 
LL.D.  from  Brown  university  in  1833  and  from 
Union  college  in  1839.  He  died  suddenly  in  Ball 
ston  Spa,  N.Y.,  July  4,  1857. 

MARDEN,  George  Augustus,  editor,  was  born 
in  Mt.  Vernon,  N.H.,  Aug.  9,  1839;  son  of  Ben 
jamin  and  Betsey  (Buss)  Marden  ;  grandson  of 
Nathan  and  Suzanna  (Stevens)  Marden,  and  of 
Calvin  and  Sarah  (Abbot)  Buss,  and  a  descendant 
of  Bray  Wilkins  of  New  Salem,  Mass..  in  witch 
craft  times.  His  father  was  a  tanner  and  shoe 
maker  and  he  was  taught  the  shoemaker's  trade. 
He  was  graduated  from  Dartmouth  college.  1861, 
having  paid  his  \vay  by  working  at  his  trade  and 
by  teaching.  He  enlisted  in  Berdan's  U.S.  sharp 
shooters  in  November,  1861,  was  promoted  3d 
sergeant,  Dec.  12,  1861,  and  served  during  the 
Peninsula  campaign  under  McClellan.  He  was 
commissioned  1st  lieutenant  and  made  regimental 
quartermaster,  July  10.  1862,  and  from  January 
to  August,  1863,  served  on  staff  duty  as  acting 
assistant  adjutant-general  of  the  3d  brigade,  3d 
division,  3d  corps.  He  was  mustered  out  in 
September,  1864,  studied  law  in  Concord,  N.H., 
1865.  and  was  employed  on  the  Concord  Daily 
Monitor.  He  prepared  a  history  of  each  of  the 
New  Hampshire  military  organizations,  published 
in  the  adjutant-general's  report  for  1866.  He  was 
married,  Dec.  10,  1867,  to  Mary  P.,  daughter  of 
David  and  Harriet  (Nourse)  Fiske  of  Nashua, 
N.H.  He  was  assistant  editor  of  the  Boston  Ad 
vertiser  in  1867  ;  a  proprietor  and  editor  of  the 
Lowell  Courier,  1867-95.  and  editor-in-chief  of 
the  Courier  and  Citizen  from  1895.  He  was  a 
Republican  member  of  the  Massachusetts  house 
of  representatives  in  1873,  clerk  of  the  same, 
1874-82,  and  a  member  and  speaker  of  the  house, 
1883-84.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  Republican 
national  convention  of  1880  ;  was  elected  to  the 
Massachusetts  senate  in  1885  ;  was  treasurer  and. 
receiver-general  of  Massachusetts,  1889-94,  and 
was  appointed  assistant  U.S.  treasurer  at  Boston, 
April,  1899.  He  was  made  a  trustee  of  the  Mas 
sachusetts  Agricultural  college  in  1888.  and  was 
president  of  the  Dartmouth  alumni  association 
in  1889. 


[356J 


MAR  I.) EX 


MAKETT 


MARDEN,  Orison  Swett,  author,  was  born  at 
Thornton,  X.H.,  in  18.10  ;  son  of  Lewis  and 
Martha  (Cilley)  Marden.  and  of  English  ancestry, 
lie  prepared  for  college  at  the  Xew  Hampton, 
X.H.,  institute  and  was  graduated  from  Boston 
university,  A.B.,  1877.  A.M..  1879,  LL.B.,  1881, 
and  from  Harvard.  M.D..  1882.  He  founded  and 
became  editor-in-chief  of  the  magazine  Success 
in  December,  1897.  and  of  The  Success  Library 
(10  vols.,1901).  His  published  works,  some  of 
which  came  into  use  in  the  schools  of  Japan  and 
America,  include:  Pushing  to  the  Front  (1890); 
Rising  in  the  World  (1897):  The  Secret  of  Achieve 
ment  (1898);  Success  (1899);  Character  (1899); 
Cheerfulness  as  a  Life  Power  (1899);  Good  Man 
ners  and  Success  (1900);  Tlie  Hour  of  Opportunity 
(1900);  Wealth  in,  Economy  (1901):  The  Iron  Will 
(1901):  How  they  Succeeded  (1901);  Talks  icith 
drent  Workers  (1901). 

MARD1S,  Samuel  W.,  respresentative.  was 
born  in  Tennessee  in  1801  ;  son  of  Reuben  Mardis, 
a  farmer.  He  received  a  limited  education,  was 
admitted  to  the  bar,  and  removed  to  Shelby 
county,  Ala.,  with  his  father.  He  practised  in 
Montevallo  ;  represented  Shelby  county  in  the 
state  legislature,  1823-31,  and  was  a  Democratic 
representative  in  the  22d  and  23d  congresses,  1831- 
iM.  He  married  a  daughter  of  Robert  Taylor  of 
Shelby  county.  He  practised  law  in  Mardisville, 
Ala,,  1835-36.  and  died  there  Nov.  14.  1830. 

MARECHAL,  Ambrose,  R.C.  archbishop,  was 
born  in  Ingres,  Loire,  France,  Aug.  28,  1764  ;  son 
of  Louis  and  Anna  (Adam)  Marechal.  He  at 
tended  a  college  at  Orleans.  France,  and  studied 
law.  Deciding  to  become  a  priest  he  entered  the 
seminary  of  St.  Sulpice,  Orleans,  France,  and 
received  tonsure  in  December,  1787.  He  went 
to  Paris  in  1791,  where  he  was  made  sub-deacon 
and  deacon,  but  \vas  obliged  to  flee  to  Bordeaux 
in  1792  on  account  of  the  persecution  of  the 
Catholics.  He  was  ordained  priest  by  Arch 
bishop  Jerome  Maria  at  Bordeaux,  France,  on 
the  eve  of  his  embarkation  for  America.  He  ar 
rived  in  Baltimore,  Md.,  June  24,  1792,  a,nd  tvas 
in  charge  of  the  Bohemian  station,  1792-99  ;  was 
professor  of  theology  at  St.  Mary's  seminary,  Bal 
timore.  1799-1803.  at  the  same  time  filling  the 
chair  of  philosophy  in  Georgetown  college,  Md. 
He  was  teacher  of  theology  at  Aix  and  Lyons, 
France,  1803-11  ;  returned  to  his  chair  in  St. 
Mary's  in  1811,  and  was  subsequently  elected 
president  of  the  seminary.  He  was  elected 
bishop  of  Philadelphia,  Jan.  16,  1816,  but  declined 
and  was  appointed  titular  bishop  of  Stauropolis, 
and  coadjutor  to  Archbishop  Xeale  of  Baltimore, 
July  4,  1817,  but  was  not  consecrated  owing  to 
the  death  of  Archbishop  Xeale.  He  was  conse 
crated  archbishop  of  Baltimore,  Dec.  14,  1817,  by 
Bishop  Cheverus  of  Boston,  assisted  by  Bishop 


Connolly  of  New  York,  and  the  Very  Rev.  Louis 
de  Barth,  administrator  of  Philadelphia,  and 
receiving  his  pallium  at  the  hands  of  the  Rev.  A. 
Kohlmann  at  his  cathedral,  Dec.  19,  1819.  He 
dedicated  The  Cathedral,  Baltimore,  May  31, 1821. 
On  visiting  Pope  Pius  VII.  in  1822  lie  was  made 
domestic  prelate,  the  first  appointed  in  the  United 
States.  He  is  the  author  of  :  Pastoral  Letters 
of  Archbishop  Carroll  to  the  Congregation  of 
Trinity  Church.  Philadelphia,  in  1797,  and  of 
Archbishop  Marechal  to  that  of  Norfolk,  in  1819 
(1819).  He  died  in  Baltimore,  Md.,  Jan.  29, 1828. 
MARETT,  Philip,  philanthropist,  was  born  in 
Boston,  Mass.,  Sept.  25,  1792  ;  son  of  Capt.  Philip 
Marett  of  the  Revolutionary  army,  and  a  descend 
ant  of  French  Huguenots  from  Normandy.  He 
gained  the  Franklin  medal  in  the  Boston  public 
school,  1804  ;  engaged  in  the  foreign  shipping 
trade,  1804-45  ;  was  vice-consul  to  Portugal,  1818; 
president  of  the  Boston  common  council,  1835, 
and  president  of  the  New  England  bank,  1837-45. 
He  made  an  extended  tour  of  the  old  world,  1845, 
and  in  1852  settled  in  New  Haven,  Conn.  In  1867 
he  drew  his  own  will,  leaving  his  entire  e.itate  of 
$050,000  to  his  wife  and  daughter,  and  at  their 
death  to  be  distributed  in  benevolent  and  char 
itable  legacies,  chiefly  in  the  city  of  New  Haven. 
A  clause  in  the  will  provided  that  one  tenth  part 
of  said  estate  should  be  given  to  the  city  of  New 
Haven  in  trust,  the  income  to  be  used  "for  the 
purchase  of  hooks 
for  the  Young  Men's 
Institute,  or  any 
public  library  which 
may  from  time  to 
time  exist  in  said 
city."  Mr.  Marett 
died  in  1809,  and  his 
widow  in  1878,  and 
his  daughter,  Mrs. 
Ellen  M.  Gifford. 
who  left  over  $800.- 
000  to  charity, in  1889. 
The  YoungMen's  In 
stitute,  and  The  New 
Haven  Free  Public 
Library  established 
in  expectation  of  the  legacy,  now  contested  their 
respective  claim  to  the  income  and  the  supreme 
court  decided  in  favor  of  the  latter  and  it  became 
the  beneficiary  to  the  income  from  one  tenth  of 
the  estate,  and  the  library  owes  its  existence  to 
this  benefaction.  The  bequests  were:  one  fifth 
to  the  New  Haven  hospital,  one  fifth  to  the  New 
Haven  aged  and  infirm  (not  paupers),  one  fifth 
to  Yale  university  ;  one  tenth  to  Protestant  and 
and  one  tenth  to  Roman  Catholic  orphan  asylums 
of  New  Haven  ;  one  tenth  to  the  free  library, 
and  one  tenth  to  the  state  for  the  relief  of  im- 


FR6E     PUBLK  LIBRARY 
NBW  HAVEAI  .COAIAI. 


[337] 


MARION 


MARION 


beciles.  This  last  bequest  was  declined  by  the 
state  in  1897,  and  was  divided  proportionately 
between  the  other  objects  named.  Mr.  Marett 
died  in  Ne\v  Haven,  Conn.,  March  22,  1869. 

MARION,  Francis,  soldier,  was  born  at  Win- 
yah,  near  Georgetown,  S.C..  in  1732,  youngest 
son  of  Gabriel  and  Esther  (Conies)  Marion.  He 
was  brought  up  on  his  father's  plantation  and  in 
1748  shipped  on  a  small  vessel  for  the  West 
Indies,  was  wrecked, 
and  with  three  com 
panions  rescued  by  a 
passing  vessel.  Upon 
the  death  of  his 
father  in  1756  he 
engaged  with  his 
brother  Gabriel  in 
planting  on  the 
Santee  canal.  He  be 
came  owner  of  a 
plantation  at  Pond 
Bluff,  St.  John's  par 
ish,  S.C.,  in  1759  ;  en 
gaged  in  the  war  with 
the  Cherokees  and 
in  1761  served  as  a 
lieutenant  under  Capt.  William  Moultrie,  in  the 
battle  of  Etchoee.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
Provincial  congress  of  South  Carolina  in  177."); 
was  appointed  a  captain  in  the  2d  regiment  of 
South  Carolina  infantry,  June  21,  1775,  and  re 
cruited  two  companies,  consisting  of  fifty  men 
each.  He  took  part  in  the  capture  of  Fort  John 
son  in  Charleston  harbor,  Sept.  14,  1775;  and 
was  placed  in  command  of  the  military  stores  at 
Dorchester,  S.C.  He  completed  the  defences  of 
Fort  Johnson  ;  was  promoted  major,  and  on 
June  20,  1776,  took  an  important  part  in  the  de 
feat  of  the  British  fleet  in  Charleston  harbor.  He 
was  promoted  lieutenant-colonel  and  was  placed 
in  command  of  Fort  Moultrie.  In  the  disastrous 
assault  on  Savannah  by  the  allied  forces  of 
Count  d'Estaing  and  General  Lincoln,  in  Septem 
ber,  1779,  he  was  conspicuous  for  his  bravery,  and 
on  Oct.  9,  1779,  his  regiment  passed  into  the 
ditch  of  the  Spring  Hill  redoubt  and  planted  its 
colors  on  the  parapet,  but  was  obliged  to  retreat 
under  a  heavy  fire.  Lincoln  retreated  to  Sheldon, 
S.C.,  and  left  Marion  in  temporary  command  of 
the  army,  while  he  was  in  Charleston  to  look  after 
its  defences.  In  February,  1780,  Marion  was  sent 
home  to  recover  from  a  sprained  ankle,  and  this 
enforced  absence  saved  him  from  being  among 
the  number  surrendered  to  Sir  Henry  Clinton 
after  the  investment  of  Charleston.  He  set  out 
to  join  the  army  sent  by  Washington  under 
Baron  de  Kalb,  to  rescue  Charleston,  but  upon 
finding  General  Gates  in  command  he  returned 
to  his  home  where  lie  was  commissioned  brigadier- 


general  and  organized  "Marion's  brigade,'*' 
which  after  Gates's  defeat  at  Camden,  Aug.  16, 
1780,  and  Sumter's  at  Fishing  Creek,  Aug.  18, 

1780,  was  the  only  organized  American   force   in 
South  Carolina.      Most  of   his  troopers  were  of 
Irish  parentage.     He  advanced  upon  a  large  body 
of  Tories  under  Major  Garney  at  Briton's  Neck 
and  totally  routed  them  without   the   loss  of  a 
single  man,  and  subsequently  defeated  Captain 
Barfield.     In  August,  1780,  he  defeated  a  strong 
force  of  Tories  at  the  Black  Mingo  river,  and  in 
September  he  dispersed  a  detachment  of  British 
regulars  under   Colonel  Tynes    at  Tarcote.      He 
escaped  from  General  Tarleton  after  a  chase  for 
twenty-five  miles,  by   disappearing   in  a  swamp, 
and  the  exploit  caused    Tarleton  to  call  him  the 
"  Swamp  Fox."     After  the  battle  of  King's  Moun 
tain  recruits  came  to  swell  Marion's  brigade  and 
in  December,  1780,  he  made  his  first  attempt  upon 
Georgetown,    which    was   unsuccessful,  and  his 
nephew  Gabriel  Marion  was  taken  prisoner,  and 
as  soon  as  his   name    was  disclosed   was  put   to 
death.     Marion   retired  to  Swan  Island    and  es 
tablished  ''Marion's  Camp."     The  second  attempt 
upon  Georgetown  was  made  in  concert  with  the 
troops  of  Col.  Henry  Lee  on  Jan.  1:5.  1781,  but  was 
also  unsuccessful,  and  when  Lee  was  recalled  by 
Greene,    Marion   organized     four     companies   of 
cavalry,  a  proceeding  necessitated  by  the  scarcity 
of  ammunition,  and  harassed  the  British  and  Tory 
posts  on  the  Pedee  river.     In  April,  1781,  he  co 
operated  with  Lee  in    reducing  Fort  Watson  and 
when  the  fort  surrendered  April  23,  1781,  Rawdoii 
was  obliged  to  evacuate  Camden.  In  conjunction 
with  Leland  Eaton  he  captured  Fort  Motte  on  the 
Congaree,  and   he  made  a  third   and   successful 
attempt    upon     Georgetown.    In    August.    1781, 
Marion  made  a  raid,  covering  200  miles  of  coun 
try,  and  at  the  battle  of  Eutaw  Springs,  Sept.  8r 

1781,  he  commanded  the  right  of  the  lirst  line  and 
joined  Lee  in  the  pursuit  of  the  defeated  enemy, 
taking  many  prisoners.     On  Oct.   9.  1781.  he  re 
ceived  the  thanks  of  congress  for  his  services  in 
that  battle.     In  January.  17*2.  he  was  elected  to 
the  state  senate,  serving  continuously  until  1790. 
He  was  appointed  commandant  of  Fort  Johnson 
in  1784,  and  was  married  the  same  year  to  Mary 
Videau  who  survived    him  but    had  no   children. 
He     was    a     member    of      the     state     constitu 
tional  convention  in  1790.  and  in  1794  he  resigned 
his  commission  in  the  state  militia.      AVhile  in 
the  senate  he  advocated  gentle  usage  of  the  Tories 
and  bitterly  condemned    the  confiscation  act   of 

1782,  The   state   senate    voted    him    a    letter  of 
thanks  and  a  gold  medal  for  his  patriotism.      His 
last  words  were  :  "  Thank  God  I  can  lay  my  hand 
on  my  heart  and  say  that  since  I  came  to  man's 
estate,  I  have  never  done,  intentionally,  wrong  to 
any.''     He  died  at  Pond  Bluff,  S.C.,  Feb.  27,  1795. 


[35SJ 


MARION 


MARKLEY 


MARION,  Robert,  representative,  was  born  in 
Berkeley  district,  8.C.  ;  sou  of  Gabriel  and 
Catherine  (Taylor)  Marion  ;  grandson  of  Gabriel 
and  Esther  (Cordes)  Marion,  and  of  Peter  and 
Catherine  (Le  Noble)  Taylor,  and  a  descendant 
of  Benjamin  and  Judith  (Baluet)  Marion,  Hugue 
not  refugees,  from  Poitou,  France.  He  was  grad 
uated  at  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1784,  and 
was  a  representative  from  South  Carolina  in  the 
•9th,  10th  and  llth  congresses,  1805-10,  resigning, 
Dec.  11,  1810,  when  he  was  succeeded  by  Langdon 
Cheves.  He  was  married  to  Esther,  widow  of 
•Stephen  De  Vaux  and  daughter  of  Henry  and 
Esther  (Marion)  Gignillant.  The  place  and  date 
of  his  death  could  not  be  ascertained. 

MARK,  Edward  Laurens,  zoologist,  was  born 
at  Hamlet,  N.Y.,  May  30,  1847;  son  of  Charles 
L.  and  Julia  (Pierce)  Mark  ;  grandson  of  James 
and  Lucy  (Woodcock)  Mark  and  of  Dr.  Austin 
.and  Mary  Ann  (Sterling)  Pierce,  and  a  descend 
ant  of  David  Sterling  (born  in  Hertfordshire, 
England,  1632),  who  came  to  New  England  and 
settled  in  Charlestown,  Mass.,  in  1651.  He  was 
graduated  from  the  University  of  Michigan, 
A.B.,  1871  ;  remained  there  as  instructor  in 
mathematics,  1871-72 ;  and  was  assistant  astron 
omer  on  the  U.S.  northern  boundary  survey, 
1872-73.  He  was  married  in  1873  to  Lucy, 
daughter  of  Edwin  King  of  Dunkirk,  N.Y.  He 
studied  at  Leipzig  and  Jena,  1874-76,  receiving 
the  degree  of  Ph.D.  from  Leipzig  in  1876  ;  was 
instructor  in  zoology  at  Harvard,  1877-83  ;  assist 
ant  professor  of  zoology  there,  1883-86  ;  and  in 
1885  became  Hersey  professor  of  anatomy.  He 
was  elected  a  member  of  various  learned  socie 
ties,  to  whose  proceedings  he  contributed  numer 
ous  important  articles,  chiefly  011  the  subject 
of  zoology.  He  also  directed  the  preparation  of 
the  Contributions  from  tlte  Zoological  Laboratory 
<  f  the  Museum  of  Comparative  Zoology  at  Har 
vard  College,  which  were  begun  by  him  in  1883 
and  in  1902  numbered  125. 

MARKHAM,  Edwin,  poet,  was  born  in  Oregon 
City,  Ore.,  April  23,  1852;  son  of  Samuel  and 
Elizabeth  (Winchell)  Markham  ;  grandson  of 
Judge  Robert  Winchell  and  of  Israel  Markham, 
and  a  descendant  of  early  settlers  in  Pennsyl 
vania  and  New  England  and  of  English  or  Welsh 
ancestry.  His  father  took  the  family  to  Oregon, 
crossing  the  plains  from  Michigan,  but  died 
while  the  poet  was  in  boyhood.  His  mother 
removed  to  near  Suisun  City,  Cal.,  with  her  sons, 
and  with  the  help  of  Edwin  carried  on  a  wheat 
ranch  and  cattle  range.  He  attended  the  State 
Normal  school,  San  Jose,  Cal..  for  several  years, 
and  was  graduated  in  1872.  After  this  he  took 
a  classical  course  in  Christian  college,  San  Rosa. 
He  took  a  course  in  law.  but  never  practised, 
entering  soon  after  upon  educational  work,  as 

[359] 


superintendent  and  principal  of  public  schools, 
and  in  1898  was  head-master  of  the  University 
Observation  school  in  Oakland,  California.  In 
1899  he  made  a  lecturing  tour  under  the  auspices 
of  the  S.  S.  McClure  lecture  bureau.  He  was 
married,  June  18,  1897,  to  Anna  Catherine  Mur 
phy,  of  the  family  of  Father  Prout,  author  of 
"  Shandon  Bells."  Mr.  Markham  devoted  his 
leisure  time  to  literature,  and  contributed  verse 
to  the  eastern  magazines.  His  poem,  "  The 
Man  with  the  Hoe,"  written  after  seeing  Millet's 
painting  made  him  famous,  but  in  the  published 
opinion  of  many  critics,  his  poems  on  "  Lincoln," 
and  on  "  The  Muse  of  Brotherhood,"  are  superior 
to  this.  Mr.  Markham  is  the  author  of  :  Tlie 
Man  with  the  Hoe,  and  Other  Poems  (1899);  The 
Man  with  the  Hoe,  with  Notes  by  the  Author 
(1900)  ;  Lincoln  and  Other  Poems  (1901). 

MARKHAM,  Henry  Harrison,  governor  of 
California,  was  born  in  Wilmington,  N.Y.,  Nov. 
16,  1840  ;  son  of  Nathan  B.  and  Susan  (McLeod) 
Markham,  and  grandson  of  Barzilla  and  Anna 
(Whittaker)  Markham  of  Brookfield,  Conn.  He 
was  brought  up  on  a  farm  and  attended  school  in 
his  native  town  and  Wheeler's  academy,  Ver 
mont.  He  removed  to  Wisconsin,  joined  the 
Wisconsin  volunteers  in  1862,  and  served  under 
Sherman  in  his  march  to  the  sea  and  through  the 
Carolinas,  receiving  a  severe  wound  at  Whippy's 
Swamp,  Feb.  3,  1865.  He  was  admitted  to  the 
Wisconsin  bar  in  1867,  and  to  the  U.S.  courts 
soon  after.  He  practised  in  Milwaukee,  Wis., 
1867-78 ;  was  married,  May  17,  1876,  to  Mary, 
daughter  of  Giles  C.  and  Martha  (Porter)  Dana  of 
Waukesha,  Wis.,  and  in  1878  removed  to  Pasa 
dena,  Cal.,  where  he  engaged  in  gold  and  silver 
mining.  He  was  a  Republican  representative  from 
the  sixth  California  district  in  the  49th  congress, 
1885-87,  and  he  refused  the  unanimous  re-nomina 
tion  from  both  parties  for  a  second  term.  He 
was  elected  governor  of  California  in  1890,  and 
served  1891-95. 

MARKLEY,  Philip  Swenk,  representative,  was 
born  in  Montgomery  county,  Pa.,  about  1788  ; 
son  of  John  and  Elizabeth  (Swenk)  Markley,  and 
a  descendant  of  German  ancestors  who  settled  in 
Pennsylvania  between  1730  and  1740.  His  father 
was  sheriff  of  Montgomery  county  in  1798;  U.S. 
collector  of  distillery  taxes  for  Pennsylvania  in 
1800,  and  about  that  time  removed  to  Norristown, 
where  he  engaged  in  business.  He  died  in  1834. 
Philip  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1810,  and 
practised  successfully  at  Norristown,  Pa.  He 
was  deputy  state's  attorney  for  Pennsylvania, 
1819-21  ;  a  state  senator,  1820-23  ;  and  a  Dem 
ocratic  representative  in  the  18th  and  19th  con 
gresses,  1823-27.  He  was  defeated  for  the  20th 
congress  in  1826  by  John  B.  Sterigere  ;  was  ap 
pointed  naval  officer  for  the  port  of  Philadelphia 


MARKS 


MARMADUKE 


by  President  Jackson  in  1827  ;  and  was  attorney- 
general  of  Pennsylvania,  1829-450.  He  died  at 
Spank's  Hotel.  Norristown,  Pa.,  in  1834. 

MARKS,  Albert  Smith,  governor  of  Tennessee, 
was  born  near  Owensboro,  Ky.,  Oct.  16,  183(5  ; 
son  of  Elisha  and  Elizabeth  (Sashbrooke)  Marks, 
and  a  descendant  of  Jolin  Marks,  an  early  settler 
of  Virginia.  He  removed  to  Tennessee  witli  bis 
parents,  and  on  the  death  of 
his  father  in  1850  the  manage 
ment  of  the  family  estate  fell 
upon  him.  He  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  1858,  and  prac 
tised  in  Winchester,  Tenn. 
When  Tennessee  seceded  in 
1861,  he  joined  the  Confeder 
ate  army  as  captain  in  the  17th  Tennessee  regi 
ment,  and  reached  the  rank  of  colonel.  He  re 
ceived  a  wound  while  leading  a  charge  at  Murf  rees- 
boro  which  rendered  necessary  the  amputation  of 
his  foot.  After  his  return  to  the  field  he  served  as 
judge  advocate  on  the  staff  of  General  Forrest. 
He  was  married  in  1863  to  Novella,  daughter  of 
Maj.  John  R.  Davis.  He  resumed  his  legal  prac 
tice  in  1865  ;  was  elected  chancellor  for  the  4th 
chancery  division  of  Tennessee  in  1870.  and  was 
governor  of  Tennessee,  1879-81.  After  1881  he 
practised  law  in  Nashville.  He  was  a  delegate 
to  the  Democratic  state  convention  in  1882, 
and  in  1887  was  a  candidate  for  the  U.S.  senate 
before  the  Democratic  caucus  and  after  68  ballots 
William  B.  Bates  was  nominated  and  elected. 
He  was  a  presidential  elector  for  the  state  at 
large  011  the  Cleveland  ticket  in  1888.  He  died 
in  Nashville,  Tenn..  Nov.  4,  1891. 

MARKS,  William,  senator,  was  born  in  Ches 
ter  county,  Pa.,  Oct.  13,  1778.  At  an  early  age 
he  removed  to  Beaver,  Pa.,  with  his  parents,  who 
were  among  the  pioneer  settlers  of  that  place. 
He  learned  the  tanner's  trade  ;  was  a  Democratic 
representative  in  the  state  legislature.  1810-19  ; 
and  a  state  senator.  1820-25,  and  president 
of  that  body,  1821-25.  He  resigned  in  1825  to 
take  his  seat  in  the  U.S.  senate,  to  which  he  had 
been  elected  by  the  Democratic  legislature,  and 
he  was  re-elected  in  1831,  serving  1825-37.  He 
was  chairman  of  the  committee  on  enrolled  bills. 
He  died  in  Beaver,  Pa.,  April  10,  1858. 

MARKS,  William  Dennis,  engineer,  was  born 
in  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  Feb.  26,  1X49:  son  of  Dennis 
and  Amira  (Bacon)  Marks.  He  attended  Wash 
ington  university,  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  and  General 
Russell's  school  at  New  Haven,  Conn.,  and  was 
graduated  from  Yale  university,  Ph.B.,  1870, 
C.E.,  1871.  He  was  Whitney  professor  of  dynam. 
ical  engineering,  University  of  Pennsylvania, 
1877-87,  president  and  engineer  of  the  Edison 
Electric  Light  company  of  Philadelphia,  1887-96, 
and  was  made  president  of  the  General  Electric 


Automobile  company  of  Philadelphia  in  1898.  He 
was  elected  a  member  of  the  American  Philosoph 
ical  society  in  1877  :  an  honorary  life  member 
of  the  Franklin  Institute  in  18X5  and  a  member 
of  the  American  Institute  of  Electrical  Engineers 
in  1886.  He  was  married  in  1874  to  Jeannette 
Holmes  Col  well,  who  died  in  1894.  He  is  (lie 
author  of  The  Relative  Proportions  of  the  Xteain, 
Engine  (1XX4)  and  Refitted  X'ytst  rains  Media nics 
(1886). 

MARLOWE,    Julia.      See   Taber,    Julia   Mar 
lowe. 

MARMADUKE,  John  Sappington,  governor 
of  Missouri,  was  born  near  Arrow  Rock,  Mo., 
March  14.  1833  ;  son  of  Meredith  Miles  Manna- 
duke  (q.v.).  He  was  a  student  at  Yale  college 
1850-52,  at  Harvard,  1852-53,  and  was  graduated 
at  the  U.  S.  Military 
academy  July  1.  1X57. 
He  was  brevetted  2d 
lieutenant,  7th  in 
fantry,  Aug.  1,  1857, 
and  was  attached  to 
the  Utah  expedition, 
1858-60.  He  was 
stationed  at  Fort 
Webster,  New  Mex 
ico,  1860-61.  and  re 
signed  from  the 
U.  S.  army,  April  17, 
1861.  He  raised  a 
company  of  state 
guards  in  Missouri 
and  was  elected  col 
onel  of  a  regiment  which  he  commanded 
at  Booneville,  June  17,  1861.  Disapproving  the 
military  plans  of  Governor  Jackson,  his  uncle, 
he  resigned  his  commission  and  offered  his 
services  to  President  Davis.  He  was  commis 
sioned  1st  lieutenant  and  assigned  to  Gen.  \V.  J. 
Hardee's  staff,  serving  in  southeastern  Arkansas. 
He  was  promoted  lieutenant-colonel,  and  later 
in  1861,  colonel  of  the  3d  Confederate  infantry 
in  Hindman's  brigade.  ITardee's  corps.  Army  of 
Mississippi.  He  commanded  his  regiment  at 
Sliiloh,  where  lie  was  wounded,  and  he  was  pro 
moted  brigadier-general  for  gallantry  in  that 
battle.  He  was  transferred  to  the  Trans-Missis 
sippi  department  in  August,  1X62,  and  com 
manded  the  fourth  cavalry  division  in  General 
Hindman's  army  in  northwestern  Arkansas  and 
Missouri.  He  was  in  Missouri  in  1X63,  assisted 
General  Carter  and  his  command  in  their  escape 
near  Girardeau  ;  and  in  the  attack  on  Helena, 
July  4,  1863.  he  commanded  his  cavalry  division 
in  Holmes's  army,  and  opposed  Gen.  Frederick 
Steele's  advance  on  Little  Rock,  Aug.  1-Sept.  14, 
1863,  where  he  was  in  Price's  corps,  E.  Kirby 
Smith's  army,  .and  covered  the  retreat  of  Price's. 


[360] 


M ARM A DUKE 


MARK 


army.  He  captured  the  camp  and  stores  of  the 
Federal  arm}-  at  Pine  Bluff,  Arkansas  river,  and 
succeeded  in  delaying  General  Steele  by  frequent 
attacks,  so  that  Banks  and  Steele  couid  not  join 
forces,  and  this  delay  resulted  in  the  defeat  of 
Steele's  army  at  Jenkins's  Ferry,  April  30,  1864. 
He  was  promoted  major-general  for  his  services 
at  Jenkins's  Ferry,  and  on  Oct.  25, 1864,  was  taken 
prisoner  at  Mine  Creek. Linn  county,  Kan.,  during 
Price's  raid  in  Missouri.  He  was  confined  at 
Fort  Warren  until  August,  1865,  and  on  being  re 
leased  went  to  Europe.  He  returned  to  Missouri 
in  May,  1866  ;  engaged  in  the  commission  busi 
ness  in  Jefferson  City,  1866-69  ;  in  the  life  insur 
ance  business,  1869-71,  and  then  in  journalism  as 
part  owner  of  the  Journal  of  Commerce.  He 
established  the  Evening  Journal  in  St.  Louis, 
and  also  conducted  the  Illustrated  Journal  of 
Agriculture  until  June,  1873,  when  he  became 
secretary  of  the  state  board  of  agriculture.  He 
was  railroad  commissioner  for  Missouri,  1875-80  ; 
an  unsuccessful  candidate  for  governor  in  1880 
and  was  governor  of  Missouri,  1885-87.  He  died 
in  Jelferson  City,  Mo.,  Dec.  28,  1887. 

MARMADUKE,  Meredith  Miles,  governor  of 
Missouri,  was  born  in  Westmoreland  county,  Va. , 
Aug.  28,  1791.  He  served  in  the  war  of  1812  as 
colonel  of  a  regiment  ;  was  appointed  U.  S.  mar 
shal  for  the  eastern  district  of  Virginia  in  1815, 
and  was  clerk  of  the  circuit  court.  In  1824  he 
settled  at  Franklin,  Mo.,  where  he  engaged  in  the 
Santa  Fe  trade.  He  removed  to  Arrow  Rock  in 
1830  and  became  a  farmer.  He  originated  the 
state  fair  and  served  as  president  of  the  first  ever 
held  in  the  state.  He  was  county  surveyor  and 
county  judge  for  several  years.  He  was  elected 
lieutenant-governor  of  Missouri  on  the  Dem 
ocratic  ticket  with  Thomas  Reynolds  as  governor 
in  1840.  and  when  Governor  Reynolds  died,  Feb. 
9,  1844,  he  succeeded  to  his  office  and  served  until 
John  C.  Edwards  was  elected  governor.  He  was 
a  member  of  the  Missouri  constitutional  conven 
tion  in  1847,  and  was  a  Union  man  during  the 
civil  war,  although  his  son  joined  the  Confederate 
army.  He  died  near  Arrow  Rock,  Saline  county, 
Mo.,  March  26,  1864. 

MARQUAND,  Allan,  educator,  was  born  in 
New  York  city,  Dec.  10,  1853  ;  son  of  Henry 
Gurdon  and  Elizabeth  Love  (Allen)  Marquand  ; 
grandson  of  Isaac  Marquand,  and  a  descendant  of 
Henry  Marquand.  He  was  graduated  from  the 
College  of  New  Jersey  in  1874,  was  tutor  in  the 
College  of  New  Jersey,  1776-77,  studied  in  the 
University  of  Berlin,  1877-78,  was  a  fellow  of 
Johns  Hopkins  university,  1878-81,  and  received 
the  degree  of  Ph.D.  on  examination  from  that 
institution  in  1880.  He  was  a  tutor  at  the  Col 
lege  of  New  Jersey,  1881-82  ;  lecturer  on  the  his 
tory  of  art,  1882-83  ;  professor  of  archaeology  and 


the  history  of  art  from  1883,  and  after  1890  was 
also  director  of  the  Museum  of  Historic  Art.  He 
was  married,  June  18,  1896,  to  Eleanor,  daughter 
of  Richard  James  Cross  of  New  York.  He 
received  the  degree  of  L.H.D.  from  Hobart  in 
1888.  He  was  an  associate  editor  of  the  Amer 
ican  Journal  of  Arcliceology  from  1885  and  its 
business  manager,  1893-96  ;  edited  Vol.  HI.  of 
The  Iconographic  Encyclopaedia  of  the  Arts  and 
Sciences  (1887);  joint-author  of  A  History  of 
Sculpture  (1896),  and  contributed  articles  on 
archaeology  and  logic  to  journals  and  periodicals. 

MARQUAND,  Henry  Gurdon,  banker,  was 
born  in  New  York  city,  April  11,  1819  ;  son  of 
Isaac  and  a  descendant  of  Henry  Marquand.  He 
was  educated  in  Pittsfield,  Mass.,  and  entered  the 
employ  of  his  brother  Frederick,  as  manager  of 
his  real-estate  interests.  He  engaged  in  the 
banking  business,  1859-69,  and  was  a  director 
and  president  of  the  Iron  Mountain  railroad.  He 
took  an  active  interest  in  the  architecture  of 
buildings  in  the  city  of  New  York,  tried  to 
influence  builders  to  adopt  a  simpler  and  more 
substantial  style,  and  became  the  first  honorary 
member  of  the  American  Institute  of  Architects. 
He  presented  to  the  College  of  New  Jersey  a 
chapel,  and  with  Robert  Bonner,  a  gymnasium, 
and  with  his  brother  Frederick  he  added  a  pavil 
ion  to  Bellevue  hospital.  He  owned  one  of  the 
largest  collections  of  paintings  in  New  York 
city  and  made  frequent  loans  to  the  Metropolitan 
Museum  of  Art,  of  which  he  was  treasurer,  1882- 
89,  and  in  1889  was  elected  its  president.  His 
gifts  to  this  institution  include  a  collection  of 
bronzes  dating  from  three  or  four  centuries 
before  the  Christian  era  to  the  time  of  Caracalla  ; 
the  collection  of  glass  made  by  M.  Charoct ;  the 
reproduction  of  ivory  carvings  exhibiting  the 
mediaeval  continuance  of  the  art ;  the  collection 
of  Renaissance  iron  work,  the  Delia  Robbia  altar- 
piece,  the  metallic  reproductions  of  gold  and 
silver  objects  in  the  imperial  Russian  museums  ; 
the  sculptural  casts,  the  valuable  collections  of 
paintings  by  old  masters,  and  a  portrait  by 
Rembrandt,  which  last  he  purchased  from  the 
Marquis  of  Landsdowne  for  $25,000.  He  was 
•married  to  Elizabeth  Love  Allen  of  Pittsfield, 
Mass.  He  died  in  New  York  city,  Feb.  25,  1902. 

MARR,  Frances  Harrison,  poet,  was  born  in 
Warrenton,  Va.,  July  2,  1835  ;  daughter  of  John 
and  Catherine  Inman  (Horner)  Marr.  She  was 
a  sister  of  Capt.  John  Quincy  Marr  (q.v.)  and  re 
ceived  an  excellent  education.  When  the  calam 
ity  of  the  civil  war  swept  away  her  fortune  she 
taught  in  families,  writing  occasionally,  and  be 
coming  well  known  as  a  poet.  Her  published 
writings  include:  Heart  Life  in  Songs  (1874); 
Virginia  and  Other  Poems  (1881);  Songs  of  Faith 
(1888),  and  many  contributions  to  magazines. 


[361] 


MARK 


MARSH 


MARR,  Jane  Barron  Hope,  author,  was  born 
in  Hampton,  Va.,  May  26,  1859;  daughter  of 
James  Barron  and  Annie  Beverly  (Whiting) 
Hope  :  granddaughter  of  Wilton  and  Jane  (Bar 
ron)  Hope  and  of  Kennon  .and  Anne  (Wythe) 
Whiting,  and  a  descendant  of  James  Whitinge, 
who  came  to  Virginia  in  the  George  in  1607. 
Kennon  Whiting  was  the  grandson  of  Col.  Thomas 
Whiting,  president  of  the  Virginia  naval  board, 
who  held  George  Washington  in  his  arms  at  the 
child's  baptism.  Jane  Barron  Hope  was  educated 
at  home  and  by  private  tutors,  and  at  the  Leache- 
Wood  seminary,  Norfolk,  Va.,  and  became  well 
known  as  a  writer  of  short  stories.  She  was 
married  at  Norfolk,  Va.,  April  13,  1887,  to 
Robert  Atiielstan  Marr,  Jr.  (q.v. ).  She  became  a 
member  of  the  Pennsylvania  Historical  society 
in  1882.  Her  published  works  include  :  The  Res 
cue,  a  Story  of  Colonial  Virginia  (1883)  ;  Stories 
and  Papers  (1884);  A  Wreath  of  Virginia  Bay 
Leaves  (poems  of  her  father  selected  and  edited, 
189."j);  and  numerous  short  stories,  sketches  of 
her  father's  life  and  work,  sketches  of  travel,  and 
other  contributions  to  periodicals. 

MARR,  John  Quincy,  soldier,  was  born  at 
Warrenton,  Fauquier  county,  Va.,in  1825  ;  son  of 
John  and  Catherine  Inman  (Horner)  Marr.  He 
was  graduated  with  distinction  from  the  Virginia 
Military  institute,  Lexington,  Va.,  in  1846,  and 
remained  there  for  a  time  as  assistant  professor. 
He  was  mayor  of  Warrenton,  chief  justice  of 
Fauquier  county  and  a  member  of  the  Virginia 
secession  convention  of  1861.  He  had  been  ap 
pointed  lieutenant-colonel  by  Governor  Letcher, 
but  was  acting  as  captain  of  the  "  Warrenton 
Rifles  "  when  lie  met  the  enemy  at  Fairfax  Court 
House,  and  fell,  "  the  first  blood  of  the  war, "'as 
is  set  forth  by  the  monument  erected  to  him  at 
Warrenton,  Va.  He  died  June  1,  1861. 

MARR,  Robert  Athelstan,  Jr.,  educator,  was 
born  at  Nashville,  Tenn.,  Sept.  29,  1856;  son  of 
William  Jackson  and  Jane  (Nelson)  Marr,  and 
grandson  of  John  and  Catherine  Inman  (Horner) 
Marr.  His  ancestry  on  the  Marr  side  was  French, 
the  original  name  being  de  la  Mar  ;  and  on  the 
maternal  side  was  Scotcli  and  English.  He  was 
graduated  from  the  Virginia  Military  institute 
in  1877  ;  entered  the  U.S.  coast  and  geodetic  sur 
vey  in  1878  ;  engaged  in  triangulation  in  Ten 
nessee,  1878-79,  and  in  main  triangulation  in 
California  and  Nevada,  1878-81,  and  in  1881 
visited  the  Siberian  coast,  the  Aleutian  Isles  and 
the  Arctic  region  for  magnetic  and  pendulum 
observations.  In  1882-85  he  was  again  in  Califor 
nia  engaged  in  triangulation  and  magnetic  ob 
servations,  and  in  1885  engaged  in  geographical 
positions  and  magnetics  in  South  Alaska.  He 
was  engaged  in  triangulation  on  the  eastern 
shore  of  Virginia  and  in  Massachusetts,  1887  ;  in 


telegraphic  longitude  in  Oregon,  Washington, 
Montana,  Idaho  and  California,  1888-89  ;  in  the 
gulf  of  Mexico  triangulation,  1889  ;  and  in  lati 
tude,  telegraphic  longitude  and  magnetics  in 
Nevada,  Utah  and  the  Dakotahs  and  Minnesota, 
1890.  In  the  fall  of  1890  he  accepted  the  chair 
of  engineering  at  the  Virginia  Military  institute. 
Lexington.  Va.  He  was  married,  April  13,  1887, 
to  Jane  Barron,  eldest  daughter  of  James  Barron 
and  Annie  (Whiting)  Hope. 

MARSH,  Benjamin  Franklin,  representative, 
was  born  in  Wythe  township,  Hancock  county, 
111.,  in  1839.  He  prepared  for  college  in  private 
schools,  was  a  student  at  Jubilee  college,  111., 
1854-58  ;  studied  law  with  his  brother  Judge 
J.  W.  Marsh  of  Warsaw,  111.,  1858-60.  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1860.  In  1861  lie  raised 
a  company  of  cavalry  for  service  in  the  civil 
war,  but  it  was  not  accepted  at  once  and  he 
enlisted  as  a  private  in  the  10th  Illinois  volun 
teers.  In  July,  1861,  the  cavalry  company  was 
accepted,  and  he  was  commissioned  its  captain 
and  assigned  to  the  2d  Illinois  cavalry.  He 
served  1861-65,  rising  to  the  rank  of  colonel.  He 
practised  law  in  Warsaw,  1866-77  ;  in  1869  he  was 
a  Republican  candidate  for  delegate  to  the  state 
constitutional  convention  ;  was  a  representative 
in  the  45th,  46th  and  47th  congresses,  1877-83  ; 
was  defeated  for  the  48th  congress,  and  after 
the  expiration  of  his  term  engaged  in  farming 
and  stock-raising.  He  was  railroad  and  ware 
house  commissioner  by  appointment  of  Governor 
Oglesby,  1889-93  ;  was  a  delegate  to  the  Republi 
can  national  convention  in  1888;  and  was  a 
representative  in  the  53d,  54th,  55th,  56th,  57th 
congresses,  1893-1903.  He  was  chairman  of  the 
committee  on  militia  in  the  54th,  55th,  56th  and 
57th  congresses. 

MARSH,  Charles,  representative,  was  born  in 
Lebanon,  Conn.,  July  10,  1765  ;  son  of  Lieut.  -Gov. 
Joseph  and  Dorothy  (Mason)  Marsh.  He  removed 
to  Vermont,  then  known  as  the  New  Hampshire 
Grants,  with  his  parents  in  1774,  and  was  grad 
uated  from  Dartmouth  college  in  1786.  He 
studied  law  in  Litchfield,  Conn.,  under  Tapping 
Reeve,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1788.  He 
practised  successfully  in  Woodstock,  Vt. ;  was 
U.S.  district-attorney  for  Vermont,  1797-1801  ; 
a  Federalist  representative  in  the  14th  congress, 
1815-17,  and  while  in  Washington  was  one  of  the 
founders  of  the  American  Colonization  society. 
He  was  one  of  the  founders  and  for  many  years 
president  of  the  Vermont  Bible  society  and 
vice-president  of  the  American  Bible  society  and 
of  the  American  Educational  society.  He  was 
a  trustee  of  Dartmouth  college,  1809-49,  and 
received  the  degree  LL.D.  from  there  in  1828. 
He  was  also  president  of  the  trustees  of  Kimball 
Union  academv.  He  was  married  in  1789  to 


[362] 


MARSH 


MARSH 


^fancy,  daughter  of  John  and  Lydia  (Buell)  Col 
lins.  She  died  June  18,  1793,  and  he  was  married 
secondly,  June  3,  1798,  to  Susan  (Perkins)  Arnold, 
daughter  of  Dr.  Elisha  and  Sarah  (Douglas) 
Perkins  of  Plainfield,  Conn.,  and  the  widow  of 
Josias  Lyndon  Arnold  of  Vermont.  He  died  at 
Woodstock,  Vt..  Jan.  11.  1849. 

MARSH,  Charles  Dwight,  biologist,  was  born 
in  Hadley,  Mass.,  Dec.  20.  1855  ;  son  of  J.  Dwight 
and  Sarah  L.  (Ingram)  Marsh  and  grandson  of 
Jonathan  and  Harriet  (Warner)  Marsh.  His  first 
ancestor  in  America,  John  Marsh,  immigrated  to 
Hartford,  Conn.,  in  1636,  and  removed  to  Hadley, 
Mass. .in  1660.  Charles  prepared  for  college  in 
Hopkins  academy.  Hadley,  and  was  graduated 
from  Amherst,  A.B.,  1877,  A.M.,  1880.  He  taught 
in  high  schools  and  academies  in  Massachusetts, 
1877-83  :  was  professor  of  chemistry  and  biology 
in  Ripon  college,  W is.,  1883-89,  was  made  pro 
fessor  of  biology  in  1889,  and  became  dean  of  the 
faculty  in  1900.  He  was  a  member  of  the  county 
board,  1896-98  ;  and  secretary  of  the  board' of 
commissioners  of  the  geological  and  natural  his 
tory  survey  of  Wisconsin  in  1897.  He  was  elected 
a  fellow  of  the  American  Association  for  the 
Advancement  of  Science  in  1893,  and  president 
of  the  Wisconsin  Academy  of  Sciences,  Letters 
and  Arts  in  1897.  He  was  married,  Dec.  27,  1883, 
to  Florence  Lee,  daughter  of  Charles  and  Emily 
B.  (Johnson)  Wilder.  He  is  the  author  of  :  papers 
on  fresh-water  capepoda,  and  numerous  other 
biological  essays. 

MARSH,  George  Perkins,  diplomatist,  was 
born  in  Woodstock,  Vt.,  March  15,  1801  ;  son  of 
Cliarles(q.v.)  and  Susan  (Perkins)  Arnold  Marsh. 
He  was  graduated  from  Dartmouth  in  1820, 
studied  law  in  the  office  of  his  father  at  Wood 
stock,  Vt. .  and  settled 
in  practice  there  in 
1825.  He  was  a  Whig 
representative  in  the 
state  legislature,  and 
a  member  of  the 
supreme  council  of 
Vermont  in  1835.  He 
was  a  Whig  repre 
sentative  in  the  28th, 
29th  and  30th  con 
gresses,  1843-49,  and 
was  re-elected  to  the 
31st  congress,  but 
did  not  take  his  seat, 
resigning  in  1849, 
on  being  appointed 

by  President  Taylor  U.S.  minister  to  Turkey, 
where  he  served,  1849-53.  He  was  charged 
with  a  special  mission  to  Greece  in  1852.  In 
1857  he  made  a  report  to  the  state  legislature  on 
the  artificial  propagation  of  fish  ;  was  railroad 


commissioner  for  Vermont,  1857-59,  and  was 
appointed  U.S.  minister  to  Italy  by  President 
Lincoln  in  1861,  and  served  until  1882.  Plis  term 
of  service  as  a  diplomat  is  said  to  have  exceeded 
that  of  any  other  U.S.  minister.  He  acquired  a 
knowledge  of  the  Scandinavian  languages,  and 
became  the  owner  of  a  fine  collection  of  Scandi 
navian  literature.  He  delivered  a  course  of  lec 
tures  on  the  English  language  at  Columbia 
college,  1858-59,  and  one  on  the  grammatical 
history  of  English  literature  before  the  Lowell 
Institute,  Boston,  Mass.,  1859-60.  He  received 
the  degree  LL.D.  from  Harvard  and  Delaware 
colleges  in  1859,  and  from  Dartmouth  college  in 
1860.  He  was  married,  April  10,  1828,  to  Harriet, 
daughter  of  Ozias  Buell  of  Burlington,  Vt.;  and 
secondly  in  1839  to  Caroline,  daughter  of  Ben 
jamin  Crane  of  Berkley,  Mass.,  and  sister  of  the 
Rev.  Silas  Axtell  Crane  (q.v.).  He  was  a  mem 
ber  or  fellow  of  Royal  Scientific  societies.  He 
contributed  to  reviews  and  periodicals  ;  edited  an 
American  edition  of  Hensleigh  Wedgwood's 
"  Dictionary  of  English  Etymology  "  with  addi 
tions  (1862);  translated  from  the  grammar  of 
Rask  "  A  Compendious  Grammar  of  the  Old 
Northern  or  Icelandic  Language  "(1838),  and  is  the 
author  of  :  The  Camel,  his  Organization,  Habits 
and  Uses,  Considered  with  Reference  to  Jiis  Intro 
duction  into  the  United  Slates  (1836)  ;  Lectures  on 
the  English  Language  (1861)  ;  Origin  and  History 
of  the  English  Language  (1862),  and  Man  and 
Nature  (1864),  translated  into  Italian  (1870)  and 
almost  wholly  rewritten  and  published  under 
the  title  The  Earth  as  Modified  by  Human 
Action  (1874).  See  "  Life  and  Letters  of  George 
Perkins  Marsh  "by  his  widow  (1888).  He  died 
in  Vallombrosa.  Italy,  July  23,  1882, 

MARSH,  James,  educator,  was  born  in  Hart 
ford.  Vt.,  July  19,  1794  ;  son  of  Daniel  and  Marion 
(Harper)  Marsh  :  grandson  of  Lieut. -Gov.  Joseph 
and  Dorothy  (Mason)  Marsh,  and  of  Col.  James 
Harper  of  East  Windsor,  Conn.,  and  a  descendant 
of  John  Marsh  (born  1618)  who  came  to  Massa 
chusetts  from  England  in  1635,  settled  at  New- 
town,  removed  to  Hartford,  Conn.,  in  1636,  where 
in  1640  lie  married  Anne,  daughter  of  Governor 
John  Webster,  and  in  1660  became  one  of  the 
first  settlers  of  Hadley,  Mass.  James  was  brought 
up  on  his  father's  farm,  prepared  for  college,  and 
was  graduated  valedictorian  at  Dartmouth  in 
1817.  He  was  a  student  at  Andover  Theological 
seminary,  1817-18.  a  tutor  at  Dartmouth  college, 
1818-20  ;  and  was  graduated  at  Andover  in  1822. 
He  lost  his  health  by  over  study,  and  in  1S24 
went  to  Hampden-Sidney  college,  Va.,  where  he 
edited  the  college  magazine  and  was  professor  of 
languages  and  Biblical  literature,  1824-26.  He 
was  ordained  to  the  Congregational  ministry  at 
Hanover,  Mass.,  Oct.  12,  1824.  He  was  president 


[303] 


MARSH 


of  the  University  of  Vermont,  1826-33  ;  and  pro 
fessor  of  moral  and  intellectual  philosophy,  1833- 
42.  He  received  the  degree  of  D.D.  from  Colum 
bia  in  1830  and  from  Amherst  in  1833.  He  was 
married,  Oct.  14,  1824,  to  Lucia,  daughter  of  John 
Wheelock.  She  died  Aug.  18, 
182-8,  and  he  was  married  sec 
ondly,  Jan.  1.  1835,  to  Laura, 
sister  of  his  deceasedwife.  He 
contributed  a  series  of  papers 
on  "  Popular  Education  "  to 
the  Vermont  Chronicle  under 
the  pen  name  "  Philopolis  " 
(18291)  ;  translated  from  the  German  Herder's 
"Spirit  of  Hebrew  Poetry"  (1833);  and  is  the 
author  of  Preliminary  Essay  to  Coleridge's  "  Aids 
to  Reflection  "  (1829),  Selections  from  the' Old  Eng 
lish  Writers  on  Practical  Theology  (1830).  Joseph 
Torrey,  University  of  Vermont,  published  "  Me 
moir  and  Remains  of  Rev.  Dr.  Marsh  "  (1843). 
He  died  in  Colchester,  Vt.,  July  3,  1842. 

MARSH,  John,  temperance  advocate,  was 
born  in  Wethersfield,  Conn.,  April  2,  1788  ;  son 
of  the  Rev.  John  and  Anne  (Grant)  Marsh  ;  grand 
son  of  David  and  Mary  (Moody)  Marsh,  and  of 
Col.  Ebenezer  Grant  of  East  Windsor,  Conn.,  and 
a  descendant  of  George  Marsh,  who  came  from 
England  and  settled  in  Hingham,  Mass.,  about 
1635.  He  was  prepared  for  college  under  Dr. 
Azel  Backus  of  Bethlehem,  Conn.  ;  was  graduated 
at  Yale  in  1804  ;  became  a  Congregational  minis 
ter  in  1809,  and  was  pastor  of  the  Congregationa- 
church  in  Haddam.  Conn.,  1818-33.  He  was  a 
founder  and  officer  of  the  county  temperance 
society,  1828-33  ;  secretary  of  the  Connecticut 
Temperance  society,  1829-33  ;  removed  to  Phila 
delphia,  where  he  served  as  agent  of  the  Penn 
sylvania  State  Temperance  society,  1833-65  ;  was 
secretary  of  the  American  Temperance  union  and 
editor  of  its  journal  in  Philadelphia,  1836-37,  and 
in  New  York  city,  1837-65.  Of  one  of  his  best 
known  temperance  lectures  "  Putnam  and  His 
Wolf  "  (1829),  over  150,000  copies  were  sold.  He 
represented  the  American  Temperance  union  at 
the  World's  Temperance  convention  in  London, 
England,  in  1846.  He  became  financial  agent 
and  raised  §10,000  towards  the  erection  of  a  new 
building  for  the  Yale  Theological  seminary  in 
1868.  He  received  the  degree  D.D.  from  Jeffer 
son  college.  Pa.,  in  1852.  He  is  the  author  of  :; 
Epitome  of  Ecclesiastical  History  (1838);  Half- 
Century  Tribute  to  the  Cause  of  Temperance '(1840) ; 
Temperance  Speaker  (1860)  ;  Temperance  Recol 
lections  (1866)  ;  Prayers  from  Plymouth  Pulpit 
(1867).  He  die.l  in  Brooklyn,  N.Y.,  Aug.  4,  1868. 
MARSH,  Joseph,  pioneer,  was  born  in  Leb 
anon,  Conn..  Jan.  12,  1726  ;  son  of  Ensign  Joseph 
and  Mercy  (Bill)  Marsh  ;  grandson  of  Capt.  Joseph 
and  Hannah  Marsh,  and  a  descendant  of  John 


(Newtown,  Mass.,  1635)  and  Anne  (Webster)  Marsh. 
He  was  married,  Jan.  10,  1750,  to  Dorothy,  daugh 
ter  of  Jeremiah  and  Mary  (Clark)  Mason  of  Con 
necticut.     With  his  three  brothers  and  two  cous 
ins  he  located  in  Hartford,  Vt..  1772;  took  up  a 
large  tract  of  laud  south  of  the  White  river  and 
built  a  mansion.      During  the  controversy  over 
the  New  Hampshire  grants  he  took  the  side  of 
New  York.     He  was  appointed  lieutenant-colonel 
of  the  upper  regiment  of  Cumberland  county  by 
New  York  authority  in  August,  1775,  and  colonel 
in   January,    1776.     He  was  a  delegate  from  the 
county  of  Cumberland  in  the  Provincial  congress 
at  New  York  in  May  and  July,  1776  ;  favored  inde 
pendent  state  government ;  was  a  member  of  the 
convention   that    declared   New  Connecticut  an 
independent  state,  changed  its  name  to  Vermont, 
and  pledged  it  to  resist  by  force  of  arms  the  fleets 
and   armies   of   Great    Britain.     He    was   also   a 
member  of  the  convention  that  adopted  an  inde 
pendent  state  constitution,  July  3-4,  1777,  and  in 
that  year  at  the   call   of   General  Schuyler,  he 
with  his  eldest   son  took    part    in  the   battles  of 
Bennington,  Whitehall,  Fort  Edward  and  Sandy 
Hill,  and  the  sum  of  £40  was  offered  for  his  head. 
He  represented  Hartford  in  the  first  general  as 
sembly  under  the  independent  state  constitution 
in    1778,   and   again    in  1781    and    1782.     He   was 
lieutenant-governor    of    Vermont,    1778-79,    and 
1787-90.     He  was  chairman  of  the  court  of  con 
fiscation  for  eastern  Vermont  in  1778  ;  chairman 
of  the  committee  of  safety  for  a  section  of  Ver 
mont,  including  also  the  annexed  territory  from 
New  Hampshire,  and  chief  judge  of  the  Windsor 
county  court,  1787-95.   He  was  offered  but  refused 
a  township  for  his  unpaid  services,  and    he  left 
a  perpetual  fund  for  the  support  of  the  church  at 
Hartford.     He  died  at  Hartford,  Vt.,  Feb.  9.  1811. 
MARSH,  Luther  Rawson,  lawyer,  was  born 
at  Pompey,  N.Y..  April  4,  1813;  son  of    Luther 
and  Emma  (Rawson)   Marsh  ;  grandson  of  Capt. 
Elisha  Marsh,  and  of  Dr.  Thomas  Hooker  Raw- 
son,  and  a  descendant  of  John  and  Anne  (Webster) 
Marsh,    and   of  the   Rev.    Grindal   and   Dorothy 
(Chauncey)  Rawson.     He  was  a  student  at  Pom 
pey  academy,    and   at    the    American    Literary, 
Scientific  and  Military  academy  of  Capt.  Alden 
Partridge   at    Middletown,    Conn.,  where  he  was 
graduated  in  1839.     He  worked  in  a  country  store, 
studied  law,  was  admitted  to  the  bar    at  Albany, 
N.Y.,  in  1836,  and  took  a  position  in  the  office  of 
Henry  R.  Storrs  in  New  York  city.     He  returned 
to  Utica  in  1839,  and  practised  in  the  office  of 
Justus  H.  Rathbone   and   Samuel    Lyman    until 
1844.     This  firm  served  as  counsel  for   the  New 
York   &   Lake   Erie   railway   company,  and    Mr. 
Marsh  spent  two  winters  in  personally  examining 
titles  and  trying  contested  cases  for  the  company. 
He   returned   to   New  York   city   in    1844.    and 


[304] 


MARSH 


MARSH 


formed  a  partnership  with  Oscar  W.  Sturtevant, 
Daniel  Webster  at  one  time  being  a  member  of 
the  firm.  He  became  successively  a  law  partner 
of  JohiiT.  Hoffman,  and  William  H.  Leonard  and 
a  member  of  the  firm  of  Marsh,  Coe  &  Wallis.  He 

was  married,  Sept. 
15,  1845,  to  Jane  E., 
daughter  of  Alvan 
Stewart  (q.v.)  of  New 
York.  He  retired 
from  the  practice  of 
la\v  in  1888.  He  was 
appointed  by  the  New 
York  legislature  in 
1882  a  member  of  the 
New  York  park  com 
mission,  and  drew  up 
the  bills  for  "  New 
Parks  for  New  York 
City  "and  "The  In- 
ternational  Reserva- 
tion  at  Niagara 
Falls."  He  was  chairman  of  the  commission  to  lay 
out  the  parks  in  upper  New  York  in  1883,  and 
chairman  of  the  board  to  appraise  their  value  in 
1884.  He  was  also  chairman  of  the  committee  to 
estimate  the  value  of  the  lands  for  the  Interna 
tional  park  a,t  Niagara  Falls  in  1885,  and  pub 
lished  in  conjunction  with  John  Mullaly  "Re 
port  of  the  New  York  Park  Commission  of  1883  " 
(1884).  He  devoted  himself  to  the  investigation 
of  the  claims  of  S\vedenborg  for  fifty  years  and 
of  spiritualists  from  1888,  and  through  the  im 
posture  of  an  alleged  medium,  known  as  Dis  De 
bar,  his  property  was  lost  and  lie  became  mildly 
insane  and  was  sent  to  the  Middletown.  N.Y..  re 
treat.  He  became  a  member  of  the  Union 
League  Club  of  New  York  in  1808,  served  as 
its  vice-president,  and  was  a  stanch  supporter 
of  the  Republican  party  from  its  organiza 
tion.  He  edited  the  Sledgehammer,  a  Whig 
campaign  paper  at  Utica.  N.Y.,  in  1840.  wrote 
leaders  for  the  New  York  Times,  1853-53, 
and  declined  the  editorship  of  the  newspaper  in 
1869.  He  edited  a  volume  of  "Speeches  on 
Slavery,"  by  his  father-in-law  Alvan  Stewart, 
(I860).  He  is  the  author  of  The  Voice  of  the 
Patriarchs  (1889),  which  is  the  first  volume  of 
a  series  entitled  Glimpses  in  the  Upper  Sphere, 
professing  to  be  a  narrative  of  interviews  with 
prominent  characters  of  the  Bible.  This  work 
i.s  illustrated  by  portraits  claimed  to  be  taken  of 
spirit  subjects  by  photography.  In  1893  he  began 
a  series  of  articles  in  the  Conglomerate,  a  weekly 
paper  issued  by  the  inmates  of  the  Middletown 
retreat,  entitled  :  Recollections  of  the  Bar  and 
Sprinkles  of  Biography,  which  were  continued, 
1892-95.  He  is  also  the  author  of  Oration  on 
General  Woodhull  (1848). 


MARSH,   Othniel    Charles,    naturalist,    was 
born   at   Lockport,    N.Y.,    Oct.    29,1831;   son  of 
Caleb  and  Mary  Gaines  (Peabody)  Marsh  ;  grand 
son  of  John  and   Mary    (Brown)    Marsh,    and  a 
descendant  of  John  Marsh  who  came  from  Eng 
land  in  the  Mary  and 
John    in      1633,    and 
settled      in       Salem, 
Mass.,  where  he  mar 
ried  Susanna,  daugh 
ter  of  the  Rev.  Samuel 
Skelton  in  1635.  Oth 
niel     attended     Phil 
lips      Andover     aca 
demy,     1853-56.    was 
graduated     at    Yale, 
A.B.,      186(f,      A.M., 
1864,    and    continued 
his     studies     at     the 
Yale  scientific  school, 
1860-63,     where      he 
made     an   important 

discovery  in  palaeontology,  describing  the 
fosaurus  acadianus,  a  large  reptile  from  the  coal 
formation  of  Nova  Scotia.  He  studied  in  the 
Universities  of  Heidelberg,  Breslau  and  Berlin, 
1862-65,  and  was  the  first  professor  of  palaeon 
tology  at  Yale,  1866-99.  He  devoted  himself  to 
the  special  investigation  of  the  extinct  vertebrate 
animals  of  the  Rocky  Mountain  district,  and 
nearly  every  year  from  1868  organized  and  led 
scientific  expeditions  into  this  region.  He  became 
U.S.  palaeontologist  in  1883,  and  from  that  year 
conducted  these  expeditions  under  the  auspices 
of  the  U.S.  government.  In  these  explorations 
more  than  1000  new  species  of  vertebrates  were 
discovered,  300  of  which  were  described  by 
Mr.  Marsh  in  the  American  Journal  of  Science. 
Between  1890-99  he  devoted  himself  to  the  geol 
ogy  of  the  region  between  the  Appalachian 
mountain  system  and  the  Atlantic  ocean.  In 
1875  he  discovered  and  exposed  the  frauds  prac 
tised  by  government  agents  on  the  Indians  and 
his  action  resulted  in  the  resignation  of  the 
secretary  of  the  interior.  Among  the  extinct 
vertebrates  discovered  by  him  are  the  odon- 
tornithes,  cretaceous  birds  having  teeth;  the 
dinocerata.  six-horned  animals  of  the  eocene 
period,  and  elephantine  in  bulk  ;  the  earliest 
ancestors  of  the  horse,  eohippus.  orohippus  and 
epihippus  ;  the  first  known  American  pterodactyls 
or  flying  lizards  ;  the  brontotheriidav  a  new  family 
of  ungulates  from  the  miocene  period  :  the  first 
mammals  of  the  Jurassic  period  found  in  America, 
together  with  new  families  of  dinosauria  and  some 
enormous  reptiles,  and  a  large  variety  of  American 
monkeys,  bats  and  marsupials.  Probably  his 
most  conspicuous  scientific  achievements  are  his 
tracing  of  the  phylogeny  of  the  horse,  and  his 


[3G5J 


MARSH 


MARSH 


system  of  cephalization.  Professor  Marsh  was 
the  nephew  and  heir  of  George  Peabody  and  he 
was  enabled  to  prosecute  his  scientific  researches 
at  Yale  and  for  the  government  without  an 
appropriation.  It  was  at  his  suggestion  that  Ids 
uncle  founded  thr  Peabody  museum  at  Yale. 
He  was  a  fellow  of  the  Geological  society  of 
London,  foreign  member  from  1898,  and  received 
the  Bigsby  medal  from  there  in  1877  ;  a  fellow  of 
the  Royal  Geographical  society  ;  a  member  of 
the  German  Geological  society,  the  Royal  Irish 
academy,  the  Royal  Bavarian  Academy  of  Science, 
and  the  Royal  academy  of  Denmark  and  Bel 
gium.  He  was  president  of  the  American  Asso 
ciation  for  the  Advancement  of  Science  in  1878, 
of  the  National  Academy  of  Scienc.es.  1883-95. 
and  was  awarded  the  Cuvier  prize  from  the 
French  Royal  Academy  of  Science  in  1897.  He 
received  the  honorary  degrees  Ph.D.  from  the 
University  of  Heidelberg  and  LL.D.  from  Har 
vard  in  1880.  He  was  curator  of  the  geological 
collection,  Museum  of  Natural  History.  Yale, 
18C.7-99,  and  in  1898  presented  to  Yale  his  six 
collections,  the  result  of  thirty  years'  labor,  which 
are  deposited  in  the  Peabody  museum.  At  his 
death,  being  unmarried,  he  gave  his  estate  in 
New  Haven  to  Yale  university  to  be  used  as  a 
botanical  garden.  He  is  the  author  of  a  series 
of  monographs  published  under  the  auspices  of 
the  U.S.  government,  entitled  Odoiitoriiitlies,  <»• 
Birds  with  Teeth  (1880):  Diiioeerata  (1884).  and 
Dinosaurs  of  North  America  (1895).  He  died  in 
New  Haven,  Conn..  March  18.  1899. 

MARSH,  Sidney  Harper,  educator,  was  born 
at  Hampden-Sidney  college,  Ya.,  Aug.  29,  1825  ; 
son  of  the  Rev.  Dr.  James  (q.v.)  and  Lucia 
(NViieelock)  Marsh.  He  acquired  his  preparatory 
e  lucation  in  Burlington.  Yt.,  and  Plattsburgh, 
N.Y..  and  was  graduated  from  the  University  of 
Vermont,  A.B.,  1846,  A.M.,  1849.  He  was  a 
st  intent  at  the  Union  Theological  seminary. 
1851-52.  was  ordained  to  the  Congregational  min- 
Ntry  in  Brooklyn,  N.Y..  May  1. 1853,  and  removed 
in  the  same  year  to  Forest  Grove,  Ore.,  where 
he  >erved  as  president  of  Pacific  university,  1854- 
77.  and  continued  to  teach  there  until  his  death. 
He  was  married.  May  28.  18(iO.  to  Eliza  Haskell 
of  North  Bloomfield,  Ohio.  The  University  of 
Vermont  gave  him  the  degree  of  D.T).  in  18G2. 
He  died  at  Forest;  ({rove,  Ore..  Feb.  2,  1879. 

MARSH,  Sylvester,  engineer,  was  born  in 
Campion,  N.H.,  Sept.  30.  180:5.  He  received 
a  limited  education.  In  1826  he  engaged  in 
the  provision  business  in  Boston  and  soon 
after  removed  his  business  to  Ash  tabula,  Ohio. 
In  1838  he  established  a  provision  business  in 
Chicago,  III.  He  failed  in  the  financial  crisis 
of  1837,  established  a  grain  business  in  Chicago, 
Ind.,  and  invented  the  dried-meal  process  by 


which  he  accumulated  a  considerable  fortune. 
He  resided  in  Littlelield,  N.H.,  1864-79,  and  in 
Concord,  N.H.,  1879-84.  He  invented  an  in 
clined  railway,  which  he  built  to  the  summit 
of  Mount  Washington  in  1868,  completing  it 


MT     WASHIAICTOA!     RAILWAY 

in  July,  1869.  The  operation  of  his  road  was 
considered  impossible  and  he  became  known 
as  "  Crazy  Marsh.''  receiving  but  little  support 
until  the  locomotive  was  actually  running  over 
the  route.  The  road  was  2.81  miles  long  and  the 
ascent  3,625  feet.  The  peculiar  engine,  cog,  rail 
and  brakes  invented  by  Mr.  Marsh  were  subse 
quently  used  at  Mount  Riga,  Switzerland,  and  at 
Mount  Desert.  Maine.  He  died  in  Concord, 
N.H..  Dec.  30,  1884. 

MARSH,  Tamerlane  Pliny,  educator,  was  born 
at  Orland,  Ind..  July  30,  1845  :  son  of  Dr.  Madison 
and  Hannah  Paulina  (Hudson)  Marsh  :  grandson 
of  Hosea  and  Lydia  (Beal)  Marsh  :  great  grand 
son  of  William  and  Rachel  (Coates)  Marsh  and 
a  descendant  of  John  Marsh,  Salem,  1634.  He 
graduated  from  Northeastern  Indiana  institute, 
1861,  and  attended  a  business  college,  Chicago, 
111..  1861-62.  He  was  a  clerk  in  the  U.S.  quarter 
master's  department  in  Missouri,  Washington, 
D.C.,  and  New  York  city.  1862-65.  He  graduated 
from  Wilbraliam  academy.  Mass.,  in  1865,  and 
from  Wesleyan  university.  Conn.,  in  1869,  having 
earned  the  money  to  pay  his  tuition.  In  October, 
1870,  he  entered  the  Rock  River  conference  of 
the  Methodist  Episcopal  church.  ]  le  was  married 
Sept,  6.  1870,  to  Harriet  Maria,  daughter  of  Fales 
Newha.ll  of  East  Saugus,  Mass.  He  was  pastor 
of  the  Dixon  Street  church.  Chicago.  IN70-72  ; 
Oak  Park  and  Clyde  churches.  Austin.  111.,  1872- 
75;  Grant  Place  church,  Chicago,  1875-78  :  St. 
Paul's,  Chicago,  1878-79;  Court  Street  church, 
Rockford.  111..  1879-82;  Wabash  Avenue  church. 
Chicago,  1882-85,  and  Hemenway  church,  Evan- 
ston,  111.,  1885-88.  During  his  pastorates  he  built 
new  churches  at  Austin.  Oak  Park.  Clyde  and 
Evanston,  111.  He  was  inaugurated  president  of 
Mount  Union  college.  Alliance,  Ohio,  Nov.  11, 
1888.  He  was  appointed  to  represent  the  fifth 
general  conference  district  in  the  universitv 


[3(50] 


MARSHALL 


MARSHALL 


senate  in  1*96  and  was  secretary  of  that  body, 
189(5-1900.  He  was  also  vice-president  of  the 
Methodist  College  President  association,  1892-93. 
He  received  the  degrees  D.D.  from  Mount  Union 
college  in  1888,  and  LL.D.  from  Allegheny  col 
lege  in  189:}. 

MARSHALL,  Charles,  educator  and  soldier, 
was  born  in  Warrenton,  Va.,  Oct.  3,  1830  ;  son  of 
Alexander  John  Marshall  and  great  grandson  of 
Thomas  Marshall  ( 1655-1  704) .  He  was  graduated 
from  the  University  of  Virginia  A.B.,  1846,  A.M., 
1849  ;  was  professor  of  mathematics  at  the  Uni 
versity  of  Indiana,  1849-52  ;  studied  law,  and 
began  practice  in  Baltimore,  Md.  He  returned 
to  Virginia  in  1861,  joined  the  Confederate  army, 
1862,  and  served  on  the  personal  staff  of  Gen. 
Robert  E.  Lee  as  assistant  adjutant  and  inspector- 
general  with  the  rank  of  1st  lieutenant.  He  was 
appointed  major  and  aide-de-camp  to  General 
Lee  and  served  with  him  in  the  Army  of  Northern 
Virginia,  1862-65.  lie  attained  the  rank  of  lieu 
tenant-colonel,  and  with  Gen.  Horace  Porter  he 
arranged  the  terms  of  the  surrender  of  the  Con 
federate  army  at  Appomattox.  He  prepared  a 
general  order  containing  General  Lee's  farewell 
address  to  his  army.  He  practised  la\v  in  Balti 
more,  1865-1902.  and  wrote  a  life  of  Gen.  Robert  E. 
Lee.  He  died  in  Baltimore,  Md.,  April  19,  1902. 

MARSHALL,  Charles  Henry,  shipping  mer 
chant,  was  born  at  Easton,  N.Y.,  April  8.  1792; 
son  of  Charles  and  Heph/ebah  (Coffin)  Marshall, 
and  grandson  of  Capt.  Benjamin  Marshall,  and 
of  Capt.  Nathan  Coffin,  both  of  Nantncket,  Mass. 
He  received  a  limited  education,  and  at  the  age 
of  fifteen  joined  the  crew  of  the  whaling  ship 
Lima,  Captain  Swain,  at  Nantucket.  He  made 
several  voyages,  1807-12,  and  meanwhile  studied 
and  taught  in  Northampton,  N.  Y.  He  was 
second  mate  and  mate  on  the  ship  Mary,  bound 
from  New  York  to  Oporto,  1815-16;  entered  the 
Liverpool  trade  as  first  mate  of  the  Albert  Galla- 
tin  in  1816,  and  later  in  1816  commanded  the 
Julius  Cii'stir,  owned  by  Philetus  and  Gabriel 
Haven.  In  1817  lie  took  command  of  the  James 
Cropper,  a  Liverpool  packet  ship,  belonging  to 
the  Black  Ball  Line.  He  was  married  in  1822  to 
Fidelia,  daughter  of  Dr.  Lemuel  Williams  of 
Piermont.  He  commanded  the  Britannia  and 
South  America  of  the  same  line,  and  in  1834  as 
sumed  the  management  of  the  line,  later  becom 
ing  the  principal  proprietor,  and  retained  the 
business  for  thirty  years.  He  built  and  equipped 
several  vessels  ;  carried  the  packet  service  to  its 
highest  point  of  utility,  and  as  sailing  vessels 
gradually  gave  way  to  steamers  he  employed 
his  packet  ships  in  other  lines  of  traffic.  He 
built  and  equipped  the  steamer  United  States, 
on  the  route  between  New  York  and  Southamp 
ton,  but  the  vessel  was  sold  to  the  Prussian  gov- 


[367] 


eminent  for  war  purposes.  He  was  commis 
sioner  of  emigration  at  New  York,  1851-55 ; 
chairman  of  the  executive  committee  of  the 
New  York  Cliamber  of  Commerce  for  several 
years  ;  president  of  the  Marine  society  for  twenty 
years  ;  a  trustee  of  the  Sailor's  Snug  Harbor,  and 
refused  the  presidency  of  the  Chamber  of  Com 
merce,  as  its  acceptance  would  necessitate  his 
retirement  from  the  former  institution.  He  was 
a  member  of  the  board  of  pilot  commissioners  for 
the  port  of  New  York,  1845-65,  and  aided  the 
Seamen's  Fund  and  Retreat,  and  the  Home  for 
Seamen's  Children.  He  was  an  original  member 
of  the  Union  Defence  Committee  organized  April 
20,  1861  ;  a  founder  of  the  Union  League  club, 
and  its  third  president.  He  visited  Europe  in  1865, 
and  died  in  New  York  city  Sept.  23,  1865. 

MARSHALL,  Edward  Chauncey,  author,  was 
born  in  Little  Falls,  N.Y.,  July  8,  1824.  He  was 
a  descendant  of  Edward  Marshall  who  settled 
in  Boston,  Mass.,  in  1634.  He  was  graduated  at 
Geneva  college,  valedictorian,  A. B.,  1843,  A.M., 
1846.  He  was  a  tutor  in  mathematics  there, 
1845-47  ;  tutor  at  the  U.S.  Military  academy, 
West  Point,  1847*-49  ;  the  New  York  Free  acad 
emy,  1849-52,  and  professor  in  the  Episcopal 
High  school,  Alexandria,  Va.,  1852-55.  He  was 
admitted  to  the  diaconate  of  the  P.E.  church  in 
1855  and  to  the  priesthood  in  1856  and  was  deposed 
in  1867.  He  was  an  officer  in  the  U.S.  custom 
house  in  Virginia.  1867-71,  and  in  the  New  York 
custom-house,  1871-75.  He  was  editorially  con 
nected  with  the  New  York  daily  newspapers,  1875- 
85,  and  in  1885  became  a  financial  agent  of  the 
American  Protective  League.  He  invented  the 
rubber  arctic  overshoe  while  at  Geneva  college 
and  subsequently  a  dial  plate  for  registering  fares 
in  street-car  lines.  He  is  the  author  of  :  Book  of 
Oratory  (1852)  ;  History  of  the  U.S.  Naval 
Academy  (1862)  ;  Ancestry  of  General  Grant 
(1869);  Are  West  Point  Graduates  Loyal  (1862). 
He  died  in  New  York  city,  Nov.  5,  1898. 

MARSHALL,  Elisha  Qaylord,  soldier,  was 
born  at  Seneca  Falls,  N.Y.,  Jan.  26,  1829.  He 
was  graduated  at  the  U.S.  Military  academy  in 
1850,  served  on  frontier  duty,  1850-58;  was  pro 
moted  2d  lieutenant  and  assigned  to  the  6th  in 
fantry,  May  15,  1851,  and  served  on  the  Utah 
expedition  and  on  the  march  to  California  in 
1858.  He  was  at  Benicia,  Cal,  1858-59  ;  Fort 
Morgan,  N.M.,  1859-60,  and  on  recruiting  service, 
1860-61.  He  was  a  mustering  and  disbursing 
officer  at  Rochester,  N.Y.,  1861-62  ;  was  promot 
ed  captain,  May  14,  1861,  and  was  transferred  to 
the  volunteer  service  as  colonel  of  the  13th  New 
York  volunteers,  April  20,  1862.  He  served  with 
the  Army  of  the  Potomac  on  the  Peninsula,  April 
to  July,  1862  ;  and  wasbrevetted  major,  June  27, 
1862,  for  Gaines's  Mill.  He  took  part  in  the  battles 


MARSHALL 


MARSHALL 


of  Manassus  and  Antietain,  the  skirmisli  at Shep- 
ardstovvn,  and  the  march  to  Falmouth,  Va. ,  Octo 
ber  to  November,  1862.  He  was  severely  wounded 
at  Fredericksburg,  Dec.  13,  1862  ;  and  for  service  in 
that  battle  was  brevetted  lieutenant-colonel,  Dec. 
13,  1862.  He  was  mustered  out  of  the  volunteer 
service,  May  23,  1863  ;  and  served  as  mustering 
and  disbursing  officer  at  Rochester,  N.Y.,  from 
May,  1863,  to  January,  1864.  He  re-entered  the 
volunteer  service  as  colonel  of  volunteers  and  was 
assigned  to  the  14th  New  York  Heavy  Artillery, 
Jan.  4,  1864,  commanded  the  provisional  brigade 
made  up  of  dismounted  cavalry  and  heavy  artillery 
in  the  4th  division,  9th  corps,  Grant's  army,  in 
the  campaign  against  Richmond,  and  participated 
in  the  battles  of  the  Wilderness,  Spottsylvania, 
Tolopotomy,  and  in  command  of  the  provisional 
brigade  in  the  1st  division,  9th  corps,  at  Cold 
Harbor.  He  commanded  the  2d  brigade  of 
Ledlie's  division  at  the  battle  of  the  Petersburg 
Crater,  June  17-18,  1864,  where  he  greatly  dis 
tinguished  himself  and  was  severely  wounded. 
He  was  present  at  the  siege  of  Petersburg,  July 
8-30,  1864,  led  in  the  main  assault,  July  30,  and 
was  captured  after  holding  the -crater  nearly  all 
day.  He  was  brevetted  colonel,  July  30, 1864,  for 
gallant  and  meritorious  services  at  Petersburg, 
succeeding  the  explosion  of  the  mines  ;  was  a 
prisoner  of  war  from  July,  1864,  to  April,  1865,  and 
commanded  a  brigade  in  the  defence  of  Wash 
ington,  D.C.,  May  to  July,  1865.  He  was  brevet 
ted  brigadier-general  of  volunteers,  and  briga 
dier-general,  U.S.A.  for  gallant  and  meritorious 
services  during  the  war,  March  13.  1865.  He  was 
mustered  out  of  the  volunteer  service  a  second 
time,  Aug.  16,  1865  ;  served  on  recruiting  duty 
from  September,  1865,  to  March,  1866;  was  pro 
moted  major  of  the  5th  infantry,  June  12, 1865,  and 
commanded  Fort  Union,  N.M.,  1866-67.  He  was 
retired  with  the  rank  of  colonel,  Sept.  11,  1867. 
Sje  "  Battle  of  the  Petersburg  Crater "  by  Maj. 
W.  H.  Powell,  U.S.A.,  in  "  Battles  and  Leaders  of 
the  Civil  War,"  Vol.  IV.  pages  545  et  seq.  He  died 
in  Canandaigua,  N.Y.,  Aug.  3,  1883. 

MARSHALL,  Humphrey,  senator,  was  born 
in  Westmoreland  county,  Va.,  in  1756;  son  of 
John  (1732-1805)  and  Jane  (Guesenbury)  Mar 
shall,  and  a  descendant,  through  John  of  the 
Forest  and  Thomas,  of  John  Marshall,  a  captain 
of  English  cavalry  who  settled  in  Jamestown,  Va., 
in  1650.  He  was  sent  to  live  with  his  uncle,  Col. 
Thomas  Marshall,  at  "The  Oaks  "  in  Fauquier 
county,  and  studied  under  Scotch  tutors,  with 
his  cousins.  At  the  outbreak  of  the  Revolution 
he  joined  the  Continental  army  and  was  made 
captain  in  the  Virginia  cavalry  in  1778.  He  re 
moved  to  Kentucky  in  1780,  purchased  4000  acres 
of  land  near  Lexington,  and  visited  "  The  Oaks  " 
in  1784,  where  he  was  married  to  his  cousin  Mary, 


daughter  of  Col.  Thomas  Marshall.  He  returned 
to  Kentucky  and  studied  law.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  Federalist  party,  and  was  opposed  to  General 
Wilkinson's  scheme  to  separate  Kentucky  from 
Virginia.  In  1787  he  was  a  delegate  to  the  Dan 
ville  convention  to  consider  the  question  of  sepa 
ration,  and  was  largely  instrumental  in  defeating 
the  measure  and  in  exposing  the  project  for  an 
alliance  with  Spain  upon  the  establishment  of 
the  independence  of  Kentucky.  He  was  a  dele 
gate  to  the  Virginia  convention  that  ratified  the 
constitution  of  the  United  States,  and  was  a 
representative  in  the  Kentucky  legislature  from 
Wood  ford  county  in  1793,  where  he  opposed  the 
enlistment  of  troops  in  Kentucky  under  Gen. 
George  Rogers  Clark.  He  characterised  the  move 
ment  an  intrigue  by  the  French  minister  Genet, 
to  entrap  Kentucky  into  an  alliance  against  Spain. 
He  was  a  U.S.  senator,  1795-1801,  having  been 
elected  as  successor  to  John  Edwards,  whose 
term  expired,  March  31,  1795,  and  he  voted  for 
the  conditional  ratification  of  the  Jay  treaty 
with  Great  Britain  and  opposed  alliance  with 
any  foreign  power.  He  was  instrumental  in 
the  exposure  and  overthrow  of  the  plot  laid  by 
Burr  and  his  coadjutors  in  1806,  and  also  caused 
the  resignation  of  Judge  Sebastian,  a  paid  pen 
sioner  of  Spain,  from  the  bench  of  the  court  of 
appeals.  He  was  a  representative  in  the  state- 
legislature  from  Franklin  county,  1807-09,  and 
had  a  dispute  with  Henry  Clay  on  the  latter's 
recommendation  that  the  members  of  the  house 
wear  clothes  of  domestic  manufacture.  This 
resulted  in  a  duel  in  which  Mr.  Clay  was  slightly 
wounded.  Mr.  Marshall  again  represented  Frank 
lin  county  in  the  state  legislature.  1823.  He  is 
the  author  of:  History  of  Kentucky  (1812.  rev. 
ed.,  2  vols.,  1824),  the  first  history  of  the  state 
written.  He  died  in  Frankfort,  Ky.,  July  1,  1841. 
MARSHALL,  Humphrey,  soldier,  was  born 
in  Frankfort,  Ky.,  Jan.  13,  1812  ;  sou  of  John  Jay 
and  Anna  Reed  (Birney)  Marshall.  He  was 
graduated  from  the  U.S.  Military  academy  in 
1832,  and  was  promoted  brevet  3d  lieutenant  of 
mounted  rangers,  July  1,  1832,  and  brevet  2d 
lieutenant  of  1st  dragoons,  March  4,  1833.  He 
was  married,  Jan.  23,  1833,  to  Frances  E.,  daugh 
ter  of  Dr.  Charles  McAllister  of  Franklin,  Tenn. 
He  served  on  the  Black  Hawk  expedition  in  1832, 
and  resigned  his  commission,  April  30,  1833.  He 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1833  and  practised  at 
Frankfort,  1833-34,  and  at  Louisville,  1834-46. 
He  was  a  captain  in  the  state  militia,  1836-38, 
major,  1838-41,  and  lieutenant-colonel,  1841-46, 
and  upon  the  outbreak  of  the  war  with  Mexico  he 
raised  the  first  regiment  of  Kentucky  cavalry 
and  was  commissioned  its  colonel,  June  9,  1846, 
and  was  engaged  in  the  battle  of  Buena  Vista,  Feb. 
22-23,  1847.  He  returned  to  Louisville,  removed 

[368] 


MARSHALL 


MARSHALL 


to  Henry  county,  and  engaged  in  farming.  He 
was  a  Whig  representative  in  the  31st  and  32d 
congresses,  1849-53  ;  declined  the  appointment  of 
U.S.  minister  to  Central  America  in  1852  ;  was 
U.S.  minister  plenipotentiary  to  China,  1852-54  ;  a 
representative  in  34th  and  35th  congresses,  1855- 
59,  and  in  1861  brigadier-general  in  the  Confed 
erate  army  and  was  placed  in  command  of  the 
Army  of  Eastern  Kentucky.  He  participated  in 
the  battle  of  Middle  Creek,  Ky.,  Jan.  9, 1862  ;  and 
in  M;iy,  1862,  he  surprised  Gen.  Jacob  D.  Cox  at 
Princeton,  Va.,  which  resulted  in  the  relief  of 
Lynchburg  and  Knoxville.  He  resigned  his 
commission  in  1862  and  was  a  representative  from 
Kentucky  in  the  Confederate  congress,  1863-65, 
and  served  on  the  committee  on  military  affairs. 
After  the  surrender  of  General  Lee  he  removed  to 
New  Orleans,  La.  He  was  pardoned  by  President 
Johnson,  Dec.  18,  1867,  and  returned  to  Louis 
ville  and  resumed  his  law  practice.  He  died  in 
Louisville.  Ky.,  March  28,  1872. 

MARSHALL,  James,  educator,  was  born  in 
Orove,  N.Y.,  Oct.  4,  1834.  His  parents  removed 
to  Nunda,  N.Y.,  in  1835,  and  he  attended  the 
academy  there,  and  in  1851  engaged  in  teaching 
school  in  Ohio.  He  studied  law  in  Akron,  Ohio, 
and  was  graduated  at  Yale  A.B.,  1857,  A.M., 
1860.  He  conducted  a  school  for  girls  at  Syra 
cuse,  N.Y.,  1858-61  ;  studied  at  Princeton  Theo 
logical  seminary,  1861-62  ;  was  ordained  an 
evangelist  by  the  presbytery  of  Onondaga,  July, 
1862,  and  was  chaplain,  U.S.A.,  1862-65,  serving 
in  Chesapeake  general  hospital  at  Fort  Monroe, 
and  organizing  the  National  Cemetery  there, 
where  he  attended  the  burial  of  6000  soldiers. 
He  was  married,  Oct.  3,  1866,  to  Jeannie  M. , 
daughter  of  Robert  McNair  of  Mt.  Morris,  N.Y. 
He  travelled  and  studied  in  German}',  1867-69  ; 
resided  in  Syracuse,  N.Y.,  1869-71  ;  was  pastor 
in  Troy,  N.Y.,  1871-72;  Hoboken,  N.J.,  1872-76  ; 
of  Lebanon  chapel,  New  York  city,  1876-81  ;  and 
Of  DeWitt  Memorial  church,  which  he  founded 
in  New  York  city,  1881-84.  He  declined  the  presi 
dency  of  Ingham  university,  N.Y. ,  1881,  of  the 
Blairstown  academy,  N.J.,  and  of  Berea  college, 
Ky.,  1885.  He  engaged  in  literary  work  at  Nunda, 
N.Y.,  1884-87,  and  was  president  of  Coe  college, 
Cedar  Rapids,  Iowa,  1887-96.  He  received  the 
degree  of  D.D.  from  Lenox  college,  Iowa,  in 
1887.  He  died  in  Cedar  Rapids,  Sept.  11,  1896. 

MARSHALL,  James  William,  cabinet  officer, 
was  born  in  Clarke  comity,  Va.,  Aug.  14,  1822  ; 
son  of  James  Pede  and  Susan  (Orear)  Marshall 
and  grandson  of  Rush  Marshall.  He  attended 
the  schools  of  Clarke  and  Fauquier  counties  until 
1837  when  he  removed  to  Mount  Sterling,  Ky., 
and  engaged  in  business.  He  was  graduated  from 
Dickinson  college,  Carlisle,  Pa.,  in  1818.  He  was 
adjunct  professor  of  ancient  languages  at  Dick 


inson,  1848-50,  and  full  professor,  1850-62.  In 
1850  he  was  married  to  Jane  Stevenson  of  Car 
lisle.  He  was  U.S.  consul  at  Leeds,  England,  by 
appoint 
ment  of 
President 
Lincoln, 
1861-65. 
He  s e  t- 
tled  near 
Bonn  d 
B  r  o  o  k  . 
N.  J.,  in 


POST    OFFICE      DEPARTMENT 


1865,    and 

was  appointed  first  assistant  postmaster-general 
by  President  Grant  in  1869,  and  was  appointed 
postmaster-general  in  1874  on  the  retirement 
of  John  A.  J.  Cresswell,  and  held  the  position 
until  the  appointment  of  Marshall  Jewell  in 
the  same  year,  when  lie  was  re-appointed  first 
assistant  postmaster-general,  serving  until  March 
3,  1877,  after  which  time  he  was  not  in  public 
life. 

MARSHALL,  James  Wilson,  discoverer  of 
gold  in  California,  was  born  in  Hope,  Warren 
county,  N.J.,  in  1812.  His  father  was  a  wagon 
maker  and  he  served  in  apprenticeship  under 
him,  and  engaged  in  the  business.  He  removed 
to  Missouri  in  1833,  and  subsequently  took  up  a 
claim  on  the  Platte  river  near  Fort  Leavenworth. 
He  spent  the  winter  of  1844-45  in  Oregon  and  in 
the  spring  of  1845  reached  California  where  he 
entered  the  employ  of  Gen.  John  A.  Sutter.  He 
later  established  a  stock  farm  on  Butte  Creek, 
served  through  the  Bear  Flag  war,  which  resulted 
in  the  independence  of  California,  March,  1847, 
and  in  May  1847,  he  again  joined  General  Sutter, 
at  Sutters  Fort  (Sacramento)  and  was  employed 
by  him  to  build  a  saw  mill  at  Coloma.  On 
Jan.  24,  1848,  while  inspecting  the  work  done  on 
a  tail  race  used  to  carry  the  water  from  the  mill 
after  passing  the  wheel,  he  noticed  yellow  gold- 
like  particles  mingled  with  the  loose  earth  which 
had  been  washed  by  the  rains.  The  next  day 
he  found  a  nugget  of  considerable  size  of  what 
he  believed  to  be  gold,  and  four  days  later,  having 
tested  the  metal  at  Slitter's  Fort,  all  doubts  were 
removed.  He  engaged  the  mining  near  the  mill, 
as  did  General  Sutter,  and  they  obtained  a  quan 
tity  of  gold.  His  discovery  brought  a  large  num 
ber  of  miners  and  adventurers  to  the  place.  Mar 
shall's  land  was  seized  and  laid  out  in  town  lots 
and  he  was  unsuccessful  in  establishing  his  claims 
to  ownership.  Reduced  to  poverty  he  tramped 
from  one  place  to  another  hoping  to  locate  a  new 
claim.  He  made  repeated  efforts  to  obtain  some 
recognition  from  the  people  of  California  for  his 
discovery  and  did  receive  a  small  pension  for  a 
few  years,  but  his  days  ended  in  extreme  povertv. 
[369] 


MARSHALL 


MARSHALL 


A  bronze  statue  of  Marshall  was  subsequently 
placed  on  the  spot  where  the  discovery  was  made. 
He  tiled  at  Colonia,  Cal.,  Aug.  8,  1885. 

MARSHALL,  John,  statesman,  was  born  in 
Germantown,  Fauquier  county,  Va.,  Sept.  24, 
1755  ;  son  of  Thomas  and  Mary  Isham  (Keith) 
Marshall.  He  received  his  early  instruction  from 
Mr.  James  Thompson,  a  private  tutor,  and 
attended  the  classical 
academy  of  the  Messrs. 
Campbell  in  Westmore 
land  county,  Va.  He 
studied  law.  but  at  the 
outbreak  of  the  Rev 
olutionary  war  he  joined 
a  company  of  volunteers 
'and  took  part  in  the 
faction  at  Great  Bridge. 
'His  company  was  sub 
sequently  reorganized 
and  became  part  of  the 
llth  regiment  of  Vir 
ginia  troops  which  was 
ordered  to  join  Wash 
ington's  army  in  New  Jersey.  He  was  promoted 
captain  of  a  company  in  May,  1777  ;  was  engaged 
in  the  battles  of  Monmouth,  Brandy  wine  and 
Germantown,  and  accompanied  Washington  to 
Valley  Forge,  Doc.  19, 1777.  In  1779  Ife  was  pres 
ent  at  the  capture  of  Stony  Point  by  General 
Anthony  Wayne  and  subsequently  covered  the 
retreat  of  Major  Lee  after  his  attack  on  the 
enemy's  post  at  Paulus's  Hook,  Aug.  19,  1779. 
He  was  ordered  to  return  to  Virginia  to  take 
charge  of  the  militia  which  was  then  being 
raised  by  the  state,  and  he  repaired  to  Williams- 
burg,  Va.  While  waiting  for  the  troops  he 
attended  a  course  of  law  lectures  by  Chancellor 
Wytlie  of  the  College  of  William  and  Mary  and 
in  1780  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  at  Williams- 
burg.  Despairing  of  the  organization  of  state 
militia  he  returned  alone  and  on  foot  to  head 
quarters  and  received  command  of  his  company. 
He  returned  to  Virginia  in  1780  and  joined  the 
small  force  under  Baron  Steuben  for  the  defence 
of  the  state.  In  1871  he  resigned  his  commission 
and  entered  upon  the  practice  of  law  in  Fauquier 
county.  He  early  attained  prominence  at  the 
bar  :  was  a  delegate  to  the  Virginia  house  of 
burgesses  in  1780  ;  removed  his  law  office  to 
Richmond,  Va.  ;  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
state  executive  council  and  was  commissioned  a 
general  in  the  newly  organized  state  militia. 
He  was  engaged  in  the  celebrated  case  of  Ware 
vs.  Hilton  involving  the  British  debt  question, 
tried  in  the  circuit  court  of  the  United  States  at 
Richmond  before  Chief-Justice  John  Jay,  the 
attorneys  for  the  American  debtors  being  Patrick 
Henry.  Alexander  Campbell,  James  Irvine  and 


John  Marshall.  He  was  married.  Jan.  3,  1783,  to 
Mary  Willis,  daughter  of  Jacqueline  and  Rebecca 
L.  (Burwell)  Amber.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the 
Virginia  house  of  burgesses,  1782-88,  and  was  a 
member  of  the  delegation  from  that  body  to  the 
eastern  and  southern  states  to  explain  the 
danger  which  menaced  the  country  through  the 
tardiness  of  the  states  in  meeting  the  requisitions 
of  congress:  "  On  behalf  of  the  army  ;  for  the 
relief  of  public  credit;  and  for  the  payment  of 
the  debts  contracted  in  prosecuting  the  war  for 
independence."  He  became  a  Federalist  and 
soon  after  the  expiration  of  his  service  in  the 
legislature  he  resigned  his  seat  in  the  executive 
council  chamber  and  devoted  himself  to  the  pur 
suit  of  his  profession.  He  was  re-elected  to  the 
house  of  burgesses  in  1784  and  again  in  1787  ;  was 
a  member  of  the  constitutional  convention  of 
Virginia  which  met  at  Richmond,  June  2,  1788, 
where  he  favored  the  adoption  of  the  Federal 
constitution.  He  declined  the  cabinet  position 
of  attorney-general,  and  also  a  foreign  mission 
tendered  him  by  President  Washington  ;  was 
again  a  delegate  to  the  house  of  burgesses,  1788- 
91,  and  practised  law  in  Richmond,  1791-97. 
Upon  the  withdrawal  of  James  Monroe  as  resi 
dent  minister  to  France  and  the  appointment  of 
Charles  C.  Pinckney  as  his  successor,  the  French 
government  became  hostile  to  the  United  States 
and  in  1797  ordered  U.S.  Minister  Pinckney  to 
quit  the  French  territory  and  he  went  to  Am 
sterdam  and  thence  to  New  York.  This  occasioned 
great  indignation  in  the  United  States  ;  and  an 
extra  session  of  congress  was  convened  and  a 
special  mission  to  France  was  instituted  composed 
of  Marshall.  Pinckney  and  Gerry  as  joint  envoys 
with  orders  to  "  demand  redress  and  reparation 
from  France."  They  arrived  in  Paris.  Oct.  4, 
1797,  and  were  treated  with  due  civility.  The 
French  Directory  would  not  acknowledge  the 
commissioners,  but  Talleyrand  suggested  through 
secret  agents  that  an  amicable  settlement  of 
affairs  could  be  made  by  the  modification  of 
President  Adams's  speech  to  congress  in  which 
he  had  denounced  the  French  government,  and 
the  payment  of  the  sum  of  $250,000  by  the  Amer 
ican  government.  To  this  proposition  the  com 
mission  replied  that  no  such  concession  would  be 
made  and  refused  to  have  further  intercourse 
with  the  agents.  The  preparations  for  a  war 
with  France  were  actively  begun  by  the  Adams 
administration  and  Washington  was  made  lieu 
tenant-general  of  the  United  States  forces  then 
being  raised.  Marshall  and  Pinokney  left 
France,  while  Gerry,  who  was  a  Republican  and 
was  supposed  by  the  Directory  to  favor  the  pay 
ment  of  tribute  rather  than  fight,  was  compelled 
to  remain  in  Paris  by  threats  of  an  immediate 
declaration  of  war  if  he  left,  but  when  he  was 
roj 


A    Ll^.*?7 

Or     -r  *  'T    L^S. 

(     Ui\ji>.       r'£        X 

\       * '"  V'^IT~Y 

NIA 


MARSHALL 


MARSHALL 


urged  to  enter  into  negotiations  after  the  with 
drawal  of  his  colleagues  he  refused  to  do  so. 
Marshall  arrived  in  New  York,  June  17,  1798,  and 
was  received  with  great  enthusiasm,  and  a  public 
banquet  was  given  to  him  by  botli  houses  of 


HOA\E    QF   CHIE-F  JU5TCE.   AAARSHALU. 

fnc  H/AOAJ  D  ,     VA  . 

congress.  It  was  at  this  dinner  that  the  famous 
reply  of  Pinckney  to  the  French  Directory  in 
1796 — ';  Millions  for  defence  but  not  a  cent  for 
tribute  " — was  used  as  a  toast.  Marshall  imme 
diately  resumed  his  law  practice  in  Virginia  and 
declined  the  appointment  of  justice  of  the 
supreme  court  of  the  United  States  tendered  him 
by  President  Adams,  Sept.  26,  1798.  He  was  a 
Federal  representative  in  the  6th  congress,  1799- 
1801  ;  and  was  appointed  secretary  of  state  in  the 
reorganized  cabinet  of  President  Adams,  May  1'-?, 
1800.  During  his  administration  of  state  affairs, 
the  treaty  with  France  was  ratified.  While  serv 
ing  as  secretary  of  state  lie  was  appointed  chief 
justice  of  the  United  States  to  succeed  Chief- 
Justice  Ellsworth,  resigned,  and  took  the  oatli  of 
office,  Feb.  4,  1801.  He  presided  throughout  the 
February  term  but  by  special  request  of  the 
President  he  continued  to  act  as  secretary  of 
state  until  the  close  of  Adams's  administration. 
It  was  before  Marshall  as  chief  justice  that  the 
celebrated  trial  of  Aaron  Burr  was  held  and  a 
verdict  of  acquittal  was  rendered.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  Virginia  state  convention  of  1829 
and  spoke  with  great  earnestness  on  the  matter 
of  changing  the  manner  of  appointment  of  the 
judges  and  magistrates  of  the  common  wealth  and 
the  length  of  their  term  of  office.  Although  op 
posed  to  the  general  principles  of  Jackson's  ad 
ministration  he  most  heartily  approved  his  treat 
ment  of  nullification.  He  is  the  author  of  a 
Life  of  Washington  (5  vols..  1804-07)  written  and 
published  at  the  request  of  Washington's  family 
from  records  and  private  papers  which  were 
placed  at  his  disposal.  The  first  volume  was 
afterward  published  separately  under  the  title  of 
A  History  of  tJie  American  Colonies  (1821)  and 
the  entire  work  was  subsequently  revised  and 


condensed  into  two  volumes  in  1832.  The  honor 
ary  degree  of  LL.D.  was  conferred  on  him  by  the 
College  of  New  Jersey  in  1802,  by  Harvard 
in  1808,  and  by  the  University  of  Pennsylvania  in 
181.").  He  was  a  member  of  the  American  Philo 
sophical  society  ;  a  fellow  of  the  American 
Academy  of  Arts  and  Sciences,  and  correspond 
ing  member  of  the  Massachusetts  Historical 
society.  He  received  a  plaje  in  the  Hall  of  Fame 
for  Ureat  Americans.  New  York  university,  at  the 
election  in  October,  1900,  in  Class  J,  Judges  and 
Lawyers,  receiving  91  votes,  the  highest  number 
in  the  class,  and,  except  Washington,  Webster, 
Lincoln,  Franklin,  and  Grant,  the  highest  in  the 
election.  On  Feb.  4,  1901,  the  supreme  court  of 
the  United  States,  with  the  aid  and  support  of  the 
President  and  congress,  celebrated  the  one  hun 
dredth  anniversary  of  the  day  on  which  he  took 
his  seat  for  the  first  time  in  the  supreme  court  of 
the  United  States,  and  by  common  consent  all 
judicial  business  throughout  the  country  ceased. 
and  state,  city  and  county  bar  associations  held 
appropriate  exercises,  as  did  colleges,  law  and 
public  schools.  His  health  began  to  decline  at 
the  opening  of  the  session  of  the  supreme  court 
in  1835.  although  he  presided  throughout  the  ses 
sion,  lie  died  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  July  6,  1835. 
MARSHALL,  Louis,  educator,  was  born  at 
Oak  Hill,  Fauquier  county.  Va.,  Oct.  7,  1773  ;  son 
of  Col.  Thomas  (1730-1802)  and  Mary  Randolph 
(Keith)  Marshall,  grandson  of  Capt.  John  ("of 
the  Forest  '')  and  Elizabeth  (Markham)  Marshall. 
He  removed  with  his  father  to  Lexington,  Ky., 
in  1785  and  received  a  classical  education  at 
home.  He  studied  medicine  and  surgery  at 
Edinburgh  and  Paris  and  resided  in  Paris  during 
the  French  revolution.  He  was  one  of  the  party 
of  students  engaged  in  the  attack  on  the  Bastile, 
was  present  at  the  massacre  of  the  Swiss  guard, 
witnessed  the  murder  of  Prince  de  Lamballe, 
was  arrested  and  imprisoned  for  several  years, 
and  was  at  one  time  condemned  to  death,  but  his 
life  was  saved  by  the  stratagem  of  the  turnkey. 
His  brothers  John  and  James,  then  in  Paris  as 
representatives  from  the  United  States,  procured 
his  release.  He  then  returned  to  America,  and 
was  married  at  Frankfort,  Ky.,  to  Agatha  Smith, 
and  his  father  gave  him  the  estate  •'  Buckpond  ' 
in  Woodford  county,  Ky.,  where  he  began  the 
practice  of  his  profession  in  1800  and  also  estab 
lished  a  private  school,  where  many  of  his 
nephews  were  educated.  He  abandoned  medicine 
shortly  afterward  and  opened  an  academy  at 
Woodford,  Ky.,  which  he  taught  until  1830,  his 
pupils  including  sons  of  the  best  families  of  Ken 
tucky.  He  was  president  of  Washington  college, 
Lexington,  Va.,  1830-34,  and  president  of  Tran 
sylvania  university.  Lexington,  Ky..  1855-66.  He 
died  at  "  Buckpond,"  Ky.,  in  April,  1866. 


[371] 


MARSHALL 


MARSHALL 


MARSHALL,  Nelly  Nichol,  author,  was  born 
in  Louisville,  Ky.,  May  8,  1844  ;  daughter  of 
Gen.  Humphrey  and  Frances  E.  (McAllister) 
Marshall.  She  was  married  in  February,  1871,  to 
John  J.  McAfee  of  Mercer  county,  Ky.,  and  ac 
companied  her  husband  to  Frankfort  where  lie 
was  a  representative  from  Mercer  county,  1871- 
73.  On  one  occasion  she  was  occupying  her  hus 
band's  seat  in  his  absence,  when  a  vote  was  taken. 
She  voted  in  his  place,  and  amidst  general  hilar 
ity,  her  vote  was  recorded.  She  began  writing 
for  the  press  in  1863  and  subsequently  devoted 
herself  to  literary  pursuits.  She  is  the  author  of  : 
A  Bunch  of  Violets;  Leaves  from  the  Book  of  My 
Heart ;  Eleanor  Morton  ;  or,  Life  in  Dixie  (1866) ; 
Fireside  Gleanings  (1866)  ;  Sodom  Apples  (1866)  ; 
Dead  under  the  Roses  (1867)  ;  Wear-ing  the  Cross 
(1868)  ;  As  by  Mre(1869)  ;  Passion ;  or,  Bartered 
and  Sold  (1876)  ;  A  Criminal  through  Love 
(1882),  and  many  magazine  articles.  She  died 
in  Washington,  D.C.,  April  19,  1898. 

MARSHALL,  Orsamus  Holmes,  historian, 
was  born  in  Franklin,  Conn.,  Feb.  1,  1813  ;  son  of 
Dr.  John  Ellis  and  Ruth  (Holmes)  Marshall; 
grandson  of  Thomas  and  Sarah  (Egerton)  Mar 
shall,  of  Norwich,  Conn.,  and  of  Orsamus  and 

Ruth  (Webb)  Holmes, 
and  a  descendant  of 
Edmund  Marshall, 
who  came  from  Eng 
land  to  Massachu 
setts  in  1636  and 
settled  in  New  Lon 
don,  Conn.,  in  1648. 
Dr.  John  E.  Marshall 
was  a  pioneer  settler 
of  Buffalo,  N.Y., 
served  as  surgeon 
during  the  war  of 
1812  and  practised 
medicine  in  Buffalo 
until  his  death  in 
1838.  Orsamus  was 

prepared  for  college  at  the  Polytechnic  school, 
Chittenango,  N.Y.,  and  the  Partridge  Military 
school,  Buffalo,  N.Y.,  and  was  graduated  at 
Union  college  in  1831.  He  studied  law  in 
Buffalo,  attended  a  course  of  law  lectures  at 
Yale  in  1833-34  ;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  at 
Albany,  N.Y.,  in  October,  1834,  and  practised  in 
Buffalo,  1834-67,  when  he  retired.  He  was  mar 
ried,  Feb.  20,  1838,  to  Millicent  Ann,  daughter  of 
Pascal  de  Angelis,  a  pioneer  settler  of  western 
New  York.  He  declined  the  appointments  by 
President  Fillmore  of  commissioner  to  China  and 
assistant  postmaster-general.  He  was  a  founder 
and  president  of  the  Buffalo  Historical  society  in 
1862,  a  member  and  president  of  the  board  of 
trustees  of  the  Grosvenor  library,  of  the  Buffalo 


Female  academy,  and  of  the  University  of 
Buffalo,  and  chancellor  of  the  last,  1882-84.  He 
was  also  a  trustee  of  the  Society  of  Natural 
Sciences  of  Buffalo  ;  president  of  the  Thomas 
Orphan  Asylum  for  Indian  Children,  and  U.S. 
commissioner  for  the  northern  district  of  New 
York,  1868-84.  He  gained  a  wide  reputation  as 
the  historian  of  the  Indians  of  western  New 
York,  receiving  much  of  the  data  for  his  work 
from  Red  Jacket  and  other  Indian  chiefs.  He 
contributed  many  important  papers  to  magazines 
and  to  the  proceedings  of  historical  societies, 
which  were  collected  by  his  son  Charles  D.  Mar 
shall  and  published  as  Historical  Writings  of 
Orsamus  H.  Marshall  (1887).  He  died  in  Buffalo, 
N.Y.,  July  9,  1884. 

MARSHALL,  Samuel  S.,  representative,  was 
born  in  Gallatin  county,  111.,  March  18,  1821  ;  son 
of  Daniel  and  Sophia  (Walker)  Marshall,  natives 
of  Ireland,  who  settled  in  Illinois  early  in  the 
19th  century.  He  attended  Cumberland  college, 
Ky.,  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1845,  and  prac 
tised  in  McLeansboro,  111.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  the  Illinois  legislature  in  1847 ;  state's 
attorney  for  the  3d  judicial  circuit  of  Illinois, 
1847-49,  and  judge  of  the  7th  judicial  circuit, 
1851-54.  He  was  a  Democratic  representative 
from  the  ninth  Illinois  district  in  the  34th  and 
35th  congresses,  1855-59.  His  seat  in  the  34th 
congress  was  unsuccessfully  contested  under  the 
clause  in  the  state  constitution,  declaring  all 
judges  in  the  state  ineligible  to  any  other  office, 
state  or  federal,  during  the  term  for  which  they 
were  elected  and  for  one  year  after.  He  was 
judge  of  the  12th  Illinois  circuit,  1861-64;  and 
again  represented  his  district  in  the  39th,  40th, 
41st,  42d  and  43d  congresses,  serving  1865-75.  He 
was  a  delegate  from  the  state  at  large  to  the 
Democratic  national  conventions  of  1860  and 
1864,  and  to  the  Loyalists'  convention,  Philadel 
phia,  Pa.,  in  1866.  He  received  the  entire  Demo 
cratic  vote  of  the  joint  assembly  of  the  Illinois 
legislature  for  U.S.  senator  in  1861,  and  the  Dem 
ocratic  vote  of  the  U.S.  house  of  representatives 
for  speaker  of  that  body  in  1867.  and  was  presi 
dent  of  the  board  of  managers  of  Hamilton  col 
lege,  1875-80.  He  never  married.  He  died  in 
Hamilton  county,  111.,  July  26,  1890. 

MARSHALL,  Thomas,  soldier,  was  born  in 
Washington  parish,  Westmoreland  county,  Va., 
April  2,  1730  :  son  of  John  and  Elizabeth  (Mark- 
ham)  Marshall  ;  grandson  of  Thomas  and  Martha 
Marshall  and  great  grandson  of  John  Marshall, 
Jamestown,  Va.,  1650.  He  attended  the  Rev. 
Archibald  Campbell's  school,  studied  to  be  a 
surveyor,  assisted  Washington  in  surveying  the 
Lord  Fairfax  estates  and  was  presented  with  a 
largo  tract  of  land  in  Henry  count}',  Va.,  for  his 
services.  Upon  the  outbreak  of  the  French  and 


MARSHALL 


Indian  war  he  was  commissioned  lieutenant  in  a 
Virginia  company  and  joined  the  expedition  to 
Fort  Duquesne  under  General  Braddock.  He 
was  detailed  for  garrison  duty  at  Fort  Necessity 
and  consequently  was  not  present  at  Braddock's 
defeat.  He  was  agent  of  Lord  Fairfax,  and  super 
intended  a  portion  of  the  Fairfax  estate  in  the 
Northern  Neck  in  1754.  He  was  married  in  1754 
to  Mary  Randolph,  daughter  of  the  Rev.  James 
and  Mary  Isham  (Randolph)  Keith  of  Fauquier 
county,  Va.  He  removed  to  an  estate  of  350 
acres  purchased  from  the  Lees  on  Goose  Creek 
in  1765.  He  also  became  owner  of  "Three  Oaks," 
an  estate  in  Leeds  parish,  Fauquier  county,  in 
17G5  ;  was  high  sheriff  of  the  county  in  1767,  and 
a  member  of  the  house  of  burgesses.  He  was 
a  member  of  the  convention  that  declared  the 
independence  of  Virginia,  and  in  1775  he  recruited 
the  Culpeper  minute  men  and  was  commissioned 
major  of  Colonel  Woodford's  regiment,  distin 
guishing  himself  at  the  battle  of  Great  Bridge, 
the  first  engagement  on  Virginia  soil.  He  was 
promoted  colonel  of  the  3d  Virginia  regiment, 
and  at  the  battle  of  Brandy  wine  he  maintained 
his  position  in  the  wood  on  the  right  until  his 
.ammunition  was  exhausted,  his  horse  shot 
under  him  and  half  his  officers  and  one  third  of 
his  command  were  killed  or  wounded.  On  re 
turning  to  his  division  he  found  it  had  already 
retreated  and  that  Generals  Woodford  and 
Lafayette  had  both  been  wounded.  For  his 
gallantry  and  good  conduct  in  "  saving  the  Pa 
triot  army  from  destruction."  the  house  of  bur 
gesses  voted  him  a  sword.  At  the  battle  of  Ger- 
mantown  his  regiment  covered  the  retreat  of  the 
Continental  army,  and  when  General  Mercer 
was  killed  he  succeeded  to  the  command.  He 
was  with  Washington  at  Valley  Forge  and  after 
joining  the  Army  of  the  South  in  1779,  he  sur 
rendered  with  General  Lincoln  at  Charleston, 
S.C.,  in  1780.  He  made  a  trip  to  Kentucky  over 
the  mountains  on  horseback  during  his  parole, 
and  located  his  future  estate,  "  Buckpond,"  near 
Versailles.  Upon  his  exchange  he  rejoined  his 
command  and  held  it  until  the  close  of  the  war. 
In  1780  he  was  appointed  surveyor-general  of 
lands  in  the  county  of  Kentucky,  and  when.  Nov. 
1,  1781,  it  was  divided  into  Fayette,  Lincoln  and 
Jefferson  counties  he  became  surveyor  of  Fayette. 
In  1785  he  returned  to  Virginia  for  his  family 
and  they  settled  at  ''  Buckpond,"  where  they 
resided  until  1800.  when  lie  removed  to  the  house 
of  his  son  Thomas  in  Mason  county.  He  was  a 
a  representative  from  Fayette  county  in  the  Vir 
ginia  legislature  in  1787-88  ;  was  a  delegate  to 
the  convention  held  at  Danville,  Ky. ,  in  1787, 
and  was  appointed  by  President  Washington 
collector  of  revenue  for  Kentucky.  He  died  at 
"  Federal  Hill,"  Washington,  Ky.,  June  22,  1802. 


[373] 


MARSHALL,  Thomas,  soldier,  was  born  in 
Mason  county,  Ky.,  April  13,  1793;  son  of  Capt. 
Thomas  and  Frances  Maitland  (Kennan)  Mar 
shall,  and  grandson  of  Gen.  Thomas  and  Mary 
Randolph  (Keith)  Marshall.  He  received  a  clas 
sical  education  and  began  the  study  of  law.  In 
April,  1812,  on  account  of  an  insult  offered  his 
father,  he  fought  a  duel  with  Charles  S.  Mitchell 
on  the  banks  of  the  Ohio  above  Maysville  in 
which  he  was  severely  wounded.  He  was  a 
second  lieutenant  in  the  war  of  1812.  He  was 
married  about  1819  to  Catherine  Taylor  of  Vir 
ginia,  who  died  in  Kentucky  in  1820,  and 
secondly,  in  Washington,  D.C.,  Nov.  6,  1821,  to 
Juliana  Winchester  Whetcroft  of  Annapolis,  Md. 
He  became  the  owner  of  3000  acres  of  land  in 
Lewis  county,  Ky.,  where  he  lived,  1819-53.  He 
was  a  representative  in  the  state  legislature  in 
1817,  1828  and  from  1839  to  1844,  and  served  for 
one  session  as  speaker.  He  was  commissioned 
by  President  Polk  brigadier-general  of  volun 
teers  at  the  outbreak  of  the  war  with  Mexico. 
He  commanded  a  brigade  of  Kentucky  volun 
teers  under  Gen.  John  E.  Wool  and  on  account 
of  a  disagreement  with  that  officer  he  was  left 
at  Rineonada  Pass  with  only  part  of  his  brigade. 
Receiving  orders  to  march  to  Buena  Vista  his 
brigade  cut  their  way  through  the  forces  of 
General  Minon.  and  his  arrival  discouraged  the 
Mexicans  who  capitulated  before  his  men  could 
take  part  in  the  action.  He  was  with  Gen. 
Winfield  Scott  in  the  march  to  Mexico  city  and 
during  the  last  six  months  of  the  war  he  was 
military  governor  of  Mexico.  In  conjunction 
with  General  Worth  he  preferred  charges  against 
General  Scott  which  led  to  a  court  of  inquiry. 
Soon  after  his  return  to  Kentucky  at  the  close 
of  the  war,  his  wife  left  him,  and  he  was  shot 
and  killed  by  one  of  his  tenants.  He  died  on  his 
plantation  in  Lewis  county,  Ky.,  March  28,  1853. 

MARSHALL,  Thomas  Alexander,  jurist,  was 
born  in  Woodford  county,  Ky.,  Jan.  15,  1794  ;  son 
of  Senator  Humphrey  and  Mary  (Marshall)  Mar 
shall.  He  was  graduated  from  Yale  in  1815,  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  and  practised  in  Frankfort, 
Ky.  He  was  married  Nov.  26,  1816,  to  Eliza  Price, 
granddaughter  of  Col.  Thomas  Hart  and  a  niece 
of  Henry  Clay.  He  removed  to  Paris,  Ky.,  in 
1819  ;  was  a  representative  in  the  state  legisla 
ture,  1827-28  ;  a  Whig  representative  in  the 
22d  and  23d  congresses,  1831-35  ;  judge  of  the 
court  of  appeals,  1835-36  ;  professor  of  law  in 
Pennsylvania  university,  1836-49  ;  a  representa 
tive  in  the  state  legislature,  1863-65,  and  chief 
justice  of  the  court  of  appeals,  1866-67.  The 
honorary  degree  of  LL.D.  was  conferred  on  him 
by  Yale  in  1866.  He  is  the  author  of  Kentucky 
Reports  (24  vols.).  He  retired  from  the  bench  in 
1867  and  died  in  Louisville,  Ky.,  April  17,  1871. 


MARSHALL 


MARSTON 


MARSHALL,  William  Edgar,  portrait  painter, 
was  bora  in  New  York  city,  June  30,  1837.  He 
was  educated  in  the  public  schools  and  in  1858 
engaged  as  an  engraver  with  the  American 
Bank  Note  company.  Subsequently  he  engraved 
large  portraits  in  line,  and  painted  portraits  in 
oil.  He  settled  in  Boston,  Mass.,  as  a  portrait 
painter,  where  he  painted  portraits  of  several 
prominent  persons.  He  travelled  in  Europe,  1864- 
06,  residing  chiefly  in  Paris,  where  he  exhibited 
in  the  Salons  of  1865  and  1866  and  made  the  ac 
quaintance  of  Paul  Gustave  Dore.  He  established 
his  studio  in  New  York  city  in  1866,  and  turned 
his  attention  to  line  portrait  engraving,  his  more 
noteworthy  achievements  including  engravings 
after  Stuart's  Washington  (1862)  and  his  own 
Lincoln  (1856).  He  engraved  a  head  of  Christ 
from  the  portrait  by  Da  Vinci,  to  illustrate  Henry 
Ward  Beecher's  "Life  of  Jesus  the  Christ'' 
(1871).  He  painted  a  head  of  Christ  from  a  co 
lossal  clay  model  of  his  own  design  and  construc 
tion,  and  in  1880  he  made  a  copy  in  line  engraving. 
Among  many  well-known  portraits  engraved  by 
him  are  Longfellow,  Cooper,  Beecher,  Grant, 
Elaine,  Hancock,  Garfield,  Harrison,  McKinley 
and  Roosevelt.  Most  of  these  were  engraved  from 
his  portraits  of  the  subjects  painted  in  oil. 

MARSHALL,  William  Rainey,  governor  of 
Minnesota,  was  born  near  Columbia,  Mo.,  Oct. 
17.  1825  ;  son  of  Joseph  and  Abigail  Black  (Shaw) 
Marshall;  grandson  of  David  and  Sarah  (Graham) 
Marshall,  and  of  Samuel  Shaw,  a  native  of 
Ireland,  who  settled  in  Cum 
berland  county,  Pa.,  1767, 
served  in  the  Revolutionary 
war  and  removed  to  Bourbon 
county,  Ky.,  in  1795,  and  to 
Quincy,  111.,  in  1829.  His  first 
ancestor  in  America,  Joseph 
Marshall, a  native  of  Ireland, 
of  Scotch  descent,  settled  in  Cumberland  county, 
Pa.,  before  1750.  His  father  removed  to  Quincy, 
111.,  in  1830,  and  he  attended  the  public  schools. 
He  worked  with  his  brother  in  the  Galena  lead 
mines  in  Wisconsin,  1842-47.  In  June,  1847, 
having  acquired  some  capital,  he  removed  to 
St.  Croix  Falls,  Wis.  Ter.,  afterward  Minnesota, 
and  engaged  in  the  survey  of  public  lands.  He 
was  elected  a  representative  in  the  Wisconsin 
legislature,  1848,  but  on  account  of  a  change  of 
boundaries  did  not  take  his  seat.  He  removed  to 
St.  Anthony's  Falls  in  1848,  and  with  his  brother 
Joseph  established  the  first  store  in  what  became 
Minneapolis,  Minn.,  and  he  represented  his  dis 
trict  in  the  territorial  legislature  in  1849.  He 
was  married.  March  22.  1854,  to  Abby  Elliot, 
daughter  of  George  and  Chloe  (Sweeting)  Lang- 
ford  of  Utica.  N.Y.  He  engaged  in  banking  at 
St.  Paul,  Minn.,  1855-57,  and  in  January,  1861, 


established  with  J.  A.  Wheelock,  the  St.  Paul 
Daily  Press,  and  conducted  it  until  August,  1862. 
In  1862  he  enlisted  in  the  7th  Minnesota  volun 
teer  infantry,  was  commissioned  lieutenant- 
colonel  and  engaged  in  subduing  the  Sioux 
Indians,  18(52-03.  He  was  promoted  colonel  and 
commanded  the  3d  brigade,  1st  division,  Army  of 
the  Tennessee  at  the  battle  of  Nashville,  Dec.  15- 
16,  1864,  and  was  wounded  at  the  siege  of  Mobile. 
He  was  brevetted  brigadier-general  of  volunteers, 
March  13,  1865,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  con 
duct  during  the  war.  He  returned  to  St.  Paul, 
and  was  governor  of  Minnesota,  1865-69.  He 
was  a  railroad  commissioner  for  Minnesota,  1874- 
XI.  He  died  in  Pasadena,  C'al.,  April  4.  1895. 

MARSTON,  George  W.,  composer,   was  horn 
at  Sandwich,  Mass..  .May  23,  1840  ;  son  of  William 

and (Howland)    Marston,   and    a  descendant 

of  John  Howland  of  the  Ma//Jloirer.  William 
Marston  was  a  native  of  England  and  was 
brought  to  the  United  States  by  his  parents, 
George  attended  the  public  schools  and  Sandwich 
academy;  began  the  study  of  music  in  Is52.  and 
became  organist  of  the  Congregational  church 
at  Sandwich  in  1X50  and  subsequently  taught 
the  piano  and  was  organist  of  the  Baptist  church, 
at  Waterville,  Maine.  In  1X60  lie  settled  in 
Portland,  Maine,  when;  lie  pursued  his  studies 
under  John  W.  Tufts  and  continued  teaching. 
He  also  visited  Europe  twice  and  studied  the 
pianoforte  under  Biionamici  in  Florence  and 
composition  in  Germany,  and  on  his  return  set 
tled  in  Boston.  Mass.,  as  a  teacher.  The  numer 
ous  ballads  composed  by  him  include:  .Irrox.s 
the  Far  Blue  Hills,  Marie  :  Martjuerite  and  DIIIKJ- 
las  Tender  and  True,  lie  also  composed  the 
dramatic  cantata  Darid  ;  two  books  of  German 
Lieder ;  a  book  of  English  songs  Grare  and  GUI/. 
and  many  Te  Dennis,  anthems,  songs  and  piano 
pieces.  He  died  in  Sandwich,  Mass.,  Feb.  2.  1901. 
MARSTON,  Oilman,  representative,  was  born 
in  Oxford.  N.IL,  Aug.  20,  1X1 1  :  son  of  Jeremiah 
and  Theda  (Sawyer)  Marston  ;  grandson  of  Jere 
miah  and  Hannah  (Fowle)  Marston  ;  and  great- 
grandson  of  Jeremiah  and  Tabitiia  (Dearborn) 
Marston.  His  ancestor,  William  Marston,  came 
from  Yorkshire  county.  Kngland,  to  Salem,  Mass., 
in  1634,  with  his  family  and  brothers  Robert  and 
John  :  removed  to  Newbury  in  1037.  and  in  Octo 
ber,  1038.  was  among  the  fifty-six  first  settlers  at 
Hampton.  His  first  wife  died  in  1060,  and  he 
was  married  secondly  in  1662  to  Sabrina,  daugh 
ter  of  Robert  Page  of  Yarmouth,  England.  Gil- 
man  Marston  spent  his  boyhood  on  his  father's 
farm,  taught  school  to  pay  his  way  through  to 
college  and  was  graduated  at  Dartmouth  in  1837. 
He  was  principal  of  an  academy  in  Indianapolis, 
Ind..  1837-38,  and  was  graduated  at  the  Harvard 
Law  school  in  1840.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
[374] 


MA  RSTON 


MARTIN 


in  1841.  and  settled  in  practice  in  Exeter,  N.H. 
He  was  a  Whig  representative  in  the  New 
Hampshire  legislature,  1845-4*  ;  a  delegate  to 
the  state  constitutional  convention  in  1*50,  and 
a  representative  in  the  30th,  37th  and  39th  con 
gresses,  1859-03  and  1805-07.  He  recruited  and 
was  colonel  of  the  2d  New  Hampshire  volunteers 
early  in  1861,  and  was  wounded  in  the  battle  of 
Bull  Run,  July  21.  1801.  lie  served  under 
McClellan  on  the  Peninsula  and  with  Burnside 
at  Fredericksburg  where  his  regiment  was  in  the 
1st  hrigade.  2d  division,  3d  corps.  He  was  pro 
moted  brigadier-general.  Nov.  29,  1802.  He 
declined  the  appointment  as  governor  of  Idaho 
territory,  1870:  was  a  representative  in  the  state 
legislature.  1 8:2-7:}  and  1*70-8*  :  was  a  dele 
gate  to  the  state  constitutional  convention  in 
1*70.  and  was  defeated  for  representative  in  the 
45th  congress  by  Frank  Jones.  Democrat.  On 
Feb.  15.  1*89.  Governor  Sawyer  ap])ointed  him 
U.S.  senator  as  successor  to  William  K.  Chandler, 
whose  term  would  expire  March  4.  1889.  and  he 
served  till  the  election  of  ex-Senator  Chandler. 
June  IS,  1889,  and  in  the  election  of  June  13 
lie  received  two  votes  for  the  office.  He  received 
the  degree  LL.T).  from  Dartmouth  in  1882.  He 
died  in  Kxeter.  N.H..  July  3.  1*90. 

MARSTON,  John,  naval  officer,  was  born  in 
Boston.  Mass..  Feb.  20,  179(5:  son  of  Col.  John 
and  Anna  (Randall)  Marston  ;  grandson  of  John 
and  Elizabeth  (Greenwood)  Marston,  and  a  de 
scendant  of  John 
Marston,  a  mar 
iner  of  Eng 
land,  who  settled 
in  Salem,  Mass., 
about  1(534.  When 
sixteen  years  old 
he  carried  the 
news  of  the  cap 
ture  of  the  Guer- 
ricre  to  John 
Adams  at  Quin- 
cv.  Mass.,  which  service  secured  his  appoint 
ment  as  midshipman,  April  15.  1*13.  Jle  was 
promoted  lieutenant .  July  13.  1*25  ;  was  on  the 
fii'ttiittyiriiie  when  she  carried  Lafayette  to 
France,  and  served  on  the  Pacific  squadron, 
1827-29.  and  1*33-31.  lie  was  attached  to  the 
frigate  lanital  Htuli's  in  1*40,  and  was  promoted 
commander,  Sept.  s,  is  H.  He  commanded  the 
York/turn  on  the  African  coast  in  1*50  :  the 
Philadelphia  navy  yard.  1  853 -55.  and  was  pro 
moted  captain.  Sept.  14.  1*55.  He  was  in  com 
mand  of  the  Cinii!><')-]«ii(l<n\  the  Brazil  squadron. 
1*50-01,  was  placed  on  the  retired  list.  Dec.  21. 
1861 ,  but  continued  in  command  fora  year  and 
was  promoted  commodore,  July  1(5,  1*02.  He 
•was  in  command  of  the  Jtodnoke  when  the  Mcr- 


US.    SLOOP  CUMBERLAND. 


[375] 


riniac  destroyed  the  Cumberland  and  the  Con- 
r/mss  at  Hampton  Roads,  Va.,  March  8,  1802.  The 
Monitor  arrived  March  9,  1862,  and  Commodore 
Marston  had  orders  to  send  her  at  once  to  Wash 
ington  to  protect  the  capital.  He  disobeyed 
these  instructions  and  ordered  the  attack  on  the 
HtcrriiiKtc  which  resulted  in  a  Federal  victory. 
He  was  promoted  rear-admiral  in  1806,  was  in 
spector  of  lighthouses  in  the  Boston  district, 
and  had  charge  of  the  Portsmouth  and  Philadel 
phia  navy  yards,  and  of  the  naval  station  at  Key 
West.  He  was  married  about  1830  to  Mrs. 
Elizabeth  Wilcox  and  made  his  home  in  Phil 
adelphia.  Pa.,  where  lie  died  April  9,  1885. 

MARTIN,  Alexander,  governor  of  North 
Carolina,  was  born  in  New  Jersey  probably  in 
1740.  He  was  graduated  from  the  College  of 
New  Jersey,  A.B  ,  1756,  A.M.,  1759,  and  practised 
law  in  Guilford  county,  N.C.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  colonial  assembly  of  North  Carolina  in 
1772  ;  and  of  the  colonial  conventions  held  1774- 
75.  He  was  appointed  colonel  of  the  2d  North 
Carolina  regiment  which  he  commanded  at  the 
battles  of  Brandy  \vine  and  Germantown.  He 
was  dismissed  from  the  service  on  a  charge  of 
cowardice.  He  was  a  state  senator,  1779-82, 
17*5-87  and  17*8.  and  served  as  speaker  during 
most  of  his  term.  While  Governor  Burke  was  in 
captivity  lie  was  acting  governor,  1781-82,  and 
was  governor  by  election,  1782-85  and  1789-92. 
He  was  a  delegate  to  the  convention  of  1787  that 
framed  the  Federal  constitution,  but  with  his  col 
league,  William  R.  Davie,  departed  for  North 
Carolina  on  state  duty  before  the  document  was 
signed.  He  was  U.S.  senator,  1793-99,  and  was 
defeated  for  re-election  on  account  of  his  support 
to  the  alien  and  sedition  acts.  The  honorary 
degree  of  LL.D.  was  conferred  on  him  by  the 
College  of  Ne  .v  Jersey  in  1793.  He  was  a  trustee 
of  the  University  of  North  Carolina.  1790-1807, 
and  president  of  the  board.  1792-93.  He  died  at 
Danburv.  N.C.,  in  November.  1807. 

MARTIN,  Artemas,  mathematician,  was  born 
in  Stenbeu  county.  N.Y..  Aug.  3,  1835  ;  son  of 
James  Madison  and  Orenda  Knight  (Bradley) 
Martin.  His  parents  removed  to  Pennsylvania  in 
1*30;  located  near  Franklin,  in  1837  ;  on  a  farm 
in  Sugar  Creek  township  in  1843  ;  on  a  farm  in 
Sandy  Creek  township  in  1*49  :  near  Erie,  Pa.,  in 
1*69,  and  in  Washington.  D.C..  in  1885.  His  first 
school  attendance  was  in  1*49,  and  he  took  up 
arithmetic  in  1850  :  algebra,  geometry,  natural 
philosophy  and  chemistry,  1*52,  at  a  select  school 
in  Franklin,  Pa.,  and  at  Franklin  academy  less 
than  three  months,  1851-55.  He  taught  school, 
worked  on  a  farm,  successfully  conducted  a  mar 
ket  garden,  worked  on  oil  wells,  and  continued 
his  mathematical  studies  and  engaged  in  literary 
work.  1855-85,  and  in  1885  accepted  a  position 


MARTIN 


MARTIN 


in  the  U.S.  coast  and  geodetic  survey,  Washing 
ton,  B.C.  He  founded  the  Mathematical  Visitor 
in  1877  and  the  Mathematical  Magazine  in  1882, 
and  was  his  own  compositor  except  for  the  first 
three  numbers  of  the  Visitor.  He  was  elected 

professor  of  mathe 
matics  in  the  normal 
school,  Warrensb urg, 
Mo.,  in  1881,  but  de 
clined  to  serve.  He 
was  elected  a  mem 
ber  of  the  London 
Mat  hematical  society 
in  1878  ;  the  Societe 
Mathematique  de 
France  in  1884;  Edin 
burgh  Mathematical 
society  in  1885  ;  Philo 
sophical  society  of 
Washington,  D.C.  in 
1886  ;  a  fellow  of 
the  American  As 
sociation  for  the  Advancement  of  Science  in 
1896  ;  a  member  of  the  (now)  American  Mathema 
tical  society  in  1891,  and  of  the  National  Educa 
tional  association  and  of  various  other  learned 
societies  of  Europe  and  America.  He  contributed 
to  and  edited  mathematical  departments  in  vari 
ous  American  and  foreign  scientific  publications, 
1853-85.  He  received  the  honorary  degree  of  A.M. 
from  Yale  in  1877,  Ph.  D.  from  Rutgers,  1882,  and 
LL.  D.  from  Hillsdale  in  1884.  His  library  of 
over  8000  volumes  contained  many  rare  and  curi 
ous  books,  some  dating  back  to  1400;  it  included 
900  American  arithmetics,  300  American  algebras, 
300  foreign  arithmetics,  200  foreign  algebras  and 
a  large  collection  of  other  American  and  foreign 
mathematical  works  ;  also,  a  large  collection  of 
American  English  grammars  and  other  rare 
school  books.  He  is  joint  author  with  James  M 
Greenwood  of  :  Notes  on  the  Hist  art/  of  America? 
Text-Books  on  Arithmetic  (U.S.  Education  Re 
ports,  1897-99). 

MARTIN,  Augustus  Mary,  R.C.  bishop,  was 
born  at  Breton,  St.  Malo,  France,  Feb.  2,  1803; 
He  was  made  sub-deacon  at  Beauvais  in  1824, 
deacon  in  1825,  and  was  ordained  at  Rennes  in 
1828  by  Mgr.  Segney.  He  immigrated  to  the 
United  States  in  1841  and  became  a  member  of 
Bishop  Blanc's  household  and  acting  chaplain  of 
the  Ursnline  convent  at  New  Orleans  in  1842. 
He  was  pastor  of  St.  Martin's  church.  Martins- 
ville,  1843-45  ;  of  St.  James's  parish,  1845-47  ;  and 
of  St.  Joseph's  church,  East  Baton  Rouge,  1847- 
53.  He  was  appointed  bishop  of  Natchitoches, 
July  29,  1853  ;  and  was  consecrated  in  the  cathe 
dral  at  New  Orleans,  La,,  Nov.  30,  1853,  by  Arch 
bishop  Blanc,  assisted  by  Bishops  Porter  and  Van 
de  Velde.  Bishop  Martin  founded  several  con 


vents  and  academies.  In  his  last  days  he  was 
attended  by  the  Rev.  Henry  Bigley,  S.J..  whom 
he  had  adopted  as  a  son  when  four  years  old. 
He  died  at  Natchitoches,  La.,  Sept.  29,  1875. 

MARTIN,  Augustus  Newton,  representative, 
was  born  in  Whitestone,  Pa..  March  23,  1847  ; 
son  of  John  and  Eveline  (White)  Martin.  He 
was  brought  up  on  a  farm,  served  in  the  civil 
war,  1803-05,  attended  Witherspoon  institute, 
Butler,  Pa.,  and  Eastman  college,  Poughkeepsie, 
N.Y.,  1865-67  ;  was  variously  employed  in  the 
western  states,  1807-69  ;  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  Bluff  ton,  Ind.,  1870  ;  was  a  representative  in 
the  Indiana  legislature,  1875  ;  and  reporter  of 
the  supreme  court  of  Indiana,  1876-80.  He  was 
married.  Sept.  22,  1881,  to  Ida  Lewis,  daughter  of 
Owen  T.  Curd,  of  Charleston,  111.  ;  resided  in 
Austin,  Texas,  1881-83  ;  returned  to  Bluff  ton, 
Ind.,  in  1883,  and  was  a  Democratic  represen 
tative  from  the  eleventh  district  of  Indiana  in 
the  51st,  52d  and  53d  congresses,  1889-95.  He 
edited  the  Indiana  Supreme  Court  Reports 
(Vols.  54-70.  1876-80).  He  died  at  the  Soldiers' 
Home  hospital.  Marion.  Ind..  July  11,  1901. 

MARTIN,  Benjamin  Nicholas,  educator,  was 
born  in  Mount  Holly,  N.J.,  Oct.  20,  1816  ;  son  of 
John  Peter  and  Isabella  (Innes)  Martin.  He  was 
graduated  from  Yale.  A.B.,  1837,  A.M.,  1840,  and 
from  the  New  Haven  Theological  seminary  in 
1840.  He  was  married,  July  1.  1841.  to  Louisa  C.r 
daughter  of  Daniel  Stroebel.  She  died  in  April, 
1883.  He  was  pastor  of  the  Congregational 
church,  Hadley.  Mass.,  1842-47  ;  Fourth  Presby 
terian  church,  Albany,  N.Y.,  1850-51  ;  devoted 
himself  to  study,  1851-53,  and  was  professor  of 
intellectual  philosophy,  history  and  belles-lettres 
at  the  University  of  the  City  of  New  York, 
1853-83.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Evangelical 
Alliance,  the  American  and  Foreign  Christian 
Union,  the  Society  for  the  Prevention  of  Crime. 
and  the  New  York  Academy  of  Science.  He 
received  the  degrees  of  S.T.D.  from  Columbia, 
1862.  and  L.H.I),  from  the  University  of  the 
State  of  New  York,  1869.  He  is  the  author  of  : 
Choice  Specimens  of  American  Literature  (1871, 
2d  ed.,  1875)  and  contributions  to  leading  peri 
odicals.  He  died  in  New  York  city,  Dec.  26,  1883. 

MARTIN,  Chalmers,  educator,  was  born  in 
Ashland,  Ky.  .Sept.  7,  1859  :  son  of  Edwin  Welles 
and  Narcissa  (McCurdy)  Martin:  grandson  of  Dr. 
Joel  F.  and  Isabella  (Henderson)  Martin,  and  of 
John  and  Sarah  (Mnlholland)  McCurdy,  and  a 
descendant  on  his  father's  side  from  Edward 
Fuller  and  Samuel  Fuller  his  son.  Mayflower  pil 
grims.  He  was  graduated  from  the  College  of 
New  Jersey,  A.B.,  1879,  A.M.,  1882.  and  from  the 
Princeton  Theological  seminary  in  1882.  He  was 
licensed  to  preach  by  the  presbytery  of  Elizabeth, 
April  19,  1881,  and  was  a  resident  graduate  and 


[376] 


MARTIN 


MARTIN 


fellow  in  Hebrew  at  the  Princeton  Theological 
seminary,  1882-88.  He  was  ordained  to  the  Pres 
byterian  ministry,  April  17,  1883,  and  was  mar 
ried,  Sept.  25,  1883,  to  Lillian  Allen,  of  New 
York.  He  was  a  missionary  to  the  Laos  tribes, 
Nortli  Siani,  1883-86  ;  was  assistant  pastor  at 
Lawrenceville,  N.J.,  1888-89  ;  pastor  of  the  First 
Presbyterian  church,  Moorestown,  N.J.,  1889-91, 
and  of  the  First  Presbyterian  church,  Port  Henry, 
N.Y.,  1891-92.  He  was  instructor  in  Hebrew  in 
Princeton  university  and  instructor  in  the  Old 
Testament  department  of  the  Princeton  Theolog 
ical  seminary,  1892-1900.  He  was  students'  lec 
turer  on  missions,  Princeton  Theological  semi 
nary,  1894-95  and  1900-01.  On  July  1,  1900,  he 
became  president  of  the  Pennsylvania  College  for 
Women,  Pittsburgh,  Pa.  He  received  the  hono 
rary  degree  of  D.D.  from  Princeton  in  1901.  He 
is  the  author  of  :  Apostolic  and  Modern  Missions 
(1898)  and  contributed  an  article  on  Siani  to  the 
Cyclopedia  of  Missions  in  1891  and  Titles  of  the 
Psalms  to  the  Presbyterian  and  Reformed  Review 
in  1900. 

MARTIN,  Charles  Cyril,  civil  engineer,  was 
born  in  Springfield,  Pa.,  Aug.  30,  1831  ;  son  of 
James  and  Lydia  (Bullock)  Martin  :  grandson  of 
James  and  Judith  (Read)  Martin  and  a  descend 
ant  of  John  Martin,  who  came  from  England 


BROOKLYN!       BRlPcJE.. 

about  1606.  a  descendant  of  Martin  de  Tours,  who 
went  to  England  with  "William  the  Conqueror. 
He  was  graduated  from  the  Rensselaer  Polytech 
nic  institute,  C.E.,  1856  ;  was  assistant  in  geod 
esy  there,  1856-57,  and  removed  to  Brooklyn, 
N.Y.,  where  he  entered  the  employ  of  the  Brook 
lyn  water  works  as  rodman  and  was  advanced  to 
assistant  engineer.  He  perfected  himself  in  iron 
construction  work  as  applied  to  bridge  building 
and  in  1800-61  he  was  engaged  in  building  an 
iron  bridge  across  the  Savannah  river.  He  re 
turned  north,  was  superintendent  of  the  Trenton 
Locomotive  and  Machine  Manufacturing  com 
pany  and  of  the  Wiard  Ordnance  company,  1861- 
01.  He  conducted  a  series  of  experiments  at  the 
Brooklyn  navy  yard  for  the  U.S.  navy  depart 
ment,  1864-66,  to  determine  the  respective  merits 
of  vertical  and  horizontal  tubular  boilers.  He 
was  superintendent  of  the  laying  of  a  forty-eight- 


inch  water  main  to  distribute  water  from  the 
Ridgewood  reservoir  in  Brooklyn  ;  in  1867  was 
appointed  chief  engineer  of  Prospect  park, 
where  he  inaugurated  a  system  of  roadmaking 
and  drainage  which  proved  eminently  satisfac 
tory,  and  also  constructed  the  great  park  well.  He 
was  first  assistant  engineer  of  the  New  York  and 
Brooklyn  bridge  during  its  construction  and  in 
May,  1883,  was  made  chief  engineer  and  super 
intendent  of  the  completed  structure.  He  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  American  Society  of 
Civil  Engineers  in  1872  and  was  vice-president, 
1894-96. 

MARTIN,  Daniel,  governor  of  Maryland,  was 
born  in  Talbot  county,  Md.,  in  1780  ;  son  of 
Nicholas  and  Hannah  Martin  ;  grandson  of  Tris 
tram  and  Mary  (Oldham) Martin,  and  great-grand 
son  of  John  and  Ann  (Goldsborough)  Oldham. 
He  was  married,  Feb.  6,  1816,  to  Mary  Clare 
Maccubbin,  of  Annapolis,  Md.  He  succeeded 
Joseph  Kent  (q.v.)  as  governor  of  Maryland  in 
1828,  serving  in  that  office  one  year.  During  his 
administration  the  construction  of  the  Chesa 
peake  &  Ohio  canal  was  begun.  He  was  de 
feated  in  1829  by  Thomas  King  Carroll,  but  was 
returned  in  1830  and  again  served  one  year.  He 
was  a  charter  member  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio 
railroad  in  1827,  and  a  member  of  the  Eastern 
Shore  Agricultural  society.  He  died  in  Talbot 
county,  Md.,  July  11,  1831. 

MARTIN,  Francois  Xavier,  jurist,  was  born  in 
Marseilles,  France,  March  17,  1764.  He  received 
a  superior  education  and  in  1781  immigrated  to> 
Martinique  and  thence  to  the  United  States  reach 
ing  New  Berne,  N.C.,  in  1786.  He  obtained  em 
ployment  in  a  printing-office  and  finally  became 
proprietor  of  the  paper.  He  translated  from  the 
French  and  published  numerous  works  including 
law  arid  school  books  and  almanacs.  He  studied 
English  law  and  practised  in  North  Carolina,  1789- 
1809.  He  was  a  representative  in  the  North  Caro 
lina  legislature,  1806-07  ;  U.S.  judge  for  the  terri 
tory  of  Mississippi,  1809-10,  and  was  transferred 
to  the  territory  of  Orleans  in  1810,  where  he  served 
imtil  1813,  when  he  was  appointed  attorney-gen 
eral  of  Louisiana  upon  the  organization  of  the  state 
government.  He  was  a  judge  of  the  Louisiana 
supreme  court,  1815-37;  and  chief-justice,  1837- 
45.  He  was  nearly  blind  during  the  last  years  of 
his  life  and  his  will,  which  devised  his  entire  estate 
to  his  brothers,  was  unsuccessfully  contested  by 
the  state  of  Louisiana  on  the  grounds  that  the 
property  passed  to  foreigners,  and  the  duty  of  ad 
ministration  belonged  to  the  state.  The  honor 
ary  degree  of  LL.D.  was  conferred  on  him  by  the 
University  of  Nashville  and  by  Harvard  in  1841. 
He  published  Notes  of  a  Few  Decisions  of  the 
Superior  (Courts  of  North  Carolina  and  of  tin-  <  '//•- 
cuit  Court  of  the  United  States  1778-97  (1797/  ; 


[377] 


MARTIN 


MA  I  {TIN 


On  Obligations,  a  translation  (1802):  Acts  of  the 
North  Carolina  Assembly  from  17 It  to  1803  (1804); 
Reports  of  t lie  Superior  Court  of  Orleans  from 
isn't  to  181..'  ( 1811-1;}):  (General  Digest  of  the  Ter 
ritorial  and  State  Lairs  of  Louisiana  (1816):  and 
Reports  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Louisiana  from 
1S1.1  to  1830  (1816-23—1824-30).  He  is  the  author 
of  a  History  of  Louisiana  from  its  Settlement  to 
the  Treat// of  Ghent  in  lS1.'f  (2  vols.,  1827)  and  a 
History  of  North  Carolina  (1829).  He  died  in 
New  Orleans.  La..  Dec.  11.  1846. 

MARTIN,  Henry  Newell,  biologist,  was  born 
in  Newry,  Ireland,  July  1.  1848.  He  was  grad 
uated  from  University  college.  London,  England, 
B.S.,  1870,  M.B..  1871.  D.Sc..  1872.  and  was 
university  scholar  in  zoology  and  physiology. 
He  was  also  graduated  from  Christ  college,  Cam 
bridge,  A.B.,  1874,  A.M..  1877,  was  a  fellow  of 
the  college  and  a  lecturer  on  natural  history. 
Upon  the  establishment  of  Johns  Hopkins  uni 
versity,  Baltimore.  Md.,  in  1876,  he  became  pro 
fessor  of  biology  at  that  institution,  which  chair 
he  held  until  April.  189:].  when  he  resigned  on 
account  of  ill-health.  He  was  director  of  the 
biological  laboratory  and  was  Croonian  lecturer 
of  the  Royal  Society  of  London  in  1888.  The 
honorary  degree  of  M.I),  was  conferred  on  him 
by  the  University  of  Georgia  in  1881.  He  was 
married  to  Hetty  Gary,  widow  of  General  Pegram. 
C.S.A.,  and  composer  of  the  music  which  popu 
larized  James  R.  Randall's  ballad  "  Maryland.  My 
Maryland,''  and  which  is  a  slight  variation  of  the 
German  air  "  Tannebaum."  Professor  Martin 
conducted  original  researches,  edited  "  Studies 
from  the  Biological  Laboratory  "  and  was  asso 
ciate  editor  of  The  Journal  of  Physiology.  He 
was  associated  with  Thomas  H.  Huxley  in  the 
preparation  of  a  Practical  Biology  (1876);  is 
the  author  of:  The  Normal  Respiratory  Move 
ments  of  the  Frog  anil  the  Influence,  upon  Us 
Respirator!)  Centre  of  Stimulation  of  the  Optic 
Lobes  (1878);  The  Respirator//  Function,  of  the 
Internal  Intercostal  Muscles  (1879);  Tlie  Hitman 
Body  (1881);  A  Handbook  of  Vertebrate  Dissec 
tion  with  William  A.  Moale  (3  parts.  1881-84)  and 
Observations  in  Regard  to  the  Snjjposcd  Suet  ion- 
pump  Action  of  the  Mammalian  Heart  (1887.) 
He  died  in  Hurley,  England,  Oct..  29.  1896. 

MARTIN,  Homer  Dodge,  artist,  was  born  at 
Albany,  X.Y..  Oct.  28.  1836.  He  studied  a  short 
time  under  William  Hart,  but  attendel  no  reg 
ular  art  school.  He  exhibited  his  work  at  the 
National  Academy  of  Design  in  1855  :  removed 
to  New  York  city  in  1862  :  was  an  associate  of 
the  National  Academy.  1868-75,  and  academician 
1875-97;  a  member  of  the  Society  of  American 
Artists,  of  the  Artists'  Fund  society  and  of  the 
Century  association.  He  was  in  Europe,  1876, 
1880  and  1881,  chiefly  in  England;  resided  in 


[378] 


Villerville  and  Honneur.  France.  1882-86.  and 
settled  in  St.  Paul.  Minn.,  in  1886.  His  works  in 
clude  :  White  Mountains  from  Randolph  Hill 
(1862);  In.  the  Adirondack's  (1876);  The  Thames  at 
Richmond  (1876);  Evening  on  the  Saranac  (1878); 
Sand  Dunes  on  Lake  Ontario  (1879);  Landscape  on 
the  Seine  (1880) ,  in  the  Metropolitan  Art  Museum  ; 
An  Equinoctial  Day ;  Brook  in  the  Woods;  On 
the  Neck,  Newport,  R.I.  ;  Morning  ;  Adirondack* 
(purchased  by  the  Century  association);  Old 
Manor  at  Creqyeboenf,  Normandy  (1885).  The 
Century  Association  exhibited  forty-four  of  his 
canvases  after  his  death.  He  died  at  St.  Paul, 
Minn..  Feb.  12,  1897. 

MARTIN,  James,  educator,  was  born  at 
Albany.  N.Y.,  May  12.  1796;  son  of  William 
Martin,  a  farmer  in  Argyle,  N.Y.,  who  emigrated 
from  Ireland  about  1795.  He  was  graduated 
from  Union  college,  A.B.,  1819,  A.M.,  1822; 
studied  theology  at  the  seminary  at  Canonsburg, 
Pa.,  and  was  licensed  to  preach  by  the  presbytery 
of  Cambridge,  N.Y.,  Sept.  2.  1822.  He  served 
the  Associate  Congregational  church  at  Albany 
for  a  few  months  ;  took  a  post  graduate  course  at 
the  Theological  seminary,  1822-2:3.  and  was  pastor 
of  the  Associate  Congregational  church,  Albany, 
1824-33.  He  became  editor  of  the  Religions 
Monitor  in  1833,  and  proprietor  in  1836.  He  was 
professor  of  didactic  theology  and  Hebrew  at  the 
Canonsburg,  Pa.,  theological  seminary,  1842-46. 
He  was  married  in  1825  to  Rebecca,  daughter  of 
Mathew  and  Elizabeth  (Given)  White  of  Albany, 
N.Y.  She  died  in  1835  and  he  was  married  sec 
ondly  in  May,  1836,  to  Jane,  daughter  of  John 
Watson  of  Canonsburg.  The  honorary  degree  of 
D.D.  was  conferred  on  him  by  Jefferson  college, 
in  1813.  He  is  the  author  of:  An  Essay  on  tin- 
Imputation  of  Adam's  Sin  to  his  Posterity  (ls:54) 
and  The  Duty  of  Submission  to  Chnreli  Rider*. 
Explained  and  Defended  (1841).  He  died  at 
Canonsburg.  Pa.,  June  15.  1846. 

MARTIN,  James  Green,  soldier,  was  born  in 
Elizabeth  City,  N.C.,  Feb.  14,  LSI').  He  was  grad 
uated  from  the  U.S.  Military  academy  in  1S|(), 
and  promoted  2d  lieutenant  in  the  1st  artillery. 
Reserved  in  Maine  on  frontier  and  garrison  duty, 
1840-45,  on  the  coast  survey,  1S45-46.  in  Mexico. 
1846-47.  was  promoted  1st  lieutenant.  Feb.  16, 
1847;  and  captain  of  staff  and  assistant  quarter 
master.  Aug.  5,  1847.  lie  was  brevetted  major. 
Aug.  20.  1847.  for  gallant  and  meritorious  con 
duct  in  the  battle  of  Contreras,  Aug.  14.  1S47. 
and  in  the  battle  of  Churubusco.  Aug.  20,  1847.  lie 
lost  his  right  arm.  He  was  on  quartermaster 
duty  at  Fort  Monroe.  Va.,  1848-55.  at  Sehuylkill 
arsenal.  Pa.,  1S57-58.  and  on  the  western  fron 
tier,  185S-61.  He  resigned  his  commission.  June 
14.  1861,  returned  home  and  helped  to  organize 
the  state  militia.  He  was  appointed  adjutant- 


MARTIN 


MARTIN 


general  of  the  state  and  was  made  general-in- 
chief  of  the  state  forces  with  the  rank  of  major- 
general.  He  raised  12,000  men  after  the  quota 
of  North  Carolina  had  been  filled  and  these  troops 
went  to  Virginia  when  MoClellan  advanced  upon 
Richmond.  It  was  at  his  suggestion  that  block 
ade-runners  were  employed  to  bring  army  sup 
plies  from  Europe.  He  was  commissioned  briga 
dier-general  in  the  Confederate  army  in  1862, 
and  with  his  brigade  was  ordered  to  Petersburg. 
He  was  ordered  back  to  North  Carolina,  holding 
the  position  of  adjutant-general,  1863-64,  and 
surprised  the  Federal  corps  at  Newport,  N.C..  in 
1864.  When  Grant's  army  threatened  Peters 
burg  and  Richmond,  he  assumed  command  of  a 
brigade  made  up  of  the  17th,  42d  and  66th  N.C. 
regiments  and  was  assigned  to  Whiting's  division, 
Beauregard's  army  of  defence,  and  proceeded  to 
Drewry's  Bluff,  Va.,  May  13,  1864,  fighting  the 
battle  of  Port  Walthall  Junction  on  the  16th. 
After  the  siege  of  Petersburg  he  commanded  the 
district  of  western  North  Carolina  and  south 
western  Virginia  up  to  the  close  of  the  war.  He 
practised  law  in  Asheville,  N.C.,  1867-78,  and 
died  there,  Oct.  4,  1878. 

MARTIN,  John,  senator,  was  born  in  Wilson 
county,  Tenn.,  Nov.  12,  1833  ;  eldest  son  of  Matt 
and  Mary  (Penn)  Martin  ;  grandson  of  Gen.  John 
Martin  of  South  Carolina,  and  a  descendant  of 
Abram  and  Elizabeth  (Marshall)  Martin  of  Caro 
lina  county,  Va.  Elizabeth  Marshall  was  an  aunt 
of  Chief-Justice  John  Marshall,  their  fathers 
being  brothers.  In  1848,  on  the  death  of  his 
father,  who  was  a  farmer,  the  entire  support  of  a 
large  family  devolved  upon  him.  He  conducted 
the  farm  until  1851,  was  clerk  in  a  country  store 
and  studied  la%v,  1851-55  ;  removed  to  Tecumseh, 
Kan.  Ter.,  in  April,  1855  ;  was  assistant  clerk  of 
the  house  of  representatives,  1855,  and  count}' 
clerk  and  register  of  deeds  for  Shawnee  count}', 
1855-57  ;  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  Dec.  3,  1856  ; 
was  postmaster  of  Tecumseh,  1857-58;  first 
county  attorney  for  Shawnee  county,  1858-59, 
and  deputy  U.S.  attorney  for  Kansas  Territory, 
1859-61.  He  was  married,  Nov.  12,  1860,  to  Caro 
line,  daughter  of  C.  B.  Clements  of  Kansas.  He 
was  reporter  of  the  supreme  court,  1860,  and 
commenced  the  practice  of  law  at  Topeka,  Kan., 
in  1861.  He  represented  Shawnee  county  in  the 
state  legislature,  1874-75  ;  was  defeated  as  the 
Democratic  nominee  for  U.S.  senator  in  1876  by 
P.  B.  Plumb,  and  as  governor  of  Kansas  in  1876 
by  G.  T.  Anthony.  He  declined  a  second  nomina 
tion  in  1882  and  suggested  the  name  of  G.  W. 
Glide,  who  was  elected.  He  was  judge  of  the  3d 
judicial  district  court,  1883-85  ;  was  defeated  as 
representative  in  the  50th  congress  in  1886  by 
Thomas  Ryan,  and  as  governor  of  Kansas  in  1888 
by  L.  U.  Humphrey.  On  Jan.  24,  1893.  he  was 


elected  by  the  Democrats  and  Populists  as  U.S. 
senator  to  fill  out  the  unexpired  term  of  Senator 
Plumb,  deceased,  in  place  of  Bishop  VV.  Perkins, 
appointed  by  the  governor,  the  term  expiring 
March  3,  1895.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Demo 
cratic  state  central  committee,  1864-84,  and  its 
chairman,  1870-84. 

MARTIN,  John  Alexander,  governor  of  Kan 
sas,  was  born  in  Brownsville,  Pa.,  March  10,  1839. 
He  was  apprenticed  to  the  printers'  trade  in  the 
office  of  the  Brownsville  Clipper  and  became  fore 
man  and  local  editor.  He  removed  to  Atchison, 
Kan.,  in  1857  ;  became  pro 
prietor  of  the  Squatter  Sover 
eign  in  1858,  changed  its 
name  to  the  Cliampion  and 
soon  made  it  one  of  the  most 
powerful  political  organs  of 
the  state.  He  was  secretary 
of  the  Wyandotte  constitu 
tional  convention  which 
framed  the  state  constitution  in  1859  ;  was  a  dele 
gate  to  and  one  of  the  secretaries  of  the  first 
Republican  state  convention  held  in  October, 
1859,  and  was  elected  state  senator  in  Decem 
ber,  1859.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  Republican 
national  convention  in  1860,  and  was  postmaster 
of  Atchison,  1861.  He  was  lieutenant-colonel  of 
the  8th  Kansas  infantry,  attached  to  the  army 
of  the  Cumberland  ;  provost  marshal  of  Leaven- 
worth,  Kan.,  for  a  short  time  ;  was  promoted 
colonel  Nov.  1,  1862,  and  in  December,  1862,  was 
appointed  provost  marshal  of  Nashville,  Tenn., 
which  office  he  held  for  six  months.  In  the  bat 
tle  of  Chickamauga,  Ga.,  upon  the  death  of  Col. 
Hans  C.  Heg,  he  succeeded  to  the  command  of 
the  3d  brigade,  2d  division,  20th  army  corps,  and 
at  Missionary  Ridge  he  commanded  the  8th  Kan 
sas  volunteers  in  the  1st  brigade,  3d  division,  4th 
army  corps,  and  in  this  engagement,  without 
orders  from  the  commanding  general,  his  regi 
ment  took  the  works  on  top  of  the  hill.  He 
served  through  the  Georgia  campaign  and  was 
mustered  out  Nov.  17,  1864,  and  was  brevetted 
brigadier-general  of  volunteers  for  gallant  and 
meritorious  services  during  the  war.  He  re 
sumed  the  management  of  his  newspaper,  which 
he  converted  into  a  daily  ;  was  elected  mayor  of 
Atchison  in  1865  ;  was  a  delegate  to  the  Republi 
can  national  conventions  of  1868,  1872  and  1880  ; 
a  member  of  the  Republican  national  committee, 
1868-84  ;  of  the  U.S.  centennial  commission  in 
1876,  and  manager  of  the  national  soldiers'  home, 
1878-89.  He  was  governor  of  Kansas,  1885-88, 
and  died  in  Atchison,  Kan.,  Oct.  2.  1889. 

MARTIN,  Joshua  Lanier,  governor  of  Ala 
bama,  was  born  in  Blount  county,  Tenn,,  Dec.  5, 
1799.  He  was  a  descendant  from  Louis  Mon 
taigne,  who  fled  from  France  in  1724  and  settled 


[370J 


MARTIN 


MARTIN 


in  South  Carolina,  changing  his  name  to  Martin  ; 
and  was  of  Huguenot.  Scotch  and  German  ances- 
try.  He  studied  under  the  Rev.  Isaac  Anderson 
of  Maryville,  Tenn.,  removed  to  Alabama,  and 
practised  law  at  Athens.  He  was  a  representative 
in  the  state  legislature  in  1822  ;  state  solicitor, 
and  later  a  circuit  judge  and  chancellor  of  the 
middle  division  of  the  state.  He  was  a  Demo 
cratic  representative  in  the  24th  and  25th  con 
gresses,  1835-39,  and  governor  of  the  state,  1845- 
47.  His  son,  John  M.  Martin,  was  a  lawyer,  mem 
ber  of  the  state  legislature  15  years,  speaker  of 
the  senate,  a  representative  in  the  49th  congress 
1885-89,  married  Lucy  C.,  daughter  of  Judge  E. 
W.  Peck,  and  their  son,  Wolsey  Randal  Martin, 
practised  law  with  his  father  at  Tnscaloosa  and 
removed  to  Fort  Smith,  Ark.,  in  1885.  Governor 
Martin  died  in  Tuscaloosa,  Ala.,  Nov.  2,  1856. 

MARTIN,  Lillian  Jane,  psychologist,  was  born 
in  Olean,  N.Y.,  July  7, 1851  ;  daughter  of  Russell 
and  Lydia  (Hawes)  Martin,  granddaughter  of 
Frederick  S.  Martin  and  of  Newton  Hawes.  She 
was  graduated  from  Vassar  in  1880,  and  was  teach 
er  of  sciences  at  the  Indianapolis  high-school, 
1880-89,  devoting  her  summer  vacations  to  the 
study  of  botany  and  chemistry  at  Harvard,  Cornell 
and  elsewhere.  For  original  research  in  these  lines 
she  was  made  a  fellow  of  the  American  Associa 
tion  for  the  Advancement  of  Science.  She  was 
also  made  a  member  of  the  National  Council  of 
Education.  She  was  vice-principal  and  head  of 
the  department  of  science  in  the  girls'  high-school, 
San  Francisco.  Cal.,  1889-94,  and  then  entered 
the  department  of  psychology  in  Gottingen  uni 
versity,  Germany,  the  first  woman  to  be  accepted 
as  a  student  in  that  department.  While  in  Got 
tingen  she  collaborated  with  Prof.  G.  E.  Muller 
in  preparing  a  book  for  advanced  scientists  en 
titled  :  A  Contribution  to  the  Analysis  of 'tlie  Sensi 
bility  to  Difference  (1899).  In  1899  she  returned 
to  San  Francisco.  The  same  year  she  was  ap 
pointed  assistant  professor  of  psychology  in  Le- 
land  Stanford  Jr.  university  and  during  the 
absence  of  Dr.  Frank  Angell  on  leave  of  absence 
in  Europe  she  carried  on  the  work  of  the  depart 
ment  of  psychology. 

MARTIN,  Luther,  lawyer,  was  born  in  New 
Brunswick.  N.J.,  Feb.  9,  1744  ;  son  of  Benjamin 
and  Hannah,  grandson  of  Benjamin  and  Philerate 
(Slater),  great-grandson  of  Benjamin  and  Mar 
garet  Reynolds  and  great'2-grandson  of  John  and 
Esther  Martin,  the  immigrants.  Benjamin  2d 
removed  from  Dover,  N.H.,  to  Piscataqua,  N.J. 
Luther  was  the  third  of  nine  children.  He  entered 
the  grammar  school  connected  with  the  College 
of  New  Jersey  in  1761,  and  was  graduated  with 
the  highest  honors  in  a  class  that  included 
Waightstill  Owen.  Oliver  Ellsworth,  and  David 
Howell  :  A.B.,  1766,  A.M.,  1769.  He  taught  a 


country  school  at  Queenstown,  Md.,  1766-71,  in 
order  to  pay  his  tuition  in  law.  He  lived  in  pen 
ury  and  was  arrested  for  debt  no  less  than  five 
times,  but  finally  managed  to  settle  all  his  ac 
counts.  In  1771  Chancellor  Wythe  used  his 
influence  in  his  be 
half,  and  on  Septem 
ber  1  lie  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  at  "Wil- 
liamsburg,  Va. ,  by 
the  chancellor  and 
John  Randolph,  upon 
examination,  and 
practised  in  Accom- 
ack  county,  Va.  He 
soon  became  a  fam 
ous  lawyer  and  in  a 
few  years  his  profes 
sional  income  was 
$5,000  per  annum,  a 
large  sum  for  a  law 
yer  at  that  time.  In 
1774  he  was  appointed  one  of  a  committee  on 
the  part  of  Virginia  to  oppose  the  unjust  claims 
of  Great  Britain,  and  also  a  member  of  the  con 
vention  held  at  Annapolis  to  resist  the  usurpa 
tions  of  the  British  crown.  These  occupations 
endangered  his  liberty,  but  he  entered  upon  them 
with  unflinching  zeal  and  courage.  He  made 
himself  especially  obnoxious  to  the  royal  authority 
by  writing  a  powerful  answer  to  Lord  Howe's 
proclamation  calling  upon  the  people  to  uphold 
the  crown,  and  his  answer,  published  in  the 
Maryland  Gazette,  was  received  by  the  people  of 
the  peninsula  with  enthusiasm.  He  was  ap 
pointed  attorney-general  of  Maryland  in  1778, 
through  the  influence  of  Samuel  Chase,  and  he 
was  chosen  a  delegate  to  the  convention  that 
framed  the  Federal  constitution,  but  left  the 
convention  rather  than  sign  the  instrument.  He 
was  engaged  as  counsel  for  the  defence  in  the 
impeachment  trial  of  Judge  Samuel  Chase,  ac 
cused  of  malfeasance  in  office.  The  trial  began 
Feb.  4,  1804,  and  lasted  til!  March  1,1804,  when 
after  a  powerful  argument  by  Mr.  Martin,  Judge 
Chase  was  acquitted.  He  also  defended  Aaron 
Burr  in  his  trial  at  Richmond,  Va.,  in  1807,  with 
so  much  zeal  and  energy  as  to  cause  President 
Jefferson  to  ask  the  prosecuting  attorney  if  the 
government  should  '•  move  to  commit  Luther 
Martin  as  particeps  crimiiris  of  Burr,"  and  the 
President  denounced  him  as  "  an  unprincipled 
and  impudent  Federal  bulldog."  At  the  close 
of  the  trial,  which  resulted  in  the  acquittal  of 
Burr,  Mr.  Martin  entertained  both  Burr  and 
Blennerhassett  at  his  residence  in  Baltimore. 
He  was  chief  judge  of  the  court  of  oyer  and  ter- 
miner  in  Baltimore,  1814-16,  and  attorney-gen 
eral  of  Maryland,  1818-20.  In  1820  a  stroke  of 


[380| 


MARTIN 


MARTIN 


paralysis  rendered  him  incapable  of  further 
active  service  and  an  assistant  was  assigned, 
who  did  most  of  the  work.  He  was  obliged  to 
resign  in  1822,  and  having  accumulated  no  prop 
erty,  the  Maryland  legislature  passed  an  act  re 
quiring  every  lawyer  in  the  state  to  pay  an  an 
nual  license  fee  of  $5,  the  entire  proceeds  to 
be  paid  over  to  trustees  "  for  the  use  of  Luther 
Martin."  When  Aaron  Burr  heard  of  his  poverty 
he  invited  him  to  his  home  in  New  York  city, 
where  lie  died.  He  was  married  in  178:5  to  a 
granddaughter  of  Capt.  Michael  Cresap,  the 
pioneer  accused  by  Logan,  the  Indian  chief ,  of 
murdering  his  family,  and  he  defended  Captain 
Cresap  '•  from  the  charge  of  murder  made  in 
Jefferson's  notes,"  in  a  pamphlet  largely  read. 
He  is  also  the  author  of  General  Informa 
tion  Delivered  to  the  Legislature  of  the  State  of 
Maryland  relative  to  tJie  Proceedings  of  tJie 
Convention  held  at  Philadelphia  (1788).  and  a 
series  of  pamphlets  entitled  Modern  Gratitude 
(1801-02),  the  result  of  a  personal  controversy 
witli  Richard  Raynol  Keene,  Princeton,  1796, 
who  had  married  his  daughter  Eleanor  against 
his  wishes  and  who  vigorously  replied  to  the 
pamphlets.  He  developed  bibulous  habits  and  it 
became  a  common  saying  that  ''Martin  drunk 
was  abler  than  any  other  man  sober."  He  died 
in  New  York  city,  July  10,  1826. 

MARTIN,  Noah,  governor  of  New  Hampshire, 
was  born  at  Epsom,  N.H.,  July  26, 1801  ;  a  descend 
ant  of  the  Scotch-Irish  settlers  of  Londonderry, 
N.H.  He  was  graduated  from  Dartmouth,  M.D., 
in  1824 ;  and  practised  with  Dr.  Graves  of  Deer- 
field  (a  former  preceptor)  1824-25,  at  Great  Falls, 
1825-34,  and  at  Dover,  1834-63.  On  Oct.  15,  1825, 
he  was  married  to  Mary  J.,  daughter  of  Dr. 
Robert  Woodbury  of  Harrington,  N.H.  He 
was  a  Democratic  representative  in  the  New 
Hampshire  legislature,  1830,  1832,  and  1837,  and 
state  senator,  1835-36,  and  governor  of  New 
Hampshire,  1852-54.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
Stratford  District  Medical  society,  1835-63.  and  its 
president,  1841-42 ;  was  elected  a  fellow  of  the 
New  Hampshire  Medical  society  in  1836,  and  its 
president  in  1858  ;  was  a  founder  of  the  Dover 
Medical  society  and  its  first  president,  1849-50  ; 
was  a  member  of  the  American  Medical  associa 
tion,  1849-63;  president  of  the  Straff ord  county 
savings  bank,  1844-52  ;  director  of  the  Dover  bank, 
1847-55,  and  director  of  the  Strafford  bank,  1860- 
63.  He  was  an  incorporate!1  of  the  New  Hamp 
shire  Agricultural  society  and  its  vice-president, 
1849-51  ;  was  elected  a  member  of  the  New  Eng 
land  Historic  Genealogical  society  in  1853,  and 
its  vice-president  in  1855  ;  a  member  of  the  New 
Hampshire  Historical  society  in  1855,  and  was 
a  trustee  of  the  New  Hampshire  Reform  school, 
1855-63,  He  died  in  Dover,  N.H.,  May  28,  1863. 


MARTIN,  Robert  Nicols,  jurist,  was  born  in 
Cambridge,  Md.,  Jan.  14,  1798:  son  of  Judge 
William  Bond  Martin.  He  studied  law  under 
his  father;  practised  in  Princess  Anne,  Md., 
1819-27  ;  was  a  representative  in  the  19th  con 
gress,  1825-27,  and  practised  in  Baltimore,  Md., 
1827-45.  He  was  chief-justice  of  the  western 
judicial  district,  a  judge  of  the  court  of  appeals, 
1845-51,  judge  of  the  superior  court  of  Baltimore. 
1859-67,  and  professor  of  law  in  the  University  of 
Maryland,  at  Baltimore,  1867-70.  He  died  in 
Saratoga,  N.Y.,  July  20,  1870. 

MARTIN,  Samuel  Albert,  educator,  was  born 
in  Canonsburg,  Pa.,  Nov.  1,  1853  ;  son  of  William 
and  Mary  (Houston)  Martin,  and  grandson  of 
Samuel  and  Mary  (McAvery)  Martin  and  of 
David  and  Margaret  (Cowden)  Houston.  He  at 
tended  Canonsburg  academy,  and  was  graduated 
from  Lafayette  college,  A.B..  1877,  A.M.,  1880,  and 
from  Western  Theological  seminary  in  1879.  He 
studied  theology  at  Edinburgh,  Scotland,  1878- 
79,  and  at  Princeton,  N.J.,  1879-80.  He  was 
married,  Feb.  20,  1881,  to  Katharine,  daughter 
of  the  Rev.  Thomas  C.  Porter,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  of 
Lafayette.  He  was  pastor  of  Christ  church, 
Lebanon,  Pa.,  1881-85  ;  professor  of  homiletics 
and  librarian  at  Lincoln  university,  1885-95,  and 
was  elected  president  of  Wilson  college,  Cliam- 
bersburg,  Pa.,  in  1895.  He  became  a  member  of 
the  American  Academy  of  Political  and  Social 
Science  in  1899.  The  honorary  degree  of  D.D.  was 
conferred  on  him  by  Lafayette  college  in  1892. 
He  is  the  author  of  The  Man  of  Uz  (1890). 

MARTIN,  Thomas  Staples,  senator,  was  born 
in  Scottsville,  Va.,  July  29,1847.  He  attended 
the  Virginia  Military  institute  and  served  in  the 
Confederate  army,  1864-65,  and  was  a  student  at 
the  University  of  Virginia,  1865-67.  He  read  law 
privately,  1867-69,  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1869, 
and  practised  in  Albe marie  county,  Va.  He  was 
a  member  of  the  board  of  visitors  of  the  Univer 
sity  of  Virginia,  and  was  elected  to  the  U.S. 
senate  in  1895  for  the  term  ending  March  3,  1901, 
and  was  re-elected  in  1900  for  the  term  ending 
March  3.  11)07. 

MARTIN,  William  Alexander  Parsons,  mis 
sionary  and  sinologue,  was  born  in  Livonia,  Ind.. 
April  10.  1827  ;  son  of  the  Rev.  William  Wilson 
and  Susan  (Depew)  Martin,  and  grandson  of 
Jacob  Alexander  Martin,  who  came  to  America 
f  rom  Coleraine,  Ireland.  He  was  graduated  from 
the  Indiana  university,  1846,  studied,  1846-49,  at 
the  Presbyterian  Theological  seminary,  New  Al 
bany,  Ind.  ;  was  professor  of  Latin  and  Greek 
there  one  year  and  then  went  as  a  missionary  to 
China,  being  stationed  at  Ningpo,  1850-60.  In 
1856  he  was  appointed  interpreter  for  U.S.  Min 
ister  William  B.  Reed,  and  was  with  the  latter 
when  he  negotiated  the  treaty  with  China  at 


[381] 


MARTIN 


MARTIN 


Tentsin  in  1858.     He   was   in  Peking  and  Yeddo      ditction   to    the   Study    of  International    Law 


with  U.S.  Minister  John  E.  Ward,  1859-61  ; 
founded  the  Presbyterian  mission  at  Peking,  18- 
(53-68 ;  was  president  and  professor  of  interna 
tional  law  in  the  Tung  Wen  college,  Pek 
ing,  established  by  the  Chinese  government 
for  the  purpose  of 
training  Chinese  for 
the  government  serv 
ice,  18(58-94  ;  and  was 
appointed  the  first 
president  of  tbe  Im 
perial  University  of 
China  in  1898.  He 
was  a  trusted  adviser 
of  the  Chinese  author 
ities  when  the  pro 
gressive  party  had 
influence,  especially 
in  matters  of  inter- 

national  law,  and  in 
IT  -,, 

several  disputes  with 

European  powers,  no 
tably  during  the  French  war.  He  visited  the 
ancient  Jewish  colony  in  Kai  feng  fu,  and  was 
the  first  foreigner  to  make  the  journey  from  Pe 
king  to  Shanghai  through  the  heart  of  China. 
He  was  made  a  mandarin  of  the  third  class  in 
1885  and  of  the  second  class  in  1898,  receiving  the 
red  button  by  special  decree  of  the  emperor. 
Through  the  siege  of  the  legation  in  Peking 
in  1900  he  acted  as  gatekeeper,  though  then 
seventy-three  years  of  age.  Before  the  siege 
the  library  of  the  university  was  destroyed  by 
"Boxers"  and  Chinese  soldiers,  and  after  the 
siege  the  buildings  were  taken  for  barracks  ; 
while  its  endowment  of  5.000.000  taels  was  for  a 
time  withheld  from  it  by  its  trustee,  the  Russo- 
Chinese  bank.  Dr.  Martin  spent  the  autumn  and 
winter  of  1900  in  America,  lecturing  with  a  view 
to  stimulating  and  directing  American  inter 
est  in  Chinese  progress,  and  in  1901  resumed  his 
work  in  Peking.  He  married  in  1849  Jane  Van- 
sant  of  Philadelphia,  who  died  in  1893.  He  was 
made  a  member  of  the  European  Institute  of  In 
ternational  Law  and  of  the  French  Society  of 
Comparative  Legislation.  The  honorary  degree 
of  D.D.  was  conferred  on  him  by  Lafayette 
college  in  1861,  and  that  of  LL.D.  by  the  Univer 
sity  of  the  City  of  New  York  in  1870.  and  by 
Princeton  in  1899.  He  edited  the  Peking  Scien 
tific  Magazine,  printed  in  Chinese,  1875-78,  and 
wrote,  in  Chinese,  Evidences  of  Christianity  (18- 
55:  10th  ed.,  1885),  translated  into  Japanese; 
Tli"  Three  Principles  (18M)  ;  Religions  Allegories 
(1S57)  ;  a  translation  of  Wheaton's  Elements  of 
Inter  national  Law  (1863),  reprinted  by  the  Jap 
anese  government  for  its  own  use  ;  Natural  Phli- 
osophy  (1866)  ;  a  translation  of  Woolsey's  Intro- 


translations  of  de  Marten's  Guide  Diplomatique 
and  of  Bluntschli's  Volkerrecht  (1879)  ;  Mailte- 
matical  Physics  (1885)  ;  Psychology  (1898),  and 
a  translation  of  Hall's  International  Law  (1901). 
In  English  he  is  the  author  of  :  The  Analytical 
Reader  (1863);  The  Chinese:  Their  Education, 
Philosophy  and  Letters  (1881)  ;  A  Cycle  of 
Cathay  (1897);  The  Siege  in  Peking  (1900);  The 
Lore  of  Cathay  (1901)  ;  and  numerous  contribu 
tions  to  periodicals. 

MARTIN,  William  Dobbin,  jurist,  was  born  at 
Martintown,  S.C..  Oct.  20,  1789.  He  studied  law 
with  Edmund  Bacon  ;  attended  law  lectures  at 
Litclifield,  Conn.  ;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
181 1  and  practised  at  Edgefield  Court  House,  S.C.. 
1811-13.  In  1813  he  removed  to  Coosawhatchie, 
S.C.  ;  was  a  representative  in  the  state  legislature, 
1816-18.  and  clerk  of  the  state  senate,  1818-26.  He 
was  a  Democratic  representative  in  the  20th  and 
21st  congresses,  1827-81,  and  judge  of  the  circuit 
court,  1831-33.  He  removed  to  Columbia,  S.C.,in 
1832.  He  was  married.  May  28,  181 1 ,  to  Henrietta, 
daughter  of  Dr.  Peter  Williamson,  a  distinguished 
physician  and  Revolutionary  soldier.  She  died 
July  13,  1824,  and  he  was  married  secondly  in 
January,  1830,  to  Sally  Maria,  daughter  of  Judge 
Clement  Dorsey  of  the  supreme  court  of  Mary 
land.  He  dieil  in  Charleston,  S.C.,  Nov.  17, 1833. 

MARTIN,  William  Joseph,  educator,  was  born 
in  Richmond,  Va.,  Dec.  11,  1830  ;  son  of  Dr.  Ed 
ward  Fitzgerald  and  Frances  Anne  (Foster)  Mar 
tin.  Edward  Martin  came  as  a  young  man  to 
America  from  Ireland,  settled  in  Richmond,  and 
was  a  physician  there.  William  Joseph  Martin 
was  graduated  at  the  University  of  Virginia,  A.B., 
1854,  and  was  professor  of  natural  science  in 
Washington  college,  Pa.,  1854-57.  He  was  pro 
fessor  of  chemistry,  mineralogy  and  geology  in 
the  University  of  North  Carolina,  1857-67,  and  he 
left  the  university  with  most  of  the  faculty  and 
students  in  1861  to  enlist  in  the  Confederate 
army.  He  recruited  a  company  of  the  28th 
North  Carolina  volunteers  and  he  was  promoted 
major  and  lieutenant-colonel  of  the  llth  North 
Carolina  which  had  been  the  first  volunteer  regi 
ment  and  familiarly  known  as  the  "  Bethel  regi 
ment,"  which  in  1863  left  the  state  and  was 
assigned  to  Lee's  army  of  North  Virginia.  He 
commanded  the  regiment  in  the  1st  brigade, 
Heth's  division,  A.  P.  Hill's  3d  army  corps,  in  the 
battle  of  Gettysburg  after  Col.  Collett  Levin- 
thorpe  was  wounded  :  in  the  Wilderness  cam 
paign  in  Kirkland's  brigade.  Heth's  division  ; 
was  promoted  colonel  and  served  in  MacRae's 
brigade.  Hoth's  division,  in  the  engagements 
around  Petersburg.  He  was  four  times  wounded  ; 
was  promoted  brigadier-general,  and  was  in  com 
mand  of  the  brigade  at  Appomattox.  In  1867 


[382] 


MARTIN 


MARTIN 


lie  founded  a  high-school  at  Columbia,  Tenn., 
and  in  1809  accepted  the  chair  of  chemistry 
in  Davidson  college,  N.C.,  where  he  estab 
lished  a  private  laboratory  and  subsequently  a 
working  laboratory  for  the  students.  He  served 
as  vice-president,  1884-96,  and  as  acting  presi 
dent,  1887-88,  declining  the  presidency  in  1888. 
The  Columbian  university,  D.C.,  gave  him  the 
honorary  degree  of  A.M.  in  1838  and  he  received 
the  degree  of  LL.D.  from  Hampden  Sidney  col 
lege  in  1887,  and  from  the  University  of  North 
Carolina  in  1889.  He  was  succeeded  in  1896  by 
his  son,  William  Joseph  Martin,  A.  B.,  Davidson, 
1888,  A.M.,  189:3  ;  M.D.,  University  of  Virginia, 
1890,  Ph.D.,  1893  ;  adjunct  professor  of  sciences 
at  Davidson,  1890-91  ;  instructor  in  chemistry 
University  of  Virginia.  1892-96.  Dr.  William  J. 
Martin.  Sr..  died  at  Davidson.  N.C..  March  26, 1896. 
MARTIN,  William  Mulford,  clergyman  and 
educator,  was  born  in  Railway.  N.J..  June  29, 1813 ; 
son  of  William  and  Ann  (Loree)  Martin  ;  grand 
son  of  Mulford  and  Hannah  (Trembley)  Spinning 
Martin,  and  a  descendant  of  John  Martin,  who 
came  from  Devonshire,  England,  to  the  planta 
tion  of  Dover,  on  the  Piscataqua  river  (now 
New  Hampshire),  in  1634,  and  removed  in  1668 
to  that  part  of  Woodbridge  township,  N.J..  sub 
sequently  named  Piscata way  township.  William 
M.  Martin  attended  the  College  of  New  Jersey, 
1833-36  ;  was  graduated  from  the  University  of 
the  City  of  New  York,  A.R.,  1837,  A.M.,  1840,  and 
studied  at  the  Union  Theological  seminary,  1839- 
41.  He  was  married,  Jan.  10,  1836,  to  Ann  Eliza- 
betli,  daughter  of  Judge  James  Parmenter.  of 
Boston,  Mass.  He  was  the  organizer  and  first 
principal  of  the  New  York  Classical  and  Mathe 
matical  college  school  at  Brooklyn,  N.Y.,  1838- 
48,  and  re-organized  and  was  principal  of  the 
Athenian  academy  at  Rah  way,  N.J. ,  1848-32.  He 
was  ordained  by  the  presbytery  of  Brooklyn,  April 
3.  1832  ;  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Second 
Presbyterian  church  of  Railway  and  identified 
with  its  interests  until  July,  1832,  and  was  pastor 
of  the  First  Presbyterian  church  at  Woodbridge, 
N.J.,  1832-63.  He  served  fora  time  during  the 
civil  war  in  the  field  as  chaplain  under  the  aus 
pices  of  the  Christian  Commission.  He  was  mis 
sionary  of  the  Home  Missionary  society,  N.Y., 
1864-67,  and  built  under  its  auspices  the  churches 
at  Columbia,  Cal.,  1864-63,  and  at  Virginia,  Nev., 
1863-67;  wa.s  secretary  of  the  Brooklyn  Young 
Men's  Christian  association.  1808-76,  and  raised 
nearly  $200.000  toward  the  building  of  its  head 
quarters.  He  was  professor  of  Christian  work  at 
the  Brooklyn  Lay  college,  1876-78;  was  con 
nected  with  the  Brooklyn  Society  for  the  Benefit 
of  the  Poor  ;  secretary  and  superintendent  of  the 
Brooklyn  City  Mission  and  Tract  society,  1878-88  ; 
and  agent  of  the  Charity  Organization  society, 

[383] 


N.Y.,  1888-96.  He  removed  to  San  Francisco, 
Cal.,  in  1896,  and  died  there  at  the  home  of  his 
son,  James  Parmenter  Martin,  Sept.  4,  1898. 

MARTIN,  William  Thompson,  soldier,  was 
born  in  Glasgow,  Barren  county,  Ky.,  March  23. 
1823;  son  of  Maj.  John  Henderson  and  Emily 
Monroe  (Kerr)  Martin  ;  grandson  of  Peter  and 
Elizabeth  (Henderson)  Martin  and  of  John  Rice 
and  Sarah  (Henderson)  Kerr,  and  a  descendant 
on  the  paternal  side  from  Pierre  Monteigne,  a 
French  Huguenot,  who  left  Rochelle,  France, 
and  settled  at  Mannikin  Town,  Va.,  his  name 
being  afterward  written  Peter  Martin  ;  and  on 
the  maternal  side  from  William  Randolph  of 
Turkey  Island,  Va.,  who  emigrated  from  Eng 
land.  He  attended  the  Bowling  Green,  Ky.,  acad 
emy,  and  was  graduated  from  Centre  college, 
Danville,  Ky.,  in  1840.  He  studied  law  with  his 
father  at  Vicksburg,  Miss.  ;  removed  to  Natchez, 
Miss.,  in  1842;  taught  in  a  classical  school,  1842-44, 
and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1844.  He  was 
district-attorney  of  the  1st  judicial  district  of 
Mississippi.  1843-49.  In  1831  he  actively  supported 
General  Foote,  the  Union  candidate  for  governor, 
against  Jefferson  Davis,  and  as  late  as  1860  he 
actively  opposed  secession.  He  was  commis 
sioned  captain  of  cavalry  in  the  Confederate 
States  army,  June,  1861,  and  served  in  the  Army 
of  Northern  Virginia.  He  raised  the  Jeff  Davis 
legion  of  cavalry,  Oct.  24,  1861,  and  was  commis 
sioned  major  and  promoted  lieutenant-colonel, 
Feb.  2,  1862,  and  served  in  the  Peninsula  cam 
paign,  in  the  seven  days'  battles  around  Rich 
mond  and  in  the  invasion  of  Maryland,  and  served 
temporarily  on  General  Lee's  staff  at  Antietam. 
He  was  promoted  brigadier-general,  Dec.  2, 
1862;  commanded  the  2d  division,  Wheeler's 
cavalry  corps,  at  Chickamauga,  and  was  com 
missioned  major-general.  Nov.  10,  1863.  In  the 
siege  of  Knoxville  he  commanded  a  detach 
ment  of  Wheeler's  cavalry  corps  made  up  of  his 
own  division,  and  Armstrong's  two  brigades  of 
Ransom's  cavalry  in  Longstreet's  army.  When 
Longstreet  was  ordered  to  Virginia,  General 
Martin  returned  to  the  Army  of  the  Tennessee 
and  commanded  the  1st  division  in  Wheeler's 
cavalry  corps  in  the  Atlanta  campaign,  1864.  He 
subsequently  commanded  the  Department  of 
Mississippi,  and  at  the  close  of  the  war  resumed 
his  law  practice  at  Natchez.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  state  convention  of  1865,  which  framed  a 
constitution  repealing  the  ordinance  of  secession. 
This  constitution  was  ignored  by  the  Federal 
government  and  the  state  was  placed  under  mili 
tary  rule.  He  was  elected  as  a  Democrat  a 
representative  to  the  41st  congress  in  1868.  but 
was  not  allowed  his  seat  under  reconstruction 
rules.  He  built  and  was  president  of  the  railroad 
from  Natchez  to  Jackson,  completed  in  1884.  He 


MARTIXDALE 


MARTYX 


was  a  state  senator  for  eight  years  ;  a  trustee  of 
the  state  university  and  president  of  the  board  of 
trustees  of  the  state  hospital  at  Natchez.  He  was 
president  of  the  board  of  trustees  of  Jefferson 
college,  Miss.  ;  was  a  delegate  to  the  constitutional 
convention  of  1890,  and  returned  to  private  life, 
retainin<r  the  position  of  county  attorney  and 
local  attorney  of  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad 
coinpanv.  He  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
Southern  Historic-ill  society  and  vice-president  of 
the  state.  He  was  inarried,  Jan.  5,  1854,  to 
Margaret  Dunlap  Conner  of  Adams  county,  Miss., 
and  had  four  sons  and  six  daughters  who  reached 
maturity. 

MARTINDALE,  Henry  Clinton,  representa 
tive,  was  born  in  Berkshire  county,  Mass.,  May 
6,  1780.  He  was  graduated  at  Williams  college, 
A.B.,  1800,  A.M.,  1803,  and  practised  law  in 
Sandy  Hill,  N.Y.,  1801-00.  He  was  a  Whig  repre 
sentative  in  the  18th,  19th.  20th,  21st  and  23d 
congresses,  1823-31  and  1833-35.  He  died  at 
Sandy  Hill,  N.Y.,  April  22.  I860. 

MARTINDALE,  John  Henry,  soldier,  was 
born  at  Sandy  Hill,  N.Y.,  March  20,  1815  ;  son  of 
Henry  Clinton  Martindale  (q.v.).  He  was  gradu 
ated  from  the  U.S.  Military  academy  in  1835, 
was  attached  to  the  1st  dragoons,  and  resigned 
his  commission  March  10,  1836.  He  was  an 
engineer  on  the  construction  of  the  Saratoga  & 
Washington  railroad,  1836  ;  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1838;  practised  in  Batavia,  N.Y.,  1838-51  ; 
was  district-attorney  of  Genesee  county,  N.Y.. 
1842-45,  and  1847-51.  and  practised  in  Rochester, 
N.Y.,  1851-61.  He  was  commissioned  brigadier- 
general  of  volunteers.  Aug.  9,  1801  ;  served  in  the 
defences  of  Washington.  1861-62,  in  the  Lower 
Peninsula  campaign,  1862,  at  Hanover  Court 
House,  May  26,  1862,  and  in  command  of  the  1st 
brigade,  MorelTs  division.  Porter's  corps,  in  the 
seven  days'  battles  before  Richmond.  June  25-July 
1,  1862.  He  was  military  governor  of  Washing 
ton.  D.C.,  1862-64  ;  joined  the  Army  of  the  James 
and  commanded  the  2d  division,  18th  army  corps, 
at  Cold  Harbor,  June  3.  1864,  and  moved  against 
the  Confederate  earthworks,  but  met  with  a 
heavy  loss  and  was  forced  back.  While  he  was 
re-forming  his  men,  he  was  ordered  again  to 
assault  the  works,  and  being  unsupported  by  the 
1st  division,  after  three  efforts  he  was  repulsed, 
but  at  the  close  of  the  battle  the  front  of  his 
division  was  less  than  two  hundred  yards  from 
the  enemy's  line.  He  was  in  command  of  the 
18th  corps  at  the  siege  of  Petersburg,  July  7-22, 
1864  ;  was  on  sick  leave  of  absence,  August  and 
September,  1864 ;  resigned  his  commission  on 
account  of  ill  health,  Sept.  13,  1864,  and  was 
brevetted  major-general  of  volunteers,  March  13, 
1865,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  conduct  at  the 
battle  of  Malvern  Hill.  He  then  resumed  his  law 


practice  in  Rochester.  He  was  attorney-general 
of  New  York  state,  1866-68,  and  was  vice-presi 
dent  of  the  board  of  managers  of  the  Soldiers' 
home.  He  died  in  Nice,  France,  Dec.  13,  1881. 

MARTY,  Martin,  R.C.  bishop,  was  born  at 
Schwyz,  Switzerland,  Jan.  11.  1835.  He  first 
studied  medicine  and  later  attended  a  theological 
seminary  in  Switzerland.  He  was  ordained  Sept. 
14,  1856,  and  came  to  the  United  States  to  assist 
in  founding  a  Benedictine  college  and  abbey, 
He  went  to  Vincennes,  Ind.,  in  I860,  to  consult 
with  Bishop  De  Saint  Palais,  who  was  in  need  of 
German  priests,  and  subsequently  he  purchased 
a  large  tract  of  land  in  Spencer  county,  Ind., 
part  of  which  he  sold  to  German  and  Swiss 
colonists.  He  built  several  churches  in  Spencer 
and  Dubois  counties,  founded  and  was  first  supe 
rior  of  St.  Memrod's  priory  and  established  and 
was  president  of  a  theological  seminary.  The 
priory  was  created  an  abbey  and  the  priests  were 
formed  into  the  Helvetio-American  congregation 
in  1870,  and  Father  Marty  was  appointed  abbot 
in  January,  1871,  and  blessed  abbot  by  Bishop 
St.  Palais.  May  21,  1871.  He  subsequently  re 
moved  to  Dakota,  and  studied  the  Indian  lan 
guages,  and  upon  his  return  he  wrote  a  Sioux 
grammar  and  dictionary.  After  teaching  the 
languages  to  twelve  priests  and  twelve  sisters  of 
charity,  he  returned  with  them  to  Dakota.  He 
obtained  great  influence  over  the  Indians  and 
did  much  toward  protecting  the  settlers.  He 
was  consecrated  bishop  of  Tiberias  and  vicar- 
apostolic  of  Dakota  on  Feb.  1,  1880.  at  Ferdinand, 
Ind.,  by  Bishop  Chatard  of  Vincennes.  assisted 
by  Bishop  Seidenbush  and  Abbot  Innocent  Wolf; 
was  promoted  bishop  of  Sioux  Falls,  Dak.,  Dec. 
16,  1889,  and  was  transferred  to  the  diocese  of 
St.  Cloud,  Jan.  21,  1895.  He  died  at  St.  Cloud, 
Minn.,  Sept.  19.  1896. 

MARTYN,  Sarah  Towne  (Smith),  author, 
was.  born  in  Hopkinton,  N.H.,  Aug.  15.  1805; 
daughter  of  the  Rev.  Ethan  Smith.  She  obtained 
her  education  under  her  father's  tuition  and  was 
married  in  1841  to  the  Rev.  Job  H.  Marty n  of 
New  York  city.  She  resided  in  New  York,  1837- 
66.  and  established  the  Ladies'  Wreatli,  which 
she  edited,  1846-51.  Her  husband  removed  in 
1851,  to  Waukesha,  Wis.,  where  she  resided  for 
a  short  time,  and  on  her  return  to  New  York, 
she  again  devoted  herself  to  literary  pursuits, 
writing  largely  for  the  American  Tract  society. 
She  made  a  special  study  of  the  Reformation 
period.  She  is  the  author  of  :  Evelyn  Percival, 
Allen  Cameron,  Happy  Fireside,  The  Huguenots 
of  France  and  Jesus  in  Bethany  (1865);  EJjie 
Morrison,  Sybel  Grey,  The  Hopes  of  Hope 
Castle  and  Lady  Alice  Lisle  (1866);  Margaret  of 
Navarre  and  William  Ti/ndale  (1867):  Daughters 
of  the  Cross,  Nettie  and  her  Sister,  Wilford 


[384] 


MARTYN 


MARVIN 


Parsonage  and  Women  of  the  Bible  (1868):  The 
Crescent  and  the  Cross  (1869);  Dora's  Mistake 
(1870),  and  Hillside  Cottage  (1872).  She  died  in 
New  York  city,  Nov.  22,  1879. 

MARTYN,  William  Carlos,  clergyman  and 
author,  was  born  in  New  York  city,  Dec.  15,  1841  ; 
son  of  the  Rev.  Job  H.  and  Sarah  Towne  (Smith) 
Martyn.  He  graduated  from  the  University  of 
the  City  of  New  York,  LL.B.,  1863  ;  studied  law  ; 
served  on  various  newspapers  and  prepared  a 
series  of  books  and  tracts,  biographical  and  his 
torical,  for  the  American  Tract  society,  1863-69. 
He  was  married  in  1866  to  Mercedes,  daughter  of 
Don  Fermin  Ferrer,  president  of  Nicaragua,  anil 
their  son.  Fermin  Ferrer  Martyn,  became  a  cler- 
gvman  of  the  Reformed  church  and  a  lecturer 
and  author  in  New  York  city.  He  was  graduated 
from  the  Union  Theological  seminary  in  1869, 
-and  was  pastor  of  Pilgrim  Congregational  church, 
St.  Louis,  Mo.,  1869-71;  pastor  at  Portsmouth, 
N.H.,  1871-76  ;  pastor  of  the  34th  Street  Reformed 
-church.  New  York  city,  1876-83  ;  of  the  Bloom- 
ingdale  church,  1883-90  ;  of  the  First  Reformed 
.church,  Newark,  N.J.,  1890-92  ;  of  the  Sixtli  Pres 
byterian  church,  Chicago,  111.,  1892-94,  and 
founded  and  became  half  owner  of  the  Abbey 
Press,  New  YTork,  in  1896.  He  received  the 
honorary  degrees  D.D.  and  Litt.D.  He  is  the 
-author  of  :  The  Life  of  John  Milton  ;  Life  of  Mar 
tin  Luther ;  History  of  the  Huguenots  (1866);  His 
tory  of  the  English  Puritans  (1867);  History  of 
the  Pilgrim  Fathers  of  Xew  England  (1867)  ; 
The  Dutch  Reformation  (1868);  Wendell  Phillips 
the  Agitator  (1890)  ;  Christian  Citizenship  (1898); 
Sour  Saints  and  Sweet  Sinners  (1900)  and  editor 
of  American  Reformers  series. 

MARVIL,  Joshua  Hopkins,  governor  of  Dela 
ware,  was  born  in  Little  Creek  hundred,  Sussex 
•county,  Del.,  Sept.  3,  1825.  After  his  father's 
death  in  1834  he  worked  on  the  farm,  obtaining 
but  a  limited  education,  and  in  1845  he  became 
a  sailor.  He  engaged  in  the  shipbuilder's  trade 
1846-53,  and  in  1853  began  the  manufacture  of 
agricultural  implements,  which  lie  continued 
with  success  until  1870,  when  he  opened  a  manu 
factory  for  fruit  crates  and  baskets,  using  in 
their  manufacture  inventions  of  his  own  and  so 
perfecting  the  process  as  to  make  his  establish 
ment  capable  of  manufacturing  2,000,000  baskets 
per  annum.  He  was  elected  governor  of  Dela 
ware,  Nov.  6,  1894  ;  was  inaugurated  in  January, 
1895,  and  died  in  Laurel,  Del.,  April  8,  1895. 

MARVIN,  Charles  Frederick,  meteorologist, 
was  born  in  Putnam,  Ohio,  Oct.  7,  1858  ;  son  of 
George  Frederick  and  Sarah  Anne  (Speck) 
Marvin  ;  grandson  of  Samuel  and  Caroline  (Lot- 
tridge)  Marvin  and  of  Noah  and  Maria  (Smitley) 
Speck.  He  was  graduated  from  the  Ohio  State 
university,  M.E.,  1883.  While  at  the  university, 


he  was  assistant  instructor  in  the  mechanical 
laboratory,  1878-83,  and  he  was  assistant  in  the 
department  of  physics  and  mechanical  engineer 
ing,  1883-84.  In  May,  1884,  he  was  appointed 
junior  professsr  in  the  U.S.  signal  service  and 
upon  the  organization  of  the  physical  laboratory 
division  in  January,  1885,  he  was  assigned  to 
that  division  and  carried  on  a  series  of  compara 
tive  observations  of  the  "  Regnault "  Dew-point 
apparatus  and  the  "  whirled  or  sling  psychrom- 
eter "  for  the  purpose  of  determining  the  con 
stants  of  a  formula  for  the  psychrometer.  The 
work  was  done  in  Colorado  at  the  base  and  finally 
on  the  summit  of  Pike's  peak  and  was  the  basis  of 
the  psychrometric  tables  of  the  weather  bureau. 
He  was  placed  in  charge  of  the  instrument  divis 
ion,  U.S.  signal  service,  in  1889,  and  was  elected 
professor  of  meteorology  in  the  U.S.  weather 
bureau  in  1891.  He  was  married,  June  27,  1894, 
to  Nellie  Limeburner.  He  made  important  in 
vestigations  of  anemometers  for  measurement  of 
wind  velocities  and  pressures  and  conducted 
many  experiments  for  deducing  the  moisture 
contents  of  the  air.  In  1897-98  he  developed  im 
portant  improvements  in  the  construction  of 
kites  and  the  aerial  apparatus  employed  by  the 
U.S.  weather  bureau  in  ascertaining  the  meteor 
ological  conditions  at  great  elevations  in  the  free 
air.  This  apparatus  was  subsequently  employed 
by  both  European  and  South  American  institu 
tions  and  formed  part  of  the  equipment  of  the 
German  South  Polar  expedition  of  1901.  Among 
his  inventions  are  instruments  for  the  automatic 
registration  of  rainfall,  sunshine,  wind  velocity, 
the  temperature  and  pressure  of  the  air.  He 
contributed  to  American  scientific  periodicals. 
He  was  made  fellow  of  the  American  Association 
for  the  Advancement  of  Science,  a  member  of 
the  Philosophical  Society  of  Washington,  the 
Washington  Academy  of  Science,  the  National 
Geographic  society,  and  corresponding  mem 
ber  of  the  Deutscher  Verein  zur  Forderung  der 
Luftschiffahrt  in  Berlin. 

MARVIN,  Dudley,  representative,  was  born  in 
Lyme,  Conn.,  May  6,  1786  ;  son  of  Elisha  and 
Minerva  (Prendergast)  Marvin.  He  attended  the 
Colchester  seminary  and  removed  to  Canan- 
daigua,  N.Y.,  where  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
and  practised,  1807-35.  He  was  married  to  Mary 
Wlialey,  of  Canandaigua,  N.Y.  He  supported  the 
policy  of  John  Adams,  was  a  representative  from 
Canandaigua  district  in  the  18th,  19th  and  20th  the 
congresses,  1823-29  ;  practised  law  in  New  York 
city,  1835-45.  and  in  Ripley,  N.Y.,  1845-56.  He 
was  a  Whig  representative  in  the  30th  congress, 
1847-49.  He  died  in  Ripley,  N.Y..  June  25,  1856. 

MARVIN,  Enoch  Mather,  M.E.  bishop,  was 
born  in  Warren  county,  Mo.,  June  12.  1823  ;  son 
of  Wells  Ely  Marvin,  grandscn  of  Enoch  and 


[385J 


MARVIN 


MASON 


Catharine  (Mather)  Marvin  and  a  descendant  of 
Cotton  Mather.  He  entered  the  itinerant  minis 
try  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church  in  1841,  and 
served  in  the  St.  Louis  and  Missouri  conferences, 
1841-61  ;  in  Texas,  1801-66  ;  and  in  I860  lie  was 
elected  bishop  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church, 
south.  In  1870  he  was  chosen  by  the  college  of 
bishops  to  visit  China  and  Japan  and  ordain 
native  preachers  for  the  church  there.  He  re 
turned  from  his  foreign  missionary  field  in  1877. 
The  honorary  degrees  of  D.D.  and  LL.D.  were 
conferred  on  him  by  Emory  college  in  1875.  He 
is  the  author  of  :  Work  of  Christ  (1809) :  Sermons 
(1876)  and  To  tJie  East  l>y  W(tij  of  Hie  West. 
He  died  in  St.  Louis,  Mo..  Nov.  26,  1877. 

MARVIN,  Frederic  Rowland,  clergyman  and 
author,  was  born  in  Troy,  N.Y.,  Sept.  23, 1847  ;  son 
of  the  Rev.  Uriah  and  Margaret  Jane  (Stevens) 
Marvin  ;  grandson  of  Uriah  and  Olive  (Ingraham) 
Marvin,  and  a  descendant  of  Reinold  Marvin,  who 
was  born  in  England  and  died  in  Lynie,  Conn., 
in  1662.  He  attended  Lafayette  college,  Pa. ,  and 
was  graduated  from  the  College  of  Physicians  and 
Surgeons,  M.D.,  1870.  He  was  a  professor  in  the 
New  York  Free  Medical  College  for  "Women, 
1872-7.1.  He  was  married,  May  28,  1874,  to  Persis 
Anne,  daughter  of  Samuel  Rowell,  of  Lancester, 
N.H.  He  was  graduated  from  the  Seminary  of  the 
Reformed  Church  in  America  at  New  Brunswick, 
N.J.,  in  1877;  and  was  ordained,  April  18,1879. 
He  was  pastor  of  the  Congregational  church  at 
Middletown,  N.Y.,  1879-83  ;  at  Portland,  Ore., 
1883-86,  and  at  Great  Barrington,  Mass.,  1887- 
95.  He  travelled  and  studied  in  Europe  ami 
resided  in  Germany,  1895-98,  and  in  1900  made 
his  home  in  Albany,  N.Y.  He  is  the  author  of  : 
Literature  of  the  Insane;  Death  in  the  Light  of 
Science  ;  Dream  Music  ;  Epidemic  Delusions  ; 
Christ  among  the  Cattle  (1899),  and  The  Last 
Words  of  Distinguished  Men  and  Women 
(1900). 

MARVIN,  James,  clergyman  and  educator, 
was  born  at  Peru,  N.Y.,  Aug.  17,  1820;  son  of 
Hiram  and  Polly  (Smith)  Marvin.  He  attended 
and  taught  country  schools  and  academies  and 
was  graduated  from  Allegheny  college,  Pa.,  in 
1851.  He  was  married,  July  14,  1851.  to  Armina 
Le  Suer.  He  was  professor  of  mathematics  in 
Alfred  Teachers'  seminary,  N.Y.,  1851-54  ;  super 
intendent  of  schools,  Warren,  Ohio,  1854-62  ; 
professor  of  mathematics  at  Allegheny  college, 
1862-7 i;  chancellor  of  the  University  of  Kansas, 
1874-82;  superintendent  of  Haskell  institute,  a 
government  school  for  Indians,  1883-84 ;  and 
pastor  of  the  First  Methodist  Episcopal  church, 
Lawrence,  Kan.,  1885-91.  He  received  the  hono 
rary  degree  of  D.D.  from  Alfred  university  in 
1865  and  that  of  LL.D.  from  the  University  of 
Kansas  in  1883. 


MARVIN,  James  Madison,  representative,  was 
born  in  Ballston,  N.Y.,  Feb.  27.  1809;  son  of 
William  and  Mary  (Benedict)  Marvin,  and  a  de 
scendant  of  Matthew  Marvin,  who  came  to 
America  in  1635  ;  was  an  original  proprietor  of 
Hartford,  Conn.,  subsequently  settled  at  Norwalk, 
Conn.,  and  was  a  representative  in  the  colonial 
legislature  in  1654.  James  obtained  a  good  edu 
cation  and  engaged  in  the  hotel  business  at  Sara 
toga  Springs  and  Albany,  N.Y.,  1828-65.  He  was 
married,  in  1838,  to  Rhoby,  daughter  of  Eli  Bar- 
num,  of  Ballston.  He  was  a  Whig  member  of 
the  state  assembly  in  1845,  and  a  Union  represen 
tative  in  the  38th.  39th,  and  40th  congresses,  1863- 
69.  He  was  president  of  the  First  National  bank 
of  Saratoga  Springs  ;  president  of  the  Saratoga 
club  and  a  director  of  the  N.  Y.  Central  railroad. 
He  died  at  Saratoga  Springs,  N.Y.,  April  25,  1901. 

MARVIN,  Richard  Pratt,  representative,  was 
born  in  Fail-field,  N.Y.,  Dec.  23,  1803  ;  son  of  Sel. 
den  and  Charlotte  (Pratt)  Marvin  and  a  de 
scendant  of  Reinold  Marvin,  who  came  from  Eng 
land  in  1635  and  was  one  of  the  first  settlers  of 
Hartford,  Conn.  In  1809  he  was  taken  by  liis 
parents  to  Dryden,  N.Y.,  where  he  worked  on 
the  farm  and  attended  the  district  school  until 
1822.  He  then  continued  his  studies,  supporting 
himself  in  part  by  teaching.  In  May.  1829.  he 
was  admitted  to  practice  in  the  supreme  court 
and  court  of  chancery  in  the  state  of  New  York, 
and  in  1839,  on  motion  of  Daniel  AVebster,  he  was 
admitted  as  an  attorney  and  counsellor  in  the  U.S. 
supreme  court.  He  settled  in  practice  in  James 
town,  N.Y.  He  was  married,  in  September,  1834, 
to  Isabella,  daughter  of  David  Newland  of 
Albany.  He  was  a  member  of  the  state  as- 
fembly,  1836-37  ;  and  was  active  in  securing  the 
aid  of  the  state  in  behalf  of  the  New  York  & 
Erie  railroad.  He  was  a  representative  in  the 
25th  and  26th  congresses,  1837-41  ;  took  a  con 
spicuous  part  in  the  campaign  of  1840;  was  a 
delegate  to  the  state  constitutional  convention  of 
1846;  and  was  elected  judge'of  the  eighth  judi 
cial  district  in  June,  1847,  holding  the  office  by 
re-election  until  1871.  After  the  death  of  his 
wife  in  1872  he  visited  Europe,  and  in  1873  re 
sumed  the  practice  of  law.  He  died  in  James 
town,  N.Y.,  Jan.  11,  1892. 

MASON,  Amos  Lawrence,  physician,  was 
born  in  Salem,  Mass.,  April  20,  1842  ;  son  of  the 
Rev.  Dr.  Charles  and  Susannah  (Lawrence) 
Mason  ;  grandson  of  Jeremiah  and  Mary  (Means) 
Mason  and  of  Amos  and  Sarah  (Richards) 
Lawrence  and  a  descendant  in  the  seventh  gener 
ation  from  Maj.  John  Mason,  the  hero  of  the 
Pequot  war,  1037,  and  of  John  Lawrence  of 
Watertown,  Mass..  1630.  His  great-grandfathers, 
Col.  Jeremiah  Mason  of  Lebanon.  Conn.,  and 
Samuel  Lawrence  of  C.roton,  Mass.,  were  officers 


[386] 


MASON 


MASON 


in  the  Continental  army,  1775.  Amos  Lawrence 
Mason  was  prepared  for  college  at  Dixwell's 
school  in  Boston  and  was  graduated  at  Harvard. 
A.B.,  1863,  M.D.,  1872.  He  also  studied  medicine 
in  Berlin,  Vienna  and  Paris.  He  was  house 
physician.  Massachusetts  general  hospital,  1871- 
72  ;  physician  to  the  Boston  dispensary  and  the 
Carney  hospital,  1872-76,  and  the  Boston  city 
hospital  after  1876.  He  was  married,  Sept.  30, 
1874,  to  Louisa  Blake,  daughter  of  Rear- Admiral 
Charles  Steedman,  U.S.N.  He  was  connected 
with  the  Harvard  Medical  school  as  instructor  in 
auscultation,  1878-83,  instructor  in  clinical  medi 
cine,  1887-90,  assistant  professor,  1890-93,  and  as 
sociate  professor,  1893-99.  He  became  a  member 
of  the  Massachusetts  Medical  society  in  1872, 
councillor  in  1885  ;  was  secretary  of  the  Suffolk 
District  Medical  society,  1876-78,  and  president, 
1894;  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Boston  Society 
for  Medical  Improvement,  1875.  and  president  in 
1897  and  1898,  and  a  member  of  the  Association 
of  American  Physicians  in  1891.  He  is  the  author 
of  articles  on  medical  subjects  published  in  the 
Proceedings  of  the  societies  of  which  he  was  a 
member. 

MASON,  Armistead  Thomson,  senator,  was 
born  in  Loudoun  county,  Va.,  in  1787  ;  son  of 
Stevens  Thomson  Mason.  He  was  graduated  at 
the  College  of  William  and  Mary  in  1807,  and 
was  colonel  of  cavalry  in  the  war  of  1812,  and 
subsequently  brigadier-general  in  the  state  mili 
tia.  He  was  a  representative  in  the  Virginia 
legislature,  and  on  March  3,  1815,  was  elected  to 
complete  the  unexpired  term  of  Senator  William 
B.  Giles,  resigned,  which  expired  March  3,  1817. 
He  was  a  candidate  in  1818  for  representative  in 
the  16th  congress,  1819-21,  but  was  defeated  in 
the  election  by  Charles  F.  Mercer.  The  political 
feeling  engendered  by  the  canvass  was  very  bitter 
and  led  to  a  duel  between  Senator  Mason  and  his 
brother-in-law  John  M.  McCarty,  in  which  Mason 
was  killed,  at  Bladensburg,  B.C.,  Feb.  6,  1819. 

MASON,  Caroline  Atwater,  author,  was  born 
in  Providence,  R.I.,  July  10,  1853;  daughter  of 
Stephen  and  Mary  (Weaver)  Atwater,  grand 
daughter  of  Mead  and  Huldah  (Hoag)  Atwater, 
and  of  Zebulon  and  Eunice  (Miner)  Weaver,  and  a 
descendant  of  David  Atwater,  one  of  the  founders 
of  New  Haven  colony,  1636  ;  of  Thomas  Minor, 
who  came  to  Salem,  Mass.,  in  the  Arabella  in 
1630,  and  of  Theophilus  Eaton,  first  governor  of 
Connecticut.  Her  parents  were  members  of  the 
Society  of  Friends  and  she  was  educated  in  the 
Friends'  school,  Providence,  and  studied  in  Ger 
many.  She  was  married,  May  29,  1877.  to  tlie 
Rev.  John  H.  Mason,  a  Baptist  minister  of  Bata- 
via,  N.Y.  Her  literary  work  of  a  serious  nature 
was  begun  about  1889.  She  is  the  author  of  :  ^4 
Titled  Maiden  (1889)  ;  A  Minister  of  the  World 


[387] 


(1895)  ;  The  Quiet  King  (1897)  ;  The  Minister  of 
Carthage  (1899;  ;  A  Wind  Flower  (1899)  ;  A, 
Woman  of  Yesterday  (1900)  ;  A  Lily  of  France 
(1901)  and  contributions  to  magazines. 

MASON,  Charles,  jurist,  was  born  in  Pompey, 
N.Y.,  Oct.  24,  1804  ;  son  of  Chauncey  and  Esther 
(Dodge)  Mason  ;  grandson  of  Jonathan  Mason, 
and  a  descendant  of  Capt.  John  Mason,  1635.  He 
was  graduated  first  of  his  class  at  the  U.S.  Mili 
tary  academy  and 
brevetted  3d  lieuten 
ant  of  the  corps  of 
engineers,  July  1, 
1829.  He  served  at 
the  Military  academy 
as  principal  assistant 
professor  of  engineer 
ing.  1829-31,  and  re 
signed  from  the 
army,  Dec.  31,  1831. 
He  studied  law  in 
New  York  city  and 
was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1832.  He  prac 
tised  law  at  New- 
burgh,  N.Y.,  1832-34, 
and 'in  New  York  city,  1834-36.  and  was  acting 
editor  of  the  New  York  Evening  Post,  1835-36. 
He  spent  the  winter  of  1836-37  at  Belmont,  Wis. 
Ter..  and  in  February,  1837.  took  up  his  residence 
at  Burlington,  which  was  included  in  Iowa  Ter 
ritory  in  1838.  He  was  married,  Aug.  1,  1837.  to 
Angelica,  daughter  of  Hezekiah  Gear  of  Pittsfield, 
Mass.  He  served  as  district-attorney  of  Det> 
Moines  county,  Wis.  Ter.,  and  as  one  of  Governor 
Dodge's  aides,  1837-38;  and  was  appointed  chief 
justice  of  the  supreme  court  of  Iowa  Territory  by 
President  Van  Buren,  July  4,  1838,  retiring  May 
16,  1847.  He  was  appointed  attorney  for  the 
state  of  Iowa  by  Governor  Hempstead  in  1847,  to 
bring  suit  against  the  state  of  Missouri  in  the  U.S. 
supreme  court  to  define  the  boundary  line  be 
tween  the  two  states.  He  prosecuted  this  to  a 
final  determination  in  1850  and  obtained  a  decree 
in  favor  of  Iowa.  He  was  one  of  the  three  com 
missioners  selected  by  the  state  legislature  to 
draft  an  entire  code  of  laws  for  the  state,  which 
was  adopted  in  1851.  He  was  judge  of  De& 
Moines  county  court,  Iowa,  1851-52  :  U.S.  commis 
sioner  of  patents  by  appointment  from  President 
Piei'ce,  1853-57  ;  and  a  commissioner  to  adjust  the 
extent  of  Des  Moines  river  land  grant,  1858-59. 
He  resumed  practice  at  Burlington,  Iowa,  in 
1858  ;  was  a  member  of  the  board  of  education  of 
the  state  of  Iowa,  1858-59,  and  in  1860  removed  to 
Washington,  D.C.,  where  he  was  a  member  of 
the  firm  of  Mason,  Femvick  &  Lawrence,  patent 
attorneys.  1861-81.  He  was  nominated  for  gov 
ernor  of  Iowa  by  the  Democratic  party  in  1861, 


MASON 


MASON 


but  declined,  and  was  appointed  by  the  legisla 
ture  of  Iowa  commissioner  to  control  a  state  war 
fund  of  $800,000.  He  was  nominated  for  gover 
nor  a  second  time  in  1807,  and  was  defeated.  He 
was  a  delegate  from  Iowa  to  the  Democratic 
national  conventions  of  1864,  1868,  and  1872,  and 
was  chairman  of  the  Democratic  national  central 
committee  during  those  years.  He  was  president 
of  the  Burlington  &  Missouri  River  railroad, 
Iowa,  and  of  the  Peoria  &  Quawka  railroad, 
Illinois,  1852-53.  He  published  several  pamphlets 
on  financial  subjects.  He  died  near  Burlington, 
Iowa,  Feb.  25,  1882. 

MASON,  David  Hastings,  political  economist, 
was  born  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Jan.  8,  1829;  son 
of  David  H.  and  Elizabeth  A.  (Johnston)  Mason. 
He  attended  private  schools  in  Philadelphia  ;  the 
academy  in  Dahlonega,  Ga.,  and  was  a  student 
at  Yale,  1847-49.  Ht;  was  married,  June  10, 1851, 
to  Margaretta  E.,  daughter  of  Thomas  G.  Wood 
ward,  founder  and  for  many  years  editor  of  the 
Journal  and  Courier  at  New  Haven,  Conn.  He 
engaged  in  journalism  and  was  editor  of  various 
papers  in  Georgia  and  Tennessee,  1852-67.  He 
settled  in  Chicago,  111.,  in  1867.  as  an  editorial 
writer  on  the  Tribune  and  the  Republican,  1867- 
69  ;  was  editor-in-chief  of  the  Republican,  1869-70  ; 
editor  of  the  Bureau,  a  protectionist  monthly 
magazine,  1871-72;  tariff  editor  of  the  Inter-Ocean, 
1873-80  ;  tariff  editor  of  the  Herald  in  Chicago, 
1880-82,  and  editor  of  the  Industrial  World,  a 
weekly  trade  paper  in  Chicago,  1889-94,  when 
he  retired  from  editorial  work.  He  contributed 
the  article  on  Protection  to  Lalor's  Cyclopaedia  of 
Political  Science  and  is  the  author  of  a  pamphlet 
entitled  How  Western  Farmers  are  Benefited  by 
Protection  (1875),  and  of  A  Short  Tariff  History 
of  the  United  States  (1884). 

MASON,  Edward  Gay,  historian,  was  born  in 
Bridgeport,  Conn.,  Aug.  23,  1839  ;  son  of  Roswell 
B.  and  Harriet  L.  Mason.  Roswell  B.  Mason  re 
moved  from  Connecticut  to  Chicago,  111.,  when 
that  place  was  a  village  ;  was  a  civil  engineer, 
mayor  of  the  city,  and  was  influential  in  encour 
aging  business  enterprises.  Edward  Gay  Mason 
was  prepared  for  college  in  Chicago  and  was 
graduated  at  Yale  in  1860.  He  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1863  and  in  March,  1865,  formed  a 
law  partnership  under  the  firm  name  of  Mattocks 
&  Mason.  He  subsequently  practised  in  partner 
ship  with  his  brothers  Alfred  and  Henry,  under 
the  firm  name  of  Mason  Brothers.  He  was  mar 
ried,  Dec.  25,  1867,  to  Julia  M.  Starkweather  of 
Chicago,  111.  He  was  president  of  the  Chicago 
Bar  association,  the  Chicago  Literary  club,  the 
University  Club  of  Chicago,  and  the  Chicago 
Historical  society,  1887-98,  and  was  a  member 
of  various  historical  societies  ;  a  fellow  of  Yale, 
1891-98,  and  was  named  as  a  probable  successor 


to  President  Timothy  Dwight  of  Yale  in  1898. 
He  contributed  historical  articles  to  magazines 
and  is  the  author  of  numerous  papers  on  the 
early  history  of  Illinois  collected  and  published  as 
Chapters  from  Illinois  History  (1901).  He  died  in 
Chicago,  111.,  Dec.  18,  1898. 

MASON,  Edwin  Cooley,  soldier,  was  born  in 
Springfield,  Ohio,  May  31,  1831  ;  son  of  Gen. 
Samson  (q.v.)  and  Minerva  (Needham)  Mason. 
He  matriculated  at  Wittenberg  college,  but  was 
not  graduated.  He  engaged  in  civil  engineering 
and  several  years  before  the  civil  war  he  or 
ganized  the  Springfield  Zouaves  and  became  its 
captain.  On  April  17,  1861,  he  offered  the  serv 
ices  of  the  company  to  the  governor  for  three 
months  and  it  was  enrolled  as  Company  F,  2d 
Ohio  volunteers,  it  being  the  first  military  com 
pany  in  the  state  to  offer  its  services.  He  was 
appointed  captain  in  the  17th  U.S.  infantry, 
June  18,  1861,  and  commissioned  colonel  of  the 
7th  Maine  volunteers,  November,  1861,  serving 
with  that  regiment  in  the  Army  of  the  Potomac 
until  its  term  of  service  expired.  He  was  then 
commissioned  colonel  of  the  176th  Ohio  volun 
teers  and  served  with  that  regiment  in  the  Army 
of  the  Cumberland.  He  was  thrice  wounded, 
once  severely,  at  Spottsylvania  Court  House, 
May  12,  1864  ;  and  was  brevetted  brigadier- 
general  of  volunteers  June  3,  1865.  At  the 
close  of  the  war  he  returned  to  his  regiment  in 
the  regular  army.  He  was  married,  May  2,  1867, 
to  Frances  M.,  daughter  of  Lansing  Kingsbury 
of  Marshall,  Mich.  He  was  assigned  to  the  20th 
U.S.  infantry  in  1869  and  was  promoted  major 
in  the  21st  U.S.I,  in  1871  ;  lieutenant-colonel, 
4th  U.S.I.,  May  18,  1881  ;  colonel,  3d  U.S.I., 
April  24,  1888.  and  was  retired  May  31,  1895. 
He  served  with  distinguished  gallantry  in  the 
Indian  campaigns  and  was  brevetted  briga 
dier-general,  U.S.A.,  for  his  services  in  the 
Modoc,  Bannock-Piuteand  Nez  Perces  campaigns. 
After  his  retirement  he  made  his  home  in  St. 
Paul,  Minn.  He  became  well  known  as  a  lecturer 
on  military  subjects  which  included  :  Through 
tlic  Wilderness  with  Grant  ;  T)ie  Mine  Run  Cam 
paign  ;  How  We  Wontlie  San  Juan  Archipelago  ; 
The  Development  of  Military  Systems ;  The  Modern 
Army  ;  The  Battle  of  New  Orleans  ;  The  Lights 
and  Shades  of  Army  Life.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  Military  Order  of  the  Loj'al  Legion  of  the 
United  States,  and  in  1893  served  as  commander 
of  the  Minnesota  comrnandery  ;  was  a  member  of 
the  Sons  of  the  American  Revolution  and  of  the 
Grand  Army  of  the  Republic.  He  died  in  St. 
Paul,  Minn.,  April  30,  1898. 

MASON,    Erskine,   clergyman,  was    born    in 

New  York  city,  April  16,  1805  ;  son  of  the  Rev. 

John  Mitchell  (q.v.)  and    Anna  (Lefferts)  Mason. 

He  removed  to  Schenectady,  N.Y.,  in  1817,  and 

[3681 


MASON 


MASON 


resided  with  his  brother-in-law,  the  Rev.  Jacob 
Van  Vechten.  He  studied  under  the  Rev.  Daniel 
H.  Barnes,  and  in  1823  removed  to  Carlisle,  Pa., 
witli  his  parents  and  was  graduated  at  Dickin 
son  college  iu  1823.  He  studied  theology  under 
his  cousin,  the  Rev.  Dr.  Duncan,  at  Baltimore, 
Md.,  in  1824,  and  completed  his  theological  course 
at  Princeton  seminary  in  182G.  He  was  licensed 
to  preach  by  the  Second  Presbytery  of  New  York, 
Oct.  20,  1826,  and  ordained  and  installed  pastor  of 
the  Presbyterian  church  in  Schenectady.  N.Y., 
May  .">,  1827.  He  was  married,  Sept.  26, 1827,  to  a 
daughter  of  Dr.  Samuel  A.  McCoskry.  He  was 
pastor  of  the  Bleecker  Street  church,  New  York 
•city,  1830-51,  and  was  an  original  director  of 
Union  Theological  seminary.  New  York  city, 
1836-51 .  and  its  first  recorder.  1836-41 .  He  joined 
the  new  school  on  the  division  of  the  general 
assembly  of  the  Presbyterian  church  in  1838. 
He  received  the  honorary  degree  of  D.D.  from 
Columbia  college  in  1838.  He  published  numer 
ous  discourses  during  his  lifetime,  and  a  volume 
entitled  A  Pastor's  Legacy  was  collected  and 
published  with  a  sketch  of  his  life  by  the  Rev.  Wil 
liam  Adams,  D.D.,  in  1853.  He  died  in  New 
York  city.  May  14.  1851. 

MASON,  Hrskine,  surgeon,  was  born  in  New 
York  city.  May  8,  1837  ;  son  of  the  Rev.  Erskine 
and  Mary  (McCoskry)  Mason.  He  was  graduated 
at  Columbia  college  in  1857  and  at  the  College  of 
Physicians  and  Surgeons,  New  York  city,  in 
1860  ;  settled  in  practice  in  New  York  city,  was 
demonstrator  of  anatomy  at  the  College  of  Physi 
cians  and  Surgeons,  1861-70.  and  adjunct  profes 
sor  of  surgery  and  professor  of  clinical  surgery  in 
the  medical  department  of  the  University  of  the 
City  of  New  York  until  1876.  He  was  assistant 
•surgeon  to  the  New  York  Eye  and  Ear  infirmary  ; 
surgeon  to  the  Charity,  Bellevue  and  Roosevelt 
hospitals,  and  to  the  colored  home,  and  consulting 
.surgeon  to  St.  Mary's  free  hospital  for  children. 
He  was  a  clinical  lecturer  on  surgery  in  Bellevue 
Hospital  Medical  college.  1879-82  ;  president  of 
the  Pathological  society,  1873.  and  a  member  of 
the  New  York  County  Medical  society  and  the 
American  Medical  association.  He  made  numer- 
•ous  contributions  to  medical  literature,  including 
reports  of  difficult  surgical  operations.  He  died 
in  New  York  city,  April  13.  1882. 

MASON,  Frank  Holcomb,  diplomatist,  was 
born  in  Niles,  Ohio,  April  24,  1840;  son  of  Dean 
Edson  and  Bertha  (Holcomb)  Mason  ;  grandson 
of  Judge  Ambrose  Mason,  and  a  descendant  of 
Ransom  Mason.  He  attended  the  public  schools 
and  Hiram  college,  and  in  July,  1861,  enlisted 
in  the  Federal  army  as  a  private  in  the  42d  Ohio 
infantry.  He  served  throughout  the  war  and 
was  mustered  out  as  captain  of  cavalry,  Nov.  25, 
1865.  He  devoted  himself  to  literary  work,  en 


gaging  in  journalism,  and  was  successively  a  re 
porter,  editorial  writer  and  managing  editor  of 
the  Cleveland  Leader,  1866-80.  He  was  U.S. 
consul  at  Basle,  Switzerland,  1880-84  ;  at  Mar 
seilles,  France.  1884-89  ;  consul-general  at  Frank- 
fort-on-Main,  1889-99,  and  was  appointed  consul- 
general  at  Berlin  to  succeeded  Julius  Goldschmidt 
in  1899. 

MASON,  George,  statesman,  was  born  at 
Mason's  Neck,  Fairfax  county,  Va. ,  in  1726  ;  son 
of  George  and  Ann  (Thomson)  Mason  ;  grand 
son  of  George  and  Mary  (Fowke)  Mason  and  of 
Stevens  Thomson,  attorney-general  of  Virginia  ; 
great-grandson  of  Sir  William  Thomson  of  Lon 
don,  England,  and  of  Col.  George  Mason,  the 
colonist,  of  Staffordshire,  England,  who  came 
to  Virginia  and  settled  in  Stafford  county,  where 
he  was  sheriff  and  a  representative  in  Bacon's 
assembly  in  1676.  George  Mason  (born  1726) 
married  Ann  Eilbeck  and  built  Gunston  Hall  in 


CJU/V.5TO/V     HALL. 

Truro  parish  on  the  Potomac  river.  He  drew  up 
the  non-importation  resolutions  of  1769  unani 
mously  adopted  by  the  Virginia  assembly  ;  pre 
sented  twenty-four  resolutions  reviewing  the 
trouble  with  the  mother  country,  recommending 
the  convening  of  a  congress  and  strict  non-in 
tercourse  with  Great  Britain,  at  a  meeting  held  in 
Fairfaix,  July  18,  1774,  which  were  sanctioned  by 
the  Virginia  convention  of  August,  1774,  and  by 
the  Continental  congress  in  October,  1774.  He 
declined  to  serve  as  a  delegate  to  congress  in  1775 
urging  Francis  Lightfoot  Lee  for  the  place  ; 
became  a  factor  in  the  executive  government  of 
the  colony,  as  a  member  of  the  committee  of 
safety,  and  as  a  delegate  to  the  Virginia  conven 
tion  drew  up  the  declaration  of  rights  and  the 
first  constitution  of  Virginia  as  unanimously 
adopted.  He  was  a  representative  in  the  first 
legislature  under  the  constitution  when  he  in 
troduced  and  carried  through  the  measures  that 
repealed  the  disabling  acts,  legalized  all  forms  of 
worship  and  released  dissenters  from  paying  parish 
rates.  He  was  elected  a  delegate  to  congress  in 
1777,  but  again  refused  to  serve.  He  was  a  meui- 


(3801 


MASON 


MASON 


ber  of  the  convention  of  1787  that  framed  the 
Federal  constitution.  He  favored  the  election  of 
representatives  by  the  people  :  the  election  of  a 
President  for  seven  years,  making  him  ineligible 
for  re-election  ;  opposed  making  slaves  equal  to 
freemen  as  a  basis  of  representation  ;  opposed 
property  qualification  for  voters  ;  advocated  the 
emancipation  of  slaves  or  power  to  prevent  its 
increase  and  limitations  of  the  powers  of  both 
congress  and  the  executive.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  Virginia  convention  to  pass  upon  the  adop 
tion  of  the  Federal  constitution  submitted  to  the 
ratification  of  the  states,  which  instrument  as 
drawn  up  he  had  refused  to  sign,  and  lie  vigor 
ously  stated  his  reasons  for  its  rejection  unless 
amended.  He  was  elected  the  first  U.S.  senator 
from  Virginia,  but  declined  the  office,  and  lie  re 
turned  to  his  estate,  Gunston  Hall,  where  he  en 
gaged  in  agriculture  up  to  the  time  of  his  death. 
His  statue,  with  those  of  Jefferson,  Henry  and 
other  notable  Virginians,  form  the  group  that 
surrounds  Crawford's  colossal  statue  of  Washing 
ton  on  the  Capitol  grounds,  Richmond,  Va.  He 
is  the  author  of  :  Extracts  from  tlie  Virginia 
Charters,  with  some  Remarks  upon  TJiem.  Kate 
Mason  Rowland  prepared  his  life  which  was  pub 
lished  in  two  volumes  (1892).  He  died  at  Gunston 
Hall.  Va.,  Oct.  7,  1792. 

MASON,  George  Champlin,  author,  was  born 
in  Newport,  R.I.,  July  17,  1820  ;  son  of  George 
Champlin  and  Abby  Maria  (Mumford)  Mason  ; 
grandson  of  Benjamin  and  Margaret  (Champlin) 
Mason  and  of  Benjamin  B.  Mumford,  and  a  de 
scendant  of  John  Howland  of  the  Mayflower ; 
of  the  Grants  of  Grant,  Scotland,  and  of  the 
Neaus  and  Ayraults  (Huguenots)  of  France.  He 
was  educated  in  Newport  and  was  employed  in 
a  dry-goods  establishment  in  New  York  city, 
1833-41,  leaving  in  1841  on  account  of  ill"  health. 
He  studied  art  in  Rome,  Florence  and  Paris,  1844- 
46,  and  on  his  return  to  the  United  States  devoted 
himself  to  landscape  painting  of  architectural 
subjects  in  Newport.  He  was  married,  Aug.  10, 
1848,  to  Frances  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Seth 
Hope  Dean  of  Newport.  After  1858  he  confined 
himself  to  architectural  drawing,  and  made  ar 
chitecture  his  profession.  He  was  a  director  of 
the  Redwood  library  at  Newport,  1838-94,  and  a 
trustee  of  the  Newport  hospital,  1873-94.  He 
edited  the  Newport  Mercury,  1831-58,  and  was  a 
correspondent  of  the  Providence  Journal  over  the 
signature  "  Aquidneck,"  1854-94,  and  of  the  New 
York  Evening  Post,  1876-94.  He  is  the  author  of  : 
Newport  and  its  Environs  (1848) ;  Pen  and  Pencil 
Sketches  of  Newport  (1854);  The  Application  of 
Art  to  Manufactures,  illustrated  (1858)  ;  George 
Ready,  a  story  (1858)  ;  Reunion  of  the  Sons  and 
Daughters  of  Newport  (1859)  ;  Newport  and  Its 
Cottages  (1875)  ;  The  Old  House  Altered  (1878)  ; 


The  Life  and  Works  of  Gilbert  Stuart  (1879)  » 
Reminiscences  of  Newport  ( 1884)  ;  Annals  of  J\'ed- 
wood  Library  (1891)  ;  Annals  of  Trinity  Church 
(1st  ser.,  1890;  2d  ser.,  1894).  He  died  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa.,  Jan.  30.  1894. 

MASON,  Harriet  Lawrence,  author,  was  born 
in  Keene,  N.H.,  Sept.  15,  1862;  daughter  of  An 
drew  R.  and  Lucy  (Lawrence)  Mason  ;  grand 
daughter  of  John  and  Hannah  (Woodward)  Law 
rence  and  of  Joseph  B.  and  Harriet  (Ormsby) 
Mason,  and  a  descendant  of  Hugh  Mason,  who 
settled  in  Watertown,  Mass.,  in  1630,  and  was  a 
brother  of  Capt.  John  Mason  of  Pequot  war  fame. 
She  was  graduated  from  the  State  Normal  school, 
Plymouth,  N.H.,  in  1882;  was  instructor  at 
Hampton,  Va.,  1883-84,  and  at  Bradford,  Pa., 
1884-90.  She  received  a  certificate  for  junior  and 
senior  English  in  Radcliffe  college,  1890-91  ;  was 
appointed  instructor  in  the  English  language  and 
literature  at  Drexel  institute,  Philadelphia,  Pa., 
in  1893,  and  was  advanced  to  the  professorship 
of  English  language  and  literature  there,  1901. 
She  is  the  author  of  :  American  Literature : 
a  Laboratory  Method  (1891)  ;  Students'  Readings 
and  Quest  ions  in  English  Literature  (1898)  ;  Syn 
onyms  Discriminated  (1898). 

MASON,  James  Brown,  representative,  was 
born  in  Thompson.  Conn.,  in  1774  ;  son  of  John 
and  Rose  Anna  (Brown)  Mason  and  a  descendant 
of  Samson  Mason,  an  officer  in  Cromwell's  army, 
who  came  to  America  in  1650,  and  settled  first  in 
Dorchester,  Mass.,  afterward  at  Rehoboth  and 
finally  in  Swansea.  James  was  graduated  at 
Brown  university  in  1791,  and  was  licensed  to  prac 
tise  medicine.  He  removed  to  Charleston,  S.C., 
where  he  practised,  1795-98,  and  engaged  in  busi 
ness  with  his  brother-in-law,  John  Brown,  at  Prov 
idence,  1798-1819.  He  was  a  representative  in  the- 
Rhode  Island  legislature  several  years  and  served 
as  speaker,  1812-14,  and  was  a  Federal  represen 
tative  in  the  14th  and  15th  congresses,  1815-19. 
He  was  a  trustee  of  Brown  university,  1H04-19. 
He  was  twice  married  :  first  in  South  Carolina, 
and  secondly,  July  16,  .1800.  to  Alice,  daughter  of 
John  and  Sarah  (Smith)  Brown  of  Rhode  Island. 
He  died  in  Providence,  R  I.,  Sept.  6,  1819. 

MASON,  James  Murray,  senator,  was  born  at 
Analosta,  Fairfax  county,  Va.,  Nov.  8,  1798  :  son 
of  Gen.  John  and  Anna  Maria  (Murray)  Mason 
and  grandson  of  George  and  Ann  (Eilbeck) 
Mason.  lie  was  graduated  at  the  University  of 
Pennsylvania,  A.B.,  1818,  A.M.,  1821.  and  at  the 
College  of  William  and  Mary,  LL.  B. .  1 820.  1  le  was 
a  lawyer  in  Winchester,  Va.,  1820-61  ;  a  repre 
sentative  in  the  house  of  delegates,  1826-32  ;  dele 
gate  to  the  Virginia  constitutional  convention  of 
1829  ;  presidential  elector,  1833,  voting  for  Jackson 
and  Van  Buren  :  and  representative  in  the  25th 
congress,  1837-39.  He  was  a  U.S.  senator  to  fill 


[390] 


MASON 


MASON 


U.S      SENATE    CHAMBER. 


the  vmexpired  term  of  I.  S.  Penuybacker,  deceased, 
1847-51,  and  for  tlie  two  succeeding  terms,  but 
he  did  not  complete  the  second  term,  which 
would  expire  March  3,  180'?.  by  reason  of  the 
secession  of  his  state  in  1H61,  and  he  was  suc- 

Jceeded    by 
!\V.  T.  Wil- 
fley.         He 
[  was  chair 
man  of  the 
committee 
ion  foreign 
rel  a  ti  o  n  s 
[for         ten 
years,  and 

was  the  author  of  the  "fugitive  slave  law"  of 
1850.  He  was  appointed,  with  John  Slidell,  Con 
federate  commissioner  to  Great  Britain  and 
France.  He  sailed  from  Charleston,  S.C.,  to 
Havana,  Cuba,  and  thence  took  passage  on  the 
British  mail-steamer  Trent  for  England.  The 
commissioners  were  captured  by  Capt.  Charles 
Wilkes,  commanding  the  U.S.  steamer  San  Ja- 
cinto,  Nov.  8, 1861,  and  with  their  secretaries  re 
moved  to  that  vessel  and  taken  to  Fort  Warren, 
Boston  harbor.  On  the  demand  of  the  British  gov 
ernment  Secretary  Seward  gave  up  the  prisoners, 
claiming  that  as  Captain  Wilkes  had  not  brought 
the  Trent  into  port  as  a  prize,  on  the  claim  of  carry 
ing  passengers  and  papers,  contraband  of  war,  the 
government  did  not  wish  to  sanction  "  right  of 
search,"  which  had  always  been  denied,  and  he 
therefore  released  the  prisoners.  On  their  re 
lease,  Jan.  2,  1862,  they  proceeded  to  London  and 
remained  there  representing  the  Confederate 
government  until  its  end  in  April,  1865.  Mr. 
Mason  then  went  to  Canada,  and  returned  to 
Virginia  in  1868.  He  was  married  to  Eliza  Mar- 
garetta,  daughter  of  Benjamin  and  Katharine 
{Banning)  Chew  of  Philadelphia.  He  died  near 
Alexandria,  Va.,  April  28,  1871. 

MASON,  Jeremiah,  senator,  was  born  in 
Lebanon,  Conn.,  April  27,  1768;  son  of  Col.  Jere 
miah  (1730-1813)  and  Elizabeth  (Fitch)  (1732- 
1809)  Mason  ;  grandson  of  Jeremiah  Mason  (1705- 
99),  and  fifth  in  descent  through  Daniel  and 
Daniel2  (1676)  from  John  Mason,  the  hero  of  the 
Pequot  war.  He  was  graduated  at  Yale,  A.B., 
1788,  A.M.j  1796  ;  studied  law,  and  removed  to 
Vermont,  where  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  iu 
1791.  He  then  went  to  New  Hampshire  and  prac 
tised  in  Westmoreland,  1791-94,  Walpole,  1794-97, 
and  Portsmouth,  1798-1832,  where  he  became  the 
friend  of  Daniel  Webster  and  his  opponent  in 
many  important  trials,  1807-38.  He  was  ap 
pointed  attorney-general  of  the  state  in  1802 ; 
was  elected  U.S.  senator  in  1813  and  resigned  his 
seat  in  1817  in  order  to  devote  himself  to  the 
practise  of  his  profession.  He  subsequently  served 


for  several  terms  in  the  New  Hampshire  leg 
islature  and  as  president  of  the  Portsmouth 
branch  of  the  Bank  of  the  United  States,  1825-29, 
his  reappointment  by  President  Jackson  in  1829 
causing  the  vote  which  led  to  the  repeal  of  the 
charter  of  the  Bank  of  the  United  States.  He 
removed  to  Boston,  Mass.,  in  1832,  and  left  the  bar 
in  1838,  but  continued  as  chamber  counsel  up  to 
the  time  of  his  death.  He  was  married,  Nov.  9, 
1799,  to  Mary,  daughter  of  Col.  Robert  and  Mary 
Means  of  Amherst,  N.H.,  and  their  sons  were: 
George  Means  (1800-65),  Dr.  Alfred  (1804-28), 
James  Jeremiah  (1806-35),  Robert  Means,  and 
the  Rev.  Charles  ( 1812-62).  Senator  Mason  received 
the  honorary  degree  of  LL.D.  from  Bowdoin  in 
1815,  Harvard  in  1817  and  Dartmouth  in  1823. 
He  died  in  Boston,  Mass.,  Oct.  14,  1848. 

MASON,  John,  soldier,  was  born  in  the  north 
of  England  in  1601.  The  first  record  of  him  is  as 
a  lieutenant  under  Sir  Thomas  Fairfax,  serving  in 
the  Low  Countries  from  April  to  July,  1630.  He 
appeared  in  Dor 
chester  before 
December,  1632, 
to  serve  as  magis 
trate  of  Massa- 
c  h  u  s  e  1 1  s  Bay 
colony  in  search 
ing  for  a  pirate 
named  Bull.  In 
1634  he  was  one 
of  a  committee 
to  plan  the  for- 
tifications  of 
Boston  harbor 
and  erect  a  battery 
on  Castle  island. 
In  March,  1635, 
he  was  elected 
to  represent  Dorchester  in  the  general  court,  and 
was  given  permission  by  that  body  to  accompany 
a  small  band  of  the  pioneers  who  opened  the 
way  for  settlers  desiring  to  found  new  homes 
on  the  banks  of  the  Connecticut  river.  These 
pioneers  were  followed  in  June  by  a  consider 
able  body  under  Hooker  and  Stone,  and 
they  made  settlements  at  Windsor,  where  Cap 
tain  Mason  was  magistrate,  and  also  at  Hartford 
and  Wethersfield,  and  in  16S6  they  numbered  800, 
250  of  whom  were  capable  of  bearing  arms. 
When  30  of  the  settlers  had  fallen  victims 
to  the  400  savages  who  surrounded  them,  the 
general  court  of  Connecticut  asked  aid  of  the 
Plymouth  and  Massachusetts  Bay  colonies,  and 
they  agreed  to  furnish  40  and  160  men  respec 
tively  to  help  suppress  the  Indians.  Connecticut 
raised  90  men,  under  command  of  Captain 
Mason,  and  on  May  1,  1636.  war  was  declared 
against  the  Pequofc  tribe.  Ou  May  10  Mason 


[391 J 


MASON 


MASON 


started  down  the  river,  arriving  at  Say  brook, 
May  17,  where  Captain  Underhill  joined  him 
with  20  men.  This  enabled  Mason  to  send  20  of 
his  own  men  to  protect  the  women  and  children 
at  Windsor,  and  the  expedition  proceeded  on  May 
19  to  the  Narragansett  country  outside  the  Con 
necticut  boundary,  although  this  was  contrary  to 
the  instructions  of  the  general  court.  Arriving 
on  Saturday  evening.  May  20,  they  remained  in 
their  boats  over  the  Sabbath,  and  were  detained 
by  a  storm  till  Tuesday,  when  they  landed  at  the 
foot  of  the  hill  overlooking  Point  Judith,  where 
Mason  called  upon  Canonicus,  chief  of  the  Narra- 
gansetts,  for  safe  passage  through  his  country  in 
order  to  punish  their  common  enemy,  the  Pequots. 
Here  he  received  notice  from  Roger  Williams  of 
the  arrival  of  Captain  Patrick  with  40  men  from 
Massachusetts  bay.  Mason,  however,  impatient 
to  take  the  Pequots  by  surprise,  decided  not  to 
wait  for  Patrick's  arrival,  and  he  sent  his  boats 
to  the  mouth  of  the  Pequot  river  and  with  77 
white  men,  60  Mohegan  and  200  Narragansett 
Indians,  he  took  up  the  march,  and  the  next  day 
was  joined  by  Uncas  witli  200  Niantic  Indians. 
Mason  surprised  the  Pequot  fort,  May  26,  gained 
entrance  to  the  camp  with  16  men,  while  Captain 
Underhill,  also  with  16  men,  effected  an  entrance 
on  the  other  side.  The  remaining  colonists  with 
the  friendly  Indian  allies  formed  a  line  that 
reached  entirely  around  the  fort  and  prevented 
the  escape  of  the  enemy.  Captain  Mason  or 
dered  his  men  to  apply  the  torch  and  in  a  few 
minutes  the  entire  camp  was  on  fire.  In  the 
confusion  the  32  attacking  colonists  took  their 
place  with  the  other  guards,  and  the  Indians  were 
slain  as  they  emerged  from  the  fort.  Only  7 
Pequot  warriors  escaped  and  7  were  made  pris 
oners.  The  300  Pequots  occupying  the  other 
fort  under  Sassaeus  fled  panic  stricken  and  were 
mercilessly  driven  before  the  retiring  colonists  as 
far  as  Saybrook,  the  remnant  escaping  into  New 
York.  This  decisive  action  put  an  end  to  Indian 
wars  in  New  England  for  forty  years.  The  gen 
eral  court  of  Connecticut,  on  Mason's  return  to 
Hartford,  made  him  chief  military  commander  of 
the  colony,  with  the  rank  of  major,  which  was 
equivalent  to  major-general.  His  action  in  slay 
ing  the  Pequots  was  approved  by  Roger  Williams, 
who  designated  him  a  "blessed  instrument  of 
peace  for  all  Ne\vEngland."  He  removed  to  Say- 
brook  when  that  fort  passed  to  the  control  of  the 
colony,  and  he  was  made  captain  of  the  fort  and 
commander  of  the  forces  of  the  united  colo 
nies.  In  1659  he  settled  in  Norwich,  which 
place  he  helped  to  found.  He  was  a  magistrate, 
1643-68,  and  deputy  governor,  1660-70.  The  com 
monwealth  erected  a  monument  to  his  memory  on 
Pequot  Hill,  Groton,  Conn.,  surmounted  by  a 
heroic-size  statue  iu  bronze.  It  was  unveiled 


June  26,  1889.  He  wrote  an  account  of  the 
Pequot  war,  which  was  published  by  Increase 
Mather  in  his  Relation  of  Troubles  by  the  Indians 
(1677).  He  died  in  Norwich,  Conn.,  Jan.  30,  1672. 

MASON,  John,  clergyman,  was  born  near 
Mid-Calder,  Linlithgow,  Scotland,  in  1734.  His 
father  was  a  farmer,  and  both  his  parents 
died  when  he  was  a  boy.  He  was  brought  up 
in  the  Associate  or  Secession  church  of  Scotland  ; 
was  graduated  at  Abernethy,  1753  ;  pursued  his 
theological  studies  there  under  the  Rev.  Alexan 
der  Moncrieff,  and  in  1754  could  speak  Latin  flu 
ently.  He  was  assistant  professor  in  logic  and 
moral  philosophy  at  Abernethy,  1758-61,  and 
was  ordained  to  the  ministry  of  the  Associate 
Reformed  church  in  1761  and  was  made  pastor  of 
the  Scotch  Presbyterian  church  in  Cedar  street, 
New  York  city,  serving  1761-92.  At  his  sugges 
tion  the  synod  in  Scotland  sent  a  number  of  clergy 
men  to  America.  His  efforts  to  effect  a  union  be 
tween  the  Burgher  and  Anti-Burgher  parties  in 
America  were  successful,  but  caused  his  name  to 
be  erased  from  the  synod  in  Scotland.  He  also 
effected  the  union  of  the  several  presbyteries, 
June  13,  1782,  and  he  served  as  the  first  moder 
ator  of  the  Associate  Reformed  church  in  the 
general  synod  of  October,  1783.  He  was  a  chap 
lain  in  the  American  army  during  the  British 
occupancy  of  the  city  of  New  York  ;  was  a  trustee 
of  the  College  of  New  Jersey,  1779-85,  and  re 
ceived  the  degree  of  D.D.  from  that  institution  in 
1786.  He  was  married,  first,  to  Catherine  Van 
Wyck  of  New  York  city,  who  died  June  31,  1784, 
and,  secondly,  to  Sarah  Van  Alstine  of  New  York. 
He  was  a  writer  on  ecclesiastical  subjects.  He 
died  in  New  York  city,  April  19.  1792. 

MASON,  John  Mitchell,  educator,  was  born 
in  New  York  city,  March  li).  1770  ;  son  of  the 
Rev.  John  and  Catherine  (Van  Wyck)  Mason. 
He  was  prepared  for  college  under  his  father  :  was 
graduated  a.t  Columbia  in  1789  ;  was  a  student  in 
the  University  of  Scotland. 
1791-92,  and  was  recalled  to 
the  United  States  by  the 
deatli  of  his  father  in  1792. 
He  was  licensed  by  the  As 
sociate  Reformed  Presbytery 
of  Pennsylvania,.  Oct.  18, 
1792.  and  installed  as  pastor 
of  the  Cedar  Street  church, 
as  successor  to  his  father,  in 
was  married,  May  13,  1793,  to  Ann,  daughter 
of  Abraham  Leiferts  of  New  York  city.  He 
visited  Scotland  in  1801,  to  obtain  competent 
evangelical  ministers  for  duty  in  the  United 
States,  and  in  September,  1802,  proposed 
a  theological  seminary,  subject  to  the  direction  of 
the  Associate  Reformed  church,  which  movement 
resulted  in  the  Union  Theological  seminary.  He 


New    York  city, 
April,    1793.     He 


[392] 


MASON 


MASON 


established  the  Christian  Magazine  in  January, 
1807,  and  edited  it  for  several  years.  He  resigned 
his  pastorate  in  1810,  formed  a  new  congregation, 
and  while  a  new  church  was  being  built  held 
meetings  in  the  Presbyterian  church  on  Cedar 
street  ;  this  action  resulted  in  a  charge  being 
brought  against  him  at  the  meeting  of  the  synod 
in  Philadelphia  in  1811,  but  the  synod  refused  to 
censure  him.  He  was  a  trustee  of  Columbia  col 
lege,  1793-1821,  and  provost,  1811-16  ;  travelled  in 
France,  Italy  and  Switzerland,  1816-17,  and  re 
signed  his  pastoral  duties  in  February,  1821,  on 
account  of  his  increasing  infirmities.  He  was 
president  of  Dickinson  college,  Carlisle,  Pa., 
1821-24.  and  in  1822  transferred  his  relations  from 
the  Associate  Reformed  church  to  the  Presbytery 
of  New  York,  and  returned  to  New  York  city  in 
1824.  He  received  the  degree  of  A.M.  from  the 
College  of  New  Jersey  in  1794,  and  that  of  D.D. 
from  the  University  of  Pennsylvania  in  1804. 
He  is  the  author  of  many  essays,  orations  and 
sermons  and  of  :  Letter  on  Frequent  Communion 
(1798)  ;  A  Plea  for  Sacramental  Communion  on 
Catholic  Principles  (1816).  His  son,  Ebenezer 
Mason,  prepared  The  Writings  of  the  late  John 
M.  Mason  (4  vols.,  1832)  ;  and  his  son-in-law,  the 
Rev.  Jacob  Van  Vechten,  D.D.,  Memories  of  John 
M.  Mason,  D.D.  (2  vols.,  1830).  He  died  in 
New  York  city.  Dec.  26,  1829. 

MASON,  John  Sanford,  soldier,  was  born  in 
Steubenville.  Ohio.  Aug.  21,  1824.  He  was  grad 
uated  at  the  U.S.  Military  academy  in  1847  and 
was  assigned  to  the  3d  artillery  as  2d  lieutenant. 
He  was  in  the  Mexican  war,  1847-48,  and  was  com 
missioned  1st  lieutenant  Sept.  7, 1850,  and  captain, 
and  assigned  to  the  llth  infantry  May  14,  1861. 
He  was  commissioned  colonel  of  the  4th  Ohio 
volunteers  Oct.  3,  1861,  and  his  regiment  was  as 
signed  to  the  1st  brigade,  3d  division,  2d  army 
corps,  and  in  the  battle  of  Fredericksburg  he  com 
manded  the  brigade  after  Gen.  Nathan  Kimball 
was  wounded.  He  was  bre vetted  major,  Sept. 
17,  1862,  for  Antietam,  lieutenant-colonel,  Dec. 
13,  1862.  for  Fredericksburg,  and  colonel  and 
brigadier-general,  March  13,  1865,  for  "gallant 
and  meritorious  services  during  the  war " 
and  "  in  the  field."  He  was  commissioned 
brigadier-general  of  volunteers  Nov.  29,  1862,  and 
accepted  his  commission  Jan.  9,  1863.  He  was 
mustered  out  of  the  volunteer  service  April  30, 
1866.  He  was  promoted  major,  17th  infantry 
Oct.  14,  1864,  transferred  to  the  35th  infantry 
Sept.  21,  1866,  to  the  15th  infantry  March  15,  1869; 
he  was  promoted  lieutenant-colonel  4th  infan 
try  Dec.  11,  1873,  transferred  to  the  20th  in 
fantry  Feb.  25,  1881,  became  colonel  of  the  9th 
infantry  April  2,  1883  and  was  retired  by  opera 
tion  of  law  Aug.  21,  1888.  He  died  in  Washing 
ton,  D.C.,  Nov.  29,  1897. 


MASON,  John  Young,  cabinet  officer,  was  born 
in  Greenesville  county,  Va.,  April  18,  1799.  He 
was  graduated  at  the  University  of  North  Carolina 
in  1816  ;  studied  law  in  Litchfield,  Conn.,  1816- 
19  ;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1819,  and  settled 
in  practice  in  Hicksford,  Va.  He  represented 
Southampton  county  in  the  Virginia  legislature, 
1819-29  ;  was  a  judge  of  the  superior  court,  1829- 
31  ;  a  member  of  the  state  constitutional  con 
vention  in  1829  ;  a  representative  from  Virginia  in 
the  22d,  23d  and  24th  congresses,  1831-37,  where 
he  was  chairman  of  the  committee  on  foreign 
affairs.  He  resigned  Jan.  11,  1837,  having  been 
appointed  by  President  Van  Buren  judge  of  the 
U.S.  district  court  for  the  district  of  Virginia,  and 
served  1837-44.  He  was  appointed  secretary  of 
the  navy  by  President  Tyler,  March  14,  1844,  to 
fill  the  vacancy  caused  by  the  death  of  Thomas 
W.  Gilmer  and  served  until  the  close  of  Tyler's 
administration.  He  was  appointed  attorney- 
general  in  the  cabinet  of  President  Polk  March  5, 


THE   OLD    NAVY    PEP'T.  BUILPIAK-,  .WASH  INC  TO/Y   D.C 

1845  ;  was  transferred  to  the  navy  department  as 
successor  to  George  Bancroft,  resigned,  Sept.  9, 
1846,  and  served  until  March  3,  1849.  He  was  a 
lawyer  in  Richmond,  Va.,  1849-54  ;  president  of 
the  state  constitutional  convention  in  1850,  and 
U.S.  minister  to  France,  1854-59.  He  received 
an  LL.D.  from  the  University  of  North  Carolina, 
1845.  He  died  in  Paris,  France,  Oct.  3,  1859. 

MASON,  Jonathan,  senator,  was  born  in  Bos 
ton,  Mass.,  Aug.  30,  1752  ;  son  of  Deacon  Jona 
than  Mason  of  the  Old  South  church.  He  pre 
pared  for  college  at  the  Boston  Latin  school  ; 
was  graduated  at  the  College  of  New  Jersey  in 
1774  ;  studied  law  under  John  Adams,  and  was 
admitted  to  the  Suffolk  bar  in  1777,  practising 
in  Boston,  1777-1831.  He  was  one  of  the  ninety- 
six  attestators  of  the  Boston  Massacre,  being  in 
King  street,  Boston,  on  the  evening  of  March  5, 
1770,  about  ten  o'clock,  where  he  overheard  the 
conversation  between  the  lieutenant-governor 
and  Captain  Preston,  an  officer  of  the  king's 
troops.  He  delivered  the  official  oration  before 
the  authorities  of  Boston  on  the  tenth  anni- 
versery  of  the  massacre,  March  5,1780.  He  was 
married,  April  13,  1779,  to  Susanna,  daughter  of" 


[393] 


MASON 


MASON 


William  Powell.     He  was  a  representative  in  tlie      contained  some  of  his  own  compositions,  and  was 


state  legislature  several  terms  and  a  member 
of  the  governor's  council  in  1798.  He  was 
Elected  to  the  U.S.  senate  to  fill  the  vacancy 
caused  by  the  resignation  of  Benjamin  Goodhue 
of  Salem,  and  served  from  Dec.  19,  1800,  to 
March  3,  1803.  He  was  a  representative  in  the 
15th  and  16th  congresses,  1817-20,  and  resigned 
his  seat  May  15,  1820,  after  voting  for  the  Mis 
souri  compromise  March  3,  1820.  He  died  in 
Boston,  Mass.,  Nov.  1,  1831. 

MASON,  Joseph,  representative,  was  born  at 
Plattsburg.  N.Y.,  March  30,  1828;  son  of  Joseph 
and  Sally  (Moore)  Mason  and  grandson  of  Aaron 
Mason.  He  removed  to  Hamilton,  N.Y.,  in 
1840  ;  attended  Hamilton  academy  and  Madi 
son  university  ;  studied  law  under  his  brother, 
Charles  Mason,  afterward  judge  of  the  court  of 
appeals  in  New  York,  and  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1849.  He  was  married,  April  27,  1858,  to 
Cornelia  R.,  daughter  of  Stephen  G.  Seal's  of  De 
Ruyrter,  N.  Y.  He  received  the  honorary  degree 
of  A.M.  from  Madison  university  in  1859.  He 
was  county  judge  for  Madison  county,  1864-68  ; 
collector  for  the  24th  internal  revenue  district 
of  New  York,  1871-76  ;  and  Republican  represen 
tative  from  the  24th  district  in  the  46th  and  47th 
congresses,  1879-83.  After  the  close  of  his  second 
congressional  term  he  engaged  in  the  practice  of 
the  law  at  Hamilton,  N.Y. ,  and  was  so  occupied 
in  1901. 

MASON,  Lowell,  musician,  was  born  in  Med 
field,  Mass.,  Jan.  8,  1792  ;  son  of  Johnson  and 
Katy  (Hartshorn)  Mason  ;  grandson  of  Bara- 
chias  and  Love  (Whitney)  Battelle  Mason,  and 
a.  descendant  of  Robert  Mason  of  England,  who 

came  to  America 
with  John  Winthrop's 
company,  1630,  and 
was  an  original  land 
holder  in  Dedham, 
Mass.,  in  1642.  John 
son  Mason  was  one 
of  the  pioneers  in  the 
straw-weaving  trade 
of  Medfield  ;  a  col 
onel  of  the  Massa 
chusetts  militia  and 
a  representative  in 
the  general  court, 
1809-11,  1821  and 
1843.  Lowell  taught 
himself  to  play  every 

instrument  that  came  within  his.  reach  and 
at  the  age  of  sixteen  trained  and  conducted 
a  church  choir  in  Medfield.  He  was  em 
ployed  as  a  bank  clerk  in  Savannah,  Ga..  1812- 
27  ;  gave  lessons  in  singing,  conducted  choirs, 
and  arranged  a  series  of  sacred  music,  which 


published  by  the  Handel  and  Haydn  society  as 
the  "  Boston  Handel  and  Haydn  Society's  Col 
lection  of  Church  Music"  (1822).  He  removed 
to  Boston,  Mass.,  in  1827,  and  was  elected  presi 
dent  of  the  Handel  and  Haydn  society,  1827-32. 
He  established  singing-classes,  and  taught  a  sys 
tem  which  was  an  application  of  the  Pestalozzian 
principles.  With  George  James  Webb,  he  estab 
lished  the  Boston  Academy  of  Music  in  1832,  and 
he  promoted  schools  for  instrumental  music,  for 
voice  culture,  and  for  the  training  of  teachers  in 
different  parts  of  the  United  States.  He  visited 
Europe  in  1837  to  make  himself  acquainted  with 
didactic  methods,  especially'  those  used  in  Ger 
many.  In  1838  he  was  granted  the  privilege  of 
teaching  his  method  in  the  public  schools  of 
Boston.  During  his  later  years  he  tried  to  estab 
lish  congregational  singing  in  churches,  and  gave 
his  time  to  musical  study  and  composition.  After 
a  second  visit  to  Europe,  1850-51,  he  settled  in  New 
York,  and  in  1854  he  removed  to  Orange,  N.J., 
where  he  was  a  founder  of  the  Valley  Church.  He 
received  the  degree  of  Mus.D.  from  the  University 
of  the  City  of  New  York  in  1855.  At  his  death  his 
valuable  musical  library  was  presented  by  his  heirs 
to  Yale  university.  He  was  married,  Sept.  .3, 1817, 
to  Abigail  Gregory  and  had  four  sons  Daniel  Greg 
ory,  Lowell,  William  and  Henry.  He  compiled, 
composed  and  published  numerous  collections  of 
songs,  sacred,  secular  and  educational,  most  of 
which  had  a  wide  circulation.  The  Juvenile 
Psalmist  (1829)  was  said  to  be  the  first  music 
book  ever  published  for  Sunday  schools.  Of  his 
American  Tune  Book  (1841)  more  than  600.000 
copies  had  been  sold  at  the  time  of  his  death, 
which  occurred  at  Orange,  N.J.,  Aug.  11,  1872. 

MASON,  Luther  Whiting,  educator,  was  born 
in  Turner,  Maine,  April  3,  1821.  He  was  left  an 
orphan  in  1838,  gave  his  attention  to  music, 
and  by  teaching  paid  his  tuition  at  an  academy. 
He  was  superintendent  of  music  in  the  public 
schools  of  Louisville,  Ky. ,  and  Cincinnati,  Ohio, 
1853-61,  using  his  system  of  teaching  by  note 
from  charts  adapted  for  different  grades.  He 
was  a  drum-major  in  the  Federal  army,  1861-65, 
and  was  musical  instructor  in  the  public  schools 
of  Boston,  Mass.,  1865-80.  He  demonstrated  his 
method  at  the  Centennial  Exposition  in  Philadel 
phia,  Pa.,  1876,  and  his  system  was  favorably 
reported  to  the  Japanese  government.  He  was 
in  Japan,  1880-83,  superintending  musical  in 
struction  in  the  public  schools,  directing  a  school 
of  music,  including  an  orchestra  of  European  and 
Japanese  instruments  ;  giving  lessons  in  the  homes 
of  the  nobility  and  holding  tri-weekly  meet 
ings  with  the. musicians  and  poets  of  the  Mikado's 
household,  and  on  leaving  Japan  received  the 
personal  thanks  of  the  empress,  gifts  from  the 


[304] 


MASON 


MASON 


Mikado  (which  he  presented  to  the  Boston  Art 
Museum),  and  the  doctor's  degree  from  Tokio 
university.  He  resumed  his  work  in  Boston, 
1883,  and  subsequently  spent  some  months  in 
•study  at  Berlin  and  Leipzig  for  the  purpose  of 
improving  his  system.  He  published  his  system 
at  his  own  expense  and  in  six  months  had  met 
the  entire  investment  of  $10,000  from  the  sale  of 
books  and  charts.  His  plan  of  teaching  grew 
into  the  "  National  System."  used  in  schools 
throughout  the  United  States  and  in  Germany, 
and  was  the  foundation  of  the  publishing  house 
of  Ginn  &  Co.,  Boston.  His  services  were  ac 
knowledged  by  a  public  reception  tendered  him 
in  Boston,  Mass.,  May  25,  1895.  He  died  in 
Buckfield,  Maine,  July  14,  189(5. 

MASON,  Moses,  representative,  was  born  in 
Oxford  county,  Maine,  June  2,  1789  ;  son  of 
Moses  and  Eunice  (Ayers)  Mason  ;  grandson  of 
Moses  and  Lydia  (Knap)  Mason  and  of  William 
Avers,  and  a  descendant  of  Capt.  Hugh  Mason, 
who  settled  in  Watertown,  Mass.,  in  1034.  He 
studied  medicine  in  the  office  of  his  brother-in- 
law,  Dr.  James  Ayers,  and  began  to  practice 
at  Bethel  Hill,  Maine,  in  1813.  He  was  appointed 
the  first  postmaster  at  Bethel  in  1814.  He  was 
married,  June  15,  1815,  to  Agnes  Straw  of  New- 
field.  He  was  justice  of  the  peace,  1821-66  ; 
county  commissioner,  1831-34;  a  Democratic 
representative  in  the  23d  and  24th  congresses, 
1833-37  ;  and  a  member  of  the  governor's  council 
in  1843  and  1845.  He  was  made  a  trustee  of  the 
insane  hospital  in  1844  ;  was  a  selectman  of  the 
town  for  fourteen  years,  and  was  president  of 
Gould's  academy,  1854-66.  He  died  at  Bethel, 
Maine,  June  25,  1866. 

MASON,  Otis  Tufton,  ethnologist  was  born 
in  Eastport.  Me.,  April  10,  1838  ;  son  of  John  and 
Rachel  (Lincoln)  Mason  ;  grandson  of  Tufton 
Mason,  and  a  descendant  of  Capt.  John  Mason, 
the  founder  of  New  Hampshire  and  the  explorer 
of  the  New  England  coast  in  1617.  His  father 
was  engaged  for  years  in  the  New  England,  Vir 
ginia  and  West  India  trade,  but  in  1840  lost  his 
fortune  and  removed  his  family  to  New  Jersey, 
residing  at  Red  Bank  and  Haddonfield.  He 
purchased  a  part  of  the  Mt.  Vernon  estate  called 
"  Woodhuvn "  from  the  Lewis  family  in  1849; 
removed  his  family  to  Virginia  in  that  year  and 
engaged  in  farming.  Otis  received  a  preparatory 
education  at  home,  and  was  graduated  at 
Columbian  college,  A.B.,  1860,  A.M.,  1862,  and 
taught  school  to  procure  the  necessary  tuition. 
He  was  principal  of  Columbian  College  prepara 
tory  school,  1861-84,  and  from  1870  devoted 
himself  to  the  study  of  ethnology  and  anthro 
pology  in  its  widest  sense.  He  was  married,  Oct. 
23,  1862,  to  Sarah,  daughter  of  John  and  Emily 
Henderson  of  Alexandria,  Va.  He  worked  on 


the  principle  that  the  apparatus  and  methods  of 
the  naturalist  may  be  applied  to  the  study  of  our 
race  and  that  anthropology  should  be  in  the 
strictest  sense  the  natural  history  of  man.  He 
was  professor  of  anthropology  in  Columbian 
university,  1884-98,  and  curator  of  the  department 
of  ethnology  in  the  U.S.  National  museum  at 
Washington,  D.C.,  1884-1901.  He  was  an  hono 
rary  and  corresponding  member  of  many  Amer 
ican  and  European  scientific  societies  arid 
received  the  decoration  of  Orhcier  de  1'Instruc- 
tion  Publique  from  the  French  government  in 
1889.  He  received  the  degree  of  Ph.D.  in  1879 
and  LL.D.  in  1897,  from  Columbian  -university, 
and  was  elected  a  trustee  of  that  institution  in 
1889.  He  contributed  to  the  American  Naturalist 
and  to  the  publications  of  the  Smithsonian  Insti 
tution  and  the  U.S.  National  museum,  and  is  the 
author  of  :  The  Antiquities  of  Ouadaloupe  (1885); 
The  Hnpa  Indian  Industries  (1886);  Cradles  of 
the  North  American  Indians  (1887);  Woman's 
Sluire  in  Primitive  Culture  (1894);  Primitive 
Transportation  (1894);  and  Origin  of  Inventions 
(1895). 

MASON,  Richard  Sharpe,  educator,  was  born 
in  Barbadoes,  W.I.,  Dec.  29,  1795  ;  son  of  Philip 
and  Martha  (Sharpe)  Mason.  He  was  brought 
to  the  United  States  in  1807  by  his  mother  and 
uncle,  who  settled  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  was 
graduated  at  the  University  of  Pennsylvania, 
A.B.,  1812,  A.M.,  1816  ;  studied  theology,  and  was 
made  deacon  in  the  Protestant  Episcopal  church 
in  1817,  and  priest  in  1820.  He  was  rector  of 
Christ  church,  New  Berne,  N.C.,  1818-28;  of 
Trinity  church,  Geneva,  N.Y., 
1828-30;  president  and  Charles  j 
Sartain  professor  of  evidences  \ 
of  Christianity,  Hobart  col-l 
lege,  Geneva,  N.Y.,  1830-35; 
president  of  Newark  college, 
Newark,  Del.,  1835-40,  and 
rector  of  Christ  church, 
Raleigh,  N.C.,  1840-74.  He  was 
mai'ried  in  1823  to  Mary  Ann, 
daughter  of  John  Council 
Bryan  of  New  Berne,  N.C.  He  was  president  of  the 
annual  diocesan  conventions,  president  of  the 
standing  committee  of  the  diocese,  and  deputy  to 
the  general  conventions  of  the  Protestant  Episco 
pal  church  from  the  diocese  of  North  Carolina 
for  many  years.  He  was  a  trustee  of  Hobart 
college,  1829-35,  and  received  the  degree  of  D.D. 
from  the  University  of  Pennsylvania  in  1830. 
He  is  the  author  of  :  A  Letter  to  the  Bishop  of 
North  Carolina  on  the  Subject  of  his  Late  Pastoral 
(1850),  and  Baptism  of  Infants  Defended  from  the 
Objections  of  Antipwdo  Baptists,  edited  by  his 
son,  the  Rev.  Richard  Henry  Mason  (1874).  He 
died  in  Raleigh,  N.C.,  Feb.  21,  1874. 

[395] 


MASON 


MASON 


MASON,    Rufus   Osgood,    physician  and   au-      and  27th  congresses,  1835-43  ;  a  representative  ins 


thor,  was  born  in  Sullivan.  N.H.,  Jan.  22,  1830  ; 
son  of  Rufus  and  Prudence  (Woods)  Mason  ; 
grandson  of  Bela  and  Sally  (Norcross)  Mason,  and 
a  descendant  in  the  seventh  generation  from 
Capt.  Hugh  and  Hester  Mason,  who  sailed  from 
Ipswich,  England,  in  April,  1634,  and  settled  in 
Watertown,  Mass.,  where  Capt.  Hugh  was  select 
man,  deputy  to  the  general  assembly,  member  of 
the  council  of  war,  and  captain  of  militia,  which 
he  led  against  the  Manhattoes  in  1664,  and  in  the 
Sudbury  fight  in  King  Philip's  war.  Rufus  Os 
good  Mason  was  prepared  for  college  at  Thetford, 
Vt.,  academy;  was  graduated  at  Dartmouth, 
A.B.,  1854.  A.M.,  1868,  and  studied  at  Union 
Theological  seminary,  1854-55.  He  was  graduated 
M.U.  (valedictorian)  from  the  College  of  Physi 
cians  and  Surgeons,  New  York  city,  1859  ;  was 
acting  assistant  surgeon,  U.S.N.,  on  board  the 
steamer  Santiago  de  Cuba,  1861-64  ;  took  up  the 
practice  of  medicine  in  New  York  city  in  1864, 
and  was  attending  physician,  Northwestern 
dispensary,  1864-69.  He  was  married,  July  3, 
1871,  to  Marian  Isabel  Goodwin  of  New  York 
city,  and  secondly  to  Charlotte  Van  der  Veer 
Quick  of  Princeton,  N.J.  He  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  New  York  County  Medical 
society  in  1877  ;  of  the  Academy  of  Medicine, 
New  York,  1889,  and  of  the  Society  for  Psychical 
Research,  1891.  He  is  the  author  of:  books — 
Sketches  and  Impressions  (1887);  Telepathy  and 
the  Sublimenal  Self  (1897);  Hypnotism  and  Sug 
gestion  in  Therapeutics,  Education  and  Reform 
(1901);  pamphlets — Duplex  Personality,  its  Rela 
tion  to  Hypnotism  and  to  Lucidity  (1895);  Edu 
cational  Uses  of  Hypnotism  (1896);  Alternating 
Personalities,  their  Origin  and  Medico-Legal 
Aspect  (1896);  The  Neiv  Therapeutics  (1899),  and 
numerous  contributions  on  psychological  sub 
jects  to  various  periodicals. 

MASON,  Samson,  representative,  was  born  in 
Fort  Ann,  N.Y.,  July  24,  1793  ;  son  of  Halle  and 
Hannah  (Pierce)  Mason  ;  grandson  of  Samson 
(2d)  and  Hannah  Haile  (Hale)  Mason,  and  a 
descendant  of  Samson  (1st)  and  Mary  (Butter- 
worth)  Mason.  Samson  Mason  (1st)  was  a 
"Dragoon  in  Cromwell's  Ironsides,"  came  to 
Dorchester,  Mass.,  in  1649,  removed  to  Rehoboth 
in  1657,  and  was  the  founder  of  Swansea,  Mass. 
He  received  his  education  in  the  public  and  law 
school  at  Ouondaga,  N.Y.,  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  and  settled  in  practice  in  Springfield,  Ohio, 
in  1819.  He  was  prosecuting  attorney  for  Clark 
county  in  1822  ;  a  member  of  the  state  senate, 
1829-31,  and  chairman  of  the  committee  that 
revised  the  statutes  of  the  state  in  1830,  and  was 
a  candidate  for  presidential  elector  on  the  Clay 
ticket  in  1832.  He  was  a  Whig  representative 
from  the  tenth  Ohio  district  in  the  24th,  25th,  20th 


the  Ohio  legislature,  1845-46  ;  U.S.  attorney  for 
Ohio  during  Fillmore's  administration,  1850-53  ; 
a  state  senator,  1362-64  ;  and  a  delegate  to  the 
Ohio  constitutional  convention  of  1850-51.  He- 
served  as  captain,  colonel,  brigadier-general  and 
major-general  in  the  state  militia.  He  was  mar 
ried  to  Minerva,  daughter  of  Dr.  William  Need- 
ham  of  Springfield,  Ohio.  Of  their  children, 
Rodney,  born  Oct.  20,  1824,  was  a  colonel  in  the 
civil  war  and  became  a  resident  of  Springfield, 
Ohio  ;  Emily,  born  Nov.  15,  1827,  married  Judge 
Daniel  Hay nes  of  Dayton,  Ohio,  and  Gen.  Edwin 
Cooley  (q.v.)  died  in  1898.  Gen.  Samson  Mason 
died  in  Springfield,  Ohio.  Feb.  1,  1869. 

MASON,  Stevens  Thomson,  senator,  was 
born  in  Stafford  county,  Va.,  in  1760  ;  son  of 
Judge  Thomson  Mason  and  grandson  of  George 
and  Ann  (Thomson)  Mason.  He  was  a  student 
at  the  College  of  William  and  Mary  ;  served  as  a 
volunteer  aide  to  General  Washington  at  York- 
town  and  became  a  brigadier-general  in  the  Vir 
ginia  militia.  He  was  a  representative  in  the 
house  of  delegates  and  a  delegate  to  the  state 
constitutional  convention  of  1788.  In  May,  1794, 
on  the  resignation  of  Senator  James  Monroe  to 
accept  the  tmission  to  France,  Mr.  Mason  was 
elected  to  complete  the  term  expiring  March  3, 
1797,  and  he  was  elected  for  a  full  term  expiring 
March  3,  1803.  In  the  senate  he  opposed  the 
adoption  of  the  Jay  treaty  and  gave  a  full  copy 
of  the  treaty  to  the  Philadelphia  Aurora,  where 
it  was  first  published.  He  died  in  Philadelphia, 
Pa.,  May  10,  1803. 

MASON,  Stevens  Thomson,  governor  of 
Michigan,  was  born  in  Loudoun  county.  Va.,  in 
1811  ;  son  of  Gen.  John  Thomson  Mason  and 
grandson  of  Stevens  Thomson  Mason  (q.v.).  lie 
removed  with  his  father  to  Kentucky  about  1812 
and  received  a  liberal  education.  President 
Jackson  appointed  him  secretary  of  Michigan 
Territory  as  successor  to  his  father,  who  had 
served  from  Sept.  24,  1830,  to  May  27,  1831,  and 
he  served  from  Aug.  1,  1831,  to  Sept.  17,1831. 
During  the  illness  of  Governor  George  B.  Porter, 
Mason  was  acting  governor  periodically  until 
Feb.  7,  1834,  and  became  governor  of  the  territory 
ex  ojflcio  on  the  death  of  Governor  Porter,  July 
6,  1834.  On  Nov.  5,  1834,  President  Jackson 
appointed  Henry  D.  Gilpin  governor,  but  the 
senate  rejected  the  appointment  and  Charles 
Shaler  was  appointed  secretary,  Aug.  29,  1835, 
but  lie  declined,  and  John  S.  Homer  was  ap 
pointed  secretary  and  acting  governor,  Sept.  8, 
1835.  On  the  organization  of  Michigan  as  a  state 
in  1835,  Mason  was  elected  the  first  governor  and 
wras  re-elected,  serving  till  Jan.  7,  1840,  when  lie- 
removed  to  New  York  city,  where  he  practised 
law  until  his  death  there,  Jan.  4,  1843. 


[306] 


MASON 


MASON 


MASON,  Theodore  Lewis,  physician  and 
surgeon,  was  born  in  Cooperstowii,  N.Y.,  Sept. 
30, 1803  ;  son  of  David  and  Mary  Elizabeth  (Lewis) 
Mason  ;  grandson  of  the  Rev.  Dr.  Isaac  Lewis, 
and  a  descendant  of  Maj.  John  Mason,  the  foun 
der  of  Norwich,  Conn.  After  receiving  a  classi 
cal  education  he  entered  the  College  of  Physicians 
and  Surgeons,  New  York  city,  registering  his 
name  in  the  office  of  Dr.  David  Hosack.  His 
degree  of  M.D.  was  conferred  in  1825.  He  prac 
tised  in  Wilton,  Conn.,  for  a  few  years,  and 
returned  to  New  York  city,  where  he  married,  in 
1833,  Katharine  Van  Vliet,  daughter  of  Peter  De 
Witt,  lawyer,  and  removed  in  1834  to  Brooklyn, 
N.Y.,  in  which  city  he  was  a  practitioner,  1834- 
83.  He  was  president  of  the  Kings  County  Med 
ical  society,  1842-43  ;  a  founder  of  Brooklyn  city 
hospital,  1845  ;  the  Long  Island  College  hospital, 
1861,  and  president  of  the  collegiate  department, 
1861-82  ;  a  member  of  the  Citizens'  association  of 
New  York  to  further  the  passage  of  the  Metro 
politan  health  bill  in  1864;  an  incorporator  and 
lirst  president  of  the  Inebriates'  home  of  Kings 
county.  1866  ;  a  founder  of  the  American  Associ 
ation  for  the  Cure  of  Inebriates,  1870.  and  presi 
dent  of  the  association  for  several  years  from 
1875.  He  was  also  a  permanent  member  of  the 
Medical  Society  of  the  State  of  New  York  ;  resi 
dent  fellow  of  the  New  York  Academy  of  Medi 
cine  ;  delegate  to  the  international  medical  con 
vention,  Philadelphia,  1876,  and  founder,  life 
member  and  director  of  the  Long  Island  Histor 
ical  society.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Reformed 
Dutch  church.  His  address.  Inebriety  a  Dis 
ease,  was  quoted  as  authority  in  the  British 
house  of  commons  in  arguments  supporting  a 
bill  for  the  establishment  of  inebriate  homes. 
He  died  in  Brooklyn.  N.Y.,  Feb.  12.  1882. 

MASON,  William,  musician  and  composer, 
was  born  in  Boston,  Mass.,  Jan.  24,  1829;  son  of 
Dr.  Lowell  (q.v.)  and  Abigail  (Gregory)  Mason. 
He  began  the  study  of  the  pianoforte  under 
Henry  Schmidt  of  Boston,  Mass.,  in  early  child 
hood.  He  made  his  first  public  appearance  as  a 
pianist  at  a  symphony  concert  in  Boston  in 
1846  at  the  age  of  seventeen,  and  during  the  next 
three  years  lie  appeared  frequently  in  concerts 
including  those  given  by  the  Harvard  Musical 
association.  He  studied  the  pianoforte  at  Leipzig 
in  1849  under  Moscheles,  harmony  under  Moritz 
Hauptmann  and  instrumentation  under  E.  F. 
Richter.  Later  he  studied  the  pianoforte  under 
Alexander  Dreyschock  in  Prague  and  in  1853-54 
at  Weimar,  under  Liszt  in  company  with  Rubin 
stein,  Von  Billow  and  Pruckner.  He  played  in 
public  in  Prague,  Frankfort  and  Weimar,  and  in 
London  in  1853,  returning  to  the  United  States  in 
1854.  He  gave  a  series  of  piano  recitals  in  the 
principal  American  cities,  and  in  1855  established 


in  New  York  city,  in  connection  with  Carl  Berg- 
mann, Theodore  Thomas,  J.  Mosenthal  and  George 
Matzka,  a  series  of  classical  soirees  which  con 
tinued  until  1868  and  in  which  he  was  the  first  to 
introduce  the  Liszt  Hungarian  rhapsodies  to 
American  audiences. 
These  soirees  became 
widely  known  as  the 
"Mason  and  Thomas 
soirees  of  chamber 
music."  Dr.  Mason 
then  settled  in  New 
York  city,  where  he 
devoted  himself  to 
teaching  and  made 
only  occasional  pub 
lic  appearances.  Many 
of  his  pupils  at 
tained  eminence  as 
pianists.  He  re 
ceived  the  honorary 
degree  of  Mus.D. 

from  Yale  in  1872.  He  resided  at  Orange, 
N.J.,  1858-90,  and  in  New  York  city  from  1890. 
He  was  married,  March  12,  1857,  to  Mary  I., 
daughter  of  George  James  Webb  of  Boston.  His 
compositions  include :  Deux  Romances  sans 
Paroles  (1845);  Impromptu  (1851);  Silver  Spring 
(1856);  Ballade  in  B  Major  (1863) ;  Deux  Humo- 
resques  de  Bal  (1866);  Reverie.  Poetique  (1868); 
Prelude  in  A  Minor  (1870);  Romance  Etude  (1871); 
Three  Characteristic  Sketches  (1876);  Toccata 
(1882);  Serenata,  for  pianoforte  and  violoncello 
(1882),  and  Mirmet  (1882).  He  is  the  author  of  : 
Teacher  and  Pupil :  Eight  Duos  for  Four  Hands 
(1869);  Didactic  Works:  A  Method  for  the  Piano 
forte,  with  E.  S.  Hoadley  (1867);  System  for 
Beginners  in  the  Art  of  Playing  upon  tJie  Piano 
forte,  with  E.  S.  Hoadley  (1871)  ;  Mason's  Piano 
forte  Technics,  with  William  S.  B.  Matthews 
(1878);  Touch  and  Technic  (1890)  ;  Improvisation 
for  Pianoforte  (1900).  and  Memories  of  a  Musical 
'Life  (1901). 

MASON,  William  Ernest,  senator,  was  born 
in  Franklinville,  N.Y.,  July  7,  1850;  son  of  Lewis 
J.  and  Nancy  (Winslow)  Mason.  He  removed  to 
Bentonsport,  Van  Buren  county,  Iowa,  with  his 
parents  in  1858,  attended  school  there  until  1863 
and  Birmingham  college,  18(53-65.  His  father 
died  in  1865 ;  and  he  taught  school  in  Bentons- 
port,  1865-68,  and  in  Des  Moines,  Iowa,  1868-70. 
He  commenced  the  study  of  law  in  the  office  of 
the  Hon.  Thomas  M.  Withrow  of  Des  Moines  in 
1870  and  removed  with  him  to  Chicago.  111., 
where  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1872,  and 
practised  until  1897.  He  was  married,  June  11. 
1873,  to  Julia  Edith,  daughter  of  George  White  of 
Des  Moines.  He  was  a  representative  in  the  Illi 
nois  legislature  in  1879  ;  state  senator,  1882-85  ; 


[397] 


MASSE  Y 


MATHER 


a  Republican  representatve  from  the  3d  dis 
trict  of  Illinois  in  the  50th  and  51st  congresses, 
1887-91  ;  was  defeated 
for  the  52d  congress 
by  Allen  Cathcart 
Durborow.  Jr.,  of 
Chicago,  and  was 
elected  to  the  U.S. 
senate  Jan.  20,  1897, 
as  successor  to  Gen. 
John  M.  Palmer, 
whose  term  expired 
March  3,  1897,  for  the 
term  expiring  March 
31,  1903.  He  served 
as  chairman  of  the 
committee  on  manu 
factures,  and  as  a 
member  of  the  com 
mittees  on  claims, 

fisheries,  immigrating,  post,  offices  and  post 
roads,  commerce,  and  organization,  conduct  and 
expenditure  of  the  executive  department. 

MASSEY,  John  Edward,  legislator,  was  born 
in  Spottsylvania,  Va..  April  2,  1819;  son  of  Ben 
jamin  and  Elizabeth  (Chewning)  Massey  and 
grandson  of  Reuben  and  Mary  (Carter)  Massey. 
He  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  but  soon  after  be 
came  a  Baptist  clergyman.  He  supported  the 
Riddleberger  bill  ;  was  a  representative  in  the 
state  legislature,  1875-78  ;  state  senator,  1878-79  ; 
was  prominently  named  as  an  available  candi 
date  for  governor  in  1881  ;  was  the  successful 
candidate  for  representative  from  the  state-at- 
large  in  the  49th  congress,  1883  ;  was  lieutenant- 
governor,  188(5-89  ;  state  superintendent  of  public 
institutions,  1890-98  ;  and  was  elected  a  delegate 
to  the  Virginia  constitutional  convention  in  1901. 
He  died  at  Charlottesville,  Va.,  April  24,  1901. 

MASSIE,  Nathaniel,  pioneer,  was  born  in 
Goocliland  county,  Va.,  Dec.  28.  1763.  He  served 
in  the  Revolutionary  war,  1780;  was  a  surveyor 
of  wild  lands  in  Virginia.  1780-91.  and  of  the  Vir 
ginia  military  district  north  of  the  Ohio  river, 
1791-9(5,  laying  out  on  his  own  land  the  town  of 
Chillicothe  in  1796,  and  in  1800  was  one  of  the 
largest,  land-owners  in  the  Northwest  territory. 
He  was  a  delegate  to  the  state  constitutional 
convention  of  1802,  and  secured  the  selection  of 
Chillicothe  as  the  state  capital  ;  was  state 
senator  in  the  1st  and  2d  general  assemblies, 
1803-04 ;  speaker  of  the  senate,  1803 ;  was  a 
Jefferson  elector  in  1804,  and  a  Madison  elector 
in  1808,  and  a  representative  in  the  5th  and  8th 
general  assemblies,  1806-07,  and  1809-10.  He  was 
the  unsuccessful  Democratic  candidate  for  gov 
ernor  of  the  state  at  the  election  on  the  second 
Tuesday  of  October  1807,  as  successor  to  Ed 
ward  Tiffin,  who  resigned  to  take  his  seat  in  the 


U.S.  senate  in  March.  1807.  When  his  opponent, 
Return  J.  Meigs.  was  elected,  Massie  raised  the 
question  of  his  eligibility,  and  the  general 
assembly  in  joint  convention  declared  him  ineligi 
ble  under  the  constitution,  but  Massie  does  not 
appear  by  the  official  records  to  have  claimed  the 
office.  Thomas  Kirker,  acting  governor,  served 
until  Dec.  12.  1808.  when  Samuel  Huntington 
was  inaugurated.  Massie  was  major-general  of 
the  state  militia  for  several  years.  He  died  at 
Paint  Creek  Falls,  Ohio,  Nov.  13,  1813. 

MASTERS,  Josiah,  representative,  was  born 
in  Woodbury,  Conn.,  Nov.  22,  1763  ;  son  of  James 
and  Eunice  Masters.  He  was  graduated  at  Yale 
in  1784 ;  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  and  removed 
to  Schaghticoke,  N.Y.,  where  he  practised  law. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  state  assembly  in  1792, 
1800  and  1801  ;  associate  judge  of  Rensselaer 
county,  1801-05  ;  a  Democratic  representative  in 
the  9th  and  10th  congresses,  1805-09  ;  and  was 
judge  of  the  court  of  common  pleas  of  Rensselaer 
county,  1809-22.  He  supported  the  war  of  1812, 
opposed  the  embargo,  non-intercourse  and  other 
commercial  restrictions,  and  co-operated  with  De 
Witt  Clinton  in  promoting  the  Erie  canal.  He 
died  at  Schaghticoke,  N.Y.,  June  30,  1822. 

MATHER,  Cotton,  clergyman,  was  born  in 
Boston,  Mass.,  Feb.  12,  1663  ;  son  of  Increase  and 
Maria  (Cotton)  Mather.  He  was  graduated  from 
Harvard,  A.B.,  1078,  A.M.,  1681  ;  taught  school. 
1678-85,  meanwhile  studying  theology.  An 
impediment  in  his 
speech  caused  him 
to  devote  himself  to 
the  study  of  medi 
cine,  but  by  constant 
effort  he  overcame 
the  difficulty  and 
resumed  his  theolog 
ical  studies.  He 
preached  his  first 
sermon  in  his  grand 
father's  church  at 
Dorchester,  Mass., 
Aug.  22.  1080;  and 
declined  a  call  to  New 
Haven,  Conn.,  in  1681. 
He  was  ordained  as 
sistant  pastor  of  the  North  Church,  Boston,  Mass., 
as  a  colleague  with  his  father.  May  13,  1085.  He 
was  actively  connected  with  the  persecutions  of 
the  alleged  "  witches,"  and  published  "  Memor 
able  Providences  relating  to  Witchcraft  and  Pos 
sessions  "  in  1685,  the  tendency  of  which  was  to 
increase  the  excitement.  In  1688  he  was  one  of 
the  four  ministers  that  held  a  day  of  fasting  and 
prayer  for  the  affected  children  of  John  Goodwin 
of  Boston,  and  he  took  the  eldest  daughter  to  his 
house  in  order  to  observe  and  prescribe  for 


[396] 


MATHER 


MATHER 


her  strange  actions.  He  became  the  foremost 
adviser  and  wrote  "  Wonders  of  the  Invisible 
World,"  being  an  account  of  the  trials  of  several 
witches  (1692)  concerning  the  supposed  phenom 
ena.  During  this  "  reign  of  terror  "  two  hundred 

persons  were  ac 
cused,  one  hundred 
and  fifty  imprison 
ed,  nineteen  hang 
ed,  one  pressed  to 
death,  and  twenty- 
eight  condemned 
but  not  punished. 
When  the  popular 
reaction  followed 
he  was  severely  cri 
ticised  and  charged 
with  being  its 
"chief  cause,  pro 
moter  and  agent." 
It  was  further 
charged  that  he 
"  favored  the  pro 
secutions  for  witch 
craft,  countenanced  the  executions  by  Ids 
presence,  and  in  various  ways  urged  the  terrible 
work  of  blood."  Several  vindications  of  Mather 
have  been  written,  including  one  by  William 
Poole.  Me  partly  discovered  his  error  near  the 
close  of  his  life.  He  was  in  advance  of  his  age 
in  his  method  of  treatment  of  the  afflicted  whether 
in  body  or  mind.  On  the  fall  of  the  delusion, 
Mather's  influence,  which  had  been  great,  began 
to  decline,  until  at  length  he  became  the  object  of 
much  ridicule.  He  was  three  times  married : 
first, 'on  May  4,  1866,  to  Abigail,  daughter  of  Col. 
John  Phillips  of  Charlestown,  Mass.  :  secondly, 
Aug.  18,  1703,  to  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Dr.  John 
(Mark  and  widow  of  Mr.  Hubbard.  and  thirdly, 
July  5.  1715,  to  Lydia,  daughter  of  the  Rev. 
Samuel  Lee  and  widow  of  John  George.  He 
was  almost  fanatically  religious,  having  been 
surrounded  by  holy  influences  and  imbued  with 
the  spirit  of  devotion  from  early  childhood.  He 
composed  forms' of  ejaculatory  prayer  for  use  on 
occasions,  and  kept  weekly  fasts,  prostrating 
himself  on  the  floor  of  his  study.  He  was  one  of 
the  commissioners  for  Indian  affairs ;  was  an 
advocate  of  Christian  missions  and  projected  a 
Society  of  Peacemakers,  to  compose  and  prevent 
differences  and  to  divert  lawsuits.  The  honor 
ary  degree  of  D.D.  was  conferred  on  him  by 
Glasgow  university  in  1710.  He  was  elected  a 
fellow  of  the  Royal  Society  in  1713,  being  the 
first  American  so  honored.  His  correspondents 
included  scientists  and  literary  men  in  all  parts 
of  the  world.  Besides  his  works  on  witchcraft 
lie  is  the  author  of  :  Magnalia  Christi  Americana 
(1702;  Svols.,1820;  2ded.,  2  vols.,  1875);  Psal- 

[399] 


terium  American  nin,  being  an  exact  metrical 
translation  of  the  Psalms  in  prose  (1718);  Biblia 
Americana,  or  Sacred  Scripture  of  the  Old  and 
New  Testaments  (MS.),  besides  numerous  other 
publications,  both  in  prose  and  verse.  His  works 
are  extremely  rare,  the  most  extensive  collections 
having  been  made  by  the  British  museum  and 
the  Bodleian  library  at  Oxford.  The  Brinley  col 
lection  was  the  best  in  the  United  States,  and 
was  sold  in  New  York  city  in  1879.  He  died  in 
Boston,  Mass.,  Feb.  13,  1728,  and  was  buried  in 
the  family  vault  in  Copp's  Hill  burying  ground. 

MATHER,  Fredrick,  pisciculturist,  was  born 
in  Greenbush,  N.Y.,  Aug.  2,  1833  ;  son  of  Joseph 
andChianna  (Brockway)  Mather  of  Lyme.  Conn.  ; 
grandson  of  Joseph  and  Zelinda  (Goold)  Mather 
and  of  Elijah  and  Abigal  (Hall)  Brockway,  and  a 
descendant  of  the  Rev.  Richard  Mather  of  Toxteth 
Park,  England,  who  settled  in  Dorchester,  Mass., 
1635,  died  there  in  1669,  and  was  the  father  of  the 
Rev.  Increase  Mather  and  grandfather  of  Cotton 
Mather.  He  was  educated  at  Albany,  N.Y.,  and 
in  1854  he  went  to  Potosi,  Wis. ,  having  become 
interested  in  the  Potosi  lead  mines.  He  hunted 
and  trapped  in  the  Bad  Axe  country,  Wis.,  for 
several  years,  and  was  interpreter  of  the  Chip- 
pewa  language  to  the  government  survey  in 
northern  Minnesota.  He  served  under  Gen. 
James  Henry  Lane  during  the  Kansas  disturb 
ances,  1853-55,  and  was  one  of  Jennison's 
"  Jayhawkers."  At  the  outbreak  of  the  civil  war 
lie  enlisted  in  the  Federal  army  as  a  private  in 
the  113th  New  York  volunteer  regiment;  was 
promoted  1st  lieutenant  in  1864,  and  was  com 
missioned  captain  in  the  7th  New  York  artillery 
regiment,  serving  until  the  close  of  the  war.  He 
was  elected  a  member  of  the  Loyal  Legion.  He 
was  employed  as  a  clerk  in  the  live-stock  yards 
near  Albany,  N.Y.,  purchased  a  farm  at  Honeoye 
Falls,  N.Y.,  in  1868.  and  devoted  most  of  his  time 
to  the  science  of  fish  culture.  Upon  the  found 
ing  of  the  U.S.  fish  commission  in  1872,  he  was 
engaged  to  hatch  shad  for  the  Potomac  river ; 
was  appointed  assistant  to  the  U.S.  fish  commis 
sion  in  1873  ;  hatched  the  first  sea-bass  and 
graylings  in  1874  ;  established  hatcheries  at  Lex 
ington  and  Blackburg  for  the  state  of  Virginia 
in  1875,  and  during  the  same  year  lie  succeeded 
in  transporting  salmon  eggs  to  Germany  by 
means  of  a  refrigerator-box  of  his  own  invention. 
He  also  invented  a  conical  apparatus,  which 
greatly  facilitated  the  hatching  of  sh;;,d  and  other 
eggs.  He  hatched  the  adhesive  eggs  of  the  smelt 
in  1884,  although  all  previous  attempts  had  failed. 
He  was  fish  editor  of  The  Field,  Chicago,  111., 
1877-80,  and  of  Forest  and  Stream,  New  York  city, 
1880-1900.  He  was  sent  to  Roslyn,  Long  Island, 
to  hatch  salmon  for  the  Hudson  river  in  1883; 
was  superintendent  of  the  New  York  state  com- 


MATHER 


MATHER 


mission  station  at  Cold  Spring  Harbor,  Long 
Island,  1883-95;  and  inaugurated  the  hatching 
of  codtish,  lobsters  and  other  marine  forms.  He 
had  charge  of  the  American  exhibit  at  the  Fish 
eries  Exhibition,  Berlin,  Germany,  in  1880.  He 
was  twice  married  :  first,  in  1854,  to  Elizabeth 
MacDonald,\vho  died  Dec.  20,  1801  ;  and  secondly, 
in  1877,  to  Adelaide  Fairchild.  His  surviving 
child.  Sophia,  became  the  wife  of  Bleecker 
Sanders  of  Albany,  N.Y.  He  had  medals  and 
testimonials  from  many  scientific  societies  of 
Europe  and  a  personal  gift  from  the  crown  prince 
of  Germany  ("  Unser  Fritz  "),  of  a  medal,  a  gold 
medallion  with  the  royal  portrait.  He  was 
widely  known  by  his  lectures  oil  "  Fish  and  Fish 
eries"  and  "  The  Army  of  the  Potomac,''  and  is 
the  author  of :  Ichthyology  of  the  Adirondacks 
(1886);  Modern  Fish  Culture  (1900);  Men  I  have 
Fished  with  (1897);  In  the  Louisiana  Loivlands 
(1900);  My  Angling  Friends  (1902).  He  died  at 
Lake  Nebagomain,  Wis.,  Feb.  14,  1900. 

MATHER,  Increase,  educator,  was  born  in 
Dorchester,  Mass.,  June  21.  1639;  son  of  the  Rev. 
Richard  and  Katharine  (Holt)  Mather.  He 
pursued  his  studies  under  the  Rev.  John  Norton 
of  Boston,  and  was  graduated  from  Harvard  in 

1656.  He  at  once  be 
gan  preaching  and 
delivered  sermons  in 
Dorchester,  at  his 
father's  church.  In 
1657  he  joined  his 
brother  Nathaniel  in 
England.  He  was 
graduated  from  Trin 
ity  college,  Dublin, 
A.M.,  1658,  and 
preached  until  his 
return  to  Boston, 

1661.  He  married,  in 

1662,  Maria,  daughter 
of    the     Rev.     John 
Cotton  of  Boston.   On 

May  27,  1664,  he  became  pastor  of  the  North 
church,  Boston,  of  which  his  brother  Samuel 
(1628-71)  had  been  the  first  pastor.  During  his 
pastorate  the  discussion  arose  as  to  the  right  of 
non-communicants  to  bring  their  children  to  bap 
tism,  and  Mr.  Mather  united  with  President 
Chauncy  and  John  Davenport  in  opposing  the 
"half-way  covenant ''  established  by  the  general 
synod,  but  he  subsequently  consented  to  it  in  a 
modified  form.  He  was  the  prime  mover  of  the 
"  Reforming  Synod  "  called  by  the  general  court 
Sept.  10.  1678,  to  consider  "  what  are  the  evils  that 
have  provoked  the  Lord  to  bring  his  judgment 
on  New  England.''  The  judgments  were  :  King 
Philip's  war;  the  small-pox;  the  fires  of  1676  and 
1679,  and  a  general  falling  away  from  the  strict 


notions  and  habits  of  the  first  settlers.  In  1681, 
upon  the  death  of  President  Oakes  of  Harvard,  lie 
was  offered  and  declined  the  presidency.  He 
officiated,  however,  until  the  election  of  John 
Rogers  in  1649,  and  upon  Rogers's  death,  in  1685, 
he  was  requested  by  the  overseers  to  act  as  pres 
ident  until  further  settlement  could  be  made. 
In  1683,  upon  the  threatened  withdrawal  of  the 
charter  of  Massachusetts,  he  was  foremost  in  ad 
vocating  its  retention.  The  agents  of  the  general 
court  consequently  became  Mather's  bitter  ene 
mies.  He  was  selected  as  agent  to  lay  the  griev 
ances  of  the  colony  before  the  king  upon  the  an 
nulment  of  the  charter,  and  remained  abroad  as 
colonial  agent,  1688-92.  His  expenses  meanwhile 
greatly  exceeded  his  compensation  and  he  was 
obliged  to  pledge  his  property.  The  result  of  his 
labors  was  a  charter  uniting  Plymouth,  Massa 
chusetts  Bay,  Maine,  and  the  territory  from  Sag- 
adahoc  to  the  eastern  extremity  of  Nova  Scotia. 
Sir  William  Phips  was  nominated  governor,  and 
he  with  Mather  returned  to  Boston,  May  14,  1692. 
A  vote  of  thanks  was  tendered  him  by  the  lower 
house  for  his  faithful  endeavors  to  serve  his 
country.  He  was  instrumental  in  promoting  the 
union  between  the  Presbyterians  and  Congrega- 
tionalists  ;  obtained  a  confirmation  of  the  charter 
of  Harvard  college  in  1685, 
and  in  1692  he  obtained  from 
the  general  assembly  an  act 
incorporating  the  college.  By  j 
this  act,  wherein  Mather  was  I 
made  president,  the  college 
was  enabled  to  confer  degrees, 
particularly  those  of  bachelor 
and  doctor  of  theology.  In  1701  he  withdrew  from 
the  office  and  was  succeeded  by  Samuel  Willard. 
He  devoted  the  remainder  of  his  life  to  philan 
thropy  and  to  literature.  In  April,  1715,  he  re 
ceived  a  unanimous  invitation  from  the  ministers 
of  the  province  to  represent  them  at  the  corona 
tion  of  King  George  I.,  but  advancing  years  led 
him  to  decline.  "He  had  great  faith  in  signs 
and  prodigies,"  and  delivered  discourses  concern 
ing  earthquakes,  inundations,  wars  and  other 
calamitous  events.  He  was  also  a  firm  believer 
in  witchcraft,  and  assisted  his  son  Cotton  in  pub 
lishing  his  books  on  the  subject.  He  was  married,, 
secondly,  in  1715,  to  Ann,  daughter  of  Thomas 
Lake,  and  widow  of  the  Rev.  John  Cotton  of 
Hampton.  She  died  at  Brookline,  Mass.,  March 
29.  1737.  The  honorary  degree  of  D.D.  was  con 
ferred  on  him  by  Harvard  in  1692,  it  being  the 
first  degree  of  the  kind  conferred  in  America. 
He  is  the  author  of  :  Life  and  Death  of  Rev. 
Richard  Mather  (W7Q) ;  Important  TrntliN  about 
Conversion  (1674);  A  Discourse  Concerning  Bap 
tism  and  the  Consecration  of  Clurclies  (1675); 
A  History  of  the  War  with  the  Indians  (\Q~§,  new 


[400J 


MATHER 


MATHER 


<ed.,  1862);  A  Relation  of  Troubles  of  New  England 
from  the  Indians  (1677,  new  ed.,  1864);  Cometo- 
graphia,  or  a  Discourse  Concerning  Comets  (1683); 
Remarkable  Providences  (1684,  new  ed.,  1856); 
Several  Papers  Relating  to  the  State  of  New  Eng 
land  (1690);  Dying  Pastor's  Legacy  (1722).  He 
died  in  Boston,  Mass.,  Aug.  23,  1723. 

MATHER,  Margaret,  actress,  was  born  in  Til 
bury.  Canada,  Oct.  21,  1859  ;  daughter  of  John  and 
Ann  (Mather)  Finlayson.  Her  father  was  a  Scotch 
ship-carpenter,  and  on  removing  to  Detroit, 
Mich.,  kept  a  sailors'  boarding-house,  and  Mar 
garet  is  said  to  have  sold  newspapers  in  the 
streets.  In  1871  she  went  to  New  York  to  visit 
an  elder  sister,  and  while  there  she  attended  the 
public  school  and  began  to  study  for  the  stage. 
In  1877  she  was  engaged  by  a  travelling  com 
pany  under  the  name  of  Miss  Bloomer,  and  in  1878 
by  George  Edgar,  to  appear  as  Lady  Cordelia  in 
•"  King  Lear,"  at  Providence,  R.I.  This  part  was 
beyond  her  ability,  but  the  trial  determined 
James  II.  Hill  to  educate  her  for  the  stage,  and 
she  adopted  the  name  of  her  mother's  family 
for  professional  use.  On  Aug.  28,  1882,  she  made 
her  debut  as  a  star  under  Mr.  Hill's  management, 
appearing  as  Juliet  at  McVicker's  theatre, 
Chicago,  111.  She  toured  for  two  seasons,  and 
added  Pauline,  in  "  The  Lady  of  Lyons  ;  "  Leah, 
in  "  Leah  the  Forsaken  "  ;  Juliana,  in  "  The 
Honeymoon,"  and  Rosalind,  in  "  As  You  Like  It," 
to  her  repertory.  She  returned  in  1885,  to  New 
York  where  her  manager  leased  the  Union  Square 
theatre  for  the  season  of  1885-86  and  starred  her 
in  a  sumptuous  production  of  "  Rorneo  and 
Juliet."  In  1886  she  appeared  at  the  Union 
Square  theatre  as  Leah  and  Juliana.  She  starred 
in  a  series  of  road  engagements,  and  was  married, 
much  against  her  manager's  wishes,  on  Feb.  15, 
1887,  to  Emil  Haberkorn,  leader  of  the  orchestra 
at  the  Union  Square  theatre,  from  whom  she  was 
subsequently  divorced.  She  continued  her  pro 
fessional  tours  under  a  new  manager,  but  met 
with  much  less  success.  She  appeared  as  Peg 
Woffington  at  Niblo's  Garden,  New  York,  Jan.  1, 
1889  ;  opened  the  Columbus  theatre,  New  York, 
with  a  performance  of  "Romeo  and  Juliet," 
Oct.  11,  1890,  and  subsequently  gave  her  initial 
performance  of  Imogen,  in  "Cymbeline,"  at  the 
same  house.  She  produced  an  adaptation  of 
Jules  Barbier's  "  Jeanne  d'Arc,"  at  the  Fifth 
Avenue  theatre,  New  York,  Dec.  8,  1890,  but  did 
not  meet  the  public  demand,  and  the  piece  was 
discontinued  and  she  retired  from  the  stage.  Dec. 
10,  1892,  having  married  Gustav  Pabst,  son  of  a 
wealthy  brewer,  July  26,  1892.  She  obtained  a 
divorce  from  Mr.  Pabst  in  October,  1896,  and  re 
turned  to  professional  life,  appearing  as  Imogen, 
in  '•  Cymbeline."  at  "Wallack's  theatre,  in  1897. 
She  died  in  Charlestown,  W.  Va.,  April  7,  1898. 


[401] 


MATHER,  Richard,  clergyman,  was  born  in 
Lowton,  Win  wick  parish,  Lancashire,  England, 
in  1596  ;  son  of  Thomas  and  Marguerite  Mather, 
and  grandson  of  John  Mather.  He  received  a 
liberal  education  and  taught  at  Toxteth  Park, 
near  Liverpool,  England,  1611-15,  meanwhile 
studying  for  the  ministry,  and  in  1815  he  entered 
Brasenose  college,  Oxford.  In  1620  he  returned 
to  Toxteth  and  was  ordained  by  Bishop  Morton 
of  Chester.  He  was  twice  married,  first,  in  1624, 
to  Katharine,  daughter  of  Edmund  Holt  of 
Bury,  and  secondly,  in  1656,  to  Sarah  Story, 
widow  of  the  Rev.  John  Cotton.  He  ministered 
in  Toxteth  until  1633,  when  complaints  were  en 
tered  against  him  for  non-conformity,  and  in 
August,  1633,  he  was  suspended.  By  the  inter 
cession  of  friends  his  suspension  was  removed 
shoi'tly  after,  but  in  1634  it  was  again  inflicted, 
and  in  May,  1635,  he  joined  the  company  of  pil 
grims  and  embarked  at  Bristol  for  New  England. 
He  arrived  at  Boston  in  August,  1635.  He  formed 
a  new  church  at  Dorchester,  Mass.,  and  was 
chosen  its  pastor  in  1636.  Upon  the  downfall  of 
the  hierarchy  in  England,  he  was  solicited  to  re 
turn  to  his  former  charge,  but  he  refused.  In 
1639  he  was  chosen  to  answer  the  thirty -two  ques 
tions  propounded  by  the  general  court  relating 
to  church  government.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
synod  of  1648  and  drew  up  the  Cambridge  plat 
form  of  discipline,  which  was  adopted.  During 
his  residence  in  New  England  he  was  a  member 
of  every  synod  convened  and  was  moderator  of 
a  synod  at  the  time  of  his  death.  He  was  one  of 
the  three  ministers  selected  to  prepare  a  New 
England  version  of  the  Psalms  (1646),  and  he  is 
the  author  of  :  Discourse  on  the  Church  Covenant 
(1639)  and  Treatise  on  Justification.  He  died  in 
Dorchester,  Mass.,  April  22,  1669. 

MATHER,  Richard  Henry,  educator,  was 
born  in  Binghamton,  N.Y.,  Feb.  12,  1835  ;  son  of 
Henry  and  Frances  (Whiting)  Mather  ;  grand 
son  of  Capt.  Sylvester  Mather  of  Lyme,  Conn., 
and  a  descendant  of  Richard  Mather,  1635.  He 
was  graduated  from  Amherst  college,  A.B.,  1857, 
A.M.,  1860;  studied  philology  at  Berlin,  Ger 
many,  1857-59  ;  was  a  teacher  at  Williston  semi 
nary,  1858-59  ;  instructor  in  Greek  at  Amherst, 
1859-62  ;  associate  professor  of  Greek  language 
and  literature,  1862-68  ;  professor  of  Greek  and 
German  language,  1868-79  ;  and  professor  of 
Greek  language  and  literature,  1879-90.  He 
lectured  on  sculpture,  1879-88  and  visited  Europe 
to  select  casts,  engravings  and  photographs  for 
the  art  museum  at  Williston  Hall.  This  museum 
contains  the  second  finest  collection  of  casts  in 
the  United  States  and  was  largely  composed  of 
Professor  Mather's  selections.  He  went  abroad 
in  1888  and  prepared  a  course  of  lectures  on 
Greek  life.  He  received  the  honorary  degree  of 


MATHER 


MATHEWS 


D.D.  from  Bowdoin  college  in  1879.  He  edited 
several  Greek  text-books  for  use  in  colleges,  in- 
cluding  :  Herodotus  (1872)  ;  selections  from  Thu- 
cydides,  the  Electro,  of  Sophocles  (1882)  ;  Abstract 
of  Lectures  upon  Sculpture  (1882)  ;  and  the 
Prometheus  Bound  of  ^Eschylus  (1883).  He  died 
in  Amherst,  Mass.,  April  16.  1890. 

MATHER,  Roland,  philanthropist,  was  born 
at  Westfield,  Conn.,  May  31,  1809  ;  son  of  John 
and  Sophia  (Taylor)  Mather,  arid  a  descendant  of 
the  Rev.  Richard  Mather,  the  immigrant  (1635). 
He  attended  the  district  schools  and  worked  on 
his  father's  farm  until  1825,  when  he  engaged  in 
the  dry-goods  business  in  Boston.  He  removed 
to  Hartford,  Conn.,  in  1828,  and  in  1836  estab 
lished  the  firm  of  Howe,  Mather  &  Co.  He  re 
tired  in  1851  and  devoted  his  time  to  the  care  of 
his  estates.  He  was  a  trustee  and  president  of 
the  Society  for  Savings  and  endowed  the  Hart 
ford  Public  Library  with  $35,000  and  the  Congre 
gational  Educational  society  with  more  than 
$500,000.  He  bequeathed  to  the  Congregational 
Home  Missionary  Society  of  New  York  and  the 
American  Board  of  Commissioners  for  Foreign 
Missions  each  f  15,000,  and  to  the  American  Mis 
sionary  Society  and  Hampton  Normal  and  Indus 
trial  institute  each  §10,000.  He  died  at  Hart 
ford,  Conn.,  May  10,  1897. 

MATHER,  William  Williams,  educator,  was 
born  in  Brooklyn,  Conn.,  May  24,  1804  ;  son  of 
Eleazer  and  Fanny  (Williams)  Mather  and  a 
descendant  from  the  Rev.  Richard  Mather,  Pur 
itan.  He  was  graduated  from  the  U.S.  Military 

academy  in  1828  and 
assigned  to  the  7th 
infantry.  While  at 
the  academy  he  led 
ins  class  for  two 
years  in  chemistry 
and  mineralogy  and 
had  submitted  to  him 
for  revision  the  proof- 
sheets  of  •'  Webster's 
Chemistry,"  then  be 
ing  published.  He 
was  acting  assistant 
instructor  in  artil 
lery  at  the  academy 
during  the  annual 
encampment  ;  was 

stationed  at  Jefferson  barracks,  1828-29,  at  Fort 
Jesup,  La.,  in  1829  ;  was  assistant  professor  of 
chemistry,  mineralogy  and  geology  at  the  U.S. 
Military  academy,  1829-35,  acting  professor  of 
chemistry,  geology  and  mineralogy  at  Wesleyan 
university,  Middletown,  Conn.,  1833-34  ;  was 
promoted  1st  lieutenant,  Dec.  4,  1834,  and  was  on 
topographical  duty  on  geological  explorations  of 
the  northwest  in  1835  and  was  at  Fort  Gibson 

1402] 


and  Camp  Desire,  Ind.  Ter.,  1835-36.  He  re 
signed  his  commission  in  the  U.S.  army,  Aug.  31, 
1836  ;  was  professor  of  chemistry  at  the  Univer 
sity  of  Louisiana  the  same  year  ;  state  geologist 
of  the  first  geological  district  of  New  York,  1836- 
44  ;  geologist  of  the  state  of  Ohio,  1837-40,  and  of 
the  state  of  Kentucky,  1838-39.  He  was  professor 
of  natural  science  in  the  University  of  Ohio, 
1842-45  ;  served  as  vice-president  and  acting 
president  of  the  university  in  1845  ;  was  professor 
of  geology,  chemistry  and  mineralogy  at  Marietta 
college,  Ohio,  in  1846  ;  geological  surveyor  and 
mining  engineer  on  Lake  Superior,  1845-47  ; 
agricultural  chemist  and  corresponding  secretary 
of  the  Ohio  state  board  of  agriculture,  1850-54  ; 
editor  of  the  Western  Agriculturist,  1851-52  ; 
geological  engineer  on  railroad  construction, 
1850-55  ;  and  engaged  in  erecting  iron  furnaces 
for  the  Coal  Grove  company  in  Lawrence  county, 
Ohio,  1855-59.  He  was  twice  married  :  first,  in 
1830,  toEJmily  Maria  Baker,  who  died  in  1850,  and 
secondly,  to  Mrs.  Mary  (Harris)  Curtis  in  1851. 
The  honorary  degree  of  A.M.  was  conferred  on 
him  by  Wesleyan  university,  Conn.,  in  1834, 
and  that  of  LL.D.  by  Brown  in  1856.  He  was  a 
visitor  at  the  U.S.  Military  academy,  1855  ;  a 
member  of  numerous  scientific,  historical  and 
literary  associations  ;  a  trustee  of  Granville  col 
lege,  Ohio,  for  fifteen  years,  and  collector  and 
owner  of  a  cabinet  of  minerals  numbering  22,000 
specimens.  He  is  the  author  of  :  Geology  and 
Mineralogy  of  New  London  and  Windham  Coun 
ties,  Conn.  (1834)  ;  Geological  Suri'ey  of  the 
State  of  Ohio  (1838)  :  Geology  of  New  York  (part 
I.,  1843)  ;  and  scientific  papers  on  agriculture, 
mineralogy,  chemistry,  geology  and  metallurgy 
(1828-59),  and  elaborate  reports  on  the  agriculture, 
geology  and  mineral  resources  of  Kentucky, 
Michigan  and  the  Western  territories  (1836-59). 
He  died  in  Columbus,  Ohio,  Feb.  26,  1859. 

MATHEWS,  Albert,  author,  was  born  in  New 
York  city,  Sept.  8,  1820  ;  son  of  Oliver  and  Mary 
(Field)  Mathews,  and  a  descendant  of  William 
Matliews,  who  emigrated  from  England  in  the 
seventeenth  century  and  settled  on  Long  Island 
and  later  in  Westchester  county,  N.Y.,  and  of 
Robert  Field,  a  Quaker,  who  emigrated  from 
England  to  Massachusetts  in  1645  and  settled 
soon  afterward  at  Flushing,  L.I.  Albert  Mathews 
attended  the  private  school  kept  by  the  Rev. 
Hiram  Doane  at  Greenwich,  Conn.,  and  later  at 
New  Rochelle,  N.Y.  ;  was  graduated  from  Yale, 
A.B.,  1842,  A.M.,  1845;  studied  at  Harvard  Law 
school,  1842-43  ;  was  admitted  an  attorney  at  law 
in  1845  and  counsellor  in  1848  and  practised  for 
more  than  forty  years  in  New  York  city.  He 
was  vice-president  of  the  Yale  Alumni  associa 
tion  of  New  York  :  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
Century  association  in  1848  ;  was  a  founder  of 


MATHEWS 


MATHEWS 


the  Bar  Association  of  the  City  of  New  York  in 
1869  and  vice-president  in  1886.  He  was  twice 
married  :  first  to  Louise  Mott  Strong,  who  died 
in  1857,  and  secondly,  in  1861,  to  Cettie  Moore 
Gwynne,  younger  daughter  of  Henry  Collins 
Flagg,  for  many  years  mayor  of  New  Haven, 
Conn.  Under  the  pen  name  of  Paul  Siegvolk,  Mr. 
Mathews  contributed  to  the  Knickerbocker  Maga 
zine,  1830-57,  and  later  to  other  magazines  and 
periodicals.  He  is  the  author  of  :  Walter  Ash  wood  : 
a  Love  Story  ( 1860)  ;  Incidental  Protection:  a 
Solecism  (186!))  ;  .-1  Bundle  of  Papers  (1879)  ; 
Thoughts  on  the  Codification  of  the  Common  Law 
(1881)  ;  Memorial  of  Bernard  Roelker  (1889),  Ru 
minations.  The  Ideal  American  Lady,  and  Other 
Essays  (1893)  ;  and  A  Few  Verves.  He  also  con 
tributed  a  series  of  essays  for  many  years  to  the 
New  York  Home  Journal. 

MATHEWS,  Charles  Thompson,  author  and 
architect,  was  born  in  Paris,  France,  March  31, 
1865  ;  son  of  Charles  Drellincourt  and  Rebecca 
(Thompson)  Mathews  ;  grandson  of  William 
Edmund  and  Anna  (Lorree)  Mathews,  and  a 
direct  descendant  on  the  maternal  side  of  An 
thony  Thompson  of  Sandwich,  England,  who 
married  Dorothy  Honeywood  of  Roy  ton  Manor 
and  came  to  America  in  1637  ;  also  a  descendant 
through  his  paternal  great--grandmother  of  Maj. 
Dirke  Wesselse  Ten  Broeck,  who  came  to  Bever- 
wyck  (now  Albany).  N.Y..  in  1662,  was  first  re 
corder  of  the  city,  1686,  and  mayor,  1696-98.  He 
received  his  preparatory  education  at  St.  Paul's 
school,  Concord,  N.U..  and  in  Paris  and  Nice. 
He  was  graduated  from  Yale,  A.B.,  1886.  A.M., 
1892,  and  from  the  Columbia  School  of  Mines, 
Ph.B.,  1889.  He  studied  architecture  in  Paris, 
exhibited  drawings  at  the  World's  Columbian 
Exposition,  Chicago,  1893,  and  was  made  a  fellow 
of  the  American  Institute  of  Architects.  He  won 
the  competition  for  remodelling  the  Church  of 
the  Holy  Trinity,  1891  :  introduced  an  innova 
tion  in  fire-proof  construction  into  New  York 
which  became  a  requirement  of  the  building  de 
partment,  and  in  1901  won  the  competition  for  re 
modelling  the  east  end  of  St.  Patrick's  cathedral, 
New  York,  and  adding  a  Lady  chapel.  This  com 
petition  was  entered  into  by  architects  from 
France,  England,  Canada  and  America.  Mr. 
Mathews  is  the  author  of  :  The  Renaissance  under 
the  Valois  (1893)  ;  and  The  Story  of  Architecture 
(1896). 

MATHEWS,  Cornelius,  author,  was  born  in 
Portchester,  N.Y.,  Oct.  28.  1817  ;  son  of  Abijah 
Mathews.  He  was  graduated  from  the  Univer 
sity  of  the  City  of  New  York,  A.B.,  1834,  A.M., 
1837  ;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1837,  but  after 
practising  for  one  year  he  abandoned  the  profes 
sion  for  literature.  He  founded  Yankee,  Doodle, 
the  first  successful  comic  paper  in  New  York 


city,  and  with  Evert  A.  Duyckinck  he  edited 
"Arcturus:  a  Journal  of  Books  and  Opinion  " 
(3  vols.,  1841-42).  He  founded  the  Copyright 
club  in  1843,  to  promote  international  copyright, 
and  was  its  first  president.  He  was  a  friend  of 
Elizabeth  Barrett  Browning  and  the  first  Amer 
ican  editor  of  her  works.  He  devoted  himself  to 
dramatic  writing  in  1844  and  produced  the  com 
edy,  "The  Politicans,"  and  the  tragedy,  "  Witch 
craft,''  a  story  of  the  Salem  delusion,  which  was 
performed  in  Philadelphia  and  New  York  thea 
tres  in  1846,  and  translated  into  French  ;  "  Jacob 
Leisler,"  a  drama,  performed  in  Philadelphia  in 
1848,  and  "False  Pretenses, "a comedy,  about  1842. 
He  is  the  author  of:  The  Motley  Book  (1838); 
Behemoth  :  a  Legend  of  the  Mound- Builders  (1889); 
The  Career  of  Puffer  Hopkins  (1842);  Appeal  on 
Behalf  of  International  Copyright  (1842) ;  Poems 
on  Man  in  his  Various  Aspects  under  the  Amer 
ican  Republic  (1842)  ;  Various  Writings  (1843); 
Big  Abel  and  the  Little  Manhattan  (1845);  Chan 
ticleer:  a  Tluinksgiving  Story  (1850);  Monet/penny, 
or  the  Heart  of  the  World  (1850);  Witchcraft 
(1852);  A  Pen-and-ink  Panorama  of  Neiv  York 
City  (1853);  TJie  Indian  Fairy  Book  (1856);  The 
Indian  Fairy  Book  Compiled  from  MS.  of  Henry 
Rou-e  Schoolcraft  (1869);  The  Enchanted  Mocca 
sins,  and  Other  Legends  of  American  Indians- 
(1877).  He  died  in  New  York  March  25,  1889. 
MATHEWS,  Ferdinand  Schuyler,  author  and 
artist,  was  born  in  New  Brighton,  Staten  Island, 
N.Y.,  May  30,  1854  ;  son  of  Ferdinand  Schuyler 
and  Frances  (Coffin)  Mathews,  and  grandson  of 
William  Edwin  and  Hannah  Schuyler  (Loree) 
Mathews  and  of  William  and  Elizabeth  Chase 
(Ilussey)  Coffin.  His  ancestor,  Ephraim  Loree, 
surgeon  in  Colonel  Dayton's  regiment  during  tho 
Revolutionary  war,  was  married  to  Gettie, 
daughter  of  Gertrude  (Schuyler)  Voorhis,  a. 
descendant  of  Abraham  Schuyler  of  Albany, 
N.Y.  William  Coffin  was  a  descendant  of  Tris 
tram  Coffin,  ancestor  of  the  Coffin  family  of 
New  England.  Ferdinand  Schuyler  Mathews 
attended  the  Wooster  Street  public  school  of 
New  York  city,  and  finally  deciding  on  art  as  his 
vocation,  studied  at  the  Cooper  institute,  New 
York  city  ;  at  a  later  period  he  studied  in  Rome 
and  Naples,  Italy.  He  began  work  with  Russell 
Sturgis,  architect,  in  New  York  city  in  1872  ; 
entered  the  art  department  of  Tiffany  &  Co., 
1874-78,  and  became  a  special  artist  on  the  staff 
of  L.  Prang  &  Co.  in  1879.  He  removed  to  Bos 
ton,  Mass.,  in  1885.  He  was  married,  Nov.  17, 
1886,  to  Carolina,  daughter  of  Professor  George 
W.  Maynard  of  New  York.  He  is  the  author  of  : 
The  Golden  Flower  (1890);  The  Beautiful  Flower 
Garden  (1894)  ;  Familiar  Flowers  of  Field  and 
Garden  (1895):  Familiar  Trees  and  their  Leaves 
(1896,  rev.  ed..  1901);  Familiar  Features  of  the 


[403] 


MATHEWS 


MATHEWS 


Roadside  (1897);  Familiar  Life  in  Field  and  Forest 
(1898):  The  Writing  Table  of  the  Twentieth  Century 
(1900). 

MATHEWS,  George,  statesman,  was  born  in 
Augusta  county,  Va.,  in  1789,  son  of  John 
Mathews,  who  emigrated  from  Ireland  in  1737. 
George  commanded  a  volunteer  company  against 
the  Indians  in  1757,  and  in  the  battle  of  Point 
Pleasant,  Oct.  10,  1774.  At  the  outbreak  of  the 
Revolution,  he  was  commissioned  colonel  of  the 
9th  Virginia  regiment.  He  fought  at  the  battle 
of  Brandywine  and  at  Germantown,  where  he 
was  wounded  ;  was  confined  on  the  prison  ship 
New  Jersey  until  December,  1771,  when  he  was  ex 
changed,  and  lie  joined  General  Greene's  army 
as  colonel  of  the  3d  Virginia  regiment.  He 
removed  to  Goose  Pond,  Oglethorpe  county,  Ga., 
in  1785  ;  was  a  representative  from  Georgia  in 
the  1st  congress,  1789-91,  and  governor  of  Geor 
gia,  1793-96.  .  During  his  term  of  office  the 
famous  Yazoo  act  was  passed  and  approved  by 
him,  which  resulted  in  his  political  downfall.  He 
was  nominated  by  President  Adams  for  governor 
of  Mississippi  Territory,  but  the  President  with 
drew  his  nomination  on  account  of  Mathews's 
part  in  the  Yazoo  act  and  retained  his  friendship 
by  appointing  his  son,  George  Mathews,  super 
visor  of  public  revenue  in  Georgia.  In  1811  Presi 
dent  Madison  appointed  him  U.S.  commissioner  to 
negotiate  for  the  annexation  of  Florida,  but  the 
President  the  next  year  disavowed  the  treaty, 
which  so  incensed  Governor  Mathews  that  it  is 
said  he  started  for  Washington  to  chastise  Mr. 
Madison,  but  on  his  way  he  was  taken  ill  at 
Augusta,  Ga.,  where  he  died  Aug.  30,  1812. 

MATHEWS,  James  Macfarlane,  educator, 
was  born  in  Salem,  N.Y.,  March  18,  1785  ;  son  of 
David  and  Mary  (Macfarlane)  Mathews.  His 


VERS.ITY     Or    THE     CITV  Of     NEW   YORK.; 


father  came  to  America  prior  to  the  Revolution, 
in  which  he  took  part.  James  Macfarlane 
Mathews  studied  under  Dr.  Proudfit  at  Salem 
and  graduated  from  Union  college  in  1803.  He 
studied  for  the  ministry  in  the  Associate  seminary 
of  Dr.  John  M.  Mason  and  was  graduated  in  1807. 


He  was  associate  professor  of  ecclesiastical  history 
at  the  seminary,  1807-17  ;  and  pastor  of  the  South 
Reformed  Dutch  church,  Garden  street,  New 
York,  1811-40.  He  was  active  in  the  establish 
ment  of  the  University  of  the  City  of  New  York 
in  1829,  and  was  first  chancellor  of  the  university, 
1831-39,  when  he  retired.  He  delivered  lectures 
in  various  cities.  The  honorary  degree  of  D.D. 
was  conferred  on  him  by  Yale  college  in  1819. 
He  was  married,  first,  1810,  to  Charlotte,  daughter 
of  Hugh  Walsh  and  secondly,  in  1825,  to  Ann, 
daughter  of  John  Hone,  a  leading  merchant  of 
New  York.  His  daughter,  Joanna  Hone  Mathews, 
author  of  The  Bessie  Books  and  over  forty  other 
volumes  for  children,  died  in  Summit,  N.J.,  April 
28,  1901.  Chancellor  Mathews  is  the  author  of: 
The  Bible  and  Civil  Government  (1860)  ;  The 
Bible  and  Men  of  Learning  (1860)  ;  Recollections  of 
Persons  and  Events  chiefly  in  the  City  of  Neiv  York 
(1864).  He  died  in  New  York  city,  Jan.  26,  1870. 

MATHEWS,  John,  delegate,  was  born  in 
Charleston,  S.C.,  in  1744.  He  was  active  in 
the  Revolutionaiy  movements  and  after  the 
dissolution  of  the  royal  government  in  1776,  he 
was  elected  first  speaker  of  the  South  Carolina 
house  of  representatives.  He  was  also  an  asso 
ciate  justice  of  the  supreme  court  of  South 
Carolina,  1776-78  ;  a  delegate  to  the  Continental 
congress,  1778-82  ;  served  on  the  committee  ap 
pointed  to  confer  with  the  British  crown  on  the 
subject  of  purchasing  peace  by  the  sacrifice  of 
Georgia  and  the  Carolinas,  which  measure  he 
opposed,  and  he  signed  the  articles  of  confedera 
tion  of  1791.  In  1782  he  succeeded  Edward  Rut- 
ledge  as  governor  of  South  Carolina  and  served 
one  year.  Upon  the  establishment  of  the  court 
of  equity  he  was  chosen  chancellor,  together 
with  John  Rutledge  and  Richard  Hudson,  and 
served  in  this  capacity,  1785-97.  He  died  in 
Charleston,  S.C.,  Nov.  17,  1802. 

MATHEWS,  Shailer,  educator,  was  born  in 
Portland,  Maine,  May  26,  1863  ;  son  of  Jonathan 
Bennett  and  Sophia  Lucinda  (Shailer)  Mathews 
and  grandson  of  Elisha  and  Ann  (Bennett) 
Mathews  and  of  William  Hosmer  and  Eliza 
Payne  (Hascall)  Shailer.  He  attended  the  Port 
land  high-school,  and  graduated  from  Colby 
university.  A.B.,  1884,  A.M.,  1887,  and  from  the 
Newton  Theological  institution  in  1887.  He 
studied  at  the  university  of  Berlin,  Germain'-, 
1890-91  ;  was  assistant  professor  of  English  at 
Colby,  1887-89  ;  professor  of  history  and  polit 
ical  economy  there,  1889-94  ;  associate  professor 
of  New  Testament  history  and  interpretation  at 
the  University  of  Chicago,  1894-97,  and  was 
elected  professor  in  1897  and  junior  dean  of  the 
divinity  school  in  1899.  He  was  made  a  mem 
ber  of  the  American  Historical  society  and  of  the 
Society  of  Biblical  Literature  and  Exegesis.  He 


[404] 


MATHEWS 


MATLACK 


was  married,  July  16.  1900,  to  Mary  Philbrick 
Elden.  Colby  university  conferred  upon  him 
the  honorary  degree  of  D.D.  in  1901.  He  was 
made  general  editor  of  the  New  Testament  Hand 
books,  published  by  the  Macmillans,  and  is  the 
author  of  :  Select  Mediaeval  Documents  (1892  and 
1900);  the  Social  Teaching  of  Jems  (1897);  A  His 
tory  of  New  Testament  Times  in  Palestine  (1899); 
A  Short  History  of  the  French  Revolution.  (1900), 
and.  with  Ernest  D.  Burton,  Constructive  Studies 
in  the  Life  of  Christ  (1900). 

MATHEWS,  William,  author,  was  born  in 
Waterville,  Maine,  July  28,  1818  ;  son  of  Simeon 
and  Clymana  (Esty)  Mathews,  and  grandson  of 
Jabez  Mathews.  He  graduated  from  Waterville 
college,  A.B.,  1833  ;  A.M.,  1838  ;  studied  law  with 
Timothy  Boutelle  ;  graduated  at  Harvard,  LL.  B., 
1839 ;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  of  Kennebec 
county,  Maine,  in  1838,  and  practised  in  Ben  ton 
and  Waterville.  1841-43.  He  published  The  Wa- 
tervillonian,  1841-42,  the  title  of  which  was 
afterward  changed  to  The  Yankee  Blade.  This 
paper  was  removed  to  Gardiner,  Maine,  in  1843, 
and  in  1847  to  Boston,  Mass.,  where  it  was 
merged  with  The  Portfolio  in  1856.  He  removed 
to  Chicago,  111.,  in  1856,  and  contributed  regu 
larly  to  the  press.  He  was  librarian  of  the 
Young  Men's  association,  1859-62,  and  was  pro 
fessor  of  rhetoric  and  English  literature  at  the 
University  of  Chicago,  1862-75,  resigning  in 
1875  to  devote  himself  to  literature.  In  1880  he 
removed  to  Boston.  The  degree  of  LL.D.  was 
conferred  on  him  by  Colby  in  1868.  He  travelled 
in  Europe,  1871-74.  He  was  married  :  first,  in 
1845,  to  Mary  Elizabeth  Dingley  of  Winslow, 
Maine  ;  secondly,  in  1850,  to  Isabel  T.  Marshall  of 
China,  Maine  ;  and,  thirdly,  in  1865,  to  Harriet 
N.  Griggs  of  Chicago,  111.  He  is  the  author  of  : 
Getting  On  in  the  World  (1873),  reprinted  in 
London  by  three  different  publishers,  and  trans 
lations  were  published  in  Stockholm  and  Buda 
pest  ;  The  Great  Conversers,  and  other  Essays 
(1874);  Words,  Their  Use  and  Abuse  (1876,  enlarg 
ed  ed.,  1884);  Hours  with  Men,  and  Books  (1877); 
Monday-Chats,  a  translation  of  selections  from 
the  Causeries  du  Lundi  of  C.  A.  Sainte-Beuve. 
with  an  introductory  biographical  and  critical 
essay  on  Sainte-Beuve  (1877);  Orator//  and  Ora 
tors  (1879  ;  reprinted  in  London);  Literary  Style, 
ami  Other  Essays  (1881);  Men,  Places  and  Tilings 
(1887);  Wit  and  Humor,  Their  Use  and  Abuse 
(1887)  ;  Nugce  Lilterarue,  or  Brief  Essays 
on  Literary,  Social  and  Other  Themes  (1896): 
critical  introductions  to  Bulwer's  novels  for 
Little,  Brown  &  Co. 's  subscription  edition  (1896), 
and  contributed  numerous  articles  to  the  North 
American  Review,  the  Anglo-American  and  other 
periodicals.  He  had  in  1901  two  works  nearly 
ready  for  publication. 


MATHEWS,  William  Smythe  Babcock,  editor 
and  composer,  was  born  in  Loudon,  N.H.,  May 
8,  1837  ;  son  of  the  Rev.  S.  S.  and  Elizabeth 
Smythe  (Babcock)  Mathews;  grandson  of  the 
Rev.  William  Smythe  Babcock  and  great2grand- 
son  of  Dr.  Joshua  Babcock  of  Westerly,  R. I., Yale, 
1724,  chief- justice  of  Rhode  Island,  fellow  of 
Brown  university,  1764-73.  He  acquired  a  clas 
sical  and  musical  education  and  began  teaching 
music  at  Appleton  academy,  Mt.  Vernon,  N.H., 
in  1852.  He  subsequently  taught  in  western 
New  York  and  Illinois  and  in  1860  became  ad 
junct  professor  of  music  in  Wesleyan  Female  col 
lege,  Macou,  Ga.  He  located  in  Chicago  in  1867, 
where  he  taught,  and  was  organist  of  Centenary 
M.  E.  church,  1867-93.  He  began  writing  for 
Dwight's  Journal  of  Music  in  1859  ;  edited  the 
Musical  Independent,  1868-71 ;  was  musical  critic 
of  the  Chicago  Herald,  1880-83 ;  of  the  Chicago 
Morning  News,  1883-86 ;  and  of  the  Chicago 
Tribune,  1887.  In  1891  he  founded  and  became 
editor-in-chief  of  Music,  published  in  Chicago. 
He  is  the  author  of  :  How  to  Understand  Music 
(1880,  2d  vol.,  1888);  Primer  of  Musical  Forms 
(1890);  Music  and  Its  Ideals  (1897);  Popular  His 
tory  of  Music  (1891);  The  Great  in  Music  (1900); 
Dictionary  of  Musical  Terms  (1895);  Primer  of 
Music  (1895) ;  The  Masters  and  Their  Music  (1898), 
and  many  collections  of  music  for  pedagogic 
purposes. 

MATHEWSON,  Elisha,  senator,  was  born  in 
Scituate,  R.I.,  April  18,  1767  ;  son  of  Thomas  and 
Hannah  (Clark)  Mathevvson.  His  ancestor, 
Thomas  Mathewson,  was  one  of  the  pioneer  set 
tlers  of  Rhode  Island,  and  bounded  and  came 
into  possession  of  several  hundred  acres  of  land, 
which  enriched  his  descendants.  Elisha  received 
an  average  school  training,  meanwhile  work 
ing  with  his  father  and  becoming  an  excellent 
farmer.  He  was  married,  July  27,  1787,  toPhebe 
Smith  of  Scituate,  R.I.  He  was  a  justice  of  the 
peace  and  held  other  town  offices  ;  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  the  state  legislature  and  a  state 
senator  for  many  years,  serving  as  speaker  of  the 
house  in  1822.  He  was  elected  U.S.  senator  to 
fill  the  unexpired  term  of  James  Fenner  (q.v. ), 
and  served  to  the  end  of  the  term,  March  3,  1811. 
He  died  at  Scituate,  R.I.,  Feb.  6,  1853. 

MATLACK,  Timothy,  delegate,  was  born  in 
Haddonfield,  X.J.,  probably  in  1730.  He  was 
brought  up  a  Quaker,  but  at  the  outbreak  of  the 
Revolution  he  joined  the  free  or  "  fighting 
Quakers.''  He  was  in  command  of  one  of  the 
battalions  of  Associators  of  Philadelphia  and 
served  against  the  Tories  of  Delaware.  He  was 
a  member  of  the  Provincial  conference  held  in 
Carpenter's  Hall,  June  18,  1775  ;  of  the  conven 
tion  of  July  15, 1776,  and  was  appointed  secretary 
of  state.  He  was  a  member  of  the  committee  of 

[105] 


MATSON 


MATTESON 


<ARPEAJTER'$  HALL 


S) 


safety  in  1776,  and  with  Benjamin  Franklin, 
Thomas  McKean.  John  Bayard  and  others,  was 
appointed  to  attend  the  conference  held  on  June 
14,  1776.  In  1785  he  was  selected  to  carry  on  the 
prosecution  against  Benedict  Arnold.  He  was  a 

delegate  to  the 
Continental  con 
gress,  1780-87, 
removed  to  Lan 
caster,  and  was 
master  of  the 
rolls  of  Penn 
sylvania.  1800- 
09.  The  office 
'was  discontinu- 
red,  March  29,  18- 
II  09,  and  he  was 
•3  prothonotary  of 
one  of  the  city 
courts  of  Philadelphia  for  many  years  thereafter. 
He  joined  Benjamin  Franklin  and  Robert  Morris 
in  establishing  and  erecting  the  Free  Quaker 
meeting-house  in  Philadelphia.  He  lived  nearly 
one  hundred  years  and  died  near  Holmesburg, 
Pa.,  April  15,  1829. 

MATSON,  Courtland  Gushing,  representative, 
was  born  in  Brookville,  Ind.,  April  25,  1841  ;  son 
of  the  Hon.  John  A.  and  Margaretta  M.  Matson, 
and  grandson  of  John  A.  and  Mary  (Anderson) 
Matson.  He  was  graduated  from  Indiana  As- 
bury  (De  Pauw)  university,  A.  13.,  1862,  A.M., 
1865.  In  1861  he  enlisted  as  a  private  in  the  16th 
Indiana  volunteers  and  in  1862  entered  the  6th 
Indiana  cavalry,  with  which  he  served  until  the 
close  of  the  war,  rising  to  the  rank  of  colonel. 
In  1865  he  began  the  study  of  law  with  his 
father  and  he  settled  in  practice  at  Greencastle, 
Ind.  He  was  three  times  elected  prosecuting 
attorney;  was  chairman  of  the  Democratic 
state  central  committee,  1878  ;  a  Democratic 
representative  from  the  fifth  Indiana  district  in 
the  47th,  48th,  49th  and  50th  congresses,  1881-89  ; 
and  candidate  for  governor  of  Indiana.  1888. 
He  was  married,  Dec.  12,  1871,  to  Mary  Nelson 
Farrow,  who  died,  Feb.  6,  1893.  After  the  close 
of  his  term  in  congress  he  resumed  the  practice 
of  law  at  Greencastle. 

MATTESON,  Charles,  jurist,  was  born  in 
Coventry,  R.I.,  March  21,  1840  ;  son  of  Asaheland 
Julia  M.  (Johnson)  Matteson  ;  grandson  of  Reu 
ben  and  Esther  (Burleson)  Matteson.  and  of  Usel 
and  Mehitabel  (Baker)  Johnson,  and  a  descend 
ant  of  Francis  Matteson,  who  came  to  Provi 
dence,  R.I..  from  England  in  1648.  He  was  pre 
pared  for  college  at  the  University  grammar 
school  and  was  graduated  at  Brown.  A.B..  1861, 
A.M.,  1864  ;  studied  law  at  Harvard  and  was 
admitted  to  the  Rhode  Island  bar  in  1864,  prac 
tising  in  Providence,  1864-75.  He  was  state 


senator.  1871-73.  He  was  married,  Aug.  22, 
1872,  to  Belle,  daughter  of  Paul  Hines,  of  War 
wick.  He  was  elected  an  associate  justice  of 
the  supreme  court  of  Rhode  Island  in  January, 
1875,  by  the  Republican  votes  in  the  state  legis 
lature  to  till  the  vacancy  caused  by  the  elevation 
of  Justice  Din-fee  to  the  chief-justiceship,  and  in 
July,  1891,  he  was  appointed  to  the  chief-justice 
ship  as  successor  to  Chief-Justice  Durfee,  re 
tired.  On  May  22,  1900,  he  retired  from  the 
bench  after  a  service  of  twenty-five  years  and 
visited  Europe.  He  received  the  degree  of 
LL.D.  from  Brown  in  1891. 

MATTESON,  Joel  Aldrich, governor  of  Illinois, 
was  born  in  Watertown.  N.Y.,  Aug.  2,  1808.  He 
attended  the  public  schools  of  Jefferson  county, 
taught  school  in  Brownsville,  N.Y.,and  was  fore 
man  of  the  construction  of  the  Charleston  and 
Augusta  railroad  in  South  Carolina,  1831-34.  In 
1834  he  settled  in  Illinois,  where  he  was  a  state 
senator  for  three  terms  and  governor  of  the  state, 
1853-57.  He  was  the  unsuccessful  Democratic 
candidate  for  U.S.  senator  during  his  term  as 
governor.  He  was  a  contractor  in  building  the 
Illinois  and  Michigan  canal,  and  upon  the  failure 
of  the  state  to  reimburse  him,  he  purchased 
from  the  state  all  the  iron  held  for  public  im 
provements  and  the  advance  in  the  price  pre 
vented  his  becoming  bankrupt.  He  was  presi 
dent  of  the  Chicago  and  Alton  railroad  and 
conducted  several  banks  on  the  line  of  the  road. 
He  died  in  Chicago.  111..  Jan.  31,  1883. 

MATTESON,  Orsamus  B.,  representative,  was 
born  in  Verona,  N.Y..  in  1805.  He  attended  pub 
lic  schools,  studied  law  in  the  olH.ce  of  (»reene  ('. 
Bronson  and  became  a  leading  lawyer  in  Utica. 
He  was  an  early  disciple  of  the  Freesoil  party  ; 
was  the  first  city  attorney  of  Utica  ;  a  com 
missioner  of  the  supreme  court  of  New  York  ;  and 
was  a  Free-soil  and  Republican  representative  in 
the  31st.  33d.  34th  and  35th  congresses,  1849-51 
and  1853-59.  He  became  conspicuous  by  being 
charged  with  declaring  that  a  large  number  of 
the  representatives  in  congress  were  purchasable, 
and  a  resolution  to  expel  him  failed  to  pass. 
He  died  in  Utica,  N.Y..  Dec,.  22,  1SS9. 

MATTESON,  Tompkins  Harrison,  historical 
painter,  was  born  in  Peterborough.  N.Y..May  9, 
1<S13.  He  learned  the  rudiments  of  drawing 
from  an  Indian  wood  carver  and  devoted  him 
self  to  the  study  of  art.  He  began  to  paint  por 
traits  in  1839,  but  met  with  indifferent  success 
until  the  purchase  by  the  American  Art  union  of 
his  famous  "  Spirit  of  "76."  He  removed  to 
New  York  city  and  continued  his  studies  at  the 
National  Academy  of  Design,  of  which  he  became 
an  associate  in  1847.  He  removed  to  Sherbourne, 
N.Y..  in  1851  ;  was  president  of  the  Chenango 
Agricultural  society  in  1825,  and  was  elected  a 


[-106] 


MATTHEWS 


MATTHEWS 


member  of  tlie  state  assembly.  Among  his  most 
important  works,  some  of  which  were  exhibited  iu 
ihe  Academy,  are  :  The  First  Sabbath  of  the  Pil 
grims  ;  Examination  of  a  \\~iteh-;  Perils  of  the 
Earl  a  Colonists  ;  Eliot  Preaching  to  the  Indians  ; 
First  Prayer  in  Congress  ;  Rip  Van  Winkle's  Re 
turn  from  the  Mountains  ;  Foddering  Cattle.  He 
•died  in  Slierbourne,  N.Y..  Feb.  2.  1884. 

MATTHEWS,  Albert  Franklin,  editor,  was 
born  in  St.  Joseph.  Mich. .May  14.  1858  ;  son  of  J.  H. 
.and  Mary  (Force)  Matthews.  He  was  graduated 
from  Cornell  university,  A.B.,  1883,  and  took  a 
post-graduate  coarse  there,  1883-84.  He  travelled 
as  a  lecture  agent  for  J.  15.  Pond,  accompanying 
Mark  Twain,  Henry  Ward  Beecher,  Carl  Schurz 
and  others  on  their  tours,  1883-86.  He  was  mar 
ried  in  1886  to  Mary  Crosby.  He  was  reporter, 
assistant  city  editor  and  editor  of  the  Philadelphia 
Press,  1886-90,  and  became  editor  of  the  New 
York  Sun  in  1890.  He  is  tbe  author  of  Phila 
delphia  (1889);  OKI-  Xaci/  in  Time  of  War  (1899) : 
The  Neir-born  Cuba  (1899):  and  numerous  contri 
butions  to  perodicals. 

MATTHEWS,Claude,goveriiorof  Indiana,  was 
born  in  Bethel,  Ky.,  Dec.  14,  184.") ;  son  of  Thomas 
and  Eliza  A.  (Fletcher)  Matthews,  and  grandson 
of  Thomas  Fletcher,  a  representative  from  Ken 
tucky  in  the  14th  congress,  1816-17.  He  was 
graduated  from  Centre  college,  Ky.,  1867,  and  re 
moved  to  Indiana.  He  was  married  at  Bain- 
bridge,  Ohio,  Jan.  1,  1868,  to  Martha,  daughter  of 
Senator  James  Whitcomb  (q.v.),  and  became  a 
practical  farmer  and  stock  raiser  at  Clinton,  Ind. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  Farmers'  Mutual  Bene 
fit  association  ;  a  Democratic  representative  in 
the  state  legislature,  1877-78  :  was  defeated  for 
state  senator  in  1882  ;  was  secretary  of  state, 
1890-92.  and  governor  of  Indiana,  1892-97.  Soon 
after  his  inauguration  he  was  obliged  to  call  out 
the  state  militia  to  suppress  a  threatened  riot 
caused  by  the  coal-miners'  strike,  and  in  1893 
when  the  local  authorities  were  defied  by  the 
Roby  prize-fighters,  he  again  called  on  the  militia 
and  suppressed  the  Columbian  athletic  Club,  and 
when  the  question  of  paying  the  troops  for  this  ser 
vice  came  up  he  pledged  his  personal  credit  to  the 
extent  of  $41,000  in  order  to  secure  the  money.  He 
was  the  second  statesman  named  as  a  candidate 
for  nomination  for  President  of  the  United  States 
before  the  Democratic  national  convention  at 
Chicago,  July  7.  1896.  and  received  37  votes  on 
the  first  ballot  and  36  on  the  fourth  ballot.  He 
died  in  Indianapolis.  Ind..  Aug.  28,  1898. 

MATTHEWS,  Edmund  Orville,  naval  officer, 
was  born  in  Baltimore,  Md..  Oct.  24,  1836  ;  son  of 
John, 'Jr.,  and  Mary  Righter  (Levering)  Matthews. 
He  was  appointed  to  the  U.S.  Naval  academy  from 
the  second  district  of  Missouri,  Oct.  2,  1851,  and 
•was  graduated,  June  9,  1855.  He  was  promoted 


passed  midshipman.  April  15,  1858,  master, 
Nov.  4.  1858,  and  lieutenant,  June  27,  1860.  He 
was  instructor  in  mathematics  at  the  U.S.  Naval 
academy,  1860-61  ;  attached  to  the  Wabash  and 
assisted  in  the  capture  of  the  forts  at  Hatteras  In 
let,  May  to  November,  1861,  and  was  an  instructor 
in  seamanship  at  the  Naval  academy,  1862. 
He  was  promoted  lieutenant-commander,  July  16, 
1862  ;  was  head  of  the  department  of  gun 
nery,  1862-64,  and  in  1864-65  he  commanded  the 
monitor  Montauk  and  the  Sonoma  of  the  South 
Atlantic  squadron,  and  constructed  a  battery 
on  Morris  Island,  S.C., also  commanding  the  naval 
light  artillery  at  Honey  Hill,  S.C.,  Nov.  30, 1864, 
and  at  the  battle  of  Tulifinny  Cross-Roads  in 
December,  1864.  He  served  on  the  staff  of  Ad 
miral  Dahlgren,  January  to  July,  1865,  on  the 
apprentice-ship  Savannah  in  August,  1865,  and 
in  the  department  of  gunnery  at  the  Naval  acad 
emy,  1865-69,  being  head  of  the  department, 
1866-69.  As  head  of  the  torpedo  corps,  1869-73, 
lie  selected  and  built  up  stations  on  Goat  Island, 
Newport,  R.I.  He  was  promoted  commander, 
April  22,  1870  ;  commanded  the  Ashuelot  on  the 
Asiatic  station,  1873-77.  and  was  inspector  of 
ordnance  at  the  navy-yard,  New  York,  1878-81. 
He  was  promoted  captain,  Sept.  14,  1881  ;  com 
manded  the  Powhatan  on  special  service,  1881-83, 
and  the  training  ship  New  Hampshire,  1883-84; 
was  a  member 
of  the  gun  foun 
dry  board,  1883- 
85,  and  com 
manded  the 
Brooklyn,  Asia 
tic  station,  18- ~ 
85-87.  He  was  u.s.S  BROOKUYAI. 

captain  of  the  Boston  navy-yard,  1887-90  ;  com 
manded  the  receiving  ship  Wabash,  1890-91  ; 
was  a  member  of  the  board  of  inspection  and 
survey,  1891-94,  and  was  promoted  commodore, 
July  21,  1894.  HL>  was  chief  of  the  bureau  of 
yards  and  docks,  navy  department,  March, 
1894-98  ;  was  promoted  rear-admiral,  June  19, 
1897,  and  was  president  of  the  examining  board 
from  March,  1898,  until  he  was  retired  on  Oct. 
24,  1898,  and  was  a  member  of  board  on  pro 
motions  until  end  of  war  with  Spain.  He  was 
married  twice  :  first,  May  22,  1878,  to  Harriet 
Robinson,  daughter  of  Benjamin  W.  Hammond, 
of  Newport,  R.  I.  ;  she  died  Feb.  23,  1883  ;  and 
secondly,  Nov.  5,  1884,  to  her  sister,  Alzaida 
Roslyn  Hammond. 

MATTHEWS  (James)  Brander,  author,  was 
born  in  New  Orleans.  La.,  Feb.  21,  1852;  son  of 
Edward  and  Virginia  (Brander)  Matthews  ; 
grandson  of  James  Matthews  of  Yarmouth, 
Mass.,  and  a  descendant  of  James  Matthews, 
who  came  to  Cape  Cod  early  in  the  seventeenth 


[407] 


MATTHEWS 


MATTHEWS 


;;" 


century.  His  parents  removed  to  New  York  in 
1856  and  he  attended  school  in  that  city  and  was 
graduated  from  Columbia  college,  A.B.,  1871, 
A.M.,  1874,  being  class  poet.  He  was  graduated 
from  Columbia  Law  school,  LL.B.,  1873,  and 
was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  New  York 
city  the  same  year. 
He  early  developed 
a  taste  for  literary 
work  and  his  first 
signed  article  was 
published  in  The  Ga 
laxy  in  1878.  He 
turned  his  attention 
first  to  the  drama 
and  later  to  general 
literary  work.  He 
was  appointed  pro 
fessor  of  literature 
at  Columbia  college 
in  1892.  and  profess 
or  of  dramatic  literature  in  1898.  He  was 
one  of  the  founders  of  the  Authors  club  and  of 
The  Players,  helped  to  found  the  Dunlap  society 
and  the  American  Copyright  league  and  was 
vice-president  of  the  Nineteenth  Century  club, 
1887-89,  and  president,  1889-91.  He  received  the 
degree  of  D.C.L.  from  the  University  of  the 
South  in  1899  and  that  of  Litt.D.  from  Yale  uni 
versity  in  1901.  He  was  one  of  the  founders  of 
the  Columbia  University  Press  (1892)  of  which 
he  was  made  a  trustee.  He  edited  '  Comedies 
for  American  Acting"  (1879);  "  Poems  of  Amer 
ican  Patriotism"  (1882);  "Sheridan's  Come 
dies,"  with  biography  (1884) ;  "  Ballads  of  Books  " 
(188G);  in  collaboration  with  Laurence  Hutton, 
"  Actors  and  Actresses  of  Great  Britain  and  the 
United  States"  (5  vols.,  1886);  and  William  Dun- 
lap's  "  Andre  "and  Burke's  "  Bunker  Hill  "  for 
the  Dunlap  society  (1887  and  1891).  His  first 
book  was  published  in  1879  and  his  first  play  was 
acted  in  1884.  He  is  the  author  of :  The  Theatres 
of  Paris  (1880);  French  Dramatists  of  the  Nine 
teenth  Century  (1881);  In  Partnership  (1884) ;  The 
Last  Meeting  :  a  Story  ( 1885) ;  A  Secret  of  the  Sea, 
and  Ot  her  Stories  ( 1886);  Pen  and  Ink:  Papers  on 
Subjects  of  more  or  less  Importance  (1888);  A 
Family  Tree,  and  Other  Stories  (1889);  American 
Literature  (1896):  Outlines  in  Local  Color  (1897); 
A  Confident  To-morrow  (1898);  The  Action  and 
the  Word  (1900);  The  Historical  Novel  and  Other 
Assays  (1901);  Parts  of  Speech  :  Essays  on  Eng 
lish  (1901).  Among  his  produced  plays  are  :  Mar 
gery's  Lovers,  comedy,  three  acts  :  London,  1884, 
New  York,  1887  ;  This  Picture  and  That,  comedy, 
one  act :  New  York,  1887  :  A  Gold  Mine,  comedy, 
three  acts  (with  George  H.  Jessop):  Memphis, 
1887,  New  York,  1889  ;  and  On  Probation,  comedy, 


four  acts  (also  with  Mr.  Jessop)  :  Chicago,  1889  7 
New  York,  1890.  Under  the  pen-name  of  "  Arthur 
Penn  "  he  edited  The  Rhymester  (1882)  and  wrote 
The  Home  Library  (1883). 

MATTHEWS,  John,  clergyman,  was  born  in 
Guilford  county,  N.C.,  Jan.  19,  1772.  He  was  a 
mechanic,  and  in  1792  began  the  study  of  theol 
ogy  under  the  Rev.  Dr.  David  Caldwell  and  was 
licensed  to  preach  by  the  presbytery  of  Orange 
in  March,  1801.  He  was  a  missionary  in  Natchez, 
Miss.,  1802;  pastor  of  churches  at  Nutbush  and 
Grassy  Creek,'  N.C.,  1803-06:  at  Martinsburg, 
Va.,  1808-08,  and  divided  his  time  between 
churches  at  Shepardstown  and  Charlestown,  Va., 
1808-26.  He  was  professor  of  theology  in  the 
newly  established  theological  seminary,  Han 
over,  Ind.,  1831-48;  trustee  of  Hanover  college 
1832-44  ;  vice-president,  and  frequently  supplied 
vacancies  in  the  college  faculty.  He  is  the 
author  of :  Divine  Purpose  Displayed  in  the 
Works  of  Providence  and  Grace  ;  The  Influence  of 
the  Bible  and  of  several  published  sermons.  Ho 
died  in  New  Albany,  Ind.,  May  19,  1848. 

MATTHEWS,  Stanley,  jurist,  was  born  in 
Cincinnati,  Ohio,  July  21,  1824.  He  was  gradu 
ated  from  Kenyon  college  in  1840  ;  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  1842  and  practised  in  Maury  county, 
Tenn.,  1842-44.  He  returned  to  Cincinnati, 
Ohio,  in  1844 ;  was 
appointed  assistant 
prosecutor  for  Ham 
ilton  county  in  18 
45 ;  engaged  in  the 
anti-slavery  move 
ment  ;  and  was  as 
sistant  editor  of  the 
Cincinnati  Herald, 
1846-49,  the  first  an 
ti-slavery  daily  in 
the  city.  While 
clerk  of  the  .  state 
assembly,  1849-50,  he 
gained  considerable 
political  influence  and 
he  was  elected  judge 

of  the  court  of  common  pleas,  serving  1850-53.  He 
practised  law,  1853-56  ;  was  state  senator  from 
the  1st  district  of  Ohio,  1856-58  ;  and  U.S.  dis 
trict-attorney  for  the  southern  district  of  Ohio- 
by  appointment  of  President  Buchanan,  1858-61, 
resigning  early  in  1861,  having  joined  the  Re 
publican  party.  In  March,  1861,  he  joined  the 
Federal  army  and  was  commissioned  lieutenant- 
colonel  of  the  23d  Ohio  volunteers,  of  which 
William  S.  Rosecrans  was  colonel  and  Ruther 
ford  B.  Hayes,  major.  He  served  in  the  brigade 
of  General  Rosecrans  in  the  actions  at  Rich 
Mountain  and  Carnifex  Ferry  :  became  colonel 
of  the  51st  Ohio  regiment  in  October,  1861,  and 


[408] 


MATTHEWS 


MATTOCKS 


joined  the  forces  of  General  Buell  in  Kentucky 
and  advanced  with  him  into  East  Tennessee. 
Prior  to  the  battle  of  Shiloh,  April  7,  1862,  his 
regiment  was  detached  to  act  under  the  instruc 
tion  of  Governor  Andrew  Johnson  as  provost 
guard  at  Nashville  to  enforce  the  authority  of  the 
governor.  In  Bragg's  invasion  of  Kentucky,  lie 
commanded  the  23d  brigade,  5th  division,  2d 
army  corps.  Army  of  the  Ohio,  and  took  part  in 
the  battle  of  Perryville,  Oct.  8,  1862.  On  Dec. 
9,  1862,  he  successfully  withstood  the  attack  of 
Gen.  Joseph  Wheeler  on  the  road  leading  to 
Murfreesboro.  He  resigned  his  commission 
early  in  1863  ;  returned  to  Cincinnati;  was  judge 
of  the  superior  court,  1863-64,  and  resumed  his 
private  practice  in  Cincinnati  in  1864.  He  was  a 
presidential  elector  on  the  Lincoln  and  Johnson 
ticket  in  1864,  and  on  the  Grant  and  Colfax 
ticket  in  1868.  He  was  a  delegate  from  the  pres 
bytery  of  Cincinnati,  synod  of  Ohio,  to  the  old 
school  branch,  general  assembly  of  the  Presby 
terian  church,  held  at  Newark,  N.J.,  in  1864. 
He  was  defeated  for  representative  in  the  45th 
congress  by  Henry  B.  Banning,  Democrat,  in 
1876  ;  was  counsel  before  the  electoral  commis 
sion  in  1877,  making  the  opening  argument  for 
the  Republican  claimants  in  the  Florida  case  and 
the  principal  argument  in  the  Oregon  case.  He 
was  elected  U.S.  senator  to  succeed  John  Sher 
man,  who  resigned  in  March,  1877,  and  served 
till  March  3,  1879.  In  1881  he  was  nominated 
as  associate  justice  of  the  U.S.  supreme  court  by 
President  Hayes,  and  the  Democratic  senators, 
who  were  in  the  majority,  refused  to  confirm  the 
nomination,  as  he  had  for  years  been  an  attorney 
for  railroads  and  other  corporations.  President 
Garfield  on  succeeding  to  the  Presidency  sent 
Mr.  Matthews's  name  to  the  senate  for  the  same 
position  on  March  15,  1881,  and  he  was  confirmed 
after  a  spirited  partisan  contest  in  the  senate 
which  lasted  till  May  12,  18SI.  He  died  in  Wash 
ington,  D.C.,  March  22,  1889. 

MATTHEWS,  Vincent,  representative,  was 
born  in  Orange  county.  N.Y..  June  20.  1766.  He 
attended  Noah  Webster's  school  at  Goshen,  N.Y., 
studied  law  in  New  York  city,  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  1790,  and  established  a  good  practice 
at  Elmira,  N.Y.  He  was  appointed  a  judge  of 
the  supreme  court  of  New  York.  1793  ;  was  a 
member  of  the  state  assembly  in  1793  ;  state 
senator,  1796-97  and  1809  ;  commissioner  to  settle 
and  adjust  the  bounty  land  claims  in  1798  and 
was  a  Federal  representative  in  the  llth  con 
gress,  1809-11.  He  was  district  attorney  for 
several  counties  in  western  New  York.  1812-15; 
removed  to  Bath  and  thence  to  Rochester,  N.Y., 
and  was  again  a  member  of  the  state  assembly 
in  1826  ;  district  attorney  of  Monroe  county, 
1831-33,  and  became  chancellor  of  the  state  of 


New  York.  He  received  the  honorary  degree  of 
LL.D.  from  Geneva  college  (Hobart)  in  1842. 
He  died  in  Rochester,  N.Y.,  Aug.  23,  1846. 

MATTHEWS,  Washington,  author,  was  born 
at  Killiney,  Ireland,  July  17,  1843 ;  son  of 
Nicholas  Blaney  and  Anna  (Burke)  Matthews. 
He  immigrated  with  his  parents  to  America  and 
lived  in  Wisconsin,  and  later  in  Io%va.  He  was 
graduated  from  the  medical  department  of  the 
University  of  Iowa  in  1864  and  was  acting  assist 
ant  surgeon  in  the  Federal  army,  1864-65.  He 
re-entered  the  service  in  1865  as  post  surgeon  at 
Fort  Union,  Mont.,  and  was  appointed  assistant 
surgeon  in  the  regular  army,  with  the  rank  of 
1st  lieutenant,  Nov.  16,  1868.  He  was  promoted 
captain  in  1871,  major,  July  10,  1889,  and  was 
retired  from  active  service,  on  account  of  disa 
bility  contracted  in  line  of  duty,  Sept.  25,  1895. 
He  made  an  extensive  study  of  the  language  and 
ethnology  of  the  American  Indians.  A  manu 
script  on  the  myths,  customs  and  language  of 
the  Hidatsa  Indians  was  nearly  ready  for  the 
press,  but  on  Jan.  28,  1871,  it  was  destroyed  by 
fire.  He  resided  in  New  York,  1872-75,  and  in 
California,  1875-80,  where  he  studied  the  Indian 
tribes  of  that  region.  In  1880  he  went  to  New- 
Mexico  and  began  a  series  of  ethnological  inves 
tigations  among  the  Navaho  Indians.  He  was 
ordered  on  duty  at  Washington,  D.C.,  in  1884. 
Here  he  was  engaged  in  somatological  studies  in 
the  Army  Medical  museum  and  in  ethnographic 
and  arclueologic  investigations  for  the  bureau  of 
ethnology  and  for  the  Hemenway  Southwestern 
Archaeological  expedition.  He  returned  to  New 
Mexico  in  1890,  and  remained  until  1894.  The 
honorary  degree  of  LL.D.  was  conferred  on  him 
by  the  State  University  of  Iowa  in  1888.  He  was 
president  of  the  American  Folk-Lore  society  in 
1896  ;  and  was  elected  a  fellow  of  the  American 
Association  for  the  Advancement  of  Science, 
and  a  member  of  many  other  scientific  societies. 
He  is  the  author  of  :  Grammar  and  Dictionary 
of  the  Language,  of  the  Hidatsa  (1873);  English- 
Hidatsa  Vocabulary  (1873);  Ethnography  and 
Philology  of  the  Hidatsa  Indians  (1877);  Human 
Bones  of  the  Hemenway  Collection  (1891);  Navaho 
Legends  (1897);  besides  many  other  books  and 
articles  for  scientific  magazines  and  government 
reports. 

MATTOCKS,  Charles  Porter,  soldier,  was 
born  in  Danville,  Vt,,  Oct.  11,  1840;  son  of 
Henry  and  Martha  (Porter)  Mattocks.  He  was 
graduated  at  Andover  academy  in  1858  and 
from  Bowdoin  college,  A.B..  1862.  A.M.,  1865. 
He  enlisted  in  the  17th  Maine  regiment  as  1st 
lieutenant,  Aug.  2,  1862;  was  promoted  captain, 
Dec.  4.  1862;  major,  Dec.  22.  1863,  and  colonel, 
May  15,  1865.  He  commanded  the  1st  U.S. 
sharpshooters  during  the  winter  and  spring  of 


[400] 


MATTOCKS 


MATT8ON 


1864,  and  was  brevet  ted  brigadier-general  for 
gallant  services  during  the  campaign  ending  with 
the  surrender  of  General  Lee  at  Appomattox, 
March  13,  1865.  He  received  a  medal  of  honor 
from  congress  for  gallantry  at  Little  Sailors 
Creek,  Va.,  April  6,  1865,  and  was  mustered  out 
of  service  in  1865.  He  was  graduated  from 
Harvard  Law  school,  LL.B.,  1867,  and  practised 
in  Portland,  Maine.  He  was  state's  attorney  of 
Cumberland  county,  Maine,  1869-72,  a  representa 
tive  in  the  state  legislature,  1880-84,  and  was 
appointed  judge  of  probate  of  Cumberland 
•county,  Dec.  11,  1900.  Upon  the  outbreak  of  the 
Spanish  American  war  he  was  reappointed 
brigadier -general  of  U.S.  volunteers,  June  9, 
1898,  and  was  assigned  to  the  3d  army  corps  at 
Chickamauga,  Ga.  He  was  honorably  discharged, 
Oct.  31,  1898,  at  the  close  of  the  war. 

MATTOCKS,  John,  governor  of  Vermont,  was 
born  in  Hartford,  Conn.,  March  4,  1777,  son  of 
Samuel  Mattocks,  a  captain  in  the* Continental 
Army,  who  removed  to  Tinmouth,  Vt.,  in  1778  : 
served  in  the  state  legislature  ;  was  chief- justice 
of  the  Rutland  county  court 
and  state  treasurer,  1786- 
1800.  John  studied  law  with 
his  father  ;  lived  with  his 
sister  Rebecca,  who  had 
married  Samuel  Miller,  a 
lawyer,  who  had  an  office 
at  Middlebury.  1792-95,  and 
with  Judge  Bates  Turner,  at  Fail-field,  1795-97  ; 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1797,  and  practised 
at  Danville.  He  removed  to  Peacham,  Vt., 
where  he  was  a  director  of  the  Vermont  State 
bank,  and  brigadier-general  of  the  state  militia 
in  1812.  He  was  married,  Sept.  4.  1810.  to 
Esther  Newell,  who  died  July  21,  1844,  leaving  a 
son  and  three  daughters.  He  was  a  representa 
tive  in  the  state  legislature  in  1807,  1815-16  and 
1823-24  ;  a  delegate  to  the  constitutional  conven 
tion  of  18:56,  and  was  a  representative  in  the 
17th,  19th,  and  27th  congresses.  1821-23.  1825-27 
and  1841-43.  He  was  judge  of  the  supreme 
court  of  Vermont  in  1832  ;  and  was  elected 
governor  of  the  state  by  the  Whig  party  in  1843 
and  served  one  term.  He  died  at  Peacham,  Vt., 
Aug.  14.  1847. 

MATTOON,  Ebenezer,  representative,  was 
born  in  Ainherst,  Mass..  Aug.  19,  1755.  He  was 
graduated  from  Dartmouth,  A.B.,  1776,  A.M., 
1779;  served  in  the  Revolutionary  army  in  Can 
ada,  as  a  lieutenant  of  artillery,  at  Bemis's 
Heights,  Oct.  7,  1777,  and  reached  the  rank  of 
major.  He  was  a  representative  in  the  general 
court  for  several  terms ;  state  senator,  1795-96  ; 
an  Adams  presidential  elector  in  1797  ;  major- 
general  of  the  4th  division,  state  militia,  1797- 
1816  ;  and  was  a  representative  in  the  7th  con 


gress  to  fill  a  vacancy  caused  by  the  resignation 
of  Samuel  Lyman,  serving  from  Feb.  2,  1801. 
He  was  sheriff  of  Hampshire  county  for  twenty 
years  ;  was  adjutant-general  of  Massachusetts. 
1816  ;  was  a  member  and  in  1817  commander  of 
the  Ancient  and  Honorable  Artillery  of  Boston, 
but  resigned  on  account  of  an  affliction  of  his 
eyes.  He  became  totally  blind,  but  continued  to 
cultivate  his  farm.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the 
state  constitutional  convention  in  1820.  He  died 
in  Amherst,  Mass..  Sept.  11,  1842. 

MATTOON,   Stephen,  educator,  was  born  in 
Champion,  N.Y.,  May  5,  1816.     He   was   gradu 
ated   from  Union  college  in  1842,  and  from  the 
Princeton   Theological    seminary   in    1846;    and 
was  ordained  an  evangelist  by  the  Presbytery  of 
Troy,  Feb.  11,  1846.     He  was  in  Siam  as  a  mis 
sionary  under  the   auspices  of  the  Presbyterian 
board  of   foreign  missions,    1846-66,    and  pastor 
of  the  First  church  at   Bangkok,  Siam,  1860-66 
He  was  pastor  at  Ballston  Spa,  N.Y.,  1867-69 
and  stated  supply  at  New  Hope,  N.C.,  1870-71 
at  the  Second  church,  Charlotte,  N.C.,  1871-78 
and  at  Cakhvell,  Hopewell  and  Good  Hope,  N.C. 
1878-79,     He  was  president  of  Biddle  university 
N.C.,  1870-84  ;  and  filled  the  chair  of  systematic 
theology,  1877-88.     He  translated  the  New  Testa 
ment  into  Siamese  (1865).     The  honorary  degree 
of  D.D.  was  conferred  on  him  by  Union  college 
in  1870.     He  died  in  Marion.  Ohio.  Aug.  15.  1889. 

MATTSON,  Hans,  U.S.  consul,  was  born  in 
Khristianstad,  Sweden,  in  1832.  He  served  in 
the  Swedish  arm}',  1849-51  :  immigrated  to  the 
United  States  in  1851,  and  resided  in  Boston.  He 
was  cabin  boy  on  a  coastwise  steamer,  and  in 
1855  removed  to  Galesburg.  111.,  and  soon  after 
to  Malone,  where  his  father,  with  several  Swed 
ish  companions,  joined  him,  and  the  whole  party 
took  up  claims  in  Goodliue  county,  Minn.,  and 
founded  the  town  of  Vasa.  In  1857  he  removed 
to  Red  Wing,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1858.  He  was  auditor  of  Goodliue  county,  1859- 
61,  and  in  1861  became  captain  of  a  company  of 
Swedes  and  was  mustered  into  the  Federal 
service  in  the  3d  Minnesota  volunteers.  He 
served  through  the  war,  received  the  surrender 
of  Gen.  M.  J.  Thompson  at  Batesville.  Ark.,  in 
1865.  and  was  shortly  afterward  mustered  out, 
having  attained  the  rank  of  colonel.  He  en 
gaged  in  editorial  work  ;  was  a  member  of  the 
state  board  of  immigration  ;  secretary  of  the 
state  of  Minnesota,  1870-72  and  1887-91  ;  and 
European  agent  for  Jay  Cooke  &  Co.,  1872-73. 
He  published  the  Svenska.  Folkets  Tiduing  at 
Minneapolis.  1876-81  :  and  was  also  an  editorial 
writer  for  the  Svenska  Tribunen,  Chicago,  111. 
He  was  U.S.  consul-general  at  Calcutta,  India, 
1881-83,  and  engaged  in  the  banking  in  Minneapo 
lis,  Minn.,  where  he  died,  March  5,  1893. 


[410] 


MATZ 


MAURY 


MATZ,  Nicholas  Chrysostom,  R.C.  bishop, 
was  born  in  Minister,  Lorraine,  France,  April  6, 
1850.  He  was  educated  at  the  Petit  Seminaire, 
Finstingen,  France,  and  immigrated  to  the 
United  States  in  1868.  He  was  prepared  for  the 
priesthood  in  the  College  of  St.  Mary's  of  the 
West,  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  and  was  ordained,  May 
81,  1874,  at  Denver,  Col.,  by  Vicar  Apostolic 
Macliebeuf.  He  was  assistant  pastor  at  the 
Denver  cathedral,  1874-77 ;  pastor  at  George- 
tftwn.  Col.,  1877-85,  and  of  St.  Ann's,  East  Den 
ver,  Col.,  1885-87.  He  was  appointed  coadjutor 
to  Vicar  Apostolic  Macliebeuf,  who  became  the 
first  bishop  of  the  newly  created  diocese  of  Den 
ver  in  1887,  and  he  was  consecrated  at  Denver, 
Col.,  Oct.  28,  1887,  by  Archbishop  Salpointe,  as 
sisted  by  Vicar  Apostolic  Macliebeuf  and  the  Ab 
bot  Frowinus,  his  title  being  Bishop  of  Telmassa. 
He  served  as  coadjutor  to  Bishop  Macliebeuf  until 
the  death  of  that  prelate,  July  10,  1889,  when  he 
succeeded  to  the  see  of  Denver. 

MAUCK,  Joseph  William,  educator,  was  born 
at  Cheshire,  Ohio,  Aug.  17,  1852  ;  son  of  Joseph 
and  Adaline  R.  (Sigler)  Mauck  ;  grandson  of 
Joseph  and  Elizabeth  Mauck,  and  a  descendant  of 
Daniel  Mauck,  born  in  Pennsylvania,  about  1725, 
who  removed  to  Shanandoah  county,  Va.,  in 
1751.  He  was  graduated  at  Hillsdale  college, 
Mich.,  A.B.,  1875,  A.M.,  1877;  was  an  under 
graduate  tutor  in  Greek  and  Latin  at  Hillsdale 
college,  1872-75  ;  professor  of  Greek,  1876-80  ;  a 
post-graduate  student  at  Johns  Hopkins  univer 
sity  in  1881,  and  professor  of  Latin  in  Hillsdale 
college.  1881-83.  He  engaged  in  editorial  work 
in  Chicago,  111.,  1883-85,  and  in  banking  and  in 
surance  in  Minneapolis,  Minn.,  1885-91  ;  was  act 
ing  editor  and  publisher  of  the  Free  Baptist,  in 
Minneapolis,  1887  ;  president  of  the  University  of 
South  Dakota,  Vermillion,  1891-97  ;  superintend 
ent  of  the  South  Dakota  educational  exhibit  at 
the  World's  Columbian  exposition,  Chicago,  111., 
in  1893,  and  a  trustee  of  Hillsdale  college,  1881- 
92,  and  again  elected  in  1900. 

MALJPHIN,  Socrates,  educator,  was  born  in 
Albemarle  county,  Va.,  Nov.  12,  1808  ;  a  descend 
ant  of  Huguenot  ancestors.  He  was  graduated 
at  Washington  college,  Lexington,  Va.,  in  1828, 
and  from  the  medical  department  of  the  Univer 
sity  of  Virginia  in  1830.  He- then  took  a  general 
literary  and  scientific  course  in  the  University  of 
Virginia,  receiving  his  A.M.  degree  in  1833.  He 
was  professor  of  ancient  languages  and  mathe 
matics  at  Hampden  Sidney  college,  1833-35,  and 
principal  of  Richmond  academy,  1835-38.  He 
then  established  a  private  school  which  lie  con 
ducted  until  1853,  and  he  was  also  one  of  the 
founders  in  1838  of  the  Richmond  Medical  school, 
in  which  he  was  professor  of  chemistry  and 
afterward  dean.  In  1853  he  was  appointed  pro 


fessor  of  chemistry  and  pharmacy  in  the  Univer 
sity  of  Virginia,  and  became  chairman  of  the 
faculty  in  1854,  continuing  as  such  until  his  death. 
He  was  an  active  member  and  promoter  of  the 
Virginia  Historical  society.  He  died  in  Lynch- 
burgh,  Va.,  Oct.  19,  1871. 

MAURY,  Abram  Poindexter,  representative, 
was  born  in  Williamson  county,  Tenn.,  Dec.  26, 
1801;  son  of  Abram  (1766-1825)  and  Martha 
(Worsham)  (1775-1844)  Maury,  who  came  from 
Lunenburg  county,  Va.,  to  Williamson  county, 
Tenn.,  late  in  the  eighteenth  century;  grandson 
of  Abraham  (1731-1784)  and  Susannah  (Poindex 
ter)  (1746-1801)  Maury  ;  great-grandson  of  Mat 
thew  and  Mary  Ann  (Fontaine)  Maury,  Hugue 
not  refugees,  married  in  England,  1716,  and  settled 
in  Virginia,  1719.  Abram  Poindexter  Maury  re 
ceived  a  superior  education,  and  when  sixteen 
years  of  age  was  taken  to  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  by  Col. 
Thomas  H.  Benton,  to  edit  a  newspaper.  He  re 
signed  the  editorship  the  next  year  to  enter  the 
U.S.  Military  academy,  but  left  the  academy  in 
1819  to  study  law  and  edit  a  newspaper  in  Nash 
ville,  Tenn.  He  was  married,  Jan.  12,  1825,  to 
Mary  Eliza  Tennessee  Claiborne,  a  niece  of  W. 
C.  C.  Claiborne,  first  governor  of  Louisiana.  Mr. 
Maury  purchased  the  homestead  in  Williamson 
county,  on  the  death  of  his  father  in  1825,  and  he 
represented  the  county  in  both  branches  of  the 
Tennessee  legislature  and  in  the  24th  and  25th 
congresses,  1835-39.  After  1839,  he  devoted 
himself  to  the  practice  of  law,  to  literary  pur 
suits,  and  to  lecturing.  He  died  in  Franklin, 
Tenn.,  July  16,  1848. 

MAURY,  Ann,  author,  was  born  in  Liverpool, 
England,  September,  1803  ;  daughter  of  James 
and  Mary(Rutson)Maury  ;  grand-daughter  of  the 
Rev.  James  and  Mary  (Walker)  Maury;  great- 
granddaughter  of  Matthew  and  Mary  Ann  (Fon 
taine)  Maury.  the  Huguenot  emigrants,  and 
great'2-grand daughter  of  the  Rev.  James  and  Ann 
Elizabeth  (Boursiquot)  Fontaine,  who  before  their 
marriage  fled  from  France  to  England,  Nov.  30, 
1685.  Her  father  was  U.S.  consul  to  Liverpool, 
1789-1837.  She  was  educated  in  Liverpool,  and 
on  the  return  of  her  parents  to  New  York  in 
1837  she  published  A  Tale  of  the  Huguenots,  or 
Memoirs  of  a  Huguenot  Refugee  Family,  com 
piled  from  the  manuscripts  of  the  Rev.  James 
Fontaine  by  one  of  his  descendants,  with  an  intro 
duction  by  the  Rev.  F.  L.  Haivks,  D.D.  In  1853 
George  P.  Putnam  &  Co.  republished  the  work 
under  the  title  Memoirs  of  a  Huguenot  Family, 
translated  and  compiled  from  the  original  auto 
biography  of  the  Rev.  James  Fontaine,  by  Ann 
Maury,  late  of  New  York  City,  icith  an  appendix 
giving  Translations  of  the  Edict  of  Nantes,  the 
Edict  of  Revocation,  etc.  Ann  Maury  died  in 
New  York  city  in  January,  1876. 


[411] 


MAURY 


MAURY 


MAURY,  Dabney  Herndon,  soldier,  was  born 
in  Fredericksburg,  Va.,  May  20,  1822;  son  of 
Capt.  John  Minor  and  Eliza  (Maury)  Maury.  He 
was  a  student  at  the  University  of  Virginia, 
Charlottesville,  1839-41  ;  studied  law  under  Judge 
Taylor  Loinax,  1841-42,  and  was  graduated 

from  the  U.S.  Mili- 
taiy  academy  in  1846, 
and  was  promoted  in 
the  army  brevet  2d 
lieutenant  of  mount 
ed  rifles,  July  1,  18- 
46.  He  served  in 
the  war  with  Mexico, 
1846-49,  participat 
ing  in  the  siege  of 
Vera  Cruz,  and  was 
severely  wounded. 
He  was  brevetted 
1st  lieutenant  for 
Cerro  Gordo,  was  pro- 
moted  2d  lieutenant 
of  3d  artillery,  July 
1,  1847,  but  was  re-transferred  to  the  Mounted 
Rifles,  Feb.  19,  1848,  as  3d  lieutenant  to  rank  from 
July  1,  1847.  He  was  assistant  professor  of  geog 
raphy,  history  and  ethics  at  the  U.S.  Military 
academy,  1847-50,  and  of  infantry  tactics,  1850- 
52.  He  served  on  frontier  duty  in  Texas,  1852- 
53 ;  was  promoted  1st  lieutenant  of  Mounted 
Rifles,  Jan.  27,  1853  ;  and  was  superintendent  of 
the  cavalry  school  for  practice,  Carlisle,  Pa., 
1858-59.  He  was  brevetted  captain  of  staff  and 
assistant  adjutant-general,  April  17,  1860,  and 
assistant  adjutant-general  of  the  department  of 
New  Mexico,  1860-61.  He  was  dismissed  from 
the  U.S.  army,  June  25,  1861  ;  joined  the  Con 
federate  States  army  as  brevet  colonel  and  adju 
tant,  and  was  assigned  to  the  Trans-Mississippi 
department  in  February,  1862,  as  chief  of  staff  to 
Gen.  Earl  Van  Dorn.  He  was  brevetted  briga 
dier-general  for  gallantry  at  Pea  Ridge,  and  during 
the  evacuation  of  Corinth  he  commanded  the 
rear  guard  of  the  Army  of  the  West.  He  com 
manded  the  2d  division  of  Price's  army  in  the 
Corinth  and  luka  region,  1862  ;  and  with  his 
division,  made  up  of  the  brigades  of  Moore.  Ca- 
bell  and  Rhifer,  three  regiments  of  cavalry  and 
two  batteries  of  artillery,  took  part  in  the  battle 
of  Corinth,  Oct.  3-4,  1862,  where  lie  lost  2000  men 
during  the  two  days'  fight,  and  on  Oct.  5,  1862,  he 
checked  Ord's  corps  at  Hatchie  Bridge.  He  suc 
ceed  Gen.  S.  D.  Lee  to  the  command  of  the 
provisional  division,  Pemberton's  army,  in  the 
defence  of  Vicksburg,  and  repulsed  Sherman  at 
Chickasaw  Bluff,  Dec.  27,  1862-Jan.  3,  1863.  He 
was  brevetted  major-general  for  gallantry  at 
Corinth  and  Hatchie  Bridge  and  was  placed  in 
command  of  the  Department  of  the  Gulf  with 


headquarters  at  Mobile.  On  April  9,  1864,  Gen 
eral  Canby  captured  Spanish  Fort  and  the  Con 
federate  earthworks  with  3423  prisoners  and  40- 
guns.  General  Maury  then  ordered  Forts  Tracy 
and  Huger  to  be  blown  up,  which  was  done  on 
the  llth,  and  on  the  same  day  he  evacuated  Mo 
bile,  taking  with  him  4500  infantry  and  artillery 
witli  27  field-pieces,  and  he  transported  his  army 
in  safety  to  Meridian,  where  fie  operated  with 
Beauregard  in  repairing  the  railroads  preparatory 
to  Hood's  invasion  of  Tennessee.  On  May  18, 
1865,  he  surrendered  the  Army  of  Mobile  and  was 
placed  on  parole.  He  organized  the  Southern 
Historical  society  in  1868  and  was  chief  mover 
in  the  reorganization  of  the  national  militia  in 
1878  and  a  member  of  the  executive  committee 
of  the  association,  1878-90.  He  was  U.S.  minis 
ter  plenipotentiary  and  envoy  extraordinary  to 
Colombia  by  appointment  of  President  Cleveland, 
1885-89.  He  was  married  at  Cleveland,  Va.,  to 
Miss  Mason  of  King  George  county,  Va.  He  is  the 
author  of  Si/stem  of  Tactics  in  Single  Rank  (1856) ; 
Recollect  ions  of  a  Virginian  ;  History  of  Virginia  ; 
and  many  articles  for  magazines  and  newspapers. 
He  died  in  Peoria,  111.,  Jan.  11,  1900. 

MAURY,  John  Minor,  naval  officer,  was  born 
in  Fredericksburg,  Va.,  in  1795;  son  of  Richard 
and  Diana  (Minor)  Maury,  and  grandson  of  the 
Rev.  James  and  Mary  (Walker)  Maury.  His 
ancestors  in  Virginia  included,  besides  the  Maury 
family,  the  Minor,  Brooke  and  Fontaine  families, 
all  Huguenots,  who  left  France  in  1685.  His  father 
removed  to  Franklin,  Williamson  county,  Tenn., 
in  1810,  where  his  relative  Abram,  father  of  Abram 
Poindexter  Maury  (q.v.),  had  settled  before  the 
close  of  the  eighteenth  century.  John  Minor  was 
warranted  a  midshipman  in  the  U.S.  navy  at  the 
age  of  fourteen  ;  served  on  the  U.S.  frigate 
Essex  Jr.  under  Lieut.  John  Downes  in  the 
Pacific,  and  on  the  return  voyage  the  Essex  Jr. 
brought  the  survivors  of  the  Essex,  including 
Captain  Porter,  to  New  York,  where  the  vessel  was 
condemned  and  sold.  He  was  promoted  1st  lieu 
tenant,  June  28,  1811,  and  rose  rapidly  in  rank. 
He  was  married  to  Eliza  Maury  of  Franklin  Tenn. 
He  was  made  flag-captain  to  Com.  David  Porter's 
fleet  engaged  in  suppressing  West  Indian  pirates 
in  1S24.  and  on  the  voyage  home  he  was  seized 
witli  yellow  fever  and  died  at  sea  near  Norfolk, 
Va.,  June  23.  1825. 

MAURY,  Matthew  Fontaine,  hydrographer, 
was  born  in  Spottsylvania  county,  Va..  Jan.  14, 
1806  ;  son  of  Richard  and  Diana  (Minor)  Maury. 
He  removed  with  his  parents  to  Williamson 
county,  Tenn.,  in  1810.  and  attended  a  school 
kept  by  James  Hervey  Otey  (q.v.);  was  appointed 
a  midshipman  in  the  U.S.  navy,  Feb.  1,  1825, 
and  cruised  on  the  European  coast,  in  the  Medi 
terranean  and  around  the  world,  1825-31.  lie 


[412] 


MAURY 


MAVERICK 


was  promoted  master  of  the  sloop-of-\var  Fal- 
moutli  in  1831  and  acting  1st  lieutenant  of  the 
schooner  Dolphin  in  1832.  He  was  transferred 
to  the  frigate  Potomac  and  returned  to  the 
United  States  in  1834,  and  engaged  in  the  pub 
lication  of  a  text 
book  on  navigation. 
He  was  promoted  1st 
lieutenant,  June  10, 
1836,  and  in  1839,  on 
account  of  an  acci 
dent  which  resulted 
in  permanent  lame 
ness,  he  was  obliged 
to  retire  from  active 
naval  service.  He 
devoted  the  time  of 
his  confinement  to 
study  and  literary 
work  and  to  the  im 
provement  of  the 
navy.  He  advocated 

the  establishment  of  a  navy-yard  at  Mem 
phis,  Tenn.,  and  under  his  superintendence  the 
first  series  of  observations  on  the  flow  of  the  Mis 
sissippi  river  were  made  by  Lieut.  Robert  A. Marr. 
He  was  active  in  behalf  of  the  enlargement  of 
the  Illinois  and  Michigan  canal,  for  which  he  re 
ceived  the  thanks  of  the  Illinois  legislature  ;  advo 
cated  the  warehousing  system  in  the  interest  of 
commerce,  and  suggested  to  congress  plans  for  the 
reclamation  of  the  submerged  lands  along  the 
Mississippi.  He  was  appointed  superintendent  of 
the  depot  of  charts  and  instruments  at  Washing 
ton,  D.C.,  in  1843.  and  upon  its  union  with  the 
national  observatory  in  1844  he  was  appointed 
superintendent  of  the  combined  bureaus.  He  en 
gaged  in  determining  the  duration  of  winds  and 
ocean  currents  and  collected  the  material  for  his 
purpose  from  log-books  of  ships-of-war.  In  1844 
he  read  a  paper  before  the  National  Institute  on 
the  gulf  stream,  ocean  currents  and  great-circle 
sailing.  He  suggested  a  general  international 
maritime  conference  to  systematize  the  methods 
of  observation  and  registry.  The  conference 
assembled  at  Brussels  in  1853  and  recommended 
a  form  of  abstract  log  to  be  kept  by  ships-of-war 
and  merchant  vessels.  He  instituted  a  system  of 
deep-sea  sounding  and  suggested  the  establish 
ment  of  a  transatlantic  telegraphic  communica 
tion  and  indicated  the  course  of  the  existing 
cable.  He  was  promoted  commander  in  1855, 
and  upon  the  outbreak  of  the  civil  war  he  resigned 
his  commission  in  the  U.S.  navy.  He  was  one  of 
the  council  of  tln'ee  selected  as  assistants  to  John 
Letcher,  governor  of  Virginia,  serving  until  the 
incorporation  of  the  army  and  navy  of  Virginia. 
In  1801  he  entered  the  service  of  the  Confederate 
States  navy,  He  served  on  the  court-martial  of 


Captain  Tatnall  of  the  Virginia  (Merrimac)  and 
established  the  naval  submarine  battery  service 
at  Richmond,  Va.,  in  October,  1862.  He  was  sent 
abroad  to  continue  his  experiments  on  torpedo 
defence,  and  while  in  Europe  he  purchased  and 
fitted  out  armed  cruisers  for  the  Confederate 
service  and  invented  a  method  of  arranging  and 
testing  torpedo  mines  which  were  in  course  of 
construction  at  Galveston,  Texas,  when  the  war 
closed.  He  removed  to  Mexico  in  1865  and  was 
appointed  to  a  place  in  the  cabinet  of  Emperor 
Maximilian  and  was  sent  to  Europe  on  a  special 
mission.  Upon  the  outbreak  of  the  revolution  in 
Mexico  he  resigned  his  portfolio,  returned  to 
Virginia  and  resumed  his  scientific  researches, 
and  was  appointed  professor  of  physics  in  the  Vir 
ginia  Military  institute  in  1872,  having  refused 
the  superintendency  of  the  Imperial  observatory^ 
at  Paris.  He  received  orders  of  knighthood  from 
France.  Prussia,  Austria,  Denmark,  Russia,  Bel 
gium,  Portugal,  Holland,  Sweden,  Bremen,  Sar 
dinia  and  the  Papal  States,  and  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  academies  of  science  of  Paris,  Ber 
lin,  Brussels,  St.  Petersburg  and  Mexico.  The 
degree  of  LL.D.  was  conferred  on  him  by  Colum 
bian  university,  D.C.,  in  1853,  and  by  the  Uni 
versity  of  Cambridge.  He  married  Ann,  sister  of 
Lieut.  W.  L.  Herndon,  U.S.N.  His  "  Harry  Bluff" 
articles  in  the  Southern  Literary  Messenger, 
led  to  the  foundation  of  the  U.S.  Naval  academy. 
He  is  the  author  of :  Scheme  for  Rebuilding 
Southern  Commerce  (1851);  Physical  Geography 
of  the  Sea  (1856);  Physical  Survey  of  Virginia 
(1868);  and  Resources  of  West  Virginia,  with 
William  M.  Fontaine.  He  also  wrote  :  Letters  on 
the  Amazon  and  the  Atlantic  Slopes  of  South 
America  (1853);  Relation  bettveen  Magnetism  and 
the  Circulation  of  the  Atmosphere  in  the  appendix 
to  "  Washington  Astronomical  Observations  for 
1846"  (1851);  Lanes  for  Steamers  Crossing  the 
Atlantic  (1854);  Manual  of  Geography:  Mathe 
matical,  Civil  and  Physical  (1870) ;  and  Physical 
Geography  of  the  Sea  and  its  Meteorology  (1853). 
He  died  in  Lexington,  Va.,  Feb.  1,  1873. 

MAVERICK,  Peter,  engraver,  was  born  in 
New  York  city,  Oct.  22,  1780  ;  son  of  Peter  R. 
Maverick,  a  silversmith  and  later  an  etcher  and 
engraver.  Peter  became  a  skilful  line  engraver 
and  worked  principally  for  book  publishers  and 
bank  note  companies.  He  also  taught  the  art,  and 
among  his  pupils  was  Asher  B.  Durand,  who  be 
came  his  partner  in  1817.  He  was  one  of  the 
founders  of  the  National  Academy  of  Design  in 
1826,  and  remained  an  Academician  during  his 
life.  He  reproduced  in  line  the  portrait  of  Henry 
Clay,  painted  by  Charles  King  in  1822  ;  a  portrait 
of  General  Jackson,  from  the  painting  by  Samuel 
L.  Waldo,  and  portraits  of  other  notable  public 
men.  He  died  in  New  York  city,  June  7,  1831. 

[413] 


MAVERICK 


MAVERICK,  Samuel  Augustus, Texan  patriot, 
was  bora  in  Pendleton,  S.C.,  July  25,  1803  ;  son 

of and  Elizabeth  (Anderson)  Maverick; 

grandson  of  Gen.  Robert  Anderson,  captain  in 
the  Revolutionary  army,  and  a  descendant  of 
John  Maverick,  an  original  settler  of  Charleston, 
S.C.,  between  1670-80.  His  father  was  a  leading 
merchant  in  Charleston,  S.C.  He  was  graduated 
at  Yale.  A.B.,  1825,  studied  law  under  Henry  St. 
George  Tucker,  of  Winchester,  Va.,  and  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in  South  Carolina.  He  was 
opposed  to  nullification  and  fought  a  duel  with 
Senator  John  C.  Calhoun,  in  which  the  latter  was 
wounded.  Maverick  removed  to  Alabama  and 
thence  to  Texas,  settling  in  San  Antonio  in  1835. 
He  took  an  active  part  in  the  storming  of  San 
Antonio,  was  taken  prisoner  by  the  Mexicans  and 
sentenced  to  be  shot,  but  was  afterward  re 
leased  and  was  a  member  of  the  convention 
that  signed  the  declaration  of  independence  of 
the  new  Republic  of  Texas,  March  2,  1836.  He 
was  married  in  1836  to  Mary  Ann  Adams,  of 
Tuscaloosa,  Ala.  He  was  active  in  settling  the 
affairs  of  the  republic,  served  as  mayor  of  San 
Antonio  in  1839,  and  was  captured  by  the  Mexi 
cans  in  that  city  in  September,  1842,  when  they 
overpowered  the  few  who  attempted  its  defence. 
,He  was  confined  with  others  in  the  castle  of 
Perote,  Mexico,  and  was  released  in  April.  1843, 
on  the  intercession  of  the  American  minis 
ter.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Texas  congress 
in  1845,  when  the  republic  was  annexed  to  the 
United  States.  He  converted  his  property  in 
South  Carolina  into  Texas  lands,  and  he  served 
several  terms  in  both  houses  of  the  Texas  legisla 
ture.  He  advocated  secession  in  1860-61,  but 
after  1861  took  no  part  in  public  affairs.  He  was 
placed  under  arrest  in  1865  for  taking  part  in 
seizing  and  transferring  the  fort  and  arms  of  the 
U.S.  government  to  the  use  of  the  Confederate. 
He  died  in  San  Antonio,  Texas,  Sept.  2,  1870. 

MAXCY,  Jonathan,  educator,  was  born  in 
Attleborough,  Mass.,  Sept.  2,  1768  ;  son  of  Levi 
and  Ruth  (Newell)  Maxcy  ;  grandson  of  Josiali 
and  Mary  (Everett)  Maxcy  and  of  Jacob  Newell, 
and  a  great-grandson  of  Alex 
ander  Maxcy,  who  settled 
first  in  Gloucester,  Mass.,  and 
I  in  1721  in  Attleborough,  Mass. 
[Jonathan  was  prepared  for 
college  at  Wrentham  acade 
my,  Mass.  ;  was  graduated  at 
Brown  university,  honor  man, 
A.B.,  1787,  A.M.,  1790.  and  remained  there  as  tu 
tor,  1787-91,  librarian,  1788-92.  and  as  the  first  and 
only  professor  of  divinity,  1791-92.  He  was  or 
dained  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist  church  in  Prov 
idence,  R.I.,  Sept.  8,  1791,  and  on  the  death  of 
President  Manning  of  Brown  in  1792  he  resigned 


his  pastorate  to  become  acting  president  pro  tein- 
pore  of  the  college.  Sept.  8,  1782,  although  only 
twenty-four  years  old,  and  be  was  acting  presi 
dent,  1792-97.  He  was  regularly  elected  presi 
dent  and  served,  1797-1802.  He  was  president  of 
Union  college,  Schenectady,  N.Y.,  1802-04,  as 
successor  to  Jonathan  Edwards,  Jr.,  deceased, 
and  president  of  South  Carolina  college,  newly 
established  at  Columbia.  1805-20.  He  was  a 
trustee  of  Brown  university,  1791-92,  and  a  fel 
low,  17U2-1802.  He  received  the  degree  of  D.D. 
from  Harvard  in  1S(M.  He  was  married  to  Susan, 
daughter  of  Commodore  Esek  Hopkins,  of  Provi 
dence,  R.I.  He  is  the  author  of  many  published 
sermons,  discourses  and  addresses,  which  were 
collected  and  published  with  a  brief  memoir  of 
his  life  by  the  Rev.  Romeo  Elton,  D.D.  (1841). 
He  died  in  Columbia,  S.C.,  June  4,  1820.' 

MAXEY,  Samuel  Bell,  senator,  was  born  in 
Tompkinsville,  Ky.,  March  30,  1825;  son  of  Rice 
Maxey,  clerk  of  the  circuit  and  county  courts  of 
Clinton  county,  Ky.,  and  a  descendant  of  Hugue 
not  settlers  in  Virginia.  He  was  graduated  at  the 
U.S.  Military  academy  and  brevetted  2d  lieuten 
ant  in  the  7th  infantry,  July  1,  1846.  He  served 
in  the  war  with  Mexico,  was  promoted  2d  lieuten 
ant  in  the  8th  infantry,  Feb.  23,  1847  ;  was  trans 
ferred  to  the  7th  infantry,  July  8.  1847,  and  was 
brevetted  1st  lieutenant,  Aug.  20,  1847,  for  gal 
lantry  at  Contreras  and  Churubusco.  He  resigned 
from  the  U.S.  army,  Sept.  18, 1849.  He  was  •idmit- 
ted  to  the  bar  in  1850,  and  practised  at  Albany , CM  n- 
ton  county,  Ky.,  where  he  served  as  clerk  of  the 
circuit  and  county  courts  and  as  master  in  chan 
cery.  1852-56.  He  removed  to  Paris,  Texas,  in 
1857,  was  district  attorney  of  Lamar  county, 
Texas,  1858-59,  and  a  delegate  to  the  Secession  con 
vention,  1861.  where  lie  favored  the  measure. 
He  was  elected  to  the  Texas  senate  in  1861,  but 
did  not  take  his  seat,  joining  the  Confederate 
army  instead.  He  raised  the  9th  Texas  infantry, 
was  commissioned  its  colonel  and  joined  Gen. 
Albert  S.  Johnston  in  March,  1862.  He  was  pro 
moted  brigadier-general  in  1862  and  sent  to  Chat 
tanooga,  where  he  served  under  General  Bragg 
and  took  part  in  the  assault  of  Mitchel's  retreat 
ing  army,  driving  it  from  Bridgeport,  Battle 
Creek  and  Stevenson,  and  captured  all  the  stores. 
He  took  part  in  the  first  siege  of  Port  Hudson,  the 
Big  Black  campaign  and  the  siege  of  Corinth. 
He  was  appointed  to  the  command  of  the  Indian 
Territory  military  district  by  President  Davis  in 
1863,  where  he  placed  2000  more  Texans  and  Indians 
under  arms.  On  April  30.  1864,  his  cavalry  divi 
sion  attacked  Gen.  Frederick  Steele  at  Jenkins's 
Ferry,  and  captured  his  entire  baggage  train. 
He  was  promoted  major-general  for  these  services 
in  1864,  and  was  commandant  of  the  military 
district  and  superintendent  of  Indian  affairs  in 


MAXWELL 


Indian  Territory  until  May  28, 1865.  He  resumed 
the  practice  of  law  at  Paris,  Texas,  and  declined 
the  appointment  of  judge  of  the  8th  Texas  dis 
trict,  April  18,  1873.  He  was  a  Democratic  U.S. 
senator  from  Texas,  1875-87,  serving  as  chairman 
of  the  committee  on  post-offices  and  post-roads, 
and  of  the  select  committee  to  inquire  into  claims 
of  U.S.  citizens  against  Nicaragua.  He  was  the 
first  senator  to  assert  that  railroads  had  a  right 
of  way  through  the  Indian  Territory.  In  1887  he 
took  up  the  practice  of  law  at  Eureka  Springs- 
Ark.,  where  lie  died,  Aug.  10.  1895. 

MAXIM,  Hiram  Stevens,  inventor,  was  horn 
in  Sangerville,  Maine,  Feb.  5,  1840  ;  son  of  Isaac 
Weston  and  Harriet  Boston  (Stevens)  Maxim. 
His  first  ancestor  in  America  emigrated  from 
Kent  county,  England,  in  1650,  and  settled 

in  Plymouth,  Mass. 
Hiram  obtained  a 
common  school  edu 
cation,  and  in  1850 
was  apprenticed  to 
a  carriage  manufac 
turer.  In  1861  he  had 
charge  of  a  small 
shop  in  Dexter, 
Maine,  and  subse 
quently  became  con 
nected  with  various 
iron  works.  He  stud 
ied  mechanical  draw 
ing  at  Fitchburg, 
Mass.,  and  while  em 
ployed  by  the  Auto 
matic  Gas  Machine  company  he  designed  a  num 
ber  of  machines  for  carbonating  air.  He  re 
moved  to  New  York  city  and  took  charge  of 
one  of  the  branches  of  work  done  by  the  Novelty 
Iron  Works  Shipbuilding  company.  He  in 
vented  a  gas  machine  that  would  carbonate 
air  at  a  uniform  density  irrespective  of  the 
specific  gravity  of  the  material  employed  and 
the  temperature  of  the  atmosphere.  These 
were  the  first  and  largest  machines  of  the  kind, 
and  were  used  for  lighting  large  buildings. 
In  1878  he  turned  his  attention  to  electric 
lighting,  and  with  Spencer  D.  Schuyler  lie 
began  experimenting.  He  invented  the  first 
system  for  standardizing  incandescent  carbons 
by  heating  them  electrically  in  an  atmosphere  of 
hydro-carbon  gases,  the  system  which  afterward 
came  into  universal  use  by  makers  of  elec 
tric  lamps.  He  also  invented  the  first  machine 
for  keeping  the  potential  of  electrical  current 
constant,  irrespective  of  the  number  of  lamps 
used.  In  1881  he  went  to  England,  and  became 
the  European  representative  of  the  U.S.  Electric 
Light  company  in  1883.  He  now  began  a  series 
of  experiments  on  automatic  self-loading  and  dis- 


charging  firearms.  He  constructed  a  single-bar 
relled  automatic  gun,  which  loaded  and  fired  it 
self  by  the  energy  derived  from  the  burning 
powder,  the  recoil  of  the  barrel  and  breechlock 
developing  enough  energy  to  work  the  mechan 
ism  of  the  gun.  This  gun  was  immediately 
adopted  by  the  several  governments  and  dis 
placed  all  other  machine  guns.  The  gun 
was  capable  of  firing  600  rounds  a  minute.  An 
improvement  over  this,  the  l^-inch  Maxim  gun, 
fired  a  projectile  weighing  a  little  over  a  pound 
carrying  an  explosive  charge,  and  was  used  dur 
ing  the  war  in  South  Africa  with  marked  suc 
cess.  Maxim  also  invented  a  smokeless  powder 
called  "cordite,''  composed  of  nitroglycerine 
and  gun-cotton.  During  1892-94  he  conducted 
extensive  experiments  at  Baldwin's  Park,  Kent, 
England,  with  a  view  of  ascertaining  the  amount 
of  power  required  to  perform  artificial  flight 
with  a  ijcrew  and  aeroplane.  These  were  the  first 
experiments  made  on  a  large  scale,  and  furnished 
data  of  great  importance  to  science.  He  was 
married  to  Sarah,  daughter  of  Charles  Haynes, 
of  Massachusetts.  He  was  elected  a  member  of 
the  American  Society  of  Civil  Engineers,  the 
Royal  Society  of  Arts,  and  the  British  Associa 
tion  for  the  Advancement  of  Science  ;  was  made 
chevalier  of  the  Legion  of  Honor  by  the  Presi 
dent  of  France  in  1881  ;  received  a  high  order 
from  the  Emperor  of  China,  and  was  knighted  by 
Queen  Victoria,  Jan.  1,  1901.  At  the  Paris  Expo 
sition  of  1900  he  was  awarded  the  Personal  Grand 
Prix  on  Artillery. 

MAXWELL,  Augustus  Emmett,  representa 
tive  and  jurist,  was  born  in  Elberton,  Ga.,  Sept. 
21,  1820  ;  son  of  Simeon  and  Elizabeth  (Fortson) 
Maxwell  ;  grandson  of  John  and  James  (Henry) 
Maxwell  ;  great-grandson  of  Thomas  Maxwell, 
who  migrated  from  Orange  county,  Va.,  to 
Georgia  in  1792,  and  great2-grandson  of  Joel  Max 
well,  who  came  from  Scotland  to  America  early 
in  1700.  He  was  a  student  from  Alabama  at  the 
University  of  Virginia,  1837-41,  and  was  admitted 
to  the  Alabama  bar  in  1843,  and  practised  law  in 
Eutaw,  1843-45  ;  removing  to  Tallahassee,  Fla., 
in  1845.  He  was  a  representative  in  the  Florida 
legislature  in  1847  ;  secretary  of  state  in  1848, 
and  a  member  of  the  state  senate  in  1850.  He 
was  a  Democratic  representative  from  Florida  in 
the  33d  and  34th  congresses,  1853-57,  and  was 
U.S.  navy  agent  at  Pensacola,  Fla.,  by  appoint 
ment  of  President  Buchanan,  1857-61.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  Co-i  federate  States  senate,  1862-65, 
and  after  the  civil  war  was  appointed  judge  of 
the  supreme  court  of  Florida.  He  was  judge  of 
the  circuit  court  of  Florida,  1877-85  :  a  member 
of  the  state  constitutional  convention  in  1885  ; 
chief  justice,  and  afterward  associate  justice 
of  the  supreme  court  of  that  state,  1887-91.  He 


[415] 


MAXWELL 


MAXWELL 


was  married  at  the  University  of  Virginia  in  1843 
to  Sarah  Roane,  daughter  of  Arthur  and  Lucy 
Brockenborough  ;  and  after  her  death,  in  1847, 
he  married  at  Pensacola,  Fla.,  1853,  Julia  H., 
daughter  of  Chief-Justice  Walker  and  Phoebe 
(Hawks)  Anderson,  who  died  in  1886.  He  re 
tired  from  tiie  bench  and  from  active  practice  in 
1891.  His  residence  in  1902  was  in  Pensacola. 

MAXWELL,  Ellen  Blackmer,  author,  was 
born  in  West  Springfield,  Pa.  ;  daughter  of  John 
Simmons  and  Rebecca  M.  Blackmer.  She  attended 
the  school  in  Edinboro,  Pa.,  and  married  first, 
in  1879,  the  Rev.  Allen  J.  Maxwell,  whom  she 
aided  in  missionary  labors  in  India  up  to  the  time 
of  his  death  in  Lucknow,  in  1890  ;  and  secondly, 
in  1894,  Admiral  A.  S.  Barker,  U.S.N.(q.v.)  She 
is  the  author  of  :  The  Bishops  Conversion  ;  Three, 
Old  Maids  in  Hawaii ;  The  Wan  of  Fire  (1897). 

MAXWELL,  George  Troup,  surgeon  and  sol 
dier,  was  born  in  Bryan  county,  Ga.,  Aug.  6, 
1827  ;  son  of  Col.  John  Jackson  and  Mary  Ann 
(Baker)  Maxwell  ;  grandson  of  William  and 
Constant  (Butler)  Maxwell  and  of  Col.  John  and 
—  (Jackson)  Lapeen  Baker,  and  a  descend 
ant  of  James  Maxwell,  one  of  the  first  settlers  of 
Georgia.  Baker  county,  Ga.,  was  named  in  honor 
of  his  maternal  grandfather,  an  officer  in  the 
Revolution.  Col.  John  Jackson  Maxwell  was  a 
planter  and  a  member  of  the  Georgia  senate  for 
several  years.  George  was  educated  at  Chat 
ham  academy.  Savannah.  Ga..  and  was  graduat 
ed  from  the  University  of  the  City  of  New  York, 
M.D.,  in  1848.  He  was  married  in  December. 
1849,  to  Kitty  Augusta,  daughter  of  John  and 
Elizabeth  (Hart)  Jones,  of  Liberty  county,  Ga.  ; 
and  secondly,  April  15,  1859,  to  Martha  Ella, 
daughter  of  John  Stevens  and  Emma  (Law) 
Maxwell.  He  practised  medicine  in  Tallahassee, 
Fla.,  1848-57  ;  was  surgeon  to  the  U.S.  marine 
hospital  at  Key  West,  Fla..  1857-60;  and  pro 
fessor  of  obstetrics  and  diseases  of  women  and 
children  in  Oglethorpe  Medical  college,  Savannah, 
Ga.,  1800-61.  He  entered  the  Confederate  army 
as  a  private  in  the  1st  Florida  cavalry  regiment 
in  April,  1861  ;  was  promoted  major  in  August. 
1861,  and  colonel  in  1862.  He  commanded  his 
regiment  at  Chickamauga,  Sept.  19-20,  1863,  and 
continued  in  the  Chattanooga  campaign  until 
the  battle  of  Missionary  Ridge,  Nov.  25.  1863, 
where  he  was  captured,  and  he  was  imprisoned 
on  Johnson's  Island  until  March,  1865.  He  was 
recommended  for  promotion  to  the  rank  of  briga 
dier-general  at  the  time  of  his  capture  and  was 
appointed  colonel  of  a  newly  organized  Florida 
regiment,  while  in  prison.  He  returned  to 
Florida  in  1865  ;  represented  Leon  county  in  the 
state  convention  that  remodelled  the  constitu 
tion  and  reorganized  the  government  of  Florida 
in  1865,  and  was  a  representative  in  the  state 


legislature  in  1866.  He  removed  to  Delaware  in 
1871  and  engaged  in  the  practice  of  medicine, 
first  in  Middletown.  then  in  New  Castle,  and  finally 
in  Wilmington,  and  in  1889  returned  to  Florida 
and  took  up  his  residence  in  Leon  county.  He 
removed  to  Atlanta,  Ga.,  in  1881  :  to  Ocala, 
Fla.,  in  1882,  and  to  Jacksonville  in  1888.  He 
was  vice-president  of  the  Delaware  Medical 
society  in  1874,  and  its  secretary,  1875-76.  He 
claimed  to  have  invented  the  laryngoscope  in 
1859  and  to  have  operated  with  it  in  November  of 
that  year,  which  was  several  months  before  Prof. 
Johann  N.  Czermack  published  his  invention. 
He  was  the  first  American  physician  to  see  the 
vocal  cords  of  a  living  person,  which  he  accom 
plished  by  the  means  of  his  instrument.  He  was 
a  member  of  the  leading  medical  bodies  of  Amer 
ica  and  Europe.  Besides  important  contributions 
to  medical  journals,  he  published  several  pam 
phlets.  He  died  in  Jacksonville,  Fla.,  Sept.  2,  1897. 
MAXWELL,  John  Paterson  Bryant,  repre 
sentative,  was  born  in  Flemington,  N.J.,  Sept.  3, 
1804  ;  son  of  George  C.  and  —  —  (Bryant)  Max 
well  ;  grandson  of  John  Maxwell,  a  captain  in 
the  Revolutionary  army  who  served  under  Wash 
ington  ;  and  great-grandson  of  Anthony  Max 
well,  who  came  from  Ireland  early  in  the  18th 
century  and  settled  in  Hunterdon  county,  N.J., 
and  had  two  sons,  John  and  William.  William 
was  a  major  in  the  Colonial  army,  was  made  a 
brigadier-general  in  the  American  service,  Oct. 
23,  1766,  and  served  through  the  war.  He  never 
married.  George  C.  Maxwell  was  graduated  at 
the  College  of  New  Jersey,  1792,  was  a  represen- 
tive  in  the  12th  congress.  1811-13.  and  died  in  1873. 
John  Paterson  Bryant  Maxwell  was  graduated 
at  the  College  of  Nesv  Jersey,  A.B..  1823,  A.M., 
1826,  studied  law  under  Chief-Justice  Hornblower, 
and  settled  in  practice  in  Belvidere,  N.J..  in  1827, 
where  he  was  editor  and  proprietor  of  the  Belvi 
dere  ApoUo.  He  married,  Sept.  11,  1834,  Sarah 
Brown,  of  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  who  died,  Oct.  17, 
1834.  He  was  a  Whig  representative  in  the  25th 
congress,  1837-39.  and  was  one  of  the  four  Whig 
candidates  for  representative  in  the  26th  congress 
who  received  Gov.  William  Pennington's  certifi 
cate  of  election  which  led  to  the  '•  Broadseal  " 
controversy.  Congress  refused  to  recognize  the 
validity  of  Mr.  Maxwell's  certificate,  and  on 
March  10.  1840.  his  opponent,  Daniel  B.  Royall, 
was  seated.  Maxwell  was  re-elected  to  the  27th 
congress,  serving  1841-43.  He  was  a  trustee  of 
the  College  of  New  Jersey,  1842-45.  He  died  in 
Belvidere.  N.  J.,  Nov.  14.  1845. 

MAXWELL,  Nathaniel  Van,  merchant,  was 
born  in  Warren  county,  Ohio.  July  10,  1809  ;  son 
of  Thomas  and  Rachel  (Chambers)  Maxwell,  and 
grandson  of  Thomas  Maxwell,  who  came  to 
America  from  Scotland  about  1760.  His  father 


[410] 


MAXWELL 


MAXWELL 


removed  to  Montgomery  county,  Ohio,  and  died 
there  about  1820,  and  Nathaniel  was  apprenticed 
to  a  tailor  and  about  1828  removed  to  Centreville. 
lie  abandoned  his  trade  in  1842  and  with  Ellis  S. 
Bradstreet  established  a  general  store.  In  1846 
Bradstreet  withdrew  and  the  business  was  con 
tinued  by  Mr.  Maxwell.  He  also  served  as  treas 
urer  of  his  township  almost  continuously,  1842- 
86  ;  was  a  founder  of  the  Centreville  Union  acad 
emy,  1847  :  trustee  of  Glendale  Female  college 
and  a  leader  in  the  public-school  movement.  He 
was  a  Henry  Clay  Whig  and  a  founder  of  the 
Republican  party  in  Ohio.  He  supported  Salmon 
P.  Chase  for  the  party  nomination  for  governor 
before  the  Whig  convention  of  1855  and  the  same 
year  was  defeated  for  representative  in  the  state 
legislature  by  a  small  majority.  He  served  as  de 
legate  to  numerous  county,  district  and  state  con 
ventions,  which  latter  lie  reached  on  horseback 
riding  more  than  one  hundred  miles  to  the  state 
capital.  He  actively  supported  Abraham  Lincoln 
for  President  in  1860  and  the  government  in  the 
civil  war.  He  was  married,  Nov.  18,  1830,  to 
Eleanor,  daughter  of  Sidney  and  Anna  (Conover) 
Denise  of  Huguenot  and  Dutch  stock.  She  died 
July  20.  1898.  Their  eldest  son  was  Sidney  Denise 
Maxwell  (q.v.).  Mr.  Maxwell  died  in  Centre 
ville,  Ohio.  March  8,  1886. 

MAXWELL,  Sidney  Denise,  statistician,  was 
born  in  Centreville.  Ohio,  Dec.  23,  1831  ;  son  of 
Nathaniel  Van  and  Eleanor  (Denise)  Maxwell. 
He  attended  the  public  schools  and  academies  of 
his  native  place  ;  was  thoroughly  educated  to 
business  ;  studied  law  in  the  office  of  Gunckel  & 
Strong,  Dayton,  Ohio  ;  was  war  correspondent 
for  the  Cincinnati  Commercial,  1862-63  ;  enlisted 
in  the  131st  Ohio  volunteer  infantry  as  a  private, 
serving  in  the  summer  of  1864  as  sergeant-major 
of  the  forces  at  Fort  Federal  Hill,  Baltimore  ;  was 
assistant  clerk  of  the  Ohio  senate,  1864,  and  aide- 
de-camp  and  judge-advocate-general,  with  the 
rank  of  colonel,  on  the  staff  s  of  war  of  Gov.  John 
Brough  and  Gov.  Charles  Anderson  of  Ohio,  1864- 
65.  He  was  assistant  city  editor  of  the  Cincin 
nati  Gazette,  1868-71  ;  agent  at  Cincinnati  of  the 
Western  Associated  Press,  1870-74  ;  superintend 
ent  of  the  Cincinnati  Chamber  of  Commerce, 
1871-91,  serving  as  statistician  of  that  body  dur 
ing  the  entire  period  :  secretary  to  the  Pork 
Packers'  association,  1872-91  :  expert  statistician 
of  the  U.S.  treasury  department  for  the  Cincin 
nati  district,  1875-85 ;  and  in  1878  he  delivered 
the  initial  lecture  of  a  course  that  resulted  in  the 
founding  of  the  Cincinnati  Art  museum.  He  was 
married,  June  30,  1875,  to  Isabella  Neff.  eldest 
daughter  of  Col.  Peter  Rudolph  and  Caroline 
Margaretta  (Burnet)  Neff,  of  Cincinnati,  the  latter 
being  the  granddaughter  of  Judge  Jacob  Burnet 
of  the  Northwest  Territory  and  great-grand 


daughter  of  Dr.  William  Burnet,  surgeon-general 
of  the  eastern  division  of  the  Continental  army. 
He  is  the  author  of  :  The  Report  of  the  Exposition 
of  Textile  Fabrics  held  under  the  Auspices  of  the 
Woolen  Manufacturers'  Association  of  the  North- 
u-est  (1869)  ;  The  Suburbs  of  Cincinnati  (1870)  ; 
The  History  of  the  First  Cincinnati  Industrial 
Exposition  (1870)  ;  Tlie  Manufacturers  of  Cin 
cinnati,  a  lecture  (1878)  ;  Annual  Reports  of  the 
Cincinnati  Chamber  of  Commerce  (18  vols.,  1871- 
91)  ;  Dedicatory  Exercises  of  the  Cincinnati 
Chamber  of  Commerce  (1889)  ;  the  hymn  sung 
on  the  dedication  of  the  new  building  for  the 
Chamber  of  Commerce  in  1889,  and  other  poems, 
statistical  pamphlets  and  various  adlresses  and 
papers  011  commercial  organization  and  kindred 
subjects. 

MAXWELL,  William,  soldier,  was  born  in 
county  Tyrone,  Ireland,  in  1733  ;  son  of  John  and 
Ann  Maxwell,  who  settled  on  a  farm  in  Greenwich 
township,  Morris  county,  N.  J. ,  about  1 747.  He  had 
two  younger  brothers,  John,  a  captain,  and  Robert, 
a  lieutenant,  in  the  Revolutionary  service.  Wil 
liam  enlisted  in  the  Colonial  army  and  was  under 
General  Braddock  at  Fort  Duquesne,  July  9,  1755  ; 
with  General  Amherst  at  Ticonderoga  in  Julv, 
1759,  and  probably  with  General  Wolf  eat  Quebec 
in  September,  1759.  He  was  promoted  colonel  and 
was  attached  to  the  commissary  department  at 
Mackinaw.  Prior  to  1773  he  resigned  from  the 
British  service  and  was  chairman  of  the  commit 
tee  of  safety  of  Sussex  county  that  met  at  New 
ton,  Aug.  10-11,  1773.  On  July  16,  1774,  he  was 
appointed  a  deputy  to  secure  representation  for 
New  Jersey  in  the  general  congress.  He  was  a 
representative  in  the  1st  and  2d  Provisional  con 
gresses  of  New  Jersey,  1775,  and  was  commis 
sioned  by  the  general  congress,  colonel  of  the  New 
Jersey  battalion  for  Continental  service,  Nov.  8, 
1775.  He  reached  the  army  in  Canada  in 
March,  1776  ;  took  part  in  the  battle  of  Three 
Rivers,  June  8,  1776,  and  conducted  the  retreat 
with  merit.  He  opposed  the  abandonment  of 
Crown  Point,  and  on  Oct.  23,  1776,  was  commis 
sioned  brigadier-general  and  was  sent  by  Wash 
ington  to  take  command  of  the  militia  at  Morris- 
town  and  harass  the  British  army  quartered  there. 
While  thus  engaged  the  battles  of  Trenton  and 
Princeton  were  fought,  and  the  success  of  Max 
well's  brigade  at  Morristown  led  to  his  following 
and  annoying  the  retiring  army  through  Newark, 
Elizabethtown  and  Spanktown  (Rahway).  He 
was  then  attached  to  General  Stephen's  division, 
and  during  the  summer  of  1777  marched  through 
Pennsylvania.  The  Jersey  line  opened  the  battle 
of  Brandy  wine,  and  afterward  his  brigade  had  a 
skirmish  at  White  Horse  Tavern.  His  brigade, 
with  some  North  Carolina  troops  under  Gen. 
Lord  Stirling,  formed  the  left  wing  and  reserve 
[417] 


MAXWELL 


MAY 


of  Washington's  army  at  Germantown,  Oct.  4, 
1777.  After  spending  the  winter  at  Valley  Forge, 
on  June  18,  1778,  he  was  ordered  to  harass  Gen 
eral  Clinton  in  New  Jersey,  and  on  June  18, 1778, 
took  part  in  the  battle  of  Monmouth.  On  May 
11,  1779,  he  joined  General  Sullivan  in  his  expedi 
tion  against  the  Indians,  leaving  East  Pennsylva 
nia,  June  18, 1779,  and  returning  went  into  winter 
quarters  at  Scotch  Plains,  N.J.,  Nov.  5,  1779.  On 
June  33,  1780,  he  led  his  brigade  in  the  battle  of 
Springfield,  N.J.,  and  on  July  20,  1780,  he  re 
signed,  which  act  in  no  way  affected  his  reputa 
tion  as  a  brave  officer.  Personal  disagreement 
with  his  fellow  officers  was  probably  the  cause  of 
his  resignation,  which  Washington  sent  to  con 
gress  with  a  letter  in  which  he  said  :  li  The  merits 
of  this  General  are  well  known.  .  .  .  I  believe  him 
to  be  an  honest  man,  a  warm  friend  of  his  coun 
try  and  firmly  attached  to  its  interests."  He 
was  elected  from  Sussex  county  to  the  New  Jer 
sey  assembly  in  1783.  He  died  at  the  home  of  his 
friend,  Col.  Charles  Stewart,  in  Landsdown,  Hun- 
terdon  county,  N.J.,  Nov.  4,  1796. 

MAXWELL,  William,  educator,  was  born  in 
Norfolk,  Va.,  Feb.  27,  1784.  He  was  prepared  for 
college  by  the  Rev.  Israel  B.  Woodward,  of  Wol- 
cott,  Conn.,  and  was  graduated  at  Yale  in  1802. 
He  studied  law  at  Richmond,  Va.,  and  engaged 
in  practice  in  Norfolk  in  1808.  He  was  the  first 
literary  editor  of  the  New  York  Journal  of  Com 
merce  in  1827  ;  founder  of  the  Lyceum  for  the 
diffusion  of  useful  knowledge  in  Norfolk,  Va., 
and  erected  at  his  own  expense  a  building  for  its 
use  in  1828  ;  was  representative  in  the  Virginia 
legislature  in  1830  ;  state  senator,  1832-38,  and 
tenth  president  of  Hampden-Sidney  college,  Va., 
1838-44.  He  was  married  to  a  daughter  of  Thomas 
Robertson,  a  Norfolk  merchant.  He  removed  to 
Richmond,  Va. ,  in  1844,  practised  law,  conducted 
a  law  school,  and  re-established  the  Virginia 
Historical  and  Philosophical  society,  of  which  he 
was  secretary,  librarian  and  general  agent,  1848- 
57.  He  also  established  in  1848  and  edited  the 
Virginia  Historical  Register  and  Literary  Adver 
tiser  (6  vols.,  1848-53).  He  received  the  degree 
LL.D.  from  Hampden-Sidney.  He  is  the  author 
of  :  A  Memoir  of  the  Rev.  Joh  n  II.  Rice,  D.  D.  (1835). 
He  died  in  Williamsburg,  Va.,  June  9,  1857. 

MAXWELL,  William  Henry, educationist,  was 
born  near  Stewartstown,  county  Tyrone.  Ireland, 
March  5,  1852.  His  father  was  a  Presbyterian 
clergyman.  He  was  graduated  at  Queen's  univer 
sity,  A.B.,  1872,  A.M.,  1874;  was  an  assistant 
master  in  the  Royal  academy  and  professor  of 
English  literature  and  history  in  the  Ladies'  Col 
legiate  Institute  at  Belfast,  Ireland,  1872-74.  He 
came  to  New  York  city  in  1874,  was  engaged  as 
a  reporter  on  the  New  York  Tribune  and  Herald, 
and  was  managing  editor  of  the  Brooklyn  Times. 


He  was  married,  Dec.  1,  1877,  to  Marie,  daughter 
of  Samuel  YV.  Folk,  of  Brooklyn.  He  took  an 
active  interest  in  the  educational  advancement 
of  the  Brooklyn  schools,  was  a  lecturer  on  history 
and  civil  government  in  the  Brooklyn  evening 
high  school.  1880-81,  associate  superintendent  of 
public  instruction  in  Brooklyn,  1882-87,  super 
intendent  of  public  instruction  for  Brooklyn, 
1887-98,  and  in  1898  was  elected  city  superin 
tendent  of  schools  for  New  York  city  after  the 
consolidation  of  New  York  and  Brooklyn.  He 
received  the  honoraiy  degree  of  Ph.D.  from  St. 
Lawrence  university  in  1885,  and  that  of  LL.D. 
from  Columbia  university  in  1901.  He  edited 
Pope's  Homer's  Iliad  and  is  the  author  of 
a  number  of  text  books  used  in  the  public  schools 
including  :  First  Book  in  English  ;  Introductory 
Lessons  in  English  Grammar ;  Advanced  Lessons 
in  English  Grammar;  and  in  conjunction  with 
Dr.  George  S.  Smith,  Writing  in  English  (1900). 

MAY,  Abigail  Williams,  philanthropist,  was 
born  in  Boston,  Mass..  April  21,  1829;  daughter 
of  Samuel  and  Mary  (Goddard)  May  ;  grand 
daughter  of  Samuel  and  Abigail  (Williams)  May, 
and  of  Joseph  and  Mary  (Aspinwall)  Goddard, 
and  a  descendant  of  John  May,  mariner,  of  May- 
field,  Sussex  county,  England,  who  settled  in 
Roxbury,  Mass.,  with  his  family  in  1640.  She  was 
educated  in  the  schools  of  Boston,  and  became 
active  in  the  Anti-slavery  movement  and  in 
philanthropic  and  educational  work.  She  was 
one  of  the  organizers  of  the  New  England 
Women's  Auxiliary  association,  a  branch  of  the 
U.S.  Sanitary  commission,  and  she  entered  the 
hospital  transport  service  of  the  commission  in 
1862.  As  chairman  of  the  executive  committee 
of  the  association,  she  represented  that  body  at 
the  meeting  of  the  delegates  in  Washington, 
D.C.,  and  she  was  president  of  the  association, 
1864-65.  She  was  president  of  the  Woman's 
Auxiliary  of  the  American  Unitarian  association, 
vice-president  of  the  Society  for  the  Advance 
ment  of  Women,  vice-president  of  the  New  Eng 
land  Woman  Suffrage  association  ;  treasurer  of 
the  Improved  Dwelling  House  society,  and  sec 
retary  of  the  Woman's  Club  of  New  England. 
She  was  a  founder  of  the  New  England  Hospital 
for  Women  and  Children,  of  the  New  England 
Woman's  club,  and  of  the  Horticultural  School 
for  Women.  She  was  one  of  the  four  women 
elected  to  membership  in  the  Boston  school 
board  in  1873,  but  declared  not  eligible.  The 
state  legislature  passed  a  law  in  1874,  giving 
women  a  right  to  vote  for  the  school  committee, 
and  upon  being  elected  a  second  time,  she  was 
one  of  three  women  to  serve  on  the  board.  She 
also  served  as  a  commissioner  of  the  Massachu 
setts  board  of  education.  187o-88.  She  died  in. 
Boston,  Mass.,  Nov.  30,  1888. 


MAY 


MAY 


MAY,  Charles  Augustus,  soldier,  was  born  in 
Washington,  D.C.,  Aug.  9,  1817;  son  of  Dr. 
Frederick  and  Julia  Matilda  (Slocuin)  May; 
grandson  of  Col.  John  and  Abigail  (May)  May  ; 
great-grandson  of  Eleazer  and  Dorothy  (Davis) 
May,  and  a  descendant  of  John  May,  mariner, 
Roxbury,  Mass.,  1640.  His  father  was  a  cele 
brated  physician  in  Washington,  D.C.,  1795-1847. 
Charles  entered  the  U.S.  army  as  3d  lieutenant 
of  the  3d  dragoons,  June  8,  1836  ;  was  promoted 
1st  lieutenant,  Dec.  15,  1837,  and  served  in  the 
Florida  war,  where,  unassisted,  he  captured 
Philip,  head  chief  of  the  Seminole  Indians.  He 
was  promoted  captain.  Feb.  2,  1841,  and  served 
in  the  Mexican  war  as  chief  of  cavalry  under  Gen. 
Zachary  Taylor.  He  led  a  cavalry  charge  in  the 
battle  of  Resaca  de  la  Palma,  against  a  battery 
that  commanded  the  road,  and  personally  cap 
tured  General  Le  Vega,  second  in  command.  He 
also  commanded  the  cavalry  in  the  battles  of  Palo 
Alto,  Buena  Vista  and  Monterey  ;  was  brevetted 
major,  May  8,  1846,  for  action  in  the  battle  of 
Palo  Alto  ;  lieutenant-colonel,  May  9.  1846,  for 
Resaca  de  la  Palma,  and  colonel,  Feb.  23,  1847, 
for  Buena  Vista.  He  was  married,  Jan.  8,  1853, 
to  Josephine,  daughter  of  George  Law  (q.v.), 
of  New  York.  He  was  promoted  major  of  the 
1st  dragoons,  March  3,  1855,  and  was  transferred 
to  the  2d  dragoons,  Oct.  23,  1855.  He  resigned 
from  the  U.S.  army,  April  20,  1861,  removed  to 
New  York  city,  and  was  vice-president  of  the 
Eighth  Avenue  street  railroad.  He  died  in  New 
York  city,  Dec.  24.  1864. 

MAY,  Edward  Harrison,  artist,  was  born  in 
England  in  1824;  son  of  the  Rev.  Edward  Harrison 
May,  who  came  to  New  York  city  in  1834.  and  was 
a  minister  of  the  Dutch  Reformed  church.  He 
was  educated  in  the  public  schools  of  New  York 
city,  and  studied  civil  engineering,  which  he  aban 
doned  for  art.  He  became  a  pupil  of  Daniel 
Huntington,  and  in  1851,  of  Couture,  in  Paris. 
He  was  a  portrait  painter  at  the  beginning  of  his 
career,  but  later  devoted  himself  to  historical  and 
genre  paintings.  His  sister  Caroline  was  a  poet 
and  author  residing  in  New  York,  1834-88.  Mr. 
May  received  a  medal  for  his  services  in  the 
Franco-Prussian  war,  where  he  was  captain  of 
the  American  ambulance  corps.  He  received  a 
gold  medal  of  the  third  class  for  Death  of  a 
Brigand  (afterward  owned  by  the  Philadelphia 
Academy  of  Fine  Art),  at  the  Paris  Salon  of  1855, 
arid  became  a  member  of  the  National  Academy 
of  Design,  New  York  city,  in  18T6.  He  exhibited 
at  the  National  Academy  :  Louis  XIV.  at  Marly 
(1869);  May  and  December  (1876)  :  and  Teresina 
(1878) .  His  historical  paintings  include  :  Cardinal 
Mazarin  taking  Leave  of  his  Picture  in  the  Louvre  ; 
Michael  Angelo  leaving  the  Vatican  in  Anger; 
Lady  Jane  Grey  talcing  Leave  of  the  Governor  of 


the  Tower  ;  Columbus  making  his  Will ;  King  Lear 
and  Cordelia  ;  Scene  from  Waverley  ;  and  Francis 
1.  lamenting  the  death  of  his  Son.  He  exhibited  in 
the  Salon  :  portrait  of  M.  II.  Laboulaye  and  Amy 
Robsart  et  le  Colporteur  (1866)  ;  Ophelia  and  La 
Lecture  (1868)  ;  portrait  of  Anson  Burlingame 

(1869)  ;  Arviragus   bearing    the  Body  of  Imogen 

(1870)  ;    portrait   of   Gen.    John   Meridith    Read 
(1872)  ;  Mary  Magdalen  at  the  Sepulcher  (in  the 
Metropolitan   Museum   of  Art)  (1873)  :  Fin  de  la 
Lecture   and   Souvenir   de   la    Commune  (1874)  • 
Une    Alsacienne    (1876)  ;  and    Antonia      (1877). 
He  died  in  Paris,  France,  May  17,  1887. 

MAY,  Henry,  representative,  was  born  in 
Washington,  D.C.,  Feb.  13,  1816;  son  of  Dr. 
Frederick  and  Julia  Matilda  (Slocum)  May.  He 
attended  Columbian  college,  and  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1840,  and  to  practice  in  the  U.S.  su 
preme  court  soon  after.  He  was  married,  Oct.  1, 
1845,  to  Henrietta  de  Gourey.  He  removed  to 
Baltimore,  Md.,  in  1850,  and  was  a  Democratic 
representative  from  Maryland  in  the  33d  congress, 
1853-55  ;  was  defeated  for  the  34th,  and  elected 
to  the  37th  congress,  1861-63.  He  opposed  seces 
sion  and  advocated  the  peaceful  separation  of  the 
two  sections.  He  visited  Baltimore  with  the 
sanction  of  President  Lincoln  to  consult  with  the 
Confederate  authorities  in  1861,  and  on  his  re 
turn  to  congress  was  charged  with  disloyalty  and 
imprisoned  in  Fort  Lafayette  for  several  weeks. 
He  was  released  on  parole  and  served  out  his  term. 
He  died  in  Baltimore,  Md.,  Sept.  25,  1866. 

MAY,  John,  patriot,  was  born  in  Pomfret, 
Conn.,  Nov.  24,  1748;  son  of  Eleazer  and  Dorothy 
(Davis)  May  ;  grandson  of  John  and  Prudence 


MARI  ETTA-I7QS 

(Bridge)  May,  and  of  William  and  Mary  Davis,  of 
Brookline,  Mass.  His  first  ancestor  in  America, 
Capt.  John  May,  was  an  English  mariner  who 
came  to  New  England  in  1640  and  settled  in  Rox 
bury,  Mass.  He  established  himself  in  Bostc  :i 
as  a  merchant  in  1773,  and  he  was  one  of  tlu» 
Boston  Tea  Party,  Dec.  16,  1773.  He  was  mar 
ried,  Feb.  16,  to  Abigail,  daughter  of  Samuel  and 


[419] 


MAY 


MAYER 


Abigail  (Williams)  May.  of  Boston.  He  was  com 
missioned  adjutant  with  the  rank  of  captain  in 
the  Boston  regiment  of  militia,  Oct.  11,  1778,  and 
was  major,  lieutenant-colonel,  and  reached  the 
rank  of  colonel,  April  2.  1788.  He  served  in  Rhode 
Island  under  Count  de  Rochambeau,  and  com 
manded  his  regiment  during  Shays's  rebellion, 
1786--87.  He  visited  the  Ohio  country  on  horse 
back  in  1788  and  1789.  where  he  purchased  land 
near  the  present  site  of  Marietta,  Ohio,  and  upon 
it  built  the  first  frame  house  in  that  region.  He 
was  a  fire  warden  of  Boston,  1785-1805  ;  a  select 
man  of  that  city,  1804-12,  and  owned  the  wharf 
property  called  the  May's  or  Union  wharf.  He 
died  in  Boston,  Mass..  July  16,  1812. 

MAY,  Samuel  Joseph,  reformer,  was  born  in 
Boston,  Mass.,  Sept.  12,  1797  ;  son  of  Joseph  and 
Dorothy  (Sewall)  May  ;  grandson  of  Samuel  and 
Abigail  (Williams)  May,  and  of  Deacon  Samuel 
and  Elizabeth  (Quincy)  Sewall.  and  a  descendant 

of  John  May.  Rox- 
bury,  1640.  He  was 
graduated  at  Har 
vard,  A.B.,  1817, 
A.M.  andB.D.,  1820. 
He  was  ordained  to 
the  Unitarian  min 
istry,  March  14,  18- 
22,  at  Boston,  Mass., 
and  became  pastor 
of  the  First  Eccles 
iastical  society  of 
Brooklyn,  Conn., 
March  17,  1822.  In 
January,  1823,  he  es 
tablished  The  Liberal 
Christian,  in  whose 
pages  he  made  explicit  statements  of  Unitarian 
doctrine.  He  was  married,  June  1.  1825.  to  Lu- 
cretia  Flagge,  daughter  of  Peterand  A  nn  (Martin) 
Coffin  of  Boston,  Mass.  He  wrote  and  preached 
as  an  advocate  of  total  abstinence  and  in  oppo 
sition  to  slavery  as  early  as  1826  ;  was  burned 
in  effigy  at.  Syracuse.  N.Y.,  in  1830,  and  was 
mobbed  several  times  at  Rutland  and  Montpelier, 
Vt.,  and  at  Haver  hill,  Mass.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  first  New  England  anti-slavery  society  in 
1832,  and  in  1833  befriended  Prudence  Crandall 
(q.v.).  He  helped  to  organize  a  National  Anti- 
slavery  society  in  Philadelphia  in  1833  and  signed 
the  "  Declaration  of  Sentiments."  He  was  gen 
eral  agent  of  the  Massachusetts  Anti-slavery  so 
ciety,  1835-53.  He  was  pastor  of  the  Unitarian 
church  at  South  Scituate,  Mass.,  1836-42  ;  was 
principal  of  the  Girls'  Normal  school.  Lexington, 
Mass.,  1842-44  ;  pastor  at  Syracuse.  N.Y.,  1845-67, 
and  did  missionary  work  in  central  New  York, 
1867-71.  He  did  much  to  improve  the  public- 
school  system  of  Syracuse,  and  was  president  of 


the  board  of  education  of  that  city  at  the  time 
of  his  death.  He  is  the  author  of  :  Education  of 
the  Faculties  (1846);  Revival  of  Education  (1855); 
and  Recollections  of  the  Anti-Slavery  Conflict 
(1868).  G.  B.  Emerson,  Samuel  May,  and  T.  J. 
Mumford  edited  :  Memoir  of  Samuel  Josepli  May 
(1873).  He  died  in  Syracuse,  N.Y.,  July  1,  1871. 

MAY,  Sophie.     See  Clarke,  Rebecca  Sophia. 

MAYBURY,  William  Cotter,  representative, 
was  born  in  Detroit,  Mich.,  Nov.  20,  1848;  son  of 
Thomas  and  Margaret  (Cotter)  May  bury  and 
grandson  of  William  and  Elizabeth  (Webb) 
Maybury.  He  was  graduated  at  the  University  of 
Michigan,  A.B.  and  A.M.,  1870,  LL.B.,  1871.  He 
began  the  practice  of  law  in  Detroit.  Mich.,  in 
1871  ;  was  city  attorney  of  Detroit,  1876-80  ;  lec 
turer  on  medical  jurisprudence  in  Michigan  Col 
lege  of  Medicine  ;  representative  from  the  first 
district  of  Michigan  in  the  48th  and  49th  con 
gresses,  1883-87,  and  mayor  of  Detroit,  1897- 
1902. 

MAYER,  Alfred  Marshall,  physicist,  was  born 
in  Baltimore,  Md..  Nov.  13.  1836  :  son  of  Charles 
Frederick  and  Eliza  Caldwell  (Blackwell)  Mayer  ; 
grandson  of  Christian  and  Anne  Katharine  (Baum) 
Mayer,  and  of  Captain  Francis  Blackwell.  He 
matriculated  at  St.  Mary's  college,  Baltimore, 
Md.,  but  left  in  1852  before  graduating  to  acquire 
a  practical  training  in  mechanical  drawing  in  the 
construction  of  machinery  and  in  the  use  of  tools. 
He  devoted  himself  to  physical  studies  and  labora 
tory  work,  1854-56;  was  professor  of  physics, 
chemistry  and  astronomy  in  the  University  of 
Maryland,  1856-58.  and  of  the  same  branches  in 
Westminster  college,  1859-61.  He  studied  phy 
sics,  mathematics  and  physiology  in  the  Univer 
sity  of  Paris,  France,  1X63-64  ;  was  professor  of 
physics  and  chemistry  in  Pennsylvania  college, 
Pa..  1865-67  ;  of  astronomy  in  Lehigh  university, 
Pa.,  1867-70,  and  while  there  designed  and 
superintended  the  erection  of  the  astronomical 
observatory  and  made  and  published  a  series  of 
observations  on  the  planet  Jupiter.  He  was 
professor  of  physics  in  Stevens  Institute  of  Tech 
nology,  1871-97  ;  was  placed  in  charge  of  the 
expedition  sent  to  Burlington,  Iowa,  to  observe 
the  solar  eclipse  of  Aug.  7,  1869,  and  made  forty- 
one  perfect  photographs.  He  received  the  degree 
Ph.D.  from  Pennsylvania  college  in  1866  ;  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  National  Academy  of 
Sciences  in  1872,  and  was  a  member  of  the  other 
principal  scientific  societies  of  America.  He  was 
married,  Dec.  27,  1865.  to  Catharine  Duckett, 
daughter  of  Dr.  Charles  Goldsborough  of  Fred 
erick  county,  Md.  She  died  in  1868,  and  he  was 
married,  secondly,  June  30,  1869,  to  Maria  Louisa, 
(laughter  of  Rasin  Hammond  and  Margaret  (Mc- 
Fadon)  Snowden  of  Prince  Georges  county,  Md. 
He  was  associate  editor  of  the  American  Journal 
[420] 


MAYER 


MAYER 


of  Science  in  1893,  and  contributed  papers  to 
scientific  journals,  his  subjects  including  :  Esti 
mation  of  tJte  Weight  of  Very  Small  Portions  of 
Mutter  (1857);  Researches  in  Electro-Magnetism 
(1870);  Observations  on  the  Magnetic  Declination 
in  Connection  with  the  Aurora  of  October  11  (1870); 
and  Researches  in  Acoustics  (1871-75).  He  in 
vented  the  topoplione  and  an  acoustic  pyrometer. 
He  continued  to  contribute  numerous  and  impor 
tant  papers  to  scientific  literature  and  published 
the  following  in  book  form  :  Lecture  Notes  on 
Physics  (1868):  The  Earth,  a  Great  Magnet (1872); 
Light (1877) ;  Sonnd(l878).  He  edited  :  Sport  with 
Gun  and  Rod  in  American  Woods  and  Waters, 
writing  the  chapters:  "Shotgun"  and  '"Blow- 
gun."  HediedinMaplewood,  N.J.,  July  13,  1897. 
MAYER,  Brantz,  author,  was  born  in  Balti 
more,  Md.,  Sept.  27,  1809  ;  son  of  Christian  and 
Anne  Katharine  (Baum)  Mayer.  He  was  a 
student  at  St.  Mary's  college,  Baltimore,  Md.  ; 
studied  law  during  a  voyage  to  China,  1827-28  ; 
and  was  graduated  LL.B.  at  the  University  of 
Maryland.  He  was  married,  Sept.  27,  1835,  to 
Mary,  daughter  of  Daniel  S.  and  Mary  (Dunham) 
Griswold  of  St.  Mary's.  Ga.  She  died  Oct.  30, 
1845,  and  he  was  married,  secondly.  Nov.  15, 
1848,  to  Cornelia,  daughter  of  John  Henry  and 
Jane  (Taylor)  Poor  of  Baltimore.  He  practised 
law  in  Baltimore,  Md..  1833-42  ;  was  secretary  of 
the  U.S.  legation  in  Mexico,  1842-44,  and  prac 
tised  law  in  Baltimore,  1844-55.  He  founded  the 
Maryland  Historical  society  in  1844,  and  was  its 
president,  1844-70.  He  served  as  an  executor  of 
the  estate  of  John  McDonough.  1851-55,  and  as  a 
commissioner  of  the  city  of  Baltimore  for  the 
administration,  sale  and  liquidation  of  the  inter 
est  of  the  city  in  that  estate,  1855-59,  and  in 
1859  transferred  to  the  city  of  Baltimore  the 
large  bequest  accruing,  which  was  devoted  to 
the  support  of  the  McDonough  Educational  in 
stitution.  He  was  president  of  the  central 
union  committee  in  1861,  and  was  active  in  sus 
taining  the  Federal  government.  He  was  ap 
pointed  brigadier-general  of  volunteers,  1861  ; 
was  paymaster  of  volunteers,  1863-65.  and  pay 
master  in  the  U.S.  army  with  rank  of  major, 
1867-75.  when  he  was  retired  from  active  service 
with  the  rank  of  colonel,  having  reached  the  age 
of  sixty-two.  He  was  brevetted  lieutenant-colo 
nel,  Nov.  24,  1865,  for  service  during  the  war. 
He  is  the  author  of  :  Mexico  As  It  W(ts  and  As  It 
Is  (1844) ;  Mexico,  Aztec,  Spanish  and  Republican 
(2  vols.,  1851);  Captain  Canot,  or  Ticeitty-four 
Years  of  an  African  Slaver  (1854);  Observations 
on  Mexican  History  and  Archaeology  in  Smithson 
ian  Contributions  to  Knowledge  (1856);  Mexican 
Antiquities  (1858);  Memoir  of  Jared  Sparks 
{1867);  Baltimore  As  It  Was  and  As  It  Is  (1871). 
He  died  in  Baltimore,  Md.,  March  21,  1879. 


MAYER,  Constant,  artist,  was  born  in  Be- 
sancpn,  France,  Oct.  4,  1832.  He  entered  the 
Ecole  des  Beaux-Arts,  Paris,  and  continued 
his  studies  under  Leon  Cogniet.  He  opened  a 
studio  in  Paris,  and  in  1857  established  himself 
in  New  York  city,  where  he  remained  for  some 
years,  subsequently  dividing  his  time  between 
New  York  and  Paris.  He  was  elected  an  asso 
ciate  of  the  National  Academy  of  Design  in  1866, 
was  made  a  chevalier  of  the  Legion  of  Honor  of 
France  in  1869,  and  was  a  member  of  the  Society 
of  French  Artists  and  of  the  American  Art  union. 
He  exhibited  frequently  in  the  Paris  Salon  after 
1865.  His  works,  chiefly  genre  paintings  and 
portraits,  include  :  portraits  of  General  Grant 
and  General  Sherman  (1863):  Beggar  Girl  (1863); 
Consolation  (1864):  Recognition  (1865);  Good 
Words  (1866);  Riches  and  Poverty  (1867)  ;  Maud 
Midler  (1867);  Street  Melodies  (1867);  Early 
Grief  (1889);  Oracle  of  the  Field  (1875);  Song  of 
the  Shirt  (1875);  Song  of  Twilight  (1879);  In  the 
Woods  (1880);  The  Vagabonds  (1881) ;  Lord's  Day 
(1883);  Lami  Tennis  (1883);  Mandolin  Player 
(1884):  The  First  Communion  (1886);  Evangeline, 
The  Witch's  Daughter  and  Trilby. 

MAYER,  Francis  Black  well,  painter,  was  born 
in  Baltimore,  Md.,  Dec.  27,  1827  ;  son  of  Charles 
Frederick  and  Elizabeth  Caldwell  (Black well) 
Mayer,  and  brother  of  Alfred  Marshall  Mayer. 
He  studied  art  under  Alfred  J.  Miller  and  Ernest 
Fischer  in  Baltimore,  Md.,  was  present  at  the 
treaties  of  Traverse  des  Sioux  and  Mendota,  Min 
nesota  Territory,  in  1851,  then  visited  the  Da 
kota  Indians,  and  travelled  in  the  western  and 
northwestern  states  to  study  Indian  types.  He 
studied  under  Gleyreand  Brion  in  Paris,  1862-70  ; 
visited  Holland,  France,  Germany  and  England, 
and  was  in  Paris  during  the  siege.  He  exhibited 
in  the  Paris  salons  between  the  years  1862-70  ; 
opened  a  studio  in  Annapolis,  Md.,  in  1870,  and 
in  1876  received  a  medal  and  diploma  from  the 
Centennial  Exposition  for  his  pictures  Conti 
nentals  and  Attic  Philosopher.  Among  his 
more  important  paintings  are  :  TJte  Feast  of 
Mondawmin  (1857);  Doing  and  Dreaming  (1858); 
The  Nineteenth  Century  (1869);  Annapolis  in  1750 
(1876):  Talking  Business  in  1750  (1879);  Crowning 
a  Troubadour  (1885);  Treaty  of  Traverse  des  Sioux, 
Minnesota  (1886),  The.  Washington  Cockade;  TJie 
Planting  of  the  Colony  of  Maryland  ;  The  Foun 
ders  of  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  Railroad,  an  his 
torical  painting  containing  twenty-nine  portraits 
(1891)  ;  and  The  Burning  of  the  Peggy  Stuart. 
He  is  the  author  of  contributions  to  magazines, 
illustrated  by  himself. 

MAYER,  Philip  Frederick,  clergyman,  was 
born  in  New  York  city,  April  1, 1781  ;  son  of  George 
Frederick  Mayer,  a  Swabian  and  Lutheran,  who 
immigrated  to  New  York  and  married  a  native  of 


MAYES 


MAYHEW 


that  city.  He  was  fitted  for  college  at  Mr.  Camp 
bell's  grammar  school  and  \vas  graduated  at 
Columbia  in  1799.  He  studied  theology  under  the 
Rev.  Dr.  John  C.  Kunze,  1799-1802.  and  was  re 
ceived  as  a  member  of  the  Evangelical  Lutheran 


& 

OLD    LUTHERAN     CHURCH -PHILA.PA.-ISOO 

Ministerium  of  the  state  of  New  York,  Sept.  1, 
1802.  He  was  ordained  in  1803.  and  was  pastor 
at  Lunenburg  (now  Athens),  N.Y..  1803-06.  He 
was  married,  May  24, 1804,  to  Lucy  W.,  daughter 
of  Daniel  Rodman,  of  New  York.  He  was  pastor 
of  St.  John's  English  Lutheran  church,  Philadel 
phia.  Pa..  1806-57.  This  was  the  first  exclusively 
English  Lutheran  congregation  in  the  United 
States.  He  was  active  in  originating  and  sustain 
ing  many  important  charities  in  Philadelphia  ; 
was  one  of  the  founders,  in  1808,  of  the  Pennsyl 
vania  Bible  society,  the  first  in  the  United  States  ; 
its  active  manager  for  many  years,  and  its  pre 
siding  officer  at  the  time  of  his  death.  He  pre 
pared  a  collection  of  hymns  for  public  worship, 
to  which  was  appended  a  liturgy  in  1812,  and  a 
new  edition  in  1833.  He  was  influential  in  estab 
lishing  the  system  of  public  education  adopted  by 
the  state  in  1817,  and  was  president  of  the  board 
of  managers  of  the  Institution  for  the  Deaf  and 
Dumb  for  several  years.  He  declined  the  degree 
D.D.  from  Harvard  in  1804,  believing  himself  too 
young  for  such  honor,  and  also  declined  the  pro- 
vostship  of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania  in 
1833,  when  the  Rev.  Dr.  W.  H.  de  Lancey  resigned. 
He  received  the  degree  D.D.  from  the  University 
of  Pennsylvania  in  1823  and  from  Columbia  in 
1837,  and  was  a  trustee  of  the  University  of 
Pennsylvania,  1824-57.  His  sermon,  delivered  in 
1850.011  the  fiftieth  anniversary  of  his  settlement 
over  St.  John's  church  was  published.  He  died 
in  Philadelphia,  Pa..  April  10.  1857. 

MAYES,  Edward,  educator,  was  born  in  Hinds 
county,  Miss.,  Dec.  15,  1846  :  son  of  Daniel  and 
Elizabeth  (Rigg)  Mayes.  He  attended  Bethany 
college,  Va..  1860-61  ;  served  in  the  Confederate 
army,  1864-65  :  was  graduated  at  the  University 
of  Mississippi,  A.B.,  1868,  and  LL.B.,  1870,  and 


practised  law  in  Oxford,  Miss.  He  was  professor 
of  governmental  science  and  law  in  the  Univer 
sity  of  Mississippi,  1877-92;  chairman  of  the 
faculty,  1886-89,  and  chancellor  of  the  university, 
1889-92.  He  received  the  honorary  degree  of 
LL.D.  from  Mississippi  college.  He  is  the  author 
of  Life,  Times  and  Speeciies  of  L.  (J.  C.  Linintr 
(1896),  and  of  History  of  Education  in  Missis 
sippi  (1900). 

MAYHEW,  Jonathan,  clergyman,  was  born 
at  Martha's  Vineyard.  Oct.  8,  1720;  son  of  the 
Rev.  Experience  (1673-1758)  and  Thankful  (Hinck- 
ley)  May  hew  ;  grandson  of  the  Rev.  John  May- 
hew  and  of  Gov.  Thomas  Hinckley,  and  a  descend 
ant  through  the  Rev. 
Thomas,  Jr.  (1620-16- 
57)  of  Thomas  and 
Jane(Paine)  Mayhew 
(1592-1632),  who  set 
tled  in  Medford,  M4ass., 
about  1631,  and  with 
their  son  Thomas  re 
moved  to  Watertowii 
in  1636  and  to  Mar 
tha's  Vineyard  in  1642, 
where  he  established 
a  colony  and  served 
as  governor.  Jona 
than  was  graduated 
at  Harvard  in  1744; 
tutored  and  studied 
theology  in  Cambridge,  Mass.,  1744-47,  and  on 
March  6,  1747,  became  pastor  of  West  church,  Bos 
ton,  as  successor  to  William  Hooper,  where  he 
served  until  his  death.  His  religious  views,  which 
were  extremely  liberal  and  approached  rational 
ism,  were  so  unpopular  that  no  Boston  minister 
took  part  in  his  ordination,  and  he  was  not  admit 
ted  to  the  Boston  Association  of  Congregational 
Ministers.  He  was  married  in  1756  to  Elizabeth, 
daughter  of  John  Clark,  of  Boston.  He  advocated 
limited  allegiance  to  the  crown  as  early  as  1750, 
and  in  1763  opposed  the  work  of  the  British  so 
ciety  for  the  propagation  of  the  gospel  in  foreign 
parts  and  the  introduction  of  bishops  into  the 
colonies,  which  involved  him  in  a  controversjr 
with  the  Archbishop  of  Canterbury  and  the  iicv. 
East  Apthorpe,  Episcopal  missionary  to  Boston. 
He  addressed  a  letter  to  James  Otis  in  June.  1766, 
in  which  lie  showed  his  anxiety  respecting  t  lie 
political  state  of  the  country  and  the  importance 
of  the  union  of  the  colonies.  He  received  the 
degree  D.D.  from  the  University  of  Aberdeen  in 
1750.  and  served  as  scribe  to  the  Massachusetts 
Convention  of  Congregational  Ministers.  1755-56. 
He  is  the  author  of  many  sermons  published 
singly  and  in  collections.  Alden  Bradford  pre 
pared  a  memoir  of  his  life  and  writings  (1838).. 
He  died  in  Boston,  Mass.,  July  9,  1706. 


1422] 


MAYNARD 


MAYNARD 


MAYNARD,  Charles  Johnson,  naturalist,  was 
born  in  West  Newton,  Mass.,  May  6,  1845  ;  son  of 
Samuel  and  Emaline  (Sanger)  Maynard  ;  grand 
son  of  Samuel  and  Suza  (Maynard)  Maynard,  and 
a  descendant  of  John  Maynard,  a  native  of  Cam 
bridge,  England,  who  settled  in  Sudbury,  Mass., 
in  1638,  and  Mary  Axdell,  his  wife.  He  was 
educated  in  the  public  schools,  engaged  in  fann 
ing  and  made  a  study  of  natural  history  from  his 
youth.  He  made  extensive  investigations  of  the 
vocal  organs  of  birds,  discovered  the  vocal  organs 
of  the  American  bittern,  and  also  made  a  specialty 
of  the  land  shells  of  the  West  India  genus  Stro- 
pliia,  now  known  as  Cerion.  He  began  his  work 
of  the  introduction  of  nature  study  into  schools 
in  1875  and  was  instrumental  in  introducing  a 
ne\v  method  of  instruction  whereby  children  are 
taught  to  observe  facts  in  nature  and  to  reason 
about  those  facts  and  form  their  own  conclusions. 
He  was  vice-president  of  the  Nuttall  Ornithologi 
cal  club  of  Cambridge,  Mass.,  in  1875,  and  an 
original  member  and  president  of  the  Newton 
Natural  History  society  in  1891.  He  was  origi 
nator  and  editor  of  Nuttall's  Ornithological  Bulle 
tin  (1881)  ;  editor  of  Nature  Study  in  Schools 
(1899)  ;  and  the  author  of  Naturalist's  Guide 
(1870)  ;  Birds  of  Eastern  North  America  (1881)  ; 
Manual  of  Taxidermy  (1883)  ;  Butterflies  of  New 
England  (1886)  ;  Eggs  of  North  American  Birds 
(1889)  ;  Contributions  to  Science  (3  vols.,  1889-96) ; 
Bahama  Fruit  Finch  ;  Manual  of  North  American 
Butterflies  (1891)  ;  Sparrows  and  Finches  of  New 
England  (1896)  ;  Monograph  of  the  Genus  Stro- 
phia  (189G) ;  Nature  Studies.  No.  2,  Sponges  (1898); 
Warblers  of  New  England  (1901)  ;  and  contribu 
tions  to  scientific  publications. 

MAYNARD,  Edward,  inventor,  was  born  in 
Madison,  N.Y.,  AprU  26,  1813  ;  son  of  Moses  and 
Chloe  (Butler)  Maynard  ;  grandson  of  Lemuel  and 
Sarah  (Wright)  Maynard,  and  a  descendant  of 
John  Maynard,  Sudbury,  Mass.,  1638.  He  received 
his  primary  education  at  Hamilton  academy  ; 
entered  the  U.S.  Military  academy  in  1831,  but 
resigned  the  same  year  on  account  of  delicate 
health.  He  then  studied  anatomy,  architecture, 
drawing  and  civil  engineering,  and  practised 
dentistry  in  Washington,  B.C.,  1836-90.  He 
was  professor  of  the  theory  and  practice  of  dentis 
try  in  the  Baltimore  College  of  Dental  Surgery, 
1857-90,  and  of  the  same  in  the  dental  depart 
ment  of  the  National  university  at  Washington, 
D.C.  He  discovered  the  great  diversity  of  form, 
situation  and  capacity  of  the  maxillary  antra  ; 
announced  the  existence  of  dental  fibrils  before 
their  discovery  by  use  of  the  microscope,  and  was 
one  of  the  first  if  not  the  first  (in  1838)  to  fill 
thoroughly  with  gold  foil  the  nerve  cavity,  in 
cluding  the  nerve  canals  in  molar  and  bicuspid 
teeth,  which  operation  he  introduced  in  Europe 


in  1845.  He  declined  the  position  of  court  den 
tist  offered  by  Emperor  Nicholas  I.  of  Russia 
in  1845.  He  invented,  besides  many  instruments 
used  in  dental  surgery,  firearms  and  ammuni 
tion,  and  patented  a  priming  to  take  the  place 
of  percussion-caps  in 
firearms  (1845)  ;  a 
breechloading  rifle, 
called  the  Maynard 
rifle  (1851),  second 
patent  (1859),  which 
resulted  in  great  in 
crease  in  precision 
and  was  adopted  by 
the  U.S.  government, 
by  all  American 
manufacturers  of 
breech-loading  arms 
and  for  military  ri 
fles  of  nearly  all  the 
nations  of  the  world. 
He  also  invented  a 

method  of  converting  muzzle-loading  into  breech- 
loading  arms  (1860)  ;  a  method  of  joining  two 
barrels  (rifle  or  short)  by  a  device  that  per 
mits  either  barrel  to  expand  or  contract,  end 
wise,  independently  (1868),  and  a  contrivance 
for  indicating  the  number  of  cartridges  in  the 
magazine  of  a  repeating  firearm  at  any  time  (1886). 
He  received  honors  from  Prussia  and  Sweden  for 
his  inventions  in  fire-arms.  He  was  first  mar 
ried,  Sept.  3,  1838,  to  Sophia  Ellen,  daughter  of 
Moses  and  Elizabeth  (Pike)  Doty,  and  in  1869,  to 
Nellie,  daughter  of  William  Long,  of  Savannah, 
Ga.  He  died  in  Washington,  D.C.,  May  4,  1891. 

MAYNARD,  George  Willoughby,  artist,  was 
born  in  Washington,  D.C. ,  March  5.  1843  ;  son  of 
Edward  and  Sophia  Ellen  (Doty)  Maynard.  He 
began  the  study  of  art  in  the  National  Academy 
of  Design,  New  York  city,  in  1868,  and  studied 
under  Van  Lerius  at  the  Royal  Academy  at  Ant 
werp  and  travelled  and  studied  in  France,  Ger 
many,  Austro-Hungary,  Turkey.  Greece  and 
Italy,  1869-74.  He  became  an  assistant  of  John 
La  Farge,  witli  St.  Gaudens,  Millet  and  Lathrop, 
in  the  interior  decoration  of  Trinity  church,  Bos 
ton,  in  1875  ;  engaged  in  painting  portraits  ;  and 
in  1877  made  a  special  study  of  mural  painting  in 
England,  France  and  Italy.  He  opened  a  studio 
in  New  York  city  in  1878  ;  was  elected  a  member 
of  the  Society  of  American  Artists  in  1880  ;  an 
associate  of  the  National  Academy  in  1883,  and 
an  Academician  in  1885.  and  was  a  member  of 
the  American  Water  Color  society  and  presi 
dent  of  the  Salmagundi  Sketch  club.  He  taught 
drawing  in  the  Cooper  institute  and  the  National 
Academy,  and  designed  parts  of  the  interior  dec 
oration  for  the  Metropolitan  opera-house,  New 
York  ;  Keith's  theatre,  Boston  ;  the  Ponce  de  Leon 


[4231 


MAYXARD 


MAYNARD 


f 


hotel,  St.  Augustine,  Fla.;  William  Rockefeller's 
home  at  Tarrytown,  N.Y.  ;  Whitelaw  Reid's  resi 
dence  at  Tarrytown,  N.Y.,  and  the  dining-rooms 
of  the  Plaza,  Imperial  and  Savoy  hotels  and  the 
ball-room  of  Sherry's,  New  York  city.  He  also 
received  the  commis 
sion  for  the  decora 
tion  of  the  Agricul 
tural  building  at  the 
World's  Columbian 
exposition  in  1893, 
and  received  a  medal 
of  honor  as  one  of 
the  designers  of  the 
World's  Columbian 
exposition.  He  made 
a  specialty  of  por 
traits  and  figure  group 
paintings,  was  award 
ed  the  Temple  gold 
medal  by  the  Penn 
sylvania  Academy  of 

Fine  Arts  in  1884 ;  the  medal  of  honor  by  the 
American  Art  association  in  1888  ;  the  Evans 
prize  by  the  American  Water  Color  society, 
and  the  Shaw  prize  by  the  Society  of  American 
Artists.  Besides  portraits  his  paintings  include  : 
Vespers  at  Antwerp  (1873)  and  1776,  exhibited 
at  the  Centennial  exhibition  of  1876  ;  An  An 
cient  Mariner  (1883)  ;  Strange  Gods  (1885)  ;  The 
Portrait  of  a  Child  (1886)  ;  Old  and  Rare  (1887)  ; 
In  Strange  Seas  (1889)  ;  Sappho,  The  Sirens, 
and  Aurora  (1899). 

MAYNARD,  Horace,  statesman,  was  born  in 
Westboro,  Mass.,  Aug.  30,  1814  ;  son  of  Ephraim 
and  Diana  (Cogswell)  Maynard  ;  grandson  of  Jon 
athan  and  Zipporah  (Bruce)  Maynard.  and  of 

James  and  Rebecca 
(Cotton)  Cogswell, 
and  a  descendant  in 
the  sixth  generation 
from  Sir  John  May 
nard,  proprietor  of 
Sudbury,  Mass.,  16- 
38 ;  and  from  John 
Cogswell,  1635.  He 
paid  his  own  way 
through  college  and 
•was  grad  uated  at 
Amherst,  valedictor 
ian  of  the  class,  18- 
38.  He  was  an  in 
structor  and  princi 
pal  of  the  prepara 
tory  department.  East  Tennessee  college,  1838-40, 
and  was  professor  of  mathematics  and  natural 
history  there.  1840-44.  He  was  married,  Aug. 
30,  1840.  to  Laura  Ann,  daughter  of  the  Rev. 
Azel  Washburu  of  Royalton,  Vt.  He  was  ad- 


mitted  to  the  bar  in  1844,  practised  in  Knox- 
ville,  and  was  an  unsuccessful  candidate  on  the 
Whig  ticket  for  representative  in  the  33d  con 
gress  in  1852;  elector  on  the  Scott  and  Graham 
ticket,  and  elector  at  large  on  the  Fill  more  and 
Donelson  ticket,  lie  \vasa  delegate  to  the  Whig 
national  convention  of  1852  ;  a  member  of  the 
constitutional  convention  of  Tennessee,  1865;  a 
delegate  to  the  Philadelphia  Loyalists'  conven 
tion,  1866,  and  president  of  the  Border  State  con 
vention,  Baltimore.  1867.  He  was  Native  Ameri 
can  representative  from  the  second  Tennessee 
district  in  the  35th,  36th  and  37th  congresses, 
1857-63  ;  and  was  chairman  of  the  special  com 
mittee  to  investigate  the  accounts  of  William 
Cullom,  clerk  of  the  house.  For  his  disloyalty  his 
property  was  confiscated  by  the  Confederate 
government  in  1862,  and  he  and  his  family  were 
driven  from  eastern  Tennessee.  He  was  attorney- 
general  of  Tennessee,  1863-65,  was  a  Republican 
representative  in  the  39th  congress,  being  ad 
mitted  to  his  seat  near  the  close  of  the  first  ses 
sion,  and  was  re-elected  to  the  40th,  41st  and  42d 
congresses,  and  as  a  representative  at  large  to 
the  43d  congress,  serving  1866-75.  He  was  chair 
man  of  the  committees  on  southern  railroads  and 
banking.  He  was  the  defeated  Republican  candi 
date  for  governor  of  Tennessee  in  1874  ;  was  U.S. 
minister  to  Turkey,  1875-80.  and  postmaster- 
general  under  President  Hayes  from  August.  1880. 
until  March  4,  1881.  He  received  the  degree  of 
LL.D.  from  Amherst  in  1862.  He  died  in  Knox- 
ville,  Tenn..  May  3,  1882. 

MAYNARD,  Samuel  Taylor,  botanist,  was 
born  in  Hardwick,  Mass.,  Dec.  6,  1844:  son  of 
William  and  Sarah  (Nourse)  Maynard  ;  grandson 
of  Taylor  and  Betsey  Maynard,  and  a  descendant 
of  Samuel  Nourse.  He  was  graduated  from  the 
Massachusetts  Agricultural  college  in  1872  and 
was  chosen  professor  of  botany  and  horticulture 
at  that  institution  in  1879.  He  was  botanist  and 
homologist  of  the  Massachusetts  state  board  of 
agriculture  :  a  director  of  the  horticultural  divis 
ion  of  the  state  experimental  station,  and  sec 
retary  of  the  Massachusetts  Fruit  Growers'  asso 
ciation.  He  is  the  author  of:  The  Practical 
Fruit  Grower  (18S4),  which  reached  a  sale  of 
over  100.000  copies,  and  landscape  Garden!  IHJ 
as  Applied  to  Home  Decoration  (1899),  besides 
numerous  contributions  on  botanical  and  horti 
cultural  subjects  to  the  leading  magazines. 

MAYNARD,  Washburn,  naval  officer,  was 
born  in  Knoxville.  Tenn..  Dec.  5,  1844;  son  of 
Horace  and  Laura  Ann  (Washburn)  Maynard  ; 
grandson  of  Ephraim  and  Diana  Harriet  (Cogs 
well)  Maynard.  and  of  Azel  and  Sallie  (Skinner) 
Washburn.  and  a  descendant  of  Sir  John  May 
nard,  who  settled  in  Sudbury,  Mass.,  1638.  He 
was  a  student  in  the  public  schools  of  Westboro, 


[4241 


MAYNARD 


MAYO 


H/~MDAi  P. 


Mass.;  attended  the  East  Tennessee  university 
through  the  junior  year  and  received  private  in 
struction,  under  the  Rev.  Frederick  Esperandieu, 
near  Kuoxville.  He  was  graduated  at  the  U.S. 
Naval  academy  in  June,  1866  ;  was  promoted  en 
sign,  March  12, 18(58  ;  master,  March  26, 1869  :  and 
lieutenant,  March  21, 1870.  He  was  married.  Oct. 
4,  1871.  to  Bessie,  youngest  daughter  of  the  Rev. 
Charles  Timothy  (q.v.),  and  Harriet  Lyman  (Ha 
zard)  Brooks  of  Newport,  R.I.  Of  the  children  of 
this  marriage,  all  of  whom  were  born  in  Newport, 
George  Stevens  Maynard  was  born  Jan.  23.  1873  ; 
Edward  Wash  burn  Maynard,  Sept.  13,  1875,  and 
Robert  Washlmrn  Maynard, Oct. 19, 1879.  He  served 

on  the  Califor 
nia,  Saranac 
and  Richmond 
of  the  Pacific 
fleet,  1872-74, 
on  special  duty 
in  connection 
with  the  seal 
fisheries,  1874-75,  and  on  the  iron-clad  ~\Vyan- 
dotte  on  the  North  Atlantic  station  in  1876. 
He  was  engaged  on  the  coast  survey,  1876-77, 
commanded  the  coast-survey  steamer  Fathomer 
in  1877,  and  was  attached  to  the  Tennessee  on 
the  North  Atlantic  station,  1879-82.  He  was 
promoted  lieutenant-commander,  Sept.  27,  1884  ; 
served  on  the  Brooklyn  on  the  North  Atlantic 
and  Asiatic  stations,  1885-87  ;  at  the  bureau  of 
ordnance,  1887-91  ;  commanded  the  Pinta,  1891- 
93,  and  served  in  the  bureau  of  equipment.  1893- 
97.  He  was  promoted  commander,  Sept.  27,  1893  ; 
commanded  the  Nashville  Aug.  19,  1897,  to 
July,  1899,  and  during  the  Spanish-American  war, 
from  April  to  August,  1898  ;  was  made  lighthouse 
inspector  of  the  2d  district,  Dec.  12,  1899,  and  on 
March  9,  1900.  was  promoted  captain. 

MAYO,  Amory  Dwight,  clergyman  and  edu 
cationist,  was  born  in  Warwick.  Mass.,  Jan.  31, 
1823  ;  son  of  Amory  and  Sophronia  (Cobb)  Mayo  ; 
grandson  of  Caleb  and  Molly  Mayo  and  of  Will 
iam  and  Beulali  Cobb,  and  a  descendant  of  the 
Rev.  John  Mayo,  first  minister  of  the  Second 
church  of  Boston,  Mass.,  1655.  He  was  a  student 
at  Deerfield  academy,  Mass.,  and  at  Amherst 
college,  1843-44.  He  taught  in  the  public  schools 
of  Massachusetts,  1839-44  ;  studied  for  the  Liberal 
Christian  ministry  under  the  Rev.  Hosea  Ballou, 
1844-46,  and  was  pastor  of  the  Independent 
Christian  society,  the  first  Universalist  church  in 
the  United  States,  in  Gloucester,  Mass.,  1846-54. 
He  was  married,  first,  July  28,  1846,  to  Sarah 
Carter  Edgarton  of  Shirley,  Mass.,  and  secondly, 
in  December,  1853,  to  Lucy  Caroline  Clarke  of 
New  Brighton,  Pa.  He  was  pastor  of  the  Liberal 
Christian  church  at  Cleveland.  Ohio.  1854-55  ;  of 
the  Division  Street  church  at  Albany,  N.Y., 


1856-63;  of  the  Church  of  the  Redeemer  (Unita 
rian),  Cincinnati,  Ohio.  1863-72,  and  of  the 
Church  of  the  Unity  (Unitarian),  Springfield, 
Mass. ,  1872-79.  He  was  professor  of  ecclesiastical 
polity  and  a  lecturer  in  Meadville  Theological 
school,  Pa.,  1868-98.  From  1880  he  held  no 
parish,  residing  chiefly  in  Washington,  D.C., 
but  retaining  his  citizenship  in  Massachusetts 
and  residing  in  Boston  during  the  summer.  He 
devoted  himself  to  educational  work,  especially 
in  the  southern  states.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
board  of  education  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  1863-72, 
and  in  Springfield,  Mass.,  1872-79.  He  strongly 
urged  the  use  of  the  Bible  in  the  public  schools 
and  the  proposed  Christian  amendment  to  the 
U.S.  constitution.  He  received  the  honorary 
degrees,  A.M.  from  Amherst,  1874,  and  LL.D. 
from  Berea  college,  Ky.,  1897.  He  lectured  in, 
thirty  states  and  was  associate  editor  and  edi 
torial  writer  of  the  New  England  and  National 
Journal  of  Education  in  Boston,  1880-86.  He  con 
tributed  largely  to  educational  periodical  litera 
ture  and  is  the  author  of:  The  Balance ;  or  the 
Moral  Argument  for  Universalism  (1847);  Graces 
and  Pou-ers  of  the  Christian  Life  (1850);  Symbols 
of  the  Capital,  or  Civilization  in  New  York  (1859) ; 
Religion  in  Common  Schools  (1869);  Talks  u-ith 
Teachers  (1878)  ;  Industrial  Education  in  the 
South(lSS2) ;  Southern  Women  in  the  Recent  Edu 
cational  Movement  in  the  South  (1885)  ;  His 
tory  of  the  American  Common  School,  appearing 
in  the  reports  of  the  U.S.  bureau  of  education 
from  1893.  He  also  edited  a  volume  of  selections 
from  his  first  wife's  writings,  with  a  memoir 
(1849). 

MAYO,  Frank,  actor,  was  born  in  Boston, 
Mass.,  April  19,  1839.  He  was  educated  in  the 
Boston  public  schools,  and  in  1854  went  to  Cali 
fornia  to  engage  in  mining  gold.  He  made  his 
debut  as  an  actor,  July  19,  1856,  at  the  American 
theatre,  San  Francisco,  under  the  management 
of  Laura  Keene,  and  played  in  the  west  with 
Edwin  Booth.  Julia  Dean  Hayne  and  others.  He 
scored  a  success  as  Nana  Sahib,  in  Boucicault's 
"  Jessie  Brown,"  in  San  Francisco,  and  was  the 
leading  man  at  Maguire's  opera-house  in  San 
Francisco,  1863-65  ;  at  the  Boston  theatre,  1865- 
66,  and  appeared  as  Badger  in  "  Tiie  Streets  of 
New  York,"  and  as  Hamlet,  Richard  the  Third, 
lago,  Othello,  Jack  Cade,  d'Artagnan,  and  Don 
Caesar  de  Bazan,  with  great  success.  He  playe*d 
for  the  first  time  in  New  York  city  in  March, 
1869,  at  the  Grand  opera-house,  as  Ferdinand  in 
"  The  Tempest,"  followed  by  a  tour,  in  which  lie 
played  in  the  standard  Shakespearian  dramas, 
and  in  "The  Robbers."  "The  Three  Guards 
men,"  '"The  Marble  Heart"  and  "Damon  and 
Pythias."  He  produced  "Davy  Crockett"  for 
the  first  time  at  Rochester,  N.Y.,  Sept.  24,  1872,. 


L425J 


MAYO 


MAYO 


and  became  identified  with  this  character  of  a 
typical  American  backwoodsman,  lie  appeared 
in  it  more  than  2,000  times  in  Great  Britain  and 
the  United  States,  and  played  the  part  almost 
exclusively  until  1884.  His  last  appearance  -was 
in  the  original  dramatization  of  Mark  Twain's 
"  Pudd'n-head  Wilson,"  which  was  first  presented 
in  New  York  city,  April  15,  1895.  He  wrote 
Xordeck  with  John  G.  Wilson,  and  played  the 
title  role.  He  died  on  a  railroad  train,  near  Grand 
Island,  Neb.,  June  8,  1896. 

MAYO,  Robert,  author,  was  born  in  Pow- 
hatan  county,  Va.,  April  25,  1784;  grandson  of 
William  Mayo,  pioneer  surveyor,  who  was  born 
in  England,  168 —  ;  was  a  surveyor  in  the 
Barbadoes,  1717-21,  and  in  Virginia,  1723-44; 
ran  the  boundary  line  between  Virginia  and 
North  Carolina,  in  connection  with  Alexander 
Irvin,  1728  ;  surveyed  the  disputed  land  claimed 
by  Lord  Fairfax  and  the  crown  on  the  northern 
neck  of  Virginia,  1737  ;  laid  out  the  city  of  Rich 
mond,  1737  ;  became  chief  civil  engineer  of  Vir 
ginia,  and  died  in  Richmond,  Oct.  20,  1744. 
Robert  Mayo  was  graduated  at  the  University  of 
Pennsylvania.  M.D.,  1808,  and  practised  in  Rich 
mond,  1808-30.  He  edited  the  Jackson  Democrat 
in  the  presidential  canvass  of  1828  ;  and  was  in 
the  treasury  department.  Washington,  D.C.,  1860- 
04.  He  is  the  author  of  :  View  of  Ancient  Geog 
raphy  and  History  (1813);  New  System  of  Myth 
ology  (4  vols.,  1815-19);  Pension  Laws  of  the 
United  States,  1775-18,33  (1833);  Commercial  and 
Revenue  System  of  the  United  States  (2  vols., 
1847);  The  Treasury  Department :  its  Origin,  Or- 
ganization  and  Operations  (1847).  He  was  pre 
paring  a  genealogical  history  of  the  Mayo  family 
of  Virginia  at  the  time  of  his  death.  He  died  in 
Washington,  D.C.,  Oct.  31.  1864. 

MAYO,  Sarah  Carter  Edgarton,  author,  was 
born  in  Shirley,  Mass.,  March  17,  1819.  She  was 
educated  imthe  district  schools  of  Shirley  and  at 
Westford  academy,  Mass.,  and  began  to  write  for 
publication  in  1835,  contributing  to  the  Ladies' 
Repository,  Universalist  and  other  papers.  She 
established  in  1840,  and  edited,  1840-48,  the  Rose 
of  Sharon,  a  religious  annual,  and  also  edited 
Tlie  Ladies'1  Repository,  1840-48.  She  was  mar 
ried,  July  28,  1846,  to  the  Rev.  Arnory  Dwight 
Mayo  (q.v.).  She  edited  The  Poems  of  Mrs.  Julia 
W.  Scott,  with  a  memoir  (1843;,  and  is  the  author 
of  :  The  Palfreys  (1840)  ;  Ellen  Clifford  (1842)  ; 
The  Floiver  Vase  (1845)  ;  Spring  Planters  (1846)  ; 
TJte  Floral  Fortune  Teller  (1847)  ;  Fables  of  Flora 
( 1848) .  She  died  in  Gloucester,  Mass. ,  July  9, 1848. 

MAYO,  William  Kennon,  naval  officer,  was 
born  at  Drummondtown,  Va.,  May  29,  1829.  He 
was  appointed  a  midshipman  from  Virginia  in 
the  U.S.  navy,  Oct.  18.  1841  ;  had  charge  of  the 
boats  of  the  landing  party  at  the  capitulation  of 


U.SS      HARTFORD. 


Monterey  ;  was  on  the  sloop  St.  Mary's  in  Texas 
waters,  1844-47,  and  took  part  in  the  blockade  of 
Tampico  and  Vera  Cruz.  He  was  promoted 
passed  midshipman,  Aug.  10,  1847  ;  served  on  the 
Dolphin  in  the  North  Atlantic  surveys,  1851-52, 
where  lie  was 
commended  as 
an  accurate  and 
critical  naviga 
tor  ;  served  as 
an  instructor  „__? 
at  the  Naval 
academy,  1854; 
was  promoted  master,  Sept.  14,  1855.  lieuten 
ant,  Sept.  15,  1S55,  and  served  on  the  Min 
nesota  when  on  a  special  diplomatic  mission 
to  Asia,  1857-59.  He  was  instructor  in  ethics 
in  the  U.S.  Naval  academy,  1859-60  ;  served 
on  the  Pennsylvania  at  Norfolk.  Va.,  and  on 
the  St.  Mary's  of  the  Pacific  fleet,  1860-62; 
was  executive  officer  of  the  ITousalonic,  1862, 
and  participated  in  the  blockade  of  Charles 
ton,  S.C.  He  was  promoted  lieutenant-com 
mander,  July  16,  1862  ;  commanded  the  gunboat 
Kanawlia  of  the  Western  Gulf  squadron,  1862-63; 
and  had  an  engagement  with  riflemen  and  field- 
batteries  at  Mobile  Point  and  a  fight  with  Fort 
Morgan,  Oct.  12,  1863.  where  he  was  commended 
for  gallantry,  having  captured  six  schooners  and 
directed  the  capture  of  three  steamers.  He  com 
manded  the  monitor  Nahant  in  front  of  Charles 
ton,  S.C.,  from  July,  1864,  until  the  close  of  the 
war.  He  was  ordnance  officer  of  the  South 
Atlantic  blockading  fleet  and  commanded  the  Bay 
Point  depot,  1865-66  ;  was  promoted  commander, 
July  25,  1866  ;  served  on  navigation  duty  at  Bos 
ton,  Mass.,  1866-69,  and  commanded  the  Tnsca- 
rora  of  the  North  Atlantic  fleet  in  1870  ;  the  Con 
gress,  1870-71,  and  the  Omaha  on  the  North  Pacific 
station,  1872-74.  He  was  promoted  captain,  Dec. 
12, 1873  ;  commanded  the  Hartford  on  the  South 
Atlantic  station,  1877-79,  and  the  navy  yard  at 
Norfolk,  Va.,  1881-85.  He  was  promoted  com 
modore,  July  2,  1882,  and  was  retired  at  his  own 
request  after  forty  years'  service,  May  18,  1886. 
Because  of  his  loyalty  to  the  U.S.  government  in 
1861  he  was  declared  by  vote  of  the  Virginia  con 
vention  of  July,  1861,  an  alien  enemy,  and  ban 
ished  from  his  native  state.  He  died  in  Wash 
ington.  D.C.,  April  9,  1900. 

MAYO,  William  Starbuck,  author,  was  born 
in  Ogdensburg,  N.Y.,  April  20,  1812  ;  a  descend 
ant  of  the  Rev.  John  Mayo,  who  immigrated  tc 
New  England  in  1630  and  was  the  first  minister 
of  the  Second  church,  Boston,  1655.  He  attended 
Potsdam  academy  ;  was  graduated  at  the  College 
of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  in  New  York  city  in 
1833,  and  practised  medicine  in  Ogdensburg  for 
several  years,  but  was  forced  to  abandon  it  owing 


[421JJ 


ME A CHAM 


MEAD 


to  ill  health.  He  travelled  in  Spain  and  the  Bar- 
bary  states,  and  intended  to  penetrate  into  the 
interior  of  Africa,  but  found  his  project  imprac 
ticable.  On  his  return  he  settled  in  New  York 
city,  where  he  devoted  himself  to  literature.  He 
is  the  author  of  :  Flood  and  Field,  or  Tales  of  Bat 
tles  on  Sea  and  Land  (1844)  ;  Kalooluh,  or  Joitr- 
neyings  to  the  Djebel  Knmri(lS-i^)  ;  The  Berber,  or 
the  Mountaineer  of  the  At lax  (1850;  ;  Romance- 
Dust  front,  Historic  Places  (1851),  Never  Again 
(1870).  He  died  in  New  York  city,  Nov.  22.  1895. 

MEACHAM,  James,  representative,  was  born 
in  Rutland,  Vt,  Aug.  10,  1810.  He  was  left  an 
orphan  at  an  early  age  and  was  apprenticed  to  a 
cabinet-maker,  from  whom  he  was  released  and 
sent  to  school  by  a  neighbor.  He  was  graduated 
at  Middlelmry  college,  A.R,  18:52.  A.M..  1835  ; 
taught  in  the  seminary  at  Castleton,  Vt.,  1832-33, 
and  at  the  Academy  in  St.  Albans,  Vt.,  1833-34  ; 
attended  Andover  Theological  seminary,  1834- 
3(5;  was  a  tutor  at  Middlebury.  1830-38,  and  was 
ordained  to  the  Congregational  ministry,  May  29, 
1838.  He  was  pastor  at  New  Haven,  Vt.,  1838- 
4(5  ;  professor  of  rhetoric  and  English  literature 
at  Middlebitry  college.  184J5-50,  and  w.is  a  repre 
sentative  in  the  3tst,  32.1,  3  Maud  34th  congresses, 
1849-50.  He  served  as  chairman  of  the  committee 
on  the  District  of  Columbia,  and  was  prominent 
in  his  opposition  to  the  abrogation  of  the  Mis 
souri  compromise.  He  was  a  regent  of  the  Smith 
sonian  Institution,  and  a  trustee  of  Middleburv 
college.  H  >  died  in  Rutland,  Vt.,  Aug.  23.  1850. 

MEAD,  Charles  Marsh,  clergyman,  was  born 
in  Cornwall.  Vt..  Jan.  28,  1830  ;  son  of  Riifus  and 
Anna  (James)  Mead  ;  grandson  of  Rufus  Mead, 
and  a  descendant  of  John  Mead,  a  native  of 
England,  who  settled  in  Greenwich,  Conn.,  about 
1050.  He  was  graduated  at  Middleburv  college, 
Vt..  in  1850  ;  taught  at  Phillips  Andover  academy, 
1850-58,  and  was  a  tutor  at  Middlebury,  1859-00. 
He  was  graduated  at  Andover  Theological  semi 
nary  in  18(52  ;  was  professor  of  Hebrew  there,  1866- 
82  ;  studied  at  the  University  of  Halle,  1863-64, 
and  at  the  University  of  Berlin,  1864-06  ;  was  or 
dained  to  the  Congregational  ministry  in  1866. 
He  was  married,  Aug.  2,  1867.  to  Caroline, 
(laughter  of  Joseph  H.  and  Martha  S.  Thayer  of 
Boston,  Mass..  and  granddaughter  of  the  Rev. 
William  and  Lydia  (Haskins)  Greenough.  He 
was  in  Germany,  1882-88  ;  was  a  lecturer  in 
Princeton  Theological  seminary  in  1889,  and 
resided  in  Europe,  1889-92.  He  was  Riley  pro 
fessor  of  Christian  theology  at  Hartford  Theo 
logical  seminary,  1892-98,  when  he  resigned. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  American  committee 
which  co-operated  with  the  English  committee 
in  the  revision  of  the  Bible  as  published  in  1885, 
and  which  edited  the  American  recension  of  the 
revision  as  published  in  1901.  He  received  the 


degree  of  Ph.D.  from  the  University  of  Tubingen 
in  1866,  and  D.D.  from  Middlebury  college  in 
1881,  and  from  Princeton  university  in  1896.  He 
translated  Exodus  in  the  American  Lunge  Series 
(1876)  and  is  the  author  of  ;  The  Soul  Here  and 
Hereafter,  a  Biblical  Study  (1879)  ;  Supernatural 
Revelation  (1889)  ;  The  Romans  Dissected  (1891)  ; 
Christ  and  Criticism  (1893)  ;  and  numerous  theo 
logical  and  philosophical  essays. 

MEAD,  Edward  Campbell,  author,  was  born 
in  Newton,  Mass.,  Jan.  12,  1837  ;  son  of  the  Rev. 
Zachariah  and  Anna  Maria  (Hickman)  Mead ; 
grandson  of  Nancie  Binney  (Hull)  Hickman  , 
great-grandson  of  Gen.  William  Hull  (q.v.),  and 
a  direct  descendant  of  Dr.  John  Fuller,  who  was 
born  in  England  1620,  landed  in  Plymouth  bay, 
1635,  and  settled  at  Cambridge  village  (now  New 
ton)  in  1644.  He  attended  Ridegway  academy, 
Albemarle  county,  Va..  1856  ;  made  a  voyage  to 
Australia  and  the  East  Indies,  1858-59,  and  set 
tled  in  Richmond  and  engaged  in  business  in 
1860.  He  was  married,  in  1861,  to  Emily  Au 
gusta,  daughter  of  Henry  A.  and  Mary  C.  (Ros- 
siter)  Burgoyne.  In  1862  failing  health  caused 
his  retirement  from  business  life,  and  removing  to 
Albemarle  county,  Va.,  he  took  up  farming  and 
devoted  himself  to  literary  pursuits.  He  is 
author  of  :  Genealogical  History  of  Lee  Family 
of  Virginia  and  Man/land  (1866)  ;  Biographical 
Sketch  of  Anna  If.  Chalmers  (1893)  ;  and  Historic 
Homes  of  the  Southwest  Mountains  of  Virginia 
(1899^  seq.). 

MEAD,  Edward  Spencer,  author,  was  born  in 
Brooklyn,  N.Y..  Jan.  10,  1847  ;  son  of  Enoch 
Milan  and  Elizabeth  (Hoe)  Mead  ;  grandson  of 
Solomon  and  Eunice  (Gilbert)  Mead,  and  a  de 
scendant  of  William  Mead:  who  came  to  Massachu 
setts  from  England,  1630.  His  parents  died  when 
he  was  an  infant  and  he  was  taken  into  the 
family  of  his  uncle,  Robert  Hoe.  He  was  grad 
uated  at  Yale,  A.B.,  1868,  A.M.,  1871.  In  1870 he 
entered  into  partnership  with  Frank  H.  Dodd,  as 
Dodd  &  Mead,  in  the  publishing  business  estab 
lished  by  Moses  W.  Dodd,  father  of  the  senior 
partner.  In  1876,  on  the  admission  of  another 
partner,  the  firm  became  Dodd.  Mead  &  Co.  Mr. 
Mead  had  charge  of  the  literary  department  of 
the  business.  He  was  married,  May  4,  1870,  to 
Susan,  daughter  of  the  Rev.  Dr.  John  S.  C. 
Abbott  (q.v.).  He  was  a  trustee  of  the  Metro 
politan  Museum  of  Art,  and  a  member  of  the 
Century  association  and  of  the  University  and 
Tuxedo  clubs.  He  translated  several  foreign 
books  into  English  for  publication  and  wrote,  un 
der  the  pen-name  "  Richard  Markham  *'  :  Colonial 
Days  (1879).  and  A  Narrative  History  of  King 
Philip's  War  and  the  Indian  Troidues  in  Eng 
land  (1883).  He  died  at  Southampton,  Long 
Island,  N.Y.,  Jan.  10,  1894. 


[1271 


MEAD 


MEAD 


MEAD,  Edwin  Doak,  editor,  was  born  in 
Chesterfield,  N.  H.,Sept.  29,  1849  :  son  of  Bradley 
and  Sarah  (Stone)  Mead  ;  grandson  of  Levi 
and  Betsey  (Converse)  Mead,  and  a  descendant 
of  Gabriel  Mead,  who  came  from  England  to 
Manchester,  Mass.,  about  1635.  He  was  educated 
in  the  public  schools  of  Chesterfield  and  was 
employed  on  his  father's  farm  and  in  the  village 
store  until  1866,  when  he  removed  to  Boston, 
Mass.,  and  was  in  the  employ  of  Ticknor  & 
Fields,  1866-75.  He  was  a  candidate  for  orders 
in  the  Protestant  Episcopal  church  in  1874,  but  he 
never  entered  the  ministry.  He  studied  in  the 
universities  of  Cambridge  and  Leipzig,  1875-79, 
and  on  his  return  to  Boston  engaged  in  lectur 
ing  and  literary  work.  From  1883  he  directed  the 
Old  South  work  in  Boston,  devoted  to  historical 
and  political  teaching  and  study,  editing  in  con 
nection  the  Old  South  Leaflets  :  and  he  was  editor 
of  the  New  England  Magazine,  1889-1901.  He  was 
for  many  years  president  of  the  Massachusetts  So 
ciety  for  Promoting  Good  Citizenship,  was  the  first 
secretary  of  the  Boston  Municipal  League  and 
first  president  of  the  Twentieth  Century  club  of 
Boston.  He  was  married,  Sept.  29,  1898,  to 
Lucia  True,  daughter  of  Nathan  P.  and  Elvira 
Ames,  of  Boscawen,  N.H.  In  1901,  with  his  wife, 
he  visited  Europe,  where  he  represented  the 
United  States  in  the  Prison  Reform  congress. 
He  contributed  to  magazines  and  newspapers  on 
religious  and  political  subjects,  edited  Faith  and 
Freedom,  by  Stopford  A.  Brooke  (1881),  and 
is  the  author  of  :  The  Philosophy  of  Carlijle 
(1881);  Martin  Luther,  a  Study  of  Reformation 
(1884);  and  The  Roman  Catholic  Church  and  the 
Public  School*  (1889). 

MEAD,  Elizabeth  Storrs  (Billings),  educator, 
was  born  in  Con  way,  Mass.,  May  21,  1832  ;  daugh 
ter  of  Colonel  Charles  Eugene  and  Sarah  Willis- 
ton  (Storrs)  Billings  ; 
a  granddaughter  of 
William  and  Jerusha 
(Williams)  Billings, 
and  a  descendant  of 
Roger  Billings,  who 
settled  at  Dorches 
ter,  Mass.,  previous 
to  1640.  She  was 
educated  with  her 
twin  sister  in  the 
seminary  at  Ipswich, 
Mass.,  1849-51  :  taught 
the  high  school  at 
Northampton,  Mass., 
in  1851-52,  and  taught 
in  a  boarding  school 

for  young  ladies  at  Andover,  Mass.,  under  the 
direction  of  her  sister,  Jerusha  Williams,  wife  of 
Prof.  B.  B.  Edwards,  of  Andover  Theological 


seminary,  1852-58.  She  was  married,  Aug.  5, 
1858,  to  Prof.  Hiram  Mead,  D.D.,  of  Cornwall, 
Vt,,  and  resided  with  him  in  South  Hadley, 
Mass.,  where  he  was  pastor,  1858-67  ;  in  Nashua, 
N.H.,  1867-69,  and  Oberlin,  in  Ohio,  1869-81. 
After  the  death  of  Dr.  Mead  in  1881,  she  was  a 
teacher  at  Oberlin  college,  1881-83,  and  at  Abbott 
academy,  Andover,  Mass.,  1883-89.  She  travelled 
in  Europe,  1889-90,  became  president  of  Mt.  Hoi- 
yoke  seminary  and  college  in  1890 ;  and  was 
president  of  Mt.  Holyoke  college,  1863-1901.  She 
resigned  in  June,  1899,  to  take  effect  in  June, 
1900,  feeling  the  need  of  relief  from  hard  work, 
but  by  request  of  trustees  remained  until  Janu 
ary,  1901.  She  visited  Europe  in  1901,  where 
she  prepared  reports  for  the  U.S.  commissioner 
of  education  on  women's  education  in  England. 
She  received  the  degree  of  M.A.  from  Oberlin 
college  in  1870  and  that  of  L.H.D.  from  Smith 
college  in  1900. 

MEAD,  Larkin  Goldsmith,  sculptor,  was  born 
in  Chesterfield,  N.H..  Jan.  3,  1835  :  son  of  Larkin 
Goldsmith  and  Mary  Jane  (Noyes)  Mead  ;  grand 
son  of  Levi  and  Betsey  (Converse)  Mead  and  of 
the  Hon.  John  Noyes.  of  Putney,  Vt.  His  parents, 
removed  to  Brattle- 
boro,  Vt,,  in  1839, 
where  his  father  was 
a  prominent  lawyer. 
Larkin  was  educated 
in  the  public  schools 
and  was  employed  as 
a  clerk  in  a  hardware 
store  in  Brattleboro 
in  1850.  His  artistic 
abilities  were  first 
brought  prominently 
to  light  by  his  model 
ing  of  a  colossal  figure 
of  an  angel,  in  snow, 
a  newspaper  account 
of  which  attracted 

the  attention  of  Nicholas  Longworth  of  Cincin 
nati,  who  provided  for  his  art  education.  He  stud 
ied  under  Henry  Kirke  Brown  in  Brooklyn.  N.Y., 
1853-55,  and  in  the  latter  year  established  a  studio 
in  New  York  city.  He  produced  the  "  Recording 
Angel  "(1855) ;  the  colossal  statue  of  "  Vermont" 
on  the  dome  of  the  state  house  at  Montpelier,  Vt. 
(1857),  and  the  statue  of  Ethan  Allen  at  the  en 
trance  to  the  state  house  ( 1861).  He  was  with  the 
Army  of  the  Potomac  in  1861,  and  contributed  to 
New  York  papers  illustrated  articles  on  cam])  and 
battle  scenes.  He  went  to  Florence.  Italy,  in 
1862,  where  he  became  professor  of  sculpture  in 
the  Academy  of  Fine  Arts.  He  was  also  attached 
to  the  U.S.  consulate  at  Venice,  where  his 
brother-in-law,  William  Dean  Howells.  was  con 
sul.  1862-65.  He  was  married  in  1864  to  Marietta 


[428] 


MEAD 


MEADE 


di  Benvenuti.  His  works  include  :  statuettes: 
Echo  ;  Sappho;  Venice,  the  Bride  of  the  Sea; 
•Joseph  the  Shepherd,  and  The  Mountain  Boy; 
and  larger  and  more  elaborate  works  :  The 
Returned  Soldier  (I860);  Colurnbus's  Last  Apjteal 
to  Queen  Isabella  (1868);  America,  for  the  Sol 
diers'  monument  at  St.  Johns  bury,  Vt.  ;  Ethan 
Allen,  for  Vermont  in  the  National  Statuary  hall, 
Washington,  B.C.  ;  Abraham  Lincoln,  for  the 
President's  monument  in  Springfield,  111.  (1874), 
and  five  colossal  groups  entitled  :  Cavalry,  In 
fantry,  Artillery,  Navy,  and  The  Mississippi  ; 
and  the  pediment  sixty  feet  long  representing 
The,  Return  of  Proserpine  from  the  Realms  of 
Pluto,  which  was  placed  over  the  main  entrance 
to  the  Agricultural  building  at  the  World's 
Columbian  exposition.  Chicago,  1893. 

MEAD,  Lucia  True  (Ames),  author,  was  born 
in  Boscowen,  N.H.,  May  5,  1856;  daughter  of 
Nathan  Plummer  and  Elvira  (Coffin)  Ames; 
granddaughter  of  Capt.  Joseph  and  Hannah 
Ames  of  Boscowen,  N.H.,  and  a  descendant  of 
Tristram  Coffin  the  immigrant.  At  an  early  age 
she  was  taken  by  her  parents  to  Batavia,  111., 
where  she  remained  until  1870.  She  then  went 
to  Boston,  Mass.,  where  she  engaged  in  study  and 
as  a  teacher  of  the  pianoforte.  She  became  active 
in  the  cause  of  various  reforms,  including  woman 
suffrage,  conducted  adult  classes  in  Nineteenth 
Century  thought,  and  acquired  a  reputation  as 
a  writer  and  lecturer  on  social,  economic  and 
literary  topics.  She  was  married,  Sept.  29, 
1898.  to  Edwin  Doak  Mead  (q.v.),  and  in  1901 
made  an  extended  tour  with  her  husband  in  the 
old  world.  She  is  the  author  of  :  Great  Thoughts 
for  Little  Thinkers  (1890) ;  Memoirs  of  a  Million 
aire  (1890);  To  Whom  Much  Is  Given  (1898);  .1 
Handful  of  Silver  (1898),  and  numerous  contri 
butions  to  periodical  literature. 

MEAD,  William  Leon  (-'Leon  Mend"),  author, 
was  born  in  Margaretville,  N.Y..  April  27,  1861; 
son  of  Cyrus  and  Margaret  Emlyii  (O'Connor) 
Mead  :  grandson  of  William  and  Jane  (Faulkner) 
O'Connor,  and  of  Levi  and  Hettie  (Keaton) 
Mead,  and  a  descendant  from  either  Joseph  or 
William  Mead,  two  brothers,  who  came  from 
England  early  in  the  17th  century  and  settled  in 
Greenwich,  Conn.  He  attended  the  district 
schools,  Port  Edward  Collegiate  institute.  1876- 
77,  and  Bishop's  Select  School  for  Boys  atPough- 
keepsie,  N.Y.;  and  was  a  special  student  in  liter 
ature  and  philosophy  at  Boston  university. 
1881-82.  He  travelled  and  studied  in  Germany 
and  France,  and  was  travelling  correspondent  in 
the  west  for  the  Boston  Post  in  1882.  He  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  Society  of  American 
Authors  ;  was  associate  editor  of  Truth  ;  editor 
of  Tom  Nast's  Weekly  and  of  the  Forum  magazine, 
and  is  the  author  of;  Sky  Rockets  (1883);  In 


Thraldom,  a  Psychological  Romance  (1887);  Cath 
erine's  Coquetries  (1893):  Valentine  (1892);  The 
Bow-Legged  Ghost  and  Other  Stories  (1899);  Wild 
Cat  Ledge  (1901).  His  verse  includes:  Sky  Rock 
ets  (1883)  and  OH  Nature's  Reeds  (1901).  He 
contributed  largely  to  the  newspapers  and  lead 
ing  magazines  ;  is  the  author  of  three  plays,  and 
had  in  press  in  1901  a  volume  on  Word-Coinage, 
which  cost  him  three  years  of  research. 

MEAD,  William  Rutherford,  architect,  was 
born  in  Brattleboro,  Vt..  Aug.  20,  1846;  son 
of  Larkin  Goldsmith  and  Mary  Jane  (Noyes) 
Mead.  He  was  educated  in  the  schools  of  Brat 
tleboro  and  was  graduated  at  Amherst  in  1867. 
He  studied  architecture  with  Russell  Sturgis,  Jr., 
of  New  York  city,  1808-71,  and  then  went  to 
Europe  and  pursued  the  study  of  his  profession 
in  Florence,  Italy,  until  1873,  when  he  returned 
to  the  United  States.  He  became  a  member  of 
the  firm  of  McKim.  Mead  &  White,  architects  in 
New  York  city,  in  1875.  This  firm  were  the 
architects  of  Columbia  university,  New  York 
university,  the  University  of  Virginia,  the  Bos 
ton  public  library,  the  Metropolitan  club,  Uni 
versity  club  and  Century  association  buildings, 
the  private  residences  of  Henry  Villard,  H.  M. 
Twombly,  Frederic  W.  Vanderbilt  and  L.  C.  Tif 
fany,  the  office  buildings  of  the  New  York  Life 
Insurance  company  at  New  York,  Kansas  City 
and  Omaha  ;  the  New  York  Herald  building, 
Madison  Square  Garden.  Rhode  Island  capitol 
building,  the  Agriculture  and  New  York  state 
buildings  at  the  World's  Columbian  Exposition  at 
Chicago  in  1893  and  many  other  important  build 
ings.  Mr.  Mead  was  married,  Nov.  13,  1883,  to 
Olga,  daughter  of  Prof.  Moritz  Kileny,  of  Buda 
pest,  Hungary. 

MEADE,  George  Gordon,  soldier,  was  born  in 
Cadiz,  Spain,  Dec.  31,  1815  ;  son  of  Richard  Wor- 
sam  and  Margaret  Coates  (Butler)  Meade.  and 
grandson  of  George  Meade  and  of  Anthony  But 
ler,  of  Perth  Amboy,  N.  J.  He  attended  a  board 
ing  school  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.;  a  school  in  Wash 
ington  kept  by  Salmon  P.  Chase,  and  Mt.  Hope 
institute  near  Baltimore,  Md.  He  was  graduated 
from  the  U.S.  Military  academy  in  1835  as  brevet 
2d  lieutenant,  was  assigned  to  the  3d  artil 
lery,  and  was  promoted  2d  lieutenant,  Dec. 
31,  1835.  He  served  in  the  Seminole  war,  1835- 
36,  and  on  ordnance  duty  in  1836.  He  resigned 
from  the  army,  Oct.  26,  1836,  and  was  assistant 
engineer  in  the  construction  of  the  Alabama, 
Florida  and  Georgia  railroad,  1836-37  ;  surveyed 
the  boundary  line  between  the  United  States  and 
Texas  for  the  U.S.  government  in  1837  ;  was  prin 
cipal  assistant  engineer  to  Capt.  Andrew  Talcott 
in  a  survey  of  the  mouths  of  the  Mississippi  for 
the  improvement  of  navigation,  1837-39,  and  was 
civil  assistant  on  the  survey  of  the  northeastern 


boundary  between  the  British  territory  and  the 
United  States,  1840-42.  lie  was  married  to  Mar- 
garetta,  daughter  of  John  Sergeant.  He  was 
reappointed  in  the  U.S.  army  with  the  rank  of 
2d  lieutenant  of  topographical  engineers,  May  19, 

1842,  and  engaged  in 
the  designing  and 
constructing  of  light 
houses  at  Philadel 
phia,  Pa..  1848-43.  At 
the  outbreak  of  the 
war  with  Mexico  he 
was  ordered  to  Texas 
and  arrived  at  Corpus 
Christi.Srpt.  14,  1845. 
He  was  in  military 
occupation  of  Texas, 
1845-46.  and  partici 
pated  in  the  battles  of 
Palo  Alto  and  Resaca 
de  la  Palnia  :  was  bre- 
vetted  1st  lieutenant 

for  Monterey,  and  served  in  the  siege  of  Vera 
Cruz,  May  9-39,  1847.  Upon  his  return  to  Phila 
delphia  he  resumed  his  work  upon  river  and 
harbor  improvements.  He  served  in  Florida 
under  General  Taylor  for  six  months  ;  returned 
to  the  duty  of  erecting  lighthouses  in  Delaware 
Bay  and  on  the  Florida  coast,  and  in  constructing 
the  Delaware  breakwater.  He  was  promoted  1st 
lieutenant  of  topographical  engineers  in  August, 
1851,  and  captain,  May  19,  1856.  He  was  ordered 
to  Detroit,  Mich.,  upon  the  geodetic  survey  of  the 
Ore  it  Lakes  in  1856,  and  soon  afterward  took 
entire  charge  of  the  Northern  Lakes'  surveys, 
1857-61.  He  was  commissioned  brigadier-general 
of  volunteers,  Aug.  31,  1861,  and  commanded 
the  2d  brigade  of  Pennsylvania  reserve  corps  on 
the  right  of  the  lines  before  Washington,  D.C., 
1861-62,  participating  in  the  action  of  Dranes- 
ville,  Va.,  Dec.  20,  1861.  He  served  in  the  Vir 
ginia  Peninsula  campaign  in  June,  1862  ;  was 
promoted  major  of  topographical  engineers.  June 
18,  1862,  and  participated  in  the  battles  of  Me- 
chanicsville,  Gaines's  Mill  and  Glendale,  where  lie 
was  severely  wounded.  He  was  on  sick  leave  of 
absence  through  July  and  August.  1862,  and  on 
his  recovery  he  rejoined  the  army  in  the  North 
ern  Virginia  campaign  and  commanded  the  1st 
brigade  of  Reynolds's  division,  3d  army  corps, 
Army  of  Virginia,  under  Gen.  John  Pope  at  the 
battle  of  Manassas,  Aug.  29-30,  1862.  He  was  in 
command  of  the  3d  division.  1st  army  corps, 
Army  of  the  Potomac,  under  General  McClellan 
in  the  Maryland  campaign,  and  participated  in 
the  battles  of  South  Mountain  and  Antietam. 
and  upon  the  temporary  incapacity  of  General 
Hooker  from  a  wound  lie  was  placed  in  command 
of  the  1st  army  corps  by  General  McClellan  and 


had  a  horse  shot  under  him  while  leading  the 
corps.  He  was  promoted  major-general  of  U.S. 
volunteers,  Nov.  29,  1862  ;  commanded  the  3d 
division,  1st  army  corps,  left  grand  division 
of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  at  Fredericksburg, 
where  he  distinguished  himself  by  breaking  the 
enemy's  line  and  gaining  the  ground  occupied  by 
the  Confederate  reserves.  In  this  exploit  he 
had  two  horses  shot  under  him.  He  was  in  com 
mand  of  the  5th  Army  corps  in  the  Chancel- 
lorsville  campaign.  He  was  given  command 
of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac.  June  28,  1863, 
and  directed  the  battle  of  Gettysburg,  July 
1-3,  1863,  defeating  General  Lee's  army,  for 
which  he  received  the  thanks  of  congress.  J;m. 
28,  1866,  and  was  promoted  brigadier-general, 
U.S.A..  July  3.  1863.  He  pursued  the  Confeder 
ate  arm\r  to  Warrenton,  Va.:  commanded  the 
Army  of  the  Potomac  in  the  Rapidan  cam 
paign.  1863-64.  and  in  the  Richmond  campaign 
1864-65,  and  was  promoted  major-general,  U.S.A., 


Aug.  18,  1864.  After  the  surrender  of  Gen 
eral  Lee  at  Appomattox,  April  9.  1865.  he  was 
put  in  command  of  the  military  division  of 
the  Atlantic  and  served  till  1866,  when  he  was 
transferred  to  the  military  department  of  the 
Atlantic  with  headquarters  at  Philadelphia.  He 
was  president  of  the  board  to  make  recommenda 
tions  for  brevets  to  the  grade  of  general  officers 
in  March,  1866,  and  of  the  board  of  select  depots 
for  army  clothing  in  New  York  city  in  March, 
1867.  On  Jan. -6,  1868,  he  took  command  of  the 
third  military  district  with  headquarters  at 
Atlanta,  Ga..  and  superintended  the  formation  of 
state  governments  in  Georgia,  Alabama  and 
Florida,  after  which  service  he  returned  to  the 
command  of  the  military  division  of  the  Atlan 
tic.  The  honorary  degree  of  LL.D.  was  conferred 
on  him  by  Harvard  in  1865.  He  was  a  fellow 
of  the  American  Academy  of  Arts  and  Sciences, 
a  member  of  the  American  Philosophical  society, 
the  Pennsylvania  Philosophical  society  and  the 
Philadelphia  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences,  and  a 
commissioner  of  Fairmount  Park.  An  eques 
trian  statue  of  General  Meade  designed  by  Milne 
Calden  was  dedicated  at  Fairmount  Park.  Oct. 
18.  1887,  and  the  Pennsylvania  Monument  com 
mission  erected  an  equestrian  statue  of  him, 
executed  by  Mr.  Bush-Brown,  nephew  and 
adopted  son  of  J.  K.  Brown  the  sculptor,  on  the 
field  of  Gettysburg.  The  advancement  of  his 
1430] 


ME  A  HE 


MEADE 


junior.  General  Sheridan,  to  the  office  of  lieu 
tenant-general  was  a  severe  blow  to  the  military 
pride  of  General  Meade.  His  son,  John  Sergeant 
(1841-1865),  was  a  contributor  to  current  literature, 
and  another  son,  George  (1843-1897),  was  a  private 
in  the  8th  Pennsylvania  regiment,  1861-63,  was 
promoted  captain  and  aide-de-camp  on  his 
father's  staff,  and  served  in  that  capacity  until 
the  close  of  the  war,  when  he  returned  to  his 
regiment  and  resigned  in  1874,  and  was  a  broker 
and  president  of  the  Philadelphia  club.  General 
Meade  died  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Nov.  6,  1872. 

MEADE,  Richard  Kidder,  soldier,  was  born  in 
Nansemond  county,  Va.,  July  14,  1746;  son  of 
David  and  Susannah  (Everard)  Meade.  His  first 
ancestor  in  America,  Andrew  Meade,  a  Roman 
Catholic,  emigrated  from  Ireland  to  London, 
England,  and  thence  to  New  York,  where  he 
married  Mary  Latham,  a  Quakeress,  of  Flushing, 
Long  Island.  N.Y.,  and  subsequently  removed  to 
Nansemond  county,  Va.,  where  he  became  a 
representative  in  the  house  of  burgesses,  judge 
of  the  county  and  colonel  of  the  militia.  Richard. 
Kidder  Meade  attended  school  at  Harrow,  Eng 
land,  and  soon  after  his  return  to  Virginia 
entered  the  patriot  army.  On  June  24,  1775, 
with  several  others,  lie  removed  the  arms  from 
Lord  Dunmore's  house  to  the  magazine  in  Wil- 
liamsburg.  He  was  in  command  of  a  company 
at  the  battle  of  Great  Bridge  near  Norfolk,  Va., 
in  December,  1775,  and  served  throughout  the 
remainder  of  the  war  as  aide-de-camp  to  General 
"Washington,  participating  in  all  of  his  impor 
tant  battles.  He  superintended  the  execution  of 
Major  Andre,  and  at  the  close  of  the  war  he  re 
turned  to  Virginia  and  engaged  in  farming.  He 
was  twice  married,  first  in  1760  to  Elizabeth 
Randolph,  and  secondly  in  1780  to  Jane,  the  widow 
of  William  Randolph  of  Chatsworth.  He  died  in 
Frederick  county,  Va..  in  February,  1805. 

MEADE,  Richard  Kidder,  representative,  was 
born  in  Frederick  county,  Va.,  in  1795  ;  son  of 
Richard  Kidder  and  Jane  Randolph  Meade.  He 
received  a  good  education,  and  practised  law 
in  Petersburg,  Va.  He  was  a  Democratic  repre 
sentative  in  the  30th,  .31st  and  32d  congresses, 
1847-53  ;  declined  the  appointment  of  charge 
d'affaires  at  Sardinia,  offered  by  President  Pierce 
in  1853  ;  was  U.S.  minister  to  Brazil,  by  appoint 
ment  of  President  Buchanan,  1856-61,  and  at  the 
outbreak  of  the  civil  war  lie  returned  to  Virginia 
and  devoted  himself  to  the  cause  of  the  Confeder 
acy.  .His  son,  Richard  Kidder,  3d  lieutenant, 
U.S.A.,  in  the  artillery  service,  was  one  of  the 
eight  officers  under  Maj.  Robert  Anderson  that 
surrendered  at  Fort  Sumter.  and  after  reaching 
New  York,  he  went  to  Virginia,  joined  the  Con 
federate  army  and  died  soon  after.  Richard  Kid 
der,  Sr.,  died  in  Petersburg,  Va.,  April  20,  1862. 


MEADE,  Richard  Worsam,  naval  officer,  was 
born  in  Cadiz,  Spain,  in  1807  ;  son  of  Richard 
Worsam  (1778-1828)  and  Margaret  Coates  (But 
ler)  Meade,  and  grandson  of  George  Meade.  He 
entered  the  U.S.  navy  as  a  midshipman,  April 
1,  1826:  was  promoted  passed  midshipman.  June 
14,  1834  ;  lieutenant,  Dec.  20,  1837  ;  commander, 
Sept.  14,  1855,  and  captain,  July  16,  1862.  He 
commanded  the  receiving  ship  North  Carolina, 
1861-64.  and  in  1864  the  steam  sloop  San  Jaciiito, 
which  was  wrecked  on  the  Florida  reefs.  He 
was  retired  from  active  service  with  the  rank  of 
commodore,  Dec.  11,  1867,  and  settled  in  New 
York  city,  where  he  died,  April  16,  1870. 

MEADE,  Richard  Worsam,  naval  officer,  was 
born  in  New  York  city,  Oct.  9,  1837  ;  son  of  Com. 
Richard  Worsam  Meade.  He  was  appointed  a 
midshipman  in  the  U.S.  navy,  Oct.  2,  1850  ;  was 
graduated  from  the  U.S.  Naval  academy  in  185'6  ; 
was  commissioned  lieutenant  in  April,  1857,  and 
was  promoted  lieutenant,  Jan.  23,  1858.  He  was 
stricken  with  fever  at  Acapulco,  Mex.,  in  1861  ; 
was  invalided  and  arrived  in  New  York  city  in 
August,  1861 ,  and  was 
detached  on  the  re 
ceiving  ship  Ohio  as 
instructor  in  gunnery 
practice.  He  was 
promoted  lieutenant- 
commander,  July  17, 
1862  ;  commanded 
the  Louisville  of  the 
Mississippi  flotilla  ; 
was  disabled  and  sent 
east  in  January,  1863; 
commanded  the  Uni 
ted  States  in  pur- 
suit  of  the  privateer 
Tacony  in  the  sum- 
mer  of  1863.  and 

commanded  the  Marblehead  during  the  opera 
tions  against  Charleston,  S.C.,  1863-64.  He  was 
recommended  for  advancement  by  Admirals  Por 
ter  and  Dahlgren.  He  command  the  boat  CJi o- 
ctira  of  the  west  gulf  blockading  squadron, 
1864-65,  and  on  Jan.  22,  1865,  he  cut  out  and 
destroyed  the  Confederate  blockade  runner  Del- 
pliina  in  Calcasieu  river,  La.  He  was  head  of 
the  department  of  seamanship  and  naval  tactics 
at  the  Naval  academy,  1865-68.  He  was  married 
in  June,  1865,  to  Rebecca,  daughter  of  Rear-Ad 
miral  Paulding,  U.S.N.  He  commanded  the  Sa- 
ginaw  in  Alaska,  1868-69,  and  was  promoted 
commodore,  Sept.  20,  1868.  He  was  detailed  in 
1870  to  fit  out  the  yacht  America  and  sail  her  in 
a  race  against  the  English  yacht  Cambria.  The 
race  was  sailed  under  his  command  on  Aug.  8, 
1870,  the  America  winning  by  over  four  miles. 
He  commanded  the  Narragansett  on  cruise  of 


[431] 


MEAGHER 


431  days  in  the  Pacific  ocean,  1871-73.  He  was 
inspector  of  ordnance  at  the  Brooklyn  navy-yard, 
1873-76  ;  was  president  of  a  board  to  revise  ord 
nance  instructions  ;  commanded  the  Vandalia  in 
the  West  India  station  ;  was  promoted  captain, 
March  13,  1880  ;  served  as  second  in  command 
at  the  Brooklyn  navy-yard,  1883-84  ;  was  presi 
dent  of  the  inventory  board  in  1885,  and  com 
mandant  at  the  Washington  navy-yard,  1887-90. 
He  was  naval  representative  of  the  U.S.  govern 
ment  at  the  World's  Columbian  exposition  at 
Chicago,  111.,  1890-94 ;  was  in  command  of  the 
North  Atlantic  squadron,  1894-95,  and  was  retired 
at  his  own  request,  May  9,  1895,  with  the  rank 
of  rear-admiral.  He  contributed  to  the  leading 
magazines,  and  is  the  author  of  works  on  boat 
exercise  and  naval  construction.  He  died  in 
Washington,  D.C.,  May  4,  1897. 

MEADE,  William,  third  bishop  of  Virginia,  and 
22d  in  succession  in  the  American  episcopate, 
was  born  near  Millwood,  Va.,  Nov.  11,  1789  ;  son 
of  Richard  Kidder  and  Jane  Randolph  Meade. 
He  was  graduated  from  the  College  of  New  Jer 
sey,  A.B..  1808,  A.M., 
1811  ;  was  ordered 
deacon,  Feb.  24,  1811, 
and  ordained  priest, 
Jan.  10,  1814.  He 
was  assistant  to  the 
Rev.  Alexander  Bal- 
maine  in  Millwood 
in  1811  ;  rector  of 
Christ  church,  Alex 
andria,  Va.,  1811-13, 
and  was  rector  at 
Millwood,  as  success 
or  to  Mr.  Balmaine, 
1821-29.  He  was  ac 
tive  in  procuring  the 
election  of  Dr.  Rich 
ard  C.Moore  as  bishop  of  Virginia.  In  1827  he 
caused  his  name  to  be  withdrawn  as  a  possible  can 
didate  for  assistant  bishop  of  Pennsylvania.  In 
1829  lie  vvas  elected  assistant  bishop  of  Virginia, 
and  was  consecrated  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Aug.  19, 
1829,  by  Bishops  White.  Hobart,  Griswold,  Moore, 
Croes,  Brownell,  and  Onderdonk.  He  served  as 
pastor  of  Christ  church,  Norfolk,  Va.,  1834-36, 
and  upon  the  death  of  Bishop  Moore,  Nov.  11, 

1841,  he  succeeded  as  bishop  of  Virginia,  and  to 
the  presidency  of  the  Theological   seminary  at 
Alexandria,  Va.     He  was  given  an  assistant  in 
the  person  of  the  Rev.  John  Johns,  D.D.,  Oct.  13, 

1842.  He  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Evangel 
ical  Knowledge   society  in  1847.     He  opposed  se 
cession,   and  in   1861   made  many  efforts  to  save 
Virginia   from   participating    in   the   civil    war. 
The  honorary   degree  of  D.D.  was   conferred  on 
him  by  the  College  of  William  and  Mary  in  1827. 

[432] 


He  published  an  American  edition  of  the  works 
of  the  Rev.  William  Goode,  and  is  the  author 
of:  Family  Prayers  (1834);  Pastoral  Letters  on 
the  Duty  of  Affording  Religions  Instruction  to 
Those  in  Bondage  (1834);  Life  of  Rev.  Deve.reitx 
Jarratt  by  Himself,  Abridged  by  Bishoj)  Meade 
(1840);  Companion  to  the  Font  and  Pulpit  (1846); 
Lectures  on  the  Pastoral  Office  (1849) ;  Reasons  for 
Loving  the.  Episcopal  Church  (1852) ;  Old  Churches, 
Ministers  and  Families  of  Virginia  (1857);  The 
Bible  and  the  Classics  (1861).  He  died  in  Rich 
mond,  Va..  March  14,  1862. 

MEAGHER,  Thomas  Francis,  soldier,  was 
born  in  Waterford,  Ireland,  Aug.  3,  1823.  His 
father,  a  merchant  of  wealth,  was  a  member  of 
the  British  parliament  for  several  years.  Thomas 
attended  the  Jesuit  college  at  Clongowes,  Kil- 
dare,  1832-38,  and  Stonyhurst  college,  near  Pres 
ton,  England,  1838-43.  He  joined  the  Irish 
patriots  and  was  a  speaker  at  the  national  meet 
ing  at  Kilkenny,  and  in  1846  he  was  one  of  the 
leaders  of  the  revolutionary  Young  Ireland  party. 
He  went  to  Paris  in  1848,  as  a  representative  of 
the  Irish  confederation,  to  address  the  provisional 
government  of  France,  and  on  his  return  lie  pre 
sented  to  the  citizens  of  Dublin  an  Irish  tricolor, 
and  made  it  the  occasion  for  delivering  an  in 
cendiary  speech.  He  was  arrested  on  the  charge 
of  sedition,  March  21,  1848,  and  was  bailed,  but 
after  the  passage  of  the  treason  felony  act  he  was 
rearrested  and  sentenced  to  death.  The  sentence 
was  subsequently  commuted  to  banishment  for 
life,  and  he  was  taken  to  Van  Diemen's  Land  on 
July  9,  1849.  He  escaped  in  1852  and  came  to 
the  United  States.  He  studied  law,  was  admit 
ted  to  the  bar  in  1856.  and  practised  in  New 
York  city,  1856-61.  He  organized  a  company  of 
zouaves  in  1861,  and  joined  the  69th  New  York 
volunteers,  commanded  by  Michael  Corcoran. 
He  took  part  in  the  battle  of  Bull  Run.  where  his 
horse  was  shot  under  him,  July  21,  1861,  while 
serving  as  major  of  his  regiment,  and  after  three 
months'  service  he  returned  to  New  York  with 
the  regiment.  He  recruited  the  Irish  brigade  in 
the  winter  of  1861-62,  and  was  elected  colonel  of 
the  1st  regiment.  He  was  commissioned  briga 
dier-general,  Feb.  3,  1862,  and  assumed  command 
of  the  brigade.  He  was  present  at  the  battles  of 
Seven  Pines,  Gaines's  Mill,  Malvern  Hill,  Savage's 
Station,  Frayser's  Farm,  Second  Bull  Run,  Au- 
tietam,  where  his  horse  was  shot  under  him.  and 
Chancellorsville.  At  Marye's  Heights  the  Irish 
brigade,  led  by  General  Meagher,  reached  the 
stone  wall,  but  was  repulsed,  and  at  Chancellors 
ville  he  commanded  a  division  until  carried  from 
the  field  wounded.  On  the  reorganization  of 
the  army  no  command  was  offered  him  and  he 
resigned  his  commission  and  returned  to  New 
York.  He  was  reappointed  brigadier-general  of 


MEANS 


MEDARY 


volunteers  early  in  1864,  and  commanded  the 
district  of  E  to  wall,  Ga.  In  January.  1805,  lie 
was  ordered  to  Savannah,  where  he  was  mustered 
out  of  service.  He  was  appointed  territorial 
secretary  of  Montana,  and  served  as  governor 
pro  tempore  during  the  absence  of  Gov.  Sidney 
Egerton,  and  while  attempting  to  frustrate  an 
attack  by  the  Indians  on  the  white  settlers  he 
fell  into  the  Missouri  river  from  the  deck  of  a 
steamboat,  and  his  body  was  not  recovered.  A 
petrified  body  supposed  to  be  his  was  reported  to 
have  been  discovered  in  the  river  near  Fort  Ben- 
ton  in  1899.  He  is  the  author  of:  Speeches  on 
the  Legislative  Independence  of  Ireland  (1852). 
He  died  near  Fort  Benton,  Mont.,  July  1,  1867. 

MEANS,  Alexander,  educator,  was  born  in 
Statesville,  N.C.,  Feb.  6,  1801.  He  attended  the 
academy  in  Statesville,  1815-19 ;  taught  school, 
1820-25  ;  attended  medical  lectures  at  Transyl 
vania  university,  Lexington,  Ky.,  and  practised 
medicine  in  Putnam  county,  and  at  Covington, 
Ga.,  until  1833.  He  was  licensed  as  a  Methodist 
preacher  in  1828  ;  was  principal  of  the  Georgia 
Conference  Manual  Labor 
school  at  Covington,  1834- 
38  ;  attended  Jefferson  Medi- 
I  cal  college,  Philadelphia,  18- 
1 38-39  ;  was  professor  of  phys 
ics  in  Emory  college,  Ga. , 
1838-55  and  1865-83;  profes 
sor  of  chemistry  and  phar 
macy  in  Georgia  Medical  college,  Augusta,  1840- 
59  ;  president  of  the  Masonic  Female  college,  Cov 
ington.  Ga.,  1853-54,  and  of  Emory  college,  1854- 
55.  He  was  also  professor  of  chemistry  in  Atlanta 
Medical  college,  1855-67.  As  a  member  of  the 
Georgia  secession  convention  of  1861,  he  voted 
against  secession,  but  he  remained  loyal  to  the 
south  during  the  civil  war.  He  was  agricultural 
chemist  for  Georgia,  with  headquarters  at  Sav 
annah,  1868-77.  He  received  the  honorary  de 
grees  :  M.D.  from  the  Augusta  Medical  college, 
1841  ;  D.D.  from  Emory,  1854,  and  LL.D.  from 
Emory,  1858.  He  contributed  papers  to  periodi 
cals,  and  is  the  author  of  the  Centennial  of  Chem 
istry  and  A  Cluster  of  Poems  for  the  Home  and 
Heart.  He  died  in  Oxford,  Ga.,  June  5,  1883. 

MEANS,  John  Hugh,  governor  of  South  Caro 
lina,  was  born  at  Hampton,  Fairfield  district,  S.C., 
Aug.  18,  1812,  son  of  Thomas  and  Sarah  Means. 
His  father,  a  planter,  was  a  native  of  Boston, 
Mass.  John  Hugh  Means  was  graduated  at 
South  Carolina  college  in  1882,  and  during  the 
nullification  excitement  in  1832-33  he  became  well 
known  as  an  advocate  of  state  rights.  He  was 
married,  Jan.  23,  1833,  to  Sallie.  daughter  of 
Robert  Stark  of  Columbia,  S.C.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  the  South  Carolina  legislature  for 
several  terms,  was  governor  of  Soutli  Carolina. 


1850-52,  and  during  his  administration  strength 
ened  the  state  militia  and  advocated  secession. 
As  president  of  the  state  convention  of  1852,  he 
declared  the  state  had  a  right  to  secede  and  gov 
ern  itself  independently.  He  was  a  delegate  to 
the  South  Carolina  convention  of  1860,  and  in 
1861  entered  the  Confederate  army  as  colonel  of 
the  17th  South  Carolina  regiment.  He  took  a 
prominent  part  in  the  early  movements  of  the 
civil  war,  and  was  attached  to  Evans's  independ 
ent  brigade,  Kemper's  division,  in  the  battle  of 
Manassas,  where  he  was  mortally  wounded.  He 
died  at  Manassas,  Va.,  Aug.  28,  1862. 

MEARS,  John  William,  metaphysician,  was 
born  in  Reading,  Pa.,  Aug.  10, 1825  ;  son  of  Henry 
Haller  and  Ann  Barbara  (Birkinbine)  Mears ; 
grandson  of  William  and  Elizabeth  (Haller) 
Mears  and  a  descendant  of  William  Mears  born 
in  England,  1710,  who  settled  in  Georgia  with 
Oglethorpe's  expedition  about  1735.  He  was 
graduated  at  Delaware  college,  Newark,  Del., 
B.A.,  in  1844,  and  at  the  New  Haven  Divinity 
school  in  1851.  He  was  pastor  of  Presbyterian 
churches  in  New  Jersey,  Maryland  and  Delaware, 
1851-60  ;  was  assistant  editor  and  subsequently 
editor  and  proprietor  of  the  American  Presbyte 
rian,  Philadelphia,  1860-70,  which  was  absorbed 
by  the  New  York  Evangelist,  and  professor  of 
ethics  and  metaphysics  at  Hamilton  college, 
Clinton,  N.Y.,  1871-81.  He  was  president  of  the 
New  York  State  Teachers'  association  in  1878,  and 
chairman  of  the  convocation  of  the  University  of 
the  State  of  New  York,  at  Albany,  that  year. 
He  invited  metaphysicians  to  meet  at  Saratoga  in 
the  summer  of  1881,  to  celebrate  the  centennial 
of  the  publication  of  Kant's  "Critique  of  Pure 
Reason,''  and  made  a  notable  address.  He  was  a 
candidate  for  representative  in  the  46th  congress 
in  1878,  and  for  governor  of  New  York  in  1879  on 
the  Prohibition  ticket.  He  was  a  prominent  re 
former,  and  after  several  years'  agitation  suc 
ceeded  in  breaking  up  the  Oneida  community  of 
free-lovers,  established  in  1848  by  John  Humphrey 
Noyes.  He  received  the  degree  D.D.  in  1870. 
He  is  the  author  of  :  The  Bible  in  the  Workshop 
(1857) ;  The  Martyrs  of  France  (1860) ;  The  Beggars 
of  Holland  (1867);  The  Story  of  Madagascar 
(1873):  The  Heroes  of  Bohemia  (1879);  From 
Exile  to  Overthroiv  (1881).  He  died  in  Clinton, 
N.Y.,  Nov.  10,  1881. 

MEDARY,  Samuel,  territorial  governor,  was 
born  in  Montgomery  Square,  Pa.,  Feb.  25, 1891  ;  son 
of  Jacob  Medary ,  a  farmer.  He  was  brought  up  as 
a  Quaker  and  taught  a  Friends'  school  when  eigh 
teen  years  old,  and  wrote  both  prose  and  verse  for 
the  N  orristown  Herald.  He  removed  to  Montgom 
ery  county,  Md.,with  his  parents  in  1820.  and  about 
1823  to  Georgetown,  D.C.  He  settled  in  Batavia, 
Ohio,  in  1825,  where  he  was  county  surveyor, 


[433] 


MEUILL 


MKD1LL 


school  trustee,  and  county  auditor.  In  1828  he 
established  the  Ohio  Sun.  in  which  he  supported 
Jackson  for  the  Presidency.  He  represented 
Clermont  county  in  the  Ohio  legislature  in 
1834-33,  and  was  a  member  of  the  state  senate, 
1835-3?  ;  purchased  and  edited  the  Western  Hem 
isphere,  Columbus,  Ohio,  changed  its  name  to 
the  Ohio  Statesman,  and  conducted  it,  1837-57,  as 
the  leading  Democratic  newspaper  of  the  state. 
In  it  he  supported  all  the  measures  of  President 
Jackson  and  Senator  Douglas.  He  was  chairman 
of  the  Ohio  delegation  to  the  Democratic  na 
tional  convention  at  Baltimore,  Md.,  May  27, 
1844,  and  in  accordance  with  the  request  of  Pres 
ident  Jackson,  in  the  event  of  discord,  presented 
the  name  of  James  K.  Polk  as  the  Democratic 
nominee  for  President.  He  was  state  printer  for 
many  years,  declined  the  appointment  of  U.S. 
minister  to  Chili,  tendered  him  by  President 
Pierce  in  1853,  and  was  temporary  chairman  of 
the  Democratic  national  convention  of  1856, 
where  lie  strongly  supported  the  nomination  of 
Stephen  A.  Douglas.  He  was  appointed  governor 
of  Minnesota  Territory  by  President  Buchanan, 
serving  1857-58,  was  postmaster  of  Columbus  in 
1858,  and  governor  of  Kansas  Territory,  1858-59, 
as  successor  to  James  W.  Denver.  He  estab 
lished  the  Crisis  in  1860,  and  edited  it  until  his 
death.  He  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Ohio 
State  Agricultural  Fair,  and  served  as.  the  first 
treasurer  and  as  president  of  the  organization  for 
several  terms.  He  aided  Samuel  F.  B.  Morse  in 
promoting  the  electric  telegraph,  and  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  board  of  visitors  to  the  U.S.  Military 
academy.  A  monument  was  erected  to  his  mem 
ory  in  Columbus,  Ohio,  in  1869.  He  died  in  Co 
lumbus,  Ohio,  Nov.  7,  1864. 

MEDILL,  Joseph,  journalist,  was  born  on  St. 
John  river  within  the  disputed  territory  at  that 
time  claimed  by  Maine,  but  afterward  ceded  to 
New  Brunswick,  April  6, 1823  ;  son  of  William  and 
Margaret  Medill,  who  came  from  Scotland.  He 
removed  to  Massillon,  Stark  county,  Ohio,  with 
his  parents  in  1832,  attended  the  district  schools, 
and  worked  on  his  father's  farm.  He  studied 
under  a  clergyman  at  Canton,  Ohio,  and  was 
graduated  at  Massillon  academy  in  1843.  He  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1846,  practised  law  at  New 
Philadelphia,  Ohio,  and  in  1849  entered  the  news 
paper  field.  He  published  the  Republican,  a 
Free  Soil  paper,  at  Coshocton,  Ohio,  1849-51, 
and  established  the  Forest  City  at  Cleveland, 
Ohio,  in  1851,  as  a  Whig  organ.  In  1853  the  Forest 
City  was  united  with  the  Free  Democrat  and  was 
named  the  Cleveland  Leader.  He  agitated  the 
subject  of  forming  a  new  national  party  in  1853, 
and  in  1854  assisted  in  organizing  the  Republican 
party  in  Cleveland.  He  sold  his  interest  in  the 
Lender  to  Edwin  Cowles,  and  in  January,  1855, 


removed  to  Chicago,  III.,  where  with  John  C. 
Vaughan,  former  proprietor  of  the  Free  Democrat, 
and  Mr.  Ray,  of  Galena,  111.,  he  purchased  the 
Chicago  Tribune,  assumed  the  business  and  edi 
torial  management,  advocated  radical  measures 
against  slavery  and 
made  the  paper  a 
success.  He  support 
ed  Lincoln's  nomina 
tion  and  election  in 
1860,  and  urged  the 
issuance  of  the  eman 
cipation  proclama 
tion.  He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Illinois 
constitutional  con 
vention  in  1870 :  a 
member  of  the  civil- 
service  commission  in 
1871 ;  supported  Hor- 
ace  Greeley  for  Presi- 
dent  in  1872  and  fav 
ored  tariff  reform.  He  was  mayor  of  Chicago 
from  January,  1872,  to  September,  1873,  when  he 
resigned  on  account  of  impaired  health.  He 
travelled  in  Europe,  1873-74;  purchased  a  con 
trolling  interest  from  the  owners  and  publishers 
of  the  Chicago  Tribune  in  1874, became  its  editor- 
in-chief  and  reorganized  it  as  the  Tribune 
Publishing  company.  His  stock  in  the  com 
pany  was  valued  at  §2,500,000  and  he  had  also 
$2,000,000  in  bonds  and  realty  in  1899.  He  died 
at  San  Antonio,  Texas,  March  16,  1899. 

MEDILL,  William,  governor  of  Ohio,  was  born 
in  Newcastle  county,  Del.,  in  1805.  He  was  grad 
uated  at  Delaware  college  in  1825,  studied  law  in 
his  native  state,  and  removed  to  Lancaster,  Ohio, 
in  1820.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1832  and 
practised  in  Lancaster.  He  was  a  representative 
in  the  state  legislature,  1835-37,  being  speaker  of 
the  house,  1836-37,  and  was  a  Democratic  repre 
sentative  from  the  ninth  Ohio  district  in  the  26th 
and  27th  congresses,  1839-43.  He  was  appointed 
first  assistant  postmaster-general  by  President 
Polk  in  1845,  and  a  few  months  later  was  made 
commissioner  of  Indian  affairs,  with  headquar 
ters  at  Washington,  and  served  from  October. 
1845,  to  May,  1850.  He  was  chairman  of  the 
Ohio  constitutional  convention  in  1850  :  the  first 
lieutenant-governor  of  the  state,  1852-53  ;  acting 
governor,  1853-54,  as  successor  to  Governor 
Reuben  Wood,  who  resigned  in  July,  1853.  and 
governor  of  the  state  of  Ohio  by  election.  1854- 
56.  He  was  defeated  for  re-election  as  governor 
by  Salmon  P.  Chase  in  1855,  and  was  first  comp 
troller  of  the  U.S.  treasury  by  appointment  of 
President  Buchanan  from  March  26,  1857,  to  April 
10.  1861.  He  never  married.  He  died  in  Lan 
caster,  Ohio.  Sept.  2,  1865. 


[434] 


MEEK 


MEECH,  Ezra,  representative,  was  born  in 
New  London,  Conn..  July  26,  1773.  He  removed 
to  Hinesburgli,  Vt.,  with  his  parents  in  1785, 
attended  the  district  school,  and  was  a  hunter 
and  trapper.  He  engaged  in  the  fur  trade,  and 
became  associated  with  John  Jacob  Astor.  He 
opened  a  store  at  Charlotte  Four  Corners,  Vt.,  in 
1795;  conducted  a  farm  and  store  in  Shelburne, 
Vt.,  and  was  agent  of  the  Northwest  Fur  com 
pany  for  several  years  from  1806.  During  the 
war  of  1813  he  supplied  the  U.S.  government 
and  army  with  provisions,  and  at  its  close  re 
turned  to  the  lumber  business  in  Canada.  He 
also  cultivated  a  farm  of  3,000  acres,  and  was  at 
the  time  of  his  death  one  of  the  largest  land 
owners  in  Vermont.  He  was  a  representative  in 
the  Vermont  legislature  in  1805  and  1807  ;  a  rep 
resentative  from  Vermont  in  the  16th  congress, 
1819-21,  and  in  the  19th  congress,  1825-27.  He 
was  a  delegate  to  the  Vermont  constitutional 
conventions  of  1822  and  1826  ;  chief-justice  of 
Crittenden  county,  1822-23  and  was  a  presiden 
tial  elector  on  the  Harrison  and  Tyler  ticket  in 
1841.  He  was  married,  in  1800,  to  Mary  McNiel, 
and  after  her  death,  to  Mrs.  L.  C.  Clark.  He 
died  in  Shelburne.  Vt.,  Sept.  23,  1856. 

MEEHAN,  Thomas,  botanist  and  horticult 
urist,  was  born  at  Potter's  Bar.  Middlesex,  Eng 
land,  March  21,  1826.  Graduating  at  New 
Gardens,  lie  came  to  Philadelphia  in  1848,  under 
an  engagement  with  Robert  Buist.  a  famous 
nurseryman,  to  take  charge  of  his  new  establish 
ment  at  Rosedale.  He  had  charge  of  the  cele 
brated  Bartram  gardens  and  Springbrook,  1848- 
53,  and  in  1853  started  his  botanical  nursery  in 
Germantown.  He  was  honorary  professor  of 
botany  in  many  societies,  including  the  Pennsyl 
vania  Horticultural  society  and  the  state  board 
of  agriculture  of  Pennsylvania.  He  was  elected 
vice-president  of  the  Academy  of  Natural  Sci 
ences  of  Philadelphia  in  1877,  and  held  the  office 
for  several  years  ;  was  a  director  of  the  public 
schools  of  Philadelphia,  1878-1901,  and  a  member 
of  the  common  council  of  that  city,  1883-1901. 
He  edited  the  Gardener's  Monthly,  1859-90,  was 
on  the  editorial  staff  of  the  Philadelphia  Forney's 
Press,  1865-81,  and  a  regular  editorial  contributor 
to  the  science  department  of  the  New  York  In 
dependent,  1859-89.  In  botany  the  genus  Mee- 
hania  was  named  in  his  honor.  His  contribu 
tions  to  vegetable  biology  form  a  valuable  addi 
tion  to  science  and  the  issue  of  the  "  Index  of 
the  Royal  Society  of  London  "  in  1883  gives  the 
titles  of  121  of  his  more  important  papers,  a  not 
able  discovery  being  the  law  that  the  female  sex 
in  flowers  is  determined  in  the  early  embryonic 
stage  by  a  higher  degree  of  life  energy.  He  is 
the  author  of:  Ifandbook  of  Ornamental  Trees 
(1853);  Flowers  and  Ferny  of  the  United  States 


(1878),  which  was  continued  in  successive  series' 
by  Thomas  Meehaivs  sons  as  Median's  Monthly, 
and  the  botanical  articles  in  the  Cyclopaedia 
Americana.  He  married,  in  1852,  Catharine 
Emma,  daughter  of  William  and  Mary  (Gaul) 
Colflesh  of  Philadelphia.  His  eldest  son,  "Will 
iam  Edward  Meehan,  of  the  editorial  staff  of  the 
Philadelphia  Ledger,  was  a  volunteer  on  the 
original  Peary  research  party  to  Greenland  and, 
three  other  sons  succeeded  their  father  in  business. 
lie  died  in  Germantewn,  Pa.,  Nov.  19,  1901. 

MEEK,  Alexander  Beaufort,  jurist,  was  born 
in  Columbia,  S.C.,  July  17,  1814  ;  so7i  of  the  Rev. 
Samuel  and  -  -  (McDowell)  Meek.  His 

father  was  a  physician,  as  well  as  a  Methodist 
clergyman,  and  removed  his  family  to  Tusca 
loosa,  Ala.,  when  Alexander  was  a  boy.  He  was 
graduated  at  the  University  of  Alabama,  A.B. , 
1833,  A.M.,  1836;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1835,  and  practised  in  Tuscaloosa.  He  served  in 
the  Florida  war  in  1836,  and  was  appointed  at 
torney-general  of  Alabama  by  Governor  Clay  in 
1836  to  fill  a  vacancy,  and  served  one  year  ;  was 
editor  of  the  Flag  of  the  Union,  Tuscaloosa,  1835- 
39,  and  of  the  Southron,  a  literary  magazine,  1839- 
42.  He  was  judge  of  the  probate  court  of  Tusca 
loosa  county,  1842  ;  assistant  secretary  of  the 
U.S.  treasury,  1845-47,  and  U.S.  attorney  for 
the  southern  district  of  Alabama,  1847-49.  He 
was  an  associate  editor  of  the  Mobile  Daily  Reg 
ister,  1851-58  ;  represented  Mobile  in  the  Alabama 
general  assembly,  1853-55,  and  as  chairman  of 
the  committee  on  education  secured  the  estab 
lishment  of  a  system  of  free  public  schools  in  the 
state.  He  was  judge  of  the  probate  court  of 
Mobile,  1854-55 ;  a  presidential  elector  on  the 
Buchanan  and  Breckinridge  ticket  in  1856,  and  a 
representative  in  the  general  assembly  and 
speaker  of  the  house,  1859-61.  He  was  married,, 
first,  to  the  widow  of  Hope  Hull  Slatter  of  Mobile, 
and  secondly,  to  Miss  Cannon  of  Columbus,  Miss., 
to  which  place  he  removed  and  devoted  himself  to- 
literature.  He  received  the  honorary  degree  of 
A.M.  from  the  University  of  Georgia  in  1884.  and 
was  a  trustee  of  the  University  of  Alabama,  1862- 
64.  He  prepared  a  supplement  to  Aiken's  "  Digest 
of  Alabama  "  in  1842,  and  is  the  author  of  :  Red 
Eagle  (1855);  Songs  and  Poems  of  the  Southron 
(1857);  Romantic  Passages  in  Southwestern  His 
tory  (1857),  and  an  unfinished  History  of  Ala 
bama.  He  died  in  Columbus,  Miss.,  Nov.  30, 1865. 

MEEK,  Fielding  Bradford,  paleontologist,  was 
born  in  Madison,  Ind.,  Dec.  10.  1817.  His  father, 
a  lawyer,  died  in  1820.  His  paternal  ancestors 
were  Presbyterians,  who  came  from  county 
Armagh,  Ireland,  to  America  in  1768,  and  settled 
in  Hamilton  county,  Ohio.  He  attended  the  pub 
lic  schools,  and  became  clerk  in  a  store,  first  in 
Madison,  and  afterward  in  Owensboro,  Ky.,  and 

[435] 


MEEK1SON 


ME1GS 


while  laboring  for  his  support,  continued  his 
studies,  making  a  specialty  of  natural  history. 
He  assisted  Dr.  D.  D.  Owen  on  the  geological  sur 
vey  of  Iowa,  Wisconsin  and  Minnesota,  1848-49, 
and  Prof.  James  Hall,  in  the  paleontological  work 
of  New  York  state  at  Albany,  1852-58.  During 
the  summer  of  1853  he  was  engaged  with  Dr.  F. 
V.  Haydeii  in  exploring  and  collecting  fossils, 
and  he  spent  two  summers  on  the  geological  sur 
vey  of  Missouri.  He  was  connected  with  the 
Smithsonian  Institution,  Washington,  D.C.,  1858- 
76.  He  devoted  himself  to  investigating  and  re 
porting  on  the  organic  remains  gathered  by  the 
government  exploring  expeditions,  and  when  Dr. 
Haydeii  organized  the  geological  survey  of  the 
Rocky  Mountain  region,  Mr.  Meek  was  entrusted 
with  the  invertebrate  paleontology.  He  also  in 
vestigated  the  paleontology  of  Illinois,  Ohio,  Cali 
fornia  and  other  territories.  He  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  National  Academy  of  Science  in 
1870.  and  of  several  scientific  societies,  to  the  pro 
ceedings  of  which  he  contributed,  and  also  to  vari 
ous  state  and  national  geological  reports.  He  pub 
lished  through  the  Smithsonian  Institution  with 
Ferdinand  V.  Haydeii :  Paleontology  of  the.  Upper 
Missouri  (1865);  Check  List  of  the  Invertebrate 
Fossils  of  North  America  (1864);  and  Report  on 
the  Invertebrate  Cretaceous  and  Tertiary  Fossils 
of  the  Upper  Missouri  Country  (1876)  ;  and  with 
Professor  Hall,  Cretaceous  Fossils  from  Nebraska 
(1856).  He  died  in  Washington,  D.C.,  Dec.  21,1876. 

MEEKISON,  David,  representative,  was  born 
in  Dundee,  Scotland,  Nov.  14,  1849.  He  came  to 
America  with  his  parents  in  1855,  and  settled  at 
Napoleon,  Ohio,  where  he  attended  the  public 
schools,  learned  the  printer's  trade  and  finally 
studied  law,  being  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1873. 
He  held  several  local  offices,  was  county  prose- 
outing  attorney,  probate  judge.  1881-88,  and  in 
1886  established  the  Meekison  bank  at  Napoleon. 
He  was  mayor  of  Napoleon,  1890-97,  and  a  Demo 
cratic  representative  in  the  55th  and  56th  con 
gresses,  1897-1901,  and  after  the  expiration  of  his 
term  was  made  president  of  the  First  National 
bank  at  Napoleon. 

MEES,  Arthur,  musical  director,  was  born  in 
Columbus.  Ohio,  Feb.  13,  1850  :  son  of  the  Rev. 
Konrad  and  Eliza  (Adams)  Mees.  After  having 
been  graduated  from  Concordia  college,  Fort 
Wayne.  Ind.,  he  devoted  himself  to  music.  He 
studied  under  Theodore  C.  F.  Weitzmann  and 
Heinrich  Dorn  at  Berlin  and  later  at  Leipzig.  He 
was  married.  Jan.  28.  1897,  to  Susan  Marguerite 
Howell,  of  Alfred,  N.Y.  He  was  conductor  of  the 
Cincinnati  May  Festival  chorus  ;  assistant  con 
ductor  of  the  American  opera  :  assistant  con. 
ductor  of  the  Chicago  orchestra  :  and  in  1901 
was  conductor  of  the  Albany  Musical  associa 
tion,  the  New  York  Mendelssohn  Glee  club,  the 

[436] 


Orange  Mendelssohn  Union  and  other  choral  or 
ganizations.  He  is  the  author  of  :  Chorus  and 
Choral  Music,  and  wrote  annotated  programs  for 
the  New  York  Philharmonic  society,  1887-96.  and 
for  the  Chicago  orchestra,  seasons  of  1896-97  and 
1897-98.  In  1901  the  honorary  degree  of  Dr.  Mus. 
was  conferred  on  him  by  the  University  of 
Alfred,  N.Y. 

MEES,  Carl  Leo,  educator,  was  born  in  Col 
umbus,  Ohio,  May  20,  1853 ;  son  of  the  Rev. 
Konrad  and  Eliza  (Adams)  Mees.  His  father 
came  to  the  United  States  from  Germany  in 
1845.  Carl  was  prepared  for  college  at  Columbus, 
Ohio  ;  was  assistant  chemist 
in  the  Ohio  geological  sur 
vey,  1871-74 ;  a  student  in 
Ohio  State  university,  1875; 
graduated  from  the  Starling 
Medical  college,  M.D.,  1876, 
and  took  a  postgraduate 
course  at  the  universities  of 
Berlin  and  South  Kensington.  He  was  professor 
of  science  at  the  Louisville,  Ky.,  high  school, 
1876-80 ;  professor  of  physics  and  chemistry  at 
the  Ohio  university,  1881-87  ;  and  was  elected 
professor  of  physics  at  Rose  Polytechnic  institute, 
Terre  Haute,  Ind.,  in  1887,  and  president  in  1895. 
He  was  made  a  member  of  the  American  Associa 
tion  for  the  Advancement  of  Science  in  1876  ;  the 
American  Physical  society  ;  the  National  Geo 
graphic  asssociation  ;  the  Society  for  the  Advance 
ment  of  Engineering  Education,  the  Academy  of 
Science,  and  other  scientific  societies.  The  de 
gree  of  Ph.D.  was  conferred  on  him  by  Rose 
Polytechnic  institute  in  1892. 

MEIQS,  Josiah,  educator,  was  born  in  Middle- 
town,  Conn.,  Aug.  21,  1757  ;  son  of  Return  and 
Elizabeth  (Hamlin),  grandson  of  Janna  and  Han 
nah  (Willard),  great-grandson  of  John  and  Sarah 
(Wilcox).  great2-grandson  of  John  and  Tamzin 
(Fry),  and  great3-grandson  of  Vincent  Meigs, 
who  came  from  England  to  America  with  his  sons 
John  and  Mark  about  1640,  was  at  New  Haven, 
Conn.,  as  early  as  1644,  and  settled  at  Milford, 
Conn.,  in  1650.  Josiah  was  graduated  from 
Yale,  A.B.,  1778,  A.M.,  1781.  and  was  tutor  there, 
1781-84.  He  was  married  Jan.  21,  1782,  to  Clara, 
daughter  of  Col.  John  Benjamin,  and  had  nine 
children.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1783, 
and  in  1784  with  Daniel  Bowen  and  Kleuthe- 
ros  Dana,  established  the  New  Haven  Gazette, 
and  was  city  clerk,  1784-89.  He  removed  to 
Bermuda,  where,  while  attempting  to  defend  the 
owners  of  vessels  belonging  to  the  United  States 
that  had  been  captured  by  British  privateers, 
he  was  accused  of  treason,  but  was  acquitted 
on  trial,  and  in  1794  returned  to  the  United 
States.  He  was  professor  of  mathemathics 
and  natural  philosophy  at  Yale  college,  1794- 


MEIGS 


MEIGS 


1801,  and  first  president  of  Franklin  college 
(University  of  Georgia),  1801-11.  The  insti 
tution  at  first  had  no  building  and  held  its  ses 
sions  under  an  oak  tree,  and  in  1803  built  its  first 
college  building.  The  college  was  not  properly 
supported,  although  he  graduated  about  fifty 
students  and  part  of  the  term  had  two  assistant 
instructors.  Upon  his  resignation  in  1811  the 
college  exercises  were  suspended  for  one  year  on 
account  of  lack  of  funds.  He  was  U.S.  surveyor- 
general.  1812-14,  and  commissioner  of  the  gen 
eral  land  office  at  Washington,  B.C.,  1814-22. 
He  was  president  of  a  school  of  classical  culture, 
science  and  philosophy  in  Washington,  B.C., 
1819-21,  and  when  the  institution  procured  a 
charter  from  congress  in  1821  as  the  Columbian 
college,  lie  was  named  as  one  of  the  thirteen 
constituent  trustees  and  was  professor  of  exper 
imental  philosophy  there.  1821-22.  He  died  in 
Washington,  B.C.fSept,  4.  1822. 

MEIGS,  Montgomery  Cunningham,  soldier, 
was  born  in  Augusta.  Ga.,  May  3,  1816;  son  of 
Charles  Belucena and  Mary  (Montgomery)  Meigs, 
and  grandson  of  Josiah  Meigs  (q.v.).  He  at 
tended  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1831-32, 

and  was  graduated 
from  the  U.S.  Mili 
tary  academy  in  1836, 
and  assigned  to  the 
artillery.  He  was 
transferred  to  the 
corps  of  engineers  as 
brevet  2d  lieutenant, 
Nov.  1,  1836,  but  was 
reverted  to  his  origi 
nal  appointment  as 
2d  lieutenant  in  the 
1st  artillery,  Bee.  31, 

1836.  He  was  engag 
ed    on  surveys  of  the 
Upper    Mississippi  in 

1837,  and     011    July 

1,    1837,  was    again  transferred  to  the  engineer 
corps  as    brevet   2d   lieutenant,    and     was    pro 
moted  1st  lieutenant,    July  7,  1838.     He   was  a 
member  of  the  board  of  engineers  for  Atlantic 
Coast  defences,  1839-41,  and  was  superintending 
engineer  of   the   building   of   Forts   Belaware  in 
1841,  Wayne,  1841-46,  Porter  and  Ontario.  1846- 
49,  and  Montgomery,  1850-52.     He   planned  and 
constructed  the  aqueduct  on  the  Potomac  river 
from    Great  Falls.    Mel..,    to   Washington,    B.C., 
1852-60;  was  promoted    captain,    March  3,  1853; 
engineered  the  extension  of  the  capitol  at  Wash 
ington,   1853-59.  the  extension  of  the  U.S.  post- 
office  building,  1855-59,  the  repairs  on  Fort  Madi 
son,  Md.,  1854-60,  and  the  erection  of  Fort  Jeffer 
son,  Tortugas,  Fla..  1860-61.     He  was  appointed 
chief     engineer     to    organize    and    conduct    an 


1437J 


expedition  for  the  relief  of  Fort  Pickens,  Fla., 
April  13-22,  1861  ;  was  promoted  colonel  of  the 
llth  infantry,  May  14,  1861,  and  was  commis 
sioned  brigadiei -general  of  staff  and  quarter 
master-general,  May  15,  1861.  He  was  present  at 
the  battle  of  Bull  Run,  July  21,  1861  ;  wasa com 
missioner  to  plan  the  defences  of  Washington, 
B.C.,  in  October,  1862;  and  was  on  commissary 
duties,  1862-64.  He  was  engaged  in  the  Chatta 
nooga  campaign,  November,  1863  ;  commanded 
General  Grant's  base  of  supplies  at  Belle  Plain  and 
Fredericksburg,  Va.,  May  16-18,  1864;  and  was 
sent  on  a  special  mission  to  Bermuda  Hun 
dred,  Va..  May  21-26,  1864.  He  was  brevetted 
major-general,  July  5,  1864,  for  services  dur 
ing  the  war  and  commanded  a  brigade  of  quar 
termasters'  employes,  forming  a  division  in  the 
defence  of  Washington,  B.C.,  July  11-14,  1864. 
He  was  stationed  at  Savannah,  Ga.,  Jan.  5-29, 1865, 
equipping  General  Sherman's  armies  until  the 
close  of  the  war.  He  was  stationed  in  Washing- 
ington  until  1867,  when  he  was  given  leave  of 
absence  and  travelled  in  Europe  for  his  health, 
1867-68.  He  was  again  in  Europe,  1875-76,  to 
examine  the  organization  of  the  European  armies 
as  a  member  of  the  commission  for  reform  and  re 
organization  of  the  army.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  board  to  prepare  plans  and  specifications  for 
the  new  war  department  building  in  1866  ;  for 
the  National  Museum  in  1876  ;  the  hall  of  records 
in  1878,  and  was  architect  of  the  building  for  the 
pension  bureau.  He  was  retired  from  the  army, 
Feb.  6,  1882.  He  was  a  member  of  the  board 
of  regents  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution.  Wash 
ington,  B.C.,  and  a  member  of  the  National 
Academy  of  Sciences.  He  was  married  to  Louisa, 
daughter  of  Commodore  John  Rodgers,  U.S.N. 
He  bequeathed  many  valuable  curios,  medals 
and  coins  to  the  U.S.  government  to  be  deposited 
in  the  National  Museum.  He  died  in  Washing 
ton.  B.C..  Jan.  2,  1892, 

MEIGS,  Return  Jonathan,  patriot,  was  born 
in  Middletown,  Conn.,  Bee.  17,  1740  ;  son  of  Re 
turn  and  Elizabeth  (Hamlin)  Meigs,  and  grandson 
of  Janna  and  Hannah  (Willard)  Meigs.  He 
commanded  a  company  of  militia  in  1775,  and  on 
learning  of  the  battle  at  Lexington,  marched 
with  his  company  to  Boston,  where  he  joined  the 
patriot  army.  He  was  assigned  to  Benedict 
Arnold's  command  ;  was  promoted  major  and 
served  during  the  expedition  to  Canada  and  in 
the  attack  on  Quebec,  where  he  was  taken  pris 
oner.  In  1776  he  returned  to  Connecticut  and 
recruited  a  regiment  of  which  he  was  made 
colonel  in  1777.  On  May  23.  1777,  he  transported 
his  force  of  230  men  from  Guilford  across  Long 
Island  Sound  to  Sag  Harbor  in  twenty-five  hours, 
eluded  the  British  fleet,  assaulted  the  British 
garrison  at  Sag  Harbor,  and  captured  nearly  100 


MEIGS 


MEIKLEJOHN 


prisoners  and  secured  a  large  quantity  of  forage 
and  arms  without  losing  a  single  man.  For  his 
exploit  congress  voted  him  a  sword.  He  served 
under  Gen.  Anthony  Wayne  during  the  attack 
on  Stony  Point,  and  was  in  active  service  until 


MARI  ETTA-lzas 

the  close  of  the  war.  He  joined  the  Ohio  com 
pany  under  General  Putnam,  and  in  July,  1788, 
reached  Marietta  and  helped  to  establish  the 
northwestern  Territory.  Marietta,  however,  was 
never  formally  recognized  as  the  seat  of  govern 
ment.  In  1801  lie  was  appointed  Indian  agent 
for  the  Cherokees  and  removed  to  Georgia.  He  was 
twice  married,  first  on  Feb.  14,  1704,  to  Joanna 
Winborn,  and  secondly  on  Dec.  22,  1774,  to 
Grace  Starr.  He  is  the  author  of  :  A  Journal 
of  the  Expedition  to  Quebec  (18G4).  He  died  at 
Cherokee  agency,  Hiawassee  Ga.,  Jan.  28,  1823. 
MEIGS,  Return  Jonathan,  cabinet  officer,  was 
born  in  Middletown,  Conn.,  Nov.  16,  1704;  son  of 
Return  Jonathan  and  Joanna  (Winborn)  Meigs. 
He  was  graduated  from  Yale  college  in  1785, 
.studied  law,  and  in  1788  he  accompanied  his 
father  to  the  lands  of  the  Ohio  company  and 
located  at  Marietta,  where  he  engaged  in  the 
practice  of  law  and  aided  in  the  formation  of  the 
first  territorial  government.  He  was  a  territorial 
judge  in  1802-03  ;  and  when  the  state  govern 
ment  was  formed,  Feb.  19,  1803,  he  was  ap 
pointed  chief-justice  of  the  supreme  court,  serv 
ing  1803-04.  He  was  brevetted  colonel  in  the 
U.S.  army  anil  commanded  the  St.  Charles  dis 
trict  in  Louisiana,  1804-06.  He  was  judge  of  the 
supreme  court  of  Louisiana.  1805-06,  and  judge 
of  the  U.S.  district  court  of  the  newly  formed 
territory  of  Michigan,  1807-08.  He  was  elected 
governor  of  Ohio  in  1807.  but  declared  ineligible  ; 
was  elected  to  the  U.S.  senate  to  fill  the  unex- 
pired  term  of  John  Smith,  who  resigned  in  1809, 
and  was  re-elected  for  a  full  senatorial  term,  but 
resigned  in  1810,  in  order  to  accept  the  governor 
ship  of  Ohio,  to  which  he  had  been  a  second 
time  elected.  He  filled  the  office,  1810-14,  and 
during  the  war  of  1812-15  he  aided  materially  in 


organizing  and  recruiting  troops  and  in  garri 
soning  the  exposed  outposts  of  Ohio.  He  was 
appointed  postmaster-general  by  President  Mad 
ison  in  1814.  and  re-appointed  by  President 
Monroe,  serving  until  December,  1823,  when  he 
resigned  and  withdrew  from  public  life.  He  was 
an  original  corporator  of  the  Columbian  college, 
Washington,  D.C.,  Feb.  9.  1821,  and  a  trustee, 
1821-24.  He  married  Sophia  Wright.  He  died  at 
Marietta,  Ohio.  March  29,  1824. 

MEIQS,  Return  Jonathan,  lawyer,  was  born  in 
Clark  county.  Ky.,  April  14,  1801;  son  of  John 
and  Parthenia  (Clendenin)  Meigs,  and  grandson 
of  Col.  Return  Jonathan  and  Joanna  (Winborn) 
Meigs.  He  studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1822.  He  visited  his  grandfather  at  Hia 
wassee  garrison,  Ga.,  in  1S22.  a  short  time  before 
his  death,  and  remained  there  to  administer  his 
estate.  He  married  Nov.  1,  1823,  Sally  Keyes, 
daughter  of  John  Love.  He  was  agent  to  the 
Cherokee  and  Creek  Indians,  1834-41  ;  was  ap 
pointed  U.S.  district  attorney  for  the  middle  dis 
trict  of  Tennessee  in  1841,  and  served  as  state 
senator  one  term.  He  was  elected  clerk  of  the 
supreme  court  of  the  District  of  Columbia  in  1803. 
He  is  the  author  of  :  Reports  of  Cases  in  the, 
Supreme  Court  of  Tennessee  (1839),  and  Dnjext 
of  all  the  Decisions  of  the  Former  Superior 
Courts  of  Law  and  E'jnitji  and  of  the  Hn/trenie 
Court  of  Errors  and  Appeals  in  Hie  Slate  of  Ten 
nessee.  (1848).  He  also  published  in  conjunction 
with  W.F.  Cooper  :  The  Code  of  Tennessee  (is.x). 
He  died  in  Washington.  D.C.,  Oct.  19,  1891. 

MEIGS,  William  Montgomery,  author,  was 
born  in  Philadelphia,  Pa..  Aug.  12,  1832  ;  son  of 
Dr.  John  Forsyth  and  Ann  Wilcocks  (Ingersoll) 
Meigs  ;  and  grandson  of  Charles  Delucena  and 
Elizabath  (Learning)  Meigs,  and  of  Charles  Jared 
Ingersoll,  of  Philadelphia.  He  was  graduated 
from  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  A.B.,  1872, 
A.M.,  1875,  and  M.D.,  with  honors,  1875.  He  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  and  practised  in  Philadelphia. 
He  is  the  author  of  :  Life  of  Josiah  Menjs  (1887); 
Life  of  Charles  Jared  Ingersoll  (1897);  Tin- 
Growth  of  th.e  Constitution  (1900)  and  contribu 
tions  to  periodicals. 

MEIKLEJOHN,  George  De  Rue,  assistant  sec 
retary  of  war.  was  born  at  \\Yyauwega,  AVaupaca 
county,  Wis.,  Aug.  27,  1857  ;  son  of  Peter  and 
Hannah  Meiklejohn,  and  grandson  of  Andrew 
Meiklejohn,  who  was  born  in  Stirlingshire,  Scot 
land,  in  1798and  immigrated  to  America  in  1815, 
locating  at  Orwell,  Vt.  His  father,  a  native  of 
Putnam,  N.Y.,  located  on  a  farm  in  Wisconsin 
in  1854.  George  attended  the  State  Normal  school. 
Oshkosh.  Wis.,  1873-75,  was  principal  of  high 
schools  at  Weyamvega,  Wis.,  1876,  and  Liscomb, 
Iowa,  1877-78,  and  was  graduated  at  the  Uni 
versity  of  Michigan,  LL.B.,  1880.  He  was  ad- 


[438] 


MKLCHER 


MELL 


niitted  to  the  bar  in  1880  and  settled  in   practice       conferred   on    him   on    examination    by    Boston 


.at  Fullerton,  Neb.  He  was  county  attorney  of 
Nance  county,  Neb.,  1881-84;  a  member  of  the 
state  senate,  1884-88,  and  president  of  that  body, 
1886-88.  He  was  chairman  of  the  Republican 

state  convention  of 
1887-88,  lieutenant- 
governor  of  Nebraska, 
1889-91  ;  a  Republi 
can  representative 
from  the  third  Ne 
braska  district  in  the 
53d  and  54th  con 
gresses,  1893-97,  and 
assistant  secretary  of 
war,  1897-1901,  which 
office  he  resigned  in 
March.  1901,  and 
gave  his  attention  to 
extensive  mining  op 
erations  in  the  Uni 
ted  States  and  Mexi- 
•co.  Tie  was  appointed  a  Knight  of  the  Royal 
Order  oL'  the  Sword  by  the  King  of  Sweden, 
Feb.  27.  1899. 

MELCHER,  Joseph,  R.  C.  bishop,  was  born  in 
Vienna,  Austria,  March  19,  180(5.  He  received 
his  preparatory  education  in  Vienna  :  was  fitted 
for  the  priesthood  at  the  ecclesiastical  college  at 
Modena,  Italy,  and  was  ordained  priest  at  Mo- 
•dena,  March  27,  1830.  He  served  as  chaplain  to 
the  Austrian  court,  1830-43,  and  in  1843  came  to 
the  United  States  at  the  solicitation  of  Bishop 
.Joseph  Ro.sati,  of  St.  Louis.  He  was  pastor  at 
Little  Rock,  Ark.,  1843-44,  and  vicar-general  of 
the  diocese  of  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  and  rector  of  St. 
Mary's  church,  1844-68.  He  declined  the  ap 
pointment  of  bishop  of  the  diocese  of  Quincy, 
III.,  erected  July  29,  1853,  and  was  appointed 
bishop  of  the  newly  created  diocese  of  Green 
Bay.  Wis.,  established  March  3,  1868,  He  was 
consecrated  at  the  Cathedral  of  St.  Louis,  July 
12,  18(58.  by  Archbishop  P.  R.  Kenrick,  assisted 
by  Bishops  Henni,  and  Juncker.  He  died  at 
Green  Bay,  \Vis.,  Dec.  20,  1873. 

MELDEN,  Charles  A.,  educator,  was  born  in 
Salem.  Mass.,  July  18.  1853  :  son  of  George  and 
Margaret  Elizabeth  (Garrett)  Melden.  He  at 
tended  the  public  schools  of  Salem,  and  a  private 
preparatory  school  at  Lynn,  was  graduated  from 
the  College  of  Liberal  Arts,  Boston  university,  in 

1880,  and  from  the  Boston    University  Theolog 
ical  seminary  in  1892.     He  was  married,  Aug.  1, 

1881,  toMelinda  A.  Lewis,  and  on  Sept.  26,  1892.  to 
Addie   L.    (Croxford)    Smith.     As  a   minister  of 
the  Methodist  Episcopal  church  he  served  several 
important    charges    in    Massachusetts,     1882-97. 
He   was   elected  president   of   Clark  university, 
Atlanta,  Ga.,  in  1897.     The  degree  of  Ph.D.  was 


[439] 


university  in  1892,  and  he  received  the  honorary 
degree  of  D.D.  from  Rust  university  in  Holly 
Springs.  Miss.,  in  1900. 

MELINE,  James  Florant,  author,  was  born 
in  the  U.S.  garrison  at  Sacket  Harbor.  N.Y. , 
April  25,  1813  ;  son  of  Lieut.  Floraut  and  Cath 
erine  (Butler)  Meline.  His  father  came  from 
France  early  in  1800  and  served  in  the  war  of 
1812.  lie  was  educated  at  Mount  St.  Mary's  col 
lege,  Emmittsburg,  Md. ,  but  was  not  graduated 
owing  to  his  parents'  death,  and  he  removed  to 
Cincinnati.  Ohio,  where  he  engaged  as  a  music 
teacher  and  as  professor  of  languages,  history  and 
literature  in  the  Athenaeum.  He  studied  law  in 
the  meantime,  was  admitted  to  the  Cincinnati 
bar,  and  studied  in  France,  Germany  and  Italy 
three  years,  1835-38.  On  his  return  to  the  United 
States  in  1838,  he  became  assistant  to  the  Rev. 
Josue  M.  Young,  editor  of  the  Catholic  Telegraph. 
He  was  married  in  1846  to  Mary  E.,  daughter  of 
John  Rogers,  of  Cincinnati,  and  engaged  in  tho 
foreign  banking  business  in  that  city,  for  the 
governments  of  France,  Denmark,  Belgium, 
Netherlands,  Sweden,  Norway,  Sardinia,  Papal 
State*,  and  several  German  principalities.  He 
also  served  as  consular  agent  in  Cincinnati,  1851- 
54.  and  as  vice  consul  to  1862,  and  in  June,  1862, 
he  entered  the  Union  army  as  judge  advocate  on 
the  stalf  of  Gen.  John  Pope  with  the  rank  of 
major.  He  served  throughout  the  war  and  was 
promoted  colonel.  He  accompanied  General 
Pope  on  an  official  tour  through  Colorado  and 
New  Mexico,  1865-66  ;  was  chief  of  the  bureau  of 
civil  affairs  in  the  third  military  district,  which 
comprised  Georgia,  Alabama  and  Florida,  1866- 
68 ;  was  employed  by  the  government  in  con 
nection  with  the  Freedmen's  bureau  in  Atlanta, 
Georgia,  and  at  the  same  time  acted  as  the  reg 
ular  correspondent  of  the  Cincinnati  Commercial 
and  the  New  York  Tribune.  He  settled  in 
Brooklyn,  N.Y.,  in  1869,  and  engaged  in  literary 
work  chiefly  on  disputed  Catholic  subjects  of 
history.  He  delivered  a  course  of  lectures  on 
English  literature  at  Seton  Hall  college,  the  Col 
lege  of  the  Christian  Brothers  and  the  Academy 
of  the  Sacred  Heart,  New  York.  He  was  literary 
critic  of  the  Nation  ;  contributed  to  the  Galaxy, 
Catholic  World  and  New  York  newspapers,  and 
is  the  author  of  :  Tico  Thousand  Miles  on  Horse 
back  (1867);  Commercial  Travelling  (1869);  Mary 
Queen  of  Scots  and  her  Latent  English  Historian, 
a  criticism  of  tho  work  of  Fronde  (1871);  and  a 
Life  of  Sixtii*  the  Fifth  (1871).  He  died  in 
Brooklyn,  N.Y.,  lug.  14,  1873. 

MELL,  Patrick  Hues,  educator,  was  born  at 
Walthourville,  Liberty  county,  Ga.,  July  19, 
1814  ;  son  of  Maj.  Benjamin  and  Cynthia  (Sum- 
ner)  Mell ;  grandson  of  William  and  Sarah  (Hues) 


MELL 


MELLEN 


Mell  and  of  Thomas  and  Anna  (Baker)  Sumner,      dential  Government  ;  Baptism  (1852)  ;  Corrective 


and  a  descendant  of  John  Mell,  who  settled  near 
Charleston,  S.C.,  1667  ;  also  of  Wil  Ham  Sumner, 
who  settled  in  Dorchester,  Mass.,  1036.  He  was 
left  an  orphan  in  1828,  and  to  support  his  younger 

brothers  and  sisters 
taught  in  academies 
in  Georgia,  where  he 
was  prepared  for  col 
lege.  He  matricul 
ated  at  Amherst  in 
the  class  of  1837,  but 
soon  left  and  taught 
in  an  academy  at 
Springfield,  Mass., 
and  in  the  high  school 
at  East  Hartford, 
Conn.,  1834-37.  and 
in  southern  Georgia, 
1837-39.  He  was 
principal  of  a  classi 
cal  and  English 

school  at  Oxford,  Georgia,  1839-41,  where  he  also 
preached,  1840-42.  He  was  ordained  to  the  Bap 
tist  ministry  at  Penfield,  Ga.,  Nov.  19,  1842,  and 
was  pastor  at  Greensborough,  Ga.,  1842-52-,  also 
supplying  Antioch  and  Bairdstown.  He  was 
professor  of  ancient  languages  in  Mercer  univer 
sity,  Penfield,  Ga.,  1841-55,  and  in  1855,  owing  to 
a  disagreement  with  the  president,  he  was  dis 
missed  by  the  trustees.  He  declined  the  presi 
dency  of  various  southern  colleges,  and  was  at  the 
University  of  Georgia  as  professor  of  ancient 
languages,  1856-00  ;  professor  of  metaphysics  and 
ethics,  1860-87,  and  chancellor  of  the  university 
and  ex-offlcio  president  of  the  State  College  of 
Agriculture  and  Mechanic  Arts,  1878-88.  He 
was  married,  June  29,  1840,  to  Lurene  Howard, 
daughter  of  George  and  Nancy  (Connor)  Cooper. 
She  died  in  1861,  leaving  eight  children,  and  he 
was  married,  secondly,  Dec.  24,  1861,  to  Eliza  E- 
Cooper,  of  Scriven  county,  by  whom  he  had  six 
children.  In  1861  he  raised  a  company  known  as 
"  Mell's  Riflemen  "  for  six  months'  service  and 
served  as  captain  until  domestic  affliction  forced 
him  to  resign.  In  1863  the  university  closed  and 
he  was  made  colonel  of  a  regiment  composed 
of  professors  and  students  of  the  university,  and 
the  regiment  served  at  Rome,  Savannah  and 
other  parts  of  the  state  until  the  close  of  the  war. 
He  was  moderator  of  the  Georgia  Baptist  asso 
ciation  for  thirty  years,  president  of  the  Southern 
Baptist  convention  for  seventeen  years,  and  of 
the  Georgia  Baptist  convention  for  twenty-six 
years.  He  received  the  degree  of  D.D.  from 
Furman  university.  S.C.,  and  from  the  University 
of  Georgia  in  1858,  and  that  of  LL.D.  from 
Howard  college.  Ala.,  in  1869.  He  is  the  author 
of  :  Predestination  ;  Calvinism ;  God's  Provi- 


Churcli  Discipline  (ISOO)  :  a   treatise  on   Parlia 
mentary  Practice  (1868) ;  The  Philosophy  of  Prayer 

(1875)  ;    Church    Polity     (1878).      He     died     in 
Athens.  Ga,.  Jan.  2(5,  1888. 

MELL,  Patrick  Hues,  scientist,  was  born  in 
Penfield,  Ga.,  May  24,  1850  :  son  of  the  Kev. 
Patrick  Hues  and  Lurene  Howard  (Cooper)  Mell. 
He  was  graduated  at  the  University  of  Georgia, 
A.B.,  1871,  C.E.,  1872,  and  M.E.,  1873,  and  was 
state  chemist  of  Georgia,  1874-77.  He  was  made 
professor  of  geology  and  botany  in  the  Alabama 
Polytechnic  institute,  1878  ;  was  director  of  the 
Alabama  weather  service  bureau,  1884-93,  and  of 
the  Alabama  Agricultural  experiment  station, 
1898.  He  received  the  honorary  degree  of  Ph.D. 
from  the  University  of  Georgia  in  1880.  He  was 
a  member  of  numerous  historical  and  scientific 
organizations.  He  was  married,  June  15.  1875,  to 
Annie  R. ,  daughter  of  William  N.  White,  of 
Athens,  Ga.  He  invented  a  system  of  weather 
signals  in  1886  adopted  by  the  U.S.  weather 
bureau,  revised  P.  II.  Mell's  "  Parliamentary 
Practice"  (1893):  and  William  N.  White's 
"  Gardening  for  the  South  "  (1901),  and  is  the 
author  of  :  Auriferous  Slate  Deposits  of  the  South 
ern  Region  (1881)  :  Southern  Soapstones  and 
Fireclays  (1882)  ;  Wild  Grasses  of  Alabama 
(1886)  ;  Microscopic  Study  of  the  Cotton  Plant 
(1890)  ;  Climatology  of  Alabama  (1890)  ;  Clima 
tology  of  the  Cotton  Plant  (1892)  ;  Improvement 
of  Cotton  Plant  by  Crossing  (1894)  ;  Life  of 
Patrick  Hues  Mell,  Sr..  LL.D.  (1895);  Botanical 
Laboratory  Guide  (1895),  and  contributions  to 
scientific  periodicals. 

MELLEN,  George  Frederick,  educator,  was 
born  in  Clarke  county,  Miss.,  June  27,  1859  :  son 
of  Seth  Smith  and  Susan  (Bush)  Mellen.  natives 
of  Massachusetts.  His  father  was  principal  of  a 
preparatory  school  for  boys  at  Pierces  Spring, 
Miss.,  and  received  the  honorary  degree  of  LL.D. 
from  the  University  of  Alabama  in  1883.  George 
Frederick  was  prepared  for  college  by  his  father 
and  was  graduated  from  the  University  of  Ala 
bama,  A.M.,  1879.  He  was  honor  man  of  his 
class  and  won  two  prizes  given  for  best  examina 
tions  in  Anglo-Saxon  and  in  Shakespeare  by  the 
Early  English  Text  and  the  New  Shakespeare 
societies  of  Great  Britain.  He  taught  in  Living 
ston  and  Gainesville,  Ala.,  1879-85,  and  was  mar 
ried.  July  7,  1885,  to  Mary  B.,  daughter  of  Cyrus 
B.  and  Eliza  (Van  de  Graaffe)  Baldwin,  of  Mont- 
eagle,  Tenn.  For  two  semesters,  1885-86.  lie  at 
tended  the  University  ofLeipzig  where  he  studied 
Latin,  Greek  and  pedagogics.  Ill-health  com 
pelled  him  to  return  home,  and  he  had  charge  of 
Marengo  institute  for  girls,  Demopolis.  Ala., 
1887-91 .  He  organized  Marengo  Military  academy, 
in  which  he  taught  the  classics,  1887-90  ;  studied 


[140J 


MELLEN 


MELVILLE 


in  Leipzig  and  received  from  the  university  the 
degree  of  Ph.D.  in  1890  ;  was  associate  professor 
of  Greek  and  French  in  the  University  of  Ten 
nessee,  1891-92,  and  full  professor,  1892-1900,  when 
he  resigned  to  devote  himself  to  literary  work  and 
historical  research.  He  was  elected  a  member  of 
the  American  Philological  association,  of  the 
Modern  Language  Association  of  America,  and  of 
the  Irving  club  of  Knoxville,  Tenn.  He  is  the 
author  of  :  Errors  concerning  Higher  Education 
in  the  United  States,  and  their  Remedies  (1890)  ; 
The  University  and  the  City  (1892)  ;  monographs 
on  famous  Southern  editors  :  George  D.  Prentice 
and  John  M.  Daniel;  and  frequent  contributions 
to  periodicals. 

MELLEN,  Qrenville,  poet,  was  born  in  Bid- 
deford,  Maine,  June  19,  1799;  son  of  Judge  Pren- 
tiss  and  Sally  (Hudson)  Mellen.  He  was  grad 
uated  at  Harvard  in  1818,  studied  law  in  Portland, 
Maine,  and  practised  in  North  Yarmouth,  Maine, 
1823-28,  in  Boston,  Mass.,  1828-34,  and  in  New 
York  city,  1834-41.  He  established  The  Monthly 
Miscellany  in  1839,  which  was  soon  discontinued. 
He  contributed  to  the  United  States  Literary 
Gazette,  and  is  the  author  of :  The  Rest  of  the 
Nations  (1820)  ;  Our  Chronicle  of  '~6,  a  satire 
(1827)  :  Glad  Tales  and  Sad  Tales  (1829)  ;  The 
Martyr's  Triumph,  Buried  Valley,  and  other 
Poems  (1833)  :  The  Passions  (1836),  and  a  poem 
delivered  at  Amherst  college  (1839).  He  died  in 
New  York  city,  Sept.  5,  1841. 

MELLEN,  Prentiss,  senator,  was  born  in 
Sterling.  Mass.,  Oct.  11,  1764;  son  of  the  Rev. 
John  (1722-1807)  and  Rebecca  (Prentiss)  Mellen  ; 
grandson  of  Thomas  Mellen,  a  farmer  in  Hopkin- 
ton.  Mass.,  and  of  the  Rev.  John  Prentiss,  of  Lan 
caster,  Mass.  He  was  prepared  for  college  by  his 
father  and  was  graduated  at  Harvard  with  his 
brother  Henry  in  1784,  his  brother  John  having 
graduated  in  1770.  He  was  tutor  in  the  family  of 
Joseph  Otis  at  Barnstable,  Mass.,  1784-85,  studied 
law  under  Shearjashub  Bourne  in  Barnstable, 
1785-88,  and  practised  at  Sterling,  Mass.,  1788-89  ; 
at  Bridgewater,  1789-91;  at  Dover,  N. II.,  1791- 
92  ;  at  Biddeford,  1792-1806  ;  and  at  Portland, 
1800-40.  He  was  married,  in  May,  1795,  to  Sallie, 
daughter  of  Barzillai  Hudson,  of  Hartford,  Conn. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  Massachusetts  executive 
council,  1808-09  and  1817  :  presidential  elector  on 
the  Monroe  and  Tompkins  ticket  in  1817,  and  was 
elected  to  the  U.S.  senate  as  successor  to  Eli  P. 
Ashmun,  who  resigned  in  1818,  and  he  served  until 
1820,  when  Ma-ine  became  a  separate  state  and  he 
was  made  chief-justice  of  the  supreme  court  of 
the  state.  He  retired  in  1834  on  reaching  the 
age  of  seventy  years.  He  was  chairman  of  the 
committee  to  revise  and  codify  the  public  statutes 
of  Maine  in  1838.  He  received  the  degree  of 
LL.D.  from  Harvard  and  from  Bowdoin  in  1820, 


and  was  a  trustee  of  Bowdoin,  1817-86.  His  de 
cisions  are  in  Maine  Reports  (vols.  I. -XI).  He 
died  in  Portland,  Maine,  Dec.  31,  1840. 

MELLETTE,  Arthur  Calvin,  governor  of 
South  Dakota,  was  born  in  Henry  county,  Ind., 
June  23,  1842  ;  son  of  Charles  and  Mary  (Moore) 
Mellette  ;  grandson  of  Arthur  and  Leauna 
(Glasscock)  Mellette,  and  a  descendant  of  John 
and  Sarah  (Sutter)  Mellette.  John  Mellette  was 
born  in  France,  served  as  a  soldier  under  La 
Fayette  in  the  American  Revolution  and  died  in 
Virginia  in  1790,  his  wife  dying  in  1815  ;  Arthur 
Mellette  removed  from  Virginia  to  Henry  county 
Ind.,  in  1830  and  died  Oct.  24,  1853.  Charles  Mel 
lette  died  in  Henry  county,  Ind.,  April  14,  1876. 
Arthur  Calvin  Mellette  attended  Marion  academy 
and  was  graduated  from  Indiana  university,  A.B., 
1864,  LL.B.,  1866,  A.M.,  1867.  He  served  in  the  9th 
Indiana  infantry  1864-65.  He  practised  law  at 
Muncie,  Ind.,  1866-78  ;  was  elected  prosecuting  at 
torney  of  Delaware  county  in  1868 ;  was  a  Re 
publican  representative  in  the  Indiana  legisla 
ture,  1872-74,  and  editor  of  the  Muncie  Times 
for  several  years.  He  was  register  of  the  land 
office,  Springfield,  Dak.  Ter.,  1878-80,  and  at 
Watertown,  Dak.  Ter.,  1880-85  ;  was  a  member 
of  the  state  constitutional  convention  that  met 
at  Sioux  Falls,  Sept.  4,  1883,  and  he  was  elected 
governor  of  the  proposed  state  of  South  Dakota 
under  the  constitution  of  1885,  receiving  28,994 
votes  to  226  scattering.  The  state  was  not  ad 
mitted  to  the  Union,  however,  and  he  was  ap 
pointed  governor  of  the  territory  March  12.  1889, 
by  President  Harrison  to  succeed  Louis  K. 
Church,  Democrat.  The  territory  was  divided 
into  two  states,  both  of  which  were  admitted 
Nov.  2,  1889.  He  was  elected  Republican  gov 
ernor  of  South  Dakota,  Oct.  1,  1889,  and  served, 
1889-92.  He  afterward  removed  to  Pittsburg, 
Kan.,  where  he  practised  law.  He  was  married 
May  29,  1866,  to  Margaret  daughter  of  Prof.  T.  A. 
Wylie  of  Indiana  university.  He  died  in  Pitts- 
burg.  Kan.,  May  25,  1896. 

MELVILLE,  George  Wallace,  naval  officer, 
was  born  in  New  York  city,  Jan.  10,  1841  ;  son  of 
Alexander  and  Sarah  (Danther)  Melville  ;  grand 
son  of  James  Melville  of  Stirling,  Scotland,  and  a 
descendant  of  Andrew  Melville  (1545-1622),  the 
scholar,  reformer  and  Presbyterian  leader.  He 
attended  the  public  schools,  the  school  of  the 
Christian  brothers,  and  Brooklyn  Polytechnic  in 
stitute,  and  then  served  an  apprenticeship  in  a 
machine  shop.  He  entered  the  U.S.  navy  as  3d 
assistant  engineer,  July  29,  1861;  was  promoted 
2d  assistant  engineer,  Dec.  18,  1862 ;  served 
throughout  the  civil  war  on  the  West  India.  Brazil 
and  China  stations,  and  was  promoted  1st  assistant 
engineer  Jan.  30,  1865.  He  was  chief  engineer  of 
the  Tigress,  sent  to  the  Arctic  seas  in  search  of  the 


[4-11] 


MELVILLE 


MEMMINGER 


Polaris  in  1873,  and  was  chief  engineer  of  the 
Jeannette  in  the  expedition  commanded  by  Lieut. 
George  W.  DeLong.  that  left  San  Francisco,  Cal., 
July  8.  1879.  When  the  Jeannette  was  crushed  in 
the  ice,  June  13,  188.1,  he  was  given  command  of 

one  of  the  boats  car 
rying  the  shipwreck 
ed  crew  out  of  the 
ice-pack  to  the  mouth 
of  the  Lena  river, 
which  refuge  he 
reached  after  intense 
suffering,  Sept.  17, 
1881,  and  with  his 
companions  awaited 
the  arrival  of  the 
other  boats.  His 
search  for  the  miss 
ing  boats  resulted  in 
his  finding  the  huts 
and  records  left  by 
DeLong,  but  it  was 

not  till  March  22,  1882,  that  he  discovered  the  bod 
ies  of  Lieutenant  DeLong,  Dr.  Ambler  and  seven 
others,  and  he  gave  to  the  remains  the  rite  of 
Christian  burial  and  erected  a  rude  cairn  tomb  to 
protect  the  bodies  from  wild  beasts.  He  was 
chief  engineer  on  the  Thetis,  flagship  of  the 
Greely  relief  expedition,  in  1884.  By  special  act 
of  congress  he  was  given  a  gold  medal  and  ad 
vanced  fifteen  numbers  in  September,  1890,  for 
his  arctic  services.  He  was  chief  of  the  bureau 
of  steam  engineering,  with  the  rank  of  commo 
dore,  Aug.  8,  1887,  and  he  served  as  engineer-in- 
cliief  of  the  navy  from  Jan.  16,  1888,  his  last  com 
mission  being  captain,  March  3,  1899,  and  his 
position  as  chief  of  the  bureau  of  steam  engineer 
ing  giving  him  the  rank  of  rear-admiral  while 
holding  the  office.  He  invented  a  torpedo  and  de 
signed  many  other  naval  appliances,  includ 
ing  triplescrew  machinery  used  on  the  Colum 
bia  and  Minneapolis*.  In  July,  1901,  Admiral  Mel 
ville,  constructed  a  number  of  casks  which  were 
set  adrift  from  the  U.S.  revenue  cutter  Bear  in 
the  Arctic  ocean,  with  the  object  of  determining 
the  existence  of  ocean  currents  crossing  the  pole. 
The  casks  contained  messages  in  five  languages, 
directing  the  finder  to  communicate  to  the  near 
est  U.S.  consul  the  time  and  place  where  picked 
up.  His  term  of  service  in  the  U.S.  navy  expired 
by  age  limit,  Jan.  10,  1903.  He  was  elected  pres 
ident  of  the  American  Society  of  Mechanical 
Engineers  and  a  member  of  various  scientific 
societies  at  home  and  abroad.  He  received  the 
honorary  degrees  :  Doctor  of  Engineering  from 
Stevens,  1896  ;  M.  Sc.  from  Columbia,  1899  ;  LL.D. 
from  Georgetown,  1899,  and  Sc.D.  from  the  Uni 
versity  of  Pennsylvania,  1901.  He  is  the  author 
of  :  In  the  Lena  Delta  (1885). 


MELVILLE,  Herman,  author,  was  born  in  New 
York  city,  Aug.  1,  1819 ;  son  of  Allan  and 
Catherine  (Gansevoort)  Melville;  grandson  of  Maj. 
Thomas  Melville,  a  member  of  the  Boston  tea- 
party,  and  of  Gen.  Peter  Gansevoort  (q.v.). 
Allan  Melville,  a  wealthy  merchant,  and  a  man  of 
literary  tastes,  travelled  extensively  ;  he  died 
in  1832.  Herman  spent  his  youth  in  Albany 
and  Greenbush.  N.Y.,  with  his  mother's  relatives, 
and  at  the  age  of  eighteen  shipped  as  a  sailor  on 
a  voyage  to  Liverpool,  England.  In  1841  he  sailed 
on  the  Acushnet,  a  whaling  vessel,  on  a  crnif-e  to 
the  South  Pacific  ocean,  but  in  1842,  owing  to 
cruel  treatment,  deserted  the  ship  on  reaching 
Nukahiva  in  the  Marquesas  group.  With  his  com. 
paiiion  he  was  captured  by  cannibals,  held  prisoner 
for  four  months,  rescued  by  an  Australian  whaling 
vessel  after  a  bloody  contest,  remained  in  the 
Pacific  on  board  his  rescuer's  ship  until  1843,  and 
returned  by  way  of  the  Hawaiian  islands,  where 
he  joined  the  crew  of  the  U.S.  frigate  United 
States  and  readied  Boston  in  1844.  He  went  to 
Lansingbnrg,  N.Y.,  where  he  wrote  his  novel, 
"  Typee,"  which  was  sold  to  John  Murray,  the 
English  publisher,  was  issued  as  "Melville's 
Marquesas  Islands"  (1845)  and  passed  through 
several  editions.  He  removed  in  1850,  to  Pittsfield, 
Mass.,  where  he  met  Hawthorne.  He  made  a 
voyage  around  the  world  in  18f>0,  and  on  his  re 
turn  in  1863  resided  in  New  York  where  in  ]H(j6 
he  took  a  position  in  the  United  States  custom 
house,  which  failing  health  obliged  him  to  re 
linquish  in  1886.  He  was  married,  in  1847.  to 
Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Chief-Justice  Lemuel 
Shaw.  He  is  the  author  of  :  Typee  :  a  Peep  at 
Polynesian  Life  during  a  Foiir-MonlJis  Residence 
in  a  Valley  of  the  Marquesas  (2  parts,  1846)  ; 
Omoo  :  a  Narrative  of  Adventures  in  the  South 
Seas  (1847)  ;  Mardi  and  a  Voyage  Thither  (18-19)  ; 
Redburn  (1849)  ;  White  Jacket;  or.  The  World, 
in  a  Man-of-war  (1850)  ;  Moby  Dick ;  or.  the 
White  Whale  (1851) ;  Pierre  ;  or,  the  Ambiguities 
(1852)  ;  Israel  Potter  :  his  Fifty  Years  of  E.rile 
(1855)  ;  Piazza  Tales  (1856)  ;  The  Confidence 
Man  (1857)  ;  Battle-Pieces  and  Aspects  of  the 
War  (poems,  1866)  ;  Clarel :  a  Pilgrimage  in  the 
Holy  Land  (a  poem,  1876).  John  Marr  and  Other 
Sailors  (1888)  and  Timoleon  (1891)  were  issued 
at  the  instance  of  Arthur  Stedman,  who,  in  1892 
edited  an  edition  in  four  volumes,  of  Typee, 
Omoo,  Moby  and  White  Jacket,  prefacing  the  set 
with  a  critical  biography.  Herman  Melville  died 
in  New  York  city,  Sept.  28.  1891. 

MEMRINGER,  Charles  Gustavius,  secretary 
of  the  C.S.  treasury,  was  born  in  Wurtembnrg, 
Germany,  Jan.  17,  1803.  His  father  died  when 
he  was  an  infant  and  his  mother  immigrated  to 
the  United  States  and  settled  in  Charleston,  S  C. 
At  her  death  in  1812  he  was  adopted  by  Governor 


[443] 


MENDENHALL 


MENOCAL 


Thomas  Bennett  and  he  was  graduated  at  South 
Carolina  college  in  1820.  lie  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1823,  and  settled  in  practice  in  Charles 
ton.  He  was  a  Federalist  and  opposed  the  nullifi 
cation  act  ;  represented  Charleston  in  the  state 
legislature,  1836-52  ;  was  chairman  of  the  com 
mittee  on  ways  and  means,  and  influential  in 
directing  the  financial  affairs  of  the  state,  oppos 
ing  the  suspension  of  specie  payments  by  the  banks 
in  1839.  He  took  an  active  interest  in  the  educa 
tional  progress  of  the  state  from  1834,  and  with 
W.  J.  Bennett  reorganized  the  public  school  sys 
tem.  He  was  returned  to  the  state  legislature  in 
1854,  and  succeeded  in  further  advancing  the 
educational  interests  of  the  state.  He  was  a 
commissioner  from  South  Carolina  to  Virginia  to 
secure  co-operation  against  the  Abolitionists  in 
1859,  and  was  a  deputy  from  South  Carolina  to 
the  convention  held  at  Montgomery,  Ala.,  Feb.  4, 
1861,  where  he  was  chairman  of  the  committee 
to  frame  the  constitution  for  the  provisional  gov 
ernment  of  the  Confederate  States  of  America, 
adopted  Feb.  8,  1861,  by  the  deputies  from  Ala 
bama,  Florida,  Georgia,  Louisiana,  Mississippi 
and  Soutli  Carolina.  He  was  appointed  secretary 
of  the  Confederate  States  treasury  by  President 
Davis,  Feb.  21,  1861,  resigned  in  June,  1864,  and 
was  succeeded  by  George  A.  Trenholm.  He  re 
tired  from  politics  at  the  close  of  the  war  and 
devoted  himself  to  educational  work.  He  died  in 
Charleston.  S.C.,  March  7,  1888. 

MENDENHALL,  Thomas  Corwin,  physicist, 
was  born  near  Hanoverton,  Columbiana  county, 
Ohio,  Oct.  4,  1841  ;  son  of  Stephen  and  Mary 
(Thomas)  Mendenhall ;  grandson  of  James  Men- 
denhall,  and  a  descendant  of  Benjamin  Menden 
hall,  who  came  to 
Philadelphia,  Pa., 
from  the  village  of 
Mildenhall,  Wilt 
shire,  England,  about 
1684.  He  taught 
mathematics  and  phy 
sics  in  the  high  school 
at  Columbus,  Ohio, 
1868-73  ;  and  was 
professor  of  physics 
and  mechanics  in 
the  Ohio  State  uni 
versity,  1873-78,  from 
which  institution  lie 
received  the  degree  of 
Ph.D.  in  1878.  He  was 

professor  of  experimental  physics  in  the  Imperial 
University  of  Japan  at  Tokio,  1878-81,  and  there 
established  a  physical  laboratory  and  a  meteoro 
logical  observatory,  the  latter  being  merged  into 
the  general  meteorological  system,  organized  by 
the  Japanese  government.  He  was  again  pro- 


T- 


fessor  of  physics  in  the  Ohio  State  university, 
1881-83  ;  organized  and  directed  the  Ohio  State 
weather  bureau  in  1883-84,  and  invented  a  system 
of  weather  signals  from  railroad  trains.  He  was 
professor  in  the  U.S.  signal  corps  at  Washington, 
D.C.,  where  he  organized  and  equipped  a  physical 
laboratory  in  connection  with  the  office  of  the 
chief  signal  officer  and  carried  on  systematic 
observations  of  atmospheric  electricity.  He  also 
gathered  data  in  relation  to  earthquakes,  in 
which  phenomena  he  became  interested  while  in 
Japan,  and  after  the  earthquake  in  Charleston, 
S.C.,  in  August,  1886,  visited  the  city  and  made  a 
report  with  a  co-seismic  chart  of  the  disturbed 
area.  He  was  president  of  the  Rose  Polytechnic 
institute  at  Terre  Haute,  Incl.,  1886-89  ;  superin 
tendent  of  the  U.S.  coast  and  geodetic  survey, 
1889-94,  and  president  of  the  Worcester  Poly 
technic  institute,  Mass.,  1894-1901.  He  resigned 
and  in  July,  1901,  was  succeeded  by  Edmund 
Arthur  Engler.  He  lectured  throughout  the 
United  States,  and  while  in  Japan  established  the 
first  public  lecture  hall  in  that  country.  He  was 
chairman  of  the  U.S.  board  of  geographic  names 
from  1890  ;  a  member  of  the  first  Bering  Sea  com 
mission  in  1891  ;  of  the  U.S.  and  Great  Britain 
boundary  line  survey  commission,  1892-94,  and 
of  the  U.S.  Lighthouse  board,  1889-94.  He  was 
vice-president  of  the  physical  section  of  the 
American  Association  for  the  Advancement  of 
Science  in  1882,  and  president  of  the  association 
in  1888  ;  president  of  the  American  Meteorolo 
gical  society,  1898  ;  chairman  of  the  Massachu 
setts  highway  commission,  1896-1900,  and  was 
one  of  the  founders  of  the  Seismological  society 
of  Tokio  in  1879.  He  was  made  a  member  of  the 
National  Academy  of  Science,  1887  ;  the  American 
Academy  of  Arts  and  Sciences,  1890  ;  the  Amer 
ican  Antiquarian  society,  1895;  the  Massachusetts 
Historical  society,  1896,  and  the  American  Philo 
sophical  society  in  1900.  He  received  the  degree 
of  LL.D.  from  the  University  of  Michigan  in  1887 
and  that  of  D.Sc.  from  the  Rose  Polytechnic  in 
stitute  in  1895.  He  received  the  Cullum  medal 
from  the  American  Geographical  society  in  1901 
for  his  researches  in  the  Alaska  boundary  com 
mission.  He  contributed  to  scientific  periodicals 
and  is  the  author  of  monographs,  reports  and  A 
Century  of  Electricity  (1887). 

MENOCAL,  Aniceto  Garcia,  naval  engineer, 
was  born  in  Havana,  Cuba,  Sept.  1, 1836.  He  was 
graduated  at  the  Rensselaer  Polytechnic  institute, 
C.E.,  1862,  and  returned  to  Cuba,  where  he  was 
connected  with  the  Vento  water  works  at 
Havana,  1803-69.  He  removed  to  the  United 
States  in  1870,  and  was  engineer  of  the  depart 
ment  of  public  works  in  New  York,  1870-72  ; 
chief  engineer  of  the  U.S.  Nicaragua  canal  sur 
veying  expedition,  1872-74,  and  of  the  Panama 

[443] 


MERCER 


MERCER 


surveying  expedition,  1874-75.  He  was  appoint 
ed  to  the  U.S.  navy  from  New  York  as  a  civil  en 
gineer  with  the  relative  rank  of  commander,  July 
15,  1874,  and  was  attached  to  the  navy-yard  at 
Washington,  D.C.,  1875-88.  He  made  extensive 
.  surveys  in  Nicaragua 

011  improving  the 
navigation  of  the  riv 
er  San  Juan,  the 
harbor  of  Greytown 
and  for  connecting 
Lakes  Nicaragua  and 
Managua  by  a  naviga 
ble  canal.  He  was  a 
delegate  to  the  Paris 
canal  congress  of 
1879,  where  he  urg 
ed  the  Nicaragua 
naval  route,  and  on 
July  23,  1879,  lie  was 
decorated  chevalier 
of  the  Legion  of 
Honor.  He  was  also  consulting  engineer  to 
the  bureau  of  yards  and  docks  in  the  navy  de 
partment,  1881-88.  He  had  charge  of  a  survey 
ing  party  sent  to  Nicaragua  by  the  navy  depart 
ment  in  1884,  and  in  1885  submitted  his  report, 
and  in  1887  he  was  made  chief  engineer  of  the 
Nicaragua  canal  company,  organized  to  build  the 
canal  on  his  plans.  He  was  retired,  Sept.  1,  1898, 
having  reached  the  age  of  sixty-two  years.  In 
1898-  99  he  was  on  duty  at  Havana,  Cuba,  and 
San  Juan,  Porto  Rico,  in  connection  with  the 
naval  stations  in  those  islands.  In  1900  he  was 
appointed  a  member  of  a  commission  to  select  a 
site  for  the  principal  naval  station  in  the  Philip 
pine  Islands,  and  on  the  completion  of  his  duty 
was  made  a  member  of  a  board  appointed  to  pre 
pare  plans  fora  navy-yard  at  Olongapo,  P. I.,  the 
site  selected  by  the  commission,  and  also  plans 
for  a  new  navy-yard  at  Charleston,  S.C.  He  was 
made  a  member  of  several  American  scientific 
societies  and  of  the  Geographical  Society  of 
Antwerp. 

MERCER,  Charles  Fenton,  representative, 
was  born  in  Fredericksburg.  Va.,  June  6,  1778  ; 
son  of  James  and  Eleanor  (Dick)  Mercer  ;  grand 
son  of  John  Mercer,  of  Marlborough.  Stafford 
county,  Va.,  and  a  descendant  of  John  Mercer,  of 
Dublin.  Ireland.  He  was  graduated  at  the  College 
of  New  Jersey,  A.B..  1797.  A.M.,  1800.  He  ten 
dered  his  services  to  General  Washington  in  1798, 
at  the  time  of  the  threatened  invasion  by  the 
French,  and  served  as  lieutenant  and  captain  of 
cavalry,  1798-1800.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  1802  ;  travelled  in  Europe,  1802-03,  and  on  his 
return  to  America  settled  in  practice  at  Aldie. 
Loudoun  county,  Va.  He  was  a  representative 
in  the  Virginia  legislature,  1810-17,  being  chair 


man  of  the  committee  on  finance  of  the  house  of 
delegates,  1816,  and  the  original  projector  of  the 
Chesapeake  and  Ohio  canal,  of  which  he  was  presi 
dent  under  the  original  charter.  During  the 
session  of  1816-17  he  was  the  author  of  a  bill  for 
the  organization  of  education  in  Virginia,  which 
provided  for  a  university,  colleges,  academies 
and  primary  schools.  This  bill  passed  the  house 
of  delegates  on  Feb.  18,  1817  (ayes  66,  noes  49), 
and  was  defeated  in  the  senate  on  February  20,  by 
a  tie  vote  (ayes  7,  noes  7).  Had  this  bill  passed 
the  senate,  it  would  have  preceded  by  one  year 
Jefferson's  bill  for  the  establishment  of  the  Uni 
versity  of  Virginia.  At  the  session  of  1815-16. 
Mr.  Mercer  had  reported  a  measure,  which  was 
adopted,  that  largely  increased  the  literary  fund 
of  the  state  and  so  made  possible  a  larger  appro 
priation  from  this  fund  to  the  University  of  Vir 
ginia.  While  in  congress  his  name  was  con 
nected  with  many  important  measures,  especially 
those  relating  to  the  Chesapeake  and  Ohio  canal. 
He  served  through  the  war  of  1812,  being  aide  to 
the  governor,  with  the  rank  of  brigadier-general, 
and  was  in  command  of  the  forces  at  Norfolk, 
Va.  He  was  a  Federalist  representative  in  the 
15th-26th  congresses,  1817-41,  supported  the  ad 
ministration  of  James  Monroe  and  John  Quincy 
Adams  and  advocated  the  protection  of  home  in 
dustry.  He  visited  Europe  in  1853,  to  confer 
with  the  chief  public  men  on  the  abolition  of  the 
slave  trade.  He  was  a  supporter,  and  for  many 
years  one  of  the  directors,  of  the  American  Co 
lonization  society.  He  received  the  honorary 
degree  of  LL.D.  from  the  College  of  New  Jersey 
in  1826,  on  which  occasion  he  delivered  an  address 
on  "  Popular  Education,"  which  was  printed  in 
pamphlet  form,  and  as  an  appendix,  his  bill  of 
1817,  for  the  organization  of  education  in  Vir 
ginia,  which  embraced  a  systematic  plan  and 
would  materially  have  advanced  the  cause  of 
education  in  the  state.  This  bill  will  also  be 
found  in  "  Sundry  Documents  on  the  Subject  of 
a  System  of  Public  Education  for  the  State  of 
Virginia.  Published  by  the  President  and  Di 
rectors  of  the  Literary  Fund  in  obedience  to  a 
Resolution  of  the  General  Assembly.  Richmond, 
Printed  by  Ritchie,  Trueheart  and  Du  Val,  1817,'' 
a  very  rare  and  valuable  pamphlet.  Mr.  Mercer 
was  never  married.  He  died  at  Howard,  Va., 
May  4.  1858,  and  is  buried  at  Leesburg,  Va. 

MERCER,  David  Henry,  representative,  was 
born  in  Benton  county,  Iowa,  July  9,  1857  ;  son 
of  John  J.  and  Elizabeth  Mercer,  and  grandson  of 
Amos  Mercer.  He  was  taken  by  his  parents  to 
Adams  county,  111.,  in  1858,  and  to  Brownville, 
Neb.,  in  1867.  He  was  graduated  from  Nebraska 
State  university  in  1880  and  from  the  law  depart 
ment  of  the  University  of  Michigan  in  1882,  and 
settled  in  practice  at  Brownville.  He  was  twice 


[444] 


MERCER 


MERCER 


elected  secretary  of  the  Republican  state  central 
committee.  In  1885  he  removed  to  Omaha,  and 
for  several  years  was  chairman  of  the  Republican 
city  and  county  committees.  He  was  married,  at 
Washington,  D.C.,  June  6,  1894,  to  Birdie  Abbott, 
of  Minneapolis.  Minn.  In  1896  he  was  made  secre 
tary  of  the  Republican  congressional  committee, 
and  in  1897-98  was  chairman  of  the  Republican 
state  central  committee.  He  was  a  representative 
from  the  second  district  of  Nebraska  in  the  53d- 
57th  congresses,  1893-1903. 

MERCER,  George,  soldier,  was  born  at  Marl- 
borough,  Va.,  June  23,  1733  ;  son  of  John  (q.v.) 
and  Catherine  (Mason)  Mercer.  He  was  edu 
cated  at  the  College  of  William  and  Mary,  and 
was  lieutenant  and  captain  in  Col.  George  Wash 
ington's  regiment  in  the  French  and  Indian  war, 
becoming  later  lieutenant-colonel,  and  aide-de 
camp  to  Washington.  He,  with  George  Wash 
ington,  represented  Frederick  county  in  the  Vir 
ginia  house  of  burgesses  in  1761-62.  He  was 
agent  of  the  Ohio  Company  in  England,  1763-64, 
and  while  there  was  appointed  stamp  distributor 
in  Virginia,  but  on  reaching  Virginia  and  learn 
ing  of  the  opposition  to  the  Stamp  Act  he  re 
signed  his  appointment,  and  returned  to  England. 
On  Aug.  18, 1767,  he  was  married  to  Mary  Neville, 
of  Lincoln's  Inn  Fields,  and  shortly  after  returned 
to  Virginia.  His  wife  died  in  Richmond,  June 
4,  1768,  without  issue.  He  returned  to  England 
and  was  appointed  by  Lord  Hillsborough  lieu 
tenant-governor  of  North  Carolina,  Sept.  17,  1768. 
He  does  not  appear  to  have  assumed  the  office 
and  soon  after  his  appointment  he  resigned.  He 
died  in  England  in  April,  1784. 

MERCER,  Henry  Chapman,  anthropologist, 
was  born  in  Doylestown,  Pa.,  June  24,  1856  ;  son 
of  William  Robert  and  Mary  Rebecca  (Chapman) 
Mercer.  He  was  graduated  from  Harvard  in 
1879  ;  was  curator  of  American  and  prehistoric 
archaeology,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1894- 
97  ;  and  was  editor  of  Anthropology  in  the 
American  Naturalist,  1893-97.  He  made  a  special 
study  of  the  remains  of  prehistoric  animals  in 
their  relation  to  man,  and  discovered  remains  of 
ancient  man  in  drift  gravels  and  flint  workings  of 
America  and  Europe.  He  explored  the  caverns 
of  Yucatan  and  was  the  first  to  fix  the  geological 
date  for  the  ruins  on  the  peninsula  ;  discovered 
several  new  species  of  extinct  animals,  and  made 
an  extensive  examination  of  the  remains  of  the 
early  German  settlers  in  Pennsylvania  ;  and 
after  several  experiments  he  developed  their 
process  of  making  and  decorating  pottery.  In 
1899,  he  invented  a  new  method  for  the  manu 
facture  of  tiles  for  mural  decoration.  He  was  an 
honorary  member  of  the  U.S.  archaeological  com 
mission  held  at  Madrid.  Spain,  in  1893.  He  is  the 
author  of:  Lenape  Stone  (1883);  Hill  Caves  of 

[44. 


Yucatan  (1896) ;  Researches  upon  the  Antiquity  of 
Man  in  the  Delaware  Valley  and  the  Eastern 
United  States  (1897);  Tools  of  the  Nation,  Maker 
(1897). 

MERCER,  Hugh,  soldier,   was  born  in  Aber 
deen,  Scotland,   in   1720.     He  was  graduated  in 
medicine  at  the  University  of  Aberdeen  ;  was  an 
assistant   surgeon   in  the  army  at  the  battle  of 
Culloden   in   1745;    immigrated   to    America    in 
1747   and     settled    in 
Pennsylvania    in    17- 
47.     He    served  as  -a 
captain  under  Wash 
ington  in  the  French 
and  Indian  war,  was 
severely  wounded  at 
the   battle  of  Monon- 
gahela,      and     being 
pursued   by  the  Indi 
ans,  he  found  refuge 
in   the     trunk     of  a 
hollow  tree,  and  trav 
elled      alone       more 
than     one      hundred 
miles  to    reach  Fort 
Cumberland.  He 

was  presented  with  a  medal  by  the  corporation 
of  Philadelphia  "  for  his  gallantry  and  military 
skill  proved  in  a  distinguished  degree  by  his  des 
truction  of  the  Indian  settlement  at  Kittaning." 
He  was  promoted  lieutenant-colonel  in  1758,  and 
accompanied  Gen.  John  Forbes  to  Fort  Pitt, 
which  he  commanded  for  several  months.  He 
was  a  physician  at  Fredericksburg,  Va.,  1758-75  ; 
commanded  three  regiments  of  minute  men  in 
1775  ;  became  colonel  of  the  3d  Virginia  regiment 
in  1776,  and  was  engaged  in  organizing  the  troops 
of  Virginia.  He  was  commissioned  brigadier- 
general  in  the  Continental  army  by  congress 
in  1776,  at  the  suggestion  of  General  Washington, 
and  commanded  the  flying  camp.  He  accom 
panied  Washington  in  the  retreat  through  New 
Jersey  and  led  the  attack  on  Trenton,  and 
the  night  march  to  Princeton,  Jan.  3, 1777,  where 
the  American  militia  encountered  three  British 
regiments,  became  confused  and  started  to  re 
treat,  when  General  Mercer  in  rallying  his  broken 
troops  had  his  horse  shot  under  him  and  fell 
wounded  within  the  enemy's  lines.  When  re 
fused  quarter  he  defended  himself  with  his  sword 
until  he  was  completely  overpowered  and  left  for 
dead  on  the  field.  He  was  attended  by  Maj. 
George  Lewis  and  Dr.  Rush  under  a  flag  of  truce, 
removed  to  a  farmhouse  near  by  and  nursed 
until  he  died.  The  St.  Andrew's  society  of  Phil 
adelphia  erected  a  monument  to  his  memory  in 
Laurel  Hill  cemetery,  and  congress  in  1792  pro 
vided  for  the  education  of  his  youngest  son 
Hugh.  Mercer  county,  Ky.,  and  Fort  Mercer, 


MERCER 


MERCER 


N.J., below  Philadelphia, were  named  in  his  honor. 
He  was  married  to  Ann  Gordon,  of  Virginia,  and 
his  sons  John  and  William  never  married  ;  Hugh 
married  Louisa,  daughter  of  CyrusGriffin  (q.v.), 
and  his  daughter  Margaret  married  John  Pattern, 
of  Glasgow,  Scotland.  Gen.  Hugh  Mercer  died 
near  Princeton,  N.J.,  Jan.  12,  1777. 

MERCER,  Hugh  Weedon,  soldier,  was  born 
in  Fredericksburg,  Va..  in  1808  ;  eldest  son  of 
Hugh  and  Louisa  (Griffin)  Mercer,  grandson  of 
Gen.  Hugh  (q.v.)  and  Ann  (Gordon)  Mercer  and 
of  Cyrus  Griffin  (q.v.).  He  was  graduated  at  the 
U.S.  Military  academy,  1828,  third  in  his  class, 
and  was  assigned  to  the  2d  U.S.  artillery  and  com 
missioned  2d  lieutenant.  He  was  at  Fort  Mon 
roe,  1828-29;  Savannah,  Ga.,  1829  ;  Augusta  arsen 
al,  Ga.,  1829  ;  Fort  Mitchell,  Ala.,  1829-30  ;  Savan 
nah,  1830-32 ;  aide-de-camp  to  Gen.  Winfield  Scott 
in  Charleston.  S.C.,  1832-33,  was  promoted  1st 
lieutenant,  Oct.  10, 1834  ;  was  at  Fort  Oglethorpe, 
Ga..  1833-34;  and  at  Savannah,  1834-35.  He  re 
signed  from  the  U.S.  army,  April  30,  1835.  and 
engaged  in  the  banking  business  in  Savannah, 
1841-61.  He  joined  the  Confederate  army  in  1861 
and  in  the  campaign  in  defence  of  Atlanta  he 
commanded  a  brigade  in  Gen.  W.  H.  T.  Walker's 
division,  Hardee's  corps.  When  General  Walker 
was  killed,  July  22,  1864,  lie  succeeded  to  the 
command  of  the  division,  and  on  July  24,  when 
the  division  was  disbanded  Mercer's  brigade  went 
to  Cleburne's  division.  At  the  battle  of  Nashville, 
Dec.  15-16,  1864,  his  brigade  was  in  Lowrey's 
division,  Cheatham's  corps.  He  died  in  Baden 
Baden,  Germany,  June  9,  1877. 

MERCER,  James,  delegate  and  jurist,  was 
born  at  Marlhorough,  Va.,  Feb.  26,  1736  ;  son 
of  John  (q.v.)  and  Catherine  (Mason)  Mercer. 
He  was  graduated  at  the  College  of  William  and 
Mary  about  1755.  He  was  a  captain  in  the 

French  and 
Indian  war 
and  was  in 
command  of 
Fort  Loudoun 
at  Winchester, 
Va.,  in  1756. 
He  was  a  rep 
resentative  in 

COMCRESS   HALL-PHILADELPH.A, PA., 771-1733.  tll6  Virginia 

house  of  burgesses  in  1765,  and  in  the  house  dis 
solved  by  Governor  Dunmore  in  1774  ;  a  member 
of  the  assembly  that  convened  in  August, 
1774  ;  of  the  conventions  of  1775,  and  also  of 
the  Virginia  constitutional  convention  of  May, 
1776.  He  was  also  a  member  of  the  commit 
tee  of  safety  of  1775-76,  which  governed  Vir 
ginia  until  the  inauguration  of  Patrick  Henry, 
and  a  delegate  from  Virginia  to  the  Continen 
tal  congress,  1779-80.  lie  was  appointed  judge 


of  the  General  Court  in  1780,  and  judge  of 
the  Virginia  court  of  appeals  of  five  judges 
in  1789,  and  filled  this  orh'ce  until  his  death. 
He  was  married,  June  4,  1772,  to  Eleanor,  daugh 
ter  of  Maj.  Alexander  Dick,  of  Fredericks 
burg,  Va.  His  children  were  :  John  Fenton, 
Mary  Eleanor  Dick,  who  married  her  first  cousin, 
James  Mercer  Garnett  (q.v.),  and  Charles  Fenton. 
Neither  of  his  sons  married.  He  was  president 
of  the  board  of  trustees  of  Fredericksburg  acad 
emy,  and  a  letter  from  him  to  Richard  Henry 
Lee,  notifying  Lee  to  attend  a  meeting  of  the 
board,  is  among  the  Lee  papers  in  the  library  of 
the  University  of  Virginia.  He  drew  the  will  of 
Mary  Washington,  mother  of  George  Washington, 
and  \va-s  a  witness  to  her  signature.  He  died, 
while  in  attendance  upon  the  court  of  appeals, 
in  Richmond,  Va.,  Oct.  31,  1793. 

MERCER,  Jesse,  clergyman,  was  born  in  Hali 
fax  county,  N.C.,  Dec.  16,  1769;  son  of  the  Rev. 
Silas  Mercer  born  1745.  His  parents  removed  to 
Georgia  in  1775,  and  settled  in  Wilkes  county, 
but  returned  to  North  Carolina  at  the  outbreak 
of  the  Revolution,  where  he  remained  until  1783, 
when  he  once  more  settled  in  Georgia.  He  was 
almost  wholly  self-educated,  and  was  received  in 
the  Baptist  church 
in  1787.  He  was 
married,  Jan.  31. 

1788,  to       Sabrina 
Chivers,     and      was 
ordained,     Nov.     7, 

1789,  by    the    Rev. 
Silas  Mercer  and  the 
Rev.  Sanders  Walk 
er.    He  was  pastor  of 
churches  in  Greene, 
Oglethorpe,  Wilkes, 
Hancock    and    Put 
nam  counties,  1789- 
1840,  during   which 
time    he     travelled 
extensively  through 
out  the  state.       He 

was  also  the  leader  of  a  political  party  in  Wilkes 
county,  and  was  sent  by  them  as  a  delegate  to 
the  state  constitutional  convention  in  1798.  He 
was  president  of  the  general  Baptist  missionary 
convention,  1816,  and  represented  the  board  in 
the  general  conventions  of  1820  and  1826.  He 
was  for  a  time  corresponding  secretary  of  the 
board  of  trustees  of  the  co-operating  Baptist  as 
sociations  for  instructing  and  evangelizing  the 
Creek  Indians.  He  organized  the  general  com 
mittee  of  the  Georgia  Baptists,  which  resulted  in 
the  Georgia  Baptist  convention,  and  was  presi 
dent  of  the  convention  for  eighteen  consecutive 
years,  and  presiding  officer  of  the  Georgia  associa 
tion  up  to  the  time  of  his  death.  He  was  influ- 
[446] 


MERCER 


MERCER 


ential  in  establishing  Mount  Emm  academy  in 
Richmond  county  in  1807,  and  was  one  of  the 
founders  of  Mercer  Institute,  Penfield,  Greene 
countv,  in  1833,  named  in  his  honor,  which  be 
came  Mercer  university  in  1837,  and  was  removed 
to  Macon  in  1870.  He  gave  the  sum  of  $40.000  to 
the  university  during  his  life  and  by  will,  and 
served  as  a  trustee,  1838-41 .  1  le  gave  about  $25,000 
to  other  religious  and  educational  institutions, 
among  them  Columbian  college,  Washington, 
D.C.  He  received  the  honorary  degree  D.D.  from 
Brown  university  in  1835.  He  edited  the  Chris 
tian  Index,  the  first  Baptist  newspaper  published 
in  Georgia,  which  he  purchased  of  Dr.  W.  T. 
Brantly,  of  Philadelphia,  in  1833.  and  established 
at  his  home  in  Washington,  Ga.,  and  in  1840 
lie  gave  it  to  the  Georgia  Baptist  Convention. 
He  collected  a  volume  of  hymns  entitled  Mercer's 
Cluster,  and  is  the  author  of :  History  of  the 
Georgia  Baptist  Association  (1836) .  He  died  in 
Washington.  Ga.,  Sept.  G,  1841. 

MERCER,  John,  author  of  "  Laws  of  Virginia." 
was  born  in  Church  street,  Dublin,  Ireland,  Feb. 
(5,  1704  ;  son  of  John  and  Grace  (Fenton)  Mercer  ; 
grandson  of  Robert  and  Elinor  (Reynolds)  Mercer, 
and  great-grandson  of  Noel  and  Ann  (Smith) 
Mercer,  of  Chester,  England.  He  settled  in  Staf 
ford  county,  Va.,  where  he  was  a  lawyer  by  pro 
fession  and  secretary  of  the  Ohio  compan\r.  He 
was  a  vestryman  of  Acquia  church,  Stafford 
county,  Va.  He  was  first  married,  June  10. 1725, 
to  Catherine,  only  daughter  of  Col.  George  Mason 
of  Stafford  county,  and  aunt  of  George  Mason 
(q.v.),  and  secondly,  on  Nov.  10,  1750,  to  Ann, 
daughter  of  Col.  Mungo  Roy,  of  Essex  county, 
Va.  He  bad  ten  children  by  his  first,  and  nine 
by  his  second,  wife.  He  was  a  large  landed  pro 
prietor,  resided  at  Marl  borough,  Stafford  county, 
Va.,  and  was  the  founder  of  one  branch  of  the 
Mercer  family  of  Virginia.  He  was  designated 
as  "  John  Mercer  of  Marl  borough."  He  was  the 
author  of  :  An  Abridgment  of  the  Laws  of  Vir 
ginia  (1737),  its  title  page  reading:  An  Exact 
Abridgment  of  all  the  Public  Acts  of  Assembly  of 
Virginia  in  Force  and  Use,  Together  with  Sundry 
Precedents  Adapted  thereto  and  Proper  Tables,  by 
John  Mercer,  Gent.  Williamsburg :  -Printed  by 
William  Parks,  MDCCXXXVIL  Another  edition 
published  in  Glasgow,  Scotland,  1759,  brought  it 
down  to  Jan.  1,  1758.  He  was  also  the  author  of 
the  first  tract  published  in  Virginia  in  opposition 
to  the  Stamp  Act.  He  died  at  Marlborough,  Va., 
Oct.  14,  1768. 

MERCER,  John  Francis,  governor  of  Mary 
land,  was  born  at  Marlborough,  Stafford  county, 
Va.,  May  17,  1759;  son  of  John  (q.v.)  and  Ann 
(Roy)  Mercer.  He  was  graduated  at  the  College 
of  William  and  Mary  in  1775,  entered  the  Revolu 
tionary  army  as  lieutenant  in  the  3d  Virginia 


oup 


STATE  HOUSC 

-      A/VAIAPOLIS. 

1783  -  I7S4. 


regiment,  Feb.  2(5,  177C,  arid  was  wounded  at  the 
battle  of  the  Brandywine,  Sept.  11,  1777.  He 
was  promoted  captain  in  the  3d  Virginia  regiment 
in  September,  1777,  to  rank  from  June  27,  1777, 
and  was  aide-de-camp  to  Gen.  Charles  Lee,  1778- 
79.  After  the 
battle  of  Mon- 
niouth  he  re 
signed  from  the 
army  through 
his  sympathy  , 

for  General  Lee. 
He  returned  to 
Virginia,  where 
he  recruited 
and  equipped  at 
his  own  expense ' 
a  troop  of  cav 
alry  of  which 
he  was  commis 
sioned  lieutenant-colonel  in  October,  1780.  He 
joined  Gen.  Robert  Lawson's  brigade  and  served 
at  Guilford,  N.C.  When  Lawson's  brigade  dis 
banded,  he  attached  his  command  to  Lafayette's 
army  and  served  until  after  the  surrender  at 
Yorktown.  He  studied  law  directed  by  Thomas 
Jefferson,  resided  on  his  estate  •'  Marlboro'  "  on 
the  Potomac,  and  was  a  delegate  from  Virginia 
to  the  Continental  congress,  1782-85.  He  removed 
to  his  wife's  estate  *'  Cedar  Park,"  West  River, 
Arundel  county,  Md..  in  1785,  and  was  a  delegate 
from  Maryland  to  the  convention  that  framed 
the  Federal  constitution  in  1787,  but  with  George 
Mason  of  Virginia,  Luther  Martin  of  Maryland, 
and  others,  he  refused  to  sign  the  instrument  as 
framed  on  account  of  its  consolidation  tendencies. 
He  was  a  representative  in  the  Maryland  legisla 
ture  for  several  sessions  ;  a  representative  in  the 
2d  congress  to  fill  the  unexpired  term  of  William 
Pinkney,  resigned,  and  to  the  3d  congress,  his 
service  in  congress  extending  from  Feb.  6,  1792, 
to  April  13,  1794,  when  he  resigned.  He  was 
elected  governor  of  Maryland,  Nov.  9,  1801,  by 
the  Democratic  party  and  served  one  year,  after 
which  he  was  again  a  representative  in  the  state 
legislature.  He  was  married,  Feb.  3,  1785,  to 
Sophia,  daughter  of  Richard  and  Margaret  (Caile) 
Sprigg,  of  West  River,  Md.  Their  daughter, 
Margaret  (1791-184(5),  known  as  the  "Hannah 
More  of  America,"  freed  the  slaves  she  inherited, 
became  a  teacher,  and  converted  "Cedar  Park'' 
into  a  school  for  girls  which  she  conducted  for 
over  ten  years,  then  removed  to  Franklin,  near 
Baltimore,  and  afterward  to  Belmont,  near 
Leesburg.  Va.,  where  she  died.  His  grandson, 
William  Roy  Mercer,  son  of  John,  was  living  in 
Doylestown,  Pa.,  in  1902.  Governor  Mercer  died 
in  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  while  under  medical  treat 
ment,  Aug.  30,  1821. 

[447] 


MERCUR 


MEREDITH 


MERCUR,  James,  soldier,  was  born  in 
Towanda,  Pa.,  Nov.  23,  1842.  He  was  graduated 
from  the  U.S.  Military  academy  and  promoted 
3d  lieutenant  in  the  corps  of  engineers,  June  18, 

1866  ;    was    promoted    1st    lieutenant,  March   7, 

1867  ;  was  assistant  professor  of  natural  and  ex 
perimental     philosophy     at     the    U.S.    Military 
academy,  1867-70.  and  principal  assistant,  1870-72. 
He   was  promoted  captain,   Dec.  9,  1873;  served 
as  assistant  engineer  to  Lieut. -Col.  John  Newton, 
in   improving    navigation    at   Hell    Gate,    N.Y. , 
1876-81,  and  during  Newton's  absence  in  Europe, 
April  to  August,  1877,  had  charge  of  all  military 
and  civil  works  under  his  supervision.     He  was 
the  recorder  of  the  board  of  engineers  on  the  im 
provement  of  Charleston  harbor,    S.C.,  1878-81, 
and  was  charged  with  river,  harbor  and  channel 
improvements,   defensive  works  and  surveys  in 
Virginia,   North   and   South   Carolina   and   New 
York,  1881-84.      He  was   professor  of  civil  and 
military      engineering      in    the     U.S.     Military 
academy  from  Sept.  29,  1884,  until  his  death.    He 
served  as  advisory  engineer  to  the  health  board 
in  June.  1881,  and  to  the  harbor  commissioners 
of  the  James  river  in  Virginia,  1881-84.     He  re 
vised  and  enlarged  Mahan's  "  Permanent  Fortifi 
cations  "  (1887).  and  is  the  author  of  :  Elements  of 
the    Art    of    War   (1888),  and    Military    Mines, 
Blasting  and  Demolition    (1892).       He    died  at 
West  Point,  N.Y..  April  22,  1896. 

MERCUR,  Ulysses,  jurist,  was  born  in 
Towanda,  Pa.,  Aug.  12,  1818;  son  of  Henry  and 
Mary  (Watts)  Mercur.  He  was  graduated  at 
Jefferson  college.  Canonsburg,  Pa.,  in  1842,  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1843,  and  practised  in 
Towanda.  He  was  married,  Jan.  12,  1850,  to 
Sarah  S.,  daughter  of  John  Davis.  He  was  a 
Lincoln  and  Hamlin  presidential  elector  in  1860, 
and  was  appointed  president  judge  of  the  thir 
teenth  judicial  district  of  Pennsylvania  in  March, 
1861.  on  the  resignation  of  David  Wilmot,  elected 
to  the  U.S.  senate.  He  was  elected  in  December, 
1861,  for  a  term  of  ten  years,  but  resigned,  March 
4,  1863.  He  was  a  Republican  representative 
in  the  39th.  40th,  41st,  and  42d  congresses,  1865- 
72.  resigning  Dec.  2.  1872,  to  return  to  the 
bench,  where  he  served  as  associate  justice  of  the 
supreme  court,  1872-83,  arid  as  chief-justice, 
1883-87.  He  married  a  daughter  of  Gen.  John 
Davis,  and  his  sons  Rodney,  James  Watts  and 
Ulysses  became  lawyers,  and  John  D.  a  phy 
sician.  His  judicial  opinions  were  published  in 
the  Pennsylvania  reports  (1873-87).  He  died  in 
Wallingford.  Pa..  June  6,  1887. 

MEREDITH,  Samuel,  delegate,  was  born  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.,  in  1741  :  son  of  Riese  and 
Martha  (Carpenter)  Meredith  ;  grandson  of  John 
Carpenter,  and  great  grandson  of  Samuel  Car 
penter,  provincial  treasurer  of  Pennsylvania. 


Riese  Meredith,  a  native  of  Radnorshire,  Wales, 
settled  in  Philadelphia  and  became  an  influential 
merchant.  Samuel  attended  Dr.  Allison's  acade 
my  in  Philadelphia,  and  became  a  partner  in 
business  with  his  father  and  his  brother-in-law, 
George  Clymer 
(q.v.).  In  1776 
he  enlisted  in 
the  3d  battal 
ion  of  Associa-  .  ,';';'.  .  . 
tors  as  major  Ja'J 
and  was  pro 
moted  lieuten 
ant-colonel  in 

December,  1776.  He  took  part  in  the  battle  of 
Princeton,  was  promoted  brigadier-general  of 
Pennsylvania  militia,  April  5,  1777,  for  gallant 
services,  and  served  as  such  in  the  battles  of  Bran 
dy  wine  and  Germzintown.  He  resigned  from  the 
army  in  1778,  and  was  exiled  from  Philadelphia 
during  its  occupation  by  the  British.  He  and 
George  Clymer,  the  signer,  contributed  £10,000 
each,  in  silver,  to  carry  on  the  war.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  Pennsylvania  assembly  for  several 
years,  and  was  a  delegate  from  Philadelphia  to  the 
Continental  congress,  1787-88.  He  was  appointed 
U.S.  treasurer  by  President  Washington,  on  the 
organization  of  the  Federal  government  in  1789, 
and  held  the  office  until  1801,  when  he  resigned 
and  retired  to  his  country  seat  "  Belmont,''  near 
Mt.  Pleasant,  Wayne  county,  Pa.,  where  he 
owned  73,000  acres  of  land  in  Wayne  and  con 
tiguous  counties.  The  first  money  paid  into  the 
U.S.  treasury  was  $20,000  loaned  by  him  to  the 
government.  He  afterward  advanced  $120,000 
to  the  treasury,  and  was  never  reimbursed. 
With  his  brother-in-law,  George  Clymer.  he 
owned  nearly  1,000,000  acres  of  land  in  Penn 
sylvania,  New  York,  Virginia  and  Kentucky. 
He  was  married  to  Margaret,  daughter  of  Dr. 
Thomas  Cadwalader  (q.v.).  He  died  at  Belmont, 
Wayne  county,  Pa.,  March  10,  1817. 

MEREDITH,  Solomon,  soldier,  was  born  in 
Guilford  county,  N.C.,  May  29,  1810.  He  re 
moved  to  Wayne  county,  Ind.,  in  1829,  where  he 
engaged  as  a  farm  laborer,  and  at  intervals  at 
tended  the  district  school.  He  was  sheriff  of 
Wayne  county,  1834-38,  and  engaged  in  mercan 
tile  business  in  Milton  and  in  Cambridge  City, 
Ind.,  1838-43.  He  removed  to  Oakland  Farm  in 
1843,  and  engaged  in  farming  and  in  importing 
and  raising  live  stock.  He  represented  Wayne 
county  in  the  Indiana  legislature,  1846-48  and 
1854-56  ;  was  U.S.  marshal  for  the  district  of 
Indiana,  1849-53  ;  a  director  and  financial  agent 
of  the  Indiana  Central  railroad,  1854-59,  and  sub 
sequently  president  of  the  Cincinnati  and  Chicago 
railroad  company.  He  was  clerk  of  the  courts  of 
Wayne  county,  1859-61,  was  colonel  of  the  19th 


[448| 


MEREDITH 


MEREDITH 


Indiana  volunteers  1861-62,  and  was  wounded  at 
Second  Bull  Run,  where  he  commanded  his  regi 
ment.  He  also  commanded  his  regiment  at 
Sharpsburg  and  Antietarn,  was  promoted  briga 
dier-general,  Oct.  6,  1862,  and  commanded  the 
"Iron  Brigade"  at  Fmlericksburg,  Chancellors- 
ville  and  Gettysburg.  He  was  severely  wounded 
at  Gettysburg,  and  on  his  return  to  the  field 
in  November,  1863,  was  assigned  to  the  com 
mand  of  the  1st  division,  1st  army  corps,  but  was 
soon  forced  to  abandon  it  on  account  of  failing 
health.  He  commanded  the  military  post  of 
Cairo,  111.,  1864,  and  the  district  of  Western  Ken 
tucky,  1864-65.  being  honorably  mustered  out, 
May  28,  1865.  He  was  brevetted  major-general 
of  volunteers,  Aug.  14,  1865  ;  was  U.S.  assessor  of 
internal  revenue  for  his  district,  1866-67  ;  sur 
veyor-general  of  Montana  Territory,  1867-69,  and 
then  retired  to  his  farm.  He  was  a  delegate  to 
the  Whig  national  conventions  of  1840  and  1848, 
and  to  the  Republican  national  conventions  of 
1856  and  1860.  He  was  president  of  the  state 
agricultural  board,  vice-president  of  the  Agri 
cultural  society  of  Wayne  county,  a  trustee  of 
Cambridge  seminary,  and  a  member  of  the  board 
of  directors  of  Whitewater  canal.  He  was 
married,  March  17,  1835,  to  Anna  Hannah,  of 
Brownsville,  Pa.  Their  three  sons,  Samuel  H., 
David  M.  and  Henry  C.  Meredith,  served  in  the 
Union  army  during  the  civil  war,  and  the  two 
elder  lost  their  lives  in  the  service.  He  died 
in  Cambridge  City,  Ind.,  Oct.  21,  1875. 

MEREDITH,  William  Morris,  lawyer  and  cab 
inet  officer,  was  born  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  June 
8,  1799  ;  son  of  William  and  Gertrude  Gouverneur 
(Ogden)  Meredith.  His  father  was  president  of 
the  Schuylkill  bank, 
and  for  several  years 
solicitor  of  the  city 
of  Philadelphia.  He 
was  graduated  at  the 
University  of  Penn 
sylvania,  valedictor 
ian,  A.B.,  1812,  A.M., 
1816,  and  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar, 
Dec.  10,  1817,  al 
though  but  eighteen 
years  old.  He  set 
tled  in  practice  in 
Philadelphia,  but  was 
not  favored  with  a 
case  for  several  years 
He  spent  the  time  in  study, 
and  represented  Philadelphia  in  the  state  legis 
lature,  1824-28.  He  made  his  first  success  at  the 
bar  in  1832,  in  connection  with  John  Sergeant 
and  Horace  Binney,  with  whom  lie  was  asso 
ciated  in  the  Girard  will  case.  He  was  also 


owing  to  his  youth. 


interested  in  the  case  of  the  Commonwealth  vs. 
Alburger,  involving  the  right  to  a  burial-place 
in  Franklin  square,  where  the  German  Reformed 
church  had  a  cemetery  secured  to  them  by  the  de 
scendants  of  William  Penn,  notwithstanding  the 
fact  that  Penn  had  dedicated  this  tract  of  land 
'•to  be  kept  a  green  forever."  This  was  an 
old  case  and  had  baffled  many  lawyers,  but  when 
Mr.  Meredith  proposed  that  they  prosecute  the 
officers  of  the  church  for  maintaining  a  nuisance, 
a  favorable  verdict  was  given  for  the  common 
wealth,  which  was  affirmed  by  the  supreme 
court.  He  was  president  of  the  select  council  of 
Philadelphia,  1834-49;  a  member  of  the  state 
constitutional  convention  in  1837  ;  an  unsuccess 
ful  candidate  for  the  U.S.  senate  in  1845.  He 
was  appointed  secretary  of  the  treasury  by  Presi 
dent  Taylor  in  1849,  and  served  until  the  Presi 
dent's  death  in  July,  1850,  when  he  resumed  his 
law  practice  in  Philadelphia.  He  was  vice- 
provost  of  the  law  academy,  Philadelphia,  1836- 
37  ;  chancellor  of  the  law  association,  1857-73  ;  a 
delegate  to  the  peace  convention  of  1861  ;  attor 
ney-general  of  Pennsylvania,  1861-67,  and  was 
appointed  senior  counsel  of  the  United  States  at 
the  Geneva  tribunal  for  the  arbitration  of  the 
Alabama  claims,  which  met  Dec.  15,  1871.  and 
he  assisted  in  preparing  the  case  for  arbitration, 
but  resigned  soon  after,  not  caring  to  pass  the 
winter  in  Europe.  He  was  president  of  the 
state  constitutional  convention  of  1873  ;  a  trustee 
of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1842-59,  and 
was  a  member  of  the  American  Philosophical 
society,  1837-73.  He  married  Catherine,  daugh 
ter  of  Michael  and  Catherine  (Caldwell)  Keppele. 
He  died  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Aug.  17,  1873. 

MEREDITH,  William  Morton,  printer,  was 
born  in  Centerville,  Ind.,  April  11,  1835;  son  of 
Samuel  Caldwell  and  Margaret  (Ballard)  Mere 
dith  ;  grandson  of  John  Luff  Meredith,  a  Revolu 
tionary  soldier,  and  a  descendant  from  Luff 
Meredith  whose  father  emigrated  from  Radnor, 
Wales.  After  attending  the  common  school  and 
passing  one  year  at  Whitewater  college  he  worked 
in  his  father's  printing  office  and  finished  his 
trade  on  the  Indianapolis  Journal.  He  be 
came  a  member  of  the  Typographical  Union  ; 
was  employed  in  the  Journal  office,  was  presi 
dent  of  the  Indianapolis  Typographical  Union, 
No.  1,  and  a  representative  in  the  national  body 
at  Nashville,  1860,  and  at  Philadelphia,  1865. 
He  was  made  captain  of  Company  E,  70th  Indi 
ana  volunteers  in  1861,  and  served  with  distinc 
tion  during  the  war.  He  worked  at  his  trade  in 
St.  Louis.  Keokuk,  Philadelphia,  Cincinnati,  and 
other  'cities  for  brief  periods,  1865-68,  and  was 
again  employed  on  the  Indianapolis  Journal,  of 
which  office  he  became  foreman  in  1869.  In 
1872-75  he  held  a  similar  position  on  the  St.  Louis 


[449J 


MERGENTHALER 


Democrat,  and  in  1874,  upon  the  consolidation  of 
the  Globe  mid  Democrat,  he  accepted  a  position 
with  the  Western  Bank  Note  company  of 
Chicago,  and  was  employed  there  until  July  1, 

1889,  when  he  was  appointed  by  Secretary  Win- 
dom,  chief  of  the  bureau  of  engraving  and  print 
ing,  which    position   he  held  until   July  1,   181)3, 
when  he  resumed    his  position  with  the  Western 
Bank   Note    company.      On    Nov.    23,    1900,    he 
was    re-appointed    director    of    the    bureau     of 
engraving  and  printing. 

MERGENTHALER,  Ottmar,  inventor,  was 
born  in  Wiirtemburg,  Germany,  May  11,  1854. 
He  received  his  education  at  a  school  conducted 
by  his  father,  and  was  apprenticed  to  a  watch 
maker  at  an  early  age.  He  immigrated  to  the 
United  States  in  1§72,  to  escape  service  in  the 
German  army,  and  engaged  in  the  making  of 
electrical  clocks  and  meteorological  instruments 
used  by  the  Weather  bureau.  This  business  was 
removed  to  Baltimore,  and  about  1876  he  was 
constructing  experimental  machines,  the  inven 
tion  of  Mr.  Charles  T.  Moore,  for  producing  jus 
tified  printed  matter 
without  the  use  of 
type,  the  first  to  make 
lithographic  origin 
als,  and  later  ones  to 
make  stereotype  ma 
trices  of  papier  ma- 
che.  Although  these 
machines  and  pro 
cesses  bordered  on 
commercial  success 
they  never  reached  it. 
In  1883  Mr.  Mergen- 
thaler  started  in  busi 
ness  for  himself  in 
Bank  lane,  Balti 
more,  and  thereafter 
conceived  the  idea  of  assembling  (by  touching 
finger-keys  on  a  machine)  brass  matrices  con 
taining  the  required  characters  and  spaces  to 
make  a  justified  line  of  matter.  A  cast  in  type- 
metal  was  automatically  taken  from  these  mat 
rices,  which  was  the  equivalent  of  and  used  as 
a  solid  justified  line  of  type.  This  plan  overcame 
all  the  inherent  defects  of  the  previous  ones. 
He  made  successively  three  different  machines 
of  this  type,  and  the  last  one,  finished  about 

1890,  was   practically  the   same  as  the  standard 
linotype  machine   used  in   1902  the  world  over. 
The  staid  art  of  printing  which  for  over  400  years 
had  depended  upon  individual  movable  type  was 
revolutionized.     He  received  during  his  lifetime 
over  $1,500.000  in  royalties,  and  was  awarded  the 
Cresson  medal  by  the  Franklin  institute,  Phila 
delphia.  Pa.      He  died  at  his  home  in   Baltimore, 
Md.,  Oct.  28,  1899. 


MERIWETHER,  Colyer,  educator,  was  born 
at  Clark's  Hill.  S.C.  ;  son  of  Nicholas  and  Emily 
(Collier)  Meriwether  ;  grandson  of  Thomas  and 
Margaret  (Barksdale)  Meriwether  and  of  Hillary 
Mosely  and  Frances  ((juarles)  Collier,  and  a  de 
scendant  of  William  Meriwether  (born  1751)  and 
of  Joseph  Collier  (born  1749).  He  attended  Fur- 
man  university,  Greenville,  S.C.,  and  Vanderbilt 
university,  Nashville,  Tenn..  and  was  graduated 
from  Johns  Hopkins  university.  A.B.,  1886.  Ph.D., 
1893.  He  was  in  the  employ  of  the  educational 
department  of  the  Japanese  government  in 
Sendai,  Japan,  1889-92.  He  was  married,  in 
1893,  to  Elizabeth  S.  Quynn.  of  Frederick.  Md. 
He  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Asiatic 
society  of  Japan  and  of  the  American  Historical 
association,  and  secretary  and  treasurer  of  the 
Southern  History  association.  Washington, 
D.C.  He  is  the  author  of:  History  of  Higher 
Education  in,  South  Carolina  (1889):  Date 
Masamune  and  Jtis  Embassy  to  Rome;  Asiatic 
Society  of  Japan  (1892),  and  articles  in  leading 
periodicals. 

MERIWETHER,  David,  representative,  was 
born  in  Virginia  in  1755.  He  joined  the  J4th 
Virginia  regiment,  Nov.  14.  1776,  for  service  in 
the  Revolutionary  war.  He  was  promoted  2d 
lieutenant,  Dec.  28,  1777,  served  in  New  Jersey, 
and  after  Sept.  14,  1778,  his  regiment  was  desig 
nated  as  the  10th  Virginia.  He  was  promoted 
1st  lieutenant,  May  7,  1779,  and  served  in  the 
siege  of  Savannah,  where  he  was  taken  prisoner, 
Oct.  9.  1779.  He  was  exchanged  and  was  again 
taken  prisoner  at  Charleston,  S.C.,  May  12.  1780. 
On  his  release  he  was  transferred  to  the  1st  Vir 
ginia,  Feb.  12,  1781,  where  he  served  till  the  close 
of  the  war.  He  settled  in  W7ilkes  county.  Ga., 
in  1785,  and  represented  that  county  in  the 
Georgia  legislature  for  several  terms.  lie  was 
elected  a  Democratic  representative  in  the  7th 
congress  to  fill  the  vacancy  caused  by  the  death 
of  Benjamin  Taliaferro,  Sept.  3,  1821,  and  was 
re-elected  to  the  8th  and  9th  congresses,  serving 
1802-07.  President  Jefferson  appointed  him  a 
commissioner  to  treat  with  the  Creek  Indians  in 
1804,  and  he  was  a  commissioner  with  .Andrew 
Jackson  and  Gov.  Joseph  McMinn.  of  Kentucky, 
in  the  Cherokee  treat}'  of  1817,  whereby  a  large 
territory  west  of  the  Appalachee  river  was  ceded 
to  the  United  States.  He  died  near  Athens,  Oa., 
Nov.  16.  1822. 

MERIWETHER,  David,  senator,  was  born  in 
Louisa  county,  Va..  Oct.  30.  1800.  He  removed 
to  Kentucky  with  his  parents  in  childhood,  en 
tered  the  employ  of  the  American  Fur  company 
in  1818,  and  in  1819  was  sent  with  a  party  of 
Pawnee  Indians  to  open  trade  with  New  Mexico. 
The  party  was  attacked  by  Mexican  troops,  most 
of  the  Indians  were  killed  and  he  was  captured 


[450] 


MERIWETHER 


MERRIAM 


and  taken  to  Santa  Fe,  where  he  was  accused  of 
being  an  American  spy  and  imprisoned  in  the 
governor's  palace  for  a  month.  In  1821  he  re 
signed  his  position  with  the  American  Fur  com 
pany,  worked  on  his  father's  farm,  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  and  practised  law  in  Kentucky  ;  was  a 
Democratic  representative  in  the  Kentucky  legis 
lature  thirteen  terms  ;  a  member  of  the  Kentucky 
constitutional  convention  of  1849,  and  was  ap 
pointed  by  Governor  Powell  U.S.  senator  to  fill 
the  vacancy  caused  by  the  deatli  of  Henry  Clay, 
and  served  from  July  15  to  Dec.  20,  1852.  He 
was  appointed  governor  of  New  Mexico  in  1853 
by  President  Pierce,  and  occupied  the  palace 
where  he  had  been  imprisoned.  At  the  close  of 
Pierce's  administration,  he  returned  to  Kentucky 
and  was  a  representative  in  the  Kentucky  legis 
lature.  1858-85,  and  speaker  of  the  house  in  1859. 
He  died  near  Louisville,  Ky. ,  April  4,  1893. 

MERIWETHER,  Lee,  social  reformer,  was 
born  in  Columbus,  Miss.,  Dec.  25,  1802  ;  son  of 
Minor  and  Elizabeth  (A very)  Meriwether.  His 
father  was  a  lawyer  and  his  mother  the  author  of 
"The  Master  of  Red  Leaf,"  "  Black  and  White," 
"The  Ku  Klux  Klan,"  "My  First  and  Last 
Love,"  and  other  books.  He  was  educated  in 
the  public  schools  of  Memphis,  Tenn.,  to  which 
place  he  had  removed  with  his  parents  in  child 
hood,  and  in  1880  established  with  his  bi'other, 
Avery  Meriwether,  the  Free  Trader  at  Memphis, 
which  they  conducted  until  1883.  In  1885-86  he 
visited  Europe,  and  toured  the  country  from 
Gibraltar  to  the  Bosphorus  on  foot  for  the  pur 
pose  of  studying  the  condition  of  workingmen 
and  the  effect  of  the  protective  tariff.  He  was 
appointed  by  Secretary  of  the  Interior  Lamar 
to  write  a  report  on  the  "  Condition  of  European 
Labor,"  which  was  published  in  the  annual  re 
port  of  the  U.S.  bureau  of  labor  in  1886.  He 
served  as  a  special  agent  of  the  U.S.  interior  de 
partment,  1886-89,  and  was  employed  in  collect 
ing  data  concerning  labor  in  the  United  States 
and  Hawaiian  Islands,  and  in  1891  in  visiting  the 
island  prisons  of  the  Mediterranean.  He  studied 
law  in  the  office  of  his  father  at  St.  Louis,  Mo., 
1890-91  ;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1892,  and 
settled  in  practice  in  St.  Louis  in  1893.  He  was 
labor  commissioner  of  Missouri,  1889-90,  and 
again.  1895-96.  He  was  married,  Dec.  4,  1895,  to 
Jessie,  daughter  of  A.  F.  Gair,  of  Brooklyn,  N.Y. 
He  was  the  unsuccessful  Democratic  candidate 
for  mayor  of  St.  Louis  in  1897,  and  in  1901  he 
was  the  candidate  of  the  Public  Ownership  party 
for  the  otHce.  He  claimed  to  have  been  counted 
out  by  means  of  a  partisan  election  law,  and 
he  was  credited  witli  31,000  votes,  as  against 
33,000  for  the  Republican  nominee.  He  is  the 
author  of  :  A  Tramp  Trip  :  How  to  See  Europe  on 
Fifty  Cents  a  Day  (1887);  Afloat  and  Ashore  on 


the  Mediterranean;  The  Tramp  at  Home;  A 
Lord's  CourtsJtij) ;  An  American  King;  Miss 
Chunk,  and  various  reports. 

MERRELL,  Edward  Huntingdon,  educator, 
was  born  at  New  Hartford,  N.Y.,  April  15,  1835  ; 
son  of  Hiram  H.  and  Maria  (Nichols)  Merrell  ; 
grandson  of  Jacob  and  Annie  Merrell  and  of  John 
and  Elizabeth  (York)  Nichols,  and  a  descendant 
of  the  Merrells  of  West  Hartford,  Conn.  He 
prepared  for  college  at  Whitestown  seminary  ; 
was  graduated  at  Oberlin  college,  Ohio,  A.B., 
1859,  A.M.,  1862,  and  B.D.,  1863.  He  was  prin 
cipal  of  the  Hartford  high  school  near  Oberlin, 
1859-61  ;  tutor  in  Latin  and  Greek  in  Oberlin 
academy.  1861-62  ;  principal  of  the  preparatory 
department  of  Ripon  college,  Wis.,  1862-63  ;  pro 
fessor  of  Greek,  1863-69,  and  of  Greek  language 
and  literature  there,  1869-76.  He  was  acting 
president  of  the  college,  1875-76,  and  in  1876  be 
came  president  and  professor  of  mental  and  moral 
science.  He  voluntarily  resigned  the  presidency 
in  1891.  and  devoted  himself  to  his  professorship. 
He  was  influential  in  placing  Ripon  college  on  a 
firm  foundation  with  a  large  endowment.  He 


RlPOAl     COLLECE  -WiS<OA; SIAI. 

was  ordained  to  the  Congregational  ministry  in 
1869,  and  held  pastorates  at  West  Rosendale  and 
Princeton,  Wis.  He  was  married,  Sept.  7,  1863, 
to  Julia  Hosford.  daughter  of  William  Hosford.  of 
Olivet,  Mich.,  and  on  July  7,  1880,  to  Ada, 
daughter  of  George  M.  Clark,  of  Covington,  Ky. 
He  received  the  degree  of  D.D.  from  Lawrence 
university  in  1877,  and  that  of  LL.D.  from  Middle- 
bury  college  in  1892.  He  is  the  author  of  fre 
quent  contributions  to  periodicals,  and  became 
editor  of  The  Advance,  Chicago,  in  1901,  having 
for  several  years  previous  been  an  editorial  con 
tributor.  He  published  :  An.  Historical  SketcJi 
of  Ripon  College,  and  other  pamphlets. 

MERRIAM,  Augustus  Chapman,  educator, 
was  born  at  Locust  Grove,  Lewis  county,  N.Y., 
May  30,  1843.  He  was  graduated  at  Columbia 
college.  A.B.,  1866,  A.M.,  1869  ;  was  a  teacher  in 
Columbia  grammar  school,  1867-68  ;  tutor  in 
Columbia  college,  1868-80  :  adjunct  professor  of 
the  Greek  language  and  literature,  1880-89,  and 
professor  of  Greek  archaeology  and  epigraphy, 
1889-95.  He  was  also  the  senior  active  professor 


[451] 


MERRIAM 


MERRIAM 


in  the  school  of  philosophy,  and  one  of  the  senior 
instructors  in  the  school  of  arts.  He  was  the 
director  of  the  American  School  of  Classical 
Studies  at  Athens,  Greece.  1887-88.  and  as  such 
superintended  the  excavations  at  Sicyon  and 
Icaria,  and  succeeded  in  locating  the  much-dis 
puted  birthplace  of  Thespis  at  Icaria.  He  also 
carried  on  excavations  in  the  theatre  of  Sicyon, 
and  in  his  investigations  discovered  many  valuable 
pieces  of  sculpture  and  inscriptions,  including  an 
important  statue.  In  1883  he  discovered  several 
errors  in  the  Greek  and  Latin  inscriptions  placed 
on  the  restored  bronze  crabs  under  the  obelisk  in 
Central  Park,  which  were  afterward  corrected. 
He  was  president  of  the  American  Philological 
association,  1886-87,  and  of  the  New  York  Society 
of  the  Archaeological  Institute  of  America,  1891- 
94.  He  received  the  degree  Ph.D.  from  Hamilton 
college  in  1879.  He  was  an  associate  editor  of  the 
American  Journal  of  Archaeology,  edited  the 
papers  of  the  American  School  of  Classical 
Studies  at  Athens,  contributed  to  the  American 
Journal  of  Philology,  the  American  Journal  of 
Archaeology,  and  to  editions  of  the  Odyssey  and 
Herodotus,  and  is  the  author  of  :  TJie  Greek  and 
Latin  Inscriptions  on  the  Obelisk  Crab  in  Central 
Park  (1883),  and  The  Laiv  Code  of  Gortyna  in 
Crete:  Text,  Translation  and  Comment  (1886). 
He  died  in  Athens,  Greece,  Jan.  19,  1895. 

MERRIAM,  Charles,  publisher,  was  born  in 
West  Brookfield,  Mass.,  Nov.  21,  1806  ;  son  of 
Dan  and  Thirza  (Clapp)  Merriam  ;  grandson  of 
Ebenezer  and  Margaret  (Jefferson)  Merriam,  and 
a  descendant  of  Joseph  Merriam,  Concord,  Mass. 
1638.  Dan  Merriam  with  his  brother  Ebenezer 
published  a  newspaper  in  West  Brookfield,  Mass., 
1789-92,  and  they  also  conducted  a  printing  busi 
ness  and  book  store,  and  became  widely  known 
as  the  publishers  of  law  books,  Perry's  Diction 
ary  and  an  octavo  Bible.  Charles  attended  the 
district  schools  of  West  Brookfield  and  worked 
on  the  farm  until  1820  ;  was  apprenticed  to  Wil 
liam  Goodwin,  a  printer  in  Hartford,  Conn.,  1820- 
23,  and  on  his  father's  death  in  1823,  returned  to 
West  Brookfield  and  completed  his  apprentice 
ship  with  the  firm  of  E.  &  G.  Merriam.  He 
attended  the  academies  at  Monson  and  Hadley, 
Mass.,  1826-27,  taught  school  in  South  Brookfield, 
and  worked  at  his  trade  in  Philadelphia,  Pa., 
1827-29,  and  was  a  journeyman  printer  and  after 
ward  foreman  in  the  office  of  T.  R.  Marvin, 
Boston,  1829-31.  In  the  latter  year  his  brother 
George  sold  his  interest  in  the  West  Brookfield 
firm,  and  with  his  brother  Charles  established  the 
book-printing  and  bookselling  business  of  G.  &  C. 
Merriam  in  Springfield,  Mass.  Among  other  books 
they  published  Webster's  Dictionary,  having 
bought  the  copyright  of  J.  S.  and  C.  Adams,  of 
Amherst,  Mass.,  in  1845.  They  issued  the  dic 


tionary  first  in  1847  and  sold  it  for  §6.00,  and  made 
such  a  success  of  the  enterprise  that  between 
1845  and  1895  the  Webster  heirs  received  nearly 
$300.000  as  royalties.  He  sold  out  his  share  in 
the  firm  in  1877.  He  gave  $50,000  to  missions  and 
other  philanthropic  subjects,  a  public  library 
and  book  fund  to  West  Brookfield,  his  native 
place,  and  contributed  §5,000  toward  the  estab 
lishment  of  a  public  library  in  Springfield.  He 
was  married,  Aug.  11,  1835,  to  Sophia,  daughter 
of  Col.  Solomon  Warriner,  of  Springfield,  who 
died^in  1858,  and  secondly,  to  Mrs.  Rachel  Gray, 
the  %vidow  of  Dr.  James  Harrison  Gray.  He  died 
in  Springfield,  Mass..  July  9,  1887. 

MERRIAM,  Clinton  Hart,  naturalist,  was  born 
in  New  York  city,  Dec.  5.  1855  ;  son  of  Clinton 
Levi  and  Caroline  (Hart)  Merriam.  He  studied 
at  Wilhston  seminary,  Easthampton,  Mass.,  1873- 
74,  and  at  the  Sheffield  Scientific  school,  Yale, 
1874-77.  He  was  naturalist  of  the  Hayden  survey 
in  1872,  and  assistant,  U.S.  fish  commission,  in 
1875.  He  was  graduated  at  the  College  of  Physi 
cians  and  Surgeons  in  New  York  city  in  1879.  and 
practised  medicine  at  Locust  Grove,  N.Y.,  1879- 
85.  He  served  as  surgeon  on  board  the  U.S.S. 
Proteus  on  a  visit  to  the  Arctic  seal  fisheries  in 
1883  and  sailed  from  Newfoundland  :  and  in  1885 
became  chief  of  the  division  of  ornithology  and 
mammalogy  (now  the  biological  survey)  of  the 
U.S.  department  of  agriculture,  his  special  lines 
of  research  being  the  geographic  distribution  of 
animals  and  plants  in  North  America,  and  sys 
tematic  studies  of  North  American  mammals. 
In  1889  he  made  a  biological  survey  of  the  San 
Francisco  mountain  region  of  Arizona,  and  sub 
sequently  conducted  many  such  explorations  in 
the  west.  He  visited  Alaska  in  1891-92,  as  one 
of  the  U.S.  Bering  Sea  commissioners  to  inves 
tigate  the  fur  seal  on  Pribilof  Islands,  and  again 
in  1899  on  the  Harriman  Alaska  expedition.  He 
was  married,  Oct.  15,  1886,  to  Virginia  Elizabeth 
Gosnel.  He  described  about  500  new  species  of 
North  American  mammals  and  wrote  about  300 
papers  on  biological  subjects,  including  a  "  Mono 
graphic  revision  of  the  Pocket  Gophers  "  (Geomy- 
dse)  (1895)  ;  a  "  Revision  of  the  American 
Shrews  ''  (1895)  ;  a  "  Synopsis  of  Weasels  of  North 
America,"  and  numerous  others.  He  is  the  author 
of  :  Birds  of  Connecticut  (1877)  ;  Mammals  of 
the  Adirondacks  (1884)  ;  Results  of  a  Biological 
Survey  of  the.  San  Francisco  Mountain  Region 
and  Desert  of  Little  Colorado  in  Arizona  (1890)  ; 
Geographic  Distribution  of  Life  in  North  America 

(1892)  ;  Results  of  the  Death   Valley  Expedition 

(1893)  ;  Laws  of    Temperature   Control  of    Geo 
graphic  Distribution  of  Terrestrial  Animals  and 
Plants  (1894)  ;  Life  Zones  and  Crop  Zones  of  the 
United  States    (1898)  ;  and  Biological  Survey  of 
Mount  Shasta,  California  (1899). 

[452J 


MERRIAM 


MERRIAM 


MERRIAM,  Clinton  Levi,  representative,  was 
born  in  Leyden,  N.Y.,  March  25,  1824  ;  son  of 
Gen.  Ela  and  Lydia  (Sheldon)  Merriam  ;  grand 
son  of  Judge  Nathaniel  and  Eunice  (Curtis)  Mer 
riam,  of  Leyden.  N.Y..  and  of  James  and  Mary 
Cheesborough  (Lord)  Sheldon,  of  Renisen,  N.Y., 
and  a  descendant  from  Joseph  Merriam.  who 
came  from  Kent  county.  England,  to  Concord, 
Mass..  1637-38,  and  died  there  1641,  and  of  John 
Sheldon,  who  settled  in  Pawtucket,  R.I.,  in  the 
seventeenth  century.  Clinton  Levi  Merriam 
attended  Denmark  academy  and  engaged  in 
banking  and  mercantile  business.  He  removed 
to  New  York,  where  lie  conducted  an  importing 
and  jobbing  house,  1845-54.  He  was  married,  in 
1849,  to  Caroline,  daughter  of  Judge  Levi  Hart,  of 
Collinsville,  N.Y.  He  was  a  banker  and  commis 
sion  merchant  in  New  York  city,  1860-64,  and  re 
moved  to  Leyden,  N.Y.,  in  1864.  He  was  a 
Republican  representative  in  the  42d  and  43d 
congresses,  1871-75  ;  an  original  member  of  the 
Union  League  club,  New  York  city,  and  a  writer 
and  speaker  on  finance  and  banking.  He  died  in 
Washington,  B.C.,  Feb.  18.  11)00. 

MERRIAM,  George,  publisher,  was  born  in 
Worcester,  Mass.,  Jan.  20,  1803  ;  son  of  Dan  and 
Thirza  (Clapp)  Merriam.  He  attended  the 
district  schools  of  West  Brooktield  and  worked  on 
the  farm  until  1818,  when  he  was  apprenticed  to 
the  printing  business  in  his  father's  office.  He 
was  admitted  to  partnership  by  his  uncle  Eben- 
ezer  in  1824,  to  take  the  place  of  his  father,  who 
died  in  1823,  and  in  1831  disposed  of  his  interest 
in  the  firm  and  removed  to  Springfield,  Mass., 
where  he  established  a  book-publishing  business 
with  his  brother  Charles,  known  for  almost  fifty 
years  under  the  firm-name  G.  &  C.  Merriam. 
Homer,  a  younger  brother,  was  taken  into  the  firm 
in  1856.  He  was  married,  first  in  May,  1828,  to 
Abigail  W.  Little,  and  secondly,  March  31,  1842, 
to  Mrs.  Abby  (Fiske)  Spring,  daughter  of  the  Rev. 
John  Fiske.  George  Merriam  died  in  Springfield, 
Mass..  June  22,  1880. 

MERRIAM,  George  Spring,  author,  was  born 
in  Springfield,  Mass.,  Jan.  13,1843  ;  son  of  George 
and  Abby  (Fiske)  Merriam.  He  was  graduated 
at  Yale,  A.B.,  1864,  A.M.,  1867,  and  in  September, 
1865,  entered  Yale  Theological  seminary.  He 
was  a  tutor  at  Yale,  1866-68,  visited  Europe  in 
1868,  and  was  office  editor  of  The  Christian  Union, 
New  York,  1870-78.  He  returned  to  Springfield, 
Mass.,  in  1878,  and  devoted  himself  to  literaiy 
work.  He  is  the  author  of  :  A  Living  Faith 
(1876)  ;  The  Way  of  Life  (1881)  :  The.  Life  and 
Times  of  Samuel  Bowles  (1885)  ;  The  Start/  of 
William  and  Lncy  Smith  (1889)  ;  ^4  Symphony  of 
the  Spirit  (1894)  ;  Reminiscences  and  Letters  of 
•Caroline  C.  Briggs  (1897)  :  The  Chief  End  of 
Man  (1897),  and  contributions  to  periodicals. 


MERRIAM,  Henry  Clay,  soldier,  was  born  in 
Houlton,  Maine,  Nov.  13,  1837  ;  son  of  Lewis  and 
Mary  (Foss)  Merriam,  and  a  descendant  in  the 
eighth  generation  from  Joseph  Merriam,  the  im 
migrant,  1636.  He  attended  Houlton  academy, 
and  was  graduated 
from  Colby  college, 
A.B..  1864,  "A.M.,  18- 
67.  He  left  the  col 
lege,  Aug.  9,  1862,  to 
accept  the  captaincy 
of  a  company  in  the 
20th  Maine  volun 
teers,  and  resigned, 
Jan.  7.  1863.  to  organ 
ize  colored  troops  in 
Louisiana,  and  was 
commissioned  cap 
tain  in  the  80th  U.S. 
colored  infantry, 

March  11,  1863;  serv 
ing  with  them  at  the 
assault  on  Port  Hudson,  La. ,  May  27, 1863.  He  was 
commissioned  lieutenant-colonel  of  the  85th  U.S. 
colored  infantry,  May  21,  1864;  was  transferred 
to  the  73d  U.S.  colored  infantry,  June  3,  1864, 
and  led  the  regiment  (originally  1st  Louisiana 
native  guards)  over  Fort  Blakeley,  Ala.,  April  9, 
1865,  at  his  own  request  and  in  advance  of  all 
other  troops,  for  which  action  he  received  the  con 
gressional  medal  of  honor.  He  was  brevetted 
colonel  of  volunteers,  March  26,  1865,  for  services 
against  Mobile  and  its  defences,  and  was  honor 
ably  mustered  out  of  the  volunteer  service,  Oct. 
24, 1865.  In  the  regular  service  he  was  commiss 
ioned  major  of  the  38th  U.S.  infantry,  July  28, 
1866  ;  was  brevetted  lieutenant-colonel,  March  2, 
1867,  for  Antietam,  and  colonel  the  same  day  for 
Fort  Blakeley,  Ala.;  was  transferred  to  the  24th 
U.S.  infantry,  March  15,  1869,  and  was  promoted 
lieutenant-colonel  and  assigned  to  the  2d  U.S. 
infantry,  June  10,  1876  ;  colonel  of  the  7th  U.S. 
infantry,  July  10,  1885,  and  brigadier-general, 
June  30,  1897.  He  re-entered  the  volunteer  serv 
ice  as  major-general  of  volunteers,  May  4,  1898, 
and  commanded  the  Departments  of  California 
and  Columbia,  which  comprised  the  entire  Pacific 
coast,  including  Alaska  and  the  Hawaiian  Islands 
during  the  Spanish  and  Philippine  wars.  He 
was  honorably  discharged  from  the  volunteer 
service,  Feb.  24,  1899,  and  was  given  command 
of  the  departments  of  the  Colorado  and  the  Mis 
souri.  He  was  placed  on  the  retired  list  Nov.  13, 
1901.  He  was  married,  Jan.  16,  1866,  to  Lucy  J. 
Getchell.  who  died,  April  24,  1870  ;  and  secondly, 
June  4, 1874,  to  Una  Macpherson.  Hisson.  Henry 
Macpherson  Merriam,  born  Oct.  12.  1877,  at 
Houlton,  Maine,  was  appointed  from  Leland 
Stanford  Jr.  university,  July  9,  1898,  2d  lieu- 


[453] 


MERRIAM 


MERRICK 


tenant,  3d  U.S.  artillery,  serving  on  Gen.  Charles 
King's  staff  in  the  Philippines  and  with  his  battery 
in  China,  1900.  He  was  promoted  1st  lieutenant 
Feb.  2,  1901,  after  which  he  served  with  his 
battery  in  the  Philippines.  General  Merriam  is 
the  author  of  several  essays  on  military  subjects. 
MERRIAM,  William  Rush,  governor  of  Min 
nesota,  was  born  at  Wadhams  Mills,  Essex 
county,  N.  Y.,  July  26,  1849  ;  son  of  John  L.  and 
Mahala  (Delano)  Merriam  ;  grandson  of  William 
S.  Merriam,  and  a  descendant  of  Joseph  Merriam, 
Concord.  Mass.,  1636.  John  L. 
Merriam  removed  to  St.  Paul, 
Minn.,  in  1861,  and  the  son 
was  graduated  at  Racine  col 
lege,  "Wis.,  in  1870.  Return 
ing  to  St.  Paul,  he  was  a  clerk 
in  the  First  national  bank,  18- 
71-72  ;  cashier  of  the  Mer 
chants  national  bank,  1872-81,  its  vice-president, 
1881-82,  and  president  from  1882.  He  was  married, 
in  1872,  to  Laura,  daughter  of  John  Hancock,  of 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  wras  a  Republican  represen 
tative  in  the  Minnesota  legislature  in  1882,  and  in 
1886,  when  he  was  speaker  of  the  house.  He  served 
as  treasurer  of  the  board  of  education  of  St. 
Paul,  1887-88,  as  a  member  of  the  St.  Paul  Cham 
ber  of  Commerce,  1888,  and  was  vice-president 
of  the  State  Agricultural  association,  1886-87,and 
its  president,  1888.  He  was  governor  of  Minne 
sota  for  two  terms,  1889-92,  and  was  appointed 
by  President  McKinley  director  of  the  twelfth 
census,  March  4,  1899. 

MERRICK,  Caroline  Elizabeth,  author,  was 
born  in  •'  Cottage  Hall,''  East  Feliciana.  La., 
Nov.  24.  1825  ;  daughter  of  Capt.  David  and 
Elizabeth  (Patillo)  Thomas.  Her  father  was  a 
native  of  Edgefield  district.  S.C..  and  the  Patil- 

los  wore  Virginians. 
Captain  Thomas  serv 
ed  in  the  \var  of  1812, 
removed  to  Louisia 
na,  where  lie  was  a 
wealthy  planter,  and 
afforded  his  daughter 
an  excellent  educa 
tion.  In  1840  she 
was  married  to  Edwin 
T.  Merrick  (q.v.). 
During  the  progress 
of  the  civil  war  she 
not  only  managed 
her  plantation  during 
her  husband's  absence 
but  established  a  hos 
pital  for  sick  and  wounded  soldiers  at  Myrtle 
Grove,  where  she  was  the  chief  nurse.  After  the 
close  of  the  war  she  became  interested  in  the 
temperance  work  of  Frances  E.  Willard  and  pro 


moted  it  in  the  south  at  a  time  when  it  was  exceed 
ingly  unpopular.  She  was  elected  president  of 
the  local  temperance  society  and  of  the  Louisiana 
State  Christian  Temperance  Union,  which  latter 
position  she  held  for  ten  years.  She  became  an 
acceptable  and  convincing  lecturer  on  the  subject 
of  temperance  and  on  woman's  right  to  a  limited 
suffrage,  on  which  subject  she  addressed  the  legis 
lature  of  Louisiana  and  was  instrumental  in  se 
curing  a  law  entitling  tax-paying  women  to  the 
privilege  of  voting  on  any  matter  affecting  the 
rate  of  taxes  on  the  property  owned  by  them. 
She  represented  Louisiana  in  the  meetings  of 
the  Woman's  International  Council  and  in  the 
Woman's  National  American  association  held  in 
Washington.  D.C.,  in  1886.  She  was  secretary  of 
St.  Anna's  Asylum  for  Aged  and  Destitute 
Women  and  Children  for  twelve  years  ;  president 
of  the  Ladies'  Sanitary  and  Benevolent  associa 
tion  ;  president  of  the  Woman's  Foreign  Mission 
ary  society  ;  president  of  the  Woman  Suffrage 
Association  for  Louisiana  until  1900.  when  she 
was  elected  honorary  vice-president  for  life.  She 
is  the  author  of  :  Old  Thnes  in  Dixie  Laud  :  A 
Southern  Matron's  Memories  (1900). 

MERRICK,  David  Andrew,  Jesuit  clergyman 
and  educator,  was  born  in  New  Y7ork  city,  N.Y., 
Feb.  19.  1833  :  son  of  Patrick  and  Margaret  (Mur 
phy)  Merrick.  natives  of  Ireland.  He  attended 
private  schools  in  Brooklyn 
and  New  York  city,  and  the 
grammar  school  of  Colum-  //. 
bia  college.  He  was  gradu 
ated  at  St.  John's  college. 
Fordham,  N.Y.,  in  1850.  and 
studied  law  and  medicine  in 
New  York.  1850-53.  but  aban 
doned  these  professions  for  the  church.  He  went 
to  Europe  in  1853.  joined  the  Society  of  Jesus  at 
St.  Acheul  near  Amiens.  France,  where  he  re 
mained  until  1856,  and  studied  philosophy  at  La 
val,  France,  1856-59.  He  returned  to  New  York 
city  in  1859  ;  was  an  instructor  in  Latin  and  Greek 
at  St.  John's  college.  Fordham.  1859-60,  and  at 
St.  Mary's  college.  Montreal.  Canada,  1860-61,  and 
completed  his  theological  studies  in  Boston, 
Mass..  and  Fordham,  N.Y.,  in  1865.  He  was  or 
dained  priest  at  the  old  St.  Patrick's  Cathedral, 
N.Y..  by  Bishop  Bailey.  Sept.  24.  1864.  w<,s  the 
English  preacher  of  The  Gesu  church.  Mon 
treal.  Canada.  1866-70.  and  a  teacher  of  philoso 
phy  in  St.  Mary's  college.  Montreal.  1869.  lie 
was  pastor  of  St.  Francis  Xavier's  church,  Xew 
York  city.  1870-80.  and  was  active  in  securing 
funds  for  the  erection  of  the  new  church  build 
ing.  He  was  rector  of  St.  Lawrence's  church, 
New  York  city,  1880-88,  and  was  appointed  presi 
dent  of  the  College  of  St.  Francis  Xavier  in  Sep 
tember,  1888,  to  succeed  the  -Rev.  John  J.  Mur- 

[454] 


MERRICK 


MERRICK 


phy,  S.J.  He  held  the  office  until  1891,  when  he 
was  transferred  to  Boston  college.  Mass. ,  where 
he  remained  till  the  year  1895,  when  he  was  at 
tached  to  St.  Lawrence's  church,  afterward 
better  known  as  St.  Ignatius  Loyola's  church, 
New  York  city. 

MERRICK,  Edwin  Thomas,  jurist,  was  born 
in  Wilbraliam,  Mass.,  July  9.  1809  ;  son  of 
Thomas  and  Anna  (Brewer)  Merrick  ;  grandson 
of  Lieut.  Jonathan  Merrick,  and  a  descendant  of 
Thomas  and  Elizabeth  (Tilley)  Merrick.  Thomas 
Merrick,  a  native  of  Wales,  came  to  America  in 
1630,  and  settled  in  Springfield,  Mass.,  in  1638. 
His  father,  a  farmer,  died  when  he  was  a  boy, 
and  lie  was  sent  to  Springfield,  N.Y.,  and  brought 
up  in  the  family  of  his  mother's  brother,  Samuel 
Brewer.  He  pursued  a  classical  course  at  Wil 
braliam  academy,  1828-32,  removed  to  New 
Lisbon,  Ohio,  in  1832,  and  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1833.  He  practised  in  Carrollton,  Ohio, 
1833-34  ;  took  charge  of  the  practice  of  his  uncle, 
Col.  A.  L.  Brewer,  New  Lisbon,  Ohio,  1834-39; 
and  practised  in  Clinton.  La.,  1839-54.  He  was 
•elected  judge  of  the  7th  judicial  district  of 

Louisiana  in  1854, 
removed  to  New  Or 
leans  in  1856,  and  was 
chief  justice  of  the 
supreme  court  of 
Louisiana,  1855-71. 
He  rendered  the  de 
cision  which  first 
gave  the  Myra  Clark 
Gaines  case  a  stand 
ing  in  the  U.S.  courts. 
He  opposed  secession, 
but  when  the  state 
seceded,  joined  the 
Confederacy.  In  a 
decision  rendered  in 
1863,  he  held  that 

so  long  as  any  part  of  the  state  was  not  in 
the  hands  of  the  U.S.  troops,  state  authority 
could  be  maintained.  He  was  a  delegate  from 
Louisiana  to  Marshall,  Texas,  to  confer  concern 
ing  the  affairs  of  the  trans-Mississippi  depart 
ment,  and  on  his  return  to  New  Orleans  in  1865, 
he  was  debarred  from  practising  in  the  Federal 
courts  of  the  United  States,  because  he  refused 
to  take  the  "  lawyer's  test  oath  "  on  the  ground 
that  it  was  unconstitutional.  He  was  elected  a 
trustee  of  Centenary  college  at  Jackson,  La.,  in 
1845,  and  received  the  degree  of  LL.D.  from 
there  some  years  afterward.  He  was  president 
of  the  New  Orleans  Academy  of  Sciences,  and  a 
member  of  the  American  Association  for  the  Ad 
vancement  of  Science.  He  was  married,  in  1840, 
to  Caroline  Elizabeth  Thomas  (q.v.),  daughter  of 
Capt.  David  Thomas,  of  East  Feliciana,  La.  Judge 

[45, 


Merrick's  cases  are  included  in  the  Louisiana 
Annual  Reports,  volumes  X-XVI.  He  died  in 
New  Orleans,  La.,  Jan.  12,  189.7. 

MERRICK,  Frederick,  educator,  was  born  in 
Wilbraliam,  Mass.,  Jan.  29,  1810;  son  of  Noah 
and  Statira  (Hays)  Merrick  ;  grandson  of  Deacon 
Chileab  B.  and  Lucina  (Smith)  Merrick,  and  a 
descendant  of  Thomas  and  Elizabeth  (Tilley) 
Merrick,  1630.  Frederick  Merrick  was  brought 
upon  his  father's  farm,  attended  Weoleyan  acad 
emy,  Wilbraliam,  Mass.,  and  matriculated  at  Wes- 
leyan  university,  Middletown,  Conn.,  in  the 
class  of  1834,  but  left  just  before  graduation. 
He  was  married,  in  1836,  to  Fidelia  S.  Griswold,  of 
Suffield,  Conn.  ;  was  principal  of  the  Conference 
seminary  at  Amenia,  N.Y.,  1836-38,  and  profes 
sor  of  natural  science  in  Ohio  university,  1838-42. 
He  joined  the  Ohio  conference  in  1841,  was  sta 
tioned  at  Marietta,  Ohio,  1842-43,  and  was  finan 
cial  agent  of  Ohio  Wesleyan  university,  1843-45, 
having  been  one  of  the  first  advocates  of  a  Meth 
odist  Episcopal  college  in  Ohio,  and  an  organizer 
of  the  university  opened  in  1844.  He  was  pro 
fessor  of  natural  sciences  there,  1845-51  ;  profes 
sor  of  moral  philosophy,  1851-60  ;  and  president 
of  the  university,  1860-73,  when  he  resigned 
owing  to  failing  health  and  was  made  professor 
emeritus.  He  was  auditor  of  Ohio  Wesleyan  uni 
versity,  1845-85,  a  trustee,  1877-94,  and  a  lecturer 
on  natural  and  revealed  religion  in  the  uni 
versity,  1873-94.  His  influence  and  effort  secured 
Thompson  Chapel,  a  library  building  valued  at 
$15,000,  a  library  book  fund  of  $10,000,  the 
Prescott  cabinet,  valued  at  $10,000,  and  a  large 
tract  of  land  near  the  campus.  He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  Committee  of  Revision  of  Hymn  Book 
in  1848,  a  delegate  to  the  general  conference 
of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church  in  1860, 
1864  and  1876,  and  a  trustee  of  the  Ohio  State  In 
dustrial  school  for  girls,  1869-78.  He  received 
the  degrees :  A.M.  from  Wesleyan  university, 
1837,  and  M.D.  from  Starling  Medical  college, 
1850,  and  declined  that  of  D.D.  offered  by  Wes 
leyan  university,  1860.  and  that  of  LL.D.,  by 
De  Pauw,  1864.  He  contributed  to  the  Ladies' 
Repository ;  edited  :  Sermons  on  Miscellaneous 
Subjects  by  the  jB/.s/fOps  of  the  Methodist  Episco 
pal  Church  and  Senior  Preachers  of  the  Ohio  and 
North  Ohio  Conference  (1847),  and  is  the  author 
of  Formalism (1865);  Religion  and  tlieState(1875), 
and  reports  of  the  Reform  School  for  Girls  (1869- 
78.  He  died  at  Delaware,  Ohio,  March  5,  1894. 

MERRICK,  James  Lyman,  missionary,  was 
born  in  Monson,  Mass..  Oct.  11,  1803;  son  of 
Gideon  and  Beulah  (Stebbins)  Merrick  ;  grandson 
of  Obed  and  Mercy  (Stebbins)  Merrick.  and  of 
Jesse  and  Elizabeth  Stebbins,  and  a  descendant 
of  Thomas  Merrick,  1630.  He  was  graduated  at 
Amherst  college,  A.B.,  1830,  A.M.,  1833  ;  studied 


MERRICK 


MERKICK 


at  Princeton  Theological  seminary,  1830-31,  and  He  built  the  iron  lighthouses  erected  along  the 

was   graduated   at   Columbia   Theological   semi-  Florida  reefs,  which  included  some  of  the  largest 

nary,  S.C.,  in  1833.     lie  was  ordained  as  a  Presby-  in  the  world.     His  linn   also  constructed  steam 

terian   evangelist,    April   13,    1834,  and  was   ap-  hammers,     sugar    refining    apparatus     and    the 

pointed  missionary  to  Persia,  by  the  A.B.C.F.M.,  machinery  of  the  U.S.S.  Mississippi,  Princeton, 

and    served    at    Tabriz,    1833    and    1837—41  ;    at  San  Jacinto,  Wabash  and  numerous  others.     The 

Shiraz,  1836,  and  at  Urumiah,  1841-45.     He  was  most  notable  achievement  of  the  firm,  however, 


married,  March  11,  1839,  at  Tabriz,  to  Emma, 
daughter  of  Nathaniel  and  Maria  Taylor,  of  Ports 
mouth,  England.  He  was  pastor  of  the  Congre 
gational  church,  South  Amherst,  Mass.,  1849-64, 
and  an  instructor  in  oriental  literature  at 
Amherst,  1852-57.  He  willed  his  property  to  the 
four  institutions  in  which  he  obtained  his  edu 
cation,  stipulating  that  it  be  used  to  endow  four 
Persian  scholarships.  He  left  manuscript  trans 
lations  into  Persian,  and  published  :  Pilgrim's 
Harp,  poems  (1847);  The  Lift  and  Religion  of 
Mohammed,  translated  from  the  Persian  Hyab-ul- 
Kuloob  (1830);  Kieth's  Evidence  of  Prophecy, 
translated  into  Persian  (1846):  and  Genealogy 
of  the  Merrick  Family  (1850).  He  left  in  MS. 
A  Treatise  on  the  Orthography  of  the  English 
Language  ivith  a  new  Alphabet  of  Forty  Letters. 
He  died  in  South  Amherst,  Mass.,  June  18,  1866. 
MERRICK,  Samuel  Vaughan,  philanthropist, 
was  born  in  Hallovvell,  Maine,  May  4,  1801  ;  son 
of  John  and  Rebecca  (Vaughan)  Merrick,  and 
grandson  of  Samuel  Vaughan,  a  London  mer 
chant.  John  Merrick  was  educated  for  the 

Unitarian  ministry, 
came  from  England 
in  1798.  and  settled 
in  Hallowell.  Maine, 
where  he  married 
and  led  a  life  of  leis 
ure,  and  received  the 
honorary  degree  of 
A.M.  from  Bowdoin 
college  in  1807.  Sam 
uel  Vaughan  Mer 
rick  attended  the 

FRAAIKLIAI    INSTITUTE..  public        Schools        of 

Hallowell,  removed  to  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  in 
1816,  and  entered  the  employ  of  his  uncle, 
Samuel  Vaughan,  a  wine  merchant.  He  re 
signed  his  position  in  1820,  and  studied  me 
chanical  engineering.  He  engaged  in  manu 
facturing  improved  fire  engines  under  the  firm 
name  of  Merrick  &  Agnevv.  and  introduced  his 
steam  fire  engines  into  Philadelphia.  He  was 
married,  Dec.  25,  1823,  to  Sarah,  daughter  of  Na 
thaniel  Thomas,  of  Philadelphia.  In  1835  he 
established  the  Southwark  Iron  foundry  in  Phil 
adelphia  with  Mr.  Towne,  who  retired  in  1849, 
when  he  took  into  partnership  his  eldest  son,  J. 
Vaughan  Merrick.  The  firm  continued  as  Mer 
rick  &  Son,  and  after  1852  as  Merrick  &  Sons, 
which  title  it  retained  after  he  retired  in  1860. 


was  the  construction  of  the  New  Ironsides,  the 
first  armor-clad  war  vessel  ever  built.  He  was 
a  member  of  the  city  council  when  the  matter 
of  introducing  illuminating  gas  was  before 
that  body,  and  was  commissioned  to  visit  Europe 
in  1834  to  examine  into  and  report  the  method  of 
its  manufacture.  On  his  return  he  superintended 
the  building  of  the  Philadelphia  gas-works,  which 
were  completed  in  1837.  He  was  the  first  presi 
dent  of  the  Pennsylvania  railroad,  1846-49  ; 
of  the  Sunbury  and  Erie  railroad.  1856-68;  and 
was  influential  in  establishing  the  Catawissa 
railroad  on  a  firm  basis.  He  was  a  founder  and 
for  many  years  president  of  the  Franklin  Insti 
tute  and  of  the  Union  League  club,  a  member  of 
the  American  Philosophical  society,  1833-70.  and 
gave  large  sums  to  the  sanitary  commissions,  and 
to  the  cause  of  education  in  the  south.  He  en- 
erected  and  endowed  the  Episcopal  hospital  and 
aided  in  the  erection  of  the  Episcopal  residence. 
He  died  in  Philadelphia,  Pa..  Aug.  18,  1870. 

MERRICK,  William  Duhurst,  senator,  was 
born  in  Annapolis,  Md.,  Oct.  25,  1793.  son  of 
Thomas  Duhurst  Merrick,  a  native  of  England, 
who  settled  in  Annapolis,  Md.,  and  died  there  in 
1794.  He  received  an  academic  education,  held 
several  town  and  county  offices  in  Maryland,  and 
served  as  a  captain  in  the  war  of  1812.  He 
served  two  terms  as  a  representative  in  the  state 
legislature  and  was  elected  to  the  U.S.  senate 
from  Maryland  as  a  A\7hig,  to  take  the  place  of 
Joseph  Kent,  who  died  in  office,  and  was  re- 
elected  in  1839  for  a  full  term,  serving  1838-45. 
He  is  credited  with  first  proposing  cheaper  post 
age.  He  was  a  member  of  the  state  constitu 
tional  convention  of  1S50,  and  was  again  a  rep 
resentative  in  the  state  legislature.  He  was 
married  to  Catherine  Homes,  and  of  their  sons, 
Richard  Thomas  (1826-1885),  was  a  celebrated 
lawyer  in  Washington,  and  William  Matthews 
(q.  v.)  was  an  able  jurist.  Senator  Merrick  died  in 
Washington.  D.C..  Feb.  5.  1857. 

MERRICK,  William  Matthews,  jurist,  was 
born  in  Charles  county,  Md..  Sept.  1,  1818;  son  of 
William  Duhurst  and  Catherine  (Homes)  Mer 
rick.  He  was  graduated  at  the  Universit\r  of 
Georgetown,  D.C..  in  1S31,  studied  law  in  the 
University  of  Virginia,  and  was  admitted  to  the 
Baltimore  bar  in  1839.  He  settled  in  practice  in 
Frederick  in  1844,  was  deputy  attorney-general 
for  Frederick  county,  1S45-50,  and  removed  to 
Washington,  D.C.,  in  1854.  He  was  associate 


[456J 


MERRILL 


MERRILL 


judge  of  the  U.S.  circuit  court  for  the  District 
of  Columbia  from  1854  until  1863,  when  the 
court  was  abolished.  He  then  resumed  practice 
in  Maryland  ;  was  senior  professor  of  law  in 
Columbian  university  at  Georgetown,  D.C.,  1866- 
67,  and  was  a  delegate  to  the  Maryland  constitu 
tional  convention  in  1867,  and  a  Democratic  rep 
resentative  in  the  Maryland  legislature  in  1870. 
He  was  a  representative  from  the  fifth  Maryland 
district  in  the  4'3d  congress,  1871-73,  and  was  the 
defeated  candidate  for  the  43d  congress  in  1872.  In 
congress  he  opposed  the  act  known  as  the  "  salary 
grab,"  and  when  it  passed  refused  to  accept  his 
back  pay.  He  was  associate  judge  of  the  su 
preme  court  of  the  District  of  Columbia,  1885-89, 
and  also  served  as  professor  of  law  in  George 
town  university.  He  received  the  degree  LL.D. 
from  Georgetown  university  in  1875.  He  mar 
ried  a  daughter  of  the  Hon.  C.  A.  Wiokliffe. 
He  died  in  Washington,  D.C.,  Feb.  4,  1889. 

MERRILL,  Daniel,  clergyman,  was  born  in 
Rowley,  Mass.,  March  18,  1705;  son  of  Thomas 
and  Sarah  Merrill.  In  January,  1781,  he  enlisted 
in  the  Revolutionary  army  and  served  till  the 
close  of  the  war.  He  was  graduated  at  Dart 
mouth,  A.B.,  1789,  A.M..  1792;  studied  theology 
under  the  Rev.  Dr.  Spring  of  Newburyport, 
Mass.,  and  in  1791  began  to  preach  in  Sedgwick, 
Maine.  He  was  married,  in  1791 ,  to  Joanna  Colby; 
of  Sanderson,  N.H.,  and  secondly,  Oct.  14,  1794, 
to  Susanna  Gale,  of  Salisbury,  N.H.  He  was  or 
dained  pastor  of  the  newly  organized  Congrega 
tional  church  in  Sedgwick  in  1793  ;  and  in  1805 
his  church  was  the  largest  in  membership  of  any 
in  Maine.  He  became  a  convert  to  the  Baptist 
faith,  and  in  February,  1805,  with  a  majority  of 
his  congregation,  he  was  received  into  the  Baptist 
church,  and  he  was  ordained  pastor  of  the  newly 
organized  church  at  Sedgwick,  where  he  con 
tinued  to  labor  until  his  death,  except  the  years 
1814-21,  when  he  was  pastor  at  Nottingham 
West,  N.H.  He  was  one  of  the  founders  of  Wa- 
terville  college,  and  served  as  a  trustee,  1821-33. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  state  legislature  and 
the  governor's  council.  He  published  :  Eight 
Letters  on  Open  Communion  (1805);  Letters  Oc 
casioned  by  'the  Rev.  Samuel  Worcester's  Two 
Discourses  (1807);  Mode  and  Subjects  of  Baptism 
Examined,  with  a  Miniature  History  of  Baptism 
(1812) .  He  died  in  Sedgwick,  Maine,  June  3, 1833. 

MERRILL,  Elmer  Truesdell,  educator,  was 
born  in  Millville,  Mass..  Jan.  1.  I860;  son  of 
Charles  Atwood  and  Mary  Sophia  (Truesdell) 
Merrill  ;  grandson  of  John  and  Deborah  (Atwood) 
Merrill  and  of  Erastus  Ozias  and  Mary  (Dwight) 
Truesdell,  and  a  descendant  of  Nathaniel  Merrill, 
1610-1655,  one  of  the  first  settlers  of  Newbury, 
Mass.,  incorporated  in  1635.  He  was  graduated 
from  Wesleyan  university,  B.A.,  1881,  M.A., 


1889,  and  from  the  Berkeley  Divinity  school  in 
1894  ;  was  a  graduate  student  at  Wesleyan,  1881- 
82,  Yale,  1885-86,  arid  the  University  of  Berlin, 
1886-87,  and  studied  elsewhere  in  Europe.  He 
taught  in  the  Massachusetts  State  Normal  school, 
Westfield,  1882-83  ;  was  tutor  at  Wesleyan,  1883- 
86  ;  professor  of  Latin  at  the  University  of  South 
California,  1887-88,  and  was  elected  Rich  pro 
fessor  of  Latin  at  Wesleyan  in  1888.  He  was 
married,  June  19,  1890,  to  Edith  Valentine,  of 
Los  Angeles,  Gal.  He  was  admitted  to  the 
diaconate  in  the  Protestant  Episcopal  church  in 
1894,  and  was  ordained  priest  in  1895.  He  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  managing  committee  of 
the  American  School  of  Classical  Studies  in  Rome 
in  1895,  was  professor  in  the  school,  1898-99,  and 
was  elected  acting  chairman  and  secretary  of 
the  committee  in  1899,  and  chairman  in  1900. 
He  became  a  member  of  the  American  Philologi 
cal  association  in  1883,  and  of  the  Archaeological 
Institute  of  America  in  1896.  He  published  an 
edition  of  the  Poems  of  Catullus,  with  notes 
(1893),  and  Fragments  of  Roman  Satire  (1896),. 
besides  contributions  to  philological  and  archae 
ological  periodicals. 

MERRILL,  Frank  Thayer,  illustrator,  was 
born  in  Boston,  Mass.,  Dec.  14,  1848  ;  son  of 
George  William  and  Sarah  (Alden)  Merrill  ; 
grandson  of  James  Martin  and  Dolly  (Ulmer) 
Merrill,  and  of  Maj.  Jesse  and  Isabel  B.  (Francis) 
Alden,  and  a  descendant  of  John  Alden  of  the 
Mayflower.  He  attended  the  public  schools  of 
Boston,  the  Lowell  Institute  free  drawing  school. 
1864-75,  and  entered  the  school  of  drawing  and 
painting,  Museum  of  Fine  Arts,  Boston,  in  1875. 
He  established  a  studio  in  Boston  in  1870,  and 
devoted  himself  to  illustrating,  besides  painting 
in  water-color  and  oil.  He  was  married,  in  1881, 
to  Jessie  S.,  daughter  of  Charles  A.  Aldrich,  of 
Boston.  In  1884  he  painted  and  illustrated  in 
Paris  and  travelled  through  Switzerland,  Bel 
gium,  Holland  and  France  on  a  sketching  trip. 
The  works  he  illustrated  include  :  Longfellow's 
"  John  Endicott  "  and  "Courtshipof  Miles  Stand- 
ish  ; "  several  of  Louisa  Alcott's  books  ;  Mark 
Twain's  "  The  Prince  and  the  Pauper,"  with  J.  J. 
Harley  (1881);  Moore's  "  Lalla  Rookh  "  (1884); 
Thackeray's  "Mahogany  Tree"  (1887);  Edward 
Everett  Hale's  "The  Man  without  a  Country  ;" 
Irving's  "Rip  Van  Winkle:"  Mrs.  Austin's 
"  Standish  of  Standish,"  and  many  standard 
editions  of  English  classics.  He  exhibited  his 
etchings  at  the  Salmagundi  club  in  New  York. 
He  is  the  author  of  :  Through  the  Heart  of  Paris 
(1885). 

MERRILL,  Frederick  James  Hamilton,  geol 
ogist,  was  born  in  New  York  city,  April  30, 
1861  ;  son  of  Maj.  Hamilton  Wilcox  and  Louisa 
(Kauffman)  Merrill ;  grandson  of  Asa  and  Penel- 


[457] 


MERRILL 


MERRILL 


ope  (Dalliba)  Merrill  and  of  Christian  II.  and 
Sophia  (Copoiis)  Kauffman,  and  a  descendant  of 
Nathaniel  Merrill  (Newbury,  Mass.,  163")).  He 
was  prepared  for  college  at  Chartier  institute, 
matriculated  at  Columbia  college  with  the  class 
of  1884,  transferred  to  the  school  of  mines,  1882, 
and  was  graduated,  Ph. B.,  188.1.  He  was  assist 
ant  in  the  New  Jersey  geological  survey,  1885-87, 
and  a  fellow  in  geology  of  Columbia  college, 
1886-90.  He  was  married,  Sept.  1,  1887,  to  Wini 
fred  Edgerton,  of  New  York  city,  and  spent  the 
summer  of  1890  in  visiting  the  natural  history 
museums  of  Europe,  and  in  December  was  ap 
pointed  assistant  director  of  the  New  York  state 
museum.  He  was  assistant  state  geologist,  1890- 
93  ;  directed  the  scientific  exhibit  of  the  state  of 
New  York  at  the  World's  Columbian  exposition, 
Chicago,  111.,  1893,  and  in  1894  he  was  appointed 
director  of  the  state  museum,  and  in  1898  state 
geologist  of  New  York.  He  was  elected  a  mem 
ber  or  fellow  of  the  leading  American  scientific 
societies.  He  received  the  degree  Ph.D.  from 
Columbia  in  1890,  and  is  the  author  of  numerous 
articles  in  periodicals  and  of  several  bulletins  of 
the  New  York  state  museum. 

MERRILL,  George  Edmands,  educator,  was 
born  in  Charlestown,  Mass.,  Dec.  19,  1846  ;  son  of 
Nathan  and  Amelia  Grant  (Edmands)  Merrill, 
.and  a  lineal  descendant  in  the  sixth  generation 
from  Nathaniel  Merrill.  Newbury,  Mass.,  1635. 
George  attended  the  public 
schools  of  Charlestown, 
Mass.,  and  the  Cambridge 
I  high  school  ;  was  graduated 
[from  Harvard,  A.B.,  1869, 
A.M.,  1873,  and  from  the 
Newton  Theological  institu 
tion  in  1872.  He  was  married, 
Oct.  1, 1872.  to  Florence  Ann  Whittemore;  second 
ly,  on  April  5,  1877,  to  Carrie  M.  Bee  be,  and 
thirdly,  on  Sept.  19,  1882,  to  Emma  M.  Bateman. 
He  was  pastor  of  Baptist  churches  in  Springfield, 
Mass.,  1872-77,  Salem,  Mass.,  1877-85,  Colorado 
Springs,  Col.,  1885-87,  and  Newton,  Mass.,  1890-99. 
He  was  elected  president  of  Colgate  university, 
Hamilton,  N.Y..  in  1899.  The  honorary  degree 
of  D.D.  was  conferred  on  him  by  Colby  univer 
sity  in  1896,  and  that  of  LL.D.  by  the  University 
of  Rochester  in  1901.  He  is  the  author  of: 
Master  Hathornes  Family  (1870);  Battles  Lost 
and  Won  (1872);  Three  Christian  Mothers  (1876) ; 
Tlte  Story  of  the  Manuscripts  (1881);  Crusaders 
and  Captives  (1890):  The  Reasonable  Christ 
(1896);  The  Parchments  of  the  Faith  (1897). 

MERRILL,  George  Perkins,  geologist,  was 
born  at  Auburn,  Maine,  May  31,  1854;  son  of 
Lucius  and  Anne  E.  (Jones)  Merrill ;  grandson 
of  Moses  and  Sallie  Merrill  and  of  the  Rev.  Elijah 
Jones,  for  forty  years  pastor  of  First  church, 


Minot,  Maine.  He  was  graduated  at  the  Univer 
sity  of  Maine,  B.S.,  1879,  receiving  the  degree  of 
M.S.  in  1883  and  Ph.D.  in  1889,  and  took  post 
graduate  courses  at  Wesleyan  and  Johns  Hopkins 
universities.  He  also  served  as  an  assistant  in 
chemistry  at  Wesleyan.  1879-80.  He  was  an  as 
sistant  on  the  Fisheries  census  at  Washington  in 
1880-81  :  became  connected  with  the  geological 
department  of  the  U.S.  national  museum,  Smith 
sonian  Institution,  Washington,  D.C.,  in  1881, 
and  in  1897  became  head  curator  of  the  depart 
ment  of  geology.  He  was  lecturer  on  the  eco 
nomic  aspects  of  geology  in  the  Maryland  Agricul 
tural  college,  1890-91  ;  became  professor  of  geol 
ogy  and  mineralogy  in  the  Corcoran  Scientific 
school,  Columbian  university,  Washington,  in 
1893.  He  was  married  first,  in  November,  1883, 
to  Sarah,  daughter  of  Joseph  R.  Farrington  of 
Portland,  Maine.  His  wife  died  in  1894,  and  he 
was  married  secondly,  in  February.  1900,  to  Kath- 
erine  L.  Yancey,  of  Virginia.  He  contributed  to 
the  "  Standard  Dictionary,"  Johnson's  "  Uni- 
versal  Cyclopedia,,"  and  Russell  Sturgis's  "  Dic 
tionary  of  Architecture  and  Building,"  and  is 
the  author  of  several  standard  works,  including  : 
Stones  for  Building  and  Decoration  (1891  and 
1897);  Rocks,  Rochiveathering  and  Soils  (1897); 
The  Non-Metallic  Minerals  (1901),  and  many 
papers  in  scientific  journals. 

MERRILL,  James  Griswold,  educator,  was 
born  in  Montague,  Mass.,  Aug.  20,  1840;  son  of 
the  Rev.  James  H.  and  Lucia  (Griswold)  Merrill, 
and  grandson  of  Nathaniel  Merrill.  He  was 
graduated  from  Phillips  Andover  academy  in 
1859,  from  Amherst  A.B.  1863,  attended  Prince 
ton  Theological  seminary,  1863-65,  and  was  grad 
uated  from  Andover  Theological  seminary  in 
1866.  He  was  married,  Oct.  11.  1866.  to  Louisa 
W.  Boutwell,  of  Andover.  He  was  ordained  to 
the  Congregational  ministry,  Jan.  13,  1867,  and 
was  pastor  at  Mound  City,  Kan.,  1867-69  ;  Topeka, 
Kan.,  1869-72,  and  was  superintendent  of  mis 
sions  in  Kansas.  1872-73.  He  was  pastor  of  Ed 
wards  church,  Davenport,  Iowa,  1872-82  ;  of  the 
First  church,  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  1882  89,  and  of  the 
Payson  Memorial  church,  Portland,  Maine,  1889- 
94;  editor  Christian  Mirror,  Portland,  1894-99, 
and  was  elected  acting  president  of  Fisk  univer 
sity,  Nashville,  Tenn.,  in  1899,  and  president  in 
June,  1901.  The  honorary  degree  of  D.D.  was 
conferred  on  him  by  Shurtlerf  college.  111.,  in 
1887.  He  is  the  author  of  :  Children's  Sermons 
(2  vols. ),  and  contributions  to  the  Andover  Re 
view,  and  to  the  Davenport,  St.  Louis,  Portland 
and  other  papers. 

MERRILL,    John    Wesley,    clergyman,    was 
born   in    Chester,  N.H.,  May  9,  1808;  son  of  the 
Rev.  Joseph  Annis  and  Hannah  (Jevvett)  Merrill  ; 
grandson    of  Annis   and  Lydia  (Coffin)    Merrill ; 
[458] 


MERRILL 


MERRILL 


great-grandson  of  Peter  and  Priscilla  (Annis) 
Merrill  ;  and  a  descendant  of  Nathaniel  Merrill, 
who  emigrated  from  Salisbury,  England,  in  1610, 
.and  was  one  of  the  original  proprietors  of  New- 
bury,  Mass.,  1(335.  John  Wesley  Merrill  attended 
Newmarket,  Wilbraham  and  Maine  Wesleyan 
academies,  matriculated  at  Bowdoin  college,  in 
1830,  and  was  graduated  from  Wesleyan  uni 
versity,  Middletown.  Conn.,  in  1834.  He  gradu 
ated  from  Andover  Theological  seminary  in  1837; 
was  president  of  McKendree  college.  Lebanon, 
111.,  1837-41  ;  was  itinerant  minister  of  the  M.E. 
church.  New  England  conference,  1842-54-  ;  pro 
fessor  of  natural  theology  and  mental  and  moral 
philosophy  in  the  Methodist  General  Biblical 
institute.  Concord,  N.H..  1854-68  ;  resumed  the 
work  of  itinerant  minister.  1868-73.  when  he  re 
tired  from  the  ministry  and  removed  to  Concord, 
N.H.  The  honorary  degree  of  D.D.  w;is  con 
ferred  011  him  by  McKendree  college  in  1844. 
He  was  married,  Aug.  17,  1842.  to  Emily, 
(laughter  of  Enoch  Hnse,  of  Newbnryport,  Mass. 
Of  his  children,  Charles  Amos  and  Edward  A. 
became  lawyers  at  Worcester,  Mass.,  and  Con 
cord,  N.H..  respectively  :  John  Wesley  became  a 
physician  at  Boston,  and  Col.  Elijah  H.  resided 
at  San  Francisco.  Dr.  Merrill  is  the  author  of 
Xatiiwd  Tlieoloyi/  and  an  analysis  of  Butler's 
A)ialo(/!f.  He  died  in  Concord,  N.H.,  Feb.  9.  1!)00. 
MERRILL,  Lewis,  soldier,  was  born  in  New 
Berlin,  Pa,,  Oct.  24,  1834;  son  of  James  and 
Sarah  Bonde  (Lewis)  Merrill  ;  grandson  of  Jesse 
and  Priscilla  (Kimball)  Merrill  and  of  Paschal 
Lewis,  and  a  descendant  of  Nathaniel  and  Su 
sannah  (Wilterton)  Merrill.  Nathaniel  Men-ill 
was  an  original  settler  and  proprietor  of  New- 
Imry,  Mass.,  163.-).  James  Merrill  (1790-1841), 
born  at  Peacham,  Vt.,  was  graduated  at  Dart 
mouth.  1S12  ;  removed  to  York,  Pa.,  and  prac 
tised  law  at  New  Berlin.  Pa..  1815-41.  Lewis 
Merrill  matriculated  at  Lewisburg  university  in 
1S48,  but  left  before  graduation  to  enter  the 
U.S.  Military  academy.  He  was  graduated  and 
brevetted  2d  lieutenant  of  dragoons.  July  1, 
1855.  He  was  married,  May  27,  1856,  to  Anna 
Rhoda  Houston,  of  Columbia.  Pa.  He  was  pro 
moted  2d  lieutenant,  Dec.  13,  1855  ;  1st  lieutenant, 
April  24,  1861  ;  transferred  to  the  2d  Missouri 
volunteer  cavalry  as  colonel,  Aug.  23,1861,  and 
operated  in  Missouri  and  the  southwest.  1861-62. 
He  was  promoted  captain,  Oct.  1,  1861  ;  com 
manded  the  districts  of  St.  Louis  and  North  Mis 
souri  successively,  1862-63  ;  commanded  the 
cavalry  brigade  in  the  Arkansas  campaign,  1863, 
and  engaged  in  the  capture  of  Little  Rock  and 
commanded  two  brigades  of  Steele's  cavalry  in 
the  pursuit  of  General  Marmaduke.  He  was 
brevetted  major,  Sept.  10,  1863,  for  gallantry  at 
Little  Rock,  had  charge  of  the  West  division  of 


the  cavalry  bureau  at  St.  Louis,  1864,  and  there 
organized  a  provisional  brigade  of  cavalry  which 
he  commanded  at  the  beginning  of  Price's  in 
vasion  of  Missouri.  He  was  transferred  to  the 
Army  of  the  Cumberland,  and  commanded  a 
regiment  on  the  march  from  Mississippi  to  Ten 
nessee,  and  in  Georgia  and  Alabama.  1865.  He 
was  brevetted  lieutenant-colonel  U.S.A.  and 
brigadier-general  of  volunteers,  March  13,  1865, 
for  services  during  the  war,  and  was  mustered  out 
of  the  volunteer  service,  Dec.  14.  1865.  He  was 
acting  inspector-general  of  the  department  of  the 
Platte,  1866-68  ;  acting  judge-advocate,  1866-69, 
and  was  promoted  major  and  transferred  to  the 
7th  cavalry,  Nov.  27,  1868.  He  served  in  Kansas 
and  Mexico,  commanded  the  artillery  detachment 
of  Ouster's  command,  1870,  and  was  assigned  to 
a  military  district  in  South  Carolina,  where  he 
broke  up  the  Ku  Klux  conspiracy,  1871-73.  He 
received  the  thanks  of  the  war  department,  of 
the  legislature  of  South  Carolina  and  of  his  com 
mander  for  his  services,  and  he  was  nominated 
for  lieutenant-colonel,  which  was  not  confirmed 
by  the  senate  until  1891.  He  commanded  the 
district  of  the  Upper  Red  River,  La.,  1874-76, 
where  he  rendered  a  similar  service,  and  was  on 
duty  with  the  centennial  commission  at  Phila 
delphia  in  1876.  He  served  in  the  west,  1876-83  ; 
was  on  sick  leave  of  absence,  1883-86,  and  was 
retired  from  active  service,  May  21,  1886,  for  dis 
ability  received  in  the  line  of  duty.  He  died  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa..  Feb.  27,  1896. 

MERRILL,  Samuel,  governor  of  Iowa,  was 
born  in  Turner.  Maine,  Aug.  7,  1822  ;  son  of  Abel 
and  Abigail  (Hill)  Merrill  ;  grandson  of  Abel  and 
Elizabeth  (Page)  Merrill,  who  removed  from  Salis 
bury,  Mass.,  to  Oxford  county,  Maine,  in  1750  ; 
and  a  descendant  of  Nathaniel  Merrill,  Newbury, 
Mass.,  1635.  Samuel  attended  the  public  school, 
engaged  in  farming  and  school-teaching,  was 
colonel  of  state  militia,  1842-49,  and  in  1849  re 
moved  to  New  Hampshire  where  he  was  a  mer 
chant  and  a  representative  in  the  state  legislature, 
1854-55.  He  was  married  in  January.  1851,  to 
Elizabeth  Dorothy,  daughter  of  Daniel  Hill,  of 
Buxton,  Maine.  In  1856  he  removed  to  Iowa,  was 
a  merchant  at  McGregor,  a  representative  in  the 
Iowa  legislature,  1860-61  ;  with  his  brother  ad 
vanced  the  money  to  equip  the  1st,  2d  and  3d 
Iowa  volunteers,  1861  ;  and  in  August,  1862,  en 
tered  the  Federal  service  as  colonel  of  the  21st 
Iowa  infantry,  and  commanded  a  brigade  at  the 
battle  of  Harlsville,  Mo.  He  took  part  in  the 
battle  of  Port  Gibson,  where  his  horse  was  shot 
under  him,  and  at  Black  River  Bridge  where  he 
was  severely  wounded  in  a  charge  for  which  he 
was  complimented  by  General  Carr.  He  subse 
quently  served  in  Texas  and  was  honorably  dis 
charged,  May  27,  1864.  He  was  elected  Republi- 


[4591 


MERRILL 


MERRIMAN 


can  governor  of  Iowa  in  1868,  and  re-elected  in 
1870,  serving  1868-72.  The  new  capitol  building, 
for  which  lie  laid  the  corner-stone,  was  com 
menced  during  his  administration.  He  was  pre 
sident  of  the  Citizens'  National  Bank  of  Des 
Moines.  Iowa,  1872-86 ;  superintendent  of  the 
public  schools  and  trustee  of  Iowa  college  1867- 
99.  He  died  in  Los  Angeles,  C;il.,  Aug.  31,  1899. 
MERRILL,  Selah,  diplomatist,  was  born  in 
Canton  Centre.  Conn.,  May  2,  1837;  son  of 
Daniel  and  Lydia  (Richards)  Merrill  ;  grandson 
of  Daniel  and  Diadama  (Mills)  Merrill  and  a 
descendant  of  Nathaniel  Merrill,  an  original  pro 
prietor  of  Newbury,  Mass.,  1635.  He  matriculated 
at.Yale  in  the  class  of  1863,  but  left  before  grad 
uation,  entered  the  New  Haven  Theological 
seminary,  and  was  ordained  to  the  Congre 
gational  ministry  in  1864.  He  served  as  chaplain 
of  the  49th  U.S.  Colored  infantry  at  Vicksburg, 
Miss.,  1864-65  ;  preached  successively  at  Chester, 
Mass.,  Le  Roy,  N.Y.,  San  Francisco,  Cal.,  aiid 
Salmon  Falls,  N.H.,  1865-68,  and  studied  in 
German  universities,  1868-70.  He  was  married, 
April  27,  1875,  to  Adelaide  Brevvster,  daughter  of 
Oliver  B.  Taylor,  M.D.,  of  Manchester,  Conn.,  a 
lineal  descendant  of  Elder  Brewster  of  Plymouth. 
He  was  archaeologist  of  the  American  Palestine 
Exploration  society  in  the  Holy  Land,  1874-77, 
was  U.S.  consul  at  Jerusalem,  1882-86,  and 
1891-94,  and  was  reappointed  in  1898,  his  term  of 
appointment  to  end  in  1906.  While  in  Jerusalem 
he  discovered  and  excavated  the  second  wall  of 
Jerusalem,  outside  of  which  Christ  was  crucified, 
and  thus  he  secured  evidence  of  great  value 
as  to  the  disputed  site  of  Calvary.  He  made  a 
large  collection  of  Palestinian  coins,  utensils, 
birds,  mammals  and  various  natural  objects  while 
in  the  Holy  Land  and  became  curator  of  the 
Biblical  Museum  of  Andover  Theological  semi 
nary  in  1889.  He  received  the  honorary  degree 
of  A.M.  from  Yale  in  1880  "for  special  services 
in  biblical  learning;"  D.I),  from  Iowa  college  in 
1875,  and  LL.D.  from  Union  college  in  1884.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  Society  of  Biblical  Litera 
ture  and  Exegesis  and  of  the  British  Society  of 
Biblical  Archaeology.  He  contributed  numerous 
articles  to  the  Bibliotlieca  Sacra  and  other 
periodicals,  also  to  various  cyclopaedias,  English 
and  American,  and  several  reports  to  the  con 
sular  monthly  reports  published  by  the  U.S. 
government.  He  is  the  author  of  :  East  of  the 
Jordan  (1881);  Galilee  in  the  Time  of  Christ 
(1881);  parts  of  Picturesque  Palestine  (1882-83); 
Greek  Inscriptions  Collected  in  the  Years  1875-77 
in  the  Country  East  of  the  Jordan  (1885);  The 
Site  of  Calvary  (1886);  and  Reports  of  the 
Country  East  of  the  Jordan,  in  the  Fourth  State 
ment  of  the  American  Palestine  Exploration 
Society  (1887). 


MERRILL,  Stephen  Mason,  M.E.  bishop, 
was  born  in  Jefferson  county,  Ohio,  Sept.  16, 
1825  ;  son  of  Joshua  and  Rhoda  (Crosson)  Merrill,: 
grandson  of  William  Merrill,  and  a  descendant  of 
Nathaniel  Merrill,  Newbury,  1635.  He  attended 
the  public;  schools  and  South  Salem  academy, 
and  joined  the  Ohio  conference  in  1846  as  a 
travelling  preacher.  He  preached  in  Ohio  and 
Kentucky  until  1872,  when  he  was  elected  a 
bishop  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church.  He 
was  married,  July  18,  1848,  to  Anna,  daughter  of 
John  Bellmire,  of  Greenfield,  Ohio.  He  received 
the  degrees  D.D.  from  Ohio  Wesleyan,  1868,  and 
LL.D.  from  Northwestern,  1886.  He  was  editor 
of  the  Western  Christian  Advocate  at  Cincinnati, 
Ohio,  1868-72,  and  is  the  author  of:  Christian 
Baptism  (1876);  New  Testament  Idea  of  Hell 
(1878);  The  Second  Coining  of  Christ  (1879); 
Aspects  of  Christian  Experience  (1882);  Digest  of 
Methodist  Unit  (1885);  Outline  TJtoughts  on  Pro 
hibition  (1886):  Mary  of  Nazareth  and  Her 
Family ;  The  Union  of  American  Methodism; 
The  Crisis  of  This  World  and  Sanctification. 

MERRILL,  William  Henry,  editor,  was  born 
in  Stockton,  N.Y.,  July  3,  1840  ;  son  of  Eli  and 
Ann  Maria  (Burr)  Merrill  ;  grandson  of  Asa  Mer 
rill,  and  a  descendant  of  Nathaniel  Merrill,  and 
of  Eli  Burr,  one  of  the  original  settlers  of  Hart 
ford,  Conn.,  in  1635.  He  wa's  editor  of  the 
Western  Neiv  Yorker,  1861-75  ;  a  member  of  the 
New  York  state  constitutional  convention  in 
1867  ;  associate  editor  of  the  Golden  Rule,  Boston, 
1875-80,  and  leading  editorial  writer  of  the  Boston 
Herald,  1880-86.  He  was  twice  married  :  first,  in 
1863,  to  Flora  A.  Judd,  of  Warsaw.  N.Y..  and, 
secondly,  in  1883,  to  Julia  M.  C.  Beecher  Briggs 
of  Boston,  Mass.  In  1886  he  became  an  editorial 
writer  on  the  New  York  World,  and  in  1888  the 
editor,  under  Joseph  Pulitzer. 

MERRIMAN,  Daniel,  clergyman,  was  born  in 
Manchester,  Vt,,  Dec.  3,  1838;  son  of  Addison 
and  Prudence  (Adams)  Merriman  ;  grandson  of 
Capt.  Daniel  and  Martha  (Taggert)  Merriman 
and  of  John  and  Prudence  (White)  Adams, 
and  a  descendant  of  Lieut.  Nathaniel  Merri 
man,  New  Haven,  Conn.,  1643.  He  was  graduated 
from  Williams  college,  A.B.,  1863,  A.M.,  1866,  and 
from  Andover  Theological  seminary  in  1868.  He 
served  in  the  civil  war  as  1st  lieutenant  and 
adjutant,  132d  Illinois  volunteers.  He  was 
ordained  to  the  Congregational  ministry,  Sept. 
30,  1868,  and  was  pastor  of  the  Broadway  church, 
Norwich,  Conn.,  1868-75.  He  was  married,  Sept. 
1,  1874,  to  Helen,  daughter  of  Erastus  Brigham 
and  Eliza  Frances  (Means)  Bigelow  (q.v. ).  He 
was  without  charge  in  Boston,  Mass.,  1875-77, 
and  was  installed  pastor  of  the  Central  church, 
Worcester,  Mass.,  in  1878.  He  was  a  trustee  and 
secretary  of  the  corporation  of  the  Worcester 


[400] 


MERRIMAN 


MERRIMAN 


Polytechnic  institute  ;  trustee  of  Williams  col 
lege  ;  president  and  director  of  the  Worcester 
Art  museum,  and  a  trustee  of  the  "Worcester 
Memorial  hospital,  of  Atlanta  university  and  of 
Abbot  academy.  He  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
American  Antiquarian  society  in  1884  ;  the  Am 
erican  Archaeological  society  in  1891)  ;  the  Amer 
ican  Historical  association  in  1900,  and  the 
National  Geological  society  in  1901  ;  and  was  a 
member  of  the  Military  Order  of  the  Loyal 
Legion.  The  honorary  degree  of  D.D.  was  con 
ferred  on  him  by  Williams  and  Ripoii  in  1881 
and  by  Yale  in  1898.  He  contributed  to  the 
Bibliotheca  Sacra,  the  Andover  Review,  and  pub 
lished  occasional  sermons. 

MERRIMAN,  George  Benjamin,  astronomer, 
was  born  at  Pontiac,  Mich.,  April  15,  1834;  son 
of  Isaiah  and  Caroline  P.  (Dean)  Merriman,  and 
grandson  of  Joel  Merriman,  and  of  Benjamin  and 
Betsey  (Parker)  Dean.  He  was  graduated  at 
Ohio  Wesleyan  university,  A.B.,  1863,  A.M., 
I860,  and  from  the  University  of  Michigan,  A.M., 
1864.  He  was  assistant  astronomer  on  the  work 
of  the  Chili  Astronomical  expedition.  1864-66; 
assistant  professor  of  mathematics  in  the  Univer 
sity  of  Michigan,  1866-71  ;  adjunct  professor  of 
physics  there,  1871-75  ;  professor  of  mathematics 
in  Albion  college,  Mich.,  1875-77,  and  professor 
of  mathematics  and  astronomy  in  Rutgers  col 
lege.  New  Brunswick,  N.J.,  1877-93.  He  was 
married,  Aug.  11,  1891,  to  S.  Gertrude  Wright, 
daughter  of  Dr.  Thos.  L.  Savin  of  Philadelphia, 
Pa.  He  was  mathematician  and  astronomer  in 
the  U.S.  Naval  Observatory  at  Washington,  D.C., 
1893-94,  and  became  director  of  the  observatory 
at  Appleton,  Wis.,  in  1894.  He  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  New  York  Mathematical  society, 
and  of  the  American  Association  for  the 
Advancement  of  Science. 

MERRIMAN,  Helen  Bigelow,  artist  and 
author,  was  born  in  Boston,  Mass..  July  14,  1844  ; 
daughter  of  Erastus  Brigham  and  Eliza  Frances 
(Means)  Bigelow.  She  attended  the  private 
schools  of  Boston  and  devoted  herself  to  art  and 
literature.  She  was  mar-ried,  Sept.  1.  1874,  at 
Kew  church,  England,  to  the  Rev.  Daniel  Merri 
man  (q.v.).  She  is  the  author  of:  What  Shall 
Make  Us  Whole?  (1888);  Religio  Pictoris  (1899); 
and  contributed  articles  on  "The  English  Pre- 
Raphaelite  and  Political  School  of  Painters'"  to  the 
Andover  Review  of  June,  1884,  and  '•  Some  Philo 
sophical  Aspects  of  the  School  of  1830  "  to  the  same 
magazine  of  March,  1891. 

MERRIMAN,  Mansfield,  engineer,  was  born 
in  Southington,  Conn..  March  27,  1848  ;  son  of 
Mansfield  and  Lucy  (Hall)  Merriman,  and  a  de 
scendant  of  Lieut.  Nathaniel  Merriman,  one 
of  the  original  settlers  of  New  Haven,  Conn., 
1643.  He  was  graduated  at  the  Sheffie'  scien 


tific  school  at  Yale,  C.E..  1871,  and  Ph.D.,  1876. 
He  was  assistant  engineer  to  the  U.S.  corps  of 
engineers,  18.72-73 ;  instructor  in  civil  engineer 
ing  at  the  Sheffield  scientific  school,  1874-78,  and 
in  1878  became  professor  of  civil  engineering  at 
Lehigh  university,  Bethlehem,  Pa.  He  served  as 
an  assistant  on  the  U.S.  coast  and  geodetic  sur 
vey,  1880-85,  having  charge  of  the  primary  tri- 
angulation  of  Pennsylvania.  He  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  American  Society  of  Civil  Engi 
neers,  the  American  Philosophical  society  and 
the  New  York  Academy  of  Sciences.  In  1894  he 
was  vice-president  of  the  American  Association 
for  the  Advancement  of  Science  ;  in  1896,  presi 
dent  of  the  Society  for  the  Promotion  of  Engi 
neering  Education,  and  in  1900,  chairman  of  the 
American  section  of  the  International  Associ 
ation  for  Testing  Materials.  He  was  married, 
first,  in  1875,  to  Wanda  Kubale,  who  died  in  1889, 
and  secondly,  in  1891,  to  Anna  R.  Godshalk.  He 
is  the  author  of  :  Elements  of  the  Method  of  Least 
Squares  (1877);  The  Figure  of  the  Earth,  an  In 
troduction  to  Geodesy  (1881);  Text-Book  on  the 
Method  of  Least  Squares  (1884);  The  Mechanics 
of  Materials  (1885);  Treatise  on  Hydraulics 
(1889);  Elements  of  Sanitary  Engineering  (1898); 
Precise  Surveying  and  Geodesy  (1899),  and  con 
tributions  to  scientific  journals.  Jointly  with 
H.  S.  Jacoby  he  was  the  author  of:  Text- Book 
on  Roofs  and  Bridges  (4  vols.,  1888-1897);  and 
with  R.  S.  Woodward  he  edited  Higher  Mathe 
matics  (1896). 

MERRIMAN,  Truman  Adams,  representative, 
was  born  in  Auburn,  N.Y.,  Sept.  5,  1839;  son 
of  C.  II.  Merriman.  He  was  graduated  at  Hobart 
college,  New  York,  A.B.,  1861,  A.M.,  1865.  He 
organized  a  company  of  volunteer  infantry  in 
1861,  was  made  captain,  and  served  in  the  Army 
of  the  Potomac,  1861-65.  In  December,  1863,  he 
was  promoted  major  of  the  92d  New  York 
volunteers  ;  lieutenant-colonel,  June  1,  1864,  and 
was  severely  wounded  while  in  command  of  his 
regiment  at  Petersburg.  He  was  mustered  out 
of  the  service  Jan.  7,  1865.  He  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1867,  and  was  a  reporter  on  the  New 
York  Sun,  1871-85,  and  a  Democratic  representa 
tive  from  the  eleventh  New  York  district  in  the 
49th  and  50th  congresses,  1885-89.  He  engaged 
in  editorial  work  in  New  York  city,  1889-92  ;  and 
was  president  of  the  New  York  Press  Club.  He 
died  in  New  York  city,  April  16,  1892. 

MERRIMAN,  William  Edward,  clergyman 
and  educator,  was  born  at  Hinsdale,  Mass.,  Oct. 
20,  1825  ;  son  of  Addison  and  Prudence  (Adams) 
Merriman  ;  grandson  of  Daniel  and  Marti  la  (Tag- 
gart)  Merriman  and  of  -  -  and  Prudence 
(White)  Adams  ;  and  a  descendant  of  Lieut. 
Nathaniel  Merriman,  New  Haven,  1643.  He  pre 
pared  for  college  at  Burr  and  Burton  seminary, 


MERR1MON 


MERR1TT 


Manchester,  Vt.,  and  was  graduated  from  Wil 
liams  college,  A.B.,  1850,  A.M.,  1853,  and  from 
Union  Theological  seminary  in  1854.  He  was 
pastor  of  Congregational  churches  at  Batavia, 
III.,  1857-60,  and  Green  Bay,  Wis.,  1860-63: 
president  of  Ripon  college,  Wis.,  1863-76,  and 
pastor  in  Somerville,  Mass.,  1882-87.  He  was 
married.  July  7,  1857,  to  Anna  R.,  daughter  of  the 
Hon.  Samuel  D.  and  Mary  V.  S.  (Nash)  Lock- 
wood.  He  was  a  corporate  member  of  the  A.B. 
C.F.M.  In  1887  he  removed  to  Boston,  Mass., 
where  he  was  without  charge  up  to  the  time  of 
death,  Aug.  1,  1892. 

MERRIMON,  Augustus  Summerfield,  sena 
tor,  was  born  in  Buncombe  county,  N.C.,  Sept. 
15,  1830;  son  of  the  Rev.  Branch  H.  and  Mary 
(Paxton)  Merrimon  ;  grandson  of  William  and 
Sarah  Grace  (McDowell)  Paxton,  and  great- 
grandson  of  Col.  Charles  McDowell,  a  hero  of 
King's  Mountain.  His  father  was  a  Methodist 
preacher  in  Tennessee  and  North  Carolina  for 
sixty  years.  He  was  reared  on  a  farm,  pursued 
his  studies  under  the  direction  of  his  father  and 
attended  a  school  in  Asheville,  kept  by  James 
Norwood,  1850-51,  where  he  served  as  an  in 
structor  in  English.  In  1851  he  was  licensed  to 
practice  law.  He  was  county  attorney  for  Bun 
combe  and  other  western  counties  ;  represented 
Buncombe  county  in  the  state  legislature  as  a 
Whig  in  1860,  where  lie  opposed  secession,  but 
when  the  act  was  p;issed  he  enlisted  in  the  Rough 
and  Ready  Guard,  a  mountain  regiment,  was  com 
missioned  captain  on  Col.  William  Johnston's 
staff  and  assigned  to  the  commissary  department. 
He  served  at  Fort  Macon.  Ocracoke,  and  else 
where,  and  in  the  latter  part  of  1861  resigned  his 
commission,  having  been  appointed  solicitor  for 
the  8th  judicial  district  of  North  Carolina,  and 
held  the  office  till  the  close  of  the  war.  He  was 
elected  judge  of  the  8th  judicial  district  by  the 
state  legislature  in  1866.  and  served  until  the 
court  was  closed  b^v  Federal  military  orders.  He 
settled  in  Raleigh  in  flic  practice  of  law  in  1867. 
He  declined  the  nomination  of  the  Democratic 
party  for  governor  of  North  Carolina  in  1868,  and 
was  defeated  for  associate  justice  of  the  supreme 
court  the  same  year.  He  was  defeated  for  gov 
ernor  of  the  state  in  1872  by  Tod  R.  Caldwell, 
aiul  was  elected  to  the  U.S.  senate  over  Z.  B. 
Vance,  also  a  Democrat,  and  served  1873-79.  He 
was  associate  justice  of  the  supreme  court  of 
North  Carolina  as  successor  to  Thomas  Ruffin, 
resigned,  1883-89,  and  chief-justice  as  successor 
to  W.  N.  H.  Smith,  deceased,  1890-92.  He  was 
chairman  of  the  Democratic  state  executive 
committee.  He  was  married,  in  1852,  to  Margaret 
J.,  daughter  of  Israel  Baird  of  Buncombe  county, 
N.C.,  and  four  sons  and  three  daughters  survived 
him.  He  died  in  Raleigh,  N.C.,  Nov.  14,  1892. 


MERRITT,  Anna  Massey  Lea,  artist,  was 
born  in  Philadelphia.  Pa.,  Sept.  13,  1844  ;  daugh 
ter  of  Joseph  and  Susanna  (Massey)  Lea  ;  grand 
daughter  of  Joseph  and  Anna  (Robeson)  Lea 
and  of  Robert  Valentine  and  Anna  (Kimber) 
Massey,  and  a  descendant  of  Quaker  ancestors  in 
the  Kimber  and  Jackson  families,  and  of  Andrew 
Robeson,  lirst  chief-justice  of  Pennsylvania.  She 
was  privately  educated  with  unusual  care  for 
that  period.  When  seven  years  of  age  she  studied 
art  for  a  few  months  under  William  H.  Furness. 
About  1865  she  studied  under  Prof.  Heinrich 
Hoffman  in  Dresden.  In  1871  she  went  to  London, 
England,  and  there  studied  under  Henry  Mer- 
ritt,  the  artist  and  author,  to  whom  she  was  mar 
ried  April  19,  1877.  She  is  the  author  of  a  me 
morial  entitled  "  Henry  Merritt  Art  Criticism 
and  Romance,"  illustrated  by  twenty-three  etch 
ings  (1879).  She  received  a  diploma  and  medal 
at  the  Centennial  exposition,  Philadelphia,  1876, 
and  was  until  1890  a  constant  exhibitor  at  the 
Royal  Academy  :  was 
elected  a  member  of 
the  Royal  Society  of 
Painter-Etchers,  Lon 
don,  and  received  an 
award  and  medal  in 
the  British  section 
of  the  World's  Co 
lumbian  exposition, 
Chicago,  1893,  for  a 
large  decoration  in 
the  vestibule  of  the 
Women's  building. 
After  1890  she  made 
her  home  chiefly  in 
a  retired  village  in 
Hampshire.  England, 

giving  much  time  to  subjects  suggested  by 
country  scenes.  The  summers  of  1893  and  18- 
94  were  devoted  to  mural  paintings  for  St. 
Martin's  church,  near  Wanersh,  Surrey.  England. 
She  etched  two  portraits  of  Mary  Wollstonecraft 
(1879)  ;  portrait  of  Sir  Gilbert  Scott  (after  George 
Richmond)  (1883)  ;  portrait  of  Ellen  Terry  as 
Ophelia ;  and  portrait  of  James  Russell  Lowell. 
She  painted,  among  other  pictures  :  Portrait  of 
a  Young  Lady,  exhibited  at  the  Royal  Academy 
(1871)  ;  The  Pied  Piper  of  Hamelin  (1872)  ;  St. 
Cecilia  (1875);  War  (1882):  Eve  Overcome  by  Re 
morse  (1885),  which  obtained  a  medal  and  award 
from  the  British  section  at  the  Chicago  World's 
Fair,  1893  :  Camilla  (1883),  honorable  mention 
Paris  exposition.  1889  ;  Lore  Locked  Out  (1890), 
purchased  by  the  Chantrey  fund  and  ultimately 
placed  in  the  National  Gallery  of  British  Art  ; 
When  the  World  Was  Young  (1891):  .4  Piping 
Shepherd  (1895),  purchased  by  the  Pennsylvania 
Academy  of  Fine  Arts  ;  Tlie  Narrou"  Way, 

[462] 


MERRITT 


MERR1TT 


and  /  Will  Give  You  Rest.  Of  her  many 
portraits  the  more  important  include  :  General 
Dix(1876);  Lady  Dufferin  (1877);  James  Russell 
Lowell  (1882);  Miss  Marion  Lea,  her  sister  (1885); 
General  the  Earl  of  Dundonald  and  Countess 
Dundonald  (1886).  Mrs.  Merritt  is  the  author  of 
several  magazine  articles  on  gardening,  and  of  a 
book,  illustrated  by  herself,  entitled  :  ..4.  Hamlet 
in  Old  Hampshire  (1901). 

MERRITT,  Edwin  Atkins,  U.S.  consul-gen 
eral,  was  born  in  Sudbury,  Vt.,  Feb.  26,  1828  ;  son 
of  Noadiah  and  Relief  (Parker)  Merritt  ;  grand 
son  of  Noah  and  Eunice  (Metcalf)  Merritt  and  of 
Jeremiah  and  Relief  (Rogers)  Parker,  and  a  de 
scendant  in  the  eighth  generation  from  Henry 
Merritt.  born  in  Kent.  England,  1590,  who  came  to 
Scituate,  Mass.,  before  1628  ;  and  maternally  from 
John  Rogers,  burned  at  the  stake  at  Smithfield, 
1554.  He  removed  to  St.  Lawrence  county,  N.Y., 
in  1841,  and  engaged  in  business  as  a  civil  engineer 
and  surveyor.  He  was  a  member  of  the  state 
assembly,  1859-61,  and  in  1861  was  appointed  quar 
termaster  of  the  60th  New  York  volunteers.  He 
served  with  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  and  in  the 
Georgia  campaign  under  General  Sherman  ;  was 
appointed  captain  and  commissary  of  subsistence, 
U.S.  volunteers,  and  was  quartermaster-general  of 
the  state  of  New  York,  1865-69.  He  was  superin 
tendent  of  the  Soldiers'  home  and  established 
free  agencies  for  collection  of  bounties,  back  pay 
and  pensions  due  soldiers  from  New  York  state. 
He  was  a  delegate  to  the  New  York  constitutional 
convention  of  1867-68  :  was  naval  officer  of  the 
port  of  New  York,  1869-70  ;  unsuccessful  candi 
date  for  state  treasurer  in  1875.  He  was  surveyor 
of  the  port  of  New  York  in  1877  ;  collector  of  the 
the  port,  1878-81  ;  U.S.  consul-general  in  London, 
1881-85,  and  resided  in  Potsdam,  N.  Y.,  in  1902. 

MERRITT,  Wesley,  soldier,  was  born  in  New 
York  city,  June  16,  1836;  son  of  John  Willis 
Merritt,  a  lawyer,  who  abandoned  that  profession 
for  agriculture  and  removed  his  family  to  Illinois 
in  18-10.  Wesley  attended  the  school  of  the 
Christian  Brothers ;  studied  law  with  Judge 
Haynie  in  Salem,  111.,  and  was  graduated  at  the 
U.S.  Military  academy  and  brevetted  2d  lieuten 
ant  of  dragoons,  July  1,  1860.  He  was  promoted 
2d  lieutenant,  Jan.  28,  1861  ;  1st  lieutenant,  May 
13,  1861,  and  was  transferred  to  the  2d  cavalry, 
Aug.  3.1801.  He  served  successively  as  assistant 
adjutant-general  of  the  Utah  forces,  adjutant  of 
the  2d  U.S.  cavalry,  and  in  the  defence  of  Wash 
ington.  1861-62  ;  was  aide-de-camp  to  Gen.  John 
Cook,  1862-63  ;  to  Gen.  George  Stoneman  in  1863, 
and  participated  in  the  raids  toward  Richmond, 
April  13  to  May  2,  1863.  He  commanded  the  re 
serve  brigade,  1st  division,  Pleasonton's  cavalry 
corps,  at  Gettysburg  ;  was  promoted  captain  April 
5,1862;  brigadier-general  of  volunteers  June  29, 


1863,  and  was  brevetted  major,  U.S.  A.,  July  1/1863, 
for  Gettysburg.     He  served  in  Torbert's  division, 
Sheridan's  cavalry  corps,  in  the  various  engage 
ments  in  Virginia,  1863-64,  including  Sheridan's 
Richmond  raid,  the  battle  of  Cold  Harbor,  and  the 
Trevilian     raid,    and 

was  brevetted  lieu 
tenant  •  colonel,  U.S. 
A.,  May  11,  1864,  for 
the  battle  of  Yellow 
Tavern,  Va.,  and 
colonel,  U.S.A.,  May 
28, 1864,  for  the  battle 
of  Hawe's  Shop,  Va. 
He  commanded  the 
1st  division  of  Tor 
bert's  cavalry  in  the 
Shenandoah  and  Rich 
mond  campaigns, 
1864-65  ;  was  brevett- 
ed  major-general  of 
volunteers,  Oct.  19, 

1864,  for  Winchester  and  Fisher's  Hill,  Va.  ;  brig 
adier-general.  U.S.A.,  March  13,  1865,  for  Five 
Forks,  Va.  ;   major-general,  U.S.A.,   Marcli    13, 

1865,  for   services  during  the  campaign   ending 
with  the   surrender  of   the    Army   of    Northern 
Virginia.    He  was  commissioned  major-general  of' 
volunteers,  April    1,  1865,  "  for  gallant   service." 
He  was  present  at  the  surrender  of  Lee  at  App'o- 
rnattox  ;  was  successively  with  the  military  divis 
ion  of  the  Southwest,   the   department  of  Texas, 
and  the  military  division  of  the  Gulf,  1865  ;    was 
mustered  out  of  the  volunteer  service  Feb.  1,  1866  ; 
was  promoted  lieutenant-colonel  in  the  regular 
army  and  transferred  to  the  9th  cavalry,  July  28, 

1866,  and  served  principally  on  frontier  duty  in 
Texas,  Dakota,  and  Wyoming,  1866-82.     He  was 
inspector   of   cavalry,  division    of  the    Missouri, 
1875-76  ;  was  promoted  colonel  and  transferred  to 
the  5th  cavalry,  July  1,  1876,  and  served  as  a  mem 
ber  of  the   court  of  inquiry  at  Chicago,  111.,  in 
1879.     He  was  superintendent  of  the  U.S.  Military 
acadamy  from  Sept.  1,  1882,  to  June  30, 1887  ;  was 
promoted   brigadier-general,    U.S.A.,    April    16, 
1887,   and    commanded    the  Department   of  the 
Missouri,  1887-91   and    1895-97  ;  the  Department 
of  Dakota,  1891-95,    and  the  Department  of  the 
East,  witli  headquarters  at  Governor's  Island,  New 
York  harbor,  1897-98.     He  was  promoted   major- 
general,  U.S.A.,  April  25, 1895,  and  was  appointed 
to  the  command  of  the  forces  in  the   Philippines 
as  military  governor  in  May,  1898.     He  was  a  del 
egate   to  the  U.S.  peace  commission   at  Paris  in 
October,  1898,  was   retired  by   operation  of   law, 
June  16,  1900.     He  was  married  in  Europe,  in  1871 , 
to     Caroline   Warren    of   Cincinnati,    Ohio,   and 
secondly,    in    London,    Oct.  24,    1898,    to    Laura, 
daughter  of  Norman  Williams  of  Chicago,  111. 


[403] 


MERVINE 


MESSER 


MERVINE,  William,  naval  officer,  was  born 
in  Pennsylvania  in  1790.  He  entered  the  U.S. 
navy  as  midshipman,  Jan.  16,  1809  ;  served 
through  the  war  of  1813  ;  was  promoted  lieuten 
ant  Feb.  4,  1815;  commander  June  13,  1834  ;  and 
captain,  Sept.  8,  1841.  He  was  on  duty  afloat 
twenty-five  years,  on  shore  duty  four  years,  and 
awaiting  orders  or  on  furlough  twenty-three  years. 
He  served  during  the  first  year  of  the  civil  war, 
at  the  age  of  seventy-one,  but  was  forced  to  re 
tire  owing  to  ill-health.  He  was  placed  on  the 
retired  list,  Dec.  21,  1861  ;  was  retired  with  the 
rank  of  commodore,  July  16,  18C3  ;  was  promoted 
rear-admiral  on  the  retired  list,  July  35,  1866, 
and  died  at  Utica,  N.Y.,  Sept.  15,  1868. 

MERWIN,  Orange,  representative,  was  born 
in  New  Milford,  Conn.,  April  6,  1777  ;  son  of 
David  and  Tamesin  (Comstock)  Merwin  ;  grand 
son  of  Joseph  and  Margaret  (Fowler)  Merwin,  and 
fifth  in  direct  line  of  descent  from  Miles  Merwin, 
who  came  from  England  in  1645  and  settled  on  a 
tract  of  lani  in  Connecticut  on  the  Long  Island 
sound,  known  as  Pond  Point  or  Merwin's  Point, 
Milford.  He  was  a  student  at  the  academy  ;  and 
was  a  representative  from  Connecticut  in  the  19th 
and  20th  congresses,  1825-29.  He  was  twice  mar 
ried,  first  to  Tryphene  Warner,  and  secondly  to 
Lydia  S.  Bostwick.  He  died  in  New  Milford, 
Conn.,  Sept.  4,  1853. 

MESERVE,  Charles  Francis,  educator,  was 
born  in  North  Abington,  Mass.,  July  15,  1850  ; 
son  of  Charles  and  Susanna  (Blanchard)  Me- 
serve;  grandson  of  Solomon  Meserve.of  Dresden, 
Maine,  who  died  in  the  service  of  his  country  in 
the  war  of  1812,  and  a  descendant  of  Clement 
Meserve,  who  came  from  the  Isle  of  Jersey  and 
settled  in  New  Hampshire  about  1670.  He  at 
tended  the  public  schools  of  North  Abington  ; 
assisted  his  father  in  shoemaking,  1864-69  ;  was 
prepared  for  college  at  the  Classical  institute, 
Water ville,  Maine,  and  was  graduated  at  Colby 
university,  Waterville,  A.B.,  1877,  A.M.,  1880. 
He  was  the  principal  of  the  high  school  at  Rock- 
land,  Mass.,  1877-85  ;  principal  of  the  Oak  Street 
school,  Springfield,  Mass.,  1885-89 ;  superintend 
ent  of  Haskell  institute,  the  U.S.  Indian  indus 
trial  training  school  at  Lawrence,  Kan.,  1889-94, 
and  in  1894  became  president  of  Shaw  university 
at  Kaleigh,  N.C.  He  served  as  a  special  agent 
of  the  National  Indian  Rights  association 
of  Philadelphia  in  1896,  making  a  personal  in 
vestigation  of  the  work  of  the  Dawes  Commission 
among  the  five  civilized  tribes  in  the  Indian  Ter 
ritory.  His  report  was  favorable  to  the  work  of 
the  commission.  Ex-Senator  Dawes  stating  that 
this  report  made  possible  the  subsequent  success 
of  the  Dawes  Commission.  He  was  married,  Dec. 
19,  1878.  to  Abbie  Mary,  daughter  of  David  and 
Mary  (Ricker)  Whittier,  of  Bangor,  Maine.  His 


wife  died  Oct.  6,  1898,  leaving  a  daughter, 
Alice  Whittier,  who  was  in  1902  a  student  at 
Vassar  college.  On  May  16,  1900,  he  was  married 
to  Julia  Francis,  daughter  of  John  White  and 
Julia  (Moore)  Philbrick,  of  Waterville,  Maine.  He 
received  the  honorary  degree  of  LL.D.  from  Colby 
in  1900.  He  delivered  addresses,  contributed  arti 
cles  on  the  Negro  and  Indian  problems,  and  is 
the  author  of  the  History  of  the  Towns  of  Abing 
ton,  Whitman  and  Rockland,  in  Lewis's  His 
tory  of  Plymouth  County,  Mass.  (1884). 

MESSENGER,  Lillian  Rozell,  author,  was 
born  near  Milburn,  Ballard  county,  Ky.,  in  1844  ; 
daughter  of  Dr.  Francis  Overtoil  and  Caroline 
(Cole)  Rozell,  both  natives  of  Virginia,  and  a  de 
scendant  of  John  Laurence  Rozell.  She  was 
graduated  from  Forest  Hill  institute,  Tennessee, 
and  studied  music  and  art.  She  was  married, 
1861,  to  North  A.  Messenger,  of  Tuscumbia,  Ala., 
and  upon  his  death  in  1866  engaged  in  newspaper 
work.  She  removed  to  Arkansas  in  1868,  tem 
porarily,  and  was  the  first  woman  elected  a 
member  of  the  State  Press  association  of  that 
state.  She  subsequently  resided  in  Washington, 
D.C.,  and  engaged  in  general  literary  work.  She 
was  one  of  the  charter  members  of  the  Daughters 
of  the  American  Revolution.  She  is  the  aiithor 
of  several  books  of  poems,  including :  -Threads  of 
Fate  (1873);  Fragments  from  an  Old  Inn  (1885); 
The  Vision  of  Gold  (1886);  The  Southern  Cross 
(1891);  Columbus  (1893);  In'  the  Heart  of  Amer 
ica  (1892). 

MESSER,  Asa,  educator,  was  born  in  Me- 
thuen,  Mass.,  in  1769;  son  of  Asa  and  Abiah 
Messer.  He  lived  on  his  father's  farm  until  1783  ; 
was  a  clerk  in  a  store  at  Haverhill.  1782-83  :  pre 
pared  for  college  under  the  Rev.  Dr.  Hezekiah 
Smith  of  Haverhill,  and  the 
Rev.  Mr.  Williams,  a  Scotch 
clergyman  in  Windham, 
N.H.,  until  1786:  and  was 
graduated  at  Brown  univer 
sity,  A.B.,  1790,  A.M.,  1793. 
He  was  tutor  at  Brown,  17- 
91-96 ;  college  librarian,  17- 
92-99  ;  professor  of  learned  languages,  1799-96, 
and  of  mathematics  and  natural  philosophy, 
1799-1802.  He  was  ordained  to  the  Baptist 
ministry  in  1802  and  preached  occasionally 
for  congregations  of  different  denominations. 
He  was  acting  president  of  Brown  university 
as  successor  to  the  Rev.  Jonathan  Maxcy,  re 
signed,  1802-04,  and  president  by  election,  18- 
04-26.  He  resigned  in  1826  and  settled  on  a 
farm  in  the  suburbs  of  Providence,  R.I.,  fill 
ing  various  local  offices  in  Providence.  He  re 
ceived  the  degree  D.D.  from  Brown  university  in 
1806.  LL.D.  from  the  University  of  Vermont  in 
1812,  and  D.D.  from  Harvard  in  1820.  He  was 


[464] 


MESSLER 


METCALF 


married,  May  11,  1797,  to  Deborah,  daughter  of 
Hope  and  Avis  Angell  of  North  Providence,  R.I. 
He  died  in  Providence,  R.I.,  Oct.  11,  1836. 

MESSLER,  Abraham,  clergyman  arid  author, 
was  born  in  Readington,  N.J.,  Nov.  15,  1800 ;  son 
of  Cornelius  and  Maria  (Stryker)  Messier;  grand 
son  of  Cornelius  and  Maria  (Dorlandt)  Messier, 
and  a  descendant  of  Teunis  Thomasen  Metselaer, 
who  came  from  Holland  in  1641  and  settled  in 
New  Amsterdam,  and  Belitze  (Jacobs)  Metselaer, 
his  wife.  He  was  prepared  for  college  at  New 
•Germantown  and  Lamington,  N.J.,  was  gradu 
ated  at  Union  college,  N.Y.,  in  1821,  and  at  the 
New  Brunswick  Theological  seminary,  N.J.,  in 
1824,  and  was  licensed  by  the  classis  of  New 
Brunswick  in  1824.  Reserved  as  a  missionary  at 
Montville,  N.J.,  and  Ovid,  N.Y.,  1824-25;  was 
pastor  at  Ovid,  N.Y.,  1825-29  ;  at  Pompton  Plains 
and  Montville,  N.J.,  1829-32,  and  of  the  First 
Dutch  Reformed  church  at  Raritan,  N.J.,  1832- 
79.  He  received  the  degree  D.D.  from  Rutgers 
college  in  1843,  and  was  a  trustee  of  that  institu 
tion,  1845-82.  He  was  married,  Sept.  11,  1826,  to 
Eleanor,  daughter  of  Cornelius  and  Eleanor 
(Mandeville)  Doremus,  and  their  son,  Thomas 
Dorernus  Messier  of  Pittsburg,  who  died  Aug. 
11,  1893,  was  vice-president  of  the  Pennsylvania 
company,  controlling  and  operating  the  lines  of 
the  Pennsylvania  Railroad  company  west  of 
Pittsburg.  Dr.  Messier  is  the  author  of :  Fruits 
of  Early  Piety  (1838);  St.  Paul's  Gratitude  to 
Onesipliorus  (1839);  Sermon  on  the  Death  of 
President  Lincoln  (1865);  Eight  Memorial  Ser 
mons  and  Historical  Notes  on  Churches  in  Som 
erset  County,  N.J.  (1873);  Life  and  Public 
Services  of  Ex-Governor  Vroom  (1874);  and  Cen 
tennial  History  of  Somerset  County,  N.J,  (1878). 
He  died  at  Somerville,  N.J.,  June  12,  1882. 

MESSMER,  Sebastian  Qebhard,  R.C.  bishop, 
was  born  in  Goldach,  Switzerland,  Aug.  29,  1847  ; 
son  of  Sebastian  Gebhard  and  Rosa  (Baum- 
gartner)  Messmer.  He  attended  St.  George  col 
lege,  St.  Gall,  Switzerland,  1861-66,  and  the 
University  of  Innsbruck,  Austria,  1866-7L  He 
was  ordained  July  23,  1871,  at  Innsbruck,  Austria. 
He  was  professor  of  theology  at  Seton  Hall  col 
lege,  South  Orange,  N.J.,  1871-89,  and  professor  of 
canon  law  at  the  Catholic  university,  Washington, 
D.C.,  1890-92.  He  was  created  D.D.  by  Pope  Leo, 
1885,  and  D.C.L.  by  the  Collegio  Apollinare  at 
Rome  in  1890.  He  was  appointed  bishop  of  Green 
Bay,  Wis.,  Dec.  14,  1891,  and  was  consecrated  at 
Newark,  N.J.,  March  27,  1892,  by  Bishop  Zardetti 
of  St.  Cloud,  Minn.,  assisted  by  Bishop  Wigger  of 
Newark  and  Bishop  Keane  of  the  University  of 
Washington.  He  is  the  author  of  :  Praxis 
Synodalis  (1883),  and  edited  Canonical  Proced 
ure  (1886)  and  Spirago's  Method  of  Christian 
Doctrine  (1901). 


METCALF,  Anna,  librarian,  was  born  in  Cum 
berland,  R.I.,  Feb.  8,  1840;  daughter  of  Lewis 
and  Lucy  (Daniels)  Metcalf  ;  granddaughter  of 
Liberty  and  Selinda  (Brown)  Metcalf  and  of 
Joseph  and  Anna  (Harris)  Daniels,  and  a  lineal 
descendant  from  the  Rev.  Michael  Metcalf,  (1585- 
1664)  and  from  Chad  Brown  (q.  v. ) .  She  attended 
the  public  schools  of  Woonsocket,  R.I.,  and  private 
schools  ;  was  a  teacher  in  the  Highland  Military 
school,  1860-63,  and  the  Woonsocket  high-school, 
1863-72 ;  was  librarian  of  the  Harris  Institute 
library,  1883-97;  and  was  appointed  reference' 
librarian  in  the  Brown  University  library  in  1897. 

METCALF,  Lorettus  Sutton,  editor,  was  born 
in  Monmouth,  Maine,  Oct.  17,  1837  ;  son  of  Mason 
Jerome  (q.v.)  and  Hannah  Elizabeth  (Welch) 
Metcalf.  He  attended  Monmouth  academy  and  the 
Boston  schools.  He  was  married,  Sept.  12,  1861, 
to  Amanda  Ames,  daughter  of  John  Lemont  of 
Bath,  Maine.  In  1866  he  began  to  contribute 
to  newspapers  in  Boston.  He  edited  the  Mes 
senger,  a  weekly  paper,  in  Maiden,  Mass.,  1871, 
and  he  was  editor  of  five  weekly  papers  published 
near  Boston,  1872-76.  He  was  business  manager 
and  managing  editor  of  the  North  American  Re 
view,  New  York  city,  1876-85,  and  in  1886  estab 
lished  The  Forum,  devoted  to  the  discussion  of 
current  questions,  and  edited  it  until  1891.  He 
founded  the  Florida  Daily  Citizen,  Jacksonville, 
Fla.,  and  edited  it,  1893-97,  and  in  the  latter  year 
he  returned  to  New  York  and  devoted  himself  to 
literary  work  of  various  kinds.  He  traveled  ex 
tensively  in  the  United  States  and  Europe,  and 
was  elected  a  member  of  the  'Century  associa 
tion,  the  Authors  club,  and  several  scientific  and 
philosophical  societies.  He  received  the  honorary 
degree  A.M.  from  Bates  college,  Maine,  in  1889, 
and  that  of  LL.D.  from  Iowa  college  in  1890. 

METCALF,  Mason  Jerome,  inventor,  was 
born  in  Fairfax,  Maine,  Oct.  18,  1807  ;  son  of 
Solomon  and  Hannah  (Donnell)  Metcalf  ;  grand 
son  of  Simeon  Metcalf,  and  a  descendant  of  the 
Rev.  Michael  Metcalf,  son  of  the  Rev.  Leonard 
Metcalf,  for  many  years  prior  to  1616  rector  of 
Norwich  cathedral,  Norfolk  county,  England. 
Michael,  the  first  in  America,  a  Puritan,  came 
from  Yarmouth  to  Boston  with  his  wife  Sarah 
and  nine  children  in  1637,  and  settled  at  Dedham. 
Solomon  Metcalf  was  a  school-teacher,  and  with 
his  family  went  from  Maine  to  Zanesville,  Ohio. 
The  family  returned  to  Litchfield,  Maine,  and 
the  son  completed  his  education  in  the  academy  at 
Monmouth,  Maine.  Mason  engaged  in  the  manu 
facture  of  stencils  in  Boston,  at  the  same  time 
conducting  three  mills  at  Monmouth.  He  was 
married,  Nov.  13,  1834,  to  Hannah  Elizabeth, 
daughter  of  John  and  Rosalinda  (Straw)  Welch 
of  Monmouth.  He  resided  alternately  in  Boston 
and  Monmouth  until  1864,  and  thereafter  at 


[4651 


METCALF 


METCALFE 


Monmouth.  He  invented  a  method  of  producing 
letter  stencils  by  means  of  dies  ;  a  form  of  fence 
made  of  slabs  from  saw-mills,  which  was  widely 
adopted,  and  a  fan  wheel  for  ventilation.  He 
experimented  with  models  for  flying-machines, 
the  principle  involving  the  use  of  a  fan  wheel  or 
propeller.  Another  device  was  a  plough  having 
a  revolving  cylinder  with  curved  teeth,  that 
could  turn  up  the  soil  and  at  the  same  time 
pulverize  it.  He  never  patented  an  invention. 
He  was  one  of  the  organizers  and  the  first  deacon 
of  the  Congregational  church  of  Monmouth.  He 
died  in  Monmouth,  Maine,  July  23,  1883. 

METCALF,  Ralph,  governor  of  New  Hamp 
shire,  was  born  in  Charlestown,  N.H..  Nov.  21, 
1798;  son  of  John  and  Robey  (Converse)  Metcalf  ; 
grandson  of  Samuel  and  Hannah  (Richardson) 
Metcalf  and  of  John  and  Kezia  (Nichols)  Con 
verse,  and  a  descendant  of  the  Rev.  Michael  Met 
calf.  Samuel  Metcalf  served  in  the  Revolutionary 
war.  Ralph  was  brought  up  on  his  father's  farm, 
attended  the  district  schools  of  the  neighborhood  ; 
was  graduated  at  Dartmouth  in  1823;  was  admit 
ted  to  the  bar  in  1826,  and  practised  first  in  New 
port  and  later  in  Claremont,  N.H.  He  was  secre 
tary  of  state,  1830-38  ;  declined  the  office  of  attor 
ney-general  of  New  Hampshire,  held  a  clerkship 
in  Washington,  D.C.,  1838-40,  and  while  there  re 
fused  the  editorship  of  a  leading  Washington 
paper.  He  was  register  of  probate  for  Sullivan 
county,  N.H.,  in  1845,  a  representative  in  the 
New  Hampshire  legislature,  1852-53,  and  was 
elected  governor  of  New  Hampshire  by  the  Na 
tive  American  party  and  re-elected,  serving.  1855- 
57.  He  died  in  Claremont.N.H.,  Aug.  26,  1858. 

METCALF,  Theron,  jurist,  was  born  in  Frank 
lin,  Mass.,  October,  1784  ;  son  of  Hanan  and 
Mary  (Allen)  Metcalf,  and  a  descendant  of  the 
Rev.  Michael  Metcalf.  He  graduated  at  Brown, 
A.B.,  1805,  A.M.,  1808  ;  studied  in  the  Litchfield 
Law  school  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1807.  He  practised  in  Franklin,  Mass.,  in  1808, 
and  at  Dedliam,  1809-39.  He  was  attorney  for 
Norfolk  county,  1817-29  :  a  representative  in  the 
Massachusetts  legislature  in  1831  and  1833-34, 
and  a  state  senator  in  1835.  He  conducted  a  law 
school  in  Dedliam  in  1828,  and  edited  the  Ded- 
ham  Gazette.  He  was  reporter  of  the  decisions 
of  the  Massachusetts  supreme  judicial  court, 
1839-48,  and  judge  of  the  supreme  judicial  court 
of  Massachusetts,  1848-65.  He  was  married, 
Nov.  5,  1809,  to  Julia,  daughter  of  Uriah  Tracey, 
U.S.  senator  from  Connecticut,  and  their  son, 
Theodore  Metcalf,  born  Jan.  21,  1812.  was  a  promi 
nent  druggist  in  Boston.  He  received  the  de 
gree  LL.D.  from  Brown  in  1844  and  from  Harvard 
in  1848.  He  edited  The  General  Laws  of  Mas 
sachusetts  till  JS.?,2  (2  vols.,  1823);  George  Maule 
and  William  Sehuyn's  "Reports;"  Russell  on 


"  Crimes  ;  "  Starkie  on  "  Evidence,"  and  Yelver- 
ton's  ' '  Reports,"  and  is  the  author  of  :  A  Digest  of 
the  Cases  Decided  in  tlie  Supreme  Judicial  Court 
of  Massachusetts,  18 16-. '3  (1825);  Reports  from 
1840-47  (13  vols.,  1840-51);  Digest  of  Decisions  of 
Courts  of  Common  Law  and  Admiralty  in  the 
United  States  (Vol.  I.,  1840);  Supplement  to  the 
Revised  Statutes  of  Massachusetts  till  1844,  with 
Luther  S.  Cushing  (1844).  He  died  in  Boston, 
Mass.,  Nov.  13,  1875. 

METCALF,  Victor  Howard,  representative, 
was  born  in  Utica,  N.Y.,  Oct.  10,  1853  ;  son  of 
William  and  Sarah  P.  Metcalf.  He  was  grad 
uated  at  the  Utica  Free  academy  in  1871  ;  at 
Russell's  Military  academy,  New  Haven,  Conn., 
in  1872  ;  matriculated  at  Yale  with  the  class  of 
1876,  but  transferred  to  the  law  department  in 

1875,  and  he  also  studied  during  vacations  in  the 
offices   of  Senator   Francis  Kernan  and   Horatio 
and   John   F.    Seymour.     He   was   graduated   at 
Yale,  LL.B.,  in  1876  ;  was  admitted  to  practice  in 

1876,  and  practised  at  Utica,  N.Y.,  1877-79.     He 
removed    to   Califoniia     in    1879,  settled  in  Oak 
land,  and  in  1881  formed  a  law   partnership  with 
George   Dickinson    Metcalf.     He    was    married. 
April   11,  1882,    to    Emily   Corinne,    daughter  of 
John    H.  and   Emily  Virginia  Nicholson  of  Oak 
land,  Cal.     He  was  a  Republican  representative 
from   the   third   California   district  in    the    56th 
and  57th  congresses,  1899-1903. 

METCALFE,  Henry,  soldier,  was  born  in  New- 
York  city,  Oct.  29,  1847  ;  son  of  Dr.  John  T.  and 
Augusta  (Colles)  Metcalf e.  He  was  graduated 
at  the  U.S.  Military  academy,  promoted  2d  lieu 
tenant  and  assigned 
to  the  ordnance  de 
partment,  June  15, 
1868.  He  served  as 
assistant  professor  of 
Spanish  language  at 
the  U.S.  Military 
academy  in  1869  ;  and 
as  aide-de-camp  to 
Gen.  H.  W.  Halleck. 
1869-70.  He  was 
married,  April  20. 
1870,  to  Harriet  P., 
daughter  of  John  H. 
Nichols  of  Kenosha, 
Wis.  He  was  assist 
ant  ordnance  officer  at 

Springfield,  Mass.,  1870-75.  He  was  inspector  of 
contracts  with  the  Turkish  government  for  arms 
and  ammunition,  1873-74  ;  was  promoted  1st 
lieutenant,  June  23,  1874  ;  prepared  the  ordnance 
department  exhibit  for  the  Centennial  exposition 
of  1876  at  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  superintended  the 
erection  of  the  government  building  on  the  expo 
sition  grounds,  took  charge  of  the  ordnance  ex- 


[406] 


METCALFE 


MEYER 


hibit  .and  served  as  executive  officer  of  the  board 
on  behalf  of  the  executive  departments  of  our 
government,  1875-77.  He  was  assistant  ordnance 
officer  at  Frankford  arsenal,  Pa.,  1877-78  ;  mem 
ber  of  the  examining  board  for  transfer  of  officers 
to  ordnance  corps  in  May,  1878,  and  was  inspector 
of  contract  for  small  arms  ammunition  and 
assistant  ordnance  officer  at  Frankford  arsenal, 
Pa..  1878-81.  He  was  promoted  captain,  March  4, 
1879  ;  was  assistant  .ordnance  officer  at  Benicia 
arsenal,  Cal.,  1881-84;  at  Watervliet  arsenal, 
N.Y..  1884-8(5,  and  instructor  in  ordnance  and 
gunnery  and  in  command  of  the  ordnance  depart 
ment  in  the  U.S.  Military  academy,  1886-91.  He 
was  on  sick  leave,  1891-93,  and  was  retired  for 
disability  in  line  of  duty.  Oct.  26.  1893.  He  in 
vented,  in  1873.  the  first  detachable  magazine  for 
small  arms  used  by  troops  ;  also  the  stacking 
swivel  for  sm:ill  arms.  He  received  the  order  of 
the  Osmanieh  of  the  second  class  from  the  Sultan 
of  Turkey  in  1876.  He  is  the  author  of:  The  Cost 
of  Manufactures  and  the  Administration  of 
Workshop*,  Public  and  Frit-ate  (1885),  and 
Course  of  Ordnance  and  Gunnery  for  the  Instruc 
tion  of  the  Cadets  of  the  U.S.  Military  Academy 
(1890). 

METCALFE,  John  T.,  physician,  was  born  in 
Natchez,  Miss..  July  10,  1818  ;  son  of  Dr.  James 
and  Sarah  (Baker)  Metcalfe,  and  grandson  of  John 
Metcalfe.  He  was  graduated  at  the  U.S.  Military 
academy  and  promoted  3d  lieutenant  in  the  3d 
artillery,  July  1,  1838.  He  was  transferred  to 
the  ordnance  department,  July  9,  1838  ;  served  in 
command  of  the  Augusta  arsenal,  Ga.,  in  1838, 
and  commanded  Garey's  Ferry  ordnance  depot 
during  the  Florida  war,  1838-39.  He  resigned 
from  the  U.S.  Army,  May  31,  1840.  and  was 
graduated  at  the  University  of  Pennsylvania, 
M.D.,  1843.  He  was  married,  Aug.  14,  1845,  to 
Augusta,  daughter  of  James  Colles  of  Morristown, 
N.J.  He  settled  in  practice  near  Natchez,  Miss., 
in  1845,  removing  to  New  York  city  in  1846.  He 
was  professor  of  the  institutes  and  practice  of 
medicine  in  the  University  of  the  City  of  New 
Y"ork,  1855-66,  and  of  clinical  medicine  in  the 
College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  New  York 
city,  in  1866. 

METCALFE,  Thomas,  governor  of  Kentucky, 
was  born  in  Fauquier  count}',  Va.,  March  20, 
1780.  His  parents  removed  to  Fayette  county, 
Ky.,  during  his  early  boyhood  and  he  was  appren 
ticed  to  an  older  brother,  a  stonemason,  1796-99. 
On  the  death  of  his  father  in  1799  he  was  released 
that  he  might  be  able  to  support  his  mother 
and  her  children.  He  engaged  in  stone-cutting, 
devoted  his  leisure  hours  to  study,  and  in  1809 
made  his  first  public  speech  in  favor  of  proclaim 
ing  war  with  Spain  and  calling  on  the  states  for 
volunteers.  In  1813  he  raised  a  company  of 


volunteers  and  fought  in  the  battle  of  Fort  Meigs 
under  Boswell,  his  gallantry  being  recognized  by 
General  Harrison.  He  was  a  representative  from 
Nicholas  county  in  the  state  legislature,  1812-16, 
and  a  Clay  representative  from  Kentucky  in  the 
16th-20th  congresses,  serving  1819-28.  He  re 
signed,  June  1,  1828,  upon  receiving  the  nomi 
nation  of  the  national  Republican  party  for 
governor.  He  was  governor  of  Kentucky,  1829- 
33.  retired  to  his  farm  in  Nicholas  county  in  1833, 
and  was  a  state  senator,  1834,  He  was  president 
of  the  board  of  internal  improvements  in  1840, 
and  was  elected  U.S.  senator,  July  3,  1848,  to  fill 
out  the  unexpired  term  of  John  J.  Crittenden, 
who  resigned  to  become  governor  of  Kentucky, 
and  at  the  close  of  the  term,  March  3,  1849,  he 
retired  to  his  farm,  "  Forest  Retreat."  He  was 
known  as  "  Old  Stone  Hammer,"  a  title  bestowed 
by  his  admirers,  who  were  proud  of  his  early 
struggles  with  poverty.  He  died  at  "  Forest 
Retreat,"  Nicholas  count}',  Ky.,  Aug.  18,  1855. 

MEYER,  Adolph,  representative,  was  born 
Oct.  19,  1842.  He  was  a  student  in  the  Univer 
sity  of  Virginia  and  left  in  1862  to  enter  the 
Confederate  army,  serving  on  the  staff  of  Gen. 
John  S.  Williams  of  Kentucky  until  the  close  of 
the  war,  rising  to  the  rank  of  assistant  adjutant- 
general.  He  settled  in  Louisiana  in  1865,  and 
engaged  in  cultivating  cotton  and  sugar,  and  in 
commercial  and  financial  pursuits  in  New  Orleans, 
He  was  elected  colonel  of  the  1st  regiment  of  the 
Louisiana  state  national  guard  in  1879,  and  was 
appointed  brigadier-general  to  command  the  1st 
brigade,  embracing  all  the  uniformed  corps  of 
the  state  of  Louisiana,  in  1881.  He  was  a  Demo 
cratic  representative  from  the  first  Louisiana 
district  in  the  52d,  53d,  54th,  55th,  56th  and  57th 
congresses,  1891-1903. 

MEYER,  Annie  Nathan,  educationist,  was 
born  in  New  York  city,  Feb.  19,  1867  ;  daughter 
of  Robert  Weeks  and  Annie  (Florance)  Nathan  ; 
granddaughter  of  Seixas  and  Sarah  (Seixas) 
Nathan  and  of  William  J.  and  Matilda  (Seixas) 
Florance.  Her  paternal  great-grandfather,  born  in 
England,  fought  on  the  American  side  in  the 
Revolution,  and  her  maternal  great-grandfather, 
Gershom  Seixas,  a  rabbi  in  New  York,  also  sided 
with  the  colonists,  and  was  a  trustee  of  Columbia 
college,  1784-1815.  Her  father's  sister  was  the 
mother  of  Emma  Lazarus  (q.  v.).  She  made  a 
special  study  of  the  education  of  women  and  was 
one  of  the  first  to  take  the  entrance  examinations 
for  the  women's  course  at  Columbia  in  1885. 
She  was  married,  Feb.  15,  1887,  to  Dr.  Alfred 
Meyer.  In  February.  1888.  an  article  by  her  on 
"  Woman's  Education  in  New  York  "  appeared 
in  the  Nation,  making  a  plea  for  the  establish 
ment  of  a  college  affiliated  with  Columbia.  This 
was  the  first  call  that  gathered  together  the 

[407] 


MEYER 


MICHEL 


founders  of  Barnard  college,  among  whom  Mrs. 
Mever  was  one  of  the  most  prominent.  She  was 
instrumental  in  raising  the  funds  for  the  support 
of  the  college  during  the  early  years  of  its  exist 
ence  and  was  made  a  charter  member  of  the 
board  of  trustees  in  1889.  She  was  chairman  of 
the  committee  on  literature  at  the  World's  Fair 
congress,  Chicago,  1893.  and  became  well  known 
as  a  public  speaker.  Her  published  works  in 
clude  :  Woman's  Work  in  America  (edited,  1891); 
Helen  Brent,  M.D.  (1893);  My  Park  Book  (1898); 
Robert  Annys :  Poor  Priest  (1901);  and  many 
contributions  to  periodicals. 

MEYER,  George  von  Lengerke,  diplomatist, 
was  born  in  Boston,  Mass.,  June  24,  1858  ;  son  of 
George  A.  and  Grace  Helen  (Parker)  Meyer ; 
grandson  of  George  Augustus  and (von  Len 
gerke)  Meyer  of  New  York,  and  of  William  and 

(Stevens)  Parker  of  Boston,  and  a  descendant 

of  Heinrich  Ernst 
Ludwig  Meyer  of  Ger 
many,  and  on  his 
mother's  side,  of  Bish 
op  Parker  of  Massa 
chusetts.  His  great 
iincle,  Lieut. -Col.  F. 
L.  Meyer  of  the  3d 
Hussars,  King's  Ger 
man  Legion,  was 
killed  at  the  battle  of 
Waterloo.  His  father 
was  a  merchant  on 
India  wharf,  Boston, 
1848-78.  He  was 
graduated  at  Harvard 
in  1879.  He  engaged 
in  business  in  the  office  of  Alpheus  H.  Hardy  & 
Co.  of  Boston,  1879-81,  and  in  1881  as  a  member 
of  the  firm  of  Linder  &  Meyer,  Boston.  He  was 
married,  in  Lenox,  Mass.,  June  25,  1885,  to  Alice, 
daughter  of  Charles  Hook  and  Isabella  (Mason) 

Appleton.  and  granddaughter  of  William  and 

(Cutler)  Appleton.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
city  council,  1889-90;  alderman,  1891  ;  represen 
tative  in  the  state  legislature,  1892-96,  and 
speaker  of  the  house.  1894.  1895  and  1896.  He 
was  a  Republican  national  committeeman.  1900. 
In  December,  1900,  he  was  named  by  President 
McKinley  for  U.S.  ambassador  to  Italy  as  succes 
sor  to  Gen.  William  F.  Draper,  resigned,  and  in 
January,  1901,  he  sailed  with  his  family  for  Rome, 
presenting  his  credentials  the  same  month, 
and  establishing  the  American  embassy  in  Pa 
lazzo  Brancaccio,  Rome. 

MICHAUD,  John  Stephen,  R.C.  bishop,  was 
born  in  Burlington,  Vt.,  Nov.  24,  1843;  son  of 
Stephen  and  Catharine  (O'Rogan)  Michaud.  He 
attended  Montreal  college,  Canada  ;  was  gradu 
ated  from  Holy  Cross,  Worcester,  Mass.,  1870  ; 

[468] 


attended  St.  Joseph's  seminary,  Troy,  N.Y.,  and 
was  ordained  priest  June  7,  1873.  He  was  ap 
pointed  bishop  coadjutor  of  Burlington,  Vt.,  and 
was  consecrated  in  the  cathedral  of  the  Im 
maculate  Conception,  June  29,  1892,  by  Arch 
bishop  Williams,  assisted  by  Bishops  Bradley  and 
Gabriels,  his  title  being ' '  Bishop  of  Modra."  Upon 
the  death  of  Bishop  De  Goesbriand,  Nov.  3,  1899, 
he  succeeded  him  as  bishop  of  Burlington. 

MICHEL,  Richard  Fraser,  surgeon,  was  born 
in  Charleston,  S.C.,  Feb.  15,  1827;  son  of  Dr. 
William  and  Eugenia  Ash  (Fraser)  Michel,  and 
of  French  and  Scotch  ancestry.  He  was  educated 
in  his  native  state  and  in  Philadelphia,  graduat 
ing  at  the  Medical  College  of  Charleston  in  1847. 
He  was  professor  of  materia  medica  at  South 
Carolina  Medical  institute,  1847-60  :  demon 
strated  anatomy  for  many  years  in  Charles 
ton  to  private  classes  ;  was  surgeon  of  General 
Evans's  brigade,  C.S.A.,  1861-65,  and  practised  in 
Montgomery,  Ala.  He  was  elected  surgeon- 
general  of  Alabama  in  1883.  and  grand  senior 
life  councillor  of  the  State  Medical  association 
and  vice-president  of  the  American  Medical 
association,  1872.  He  was  married  in  February, 
1854,  to  Annie  Rivers  of  Charleston,  S.C. 

MICHEL,  William  Middleton,  surgeon,  was 
born  in  Charleston,  S.C.,  Jan.  22,  1822  ;  son  of 
Dr.  William  and  Eugenia  Asli  (Fraser)  Michel. 
He  pursued  classical  and  medical  studies  in  Paris 
and  at  Charleston,  and  was  graduated  at  the 
Medical  College  of  South  Carolina,  1847.  He  es 
tablished  at  Charleston  with  his  brother,  Dr. 
Richard  F.  Michel,  the  Summer  Medical  Institute 
as  a  private  school,  and  conducted  it,  1848-61. 
He  was  consulting  surgeon  to  the  Confederate 
hospitals  at  Richmond,  Va.,  with  Dr.  Charles 
Bell  Gibson  and  Dr.  J.  B.  Read,  and  was  surgeon 
to  the  South  Carolina  hospitals  in  that  city, 
18(51_6,-).  He  was  married,  April  11,  1806,  to 
Cecilia  S.  Inglesby  of  Charleston.  He  was  pro 
fessor  of  physiology  and  histology  in  the  South 
Carolina  Medical  college  ;  a  member  of  the  Phila 
delphia  Academy  of  Science  and  of  the  American 
Association  for  the  Advancement  of  Science.  He 
was  also  a  corresponding  member  of  the  Imperial 
Society  of  Natural  History,  of  Paris,  his  diploma 
being  brought  to  him  by  Louis  Agassiz  on  his 
first  visit  to  the  United  States  in  1846.  He  made 
notable  discoveries  in  embryology,  and  also  theo 
retically  predicted  the  functions  of  the  rod  and 
cone  layer  of  the  retina,  before  they  were  demon 
strated  in  Germany.  He  made  researches  on  the 
"  Development  of  the  Opossum,"  which  attracted 
attention  and  led  to  a  discussion  between  Prof. 
Agassiz  and  Dr.  Michel.  He  edited  the  Confed 
erate  States  Medical  and  Surgical  Journal  and 
the  Charleston  Medical  Journal.  He  died  in 
Charleston,  S.C.,  June  4,  1894. 


MICHELSON 


MIDDLETON 


MICHELSON,  Albert  Abraham,  scientist, 
born  in  Strelno,  Germany,  Dec.  19, 1852  ;  son 
of  Samuel  and  Rosalie  Michelson.  His  parents 
settled  in  San  Francisco,  Cal.  He  attended  the 
schools  of  that  city,  and  was  graduated  at  the 
U.S.  Naval  academy,  1873  ;  promoted  ensign  July 
16,  1874,  was  instructor  in  physics  and  chemis 
try  at  the  academy,  1873-79,  and  studied  at  the 
University  of  Berlin,  1880.  at  Heidelberg,  1881,  at 
the  College  de  France  and  Ecole  Polytechnique, 
1882.  He  was  promoted  master  Feb.  5,  1879,  and 
resigned  from  the  U.S.  navy  Sept.  30,  1881,  to 
.accept  the  chair  of  physics  in  the  Case  School  of 
Applied  Science,  Cleveland,  Ohio,  which  he  held, 
1883-89.  He  was  professor  of  physics  in  Clark 
university,  1889-92.  He  determined  the  velocity 
of  light  to  be  186,303  miles  a  second,  and  while 
at  Clark  devised  and  constructed  apparatus  for 
determining  distances  to  one-tenth  of  a  wave 
length.  He  demonstrated  his  work  before  the 
Bureau  International  des  Poids  et  Measures  by 
invitation  from  the  French  government.  1892-93, 
and  his  method  was  adopted  as  a  standard.  He 
was  elected  head  professor  of  physics  in  the  Uni 
versity  of  Chicago  in  1893,  and  in  connection  with 
•his  work  there  he  invented  the  interferometer  for 
the  measurement  of  distances  upon  and  between 
planets,  which  is  so  sensitive  as  to  measure  dis 
tances  of  one-fifth  of  a  millionth  of  an  inch.  He 
was  married  Dec.  23,  1894,  to  Edna  Stanton  of 
Lake  Forest.  111.  He  received  the  honorary  degree 
of  Ph.D.  from  Western  Reserve  university  in  1886, 
and  from  Stevens  Institute  of  Technology  in 
1887  ;  that  of  Sc.D.  from  the  University  of  Cam 
bridge.  England,  and  that  of  LL.D.  from  Yale  in 
1901.  He  was  elected  a  member  of  the  American 
Association  for  the  Advancement  of  Science,  and 
was  its  vice-president  in  1887  ;  a  member  of  the 
National  Academy  of  Science,  the  American 
Academy  of  Arts  and  Sciences,  the  British  Asso 
ciation  for  the  Advancement  of  Science  ;  a  fellow 
of  the  Royal  Astronomical  society  ;  member  of 
the  International  Commission  on  Weights  and 
Measures  ;  honorary  member  of  the  Royal  Insti 
tute  of  Great  Britain,  and  a  Rumford  medalist. 
He  is  the  author  of  :  The  Relative  Motion  of  the 
Earth  and  Liiminiferous  Ether  (1881);  A  Neio 
Sensitive  Thermometer  (1882)  ;  Inter-Phenomena 
in  a  New  Form  of  Refractometer  (1882)  ;  A 
Method  for  Determining  th,e  Rate  of  Tuning 
Forks  (1883);  Velocity  of  Light 'in  Carbon  Di- 
snlphide  (1885) ;  Influence  of  Motion  of  this  Me 
dium  on  the  Velocity  of  Light  (1886);  On  a 
Method  for  Making  the  Ware  Lengths  of  Sodium 
Light,  the  Absolute  and  Practical  Standard  of 
Length  (1887). 

MICHIE,  Peter  Smith,  engineer,  was  born  in 
Brechin,  Scotland,  March  24,  1839.  He  came  to 
the  United  States  with  his  parents,  settled  in 


Cincinnati,  Ohio,  and  attended  public  schools. 
He  was  graduated  at  the  U.S.  Military  academy, 
second  in  his  class,  1862  ;  promoted  1st  lieutenant 
in  the  corps  of  engineers,  June  11,  1863,  and 
served  in  the  construction  of  batteries  for  operat 
ing  against  Fort  Sumter  and  Charleston,  S.C., 
1863-64.  He  was  chief  engineer  of  the  northern 
district,  Department  of  the  South,  and  of  the 
district  of  Florida,  1864,  being  engaged  in  the 
battle  of  Olustee  ;  was  successively  assistant  en 
gineer,  Army  of  the  James,  and  chief  engineer, 
Army  of  the  James  and  the  Department  of  Vir 
ginia  and  North  Carolina,  1864,  and  Department 
of  Virginia,  1865  ;  and  was  brevetted  captain  and 
major,  Oct.  28,  1864,  for  services  during  the  cam 
paign  against  Richmond,  and  brigadier-general 
of  volunteers,  Jan.  1,  1865,  for  meritorious  serv 
ices  in  1864.  He  was  assistant  inspector-general, 
25th  army  corps,  1865,  and  in  command  of  all  the 
engineer  operations  of  the  column  on  the  left  of 
the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  at  Hatcher's  Run,  and 
in  pursuit  ef  the  Confederate  army,  till  the  sur 
render  of  Lee.  He  was  commissioned  lieutenant- 
colonel  of  volunteers,  and  was  acting  inspector- 
general  from  March  23  to  June  6,  1885.  He  was 
brevetted  lieutenant-colonel,  U.S.A.,  April  9 
1865,  for  services  during  the  campaign  terminat 
ing  at  Appomattox,  and  was  promoted  captain* 
U.S.A.,  Nov.  23,  1865.  He  served  on  a  survey  in 
Richmond,  Va.,  1865-66,  and  was  at  the  U.S. 
Military  academy  as  assistant  professor  of  en 
gineering,  1867-71  ;  instructor  in  practical  mili 
tary  engineering,  military  signals  and  telegraph 
ing,  1867-71,  and  assistant  professor  of  chemistry, 
mineralogy  and  geology,  1867-69.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  commission  sent  to  Europe  to  col 
lect  information  on  the  fabrication  of  iron  for  de 
fensive  purposes  in  coast  fortifications,  in  1870  ; 
was  commissioned  professor  with  the  pay  of 
colonel,  Feb.  14,  1871,  and  was  professor  of 
natural  and  experimental  philosophy  in  the  U.S. 
Military  academy  from  his  acceptance,  March  6, 
1871,  up  to  the  time  of  his  death.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  board  of  overseers  of  the  Thayer 
School  of  Civil  Engineering,  Dartmouth,  1871- 
1901.  He  received  the  degree  of  Ph.D.  from  the 
College  of  New  Jersey  in  1871,  and  that  of  M.A. 
from  Dartmouth  in  1873.  He  is  the  author  of  : 
Elements  of  Wave  Motion  Relating  to  Sound  and 
Light  (1882);  Life  and  Letters  of  Gen.  Henry 
Upton  (1885);  The  Personnel  of  General  Seaeoast 
Defense  (1885);  Elements  of  Analytical  Mechanics 
(1886-87);  Elements  of  Hydro- Mechanics  (1888); 
George  B.  McClellan  (1901).  He  died  at  West 
Point.  N.Y..  Fol).  16,  1901. 

MIDDLETON,  Arthur,  president  of  the  coun 
cil  of  North  Carolina,  was  born  probably  at  "  The 
Oaks,"  on  Goose  Creek,  Berkeley  district,  S.C.,  in 
1681  ;  son  of  Edward  and  Sarah  (Fowell)  Middle- 


[469J 


MIDDLETON 


MIDDLETOX 


ton,  and  nephew  of  Arthur  Middleton.  Edward 
and  Arthur  Middleton  were  natives  of  Twicken 
ham,  England,  who  went  to  the  Barbadoes  and 
thence,  in  1678,  to  Berkeley,  S.C.,  where  they 
became  influential  in  public  affairs.  Arthur 
Middleton  was  sent  to  England  to  be  educated, 
and  in  1704  was  a  member  of  the  commons  house 
and  was  instrumental  in  extending  the  offices  of 
the  Church  of  England  to  the  colony.  In  April, 
1710,  he  was  appointed  a  commissioner  to  found 
and  erect  a  free  school  for  the  use  of  the  inhabi 
tants  of  South  Carolina.  He  was  appointed 
naval  officer  at  Charleston  in  1781,  and  was  cor 
respondent  of  the  Hon.  Abel  Kettelby,  the  naval 
agent  in  England  in  1712.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  provincial  council.  1711-17,  and  was  sent  to 
Virginia  in  1715  to  procure  men  to  aid  in  the  war 
with  the  Yamassee  Indians,  and  when  the  Vir 
ginians  returned  home  he  was  sent  to  England  to 
petition  the  crown  for  aid.  He  was  active  in  1719 
in  a  movement  to  transfer  the  government  of  the 
colony  from  the  lords-proprietors  to  the  crown 
direct,  and  in  1719  was  elected  president  of  the 
convention  which  succeeded  in  overthrowing  the 
proprietary  government.  He  was  president  of 
the  council  under  Sir  Francis  Xicholson.  1721-25, 
and  in  1725  when  the  governor  sailed  for  England, 
succeeded  to  his  duties  as  president  of  the  coun 
cil,  and  was  addressed  as  president  or  com- 
mander-in-chief.  While  acting-governor,  1725- 
29,  he  dealt  with  the  Spaniards  and  Indians  who 
harassed  the  colonists  during  the  boundary  con 
troversy  between  Florida  and  South  Carolina,  and 
in  retaliation  President  Middleton  ordered  Col. 
William  Palmer  with  a  body  of  British  soldiers  to 
enter  Florida  and  destroy  the  property  of  the 
Spaniards.  The  French  from  Louisiana,  aided  by 
the  Indians,  were  also  encroaching  upon  the 
colony  from  the  West,  and  Middleton,  to  counter 
act  the  influence  of  the  French,  sent  agents  to 
gain  the  influence  of  the  Indians.  Middleton  was 
an  extreme  royalist,  and  so  unpopular  with  the 
house  of  assembly  that  that  body  in  1729  suc 
ceeded  in  obtaining  the  appointment  of  Robert 
Johnson  as  governor  ;  but  Middleton  held  the 
office  until  Johnson's  arrival  from  England  in 
1731,  when  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
executive  council  and  served  as  its  president 
until  his  death.  He  was  elected  a  trustee  of  the 
free  school  in  Dorchester  district  in  1734.  He 
died  in  South  Carolina,  Sept.  0,  1737. 

MIDDLETON,  Arthur,  signer,  was  born  at 
Middleton  Place,  on  the  Ashley  river,  S.C.,  June 
26,  1742;  son  of  Henry  (1717-1784)  and  Mary 
(Williams)  Middleton.  He  attended  Harrow 
school,  1754-56;  Westminster  school.  175C-00,  and 
was  graduated  at  the  University  of  Cambridge  in 
1764  He  traveled  in  Europe,  1764,  and  was  a 
member  of  the  commons  house,  1765-75.  He  was 


[4 


married  in  1768  to  Mary,  daughter  of  Walter 
Izard,  and  in  1869-73  visited  England.  France 
and  Spain.  He  settled  on  his  father's  estate, 
Middleton  Place,  in  1773,  and  became  a  leader  in 
the  cause  of  liberty,  lie  was  one  of  the  commit 
tee  of  live  who  led 
the  populace  into 
the  royal  magazine 
and  removed  the  de 
posits,  April  17,  17- 
75.  and  was  appoint 
ed  by  the  provincial 
congress  a  member 
of  the  committee  of 
safety,  June  14,  1775, 
with  the  authority 
to  organize  a  mili 
tary  force.  He  was 
chosen  by  the  prov 
isional  congress  of 
South  Carolina  one 
of  a  committee  of 

eleven  to  prepare  and  report  a  form  of  govern 
ment  for  the  colony  in  February,  1776.  In  that 
year  he  succeeded  his  father  as  a  delegate  from 
South  Carolina  to  the  Continental  congress,  and 
he  signed  the  Declaration  of  Independence,  lie 
was  an  intimate  friend  of  John  Hancock,  and 
during  his  term  in  congress  kept  house  with  him 
and  dispensed  lavish  hospitality.  In  1777  lie  re 
turned  to  South  Carolina  :  was  elected  governor 
in  1778  to  take  the  place,  of  John  Rutledge,  re 
signed,  but  declined  the  office,  which  was  taken 
by  Rawlins  Lowniles.  In  17?'.).  when  the  British 
were  devastating  South  Carolina,  lie  joined  the 
staff  of  Governor  Rutledge  and  served  in  the  de 
fense  of  Charleston.  His  estate  was  ravaged  bv 
the  British  soldiers  and  valuables  carried  away 
or  wantonly  destroyed,  although  the  buildings 
were  spared.  At  the  surrender  of  Charleston  in 
1780,  he  was  among  the  prisoners  sent  by  sea  to 
the  Spanish  castle  at  St.  Augustine,  Florida.  He 
was  exchanged  in  July.  17*1.  returned  to  Phila 
delphia,  and  was  a  delegate  to  congress,  17*1-82. 
In  November,  1782.  he  returned  to  South  Caro 
lina  to  assist  in  restoring  stability  to  the  new 
government,  and  he  served  in  the  state  legisla 
ture  as  senator  or  representative  up  to  the  time 
of  his  death.  He  was  a  skilled  stenographer  and 
wrote  out  many  of  the  debates  in  congress  in 
which  he  took  part.  lie  is  the  author  of  several 
political  essays  signed  "  Andrew  Mar.vell."  He 
died  at  Goose  Creek.  S.C.,  Jan.  1,  1787. 

MIDDLETON,  Edward,  naval  officer,  was  born 
in  Charleston,  S.C.,  Dec.  11,  1810  ;  son  of  Henry 
(1770-1846)  and  Mary  Helen  (Hering)  Middleton. 
He  was  educated  in  Europe  and  was  graduated  at 
the  U.S.  Naval  academy,  passed  midshipman, 
June  14,  1834.  He  was  attached  to  the  Constitu- 
-o] 


M1DDLETON 


M1ELZ1NER 


tion.  Mediterranean  squadron,  1835-38  ;  Brazilian 
squadron,  1838-42.  and  was  promoted  lieutenant, 
Feb.  25.  1841.  He  was  executive  officer  on  the 
sloop  Dfcatnr,  185-1,  and  was  ordered  to  the  Paci 
fic  in  the  Indian  campaigns  in  Washington  and 

Oregon  terri 
tories,  1855-5(5. 
He  was  pro 
moted  to  the 
rank  of  com 
mander,  Sept. 
14.  1855,  and 
assumed  com 
mand  of  the 
Decatnr.  He 
s.-pENSA<oLA-.a5e.  commanded 

various  vessels  in  the  Pacific  squadron.  1861-05  : 
•was  promoted  captain.  April  24.  1*03  ;  commanded 
the  Mare  Island  navy  yard.  CaL.  18(57-08,  and 
was  promoted  commodore.  Nov.  2(5.  1808.  He 
served  in  the  Pacific  squadron.  1808-70  ;  com 
manded  the  Peninsula  navy  yard.  1870-73,  and  was 
retired.  Dec.  11.  1872.  He  was  promoted  rear-ad 
miral  on  the  retired  list.  Aug.  15,  1876.  He  died 
in  Washington.  B.C..  April  27,  1883. 

MIDDLETON,  Henry,  delegate,  was  born  in 
South  Carolina  in  1717  ;  son  of  Governor  Arthur 
Middleton  (1(581-1737).  He  was  speaker  of  the 
commons  house,  17-15—17,  again  served  in  that 
body,  1754-55  ;  was  commissioner  of  Indian 
affairs  in  1755.  and  was  a  member  of  the  South 
Carolina  council,  1755-70.  when  he  resigned.  He 
•was  colonel  of  a  provisional  regiment  in  the  war 

with  the  Chero 
kee  Indians,  17- 
60-61  ;  was  dele 
gate  from  South 
Carolina  to  the 
Continental  con 
gress,  1774-70. 
and  president  of 
that  body  from 
Oct.  22.  1774,  to 
May  10, 1775.  He 
resigned  early 
in  the  year  1776, 
and  was  suc 
ceeded  by  his  son  Arthur  (q.  v.).  He  was  presi 
dent  of  the  Provincial  congress  of  South  Caro 
lina,  1776,  receiving  the  public  thanks  of  that 
body  for  his  services  in  the  cause  of  lib 
erty  ;  and  was  a  member  of  the  council  of 
safety.  He  was  a  wealthy  planter  and  slave 
owner,  his  estate,  Middleton  Place,  comprising 
50.000  acres  of  land  on  the  banks  of  the  Ashley 
river.  He  took  an  active  interest  in  advancing 
agricultural,  commercial  and  educational  inter 
ests  of  the  state,  and  contributed  to  the  establish 
ment  of  the  College  of  New  Jersey,  the  College  of 


E 


Rhode  Island  and  the  College  of  Philadelphia. 
He  was  married  to  Mary  Williams,  the  daughter 
of  a  wealthy  planter  of  South  Carolina.  He  died 
in  Charleston,  S.C.,  June  13,  1784. 

MIDDLETON,  Henry,  statesman,  was  born  in 
London,  England,  Sept.  28,  1770  ;  son  of  Arthur, 
the  signer,  and  Mary  (Izard)  Middleton.  He  was 
educated  in  England,  and  at  his  father's  death  in 
1787  inherited  Middleton  Place  on  the  Ashley 
river,  the  Newport  estates  and  a  large  fortune.  He 
traveled  extensively  in  England  and  America,  and 
entertained  lavishly  at  his  home.  He  wras  married, 
Nov.  13.  1774,  to  Mary  Helen,  daughter  of  Julius 
Hering  of  Heybridge  Hall,  England,  a  captain  in 
His  Majesty's  34th  regiment.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  and  senator  in  the  state  legislature, 
1801-10  :  governor,  1810-12  ;  a  representative  in 
the  14th  and  15th  congresses,  1815-19,  and  U.S. 
minister  plenipotentiary  at  the  Court  of  St. 
Petersburg,  Russia,  1820-30.  He  became  a  leader 
of  the  Union  party  of  South  Carolina,  and  was  a 
member  of  the  Union  convention  in  1833.  He 
died  in  Charleston,  S.C.,  June  14,  1846. 

MIDDLETON,  Henry,  author,  was  born  in 
Paris,  France,  March  16,  1797  ;  son  of  Henry 
(1770-1X46)  and  Mary  Helen  (Hering)  Middleton. 
He  was  educated  by  private  tutors,  and  was 
graduated  at  the  U.S.  Military  academy,  2d  lieu 
tenant  in  the  corps  of  engineers,  March  2.  1815. 
He  was  on  leave  of  absence  until  July  15,  1816, 
when  he  resigned.  He  studied  at  the  Litchfield 
Law  school.  Conn.,  1819-20,  and  in  Edinburgh, 
Scotland,  1820-22,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
Charleston,  S.C.,  but  never  practised  law,  devot 
ing  himself  to  the  study  of  philosophy  and  politi 
cal  economy  and  to  literary  work.  He  opposed  the 
nullification  act  of  South  Carolina  in  1832-33, 
and  published  an  essay  on  ''The  Prospects  of 
Disunion."  He  contributed  to  periodicals,  articles 
in  favor  of  free  trade  ;  and  is  the  author  of  : 
The  Government  and  the  Currency  (1850) :  Econom 
ical  Causes  of  Slavery  in  the  United  States  and 
Obstacles  to  Abolition  (1857)  ;  The  Government  of 
India  as  It  Has  Been,  as  It  Is,  and  as  It  OngJit  to 
Be  (1858)  ;  and  Universal  Suffrage  in  the  Various 
Conditions  and  Progress  of  Society.  He  died  in 
Washington,  D.C.,  March  15,  1876. 

MIELZINER,  Moses,  Jewish  educator  and 
author,  was  born  in  Schubin,  Germany,  Aug.  12, 
1828  ;  son  of  Rabbi  Benjamin  and  Rosa  (Levin- 
sohn)  Mielziner.  He  was  educated  under  his 
father  in  Hebrew  and  rabbinical  lore,  attended 
the  Werder  gymnasium  and  afterward  the  Uni 
versity  of  Berlin,  1846-52.  He  also  studied  the 
ology  under  the  rabbis  of  Berlin,  had  charge  of  the 
Jewish  congregation,  Waren,  Mecklenburg,  1852- 
55,  and  was  principal  of  a  Jewish  Theological 
school  at  Copenhagen,  Denmark,  1855-65.  He  was 
married,  May  19.  1861,  to  Rosette,  daughter  of 

171] 


MIFFLIN 


Jacob  and  Jette  Levald  of  Copenhagen.  He  was 
rabbi  of  a  Jewish  congregation  in  New  York  city, 
1865-73,  founder  of  an  educational  institution,  and 
acting  principal  of  the  Temple  Emanu  El,  prepar 
atory  school  of  the  Jewish  Theological  seminary 
in  New  York  city,  1873-79  ;  in  1879  was  made 
professor  of  Talmudical  literature  in  the  Hebrew 
Union  college,  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  and  after  the 
death  of  the  Rev.  Dr.  Isaac  M.  Wise  (March,  1900), 
he  succeeded  him  as  acting  president  of  this  col 
lege.  He  received  the  degree  of  Ph.D.  at  the 
University  of  Giessen,  Germany,  in  1859,  and  D.D. 
from  Hebrew  Union  college  in  1898.  He  is  the 
author  of  :  Slavery  Among  the  Ancient  Hebreics 
(1859);  The  Jewish  Law  of  Marriage  and  Divorce 
(1884);  Introduction  to  the  Talmnd  (1894);  Legal 
Maxims  and  Fundamental  Laws  of  the  Civil  and 
Criminal  Code  of  the  Talmud  (1898),  and  sermons, 
lectures,  and  articles  in  German,  Danish  and 
English,  and  poems  in  classical  Hebrew. 

MIEGE,  John  Baptist,  R.C.  bishop,  was  born 
at  La  Foret  (Chevron),  Upper  Savoy,  Sept.  18, 
1815.  He  became  a  Jesuit  in  1886  ;  taught  in  the 
novitiate  in  Milan  several  years,  and  was  gradu 
ated  in  theology  from  the  Jesuit  college  in 

Rome,  where  he  was 
ordained  priest,  Sept. 
7,  1847.  He  was  pas 
tor  of  St.  Charles's 
church  at  St.  Louis, 
Mo.,  in  1848,  and  the 
same  year  was  made 
professor  in  the  Jes 
uit  novitiate  at  Flor 
issant.  He  was  sub 
sequently  professor 
of  moral  theology  at 
the  University  of  St. 
Louis.  In  1851  lie 
received  from  Rome 
a  command  to  sub 
mit  to  an  appoint 
ment  as  vicar-apostolic  of  the  Indian  country 
east  of  the  Rocky  Mountains,  and  he  was  con 
secrated  "Bishop  of  Messina,''  in  St.  Xavier's 
church,  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  by  Abp.  P.  R.  Kenrick, 
assisted  by  Bishops  Van  de  Velde  and  St.  Palais, 
March  25,  1851.  The  territory  over  which  he  had 
charge  contained  nearly  6000  Roman  Catholic 
Indians.  He  went  to  Rome  in  1853,  where  he 
served  as  procurator  for  the  Jesuits  in  the  United 
States  during  a  general  congregation  of  the  order 
in  Rome,  and  he  presented  to  the  pope  the  condi 
tion  of  the  American  Indians.  He  removed  from 
the  Pottowatomie  Mission  to  Leaven  worth.  Kan., 
in  1855,  built  new  churches,  procured  several 
priests  from  Rome,  introduced  the  Benedictine 
order,  and  founded  a  college  at  Atchison,  Kan. 
Under  his  auspices  an  academy,  hospital  and 

[47 


asylum  were  opened  at  Leaven  worth  by  the 
Sisters  of  Charity,  and  education  was  greatly  ad 
vanced  among  the  Indians.  He  resigned  his 
charge  in  1874,  resided  at  the  University  of 
St.  Louis  and  founded  a  college  in  Detroit, 
Mich.  Bishop  Miege  died  in  the  house  of  the 
Society  of  Jesus,  Woodstock,  Md.,  July  20.  1884. 

MIERS,  Robert  Walter,  representative,  was 
born  near  Greensburg,  Decatur  county,  Ind., 
Jan.  27,  1848  ;  son  of  Thomas  S.  and  Mahala 
Miers,  and  grandson  of  Thomas  Miers.  He  pre 
pared  for  college  at  Hartsville  academy,  and  was 
graduated  at  the  University  of  Indiana,  A. II, 
1870.  LL.B.,  1871.  He  was  married,  May  9.  1870, 
to  Belle,  daughter  of  Alfred  Ryors  of  Blooming- 
ton,  Ind.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  April, 
1872,  and  settled  in  practice  at  Bloomington.  He 
was  prosecuting  attorney  of  the  tenth  judicial 
circuit  of  Indiana,  1875-79  ;  a  representative  in 
the  state  legislature  in  1879,  and  judge  of  the 
tenth  judicial  district  to  fill  the  unexpired  term 
of  judge  Wilson,  deceased,  in  1883,  and  elected 
for  a  six-year  term.  He  was  the  unsuccessful  nom 
inee  for 'secretary  of  state  in  1886  and  1888.  and 
was  a  Democratic  representative  from  the  second 
Indiana  district  in  the  55th,  56th.  and  57th  con 
gresses.  1897-1903.  He  was  a  trustee  of  Indiana 
university,  1879-93. 

MIFFLIN,  Thomas,  delegate  and  soldier,  was 
born  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  in  1744  ;  son  of  John 
and  Elizabeth  (Bagnall)  Mifrlin.  His  parents- 
were  Quakers,  and  he  was  educated  accordingly. 
He  was  graduated  from  the  University  of  Penn 
sylvania,  A.B.,  1760, 
A.M.,  1763,  and  en 
tered  the  counting- 
house  of  William 
Coleman.  He  was 
married  to  SaraJi, 
daughter  of  Morris 
Morris  of  Philadel 
phia.  In  1765  he  made 
a  tour  of  Europe,  and 
upon  his  return  enter 
ed  into  a  partner 
ship  with  his  brother 
in  Philadelphia.  He 
was  one  of  the  two 
representatives  from 
Philadelphia  to  the 
state  legislature.  1772-74.  and  a  delegate  to  the 
Continental  congress,  1774-76.  He  was  among 
the  first  to  organize  and  train  the  newly-enlisted 
troops  ;  was  major  of  one  of  the  earliest  formed 
regiments,  and  was  at  the  head  of  Washington's 
military  family,  having  been  appointed  his  chief 
aide-de-camp  shortly  after  the  arrival  of  General 
Washington  at  Cambridge.  He  was  appointed 
quartermaster-general  of  the  army,  July  4,  1775,. 


MIFFLIX 


MILBURN 


and  began  at  once  to  establish  order  and  place  the 
department  on  a  business  basis.  He  was  com 
missioned  brigadier-general,  May  19,  1776,  and 
given  command  of  Pennsylvania  troops  in  the 
New  York  campaign.  He  was  stationed  at 
Kings  Bridge  in  August,  1776.  and  after  the  dis 
astrous  battle  of  Long  Island  he  commanded  the 
rear-guard  and  was  selected  to  cover  the  retreat. 
He  was  directed  by  a  special  act  of  congress  to  re 
sume  the  duties  of  quartermaster-general  as  soon 
as  the  army  had  crossed  the  river,  and  he  was 
sent  to  congress  by  General  Washington  with 
a  petition  for  supplies  to  enable  the  army  to  hold 
its  position.  He  made  an  address  before  con 
gress,  setting  forth  the  peril  of  the  army  and  ap 
pealing  for  the  means  to  oppose  the  advance  of 
the  enemy.  He  was  retained  in  Philadelphia 
for  consultation,  and  upon  the  appointment  of 
General  Putnam  to  the  command  in  the  city,  he 
was  placed  in  command  of  the  war  material  and 
stores.  He  was  sent  by  congress  through  the 
state  of  Pennsylvania  to  arouse  the  people, 
by  personal  appeals,  to  recruit  the  ranks  of 
the  Continental  army.  In  January,  1777,  he  was 
commissioned  major-general,  in  acknowledgment 
of  his  services,  and  was  appointed  a  member  of 
the  board  of  war.  He  resigned  his  commission 
in  the  army  on  account  of  impaired  health,  but 
his  resignation  was  not  accepted  by  congress, 
consequently  his  affairs,  left  largely  to  his  subor 
dinates,  became  involved.  In  March,  1778,  Gen 
eral  Green  was  appointed  his  successor,  and 
with  General  Gates  he  was  removed  from  the 
board  of  war,  and  congress  ordered  an  investi 
gation  of  his  conduct  as  quartermaster-general, 
during  the  winter  the  army  was  encamped  at 
Valley  Forge.  He  at  once  demanded  an  exami 
nation  of  his  accounts,  and  congress  revoked  the 
decree,  and  he  again  resigned  his  commission  in 
the  army,  which  congress  again  refused  to  ac 
cept,  and  at  once  ordered  §1,000,000  to  be  placed  in 
his  hands  with  which  to  pay  outstanding  claims. 
In  January,  1780,  he  was  appointed  by  congress  a 
member  of  the  '•  board  to  examine  and  devise 
means  for  retrenching^the  general  expenses,"  and 
he  was  tendered  a  vote  of  thanks  for  the  "wise 
and  salutary  plans  recommended."  He  was 
again  a  delegate  to  congress,  1782-84,  and  was 
elected  president  of  congress,  Nov.  3,  1783,  and  in 
tliis  capacity  replied  to  General  Washington's 
address  upon  tendering  his  resignation  as  com- 
mander-in-chief  of  the  army.  He  was  speaker  of 
the  state  assembly.  1785-88  ;  a  member  of  the 
constitutional  convention  of  the  United  States, 
1787  ;  a  member  of  the  supreme  executive  coun 
cil,  and  succeeded  Benjamin  Franklin  as  presi 
dent,  serving  1780-90.  He  was  also  president  of 
the  council  of  censors  to  revise  the  state  con 
stitution  in  1790,  and  was  elected  first  governor 


under  the  constitution,  Dec.  21,  1790,  serving  till 
Dec.  17,  1799.  During  the  whisky  insurrection 
he  commanded  the  militia  of  Pennsylvania, 
called  out  to  suppress  the  insurgents.  He  was 
a  representative  in  the  state  legislature,  1799- 
1800  ;  a  trustee  of  the  University  of  Pennsylva 
nia,  1773-91,  and  a  member  of  the  American 
Philosophical  society,  1765-99.  He  died  during 
a  session  of  the  house  of  representatives  assem 
bled  at  Lancaster,  Pa.,  Jan.  21,  1800. 

MILBURN,  William  Henry,  clergyman,  was 
born  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Sept.  26,1823;  son  of 
Nicholas  and  Ann  (Wyeth)  Milburn  ;  grandson  of 
Nicholas  Milburn,  a  Revolutionary  soldier,  and  a 
descendant  of  the  Milburn  family  of  the  eastern 
shore  of  Maryland.  In  1828  by  an  accident 
his  left  eye  was  destroyed,  and  in  1830  the  sight 
of  the  other  eye  became  impaired.  He  pursued 
his  studies  by  means  of  a  shade  over  his  eye  and 
with  with  a  finger  placed  under  the  eye,  thus 
creating  an  artificial  pupil  capable  of  seeing  but 
one  letter  at  a  time.  He  removed  with  his 
father's  family  to  Jacksonville,  111.,  in  1838  ;  at 
tended  Illinois  college,  1841-43,  and  became  a 
Methodist  itinerant  preacher  in  1843.  He  was 
married  in  1846  to  Cornelia  Wilmot  of  England. 
He  was  chaplain  of  the  29th  congress,  1845-47, 
serving  in  both  houses;  was  appointed  minister 
in  charge  of  the  church  at  Montgomery,  Ala.,  in 
1848,  and  in  1850  settled  at  Mobile,  Ala.,  where 
he  was  tried  for  heresy  and  was  appointed  to  a 
free  church  that  had  a  large  attendance  composed 
of  all  classes.  In  1853  he  was  chaplain  of  the 
33d  congress  ;  in  1855  he  removed  to  New  York, 
and  in  1858  was  pastor  of  the  Pacific  Street  Meth 
odist  church  and  subsequently  of  John  Street 
church,  New  York  city.  He  lectured  in  England 
in  1857.  Between  1860  and  1865  he  became  totally 
blind.  In  1865  he  was  ordered  a  deacon  in  the 
Protestant  Episcopal  church  and  in  1866  ordained 
a  priest  by  Bishop  Hopkins  of  Vermont.  He 
returned  to  the  Methodist  church  in  1871.  He 
was  chaplain  of  the  house  of  representatives 
1885-87,  and  of  the  U.S.  senate  from  1893,  being 
known  as  the  "  blind  chaplain."  He  received  the 
honorary  degree  of  D.D.  from  Illinois  college, 
1894.  Having  lost  all  his  own  children  he 
adopted  two  daughters  of  the  Rev.  John  Gemley 
of  Canada,  who  became  his  constant  companions 
and  amanuenses.  He  is  the  author  of  :  Rifle, 
Axe  and  Saddlebags,  Symbols  of  Western  Charac 
ter  and  Civilization  (1856) ;  Ten  Years  of  PreacJier 
Life;  Chapters  from  an  Autobiography  (1858); 
The  Pioneers,  Preachers  and  People  of  the  Missis 
sippi  Valley,  a  course  of  lectures  originally  de 
livered  before  the  Lowell  Institute,  Boston,  Mass., 
1855-50  ;  The  Lance,  Cross  and  Canoe  in  the 
Great  Valley  (1S93);  and  articles  contributed  to 
various  periodicals. 


[173] 


MILES 


MILES 


MILES,  Dixon  Stansbury,  soldier,  was  born 
in  Maryland  in  1804.  He  was  graduated  from 
the  U.S.  Military  academy  in  1824,  and  promoted 
'3d  lieutenant,  7th  infantry.  He  served  on  fron 
tier  duty  in  Indian  Territory  and  Missouri.  1825- 
30  :  and  as  adjutant  of  the  7th  infantry.  1830-36. 
He  was  promoted  first  lieutenant,  April  30.  1833  ; 
was  captain  of  staff  and  assistant  quartermaster, 
1839-45  ;  participated  in  the  Florida  war,  1839- 
4'3  :  was  at  Pensacola,  1843-45  ;  in  Texas,  1845-46  ; 
and  served  in  the  Mexican  war,  1840-47.  lie  was 


in  command  of  the  city  of  VeraCruzin  1847  ;  was 
brevetted  major,  May  9,  1846,  for  gallantry  at 
Fort  Brown,  Texas,  and  lieutenant-colonel,  Sept. 
23,  1846,  for  gallantry  at  Monterey,  Mexico.  He 
was  promoted  major  of  the  5th  infantry  in  1847, 
lieutenant-colonel  of  3d  infantry  in  1851  ;  com 
manded  the  southern  column  of  the  Gila  expedi 
tion,  1857  ;  the  Navajo  expeditions  in  1858  and 
1859,  and  was  promoted  colonel,  2d  infantry, 
Jan.  19,  1859.  He  commanded  the  5th  division  of 
McDowell's  army  during  the  advance  to  Bull  Run, 
Va.  ;  and  during  the  battle  of  July  21,  1861,  the 
division  was  held  in  reserve  at  Centerville,  and 
covered  the  retreat  of  the  army.  In  March,  1862, 
his  brigade  guarded  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio 
railroad.  In  May,  1862,  he  was  ordered  to  Har 
per's  Ferry,  and  commanded  the  entire  Federal 
forces  in  the  defence  of  Harper's  Ferry,  Sept.  14, 
15,  1862.  After  the  Confederates  gained  Ma.  y- 
land  Heights,  General  Miles,  failing  to  receive  re 
inforcements,  determined  to  surrender,  and  while 
waving  a  white  flag  was  mortally  wounded.  He 
died  at  Harper's  Ferry,  Va.,  Sept.  16,  1862. 

MILES,  Frederick,  representative,  was  born 
at  Gosheii,  Conn.,  Dec.  19,  1815  ;  son  of  Augustus 
and  Roxa  (Norton)  Miles  ;  grandson  of  Samuel 
and  Sylvia  (Murray)  Miles,  and  a  descendant  of 
Richard  Miles,  who  came  from  England  in  1637. 
He  was  educated  at  the  public  schools  and  became 
a  merchant  in  Goshen.  In  1858  he  removed  to 
Salisbury,  Conn.,  and  engaged  in  iron  manufac 
turing.  He  was  a  state  senator.  1877-79  ;  and  a 
Republican  representative  in  the  46th.  47th  and 
51st  congresses,  1879-83  and  1889-91.  He  died 
near  Salisbury.  Conn..  Nov.  20,  1896. 

MILES,  Nelson  Appleton,  soldier,  was  born  in 
Westminster,  Mass.,  Aug.  8,  1839;  son  of  Daniel 
and  Mary  (Curtis)  Miles  :  grandson  of  Joab,  great- 
grandson  of  the  Rev.  Samuel,  rector  of  King's 


Chapel,  Boston,  and  great3-grandson  of  the  Rev. 
John  Myles.  the  immigrant,  who  came  from  Wales 
in  1664,  landed  atWcvmouth,  settled  at  Swansea, 
was  a  Baptist  preacher,  a  soldier  in  the  King 
Philip  war,  and  teacher  in  the  first  grammar  and 
Latin  school  in  Boston.  He  worked  on  his  fath 
er's  farm  and  in  a 
crockery  store  in  Bos 
ton,  where  he  attend 
ed  night  school  and 
a  military  school  con 
ducted  by  M.  Salig- 
nac,  and  in  1861  with 
the  encouragement 
and  financial  aid  of 
his  uncle,  George 
Curtis,  he  recruited 
100  volunteers,  the 
company  being  as 
signed  to  Col.  Henry 
Wilson's  22d  Mass 
achusetts  volunteers. 
The  regiment  was 
mustered  into  the  U.S.  service,  Sept.  9.  1861, 
with  Miles  as  captain.  Governor  Andrews  how 
ever  commissioned  him  1st  lieutenant.  On 
pay-day  the  U.  S.  paymaster  said.  "You  arc  a 
captain,  get  your  pay  and  take  command  of  your 
company."  Colonel  Wilson,  when  he  found  that 
the  matter  would  involve  a  question  of  authority 
between  the  state  and  the  United  States,  advised 
young  Miles  to  accept  a  position  on  the  staff  of 
General  Casey,  who  on  Nov.  0,  1861.  assigned  him 
to  duty  on  the  staff  of  (Jen.  O.  O.  Howard,  with 
whom  he  served  in  the  Peninsula  campaign.  At 
Fair  Oaks.  May  31-June  1,  1862.  General  Howard, 
finding  the  61st  New  York  volunteers,  Col.  Fran 
cis  C.  Barlow,  sorely  pressed,  ordered  Miles  to 
lead  a  detachment  to  his  support,  under  a  heavy 
fire  from  the  enemy.  This  exploit,  mentioned  in 
Barlow's  report,  secured  his  appointment  as 
lieutenant-colonel  of  the  61st  regiment,  his  com 
mission  to  date  from  May  31,  1862.  At  Antietam, 
Sept.  17,  1862,  when  Colonel  Barlow  was  carried 
from  the  field  wounded,  Miles  took  command  of 
the  regiment,  and  when  Barlow  was  promoted 
brigadier-general,  Miles  succeeded  to  the  com 
mand  of  the  regiment,  his  commission  dating 
from  Sept.  30.  1862.  At  Chancellors ville,  May  3. 
1863,  he  was  shot  from  his  horse,  and  the  wound 
was  pronounced  fatal,  but  the  ball  was  ex 
tracted  and  he  returned  to  the  army  on  crutches. 
He  fought  under  Grant  in  1864-65,  and  was 
wounded  for  the  fourth  time  at  Petersburg.  He 
was  promoted  brigadier-general,  May  12,  1864, 
and  major-general,  Oct.  21,1865,  and  was  honor 
ably  mustered  out  of  the  volunteer  service,  Sept. 
1,  1866.  He  commanded  a  regiment,  a  brigade, 
a  division,  and  in  February,  1865,  the  2d  army 


[-174] 


0 


MILES 


MILES 


corps  including  25.000  men,  being  then  only 
twenty-six  years  old.  lie  \vus  brevetted  major- 
genenil  of  volunteers,  Aug.  25,  1864,  for  "  highly 
meritorious  and  distinguished  conduct  through 
out  the  campaign  and  particularly  for  gallantry 
and  valuable  services  in  the  battle  of  Reams's 
Station,  Virginia  ; "  brigadier-general  in  the 
regular  service,  March  2,  1867,  for  Chancellors- 
ville.  and  major-general,  March  2,  1867,  for  Spott- 
sylvania.  He  received  the  thanks  of  congress 
'•  for  distinguished  services  during  the  recent 
battles  of  the  Old  Wilderness  and  Spottsylvania 
Court  House.  Virginia."  He  also  received  a 
'•  medal  of  honor,"  as  provided  under  act  of  con 
gress,  approved  March  3.  1803 .  "  for  distinguished 
gallantry  in  the  battle  of  Chancellorsville,  Va., 
May  3,  1863,  while  holding  with  his  command  a 
line  of  abatis  and  rifle  pits  against  a  strong  force 
of  the  enemy,  until  severely  wounded  ;  while 
colonel  61st  New  York  volunteers,  commanding 
a  line  of  skirmishers  in  front  of  the  1st  division, 
3d  army  corps."  He  was  transferred  to  the  per 
manent  establishment,  July  28.  1806,  and  com 
missioned  colonel  of  the  40th  infantry,  accepting 
the  commission,  Sept.  6,  I860.  On  March  15, 
1869,  he  was  transferred  to  the  5th  infantry.  On 
Dec.  15,  1880.  he  was  promoted  brigadier-general, 
on  April  5,  1890,  major-general,  and  on  Sept.  29, 
1895.  by  virtue  of  seniority,  he  became  com- 
mander-in-chief  of  the  U.S.  army.  On  June  6, 
1900,  he  was  made  lieutenant-general  by  an  act 
of  congress  reviving  the  rank,  and  on  Feb.  2, 
19()l,on  the  reorganization  of  the  army,  he  was 
appointed  by  President  McKinley  lieutenant- 
general,  U.S.A.,  which  appointment  was  at  once 
confirmed  by  the  senate.  His  services  in  the 
west  included  the  defeat  of  the  Cheyenne,  Kiowa 
and  Comanche  Indians  on  the  borders  of  the 
Staked  Plains  in  1875  ;  the  subjugation  of  the 
Sioux  in  Montana  in  1876  ;  the  driving  of  Sitting 
Bull  out  of  the  United  States  ;  the  capture  of  the 
Nez  Perces  under  Chief  Joseph  the  same  year,  and 
the  capture  of  the  Bannocks  near  Yellowstone 
Park  in  1878.  He  commanded  the  Deparment  of 
the  Columbia,  1880-85  ;  the  Department  of  Mis 
souri,  1885-89;  and  conducted  an  Indian  cam 
paign  in  Arizona,  1886,  in  which  he  compelled  the 
Apaches  under  Geronimo  and  Natchez  to  sur 
render,  Sept.  4,  1886.  The  legislatures  of  Kansas, 
Montana,  New  Mexico  and  Arizona,  passed  unani 
mous  votes  of  thanks  for  his  services  in  their 
borders.  He  commanded  the  Department  of  the 
East.  1894-95,  and  visited  Europe,  and  represented 
the  U.S.  army  at  the  seat  of  the  Turco-Grecian 
war  and  also  at  Queen  Victoria's  Diamond  jubilee. 
1897.  In  the  war  with  Spain  in  1898,  he  mobilized 
the  regular  army  of  25.000  men  and  organized  a 
volunteer  army  out  of  over  200,000  volunteers 
ready  for  any  emergency.  He  personally  took 

[4T5] 


command  at  Santiago,  July  1 1 ,  1898,  and  arranged 
the  terms  of  capitulation  which  called  for  the 
evacuation  of  Santiago  and  the  surrender  of  the 
Spanish  force  occupying  the  eastern  end  of  the 
island.  Before  the  appearance  of  the  Spanish 
commander  to  cany  out  the  terms  he  generously 
left  the  formality  of  the  surrender  to  the  general 
in  the  field  and  repaired  to  Guantanomo,  where 
he  prepared  to  lead  a  detachment  of  3,416  men  in 
its  brilliant  and  successful  invasion  of  Porto  Rico. 
There,  after  six  affairs  against  superior  forces  and 
with  small  loss  of  life,  he  completely  subjugated 
the  Spanish  troops,  who  prayed  for  a  cessation  of 
hostilities  long  before  he  had  carried  out  his 
plans.  In  the  conduct  of  the  war  with  Spain  he 
fearlessly  defended  the  U.S.  army  against  the  im 
positions  of  contractors  who  provided  unwhole 
some  food,  and  by  ordering  a  rigid  investigation 
of  the  conduct  of  the  commissary  department 
stopped  what  might  have  proved  a  fatal  epidemic. 
He  received  the  honorary  degree  of  LL.D.  from 
Harvard  university  in  1896  and  from  Brown  uni 
versity  in  1901.  He  is  the  author  of :  Personal 
Recollections  ;  or,  from  New  England  to  the  Golden 
Gate  (1897);  Military  Europe  (1898);  Observa 
tions  Abroad ;  or,  Report  of  Maj.-Gen.  Nelson  A. 
Miles  Commanding  U.S.  Army,  of  his  Tour  of 
Observation  in  Europe  (1899);  and  numerous 
reports  and  magazine  articles. 

MILES,  Richard  Pius,  R.  C.  bishop,  was  born 
in  Prince  George  county,  Md.,  May  17, 1791.  His 
parents  removed  to  Kentucky  in  1795,  and  he 
entered  St.  Rose  academy,  Washington  county, 
Ky. ,  in  1807.  He  joined  the  Dominican  brother 
hood  and  was  ordain 
ed  priest  September, 
1816,  at  Convent  of 
St.  Rose,  of  the  Or 
der  of  Preachers, 
Springfield,  Ky.  He 
accompanied  the 
Rev.  Edward  Fen- 
wick,  (q.v.),  into 
Ohio,  where  they  es 
tablished  churches, 
and  Bishop  Flaget 
into  the  far  west  on 
the  same  mission. 
He  established  a  con 
vent  of  Dominican 
nuns  near  Springfield, 

Ky.,  and  was  appointed  father  superior.  He 
was  provincial  of  the  Dominicans  of  Kentucky 
and  Ohio  for  several  years.  When  the  see  of 
Nashville  was  established,  July  28,  1837,  he  was 
appointed  its  bishop,  and  on  Sept.  16,  1838,  he  was 
consecrated  in  the  Convent  of  St.  Rose  of  the 
Order  of  Preachers  by  Bishop  Rosati  of  St.  Louis. 
There  was  not  one  Roman  Catholic  priest  in  the 


MILES 


MILEY 


entire  state  of  Tennessee  in  1837,  and  Bishop  Miles 
traveled  on  horseback  throughout  the  state 
preaching  in  public  buildings  and  organizing  mis 
sions.  In  1845  he  went  to  Rome  in  the  interests  of 
his  diocese,  and  upon  his  return  he  established 
several  churches,  St.  Mary's  cathedral,  the  episco 
pal  residence  and  a  charity  hospital  at  Nashville. 
He  also  established  a  theological  seminary,  and 
several  parochial  schools,  hospitals  and  an  orphan 
asylum.  He  represented  his  diocese  in  five  tri 
ennial  councils  at  Baltimore,  1840-32.  He  died  at 
Nashville,  Tenn.,  Feb.  21,  1860. 

MILES,  Samuel,  soldier,  was  born  in  Mont 
gomery  county,  Pa.,  March  11,  1740.  In  1753  he 
enlisted  in  Capt.  Isaac  Wayne's  regiment  and 
was  discharged  in  February,  1756,  when  he  re-en 
listed  in  Capt.  Thomas  Lloyd's  company  and  was 
made  captain-lieutenant  in  the  expedition  of 
General  Forbes  against  Fort  Duquesne  in  1758, 
when  it  was  evacuated  and  blown  up.  He  was 
commissioned  captain  in  1760  and  given  com 
mand  of  the  forces  at  Presque  Isle.  He  became 
a  wine  merchant  in  Philadelphia  in  1761  ;  was 
one  of  the  wardens  and  manager  of  the  House  of 
Employ.  1766,  and  was  a  member  of  the  general 
assembly,  1772-73.  He  raised  a  body  of  militia 
and  was  elected  colonel  of  a  regiment,  1774;  was 
again  a  member  of  the  assembly,  1775-76  and 
1803  ;  a  member  of  the  council  of  safety  and  colonel 
of  the  Pennsylvania  rifle  regiment,  in  1776,  and 
was  sent  to  Sussex  county,  Del.,  to  quell  an  insur 
rection.  He  tendered  his  comiwand  to  congress 
and  was  placed  in  the  flying  camp  and  reached 
Washington's  army  in  time  to  take  part  in  the 
battle  of  Long  Island,  Aug.  27, 1776,  where  he  was 
taken  prisoner.  During  his  imprisonmeiit  he 
was  appointed  brigadier-general  of  state  forces, 
but  upon  his  exchange  in  April,  1778,  he  was  un 
able  to  obtain  his  rank  and  retired  from  the 
army.  He  served  as  public  auditor  and  deputy 
quartermaster-general  of  Pennsylvania,  was  judge 
of  the  high  court  of  errors  and  appeals,  1783-87  ; 
a  member  of  the  council  of  censors  of  Philadel 
phia,  1787-88  ;  city  councillor,  1788-89  ;  alderman 
and  member  of  the  council  of  property,  1789-90, 
and  mayor  of  Philadelphia,  1790.  His  son,  John 
Miles,  was  graduated  from  the  University  of  Penn 
sylvania  in  1794  and  became  a  lawyer  in  Phila 
delphia.  General  Miles  prepared  a  valuable 
paper  on  the  battle  of  Long  Island,  which,  with 
his  autobiography  written  in  1802,  was  published 
in  the  American  Historical  Record  (1873).  He 
died  in  Chesterham,  Pa.,  Dec.  29,  1805. 

MILES,  William  Porcher,  representative,  was 
born  in  Charleston,  S.C..  July  4,  1822  ;  son  of 
James  and  Sarah  Miles.  He  attended  Welling 
ton  school.  Charleston  ;  graduated  at  the  Col 
lege  of  Charleston  (valedictorian),  A.B.,  1842, 
A.M.,  1845,  and  remained  there  as  assistant  pro 


fessor  of  mathematics.  He  was  married  June  2, 
1846,  to  Betty,  daughter  of  Oliver  and  Melinda 
(Caperton)  Beirne,  of  Virginia.  He  was  subse 
quently  admitted  to  the  bar,  and  practised  in 
Charleston.  As  mayor  of  Charleston,  1856-57,  he 
introduced  an  improved  police  system,  and  a 
system  of  tidal  drains  for  the  city.  He  was  a 
state  rights  Democratic  representative  in  the  35th 
and  36th  congresses,  1857-60,  and  resigned  in  1860 
with  the  other  representatives  from  South  Caro 
lina,  and  was  a  member  of  the  South  Carolina 
convention  that  adopted  the  ordinance  of  seces 
sion,  Dec.  20,  1860  ;  a  deputy  from  South  Carolina 
to  the  Provisional  congress  at  Montgomery,  Ala., 
in  February,  1861,  and  a  representative  from  South 
Carolina  in  the  1st  and  2d  Confederate  congresses, 
serving  from  Feb.  22,  1862,  to  March,  1864,  when 
he  resigned  to  accept  a  position  of  colonel  on  the 
staff  of  Gen.  P.  G.  T.  Beauregard.  He  was  presi 
dent  of  the  College  of  South  Carolina,  1880-82, 
resigning  in  1882  to  take  charge  of  sugar  planta 
tions  in  Louisiana  which  his  wife  had  inherited. 
He  died  atBurnside,  La.,  May  11,  1899. 

MILEY,  John,  educator,  was  born  in  Butler 
county,  Ohio,  Dec.  25,  1814.  He  was  graduated 
at  Augusta  college,  Kentucky,  A.B.,  1834,  A.M., 
1837,  and  entered  the  Ohio  conference  of  the 
Methodist  Episcopal  church  in  1838.  He  was 
married  to  Olive  C.  Patterson  of  Batavia,  Ohio, 
who  died  in  1874.  He  was  pastor  at  Batavia  aiid 
Cincinnati,  1838-39  ;  at  Hamilton.  1840  ;  at  Chilli- 
cothe.  1841-42  ;  at  Columbus,  1843-44  ;  at  Zanes- 
ville,  1845-46  ;  of  Wesley  Chapel,  Cincinnati;  1847  ; 
was  professor  at  Wesley  Female  college,  1848-49, 
and  pastor  of  Morris  Chapel,  Cincinnati,  1850-51. 
He  then  went  to  Brooklyn,  N.Y.,  where  he  was 
pastor  of  the  Pacific  Street  church,  1852-53  ;  the 
South  Second  Street  church,  1854-55  ;  and  the 
Sands  Street  church,  1856-57  ;  and  he  was  sta 
tioned  at  Danbury,  Conn.,  1858-59;  at  the  For- 
syth  Street  church,  New  York  city,  1860-61  ;  at 
Bridgeport  and  New  Roclielle.  N.Y.,  1862-95; 
at  Trinity  church,  Newburgh,  N.Y..  1866-68;  at 
Sing  Sing,  1869-71  ;  at  St.  Paul's,  Peekskill,  1872- 
73,  and  in  1873  became  professor  of  systematic 
theology  in  Drew  Theological  seminary,  Madison, 
N.J.  He  was  a  member  of  the  general  confer 
ence  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church  in  1864, 
1872,  1876,  1888  and  1892  ;  of  the  Centennial 
Methodist  conference  in  1884,  where  he  presented 
a  paper  on  the  work  of  the  Christinas  Conference 
of  1784,  and  was  a  fraternal  delegate  to  the  gen 
eral  conference  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church, 
south,  in  1887.  He  received  the  degree  of  D.I),  in 
1858  and  LL.D.  in  1881  from  Ohio  Wesleyan  uni 
versity.  He  is  the  author  of  The  Atonement  in 
Christ  (1879);  Systematic,  Tlieology  (2  vols.,  1892- 
94),  and  contributions  to  church  periodicals.  He 
died  at  Madison.  N.J.,  Dec.  13,  1896. 


[476] 


MILLAR 


MILLEDOLER 


MILLAR,  Alexander  Copeland,  minister  and 
educator,  was  born  in  McKeesport,  Pa.,  May  17, 
18lil  ;  son  of  William  John  and  Ellen  (Caven) 
Millar  ;  grandson  of  Alexander  and  Amelia  (Coale) 
Millar  and  of  William  and  Jane  (Langhead) 
Caven,  and  a  descendant  of  John  Millar,  who 
came  from  Ireland  and  settled  in  Chester,  Pa., 
about  1798.  He  removed  with  his  parents  to  Mis 
souri  in  1807  and  was  graduated  from  Central 
college,  Fayette,  Mo.,  A.B..  188-1,  A.M.,  1889.  He 
taught  in  public  schools  and  in  Brookfield  acad 
emy  ;  was  professor  of  English  and  German 
at  Grove's  high  school,  Dallas,  Texas,  1885  ;  pro 
fessor  and  president  of  Neosho  Collegiate  in 
stitute,  Missouri,  1886  ;  and  was  elected  presi 
dent  of  Central  Collegiate  institute,  Altus,  Ark., 
in  1887,  which  afterward  moved  to  Con  way.  Ark., 
and  became  Hendrix  college  and  over  which  he 
retained  the  presidency.  He  was  married,  June 
27,  1887,  to  Elizabeth  Frances Harwood.  He  was 
ordained  to  the  ministry  of  the  Methodist  Episco 
pal  church,  south,  in  1888.  He  was  at  the  head 
of  the  movement  for  good  roads  in  Arkansas, 
winch  resulted  in  a  county  road  tax  in  1889,  and 
lie  led  the  movement  to  secure  legislation  regulat 
ing  the  bestowal  of  college  charters  and  degrees. 
He  was  a  delegate  to  the  Ecumenical  conference 
on  foreign  missions  ;  presiding  elder  of  Morrilton 
district,  1899,  and  became  a  member  of  the  gen 
eral  board  of  education,  M.  E.  Church,  south,  in 
1898.  He  is  the  author  of  Twentieth  Century 
Educational  Problems  (1901). 

MILLARD,  Joseph  Hopkins,  senator,  was 
born  in  Hamilton,  Canada,  in  April,  1836  ;  son 
of  Isaiah  K.  and  Elizabeth  (Hopkins)  Millard. 
He  removed  to  Nebraska  Territory  in  18,16,  and 
settled  in  Omaha.  He  founded  and  was  president 
of  the  Omaha  National  bank  and  for  many  years 
a  director  of  the  Union  Pacific;  railroad.  He  was 
elected  U.  S.  senator  as  successor  to  J.  M.  Thurs- 
ton.  whose  term  expired  March  3,  1901,  Senator 
Millard's  term  expiring  March  3,  1907. 

MILLEDGE,  John,  senator,  was  born  in  Savan 
nah,  Ga.,  in  1757  ;  son  of  Capt.  John  Milledge, 
who  emigrated  from  England  with  Oglethorpe  in 
1733  became  prominent  in  the  colony  and  served 
in  the  colonial  assembly.  The  son  acquired  a 
good  education,  studied  law  in  the  office  of  the 
king's  attorney  and  at  the  outbreak  of  the  Revo 
lutionary  war  joined  the  Continental  army.  He 
was  one  of  the  party  that  rifled  the  powder  mag 
azine  at  Savannah  of  the  powder  subsequently 
used  in  the  battle  of  Bunker  Hill.  He  assisted 
Joseph  Habersham  in  the  capture  of  Gov. 
James  Wright,  in  his  own  dwelling,  June  17, 
1775  ;  and  upon  the  capture  of  Savannah  by  the 
British,  and  the  escape  of  Governor  Wright, 
Milledge  fled  to  South  Carolina,  where  he  was 
taken  prisoner  by  a  party  of  patriots  and  but  for 


the  timely  interference  of  an  officer  to  whom  he 
was  known,  would  have  been  hanged  as  a  spy. 
He  participated  in  the  assaults  upon  Savannah 
and  Augusta.  Governor  Howley  appointed  him 
attorney-general  of  the  colony  in  1780  and  lie 
assisted  the  governor  in  removing  the  archives  out 
of  the  colony  for  safety.  He  was  a  representative 
in  the  state  legislature  after  the  reorganization 
of  the  state  government,  for  several  years,  and 
a  representative  in  the  '3d,  4th,  5th  and  7th  con 
gresses,  1792-93,  1795-99  and  1801-03.  He  helped 
in  1795  in  exposing  the  "  Yazoo  fraud,"  and  was 
Georgia  commissioner  with  James  Jackson  and 
Abraham  Baldwin  to  negotiate  with  the  three 
U.  S.  commissioners  the  treaty  by  which  the 
owners  of  the  land  were  compensated  by  the 
United  States,  and  the  Mississippi  territory  be 
came  the  property  of  the  Federal  government. 
He  was  governor  of  Georgia,  1803-06  ;  U.  S. 
senator  as  successor  to  James  Jackson,  deceased, 
1806*-07.and  was  re-elected  in  1807  for  a  full  term, 
but  resigned  in  1809  and  was  succeeded  by 
Charles  Tait.  He  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the 
University  of  Georgia  and  in  1801  gave  to  the 
trustees  for  the  benefit  of  the  institution  630  acres 
of  land  upon  which  the  university  buildings  were 
situated  and  the  city  of  Athens  was  built.  The 
original  intention  of  the  legislature  was  to  erect 
buildings  for  the  university  at  Louisville,  in 
Jefferson  county,  but  Milledge's  donation  changed 
the  plan.  Milledgeville,  the  state  capital  from  1807 
to  1868,  was  named  in  his  honor.  He  was  a  trus 
tee  of  the  University  of  Georgia,  1800-06.  He 
died  at  his  home,  near  Augusta,  Ga. ,  Feb.  9,  1818. 
MILLEDOLER,  Philip,  educator,  was  born  in 
Rhinebeck,  N.Y.,  Sept.  22,  1775  ;  son  of  John  and 
Anna  Milledoler,  who  emigrated  from  Geneva, 
Switzerland,  in  1751.  He  was  graduated  from 
Columbia  college,  A.B.,  1793,  A.M.,  1797;  and 
was  ordained  by  the  synod  of  the  German  Re- 


Q.UEt/\J£>      COLLEGE 


formed  church,  May  17,  1794.  He  was  pastor  of 
the  German  Reformed  church  on  Nassau  street. 
New  York  city,  1794-1800  ;  of  the  Third  Presby 
terian  church  of  Philadelphia,  1800-04;  of  the 


HT7J 


MILLER 


MILLER 


Collegiate  Presbyterian  churches  of  New  York, 
1804-13  ;  and  of  the  Collegiate  Dutch  Reformed 
churches,  1813-2,1.  He  was  professor  of  didactic 
and  polemic  theology  at  the  Seminary  of  the  Re 
formed  Dutch  church,  New  Brunswick,  N.J.  ; 
and  president  and  professor  of  moral  philosophy 
at  Rutgers  college,  1825-40.  He  \\as  a  trustee  of 
Rutgers  college,  1815-40.  The  honorary  degree  of 
D.D.  was  conferred  on  him  by  the  University  of 
Pennsylvania  in  1805.  He  was  elected  a  member 
of  the  American  Philosophical  society  in  1840.  He 
is  the  author  of  Dissertation  on  Incestuous  Mar 
riages  (1843),  and  many  sermons  and  addresses. 
His  son,  Philip  Edward  Milledoler,  was  a  well- 
known  clergyman  of  the  Episcopal  church,  a 
member  of  the  New  York  assembly  and  a  trustee 
of  Rutgers  college.  Philip  Milledoler  died  on 
Staten  Island.  N.Y.,  Sept.  23.  1852. 

MILLER,  Alfred  Brashear,  educator,  was  born 
near  Brownsville,  Pa..  Oct.  16,  1823;  son  of 
Moses  and  Mary  (Knight)  Miller  :  grandson  of 
Samuel  and  —  —  (Davidson)  Miller,  and  great- 
grandson  of  Shedrich  and  —  —  (Crabbe)  Miiller, 
who  came  from  Germany  about  1725,  landed  at 
Philadelphia  and  settled  in  Western  Pennsylvania. 
He  was  graduated  from  Waynesburg  college  in 
1853  ;  was  professor  of  mathematics  there,  1853- 
58  ;  president,  1858-99,  and  was  elected  president 
emeritus  and  acting  professor  of  the  philosophi 
cal  sciences  in  1899.  He  was  pastor  of  the  Cum 
berland  Presbyterian  church,  Waynesburg,  1865- 
75.  The  honorary  degree  of  D.D.  was  confer 
red  on  him  by  Adrian  college  in  1875,  and  that  of 
LL.D.  by  Cumberland  university  at  Lebanon, 
Tenn.,  in  1880.  He  lectured  before  teachers'  in 
stitutes,  summer  schools  and  Chautauquas,  and  is 
the  author  of  Doctrines  and  Genius  of  the  Cum 
berland  Presbyterian  Church  (1890).  He  died  in 
Waynesburg,  Pa.,  Jan.  30,  1902. 

MILLER,  Charles  Henry,  artist,  was  born  in 
New  York  city,  March  20, 1842  ;  son  of  Jacob  and 
Jane  M.  (Taylor)  Miller;  grandson  of  Abraham 
and  Dorcas  Taylor  of  Yonkers,  N.Y.;  great-grand 
son  of  Jacobus  Mulder  and  of  Stephen  Oakley, 
atid  a  descendant  of  Fernandas  De  Muldor,  who 
came  from  Nykirk,  Holland,  to  New  Netherlands 
iji  1G64.  He  made  his  first  studies  from  nature 
surrounding  his  native  city,  principally  on  Long 
Island,  of  which  "  little  continent  "  Bayard  Tay 
lor  called  him  "  The  Artistic  Discoverer."  He 
attended  Mt.  Washington  collegiate  institute  and 
was  graduated  from  the  New  York  Homeopathic 
medical  institute,  M.IX.  in  1861,  but  abandoned 
the  profession  to  study  art  in  Europe,  1867-70. 
In  1860  he  exhibited  "  The  Challenge  Accepted  " 
at  the  National  Academy  of  Design,  New  York 
city.  He  was  a  pupil  of  Adolf  Lier  ;  also  a  stu 
dent  at  the  Royal  Academy  of  Bavaria,  at  Munich, 
1867.  He  was  elected  an  associate  member  of  the 


National  Academy  of  Design,  1873,  and  an  Aca 
demician  in  1875.  He  was  president  of  the  New 
York  Art  club  in  1879  ;  and  of  the  American  com 
mittee  at  the  International  exposition  held  at 
Munich  in  1883.  He  was  awarded  the  gold  medal  of 
the  Massachusetts 
Charitable  Mechan 
ic  association.  1878, 
and  a  gold  medal  at 
the  Cotton  States  ex 
position,  New  Or 
leans,  1885.  His  paint 
ings  exhibited  at  the 
National  Academy 
include:  Near  Mu 
nich  (1870);  A  Lontj 
Island  Homestead 
(1873);  High  Bridge 
from  Harlem  J.<ine 
(1875);  A  Bouquet  of 
Oaks  (1884);  A  Sub 
urban  Wayside(l88Q) ; 

and  A  Cornfield  at  Qiieenlawn  (1887).  He  exhi 
bited  Old  Mill  at  Springfield,  Long  Island,  at  the 
Centennial,  Philadelphia;  Oaks  at  Creedmoor, 
at  the  Paris  Exposition  of  1878,  and  Sunset  at 
Queens,  at  the  Exposition  of  1882.  He  became 
well  known  as  an  art  critic  and  under  the  pen 
name  Carl  de  Muldor,  wrote  The  Philosophy  of 
Art  in  America  (1885). 

MILLER,  Charles  Ransom,  editor,  was  born  at 
Hanover,  N.IL,  Jan.  17,  1849;  son  of  Elijah 
Tenney  and  Chastina  (Hoyt)  Miller,  and  grand 
son  of  Elijah  Tenney  and  Eunice  (Tenney)  Miller. 
He  prepared  for  college  at  academies  at  Meriden, 
N.H.,  and  South  Woodstock,  Vt.,  and  was  gradu 
ated  at  Dartmouth,  A.B.,  1872.  He  engaged  in 
journalism  and  was  on  the  staff  of  the  Springfield 
Republican,  1872-75,  and  on  the  New  York  Times, 
as  telegraph  and  foreign  editor  1875-81,  editorial 
writer,  1881-83,  and  in  1883  became  editor-in-chief 
and  subsequently  a  director  and  vice-president  of 
the  New  York  Times  Company.  He  was  married, 
Oct.  10.  1876,  to  Frances,  daughter  of  William  H. 
Daniels  of  Plainfield,  N.IL  He  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  Century  association,  and  of  the 
Metropolitan,  Lawyer's,  and  other  clubs. 

MILLER,  Emily  Clark  Huntington,  author, 
was  born  in  Brooklyn,  Conn.,  Oct.  22,  1833; 
daughter  of  Dr.  Thomas  and  Paulina  (Clark) 
Huntington  ;  granddaughter  of  Moses  and  Meli- 
cent  (Skinner)  Clark  and  of  Gen.  Jedidiah  and 
Ann  (Moore)  Huntington.  She  was  graduated 
from  Oberlin  college  in  1857,  and  in  1860  was  mar 
ried  to  John  E.  Miller  of  Greentown,  Ohio,  who 
died  in  1882.  She  became  editor  of  a  children's 
magazine,  Little  Corporal,  in  1867,  the  magazine 
being  combined  with  St.  Nicholas  in  1875.  She 
was  dean  of  women  in  the  Northwestern  univer- 


1478] 


MILLER 


MILLER 


sity.  Evanston,  111..  1  s«)  1-08.  She  received  the 
honorary  degree  of  A.M.  from  Oberliu  in  1893. 
She  is  the  author  of  From  Avalon,  poems  (1806); 
The  Royal  Road  to  Fortune  ;  the  Kirkwood  series, 
including  The  House  that  Johnny  Rented,  The 
Bear's  Den,  Uncle  Dick's  Legacy,  Summer  at  River 
side  Farm,  and  Fighting  the  Enemy ;  The  King's 
Messengers  :  Thorn  Apples;  Home  Talks  about  the 
Word;  Helps  and  Hindrances ;  A  Little  Maid 
(poem)  :  Higlnrai/s  and  Hedges;  What  Tommy 
Did;  Little  Neighbors ;  Captain  Fritz;  Katlu'e's 
Experience  ;  For  the  Beloved  (poems),  and  Songs 
from  the  Nest  (poems).  She  also  contributed  ex 
tensively  to  periodicals. 

MILLER,  George  Funston,  representative, 
was  born  in  Chillisquaque  township,  Northum 
berland  county,  Pa..  Sept.  5,  1800  :  son  of  John  T. 
and  Sarah  (Funston)  Miller,  and  grandson  of 
John  and  Susannah  (Bowers)  Truckemiller.  He 
attended  the  academy  at  Milton,  Pa.,  engaged  in 
teaching  school,  studied  law  and  practised  in 
Lewisburg,  Pa.  He  was  a  Republican  represent 
ative  from  the  fourteenth  Pennsylvania  district 
in  the  39th  and  40th  congresses,  1865-60;  was 
active  in  establishing  the  University  at  Lewisburg 
in  1846  ;  was  a  member  of  the  board  of  curators, 
1846-83,  scribe,  1847-51,  and  secretary  of  the 
board  of  trustees,  1848-64.  He  received  the 
honorary  degree  of  LL.D.  from  Bucknell  univer 
sity  in  1876.  He  was  married,  Sept.  27,  1836,  to 
Amanda,  daughter  of  Daniel  Rose  Bright,  of 
Milton,  Pa.  His  two  sons  became  lawyers.  He 
died  in  Lewisburg.  Pa..  Oct.  21,  1885. 

MILLER,  Harriet  Mann,  author,  was  born  in 
Auburn,  N.Y.,  June  25,  1831  ;  daughter  of  Seth 
H.  and  Mary  Field  (Holbroolc)  Mann  ;  granddaugh 
ter  of  James  Mann,  a  merchant  of  Boston,  Mass., 
and  great  granddaughter  of  Benjamin  Mann,  a 
captain  in  the  American  army  at  Bunker  Hill. 
She  attended  private  schools  in  Syracuse,  N.Y., 
and  in  1842  her  parents  removed  to  Ohio,  where 
her  education  was  continued.  She  was  married 
in  1854  at  Rock  Island,  III.,  to  Watts  T.  Miller, 
resided  in  Chicago,  111.,  for  a  number  of  years,  and 
then  removed  to  Brooklyn,  N.Y.,  where  she  de 
voted  herself  to  literary  work.  She  first  wrote 
for  the  magazines  under  the  pen  name  "Olive 
Thome,"  and  subsequently  became  popularly 
known  as  "Olive  Thorne  Miller.''  She  began 
the  study  of  birds  about  1883  and  is  the  author  of  : 
TAitle  Folks  in  Feathers  anil  Fur  and  Others  in 
Neither  (1870):  Ninipo's  Troubles  (1870);  Queer 
Pets  at.  Marc. y  8  (1880):  Little  People  of  Asia 
(1880);  Bird  Ways  (1885);  In  Nesting  Time  (1SXS); 
The  Woman's  Club  (1801):  Little  Brothers  of  Hie 
.•l/V(1802):  .4  Bird-Lover  intJie  West  (1894);  Four- 
Handed  Folk  (1806)  ;  Upon  the  Tree-Tops  (1807): 
The,  First  Book  of  Birds  (1000) ;  The  Second  Book 
of  Birds  (1001). 


MILLER,  Homer  Virgil  Milton,  surgeon,  was 
born  in  Pendleton  district,  S.C.,  April  20,  1814; 
son  of  Maj.-Gen.  Andrew  and  Rachel  F.  (Cheri) 
Miller,  and  a  descendant  of  Welsh  and  Huguenot 
ancestry.  He  removed  to  Rabun  county,  Ga., 
with  his  parents  in  1820,  and  was  educated  at 
home.  He  was  graduated  at  the  Medical  College 
of  South  Carolina  in  1835  ;  was  married  the  same 
year  to  Harriet  Parry  Clark,  and  completed  his 
medical  studies  in  Paris,  France,  1835-38.  He 
practised  at  Cassville,  Ga..  1838-46,  and  was  also 
licensed  to  preach  in  the  Methodist  church.  He 
was  professor  of  obstetrics  in  the  Medical  college 
at  Memphis,  Tenn.,  1846-48  ;  professor  of  physi 
ology  in  the  Medical  college  at  Augusta,  Ga., 
1840-65  ;  served  in  the  Confederate  army,  1861- 
65,  first  as  surgeon  to  the  8th  Georgia  infantry 
regiment,  and  afterward  as  brigade  and  division 
surgeon  in  Virginia,  with  Gen.  Beauregard  at 
Charleston,  S.C.,  and  as  medical  director,,surgeon 
of  posts,  and  inspector  of  hospitals  in  Georgia. 
He  practised  medicine  in  Rome,  Ga.,  1865-67,  and 
was  professor  of  clinical  medicine,  chemistry 
and  practice  of  physic  in  the  Medical  college  at 
Atlanta,  Ga.,  1867-96.  He  was  a  Whig  candidate 
for  representative  in  the  20th  congress,  1844,  and 
was  active  in  the  Whig  presidential  canvasses  of 
1814.1848,1852  and  1856.  He  declined  to  serve 
as  a  delegate  to  the  convention  at  Montgomery, 
Ala.,  in  1858,  believing  it  to  be  a  secession  move 
ment.  He  was  chairman  of  the  committee  that 
nominated  Warren  Aiken  for  governor  of  Geor 
gia  in  opposition  to  Joseph  E.  Brown  in  1858  ; 
was  a  member  of  the  executive  committee  of  the 
Constitutional  Union  party  in  1860,  and  a  member 
of  the  state  reconstruction  convention  in  1867. 
He  was  sent  to  Europe  as  agent  of  the  Inter 
national  Cotton  exposition  at  Atlanta,  Ga.,  in 
1881  ;  was  principal  physician  of  the  Georgia 
penitentiary,  1800-06  ;  an  associate  editor  of  the 
Atlanta  Medical  and  Surgical  Journal;  a  trustee 
of  the  University  of  Georgia,  1860-67  and  1868-89, 
and  received  the  degree  of  LL.D.  from  Emory 
college.  He  died  in  Atlanta,  Ga.,  May  31,  1896. 

MILLEK,  Jacob  Welsh,  senator,  was  born  in 
German  Valley,  Morris  county,  N.J.,  in  Novem 
ber,  1800  ;  son  of  Henry  W.  and  Elizabeth  Miller, 
and  a  descendant  of  John  Henry  Miller,  who 
came  from  Zweibriicken,  Germany,  to  German 
Valley,  N.J.,  May  3,  1753.  He  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1823  and  practised  at  Morristovvn,  N.J. 
He  was  a  representative  in  the  general  assembly 
in  1832  ;  a  state  senator,  1838-40,  and  a  U.S.  sen 
ator,  1841-53.  He  refused  to  support  the  com 
promise  measures  of  1850  and  became  a  member 
of  the  Republican  party  in  1855.  He  was  married 
to  Mary  Louisa,  daughter  of  George  Parrot  Mac- 
culloch.  of  Morristovvn.  He  died  in  Morristown, 

X.I.,  Sept.  30.  1S62. 
[479] 


MILLER 


MILLER 


MILLER,  James,  soldier,  was  born  in  Peter 
borough,  N.H.,  April  25,  1776  :  son  of  James  and 
Catharine  (Gregg)  Miller  and  grandson  of  Samuel 
and  Mary  (Shearer)  Miller,  who  came  from  the 
North  of  Ireland  about  1720  and  settled  in  Lon 
donderry,  N.H.  James  Miller  attended  the  acad 
emy  at  Amherst,  Mass.,  and  Williams  college  ; 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1803  and  practised  at 
Greenfield,  N.H.,  1803-08.  He  was  captain  of  the 
Greenfield  artillery  attached  to  the  26th  New 
Hampshire  regiment  and  was  commissioned  ma 
jor  oftlie  4th  U.S.  infantry  March  3.  1809  to  take 
rank  from  July  8,  1808.  He  was  promoted  lieu 
tenant-colonel  and  transferred  to  the  5th  infantry, 
Nov.  30,  1810,  and  was  ordered  to  the  command 
of  the  regiment,  on  its  journey  to  Vmcennes,  Ind. , 
to  join  General  Harrison  in  the  war  against  the 
Indians  in  1811.  He  joined  Hull's  army  at  Ur- 
bana,  Ohio,  in  May.  1812;  participated* in  the 
battle  of  Brownstown.  Aug.  9,  1812,  where  he 
commanded  a  large  force  and  was  brevetted 
colonel  for  distinguished  services.  He  was  taken 
prisoner  at  Fort  Detroit  by  the  British,  Aug.  16, 
1812  ;  was  soon  paroled  and  sent  home,  and  was 
exchanged  for  Lord  Dacres  in  1813.  He  was 
transferred  to  the  6th  infantry.  Sept.  H,  1812, 
and  was  prominent  in  the  unsuccessful  campaign 
of  1813,  including  the  battle  of  Fort  George,  May 
27,  1813.  He  was  promoted  colonel,  21st  infan 
try,  March  9,  1814,  and  commanded  his  regiment 
at  the  battle  of  Bridge  water  where  he  captured 
a  battery  at  the  command  of  General  Brown.  For 
his  action  at  Cliippewa  he  was  made  brigadier- 
general.  July  2."),  1814.  He  commanded  a  division 
at  the  battle  of  Fort  Erie,  Sept.  17,  1814.  and  con 
tinued  in  active  service  until  the  close  of  the  war 
when  IIP  was  presented  with  a  sword  by  the  state 


of  New  York,  and  awarded  a  medal  by  congress. 
He  was  transferred  to  the  5th  infantry,  May  17. 
1815.  and  resigned  from  the  U.S.  army  Jan.  1, 
1819,  and  accepted  the  appointment  of  governor 
of  Arkansas  Territory,  serving  1819-23.  He  was 
elected  a  representative  in  the  19th  congress 
from  New  Hampshire  in  1824,  but  resigned  before 
taking  his  seat,  and  was  collector  of  customs  at 
Salem.  Mass.,  1825-49.  Nathaniel  Hawthorne 
spoke  of  him  as  "  New  England's  most  distinguish 
ed  soldier."  He  married,  first.  Martha,  daugh 
ter  of  Henry  Ferguson,  and  their  son.  James  Fer 


guson  Miller  (1805-1868),  was  commander,  and 
commodore  on  the  reserved  list,  U.S.N.  ;  and  he 
married  secondly,  Ruth  Flint  of  Lincoln,  Mass. 
He  died  at  Temple.  N.H..  July  7,  1851. 

MILLER,  James  Russell,  author,  was  born  in 
Frankfort  Springs,  Beaver  county,  Pa.,  March 
20,  1840  ;  son  of  James  A.  and  Eleanor  (Creswell) 
Miller,  and  grandson  of  James  and  Mary  (Russell) 
Miller.  He  was  graduated  at  Westminster  col 
lege,  New  Wilmington.  Pa.,  in  1862  ;  attended  the 
Allegheny  Theological  seminary  and  was  or 
dained  Aug.  11.  1X67,  pastor  of  the  United  Pres 
byterian  church  at  New  Wilmington,  Pa.,  and 
served  1867-69.  lie  was  married  June  22,  1870, 
to  Louise  E.,  daughter  of  William  II.  King  of 
Argyle,  N.Y.  :  was  pastor  of  the  Bethany  Pres 
byterian  church,  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  1869-78:  of 
the  Broadway  Presbyterian  church,  Rock  Island, 
111.,  1878-XO:  of  the  Holland  Memorial  church. 
Philadelphia,  Pa..  lxxi-83.  and  co-pastor  of  the 
same,  1884-98.  and  in  1889  became  pastor  of 
St.  Paul's  Presbyterian  church,  Philadelphia. 
He  was  made  the  editor  of  the  Presbyterian 
Board  of  Publication.  Philadelphia,  in  1880.  lie 
received  the  degree  of  D.D.  from  Westminster 
college  in  1880.  He  is  the  author  of  :  Week-Dai/ 
Keli</ion(iS80):  Home  Making(\W2);  In  His  Steps 
(1884);  Silent  Times  ( 1886);  Come  Ye  Apart  (1887); 
The  Marriage  Altar  (1887);  Practical  "Religion 
(188$);  The  Blessing  of  Cheerfulness  (1890);  Don't 
Worn/  (1890);  Hit*  of  Past  are  (189'));  The  Wed 
ded  Wife  (1890):  Making  the  Most  of  Life  (1891); 
Mary  of  Bethany  (\W\)  ;  Dew  of  thy  Youth  (1891); 
The  Erery  Dot/  of  Life  (1892);  Family  Prayers 
(1892);  (niinpsi-s  Through  Life's  Window  (1892) ; 
The  Building  of  Charaeter  (1894);  Dr.  Miller's 
Year  Book  (1894) ;  The  Hidden  Life  (1894) ;  Life's 
By  trays  and  \\'a,ysides  (1895);  Secrets  of  Happy 
Home  Life  (1896);  liij  the  Still  Waters  (1X97).  The 
Joy  of  Si'rrice  (1X97);  The  Master's  Blessedness 
(1898):  Things  to  Lire  For  (1898) ;  Secret  of  Glad 
ness  (189X);  J'ersonat  Friendsh in  of  Jesns  (1X98)- 
The  Marriage  Altar  (1X99);  The  Golden  Gate  of 
Prayer  (19(10);  Lnrintj  nil/  Neighbor  (1900);  The 
Ministry  of  Comfort  (1901). 

MILLER,  Joaquin  iCincinnatus  Heine),  poet, 
was  born  in  Liberty,  Union  county,  Ind.,  Nov.  10, 
1842;  son  of  Hillings  and  Margaret  (De  Witt) 
Miller  ;  grandson  of  Robert  Miller,  killed  in  the 
war  of  1812,  and  of  John  De  Witt,  and  a  descend 
ant  of  Scotch  and  Dutch  patriots.  His  father, 
a  teacher  ami  preacher,  migrated  to  Oregon  in 
the  early  fifties,  and  the  son  went  to  California. 
Ciiicinnat  us  engaged  in  mining  in  California: 
studied  law  under  George  H.  Williams  in  Oregon; 
was  express  messenger  in  Idaho  in  1864.  and  be 
came  the  editor  of  the  Democratic  Register  ot 
Eugene,  Ore.,  which  was  soon  after  suppressed 
by  military  authority  and  Miller  was  charged 


[480] 


MILLER 


MILLER 


with  disloyal  utterances.  In  1864  he  opened  a 
law  office  in  Canon  City,  and  gained  a  fair  prac 
tice.  He  engaged  in  several  skirmishes  with 
hostile  Indians  and  was  judge  of  the  district, 
1806-70.  In  1870  he  visited  Europe,  where  he 
published  his  first 
volume  of  verse, 
'•  Songs  of  the  Sier 
ras,"  under  the  pen 
name,  "  Joaquin  Mill 
er."  On  his  return 
to  America  he  lived 
in  New  York  city  and 
in  Washington,  1). 
C..  and  engaged  as  a 
journalist.  He  re 
moved  to  California 
in  1887,  where  his 
mountain  home  "  The 
Heights."  Oakland, 
Cal..  looking  out 
through  the  Golden 
Gate  on  the  Pacific,  became  one  of  the  sights  for 
tourists,  but  as  he  was  the  most  persistent  of  trav 
elers  he  was  rarely  seen  there.  In  1897  he  went  to 
the  Klondike,  where  he  underwent  severe  hard 
ship,  and  when  he  returned  to  the  East  he  lec 
tured  in  the  principal  cities.  He  next  went  to  the 
Orient  and  took  part  in  the  advance  on  Pekin 
for  the  relief  of  the  legations  in  1900,  and  in  1901 
he  returned  to  Oakland.  He  is  the  author  of 
several  successful  plays,  including  The  Danites 
(1876);  '.f9;  The  Silent  Man,  and  Tally-Ho  (1880). 
Besides  the  Songs  of  the  Sierras  his  books  in 
clude  :  Songs  of  the  Sunlands  (1873);  Life  among 
the  Modocs  (1874);  The  Old  Fair  Woman  (1874); 
First  Families  of  the  Sierras  (1875):  Songs  of  the 
Dt'sert  (1875);  Songs  of  Italy  (1878);  The  Ship  of 
the  Desert  (1880);  '4-9.  or  the  Gold  Seekers  of  the 
Sierras  (1880);  Shadoivs  of  Shasta  (1881); 
Memorie  and  Rime  (1882):  The  Destruction  of 
Gotham  (1883);  A  History  of  Montana  (3  vols., 
1805);  True  Bear  Stories  (1900);  and  The  Build 
ing  of  the  City  Beautiful  (1901). 

MILLER,  John,  governor  of  Missouri,  was  born 
in  Steubenville,  Ohio,  in  1780.  He  entered  the 
U.S.  army,  as  lieutenant-colonel  of  the  17th  in 
fantry,  March  12,  1812  ;  was  promoted  colonel 
and  transferred  to  the  19th  infantry,  and  com 
manded  a  detachment  of  troops  sent  out  from  Fort 
Meigs  during  the  investment  by  the  British,  and 
he  succeeded  in  destroying  the  enemy's  batteries, 
and  breaking  the  siege,  May  5,  1813.  He  resigned 
from  the  army,  Feb.  10, 1818  ;  removed  to  Missouri, 
was  register  of  public  lands  in  the  Howard  district 
for  a  number  of  years,  and  edited  theWestern  Her 
ald  in  1825.  He  was  governor  of  Missouri,  1826-32. 
At  the  beginning  of  his  administration  the  seat 
•of  government  was  removed  from  St.  Charles  to 

[481] 


Jefferson  City,  and  during  his  term  of  service  he 
recommended  the  establishment  of  military  posts 
to  protect  the  settlers  and  traders  from  the 
Indians,  and  lie  also  advocated  uniting  the  Illi 
nois  river  with  Lake  Michigan  by  a  canal.  He 
quickly  ended  several  Indian  outbreaks  by  calling 
out  the  militia  and  additional  volunteer  forces. 
He  was  a  Van  Buren  Democratic  representative 
from  the  Boonville  district  in  the  25th,  26th  and 
27th  congresses,  1837-43.  He  died  near  Florissant, 
Mo.,  March  18,  1846. 

MILLER,  John,  theologian,  was  born  in  Prince 
ton.  N.J.,  April  6,  1819;  son  of  the  Rev.  Samuel 
and  Sarah  (Sergeant)  Miller.  He  was  graduated 
at  the  College  of  New  Jersey.  A.B.,  1836,  A.M., 
1839,  and  at  the  Princeton  Theological  seminary 
in  1842.  He  was  ordained  pastor  of  the  Presby 
terian  church  at  Frederick  City,  Md.,  Oct.  30, 
1843,  and  served,  1843-48.  He  was  pastor  of  the 
West' Arch  Street  church,  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  1850- 
55,  and  at  Lexington,  Va.,  1855-63.  He  served  as 
captain  of  artillery  in  the  Confederate  army  in 
1862  ;  was  pastor  of  the  Second  Presbyterian 
church  at  Petersburg.  Va.,  1863-71,  and  in  1871 
settled  in  Princeton.  N.J.,  and  devoted  himself  to 
literary  work.  His  views  on  the  subject  of  the 
Trinity,  the  divinity  of  Christ,  and  the  condition 
of  the  dead  were  opposed  to  the  doctrines  of 
the  Presbyterian  church,  and  he  was  dismissed 
by  the  Presbytery  of  Baltimore,  but  he  appealed 
to  the  synod  of  New  Jersey,  which  permitted  him 
to  withdraw  without  being  deposed.  He  then 
built  a  church,  at  his  own  expense,  at  Plainsboro, 
near  Princeton,  N.J.,  and  conducted  it  according 
to  the  doctrines  of  the  Cumberland  Presbyterian 
church.  He  built  a  second  church  at  Princeton, 
N.J.,  in  1880,  in  which  lie  officiated  until  1893, 
when  he  established  a  third  church  in  New 
Brunswick,  N.J.,  and  preached  there,  1892-95. 
He  is  the  author  of  :  Design  of  the  Church  (1846); 
Commentary  on  the  Proverbs  (1863);  Fetich  in 
Theology  (1874);  Metaphysics,  or  Tlie  Science  of 
Perception  (1875);  Are  Souls  Immortal  ?  (1877); 
Was  Christ  in  Adam?  (1877);  7s  God  a  Trinity  ? 
(1877);  Creed  (1879);  Theology  (1887),  and  Com 
mentary  on  Romans  (1887).  He  died  in  Prince 
ton,  N.J.,  April  14,  1895. 

MILLER,  John,  governor  of  North  Dakota, 
was  born  in  Dryden,  N.Y.,  Oct.  29,  1843;  son  of 
Archibald  and  Isabel  Miller,  who  came  from  Scot 
land  toTompkins  county,  N.Y.,  in  1836.  He  was 
brought  up  on  a  farm,  attended  Dryden  academy, 
and  engaged  in  business.  In  1880  he  removed  to 
Dakota  Territory  and  became  interested  in  real 
estate,  and  in  the  growing  and  exporting  of 
wheat.  He  was  a  member  of  the  territorial  coun 
cil  in  1888  ;  and  was  the  first  governor  of  the 
state  of  North  Dakota,  serving  1889-91.  While 
governor  he  expelled  the  agents  of  the  Louisiana 


MILLER 


MILLER 


lottery  from  the  state,  and  in  1896  he  removed 
to  Duluth,  Minn.,  where  he  established  the  John 
Miller  company,  grain  commission  merchants. 

MILLER,  John  Calvin,  educator,  was  born  at 
Apple  Creek,  Wayne  county,  Ohio,  Sept.  12, 1844  ; 
son  of  Samuel  and  Maria  Miller.  During  the  civil 
war  he  served  as  a  private  in  the  89th  Indiana 
volunteer  regiment,  1862-65.  He  was  graduated 
from  the  University  of  Wooster,  Ohio,  A.B..  1871, 
A.M.,  1874,  and  from  the  Union  Theological 
seminary,  N.Y..  in  1874.  He  was  ordained  by  the 
presbytery  of  Neosho,  June  30,  1874,  and  was 
married,  April  30,  1874,  to  Agnes  Sloan.  He  was 
pastor  at  Garnett,  Kan.,  1874-78;  of  the  Second 
Presbyterian  church  of  Topeka,  Kan.,  1878-85  ;  at 
Winfield,  Kan.,  1885-95,  and  of  the  First  church, 
Newton,  Kan.,  1895-98,  and  in  1898,  he  was 
elected  president  of  the  College  of  Emporia,  Kan. 
The  honorary  degree  of  D.D.  was  conferred  on 
him  by  the  University  of  Wooster  in  1893. 

MILLER,  John  Franklin,  senator,  was  born  in 
Union  county,  Ind.,  Nov.  21,  1831  ;  son  of  William 
Miller.  His  maternal  grandfather.  Col.  John 
Miller  (q.v.),  was  governor  of  Missouri,  1826- 
32.  He  removed  to  South  Bend,  Ind.,  with 

his  parents  in  1833  ; 
was  fitted  for  col 
lege  ;  studied  law  un 
der  Judge  Egbei't  at 
South  Bend,  Ind. ; 
graduated  in  law  at 
Ballston  Spa,  N.Y., 
in  1852  ;  practised  at 
South  Bend,  1852-53, 
and  San  Francisco 
and  Napa,  Cal.,  1853- 
55,  and  was  treas 
urer  of  Napa  coun 
ty,  1853-55  ;  he  prac 
tised  at  South  Bend, 
1855-61  ;  was  active 
in  the  Republican 

campaign  of  1856,  and  a  member  of  the  state 
senate.  1S61.  He  was  married  in  1857  to  Mary 
Chess.  He  was  an  aide  to  Governor  Morton,  with 
the  rank  of  colonel,  1861  ;  organized  and  was  made 
colonel  of  the  29th  Indiana  volunteers,  and  joined 
General  Rousseau  in  Kentucky,  Oct.  10,  1861. 
In  February,  1862,  he  succeeded  to  the  command 
of  a  brigade  in  Buell's  Army  of  the  Ohio,  and  his 
regiment  served  in  Kirk's  brigade  at  Pittsburg 
Landing,  April  7,  1862.  He  commanded  the  mili 
tary  barracks  at  Nashville,  and  later  the  city  of 
Nashville,  Tenn.,  and  was  ordered  to  command 
the  7th  brigade,  Negley's  8th  division,  at  Nash 
ville,  in  September,  1862.  He  distinguished  him 
self  at  the  battle  of  Stone's  River,  where,  in  com 
mand  of  the  3d  brigade.  2il  division.  Thomas's 
center,  he  charged  across  the  river  and  drove 

[J 


Gen.  John  C.  Breckinridge  from  his  position.  He 
was  wounded  in  the  neck  during  this  engagement. 
He  made  a  gallant  charge  in  Tullahoma  campaign 
at  Liberty  Gap,  June  25,  1863,  where  he  received 
a  wound  which  destroyed  the  sight  of  the  left 
eye,  and  the  bullet  was  not  removed  until  1875. 
He  was  promoted  brigadier-general  of  volunteers 
in  January,  1864,  for  gallantry  at  Liberty  Gap, 
and  he  commanded  the  Post  of  Nashville,  made 
up  of  8000  infantry  and  the  garrison  artillery,  at 
the  battle  of  Nashville.  Dec.  15-16,  1864.  He  was 
brevetted  major-general  of  volunteers  for  this 
battle  in  May,  1865,  and  commanded  the  district 
of  Mobile  in  the  summer  of  1865.  He  resigned 
from  the  volunteer  service  in  September,  1865, 
declined  a  commission  in  the  regular  army,  and 
practiced  law  in  San  Francisco,  Cal.,  and  was 
collector  of  the  port  of  San  Francisco,  1866-70. 
He  gave  up  his  legal  practice  in  1870  to  accept 
the  presidency  of  the  Alaska  Commercial  Fur 
company.  He  was  an  elector  on  the  Republican 
presidential  ticket  in  1872,  1876,  and  1880;  a 
member  of  the  state  constitutional  convention  in 
1879,  and  U.S.  senator.  1881-86.  While  in  the 
senate  he  was  chairman  of  the  committee  on 
foreign  relations  in  the  48th  and  49th  congresses. 
He  died  in  Washington,  B.C.,  March  8,  1886. 

MILLER,  John  Krepps,  representative,  was 
born  in  Mt.  Vernori,  Ohio,  May  25,  1819  ;  son  of 
Elie  and  Eleanor  G.  (Krepps)  Miller  ;  and  grand 
son  of  Jonathan  and  Mary  (Kickman)  Miller  and 
of  John  and  Mary  (Gillespie)  Krepps,  all  of 
Brownville,  Pa.  He  matriculated  at  Kenyon 
college,  Gambier,  Ohio,  with  the  class  of  1839, 
but  transferred  to  Jefferson  college,  Canonsburg, 
Pa.,  where  he  was  graduated  in  1838.  He  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1841,  practised  at  Mt. 
Vernon,  Ohio,  1841-63,  and  was  prosecuting  at 
torney  for  Knox  county,  1841-45.  He  was  mar 
ried  at  Wooster,  Ohio,  May  6,  1845,  to  Elizabeth 
Christmas,  daughter  of  William  and  Susan  ('. 
Larwill  of  Wooster.  Ohio;  their  only  child.  Vir 
ginia  Larwill,  married,  Dec.  20,  1870,  Gen.  Charles 
Ewing  (q.v.).  Mr.  Miller  was  a  Democratic 
representative  from  the  eleventh  Ohio  district  in 
the  30th  and  31st  congresses,  1847-51  ;  a  member 
of  the  Democratic  national  convention  of  1844, 
and  in  1853  declined  the  chief  justiceship  of 
Washington  Territory.  He  died  at  Mt.  Vernon, 
Ohio.  Aug.  11.  1863. 

MILLER,  Joseph  Nelson,  naval  officer,  was 
born  in  Springfield,  Ohio.  Nov.  22,  1836.  He  was 
graduated  at  the  U.S.  Naval  academy,  after  a 
three  years'  course,  in  1854  ;  promoted  passed  mid 
shipman,  Nov.  22.  1856  ;  served  as  an  assistant 
instructor  at  the  U.S.  Naval  academy,  1857-58  ; 
was  promoted  master,  Jan.  22.  1858;  lieutenant, 
Feb.  19.  1860.  \vas  on  blockading  duty.  1861-62; 
was  promoted  lieutenant-commander,  July  16, 
<?] 


MILLER 


MILLER 


1862  ;  was  executive  officer  of  the  Passaic,  1862- 
63,  and  was  engaged  in  attacks  on  Forts  Mc 
Allister  and  Suinter  in  1863,  and  was  commended 
by  the  commanding  officer  for  botli  actions.  He 
served  as  executive  officer  of  the  Sacramento  and 
of  the  iron-dads  Sanrjamon  and  Nahant,  1863-64, 
and  on  May  16,«  1864,  commanded  the  Nahant  in 
an  attack  ou  Fort  Sumter.  He  commanded  the 
HL)iia<lnock.  1864-65.  and  participated  in  both 
attacks  on  Fort  Fisher.  He  was  at  the  U.S.  Naval 
academy,  1865-67  ;  executive  officer  on  the  Pacific 
an. I  North  Atlantic  stations,  1867-70,  and  was 
promoted  commander,  Jan.  25,  1870.  As  chief  of 
staff  of  the  Pacific  squadron  he  commanded  the 
O.isipee,  1870-73  ;  was  in  command  of  the  iron 
clad  Ajav,  1874,  and  was  assistant  hydrographer, 
1873  and  1874-75.  He  commanded  the  Tuscarora 
on  the  Pacific  station,  1875-76 ;  ran  a  line  of 
deep  sea  sounding  from  Honolulu  to  Brisbane, 
Australia,  and  investigated  and  reported  affairs 
at  S  unoa.  He  was  on  various  shore  duty,  1877- 
80,  and  was  promoted  captain,  May  28,  1881.  He 
commanded  the  receiving  ship  Wabash,  at  Bos 
ton,  1881-82,  and  1885-88  ;  the  Tennessee  as  chief 
of  staff  iu  1882,  and  1883-84  ;  was  captain  of  the 
New  York  navy  yard,  1888-91  ;  commanded  the 
Chicago,  1891-92;  the  receiving  ship  Vermont, 
18D3-94,  and  the  Boston  navy  yard,  1894-97.  He 
was  promoted  commodore,  April  16,  1894,  and 
rear-admiral,  March  21,  1897.  He  was  the  naval 
representative  of  the  United  States  at  London, 
England,  at  the  Queen's  jubilee  in  June,  1897. 


In  August,  1897,  with  the  Brooklyn,  as  his  flagship, 
he  hoisted  his  flag  at  Honolulu  as  commander- 
in-chief  of  the  Pacific  station,  and  in  August, 
1898,  hoisted  the  American  flag  when  the  United 
States  assumed  the  sovereignty  of  the  Hawaiian 
islands.  He  organized  the  naval  reserves  on  the 
Pacific  coast  during  the  Spanish-American  war, 
1838,  and  was  retired  from  active  service,  Nov. 
23,  1898. 

MILLER,  Lewis,  inventor  and  philanthropist, 
was  born  in  Greentown,  Ohio,  July  24,  1829  ;  son 
of  John  Miller,  who  removed  from  Maryland  to 
Ohio  in  1812  and  engaged  in  the  real  estate  busi 
ness.  Lewis  attended  public  schools  and  learned 
the  machinist's  trade,  and  with  the  help  of  his 
brother  Jacob,  invented  and  manufactured  a 


mower  and  reaper  and  other  agricultural  labor- 
saving  machinery,  at  Canton,  Akron  and  Mans 
field,  Ohio.  He  was  the  originator  of  an  im 
proved  auditorium  for  Sunday-schools,  and  he 
introduced  into  the  Sunday-school  service  piano 
and  cornet  music.  In  1873  he  proposed  to  J.  H. 
Vincent  and  other  Methodist  leaders  the  plan 
that  resulted  in  the  Chautauqua  assembly,  and  he 
served  as  its  first  president,  1874-99.  He  was 
vice-president  of  the  board  of  trustees  of  Mount 
Union  college,  Ohio,  1867-68,  and  presided,  1868- 
99  ;  a  trustee  of  Ohio  Wesleyan  university,  1873- 
83  ;  and  a  lay  trustee  of  Allegheny  college,  Mead- 
ville,  Pa.  He  was  also  a  founder  of  Buchtel  col 
lege,  Akron,  Ohio,  in  1872.  He  made  liberal  gifts 
to  colleges  and  churches.  He  died  in  New  York 
city,  Feb.  17,  1899. 

MILLER,  Marcus  Peter,  soldier,  was  born  at 
Stockbridge,  Mass.,  March  27,  1835  ;  son  of  Mar 
cus  L.  and  Eliza  C.  (Van  Bramer)  Miller,  grand 
son  of  Calvin  Miller  and  a  descendant  of  Asa 
Miller,  1st  lieutenant  in  a  militia  regiment  com 
manded  by  Levy  Ely 
in  the  Revolution. 
He  was  graduated  at 
the  U.  S.  Military 
academy,  July  1,  18- 
58  ;  was  promoted  3d 
lieutenant,  4th  artil 
lery,  Sept.  26,  1859  ; 
1st  lieutenant,  May 
14.  1861  ;  served  in 
the  defense  of  Wash 
ington,  D.C.,  1861- 
62  ;  as  quartermaster 
of  his  regiment,  1862, 
and  as  adjutant,  18- 
62-64.  He  was  mar 
ried  Nov.  5.  1863,  to 
Catherine  S.,  daughter  of  Gen.  Joseph  A.  Has- 
kin  (q.  v.).  He  served  in  the  Virginia  pen 
insula  campaign  as  ordnance  officer  ;  was  brevet- 
ted  captain,  July  1,  1.862,  for  gallantry  at  Mal- 
vern  Hill;  commanded  a  battery  in  the  Maryland 
and  Rappahannock  campaigns  ;  fought  at  Antie- 
tam.  Fredericksburg,  and  Chancellors vi lie  ;  was 
on  various  duties  in  Maryland  and  at  Wash 
ington,  1863-64  ;  was  promoted  captain,  March 
11,  1864;  commanded  a  battery  at  Kernstown, 
Va.,  1864-65  :  took  part  in  the  battles  of  Dinwid- 
die  C.H..  Five  Forks.  Scott's  Corner  and  Sailor's 
Creek.  1865,  and  was  present  at  the  surrender  of 
Lee.  He  was  brevetted  major,  March  13,  1865, 
for  services  in  the  campaign  from  Winches 
ter  to  Richmond,  Va.,  and  lieutenant-colonel, 
March,  31.  1865,  for  Dinwiddie  C.H.  He  served 
in  Washington.  D.C.,  and  vicinity,  1865-72  ;  on 
frontier  duty  at  Fort  Stevens,  Ore.  :  in  the  Modoc, 
Nez  Perces  and  Bannock  Indian  campaigns,  and 


[483] 


MILLER 


MILLER 


n  garrison  in  California,  1872-79  ;  at  the  Artil 
lery  school,  Fort  Monroe,  Va.,  and  at  West  Point, 
1881-84  ;  was  promoted  major  and  transferred  to 
the  oth  artillery,  Sept.  14,  1883  ;  commanded  Fort 
Columbus  and  the  rifle  camp  at  Fisher's  Island, 
N.Y..  1888;  was  brevetted  colonel,  Feb.  27,  1890, 
for  services  in  action  against  the  Indians  in  the 
lava  beds  of  California,  April  17,  1873,  and  special 
gallantry  and  military  ability  at  Clearwater, 
Idaho,  July  11-12,  1877.  He  was  promoted  lieu 
tenant-colonel,  1st  artillery.  Oct.  10,  1894,  and 
colonel,  3d  artillery,  April  30,  1897.  He  was  com 
missioned  brigadier-general  of  volunteers  at  the 
outbreak  of  the  Spanish  American  war.  May  27, 
1898,  and  commanded  a  brigade  in  Manila,  1898- 
99.  On  Feb.  11,  1899,  he  was  in  command  of  the 
forces  of  the  U.S.  army  and  participated  with  the 
navy  in  capture  of  Iloilo,  and  he  commanded  the 
forces  there  until  March  27,  1899.  His  volunteer 
commission  was  vacated,  Feb.  23,  1899.  He  was 
.promoted  brigadier-general,  U.S.A.,  Feb.  8,  1899  ; 
was  retired  by  operation  of  law,  having  reached 
the  age  limit,  March  27,  1899,  and  returned  to  his 
home  in  Stockbridge,  Mass. 

MILLER,  Merrill,  naval  officer,  was  born  in 
Bellefontaine,  Ohio,  Sept.  13,  1847  ;  son  of  Henry 
and  Mary  Miller.  He  was  appointed  to  the  U.S. 
Naval  academy,  Nov.  28.  1859 ;  was  attached  to 
the  frigate  Potomac,  1861-62,  and  was  promoted 
ensign,  Oct.  13,  1862.  He  served  with  the  Missis 
sippi  squadron,  1862-63  ;  took  part  in  the  battles 
of  Arkansas  Post,  Oct.  13,  1862,  and  Haines's 
Bluff  in  1863,  and  had  charge  of  the  mortar-boats 
at  the  siege  of  Vicksburg  Cor  twenty-three  days 
in  1863.  He  was  promoted  lieutenant,  Feb.  22, 
1864  ;  served  on  the  North  Atlantic  blockading 
squadron,  1864-65,  in  the  expedition  up  the  James 
River  in  1864,  and  in  both  attacks  on  Fort  Fisher, 
1864  and  1865.  He  was  attached  to  the  iron-clad 
Monadnock,  in  1866  ;  promoted  lieutenant-com 
mander,  July  25,  1866  ;  was  at  the  Naval  academy, 
1867-69,  and  attached  to  the  Lancaster,  flagship 
of  the  Atlantic  squadron.  1869-72,  and  to  the 
Worcester,  flagship  of  the  North  Atlantic  station, 
1872-74.  He  was  again  at  the  Naval  academy, 
1875-79 ;  promoted  commander,  Nov.  25,  1877, 
and  commanded  the  Yanticon  the  North  Atlantic 
station  in  1880.  He  was  light-house  inspector, 
1881-84  ;  commanded  the  Marion  on  the  Asiatic 
station.  1885-83  ;  was  at  the  Portsmouth  navy 
yard,  1888-89,  and  at  the  Philadelphia  Naval 
home,  1888-92.  He  was  light-house  inspector, 
1892-93;  was  promoted  captain.  Feb.  25,  1893, 
commanded  the  receiving-ship  Franklin.  1893-97, 
and  the  receiving-ship  Vermont,  1897-1900.  He 
was  promoted  rear-admiral  and  assigned  to  the 
•command  of  the  navy  yard  at  Mare  Island,  Gal., 
July  1.  1900,  his  date  for  retirement  for  age  limit 
.being  Sept.  13,  1904. 


MILLER,  Nathan,  delegate,  was  born  in  War 
ren,  R.I.,  March  26,  1743  ;  son  of  Col.  Nathan 
Miller.  He  was  a  ship  carpenter  by  trade  and  was 
prominent  in  the  pre-Revolutionary  movements. 
In  October,  1775,  lie  was  appointed  by  the  general 
assembly  commissary  to  the  troops  stationed  on 
Rhode  Island,  under  the  command  of  Brig.- 
Gen.  Esek  Hopkins.  On  May  5,  1779,  he  was 
elected  major-general  of  the  newly  brigaded  mil 
itia  of  Newport  county,  and  on  Feb.  26,  1781,  the 
assembly,  in  order  to  supply  the  place  of  the 
French  troops  withdrawn  from  the  state,  voted  to 
call  out  1300  militia  to  serve  for  one  month  under 
General  Miller.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  Con 
tinental  congress  from  July  14,  1786,  till  Nov. 
3,  1786.  He  was  re-elected  but  did  not  take  his 
seat.  On  July  27,  1786,  he  voted  for  the  bill  for 
imposing  duties  on  foreign  goods  to  pay  the 
debt  contracted  by  the  United  States  during  the 
war,  and  on  October  13  he  voted  for  the  estab 
lishment  of  a  board  to  liquidate  all  debts  be 
tween  the  United  States  and  individual  states. 
He  served  in  the  state  convention  of  1790,  where 
he  favored  the  ratification  of  the  Federal  consti 
tution,  but  he  did  not  live  to  see  his  state  ratify 
the  instrument.  He  married  Rebecca  Barton, 
who  died  Aug.  21,  1817.  He  died  at  Warren, 
R.I.,  May  20,  1790. 

MILLER,  Olive  Thorne,  see  Miller,  Harriet 
Mann. 

MILLER,  Samuel,  clergyman  and  author,  was 
born  near  Dover,  Del.,  Oct.  31,  1769;  son  of  the 
Rev.  John  and  Margaret  (Milling  ton)  Miller;  grand 
son  of  Allumby  and  Elizabeth  (Harris)  Milling- 
ton  of  Talbot  count}',  Md.,  and  of  John  Miller,  a 
Scotchman,  who  immigrated  to  Boston,  Mass.,  in 
1719,  where  he  married  Margaret  Bass  of  Brain- 
tree  and  conducted  a  sugar  refinery  and  distillery 
for  several  years.  Samuel  received  his  prepara 
tory  education  under  his  father ;  entered  the 
senior  class  of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania 
and  was  graduated  there  with  first  honors,  A.B., 
1789,  A.M.,  1792.  He  was  licensed  to  preach  by 
the  presbytery  of  Lewes,  Del.,  Oct.  13,  1791, 
shortly  after  his  father's  death,  and  completed  his 
theological  studies  under  the  Rev.  Charles  Nisbet 
(q.  v.)  in  1792.  He  preached  in  several  churches 
in  Delaware  ;  was  a  colleague  to  the  Rev.  Dr. 
Rodgers  and  the  Rev.  Dr.  McKnight  in  the 
"  Brick  "  and  "  Wall  Street  "  churches,  known 
then  as  the  First  church,  New  York  city,  1793- 
1809,  and  sole  pastor  of  the  Wall  Street  church, 
1809-13.  He  was  married,  Oct.  24, 1801,  to  Sarah, 
daughter  of  the  Hon.  Jonathan  Dickinson  and 
Margaret  (Spencer)  Sergeant  of  Philadelphia, 
Pa.  He  was  moderator  of  the  general  assembly 
of  the  Presbyterian  church  in  1806  ;  a  founder 
and  director  of  Princeton  Theological  seminary, 
1812-13,  and  professor  of  ecclesiastical  history 


[484] 


MILLER 


MILLER 


ami  church  government  there,  1813-49,  and  pro 
fessor  emeritus.  1849-50.  He  was  commissioned 
by  Governor  Tompkins  chaplain  of  the  1st  regi 
ment  of  the  New  York  artillery  in  April,  1809. 


He  made  strong  efforts  to  promote  peace  between 
the  two  factions  of  the  Presbyterian  church.  He 
declined  the  presidency  of  the  University  of 
North  Carolina  and  of  Hamilton  college  in  1812. 
He  was  a  trustee  of  Columbia  college,  1806-13. 
-and  of  the  College  of  New  Jersey.  1807-50.  He 
became  a  member  of  the  American  Philosophical 
society  in  1800:  a  corresponding  member  of  the 
Philosophical  society  of  Manchester,  England. 
1804:  a  founder  in  181)4  and  corresponding  sec 
retary  of  the  New  York  Historical  society,  and  a 
corresponding  member  of  the  Massachusetts  and 
New  Jersey  Historical  societies.  He  received  the 
honorary  degree  A.M.  from  Yale  and  the  College 
of  New  Jersey  in  1792.  D.l).  from  the  University 
of  Pennsylvania  and  Union  college  in  1804,  and 
from  the  University  of  North  Carolina  in  1811, 
and  LL.I).  from  Washington  college.  Maryland, 
in  1847.  He  published  over  forty  political  and 
religious  pamphlets  including  Fourth,  of  July 
Oration  before  Tammany  Society  (1793);  Oration 
before  the  Society  for  Promoting  the  Manumission 
of  Slaves  (1797);  and  lie  is  the  author  of  ^rl  Brief 
Retrospect,  of  the  18th  Century  (2  vols.,  1803);  Let 
ters  on  ///c  Constitution  and  Order  of  the  Christian 
Ministry  (1807),  with  a  Continuation  (1809);  Me 
moir  of  the  Rev.  John  Rodgers  (1813):  Letters  on 
Unitarianism(lS21);  Letterson  the  Eternal  Son- 
x///l>  of  ( 'hrist  (1825) ;  Letters  on  Clerical  Manners 
a  mi  Habits  (1827):  An  Essay  on  the  Warrant,  Na 
ture  anil  Duties  of  th,e  Office  of  the  Riding  Elder  of 
•  the  Presbyterian  Church  (1831);  Letters  to  Pres 
byterians  on  the  Present  Crisis  in  the  Presbyterian 
Clmrcli  in.  the  United  States  (1833);  Infant  Bap 
tism,  (1831);  Presbyterianism,  the  Truly  Primitive 
an<l  Apostolical  Constitution  of  the  Church  of 
( 'lirist  (1835) ;  Life  of  Jonathan  Edwards  and  of 
David  Bra i nerd  (reprint,  1837);  Memoir  of  the 
Rev.  Charles  Nesbit,  D.D.  (1840);  The  Primitive 
and  Apostolic  Order  of  the  Church  of  Christ  Vin 
dicated  (1840);  Letters  from  a  Father  to  his  Sons 


in  College  (1843);  A  Sermon  on  the  Riding  Elder 
ships  in  the  Presbyterian  Church,  u-ith  an  Ap 
pendix  (1843);  Thoughts  on  Public  Prayer  (1849). 
He  died  in  Princeton,  N.J.,  Jan.  7,  1850. 

fllLLER,  Samuel,  clergyman,  was  born  at 
Princeton,  N.J.,  Jan.  23,  1816  ;  son  of  the  Rev. 
Samuel  and  Sarah  (Sergeant)  Miller.  His  uncle, 
Dr.  Edward  Miller  (1760-1812)  was,  with  Drs. 
Smith  and  Mitchell,  founder  of  the  Medical  Re 
pository,  New  York,  1797,  and  was  professor  of 
medicine  in  the  College  of  Physicians  and  Sur 
geons.  1807.  Samuel  was  graduated  at  the  Col 
lege  of  New  Jersey,  A. B.,  1833,  A.M.,  1836;  was 
tutor  there,  1835-36  ;  studied  law,  was  admitted 
to  the  Philadelphia  bar,  and  practised  there  until 
1841,  when  he  entered  Princeton  Theological 
seminary.  He  was  graduated  in  1844;  was  or 
dained  evangelist  by  the  presbytery  of  New 
Brunswick,  Oct.  5,  1844  ;  was  stated  supply  at 
Mount  Holly,  N.J.,  1845-50,  and  pastor  there, 
1850-73  :  also  served  as  a  stated  supply  at  Colum 
bus.  1845-65,  and  at  Tuckerton  and  Bass  River, 
N.J..  1858-62,  and  was  pastor  at  Oceanic,  1880- 
83.  He  was  principal  of  the  West  Jersey  Collegi 
ate  institute  at  Mount  Holly,  1845-57.  He  re 
ceived  the  degree  of  D.D.  from  the  College  of 
New  Jersey  in  1864,  and  was  a  director  of  the 
Princeton  Theological  seminary,  1869-83.  His 
brother,  Elihu  Spencer  (1817-1879),  was  a  well 
known  lawyer,  law  editor  and  author  in  Philadel 
phia.  Dr.  Miller  published  a  Report  of  the  Presby 
terian  Church  Case  (1840) ,  and  Life  and  Writings 
of  the  Rev.  Samuel  Miller,  his  father  (2  vols.,  1869). 
He  died  at  Mount  Holly,  N.J.,  Oct.  12,  1883. 

MILLER,  Samuel  A.,  geologist,  was  born  in 
Coolville,  Athens  county,  Ohio,  Aug.  28,  1836. 
He  attended  Ohio  university  and  the  Cincinnati 
Law  school ;  practised  law  in  Cincinnati,  1860 
and  1862-97 ;  and  edited  a  paper  at  Marietta, 
Ohio,  1861-62.  He  began  the  study  of  geology  in 
early  manhood,  made  important  original  re 
searches,  and  collected  many  rare  fossils  and  geo 
logical  specimens  and  also  a  valuable  scientific 
library.  He  was  a  member  of  the  geological 
commissions  of  Ohio,  Indiana,  Wisconsin,  Illinois 
and  Missouri.  He  received  from  Ohio  university 
the  degree  of  Ph.D.  "for  merit"  in  1893.  He 
contributed  many  articles  to  scientific  magazines 
and  to  the  proceedings  of  scientific  societies,  and 
is  the  author  of :  North  American  Geology  and 
Paleontology ;  Paleozoic  Fossils ;  Mesozoic  Fos 
sils  ;  Zeuoic  Fossils,  on  which  subjects  he  was  a 
recognized  authority.  He  died  in  Cincinnati, 
Ohio.  Dec.  19,  1897. 

MILLER,  Samuel  Freeman,  justice,  was  born 
in  Richmond.  Ky.,  April  7,  1816.  His  father  re 
moved  to  Kentucky  from  Reading,  Pa.,  in  1812, 
and  he  was  brought  up  on  the  farm,  and  first 
attended  the  Richmond  schools  in  1828.  In  1836, 


[4851 


MILLER 


MILLER 


after  serving  in  a  drug  store  as  clerk  for  some 
time,  lie  entered  Transylvania  university,  and  was 
graduated  M.D.,  1838.  He  practised  first  at 
Richmond,  and  afterward  at  Barboursville,  Ky., 
but  his  profession  becoming  distasteful  to  him  he 
studied  law  privately 
while  practising  med 
icine,  was  admitted 
to  the  Kentucky  bar 
in  1847,  and  engaged 
in  successful  practice 
at  Richmond.  He 
supported  Taylor  for 
the  Presidency  in  18- 
48,  and  in  the  state 
constitutional  con 
vention  of  1848  he  fa 
vored  emancipation. 
When  the  conven- 
tion  pledged  Ken- 
tncky  more  firmly 
than  ever  to  slavery 

he  removed  to  Keokuk,  Iowa,  in  1850,  where 
he  was  immediately  recognized  as  a  leader  in 
his  profession  and  of  the  Republican  party.  He 
was  married  in  1858  to  the  widow  of  Mr.  Reeve, 
his  law  partner.  He  declined  all  public  offices 
until  1861,  when  the  death  of  Peter  V.  Daniel 
and  John  McLean  and  the  resignation  of  John  A. 
Campbell,  had  left  three  vacancies  on  the  bench 
of  the  U.S.  supreme  court,  and  he  was  appointed 
associate  justice  to  succeed  Mr.  Justice  Daniel, 
July  16,  1862.  He  was  for  many  years  senior 
associate  justice,  and  he  wrote  the  opinion  of  the 
court  confirming  the  decision  of  the  supreme  court 
of  Louisiana  in  three  slaughter-house  cases  in  1872, 
in  which  the  scope  of  the  fourteenth  amendment 
was  limited  for  the  first  time.  Another  important 
case  in  which  he  pronounced  the  decision  was 
that  of  Kil bourn  vs.  Thompson.  1880,  'where  the 
constitutional  authority  of  either  the  senate  or 
the  house  of  representatives  to  punish  non-mem 
bers  guilty  of  contempt  was  denied.  He  was  one 
of  the  five  associate  justices  appointed  on  the 
electoral  commission  in  1877,  and  his  motion  in 
the  first  case  presented  established  the  rule  that 
was  adopted  as  the  final  judgment  of  the  com 
mission,  to  the  effect  that  congress  had  no  right 
to  go  behind  the  returns  of  the  legal  officers  of  a 
state.  Justice  Miller  was  regarded  by  many  as 
the  leading  member  of  the  court.  He  was  the 
principal  orator  at  the  centennial  celebration  of 
the  adoption  of  the  Federal  constitution  in  Phila 
delphia,  Sept.  15.  1887.  He  received  the  degree 
of  LL.D.  from  the  State  University  of  Iowa,  1862, 
Iowa  college,  1876.  the  University  of  Michigan, 
1887,  and  the  National  university,  1890,  and  that 
of  D.C'.L.  from  Georgetown  univeVsity  in  1870. 
He  died  in  Washington,  D.C.,  Oct.  13,  1890. 


MILLER,  Stephen,  governor  of  Minnesota r 
was  born  in  Carroll,  Pa.,  Jan.  7,  1816  ;  grandson 
of  Melchoir  Miller,  who  came  from  Germany, 
about  1785,  and  settled  in  Pennsylvania.  He 
received  a  fair  education  and  engaged  in  business 
in  Harrisburg,  where  he  edited  the  Telegr«i>li.  a 
Whig  journal,  185:3-55.  He  removed  to  St.  Cloud. 
Minn.,  in  1858  ;  was  a  delegate  to  the  Republican 
national  convention,  and  a  presidential  elector  on 
the  Lincoln  and  Hamlin  ticket,  1860.  He  was 
commissioned  lieutenant-colonel,  1st  Minnesota 
volunteers,  April  29,  1861  ;  took  part  in  the  bat 
tles  of  Bull  Run  and  Ball's  Bluff,  the  Valley  cam 
paign  and  the  Peninsula,  campaign  of  1862.  and 
was  promoted  colonel.  7th  Minnesota  volunteers, 
Aug.  24,  1862,  and  on  Nov.  17,  1862,  succeeded 
General  Sibley  in  command  at  Mankato,  Minn. 
He  assisted  in  quelling  the 
Indian  outbreak,  and  had 
charge  of  the  execution  of 
thirty-eight  disloyal  Indians. 
Dec.  26,  1862.  He  command- 1 
ed  the  district  of  Minnesota 
during  General  Sibley 's  ab 
sence  in  June,  1863,  and  was 
promoted  brigadier-general  of  volunteers,  Oct. 
26,  1863.  He  commanded  Fort  Snelling,  Minn., 
1863-64,  and  resigned,  Jan.  18.  1864,  having  been 
elected  governor  of  Minnesota.  He  served  as 
governor,  1864-65,  and  was  field-agent  of  the  St. 
Paul  and  Sioux  City  railroad,  1871-81.  He  died 
at  Worthington,  Minn.,  Aug.  18,  1881. 

MILLER,  Stephen  Decatur,  senator,  was  born 
in  the  Waxhaw  settlement,  Lancaster  district, 
S.C.,  in  May,  1787  ;  son  of  William  and  Margaret 
(White)  Miller.  His  father  died  when  he  was  a 
child  and  he  was  afterward  in  charge  of  his 
mother's  relatives.  He  was  prepared  for  college 
under  the  Rev.  Mr.  Conser,  and  was  graduated  at 
South  Carolina  college  in  1808.  He  studied  law 
in  the  office  of  John  S.  Richardson  of  Sumter, 
S.C.,  and  succeeded  to  the  practice  of  Mr.  Rich 
ardson,  when  the  latter  was  elected  attornev- 
generalof  the  state  in  1810.  He  maintained  offices 
in  Sumterville  and  Statesburg  until  1816,  when 
he  was  appointed  a  representative  in  the  1-lth 
congress,  as  an  ant  i-Calhonn  Democrat,  to  fill  the 
vacancy  caused  by  the  resignation  of  William 
Mayrant  in  1816,  and  in  place  of  John  S.  Richard 
son,  who  refused  to  serve.  He  was  re-elected  to 
the  15th  congress,  serving  1816-19;  was  state 
senator.  1822-28,  and  governor.  1828-30.  Asa  del 
egate  to  the  state  conventions  of  1830  and  1*32, 
he  supported  nullification.  He  was  a  U.S.  senator, 
1831-33.  in  1833  resigned  on  account  of  ill  health 
and  in  1835  removed  to  Mississippi.  He  was  mar 
ried,  first,  in  1,815.  to  Miss  Dick  of  Sumter  district . 
secondly,  in  May,  1821,  to  Mary  Boykin  of  Ker- 
shaw.  He  died  in  Raymond,  Miss..  March  8,  18:j8. 


[48(1] 


MILLER 


MILLER 


MILLER,  Warner,  senator,  was  born  in  Han 
nibal,  Oswego  county,  N.Y.,  Aug.  12,  1838;  son 
of  Hira.ni  and  -  -  (Warner)  Miller;  grandson 
of  Col.  William  Miller,  an  officer  in  the  American 
Revolution,  who  married  lii.s  first  cousin,  Martha, 
daughter  of  Elijah  Miller  ;  great-grandson  of  An 
thony  Miller,  and  great2-grandson  of  John  Miller, 
who  settled  in  Westchester  county,  N.Y.,  about 
1680.  Warner  was  graduated  at  Union  college, 
1850  :  taught  Greek  and  Latin  in  Fort  Edward 
collegiate  institute,  1860-61  ;  enlisted  in  the  5th 
N.Y.  cavalry  as  private  in  1861  ;  served  in  the 
Shenandoah  Valley,  Va.,  and  was  promoted  for 
gallantry,  having  reached  the  rank  of  lieutenant 
\vhen  he  took  part  in  the  battle  of  Winchester  and 
was  taken  prisoner,  and  while  in  the  hospital, 
was  paroled.  He  returned  to  Fort  Edward,  N.  Y., 
and  found  employment  in  a  paper  mill,  soon  be 
coming  superintendent  of  the  mill.  He  then  or 
ganized  a  company  to  manufacture  paper  from 
wood  pulp  at  Herkimer,  N.Y..  invented  the  ma 
chines  and  made  the  first  wood  pulp  paper  pro 
duced  on  a  large  scale  in  the  United  States.  He 
was  a  delegate  to  the  Republican  national  conven 
tion  at  Philadelphia.  June  5,  1872  ;  a  member  of 
the  New  York  assembly,  1874  and  1875.  and  was  a 
representative  from  the  twenty-second  New  York 
district  in  the  46th  and  47th  congresses,  1879-88, 
and  on  July  19,  1881,  after  a  joint  session  of  the 
legislature  from  May  81,  he  was  elected  U.S. 
senator  to  fill  the  vacancy  caused  by  the  resigna 
tion  of  Thomas  C.  Platt,  and  lie  served  from  Dec. 
5,  1881,  to  March  4,  1887.  He  secured  the  crea 
tion  of  the  U.S.  Department  of  Agriculture,  and 
the  Labor- Bureau.  He  was  temporary  chairman 
of  the  Republican  state  convention  of  October, 
1881  ;  a  delegate  to  the  Republican  national  con- 
vention  of  1888  ;  the  unsuccessful  Republican  can 
didate  for  governor  of  New  York  in  1888,  and  in 
1889  became  a  promoter  of  the  Nicaragua  ship- 
canal,  and  president  of  the  company  formed  to 
carry  out  the  project,  which  met  with  a  succes 
sion  of  reverses,  but  in  1902  was  still  in  the  field 
awaiting  favorable  legislation  to  continue  the 
project.  He  was  married  in  July,  1864,  to  Car 
oline,  daughter  of  Henry  Churchill  of  Gloversville, 
N.Y.  He  received  the  honorary  degree  of  LL.D. 
from  Union  in  1886,  and  from  Syracuse  university 
in  185)1. 

MILLER,  Warren,  representative,  was  born  in 
Meigs  county,  Ohio,  April  2,  1847  :  son  of  Lewis 
M.  and  Elizabeth  Miller,  and  grandson  of  Stephen 
Kittson  Miller.  His  parents  removed  about  1850 
from  Ohio  to  Virginia,  where  he  was  brought  up 
on  a  farm,  lie  attended  the  Ohio  university, 
1864-67  :  taught  school  :  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  1871  :  practised  in  Jackson,  W.  Va.,  1871-99  ; 
was  assistant  prosecuting  attorney  of  Jackson 
county  one  year,  and  prosecuting  attorney,  1881- 


[487] 


89.  He  was  a  delegate-at-large  from  West  Vir 
ginia  to  the  Republican  national  convention  of 
1884,  and  supported  James  G.  Blaiue  for  Presi 
dent.  He  was  a  representative  in  the  state  legis 
lature,  1890-91  ;  was  an  unsuccessful  candidate 
for  judge  of  the  supreme  court  of  West  Virginia 
in  1892  ;  was  a  Republican  representative  from 
the  fourth  district  of  West  Virginia  in  the  54th 
and  55th  congresses,  1895-99,  and  became  judge 
of  the  sixth  judicial  circuit  of  West  Virginia  in 
1901. 

MILLER,  William,  founder  of  a  religious  sect, 
was  born  at  Pittsfield.  Mass.,  Feb.  15,  1782:  son 
of  Capt.  William  and  Paulina  (Phelps)  Miller; 
grandson  of  William  and  Hannah  (Leonard) 
Miller  and  of  the  Rev.  Elnathan  Phelps,  a  Bap 
tist  minister.  His 
grandfather  removed 
from  West  Spring 
field,  Mass.,  and  settl 
ed  OTI  a  farm  in  Pitts- 
field.  Mass.,  about 
1747,  and  his  father 
served  in  the  Revolu 
tion  and  removed  to 
Low  Hampton,  N.Y., 
in  1786,  where  Will 
iam  was  employed 
on  the  farm.  His 
education  was  acquir 
ed  chiefly  through 
reading  books  which 
he  procured  with 

money  earned  by  chopping  wood.  He  was  mar 
ried,  June  29,  1803,  to  Lucy  Smith  of  Poultney, 
Vt.,  and  engaged  in  farming  there.  He  served 
as  sheriff,  1809-10,  and  commanded  a  company  of 
volunteers  sent  in  1812  to  Burlington,  where  he 
was  transferred  to  the  U.S.  army.  He  fought  in 
the  battle  of  Plattsburg,  Sept.  11,  1814,  was  pro 
moted  captain,  and  resigned  from  the  army, 
June  25,  1815.  During  his  residence  in  Poultney 
he  became  interested  in  the  writings  of  Voltaire, 
Hume,  Paine,  Ethan  Allen  and  others,  and  pro 
fessed  to  be  a  deist,  but  was  converted  and  joined 
the  Baptist  church  at  Low  Hampton,  to  which 
place  he  removed  in  1816.  In  1818,  at  the  close  of 
two  years'  study  of  the  Bible,  he  announced  his 
conviction  that  in  twenty-five  years  (1843  by 
Jewish  time  or  1844,  Roman),  Jesus  Christ  would 
appear  in  person  to  judge  the  world,  and  in  1831 
he  entered  upon  his  self-imposed  mission  as  a 
preacher  on  the  topic  of  the  second  advent  of 
Christ.  He  had  been  licensed  to  preach  by  the 
Baptist  church  at  Low  Hampton,  but  Avas  never 
ordained.  He  spoke  in  Vermont  and  New  York 
in  the  pulpitsofa.il  denominations,  the  Episcopal 
and  Roman  Catholic  alone  excluding  him.  Peo 
ple  flocked  to  hear  him  and  many  were  converted 


-     /// »// 
^UUA4A^ 


MILLET 


to  his  views.  In  1839  he  delivered  his  first 
course  of  lectures  in  Massachusetts.  On  March 
14,  1844,  he  announced  the  second  coining  of 
Christ  to  be  at  hand.  In  October,  1844,  after 
seven  months'  waiting,  work  was  suspended  by 
the  Millerites  and  all  repaired  to  their  tabernacles, 
where  they  waited  until  the  end  of  November, 
when  they  dispersed  and  affiliated  with  various 
sects.  "  Father  "  Miller  continued  to  hold  to 
gether  about  50,000  disciples,  and  in  April,  1845,  a 
declaration  of  faith  was  agreed  upon  and  the 
name  "  Adventist"  adopted,  which  sect  under 
various  names  increased  steadily.  He  helped  to 
establish  in  1840,  The  Signs  of  the  Times  and 
Exposition  of  Prophecy,  published  in  Boston, 
which  afterward  became  the  Advent  Herald. 
He  published  many  sermons  and  lectures,  and  his 
Dream  of  the  Last  Day  was  widely  circulated. 
See  biographies  by  Sylvester  Bliss,  James  White 
and  Joshua  V.  Himes.  He  died  at  Low  Hamp 
ton,  N.Y.,  Dec.  20,  1849. 

HILLER,  William,  governor  of  North  Caro 
lina,  was  born  in  Warren  county,  N.C.  He  was 
a  student  at  the  University  of  North  Carolina, 
1802,  and  became  a  lawyer.  He  was  attorney- 
general  of  the  state,  1810 ;  representative  for 
Warren  county  in  the  house  of  commons,  1809-14  ; 
speaker  of  the  house,  1812-13  ;  governor  of  the 
state,  1814,  1815  and  1817  ;  and  state  senator,  1821- 
22.  In  1825  he  was  appointed  by  President  Jack 
son  charge  d'affaires  at  Guatemala,  Central 
America,  and  lie  died  at  Guatemala  la  Nuevo 
shortly  after  reaching  his  post,  in  1825. 

MILLER,  William  Henry  Harrison,  cabinet 
officer,  was  born  at  Augusta,  Oneida  county, 
N.Y.,  Sept.  G,  1840:  son  of  Curtis  and  Lucy 
(Duncan)  Miller  ;  grandson  of  Isaac  and  Irene 

(Miller)  Miller,  and 
of  Samuel  and  Betsy 
(Stanhope)  Duncan, 
and  a  descendant 
of  Benjamin  Miller, 
who  came  to  Connec 
ticut  from  Scotland 
in  1650.  He  spent 
his  boyhood  on  his 
father's  farm,  attend 
ed  Whitestown  sem 
inary  and  was  grad- 
tiated  at  Hamilton 
college  in  1861.  He 
taught  in  the  pub 
lic  schools  of  Mau- 
mee  City,  Ohio,  1861- 

62  ;  served  in  the  84th  Ohio  volunteers,  May- 
September,  1862.  and  studied  law  in  the  of 
fice  of  Morrison  R.  Waite  (q.  v.).  He  was  mar 
ried  Dec.  23,  1863,  to  Gertrude  A.  Bunceof  Vernon. 
N.Y.  He  was  superintendent  of  the  public 


schools  of  Peru,  Ind.,  1863-65  ;  was  admitted  to 
the  Indiana  bar  in  1865  ;  practised  at  Peru .  1  SG5-6G, 
and  at  Fort  Wayne,  1806-74,  and  entered  the  law 
firm  of  Porter,  Harrison  &  Hines  at  Indianapolis, 
of  which  Gen.  Benjamin  Harrison  was  a  partner, 
the  firm  becoming  Harrison,  Hines  &  Miller,  and 
subsequently  Harrison,  Miller  &  Elam.  Mr. 
Miller  served  as  the  confidential  adviser  of  Gen. 
Benjamin  Harrison  long  before  and  during  the 
presidential  campaign  of  1888,  and  was  appointed 
attorney-general  in  his  cabinet,  March  5,  1889. 
He  served  until  the  close  of  Harrison's  adminis 
tration  in  1893  and  then  resumed  the  successful 
practice  of  law  in  Indianapolis,  Ind.,  his  son,  Sam 
uel  D.  Miller  becoming  a  partner  with  him  in  the- 
law  firm  of  Miller,  Elam  &  Foster.  He  received 
the  degree  of  LL.D.  from  Hamilton  college.  Clin 
ton,  N.Y..in  1SS9. 

MILLER,  William  Read,  governor  of  Arkan 
sas,  was  born  at  Batesville,  Ark.,  Nov.  27,  is 2 3  ; 
son  of  John  and  Clara  (Moore)  Miller,  and  grand 
son  of  Simon  and  -  —  (Rucker)  Miller.  He 
worked  on  his  father's  farm  and  attended  school 
until  1843.  He  was  married  Jan.  23,  1S49, 
to  Susan  E.,  daughter  of  Judge  William  C.  Beyens 
of  Arkansas.  He  was  clerk  of  Independence 
county.  1818-54;  state  auditor,  1854-55,  1S5G-6S, 
1874-76,  and  1887;  and  was  appointed  accountant 
of  the  Real  Estate  bank  of  Arkansas  by  Governor 
Con  way  in  1855.  He  studied  law,  1848-68,  as  his 
official  duties  permitted  ;  was  disfranchised  and 
declared  ineligible  to  hold  office  under  the  con 
stitution  of  1868. and  the  same  year  was  admitted 
to  the  bar.  He  practised  law  at  Batesville,  1S6S- 
74  ;  was  Democratic  governor  of  Arkansas,  1S77- 
81,  succeeding  Gov.  A.  H.  Garland,  and  his  ad 
ministration  was  rendered  conspicuous  by  his 
uncompromising  opposition  to  the  repudiation  of 
any  part  of  the  public  debt.  He  retired  to  private 
life  in  1881,  but  in  September,  1886,  was  elected 
state  auditor  for  the  eighth  time,  serving  from 
January  to  November,  1887.  He  died  at  Little? 
Rock.  Ark.,  Nov.  29.  1887. 

MILLET,  Francis  Davis,  artist,  was  born  at 
Mattapoisett,  Mass.,  Nov.  3,  1846  ;  son  of  Dr.  Asa 
and  Huldah  (Allen)  Millet  :  grandson  of  Zebulon 
Millet,  and  a  descendant  of  Thomas  Millet  (Bos 
ton,  1630).  and  Nicholas  By  rain  (Plymouth.  1620). 
He  attended  the  public  schools  of  Bridgewater, 
Mass.,  and  served  as  a  drummer  in  the  60th 
Massachusetts  regiment  and  as  acting  assistant 
contract  surgeon  with  the  Army  of  the  Potomac, 
1864-65.  He  was  graduated  at  Harvard,  A.B., 
1869,  A.M.,  1872,  and  devoted  himself  to  the  study 
of  art.  He  was  a  pupil  at  the  Royal  Academy  of 
Fine  Arts,  Antwerp,  under  Van  Lerius  and  De 
Keyser.  1871-72,  and  .won  the  silver  medal  of 
honor  at  the  close  of  the  first  year  and  the  gold 
medal  the  second  year.  He  was  secretary  of  the 


MILLET 


MILLIGAN 


Massachusetts  commission  to  the  World's  Fair  at 
Vienna  in  1873,  and  was  one  of  the  jurors  at  the 
exhibition.  Ho  traveled  in  Hungary,  Russia, 
Roumania  and  Turkey,  painted  in  Italy,  in  1874- 
75,  and  returned  to  America  in  the  latter  year. 

Early  in  1877  he  set 
tled  in  Paris,  and  at 
the  outbreak  of  the 
Russo-Turkish  war 
in  1877  engaged  as 
the  correspondent  of 
the  New  York  Her 
ald  at  the  seat  of  war 
in  Roumania.  He 
afterward  became 
war  correspondent  of 
the  London  Daily 
Ncics  and  sent  il 
lustrations  to  the 
London  Graphic. 
For  his  services  dur 
ing  this  war  he  re 
ceived  the  Roumanian  iron  cross  in  1877,  the 
military  orders  of  Chevalier  of  St.  Anne  and  of 
St.  Stanislas  from  the  Russian  government  in 
1877,  and  the  war  medals  of  Roumania  and  Rus 
sia.  He  was  a  juror  of  fine  arts  at  the  World's 
Fair,  Paris,  in  1878  ;  received  a  medal  at  the  ex 
position  in  New  Orleans,  1885  ;  one  from  the 
American  Art  association  in  1887,  and  another 
at  Paris  in  1889.  He  was  elected  a  National 
Academician  in  1885.  He  was  director  of  the 
decorations  at  the  World's  Columbian  exposition, 
1892-93,  and  after  its  opening  directed  all  cere 
monies,  festivities  and  entertainments.  He  was 
a  special  correspondent  of  the  London  Times  and 
Harper's  Weekly  at  Manila,  July  to  October,  1898. 
He  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Sons  of  the  Rev 
olution  ;  the  Society  of  American  Artists  ;  the 
American  Water  Color  society  ;  the  Institute  of 
Painters  of  London,  and  an  honorary  member  of 
the  Architectural  League  of  New  York  ;  and  re 
ceived  the  decoration  of  the  Chevalier  of  the 
Legion  of  Honor  from  the  French  government 
in  1901.  He  was  married  March  11,  1879,  to  Eliza 
beth  Greely,  daughter  of  Horatio  Merrill  of  Port 
land,  Maine.  He  published  a  translation  of  Tol 
stoi's  "  Sebastopol"  (1889) ,  and  is  the  author  of  "A 
Capillary  Crime  and  Other  Stories  "(1872);  "  The 
Danube  "  (1892) ;  "  The  Expedition  to  the  Philip 
pines  "  (1899) .  His  art  work  includes  the  decora 
tion  of  Trinity  church,  Boston,  Mass.  ;  the  New 
York  state  building,  the  Manufacturers'  building. 
Music  Hall  and  the  Art  building  at  the  World's  Co 
lumbian  exposition  in  1893,  and  a  lunette  in  a 
bank  at  Pittsburgh .  Pa.  He  designed  the  costumes 
for  the  representation  of  the  "  QEdipus  Tyrannus  " 
of  Sophocles,  given  by  Harvard  students  at  Cam 
bridge  in  1880.  Among  his  paintings  are  por- 


[489] 


traits  of  Charles  Francis  Adams,  Jr.,  and  Samuel 
L.  Clemens,  exhibited  at  the  National  Academy 
of  Design  (1877);  Bashi  Bazouk  (1878) ;  TJte  Win 
dow  Seat  (1884);  A  Difficult  Duet  (188G);  At  Hie 
I)in,  Union  League  club  ;  A  Cozy  Corner,  Metro 
politan  Museum  of  Fine  Arts  ;  Between  Tico  Fires, 
National  Gallery  of  British  Art,  London  (1891); 
Unconverted  and  The  Expansionist,  Paris  (1900); 
and  Accusation  of  Witchcraft,  Royal  Academy 
(1901). 

MILLIGAN,  John  Jones,  representative,  was 
born  on  Bohemia  Manor,  in  Cecil  county,  Md.) 
Dec.  10,  1795;  son  of  Robert  and  -  —  (Jones) 
Milligan,  grandson  of  George  Milligan  of  Ayre- 
shire,  Scotland,  and  a  descendant,  maternally,  of 
Mary  Dyer,  the  Quaker  martyr.  He  matriculated 
at  the  College  of  New  Jersey  in  the  class  of  1814, 
but  was  dismissed  just  before  graduation  for  a 
college  prank.  He  studied  law,  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1818,  and  practised  in  New  Castle 
county,  Del.,  until  1828,  when  he  retired  to  his 
country  estate  near  Wilmington.  He  was  the 
Whig  representative  from  Delaware  in  the  23d, 
24th  and  25th  congresses,  1833-39,  and  was  judge 
of  the  superior  court  of  Delaware  from  Sept.  19, 
1839,  until  Sept.  1G,  1864,  when  he  resigned.  He 
received  the  honorary  degree  of  A.M.  from  the 
College  of  New  Jersey  in  1834.  He  died  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa.,  April  20,  1875. 

MILLIGAN,  Robert,  educator,  was  born  in 
County  Tyrone,  Ireland,  July  25,  1814  ;  son  of 
John  and  Margaret  Milligan.  His  parents  immi 
grated  to  the  United  States  in  1818  and  settled  in 
Trumbull  county,  Ohio,  where  he  assisted  his 
father  on  the  farm  until  1831,  when  an  internal 
injury  compelled  him  to  abandon  physical  labor. 
He  attended  Dr.  Gamble's  classical  academy  in 
Pennsylvania,  1831-35,  and  became  a  member  of 
the  Reformed  Presbyterian  church.  He  opened 
and  conducted  a  classical  school  at  Flat  Rock, 
Ky.,  1837-39,  and  while  there  became  a  Campbell- 
ite.  He  left  Kentucky  to  enter  Yale  college,  but 
on  reaching  Western  Pennsylvania  he  was  per 
suaded  by  some  disciples  to  enter  Washington  col 
lege,  where  he  was  graduated  in  1840,  and  in  1842" 
he  was  formally  ordained  by  the  venerable 
Thomas  Campbell.  He  was  professor  of  English 
literature  in  Washington  college,  1840-50,  and 
professor  of  chemistry  and  natural  philosophy 
there,  1850-52.'  He  was  married  in  January,  1842, 
to  Ellen  Blaine,  daughter  of  James  Russell.  He 
was  professor  of  natural  philosophy  and  chem 
istry  in  Indiana  university,  1852-54;  and  pro 
fessor  of  mathematics  and  astronomy  in  Bethany 
college,  Va.,  1854-59,  where  he  co-operated  with 
Alexander  Campbell  in  building  up  the  institu 
tion,  and  served  as  associate  editor  of  the  Mill 
ennial  Harbinger.  He  was  president  of  Ken 
tucky  university,  formerly  Bacon  college  Har- 


MILLIKEN 


MILLS 


rodsburg,  V:i.,  1859-65,  and  on  its  removal  to 
Lexington.  Ky.,  he  relinquished  tlie  office  and  was 
made  president  of  and  professor  of  sacred  litera 
ture  in  the  College  of  the  Bible.  He  is  the  author 
of:  A  Brief  Treatise  on  Prayer  (1863);  Reason 
and  Revelation  (1867);  Scheme  of  Redemption 
(1853);  The  Grettt  Commission  (1871);  Analysis 
of  the  Neiv  Testament  (1874);  Commentary  OH 
the  Epistles  to  the  Hebrews  (1875).  He  died 
in  Lexington.  Ky.,  March  20.  1875. 

MILLIKEN,  Seth  Llewellyn,  representative, 
was  b;>ni  in  Montville,  Waldo  county,  Me.,  Dec. 
13,  1831  ;  son  of  William  Milliken  and  grandson 
of  John  Milliken.  a  soldier  in  the  Revolution.  He 
attended  Waterville  college,  and  was  graduated 
at  Union  college,  A.B.,  1856,  A.M.,  1859.  He 
paid  his  own  tuition  through  college,  and  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar,  but  never  engaged  in  active 
practice.  He  represented  Camden  in  the  Maine 
legislature  in  1858,  and  served  as  clerk  of  the 
court  for  Waldo  county,  1859-71.  He  was  married 
in  1859  to  Lizzie  S.,  daughter  of  Ambrose  and 
Justina  Arnold  of  Augusta,  Maine.  He  removed 
to  Bedford,  Maine ;  was  clerk  of  the  Maine 
supreme  judicial  court  for  three  terms  ;  a  dele 
gate  to  the  Republican  national  conventions  of 
1876  and  1884  ;  a  Republican  presidential  elector 
in  1877  ;  an  unsuccessful  candidate  for  represen 
tative  from  the  fifth  Maine  district  to  the  47th  con 
gress  in  1880  ;  and  was  a  representative  from  the 
third  district  of  Maine  in  the  48th-54th  con 
gresses,  1883-97.  He  was  chairman  of  the  com 
mittee  on  public  buildings  and  grounds,  and 
secured  from  the  51st  congress  an  appropriation 
of  $9,000.000  for  public  buildings.  He  died  in 
Washington,  B.C.,  April  18,  1897. 

MILLS,  Albert  Leopold,  soldier,  was  born  in 
New  York  city,  May  7,  1854;  son  of  Abiel  Buck- 
man  and  Anne  (Warford)  Mills,  and  grandson  of 
John  and  Hannah  (Buckman)  Mills  and  of  Moses 
and  Catharine  (Jewell)  Warford.  His  paternal 
ancestors  were  New  England  colonists  and  his 
maternal  ancestors  settled  on  Long  Island.  He 
was  graduated  from  the  U.S.  Military  academy, 
June  12,  1879  ;  was  commissioned  2d  lieutenant, 
1st  cavalry,  June  13,  1879  ;  served  in  the  depart 
ment  of  tactics  at  West  Point,  and  with  his  regi 
ment  on  the  Indian  frontier,  1879-87,  and  par 
ticipated  in  the  Crow  Indian  campaign  of  1887. 
He  was  married  Nov.  15,  1883,  at  Brooklyn,  N.Y., 
to  Alada  Thurston,  daughter  of  the  Rt.  Rev. 
John  Adams  Paddock,  D.D.  He  was  promoted 
1st  lieutenant,  Jan.  23,  1889,  and  served  in  the 
Sioux  campaign  of  1890;  and  was  appointed 
adjutant,  Oct.  1,  1890,  serving  till  Oct.  1,  1894. 
His  regimental  services  were  broken  by  a  tour 
of  duty  as  professor  of  military  science  and  tac 
tics  at  the  South  Carolina  Military  academy  at 
Charleston  and  as  instructor  in  the  departments 


*      ^ 

^f   ,    /   , 


of  strategy  and  cavalry  at  the  U.S.  infantry  and 

cavalry  officers'  school  at  Fort  Leaven  worth,  Kan. 

Upon  the  outbreak  of  the  Spanish-  American  war 

he  was  appointed  captain  and  assistant  adjutant- 

general  of  U.S.  volunteers,  May  12,  1898,  and  as 

adjutant-general     he 

was  assigned    to  the 

second  brigade,    cav 

alry   division,   of   the 

5th  army  corps,  June 

10.    1898  ;    served    in 

the     Santiago     cam 

paign,     and     partici 

pated  in  the  battles  of 

Las      Guasimas    and 

Santiago     de     Cuba, 

where   he  was  severe 

ly  wounded.     He  was 

appointed       superin- 

tendent    of   the  U.S. 

Military        academy, 

with      the     rark     of 

colonel,  Aug.  22,  1898,  promoted  captain  of  the  6th 

U.  S.  cavalry,  Oct.  24,  1898  ;  and  was  transferred 

to   the   1st   U.S.   cavalry,  Aug.  9,  1899.     He   was 

nominated  by  the  President   for  brevet  appoint 

ments   of   major  and  lieutenant-colonel  for  gal 

lantry  in  the  battles  of  Las  Guasimas  and  Santi 

ago  de  Cuba. 

MILLS,  Clark,  sculptor,  was  born  in  Onon- 
daga  county,  N.Y.,  Dec.  1,  1815.  He  was  early 
left  an  orphan,  and  in  1828  he  ran  away  from  his 
uncle's  home,  went  to  New  Orleans  and  was  em 
ployed  by  a  millwright.  From  there  he  went  to 
Charleston,  S.C.,  and  engaged  with  a  plasterer, 
and  while  experimenting  he  discovered  a  method 
by  which  lie  could  take  a  cast  from  the  living 
face  and  reproduce  it  in  a  plaster  bust  at  small 
expense  of  time  and  labor.  He  devoted  himself 
to  this  as  a  means  of  support,  and  in  1845  repro 
duced  the  plaster  bust  of  Culhoun  in  marble  by 
sculpture,  which  was  purchased  and  placed  in 
the  city  hall  at  Charleston  in  1846,  and  he  was 
awarded  a  gold  medal  by  the  city  council.  He 
educated  himself  as  a  sculptor,  by  making  por 
trait  busts  of  the  prominent  men  of  South  Caro 
lina.  He  was  about  to  sail  for  Europe  to  study  in 
Italy  in  1848,  when  lie  was  invited  to  make  a  de 
sign  for  an  equestrian  statue  of  Andrew  Jackson 
for  the  government.  He  completed  a  model  in 
eight  months  and  was  obliged  to  learn  the  busi 
ness  of  casting,  there  being  no  foundry  or  work 
men  in  the  United  States  capable  of  producing 
it  in  metal.  The  statue,  cast  from  British  guns 
taken  in  the  war  of  1812,  was  accepted  and  un 
veiled  in  Lafayette  square,  Washington,  D.C.  , 
Jan.  8,  1853.  the  anniversary  of  the  battle  of  New 
Orleans.  This  first  effort  to  cast  a  large  statue 
in  metal  in  America  was  attended  with  much 


[490] 


MILLS 


MILLS 


labor  and  many  delays  and  was  completed  at  a 
personal  loss  to  Mr.  Mills  of  s7. 000,  which  congress 
afterward  repaid  out  of  an  appropriation  of 
$20,000  voted  for  a  copy  to  be  erected  in  New 
Orleans,  La.  His  second 
commission,  a  colossal 
emiestrian  statue  of  Wash 
ington  at  the  battle  of 
Princeton,  for  which  con 
gress  appropriated  $50,- 
000,  was  unveiled  at 
Washington,  Feb.  22,  I8 
60.  He  also  cast  a  colos 
sal  statue  of  "Liberty"' 
from  Crawford's  design, 
to  surmount  the  dome  of 
the  capitol  at  Washing 
ton,  and  it  was  placed  in 
position  in  1863.  He  took 
a  life  mask  of  Lincoln  a 
short  time  before  the  assassination.  He  died  in 
Washington,  B.C.,  Jan.  12,  188:3. 

MILLS,  Cyrus  Taggart,  educator,  was  born  in 
Paris,  N.Y.,  May  14,  181!)  ;  son  of  William  and 
Mary  Mills,  and  grandson  of  Henry  Mills.  He 
was  graduated  from  Williams  college  in  1844; 
attended  the  Union  Theological  seminar}',  1844- 
47.  and  was  ordained  a  Presbyterian  minister; 
Feb.  2,  1848.  He  was  married,  Sept.  11,  1848.  to 
Susan  Tolman  of  Ware,  Mass.  He  went  as  a 
missionary  of  the  A.B.C.F.M.  to  Ceylon  in  1849, 
having  studied  the  Tamul  language  in  college, 
and  met  with  remarkable  success,  but  his  health 
failed,  and  he  returned  to  America  in  1855.  He 
supplied  a  pulpit  at  Berkshire,  N.Y.,  1856-58,  and 
in  1860  he  went  under  the  auspices  of  the  A. B.C. 
F.M.  to  the  Hawaiian  islands  as  president  of 
Oalui  college,  near  Honolulu,  a  college  for  the 
education  of  the  children  of  missionaries  and 
foreign  residents,  and  during  his  administration 
he  greatly  improved  its  financial  and  educational 
standing.  In  1864  he  returned  to  California,  and 
in  1865  purchased  a  school  known  as  Mary  At 
kins  Seminary,  and  conducted  it  as  the  Benicia 
Seminary  for  Young  Ladies,  1865-71,  when  lie  re 
moved  to  Seminary  Park,  Alameda  count}',  and 
erected  new  buildings,  the  institution  becoming 
known  as  Mills  Seminary.  He  eventually  deeded 
the  entire  property  to  a  self-perpetuating  board 
of  trustees  to  be  held  by  them  as  a  permanent 
institution  for  the  higher  education  of  women. 
In  1885  it  was  chartered  as  a  college  and  became 
known  as  Mills  College  and  Seminary.  The  hon 
orary  degree  of  D.D.  was  conferred  on  President 
Mills  by  Williams  college  in  1870.  He  died  at 
Mills  college,  Cal.,  April  20,  1884. 

MILLS,  Darius  Ogden,  philanthropist,  was 
born  in  North  Salem,  N.Y.,  Sept.  25,  1825;  son  of 
James  and  Hannah  (Ogden)  Mills  and  a  descend- 


ant  of  a  North  of  England   family  of  that  name 
which   settled   on   Long   Island  about  1750,  and 
afterward  removed  to  Connecticut.     He  attended 
North  Salem  academy  and  Mt.  Pleasant  academy, 
Sing  Sing,  until  1841,  when  owing  to  the  death  of 
his     father     he     was 
obliged   to   help  sup 
port   the  family.     He 
was   a  clerk    in   New 
York     city,     1842-47, 
and     cashier   of     the 
Merchants'    Bank    of 
Erie  County,  at  Buf- 
salo,      N.Y.,    1847-48, 
and  business   partner 
with    his     cousin,    E. 
J.      Townsend,      who 
in     December,     1848, 
agreed  to   extend  the 
partnership    to     any 
business  he   could  do 
in   California,  where, 
during  1849,  lie  succeeded  so  well  that  he  returned 
to  Buffalo,  closed  out  his  business  and  settled  in 
Sacramento  as  a  merchant  and  banker  in  1850. 
The  growth  of  his  banking  business  soon  crowded 
out  merchandise,  and  with  his  brothers  James 
and  Edgar  he 'established  a  branch  at  Columbia, 
Cal.     The  bank   of  D.  O.   Mills  &  Co.,  was  still 
under  his  ownership  and  control  in  1902,  as  the 
National    Bank   of   D.  O.  Mills   &'  Company,  the 
oldest  bank  of  continuously  unbroken  credit  in 
the  state  of  California.     In  1864  he  organized  and 
became  president  of  the  Bank  of  California,  in  San 
Francisco,  with  W.  C.  Ralston  as  cashier.    In  1873 
he  resigned  and  went   abroad,  leaving   the  bank 
with  a  capital  of   85,000,000  and  a   large  surplus, 
which,  by  1875,  tvas  lost  and  the  bank  in  debt  near 
ly  $20,000,000,  and  Mr.  Mills  was  asked  to  settle  the 
affairs.     He  personally  subscribed  over  $1 .000,000  ; 
raised  nearly  .$7.000.000  more,  and  in  a  short  time 
reopened   the  bank.     He  retained  the  presidency 
until   1878,   when    he  resigned,   the    bank    being 
again  on  a  firm  basis.     He  was  a  large  owner  in 
the  mines  of  the  Comstock  lode,  held  a  control- 
ing  interest  in  the  Virginia  and  Truckee  railroad 
leading   to   the   mines  in  the  vast   forests  above 
Lake   Tahoe,  which   supplied    timber   for  use  in 
mining;  held  a  controlling  interest  in  the  great 
quicksilver    mines    of    the    Pacific    coast  ;    and 
owned   a   large   ranch    near   San    Francisco,    on 
which  lie  built  "  Millbrae,"  his  country  residence. 
In  1880  he  removed  to  New  York  city.     He  was 
a  regent  and  treasurer  of  the  University  of  Cali 
fornia,    1868-80,  and   gave   $75,000   to  found  the 
Mills  professorship  of  moral  and  intellectual  phi 
losophy.     He  also  presented  to  the  state  Larkin 
G.  Mead's    large  marble  group,   "  Columbus  be 
fore  Queen  Isabella,"  placed  in  the  rotunda  of  the 


[401 J 


MILLS 


MILLS 


state  house,  Sacramento.  He  built  the  Mills 
building  in  Broad  street,  New  York  ;  a  system 
of  hotels  for  respectable  men  of  limited  income, 
where  meals  and  lodging  are  furnished  at  nom 
inal  prices  to  several  thousand  men  daily  ;  several 
model  apartment  houses  for  the  use  of  refined 
families  of  small  means,  and  a  training  school  for 
male  nurses,  costing  $100.000,  which  he  presented 
to  the  city.  He  became  a  director  in  many  New 
York  corporations,  and  prominent  in  the  philan 
thropic  work  of  the  metropolis.  He  was  one  of  the 
first  trustees  of  the  Lick  estate  and  of  Lick  obser 
vatory  in  California  ;  was  elected  a  trustee  of  the 
Metropolian  Museum  of  Art,  of  the  Museum  of 
Natural  History,  and  of  the  American  Geograph 
ical  society  ;  president  of  the  New  York  Botanical 
Gardens  ;  chairman  of  the  executive  committee 
of  the  Fordham  Home  for  Incurables,  trustee  of 
the  Tribune  Fresh  Air  Fund  and  a  member  of  the 
leading  social  and  political  clubs  of  New  York. 
He  was  married,  Sept.  5,  1854,  to  Jane  Temple- 
ton,  daughter  of  James  Cunningham  of  New 
York.  She  died  in  April,  1888.  Their  son  Ogden. 
engaged  in  banking,  and  their  daughter  Elizabeth 
became  the  wife  of  Whitelaw  Reid. 

MILLS,  Elijah  Hunt,  senator,  was  born  in 
Chesterfield,  Mass.,  Dec.  1,  1776  ;  son  of  the  Rev. 
Benjamin  and  Mary  (Hunt)  Mills,  and  grandson 
of  Capt.  Jonathan  and  Thankful  (Strong)  Hunt. 
His  father,  the  first  minister  of  Chesterfield,  hav 
ing  settled  there  in  17(54,  was  several  times  a  rep 
resentative  in  the  Provisional  legislature  and  in 
the  general  court,  and  was  dismissed  from  the 
church  at  his  own  request  on  account  of  feeble 
health  in  1774.  Elijah  was  adopted  by  his  uncle, 
Elijah  Hunt,  at  the  death  of  his  father  in  1785  ; 
was  graduated  at  Williams  college  in  1797  ;  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  and  established  a  large  prac 
tice  at  Northampton,  Mass.  He  was  married  to 
Harriette,  daughter  of  Joseph  Blake  of  Boston, 
Mass.  He  established  a  successful  law  school  in 
Northampton,  with  Samuel  Howe  and  John 
Hooker  Ashmun.  He  was  a  state  senator  in 
1811,  district-attorney  for  the  county  of  Hamp 
shire  for  several  years,  and  was  a  Federal  repre 
sentative  in  the  14th  and  15th  congresses,  1815-19. 
He  was  appointed  U.S.  senator,  Dec.  1,  1820,  as 
successor  to  Prentiss  Mellen,  resigned,  and  was 
elected  for  a  full  term  in  1821,  serving,  1820-27. 
He  received  the  degree  LL.D.  from  Williams  in 
1824.  He  died  in  Northampton,  Mass.,  May  5,  1829. 

MILLS,  Herbert  Elmer,  educator,  was  born  in 
Salem,  N.H.,  Aug.  8.  1861  ;  son  of  Edward  and 
Esther  (Butterworth)  Mills,  and  grandson  of  Ben 
jamin  and  Sarah  (Wrigley)  Butterworth.  He 
attended  the  public  schools  of  Woburn.  Mass.. 
and  was  graduated  from  the  University  of 
Rochester,  A.B..  1883,  A.M.,  1887.  He  was  a 
teacher  in  the  Marion  Collegiate  institute,  New 


York,  1883-84,  and  the  public  schools  of  Palmyra^ 
N.Y.,  1884-86;  a  fellow  at  Cornell  university, 
1886-88,  and  instructor  in  ancient  history,  1889- 
90.  and  became  professor  of  economics  at  Vassal- 
college  in  1890.  He  was  married,  July  30,  1890, 
to  Mary  Louise  Salisbury.  He  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  American  Economic  association 
in  1887,  and  was  president  of  the  board  of  mana 
gers  of  the  House  of  Refuge  for  Women  at  Hud 
son,  N.Y.  The  degree  of  Ph.D.  was  conferred  on 
him  by  Cornell  in  1890.  He  is  the  author  of  : 
Early  Years  of  the  French  Revolution  in  San  Do 
mingo  (1891). 

MILLS,  Job  Smith,  bishop  of  the  United 
Brethren  in  Christ,  was  born  near  Plymouth, 
Ohio,  Feb.  28, 1848  ;  son  of  Lewis  and  Ann  (Smith)' 
Mills,  and  grandson  of  Gideon  Mills.  He  attended 
Bartlett  academy,  Plymouth,  and  was  prepared 
for  the  ministry  under  private  tutors.  He  was 
pastor  of  Otterbein  university,  1874-80  and  1885- 
87,  and  was  at  Western  college,  Toledo,  Ohio,  as 
professor  of  English  literature  and  rhetoric,  1887- 
90,  professor  of  philosophy  and  president,  1890- 
92,  and  professor  of  philosophy,  1892-93.  He  was 
graduated  from  Illinois  Wesleyan  university, 
Ph.B.  1892.  Ph.D.  1894.  He  was  elected  bishop  of 
the  United  Brethren  in  Christ  in  1893.  He  was 
twice  married,  first  in  1870,  to  Sarah  Ann  Metzger 
of  Chesterfield,  Ohio,  and  secondly,  in  1876,  to 
Mary  Keister  of  Scottdale,  Pa.  In  1896  he  trav 
elled  in  Western  Africa,  and  in  1897  visited  the 
universities  of  Berlin,  Leipzig,  Halle,  Jena.  Oxford 
and  Cambridge.  The  honorary  degree  of  A.M.  was 
conferred  on  him  by  Otterbein  university  in  1884  ; 
that  of  D.D.  by  Westfield  college  and  Lebanon 
Valley  college  in  1890,  and  that  of  LL.D.  by  L;me 
university  in  1897.  He  was  made  a  correspond 
ing  member  of  the  Iowa  Academy  of  Science  and 
a  member  of  the  American  Academy  of  Political 
and  Social  Science.  He  is  the  author  of  :  Mission 
Work  in  West  Africa  (1898):  Manual  of  Family 
Worship  (1900);  Essence  of  Christianity  (1894); 
Outline  of  Sociology  (1895);  Some  Difficulties  in 
Cosmic  Evolution  (1896). 

MILLS,  Joseph  John,  educator,  was  born  near 
Indianapolis,  Ind.,  July  21,  1847;  son  of  Abner 
and  Hannah  (Furnas)  Mills,  and  grandson  of 
Enoch  and  Mary  (Scott)  Mills,  and  of  Robert  and 
Hannah  (Wilson)  Furnas  of  North  Carolina,  who 
were  among  the  pioneer  settlers  of  Warren 
county,  Ohio.  He  entered  the  University  of 
Michigan,  1865,  but  left  before  graduation  to  en 
gage  in  teaching.  He  was  principal  of  the  public 
high  school  at  Wabash,  Ind.,  1869-71  ;  superin 
tendent  of  the  Wabash  public  schools,  1871-73, 
and  assistant  superintendent  of  the  public  schools 
of  Indianapolis,  Ind.,  1873-74.  He  was  elected 
president  of  Earlharn  college,  Richmond,  Ind.,  in 
1884,  and  was  appointed  a  member  of  the  Indiana 


MILLS 


MILLS 


state  board  of  education  in  1899.  The  honorary 
degree  of  A.M.  was  conferred  on  him  by  Earlham 
college  in  1878  and  that  of  LL.D.  by  Harvard 
college,  in  1890.  He  was  married  Aug.  27,  1878, 
to  Emily,  daughter  of  Michael  Wanzer,  a  native 
of  Connecticut.  Their  daughter,  Gertrude  Cart- 
land,  was  graduated  at  Earlham  college.  1898  : 
was  a  graduate  student  there,  1888-89,  and  at 
Radrliffe.  1900. 

MILLS,  Robert,  architect,  was  born  in  Charles 
ton,  S.C.,  Aug.  12,  1781.  He  studied  architecture 
under  Benjamin  H.  Latrobe  (q.v.),  in  Philadel 
phia  ;  designed  a.nd  supervised  the  erection  of  the 
tire-proof  wings  of  Independence  Hall,  Philadel 
phia  ;  the  capitol  building  at  Harrisburg.  and 
designed  and  built  the  single  arch  bridge  of  740 
feet  across  the  Schuylkill  river.  He  was  the 
architect  and  builder  of  the  custom  houses  in 
New  London  and Middletown,  Conn.,  and  in  New 
Bedford  and  Newburyport,  Mass.  :  the  marine 
hospitals  at  Charleston,  S.C.,  and  New  Orleans, 
La.,  and  the  state  penitentiary  of  Louisiana.  He 
resided  in  South  Carolina,  1820-37,  and  served 
part  of  the  time  as  state  architect  and  engineer. 
He  was  appointed  U.S.  architect  by  President 
Jackson  in  1837.  and  designed  and  directed  the 
erection  of  the  Treasury  building,  the  General 
Post  Office  building  and  the  Patent  Office  building. 
He  designed  the  Washington  monument,  Balti 
more,  Md.,  and  the  National  Washington  monu 
ment  at  Washington.  The  construction  of  this 
monument  was  commenced  in  1848,  discontinued 
1856-77,  and  completed 
and  unveiled  Feb.  22. 
1885.  Mr.  Mills  intend 
ed  the  monument  to  be 
600  feet  high,  square  at 
the  top  and  surrounded 
at  the  base  by  a  circular 
colonnade  or  pantheon. 
The  pantheon  was  omit 
ted  and  the  plain  obelisk 
lacks  44  feet  and  6| 
inches  of  the  architect's 
intended  height.  He  is 
the  author  of  :  Statistics 
of  South  Carolina,  with 

a  folio  atlas  (1826);  American  Pharos,  or  Light 
house  Guide  (1832);  and.  Guide  to  the  National 
Executive  Offices  (1842).  He  died  in  Wash 
ington,  B.C.,  March  3.  1855. 

MILLS,  Roger  Quarles,  senator,  was  born  in 
Todd  county.  Ky..  March  30,  1832 ;  son  of  Charles 
Henley  and  Tabitha  Buckner  (Daniels)  Mills, 
grandson  of  Nathaniel  Mills  of  Orange  county, 
Va.,  and  a  descendant  of  Charles  Mills  of  Han 
over  county,  Va.  He  removed  to  Texas  in  1849, 
studied  law  with  Reuben  A.  Reeves,  Palestine  ; 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1852,  before  reaching 


his  majority,  and  practised  in  Corsicana.  He 
was  married,  Jan.  7,  1858,  to  Caroline  R.,  daughter 
of  Henry  Jones  of  Navarro  county.  He  was  a 
representative  in  the  Texas  legislature,  1859-60  ; 
served  as  a  private  at  Wilson's  Creek,  Aug.  10, 
1861,  and  was  lieu 
tenant-colonel  and 
colonel  of  the  10th 
Texas  infantry.  C.S. 
A.,  which  he  com 
manded  at  the  battle 
of  Arkansas  post.  He 
commanded  the  Tex 
as  brigade  at  Chicka- 
mauga,  after  the  dis 
ability  of  General 
Deshler  ;  commanded 
his  regiment  at  Mis 
sionary  Ridge,  where 
he  was  wounded  ;  at 
New  Hope  church, 
May  27.  1864,  and  at 

Atlanta,  July  22,  1864.  where  he  was  twice 
wounded.  He  was  a  Democratic  representa 
tive  from  the  ninth  district  of  Texas  in  the  43d- 
52d  congresses,  1873-92,  and  during  Cleveland's 
first  administration,  1885-89,  he  was  chairman  of 
the  committee  on  ways  and  means  and  introduced 
into  the  house  the  "  Mills  bill  "  which  was 
passed.  He  was  a  candidate  for  speaker  of  the 
house  in  1891,  but  was  defeated  by  Charles  Fred 
erick  Crisp  of  Georgia.  He  resigned  in  June, 

1892,  to  take  his  seat  in   the  U.S.  senate,  having 
been   elected   to  succeed  Horace  Chilton  (q.v.), 
and  he  was  elected  for  a  full  term  from  March  3, 

1893,  serving   in   all    1892-99.     He   received    the 
honorary  degree  of  LL.D.  from  Washington  and 
Lee   university  in    1894.      He   is  the    author  of 
several  magazines  articles,  including  :  New  Eng 
land  and  the  Neiv  Tariff  Bill ;  TJie  SpeakersJiip  ; 
A  Defective   Census;  The    Wilson   Bill;  and  The 
Gladstone  and  Elaine,  Controversy. 

MILLS,  Samuel  John,  missionary,  was  born 
in  Torringford,  Conn.,  April  21,  1783  ;  son  of  the 
Rev.  Samuel  John  (1743-1833)  and  Esther  (Rob- 
bins)  Mills,  and  grandson  of  John  and  Jane 
(Lewis)  Mills,  and  of  Samuel  Robbins  of  Canaan, 
Conn.  His  father  was  graduated  at  Yale,  1764, 
and  was  pastor  at  Torringford,  1768-1833.  The 
son  conducted  a  farm  inherited  from  his  mater 
nal  grandmother  until  1806,  when  he  abandoned 
it  to  enter  college.  He  was  graduated  at 
Willamsin  1809  ;  was  a  resident  graduate  at  Yale 
fora  few  months,  1809-10,  and  a  student  at  the 
Andover  Theological  seminary,  1810-12.  In  1810 
he  was  one  of  four  young  men  to  communicate  a 
paper  expressing  their  deep  interest  in  missions 
to  the  heathen,  to  the  meeting  of  the  General 
Association  of  Massachusetts  at  Bradford,  which 

[493] 


.MILLS 


M1LLSPAUGH 


resulted  in  tlie  formation  of  the  American  Board 
of  Commissioners  for  Foreign  Missions.  He  was 
licensed  to  preach  in  1812,  and  with  the  Rev. 
F.  Schermerhorn  of  the  Reformed  Dutch  church, 
made  a  missionary  tour  through  southwestern 
United  States  under  the  patronage  of  the  Con 
necticut  and  Massachusetts  Missionary  societies. 
He  made  a  second  tour  in  1814-15,  accompanied 
by  the  Rev.  David  Smith,  and  while  in  New 
Orleans.  La.,  finding  it  impossible  to  purchase  a 
Bible,  lie  procured  a  supply  in  both  French  and 
English  and  distributed  them.  He  was  ordained 
at  Newburyport.  June  21,  1815  ;  resided  success 
ively  in  Albany,  N.Y.,  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  and  in 
Washington,  D.C.,  1815-17,  and  was  influential 
in  establishing  the  American  Bible  society  in 
May,  1816,  and  afterward  the  United  Foreign 
Missionary  society.  He  devoted  himself  to  the 
elevation  of  the  colored  race  in  the  United  States 
and  Africa.  It  was  chiefly  through  his  efforts 
that  the  synod  of  New  York  and  New  Jersey 
established  a  school  for  the  training  of  young 
colored  men  as  preachers  and  teachers  of  the 
African  race  in  1816.  He  served  as  the  agent  of 
this  institution  in  the  middle  states,  and  in  Jan- 
nary,  1817,  on  the  organization  of  the  American 
Colonization  society  was  chosen  to  explore  the 
western  coast  of  Africa  und  select  the  most 
eligible  place  for  a  settlement.  The  Rev.  Ebene- 
zer  Burgess  accompanied  him  on  this  mission, 
tin  (I  they  sailed  for  London,  England,  in  Novem 
ber.  1817,  and  for  Africa  in  February,  1818.  reach 
ing  their  destination  in  March,  1818.  After  ful 
filling  the  duties  of  his  mission  Mr.  Mills  took 
passage  from  Sierra  Leone  for  London  in  the 
brig  Success,  May  22,  1818.  He  published  an  ac 
count  of  his  missionary  tours  in  the  southern 
and  western  parts  of  the  United  States  in  1815. 
See  Memoirs  of  the  Rev.  Samuel  J.  Mills  by  Gard 
ner  Spring  (1854).  He  died  at  sea  on  the  voyage 
from  Sierra  Leone  to  London,  June  16,  1818. 

MILLS,  Susan  Tolman,  educator,  was  born  in 
Enoshurgh.  Vt,.  Nov.  18,  1825  ;  daughter  of  John 
and  Elizabeth  (Nichols)  Tolman  ;  granddaughter 
of  Desire  and  Sarah  (Howe)  Tolman,  and  of  Levi 
and  Relief  (Boutell)  Nichols,  and  a  descend 
ant  of  Thomas  Tolman,  who  landed  at  Nan- 
tasket.  Mass.,  May  29,  1630,  and  was  a  member 
of  the  party  that  bought  from  the  Indians  the 
tract  of  land  on  which  Dorchester  and  adjacent 
towns  in  Massachusetts  were  built.  Her  family 
removed  from  Vermont  in  1836  to  Ware,  Mass., 
and  she  attended  the  public  schools,  the  seminary 
at  West  Brookfield,  Mass.,  was  graduated  from 
Mt.  Holyoke  seminary,  Mass.,  in  1845.  and  was  an 
instructor  at  Mt.  Holyoke.  1 845-48.  She  was  mar 
ried,  Sept.  11,  1848.  to  the  Rev.  Cyrus  Taggart 
Mills,  and  accompanied  her  husband  to  India, 
where  she  assisted  him  in  his  educational  work. 


She  was  a  teacher  at  Batticotta  college,  Jaffna, 
Ceylon,  1848-55  ;  at  Oahu  college,  Honolulu, 
Hawaiian  Islands.  1860-64  ;  returned  to  America, 
and  removed  with  her  husband  to  California  in 
1865.  She  was  associated  with  Dr.  Mills  as  a 
teacher  at  the  Young  Ladies'  seminary,  Benicia, 
Cal.,  1865-71.  They  removed  the  seminary  from 
Benicia  to  Seminary  Park,  Alameda  county,  Cal.. 
in  1871,  and  she  continued  as  Dr.  Mills's  assistant 
until  his  death  in  1884,  when  she  succeeded  him 
as  president  and  treasurer,  also  serving  as  teacher 
of  Bible  and  theism.  She  donated  the  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  John  Tolman  scholarship  of  $5,000  in  mem 
ory  of  her  father  and  mother,  and  the  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Lucian  A.  Tolman  scholarship  of  §5,000  in 
memory  of  her  brother  and  sister. 

MILLSON,  John  S.,  representative,  was  born 
in  Norfolk,  Va,.  Oct.  1.  1808.  He  attended  an 
academy,  began  the  study  of  law  in  1824,  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1829.  He  settled  in  prac 
tice  in  Norfolk,  was  a  presidential  elector  on  the 
Polk  and  Dallas  ticket  in  1841.  and  on  the  Cass 
and  Butler  ticket  in  184s.  and  was  a  representa 
tive  from  the  first  Virginia  district  in  the  31st- 
36th  congresses,  1849-61.  He  took  no  part  in  the 
civil  war.  He  died  at  Norfolk.  Va..  Feb.  26,  1873. 

MILLSPAUQH,  Frank  Rosebrook,  third 
bishop  of  Kansas  and  176th  in  succession  in  the 
American  episcopate,  was  born  in  Nichols,  Tioga 
county,  N.Y.,  April  12.  1848  :  son  of  Cornelius  and 
Elmira  (Rosebrook)  Millspaugh,  and  of  Dutch 
descent,  his  great 
grandfather,  Peter 
von  Miltzbach,  set 
tling  in  Orange  coun 
ty,  N.Y.,  with  his 
•wife,  Elsie  Kimbark, 
a  French  Huguenot 
refugee  who  boast 
ed  of  royal  blood. 
The  next  generation 
changed  the  name. 
His  father  removed 
to  Faribanlt,  Minn., 
in  1857,  and  there 
Frank  attended  the 
parish  school  kept  by 
the  Rev.  James  Lloyd 
Breck  (q.v.).  He  was  graduated  from  Shattuck 
Hall  in  1870,  and  from  Seabury  Divinity  school, 
B.D..  1873  ;  was  ordered  deacon,  June  22,  1873, 
ordained  priest,  June  21,  1874,  and  was  a  mission 
ary  in  Minnesota,  1873-76.  lie  was  dean  of 
Trinity  cathedral.  Omaha,  Neb..  1876-86;  con 
tinually  represented  the  diocese  as  president  of 
the  standing  committee  and  delegate  to  the  gen 
eral  convention  ;  was  rector  of  St.  Paul's  church, 
Minneapolis.  1880-91.  mid  dean  of  Grace  cathe 
dral,  Topeka,  Kan.,  1894-95.  He  was  elected 


[494] 


MILMORE 


MILNOR 


bishop  of  Kansas  as  successor  to  the  Rt.  Rev. 
Elisha  Smith  Thomas,  his  old  professor,  deceased, 
in  1895,  and  he  was  consecrated  at  Grace  cathedral, 
Topeka,  by  Bishops  Whipple,  Tuttle,  Spalding, 
Atwill  and  Brooke.  Sept.  19.  1895.  He  received 
the  decree  of  D.I),  from  Seabury  in  1895. 

MILMORE,  Joseph,  sculptor, was  born  in  Sligo, 
Ireland.  Oct.  22.  1842.  His  father,  a  teacher  in 
Sligo,  Ireland,  died  in  1851,  and  his  mother,  a  de 
scendant  of  Gen.  Patrick  Sarsfield,  Earl  of 
Lucan,  came  to  the  United  States  with  her 
family  in  1851,  and  settled  in  Boston,  Mass. 
Joseph  was  educated  in  the  Quincy  and  Brimmer 
schools  in  Boston,  and  learned  the  trade  of  wood 
carver  and  cabinet-maker,  which  he  abandoned 
for  that  of  marble  cutter.  With  his  brother 
Martin  he  executed  important  monuments,  includ 
ing  the  "  Sphinx/'  in  Mount  Auburn  cemetery  ; 
the  statuary  forming  the  facade  of  the  old  Horti 
cultural  Hall,  Tremont  street,  Boston,  and  the 
soldiers'  and  sailors'  monument  on  Boston  Com 
mon.  He  married  Mary  L.  Longfellow  of  Cam 
bridge,  Mass.,  for  his  second  wife,  Feb.  14,  1885. 
He  died  in  Geneva,  Switzerland,  Jan.  10  1886. 

MILMORE,  Martin,  sculptor,  was  born  in 
Sligo,  Ireland,  Sept.  14,  1844.  He  came  to  Amer 
ica  witli  his  mother  and  elder  brother,  Joseph 
(q.  v.),  in  1851.  He  was  a  pupil  in  the  Brim 
mer  school,  Boston  ;  was  graduated  at  the  Boston 
Latin  school  in  18(50,  and  during  his  school  days 
was  taught  wood  carving  by  his  brother  Joseph. 
He  prepared  for  his  life  work  in  the  studio  of 
Thomas  Ball.  1860-64.  and  then  established  a 
studio  in  Boston.  He  produced  the  '•  Philoso 
pher  "  in  1863,  which  was  purchased  in  Boston, 
and  in  the  same  year  sent  his  statuette  "Devo 
tion"  to  the  Sanitary  Fair.  He  received  a  com 
mission  to  execute  statues  of  ''Ceres,''  "Flora," 

and  "Pomo 
na,''  for  the 
Boston  Horti 
cultural  Hall, 
from  Turner 
Sargent,  in  18- 
64.  and  in  1867 
an  order  for 
the  soldiers' 
monument  at 
Forest  Hills 
cemetery,  Bos 
ton.  He  was 
later  commis- 


MILMORE    MEMORIAL. 


sioned  by  the  city  of  Boston,  sculptor  of  the 
soldiers'  and  sailors'  monument  011  Boston  Com 
mon,  and  while  designing  it  resided  in  Rome, 
Italy.  It  was  unveiled  1877,  and  is  considered 
his  greatest  work.  He  also  executed  :  "  Amer 
ica."  at  Fitchlmrg,  Mass.  ;  soldiers'  monument 
at  Charlestown,  Mass.  ;  statue  of  Gen.  Sylvanus 

[49.' 


Thayer.  at  West  Point.  N.Y.  ;  "  The  Weeping 
Lion,"  at  Colby  university,  Waterville,  Me.; 
with  his  brother  Joseph  the  "  Sphinx/'  at 
Mount  Auburn  cemetery,  Mass.,  and  war  monu 
ments  at  Keene,  N.IL,  and  Erie,  Pa.  Notable 
among  his  busts  are  :  Henry  W.  Longfellow 
(1864);  Charles  Sumner  (1865),  in  the  Metropoli 
tan  Museum  of  Art,  New  York  city  ;  Theodore 
Parker:  George  Ticknor  (1868),  in  the  Boston 
public  library  ;  Charles  O.  Whitmore  ;  Henry 
Wilson  :  George  T.  Boutwell  ;  Cardinal  McClos- 
key  ;  Ralph  Waldo  Emerson  ;  Wendell  Phillips 
(1869),  a  copy  of  which  in  bronze  was  presented 
to  the  Boston  Public  Library  by  the  Wendell 
Phillips  Memorial  association,  through  A.  Shu- 
man,  in  March,  1900;  Pope  Pius  IX.;  General 
Grant ;  Abraham  Lincoln  ;  and  Daniel  Webster. 
He  was  engaged  to  be  married  to  Mary  L.  Long 
fellow  of  Cambridge,  Mass.,  at  the  timeof  his 
death.  A  memorial,  "  Deatli  and  the  Sculptor," 
by  Daniel  C.  French,  was  placed  over  his  grave 
at  Forest  Hills  cemetery.  He  died  at  Roxbury 
Highlands,  Boston,  Mass.,  July  21,  1883. 

MILNOR,  James,  representative  and  clergy 
man,  was  born  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  June  20, 
1773  ;  son  of  William  and  Ann  (Brientnall)  Mil- 
n or.  His  father  engaged  in  trade  and  was  inter 
ested  in  a  fishery  with  General  Washington  be 
fore  the  Revolution,  to  which  cause  he  rendered 
valuable  assistance.  James  Milnor  attended  the 
Philadelphia  grammar  school,  and  entered  the 
University  of  Pennsylvania  in  1789,  but  was  not 
graduated.  He  studied  law  with  Mr.  Howell,  a 
Quaker  lawyer  of  Philadelphia,  1789-93,  and 
withMr.  Rawle, 1793-94  ;  was  a  dmitted  to  the  bar 
in  1794.  and  in  the  same  year  became  an  attorney 
for  the  court  of  common  pleas  of  Montgomery 
county.  He  practised  at  Norristown,  Pa.,  1794- 
97.  and  at  Philadelphia.  Pa.,  1797-1813.  He  was 
president  of  the  Philadelphia  Law  society  in 
1794  and  1797  ;  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
Society  for  Promoting  the  Abolition  of  Slavery  in 
1795,  and  served  for  several  years  as  one  of  its 
counsellors.  He  was  married,  Feb.  28,  1799, 
to  Eleanor,  daughter  of  Henry  Pawling  of  Nor 
ristown,  Pa.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Phila 
delphia  common  council,  1800  ;  a  member  of  the 
select  council,  1805-10,  and  its  president,  1808-09  ; 
and  a  Federalist  representative  in  the  12th  con 
gress,  1811-13.  He  abandoned  the  law  for  theol 
ogy,  and  on  April  7,  1813,  became  a  candidate 
for  orders  in  the  Protestant  Episcopal  church. 
He  was  a  lay  reader  and  catechist  in  St.  John's 
church,  Norristown.  Pa.,  1813-14  ;  was  ordered 
deacon.  Aug.  14,  1814,  and  served  as  assistant  at 
St.  Peter's  and  the  united  churches  in  Phila 
delphia,  1814-16.  He  was  ordained  priest  by 
Bishop  White,  Aug.  27,  1815,  and  was  rector  of 
St.  George's  church,  New  York  citv.  1S16-44.  He 


MILNOR 


MILROY 


was  secretary  of  a  committee  chosen  by  the 
Philadelphia  Bible  society  in  1816  to  extend  its 
operations,  and  on  his  removal  to  New  York  be 
came  actively  connected  with  the  American 
Bible  society.  He  was  a  delegate  from  the 
American  Bible  society  to  the  British  and  Foreign 
Bible  societies,  1830,  and  was  intrusted  with 
securing  an  instructor  in  Paris  for  the  New  York 
asylum  for  the  deaf  and  dumb.  He  received  the 
degree  of  D.D.  from  the  University  of  Pennsyl 
vania  in  1819.  He  published  Oration  of  Ma- 
sonri/  (1811);  Thanksgiving  Day  Sermon  (1817); 
A  Plea  for  the  American  Colonization  Society 
(1826);  Sermon  on  the  Death  of  De  Witt  Clinton 
(1838);  and  A  Charitable  Judgment  of  the  Opin 
ions  and  Conduct  of  Others  Recommended,  de 
livered  the  Sunday  before  his  death  (1844).  See 
Memoir,  by  Rev.  John  S.  Stone,  D.D.  (1855). 
He  died  in  New  York  city,  April  8,  1844. 

MILNOR,  William,  representative,  was  born 
in  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  in  1785  ;  son  of  William 
and  Ann  (Brientnall)  Milnor,  members  of  the 
Society  of  Friends,  and  a  brother  of  the  Rev. 
James  Milnor,  D.D.  (q.v.).  His  parents  were 
both  descendants  of  early  Quaker  settlers  in 
Pennsylvania.  He  attended  the  Philadelphia 
grammar  school,  engaged  in  mercantile  busi 
ness  with  his  father,  and  became  prominent  in 
the  community.  He  was  elected  a  Federalist 
representative  from  Philadelphia  county  in  the 
10th,  llth,  14th  and  17th  congresses,  1807-11, 
1815-17  and  1821-22,  resigning  in  1822,  when  he 
was  succeeded  by  Thomas  Forrest.  He  also 
served  as  mayor  and  alderman  of  Philadelphia. 
He  was  the  author  of  several  political  pamphlets. 
Shortly  before  his  death  he  removed  to  Burling 
ton,  N.J.,  where  he  died,  Nov.  11,  1843. 

MILROY,  Robert  Houston,  soldier,  was  born 
near  Salem,  Ind.,  June  11,  1816  :  son  of  Gen. 
Samuel  and  Martha  (Houston)  Milroy  ;  grandson 
of  Henry  and  Agnes  (MoCormack)  Milroy,  and 
great-grandson  of  John  and  Martha  (Bruce)  Mc- 
Elroy.  John  McElroy  was  the  Earl  of  Annandale, 
Scotland,  and  a  lineal  descendant  of  Robert  Bruce, 
and  having  been  persecuted  for  joining  in  a 
revolution  in  Scotland,  fled  to  Ireland  in  1774 
with  his  young  wife,  changing  his  name  to  Mil 
roy  and  after  a  few  years  settled  in  Carlisle,  Pa. 
Eobert  H.  Milroy  was  employed  on  his  father's 
farm  and  in  his  mills  until  1840  ;  was  graduated 
from  Norwicli  university,  Vt.,  A.B.  and  M.M.S., 
in  1843,  and  began  the  study  of  law  in  Indiana  in 
1844.  He  served  in  the  Mexican  war  as  captain 
in  the  1st  Indiana  volunteers,  1846-47  ;  was  gradu 
ated  from  Indiana  university,  LL.B..  18r>0,  and 
practised  at  Delphi,  Ind.,  1850-53,  and  at  Renssel- 
aer,  1854-61.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Indiana 
constitutional  convention  of  1850-51  ;  and 
judge  of  the  eighth  judicial  circuit  court  of  Indi- 


or  his  property  de- 
rangers  an  appraise- 
should  be  taken  bv 


ana,  1852.  He  recruited  a  volunteer  company  in 
April,  1861  ;  was  commissioned  colonel  of  the 
9th  Indiana  volunteers,  April  26,  1861  ;  served 
under  McClellan  in  western  Virginia,  and  was 
mustered  out,  July  30, 1861.  He  was  mustered  in 
again,  Sept.  5,  1861. 
and  in  December, 
1861,  attacked  the 
Confederates  in  front 
of  Cheat  Mountain 
Pass.  He  was  pro 
moted  brigadier-gen 
eral.  Feb.  6,  1862,  to 
rank  from  Sept.  5, 

1861.  and  in  January, 

1862,  assumed    com 
mand  of    the   Moun 
tain  Department.     To 
put  a  stop  to   guerilla 
warfare     in    western 
Virginia,  he  directed 
that  whenever  a  loyal 
citizen  should  be     killed 
stroyed  by  guerillas   or 
nient    of    the    property 

Federal  officers,  and  the  number  of  lives  taken 
recorded,  and  within  twenty-four  hours  of 
the  occurrence  notice  given  to  the  Confederate 
sympathizers  in  the  neighborhood  of  the  loss,  and 
the  amount  so  appraised  immediately  paid  to  the 
widow  or  heirs  ;  those  failing  to  comply  to  be 
shot  and  their  property  burned.  The  order 
caused  President  Davis  to  appeal  to  General 
Halleck  through  General  Lee,  and  Halleck 
ordered  Milroy  to  revoke  the  order,  which  he 
did  not  do.  but  reported  the  full  facts  of  all  dep 
redations  already  committed  to  President  Lincoln, 
and  the  President  sustained  his  position,  and 
the  order  was  not  revoked.  President  Davis 
then  made  the  order  the  subject  of  a  special  mes 
sage  to  the  Confederate  congress,  which  body 
offered  a  reward  of  $100.000  for  the  body  of 
General  Milroy,  dead  or  alive.  He  was  attacked 
by  Jackson  at  McDowell,  in  May,  1862,  and  held 
his  ground  till  reinforced  by  Shields,  who  as 
sumed  command,  and  together  they  fought  the 
battle  of  McDowell.  May  8.  1862,  and  were 
forced  back  to  Franklin.  Jackson  retired  to 
Richmond,  and  Milroy 's  independent  brigade 
was  attached  to  Siegel's  corps,  Army  of  Vir 
ginia,  and  took  part  in  the  second  battle  of  Bull 
Run.  He  was  promoted  major-general  of  volun 
teers,  Nov.  29, 1862,  and  his  division  of  the  8th  army 
corps,  9000  strong,  occupied  Winchester  with 
McReynolds's  brigade  on  observation  at  Berry  - 
ville.  On  June  11.  when  asked  about  evacuat 
ing  and  joining  Kelley  at  Harper's  Ferry,  he  re 
ported  that  lie  could  hold  the  place  against  any 
force  in  the  vallev,  and  was  authorized  to  re- 


[496] 


MILTON 


MILTON 


main.  At  that  time  he  was  unaware  that  Lee 
was  on  his  march  to  invade  the  north.  Ewell, 
with  Early 's  and  Edward  Johnson's  divisions, 
attacked  him  on  two  sides,  June  15,  and  cap 
tured  the  outworks.  On  June  18,  after  righting 
•continually  for  three  days  against  Longstreet's 
corps,  Milroy  was  obliged  to  destroy  his  artillery 
and  wagon  train  and  retreat  to  Harper's  Ferry, 
and  in  the  movement  he  lost  a  large  portion  of  his 
force,  reported  by  Milroy  to  have  been  3000  in 
killed,  wounded  and  prisoners  captured.  He  had 
successfully  checked  tiie  advance  of  General  Lee's 
army  for  three  days,  until  his  provisions  were 
exhausted.  This  detention,  it  was  claimed  by 
General  Milroy,  enabled  General  Meade  to  make 
his  dispositions  at  Gettysburg  instead  of  at  a 
point  further  north.  General  Milroy  was  placed 
under  arrest  by  General  Halleck,  June  26,  1863. 
for  evacuating  Winchester  without  orders  from 
General  Schenck.  his  immediate  commander,  and 
was  released  May  13,  1864,  and  ordered  to  Nash 
ville,  Tenn.,  for  duty,  and  he  fought  his  last 
battle  against  Generals  Forrest  and  Bates,  defeat 
ing  their  combined  forces  on  the  old  Murfreesboro 
battle-ground.  He  resigned  from  the  army,  July 
26,  1865.  He  was  elected  a  trustee  of  the  Wabash 
and  Erie  canal  company  in  1868  ;  was  superinten 
dent  of  Indian  affairs  in  Washington  Territory, 
1872-75,  and  Indian  agent  in  Washington  Terri 
tory,  1875-85.  He  was  married  May  17,  1849,  to 
Mary  Jane,  daughter  of  Valerius  Armitage  of 
Indiana,  and  his  widow  and  three  sons  survived 
him.  He  died  in  Olympia.  Wash.,  March  29,  1890. 

MILTON,  Homer  Virgil,  soldier,  was  born  in 
Milton  Plantation,  Louisville,  Ga.,  in  1781  ;  son 
•of  Capt.  John  and  Hannah  E.  (Spencer)  Milton. 
He  was  married  May  17,  1801,  to  Elizabeth  Rob 
inson.  He  entered  the  U.S.  army,  was  promoted 
major,  May  3,  1808  ;  lieutenant-colonel,  Septem 
ber,  1810 ;  was  promoted  colonel,  3d  infantry, 
Aug.  15,  1813  ;  took  an  active  part  in  the  war 
•of  1812,  distinguished  himself  in  several  engage 
ments,  and  gained  the  rank  of  brigadier-general 
of  volunteers.  He  was  an  hereditary  member  of 
the  Society  of  the  Cincinnati.  His  children  were  : 
John  Milton,  born  April  20,  1807  (q.v.);  Homer 
Virgil  Milton,  born  April  2,  1813,  and  Jane  Eliza 
beth  Milton,  born  Aug.  23,  1815.  He  died  at 
Milton  Plantation,  Louisville,  Ga.,  April  2,  1822. 

MILTON,  John,  soldier,  was  born  in  Halifax 
county,  N.C.,  in  1740  ;  son  of  John  and  Mary 
(Farr)  Milton,  and,  according  to  tradition,  a 
descendant  of  Judge  Christopher  Milton,  brother 
of  John  Milton,  the  poet.  His  father  was  born 
in  PZngland,  and  came  to  North  Carolina  about 
1734.  He  joined  the  Revolutionary  army  as 
an  ensign  in  the  1st  Georgia  regiment,  Jan.  7, 
1776  ;  was  promoted  1st  lieutenant  ;  and  was 
taken  prisoner  at  Fort  Howe,  Ga.,  in  February, 


1777,  with  Lieut.  William  Caldwell,  on  the  sur 
render  of  that  place,  held  as  a  hostage,  and  im 
prisoned  in  the  castle  at  St.  Augustine,  Fla., 
until  November,  1777.  He  was  promoted  cap 
tain,  Sept.  15,  1777,  and  on  his  release  returned 
to  the  army  and  served  until  the  end  of  the  war, 
retiring  Sept.  15,  1782.  He  was  secretary  of  the 
state  of  Georgia  in  1777,  1781-83  and  1789,  and 
on  Dec.  6,  1778,  at  the  approach  of  the  British, 
removed  the  public  records  to  Perrysburg  by 
order  of  the  governor.  He  engaged  in  planting 
after  the  war,  and  received  the  two  votes  of  the 
Georgia  electors  for  first  President  of  the  United 
States  in  1789.  He  was  a  charter  member  of  the 
(Georgia)  Society  of  the  Cincinnati.  He  was 
married  to  Hannah  E.  Spencer,  and  of  their 
children,  Gen.  Homer  Virgil  Milton  (q.v.),  was 
an  officer  in  the  war  of  1812.  He  died  at  Mil 
ton  plantation,  near  Louisville,  Ga.,  about  1804. 

MILTON,  John,  governor  of  Florida,  was  born 
on  the  Milton  plantation,  near  Louisville,  Ga., 
April  20,  1807  ;  son  of  Gen.  Homer  Virgil  and 
Elizabeth  (Robinson)  Milton.  He  was  educated 
in  the  academy  at  Louisville  and  in  the  law 
office  of  Roger  L.  Gamble,  and  established  a 
large  law  practice.  He  was  a  strong  states'  rights 
advocate,  and  in  1832,  while  a  resident  of  Colum 
bus,  Ga.,  was  a  candidate  for  representative  in 
congress  on  the  nullification  issue,  but  was  de 
feated.  He  removed  to  Mobile,  Ala.,  in  1835, 
where  he  continued  to  practise  successfully,  and 
was  captain  of  Alabama  volunteers  in  the 
Florida  Indian  war  of  1837-39.  He  removed  to 
New  Orleans,  La.,  1840,  and  had  a  large  practice. 
In  1846  he  removed  to  Florida  ;  was  a  Demo 
cratic  representative  in  the  Florida  legislature  in 
1849  ;  a  presidential  elector  in  1849,  and  was  war 
governor  of  Florida,  succeeding  Madison  S. 
Perry,  and  serving  1861-65.  He  was  twice  mar 
ried  :  first  to  Susan  Amanda  Cobb,  and  secondly, 
to  Caroline  Howze.  He  died  near  Marianna, 
Fla.,  April  1,  1865. 

MILTON,  William  Hall,  surveyor-general,  was 
born  near  Marianna,  Fla.,  March  2,  1864  ;  son  of 
Judge  William  Henry  (q.v.)  and  Lucy  Hall 
(Hearn)  Milton.  He  attended  the  Marianna 
academy  and  the  Agricultural  and  Mechanical  i 
college,  Auburn,  Ala.  He  was  clerk  and  treas 
urer  of  Marianna,  1885-93  ;  a  representative  in 
the  Florida  legislature,  1889-91  ;  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1890  ;  was  court  commissioner,  1890-94  ; 
presidential  elector  on  the  Cleveland  ticket  in 
1892  ;  U.S.  surveyor-general  of  Florida,  1894-97  ; 
mayor  of  Marianna,  1898-99;  president  of  the  board 
of  managers,  Florida  State  Reform  school,  189S- 
1902  ;  and  a  prominent  candidate  for  governor 
of  Florida  before  the  Democratic  state  conven 
tion  of  June  19,  1900.  He  was  an  hereditary 
member  of  the  Society  of  the  Cincinnati,  and  a 


L497J 


MILTON 


MINOR 


member  of  the  Sons  of  the  American  Revolution. 
He  was  married,  Nov.  23,  1893,  to  Sarah  Smith 
Baker. 

MILTON,  William  Henry,  jurist,  was  born  at 
Milton  Plantation,  Louisville,  Ga.,  Dec.  4,1829; 
son  of  Gov.  John  (q.v.)  and  Susan  Amanda 
(Cobb)  Milton.  He  attended  a  Catholic  school  in 
Mobile  and  was  graduated  at  the  University  of 
Georgia  in  1849.  He  was  married,  Dec.  3,  1857, 
to  Lucy  Hall  Hearn.  He  served  in  the  Confede 
rate  army  first  as  private,  then  as  adjutant-gen 
eral  of  Florida,  1861  ;  as  captain  of  a  cavalry 
corps  in  1862,  and  as  major  of  cavalry,  1863-65. 
He  practised  law  in  Marianna,  Fla.,  after  1865  ; 
was  chairman  of  the  Democratic  county  executive 
committee,  a  member  of  the  state  executive  com 
mittee,  and  of  the  first  congressional  district  com 
mittee.  He  was  judge  of  probate,  1874-76  :  state 
attorney  of  Florida,  1877-98  ;  representative  in 
the  state  legislature,  1881-83,  and  a  member  of 
the  constitutional  convention  of  1885.  He  died 
in  Marianna,  Fla.,  Aug.  6,  1900. 

MINER,  Alonzo  Ames,  educator  and  clergy 
man,  was  born  in  Lempster,  N.H.,  Aug.  17,  1814  ; 
son  of  Benajah  Ames  and  Amanda  (Carey)  Miner, 
grandson  of  Charles  Miner,  and  a  descendant  of 
Thomas  Miner,  of  England,  who  came  to  Boston 

witli  Elder  Winthrop 
in  1630.  and  settled 
in  Connecticut  in  16- 
43.  Alonzo  attended 
and  taught  the  pub 
lic  school,  was  associ 
ate  principal  of  the 
academy  at  Caven 
dish,  Vt,  1834-35, 
and  principal  of  the 
scientific  and  military 
school  at  Unity,  N.H., 
1 835-39.  He  was 
married,  Aug.  24, 


to 

daughter 
Edmund 


and 


Capt. 
Sarah 


(Bailey)  Perley  of  Lempster,  N.H.  He  was 
received  into  the  fellowship  of  the  Universal- 
ist  church  in  June.  1838,  was  ordained  in  June, 
1839,  and  was  pastor  at  Methuen,  Mass..  1839-42  ; 
at  Lowell,  Mass.,  1842-48;  colleague  of  the  Rev. 
Hosea  Ballon  at  Boston,  Mass.,  succeeding  E. 
H.  Chapin.  and  full  pastor,  1852-95.  He  was 
president  of  Tufts  college  and  professor  of  ethics 
and  political  economy,  1862-75.  He  found  the 
treasury  empty  when  he  entered  upon  his  duties, 
but  when  he  resigned  the  assets  of  the  college 
were  nearly  $1,000.000.  He  was  the  Fourth  of 
July  municipal  orator  in  1855  :  chaplain  of  the 
Massachusetts  senate  in  1864,  and  preacher  of  the 
last  election  sermon  before  the  general  court  in 


1884.  He  was  a  member  of  the  state  board  of 
education,  1869-93  ;  the  projector  of  the  Univer- 
salist  publishing  house  and  president  of  its  board 
of  trustees  ;  chairman  of  the  executive  commit 
tee  of  Tufts  college  and  of  the  American  Peace 
society  which  he  represented  at  the  International 
Peace  congress  at  Paris  in  1889.  He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  American  Academy  of  Arts  and  Sci 
ences,  and  of  the  National  Reform  association. 
He  was  Prohibition  candidate  for  governor  of  Mas 
sachusetts,  1878,  and  for  mayor  of  Boston,  1893  ; 
president  of  the  Massachusetts  Temperance 
alliance,  and  an  overseer  of  Harvard  college, 
1861-67.  In  1891  he  gave  §40.000  to  Tufts  college 
to  build  Miner  Theological  Hall.  He  received  the 
honorary  degree  A.M.  from  Tufts  in  1861  ;  S.T.D. 
from  Harvard  in  1863.  and  LL.D.  from  Tufts  in 
1875.  He  edited  The  Star  of  Bethlehem,  Lowell, 
Mass.,  and  is  the  author  of:  Bible  Exercises 
(1854  and  1884);  and  Old  Forts  Taken  (1818  and 
1885).  He  died  in  Boston.  Mass..  June  14,1895. 

MINER,  Charles,  representative,  was  born  in 
Norwich,  Conn.,  Feb.  1,  1780;  son  of  Seth  and 
Anna  (Charlton)  Miner:  grandson  of  Hugh  Miner, 
and  a  descendant  of  Thomas  Miner  the  emigrant, 
1630.  Seth  Miner  was  a  printer:  a  commissioned 
officer  in  the  Connecticut  militia,  and  a  soldier  in 
the  war  of  the  Revolution.  Charles  attended 
school  in  Norwich,  served  part  of  an  apprentice 
ship  as  a  printer  in  New  London.  Conn.,  and  in 
1799  removed  to  the  Wyoming  Valley  to  take 
charge  of  his  father's  lands  held  under  the  Con 
necticut  claim.  He  removed  to  Wilkesbarre,  Pa., 
in  1802,  and  joined  his  brother  Asher  in  publish 
ing  the  Lnzerne  County  Federalist,  afterward 
Tlie  Gleaner,  established  in  1N01.  In  1804  lie  be 
came  sole  proprietor.  He  represented  Luzerne 
count}'  in  the  Pennsylvania  legislature  in  1807-08. 
He  was  assistant  editor  of  the  Political  find  Com 
mercial  Register  of  Philadelphia,  for  a  time,  and 
removed  to  West  Chester,  Pa.,  in  1816,  where  he 
established  the  Village  Record,  which  he  edited 
for  several  years.  He  was  a  Federalist  repre 
sentative  in  the  19th  and  20th  congresses.  1825- 
29,  and  declined  re-election.  While  in  congress 
he  opposed  slavery,  took  an  active  interest  in 
agriculture,  and  in  silk  culture,  and  he  was  the 
author  of  the  report  submitted  by  the  chairman 
of  the  committee  on  agriculture.  In  1834  he 
sold  his  paper  and  returned  to  Wilkesbarre,  Pa. 
His  wife  was  Letitia,  daughter  of  Joseph  Wright. 
He  is  the  author  of  :  History  of  Wyoming  (1845); 
Essays  from  the.  Desk  of  Poor  liobert  the  Scribe. 
and  the  ballad  "James  Bird."  He  died  at 
Wilkesbarre.  Pa..  Oct.  26.  1865. 

MINOR,  Benjamin  Blake,  educator,  was  born 
at  Tappahannoek.  Essex  county,  Va.,  Oct.  21, 
1818  ;  son  of  Dr.  Hubbard  Taylor  and  Jane  (Blake) 
Minor,  grandson  of  Col.  Thomas  and  Elizabeth 


[498J 


MINOR 


MINOR 


(Taylor)  Minor,  of  Spottsylvania  county,  and  of 
Benjamin  and  Elizabeth  (Aldridge)  Blake,  and 
great-grandson  of  Thomas  and  Alice  (Thomas) 
Minor.  These  Minors  probably  came  to  Massa 
chusetts  with  Governor  Winthrop  in  1630,  and 
Thomas  Minor  removed  to  Virginia,  where  he 
married  Alice  Thomas  in  March,  1741.  Benjamin 
Blake  Minor  attended  Bristol  college,  Pa.,  1833- 
34  ;  the  University  of  Virginia,  1834-37,  gradua 
ting  in  several  of  its  schools,  and  was  graduated 
in  moral  and  political  science  and  law  at  the 
College  of  William  and  Mary,  in  1839.  He  prac 
tised  law  in  Petersburg,  Va.,  1840-41  ;  in  Rich 
mond,  1841-43  ;  owned  and  edited  the  Southern 
Literary  Messenger,  1843-4?  ;  was  principal  of  the 
Virginia  Female  Institute,  Staunton,  1847-48, 
and  founded  the  Home  School  for  Young  Ladies, 
Richmond,  1818.  He  was  married,  May  26,  1842, 
to  Virginia  Maury,  daughter  of  the  Rt.  Rev. 
James  Hervey  Otey  (q.v.).  In  1845  he  originated 
the  historical  department  of  the  Society  of  Alumni 
of  the  University  of  Virginia  ;  the  same  year  was 
vice-president  of  the  commercial  convention  at 
Memphis  ;  in  1847  was  a  chief  factor  in  the  revival 
of  the  Historical  society  of  Virginia  of  which  he 
was  made  a  life  member ;  and  was  made  a  cor 
responding  member  of  the  historical  societies  of 
New  York  and  Wisconsin  ;  and  secretary  of  the 
African  Colonization  society  of  Virginia  and  of 
the  Virginia  Bible  society,  which  antedates  the 
American  Bible  society.  He  resumed  the  prac 
tice  of  law  in  Richmond  in  1848  and  the  same 
year  was  the  mover  and  author  of  the  memorial 
to  the  Virginia  legislature  that  led  to  the  erec 
tion  of  the  Washington  monument  on  Capitol 
square.  He  was  commissioned  lieutenant-colonel 
of  the  19th  Virginia  militia;  was  a  warden,  re 
gister  and  diocesan  delegate  of  St.  James's  church, 
and  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Richmond  Male 
Orphan  asylum.  On  July  4,  18(50,  he  was  elected 
president  of  the  State  University  of  Missouri, 
serving  until  the  curators  suspended  the  work  of 
the  university  during  the  civil  war.  He  was 
principal  of  a  Female  seminary  in  St.  Louis, 
1863-69  ;  life  insurance  state  agent  and  superin 
tendent,  and  public  lecturer,  1869-89,  and  in  1889 
rejoined  his  family  in  Richmond,  Va.,  and  en 
gaged  in  literary  work.  He  received  the  honor 
ary  degree  of  LL.l).  from  the  State  University  of 
Missouri  in  1894,  and  in  1896  was  made  secretary 
of  the  Virginia  Society  of  the  Sons  of  the  Ameri 
can  Revolution.  He  edited  a  complete  edition  of 
Reports  of  Chancellor  George  Wi/tlie,  ivitJi  a  Me 
moir  of  the  Author  ;  a  new  edition  of  Henning  & 
Munford's  Virginia  Reports,  and  contributed  to 
law  journals  in  New  York  city. 

MINOR,  Edward  Sloman,  representative,  was 
born  at  Point  Peninsula.  Jefferson  county,  N.Y., 
Dec.  13,  1840  ;  son  of  Martin  and  Abigail  (St. 


Ores)  Minor.  His  parents  removed  to  Wisconsin 
in  1845  and  settled  in  Greenfield,  Milwaukee 
county,  where  he  attended  the  public  schools. 
In  1852  they  removed  to  Siieboygan  county, 
where  he  worked  on  the  farm  and  completed  a 
common  school  education.  He  served  in  the  3d 
Wisconsin  cavalry,  gaining  the  rank  of  1st  lieu 
tenant,  1861-65.  He  was  married  in  1867  to 
Tillie  E..  daughter  of  O.  P.  Graham,  of  Door 
county,  Wis.  He  was  superintendent  of  the 
Sturgeon  Bay  and  Lake  Michigan  ship  canal, 
1884-91.  He  was  a  representative  in  the  state 
assembly,  1879,  1881  and  1882  ;  state  senator, 
1882-86  ;  and  president  protempore  of  the  senate 
1886.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Wisconsin  fish 
commission  for  four  years  ;  was  mayor  of  Stur 
geon  Bay,  1894,  and  was  a  Republican  represent 
ative  from  the  eighth  congressional  district  of 
Wisconsin  in  the  51th,  55th,  56th  and  57th  con 
gresses.  1895-1903. 

MINOR,  John  Barbee,  educator,  was  born  in 
Louisa  county,  Va.,  June  2, 1813  ;  son  of  Launce- 
lot  and  Mary  O.  (Tompkins)  Minor  ;  grandson  of 
John  of  "  Topping  Castle,"  Caroline  county,  and 
Elizabeth  (Cosby)  Minor,  and  a  descendant  of 
Doodes  Maindort.  a  sea  captain  from  Holland 
who  was  naturalized  by  the  Virginia  house  of 
burgesses,  together  with  his  son  Doodes  the  Less. 
They  were  re-naturalized  in  October,  1675,  and 
Doodes  the  Less  adopted  the  family  name  Minor. 
John  Barbee  Minor  attended  Kenyon  college, 
Ohio,  and  was  graduated  from  the  University  of 
Virginia  in  1833.  He  practised  law  in  Botetourt 
county,  Va.,  but  in  1840  removed  to  Charlottes- 
ville  to  be  a  partner  of  his  brother  Lucian  (q.v.). 
He  was  professor  of  law  at  the  University  of 
Virginia,  1845-95,  and  for  several  years  had 
entire  charge  of  the  law  school.  On  June  12, 
1895,  the  fiftieth  anniversary  of  his  incumbency 
of  the  chair  of  law,  a  life-size  marble  bust  of  Mr. 
Minor  was  presented  to  the  University  library  by 
the  law  alumni,  inscribed  :  "  He  Taught  the  Law 
and  the  Reason  Thereof,  1845-1895."  The  College 
of  William  and  Mary  conferred  upon  him  the 
degree  of  LL.D.  He  married  first,  Martha  Macon 
Davis  ;  secondly,  Annie  Fisher  Colston,  andthiid- 
ly,  Ellen  T.  Hill,  and  had  children  by  the  first  two 
marriages.  He  was  editor  of  Madison's  Resolu 
tions  and  Report  of  1798-99,  (new  ed.  1850); 
author  of  Synopsis  of  the  Latv  of  Crimes  and 
Punishments  (1869),  and  Institutes  of  Common 
and  Statute  Law  (4  vols.,  1875).  He  died  at  the 
University  of  Virginia,  July  29,  1895. 

MINOR,  Lucian,  educator,  was  born  in  Louisa 
county,  Va.,  in  1802  ;  son  of  Launcelot  and  Mary 
C.  (Tompkins)  Minor.  He  was  graduated  from 
the  law  department  of  the  College  of  William  and 
Mary,  Virginia,  in  1823  ;  was  commonwealth's 
attorney  for  Louisa  countv,  1828-52,  but  removed 


[409] 


MINOR 


MINOT 


to  Charlottesville  and  edited  a  paper  there.  He 
was  professor  of  law  at  William  and  Mary,  1855- 
•58.  He  was  an  earnest  advocate  of  temperance, 
a  good  classical  scholar,  and  the  friend  and 
adviser  of  Mr.  Thomas  W.  White,  founder  of  the 
Southern  Literary  Messenger,  to  which  he  con 
tributed  extensively.  He  delivered  before  the 
.alumni  of  the  University  of  Virginia  a  eulogy  of 
Prof.  John  A.  G.  Davis.  Somewhat  late  in  life 
he  married  Lavinia  Price  of  Hanover  county,  by 
whom  he  had  children.  The  Knights  of  St. 
Mathew  erected  in  the  cemetery  at  Williams- 
burg,  Va. ,  a  monument  to  his  memory.  He  is  the 
author  of  a  part  of  John  A.  G.  Davis's  "  Guide  to 
Justices"  (1838);  added  notes  to  Daniel  Call's 
"  Virginia  Reports  ";  revised  and  condensed  the 
four  volumes  of  Heming  and  Munford's  reports 
into  one,  and  wrote«a  tract  on  the  "  Reason  for 
Abolishing  the  Liquor  Traffic."  His  notes  of 
travel  on  foot  in  New  England  were  revised  and 
published  in  the  Southern  Literary  Messenger, 
1834.  He  died  in  Williamsburg,  Va.,  in  1858. 

MINOR,  Robert  Crannell,  painter,  was  born 
in  New  York  city,  April  30,  1839  ;  son  of  Israel 
and  Charlotte  (Crannell)  Minor  ;  grandson  of 
Seth  Minor  and  of  Isaac  Van  Hook  Crannell,  and 
a  descendant  of  Elder  Brewster.  After  studying 
painting  under  H.  Boulanger  and  Joseph  Van 
Luppen  in  Belgium  and  under  Diaz  at  Barbizon, 
France,  he  opened  a  studio  in  New  York  city 
He  was  vice-president  of  the  Societe  Artistiqiie 
et  Litteraire  at  Antwerp  in  1874  ;  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  Society  of  American  Artists  ;  a 
National  Academician  in  1897,  a  member  of  the 
New  York  Sculpture  society,  the  National  Arts 
club,  and  the  Lotus  club  ;  and  president  of  the 
Salmagundi  club  of  New  York.  He  received 
various  honors  and  medals  for  his  work,  and  ex 
hibited  in  New  York.  Brooklyn,  and  Chicago  ;  in 
the  Royal  Academy  and  Grosvenor  Gallery,  Lon 
don,  and  in  the  Salons  of  Paris  and  Antwerp. 
His  paintings  include:  Evening  (1874);  Dawn 
(1874);  Studio  of  Corot  (1877);  Under  the  Oaks 
(1880);  The  Wold  of  Kent,  England  (1884);  The 
Cradle  of  the  Hudson  (1885);  The  Close  of  Day 
(188G);  .4  Mountain  Path  (1887). 

MINOR,  Virginia  Louisa,  reformer,  was  born  in 
Gooehland  county,  Va.,  March  27,  1824;  daugh 
ter  of  Warner  Minor,  and  a  descendant  of  Capt. 
Doodes  Maindort,  the  immigrant,  1673,  who 
adopted  the  name  of  Minor.  She  was  a  student  at 
the  Academy  for  Young  Ladies,  Charlottesville, 
Va.  In  1843  she  was  married  to  her  kinsman, 
Francis  Minor,  and  after  1846  made  her  home  in 
St.  Louis,  Mo.  She  rendered  valuable  assistance 
to  the  wounded  soldiers  during  the  civil  war,  and 
in  1866  was  prominent  in  promoting  the  woman 
suffrage  movement  in  Missouri,  organizing  the 
Woman  Suffrage  association  in  18G6.  In  1872  she 


brought  the  question  before  the  federal  courts, 
on  the  ground  that  suffrage  was  the  right  and 
not  the  mere  privilege  of  women.  The  U.S. 
supreme  court  decided  the  case  against  her. 

MINOR,  William  Thomas,  governor  of  Con 
necticut,  was  born  in  Stamford,  Conn.,  Oct.  3, 
1815  ;  son  of  Simeon  H.  Minor,  and  a  descendant 
of  Thomas  Minor,  who  came  from  England,  1646, 
and  settled  at  Pequot,  near  Stonington,  Conn. 
He  was  graduated  from  Yale 
in  1834 ;  taught  school  at 
Stamford,  1834-41  ;  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in  1841,  and 
practised  in  Stamford,  1841- 
68.  He  was  a  representative 
in  the  state  legislature,  1846- 
54,  state  senator,  1854-55,  and 
was  nominated  for  governor  of  the  state  on  the  Na 
tive  American  ticket  in  1856.  As  there  was  no  pop 
ular  election  he  was  chosen  governor  by  the  legis 
lature  and  served  1856-58.  He  was  U.S.  consul- 
general  at  Havana,  Cuba,  1864-67,  and  while 
there  secured  the  detention  of  the  Confederate 
ram  StonewallJackson,  Capt.  T.  J.  Page,  until  he 
had  communicated  with  his  government.  He 
was  judge  of  the  superior  court  of  Connecticut, 
1868-73.  The  honorary  degree  of  LL.D.  was  con 
ferred  on  him  by  Wesleyan  university  in  1855. 
He  was  married  in  1849,  to  Mary  C.,  daughter  of 
John  W.  Leeds  of  Stamford,  and  his  son  Charles 
W.  Minor  was  elected  a  representative  in  the  Con 
necticut  legislature  in  1882.  Governor  Minor  died 
at  Stamford,  Conn.,  Oct.  13.  1889. 

MINOT,  Charles,  pioneer  railroad  manager, 
was  born  in  Haverhill,  Mass.,  Aug.  30,  1810.  He 
was  graduated  at  Harvard,  A.B.,  1828,  A.M., 
1831,  and  practised  law  in  Boston,  1831-41.  He 
was  superintendent  of  the  Boston  and  Maine  rail 
road,  1841  ;  of  the  Erie,  1842-54  ;  of  the  Michigan 
Southern,  1854-59  ;  of  the  Erie,  1859-64,  and  its 
consulting  manager,  1864-66.  He  instructed  the 
builders  of  the  chief  railroads  of  the  United  States. 
He  died  in  Somerville,  Mass.,  Dec.  10,  1866. 

MINOT,  Charles  Sedgwick,  biologist,  was 
born  in  West  Roxbury,  Mass.,  Dec.  23,  1852;  son 
of  William  and  Katherine  (Sedgwick)  Minot  ; 
grandson  of  William  Minot,  and  a  descendant  of 
George  Minot,  one  of  the  founders  of  Dorchester, 
Mass.  He  was  graduated  in  chemistry  from  the 
Massachusetts  Institute  of  Technology,  S.B.,  1872, 
and  studied  biology  in  Leipzig,  Paris,  Wiirzburg 
and  at  Harvard,  where  he  took  the  degree  of 
S.I),  in  1878.  He  was  lecturer  on  oral  path 
ology  and  surgery  at  Harvard  Dental  school, 
1880-83  ;  and  was  lecturer  on  embryology  at 
the  Harvard  Medical  school,  1880-83  ;  instructor 
in  histology  and  embryology,  1883-87  ;  assistant 
professor,  1887-92,  and  professor  from  1892.  He 
was  made  a  fellow  of  the  Harvard  Medical  school 


[500] 


MINOT 


MITCHEL 


in  1880  ;  was  active  in  the  founding  of  the  Amer 
ican  Society  for  Physical  Research  ;  and  in  1887 
he  invented  one  form  and  in  1896  a  second  form 
of  microtome,  both  of  which  make  sections  auto 
matically  for  microscopic  study.  He  was  mar 
ried,  June  1,  1889,  to  Lucy,  daughter  of  David 
Fosdick  of  Groton,  Mass.  He  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  American  Academy  of  Arts  and 
Sciences,  and  a  member  of  the  New  York  Academy 
of  Sciences,  the  Philadelphia  Academy  of  Arts  and 
Sciences,  the  National  Academy  of  Science,  the 
Anatomischen  Gesellschaft,  the  British  Associa 
tion  for  the  Advancement  of  Science,  the  Biolog 
ical  Society  of  Paris,  and  the  Academy  of  Sci 
ences  in  Turin  ;  was  elected  general-secretary  of 
the  American  Association  for  the  Advancement  of 
Science  in  1885,  vice-president  of  its  biological  sec 
tion  in  1890,  and  president  in  1901  ;  president  of 
the  American  Society  of  Naturalists  in  1894,  and 
was  an  original  trustee  of  the  marine  biological 
laboratory  at  Wood's  Holl.  The  honorary  degree 
of  LL.D.  was  conferred  upon  him  by  Yale  in  1894. 
He  is  the  author  of  :  Human  Embryology  (1892); 
Bibliography  of  Vertebrate  Embryology  (1893), 
and  numerous  carefully  prepared  papers  on  bio 
logical  subjects. 

MINOT,  George  Richards,  jurist,  was  born  in 
Boston,  Mass.,  Dec.  22,  1758  ;  son  of  Stephen 
Minot.  a  prominent  merchant  of  Boston.  He 
was  prepared  for  college  by  John  Lowell ;  gradu 
ated  from  Harvard,  A.B.,  1778,  A.M.,  1781;  and 
practised  law  in  Boston.  He  was  married  to 
Mary  Speakman  of  Marlboro,  Mass.  He  was 
clerk  of  the  Massachusetts  house  of  representa 
tives,  1781-92  ;  probate  judge  for  the  county  of 
Suffolk.  1792  99,  meantime  serving  as  secretary 
of  the  convention  that  framed  the  constitution  of 
the  United  States.  lie  was  appointed  chief  jus 
tice  of  the  court  of  common  pleas  in  1799  and 
judge  of  the  municipal  court  of  Boston  upon  its 
establishment  in  1800,  serving  until  1802.  He 
was  a  ruling  elder  in  the  First  Church,  Boston  ;  a 
founder  of  the  Massachusetts  Historical  society, 
and  a  fellow  of  the  American  Academy  of  Arts 
and  Sciences.  He  edited  three  volumes  of  the 
"Collections"  of  the  Massachusetts  Historical  so 
ciety,  and  delivered  many  addresses,  including  an 
oration  on  the  anniversary  of  the  Boston  massacre, 
on  March  5,  1782  ;  an  address  to  the  Charitable 
Free  society,  in  1795,  and  a  eulogy  on  Washington 
in  1800.  Besides  his  addresses  published  in 
pamphlet  form  and  numerous  articles  in  newspa 
pers  and  magazines  he  is  the  author  of  :  History  of 
the  Insurrection  in  Massachusetts  in  1780  (1786). 
and  a  Continuation  of  Hntehinson's  History  of 
Massachusetts  Bay  from  the  year  174S,  with  an 
Introductory  Sketch  of  Erects  from  its  Original 
Settlement  (2  vols.,  1798  and  1803).  He  died  in 
Boston,  Mass.,  Jan.  2,  1802. 


MINTON,  Henry  Collin,  clergyman,  was  born 
at  Prosperity,  Washington  county,  Pa.,  May  8, 
1855 ;  son  of  Matthias  and  Margaret  (Hanna) 
Minton,  and  grandson  of  Matthias  and  Sarah 
(Lindley)  Minton,  and  of  John  Vance  and  Lydia 
(McCollum)  Hanna.  His  ancestor,  Thomas  Hanna, 
immigrated  to  America  in  1764,  and  settled 
in  southwestern  Pennsylvania,  where  he  left  two 
sons,  Robert  and  Thomas  ;  Robert  was  the  great 
grandfather  of  Marcus  A.  Hanna  (q.v.)  and 
Thomas,  the  ancestor  of  Henry  Collin  Minton. 
He  attended  the  private  normal  school  at  Clays- 
ville,  Pa.,  was  graduated  from  Washington  and 
Jefferson  college,  A.B.,  1879,  A.M.,  1882,  and 
from  the  Western  Theological  seminary  in  1882  ; 
was  pastor  of  the  First  Presbyterian  church  at 
Duluth,  Minn.,  1882-83;  and  pastor  elect  of  the 
Second  Presbyterian  church  at  Baltimore,  Md., 
in  1883,  but  resigned  on  account  of  failing  health 
and  removed  to  San  Jose,  Cal.,  where  he  was 
pastor  of  the  First  Presbyterian  church,  1884-91. 
He  was  elected  Stuart  professor  of  theology  at 
the  San  Francisco  Theological  seminary  in  1891. 
He  travelled  extensively  in  1888-89,  and  in  1896 
he  read  a  paper  before  the  Presbyterian  ecumeni 
cal  council  in  Glasgow,  Scotland.  He  declined 
the  presidency  of  Centre  college,  Ky.,  in  1897. 
He  was  married  Feb.  4,  1891,  to  Claire  Louise, 
daughter  of  the  Rev.  Dr.  Henry  Augustus  Smith 
of  Philadelphia.  The  honorary  degree  of  D.D. 
was  conferred  on  him  by  Washington  and  Jeffer 
son  college  in  1892.  He  was  moderator  of  the 
general  assembly  of  the  Presbyterian  church  in 
the  U.S.A.  in  Philadelphia,  1901  ;  chairman  of 
the  creed  revision  committee  of  the  Presbyterian 
church,  1901,  and  lecturer  on  the  L.  P.  Stone 
foundation  in  Princeton  Theological  seminary  for 
1901.  He  is  the  author  of  Christianity  Super 
natural  (1900),  and  of  numerous  addresses  and 
lectures. 

MITCHEL,  Charles  Burton,  senator,  was  born 
in  Gallatin,  Tenn.,  Sept.  19,  1815.  He  was  grad 
uated  from  the  University  of  Nashville,  in  1833, 
and  from  the  Jefferson  Medical  college,  in  1835. 
He  practised  in  Washington,  Ark.,  1835-60  ;  was 
a  representative  in  the  state  legislature,  1848-52  ; 
receiver  of  public  money  at  Washington,  Ark., 
1852-56,  and  in  1860  was  elected  U.S.  senator  from 
Arkansas,  but  upon  the  secession  of  his  adopted 
state  he  returned  home  and  was  expelled  from 
the  senate,  June  11,  1861.  He  was  elected  a  C.S. 
senator  in  1861,  and  served  until  his  death,  which 
occurred  in  Washington,  Ark.,  Sept.  29,  1864. 

MITCHEL,  Ormsby  McKnight,  soldier,  was 
born  in  Morgansfield.  Ky.,  July  28,  1809.  He  at 
tended  the  public  schools  of  Lebanon,- Ohio,  and 
served  as  a  clerk  in  a  store  at  Miami,  Ohio,  1822- 
25.  He  was  graduated  from  the  U.S.  Military 
academy,  and  promoted  brevet  2d  lieutenant, 


[501] 


MITCHEL 


MITCHELL 


and  2d  lieutenant  of  3d  artillery,  July  1,  1829. 
He  served  as  assistant  professor  of  mathematics 
at  the  U.S.  Military  academy  1829-31  ;  was  on 
garrison  duty  at  Fort  Marion,  St.  Augustine, 
Fla.,  1831-32,  and  resigned  his  commission,  Sept. 

30,  1832.  He  remov 
ed  to  Cincinnati, 
Ohio,  where  he  was 
admitted  to  the  bar 
and  practised  1832- 
34.  He  was  chief 
engineer  of  the  Lit 
tle  Miami  railroad, 
1836-37,  and  was  pro 
fessor  of  mathema 
tics,  astronomy  and 
philosophy  at  Cin 
cinnati  college,  1834- 
44.  He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  board  of 
visitors  to  the  U.S. 
Military  academy  in 
1841  ;  lectured  on  astronomy  in  the  principal  cities 
of  the  United  States,  1842-48,  and  founded  and  was 
director  of  the  Mitchel  observatory  at  Cincinnati, 
1845-59.  He  raised  nearly  all  the  money  for  the 
erection  of  the  observatory  and  in  1842  he  went 
to  Europe  to  purchase  the  astronomical  apparatus. 
The  corner  stone  of  the  pier  for  the  great  tele 
scope  was  laid  in  1843  by  John  Quincy  Adams. 
He  was  adjutant-general  of  the  state  of  Ohio, 
1841-48  •  chief  engineer  of  the  Ohio  and  Missis 
sippi  railroad,  1848-49  and  1852-53,  and  a  director 
of  the  Dudley  observatory,  Albany,  N.Y..  1859- 
61.  He  was  commissioned  brigadier-general  of 
volunteers,  Avig.  9,  1861,  and  commanded  the 
Department  of  the  Ohio,  Sept.  19  to  Nov.  13.  1861. 
He  was  engaged  in  the  Tennessee  and  North 
Alabama  campaign  with  the  Army  of  Ohio  under 
General  Buell,  1861-62  :  took  part  in  the  occupa 
tion  of  Bowling  Green.  Ky.,  and  Nashville,  Tenn., 
the  march  to  Huntsville,  Ala.,  Feb.-April,  1862, 
and  in  the  action  near  Bridgeport,  Ala.,  April 
30,  1862.  He  was  promoted  major-general  of 
volunteers,  April  11,  1862,  and  took  possession 
of  the  railroad  from  Decatur  to  Stephenson  by 
means  of  the  famous  locomotive  chase  by  which 
the  control  of  Northern  Alabama  was  secured  to 
the  Federal  authorities.  On  account  of  a  dispute 
with  his  superior  officer,  General  Buell.  he 
tendered  his  resignation  to  the  secretary  of  war, 
and  was  transferred  to  the  command  of  the  De 
partment  of  the  Soutli,  and  of  the  10th  army  corps, 
operating  in  South  Carolina,  on  Sept.  17,  1862. 
The  honorary  degree  of  A.M.  was  conferred  on  him 
by  Harvard  in  1851,  and  that  of  LL.D.  by  Wash 
ington  college,  Pa.,  in  1853.  and  by  Hamilton, 
N.Y. ,  in  1S56.  He  was  a  fellow  of  the  American 
Academy  of  Arts  and  Sciences  ;  a  member  of  the 


American  Philosophical  society,  and  an  associate 
member  of  the  Royal  Astronomical  society  of 
London.  He  edited  and  published  the  Sidereal 
Messenyer,  1846-48  ;  invented  in  1848  a  chrono 
graph  for  automatically  measuring  and  recording 
right  ascensions  by  an  electro-magnetic  mechan 
ism,  and  in  1849  he  invented  an  apparatus  for 
the  correct  measurement  of  great  differences  of 
declination.  He  edited  a  revised  edition  of 
Elijah  H.  Burritt's  "  Geography  of  the  Heavens,'' 
and  is  the  author  of  :  The  Planetary  and  Stellar 
Worlds  (1848)  ;  The  Orbs  of  Heaven  (1851)  ;  A  Con 
cise  Elementary  Treatise  of  tlte  Sun,  Phaiets, 
Satellites  and  Comets  (1860)  :  and  The  Astronomy 
of  the  Bible  (1863).  He  died  of  yellow  fever  at 
Hilton  Head,  S.C.,  Oct.  30.  1863. 

flLTCHELL,  Alexander,  representative,  was 
born  in  Aberdeenshire,  Scotland,  Oct.  18.  1817  ; 
son  of  John  Mitchell,  a  farmer  of  Aberdeenshire. 
He  received  a  commercial  education,  studied  law, 
and  entered  a  banking  house  in  Peterhead.  In 
1839  he  came  to  America  as  secretary  of  the 
newly  organized  Wisconsin  Marine  and  Fire  In 
surance  company,  Milwaukee.  The  company  did 
a  large  banking  business  and  in  1858  was  reorgan 
ized  into  a  state  bank.  During  the  financial 
panic  of  1861  Mr.  Mitchell  saved  many  of  the 
Western  banks  from  ruin.  He  was  elected  the 
first  commissioner  of  the  Milwaukee  debt  com 
mission.  Upon  the  consolidation  of  the  several 
railroad  lines  centering  around  Milwaukee  into 
the  Milwaukee  and  St.  Paul  railway  company,  lie 
was  made  president,  and  he  was  also  president  of 
the  Chicago  and  Northwestern  railway  com 
pany,  1869-70,  and  of  the  Western  Union  railroad 
compan)'.  He  was  a  Democratic  representative 
in  the  42d  and  43d  congresses.  1871-75.  His  be 
quests  to  hospitals  and  charitable  organizations, 
both  Protestant  and  Catholic,  aggregated  $50,000. 
He  died  in  New  York  city,  April  19,  1887. 

MITCHELL,  Charles  Le  Mdyne,  representa 
tive,  was  born  in  New  Haven,  Conn.,  Aug.  6, 
1844  ;  son  of  Edward  A.  and  -  -  (Fitch) 
Mitchell.  He  was  graduated  at  Cheshire  acad 
emy  in  1863.  He  traveled  in  Europe,  Asia,  and 
Africa,  1863-66,  and  in  1866  entered  the  manu 
facturing  firm  of  the  Winchester  Repeating  Arms 
company  at  New  Haven  as  a  director,  and  also 
became  a  director  of  the  Meriden  Britannia  com 
pany  at  Meriden,  Conn.,  and  of  the  Tradesmen's 
National  Bank,  New  York  city.  He  represented 
East  Haven  in  the  state  legislature  in  1878  ;  was 
the  unsuccessful  Democratic  candidate  for  U.S. 
senator  in  1879  ;  and  a  Democratic  representative 
from  the  second  Connecticut  district  in  the  48th 
and  49th  congresses,  1883-87.  He  removed  to 
New  York  in  1887,  and  became  president  of  the 
Mitchell,  Vance  &  Co.  corporation.  He  died  in 
New  York  city,  March  1,  1890. 


[502] 


MITCHELL 


MITCHELL 


MITCHELL,  David  Bradie,  governor  of  Geor 
gia,  was  born  in  Scotland,  Oct.  22,  1766.  His 
uncle.  Dr.  David  Bradie  of  Savannah,  Ga.,  was 
taken  prisoner  by  the  British  at  the  capture  of 
Savannah,  1778.  and  died  while  confined  on  the 
prison  ship.  He  was  made  his  uncle's  heir  under 
his  will  and  took  possession  of  the  property  in 
Savannah  in  1783,  when  only  seventeen  years  of 
age.  He  studied  law  under  Gov.  William  Ste 
phens  :  was  clerk  of  the  committee  to  revise  the 
criminal  code  :  solicitor-general  of  the  state,  1795- 
9ii  ;  a  representative  from  Savannah  in  the  Geor 
gia  legislature  in  179(5  :  major-general  of  militia, 
1S04-(K).  and  governor  of  the  state,  1809-11  and 
1815-17.  He  resigned  in  1817  to  accept  the  ap 
pointment  from  President  Monroe  of  agent  to  the 
Creek  Indians,  and  on  Jan.  22,  1818.  he  concluded 
a  treaty  at  the  Creek  agency.  The  state  legisla 
ture  placed  a  memorial  slab  in  the  state  capitol. 
and  subsequently  named  a  county  in  his  honor. 
He  died  at  Milledgeville,  Ga..  April  22,  1837. 

MITCHELL,  Donald  Grant,  author,  was  born 
in  Norwich.  Conn.,  April  12.  18,2:  son  of  Alfred 
and  Lucretia  (Woodbridge)  Mitchell,  and  grand 
son  of  the  Hon.  Stephen  Mi*  Mitchell.  His 
father  (born  1790,  died  1S31).  was  graduated 
from  Yale  in  180'.),  and  was  a  Congregational 
minister  in  Norwich.  Conn.  Donald  attended 

the   academy   at  Ell- 
tQs^*  ington,    Conn.,    kept 

^•^^  by  Judge  John   Hall, 

nfc^.  and     was    graduated 

from  Yale  in  1841. 
He  was  editor  of 
the  Y<tlc  Literary 
Magazine,  and  was 
elected  to  deliver 
the  farewell  class  ad 
dress.  His  health  be 
ing  feeble,  he  worked 
on  the  (so-called) 
Woodbridge  farm  of 
his  maternal  grand 
father,  in  Salem, 
Conn.,  1841-44,  and 

thus  acquire  1  a  taste  for  agriculture.  He  won  a 
silver  me.lal  from  the  New  York  Agricultural 
society  for  plans  of  farm  buildings,  and  subse 
quently  became  connected  with  the  Albany  Cul 
tivator  (now  the  Country  Gentleman],  as  foreign 
correspondent.  He  spent  two  years  (1844-46)  in 
travel  on  the  continent  and  in  England,  gather 
ing  material  for  his  first  book.  "  Fresh  Glean 
ings."  Returning  to  America  in  the  latter  part 
of  1846.  he  spent  some  months  in  travel  through 
the  Southern  states  and  in  Washington.  In  the 
winter  of  1847-48  he  entered  upon  the  study  of 
law  in  a  New  York  office,  but  unable  to  bear 
the  confinement  involved,  he  sailed  again  for 


Europe  shortly  after  the  outbreak  of  the  revolu 
tion  of  1848  ;  his  second  book,  "The  Battle  Sum 
mer,"  relates  to  this  period.  In  1849-50  he  pub 
lished,  anonymously,  "  The  Lorgnette  " — a  book 
of  social  studies  in  satirical  vein.  In  May,  1853, 
he  was  appointed  by  President  Pierce,  U.S.  consul 
at  Venice,  and  before  leaving  for  his  post  he 
married,  May  81,  1853,  Mary  F..  daughter  of 
William  B.  Pringle  of  Charleston,  S.C.  On  their 
return  in  1855  they  established  a  home  on  a  farm 
near  New  Haven,  which  they  called  "  Edge- 
wood,"  and  where  Mrs.  Mitchell  died  Dec.  5.  1901. 
Mr.  Mitchell  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
council  of  Yale  art  school  in  1865  ;  was  judge  of 
industrial  art  at  the  Centennial  exhibition  of 
1876,  and  U.S.  commissioner  to  the  Paris  exhibi 
tion  of  1878.  He  was  lecturer  on  English  litera 
ture  at  Yale  university,  1884-85,  and  the  honorary 
degree  of  LL.D.  was  conferred  on  him  by  that 
institution  in  1878.  He  edited,  in  connection 
with  Dr.  Holmes,  the  Atlantic  Almanac  in  Boston, 
1868-69,  and  later  was  connected  editorially  with 
the  Hearth  and  Home  in  New  York.  He  is  the 
author  of :  Fresh  Gleanings,  or  a  New  Sheaf  from 
the  Old  Field  of  Continental  Europe  (1847);  The 
Battle- Summer  (1849):  The  Lorgnette,  or  Studies 
of  the.  Jon-n  b>/  an  O/>er«  Goer  (2  vols. ,  1850); 
The  Rereries  of  a  Bachelor  (1850)— the  first 
chapter  having  been  originally  published  in  the 
Southern  Literary  Mesxenyer  under  the  title,  ^4 
Bachelors  Rererie  (1849);—  Dream  Life  (ISrA); 
My  Farm  of  Edgeu-ood  (1863);  Seven  Stories  icith 
Basement  and  Attic  (1864);  Wet  Days  at  Edge 
u-ood  (1865):  Dr.  Johns:  Being  a  Narrative  of 
Certain  Events  in  the  Life  of  a  Congregational 
Minister  of  Connecticut  (1866);  Rural  Studies 
(1867);  About  Old  Story  Tellers  (1877);  Bound 
Together,  which  includes  Titian  and  His  Times,  a. 
lecture  delivered  before  Yale  Art  school  (1884) ; 
English  Lands,  Letters  and  Kings  (4  vols.,  1897); 
and  American  Lands  and  Letters  (2  vols.,  1897- 
99).  He  also  compiled  with  his  brother  Louis  an 
elaborate  genealogy  of  the  Woodbridge  Family 
(1883),  and  Daniel  Tyler,  a  memorial  volume 
( 1883) .  Many  of  his  earlier  books  were  published 
under  the  pen  name  '•  Ik  Marvel." 

MITCHELL,  Edward  Cushing,  educator,  was 
born  in  East  Bridgewater.  Mass.,  Sept.  20,  1829  ; 
son  of  SylvanusE.  and  Lucia  (Whitman)  Mitchell, 
and  grandson  of  Judge  Nahum  Mitchell  and  of 
Judge  Ezekiel  Whitman.  He  attended  Yarmouth 
academy.  Maine,  and  was  graduated  from  Water- 
ville  college  in  1849:  from  the  Newton  Theological 
institution  in  1853.  and  was  resident  graduate, 
1853-54.  He  was  ordained  to  the  Baptist  min 
istry,  July  13.  1854  :  was  pastor  at  Calais,  Maine, 
1854-56  :  at  Brockport.  N.Y.,  1857-58,  and  at 
Rockford,  111.,  1858-63.  He  was  professor  of 


[503] 


MITCHELL 


MITCHELL 


biblical  interpretation,  theological  department, 
Shurtleff  college,  Alton,  III.,  1863-70,  and  of 
Hebrew  and  Old  Testament  literature  after  the 
schools  became  the  Baptist  Union  Theological 
seminary,  Chicago,  III.,  1870-76.  He  was  pro 
fessor  of  Hebrew  at  Regent's  Park  college,  Lon 
don,  England,  1876-77  ;  president  of  the  Baptist 
Theological  school  at  Paris,  France,  1878-82,  and 
president  pro  tempore  of  Roger  Williams  univer 
sity,  at  Nashville,  Tenii.,  1884-85.  In  the  winter 
of  1883-84  he  reorganized  the  colored  schools  of 
the  south  under  the  American  Home  Missionary 
society,  and  in  1887  he  was  president  of  Leland 
university,  New  Orleans,  La.,  1887-1900.  He  was 
married  first  in  1834  to  Maria,  daughter  of 
Sendel  and  Eliza  Morton  of  Middleboro,  Mass.  ; 
she  died  in  February,  1888,  and  he  was  married 
secondly  in  1890,  to  Marcia  Savage  of  Bath, 
N.Y.  He  received  from  Colby  the  degree  of 
A.M.  in  1863,  and  that  of  D.D.  in  1870.  He  de 
livered  a  course  of  lectures  on  "  Biblical  Science 
and  Modern  Discovery,"  before  the  Lowell  Insti 
tute,  Boston,  in  1883,  and  also  lectured  before 
the  Hebrew  school,  Morgan  Park,  111.,  in  Wor 
cester,  Mass.,  and  in  Brooklyn.  N.Y.,  1884-83. 
He  edited  :  The  Present  Age,  Chicago,  111.,  1883- 
84  ;  B3njamin  Davies's  Hebrew  Lexicon  (1880), 
and  Mitchell's  edition  of  Gesenius's  Hebrew 
Grammar  (1883).  He  is  the  author  of  Guide 
to  the  Authenticity,  Canon  and  Text  of  the 
Niw  Testament  (1881);  Les  Sources  du  Nouveau 
Testament  (Paris,  1882),  and  an  Elementary 
Hebrew  Grammar  and  Reading  Book  (1884).  He 
died  in  New  Orleans,  La.,  March  2,  1900. 

MITCHELL,  EHsha,  educator,  was  born  in 
Washington,  Conn.,  Aug.  19,  1793  ;  son  of  Abner 
and  Phoebe  (Eliot)  Mitchell,  and  great-grandson 
of  the  Rev.  Jared  Eliot  (q.v.) .  He  was  graduated 
from  Yale,  A.B.,  1813,  A.M.,  1816  ;  taught  school 
on  Long  Island,  1813-16  ;  was  tutor  at  Yale, 
1816-17  ;  studied  at  Andover  Theological  sem 
inary,  1818,  and  was  licensed  to  preach.  He  was 
professor  of  mathematics  and  natural  philosophy 
at  the  University  of  North  Carolina,  1817-25  ; 
professor  of  chemistry,  geology  and  mineralogy, 
1825-27,  and  chairman  of  the  faculty,  1833-36. 
He  was  ordained  by  the  Presbytery  of  Hills- 
borough,  N.C.,  in  August,  1821,  and  combined 
thi»  work  of  the  ministry  with  that  of  his  profes 
sorship.  H3  was  state  surveyor  for  many  years, 
and  in  that  capacity  visited  and  made  observa 
tions  of  the  various  sections  of  North  Carolina. 
He  determined  that  the  highest  mountains  in 
the  United  States  east  of  the  Rocky  Mountains 
are  those  of  the  Appalachian  range,  in  North 
Carolina,  and  that  the  highest  peak  is  Black 
Doms.  While  endeavoring  to  find  the  exact  alti 
tude  of  this  peak  he  lost  his  life  by  falling  over  a 
precipice,  some  forty  feet,  into  a  pool  of  water. 


His  remains  were  taken  to  Asheville  for  burial, 
but  in  response  to  the  wishes  of  the  mountaineers 
they  were  buried  on  the  highest  point  of  Black 
Dome  mountain  in  1858,  Bishop  Otey  of  Tennessee 
pronouncing  the  funeral  oration.     The  peak  was 
subsequently    named 
Mitchell's    Peak,     in 
his  honor,     and     the 
Ehsha  Mitchell  Scien 
tific    Society    of    the 
University   of   North 
Carolina   was    estab 
lished  to  his  memory. 
The   honorary  degree 
of   D.D.  was   confer 
red   on    him   by    the 
University     of     Ala 
bama   in    1838.       He 
contributed         many 
monographs    on    the 
subjects   of  mineralo 
gy,  botany  and  chem 
istry  to  the  American  Journal  of  Science,    and 
is  the  author  of  Report  on  the  Geology  of  North 
Carolina    (1826-27);    The  Elements    of    Geology 
(1842);  Manual  of  Chemistry.     The   date  of   his 
death  is  June  (probably  27),  1857. 

MITCHELL,  George  Edward,  soldier  and 
representative,  was  born  in  Cecil  county,  Md., 
March  3,  1781  ;  son  of  Dr.  Abraham  and 
Mary  (Thompson)  Mitchell,  and  grandson  of  Dr. 
Ephraim  Thompson  of  Maryland.  Dr.  Abraham 
Mitchell  was  a  native  of  Lancaster  county,  Pa.  ; 
settled  previous  to  1767  at  Elkton.  Cecil  county, 
Ind.  ;  practised  medicine  there,  and  during  the 
Revolutionary  war  converted  his  house  into  a  hos 
pital  for  the  Continental  soldiers.  George  studied 
medicine  under  his  father  and  at  the  medical 
department  of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania, 
where  he  graduated  June  5,  1805.  He  practised 
with  his  father  at  Elkton,  1806-12  ;  was  repre 
sentative  in  the  state  assembly,  1808,  and  a 
member  of  the  executive  council  of  Gov.  Edward 
Lloyd,  1809-12.  He  raised  a  company  of  volun 
teers  in  Cecil  county,  1812  ;  was  appointed 
major  of  the  3d  U.S.  artillery,  May  1  ;  was  at 
Camp  Albany,  N.Y.,  May  to  November,  1812, 
and  in  command  of  Sacket  Harbor,  1812-13. 
He  was  promoted  lieutenant-colonel,  March  3, 
1813  ;  took  part  in  the  Canada  campaign,  and  com 
manded  Fort  Niagara  during  the  latter  part  of 
1813.  He  commanded  the  rear-guard  of  the  sec 
ond  division  of  the  Northern  army  while  on  its 
march  from  French  Mills  to  Sacket  Harbor, 
in  February,  1814,  and  the  fortifications  at 
Oswego,  N.Y.,  April  to  May,  1814,  and  on  May 
5  and  6  boldly  defended  Oswego  from  the  Brit 
ish,  but  was  finally  forced  to  retreat.  He  re 
ceived  the  thanks  of  his  superior  officer  for  his. 


[5041 


MITCHELL 


MITCHELL 


bravery  at  Oswego,  was  brevetted  colonel  U.S.A. 
in  August,  1814,  and  succeeded  General  Gaines 
to  the  command  of  the  Army  of  the  Centre. 
The  legislature  of  Maryland  complimented  his 
bravery  and  the  governor  presented  him  with  a 
sword.  He  was  married  May  28,  1816,  to  Mary, 
daughter  of  Samuel  and  Ann  (Conway)  Hooper 
of  Dorchester  county,  Md.  He  succeeded  Gen 
eral  Scott  in  command  of  the  Fourth  Military 
department,  and  on  June  1,  1831,'  resigned  his 
commission  and  returned  to  his  home  in  Cecil 
county,  Md.  He  was  a  representative  in  the  18th, 
19th,  21st  and  23d  congresses,  1823-27,  1839-32, 
and  during  Lafayette's  visit  to  America,  1824,  he 
was  chairman  of  the  congressional  committee 
appointed  to  introduce  the  honored  guest  to  the 
representatives  of  the  people.  He  died  in  Wash 
ington,  B.C.,  June  28.  1833. 

MITCHELL,  George  Washington,  educator, 
was  born  in  Lexington,  Mo.,  July  26.  1842.  He 
attended  the  public  and  private  schools  of  Lex 
ington,  and  was  ordained  to  the  Christian  Union 
ministry  in  1878.  He  was  married  in  1864  to 
Josephine  Harris  of  Ray  county,  Mo.  He  was 
pastor  of  the  Christian  Union  church  at  Holt, 
Mo.,  1878-98,  and  was  elected  president  of  Chris 
tian  Union  college,  Grand  Union,  Mo.  The  hon 
orary  degree  of  D.D.  was  conferred  on  him  by 
the  Christian  Union  college  in  1894.  He  edited 
Light  and  Truth,  a  religious  and  educational 
journal. 

MITCHELL,  Henry,  hydrologist,  was  born  in 
Nantucket,  Mass.,  Sept.  16,  1830  ;  son  of  William 
and  Lydia  (Coleman)  Mitchell.  He  attended 
private  schools  and  early  devoted  himself  to  the 
study  of  physics.  He  received  an  appoint 
ment  on  the  U.S.  coast  survey  in  1849.  and  was 
first  employed  in  connection  witli  the  primary 
triangulation  of  New  England  ;  subsequently  he 
was  assigned  to  duty  on  the  tides  and  currents 
of  the  Atlantic  and  Gulf  coasts.  He  was  assistant 
to  the  commissioners  on  harbor  encroachments  at 
New  York,  1859  ;  consulting  engineer  and  mem 
ber  of  the  U.S.  advisory  council  for  Boston 
harbor,  1860-67  ;  for  Portland  harbor,  1878  ;  Provi 
dence,  R.I.,  1877  ;  for  Norfolk  and  Portsmouth, 
Va.,  1876-80,  and  the  harbor  of  Philadelphia,  Pa., 
1880-85.  In  1874  lie  represented  the  coast  and 
geodetic  survey  in  the  board  of  engineers  for  the 
improvement  of  the  mouth  of  the  Mississippi 
river,  and  after  the  jetties  at  the  South  Pass  were 
decided  upon  he  served  gratuitously  on  the  Eads 
advisory  board.  He  was  subsequently  appointed 
by  the  President  a  member  of  the  Mississippi 
River  commission,  representing  the  coast  and 
geodetic  survey,  and  served  for  nine  years.  In 
1888  he  was  sent  abroad  by  the  coast  and  geodetic 
survey,  and  before  his  return  he  made  an  inspec 
tion  of  the  Suez  canal,  under  authority  from  and 

[505] 


at  the  expense  of  M.  de  Lesseps.  He  was  ap 
pointed  one  of  the  professors  of  the  Agassiz  field 
school  at  its  foundation,  but  could  not  serve 
practically.  In  1869  lie  was  appointed  professor 
of  physical  hydrography  at  the  Massachusetts  In 
stitute  of  Technology,  and  served  for  a  brief 
period.  The  honorary  degree  of  A.M.  was  con 
ferred  on  him  by  Harvard  in  1867.  He  was 
elected  a  fellow  of  the  American  Academy  of 
Arts  and  Sciences,  1863  ;  a  member  of  theAmeri- 
can  Society  of  Civil  Engineers,  1870,  and  a  member 
of  the  National  Academy  of  Sciences,  1885.  He  is 
the  author  of  -.Reclamation  of  Tide- Lands  and  Its 
Relation  to  Navigation  (1869);  Inspection  of  the 
Terminal  Points  of  the  Proposed  Canal  through 
Nicaragua  and  the  Isthmus  of  Darien  (1874); 
Physical  Survey  of  New  York  Harbor  (187 '6);  Re 
lative  Elevations  of  Land  and  Sea  (1877);  Physi 
cal  Hydrography  of  the  Gulf  of  Maine  (1879);- 
Circulation  of  the  Sea  through  New  York  Harbor 
(1886);  The  Under-Run  of  the  Hudson  (1888). 
He  died  in  Xew  York  city,  Dec.  1,  1902. 

MITCHELL,  Hinckley  Gilbert,  educator,  was 
born  in  Lee,  Oneida  county,  N.Y.,  Feb.  22,  1846  ; 
son  of  James  and  Sarah  Gilbert  (Thomas) 
Mitchell  ;  grandson  of  Milo  and  Ann  (Hinckley) 
Mitchell,  and  of  John  and  Sarah  (Gilbert)  Thomas  ; 
great-grandson  of  Barnabas  Mitchell  of  Con 
necticut,  who  served  as  a  soldier  in  the  Revolu 
tion  and  afterward  became  one  of  the  first  set 
tlers  of  Remson,  N.Y.,  and  a  descendant  of  Ensign 
John,  brother  of  Thomas  Hinckley,  governor  of 
Plymouth  Colony.  His  maternal  grandfather 
was  a  native  of  Nevin,  Wales.  He  attended  Falley 
seminary  at  Fulton,  N.Y.,  and  was  graduated 
from  the  Wesleyan  university  in  1873  and  from 
the  school  of  theology  of  Boston  university  in 
1876.  He  studied  Old  Testament  exegesis  at 
Leipzig  university  1876-79,  receiving  the  de 
gree  of  Ph.D.  He  joined  the  Central  New  York 
conference  of  the  M.E.  church  ;  was  stationed  at 
Fayette,  N.Y.,  1879-80,  and  was  tutor  in  Latin 
and  instructor  in  Hebrew  at  the  Wesleyan  uni 
versity,  1880-83.  He  was  married,  June  29,  1880, 
to  Alice,  daughter  of  Joshua  R.  Stanford  of  Alton, 
111.  He  became  instructor  in  Hebrew  and  Old 
Testament  exegesis  at  Boston  university  in  1883, 
and  professor  of  the  same  in  1884,  when  he  also 
became  secretary  of  the  Society  of  Biblical  Litera 
ture  and  Exegesis  and  editor  of  its' Journal.  He 
was  the  second  (annual)  director  of  the  American 
School  of  Oriental  Study  and  Research  at  Jerusa 
lem,  1901-02.  The  honorary  degree  of  D.D.  was 
conferred  on  him  by  Mt.  Union  college  in  1888 
and  by  Wesleyan  university  in  1901.  He  is  the 
author  of  Final  Constructions  of  Biblical  Hebrew, 
doctor's  dissertation  (1879);  Hebrew  Lessons- 
(1897);  Amos:  an  Essay  in  Exegesis  (1900); 
Isaiah,  a  study  of  Chapters  I-XII  (3d  ed.,  1900)- 


MITCHELL 


MITCHELL 


The  World  before  Abraham  (1901):  also  a  trans 
lation  of  Piepenbring's  work  on  New  Theoloyy 
of  the  Old  Testament  (1889),  and  numerous  ar 
ticles  in  theological  journals. 

MITCHELL,  James  S.,  representative,  was 
horn  at  Rossville,  York  county.  Pa.,  in  1784,  of 
Scotch-Irish  ancestry.  He  was  educated  at  the 
Friends'  meeting-house  school  near  his  home  in 
Warrington  township,  and  was  a  member  of  the 
Society  of  Friends.  He  was  a  Democrat  in  poli 
tics  and  represented  York  county  in  thePennsyl- 
A'ania  legislature,  1812-14,  and  in  the  17th,  18th  and 
19th  congresses,  1821-27.  In  1827  he  removed  to 
Jefferson  county.  Ohio,  and  a  few  years  later  to 
Belleville,  111-,  where  he  died  in  1844. 

MITCHELL,  James  Tyndale,  jurist,  was  born 
in  Belleville,  111.,  Nov.  9.  18:54;  son  of  Edward 
Phillips  and  Elizabeth  (Tyndale)  Mite-hell  :  grand 
son  of  James  and  Ann  G.  (Walton)  Mitchell  ;  and 
a  descendant  of  Edward  Mitchell  who  came  from 
England  to  Charleston,  S.C.,  in  1700.  He  attended 
the  public  schools  of  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  and  Avas 
graduated  from  Harvard  college,  A.B.,  1855, 
A.M..  1858,  and  from  the  law  department  of  the 
University  of  Pennsylvania  in  1857.  He  Avas 
admitted  to  the  bar  at  Philadelphia  in  1857  ; 
served  with  the  emergency  troops  in  1862  and 
1863  ;  Avas  assistant  city  solicitor,  1860-6J3.  and 
editor-in-chief  of  the  American  Law  Reyister, 
1861-87.  He  was  elected  judge  of  the  district 
court  of  Philadelphia  in  1871,  and  under  the  new 
constitution  of  1875  he  was  transferred  to  the 
court  of  common  pleas,  which  office  he  held  till 
1338.  Avhen  he  was  elected  a  justice  of  the  supreme 
court  of  Pennsylvania.  He  Avas  appointed  one  of 
the  three  commissioners  to  report  on  the  acts  of 
the  Colonial  assembly  not  printed  and  to  edit  and 
publish  the  statutes  at  large  from  1681  to  1800. 
He  served  as  president  of  the  council  of  the  His 
torical  Society  of  Pennsylvania,  vice-provost  of 
the  Law  Academy  of  Philadelphia,  a  member  of 
the  American  Philosophical  society,  member  of 
the  Military  Order  of  the  Loyal  Legion,  of 
the  Sons  of  the  Revolution,  and  of  the  Order 
of  the  Cincinnati,  and  president  of  the  Harvard 
club  of  Philadelphia.  The  degree  of  LL.B.  Avas 
conferred  on  him  by  the  University  of  Pennsyl 
vania  in  1860  and  that  of  LL.D.  by  the  Jefferson 
Medical  college.  Pa.,  in  1872,  and  by  Harvard  in 
1901.  He  edited  Williamson  Real  Property  (1872), 
and  is  the  author  of  If  tutor;/  of  the  District  Court 
of  Philadelphia  (1875);  Mitchell  OH  Motions  and 
Rides  (1879);  Reports  on  the  Eirlij  Statutes  of 
Pennsylvania  (1886) ;  Fidelity  to  Court  and  Client 
in  Criminal  Cases,  an  address  before  the  Pennsyl 
vania  State  Bar  Association  (1899),  and  John 
Marshall,  an  address  before  the  Law  Association 
of  Philadelphia  on  the  celebration  of  the  centen 
ary  of  his  installation  aschief  justice,  Feb.  4, 1801. 


MITCHELL,  John  Ames,  author,  was  born  in 
New  York  city,  Jan.  17,  1845;  son  of  Asa  and 
Harriet  (Ames)  Mitchell;  grandson  of  Charles 
Gushing  and  Hannah  (Clift)  Mitchell  and  of 
Oliver  and  Sarah  (Angier)  Ames,  and  a  descend 
ant  of  Experience  Mitchell,  Plymouth,  162:j.  His 
parents  were  natives  of  Plymouth  county,  Mass., 
and  there  his  early  education  was  obtained.  He 
Avas  prepared  for  college  at  Phillips  academy,  Ex 
eter,  N.H.,  and  attended  the  Lawrence  Scientific 
school  at  Harvard,  1864.  He  studied  architecture 
in  the  office  of  Ware  &  Van  Brunt,  Boston,  Mass., 
1855-67,  and  at  the  Ecole  des  B_>aux  Arts,  Paris, 
1867-70,  and  established  himself  as  architect  in 
Boston,  in  1871.  He  went  to  Paris  in  1876  for 
the  purpose  of  studying  art.  and  Avas  a  pupil 
of  Julian,  and  of  Albert  Maignan.  He  exhibited 
at  the  Paris  exposition  in  18^0  and  received 
honorable  mention  for  his  Avork.  He  also  pro 
duced  a  series  of  etchings  entitled  Croqttis  <le 
rE.riMsition  (1879).  He  settled  in  New  York  city 
on  his  return  in  1880.  and  in  January,  188;].  es 
tablished  Life,  an  artistic  and  satirical  illustra 
ted  journal.  He  conducted  its  literary  and  art 
department  from  its  first  issue.  He  Avas  married, 
June  oO,  1885,  to  Mary  Hodges,  daughter  of  John 
Mott  of  Salem,  Mass.  He  is  the  author  of  :  The 
Summer  School  of  PltilosopJii/  at  Ml.  Divert 
(1881);  The  Romance  of  the  Moon  (1886);  The 
Last  American  (1889);  Life's  Fair//  Tales  (189:]); 
Amos  Judd  (1895);  That  First  A  (fair  (1896); 
Gloria  \rictis  ( 1 897 ) ;  The  Pines  of  Lori/  (1901). 

MITCHELL,  John  H.,  senator,  Avas  born  in 
Washington  county,  Pa..  June  22.  18o5  ;  son  of 
John  and  Jemima  Mitchell,  and  grandson  of  John 
Mitchell  of  Scotch-German  ancestry.  His  parents 
moved  to  Butler  coun 
ty  in  ls:!7,  where  he 
attended  a  private 
school  and  the  With- 
erspoon  institute.  He 
was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1856,  and  re 
moving  to  California 
practised  in  San  Luis 
Obispo  and  San  Fran 
cisco  until  1860, 
when  he  went  to 
Portland,  Ore.  lie 
Avas  corporation  at 
torney  for  the  city 
of  Portland,  1861-62. 
At  this  time  there 

was  a  strong  sentiment  in  the  Pacific  states  in 
favor  of  the  establishment  of  a  Pacific  Coast 
Republic.  The  scheme  gained  considerable  head 
way,  and  Mr.  Mitchell's  eloquence  and  influence 
AArere  employed  in  support  of  the  Union.  On  this 
issue  he  Avas  elected  to  the  state  senate  in  1862. 


[500] 


MITCHELL 


MITCHELL 


and  in  1864,  serving  as  chairman  of  the  judi 
ciary  committee  and  the  last  three  terms  as 
presiding  officer  of  the  senate.  He  was  married 
Feb.  25,  1862,  to  Mattie  E.  Price  of  Portland,  Ore. 
He  was  commissioned  lieutenant-colonel  of  the 
Home  Guards  in  1865.  He  was  a  candidate  for  the 
caucus  nomination  for  U.S.  senator  in  1866,  when 
but  thirty-one  years  of  age,  but  was  defeated  in 
tlu  caucus  by  one  vote.  He  was  professor  of 
medical  jurisprudence  in  the  Willamette  univer 
sity,  Salem,  Ore.,  1867-71  ;  was  a  Republican  U.S. 
senator  from  Oregon,  1873-1879,  and  was  defeated 
for  re-election  in  1878,  the  legislature  being 
Democratic.  In  1882  he  was  the  caucus  nominee  of 
his  party  but  was  defeated  by  a  bolt.  He  was  again 
elected  to  the  U.S.  senate  in  1885,  and  re-elected 
in  1891,  serving  continuously,  1885-97.  In  the  cau 
cus  of  the  Republican  members  of  the  legislature, 
Jan.  10,  1897,  there  being  forty-eight  members 
present,  two  more  than  a  majority  of  the  whole 
legislature,  he  was  unanimously  declared  the 
nominee  of  the  Republican  party  for  U.S.  senator 
to  succeed  himself;  twenty-eight  members  of 
the  House,  however,  refused  to  take  the  oath  of  of 
fice  during  the  entire  session,  thus  destroying  a 
quorum  and  preventing  a  vote  for  senator,  and 
also  preventing  the  passage  of  any  appropriation 
or  other  acts  during  the  entire  session.  During  his 
service  of  three  terms  he  was  chairman  at  different 
times  of  the  committees  on  privileges  and  elec 
tions,  claims,  mines  and  mining,  and  transporta 
tion  routes  to  the  seaboard,  and  a  member  of  the 
judiciary,  joint  library  and  other  committees. 
He  succeeded  in  obtaining  appropriations  of  nearly 
$'5,000,000  for  the  construction  of  a  system  of 
canal  and  locks  at  the  Cascades  on  the  Columbia 
ami  secured  the  passage  of  a  bill  through  the 
senate  making  an  appropriation  of  $2,600,000  to 
build  a  ship  railway  at  The  Dalles  of  the  Colum 
bia,  which  failed  in  the  house.  After  March  3, 
1897,  he  continued  his  law  practice  as  counsel  for 
large  railroads  and  other  corporations  in  Port 
land,  Ore.  He  was,  on  Feb.  23,  1901,  elected  for 
the  fourth  timo  to  the  U.S.  senate  for  a  full 
term,  to  succeed  George  W.  McBride,  his  name 
being  first  presented  on  the  fifty-third  ballot, 
when  he  was  elected. 

MITCHELL,  John  Inscho,  senator  and  jurist, 
was  born  in  Tioga  township,  Pa.,  July  28,  1838  ; 
son  of  Thomas  Kinney  and  Elizabeth  Ann  (Roe) 
Mitchell,  and  grandson  of  Richard  and  Ruby 
(Kinney)  Mitchell,  who  removed  from  Hartford 
Conn.,  to  Tioga  county,  Pa.,  in  1792.  He  attended 
the  public  schools  of  Tioga  county  and  the  Uni 
versity  of  Lewisburg,  1857-59 ;  taught  school, 
1859-61,  and  in  1862  enlisted  in  the  136th  Penn 
sylvania  regiment  and  wras  commissioned  cap 
tain.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  September, 
1864,  and  practised  in  Tioga  county.  He  was 

[50? 


district  attorney  of  the  county,  1868-72  ;  edited 
the  Tioga  County  Agitator,  1870,  and  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  the  state  legislature,  1872-76.  He 
was  twice  married,  first  in  October,  1860,  to 
Jeannette  Baldwin,  who  died  in  1869,  and  sec 
ondly  in  February,  1871,  to  Mary  Alice  Archer. 
He  was  a  Republican  representative  in  the  45th 
and  46th  congresses,  1877-81  ;  was  U.S.  senator, 
1881-87  ;  president  judge  of  the  court  of  common 
pleas,  fourth  district  of  Pennsylvania,  1888-99, 
and  in  1900  was  elected  a  judge  of  the  superior 
court  of  Pennsylvania  for  the  term  ending  in 
1910. 

MITCHELL,  John  Kearsley,  physician,  was 
born  in  Shepherdstown,  Jefferson  county,  Va., 
May  12,  1798  ;  son  of  Dr.  Alexander  and  — 
(Kearsley)  Mitchell.  Dr.  Alexander  Mitchell 
came  from  Scotland  to  Virginia  in  1786,  and  died 
in  1806.  John  Kearsley  Mitchell  attended  the 
colleges  of  Ayr  and  Edinburgh,  Scotland,  1806- 
16  ;  studied  medicine  with  Dr.  Nathaniel  Chap 
man  in  Philadelphia,  1816-17,  and  was  graduated 
from  the  medical  department  of  the  University 
of  Pennsylvania  in  1819.  To  recuperate  his  health 
he  shipped  as  surgeon  and  made  three  voyages  to 
China  and  the  East  Indies.  In  1822  he  began  prac 
tice  in  Philadelphia.  He  was  lecturer  on  the  in 
stitutes  of  medicine  and  physiology  at  the  Phila 
delphia  Medical  institute,  1824-26  ;  professor  of 
chemistry  there,  1826-33  ;  professor  of  chemistry 
at  the  Franklin  Institute,  1833-41,  where  he  de 
livered  a  course  of  lectures  on  chemistry  as  ap 
plied  to  medicine  and  the  arts,  1833-38,  and  was 
professor  of  the  theory  and  practice  of  medicine 
at  Jefferson  Medical  college,  1841-58.  He  was 
married  to  Sarah  Matilda,  daughter  of  Alexander 
Henry,  and  had  eight  children,  one  of  whom  was 
Silas  Weir  Mitchell  (q.v.).  He  was  also  visiting 
physician  to  the  Pennsylvania  hospital  and  to  the 
City  Hospital  of  Philadelphia  during  two  epi 
demics.  He  is  the  author  of  :  Saint  Helena,  a 
Poem  by  a  Yankee  (1821)  ;  On  tlie  Wisdom,  Good 
ness  and  Power  of  God  as  Illustrated  in  the  Prop 
erties  of  Water  (1834) ;  Indecision  :  a  Tale  of  the 
Far  West,  and  other  Poems  (1839)  ;  On  the  Cryp- 
togamons  Origin  of  Malarious  and  Epidemic 
Fevers  (1849),  and  Five  Essays  on  Various  Chem 
ical  and  Medical  Subjects  (1858).  He  died  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.,  April  4,  1858. 

MITCHELL,  John  Lendrum,  senator,  was 
born  in  Milwaukee,  Wis.,  Oct.  19,  1842;  son  of 
Alexander  (q.v.)  and  Martha  (Reed)  Mitchell,  and 
grandson  of  John  Mitchell,  a  farmer  of  Aberdeen- 
shire,  Scotland,  and  of  Seth  Reed,  a  native  of 
Xew  England,  and  one  of  the  earliest  settlers  of 
Milwaukee.  He  attended  the  public  schools  of 
Milwaukee,  the  military  school  at  Hampton, 
Conn.,  and  the  universities  of  Dresden,  Munich 
and  Geneva.  He  was  appointed  2d  lieutenant  in 


MITCHELL 


MITCHELL 


the  24th  Wisconsin  volunteers  in  1861,  was  pro 
moted  1st  lieutenant  on  the  staff  of  General  Sill, 
and  was  subsequently  made  chief  of  ordnance  on 
the  staff  of  Gen.  Absalom  Bayard  and  served 
until  1864,  when  his  eyesight  failed,  forcing  him 
to  resign.  He  was  a  state  senator,  1872-73  and 
1875-76.  He  was  married  July  1 1 ,  1878,  to  Harriet, 
daughter  of  Abraham  Becker  of  South  Worcester, 
N.Y.  He  was  president  of  the  Milwaukee  school 
board,  1884-83 ;  a  member  of  the  Democratic 
national  committee,  1888-92,  and  chairman  of 
the  Democratic  congressional  committee  in  1892. 
He  was  a  Democratic  representative  from  the 
fourth  district  of  Wisconsin  in  the  52d  congress, 
1891-93,  and  U.S.  senator,  1893-99.  He  was  presi 
dent  of  the  Wisconsin  State  Agricultural  society, 
and  the  Northwestern  Trotting-Horse  Breeders' 
association  and  a  member  of  the  board  of  man 
agers  of  the  National  Home  for  Disabled  Volun 
teer  Soldiers  from  1886,  and  vice-president  of  the 
board  in  1893.  He  was  president  of  the  24th 
Wisconsin  regimental  organization  for  some 
years,  manager  of  the  Milwaukee  Home  for 
Disabled  Veterans  ;  vice-president  of  the  Marine 
National  Bank  of  Milwaukee,  Wis.,  and  an  officer 
or  stockholder  in  other  commercial  and  financial 
institutions  of  his  native  city. 

MITCHELL,  Lucy  Myers,  archaeologist,  was 
born  in  Oroomiali,  Persia,  March  20,  1845  ;  daugh 
ter  of  the  Rev.  Austin  H.  Wright,  for  twenty 
years  a  missionary  and  physician  among  the 
Nestorians.  She  was  educated  at  Mount  Holyoke 
seminary,  Mass.,  1859-64,  and  in  1864  went  back 
to  Persia  with  her  father,  returning  to  the  United 
States  in  1865.  In  1867  she  was  married  to  Samuel 
S.  Mitchell,  an  artist,  of  Morristown,  N. J.  They 
spent  the  greater  part  of  their  married  life  in 
Europe  where  she  acquired  a  knowledge  of  the 
Syriac,  Arabic,  French,  German  and  Italian 
languages,  and  where  she  began  her  philological 
researches.  In  1873,  while  in  Leipzig,  she  became 
interested  in  the  study  of  classical  archaeology, 
which  she  continued  in  Rome,  Florence,  Munich, 
Berlin  and  London.  She  gave  a  series  of  lectures 
to  women  in  Rome,  Italy,  1876-78,  on  Greek  and 
Roman  sculpture  ;  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
Imperial  Archaeological  Institute  of  Germany  in 
1884,  being  the  second  woman  admitted,  and 
while  in  Berlin,  1884-86,  made  a  special  study  of 
Greek  vases  and  vase  paintings  for  a  work  on 
that  subject.  She  was  in  Switzerland  for  the 
benefit  of  her  health,  1886-88.  She  prepared  a 
dictionary  of  the  modern  Syriac  language,  the  un 
published  manuscript  of  which  is  owned  by  the 
University  of  Cambridge,  England.  She  is  the 
author  of  a  History  of  Ancient  Sculpture,  and  its 
companion  volume  of  plates.  Selections  from  An 
cient  Sculpture  (1883).  She  died  in  Lausanne, 
Switzerland,  March  10,  1888. 


[508] 


MITCHELL,  Margaret  Julia,  actress,  was  born 
in  New  York  city  in  1832.  She  first  appeared  in 
children's  roles  in  Burton's  Chambers  Street  thea 
tre,  New  York  city,  and  in  1851  played  Julia  in 
"  The  Soldier's  Daughter."  She  subsequently 
acted  in  "  Katliie  O'Shiel  "  ;  "  Satin  in  Paris  "  ; 
"The  Young  Prince";  "The  French  Spy"; 
"Love's  Chase"  (1854);  "  Fanchon "  (1860); 
"  Mignon  Lorie,  The  Pearl  of  Savory":  "Little 
Barefoot";  "Nan  the  Good-for-Nothing "  and 
"Jane  Eyre",  winning  especial  recognition  as 
Fanchon.  She  was  married,  Oct  15,  1868,  to  Henry 
Paddock,  and  traveled  as  a  star  under  his  man 
agement.  She  subsequently  retired  from  the 
stage,  and  made  her  home  at  Elberon,  N.J. 

MITCHELL,  Maria,  astronomer,  was  born  in 
Nantucket,  Mass.,  Aug.  1,  1818  ;  daughter  of  Will 
iam  and  Lydia  (Coleman)  Mitchell,  birthright 
members  of  the  Society  of  Friends.  She  attended 
the  school  kept  by  her  father  and  later  became  a 
student  and  assistant  of  Cyrus  Pierce.  Her 
father  was  a  professional  astronomer  employed 
to  rate  the  chronometers  of  the  great  fleet  of 
whalers  that  sailed 
from  Nantucket  in 
those  days,  and  in  his 
observatory  she  serv 
ed  as  recorder  before 
she  was  fifteen  years 
of  age.  In  time, 
father  and  daughter, 
amply  supplied  with 
instruments  by  Har 
vard  college,  the  U.S. 
Military  academy  and 
the  coast  survey, 
ventured  upon  sys 
tematic  explorations 
of  distant  star  groups 
and  nebula}.  Miss 

Mitchell  discovered  a  new  comet  in  1847,  and 
received  the  gold  medal  offered  by  King  Fred 
erick  IV.  of  Denmark  to  any  one  discovering  a 
telescopic  comet.  The  Cantons  of  Switzer 
land  voted  her  a  similar  recognition  and  a  bronze 
medal  was  struck  for  her  by  the  republic  of 
San  Marino,  Italy.  She  was  employed  in  the 
astronomical  work  of  the  coast  survey  occasion 
ally,  and  when  the  American  Nautical  Almanac 
was  instituted  by  the  government  she  was  placed 
on  its  regular  staff  of  computers.  She  traveled  in 
Europe,  1858-59,  and  while  in  England  was  a 
guest  at  the  Royal  Observatory  and  at  the  home 
of  Sir  John  Herschel.  In  Scotland  she  visited 
Rear-Admiral  Smythe,  and  on  the  continent  she 
was  everywhere  received  with  cordial  sympathy. 
She  even  made  an  inspection  of  the  papal  obser 
vatory  under  a  "  dispensation,"  denied  to  Mrs. 
Mary  Fairfax  Somerville,  the  English  scientist. 


.MITCHELL 


MITCHELL 


During  her  stay  in  Europe  her  American  friends, 
under  the  leadership  of  Elizabeth  Peabody  of 
Boston,  raised  a  sufficient  sum  of  money  to  buy 
for  her  a  new  telescope  more  powerful  than  the 
one  owned  by  her  father.  After  removing  with 
her  father  to  Lynn,  Mass.,  she  built  there  an 
observatory,  where  she  pursued  her  investigations 
until  1805,  when  upon  the  establishment  of  Vas- 
sar  college  she  was  appointed  professor  of  astron 
omy  and  director  of  the  Vassar  observatory.  She 
resigned  her  position  in  1888  on  account  of  failing 
health.  Her  resignation  was  not  accepted,  but 
an  indefinite  leave  of  absence  was  a  dnrget'ier 
with  full  pay.  At  the  meeting  of  the  Vassar 
alum  me  association  in  1888  at  a  reception  given 
in  her  honor,  it  was  voted  to  endo%v  the  chair 
of  astronomy  as  a  memorial  to  her  and  $40,000 
was  pledged  for  that  purpose.  The  honorary  de 
gree  of  Ph.D.  was  conferred  upon  her  by  Rutgers 
Female  college  in  1870,  that  of  LL.D.  by  Hano 
ver  in  1882  and  Columbia  in  1887.  She  was  the 
first  woman  elected  to  the  American  Academy  of 
Arts  and  Sciences,  first  as  honorary  member  in 
1848,  and  subsequently  as  fellow,  and  up  to  190'3 
there  had  been  no  other  women  so  honored.  She 
was  also  a  member  of  the  American  Institute  and 
of  the  American  Association  for  the  Advance 
ment  of  Science,  and  was  twice  elected  president 
of  the  American  Association  for  the  Advancement 
of  Women,  afSyracuse  in  1875  and  at  Philadelphia 
•  in  1876.  She  edited  "Astronomical  Notes"  in 
the  Scientific  American,  based  on  calculations 
made  by  her  students,  and  wrote  many  scientific 
papers.  She  died  in  Lynn,  Mass.,  June  28,  1889. 

MITCHELL,  Nahum,  jurist,  was  born  in  East 
Bridgewater,  Mass.,  Feb.  12,  17G9;  son  of  Gush 
ing  and  Jennet  (Orr)  Mitchell;  grandson  of  Col. 
Edward  and  Elizabeth  (Gushing)  Mitchell  ;  great- 
grandson  of  Edward  and  Alice  (Bradford)  Mit 
chell,  and  great,2-grandson  of  Experience  Mitchell, 
who  immigrated  to  America  in»  the  ship  Ann  in 
1623,  settled  at  Plymouth,  Mass.,  removed  to 
Duxbury  in  1631,  and  later  to  Bridgewater; 
and  also  a  descendant  of  Maj.  John  Bradford 
of  Kingston.  Nahum  Mitchell  was  graduated 
from  Harvard.  A.B.,  1789,  A.M.,  1792.  He  studied 
law  in  Plymouth.  Mass.,  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  November,  1792,  and  practised  in  Bridgewater. 
He  was  a  representative  in  the  state  legislature 
for  several  years  ;  was  a  representative  in  the  8th 
congress,  1803-03  ;  judge  of  the  court  of  common 
pleas,  1811-21,  and  chief-justice,  1819-21.  He 
served  in  the  governor's  council,  1814-20 ;  was 
treasurer  of  the  state.  1822-27,  and  was  appointed 
chairman  of  the  commission  for  exploring  and 
laying  out  the  Boston  and  Albany  Railroad  route 
in  1827.  He  was  a  commissioner  to  settle  the 
boundary  line  between  Massachusetts  and  Rhode 
Island  and  subsequently  between  Massachusetts 


and  Connecticut.  He  was  librarian  and  treasurer 
of  the  Massachusetts  Historical  society  and  pres 
ident  of  the  Bible  Society  in  Plymouth  county. 
He  is  the  author  of  a  Grammar  of  Music  :  The 
Brattle  Street  Collection  of  Church  Music  (1810); 
The  Bridgewater  Collection  of  Sacred  Music  (1812); 
History  of  the  Early  Settlement  of  Bridgewater 
(1840),  and  a  series  of  articles  on  the  History  of 
Music,  published  in  the  Boston  Enterpiead.  He 
died  in  East  Bridgewater,  Mass.,  Aug.  1,  1853. 

MITCHELL,  Nathaniel,  governor  of  Delaware, 
was  born  near  Laurel,  Del.,  in  1753.  He  led  a 
company  in  the  Continental  army  at  the  battles 
of  Brandy  wine  and  Monmouth  ;  was  adjutant  of 
Colonel  Dagworthy's  battalion  :  and  was  subse 
quently  with  Colonel  Patterson's  battalion  of  the 
flying  camp  and  with  Colonel  Grayson's  addi 
tional  Continental  regiment.  He  was  transferred 
to  Colonel  Grist's  regiment,  and  in  1779  he  became 
brigade-major  and  inspector  to  Gen.  Peter  Muh- 
lenburg.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  Continental 
congress,  1786-88,  and  in  1804  lie  was  elected 
governor  of  Delaware  and  served  by  re-elections 
until  1810,  when  he  was  succeeded  by  Joseph 
Haslet.  He  died  near  Laurel,  Del.,  Feb.  21,  1814. 

MITCHELL,  Robert  B.,  governor  of  New 
Mexico,  was  born  in  Richland  county,  Ohio, 
April  4,  1823.  He  attended  Washington  college, 
Pa.,  studied  law,  and  practised  in  Mansfield,  1844- 
46.  He  served  throughout  the  Mexican  war  as 
1st  lieutenant  in  a  regiment  of  Ohio  volunteers, 
and  in  1847  resumed  the  practice  of  his  profes 
sion.  He  removed  to  Kansas  in  1856,  and  became 
an  active  advocate  of  the  free-state  policy.  He 
was  a  representative  in  the  territorial  legislature, 
1857-58  ;  treasurer,  1858-61  ;  colonel  of  2d  Kansas 
volunteers,  and  his  regiment,  with  two  companies 
of  the  1st  Iowa,  were  being  led  by  General  Lyoii 
in  the  battle  of  Wilson's  Creek  when  the  General 
was  killed  and  Colonel  Mitchell  was  severely 
wounded.  He  subsequently  raised  a  regiment  of 
cavalry  ;  was  commissioned  brigadier-general  of 
volunteers,  and  commanded  the  9th  division,  3rd 
army  corps.  Army  of  the  Ohio,  in  the  battle  of 
Perryville,  Oct.  8,  1862,  and  the  cavalry  corps  of 
the  Army  of  the  Cumberland  in  the  battle  of 
Chickamauga,  Sept.  19-20,1863.  He  was  governor 
of  New  Mexico,  1865-67,  and  in  1867  removed  to 
Washington,  D.C..  where  he  died,  Jan.  26,  1882. 
MITCHELL,  Samuel  Thomas,  educator,  was 
born  in  Toledo,  Ohio,  Sept.  24,  1851.  He  attended 
the  public  schools  of  Cleveland  and  Cincinnati, 
and  was  graduated  from  Wilberforce  university 
in  1873 ;  taught  school  in  Wilmington,  Ohio, 
1873-75 ;  was  licensed  to  preach  in  1875,  and 
taught  school  in  Springfield,  Ohio,  1875-80.  He 
was  principal  of  Lincoln  institute  at  Jefferson 
City,  Mo.,  1879-84  :  received  his  A.M.  degree  from 
Wilberforce  in  1881,  and  was  elected  president 


[5091 


MITCHELL 


MITCHELL 


of  Wilberforce  university  and  professor  of  intel 
lectual  philosophy  and  logic  there  in  1884.  He 
was  the  first  president  of  the  Missouri  State 
Teachers'  association,  held  at  Jefferson  City  in 
1875,  and  was  a  vice-president  of  the  educational 
congress  at  the  World's  Columbian  exposition  of 
1893.  He  was  a  member  of  the  general  confer 
ence  of  the  African  M.  E.  church  in  1884,  and  was 
elected  president  of  the  American  Association  of 
Educators  of  Colored  Youth.  The  honorary  de 
gree  of  LL.D.  was  conferred  on  him  by  the  State 
University  of  Kentucky  in  1889. 

MITCHELL,  Silas  Weir,  physician  and  author, 
was  born  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Feb.  15,  1829  ;  son 
of  Dr.  John  Kearsley  and  Sarah  Matilda  (Henry) 
Mitchell.  He  matriculated  at  the  University  of 
Pennsylvania  in  the  class  of  1848,  but  severe  ill 
ness  compelled  him 
to  leave  near  the 
close  of  his  senior 
year.  He  was  grad 
uated  from  Jefferson 
Medical  college  in  18- 
50,  and  settled  in 
practice  in  Philadel 
phia,  gaining  world 
wide  recognition  as  a 
specialist  on  nervous 
diseases,  and  being 
also  well  known 
through  his  research 
es  in  physiology  and 
toxicology.  He  was 
connected  at  various 

times  with  several  hospitals  and  dispensaries  in 
Philadelphia  as  physician  or  consulting  physician, 
and  during  the  civil  war  was  in  charge  of  Turner's 
Lane  U.S.  hospital,  established  for  the  treatment 
of  injuries  to  the  nervous  system,  and  was  also  an 
inspector  of  the  sanitary  condition  of  the  army. 
He  was  elected  a  member  and  officer  in  the  prin 
cipal  medical  societies  in  America  ;  a  correspond 
ing  member  of  the  British  Medical  association, 
1860  ;  of  the  Societe  Academique  de  la  Loire  In- 
ferieure,  1872  ;  of  the  London  Medical  society, 
1878  ;  honorary  member  of  St.  Andrews  Medical 
Graduate  association,  1867  ;  foreign  associate  of 
the  Medical  Society  of  Norway,  1871  ;  a  member 
of  the  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  of  Philadel 
phia,  1853  ;  the  American  Philological  society, 
1862  ;  the  American  Academy  of  Arts  and  Sci 
ences,  1865  ;  the  National  Academy  of  Sciences, 
1865,  and  the  American  Philosophical  society, 
1865  ;  a  fellow  of  the  College  of  Physicians,  Phil 
adelphia,  1856,  and  twice  president  ;  a  trustee  of 
the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1875,  and  of  the 
Carnegie  Institution  on  its  foundation  1992. 
He  was  married,  first  in  1858  to  Mary  Mid- 
dleton,  daughter  of  Alfred  Elwyn  and  Mary 


[5101 


(Middleton)  Mease,  who  died  in  1864  ;  and  sec- 
condly  in  1875  to  Mary,  daughter  of  Gen.  Thomas 
and  Maria  (Diddle)  Cadwalader  of  Philadelphia. 
Dr.  Mitchell  received  the  honorary  degree  of 
LL.D.  from  Harvard,  1886,  Edinburgh,  1890,  and 
Princeton,  1895,  and  that  of  M.D.  from  the  Uni 
versity  of  Bologna,  1888.  His  medical  papers 
written  between  1850  and  1900  include  upwards 
of  150  titles  and  record  scientific  investigations 
of  marked  importance  and  originality.  He  be 
came  even  more  widely  known,  however,  through 
his  works  of  fiction  and  poetry.  Among  his  more 
important  contributions  to  scientific  literature 
may  be  noted  :  Researches  on  t/te  Venom  of  the 
Rattlesnake  (I860);  Gunshot  Wounds  and  Otlicr 
Injuries  of  Nerves  (1864);  Reflex  Paralysis  (1864); 
On  Malingering,  Especially  in  Regard  to  Simula 
tion  of  Diseases  of  the  Nervous  System  (1864);  On 
Injuries  of  the  Nerves  and  their  Consequences 
(1872);  Fat  and  Blood  and  How  to  Make  Them 
(1877);  Diseases  of  the  Nervous  System,  Especially 
in  Women  (1881);  Clinical  Lectures  on  Nervous 
Diseases  (1890).  His  lighter  works,  chiefly 
works  of  fiction  and  poems,  include :  In  War 
Time,  novel  (1862) ;  Wonderful  Stories  of  Fuz-buz, 
the  Fly,  and  Mot) 'ier  Grabern,  the  Spider  (1867); 
Wear  and  Tear ;  or,  Hints  for  the  Ovenvorked 
(1870);  Thee  and  You  (1880);  Hephzibah  Guinness 
and  other  stories  (1880);  A  Draft  on  the  Bank  of 
Spain  (1880);  The  Hill  of  Stones,  verse  (1882); 
Roland  Blake,  novel  (1884);  A  Masque  and  other 
poems  (1887);  Doctor  and  Patient,  a  Series  of 
Essays  (1887);  Far  in  the  Forest,  a  story  (1888); 
The  Cup  of  Youth,  drama  (1889);  The  Psalm  of 
Death  and  other  poems  (1890);  Francois  Villon, 
poem  of  dramatic  narration  (1890);  Character 
istics,  running  dialogues  (1892);  Mr.  Kris-Kringle  : 
A  Christmas  Tale,  juvenile  (1893);  The  Mother, 
and  other  poems  (1893);  When  all  the  Woods  are 
Green,  novel  (1894);  Philip  Vernon,  drama  in  verse 
(1894);  A  Madeira  Party,  novel  (1895);  Collected 
Poems  (1896);  Memoir  of  Owen  Jones,  biography 
(1896);  Hugh  Wynne,  Free  Quaker,  novel  (1897); 
The  Adventures  of  Francois,  novel  (1899);  Auto 
biography  of  a  Quack  and  The  Case  of  George 
Dedlow  (1900);  Dr.  North  and  His  Friends,  novel 
(1900);  27;e  Wager,  poems  (1900);  Circumstance, 
novel  (1901);  New  Samaria  (1902).  He  is  also 
the  author  of  contributions  to  magazines. 

MITCHELL,  Stephen  Mix,  delegate,  was  born 
in  Wethersfield,  Conn.,  Dec.  9,  1743  ;  son  of  James 
and  Rebecca  (Mix)  Mitchell ;  grandson  of  the  Rev. 
Stephen  Mix,  and  great-grandson  of  the  Rev. 
Solomon  Stoddard  of  Northampton.  His  father 
immigrated  to  America  from  near  Paisley,  Scot 
land,  about  1720.  He  was  graduated  from  Yale 
college,  A.B.,  1763,  A.M.,  1766;  was  a  tutor  at 
Yale,  1766-69  ;  studied  law,  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1772,  and  commenced  to  practise  in 


MITCHELL 


MITCHILL 


Wethersfield,  1772.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the 
Continental  congress,  1783-88  ;  was  associate  jus 
tice  of  the  county  court  of  Hartford  county,  1779- 
90,  and  its  presiding  judge,  1790-93.  He  was 
elected  to  the  U.S.  senate  in  1793,  to  rill  the 
vacancy  caused  by  the  deatli  of  Roger  Sherman, 
and  served  until  March  4,  1793.  He  was  judge 
of  the  superior  court,  1795-1807,  and  its  chief 
justice,  1807-14.  He  was  presidential  elector  in 
1801,  and  voted  for  John  Adams.  The  honorary 
degree  of  LL.D.  was  conferred  on  him  by  Yale  in 
1807.  He  was  married  in  1769  to  Hannah, 
daughter  of  Donald  and  Arminal  (Toucey)  Grant 
of  Newtown,  Conn.,  and  their  son  Alfred  (1790- 
1831),  a  Congregational  minister,  was  the  father 
of  Donald  Grant  Mitchell  (q.v.).  Judge  Mitchell 
died  in  Wethersfield.  Conn..  Sept.  30,  1835. 

MITCHELL,  Thomas  Rothmahler,  repre 
sentative,  was  born  at  Georgetown,  S.C.,  about 
1783.  He  was  graduated  at  Harvard.  A.B.,  1802, 
A.M.,  1805  ;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  at  Charleston,  S.C.,  in  1808.  He  settled  in 
practice  at  Georgetown,  S.C.,  and  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  the  17th,  19th,  20th  and  22d  con 
gresses,  1821-23,  1825-29  and  1831-33,  defeating 
Col.  Robert  B.  Campbell  of  Brownsville,  and 
being  defeated  for  the  18th,  21st  and  23d  con 
gresses  by  Colonel  Campbell,  who  was  his  politi 
cal  opponent  at  every  election.  1820-34.  He  died 
at  Georgetown,  S.C..  Nov.  2,  1837. 

MITCHELL,  William,  astronomer,  was  born 
in  Nantucket,  Mass.,  Dec.  20,  1791.  He  was  one 
of  the  "  birthright  "  members  of  the  Society  of 
Friends,  as  were  also  his  ancestors  for  a  century 
before.  He  was  prepared  to  enter  Harvard  col 
lege,  but  the  war  of  1812  prevented,  and  he  taught 
school  for  several  years  and  developed  a  taste  for 
astronomy  in  association  with  Walter  Folger 
(q.v.).  He  was  for  many  years  cashier  of  the 
Pacific  bank  at  Nantucket,  where  from  the  cupola 
of  the  bank  building  and  from  observatories  in 
the  yard,  he  and  his  daughter  Maria  (q.v.)  made 
long  series  of  observations  in  connection  with 
the  coast  survey  studies  of  the  figure  of  the 
earth.  He  furnished  time  and  rated  chronome 
ters  for  the  whale  ships  ;  lie  also  gave  lectures  in 
Boston  and  other  cities  as  means  of  support  for 
his  large  family.  The  last  eight  years  of  his  life 
were  spent  with  his  daughter  at  the  observatory 
of  Vassar  college.  The  honorary  degree  of  A.M. 
was  conferred  on  him  by  Brown  university  in 
1848  and  by  Harvard  in  1860.  He  was  an  overseer 
of  Harvard,  1857-65,  and  chairman  of  the  com 
mittee  of  the  observatory.  He  was  a  member  of 
various  scientific  societies,  including  the  Ameri 
can  Academy  of  Arts  and  Sciences.  He  con 
tributed  articles  on  astronomy  to  the  American 
Journal  of  Science  and  other  publications.  He 
died  in  Poughkeepsie,  N.Y.,  April  19,  1868. 


MITCHELL,  William,  jurist,  was  born  in  New 
York  city,  Feb.  24,  1801  ;  son  of  the  Rev.  Edward 
and  Cornelia  (Anderson)  Mitchell.  He  was  grad 
uated  at  Columbia  with  first  honors,  A.B.,  1820, 
A.M.,  1823.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1823, 
and  settled  in  practice  in  New  York  city,  becom 
ing  a  solicitor  in  chancery  in  1824,  counselor-at- 
law  in  1826.  and  counselor-in-chancery  in  1827. 
He  was  married  in  1841  to  Mary  P.  Berrian  of 
New  York.  He  was  a  master  in  chancery  in  New 
York,  1840-43  ;  justice  of  the  supreme  court  for 
the  first  district  of  New  York,  1850-57  ;  judge  of 
the  old  high  court  of  appeals  1857-58,  and  chief 
justice,  1858-60.  He  again  practised  law  in  New 
York  city  from  1860  until  1885,  when  he  retired. 
He  was  vice-president  of  the  New  York  Bar 
association  two  terms.  He  received  the  degree 
LL.D.  from  Columbia  in  1863.  He  edited  Black- 
stone's  Commentaries,  with  reference  to  American 
cases.  He  died  in  Morristown,  N.J.,  Oct.  6,  1886. 

MITCHILL,  Samuel  Latham,  senator,  was 
born  in  North  Hempstead,  L.I.,  N.Y.,  Aug.  20, 
1764.  He  studied  medicine  under  his  maternal 
uncle,  Samuel  Latham,  and  under  Dr.  John  Bard 
of  New  York,  and  was  graduated  from  the  Uni 
versity  of  Edinburgh, 
M.D.  in  1786.  He  re-  .*:>-  .^ 

turned  to  New  York 
city,  where  he  prac 
tised  medicine  and 
studied  law  with  Rob 
ert  Yates.  In  1788 
he  was  U.S.  com 
missioner  appointed 
to  make  a  treaty  with 
the  Iroquois  Indians, 
and  was  present  at 
the  council  held  at 
Fort  Stanwix  in  17- 
88  that  resulted  in 
the  purchase  of  the 
lands  held  by  the 

Five  Nations  in  western  New  York.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  state  assembly,  1790-92  and  1797- 
99  ;  professor  of  botany  in  Columbia  college,  1792- 
95,  and  of  natural  history,  chemistry  and  agri 
culture,  1792-1801,  and  a  Democratic  represen 
tative  in  the  7th  and  8th  congresses,  1801-04; 
U.S.  senator,  as  successor  to  John  Armstrong, 
resigned,  1804-09,  and  representative  in  the  lltli 
and  12th  congresses,  1809-13.  While  at  Columbia 
he  aided  in  establishing  the  Society  for  the  Pro 
motion  of  Agriculture.  Manufactures  and  Useful 
Arts,  1793-94,  and  also  made  a  geological  survey 
of  the  state.  He  was  professor  of  natural  history 
in  the  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons.  1808- 
20,  and  professor  of  materia  medica  and  botany 
there,  1820-26  ;  vice-president  of  the  medical 
department  of  Rutgers  college.  New  Brims- 


[511] 


MIZNER 


MOELLER 


wick,  N.J.,  1826-30  ;  surgeon-general  of  the  state 
militia,  1817-22,  and  a  founder  of  the  New  York 
Institution  for  the  Deaf  and  Dumb,  1815,  the  New 
York  Literary  and  Philosophical  society,  1816,  and 
the  Lyceum  of  Natural  History,  1817,  of  which 
last  he  was  president,  1817-23.  He  helped  to 
establish  the  Medical  Repository  in  1797  and  was 
its  editor-in-chief,  1797-1813.  He  received  the 
honorary  degree  of  A.M.  from  Columbia  in  1788 
and  that  of  LL.D.  from  the  University  of  Penn 
sylvania  in  1819.  The  extent  of  his  political 
knowledge  won  for  him  the  title  of  the  il  Con 
gressional  Directory."  He  was  also  known  as  the 
"Nestor  of  American  Science."  He  is  the  author 
of  :  Address  to  the  Fredes  or  People  of  the  United 
States  (1804);  Address  on  the  Completion  of  the 
Erie  Canal  (1825);  several  poems  and  nursery 
songs,  a  humorous  book,  A  Picture  of  New  York, 
and  numerous  scientific  papers.  He  died  in  New 
York  city,  Sept.  17,  1831. 

MIZNER,  John  Kemp,  soldier,  was  born  in 
Geneva,  N.Y.,  March  2,  1837  ;  son  of  Lansing  B. 
Mizner.  He  was  graduated  at  the  U.S.  Military 
academy,  July  1,  1856  ;  served  in  the  2d  dragoons 
on  the  frontier,  1857-61 ;  was  promoted  2d  lieu 
tenant,  Feb.  28,  1857  ;  1st  lieutenant,  May  9, 1861  ; 
was  transferred  to  the  2d  cavalry,  Aug.  3,  1861, 
and  served  in  the  defenses  of  Washington,  D.C., 
1861-62.  He  was  promoted  captain,  Nov.  12, 
1861  ;  was  appointed  colonel  of  the  3d  Michigan 
cavalry,  March  7,  1862  ;  commanded  the  regiment 
in  the  operations  against  Island  No.  10,  resulting 
in  its  capture  ;  participated  in  the  Mississippi 
campaign  and  the  siege  of  Corinth  ;  commanded 
the  cavalry  brigade  in  the  pursuit  of  the  Confed 
erates  and  in  guarding  the  railroad,  and  had 
several  skirmishes  with  the  Confederate  cavalry, 
May  to  September,  1862.  He  commanded  the 
cavalry  division,  Army  of  the  Mississippi,  in  the 
battles  of  luka  and  Corinth,  and  in  the  pursuit 
of  the  enemy  to  Ripley  in  October.  1862.  He  was 
b  re  vetted  major  U.S.A.,  Oct.  4,  1862,  for  Corinth. 
He  was  chief  of  cavalry  of  the  district  of  Jackson, 
Tenn.,  in  1863,  and  engaged  in  the  skirmishes  at 
Brownsville  and  Clifton.  He  was  chief  of 
cavalry  of  the  left  wing  of  the  16th  army  corps, 
in  the  operations  in  northern  Mississippi,  May  to 
September,  1863  ;  was  brevetted  lieutenant-col 
onel  U.S.  A.,  June  12.  1863.  for  gallantry  at  Panola, 
Miss.,  and  commanded  a  brigade  of  cavalry,  1863- 

64.  He  operated  in  Missouri  and  Arkansas,  1864- 

65,  and  took  part  in  the  last  operations  against 
Mobile,  Ala.,  1865.     He  was  brevetted  brigadier- 
general  of  volunteers,  Marcli  13, 1865,  for  services 
during  the  war.      He  commanded  a  brigade  and 
the  post  at  San  Antonio,  Texas,  and  was  acting 
assistant  inspector-general  on  the  staff  of  General 
Merritt  the  latter  part  of  1865  :  commanded  mili 
tary  districts  in  Texas,  1866,  and  was  mustered 


out  of  the  volunteer  service  Feb.  12,  1866.  He 
served  on  frontier  duty,  1866-84,  commanding 
important  posts  in  New  Mexico  and  Arizona,  and 
the  recruiting  depot  at  Jefferson  Barracks,  Mo., 
1884-86.  He  was  promoted  major  and  transferred 
to  the  4th  cavalry,  Jan.  26,  1869  ;  lieutenant- 
colonel  and  transferred  to  the  8th  cavalry,  Jan.  9, 
1886;  and  commanded  Fort  Brown  and  Concho, 
Texas,  1886-88,  and  Fort  Meade,  Dakota,  1888-90. 
He  was  promoted  colonel  and  transferred  to  the 
10th  cavalry,  April  15,  1890  ;  was  promoted  brig 
adier-general  U.S.A.,  May  26,  1897,  and  was  re 
tired  June  7, 1897.  He  died  in  Washington,  D.C., 
Sept.  8,  1898. 

MOAK,  Nathaniel  Cleveland,  lawyer  and  au 
thor,  was  born  at  Sharon,  N.Y..  Oct.  3,  1833. 
His  father  was  a  farmer  and  he  attended  the  dis 
trict  school  and  the  academies  at  Cherry  Valley 
and  Cooperstown,  N.Y.,  studied  law,  and  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in  1856.  He  practised  in  Sharon, 
N.Y.,  1856-67  ;  and  in  1867  became  a  member  of 
the  law  firm  of  Smith,  Bancroft  &  Moak  in 
Albany,  N.Y.  He  made  a  reputation  as  a  trial 
lawyer  in  the  case  of  Joseph  H.  Ramsay  versus 
James  Fisk,  Jr.,  and  Jay  Gould,  for  the  possession 
of  the  Susquehanna  railroad,  in  which  he  ap 
peared  as  counsel  for  the  plaintiff.  He  was  dis 
trict  attorney  of  Albany  county,  1872-75.  He 
lectured  before  the  Albany  Law  school  upon 
"  Books,  Their  Use  and  Abuse,"  and  "  Courts  and 
Judicial  Systems/'  He  collected  a  large  law 
library  containing  all  the  English,  Scotch,  Irish 
and  Canadian  reports  ;  all  the  state  and  Federal 
reports,  besides  law  periodicals  and  text  books. 
This  library  was  purchased  by  the  widow  and 
daughter  of  Judge  Douglass  Boardman,  former 
dean  of  the  law  faculty  of  Cornell,  1887-91,  and 
justice  of  the  New  York  supreme  court,  and 
presented  to  the  law  school  of  Cornell  university 
in  1893.  He  contributed  articles  upon  Bribery 
and  Capital  Punishment  to  the  encyclopaedias, 
wrote  for  various  legal  periodicals,  and  published  : 
Clarke's  Chancery  Reports  with  notes  (1869): 
Moak's  English  Reports  (35  vols.,  1872-84); 
Moak's  English  Digest  (2  vols.,  1872).  and  Moak's 
Edition  of  Van  Santvoord's  Pleadings  (1873). 
He  died  in  Albany.  N.Y.,  Sept.  17,  1892. 

MOELLER,  Henry,  R.  C.  bishop,  was  born  in 
Cincinnati,  Ohio,  Dec.  11,  1849;  son  of  Bernard 
and  Teresa  (Witte)  Moeller.  He  attended  St. 
Joseph's  parochial  school,  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  1856- 
63  ;  St.  Francis  Xavier  college,  Cincinnati,  1863-69, 
and  studied  philosophy  and  theology,  Rome, 
Italy,  1869-76.  He  was  ordained  in  the  church  of 
St.  John  Lateran,  Rome,  June  10,  1876;  was 
pastor  of  St.  Patrick's,  Bellefontaine,  Ohio,  1876- 
77  ;  professor  at  Mt.  St.  Mary's  seminary,  1877- 
79  ;  temporary  secretary  to  Bishop  Chatard, 
Indianapolis.  Ind.,  1879-80.  and  chancellor  of  the 


[512] 


MOELLER 


MOFFAT 


;arch-diocese  of  Cincinnati  and  secretary  to  Arch 
bishop  Elder,  1880-1900.  He  was  consecrated 
bishop  of  the  diocese  of  Columbus,  Ohio,  Aug.  26, 
1900,  succeeding  the  Rt.  Rev.  John  Ambrose 
Watterson,  who  died,  April  17,  1899.  The  honor 
ary  degree  of  D.D.  was  conferred  on  him  by  the 
propaganda  at  Rome  in  1876. 

MOELLER,  Louis  Frederick  Charles,  artist, 
was  born  in  New  York  city,  Aug.  5,  1853  ;  son  of 
Charles  and  Helene  (Weylie)  Moeller,  grandson 
of  Louis  and  Eva  Weyhe.  and  a  descendant  of 
Karl  Moeller  of  Kiel  (Holstein),  Germany.  His 
father  was  a  decorative  painter,  and  Louis  studied 
the  art  under  his  instruction.  He  studied  draw 
ing  in  New  York  under  Professor  Willmarth  at 
the  National  Academy  of  Design.  1869,  and  at 
Munich,  Germany,  under  Frank  Duveneck  and 
Theodor  Dietz,  1874.  He  returned  to  the  United 
States  in  1880  and  not  having  the  means  to  estab 
lish  himself  as  an  artist,  devoted  himself  to  de 
corative  painting  for  several  years.  His  first 
painting  exhibited  at  the  National  Academy  was 
"A  Girl  in  a  Snow-Storm  "  (1882)  ;  his  second, 
"Puzzled"  (1884),  took  the  Hallgarten  prize. 
He  opened  a  studio  in  New  York  city  in  1883,  and 
devoted  himself  to  genre  painting.  He  was  elected 
an  associate  of  the  National  Academy  of  Design 
in  1884  and  an  academician  in  1894.  He  was 
married,  Jan.  14,  1891,  to  Mrs.  Marianne  Hennins, 
•daughter  of  Dr.  Borasfeldt,  of  Hanover.  His 
paintings  include:  Morning  Xews  (1885)  ;  Stub 
born  (1886)  ;  A  Siesta  (1888)  ;  A  Doubtful  Invest 
ment  (1889)  ;  Bluffing  (1890). 

MOERDYKE,  Peter,  educator  and  clergyman, 
was  born  in  Biervliet,  Province  of  Zeeland, 
Netherlands,  Jan.  29,  1845 ;  son  of  James  and 
Maria  (Faas)  Moerdyke.  His  ancestry  is  both 
Huguenot  and  Dutch.  His  parents  came  to 
America  in  1849  and  settled  in  Michigan.  He  at 
tended  the  district  schools  of  Kalamazoo,  1851- 
57  ;  Holland  academy  at  Holland,  Mich.,  1859-62  ; 
and  \vas  graduated  from  Hope  college,  Holland, 
Mich.,  A.B.,  1866,  A.M.,  1869.  He  studied  at  the 
Theological  Seminary  of  the  Reformed  Church  in 
America  at  Holland.  Mich.,  1866-69  ;  was  ordained 
and  installed  as  pastor  of  the  Reformed  churches 
of  Macon  and  South  Macon,  Mich.,  in  June,  1869  ; 
was  assistant  professor  of  Greek  and  Latin  in 
Hope  college,  1871-73  ;  pastor  of  the  First  Re 
formed  church  at  Grand  Rapids,  Midi.,  1873-91  ; 
and  was  appointed  pastor  of  Trinity  Reformed 
church  at  Chicago,  111.,  in  1891.  During  his 
pastorate  at  Grand  Rapids  he  was  appointed  by 
the  General  Synod  of  the  Reformed  Church  in 
America  lector  in  Biblical  Greek  and  exegesis, 
and  served  as  such,  1884-86.  He  was  elected 
stated  clerk  of  the  board  of  superintendents  of 
the  Seminary  at  Holland,  Mich.,  in  1883  ;  stated 
olerk  of  the  particular  synod  of  Chicago  in  1885  ; 


stated  clerk  of  the  classis  of  Illinois  in  1895,  and 
served  as  a  member  of  the  council  of  Hope  college 
for  many  years.  He  was  vice-president  of  the 
General  Synod  of  the  Reformed  church  in  1888. 
He  was  twice  married,  first  on  Sept.  1,  1869,  to 
Fannie  J.  Guy,  of  Holland,  Mich.,  who  died  in 
July,  1880,  and  secondly  on  June  4,  1883,  to  Maria 
Perry  of  Troupsburg,  N.Y.  The  honorary  degree 
of  D.D.  was  conferred  on  him  by  Heidelberg 
university,  Tiffin,  Ohio,  in  1889.  He  frequently 
delivered  addresses  and  sermons  in  the  Dutch 
language.  He  is  the  author  of  :  History  of  the 
Churches  and  Benevolent  Associations  and  Insti 
tutions  of  Grand  Rapids,  Mich.  (1890),  and 
numerous  contributions  in  the  Dutch  and  Eng 
lish  languages  to  the  leading  periodicals. 

MOFFAT,  Edward  Stewart,  engineer,  was 
born  in  Oxford,  Ohio,  Jan.  5,  1844  ;  son  of  James 
Clement  and  Ellen  (Stewart)  Moffat.  He  was 
matriculated  at  the  College  of  New  Jersey  in  the 
class  of  1863,  but  left  college  in  September,  1861, 
to  enlist  in  the  9th  New  Jersey  volunteers  and 
was  promoted  3d  lieutenant,  May  16,  1862,  and  on 
March  3,  1863,  was  appointed  to  the  signal  corps. 
He  was  brevetted  first  lieutenant  and  captain,  and 
was  mustered  out  Aug.  11,  1865.  He  received  his 
degrees,  A.B.,  1863,  A.M.,  1866,  with  his  class,  and 
was  graduated  at  the  Columbia  School  of  Mines, 
New  York  city,  E.M.,  1868,  first  in  his  class  and 
gold  medalist.  He  was  adjunct  professor  of 
mining  and  metallurgy  at  Lafayette  college, 
Easton,  Pa.,  1868-70.  Through  the  friendship  of 
Alexander  Pardee  he  was  put  into  railroad 
work,  and  served  as  superintendent  of  the  Port 
Oram  iron  works  at  Dover,  N.J. ,  1870-76  ;  of  the 
Secaucus  iron  works,  at  Secaucus,  N.J.,  1876-78, 
and  of  the  Muskenetcong  iron  works  at  Stanhope, 
N.J.,  1878-82.  He  was  superintendent  of  the 
Lacka  wanna  Iron  and  Coal  company  at  Scran  ton, 
Pa.,  1882-87 ;  general  manager  of  the  company, 
1887-92,  and  president  and  general  manager, 
1892-93.  He  was  a  member  of,  and  held  offices  in, 
the  American  Institute  of  Mining  Engineers,  to 
whose  transactions  he  contributed  scientific 
papers.  He  was  married,  Oct.  16,  1872,  to  Anna 
Robeson,  daughter  of  Prof.  W.  McCartney,  of 
Easton,  Pa.,  and  had  sons,  Edward  Stuart  Moffat 
and  Douglas  Maxwell  Moffat.  He  died  at  Scran- 
ton,  Pa..  Aug.  4,  1893. 

MOFFAT,  James  Clement,  educator,  was 
born  in  Glencree,  Gallovvayshire,  Scotland,  May 
30,  1811  ;  son  of  David  Douglas  and  Margaret 
(Clement)  Moffat,  persons  of  humble  station.  He 
was  a  shepherd  boy  until  1827,  and  worked  at 
the  printer's  trade,  1828-33,  meantime  preparing 
himself  for  college.  He  immigrated  to  the 
United  States  in  1833  :  entered  the  College  of 
New  Jersey  at  the  expense  of  a  Mr.  Douglas,  and 
was  graduated  valedictorian,  A.B.,  1835,  A.M., 

[513] 


MOFFAT 


MOIIR 


1838.  He  was  a  tutor  in  a  family  in  New  Haven 
and  post  graduate  student  at  Yale.  1835-37  ;  a 
tutor  in  Greek  at  the  College  of  New  Jersey, 
1837-39  :  professor  of  Latin  and  Greek  at  Lafay 
ette  college,  Pa.,  1839-41,  and  of  Roman  lan 
guage  and  literature  and  of  modern  history  at 
Miami  university,  Ohio,  1841-52.  He  was  licensed 


to  preach  by  the  presbytery  of  Oxford,  Ohio,  in 
January.  1851  ;  ordained  in  October,  1851  ;  was  pro 
fessor  of  Greek  and  Hebrew  in  the  Cincinnati  The 
ological  seminary,  1852-53,  and  professor  of  Latin 
language  and  history  in  the  College  of  New  Jersey, 
1853-54,  of  Greek  language  and  literature,  1854-63, 
and  lecturer  on  Greek  literary  history  there,  1861- 
77.  He  was  Helena  professor  of  church  history 
in  Princeton  Theological  seminary,  1861-88,  and 
professor  emeritus,  1888-90.  He  received  the  de 
gree  D.D.  from  Miami  in  1853.  He  was  married, 
first,  Oct.  13,  1840,  to  Ellen,  daughter  of  John  and 
Elizabeth  Stewart  of  Easton,  Pa.  She  died, 
July  15,  1849,  and  he  was  married,  secondly,  to 
Mary  B.,  daughter  of  Professor  Thomas  J.  Mat 
thews  of  Miami  university,  Ohio.  By  his  first 
marriage  he  had  three  children :  a  son  and 
daughter  who  died  in  infancy,  and  a  son,  Edward 
Stewart  (q.v.),  and  by  his  second  marriage  ten 
children  :  two  sons  and  a  daughter,  who  died  in 
infancy  ;  James  Douglas,  Princeton,  1873,  archi 
tect,  Ne\v  York  city  ;  Henry,  physician,  Yonkers, 
N.Y.  ;  Alexander.  Princeton,  1884,  electrical  en 
gineer  and  foot-ball  authority  ;  William  David, 
and  three  daughters.  He  was  the  author  of  :  A 
Rhyme  of  the  North  Country  (1847);  Life  of  Dr. 
Chalmers  (1853);  Introduction  to  the  Study  of 
Esthetics  (1856,  2d  edition.  1860);  Comparative 
History  of  Religions  ( 1871-73) ;  Song  and  Scenery, 
or  a  Summer  Ramble  in  Scotland  (1874) ;  Alrnyn, 
a  Romance  of  Study  (poem.  1875);  The  Church  in 
Scotland  (1882):  Church  History  in  Brief  (1885) ; 
The  Story  of  a  Dedicated  Life  (1887).  He  died 
in  Princeton.  N.J..  June  7,  1890. 

MOFFAT,  James  David,  educator,  was  born  in 
New  Lisbon.  Ohio.  March  15.  1846:  son  of  the 
Rev.  John  and  Mary  Ann  (McNeelan)  Moffat  : 
grandson  of  James  Moffat  of  Scotland,  and  of 
George  McNeelan  of  Homeworth,  Ohio.  He  was 


graduated  at  Washington  and  Jefferson  college,. 
A.B.,  1869  ;  studied  at  Princeton  Theological 
seminary,  1869-71  ;  was  licensed  to  preach,  April 
14,  1871,  and  ordained  by  the  presbytery  of  Wash 
ington,  May  8,  1S73.  He  was  a  stated  supply  at 
the  Second  Presbyterian 
church,  Wheeling,  W.  Va., 
of  which,  his  father  was  pas 
tor,  1871-73 ;  was  assistant 
pastor  there,  1873-75,  and 
succeeded  his  father  as  pas 
tor,  1875-82.  He  was  married, 
Sept.  6,  1876,  to  Elizabeth 
Dalzell,  daughter  of  Henry  Crangle  of  Wheeling, 
W.  Va.  He  was  elected  president  of  Washington 
and  Jefferson  college,  Nov.  16,  1881,  assumed  the 
presidency,  Jan.  1.  1882,  and  was  officially  inaug 
urated,  June  20,  1882.  He  received  the  degree  of 
D.D.  from  Hanover  college,  Indiana,  in  1882  ;  from 
the  College  of  New  Jersey  in  1883,  and  that  of 
LL.D.  from  the  Western  University  of  Pennsyl 
vania  in  1897.  He  was  an  editorial  contributor 
of  the  Presbyterian  Banner  at  Pittsburg.  Pa., 
1893-99,  and  became  one  of  its  editors  in  1000. 

MOHR,  Charles  (Carl)  Theodor,  botanist,  was 
born  in  Esslingen,  Wurtemberg,  Germany,  Dec. 
28,  1824 ;  son  of  Louis  M.  Mohr.  He  attended 
scientific  schools  in  Germany  and  was  a  member 
of  August  Kappler'.:  exploring  expedition  to 
Dutch  Guiana  in  1845.  He  immigrated  to  America 
upon  the  outbreak  of  the  California  gold  fever  in 
1849,  and  engaged  in  business  as  a  pharmacist  at 
Louisville,  Ky.,  1853-57,  and  at  Mobile,  Ala.,  1857- 
92.  He  was  married,  March  12,  1852,  to  Sophia 
Roemer  of  Louisville.  He  explored  the  forests  of 
the  Gulf  states  for  the  10th  census,  1880-81 ,  and 
in  1892  he  retired  from  business  and  engaged  in 
forestry  and  botanical  research.  He  was  chosen 
botanist  of  the  geological  survey  of  Alaha.ma  in 
1884  and  was  elected  agent  of  the  forestry  divi 
sion  of  the  U.S.  department  of  agriculture  in 

1889.  The  honorary  degree  of  Ph.D.    was    con 
ferred  on  him  by  the  University  of   Alabama  in 

1890.  He  was  elected  a  corresponding  member 
of  the   Philadelphia  Academy  of    Science  ;   the 
Torrey  Botanical  club  of  New  York  ;  the  Massa 
chusetts  Horticultural  society  ;  the  Philadelphia 
College  of  Pharmacy  ;  was  an  honorary  member 
of  the  state  pharmaceutical  associations  of  Loui 
siana.  Missouri  and  Ohio  ;  a  member  of  the  com 
mittee  of  revision  of  the  U.S.   Pharmacopoeia  in 
1890  ;  a  fellow  of  the  American   Association  for 
the  Advancement  of  Science,  and  a  non-resident 
member  of  the  Washington  Academy  of  Sciences 
and  the  Society  of  American  Foresters.     He  is  the 
author   of:     The    Timber   Pines   of  the  Southern 
United   States    (1896);    Plant   Life   of  Alabama 
(1901).  and    contributions  to   the   National  Her 
barium.   He  died  in  Asheville,  N.C.,  July  17,  1901. 


[514] 


MOLDEXKE 


MOLINEUX 


MOLDENKE,  Charles  Edward,  Egyptologist, 

was  born  in  Lyck,  East  Prussia,  Oct.  10,  18(50  ; 
son  of  the  Rev.  Edward  Frederick  and  Elise 
(Harder)  Moldenke.  He  was  brought  to  the 
United  States  by  his  parents  in  1861,  \vas  gradu 
ated  at  Columbia  university,  A.B..  18T9,  A.M., 

1883,  and  studied  theology  in  the  Lutheran  Theo 
logical   seminary   at  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  1879-80. 
He  was  a  student  in  the  universities  of  Halle  and 
Strassburg,    Germany,   1880-84,  received  the  de 
gree  Ph.D.    from  the   latter  in  1884,  and   made  a 
specialty  of  Egyptology,  studying  under  Johannes 
Diimichen.     He  returned  to  the  United  States  in 

1884,  was  ordained  to  the  Lutheran  ministry  in 
New  York  city  in  1885,  was  pastor  of  Lutheran 
churches  in  New  York  city,  Jersey  City  Heights 
and  Mt.  Vernon,  N.  Y.,  and  devoted  his  leisure  to 
literary   work.     He  resigned  from  the  ministry, 
December,  1900,  to  give  all  his  time  to  Egyptology. 
He  wa,s  married,    Sept.  26,   1894,  to  Sophia  Meta, 
daughter  of  John  D.  Heins  of  New  York.     He  is 
the  author   of  :    The  Egyptian   Origin    of    Our 
Alphabet    (1886);    The    Trees    of  Ancient  Egypt 
(1886);  The  New  York  Obelisk  (1891);  The  Tale  of 
the    Two    Brothers     (1898);     Egyptian     Classics 
(1900). 

MOLDENKE,  Edward  Frederick,  educator 
and  clergyman,  was  born  at  Insterburg,  East 
Prussia,  Aug.  10,  1836.  He  was  graduated  at  the 
college  in  Lyck  in  1853,  and  studied  theology  at 
the  University  of  Konigsberg,  1853-55,  and  at  the 

University  of  Halle, 
1855-57.  He  was 
licensed  to  preach  in 
1857,  and  admitted  to 
the  Lutheran  minis 
try  in  1858.  He  was 
principal  of  the 
church  school  at  Eck- 
ersberg.  Prussia,  in 
1859,  and  instructor  in 
the  gymnasium  at 
Lyck,  1859-61.  He 
was  married,  Oct.  2, 
1859,  to  Elise.  daugh 
ter  of  Councilor  A. 
Harder  of  Prussia. 
He  was  sent  as  a 

traveling  missionary  to  the  synod  of  Wisconsin 
in  July,  1861,  and  preached  throughout  Wisconsin 
and  Minnesota  until  1864,  when  lie  became  pro 
fessor  of  theology  in  the  Theological  Seminary  of 
the  Wisconsin  Synod  at  Watertown  and  professor 
of  German  and  mathematics  in  the  Lutheran  col 
lege  at  Watertown  in  1865.  He  was  pastor  of  a 
German  and  Polish  congregation  in  Johannis- 
burg,  East  Prussia,  1866-69 :  and  established 
Zion's  Lutheran  church  in  New  York  city  in  1869, 
which  was  afterward  united  with  St.  Peter's 

[515] 


Lutheran  chui'ch  of  which  he  became  pastor  in 
1871.  He  was  elected  president  of  the  general 
council  of  the  Lutheran  church  in  North  America 
in  1895.  He  received  the  degrees  M.  A.  and  Ph.D. 
from  the  University  of  Rostock,  Germany,  in 
1865,  and  D.D.  from  Muhlenberg  college,  Allen- 
town,  Pa.,  in  1887.  He  was  editor  of  several 
Lutheran  papers,  and  established  and  edited 
Siloah.  the  first  and  then  only  German  monthly 
for  home  missions,  1882-89.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  select  committee  with  Drs.  Schmucker 
and  Spiith  that  prepared  the  German  Kirchen- 
buch.  He  contributed  to  a  Berlin  religious  jour 
nal  a  series  of  articles  entitled  Five  Years  in 
America  (1868-70),  and  a  Church  History  of  New 
York  (1870-73).  He  edited  Darstellung  der  mod- 
ernen  deittschen  Theologie  vom  Lntherischen 
Standpunkte  aus  (1865),  and  is  the  author  of : 
Das  heilige  Vaterunser  (1878);  Luther-Biichlein,a> 
poem  (1879),  and  a  collection  of  Lectures  given 
in  Cooper  Institute,  New  York. 

MOLINEUX,  Edward  Leslie,  soldier,  was  born 
in  London,  England,  Oct.  12,  1833  ;  son  of  Will 
iam  and  Maria  (Leslie)  Molineux.  He  came  to 
the  United  States  with  his  parents  in  1834,  and 
settled  in  New  York  city.  He  was  educated  at 
the  Mechanics  Society  school  in  New  York  city, 
and  in  1854  joined  the  Brooklyn  City  Guard,  13th 
Artillery.  He  enlisted  as  private  in  the  7th  New 
York  volunteers  in  1861,  and  was  influential  in 
organizing  the  23d  regiment  and  the  llth  brigade 
of  the  New  York  national  guard.  He  was  com 
missioned  brigade-major  and  subsequently  lieu 
tenant-colonel  in  1862  ;  and  in  the  same  year  or 
ganized  for  the  war  the  159th  volunteers,  and  was 
its  lieutenant-colonel  and  colonel.  He  joined 
General  Banks  in  his  expedition  to  New  Orleans 
in  December,  1862,  and  was  severely  wounded  in 
the  action  at  Irish  Bend,  April  14,  1863,  and  in 
valided  to  New  York.  He  patroled  the  river 
front  of  New  York  imder  General  Butler  during 
the  draft  riots  in  July,  1863,  returning  to  the 
front  as  soon  as  his  wounds  permitted,  the  same 
month.  He  served  as  assistant  inspector-general 
of  the  19th  army  corps  during  the  Red  River  cam 
paign  on  the  staff  of  Gen.  W.  B.  Franklin,  and  as 
a  commissioner  for  the  exchange  of  prisoners  ; 
was  made  military  commander  of  La  Fourche 
district.  Louisiana,  and  organized  the  Louisiana 
Union  Scouts  in  1864  ;  was  assigned  to  the  com 
mand  of  the  2d  brigade,  2d  division,  19th  army 
corps,  and  also  commanded  a  temporary  division 
of  his  own  and  the  3d  brigade,  1st  division,  at 
Monette's  Ferry,  where  he  was  opposed  by  the 
Confederate  brigade  of  H.  P.  Bee.  He  com 
manded  the  2d  brigade,  2d  division,  19th  corps, 
throughout  the  Shenandoah  campaign,  and  was 
brevetled  brigadier-general  of  volunteers,  Oct. 
19,  1864,  for  gallantry  at  Fisher's  Hill,  Winches- 


MOLINEUX 


MONDELL 


ter  and  Cedar  Creek.  He  commanded  Savannah. 
Ga.,  January  to  June,  1865,  and  the  district  of 
northern  Georgia,  with  headquarters  at  Augusta, 
June,  1865,  and  at  the  latter  place  received  the 
thanks  of  the  inhabitants  at  the  close  of  the  war. 
He  was  brevetted  major-general  of  volunteers, 
March  13,  1865,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  serv 
ices  during  the  war.  He  was  appointed  brigadier- 
general  of  the  llth  brigade,  N.Y.  state  militia  in 
1880.  and  was  promoted  major-general  of  the  3d 
division  in  1885.  After  the  close  of  the  war  he 
resumed  his  business  as  a  manufacturer  of  paint 
in  New  York  city. 

MOLINEUX,  Marie  Ada,  author,  was  born  in 
Centreville,  Alvarado  county,  Cal.,  granddaugh 
ter  of  James  McHard  Kast  Molineux  of  Boston 
and  a  descendant  of  Robert  Molineux  of  Boston, 
born  1760.  She  removed  to  Boston  and  received 
her  early  education  at  Chauncy  Hall  school.  She 
was  graduated  from  Boston  university,  A.B., 
1879,  A.M.,  1880,  Ph.D.,  1882,  and  studied  at  the 
Massachusetts  Institute  of  Technology.  She  de 
voted  herself  to  the  study  of  bacteriology ; 
taught  psychology  ;  was  secretary  of  the  Boston 
Browning  society,  and  gained  recognition  as  a 
lecturer  on  literary,  artistic  and  scientific  topics, 
being  perhaps  best  known  as  a  leader  in  the 
study  of  Browning.  She  is  the  author  of :  A 
Phrase  Book  from  the  Poetic  and  Dramatic  Works 
of  Robert  Browning  (1896),  and  contributions  to 
various  periodicals. 

MOMBERT,  Jacob  Isidor,  church  historian, 
was  born  in  Cassel,  Germany,  Nov.  26,  1829.  He 
received  his  early  education  in  his  native  place, 
and  engaged  in  business  in  England.  He  studied 
at  the  universities  of  Leipzig  and  Heidelberg,  1853- 
56,  was  ordered  deacon  in  the  Established  Church, 
London,  England,  in  1856,  and  was  sent  to  Can 
ada,  where  he  was  ordained  priest  in  1857.  He 
was  curate  of  Trinity  church,  Quebec,  1857-59, 
and  rector  of  St.  James,  Lancaster,  Pa.,  1859-70  : 
of  St.  John's,  Dresden,  Germany,  1870-76  ;  of 
Christ  church,  Jersey  City,  N.J.,  1877-79;  of 
St.  John's,  Passaic,  N.J.,  1879-82,  and  after  1882 
devoted  himself  to  literary  work.  He  received 
the  degree  of  D.D.  from  the  University  of  Penn 
sylvania  in  1866.  He  was  married,  July  5,  1860, 
to  Emma  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Dr.  F.  A.  Muhl- 
enberg  of  Lancaster,  Pa.  He  translated  Tholuck's 
Psalms  (1856),  and  Lange's  Commentary  on  the 
Catholic  Epistles  (1867) ;  edited  with  prolegomena 
Tyndale's  Five  Books  of  Moses  from  the  edition 
of  1530  in  the  Lenox  library,  New  York  city,  to 
gether  with  the  Pentateuch  in  the  Vulgate, 
Luther's  and  Matthew's  Bible  (1884).  He  is  the 
author  of  :  Authentic  History  of  Lancaster  County, 
Pa.  (1868);  Faith  Victorious,  or  life  of  the  Rev. 
Johann  Ebel.  Archdeacon  of  Konigsberg,  Prus 
sia  (1882);  Handbook  of  the  English  Versions  of 


the  Bible,  with  comparative  tables  (1883);  Great 
Lives,  a  Course  of  History  in  Biography  (1886)  ; 
History  of  diaries  the  Great  (1888);  Short  His- 
tori/  of  the  Crusades  (1894);  and  Raphael's  Sistine 
Madonna. 

MONAGHAN,  James  Charles,  educator,  was 
born  in  Boston,  Mass.,  Oct.  11,  1857  ;  son  of 
James  and  Mary  Ann  O'Neill  (Brown)  Monaghan. 
He  was  obliged  to  work  for  a  living  at  an  early 
age  and  obtained  employment  in  a  cotton  mill  at 
Salem,  Mass.,  and  later  at  Providence,  R.I.  He 
attended  evening  schools  and  in  1873  entered 
Howry's  academy.  He  was  graduated  from 
Brown  university  in  1885.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  city  council  and  school  board  of  Providence  ; 
canvassed  the  country  for  Grover  Cleveland  in 
1884,  and  was  U.S.  consul  at  Mannheim,  Germany, 
1886-89.  He  was  a  student  at  Heidelberg,  1889- 
90,  and  studied  law  and  engaged  in  newspaper 
work  in  the  United  States,  1890-93.  He  was 
prominent  in  the  canvass  for  Cleveland  in  1892, 
and  was  U.S.  consul  at  Chemnitz,  Saxony, 
Germany,  1893-99.  He  was  elected  professor  of 
commerce  at  the  University  of  Wisconsin  in  1899. 
He  was  a  delegate  to  the  World's  commercial 
congress  of  1899,  and  delivered  an  address  before 
the  convocation  of  the  regents  of  the  University 
of  New  York  in  1900. 

MONAGHAN,  John  James,  R.  C.  bishop,  was 
born  in  Sumter,  S.C.,  May  23, 1856  ;  son  of  Thomas 
and  Margaret  (Bogau)  Monaghan,  who  came  from 
Ireland  in  1850.  He  attended  St.  Charles  college, 
Md.,  1872-76,  and  St.  Mary's  Theological  seminary, 
Baltimore,  Md.,  and  was  ordained  priest  at 
Charleston,  S.C.,  Dec.  19,  1880.  He  was  assistant 
priest  at  St.  Joseph's,  and  later  at  St.  Patrick's, 
Charleston;  was  rector  at  Greenville,  S.C.,  1882- 
87  ;  pro-rector  at  the  Cathedral,  Charleston,  and 
chancellor  of  the  diocese,  1887-88.  He  was  assist 
ant  to  the  vicar-general  at  St.  Patrick's,  Charles 
ton,  1888-97,  and  was  consecrated  bishop  of  Wil 
mington  in  the  Pro-Cathedral  at  Wilmington, 
May  9,  1897,  by  Cardinal  Gibbons,  assisted  by 
Bishops  Curtis  and  Northrop. 

MONDELL,  Frank  Wheeler,  representative, 
was  born  in  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  Nov.  6,  1860;  son  of 
Ephraim  and  Nancy  (Goold)Mondell.  His  parents 
died  before  he  reached  the  age  of  six,  and  he  was 
taken  into  the  family  of  a  Congregational  min 
ister  who  moved  to  Iowa,  where  he  lived  on  a 
farm  until  he  was  eighteen  years  old,  and  at 
tended  the  district  school  in  winter,  also  receiv 
ing  some  instruction  at  home.  He  engaged  in 
mercantile  business,  in  mining,  and  in  railway 
construction  in  various  states  and  territories 
until  1887.  when  he  settled  at  New  Castle, 
Wyoming  Territory,  and  engaged  in  the  develop 
ment  of  coal  mines  and  oil  wells  in  and  about 
Newcastle  and  Cambria,  and  was  influential  in 


[516] 


MONEY 


MONFORT 


•establishing  and  building  up  (lie  city  of  New 
Castle  of  which  he  was  mayor,  1888-95.  He  was 
a  member  of  the  state  senate,  1890-94,  and  presi 
dent  of  that  body,  1892-94.  He  was  a  delegate  to 
the  Republican  national  conventions  of  1892  and 
1900  ;  was  the  representative  at  large  from  "Wyo 
ming  in  the  54th  congress,  1895-97  ;  was  assistant 
commissioner  of  the  General  Land  Office,  1897- 
99,  and  the  representative  at  large  from  the  state 
in  the  56th  and  57th  congresses.  1899-1903. 

MONEY,  Hernando  de  Soto,  senator,  was  born 
in  Holmes  county,  Miss..  Aug.  26,  1839;  son  of 
Peirson  and  Tryphena  (Vardaman)  Money,  and 
grandson  of  James  and  Mar}'  (Pendry)  Money, 
and  of  Jeremiah  and  Sarah  (Smith)  Vardaman. 
His  paternal  ancestors  were  English,  originally 
Norman,  the  old  spelling  of  the  name  being  De 
Morney  :  and  his  first  ancestor  in  America  landed 
in  New  York.  He  was  graduated  at  the  Univer 
sity  of  Mississippi,  LL.B.,  1860,  and  served  in  the 
Confederate  army  up  to  Sept.  26,  1864,  when  he 
was  forced  to  resign  on  account  of  defective  eye 
sight.  He  was  married  Nov.  5.  1863,  to  Claudia, 
daughter  of  George  Boddieof  Hinds  county,  Miss. 
He  settled  in  law  practice  in  Carollton,  and  also 
engaged  in  planting.  He  was  a  representative 
from  the  fourth  Mississippi  district  in  the  44th, 
45th.  46th,  47th  and  48th  congresses,  1875-85,  and 
in  the  53d  and  54th  congresses,  1893-97.  He  was 
•elected  to  the  U.S.  senate.  January,  1896,  for  the 
term  beginning  March  4,  1899.  On  Oct.  8,  1897, 
he  was  appointed  U.S.  senator  to  fill  the  vacancy 
caused  by  the  death  of  Senator  James  Z.  George, 
Aug.  14, 1897,  and  in  January.  1898,  he  was  elected 
for  the  remainder  of  the  term  expiring  March  4, 
1899.  when  his  own  term  began. 

MONFORT,  Francis  Cassatt,  clergyman 
and  author,  was  born  in  Greensburg,  Decatur 
county,  Ind.,  Sept.  1,  1844;  son  of  the  Rev. 
.Joseph  Glass  (q.v.)  and  Hannah  (Riggs)  Mon- 
fort,  and  grandson  of  the  Rev.  Elias  Riggs.  He 
was  graduated  at  Wabash  college,  Ind.,  A.B., 
1864.  A.M.,  1867  ;  attended  McCormick  Theolog 
ical  seminary  in  1865  ;  Lane  Theological  semi 
nary  in  1866  ;  the  University  of  Edinburgh, 
Scotland,  and  the  University  of  Berlin,  Ger 
many,  1867-69  ;  was  ordained  by  the  presby 
tery  of  Cincinnati  in  1870,  and  was  pastor  of  the 
Fourth  Presbyterian  church,  Cincinnati,  Ohio, 
1869-73.  He  was  married.  May  17.  1871,  to  Anna 
Louisa,  daughter  of  William  S.  Hubbard  of  In 
dianapolis,  Ind.  He  became  associated  with  his 
father  and  his  brother,  E.  R.  Monfort,  in  editing 
the  Herald  and  Presbyter  at  Cincinnati,  in  1873, 
and  \vas  pastor  of  the  First  Presbyterian  church 
in  Cincinnati.  Ohio,  1879-88.  He  was  prominent 
in  the  councils  of  the  Presbyterian  church.  He 
received  the  degree  D.D.  from  Wooster  univer 
sity,  Ohio,  in  1883.  He  is  the  author  of  :  Sermons 


[51 


for  Silent  Sabbaths  (1884);  Socialism  and  City 
Evangelization  (1887) ;  The  Law  of  Appeals  (1893) 
and  Ecclesiastical  Discipline  (1900). 

MONFORT,  Joseph  Glass,  clergyman,  was 
born  in  Warren  county,  Ohio,  Dec.  9,  1810  ;  son 
of  the  Rev.  Francis  and  Sophia  (Glass)  Mon 
fort  ;  grandson  of  Lawrence  and  Elizabeth 
(Cassatt)  Monfort,  and  of  Joseph  and  Elizabeth 
(Wilson)  Glass,  and 
a  descendant  of  John 
Monfort,  the  emi 
grant  from  Holland, 
1630,  and  of  Zebulon 
Riggs.  who  came 
from  Ireland  in  1627. 
He  was  graduated  at 
Miami  university, 
Ohio.  A.B.,  1834,  A. 
M.,  1837,  and  was 
prepared  for  the  min 
istry  at  the  Theo 
logical  seminary, New 
Albany,  Ind.,  1835- 
36.  He  established 
in  1836,  in  connec 
tion  with  Dr.  W.  L.  Breckinridge,  the  Pres 
byterian  Herald  at  Louisville,  Ky., and  edited  it, 
1836-37.  He  was  licensed  by  the  presbytery  of 
Oxford  in  September,  1837  ;  succeeded  his  father 
as  pastor  at  Hamilton,  Ohio,  1837,  and  was  pastor 
at  Greensburg  and  Sandy  Creek,  Ind.,  1838-42. 
He  was  married,  Oct.  8,  1839,  to  Hannah,  daugh 
ter  of  the  Rev.  Elias  Riggs,  of  New  Providence, 
N.  J.  He  was  agent  for  the  Theological  seminary 
at  New  Albany,  Ind.  (which  became  McCormick 
Theological  seminary,  Chicago.  111.),  1842-44, 
and  pastor  at  Greensburg,  Ind.,  1844-55.  He 
became  editor  of  the  Presbyterian  of  the  West  in 
1855  ;  changed  its  name  to  The  Presbyter  in  1860, 
and  in  1869  united  it  with  the  Christian  Herald 
at  Cincinnati  under  the  name  Presbyter  and 
Herald,  and  continued  to  edit  it  alone  until  1873, 
when  he  was  joined  by  his  sons,  E.  R.  and  Francis 
C.  Monfort  (q.v.).  He  was  president  of  Glendale 
Female  college,  Ohio,  1856-65  ;  a  member  of  the 
joint  committee  on  the  reunion  of  the  Presbyte 
rian  churches  in  1806,  and  author  of  the  Newark, 
Ohio,  memorial,  signed  by  seventy  clergymen  and 
forty  ruling  elders  favoring  reunion.  He  was  a 
trustee  of  Hanover  college,  1847-84 ;  of  Lane 
Theological  seminary,  1870-94,  and  a  director  of 
the  Theological  Seminary  of  the  Northwest.  He 
was  also  treasurer  of  Lane  Theological  seminary, 
1871-83,  and  a  member  of  the  church  extension 
committee  and  of  the  boards  of  domestic  and 
foreign  missions.  He  received  the  honorary  de 
gree  of  D.D.  from  Centre  college,  Ky.,  in  1853, 
and  that  of  LL.D.  from  Hanover  college,  Ind.,  in 
1884. 
>J 


MONROE 


MONROE 


MONROE,  Elizabeth  Kortright,  wife  of  Presi 
dent  Monroe,  was  born  in  New  York  city  in  1768  ; 
daughter  of  Capt.  Lawrence  Kortright,  an  officer 
in  the  British  army.  She  was  educated  in  New 
York  city,  and  was  married  in  178">  to  James 

Monroe,  while  he  was 
delegate  from  Vir 
ginia  to  the  Conti 
nental  congress.  They 
removed  to  Philadel 
phia  in  1790,  whither 
the  seat  of  govern 
ment  had  been  trans 
ferred  after  the  adop 
tion  of  the  Federal 
constitution,  and  was 
a  resident  of  that 
city  while  Monroe 
was  U.S.  senator, 
1790-94.  She  was  in 
France,  1794-96,  and 
while  there  visited 
the  wife  of  the  Marquis  de  Lafayette,  who  had 
been  condemned  to  death  and  with  her  two 
children  was  confined  in  the  prison  of  La  Force. 
Mrs.  Monroe  interested  herself  in  behalf  of  the 
prisoner  and  soon  after  her  visit  the  execution  of 
Madame  Lafayette  was  postponed  and  she  was 
subsequently  liberated.  Mrs.  Monroe  returned 
with  her  husband  to  America  in  1796,  and  settled 
in  Virginia  and  was  with  him  at  Richmond,  1799- 
1802,  while  her  husband  was  governor  of  Vir 
ginia  ;  at  the  Court  of  St.  Jaines,  London, 
1803-06;  and  in  Washington,  1811-17,  when 
her  husband  was  secretary  of  state.  When  the 
war  of  1812  broke  out  and  the  capital  was  threat 
ened  she  retired  with  her  two  daughters,  Eliza 
and  Maria,  to  her  country  seat  at  Oak  Hill,  Lou- 
doun  county,  Va.  She  continued  to  make  Wash 
ington  her  home  after  the  declaration  of  peace 
with  Great  Britain,  and  was  mistress  of  the 
White  House.  1817-23.  Of  her  two  children, 
Eliza,  born  and  educated  in  France,  was  married 
in  1820  to  her  cousin.  Samuel  L.  Gouveneur  of 
New  York  city,  and  was  the  first  daughter  of  a 
President  to  be  married  at  the  White  House,  and 
Maria  was  married  to  George  Hay  of  Virginia, 
who  was  afterward  appointed  U.S.  judge  by 
President  John  Quincy  Adams.  At  the  close  of 
Monroe's  second  term  in  1825  they  removed  to 
Oak  Hill,  Va.,  where  Mrs.  Monroe  died  in  1830. 

MONROE,  James,  fifth  president  of  the  United 
States,  was  born  in  Westmoreland  county,  Va., 
April  28,  1758;  son  of  Spence  and  Eliza  (Jones) 
Monroe,  and  nephew  of  Joseph  Jones  (1727-1805) 
(q.v.).  The  Monroes  came  to  Virginia  about  the 
middle  of  the  seventeenth  century  and  were  of 
Scottish  origin.  James  Monroe  attended  the  Col 
lege  of  William  and  Mary  for  a  short  time  and 


1  783  -  1  784 


upon  the  outbreak  of  the  Revolutionary  war  lie 
was  one  of  the  twenty-five  students  to  enter  the 
military  service.  He  enlisted  in  the  Continental 
army  at  Washington's  headquarters  in  New 
York  city  and  was  appointed  lieutenant  in  the 
3d  Virginia  regiment  under  Col.  Hugh  Mercer. 
He  took  part  in  the  battles  of  Harlem.  White 
Plains  and  Trenton,  and  while  leading  the  ad 
vance  guard  at  Harlem  Heights  he  was  severely 
wounded  in  the  shoulder.  He  served  as  a  volun 
teer  aide  with  the  rank  of  major  on  the  staff  of 
the  Earl  of  Sterling  and  engaged  in  the  battles  of 
the  Brandywine,  Germaiitown  and  Monmouth, 
and  was  recommended  by  General  Washington 
for  a  commission  in  the  state  troops  of  Virginia. 
He  was  not  given  a  field  commission  as  he  de 
sired,  but  the  effort  led  to  his  gaining  the  friend 
ship  of  Governor  Jefferson,  who  sent  him  as  mili 
tary  commissioner  to  collect  information  regard 
ing  the  condition  and  aspects  of  the  army  in  the 
south.  This  commission  gave  him  the  rank  of 
lieutenant-colonel,  but  interrupted  his  services- 
in  the  field.  In  17*2  lie  was  elected  to  the  state 
assembly  and  he  also  served  as  a  member  of  the  ex 
ecutive  council.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  Con 
tinental  con-  OLP  STATE 
gress  assembled 
in  New  York 
city,  1783-86, 
and  while  in 
congress  he  pre 
sented  his  bill 
for  the  tempor 
ary  government 
of  the  newly 
acquired  north  ' 
western  terri-  ' 
tory  by  the 
United  States. 
This  bill  was  the  paramount  issue  of  the  con 
gress,  1784-87,  and  Monroe  twice  crossed  the 
Alleghenies  to  become  familiar  with  th^  condi 
tion  of  the  country.  It  was  finally  settled  by 
the  ordinance  of  Sept.  13.  1787,  for  the  govern 
ment  of  the  Northwest  Territory.  Mr.  Monroe 
was  chosen  one  of  the  nine  judges  to  decide  the 
boundary  question  between  Massachusetts  and 
New  York  in  1784.  and  resigned  this  position  in 
1786,  as  both  the  states  in  question  were  opposed 
to  his  views  as  to  the  right  of  free  navigation  of 
the  Mississippi  and  neither  was  likely  to  accept 
his  judgment  in  the  question  at  issue.  He  was 
married  in  1786  to  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Law 
rence  Kortright  of  New  York  city.  After  the 
expiration  of  his  three  years'  service  in  congress 
he  engaged  in  the  practice  of  law  in  Fredericks- 
burg,  Va.  He  was  elected  a  delegate  to  the  state 
assembly  and  was  a  member  of  the  state  conven 
tion  that  met  at  Richmond  in  1788  to  consider 


[5181 


MONROE 


MONROE 


the  ratification  of  the  Constitution  of  the  United 
States.  Will i  Patrick  Henry,  William  Graysou 
and  George  Mason  he  was  opposed  to  consolida 
tion,  fearing  the  formation  of  a  monarchy  and  pre 
dicting  conflict  between  the  state  and  the  national 
authorities  and  that  a  President  once  elected 
might  continue  for  life.  It  was  only  on  condition 
that  certain  amendments  should  be  made  to  the 
instrument  that  lie  finally  consented  to  its  ratifi 
cation.  Tlie  first  of  the  U.S.  senators  elected 
from  Virginia  were  Richard  Henry  Lee  and 
William  Grayson.  Upon  the  death  of  Grayson 
on  M'ircli  13,  1700,  Governor  Beverley  Randolph 
appointed  John  Walker  to  fill  the  vacancy,  and  on 
the  assembling  of  the  Virginia  legislature  James 
Monroe  was  elected  to  complete  the  term,  and  for 
a  full  term  beginning  March  4.  1791.  He  took 
his  seat  in  the  senate,  Dec.  6,  1790,  and  was  suc 
ceeded,  Dec.  7,  1793,  by  Stevens  Thomson  Mason, 
Senator  Monroe  having  been  appointed  by  Presi 
dent  Washington  U.S.  minister  to  France. 
While  in  the  senate  he  was  an  aggressive  anti- 
Federalist  and  as  such  did  not  support  Washing 
ton's  administration  and  was  especially  hostile  to 
his  secretary  of  the  treasury.  He  objected  to 
the  confirmation  of  many  of  the  President's  ap 
pointments,  notably  those  of  Gouverneur  Morris 
a,s  U.S.  minister  to  France  and  of  John  Jay  as 
U.S.  minister  to  England,  but  notwithstanding 
his  opposition  and  greatly  to  his  surprise  lie  was 
appointed  by  Washington  to  succeed  Morris  to 
France.  He  arrived  in  Paris  at  the  close  of  the 
French  revolution  and  in  the  excitement  of  the 
time  did  not  receive  official  recognition  until  Aug. 
15,  1794.  At  his  onr-ia!  reception  on  that  date  he 
addressed  the  Convention  in  cordial  terms,  but 
was  severely  criticised  in  the  United  States  when 
his  report  readied  the  government,  being  charged 
with  exceeding  his  authority.  Secretary  of  State 
Randolph  feared  that  his  expressed  friendliness 
to  France  might  offend  the  British  ministry,  but 
after  receiving  all  the  dispatches  from  Monroe,  he 
better  understood  the  situation  and  it  was  not  till 
Senator  Pickering  took  up  the  portfolio  of  state 
that  Monroe  was  replaced  by  the  appointment  of 
Charles  C.  Pinckney,  the  date  of  his  recall  being 
Aug.  22,  1796.  He  printed  his  instructions,  his 
correspondence  with  the  French  and  United 
States  governments,  his  speech,  and  letters  re 
ceived  from  the  American  residents  at  the  French 
capital,  in  a  pamphlet  which  was  issued  in  Phila 
delphia  as  "  A  View  of  the  Conduct  of  the  Ex 
ecutive.''  He  was  elected  governor  of  Virginia 
on  the  anti-Federalist  ticket,  serving,  1799-1802. 
Upon  the  election  of  Thomas  Jefferson  as  Presi 
dent,  Monroe  was  returned  to  France  as  an  addi 
tional  plenipotentiary,  and  with  Robert  R.  Liv 
ingston  secured  a  treaty  with  that  country,  ceding 
Louisiana  to  the  United  States,  which  negotia 


tion  resulted  in  the  payment  of  $15,000,000  by  the 
United  States  for  the  American  territory  then 
owned  by  France,  known  as  the  territory  of  Louis 


iana.  On  the  completion  of  his  mission  in  Fiance 
in  1803  he  went  with  Charles  Pinckney  to  nego 
tiate  a  treaty  with  Spain  and  thence  to  London 
as  U.  S.  minister  at  the  court  of  St.  James,  where 
he  was  joined  in  1806  by  William  Pinckney,  sent 
to  act  as  a  commissioner  with  him  in  securing  a 
cessation  of  aggressions  as  exercised  by  the  British 
government  against  neutrals.  In  1807  he  was  sent 
to  Spain  to  negotiate  for  the  purchase  of  Florida 
by  the  United  States.  This  mission  was  unsuccess 
ful  and  he  returned  to  London,  where,  with  Wil 
liam  Pinckney,  he  concluded  the  treaty  with  Great 
Britain  after  long  negotiations.  The  treaty  failed 
to  provide  against  the  impressment  of  American 
seamen  and  secured  no  indemnity  for  loss  sus 
tained  by  Americans  in  the  seizure  of  their  goods 
and  vessels,  and  the  President  refused  to  send  it 
to  the  senate.  Monroe  returned  to  the  United 
States  and  drew  up  a  defence  of  his  official  con 
duct.  He  was  for  a  third  time  elected  a  delegate 
to  the  state  assembly,  and  in  1811  was  again 
elected  governor  of  Virginia,  which  office  he 
filled  for  a  few  months,  when  he  was  appointed 
by  President  Madison  secretary  of  state  as  suc 
cessor  to  Robert  Smith,  who  resigned,  April  1, 
1811,  and  he  held  the  portfolio  until  March  4, 
1817.  He  also  acted  as  secretary  of  war,  1814-15. 
While  a  member  of  the  cabinet,  hostilities  com 
menced  between  the  United  States  and  Great 
Britain ;  the  public  buildings  at  Washington 
were  burned,  and  the  country  was  greatly  de 
pressed.  He  gained  much  praise  for  the  meas 
ures  he  adopted  for  the  safety  of  the  national 
capital  and  for  the  prosecution  of  the  war.  At 
the  Republican  (Democratic)  caucus  held  in 
Washington,  D.C.,  March  16,  1816,  he  was  nom 
inated  for  President  of  the  United  States,  with 
Daniel  D.  Tompkins  of  New  York  for  Vice- 
President.  Rufus  King  of  New  York  was  the 
candidate  of  the  Federalist  party  for  President 
and  John  Eager  Howard  of  Maryland  for  Vice- 
President.  In  the  election  Monroe  and  Tomp 
kins  received  the  support  of  183  electors,  while 


519] 


MONROE 


MONROE 


King  received  34  electoral  votes ;  the  votes  for 
Vice-President  being  :  Howard  22,  James  Ross 
of  Pennsylvania  5,  John  Marshall  of  Virginia  4, 
and  Robert  G.  Harper  of  Maryland  3.  James 
Monroe  was  inaugurated  March  4,  1817,  and  ap 
pointed  John  Quincy  Adams  of  Massachusetts 
secretary  of  state  ;  continued  William  H.  Craw 
ford  of  Georgia  as  secretary  of  the  treasury  ;  ap 
pointed  Isaac  Shelby  of  Kentucky  as  secretary  of 
war,  which  appointment  was  declined  by  General 
Shelby  and  George  Graham  of  Virginia,  chief 


THE     WHITE      HOL/SE.-I8EO 

clerk,  was  appointed  ad  interim,  being  succeeded 
by  John  C.  Calhoun  of  South  Carolina  the  same 
year.  He  continued  Benjamin  W.  Crowninshield 
of  Massachusetts  as  secretary  of  the  navy,  and  on 
his  resignation  in  November,  1818,  appointed  as 
his  successor  Smith  Thompson  of  New  York,  on 
whose  appointment  to  the  supreme  bench  Samuel 
L.  Southard  of  New  Jersey  succeeded  him.  In 
the  attorney -general's  office  he  requested  Richard 
Rush  of  Pennsylvania  to  continue  in  office,  but 
soon  after  appointed  him  U.S.  minister  to  Eng 
land,  and  appointed  William  Wirt  of  Virginia 
his  successor.  He  secured  the  continuance  of 
the  services  of  Return  J.  Meigs,  Jr.,  of  Ohio,  as 
postmaster-general  until  1823,  when  he  appointed 
John  McLean  of  Ohio  as  his  successor.  The 
foreign  missions  were  filled  by  :  Richard  Rusli  to 
Great  Britain  ;  James  Brown  of  Louisiana  to 
France  ;  George  W.  Campbell  of  Tennessee  to 
Russia,  succeeded  in  1820  by  Henry  Middleton  of 
South  Carolina  ;  John  Forsyth  of  Georgia  to 
Spain,  followed  in  1823  by  Hugh  Nelson  of  Vir 
ginia.  His  only  appointment  to  the  supreme 
bench  was  that  of  Smith  Thompson  of  New  York 
to  be  associate  justice  in  1823.  The  administra 
tion  of  President  Monroe  was  unattended  by  any 
great  political  discussion  and  the  general  prosper 
ity  and  healthy  growth  incident  to  a  period  of 
peace  and  to  the  acquisition  and  settlement  of 
new  territory  resulted  in  the  appearance  of  no 
opposition  to  the  continuation  of  his  administra 
tion  for  another  term  and  in  1820  no  nominations 
were  made  by  either  party.  In  the  election  of 
November,  1820,  231  electors  were  favorable  to 
his  re-election,  and  his  secretary  of  state,  John 
Quincy  Adams  of  Massachusetts,  secured  the 
support  of  the  one  other  elector.  Vice-President 
Daniel  D.  Tompkins  secured  21 8  electors.  Richard 
Stockton  of  New  Jersey  eight.  Daniel  Rodney  of 
Delaware  four,  Robert  G.  Harper  of  Maryland  and 


Richard  Rush  of  Pennsylvania  one  each.  Presi 
dent  Monroe's  second  election  was  thus  practically 
unanimous,  the  party  he  represented  meeting 
with  no  opposition,  a  unique  instance  in  the 
history  of  American  politics.  He  continued  his 
cabinet  as  composed  during  his  first  administra 
tion,  making  the  few  changes  noted  under  that 
head.  In  his  message  to  congress  in  1823  Presi 
dent  Monroe  referred  to  the  proposed  intervention 
of  the  allied  powers  of  Europe  as  indicated  by  the 
news  of  the  proceedings  of  the  congress  of  Verona, 
October-December,  1822,  where  a  project  had  been 
discussed  to  aid  Spain  in  recovering  her  domain 
in  America,  in  these  words  :  "  We  should  con 
sider  any  attempt  on  their  part  to  extend  their 
system  to  any  portion  of  this  hemisphere  as  dan 
gerous  to  our  peace  and  safety,"  and  in  another 
place  :  "  The  American  continents  by  the  free  and 
independent  condition  which  they  have  assumed 
and  maintained  are  henceforth  not  to  be  consid 
ered  as  subjects  for  future  colonization  by  any 
European  powers."  This  unwritten  law  at  once 
consistent  with  international  rights  and  justified 
by  self-defence  became  known  and  respected 
as  the  "  Monroe  Doctrine,"  and  has  been  main 
tained  by  the  United  States  on  all  subsequent  oc 
casions,  notably  in  matters  relating  to  the  Isth 
mus  of  Panama  ;  in  the  case  of  French  interven 
tion  in  Mexico  under  Maximilian,  and  in  the 
Nicaragua  canal  treaty,  signed  Nov.  18,  1901, 
following  which  Secretary  of  State  Hay  said  : 
"  The  briefest  expression  of  our  rule  of  conduct 
is,  perhaps,  the  Monroe  Doctrine  and  the  Golden 
Rule.  With  this  simple  chart  we  can  hardly  go 
far  wrong."  During  his  administration  President 
Monroe  made  a  formal  visit  to  the  principal  cities 
of  the  northern  and  southern  states.  On  Feb.  22, 
1819,  the  purchase  of  the  Floridas  was  concluded 
by  a  treaty  with  Spain,  thus  giving  the  United 
States  control  of  the  entire  Atlantic  coast  from 
the  St.  Croix  to  the  Sabine.  Although  favoring 
internal  improvements,  he  vetoed  the  Cumberland 
Road  bill,  May  4,  1822,  holding  that  congress  had 
no  authority  to  make  appropriations  for  internal 
uses,  unless  of  national  significance,  but  lie  also 
believed  that  the  minor  improvements  of  the  in 
terior  should  be  left  to  the  separate  states.  The 
national  reception  of  the  Marquis  de  Lafayette  as 
the  nation's  guest  occurred,  1824-25,  during 
Monroe's  administration.  At  the  close  of  his 
second  administration  in  1825  he  retired  to  his 
county  seat  at  Oak  Hill,  Loudoun  count}',  Va., 
and  subseqently  went  to  live  with  his  son-in-law, 
Samuel  L.  Gouverneur,  then  postmaster  of  New 
York  city.  He  was  financially  embarrassed  and 
intended  to  enter  upon  the  practice  of  the  law  in 
New  York,  but  he  found  serious  obstacles  in  his 
health  and  age,  and  not  even  his  prestige  as  an 
Ex-President  served  to  procure  him  clients.  He 


[520] 


MONROE 


MONTAGUE 


lived  the  life  of  a  recluse. — indeed  many  persons 
did  not  know  of  his  residence  in  New  York  city 
until  the  news  of  his  death  was  published.  The 
citizens  of  the  city  of  New  York  united  to  do 
him  honor  and  the  funeral  held  July  7,  1831,  was 
a  public  one.  The  remains  were  buried  in  the 
Marble  cemetery  on  Second  Street.  New  York. 
On  April  6,  1808.  the  general  assembly  of  Virginia 
appropriated  $2000  for  their  removal  to  his  native 
state,  and  on  July  4,  1858,  they  were  reinterrecl 
with  appropriate  honors  in  Hollywood  cemetery, 
Richmond.  The  degree  of  A.B.  was  conferred  on 
him  by  William  and  Mary  college  in  1775  ;  and 
that  of  LL.  D.  by  Harvard  college  in  1817,  by 
Dartmouth  college  in  1817,  and  by  the  College  of 
New  Jersey  in  1823.  His  name  was  one  of  the 
thirty-seven  in  "  Class  M,  Rulers  and  Statesmen" 
submitted  for  a  place  in  the  Hall  of  Fame  for 
Great  Americans,  New  York  university,  October, 
1900,  and  received  nineteen  votes,  sixteen  in  the 
class  receiving  a  larger  number.  He  is  the  author 
of  :  A  Memoir  to  Prove  the  RigJits  of  the  People  of 
the  West  to  the  Free  Navigation  of  the  Mississipj)i 
(1786)  ;  A  View  of  the  Conduct  of  the  Executive  as 
to  the  Mission  to  the  French  Republic  (1797), 
which  caused  political  excitement,  gained  for 
Monroe  election  as  governor  of  Virginia,  and  on 
the  copy  of  the  work  owned  by  President  Wash 
ington  were  written  animadversions  that  were 
subsequently  published.  He  left  in  MS.  Philoso 
phical  History  of  the  Origin  of  Free  Governments 
and  The  People  the  Sovereigns  (1867).  He  left  a 
large  number  of  MSS.,  including  his  correspond 
ence  and  state  papers,  which  were  purchased  by 
congress  and  deposited  in  the  library.  Samuel 
Waldo  wrote  Tour  of  James  Monroe  through  the 
Northern  and  Eastern  States,  ivith  a  sketch  of  his 
Life  (1819)  ;  John  Quincy  Adams  wrote  Life  of 
James  Monroe  with  a  Notice  of  Jiis  Administra 
tion  (1850);  George  F.  Tucker,  Concise  History  of 
the  Monroe  Doctrine  (1858)  ;  Daniel  C.  Gilman  in 
American  Statesmen  series,  Life  of  James  Monroe 
(1883)  ;  and  Demonstration  at  Removal  of  Re 
mains  of  James  Monroe  was  published  (1858). 
He  died  in  New  York  city,  July  4,  1831. 

MONROE,  James,  educator  and  represent 
ative,  was  born  at  Plainfield,  Conn.,  July  18,  18'31. 
He  attended  Plainfield  academy,  and  engaged  for 
several  years  in  teaching  in  the  public  schools  of 
Windham  county.  He  was  an  agent  of  the  Anti- 
Slavery  society,  1841-44,  and  was  graduated  from 
Obeiiin  college,  Ohio,  A.B.,  1846,  A.M.,  1850.  and 
from  the  Theological  seminary  of  Oberlin  college 
in  1849.  He  was  a  tutor  at  Oberlin  college,  1846- 
48  ;  professor  of  rhetoric  and  belles  lettres,  1848- 
63,  and  devoted  considerable  time  to  raising 
money  for  the  college.  He  was  a  representative 
from  Lorain  county  in  the  state  legislature, 
1856-60;  state  senator  1860-63,  and  president  pro 

[ON 


tempore  of  the  senate,  1862-6!).  In  1863  he  re 
signed  his  seat  in  the  senate  and  his  professorship 
at  Oberlin,  to  accept  the  U.S.  consulship  at  Rio 
de  Janeiro  tendered  him  by  President  Lincoln, 
and  he  held  the  office  until  1870,  having  also 
served  in  1869  as  charge  d'affaires  ad  interim. 
He  was  a  Republican  representative  from  the  four 
teenth,  eighteenth  and  seventeenth  Ohio  districts 
respectively  in  the  42d-46th  congresses,  1871- 
81,  and  was  chairman  of  the  committees  on 
education  and  labor.  He  was  professor  of 
political  science  and  modern  history  at  Oberlin 
1883-98.  He  is  the  author  of  :  Lectures,  Addresses 
and  Essays,  delivered  before  the  students  of 
Oberlin.  He  died  in  Oberlin,  Ohio,  July  6,  1898. 

MONSER,  John  Watson,  librarian,  was  born 
in  London,  England,  Nov.  5,  1838  ;  son  of  George 
and  Eliza  (Watson)  Monser.  He  attended  Hollo- 
way  school,  London,  1844-48,  and  Eureka  college, 
111.,  1854-61.  He  was  married,  Oct.  8,  1861,  to 
Laura  M.  Hook.  He  taught  school  in  various 
places  in  Illinois,  1862-73,  rising  to  the  position  of 
principal  of  Atlanta  school.  He  was  ordained  a 
minister  in  the  Christian  church  in  1859.  He 
served  through  the  civil  war  as  chaplain  of  the  76th 
Illinois  volunteers  ;  was  chaplain  of  the  Kansas 
house  of  representatives,  1874-75  ;  pastor  at  War- 
rensburg,  Mo.,  1876-79  ;  and  chaplain  of  the  Iowa 
state  senate.  In  1887  he  was  appointed  librarian 
of  the  Missouri  State  university.  His  published 
works  include  :  Encyclopaedia  of  Evidences  (1882) ; 
Follies  of  Free  Thought  (1872);  Types  and  Meta 
phors  of  the  Bible  (IS8Q);  Sunday  School  Commen 
tary  (1884-88);  and  contributions  to  periodicals. 

MONTAGUE,  Andrew  Jackson,  governor  of 
Virginia,  was  born  in  Campbell  county,  Va., 
Oct.  3,  1862;  son  of  Judge  Robert  Latane  (q.v.) 
and  Cordelia  Gay  (Eubank)  Montague.  He  was 
prepared  for  college  by  private  tutors  and  at 
academies,  and  was  graduated  from  Richmond 
college,  Va.,  in  1882.  He  taught  school,  1882-84  ; 
was  graduated  B.L.  from  the  University  of  Vir 
ginia  in  1885 ;  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  Oct. 
1,  1885.  He  established  a  successful  practice  in 
Richmond  ;  was  appointed  by  President  Cleve 
land  U.S.  district  attorney  July  1,  1893,  and  re 
signed  in  August,  1897,  but  was  appointed  ad  in 
terim,  serving  until  Dec.  31,  1897.  He  was  at 
torney-general  of  Virginia,  1898-1902,  and  was 
elected  governor  of  Virginia,  Nov.  5,  1901,  for  the 
term  1902-06.  He  was  married,  Dec.  11,  1889,  to 
Elizabeth  Lyne  Hoskins. 

MONTAGUE,  Andrew  Philip,  educator,  was 
born  in  Essex  county,  Va.,  Sept.  27,  1854  ;  son  of 
the  Rev.  Howard  Williams  (1810-1876)  and  Mil 
dred  Columbia  (Broaddus)  Montague,  and  grand 
son  of  the  Rev.  Philip  Montague  and  of  the  Rev 
Dr.  Andrew  Broaddus.  He  attended  Aberdeen 
academy,  Va.,  and  the  University  of  Virginia 


MONTAGUE 


MONTGOMERY 


Charlotteville,  where  lie  was  a  special  grad 
uate  in  1875.  He  was  tutor  in  Latin  at  Colum 
bian  university,  1875-79 ;  adjunct  professor  of 
Latin,  1879-82  ;  professor  of  Latin,  1882-97  ;  took 
the  graduate  degree  of  Ph.  D.  in  1888  ;  was  prin 
cipal  of  the  preparatory  school,  1884-97,  and  dean 
of  the  university,  1895-97.  He  was  married, 
Nov.  3,  1881,  to  May,  daughter  of  Judge  Joseph 
Christian,  at  one  time  president  of  the  supreme 
court  of  Virginia.  He  was  appointed  president 
of  Furman  university,  South  Carolina,  in  1897. 
The  honorary  degree  of  A.M.  was  conferred  on 
him  in  1879  by  the  Columbian  university,  and 
that  of  LL.D.  by  Richmond  college,  Va.,  in  1895. 
He  is  the  author  of  :  Letters  of  Cicero  (1889)  and 
Letters  of  Pliny  (1891). 

MONTAGUE,  Robert  Latane,  jurist,  was  born 
at  Ellaslee,  Middlesex  county,  Va.,  May  23,  1819  ; 
son  of  Lewis  Brooke  and  Catherine  Street  (Jesse) 
Montague  ;  grandson  of  Lewis  and  Catherine 
(Brooke)  Montague,  and  of  John  and  Elizabeth 
(Street)  Jesse,  and  a  descendant  of  Peter  Mon 
tague,  who  came  from  Boveney,  Parish  of  Burn- 
ham,  Buckinghamshire,  England,  to  America  in 
1621,  and  when  he  reached  his  majority  in  1624 
engaged  in  planting,  first  at  James  City  and  sub 
sequently  in  Upper  Norfolk  county,  Va.  Robert 
was  educated  at  Fleetwood  academy,  King  and 
Queen  county  ;  studied  law  under  Judge  Lomax 
at  Fredericksburg,  Va.,  and  was  graduated  LL.B. 
at  the  College  of  William  and  Mary  in  1842,  pur 
suing  a  post-graduate  course  at  that  institution 
in  1842.  He  settled  in  practice  in  Middlesex 
county,  and  stumped  the  state  for  Polk  and 
Dallas  in  the  presidential  campaign  of  1844.  He 
was  a  representative  in  the  state  legislature,  1850- 
52  ;  a  Democratic  presidential  elector  in  1853  and 
1857,  and  was  a  commonwealth  attorney  of  Mid 
dlesex  county  for  several  years.  He  was  elected 
lieutenant-governor  of  Virginia  on  the  ticket 
with  Gov.  John  Letcher  in  18(50  ;  was  president 
of  the  Virginia  secession  convention  in  1861  ;  a 
member  of  the  executive  council  to  organize  the 
Virginia  troops  for  service  in  the  Confederate 
army  and  to  appoint  officers,  and  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  the  Confederate  congress,  1863-65. 
He  represented  Middlesex  county  in  the  house  of 
delegates  in  1873  ;  and  was  judge  of  the  eighth 
judicial  district  of  Virginia,  1875-80.  He  was 
moderator  of  the  General  Baptist  association  of 
Virginia  for  several  years.  He  was  married, 
Dec.  14,  1852,  to  Cordelia  Gay,  daughter  of  Joseph 
C.  Eubank  of  Essex  county.  Va.  He  died  in  Mid 
dlesex  county,  Va.,  March  2,  1880. 

MONTAGUE,  William  Lewis,  educator,  was 
born  in  Belchertown,  Mass.,  April  6,  1831  ;  son  of 
Ephraimand  Laura  (Sabin)  Montague  ;  grandson 
of  Jedediah  and  Dorcas  (Grover)  Montague,  and 
of  Thomas  Sabin,  and  a  descendant  of  Richard 


and  Abigail  (Downing)  Montague.  Richard  Mon 
tague  was  a  native  of  Boveney,  parish  of  Burn- 
ham.  Buckinghamshire,  England,  and  a  brother 
of  Peter,  who  settled  in  Virginia  in  1621. 
Richard  came  to  Wells,  Maine,  about  1610,  re 
moved  to  Boston,  in 
1646,  to  Wethersfield, 
Conn.,  in  1651,  and 
to  Ha;lley.  Mass,  in 
1659.  William  L.Mon 
tague  graduated  at 
Amherst.  A.B.,  1855, 
A.M.,  1S5S;  taught 
Latin  and  Greek  hi 
AVilliston  seminary, 
1855-57  ;  tutored  in 
Latin  and  mathemat 
ics  at  Amherst,  1857- 
58,  and  was  an  in 
structor  in  Latin  and 
French  there,  1858- 
62.  He  was  mar 
ried,  Aug.  19, 1858,  to  Rebecca  Waterman,  daugh 
ter  of  Capt.  Henry  Pope  of  Halifax,  Mass.  He 
was  licensed  to  preach,  Feb.  14,  1860,  and  subse 
quently  supplied  various  Congregational  churches. 
He  was  assistant  professor  of  Latin  language  and 
literature  and  instructor  in  French  at  Amherst, 
1862-64,  professor  of  French,  1864-68,  professor  of 
the  French,  Italian  and  Spanish  languages,  1868- 
91;  professor  of  Italian,  1891-95  ;  librarian,  1864-78  ; 
registrar,  1860-80,  and  director  of  the  Amherst 
summer  school  of  languages,  1884-96.  He  spent 
the  years  1865-66  and  1871-72  in  study  and  travel 
in  Europe,  and  engaged  in  literary  work  in  Paris, 
1896-1900.  After  his  return  to  Amherst  in  1900 
he  engaged  in  compiling  and  editing  the  second 
volume  of  the  Alumni  Record,  in  private  teach 
ing  and  in  lecturing  on  Dante  and  the  Divine 
Comedy.  He  was  made  a  member  of  the  Societe 
de  Linguistique  de  Paris,  the  American  Philolog 
ical  association  and  the  Modern  Language  As 
sociation  of  America,  and  received  the  degree 
Ph.D.  from  Illinois  Wesleyan  university  in  1893. 
He  edited  The  Quarter  Centennial  Record  of  the 
Class  of  '55,  Amherst  College  (1880) ;  Biographical 
Record  of  the  Alumni  and  Non-Graduate  Mem 
bers  of  Amherst  College  1S.21-OG  (2  vols.,  1883  and 
1901);  Modern  Italian  Readings  (1893);  and  La 
Fille  de  Roland,  par  Henri  de  Bornier,  with  in 
troduction  and  notes,  (1895);  and  is  the  author 
of  :  Comparative  Grammar  of  the  Spanish  Lan 
guage  (1873);  Manual  of  Italian  Grammar  (1874): 
Introduction  to  Italian  Literature  (1875;  2d  ed., 
1879):  and  Genealogy  of  the  Montague,  lamily 
with  George  W.  Montague  (1885). 

MONTGOMERY,  Alexander  Brooks,  represen 
tative,  was  born  in  Hardin  county,  Ky.,  Dec.  11, 
1*:>7  ;  son  of  William  Withers  and  Catharine  Ann 
[58-2] 


MONTGOMERY 


MONTGOMERY 


(Brooks)  Montgomery  :  and  grandson  of  AVilliam 
and  Elizabeth  (Withers)  Montgomery  and  of 
Alexander  Brooks.  His  paternal  grandfather 
came  from  the  north  of  Ireland  in  1798,  and  his 
Withers  and  Brooks  ancestors  were  early  settlers 
of  Kentucky  from  Virginia.  Ho  was  graduated 
at  Georgetown  college,  Ky.,  A.B.,  1859,  A.M., 
1861,  and  at  the  Louisville  Law  school  in  186 1. 
He  engaged  in  farming  at  Elizabethtown,  Ky.. 
1861-70,  and  in  the  latter  year  began  the 
practice  of  law.  He  was  county  judge  of  Har- 
din  county,  1870-74 ;  a  member  of  the  Kentucky 
senate,  1877-81,  and  a  Democratic  representative 
from  the  fourth  Kentucky  district  in  the  50th, 
51st,  52d,  and  53d  congresses.  1887-95,  serving 
on  the  committee  on  ways  and  means  :  and  he 
participated  in  framing  and  passing  what  was 
known  as  the  Wilson  tariff  bill.  In  1895  he  was 
appointed  by  President  Cleveland  a  member  of 
the  commission  to  the  five  civilized  Indian  tribes 
(known  as  the  Dawes  commission)  and  served 
till  October.  1897. 

MONTGOMERY,  George,  R.C.  bishop,  was 
born  in  Da viess  county,  Ky..  Dec.  30.  1847  ;  son 
of  Pius  and  Harriet  (Warren)  Montgomery  ;  grand 
son  of  Thomas  and  Clotilda  (Drury)  Montgomery, 
and  of  Charles  and  Monica  (Wilson)  Warren. 
He  attended  St.  Charles  college  at  Ellicott  City, 
Md.,  1871-75  ;  was  prepared  for  the  priesthood  and 
was  ordained  at  Baltimore,  Md.,  by  Archbishop 
Gibbons,  Dec.  20,  1879,  and  was  sent  to  California. 
He  was  consecrated  bishop  of  >-  Tmui  "  and  coad 
jutor  bishop  of  Monterey  and  Los  Angeles,  witli 
right  of  succession,  at  San  Francisco.  Gal.,  April 
8,  1894,  by  Archbishop  Riordaii  assisted  by  Bishop 
Brondel  and  Bishop  Scanlon.  Upon  the  resig 
nation  of  Bishop  Mora,  he  suceeeded  to  the  bish 
opric  and  on  Sept.  1,  1902,  was  recommended  to 
the  pope  by  the  propaganda  at  Rome  as  coadjutor 
to  Archbishop  Riordan  of  San  Francisco. 

MONTGOMERY,  Henry  Eglinton,  clergyman, 
was  born  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Dec.  9,  1820:  son 
of  John  Grathorne  and  Elizabeth  Henrietta 
(Philips)  Montgomery  ;  grandson  of  John  and 
Mary  (Crathorne)  Montgomery,  and  of  Henry 
and  Sophia  (Chew)  Philips,  and  a  descendant  of 
William  and  Isabel  (Burnett)  Montgomerie. 
William  Montgomerie,  a  native  of  Brigend, 
Ayrshire,  Scotland,  immigrated  to  America  with 
his  wife  and  children,  in  1701-02,  and  settled  in 
Monmouth  county.  East  Jersey.  Henry  E.  was 
graduated  at  the  University  of  Pennsylvania, 
A.B.,  1839,  A.M.,  1842,  studied  law  in  Philadel 
phia,  1839-40,  and  was  attache  to  the  U.S.  lega 
tion,  Denmark,  1841-42.  He  was  a  student  at 
the  General  Theological  seminary.  New  York 
city.  1842-43.  and  at  Nashotah,  Wis.,  1*43-46. 
He  was  admitted  to  the  diaconate  in  1846,  and 
advanced  to  the  priesthood  the  same  year.  He 


was  rector  of  All  Saints'  church  Philadelphia,  Pa., 
1846-55,  and  of  the  Church  of  the  Incarnation,  in 
New  York  city,  1855-74.  He  was  vice-president 
of  the  Protestant  Episcopal  City  Mission  society, 
a  member  of  the  board  of  managers  of  the  Domes 
tic  and  Foreign  Missionary  society  and  a  director 
of  other  institutions  connected  with  the  church. 
He  received  the  degree  D.D.  from  the  University 
of  Pennsylvania  in  1863."  He  was  married  to  Mar 
garet  Augusta,  daughter  of  Judge  James  and 
Janette  Maria  (Tillotson)  Lynch  of  New  York 
city.  He  died  in  New  York  city,  Oct.  15,  1874. 

MONTGOMERY,  John  Berrien,  naval  officer, 
was  born  in  Allentown,  N.J.,  Nov.  17,  1794;  son 
of  Dr.  Thomas  West  and  Mary  (Berrien)  Mont 
gomery  ;  grandson  of  Alexander  and  Eunia 
(West)  Montgomery,  and  of  Judge  John  and 
Margaret  (Eaton)  Berrien,  and  a  descendant  of 
William  and  Isabel  (Burnett)  Montgomerie,  Mon 
mouth  county,  N.J.,  1701.  He  entered  the  U.S. 
navy  as  a  midshipman,  June  4, 1812,  and  served  on 
Lake  Ontario  on  the  Hamilton,  Madison  and  Gen 
eral  Pike,  1812-13  ;  volunteered  for  service  on  Lake 
Erie  under  Commodore  Perry  ;  joined  the  Niagara, 
and  for  his  service,  Sept.  10.  1813,  received  a 
sword  and  the  thanks  of  congress.  He  took  part 
in  the  blockade,  and  in  the  attack  on  Mackinaw, 


FORT    /v\A<K»AIAVV. 

Aug.  4,  1814  ;  assisted  in  the  destruction  of  a 
British  block-house  and  gun-brig,  and  was  ac 
tively  engaged  until  the  close  of  the  war,  return 
ing  to  New  York  in  1815.  He  sailed  under  Com. 
Stephen  Decatur  for  Algiers  and  took  part  in  the 
successful  operations  against  the  pirates  in  the 
Mediterranean.  He  cruised  on  board  the  Hornet 
and  Cyane  on  the  African  coast,  1817-20  ;  and 
was  promoted  lieutenant,  April  1,  1818.  He  was 
married  in  1821  to  Mary,  daughter  of  William  and 
Delia  (Harned)  Henry  of  New  York.  He  served 
on  the  Erie  of  the  Mediterranean  station,  1821- 
26 ;  was  executive  officer  of  the  Peacock  in  the 
West  Indian  in  1828,  was  transferred  to  the 
flagship  Erie  off  Havana,  and  commanded  it  in 
a  cruise  off  the  coast  of  Mexico.  He  served  on 
recruiting  service  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  and  New 


[533] 


MONTGOMERY 


MONTGOMERY 


York,  1833-35  ;  was  executive  officer  of  the  Con 
stitution  in  1835,  when  that  vessel  brought 
Edward  Livingston,  U.S.  minister  to  France,  back 
to  the  United  States,  during  the  indemnity  agita 
tion,  and  in  command  of  the  receiving  ship 
Columbus  at  B>ston,  Mass.,  1837-39.  He  was 
promoted  commander  Dec.  3,  1839  ;  was  on  re 
cruiting  services  1839-44  ;  commanded  the  Forts- 
moiitlt,  1844-47,  and  during  that  time  planted  the 
U.S.  flag  at  San  Francisco,  Sonoma,  New  Helvetia 
and  Santa  Clara,  Cal.  ;  maintained  the  blockade 
of  Mazatlan,  Mexico,  under  great  difficulties,  and 
in  March  and  April,  1847,  hoisted  the  first  U.S. 
flags  at  Cape  St.  Lucas,  San  Jose  and  La  Paz  in 
Lower  California,  which  ports  were  held  until 
the  close  of  the  Mexican  war.  He  also  bombarded 
and  captured  Guaymas  on  the  Gulf  of  California 
with  the  frigate  Congress  in  October,  1847.  He 
served  as  executive  officer  of  the  U.S.  navy  yard 
at  Washington,  D.C.,  1849-51  ;  was  promoted 
captain  Jan.  6,  1853,  commanded  the  Roanoke, 
April  to  August,  1857,  and  served  on  shore  duty, 
1857-59.  He  commanded  the  Pacific  squadron 
with  the  Lancaster  for  his  flagship,  1859-63  ;  the 
U.S.  navy  yard  at  Charlestown,  Mass.,  1862-63, 
and  the  U.S.  navy  yard  at  Washington,  D.C., 
1863-05.  He  was  promoted  commodore,  July  16, 
1863  ;  rear-admiral,  July  25,  1866,  and  was  placed 
on  waiting  orders  at  his  own  request,  Sept.  1,  1869. 
He  died  in  Carlisle,  Pa.,  March  25,  1873. 

MONTGOMERY,  Joseph,  delegate,  was  born 
in  Paxtang,  Dauphin  county,  Pa.,  Sept.  23,  1733  ; 
son  of  John  and  Martha  Montgomery,  who  emi 
grated  from  the  north  of  Ireland  prior  to  1730.  He 
was  graduated  at  the  College  of  New  Jersey, 
A.B.,  1755,  A.M.,  1758,  and  was  principal  of  the 
grammar-school  connected  with  the  college, 
1755-60.  He  was  licensed  to  preach  by  the  pres 
bytery  of  Philadelphia,  in  1759,  and  was  ordained 
by  the  presbytery  of  Lewes,  in  1761.  He  held 
several  pastorates  in  Pennsylvania,  1761-09,  and 
was  minister  in  charge  of  the  churches  at  New 
Castle  and  Christiana  Bridge,  Del.,  1769-77.  He 
was  chaplain  of  Col.  W.  Small  wood's  Maryland 
regiment  in  1777,  a  delegate  to  the  general  as 
sembly  of  Pennsylvania,  1780-81,  and  was  chosen 
by  that  body  in  1783  to  be  one  of  the  commission 
ers  to  settle  the  difficulty  between  the  state  and 
the  Connecticut  settlers  in  the  Wyoming  valley, 
serving  1783-87.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  Con 
tinental  congress  from  Pennsylvania,  1780-84  ;  re 
corder  of  deeds  and  register  of  wills  for  Dauphin 
county,  1785-94  ;  one  of  the  original  land-owners 
of  the  city  of  Harrisburg  and  justice  of  the  court 
of  common  pleas  for  Dauphin  county,  1785-94. 
He  was  married  to  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Andrew 
Reed  of  Newton,  and  sister  of  President  Joseph 
Reed  of  Pennsylvania.  She  died  at  Georgestown, 
Md.,  March,  1769,  and  he  married  secondly  Rachel 


(Rush)  Boyce,  widow  of  Angus  Boyce,  born  1742, 
died  at  Harrisburg,  July  28,  1796.  See  "  Life  of 
Joseph  Montgomery"  by  John  M.  Forster  (1879). 
He  received  the  honorary  degree  A.M.  from  Yale 
and  from  the  University  of  Pennsylvania  in  1760. 
He  died  in  Harrisburg,  Pa.,  Oct.  14,  1794. 

MONTGOMERY,  Richard,  Revolutionary 
soldier,  was  born  at  Convoy  House,  near  Raphoe, 
county  Donegal,  Ireland,  Dec.  2,  1736  ;  son  of 
Thomas  Montgomery,  a  member  of  the  British 
parliament  from  Lifford.  He  was  graduated 
from  Trinity  college,  Dublin,  and  entered  the  17th 
regiment  of  foot  as  ensign,  Aug.  21,  1756.  His 
regiment  was  ordered  to  Halifax,  N.S.,  and  he 
took  part  in  the  siege  of  Louisburg  under  (Jen. 
James  Wolfe  in  1758.  He  was  promoted  lieuten 
ant  for  his  bravery  on  this  occasion,  and  in  1759- 
he  joined  the  expedition  under  Sir  Jeffrey 
Aniherst  to  relieve  General  Abercrombie.  He 
served  in  the  command  of  Colonel  Haviland  in 
the  capture  of  Fort  Ticonderoga  in  July,  Crown 
Point  in  August,  and  Montreal,  Sept.  7,  1759  ; 
was  promoted  adjutant,  May  15,  1760,  ordered  to 
the  West  Indies  in  1763,  was  commissioned  cap 
tain,  May  5,  1763,  and  took  part  in  the  campaign 
against  Martinique  and  Havana.  He  returned  to 
New  York,  and  at  the  close  of  the  war  with 
France  in  1763,  received  permission  to  return 
to  England,  where  he  resided  until  1773,  when  ho 
became  embittered,  as  his  claims  for  military  ad 
vancement  were  neglected.  As  a  result  he  sold 
his  commission  in  the  army,  returned  to  America 
in  1773,  and  purchased  a  farm  of  sixty  acres  at 
King's  Bridge,  Westchester  county,  N.Y.  He 
was  married  July  24,  1773,  to  Janet,  daughter  of 
Judge  Robert  R.  and  Margaret  (Beekman) 
Livingston  and  removed  to  Rhinebeck,  N.Y., 
where  he  resided  until  he  joined  the  Continental 
army.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  1st  Provincial 
congress  held  in  New  York  city  in  May,  1775, 
and  in  June,  1775,  was  commissioned  one  of 
eight  brigadier-generals  in  the  Continental  army 
and  became  second  in  command  to  Gen.  Philip 
Schuyler.  He  left  Rhinebeck  with  his  wife  and 
her  brother,  Edward  Livingston  (q.v.),  then  a 
mere  lad,  and  they  made  the  journey  in  a  coach 
to  the  residence  of  Gen.  Philip  Schuyler  at 
Saratoga  where  he  parted  with  his  wife  with  the 
assurance  '•  that  she  would  never  have  cause  to 
blush  for  her  Montgomery."  On  account  of  the 
disability  of  General  Schuyler,  Montgomery  was 
placed  in  command  of  the  expedition  to  Canada. 
The  invasion  was  undertaken  without  proper 
preparation  and  its  movements  were  controlled 
chiefly  by  circumstances.  He  proceeded  by 
way  of  Whitehall,  and  after  many  hardships 
reached  Ticonderoga  where  he  learned  that  Sir 
Guy  Carleton  was  organizing  a  naval  force  on 
Lake  Champlain  to  prevent  the  Americans  from 
[5241 


MONTGOMERY 


MONTGOMERY 


crossing  the  St.  Lawrence.  Montgomery  took 
possession  of  the  Isle  aux  Noix  on  Lake  Chain- 
plain,  and  with  1000  men  laid  siege  to  St.  Johns 
and  Chambly,  which  surrendered  to  him,  and  ad 
vanced  toward  Montreal,  which  capitulated,  Nov. 
12,  1775,  and  for  this  victory  he  was  made  major- 
general  by  congress.  By  the  capture  of  Montreal 
lie  obtained  possession  of  all  the  military  stores 
in  the  town,  and  of  eleven  vessels  in  the  harbor, 
General  Carleton  having  with  great  difficulty  re 
treated  to  Quebec.  The  central  object  of  the  ex 
pedition  now  only  remained  ;  as  Montgomery 
wrote  in  a  letter  to  his  father-in-law,  Robert  R. 
Livingston,  "until  Quebec  is  taken,  Canada  is 
unconquered."  He  effected  a  junction  with 
Arnold,  who  had  a  force  of  700  men,  before  the 
walls  of  Quebec,  Dec.  3,  1775.  The  combined  at 
tack  was  made  on  both  sides  of  the  place.  Dec. 
31,  1775,  Montgomery  leading  his  little  force  of 
500  men  in  the  midst  of  a  heavy  snow-storm. 
The  first  barrier,  Pres  de  Ville  under  Cape  Dia 
mond,  was  carried,  and  Montgomery  at  their 
head  shouted  "Men  of  New  York,  you  will  not 
fear  to  follow  where  your  general  leads!"  The 
little  army  pushed  forward.  In  the  windows  of 
a  house  which  overlooked  the  second  barrier, 
two  cannon  had  been  placed,  which,  upon  Mont 
gomery's  appearance  on  a  little  rising  ground, 
were  discharged.  Montgomery  and  his  two  aids, 
MePherson  and  Captain  Chessman,  being  in  ad 
vance,  were  in 
stantly  killed. 
His  soldiers 
with  those  of 
Arnold  became 
at  once  demor 
alized  and  the 
British  troops 
pursued  the 
defeated  army 
from  the  city 
and  captured 
about  400  men. 
M  o  ntgomery's 
body  was  found 
partly  covered 
by  the  snow  and 
the  British  commander  ordered  him  buried 
within  the  walls  surrounding  the  powder  maga 
zine,  and  accorded  the  body  the  honor  of  a  mili 
tary  burial.  After  reposing  for  forty-two  years, 
his  remains  were  removed  at  the  request  of  the 
legislature  of  the  state  of  New  York  to  New  York 
city  and  interred  in  St.  Paul's  chapd  church 
yard.  The  journey  from  Quebec  to  New  York 
was  attended  by  civic  honors,  notably  at 
Albany.  July  4,  1818,  and  on  the  voyage  down 
the  Hudson  on  the  steamer  J-ticlinioml.  passing 
Montgomery  Place,  the  home  of  the  widow,  who 


viewed  the  vessel  from  the  portico.  The  death 
of  Montgomery  was  deeply  felt  by  friend  and  foe, 
and  congress  proclaimed  its  "  grateful  remem 
brance,  respect  and  high  veneration."  The  city 
of  New  York  erected  a  monument  under  the  por 
tico  of  St.  Paul's  chapel  on  the  Broadway  front. 
A  tablet  was  also  erected  upon  the  spot  where  he 
fell  at  Quebec,  by  the  Sons  <>f  the  American  Rev 
olution  in  1901.  Mrs.  Montgomery  survived  her 
husband  for  fifty-two  years  and  after  completing 
the  home  commenced  by  the  general  in  1774  at 
Rhinebeck  Flats,  known  as  the  "  Rhinebeck 
Place,"  removed  to  the  immediate  east  bank  of 
the  Hudson  above  Barrytown,  where  she  erected 
"  Montgomery  Place  ''  which  continued  to  be  her 
home  up  to  the  time  of  her  death  in  November, 
1827.  General  Montgomery  died  at  Quebec, 
Canada,  Dec.  31,  1775. 

MONTGOMERY,  Thomas,  representative,  was 
born  in  Nelson  county,  Va. ,  previous  to  1779,;  son 
of  William  Montgomery,  and  grandson  of  William 
Montgomery,  who  removed  with  his  wife  and 
sons  and  their  families  to  Kentuckjr  from  Virginia 
in  1779,  and  in  1780  settled  near  the  head  of 
Greene  river  about  twelve  miles  from  Logan's 
fort.  In  March  of  that  year,  William  Mont 
gomery  the  elder  was  killed  in  an  attack  on  the 
settlement  by  the  Indians.  Thomas  received  a 
thorough  English  education,  was  admitted  to  the 
bar,  and  practised  at  Stanford,  Ky.  He  served  as 
judge  of  the  circuit  court  of  Lincoln  county  ; 
was  a  Democratic  representative  in  the  13th 
congress,  1813-15;  was  elected  to  the  16th  con 
gress  to  fill  out  the  unexpired  term  of  Tunstall 
Quarles,  Jr.,  and  to  the  17th  congress,  serving 
1820-23.  He  died  at  Stanford,  Ky.,  April  2.  1828. 

MONTGOMERY,  William,  representative, 
was  born  in  Guilford  county,  N.C.,  Dec.  29,  1789  ; 
son  of  William  and  Hannah  {Forbus)  Mont 
gomery,  and  grandson  of  William  and  Margaret 
Montgomery,  who  came  to  Pennsylvania  from 
Scotland  in  1680,  and  shortly  afterward  settled  in 
Guilford  county,  N.C.  He  studied  medicine  with 
an  old  German  physician  and  practised  in  Al 
bright's,  Orange  county,  N.C.  He  married,  April 
24,  1814,  Sarah  Albright,  also  of  German  ances 
try,  and  they  had  ten  children.  He  was  elected 
state  senator  from  Orange  county  in  1824  and 
served  continuously  with  but  one  intermission 
until  1834.  He  was  a  Democratic  representative 
in  the  24th,  25th  and  26th  congresses.  1835-41, 
and  in  1840  declined  re-election.  He  died  at  Al 
bright's.  N.C..  Nov.  30,  1843. 

MONTGOMERY,  William,  representative,  was 
born  in  Canton  township.  Pa.,  April  11.  1818  ;  son 
of  William  (1792-1858)  and  Elizabeth  (Kelly) 
Montgomery.  His  father  was  a  native  of  Ar-* 
magli,  Ireland,  son  of  William  (1745-1774),  grand 
son  of  Joseph  (1703-1774),  great-grandson  of 


MOOAE 


MOODY 


Joseph  born  in  Ayrshire,  1080,  a  near  relative  of 
Sir  James  Montgomery  of  the  Skelmorlie  line. 
William,  Jr.,  was  graduated  at  Washington  col 
lege  in  1839,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1841. 
He  was  appointed  district-attorney  by  Governor 
Smith  iu  1815.  He  was  married  in  1845  to 
Matilda,  daughter  of  Elisha  and  Phoebe  (Gross) 
Duval,  of  Hagerstown,  Md.  She  died  Feb.  21, 
1895.  'He  was  a  Democratic  representative  in  the 
36th  and  37th  congresses,  1859-03,  and  a  leading 
orator  of  the  party  in  congress  and  in  the  state. 
He  was  the  author  of  the  "  Critteiiden-Mont- 
gomery  Resolution  "  on  the  admission  of  Kansas 
to  the  Union.  He  left,  besides  his  widow,  three 
sons :  Andrew  Jackson,  who  married  Martha  G. 
Black  of  Washington  county,  and  had  two  chil 
dren,  Elizabeth  and  George  ;  James,  who  married 
Lillian  Ritner,  and  had  one  son  William  who  re 
sided  in  Philadelphia  ;  and  William,  who  died  in 
1880.  William  Montgomery,  the  representative, 
died  in  Canton  township,  Pa.,  April  28,  1870. 

MOOAR,  George,  educator,  was  born  in  An- 
dover,  Mass.,  May  27,  1830  ;  son  of  Benjamin  and 
Susanna  (Cummings)  Mooar  ;  grandson  of  Benja 
min  and  Hannah  (Phelps)  Mooar,  and  a  descend 
ant  of  Abraham  Mooar  who  settled  in  Andover, 
Mass.,  about  1086,  and  married  Priscilla, 
daughter  of  Daniel  and  Mary  (Farnum)  Poor. 
He  attended  Phillips  Andover  academy,  and  was 
graduated  from  Williams  college.  A.B.,  1851, 
A.M.,  1854,  and  from  Andover  Theological  sem 
inary  in  1855.  He  was  married,  Oct.  5,  1855,  to 
Sarah  A.  Comstock  of  Centerbrook,  Conn.  He 
was  ordained  Oct.  10,  1855  ;  was  pastor  of  the 
South  Congregational  church  at  Andover,  Mass., 
1S55-61  ;  removed  to  Oakland,  Cal.,  where  he  was 
pastor  of  the  First  Congregational  church,  1801- 
82,  and  of  the  Plymouth  Avenue  church,  1874- 
88  ;  professor  of  systematic  theology  and  church 
history  in  the  Pacific  Theological  seminary,  1870- 
92,  and  was  appointed  professor  of  apologetics  and 
church  history  in  1892.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
commission  of  twenty-five  appointed  by  the 
national  council  of  Congregational  churches  to 
prepare  a  creed  and  catechism  for  the  church, 
1881-84.  He  received  the  honorary  degree  S.T.D. 
from  Williams  in  1808.  He  was  associate  editor 
of  the  Pacific,  1803-80,  and  editor,  1886-90,  and  is 
the  author  of :  Historical  Manual  of  the  South 
Church,  Andover  (1859);  Handbook  of  the  Con 
gregational  Churches  of  California  (1803);  Tlie 
Religion  of  Loyalty  (1865);  The  Prominent  Char 
acteristics  of  the  Congregational  Churches  (1800) 
and  a  volume  of  sermons.  He  also  prepared  for 
press  Genealogy  of  the,  Mooar  and  Cummings 
Families. 

MOODY,  Dwight  Lyman  Ryther,  evangelist, 
was  born  in  Northfield,  Mass.,  Oct.  5,  1837;  son 
of  Edwin  and  Betsey  (Holton)  Moody.  The 


[526] 


Moodys  came  to  America  in  1627,  and  the  Hoi- 
tons  in  1630.  On  the  death  of  his  father  in  1840 
his  mother  was  left  witli  the  care  of  her  nine 
children,  and  Dwight  worked  at  a  neighbor's 
farm  for  his  hoard,  and  attended  school.  He  was 
later  employed  in  a 
printing  office  at 
Clinton,  Mass.,  and 
again  as  a  farm  hand 
at  Northfield.  In  18- 
51  he  went  to  Boston 
and  was  employed  by 
his  uncle,  Samuel 
Holton,  in  his  shoe- 
shop  and  later  as  trav 
eling  salesman,  1851- 
54.  He  was  connect 
ed  with  Wiswall's 
boot  and  shoe  house 
in  Chicago,  1854-60, 
earning  over  $5000  the 
first  year  and  retiring 

witli  a  capital  of  $7000.  Meantime,  lie  joined  the 
Plymouth  church,  where  he  hired  a  pew  in  the 
church  agreeing  to  fill  it  with  young  men  everv 
Sunday.  He  visited  on  the  men  at  their  rooms, 
stopped  them  on  the  street  and  even  called  them 
out  of  saloons,  and  in  a  short  time  lie  rented  six 
pews  for  the  accommodation  of  his  guests.  He 
taught  a  class  in  a  Sunday-school  mission  in 
North  Wells  street  ;  gathered  in  his  pupils  from 
the  street,  and  soon  the  school  had  a  larger  at 
tendance  than  could  be  accommodated.  In  1858 
he  opened  a  Sunday  school  on  North  Market  Hill, 
where,  witli  the  assistance  of  John  V.  Far  well, 
then  the  largest  dry -goods  merchant  in  Chicago, 
and  Isaac  H.  Binch,  president  of  a  Chicago  bank, 
he  began  the  work  that  eventually  developed  into 
the  Chicago  branch  of  the  Young  Men's  Christian 
Association,  in  which  he  was  an  officer,  and  the 
Chicago  Avenue  church  witli  an  attendance  of 
fifteen  hundred,  of  which  he  became  the  unor- 
dained  pastor.  In  retiring  from  business  in  1800, 
he  devoted  himself  and  his  capital  to  religious 
work.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Christian  com 
mission  during  the  civil  war.  The  Chicago  Av 
enue  church,  the  Y.M.C.A.  buildings,  and  Mr. 
Moody's  house  were  destroyed  by  the  fire  of  1871, 
and  he  at  once  succeeded  in  raising  money  to 
rebuild  them.  With  Ira  D.  Sankey  he  visited 
Europe  in  1873  and  instituted  a  series  of  daily 
religious  services  in  London  and  the  larger  cities 
of  England.  They  returned  to  America  in  1875 
and  organized  similar  meetings  all  over  the 
United  States.  In  1883  they  again  engaged  in 
evangelistic  work  in  Great  Britain.  On  one  of 
his  visits  to  England  Mr.  Moody  preached  to  an 
audience  of  seventeen  thousand  people.  He  was 
the  founder,  in  1879,  of  the  Northfield  seminary 


MOODY 


MOODY 


for  girls,  and  in  1881  he  organized  the  Mt.  Hermon 
school  for  boys.  In  1897,  on  his  sixtieth  birth 
day,  his  friends  presented  him  with  $30,000,  with 
which  he  erected  a  chapel  for  the  Mt.  Hermon 
school.  He  was  married,  in  July,  1862,  to  Emma, 
(laughter  of  F.  H.  Revell,  of  Chicago,  111.  His 
son  William  Revell  Moody,  editor  of  the  Record 
of  Christian  Work,  succeeded  him  as  head  of  the 
North  field  schools,  and  wrote  a  life  of  his  father, 
published  in  1900.  by  F.  H.  Revell  Co.,  N.Y.  Mr. 
Moody's  published  works  include:  Best  Tlioughts 
and  Discourses  (1876);  Glad  Tidings  (1876);  Tlie 
Second  Coming  of  Christ  (1877);  Tlie  \Vay  and  the 
Word  (1877);  Great  Joy  (1877);  Arrows  and  An 
ecdotes  (1877);  Secret  Power  (1881);  The  Way  to 
God  and  How  to  Find  It  (1884);  Heaven; 
Weighed  and  Wanting  ;  Men  of  the  Bible;  The 
Overcoming  Life ;  Thoughts  for  the  Quiet  Hour; 
Pleasure  and  Profit  of  Bible  Study  ;  Sowing  and 
Reaping  ;  Sovereign  Grace  ;  Prevailing  Prayer ; 
and.  collections  of  stories,  anecdotes,  and  sermons. 
He  died  at  East  Northfield,  Mass.,  Dec.  22,  1899. 

MOODY,  Gideon  Curtis,  senator,  was  born  in 
Cortland,  N.Y.,  Oct.  1C,  1832  ;  son  of  Stephen  and 
Charlotte  (Curtis)  Moody,  and  grandson  of 
Gideon  Curtis.  He  attended  the  public  schools 
and  academy  at  Cortland,  and  studied  law  at 
Syracuse,  N.Y.  He  removed  to  Indiana  in  1852, 
and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1853.  He  was  ap 
pointed  prosecuting  attorney  for  Floyd  county, 
Ind.,  in  1854,  and  was  a  representative  in  the 
state  legislature.  18CO-61,  from  Jasper  county. 
He  enlisted  in  the  volunteer  army  as  captain  in 
the  9th  Indiana  infantry  in  April,  1861,  was  pro 
moted  lieutenant-colonel  and  colonel,  and  subse 
quently  commissioned  captain  in  the  19th  U.S.  in 
fantry.  He  resigned  his  commission  in  1864,  and 
removed  to  Dakota  in  May,  1864.  He  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  the  territorial  legislature,  1.S67-69 
and  1874  ;  was  speaker  of  the  house,  1868-69  and 
in  1874,  and  was  associate  justice  of  the  supreme 
court  of  Dakota  Territory,  1878-83.  He  was  a 
delegate  to  the  Republican  national  conventions 
of  1868,  1888  and  1892  :  was  a  member  of  the 
South  Dakota  constitutional  conventions  of  1883 
and  1885;  was  chairman  of  the  judiciary  com 
mittee  in  both  conventions,  and  was  chairman  of 
the  committee  that  drafted  nnd  presented  a  me 
morial  to  congress,  asking  for  the  admission  of 
South  Dakota  as  a  state,  which  was  consummated, 
Nov.  3,  1889.  On  Oct.  16,  i889,  he  was  elected 
U.S.  senator  for  the  short  term  expiring  March 
3.  1891.  He  was  appointed  in  1891  a  member  of 
the  commission  to  revise  and  codify  the  statutes 
of  South  Dakota. 

MOODY,  William  Henry,  representative,  was 
born  in  Newbury,  Mass.,  Dec.  23,  1853  ;  son  of 
Henry  Lord  and  Melisha  Augusta  (Emerson) 
Moody,  grandson  of  William  Moody,  and  a  de 


scendant  of  William  Moody,  born  in  York,  Eng 
land,  who  came  to  Newbury,  Essex  county,  Mass, 
in  1634.  He  removed  with  his  parents  to  Dan- 
vers,  Mass.,  and  was  graduated  from  Phillips 
Andover  academy  in  1872,  and  from  Harvard 
college  in  1876.  He  studied  law  in  the  office  of 
Richard  H.  Dana  of  Boston,  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1878,  and  practised  in  Haverhill,  Mass.  He 
was  city  solicitor,  1888-90,  district  attorney  for 
the  eastern  district  of  Massachusetts,  1890-95  ; 
chairman  of  the  committee  on  resolutions  in  the 
Republican  state  convention,  1896  ;  chairman  of 
the  Republican  state  convention  of  1898  ;  a  Re 
publican  representative  from  the  sixth  district 
of  Massachusetts  in  the  54th  congress,  1895-97,  to 
iill  a  vacancy  caused  by  the  death  of  Gen. 
William  Cogswell,  May  22,  1895,  and  in  the  55th, 
56th  and  57th  congresses,  1897-1908.  In  1901, 
after  the  adjournment  of  the  56th  congress,  lie 
visited  Cuba  to  study  the  conditions  as  existing 
there. 

MOODY,  William  Vaughn,  author  and  teacher, 
was  born  in  Spencer,  Ind.,  July  8,  1869  ;  son  of 
Francis  Burdette  and  Henrietta  Emily  (Stoy) 
Moody.  His  father  was  engaged  in  the  river 
steamboat  transportation  between  Pittsburg  and 
New  Orleans,  as  was  his  grandfather,  who  was 
also  a  builder  of  steamboats.  His  great-grand 
father,  a  pioneer  settler  of  Indiana,  built  the  first 
brick  house  in  the  state.  William  attended 
the  public  schools  of  New  Albany,  Ind.,  and  in 
1886,  on  the  death  of  his  parents  lie  taught  school 
in  southern  Ohio,  meanwhile  continuing  his  own 
studies.  He  later  taught  in  New  York  state,  and 
in  1889  entered  Harvard,  where  lie  was  graduated, 
class  poet,  in  1893.  He  took  a  post-graduate 
course,  1893-94;  received  the  degree  of  A.M., 
1894  ;  was  assistant  instructor  in  English  at 
Harvard  and  Radeliffe  colleges,  1894-95,  and  was 
appointed  instructor  in  English  at  the  University 
o!'  Chicago  in  1895.  He  traveled  extensively  in 
Europe,  and  studied  chiefly  in  England  and  Italy. 
He  edited  Complete  Poetical  Works  of  Milton, 
•with  a  new  translation  of  the  Latin  Poems  (1899), 
and  various  other  English  classics.  He  is  the 
author  of  :  The  Masque  of  Judgment,  a  Lyrical 
Drama  (1900);  Poems  (1902);  and  contributions 
to  magazines. 

MOODY,  Zenas  Ferry,  governor  of  Oregon, 
was  born  in  Granby,  Mass..  May  27,  1832  ;  son  of 
Maj.  Thomas  C.  and  Hannah  M.  (Ferry)  Moody, 
and  grandson  of  Gideon  Moody,  a  Revolutionary 
soldier.  He  removed  to  Oregon  in  1851,  as  a 
member  of  the  first  U.S.  surveying  party  which 
established  the  initial  point  of  the  Willamette 
meridian.-  In  1853  he  settled  in  Brownsville, 
Ore.,  and  was  married  to  Mary  Stephenson.  He 
was  inspector  of  U.S.  survey  in  California  in  1856, 
and  subsequently  resided  in  Illinois,  but  returned 


[537] 


MOON 


MOONEY 


to  The  Dalles,  Ore.,  in  1862.  He  established  him 
self  at  Umatilla,  and  in  1866  he  built  the  steamer 
Mary  Bloody,  and  afterward  aided  in  organizing 
the  Montana  Transportation  company.  He  en 
gaged  in  mercantile  pursuits 
at  Boise  City.  1867-69  ;  re 
turned  to  The  Dalles,  and 
ih ad  charge  of  the  Wells-Fargo 
/Co.'s  business.  He  was  state 
senator  in  1872  ;  a  represent 
ative  in  the  state  legislature 
and  speaker  in  1880,  and  was 
elected  Republican  governor  of  the  state  in  1882, 
defeat ingJoseph  H.  Smith,  the  Democratic  can 
didate.  He  served  as  governor,  1882-87,  but  dur 
ing  his  administration  failed  to  correct  the 
swamp-land  policy  by  which  it  was  claimed  by 
the  Democratic  party  the  state  lost  a  consider 
able  sum,  and  lie  was  defeated  for  re-election,  in 
1886  by  Sylvester  Pennoyer.  Democrat. 

MOON,  John  Austin,  representative,  was  born 
in  Albemarle  county,  Va.,  April  22,  1853  :  son  of 
William  F.  and  Marietta  (Appling)  Moon,  grand 
son  of  John  D.  and  Mary  (Barclay)  Moon,  and 
of  Austin  M.  and  Jennett  (Johnson)  Appling.  He 
removed  with  his  parents  to  Bristol,  Va. ,  in  1857, 
and  to  Chattanooga,  Tenn.,  in  1870.  He  attended 
King  college,  Tenn.;  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  Alabama,  and  was  city  attorney  of  Chatta 
nooga,  1881-82  ;  a  member  of  the  state  Demo 
cratic  executive  committee,  1888  ;  special  circuit 
judge  of  the  fourth  judicial  circuit,  1889-1901  ; 
judge  of  that  circuit,  1891-92,  by  appointment  of 
the  governor,  and  was  elected  circuit  judge,  serv 
ing  1892-94,  when  he  was  re-elected  for  a  term  of 
eight  years.  He  was  a  Democratic  representa 
tive  in  the  55th,  56th  and  57th  congresses,  1897- 
1903,  and  a  delegate  at  large  from  Tennessee  to 
the  Democratic  national  convention  of  1900. 

MOONEY,  Edward  Ludlow,  artist,  was  born 
in  New  York  city,  March  25,  1813.  He  attended 
the  public  schools  of  New  York,  and  in  1831  he 
began  his  art  studies  in  the  night  classes  at  the 
National  Academy  of  Design.  He  engaged  in 
business  as  a  sign  painter  until  1837,  when  he 
studied  painting  under  Henry  Inman.  He  received 
the  first  gold  medal  ever  awarded  by  the  National 
Academy  of  Design.  He  studied  portrait  painting 
under  William  Page,  and  subsequently  opened  a 
studio  in  New  York.  He  was  elected  an  associate 
of  the  National  Academy  in  1839,  and  an  academ 
ician  in  1840.  His  portraits  include  Commodore 
Perry,  Governor  Seward,  Achmet  Ben  Ainan, 
and  a  large  number  of  southern  public  men.  He 
died  in  New  York  city,  in  July,  1887. 

MOONEY,  James,  ethnologist,  was  born  in 
Richmond,  Ind.,  Feb.  10.  1861  ;  son  of  James  and 
Ellen  (Devlin)  Mooney,  of  county  Meath,  Ireland, 
who  removed  to  the  United  States  in  1852.  After 


attending  the  schools  of  Richmond  he  worked  at 
the  printer's  trade  for  six  years.  He  began  the 
study  of  Indian  ethnology  in  1873,  with  the  col 
lection  of  material  for  an  atlas  and  geographic 
dictionary  of  the  native  tribes  of  both  Americas. 
He  interested  himself  in  Gaelic  studies,  and  was 
an  organizer  and  local  officer  of  the  Land  League 
movement,  1880-81.  In  1885  he  removed  to  Wash 
ington,  where  his  work  received  recognition  from 
the  Bureau  of  Ethnology,  which  published  his  list 
of  tribes  as  the  basis  of  the  "  Cyclopedia  of  In 
dian  Tribes."  Soon  after  he  began  researches 
among  the  Cherokees,  and  finally  succeeded 
in  discovering  and  securing  the  whole  secret 
ritual  of  their  priesthood,  of  which  specimen 
formulas  were  published  in  the  7th  annual  re 
port  of  the  bureau  in  1891.  The  entire  number 
constitute  the  largest  body  of  native  aboriginal 
literature  in  existence.  Later  he  turned  his  at 
tention  to  the  South  Atlantic  tribes.  In  1890  he 
was  commissioned  to  study  the  ghost  dance 
among  the  plains  tribes,  believed  to  be  contem 
plating  a  general  uprising.  In  the  next  year  he 
began  extensive  collections  and  industrial  studies 
for  the  World's  Fair,  among  the  western  tribes 
from  Dakota  to  Arizona,  following  this  with  work 
for  subsequent  minor  expositions.  Having  be 
come  interested  in  the  Kiowas  as  a  typical  plains 
people  he  gave  several  years  to  that  tribe  with 
the  purpose  of  embodying  the  results  in  a  mono 
graphic  series  for  the  bureau  of  Ethnology.  He  is 
the  author  of:  Indian  Tribal  Names  and  Syno 
nyms  North  of  Mexico  (1885)  ;  Medical  Mythology 
of  Ireland  (1887)  ;  Funeral  Customs  of  Ireland 
(1888)  ;  Holiday  Customs  of  Ireland  (1889)  ;  Che 
rokee  Ball  Play  (1890)  ;  Sacred  Formulas  of  the 
Cherokees  (1891)  ;  Sionan  Tribes  of  the  East 
(1894)  ;  The  Messiah  Religion  and  the  Ghost  Dance 
(1896)  ;  The  Calendar  History  of  the  Kioiva  In 
dians  (1898)  ;  Myths  of  the  Cherokee  (1901)  ;  and 
numerous  shorter  papers. 

MOONEY,  Joseph  Francis,  clergyman,  was 
born  at  Mast  Hope,  Pike  county,  Pa.,  July  8, 
1848  ;  son  of  Patrick  and  Mary  (Winter)  Mooney  ; 
and  grandson  of  Richard  and  Margaret  (Clarke) 
Mooney,  and  of  John  and  Margaret  (Kirhy) 
Winter.  His  parents  emigrated  from  Ireland  in 
1842.  He  received  his  primary  education  in 
public  and  private  schools  in  Kingston,  N.Y.; 
attended  St.  Vincent's  college,  Latrobe,  Pa.,  and 
was  graduated  at  St.  John's  college,  Fordham, 
N.Y.,  A.B.,  1867,  A.M.,  1868.  He  was  ordained 
priest  in  St.  Joseph's  seminary,  Troy,  N.Y.,  in 
1871  ;  was 'professor  of  philosophy  in  St.  Joseph's 
seniinaiy,  1871-79  ;  pastor  of  St.  Patrick's  church, 
Newburg,  N.Y.,  1879-90,  and  in  1890  was  made 
pastor  of  the  Church  of  the  Sacred  Heart  of 
Jesus,  New  York  city.  He  was  made  vicar- 
general  of  the  archdiocese  of  New  York  in 


MOONEY 


MOORE 


1892  :  domestic  prelate  by  Pope  Leo  XIII.,  in 
1896.  and  received  the  degree  of  Ph.D.  from  St. 
Mary's  college,  Md.,  1886,  LL.D.  from  St.  John's, 
Fordham.  in  1889,  and  from  Notre  Dame  univer 
sity  in  lS9f>. 

MOONEY,  William,  patriot,  was  born  in  New 
York  city,  of  Irish  parents.  As  early  as  1765  he 
was  leader  of  the  ''Sons  of  Liberty"  of  New 
York,  an  organization  that  had  been  formed  in 
1735  to  oppose  the  Colonial  policy  of  the  British 
government,  and  which  upheld  John  Peter 
Zenger  (q.v.),  publisher  of  the  New  York  Weekly 
Journal,  when  he  was  tried  for  publishing  sedi 
tious  libels.  Upon  the  passing  of  the  stamp  act, 
this  society  was  foremost  in  its  denunciation  of  the 
acts  of  Parliament,  and  the  name  was  retained 
by  the  patriots  in  New  York  until  the  formation 
of  the  Whig  and  Tory  parties,  when  Mooney 
joined  the  Whigs  and  the  Sons  of  Liberty  disband 
ed.  He  engag 
ed  in  business 
as  an  uphols 
terer  in  New 
York.  He  was 
one  of  the  ori 
ginal  founders 
of  the  Colum 
bian  Order,  in 
:^^~r  —  1786,  which 
was  in  corpo- 
rated  in  1789 

as  the  Society  Tammany  and  he  was  the  first 
man  to  sign  its  constitution.  This  organiza 
tion  was  formed  as  a  secret  patriotic  be 
nevolent  society  in  political  opposition  to  the 
Order  of  the  Cincinnati.  It  upheld  the  princi 
ples  of  Thomas  Jefferson,  in  opposition  to  the 
Federal  system,  each  member  at  his  initiation 
being  compelled  to  repeat  the  assertion  to  sus 
tain  the  state  institutions  and  resist  a  consoli- 
da£ion  of  power  in  the  general  government. 
Mooney  proposed  the  name  in  honor  of  Columbus, 
the  system  of  Indian  government  to  be  insti 
tuted  through  an  official  head  known  as  the 
Great  Father,  but  it  was  changed  to  Society  of 
Tammany  in  honor  of  Chief  Tammany,  and  the 
official  head  was  called  the  grand  sachem. 
Mooney  Avas  appointed  first  grand  sachem, 
May  12,  1811.  He  was  elected  by  the  voters 
of  New  York  city  keeper  of  the  alinshouse, 
which  office  he  held  for  many  years.  The  date 
of  his  death  is  not  known,  but  he  was  alive 
as  late  as  1831,  and  was  then  mentioned  as  the 
last  of  the  original  members  of  the  Society  of 
Tammany. 

MOOR,  Wyman  Bradbury  Sevey,  senator, 
was  born  in  Waterville,  Maine,  Nov.  3, 181 1  ;  son  of 
Daniel  and  Rebecca  (Spring)  Moor.  He  was  gradu 
ated  from  Colby  university,  A.B.,  1.831,  A.M., 


1834,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1833.  He 
practised  in  Waterville,  1834-49  ;  was  a  represen 
tative  in  the  state  legislature,  1839-42  ;  attorney- 
general  of  the  state,  1844-48,  and  was  appointed 
U.S.  senator  by  Governor  Dana  to  fill  the  vacancy 
caused  by  the  death  of  John  Fail-field, -serving 
from  January  to  June,  1848,  when  Hannibal 
Hamlin  was  elected  to  fill  the  balance  of  Senator 
Fairfield's  term.  He  practised  law  in  Bangor 
1849-52,  and  in  Waterville,  1852-57,  and  in  1857 
was  appointed  by  President  Buchanan,  U.S. 
consul-general  at  Montreal,  Canada,  where  he 
served  until  the  inauguration  of  President  Lin 
coln  in  1861.  He  engaged  in  furnishing  army 
supplies  and  in  the  tobacco  business,  1861-69. 
He  removed  to  Lynchburg,  Va.,  in  1866,  and  died 
there,  March  10,  1869. 

MOORE,  Alfred,  associate  justice,  was  born  in 
Brunswick  county,  N.C.,  May  21,  1755  ;  son  of 
Judge  Maurice  and  Anne  (Grange)  Moore,  and  a 
descendant  of  Roger  Moore,  a  leader  of  the  Irish 
rebellion  of  1641.  His  first  ancestor  in  America 
the 


from 
prior 


c-v .  csvto-iryt 


emigrated 

Barbadoes  prior  to 
the  accession  of 
Charles  II.  to  the 
throne,  and  settled  in 
South  Carolina.  In 
1764  Alfred  Moore 
was  sent  to  Boston, 
Mass. ,  to  complete  his 
education,  when  he 
learned  military  tac 
tics  and  was  offered 
a  commission  in  the 
army.  He  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in 
1775,  and  on  Sept.  1, 

1775,  was  appointed 

captain  in  the  1st  North  Carolina  regiment,  com 
manded  by  his  uncle,  James  Moore,  and  took  part 
in  the  campaign  resulting  in  the  British  defeat  at 
Moore's  Creek,  February,  1776.  He  was  then  or 
dered  to  assist  in  the  defense  of  Charleston  ;  en 
gaged  in  the  attack  on  Fort  Moultrie,  in  June, 

1776,  and  after  the  repulse  of  the  British  at  Charles 
ton,  drilled  his  regiment  at  Wilmington.    He   re 
signed  his  commission,  March  8,  1777,  on  account 
of  the  misfortunes  of  his  family  in  North  Caro 
lina,  where  he  recruited  a  troop  of  guerillas,  and 
so  annoyed  the  British  that  Major  Craig  sent  a 
detachment  to  his  plantation  which  plundered 
and  burned  his  house  and  left  him  destitute.    He 
was  attorney-general  of  Nortli  Carolina   as  suc 
cessor   to   James   Iredell.    1779-90,    when   he  re 
signed  and  retired  to  his  plantation.     He  was  the 
unsuccessful  Federalist  candidate  for  U.S.  senator 
in  1795  :  was  elected  a  judge  of  the  state  supreme 
court   in   1798,   and  was  appointed  by  President 


1520] 


MOORE 


MOORE 


Washington  associate  justice  of  the  U.S.  supreme 
court  to  fill  the  vacancy  caused  by  the  death  of 
James  Iredell,  Oct.  20.  1799.  He  resigned  in 
1804  on  account  of  failing  health.  He  was  mar 
ried  to  Susan  Eagles,  and  of  his  children,  Alfred, 
(1783-1837)  became  a  well-known  lawyer  in  Wil 
mington,  and  was  a  representative  in  the  state 
legislature  and  for  several  sessions  speaker  of  the 
house.  Justice  Moore  died  in  Bladen  county, 
N.C.,  Oct.  15.  1810. 

MOORE,  Andrew,  senator,  was  born  in  Can- 
niscelle,  Augusta  county,  Va.,  in  1752.  He  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1774.  He  served  under 
Gen.  Andrew  Lewis  in  the  battle  of  Point 
Pleasant,  Va.,  Oct.  10,  1774,  and  at  the  outbreak 
of  the  Revolutionary  war  he  enlisted  in  the 
patriot  army,  was  commissioned  lieutenant, 
joined  General  Gates's  army  in  the  north,  and 
took  part  in  the  battle  of  Saratoga,  being  present 
at  the  surrender  of  Burgoyne.  He  resigned  in 
1779  with  the  rank  of  captain,  and  was  commis 
sioned  brigadier-general  of  state  militia  and 
major-general  in  1808.  He  was  a  representative 
in  the  state  legislature,  1781-89.  and  as  a  member 
of  the  state  convention  that  ratified  the  constitu 
tion  of  the  United  States  in  1788  he  was  conspic 
uous  in  declining  to  change  his  course  as  first 
marked  out  by  his  constituents  and  in  persistently 
refusing  to  join  the  popular  revolt  against  the 
adoption  of  the  instrument.  He  was  a  represen 
tative  from  Virginia  in  the  lst-4th  congresses, 
1789-97  ;  was  again  a  representative  in  the  state 
legislature,  1797-1800,  and  a  representative  in  the 
8th  congress,  serving  from  March  5,  1804,  till  Nov. 
6,  1804,  when  he  was  appointed  to  succeed  NY.  C. 
Nicholas,  resigned,  as  U.S.  senator.  When  the 
legislature  met  he  was  elected  to  complete  the 
term  of  A.  B.  Venable,  resigned,  which  term  ex 
pired,  March  3,  1809.  He  was  U.S.  marshal 
for  Virginia,  1810-21.  He  was  a  trustee  of  the 
Augusta  academy,  founded  in  the  year  1749 
by  Robert  Alexander,  under  its  first  charter, 
1782,  and  his  name  heads  the  list  of  trustees 
upon  the  organization  of  the  college  under  the 
name  of  the  College  of  Washington  in  Virginia, 
in  1796,  which  act  was  repudiated  by  the  board 
of  trustees.  Jan.  31,  1797.  He  served  as  trustee 
of  the  college  under  its  various  names,  1782-1821. 
He  died  in  Lexington,  Va.,  April  14,  1821. 

MOORE,  Andrew  Barry,  governor  of  Ala 
bama,  was  born  in  Spartanburg  district,  S.C., 
March  7,  180G.  He  removed  to  Alabama  in  1826, 
taught  school  for  two  years  in  Perry  county,  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1833.  He  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  the  state  legislature  several  terms, 
being  speaker  three  terms.  In  1848  he  was  nom 
inated  as  a  presidential  elector  on  the  Whig  ticket; 
was  circuit  judge  of  Alabama,  1852-57  ;  was 
elected  as  a  Democrat,  governor  of  the  state  in 


1857,  and  was  twice  re-elected,  serving  1857-61. 
At  the  outbreak  of  the  civil  war  he  directed  the 
seizure  of  the  U.S.  forts  and  arsenals  in  Alabama, 
before  the  secession  of  the  state,  and  at  the  close 
of  his  term  of  ofrL-e  in  1801  lie  was  appointed 
special  aide-de  camp  to  GJV.  John  Gill  Shorter, 
his  successor.  He  was  arrested  for  treason  and 
imprisoned  in  Fort  Pnlaski  in  1865.  and  upon  his 
release  he  resumed  his  law  practice  in  Marion, 
Ala.,  where  he  died,  April  5,  1873. 

MOORE,  Aubertine  Woodward,  author  and 
musician,  was  born  in  Montgomery  county,  Pa., 
Sept.  27,  1841  :  daughter  of  Joseph  Janvier  and 
Elizabeth  Graham  (Cox)  Woodward  ;  sister  of 
Joseph  Janvier  Woodward  (q.v.)  ;  granddaughter 
of  William  Wallis  and  Susan  (Janvier)  Wood 
ward,  and  of  Justice  and  Betsey  (Paschall)  Cox, 
and  a  descendant  of  Col.  Moses  Woodward  of 
Portsmouth,  N.H..  an  officer  in  the  Continental 
army,  and  on  the  maternal  side,  of  Philadelphia 
Quakers,  and  of  Swedes  who  settled  on  the  Dela 
ware  during  the  reign  of  Queen  Christina.  Her 
father  and  paternal  grandfather  were  well-known 
publishers  in  Philadelphia.  She  studied  music 
with  Carl  Gaertner  and  became  an  efficient  pianist. 
Her  earliest  writings,  under  the  pen-name  "Auber 
Forestier,''  consisted  chiefly  of  translations  from 
the  German  and  musical  criticisms.  During  a 
year's  visit  to  California,  1869-70,  she  contributed 
descriptive  articles  to  newspapers.  In  1879  she 
removed  from  Philadelphia  to  Madison,  Wis., 
where  she  became  prominent  in  musical  circles. 
She  lectured  first  in  Concord.  Mass..  in  1880, 
on  the  music  of  Norway,  illustrating  her  lecture 
on  the  piano,  and  was  thus  the  pioneer  in  America 
in  the  field  of  illustrated  talks  on  music.  She 
continued  her  lectures  in  the  leading  cities  of 
the  United  States.  Among  her  specialties  were 
the  musical  dramas  of  Wagner,  above  all  ''  The 
Ring  of  the  Niblungs."  She  was  married  in  1887 
to  Samuel  H.  Moore,  a  native  of  Pennsylvania. 
Her  published  translations  include  :  Robert  Byr's 
Sphinx  (1871)  and  Tin'  Strtu/r/le  for  Existence 
(1873):  Sophie  Verena's  Ahore.  Tempest  and  Tide 
(1873);  Victor  Cherbulie/'s  Samuel  Brohl  &  Co. 
(1877);  Kristofer  Janson's  The  Spellbound  Fiddler 
(1880)  ;  Tlieo.  Hanptner's  Voice.  Culture  (1886),  and 
a  vast  amount  of  song-words  for  music,  stories 
and  sketches  from  the  German,  French  and 
Scandinavian  tongues.  She  also  assisted  in  the 
translation  of  several  books  :  wax  one  of  the  editors 
and  translators  of  the  Xonrai/  Music  Albutn 
(1881),  and  wrote  its  introduction,  which  gives  a 
sketch  of  Norwegian  music.  She  wrote  the  Eng 
lish  words  to  Songs  from  the  Xnrth  (1895).  a  vol 
ume  of  songs  from  Norway,  Sweden  and  Den 
mark.  She  is  the  author  of:  Echoes  from  Mist- 
Laud,  or  the  Nibelungen  Lay  Revealed  to  Lovers 
of  Romance  and  Chivalry  (1877),  the  first  at- 

[530] 


MOORE 


MOORE 


tempt  to  popularize  the  old  lay  in  America  ;  For 
My  Musical  Friend  (1900) ;  For  Every  Music  Lover, 
or  How  to  Know  Music  (1902),  and  numerous 
sketches,  essays  and  stories  in  current  periodicals. 
MOORE,  Bartholomew  Figures,  lawyer,  was 
born  in  Halifax  county,  N.C..  Jan.  29,  1801  ;  son 
of  Jatnes  and  Sally  (Lowe)  Moore  ;  grandson  of 
James  Moore  of  Southampton  county,  N.C.,  and  a 
descendant  of  James  Moore  the  immigrant.  He 
was  graduated  at  the  University  of  North  Carolina 
in  1820  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1822.  He 
represented  Halifax  county  in  the  house  of  com 
mons,  1836,  1840,  1842,  1844  and  1806,  and  was 
attorney-general  of  the  state,  1848-51,  resigning 
on  being  appointed  one  cf  the  commissioners  to 
revise  the  statute  law  of  the  state.  His  position 
among  the  legal  fraternity  for  twenty-five  years 
gave  to  him  the  title  "  Father  of  the  Bar  of 
North  Carolina.''  He  was  a  trustee  of  the  Uni 
versity  of  North  Carolina,  1840-68  and  1875-78, 
and  received  from  that  institution  the  honorary 
degree  of  LL.D.  in  1868.  He  was  a  delegate  to 
the  convention  called  in  1865  to  reconstruct  the 
government  of  the  state.  He  bequeathed  $1000 
to  the  Masonic  orphan  asylum  of  the  state.  He  is 
the  author  of  :  Rerised  Code  of  Worth]  Carolina 
(1856).  He  died  in  Raleigh,  N.C.,  Nov.  27,  1878. 
MOORE,  Benjamin,  second  bishop  of  New 
York  and  9th  in  succession  in  the  American 
episcopate,  was  born  in  Newtown,  Long  Island, 
N.Y.,  Oct.  5,  1748;  son  of  Lieut.  Samuel  and 
iSarah  (Fish)  Moore;  grandson  of  Benjamin  and 

Anna(Sackett)  Moore, 
and  great'2-grandson 
of  John  Moore,  an 
Independent  minis 
ter,  the  first  allowed 
to  minister  in  New 
England,  who  died 
in  1657.  He  attend 
ed  the  schools  of 
Newtown,  L.I..  and 
was  graduated  from 
King's  (Columbia) 
college,  A.B.,  1768, 
A.M..  1771.  He  en 
gaged  as  a  private  in 
structor  in  Latin  and 
Greek  in  New  York 

city,  and  was  prepared  for  the  ministry  by  the 
Rev.  Dr.  Auchmuty,  rector  of  Trinity  church.  New 
York.  He  went  to  England,  in  May,  1774,  and 
was  ordered  deacon  in  the  chapel  of  Fulham 
Palace,  June  24,  1774,  and  ordained  priest  at  the 
same  place,  June  29,  1774,  by  Dr.  Richard  Terrick, 
bishop  of  London.  He  was  married  on  March 
20,  1779,  to  Charity  Clarke,  by  whom  he  had  one 
child,  Clement  C.  Moore  (q.v.).  Mrs.  Moore  died 
Dec.  4,  1838,  in  the  ninety-second  year  of  her  age. 


lie  was  elected  assistant  minister  of  Trinity 
parish,  February,  1775,  an  dcontinued  in  that  po 
sition  until  November,  1783,  when  he  was  elected 
rector.  The  election  was  contested  and  Dr.  Pro- 
voost  was  declared  rector,  Feb.  5, 1784.  Mr.  Moore 
thereupon  resumed  his  duties  as  assistant  minis 
ter,  serving  under  Dr.  Provoost  until  his  re 
signation,  and  on  Dec.  22,  1800,  he  succeeded  as. 
rector  of  Trinity  parish,  which  rectorship  he  held 
until  his  death  in  1811.  Upon  the  resignation  of 
Bishop  Provoost,  Sept.  7,  1801,  which  was  not 
accepted  by  the  house  of  bishops,  Dr.  Moore  was 
elected  coadjutor  bishop  of  New  York,  and  was 
consecrated  in  St.  Michael's  church,  Trenton, 
N.J.,  Sept.  11,  ISO  I,  by  Bishops  White,  Claggett 
and  Jarvis.  A  stroke  of  paralysis,  in  1811,  incapac 
itated  him  for  further  service,  and  on  May  9, 
1811,  he  asked  for  an  assistant,  whereupon  Dr. 
Hobart  was  elected  and  consecrated  on  May  29, 
1811,  as  assistant  bishop  of  New  York.  On  the 
death  of  Bishop  Provoost,  Sept.  6, 1815,  Dr.  Moore 
became  the  second  bishop  of  New  York.  He  was 
president  pro  tempore  of  King's  college,  1775-76  ; 
was  professor  of  rhetoric  and  logic  in  Columbia, 
1784-87;  received  the  degree  of  D.D.  from  Co 
lumbia  in  1801  ;  and  was  president,  1801-11,  and 
a  trustee,  1802-13.  He  was  a  regent  of  the 
University  of  the  State  of  New  York,  1787- 
1802.  He  is  the  author  of  a  few  single  sermons 
and  of  a  controversial  pamphlet  in  defense  of  the 
Protestant  Episcopal  church.  He  died  in  Green 
wich  village.  New  York  city,  Feb.  27,  1816. 

MOORE,  Clara  Sophia  (Jessup),  author,  was 
born  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Feb.  16,  1824;  daugh 
ter  of  Professor  Augustus  E.  and  Lydia  (Moseley) 
Jessup.  She  was  brought  up  in  Massachusetts, 
and  attended  school  at  Westfield  academy,  and 
in  New  Haven.  Conn.  She  was  married,  Oct.  27, 
1842,  to  Bloomfield  Haines  Moore,  a  paper  manu 
facturer  of  Philadelphia.  During  the  civil  war 
she  established  the  Women's  Pennsylvania  branch 
of  the  U.S.  Sanitary  commission  in  Philadelphia, 
of  which  she  was  corresponding  secretary,  and 
the  special  relief  committee  for  hospital  work. 
She  also  projected  and  aided  in  the  establishment 
of  the  Union  Temporary  Home  for  Children  in 
Philadelphia.  She  devoted  herself  to  literary 
work  after  her  marriage,  and  at  first  wrote  under 
the  pen-name  of  Mrs.  Clara  Moreton.  After  Mr. 
Moore's  death  in  1878,  she  obtained  legal  right  to 
sign  herself  Bloomfield-Moore.  She  removed  to 
London,  England,  in  1887.  She  is  the  author  of: 
Tlie  Diamond  Cross (1857);  Mabel's  Mission  (1875); 
Master  Jaclcy's  Holiday  (1875);  Poems  and  Stories 
(1875);  On  Dangerous  Ground  (1876);  Sensible 
Etiquette  (1878);  Gondalinc's  Lesson  (1881);  Slan 
der  and  Gossip  (1882);  The  Warden's  Tale,  and 
Other  Poems  Old  and  New  (1883);  and  Ether  the 
True  Protoplasm  (iS8~)),  written  in  explanation  of 


[531] 


MOORE 


MOORE 


the  secret  of  the  Kelley  motor,  in  which  she  was 
interested,  having  supported  the  alleged  inventor 
and  advanced  to  him  large  sums  of  money.  She 
died  in  London,  England,  Jan.  5,  1899. 

MOORE,  Clement  Clarke,  educator,  was  born 
at  •'  Chelsea",  Ne\v  York  city,  July  15, 1779  ;  son  of 
the  Rt.  Rev.  Benjamin  and  Charity  (Clarke) 
Moore  ;  grandson  of  Samuel  and  Sarah  (Fish) 
Moore,  and  of  Maj.  Thomas  Clarke,  an  officer  of 


the  British  army  (whose  county  seat,  "Chelsea," 
a  suburb  of  New  York  on  the  North  river  side, 
passed  to  Bishop  Benjamin  Moore  by  marriage  to 
Charity,  Major  Clarke's  second  daughter),  and  a 
descendant  of  John  Moore  of  Newtown,  Long 
Island,  an  Independent  clergyman  and  the  first 
minister  of  the  settlement,  who  died  in  1G57.  He 
was  graduated  from  Columbia,  A.B. ,  1798,  A.M., 
1801.  He  studied  theology  with  his  father  but 
did  not  take  orders  ;  was  a  trustee  of  Columbia, 
1813-57,  and  clerk  of  the  board  of  trustees,  1815- 
50.  He  made  a  generous  gift  in  1818  of  an  entire 
block  of  the  "Cheleea"  estate,  New  York  city, 
to  the  newly  organized  General  Theological  sem- 
minary  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal  church,  which 
had  been  established  by  general  convention,  May 
29,  1817,  and  removed  to  New  Haven,  Conn., 
Sept.  13,  1820.  The  condition  of  the  gift  was 
that  its  building  should  be  erected  on  the  block 
given,  and  this  was  done,  the  corner-stone  being 
laid  July  28,  1825.  He  was  a  professor  of  Hebrew 
and  Greek  in  the  General  Theological  seminary, 
1821-50,  and  professor  emeritus,  1850-63.  The 
honorary  degree  of  LL.D.  was  conferred  on  him 
by  Columbia  in  1829.  His  published  works  are  : 
A  Hebrew  and  Greek  Lexicon  (2  vols.,  1809); 
Bishop  Benjamin  Moore's  Sermons  (2  vols.,  1824); 
Poems  (1844);  George  Castriot,  Surnamed  Scan- 
derberg,  King  of  Albania  (1850),  and  he  also 
wrote  the  well-known  ballad  so  popular  with 
children,  'Twas  the  Night  before  Christmas.  He 
died  at  Newport,  R.I,,  July  10,  1863. 

MOORE,  Daniel  David  Tompkins,  journalist, 
was  born  in  Marcellus,  N.Y.,  Feb.  2,  1820.  In 
1835  he  was  apprenticed  in  the  printing  office 
of  the  Rochester,  N.Y.,  Advertiser,  and  was  later 
for  two  years  a  clerk  in  the  Rochester  post  office. 


He  studied  law,  but  upon  the  deatli  of  his  brother 
he  succeeded  him  as  publisher  of  the  Weekly 
Gazette  at  Jackson,  Mich.  He  established  the 
Michigan  Farmer,  and  in  1846  purchased  the 
Genesee  Farmer,  which  he  edited  for  three  years. 
He  began  the  publication  of  Moore's  Rural  New 
Yorker  on  Jan.  1,  1850,  and  in  1869  removed 
it  from  Rochester  to  New  York  city,  but  this 
proved  disastrous  and  the  paper  passed  from  his 
hands.  It  was  still  published  in  190'3  under  the 
same  name.  His  next  venture,  Moore's  Rural 
Life,  was  a  failure,  and  he  devoted  the  remainder 
of  his  life  to  conducting  agricultural  departments 
in  various  newspapers  and  magazines.  While  in 
Rochester  he  held  several  important  offices,  in 
cluding  that  of  mayor.  He  died  in  New  York 
city,  June  3,  1892. 

MOORE,  David  Hastings,  M.  E.  bishop,  was 
born  in  Athens,  Ohio.  Sept.  4,  1838  ;  son  of 
Eliakim  Hastings,  and  Amy  (Barker)  Moore  ; 
grandson  of  David  and  Dolly  (Hastings)  Moore, 
and  of  Michael  and  Isabella  (Harper)  Barker, 
and  a  descendant  of  Thomas  Hastings,  who  came 
from  Suffolk,  England,  to  Watertown,  Mass., 
1634.  He  attended  the  public  schools  of  Athens, 
and  was  graduated  from  the  Ohio  university, 
A.B.,  1860,  A.M.,  1863.  He  entered  the  ministry 
of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church  in  1860.  In 
1862,  he  volunteered  in  the  Federal  army  ;  was 
promoted  captain  in  the  87th  Ohio  volunteers, 
and  major  and  lieutenant-colonel  of  the  125th 
Ohio  volunteers.  At  the  close  of  the  war  lie  re- 
entered  the  ministry.  He  was  president  of  Cin 
cinnati  Wesleyan  college,  1875-80  ;  president  of 
the  Colorado  seminary,  and  chancellor  of  the 
University  of  Denver,  1880-89,  and  was  elected 
professor  of  political  economy  in  the  University 
of  Colorado  in  1889.  He  edited  the  Western 
Christian  Advocate,  1889-90.  He  was  elected  a 
bishop  in  May,  1900,  and  was  assigned  to  Eastern 
Asia,  with  his  residence  in  Shanghai,  China.  He 
married,  June  21,  1860,  Julia  Sophia,  daughter 
of  Cephas  and  Maria  Theresa  (Hawkes)  Carpen 
ter.  Of  his  children,  Eliakim  Hastings  Moore 
(q.v.),  became  professor  at  the  University  of 
Chicago  ;  William  Augustus  Moore,  M.A.,  LL.B., 
professor  of  law  at  the  Denver  University  law 
school;  and  Alfred  Truman  Moore,  A.M.,  LL.B., 
city  editor  of  the  Cincinnati  Post.  The  honorary 
degree  of  D.D.  was  conferred  on  him  by  the  Ohio 
Wesleyan  university  in  1875,  that  of  LL.D..  by 
Mount  Union  college  in  1896,  and  by  the  Uni 
versity  of  Denver  in  1899. 

MOORE,  Edward  Mott,  surgeon,  was  born  in 
Rahway,  N.J.,  July  15,  1814  ;  son  of  Lindley 
Murray  and  Abigail  (Mott)  Moore.  His  father, 
a  distinguished  Quaker,  was  a  leader  of  the  anti- 
slavery  movement.  He  attended  the  schools  of 
New  York  city  and  Rochester,  N.Y.,  and  was 


[532] 


MOORE 


MOORE 


graduated  from  the  University  of  Pennsylvania, 
M.D.,  1838.  He  began  practice  in  Rochester  in 
1840,  and  was  professor  of  surgery  in  the  medical 
schools  at  Woodstock,  Vt.,  and  Berkshire,  Mass.; 
at  the  Starling  Medical  college,  Columbus,  Ohio, 
and  at  the  Buffalo  Medical  college.  1854-83.  He 
was  president  of  the  Medical  Society  of  the  State 
of  New  York  ;  a  founder  of  the  Surgical  Asso 
ciation  of  the  United  States,  succeeding  Dr. 
Gross  as  its  president,  and  was  the  first  president 
of  the  state  board  of  health  until  1880,  when  he 
resigned.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  inter 
national  congress  of  physicians  at  Copenhagen, 
Denmark,  1884.  His  more  important  researches 
are  those  on  the  action  of  the  heart.  He  lectured 
on  surgery  at  the  Buffalo  Medical  college  for 
twenty-nine  years,  and  at  the  medical  school  at 
Woodstock,  Vt.,  for  eleven  years.  He  was  elected 
a  trustee  of  the  University  of  Rochester  in  1872, 
and  was  second  vice-president  of  the  board,  1880- 
93,  and  in  1893  was  elected  president  of  the 
board.  He  developed  the  park  system  of  Roches 
ter,  and  was  president  of  the  board  of  manage 
ment  in  1902.  He  received  the  honorary  degree 
of  LL.D.  from  the  University  of  Rochester  in 
1870. 

MOORE,  Eliakim  Hastings,  educator,  was 
born  in  Marietta,  Ohio,  Jan.  20,  1862 ;  son  of 
David  Hastings  and  Julia  Sophia  (Carpenter) 
Moore.  He  attended  the  Woodward  high  school 
at  Cincinnati.  Ohio,  and  was  graduated  from 
Yale,  A.B.,  1883,  Ph.D.,  1885.  He  was  instructor 
in  mathematics  in  the  preparatory  school  of 
Northwestern  imiversity,  1880-87;  tutor  in  math 
ematics  at  Yale,  1887-89  ;  assistant  professor  of 
mathematics  at  Northwestern  university,  1889- 
91;  associate  professor,  1891-92;  professor  of 
mathematics  at  the  University  of  Chicago,  1892- 
96,  and  in  1890  became  head  of  the  department. 
He  was  married,  June  21,  1892,  to  Martha  Morris, 
daughter  of  Col.  William  Henry  Young  of  Colum 
bus,  Ohio.  He  was  elected  vice-president  of  the 
American  Mathematical  society  and  co-editor  of 
its  transactions  in  1899  ;  a  member  of  the  American 
Mathematical  society,  the  London  Mathematical 
society,  the  Deutsche  Mathematiker-Vereinigung, 
and  the  Circolo  Matematico  di  Palermo.  He  be 
came  a  contributor  to  leading  mathematical  jour 
nals  of  Europe  and  America. 

MOORE,  Frank,  editor,  was  born  in  Concord, 
N.H.,  Dec.  17,  1828  ;  son  of  Jacob  Bailey  and 
Mary  Adams  (Hill)  Moore,  and  grandson  of  Dr. 
Jacob  Bailey  and  Mary  (Eaton)  Moore.  His 
parents  removed  to  New  York  city  in  1839, 
and  he  attended  the  public  schools  there  and 
engaged  in  editorial  work.  In  1869  lie  was  ap 
pointed  assistant  secretary  of  legation  at  Paris. 
He  returned  to  New  York  in  1872,  conducted  the 
Record  of  the  Year,  a  monthly  publication,  1876- 


77,  and  thereafter  devoted  himself  to  literary 
work.  He  is  the  editor  of  :  Songs  and  Ballads  of 
the  American  Involution  (1856);  Cyclopedia  of 
American  Eloquence  (1857) ;  Diary  of  the  Amer 
ican  Revolution  (2  vols.,  1860);  Materials  for 
History  (1861);  The  Rebellion  Record  (12  vols., 
1861-65) ;  Lyrics  of  Loyalty  (1864) ;  Rebel  Rhymes 
and  Rhapsodies  (1864);  Personal  and  Political 
Ballads  (1864:) ;  Speeches  of  Andrew  Johnson,  with 
a  Biographical  Introduction  (1865);  Life  and 
Speeches  of  John  Bright  (1865) ;  Women  of  the 
War,  18G1-GG  (1800);  Songs  and  Ballads  of  the 
Southern  People,  18G1-U5  (1887). 

MOORE,  Gabriel,  senator,  was  born  in  Stokes 
county,  N.C.,  about  1785.  He  practised  law  in 
Hunts ville,  Mississippi  Territory,  served  in  the 
territorial  legislature  for  several  years  and  was 
a  member  and  speaker  of  the  only  territorial  leg 
islature  in  Alabama  in  1817.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  convention  that  framed  the  constitution  of 
Alabama  in  1819,  was  the  first  state  senator  from 
Madison  county  in  1820,  and  was  elected  a  repre 
sentative  in  the  17th  congress  in  place  of  William 
Kelly,  elected  to  the  U.S.  senate,  and  was  re-elected 
to  the  18th,  19th  and  20th  congresses,  serving 
1823-29,  defeating  Clement  Comer  Clay  for  the 
20th  congress.  He  was  elected  governor  of 
Alabama  without  opposition  in  1828,  serving 
1829-31,  and  resigned  in  1831  to  take  his  seat  in 
the  U.S.  senate,  where  he  served,  1831-37.  He  in 
curred  unpopularity  by  voting  against  the  confir 
mation  of  Martin  Van  Buren  as  U.S.  minister  to 
Great  Britain  in  1832,  and  was  requested  by  the 
legislature  to  resign  from  the  senate  in  1833, 
which  he  refused  to  do.  He  was  defeated  for 
representative  in  the  25th  congress  in  1836  and  in 
1843  removed  to  Caddo,  Texas,  where  he  died, 
June  9,  1844. 

MOORE,  George  Foot,  educator,  was  born  in 
West  Chester,  Pa.,  Oct.  15,  1851  :  son  of  the  Rev. 
William  Eves  and  Harriet  (Foot)  Moore,  and 
grandson  of  Dr.  Jacob  and  Sarah  (Faris)  Moore 
and  of  the  Rev.  George  and  Ann  (Fish)  Foot. 
He  attended  West  Chester  academy  and  Wyers' 
school  at  West  Chester,  and  was  graduated  from 
Yale  in  1872,  and  from  the  Union  Theological 
seminary,  N.Y.,  in  1877.  He  was  married,  April 
25,  1878,  to  Mary  T.  Han  ford.  He  was  pastor  of 
the  Putnam  Presbyterian  church,  Zanesville, 
Ohio,  1878-83,  and  was  elected  professor  of  He 
brew  language  and  literature  in  Andover  Theo 
logical  seminary  in  1883.  He  was  made  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Society  of  Biblical  Literature  in  1883  ; 
of  the  Deutsche  Morgenlandische  Gesellschaft  in 
1885,  and  of  the  American  Oriental  society  in 
1887.  The  degree  of  A.M.  was  conferred  on  him 
by  Yale,  1883  ;  the  honorary  degree  of  D.D.  by 
Marietta,  1885,  and  by  Yale,  1897.  He  is  the 
author  of:  Critical  Excyetical  Commentary  on 


.  [533] 


MOORE 


MOORE 


Judges  (1895):  Judges:  Translation  and  Notes 
(Polycrome  Bible,  1898);  Ja 'lacs  :  Critical  Edition 
of  the  Hebrew  Te.ct,  with  Notes  (1900). 

MOORE,  George  Henry,  author,  was  born  in 
Concord,  N.H..  April  20,  1823;  son  of  Jacob 
Bailey  and  Mary  Adams  (Hill)  Moore.  He  at 
tended  Dartmouth  college,  1838-39 ;  removed 
with  his  parents  to  New  York  city  in  18-39,  and 
was  graduated  from  the  University  of  the  City  of 
New  York,  A.B.,  1842,  A.M.,  1845.  He  was  as- 


sistant  librarian  of  the  New  York  Historical 
society,  1841-49,  and  librarian,  1849-76.  He  was 
married.  Oct.  21,  1850,  to  Mary  Howe,  daughter 
of  John  Givan.  He  was  superintendent  of  the 
Lenox  library,  New  York  city,  1872-82.  He  was 
a  member  of  the  council  of  the  University  of  the 
City  of  New  York,  1871-83,  and  was  appointed 
professor  of  law  in  1860,  but  never  served  as 
such.  He  was  a  member  of  the  New  York  and 
Massachusetts  historical  societies,  the  American 
Geographic,  Ethnological  and  Antiquarian  so 
cieties,  and  the  New  England  Historic  Geneologi- 
cal  society.  The  honorary  degree  of  LL.D.  was 
conferred  on  him  by  the  University  of  the  City  of 
New  York  in  1868.  He  is  the  author  of  :  "The 
Treason  of  Major-General  Charles  Lee  (1860); 
Employment  of  Negroes  in  the  Revolution  (1862); 
Notes  on  the  History  of  Slavery  in  Massachusetts 
(1866);  Notes  on  the  History  of  Witchcraft  in 
Massachusetts  (1866);  History  of  the  Old  State 
House  in  Boston  :  History  of  the  Jurisprudence  of 
Neu)  York  (1872);  Washington  as  an  Angler 
(1887).  He  died  in  New  York  city,  May  5,  1892. 

MOORE,  Henry  Eaton,  composer,  was  born  in 
Andover,  N.H.,  July  31,  1803  ;  son  of  Dr.  Jacob 
Bailey  and  Mary  (Eaton)  Moore.  He.  learned  the 
printer's  trade  and  in  1824  established  the  Graf  ton 
Journal  Plymouth,  N.H.,  and  edited  it  until 
1826.  He  was  a  teacher  of  music  and  the  author 
of:  The  Musical  Catechism  (1829);  The  New 
Hampshire  Collection  of  Church  Music  (1832); 
The  Merrimack  Collection  of  Instrumental  and 
Martial  Music  (1833);  The  National  Choir  (1834); 
The  Northern  Harp  (1837).  In  1831  he  published 
the  Boston  Eoliad,  a  weekly  musical  magazine. 
He  died  in  Cambridge,  Mass.,  Oct.  23,  1831. 


MOORE,  Jacob  Bailey,  author,  was  born  in 
Andover,  N.H.,  Oct.  31,  1797;  son  of  Dr.  Jacob 
Bailey  and  Mary  (Eaton)  Moore.  His  ancestors 
came  to  the  United  States  from  Scotland.  The 
son  learned  the  printer's  trade  in  the  office  of  the 
New  Hampshire  Patriot  at  Concord,  N.H.,  and 
in  1826  became  a  bookseller  and  publisher.  He 
married  Mary  Adams,  sister  of  Isaac  Hill, 
editor  of  the  New  Hampshire  Patriot,  and  was 
taken  into  partnership.  In  1826  he  founded  and 
was  editor  of  the  New  Hampshire  Statesman, 
through  whose  columns  he  advocated  the  claims 
of  John  Quincy  Adams  to  the  presidential  nom 
ination.  He  was  a  representative  in  the  state 
legislature,  1828-29  ;  sheriff  of  Merrimack  county, 
1829-33  ;  edited  the  New  Hampshire  Journal  in 
1839,  and  the  same  year  removed  to  New  York 
city,  where  he  edited  the  Daily  Whig,  1839-41. 
He  was  a  government  clerk  in  the  post  office  at 
Washington,  D.C.,  1841-45  :  was  librarian  of  the 
New  York  Historical  society,  1845-49;  removed 
to  California,  and  was  postmaster  at  San  Fran 
cisco,  1849-53.  He  assisted  John  Farmer  (q.v.) 
in  compiling  a  Gazetteer  of  New  Hampshire 
(3vols.,  1822-24);  and  is  the  author  of:  Annals  of 
Concord,  with,  a.  Memoir  of  the  Penaeook  Indians 
(1823-26);  TMH-S  of  Trade  in  the  United  States 
(1840),  and  Memoirs  of  American  (rorernorx  (in 
complete,  1846),  designate  I  to  embrace  all  the 
colonial  and  provincial  governors.  He  died  in 
Bellows  Falls,  Vt..  Sept.  1,  1853. 

MOORE,  James,  governor  of  South  Carolina, 
1719.  was  horn  in  Charleston,  S.U.,  in  1667  ;  son 
of  James  Moore,  governor  of  South  Carolina, 
1700,  who  emigrated  from  Ireland  in  1665,  settled 
in  Charleston,  and  was  married  in  1666  to  the 
daughter  of  Sir  John  Yeamans.  James  became 
well  known  as  a  soldier  in  his  campaigns  against 
the  Indians,  and  in  1702  he  conducted  an  unsuc 
cessful  expedition  against  the  Spaniards  at 
St.  Augustine,  resulting  in  a  heavy  debt  on 
the  colony,  which  was  relieved  by  issuing  the 
first  paper  money  used  in  South  Carolina.  In 
1703  he  led  an  expedition  against  the  Appalachian 
Indians  in  Cape  Fear,  N.C.,  and  completely  sub 
dued  them.  In  1713  he  commanded  the  forces 
sent  by  C«ov.  Charles  Craven  to  aid  the  settlers  of 
North  Carolina.  Upon  the  deposition  of  Gov. 
Johnson  he  was  elected  his  successor  in  1719,  but 
was  succeeded  the  same  year  by  Arthur  Middle- 
ton.  He  subsequently  served  as  attorney -general 
and  judge  of  the  admiralty  court  of  South  Caro 
lina,  and  was  speaker  of  the  state  assembly,  1721- 
25.  He  removed  to  North  Carolina  about  1735, 
and  lived  with  his  brother  Maurice  Moore,  one  of 
the  pioneer  settlers  of  the  colony  of  North  Caro 
lina,  and  resided  in  Cape  Fear  district,  where  he 
was  ill  in  a  room  adjoining  that  of  his  brother,  and 
both  died  at  about  the  same  hour,  Nov.  19,  1740. 


[534] 


MOORE 


MOORE 


MOORE,  James,  soldier,  was  born  in  New 
Hanover,  N.C.,  in  1737;  son  of  Maurice  Moore, 
and  grandson  of  James  Moore,  governor  of  South 
Carolina,  1700.  He  served  under  Governor  Lyon 
as  captain  of  artillery  at  the  defeat  of  the  regu 
lators  at  Alamance  in  1771  ;  was  colonel  of  the 
1st  regiment  of  North  Carolina  troops  raised  for 
the  state  defence,  and  commanded  the  regiment 
at  Moore's  Creek  Bridge,  N.C.,  in  February,  1776. 
He  was  promoted  brigadier-general ;  was  made 
commander-in-chief  of  the  Department  of  the 
South,  and  received  the  thanks  of  congress  for 
his  gallantry.  He  was  stricken  with  fever  while 
on  his  way  to  join  General  Washington,  and  died 
at  Wilmington,  N.C.,  Jan.  15.  1777. 

MOORE,  James  W,  educator,  was  born  in 
East  on.  Pa.,  June  14,  1844  ;  son  of  Samuel  and 
Elizabeth  (Wamsley)  Moore  ;  grandson  of  Samuel 
and  Sarah  (Green)  Moore,  and  a  descendant  of  the 
Rev.  John  and  Margaret  (Howell)  Moore  of  New- 
town,  N.Y.  He  was  graduated  from  Lafayette, 
A.  13.,  1864,  A.M.,  1867;  taught  school  in  Easton, 
1864-65. was  at  Lafayette  as  tutor,  1866-68,  adjunct 
professor  of  mechanics  and  experimental  philo 
sophy,  1868-72,  and  was  full  professor  from  1872. 
He  was  graduated  from  the  University  of  Penn 
sylvania,  M.D.,  1869.  He  was  married,  July  30, 
1874.  to  Rachel  Phillips,  daughter  of  the  Rev. 
James  Flannery  of  Philadelphia.  He  directed 
the  organization  of  the  department  of  physics  at 
Lafayette  college  and  also  equipped  the  labora 
tory  of  the  college.  He  was  elected  a  member  or 
fellow  of  numerous  scientific  societies  ;  was  con 
feree  of  the  International  Congress  of  Electri 
cians,  Philadelphia,  1884,  and  Chicago,  1893,  and 
is  the  author  of  :  The  Elements  of  Natural  Phil 
osophy;  Instruments  and  Methods  of  Physical 
Measurements  ;  Electro-dynamic,  Phenomena,  and 
other  works  on  physics. 

MOORE,  Jere,  educator,  was  born  in  Tuscu- 
lum.  Tenn.,  Nov.  25.  1845;  son  of  Anthony  and 
Nancy  Paxton  (Holt)  Moore,  and  grandson  of 
David  and  Elizabeth  (Smith)  Moore.  The  Moores 
were  Scotch  and  the  Holts  English.  He  was 
graduated  from  the  Greenville  and  Tusculum 
college,  Tusculum,  Tenn.,  A.  13.,  1871,  and  from 
Lane  Theological  seminary,  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  in 
1874.  He  was  married,  Dec.  10,  1874,  to  Bell  R., 
daughter  of  E.  E.  Mathes.  He  was  licensed  to 
preach,  Sept.  4,  1873  ;  ordained  by  the  presby 
tery  of  Halston  in  September,  1874  ;  preached  in 
Tennessee  at  Amity,  Timber  Ridge,  Mt.  Bethel 
and  Oakland,  1873-83.  He  was  president  of 
Greenville  and  Tusculum  college  from  May,  1883, 
to  May,  1901,  and  was  eminently  successful  in 
building  up  the  college.  In  1901  he  resigned,  and 
was  made  vice-president  and  professor  of  politi 
cal  sciences.  He  received  the  honorary  degree 
•of  D.D.  from  Greenville  and  Tusculum  college. 


MOORE,  Jesse  Hale,  educator,  clergyman, 
soldier  and  representative,  was  born  in  St.  Clair 
county,  111.,  April  22,  1817.  He  was  graduated 
from  McKendree  college,  Lebanon,  111.,  A.B., 
1842,  A.M.,  1845  ;  was  a  teacher  at  Nashville,  111., 
1844-46.  He  was  licensed  to  preach  in  1846  and 
was  pastor  of  the  Shelby  ville  M.E.  church.  He 
subsequently  became  principal  of  the  seminary  at 
Paris,  Ky.,  and  was  president  of  Quincy  college, 
111.,  1854-56,  and  pastor  at  Decatur,  111.,  1856-62. 
In  1862  he  resigned  and  raised  the  115th  Illinois 
regiment,  which  he  commanded  at  Chickamauga 
and  in  the  pursuit  of  Hood,  and  for  a  time  he 
commanded  the  2nd  brigade,  1st  division,  4th 
army  corps,  Thomas's  Army  of  the  Cumberland, 
in  the  Tennessee  campaign,  1864-65.  He  was 
brevetted  brigadier-general  of  volunteers  in  1865 
for  gallant  and  meritorious  conduct  during  the 
war.  He  returned  to  Illinois,  was  elected  pre 
siding  elder  of  the  Decatur  district  in  1868,  and 
was  a  Republican  representative  in  the  41st  and 
42nd  congresses,  1869-73,  being  chairman  of  the 
committee  on  invalid  pensions  during  the  42nd 
congress.  The  honorary  degree  of  LL.D.  was 
conferred  on  him  by  McKendree  college  in  1871. 
In  1881  he  was  appointed  U.S.  consul  at  Callao, 
Peru,  where  he  died,  July  11,  1883. 

MOORE,  John,  representative,  was  born  in 
Berkeley  county,  Va.,  in  1788.  He  removed  to 
Franklin,  La.  ;  was  a  representative  in  the  state 
legislature,  1825-35,  and  served  for  several  years 
in  the  state  senate.  He  was  a  representative  in 
the  26th  and  27th  congresses,  1839-43,  removed  to 
New  Iberia,  and  was  a  representative  in  the  32nd 
congress,  1851-53.  He  was  a  presidential  elector 
in  1849,  and  a  delegate  to  the  Louisiana  seces 
sion  convention,  1861.  He  died  in  New  Iberia, 
La.,  in  June,  1867. 

MOORE,  John,  surgeon,  was  born  in  Indiana, 
Aug.  16,  1826.  He  entered  the  U.S.  army  as 
assistant  surgeon  in  June,  1853  ;  served  at  Fort 
Myers,  Fla.,  1853-56;  at  Fort  Independence, 
Boston,  Mass.,  1856-57  ;  with  the  Utah  expedition, 
1857-61,  and  at  the  marine  hospital  at  Cincinnati, 
1861-62.  He  was  promoted  surgeon  in  June,  1862, 
and  served  as  medical  director  of  the  central 
grand  division  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac, 
1862-63  ;  of  the  Department  of  the  Tennessee, 
1863-65,  and  of  the  Department  of  the  Mississippi, 
1865-66.  He  was  brevetted  lieutenant-colonel, 
Sept.  1,  1864,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services 
during  the  Atlanta  campaign,  and  colonel,  March 
13,  1865,  for  faithful  and  meritorious  services 
during  the  war.  He  was  stationed  at  Fort  Wads- 
worth,  N.Y.,  1866,  and  at  Fort  Columbus,  N.Y., 
1867,  and  was  examining  surgeon  of  recruits  and 
a  member  of  the  medical  board  of  New  York  city, 
1867-86.  He  was  appointed  medical  purveyor, 
with  the  rank  of  lieutenant-colonel,  Oct.  8,  1883, 


[53.-, 


MOORE 


MOORE 


and  surgeon-general  of  the  U.S.  army,  with  the 
rank  of  brigadier-general,  Nov.  18,  1886.  He 
served  at  army  headquarters,  Washington,  D.C., 
1886-90,  and  was  retired  by  operation  of  law, 
Aug.  16.  1X90. 

MOORE,  John,  R.C.  bishop,  was  born  in 
Castletown-Delvin,  county  AYestmeath,  Ireland, 
June  2-4,  1834.  In  1848  lie  immigrated  to  Charles 
ton,  S.C.,  where  lie  began  his  classical  studies. 
He  completed  his  classical  course  in  the  college 
of  Combree,  in  the 
department  of  Maine- 
et-Loire,  France,  18- 
51-56,  finishing  his 
philosophical  studies 
in  the  Gregorian  uni 
versity,  Rome.  He 
studied  theology  in 
the  Urban  college  of 
the  Propaganda,  18- 
56-60,  taking  the  de 
gree  of  D.D.,  and 
was  ordained  priest, 
April  9,  1860.  He 
was  appointed  as 
sistant  priest  at  the 
cathedral  chapel  of 
St.  John  the  Baptist,  Charleston,  in  October, 
1860,  and  soon  afterward  was  made  rector  of  the 
cathedral.  Throughout  the  civil  war  he  attended 
the  sick  of  both  armies  in  the  hospitals  of 
Charleston,  and  paid  weekly  visits  to  the  Federal 
prisoners  in  the  stockade  near  Florence,  S.C. 
During  the  absence  of  Bishop  Lynch  in  Europe 
he  was  administrator  of  the  diocese.  The  cathe 
dral  was  burned  down  in  the  fall  of  1861,  and  for 
the  greater  part  of  the  war,  but  especially  during 
the  bombardment  of  the  city,  there  was  bat  a 
remnant  of  the  once  flourishing  parish  left.  In 
1864  he  was  appointed  rector  of  St.  Patrick's 
parish,  then  in  a  disorganized  condition,  and  he 
succeeded  in  reconstructing  the  parish,  enlarging 
the  church,  building  a  parsonage,  and  organizing 
the  largest  Sunday  school  in  the  city.  In  1872 
he  was  appointed  vicar-general,  which  office  lie 
held,  together  with  the  rectorship  of  St.  Patrick's, 
until  lie  was  nominated  bishop  of  St.  Augustine, 
as  successor  to  Bishop  Verot,  who  died,  June  10, 
1876.  Dr.  Moore  was  consecrated  bishop  in  the 
pro-cathedral  by  Bishop  Lynch,  on  May  13,  1877. 
For  the  purpose  of  the  education  of  youth  and 
the  care  of  the  sick  he  established  in  his  diocese 
eight  houses  of  the  Sisters  of  St.  Joseph,  two  of 
the  Sisters  of  the  Holy  Names,  and  two  of  the 
Sisters  of  St.  Benedict  ;  and  a  college  for  young 
men  and  boys  was  opened  in  1893  at  St.  Leo's,  in 
Pasco  county,  under  the  charge  of  the  Benedict 
ine  Fathers.  In  Jacksonville  lie  founded  St. 
Mary's  Home,  an  orphanage  for  girls,  under  the 


care  of  the  Sisters  of  St.  Joseph,  and  instituted 
churches,  missions  and  schools  in  other  parts  of 
the  state,  having  in  1901,  2500  young  people  under 
his  care  in  various  institutions.  Bishop  Moore 
died  in  St.  Augustine,  Fla.,  July  30,  1901. 

MOORE,  John  Bassett,  lawyer,  diplomat  and 
publicist,  was  born  in  Smyrna,  Del..  Dei;.  3.  I860  ; 
son  of  Dr.  John  A.  and  Martha  A.  (Ferguson) 
Moore  ;  grandson  of  Thomas  J.  and  Mary  (Johnson) 
Moore,  and  of  Bassett  and  Susan  (Weldon)  Fer 
guson.  He  attended 
private  schools  at 
Felton,  Del.,  and  in 
1787  entered  the  Uni 
versity  of  Virginia, 
where  he  gave  spec 
ial  attention  to  the 
classics,  history,  lit 
erature,  moral  philos 
ophy  and  logic.  In 
1880  he  began  the 
study  of  law  with 
Edward  G.  Bradford 
of  Wilmington,  Del., 
and  he  was  admit 
ted  to  the  bar  in  18- 
83.  In  July,  1885. 
after  a  competitive  examination,  he  entered  the 
civil  service  in  the  department  of  state,  Wash 
ington,  D.C.,  and  in  August,  1886,  he  was  pro 
moted  to  the  position  of  third  assistant  secretary 
of  state.  He  acted  as  secretary  on  the  American 
side  in  the  fisheries  conference  at  Washington, 
1887-88,  and  was  also  secretary  of  the  conference 
between  the  secretary  of  state  and  the  German  and 
British  ministers,  in  June  and  July.  1887,  relative 
to  affairs  in  Samoa,  and  prepared  all  the  protocols 
of  the  conference.  In  1891  he  resigned  from  the 
state  department  to  accept  the  chair  of  in 
ternational  law  and  diplomacy  at  Columbia  uni 
versity.  In  April,  1898.  on  the  outbreak  of  the 
•war  with  Spain,  he  was  appointed  by  President 
McKinley  assistant  secretary  of  state,  which  posi 
tion  he  resigned,  Sept.  16.  1898,  to  accept  the 
position  of  secretary  and  counsel  to  the  peace 
commission,  which  concluded  at  Paris,  Dec.  10. 
1898,  the  treaty  of  peace  with  Spain.  He  re 
sumed  his  duties  at  Columbia  university  in  Feb 
ruary,  1899.  In  the  summer  of  1901  he  held  a 
series  of  conferences  on  international  law  at  the 
Naval  AVar  college.  Newport,  R.I.  He  was 
elected  to  membership  in  various  scientific  so 
cieties,  including  the  Institut  Colonial  Inter 
national,  the  American  Historical  Association, 
and  the  American  Academy  of  Political  and 
Social  Science,  and  an  associate  of  the  Institut 
de  Droit  International.  He  received  the  honor 
ary  degree  of  LL.D.  from  Columbia  university, 
in  1899,  from  Delaware  college.  Newark,  Del... 


[530] 


MOORE 


in  1900,  from  Yale  university,  in  October,  1901. 
His  published  works  embrace  :  Report  on  Ex 
traterritorial  Crime  and  the  Catting  Case  (1887); 
Report  on  Extradition,  ivith  returns  of  Cases 
(1890);  A  Treatise  on  Extradition  and  Interstate 
Rendition  (2  vols.,  1891);  American  Notes  on  the 
Conflict  of  Laws,  accompanying  Dicey's  Con 
flict  of  Laws  (1896);  ^4  History  and  Digest  of 
International  Arbitrations  (6  vols.,  1898);  Inter 
national  Law  Situations,  ivith  Solutions  and 
Notes  ( 190 1 ) .  His  miscellaneous  writings  include 
numerous  papers  and  addresses  on  legal  and  his 
torical  subjects  and  his  writings  as  one  of  the 
editors  of  the  Political  Science  Quarterly,  of  the 
Revue  de  Droit  International,  and  of  the  Journal 
du  Droit  International  Prive. 

MOORE,  John  Leverett,  educator,  was  born  in 
New  York  city,  June  6,  1859  ;  son  of  Alexander 
Thompson  and  Fidelia  (Leverett)  Moore  ;  grand 
son  of  John  and  Esther  Steele  (Wellman) 
Leverett,  and  a  descendant  of  Sir  John  Leverett, 
governor  of  Massachusetts,  1673-79, whose  father, 
Thomas  Leverett,  emigrated  from  Boston,  Eng 
land,  in  1633.  He  was  prepared  for  college  by  a 
private  tutor  and  was  graduated  from  the  College 
of  New  Jersey  (Princeton),  A.B.,1881,  A.M.,  1884  ; 
was  a  tutor  in  Latin  at  the  College  of  New  Jersey, 
1883-85  ;  instructor  in  Latin  at  Johns  Hopkins  uni 
versity,  1888-91,  and  in  1891  was  elected  professor 
of  Latin  at  Vassar  college.  Poughkeepsie,  N.Y.  He 
was  elected  a  member  of  the  American  Philolog 
ical  association  in  1887  ;  of  the  Archaeological 
Institute  of  America  in  1896,  and  of  the  man 
aging  committee  of  the  American  School  of 
Classical  Study  in  Rome  in  1895.  He  received 
the  degree  of  Ph.D.  from  the  Johns  Hopkins 
university  in  1891.  He  was  married,  Dec.  23, 
1891,  to  Nancy  Clark,  daughter  of  John  Howell 
and  Annie  (Campbell)  Williams.  He  became  a 
member  of  the  University  club  of  New  York 
city  in  1893,  and  of  the  Princeton  club  of  New 
York  city  in  1899.  He  is  the  author  of  Latin 
Prose  Exercises  (1898). 

MOORE,  John  Weeks,  musical  editor,  was  born 
in  Andover,  N.H..  April  11,  1807;  son  of  Dr. 
Jacob  Bailey  and  Mary  (Eaton)  Moore  ;  grandson 
of  Dr.  Coffin  and  Comfort  (Weeks)  Moore,  and  a 
descendant  of  Dr.  Coffin  Moore,  and  of  Col.  Jona 
than  Moore,  a  British  officer  who  came  to 
America  long  before  the  Revolution,  and  was  a 
resident  of  Stratham,  N.H.  He  was  educated  in 
the  public  school  of  Andover,  the  high  school, 
Concord,  N.H.,  and  at  Plymouth  academy.  He 
was  a  journeyman  printer  in  Dover,  N.H.,  1825- 
26 ;  established  the  Androscoggin  Free  Press, 
Brunswick,  Maine,  in  company  with  Nathaniel 
Wells,  in  1827  ;  the  Semi-Weekly  Advertiser,  with 
his  brother,  Henry  E.  Moore,  at  Concord,  N.H.,  in 
1831  ;  established  the  first  musical  newspaper  in 


New  Hampshire  in  1834  ;  assisted  E.  F.  Lancaster 
in  the  office  of  the  Strafford  Republican,  and 
commenced  the  Gazette  at  Bellows  Falls,  Vt.,  in. 
1838.  He  returned  to  New  Hampshire  in  1863, 
published  and  edited  The  Daily  News  in  1869,  and 
became  editor  of  the  New  Hampshire  Journal 
of  Music  in  1873.  He  edited  :  Vocal  and  Instru 
mental  Instructor  (1843);  Sacred  Minstrel  (1848); 
Complete  Encyclopedia  of  Music,  Elementary 
Historical,  BiograpJiical,  Vocal  and  Instrumental 
(1854);  American  Collection  of  Instrumental 
Music  (1856);  Star  Collection  of  Instrumental 
Music  (1858) ;  Appendix  to  Encyclopaedia  of  Music 
(1875);  Musical  Record  (5  vols.,  1867-70),  and 
Historical,  Biographical  and  Miscellaneous  Gath 
erings  Relative  to  Planters,  Printing.  Publishing  of 
Books,  Newspapers,  Magazines  and  other  Literary 
Productions  from  1420  to  1886  (1886,  vol.  II.,  Ms.). 
He  died  at  Manchester,  N.H.,  March  23,  1889. 

MOORE,  John  White,  naval  officer,  was  born 
n  Pittsburgh,  N.Y.,  May  24,  1832  ;  son  of 
Amasa  Corbin  and  Charlotte  Elizabeth  (Mooers) 
Moore  ;  grandson  of  Pliny  and  Martin  (Corbin) 
Moore,  and  of  Gen.  Benjamin  and  Hannah  (Platt) 
Mooers.  He  en 
tered  the  U.S. 
navy  as  3d  as 
sistant  engin 
eer,  May  21,  18- 
53 ;  was  appoint 
ed  2d  assistant. 
June  27,  1855  •. 
1st  assistant. 
July  21,  1858. 
and  chief  engin 
eer,  Aug.  5, 1861.  W'S'3- 
His  first  sea  service  was  on  board  the  Saranac, 
Mediterranean  squadron,  1853-56,  at  the  time  of 
the  Crimean  war.  He  was  on  board  the  Niagara, 
engaged  in  laying  the  Atlantic  cable,  1857  ;  on  the 
flagship  Richmond,  in  the  Mediterranean,  1860-61  ; 
on  the  West  Gulf  blockading  squadron,  1861-63, 
where  he  originated  the  use  of  iron  chain  cables 
to  protect  the  sides  of  wooden  vessels,  the 
use  of  "  war  paint  "  and  of  fighting  tops  pro 
tected  by  boiler  iron  to  defend  the  crews  against 
sharpshooters  on  the  river  banks.  He  was  gen 
eral  superintendent  of  iron-clads  in  New  York, 
August,  1863  ;  a  member  of  the  board  of  ex- 
aminei's.  Philadelphia,  October,  1863  ;  supervising 
inspector  of  machinery,  Boston,  Mass.,  January, 
1864  ;  fleet  engineer  on  the  staff  of  Admiral  Far- 
ragut  in  Europe  on  board  the  Franklin,  1867  ;  on 
special  duty  at  various  points,  1869-72  ;  chief  en 
gineer  on  the  flagship  Hartford,  Asiatic  station, 
1872-76  ;  attended  the  Franklin  celebration  on 
the  staff  of  Admiral  Porter,  October,  1881;  was 
fleet  engineer  of  the  Pacific  station  on  board  the 
Hartford,  1882-86,  and  supervising  inspector  at 

[537] 


MOORE 


MOORE 


various  yards  and  on  various  stations,  1880-94. 
He  was  retired  May  24,  1894,  with  the  rank  of 
commodore  after  forty-one  years'  service.  He  was 
recalled  to  active  service  in  1898,  during  the  war 
with  Spain,  and  was  on  special  duty  at  the  New 
York  navy  yard  until  the  close  of  the  war.  He 
was  married,  Nov.  19.  1868,  to  Emily,  daughter  of 
Capt.  Horace  B.  Sawyer,  U.S.N..  and  Roxalaua 
(Wads  worth)  Sawyer,  and  had  one  son,  Clarence 
Sawyer  Moore,  and  four  daughters:  Louisa 
Sa«*yer,  who  married,  June  28,  1899,  John  Nichols 
Moore  ;  Minnie  Sawyer,  who  married,  Oct.  14, 1890, 
Commodore  William  E.  Sewell,  U.S.N.  ;  Elsie 
Sawyer,  who  married.  Nov.  11,  1899,  the  Hon. 
Robert  Mazet  of  New  York,  and  Emily  Sawyer, 
who  married,  June  28, 1900,  Lieut.  Claude  Bailey, 
U.S.N.  Commodore  Moore  made  his  home  at 
"  The  Moorings,"  Bolton  Landing,  Lake  George, 
N.Y. 

MOORE,  Joseph,  educator,  was  born  in  Wash 
ington  county,  Ind.,  Feb.  29,  1882;  son  of  John 
Parker  and  Martha  (Cadwalader)  Moore  :  grand 
son  of  Joseph  and  Peninah  (Parker)  Moore  and 
of  Joseph  and  Christina  (Hall)  Cadwalader.  He 
acquired  his  preparatory  education  at  a  Friends 
seminary  and  the  public  school  ;  was  a  teacher  of 
science  in  the  Friends  Indiana  Boarding  School, 
Richmond,  Ind.,  1853-59;  was  graduated  at  Har 
vard,  B.S.,  1861  ;  was  professor  of  geology,  botany 
and  zoology  at  Earlham  college,  Ind.,  1861-65  ; 
organized  and  superintended  26  schools  in  North 
Carolina  for  the  education  of  white  children, 
1865-68,  was  president  of  Earlham  college,  1868- 
88  :  principal  of  Friends  High  school,  Guilford, 
N.C.,  1884-88,  and  in  1888  became  professor  of 
geology  in  Earlham  college  where  he  founded 
and  built  the  Earlham  College  Museum  and  was 
its  curator.  He  received  the  honorary  degree  of 
A.M.  from  Haverford  college,  Pa.,  in  1867,  and 
that  of  LL.D.  from  the  Indiana  university  in  1882. 

MOORE,  Lewis  Baxter,  A  fro- American  edu 
cator,  was  born  near  Huntsville,  Ala.,  Sept.  1. 
1866  ;  son  of  Henry  and  Rebecca  (Beasley)  Moore, 
natives  of  Virginia,  who  removed  to  Alabama 
about  1855.  He  attended  the  public  schools  and 
the  American  Missionary  Association  school  at 
Florence,  Ala.,  and  was  graduated  from  Fisk 
university,  A.B.,  1889,  A.M.,  1893.  He  was 
licensed  to  preach  by  the  Central  South  associa 
tion  of  Congregational  churches  at  Nashville,  in 
1888.  and  supplied  churches  at  Nashville  and 
Goodlettsville,  Tenn.,  Fayettesville,  Ark.,  and 
Florence,  Ala.  He  was  called  to  Philadelphia, 
Pa.,  by  the  Young  Men's  Christian  Association; 
organized  the  south  east  branch  of  the  Y.M.C.A.,. 
and  continued  as  general  secretary,  1889-95.  He 
was  assistant  to  F.  P.  Woodbury,  secretary  of  the 
American  Missionary  association  of  New  York, 
in  1895  ;  was  called  to  Howard  university,  Wash 


ington,  B.C.,  as  instructor  in  the  preparatory 
department  in  September,  1895  ;  was  elected  as 
sistant  professor  in  1896  ;  professor  of  Latin  and 
pedagogy  in  the  college  department  in  1898.  and 
dean  of  the  department  of  pedagogy  in  1899. 
The  degree  of  Ph.D.  was  conferred  on  him  by 
the  University  of  Pennsylvania  in  1896,  after  four 
years  of  resident  study.  lie  was  married,  Dec. 
19,  1895,  to  Sarah  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Bishop 
B.  T.  Tanner  of  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  is  the 
author  of  :  Short  Outline*  of  Linguistic  Method 
(1897)  and  Hu'llabn*  of  Pedagogy  (1898  and  1899). 

MOORE,  Littleton  Wilde,  representative,  was 
born  in  Alabama  in  1885.  He  removed  with  his 
parents  to  Mississippi  and  was  graduated  witli 
honors  from  the  University  of  Mississippi  in  1855  ; 
studied  law,  and  removed  to  Bastrop,  Texas,  in 
1857,  and  practised  his  profession  there.  He 
served  throughout  the  civil  war  in  the  Confed 
erate  army  ;  was  a  member  of  the  state  constitu 
tional  convention  of  1875  :  was  district  judge, 
1876-85,  and  was  a  Democratic  representative  from 
the  eighth  district  of  Texas  in  the  50th,  51st  and 
52;1  congresses,  1887-98. 

MOORE,  Maurice,  jurist,  was  born  in  Bruns 
wick  county,  N.C.,  in  1785  ;  son  of  Maurice 
'Moore  (1670-1740),  one  of  the  first  settlers  of  the 
Cape  Fear  region,  who,  with  his  brother  James, 
(q.v.)  quelled  the  Indian  troubles  in  1718;  and 
grandson  of  James  Moore,  governor  of  South 
Carolina,  1700.  He  was  an  able  lawyer,  and  in 
1758  was  appointed  a  colonial  judge,  with  Richard 
Henderson  and  Martin  Howard,  as  associates.  At 
the  outbreak  of  the  Revolution  he  published  a 
series  of  letters  signed  "  Atticus,''  in  which  he 
denounced  the  action  of  Governor  Trj'on.  He 
was  consequently  recommended  for  removal,  l>ut 
remained  on  the  bench  until  the  courts  were 
closed.  His  popularity  was  so  great  that  during 
the  riots  that  occurred  in  Hillsborough  in  1770 
he  was  unmolested.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
house  of  burgesses,  1775-76,  and  was  a  member 
of  the  committee  organized  to  draw  up  an  ad 
dress  to  the  people  of  Great  Britain  setting  forth 
the  wrongs  to  the  colonies  in  North  America. 
He  died  in  Wilmington,  N.C.,  Jan.  15,  1777. 

MOORE,  Nathaniel  F.,  educator,  was  born  in 
Newtown,  L.I.,  N.Y.,  Dec.  25,  1782;  son  of  Dr. 
William  Moore  (1754-1824),  president  of  the 
New  York  County  Medical  society  and  a  trustee 
of  the  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons.  The 
Rt.  Rev.  Benjamin  Moore  (q.v.)  was  his  uncle. 
He  removed  with  his  parents  to  New  York  city 
in  1783,  and  was  graduated  from  Columbia  col 
lege,  A.B.,  1802,  A.M.,  1805.  He  studied  law  with 
Beverly  Robinson,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  1805.  He  was  adjunct  professor  of  Greek  and 
Latin  languages  at  Columbia  college,  1817-20; 
and  professor,  1820-35.  Columbia  college  pur- 


[5381 


MOORE 


MOORE 


chased  his  library,  and  in  1837  appointed  him 
librarian.  He  was  president  of  the  college,  1843- 
49.  when  he  resigned.  The  honorary  degree  of 
Ph.D.  was  conferred  on  him  bv  Columbia  in  1825. 


(•COLUMBIA)  <OLLE^L  ,  mo. 

He  is  the  author  of:  Ancient  Mineralogy  (1834); 
Remarks  on  the  Pronunciation  of  the  Greek  Lan 
guage  (1819);  Lectures  on  the  Greek  Language  and 
Literature  (1835)  ;  An  Introduction  to  Universal 
Grammar  (1844)  ;  and  Historical  Sketch  of 
Columbia  College  (1849).  He  died  at  his  home, 
"  Woodlawn,"  in  the  Highlands  of  the  Hudson, 
April  27,  1872. 

MOORE,  Richard  Channing,  second  bishop  of 
Virginia  and  14th  in  succession  in  the  American 
episcopate,  was  born  in  New  York  city,  Aug.  21, 
1762;  son  of  Thomas  (1722-1784)  and  Elizabeth 
(Channing)  Moore  ;  grandson  of  Col.  John  Moore, 

Colonial  assembly, 
1739-45,  member  of 
the  King's  Council, 
1745-49,  and  alder 
man  of  New  York  ; 
and  great-grandson 
of  John  Moore,  born 
in  England  about 
1658,  died  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa.,  1732. 
His  father  lived  in 
Peekskill,  N.Y.,  1761- 
66  ;  was  king's  ganger 
in  New  York,  1766- 
70 ;  lived  in  Sing 
Sing,  1770-76,  in 
West  Point,  1776-84, 

and  died  in  Norwich,  Conn.,  June  19,  1784. 
Richard  Channing  was  prepared  for  Co 
lumbia  college,  but  his  father's  business  re 
verses  prevented  his  taking  a  college  course,  and 
he  studied  medicine  and  surgery  and  practised, 
1783-85.  His  first  marriage,  in  1784,  was  to 
Christian  Jones,  by  whom  lie  had  three  children, 
two  daughters  and  one  son.  His  second,  on  March 
23,  1787,  was  to  Sarah  Mersereau,  by  whom  he 
had  two  sons  and  four  daughters.  He  prepared 
for  the  ministry  under  Bishop  Provoost,  arid  on 
July  15,  1787,  he  was  ordered  deacon  at  St. 
George's  chapel  by  Bishop  Provoost,  the  first  or- 

[539] 


dination  that  had  ever  taken  place  in  New  York 
city.  On  Oct.  21,  1787,  lie  was  advanced  to  the 
priesthood,  and  was  rector  of  Christ  church,  Rye, 
N.Y.,  1787-89,  where  he  built  a  new  house  of 
worship.  He  was  rector  of  St.  Andrew's,  Rich 
mond.  Staten  Island,  1787-1809  ;  of  St.  Stephen's, 
New  York  city,  1809-14,  and  in  his  five  years' 
ministry  there  the  communion  increased  from  20 
to  400.  In  1814  he  was  elected  bishop  of  Virginia, 
and  was  consecrated  May  18,  1814,  by  Bishops 
White,  Hobart,  Griswold  and  Dehon.  On  remov 
ing  to  Richmond  lie  became  rector  of  the  Monu 
mental  church,  performing  the  duties  of  rector  as 
well  as  those  of  the  bishop  of  the  diocese.  In  1829 
the  Rev.  William  Meade  became  his  assistant  with 
right  of  succession.  He  received  the  honorary 
degree  of  A.M.  from  Columbia  in  1794,  and  that 
of  U.D.  from  Dartmouth  in  1805.  He  was  the 
author  of  :  The  Doctrine  of  the  Clmrch  (1820). 
He  died  in  Lynchburg,  Va.,  No.  11,  1841. 

MOORE,  Samuel,  representative,  was  born  in 
Deerfield,  N.J.,  Feb.  8,  1774;  son  of  Col.  David 
and  Lydia  (Richman)  Moore.  His  father  was  an 
officer  of  artillery  in  the  Revolution.  Samuel 
was  graduated  from  the  University  of  Pennsyl 
vania,  A.B.,  1792,  A.M.,  1795;  was  tutor  there, 
1792-94 ;  practised  medicine  for  a  short  time  in 
Greenwich,  N.J. ,  and  then  in  Bucks  county, 
Pa.,  finally  abandoning  his  profession  on  account 
of  his  health.  He  then  entered  the  East  India 
trade,  making  several  voyages  to  Canton  and  Cal 
cutta.  He  returned  to  Bucks  county,  in  1808  ; 
was  a  representative  in  the  15th,  16th  and  17th  con 
gresses,  1819-22,  and  in  July,  1824,  was  appointed 
by  President  Monroe  director  of  the  U.S.  mint, 
Philadelphia.  During  his  service  the  mint  was 
moved  from  Seventh  street  to  Chestnut  street, 
the  necessary  appropriations  being  obtained 
chiefly  through  his  exertions.  He  resigned  in 
May,  1835,  and  engaged  in  mining  enterprises, 
being  president  of  the  Hazleton  Coal  company 
for  many  years.  He  was  married  to  Mary  Pad 
gett,  daughter  of  Robert  Patterson.  He  became 
a  member  of  the  American  Philosophical  society, 
1805.  He  died  in  Philadelphia,  Pa..  Feb.  18,  1861. 

MOORE,  Samuel  Preston,  surgeon,  was  born 
in  Charleston,  S.C.,  in  1813  ;  son  of  Stephen  West 
and  Eleanor  Screven  (Gilbert)  Moore  ;  grandson 
of  Samuel  Preston  and  Susanna  (Pearson)  Moore, 
and  a  lineal  descendant  of  Dr.  Mordecai  Moore, 
who  came  to  the  colonies  with  Lord  Baltimore  as 
his  physician.  His  brother,  Col.  West  Moore,  U. 
S.A.,  was  adjutant-general  of  Louisiana,  and  his 
brother,  Dr.  Charles  Lloyd  Moore,  was  a  surgeon, 
U.S.A.  He  was  educated  at  Charleston,  graduat 
ing  in  medicine  in  1834,  and  on  March  14,  1835, 
became  assistant-surgeon  in  the  U.S.  army,  and 
on  April  30,  1849,  surgeon  with  the  rank  of 
major.  He  was  married  in  June,  1845,  to  Mary 


MOORE 


MOORE 


Augusta,  daughter  of  Maj.  Jacob  Brown,  U.S.A., 
who  resided  with  her  daughter,  Lizzie  Story 
(Moore)  Bayne,  in  New  York  city,  in  1903.  He 
was  stationed  at  the  U.S.  Military  academy  as 
surgeon,  1856-61,  resigned  from  the  army,  Feb. 
25,  1861,  and  became  surgeon-general  of  the 
Confederate  States  army  and  navy,  in  June, 
1861,  serving  until  the  close  of  the  war.  He 
practised  in  Richmond,  Va.,  1805-89;  was  pres 
ident  of  the  Association  of  Medical  and  Surgical 
Officers  of  the  Army  and  Navy  of  the  Confederate 
States,  1874-89,  and  a  vice-president  of  the  section 
of  military  and  naval  surgery  in  the  Ninth  Intei'- 
national  congress,  1887.  He  died  at  Richmond, 
Va.,  May  31,  1889. 

MOORE,  Sydenham,  representative,  was  born 
in.  Huntsville,  Ala.,  in  1817  :  son  of  Dr.  Alfred 
and  —  —  (Jones)  Moore,  and  grandson  of  John 
and  Rebecca  (Fletcher)  Moore  of  the  Cape  Fear 
district,  N.C.  He  entered  the  University  of 
Alabama  in  1833,  leaving  in  1836  while  in  the 
senior  year,  and  practised  law  in  Greene  county. 
He  served  as  a  private  in  the  Cherokee  Indian 
war,  1838.  He  was  judge  of  the  Greene  county 
court,  1840-46  and  1848-50.  and  at  the  outbreak 
of  the  Mexican  war  joined  the  U.S.  volunteer 
army  as  captain.  He  served  throughout  the 
war,  first  with  General  Taylor  on  the  Rio  Grande, 
and  afterward  in  General  Scott's  army  at  Tam- 
pico,  Vera  Cruz,  Alvarado  and  Japala.  In  1847 
he  was  elected  brigadier-general  of  state  militia. 
He  was  judge  of  the  circuit  court,  1857,  and  a 
representative  in  the  35th  and  36th  congresses, 
1857-61.  He  was  married  to  Amanda,  sister  of 
Col.  E.  L.  Hobsonofthe  5th  Alabama  volunteers, 
C.S.A.,  and  their  son.  Rittenhou.se  Moore,  was  a 
resident  of  Mobile,  Ala.,  in  1903.  Judge  Moore 
served  in  the  C.S.  army  as  colonel  in  the  llth  Ala 
bama  regiment  in  Wilcox's  brigade,  Longstreet's 
division,  right  wing  of  Johnston's  army.  He 
died  from  wounds  received  at  the  battle  of  Seven 
Pines,  Va.,  May  31,  1863. 

MOORE,  Thomas  Overton,  governor  of  Louis 
iana,  was  born  in  North  Carolina  in  1805.  His 
grandfather,  Gen.  Thomas  Overton,  was  a  major 
during  the  Revolutionary  war.  He  removed  to 
Louisiana  and  settled  in  Rap- 
ides  Parish  as  a  cotton-planter. 
He  was  a  state  senator  in  18- 
56,  and  in  1860  was  elected 
governor  of  Louisiana  on  the 
Democratic  ticket  to  succeed 
Gov.  Robert  C.  Wickliffe. 
During  his  administration 
Louisiana  seceded  from  the  union,  and  Governor 
Moore  organized  the  state  militia,  and  with  these 
troops  seized  the  U.S.  military  posts  and  garri 
sons  in  the  state.  Upon  the  capture  of  New 
Orleans  by  the  Federal  army  in  1863,  he  called 


together  the  state  legislature  at  Opelousas, 
and  subsequently  it  was  reassembled  at  Shreve- 
port.  His  term  of  office  expired  in  1864,  and 
he  WT;IS  succeeded  by  Henry  Watkins  Allen.  He 
died  in  Rapides  Parish,  La.,  in  June,  1876. 

MOORE,  Thomas  Patrick,  representative,  was 
born  in  Charlotte  county,  Va..  in  1797.  He  re 
moved  with  his  parents  to  Harrodsburg,  Ky.,and 
attended  the  Transylvania  university.  He  served 
in  the  war  of  1813  as  secretary  to  Col.  John 
B.  Campbell,  after  whose  death  he  returned 
home,  and  served  for  several  terms  in  the  state 
legislature.  He  was  a  Democratic  representative 
in  the  18th,  19th  and  20th  congresses,  1823-39, 
and  was  U.S.  minister  to  Columbia,  1839-34. 
Upon  his  return  to  Kentucky,  lie  received  a  cer 
tificate  of  election  to  the  24th  congress,  1835-37, 
but  the  seat  was  successfully  contested  by  Robert 
P.  Letcher.  He  served  during  the  Mexican  war 
as  lieutenant-colonel,  3rd  U.S.  dragoons,  and  w;is- 
a  delegate  to  the  state  constitutional  convention. 
1849.  He  died  in  Harrodsburg,  Ky. ,  July  31 ,  1853. 

MOORE,  Thomas  Verner,  clergyman,  was 
born  in  Newville.  Pa.,  Feb.  1,  1818.  He  matri 
culated  at  Hanover  college,  Ind. ,  class  of  1835  ;  was 
graduated  from  Dickinson  college,  Pa.,  in  1838, 
and  from  Princeton  Theological  seminary  in  1843. 
He  was  ordained  by  the  presbytery  of  Carlisle, 
June  31,  1843,  and  was  pastor  at  Carlisle,  Pa., 
1843-45;  at  Greencastle,  Pa.,  1845-47,  and  of  the 
First  church,  Richmond,  Va.,  1847-68.  With 
Dr.  Moses  D.  Hoge  he  edited  the  Central  Presbi/- 
terian,  1856-60,  and  in  1868  removed  to  Nash 
ville,  Tenn.,  where  he  was  pastor  of  the  First 
church,  1869-71.  In  1867  he  was  moderator  of 
the  general  assembly  of  the  Presbyterian  church. 
The  honorary  degree  of  D.D.  was  conferred  on 
him  by  Dickinson  college  in  1853.  He  is  the 
author  of :  Commentaries  on  Haggai,  Zecliariah 
and  Malachi  (1856);  Last  Words  of  Jesus  (1859): 
God's  University  (1864) ;  The  CiiJdee  Church  (1865) , 
and  The  Corporate  Life  of  the  Church  (1867).  He 
died  in  Nashville.  Tenn..  Aug.  5,  1871. 

MOORE,  William,  jurist,  was  born  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa.,  May  6,  1699  ;  son  of  John  Moore, 
a  native  of  England,  who  immigrated  with  his 
brother  James  to  South  Carolina  in  1680,  prac 
tised  law  there  and  removed  to  Philadelphia, 
Pa.,  in  1697.  where  he  was  attorney-general,  dep 
uty  judge,  register-general  and  collector  of  the 
customs  of  the  province.  William  was  graduated 
at  the  University  of  Oxford  in  1719,  and  settled 
at  Moore  Hall,  Chester  county,  Pa.,  which  prop 
erty  his  father  deeded  to  him  in  1739.  He  repre 
sented  Chester  county  in  the  Pennsylvania 
assembly,  1733-40;  was  a  justice  of  the  peace, 
and  presiding  judge  of  the  county  court,  1741-81. 
He  was  colonel  of  a  Chester  county  militia  regi 
ment,  during  the  Indian  troubles,  and  became 


[540] 


MOORE 


MOORE 


one  of  the  most  influential  friends  of  the  proprie 
taries.  In  1757  his  removal  from  office  was  re 
quested  by  the  assembly,  which  body  lie  then 
attacked  in  the  Pennsylvania  Gazette  of  Oct.  19, 
1857,  and  a  warrant  was  issued  for  his  arrest.  He 
was  imprisoned  in  Philadelphia  from  January 
until  August,  1758,  when  he  went  through  a  form 
of  trial  and  was  declared  purged  of  every  charge 
by  the  governor,  and  in  1760  by  jjthe  Crown. 
During  the  Revolutionary  war  he  was  a  staunch 
defender  of  the  Crown,  and  in  June.  1775,  he  was 
visited  by  a  committee  from  Chester  county — 
headed  by  Anthony  Wayne,  his  inveterate  enemy 
- — who  forced  from  him  a  signed  denial  of  his 
principles,  which  evidence  satisfied  the  commit 
tee,  but  its  latent  sarcasm  is  quite  apparent. 
While  the  army  was  at  Valley  Forge,  Col.  Cle 
ment  Biddle  and  other  officers  were  quartered 
at  Moore  Hall,  and  a  committee  of  congress  met 
there  in  1778.  He  died  at  Moore  Hall,  Chester 
county.  Pa.,_May  30.  1783. 

MOORE,  William,  statesman,  was  born  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.,  in  1734  ;  son  of  Robert  Moore, 
who  immigrated  to  America  from  the  Isle  of 
Man.  William  was  a  merchant  in  Philadelphia, 
and  at  the  outbreak  of  the  Revolution  supported 
the  patriot  cause.  On  Dec.  11,  1776,  he  was  ap 
pointed  a  member  of  the  committee  of  safety,  and 
on  March  13,  1777,  the  committee  appointed  him 
on  the  newly  organized  board  of  war.  He  was 
elected  a  delegate  to  the  Continental  congress  in 
1778,  but  declined  to  serve.  He  became  a  mem 
ber  of  the  supreme  executive  council  of  Pennsyl 
vania  in  1779,  was  elected  its  vice-president,  and 
upon  the  resignation  of  its  president,  Joseph 
Reed,  he  succeeded  to  the  office  and  was  pro 
claimed  captain-general  and  Commander-in-chief 
in  and  over  the  Commonwealth  of  Pennsylvania. 
His  term  of  office  expired  in  October,  1782,  and 
he  was  judge  of  the  high  court  of  errors  and  ap 
peals,  1783-84,  and  a  member  of  the  state  assem 
bly  in  1784.  He  was  a  director  of  the  State 
Dank  of  Pennsylvania,  and  in  July,  1784,  was 
elected  chairman  of  a  meeting  to  originate  meas 
ures  for  placing  the  public  debt  upon  a  perma 
nent  foundation.  He  was  a  trustee  of  the  Uni 
versity  of  Pennsylvania,  1784-89.  He  was  mar 
ried  to  Sarah,  daughter  of  Thomas  Lloyd,  and 
his  daughter  Elizabeth  was  married  to  the  Mar 
quis  de  Marbois.  who  acted  for  Napoleon  in  the 
transfer  of  Louisiana  to  the  United  States  in  1803. 
He  died  in  Philadelphia.  Pa.,  July  24,  1793. 

MOORE,  William  Robert,  representative,  was 
born  in  Huntsville,  Ala..  March  28,  1830;  son  of 
Robert  Cleveland  and  Mary  Franklin  (Lingow) 
Moore,  and  a  descendant  of  Charles  Moore,  who 
emigrated  from  England  and  settled  in  Virginia 
in  1650.  His  father  died  in  1830,  and  he  removed 
with  his  mother  to  Beech  Grove,  Tenn.,  where 


she  married  John  Mills  Watkins  in  1836.  He  at 
tended  the  district  schools,  worked  on  his  step 
father's  farm,  and  in  1846  became  a  clerk  in  a  re 
tail  store  at  Beech  Grove.  He  was  employed  in 
a  wholesale  dry-goods  house  in  Nashville,  Tenn., 
1847-53.  and  contributed  the  first  $500  saved  from 
his  salary  to  the  endowment  fund  of  Cumberland 
university,  Lebanon,  Tenn.,  to  be  used  for  the 
free  instruction  of  young  men.  He  engaged  in 
the  wholesale  dry  goods  business  in  New  York 
city,  1856-59,  and  in  Memphis,  Tenn.,  after  1859. 
He  was  married  in  February,  1878,  to  Charlotte 
Haywood,  daughter  of  George  H.  and  Margaret 
(Thompson)  Blood.  He  opposed  secession  and 
was  a  Republican  representative  from  the  tenth 
Tennessee  district  in  the  47th  congress,  1881-83. 
He  was  the  author  of  the  joint  resolution  giving 
congress  the  power  to  enforce  the  obligation  of 
contracts  made  by  any  of  the  states  ;  was  in  favor 
of  the  gold  standard,  and  was  opposed  to  the  re 
pudiation  of  any  part  of  the  state  debt.  He  was 
unanimously  presented  as  candidate  for  Vice- 
President  of  the  United  States  by  the  delegates 
from  Mississippi  and  Tennessee  at  the  Republican 
national  convention  at  Chicago  in  June,  1888, 
but  withdrew  his  name,  and  declined  also  the 
nomination  of  governor  of  Tennessee  in  1890. 

MOORE,  Willis  Luther,  meteorologist,  was 
born  in  Scranton,  Pa.,  Jan.  18,  1856  ;  son  of 
Luther  T.  and  Lucy  E.  (Babcock)  Moore.  His 
parents  removed  to  Bingha niton,  N.Y.,  and  in 
1864  he  joined  his  father,  who  was  a  civilian 
officer  in  the  constructive  corps  of  the  army  sta 
tioned  at  City  Point,  Va.,  and  he  sold  newspapers 
to  the  soldiers  in  the  field.  He  attended  the  pub 
lic  schools  of  Binghamton  ;  became  a  composi 
tor  and  reporter  of  the  Binghamton  Republican, 
and  later  a  reporter  on  the  Burlington,  Iowa, 
Hawkeye.  He  was  married  in  1886  to  Mary 
Lozier.  He  entered  the  U.S.  signal  corps  in  1876, 
and  in  1894,  as  a  result  of  an  open  competitive 
examination,  he  was  appointed  professor  of  me 
teorology  and  was  assigned  to  the  charge  of  the 
U.S.  weather  station  at  Chicago.  In  1895  he  was 
promoted  chief  of  the  U.S.  weather  bureau.  He 
was  elected  a  member  of  the  Washington  Acad 
emy  of  Science,  a  fellow  of  the  American  Asso 
ciation  for  the  Advancement  of  Science,  and  a 
member  of  the  board  of  managers  of  the  National 
Geographic  society.  He  is  the  author  of 
Moore's  Meteorological  Almanac  and  Weather 
Guide  (1901),  and  of  many  contributions  on  me 
teorological  topics  to  scientific  publications. 

MOORE,  Zephaniah  Swift,  educator,  was  born 
at  Palmer,  Mass.,  Nov.  20,  1770;  son  of  Judah 
and  Mary  Moore.  His  father  removed  to  Wil 
mington,  Vt.,  in  1778,  and  he  worked  on  the  farm 
until  1788.  He  attended  a  preparatory  school  at 
Bennington,  Vt.,  1788-89,  and  was  graduated  from 
M] 


MOO  KITE  AD 


MORA  IS 


Dartmouth  college,  A.B.,  1793,  A.M.,  170(5.  He 
was  in  charge  of  an  academy  at  Londonderry, 
N.H.,  1793-94,  removed  to  Homers,  Conn.,  and 
studied  theology  under  the  Rev.  Dr.  Backus.  He 
was  licensed  to  preach  by  the  association  of 
1  county,  on  Feb.  3.  179!!.  He  was  pastor 


AA\HER5T  COLLEGE 

at  Leicester,  Mass.,  1796-1807.  Shortly  after  his 
removal  to  Leicester,  he  was  married  to  a  daugh 
ter  of  Thomas  Drury  of  Ward,  Mass.  He  was  a 
trustee  and  principal  of  Leicester  academy,  1807- 
1 1  ;  professor  of  Latin  and  Greek  at  Dartmouth 
college,  1811-15  ;  president  and  professor  of  the 
ology  at  Williams  college,  1815-21,  and  on  May  8, 
1821,  he  was  made  a  trustee  and  elected  the  first 
president  of  Amherst  college,  then  in  process 
of  organization,  and  on  Sept.  18,  1821,  he  was 
made  pastor  of  the  parish  church.  The  college 
was  opened  on  Sept.  19,  1821,  and  Dr.  Moore  be 
gan  the  matriculation  of  students.  In  addition 
to  his  duties  as  president,  he  was  professor  of 
divinity,  taught  Oriental  languages,  and  was  the 
sole  teacher  of  the  senior  class.  The  honorary 
degree  of  D.D.  was  conferred  on  him  by  Dart 
mouth  college  in  1816.  He  bequeathed  several 
scholarships  to  Amherst,  three  of  which  were 
worth  about  $140  a  year.  He  died  at  Amherst, 
Mass.,  June  29,  1823. 

MOORHEAD,  James  Kennedy,  representative, 
was  born  in  Halifax,  Dauphin,  county,  Pa.,  Sept. 
7,  1800  ;  son  of  William  and  Elizabeth  (Kennedy) 
Young  Moorhead.  William  Moorhead,  a  native 
of  Ireland,  immigrated  to  the  United  States  in 
1798,  and  settled  in  Lancaster  county,  Pa.,  and 
afterward  in  Dauphin  county,  and  was  appointed 
by  President  Madison  collector  of  internal  reve 
nue  for  the  tentli  district  of  Pennsylvania,  in 
1814.  Jam^s  attended  the  district  school,  and  in 
1817,  on  the  death  of  his  father,  became  manager 
of  the  farm,  and  of  Moorhead's  ferry,  established 
by  his  father.  He  was  apprenticed  to  William 
Linville  of  Lancaster  county  in  1822,  to  learn  the 
tanning  business;  served  as  a  journeyman  tan 
ner,  and  in  1837  engaged  as  a  contractor  on  the 
Pennsylvania  canal.  He  was  superintendent  of 
tlie  Jutiiata  division,  1828-38  ;  was  the  first  to 
place  a  passenger  packet  on  this  line,  and  in  1836 


removed  to  Pittsburg  to  take  charge  of  the 
pioneer  packet  line.  He  served  as  adjutant-gen- 
neral  of  the  state  of  Pennsylvania  in  1839.  He 
was  married  in  1830,  to  Jane  Logan  of  Lancaster 
county,  Pa.  He  was  prominently  connected  with 
various  manufacturing  and  transportation  enter 
prises,  and  with  the  early  development  of  tele 
graph  and  railroad  lines  in  Western  Pennsylva 
nia.  In  1850  he  joined  the  Republican  party, 
having  theretofore  been  a  Democrat,  and  he  was 
a  representative  in  the  30th,  37th,  38th,  39th  and 
40th  congresses,  1859-09,  and  was  chairman  of 
the  committee  on  manufactures.  He  was  a  dele 
gate  to  the  Republican  national  convention  at 
Chicago  in  1868,  and  to  the  Pan-Presbyterian 
council  at  Belfast,  Ireland,  in  1884.  He  took  an 
interest  in  the  charitable  and  educational  affairs 
in  Pittsburg,  and  was  president  of  the  Chamber 
of  Commerce  of  Pittsburg  for  several  years.  He 
died  in  Pittsburg,  Pa.,  March  6.  1884. 

MORA,  Francis,  R.  C.  bishop,  was  born  at 
Vich,  Barcelona,  Spain,  Nov.  27,  1827.  He  was 
educated  for  the  priesthood  at  Vich,  and  accom 
panied  Bishop  Thadeus  Amat  to  the  United 
States  as  a  missionary  in  1854,  just  after  the 
latter  had  been  consecrated  bishop  of  Monterey 
and  Los  Angeles.  He  was  ordained  priest  March 
19,  1856,  at  Santa  Barbara,  Cal.,  by  Bishop  Amat  ; 
served  as  missionary  and  as  rector  in  the  diocese, 
1856-63  ;  was  appointed  rector  of  the  pro-Cathe 
dral  of  Our  Lady  of  Angels,  Los  Angeles,  Feb.  1, 
1863,  and  vicar-general  of  the  diocese  in  1805. 
He  was  appointed  bishop  of  "  Mosynopolis  "  in 
partibus  and  coadjutor  to  the  bishop  of  Monterey 
and  Los  Angeles,  and  was  consecrated  in  the  pro- 
Cathedral  (of  Our  Lady  of  Angels.  Aug.  3,  1873, 
by  Bishop  Amat,  assisted  by  Bishop  Alemany,  of 
San  Francisco,  and  Vicar  Apostolic  O'Connell,  of 
Grass  Valley.  He  succeeded  to  the  diocese  of 
Monterey  and  Los  Angeles  on  the  death  of  Bishop 
Amat,  May  12,  1878.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
third  plenary  council  of  Baltimore  in  November, 
1884.  He  resigned  his  bishopric  Feb.  1,  1896, 
his  resignation  was  accepted  at  Rome  in  May, 
and  he  was  appointed  titular  bishop  of  Hieropolis, 
May  6,  1836.  He  sailed  for  Europe  in  Septem 
ber,  1895,  and  spent  the  remainder  of  his  life  in 
Barcelona,  Spain,  where  lie  was  still  living  in 
1902. 

MORAIS,  Sabato,  clergyman,  was  born  in 
Leghorn.  Tuscany,  Italy,  April  13,  1823,  of 
humble  parents.  He  engaged  in  teaching,  pur 
suing  his  own  studies  at  night.  He  studied 
Hebrew  under  Abraham  Baruch  Piperno,  chief 
rabbi  of  Leghorn  ;  was  master  of  Hebrew  at  the 
Orphans'  school  of  the  Portuguese  Congregation 
in  London,  1846-50,  and  in  1851  came  to  the  United 
States  as  minister  of  the  Congregation  Mickve 
Israel,  at  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  the  oldest  Jewish 


[542] 


MORAN 


MORAN 


congregation  in  the  state,  of  which  he  served  as 
rabbi  until  his  death.  He  worked  for  the  welfare 
of  the  Jews  and  Judaism,  and  was  recognized  as 
the  foremost  champion  of  American  Hebrew 
orthodoxy.  He  was  an  honorary  member  of  the 
Union  League  of  Philadelphia  ;  professor  of  the 
Bible  and  of  Biblical  literature  in  Maimonides 
college  in  Philadelphia  for  the  training  of  Hebrew 
ministers,  1867-72;  was  the  principal  founder  of 
the  Jewish  Theological  seminary.  New  York  city, 
in  1887,  and  president  of  its  faculty,  1887-97.  He 
joined  the  Free  Masons  in  order  to  advocate  the 
freedom  and  unification  of  Italy,  and  was  an  in 
timate  friend  of  Joseph  Mazzini.  He  received 
the  degree  LL.D.  from  the  University  of  Penn 
sylvania  in  1887.  He  was  married  to  Clara 
Esther,  daughter  of  Hirsch  Isaac  and  Matilda 
(Marks)  Weil,  of  Philadelphia.  Pa.  The  Morais 
library  was  founded  in  the  Jewish  Theological 
seminary,  New  York  city,  in  April.  1893.  in  honor 
of  his  seventieth  birthday.  His  contributions  to 
the  American  Jewish  press  include  :  Specimen*  of 
Italian  Hebrew  Literature. ;  The  Ritual  Question, 
and  The  FalitsJias.  He  translated  the  works  of 
Maimonides  and  Samuel  David  Luzzatto  ;  con 
tributed  articles  on  Hebrew  scholars  of  different 
ages,  and  lectures  on  Post-Biblical  History  and 
on  the  Bible,  Talmud  and  Jewish  Religion.  He 
died  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Nov.  11,1897. 

MORAN,  Benjamin,  diplomatist,  was  born  in 
Lancaster  county,  Pa.,  in  1820.  His  father  was 
manager  of  a  cotton  factory  in  Trenton.  N.J.  He 
attended  the  public  schools,  and  was  employed  as 
a  printer  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  for  several  years. 
He  visited  Europe  in  1830,  made  a  tour  of  Eng 
land  on  foot,  and  was  private  secretary  to  L".S. 
Minister  James  Buchanan,  1854-55.  He  was  ap 
pointed  secretary  of  legation  at  London  in  1855, 
by  President  Pierce:  held  the  office  through  the 
administrations  of  Buchanan,  Lincoln,  Johnson, 
and  Grant,  and  during  his  term  of  office  served 
frequently  as  charge  d'affaires.  He  was  trans 
ferred  to  Portugal  as  U.S.  minister  by  President 
Grant,  serving  1874-82.  and  resided  in  London, 
England,  from  1882  until  his  death.  He  con 
tributed  to  periodicals,  and  is  the  author  of  The 
Foot  pull  i  and  Highiray,  or  Wanderings  of  an 
A liter/can,  in  Great  Britain  in  JX.r> !-,'>,?  (1853).  He 
died  in  London.  England.  June  20,  1886. 

MORAN,  Edward,  painter,  was  born  in  Bol- 
ton,  Lancashire,  England.  Aug.  16.  1829.  His 
parents  emigrated  to  the  United  States  in  1844. 
and  settled  in  Maryland,  where  he  worked  with 
his  father  and  brothers,  Thomas  and  Peter,  as  a 
weaver,  and  became  foreman.  He  was  a  cabinet 
maker,  bronzer,  and  house  painter  in  Phila 
delphia,  adopted  art  as  a  profession  through  the 
advice  of  James  Hamilton,  under  whom  he 
studied  marine  painting,  and  landscape  painting 


under  Paul  Weber.  He  opened  a  studio  in 
Philadelphia,  went  to  England  in  1862  to  study  in 
the  National  gallery,  London,  and  in  1869  estab 
lished  a  studio  in  New  York  city,  where  he 
remained  until  his  death,  save  occasional  visits 
to  Paris  and  London.  He  was  elected  a  member 
of  the  .Pennsylvania  Academy  of  Fine  Arts  in 
1869.  He  married  Elizabeth  McManes  in  1850, 
and  their  sons,  Percy  and  Leon,  became  well- 
known  artists.  He  was  married  secondly  in  1871 
to  Annette  Corvaia.  He  was  a  versatile  painter, 
but  was  best  known  as  a  marine  artist.  Among 
his  paintings  are  :  The  Bat/  of  Xew  York  ;  TJie 
Lord  Staying  the  Waters;  Launch  of  the  Life 
boat  ;  The  Last  of  the  Wreck ;  Old  Fort  Dumpling, 
Xeicport ;  The  Statue  of  Liberty  on  the  Day 
of  Unveiling  (1876)  ;  The  White  Cliffs  of  Albion 
(1877);  Return  of  the  Fishes;  In  the  Narrows. 
His  most  important  series,  begun  in  1881  and 
finished  after  the  close  of  the  war  with  Spain, 
consists  of  thirteen  paintings,  representing  thir 
teen  epochs  in  the  marine  history  of  the  United 
States.  The  masterpiece  of  the  series  is  said  to 
be  the  first,  The  Ocean,  the  Highway  of  Rations. 
He  died  in  New  York  city,  June  9.  1901. 

MORAN,  (Edward)  Percy,  artist,  was  horn  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.,  July  29,  1862  ;  son  of  Edward 
and  Elizabeth  (McManes)  Moran.  He  early 
showed  a  talent  for  figure  painting  and  studied 
art  under  his  father,  also  under  his  uncle.  S.  J. 
Ferris,  in  Philadelphia,  and  at  the  National  Acad 
emy  of  Design  in  New  York  city.  He  attended 
school  in  Paris,  1874-78,  studying  art  at  the  same 
time  ;  was  in  London,  1881,  studying  the  English 
masters  of  the  eighteenth  century,  especially  Rey 
nolds  and  Gainsborough,  and  again  in  Paris, 
studying  the  works  of  modern  French  masters. 
Returning  to  the  United  States  he  opened  a 
studio  in  New  York  city,  making  a  specialty  of 
female  heads  and  figures.  He  exhibited  at  the 
National  Academy  of  Design  and  received  the 
first  prize  there  in  1886  for  Divided  Attention. 
He  was  married,  Dec.  16,  1891,  to  Virginia  Bre- 
mond,  daughter  of  Judge  F.  J.  Crosby  of  El  Paso. 
Texas.  His  paintings  include  :  A  Corner  of  the 
Studio  (1882)  :  The  Wood-Cutter's  Daughter 
(1882)  ;  The  Duet  (1884)  ;  Afternoon  Tea  (1885)  ; 
The  Millers  Daughter  (1886)  ;  The  Dancing  Les 
son  (1887);  The  Rehearsal  for  the  Ball  (1887);  A 
Japanese  Fantasy  (1888).  He  made  a  study  of 
the  costumes,  manners  and  customs  of  the  Colo 
nial  times,  and  his  best  known  pictures,  which 
are  quiet  in  character,  usually  represent  love 
scenes  or  home  life  in  that  period.  His  A  For 
gotten  Strain  received  the  first,  gold  medal  at  the 
American  Art  association,  N.Y..  in  1888,  for  the 
best  figure  picture  painted  in  the  United  States 
by  an  artist  under  thirty-five  years  old.  and  was 
added  to  the  Walters  collection,  Baltimore.  His 
[543] 


MORAN 


MORAN 


more  important  later  works  include  :  Her  Grace 
(1897);  Schooldays  Over  (1897);  Between  Two 
Fires  (1898);  The  Lion  of  the  Hour  (1898);  The 
Right  of  Way  (1899)  ;  The  Wish  (1899)  ;  Wel 
come  (1900);  .4/1.  April  Shower  (1901).  Hebe- 
came  equally  \vell  known  as  a  painter  in  water- 
color  and  in  oils  and  lie  was  elected  a  member  of 
tbe  American  Water-Color  society. 

MORAN,  'vjohn)  Leon,  artist,  was  born  in  Phila 
delphia.  1'a.,  Oct.  4,  1864;  son  of  Edward  and 
Elizabeth  (McManes)  Moran.  His  father  came 
from  Lancashire,  England,  in  1844,  lived  in  Mary 
land  and  in  Philadelphia.  Pa.,  and  settled  in  New 
York  in  1876.  Leon  Moran  attended  the  public 
schools  of  Philadelphia,  studied  art  under  his 
father  and  in  the  National  Academy  of  Design, 
accompanying  his  father  to  Europe  in  1877,  and 
continued  his  studies  in  London  and  Paris.  He 
studied  art  and  the  French  language  at  the  College 
Nogent  sur  Marne,  France, ami  the  masterpieces  in 
the  galleries  of  London.  He  returned  to  the 
United  States  in  1879,  established  a  studio  in 
New  York  city  in  1883,  and  exhibited  frequently 
at  the  National  Academy  of  Design  and  else 
where.  He  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Ameri 
can  Water-Color  society  in  1886,  and  received  a 
gold  medal  from  the  Philadelphia  Art  club.  He 
was  married,  April  27,  1892,  to  Helen,  daughter 
of  the  Rev.  J.  Nevett  Steele,  vicar  of  Trinity 
church,  N.  Y.  His  paintings  include  :  Wayland 
(18S5) ;  An  Interrupted  Conspiracy  (1886)  ;  An 
Amateur  (1887);  The  Duel  (1887);  An  Idyl  (1888); 
Eel  Fishing  (1888)  ;  Intercepted  Dispatches  (1889) ; 
Madonna  and  Child  (1901)  ;  Between  Two  Fires 
(1902)  ;  Madonna  (1902) . 

MORAN,  Mary  Nimrno,  painter-etcher,  was 
born  in  Strathaven,  Scotland,  May  16,  1842; 
daughter  of  Archibald  and  Mary  (Scott)  Nimmo. 
In  1842,  she  came  to  the  United  States  with  her 
parents,  who  settled  in  Philadelphia.  She  attended 
the  public  schools  and  studied  painting  under 
Thomas  Moran  (q.v.),  to  whom  she  was  married 
in  April,  1862.  She  accompanied  her  husband  on 
his  visits  to  Europe  and  devoted  herself  to  paint 
ing  in  water-color  and  oils  until  1879,  when  she 
temporarily  abandoned  color  for  the  etcher's  tools. 
She  became  a  fellow  of  the  British  Society  of 
Painter-Etchers  and  a  member  of  the  New  York 
Etching  club  in  1882.  Her  etchings  include  : 
A  Goose  Pond,  Twilight,  The  Coast  of  Florida, 
Summer  at  Easthampton,  Under  the  Oaks,  A 
Windmill  and  Pond.  She  died  in  Easthampton, 
Long  Island,  N.Y.,  Sept.  25,  1899. 

MORAN,  Peter,  artist,  was  born  in  Bolton, 
Lancashire,  England,  March  4,  1842.  He  came 
to  the  United  States  with  his  parents  in  1844,  and 
settled  in  Philadelphia,  afterward  removing  to 
Maryland,  where  the  family  continued  their  busi 
ness  as  hand-loom  weavers.  He  was  graduated  at 


[544] 


the  Harrison  grammar  school,  Philadelphia,  in 
1857  ;  studied  art  under  his  brothers.  Thomas  and 
Edward,  and  completed  his  art  studies  in  England 
under  Sir  Edwin  Landseer  in  1863.  He  opened  a 
studio  in  Philadelphia  in  1864,  became  a  member 
of  the  Artists  Fund  society  of  Philadelphia  in 
1867  ;  the  Pennsylvania  Academy  of  the  Fine  Arts 
in  1868  ;  the  Art  Club  of  Philadelphia  in  1883  ;  pre 
sident  of  the  Society  of  Etchers  from  its  organiza 
tion  in  1883,  and  attained  prominence  as  an  etcher. 
He  was  married,  July  7,  1867,  to  Emily  Kelly 
of  Dublin,  Ireland,  also  a  painter  and  etcher,  lie 
devoted  himself  to  painting  landscapes  and  ani 
mals,  and  illustrated  several  stories.  Among  his 
paintings  are  :  T/ie  Challenge  (1879)  ;  On,  the 
Road  to  Santa  Fe  (1882)  ;  Wolves  on  the  Buffalo 
Trail  (1884) ;  Pueblo  ofZia,  New  Mexico  (1884)  ; 
and  Santa  Barbara  Mission  (1886). 

MORAN,  Thomas,  artist,  was  born  at  Bolton, 
Lancashire,  England,  Jan.  12,  1837.  With  his 
parents  and  brothers  Edward  and  Peter,  lie  came 
to  the  United  Stiites  in  1844,  and  served  an 
apprenticeship  in  wood  engraving  in  Philadelphia, 
1853-55,  where  he 
made  the  acquaint 
ance  of  James  Hamil 
ton,  the  marine  paint 
er,  under  whom  he 
studied.  He  painted 
in  water  colors  until 

1860.  and  after    that 
chiefly    in    oils  :   and 
visited      England    in 

1861,  to    study    the 
landscapes    of   J.    M. 
W.     Turner     in     the 
national  gallery,  Lon 
don.      He  studied  the 
old  masters  in  France, 
Italy,     Germany  and 

England.  1867-71,  and  became  well  known  as 
a  landscape  painter  and  illustrator.  He  accom 
panied  the  U.S.  exploring  expedition  under 
Professor  Hayden  to  the  Yellowstone  country  in 
1871,  and  painted  a  large  picture  entitled  ''The 
Grand  Canon  of  the  Yellowstone."  He  made  a 
second  trip  with  Major  Powell's  expedition  to  the 
great  canons  of  the  Colorado  river  in  1873,  and 
painted  ';  The  Chasm  of  the  Colorado."  These 
pictures  were  purchased  by  congress  for  $10,000 
each  and  hung  in  the  National  capitol.  He  paint 
ed  a  series  of  water-color  sketches  of  the  Yellow 
stone  country  and  the  Rock}'  Mountain  scenery 
for  Louis  Prang  &  Company.  He  visited  the 
Yosemite  valley  in  1872,  and  while  in  the  Rocky 
mountains  in  1874  made  the  studies  for  a  large 
and  important  picture  entitled  "  The  Mountain 
of  the  Holy  Cross"  (1874).  for  which  he  received 
a  medal  and  diploma  at  the  Centennial  exposi- 


MORE 


MOREHEAD 


tion  in  Philadelphia  in  1876.  He  removed  to 
Newark,  N.  J.,  in  1872,  and  to  New  York  city  in 
1880,  having  gained  prominence  as  an  illustrator  ; 
and  was  employed  in  this  capacity  on  Scribner'n 
Magazine.  He  also  illustrated  several  hooks, 
including  Longfellow's  "Hiawatha"  and  Whit- 
tier's  "Mabel  Martin."  He  also  devoted  some 
attention  to  etching  on  copper  and  became  a 
fellow  of  the  British  Society  of  Painter-Etchers. 
He  visited  Mexico  in  1883,  Venice  in  1886  and 
other  years,  and  in  1884  built  a  summer  studio 
at  Easthampton,  L.  I.  He  was  elected  a  National 
Academician  in  1884  ;  president  of  the  New 
York  Art  Guild,  in  1886  ;  and  a  member  of  the 
New  York  Water-Color  society  ;  the  New  York 
Etching  club,  and  the  Pennsylvania  Academy  of 
the  Fine  Arts.  He  was  married  in  April,  1862,  to 
Mary,  daughter  of  Archibald  Nimmo  of  Strath- 
.aven,  Scotland.  Among  his  important  works  not 
already  mentioned  are  :  The  Pass  of  Glencoe  ;  A 
Dream  of  the  Orient ;  Ponce  de  Leon  in  Florida  ; 
The  Pictured  Rocks  of  Lake  Superior ;  The  Last 
Arrow;  The  Azure  CUff ;  Green  River,  Wyoming  ; 
The  Ripening  of  the  Leaf;  Dreamland;  Tlte 
Open  Sea  ;  A  Storm  on  the  Coast  of  Easthampton  ; 
The  Groves  Were  God's  First  Temples  ;  The 
Flight  into  Egypt  ;  Tlte  Co nemaugh  in  Autumn; 
The  Remorse  of  Cain  ;  The  Children  of  the  Moun 
tain  ;  The  Track  of  the  Storm,  and  a  large  pic 
ture  of  the  Slioshone  Falls  of  Snake  River, 
Idaho. 

MORE,  Paul  Elmer,  author,  was  born  in  St. 
Louis,  Mo.,  Dec.  12,  1864;  son  of  Enoch  Anson 
and  Catharine  (Elmer)  More,  grandson  of  Enoch 
Hudson  and  Mary  (Trenchard)  More,  and  of 
L.  Q.  C.  and  Katharine  (Hay)  Elmer.  He  was 
graduated  from  Washington  university,  St.  Louis, 
Mo.,  in  1887,  studied  at  Harvard  university,  and 
was  assistant  in  Sanskrit  at  Harvard  university, 
1894-95,  and  associate  in  Sanskrit  and  classical 
literature  in  Bryn  Mawr  college,  1896-97.  In 
1902  he  was  literary  editor  of  The  Independent. 
He  was  elected  a  member  of  the  American 
•Oriental  society  and  of  the  American  Philological 
society.  The  degree  of  A.M.  was  conferred  on 
him  by  Washington  university  in  1891,  and  by 
Harvard  university  in  1893.  He  is  the  author 
of:  Helena  and  Occasional  Poems,  (1890)  ;  The 
Great  Refusal  (1894)  ;  A  Century  of  Indian 
Epigrams  (1898)  ;  TJie  Judgment  of  Socrates 
(1898)  ;  Translation  of  Prometheus  Bound  of 
jEwhylus  (1899)  ;  Life  of  Benjamin  Franklin 
(1900);  and  many  articles  on  literature  in  the 
leading  periodicals. 

MOREHEAD,  Charles  Slaughter,  governor  of 
Kentucky,  was  born  in  Nelson  county,  Ky.,  July 
7,  1802  ;  son  of  Charles  and  Margaret  (Slaughter) 
Moreliead.  He  was  educated  at  Transylvania 
•college  and  practised  law  in  Frankfort,  Ky.  He 


represented  his  district  in  the  Kentucky  legis 
lature,  1828-29,  1838-42,  1844  and  1853,  and  was 
speaker,  1840,  1841  and  1844.  He  was  attorney- 
general  of  the  state,  1832-37  ;  a  Whig  represen 
tative  in  the  30th  and  31st  congresses,  1847-51, 
and  was  governor  of  Kentucky,  1855-59,  suc 
ceeding  Lazarus  W.  Powell.  He  removed  to 
Louisville,  Ky.,  in  1859,  practised  law,  and  was 
a  delegate  to  the  Peace  convention  held  in 
Washington,  D.C.,  in  1861.  He  was  arrested, 
Sept.  18,  1861,  charged  with  favoring  the  seces 
sion  of  Kentucky,  and  was  imprisoned  in  Fort 
Lafayette.  On  his  release  he  went  to  England, 
where  he  resided  until  the  close  of  the  war.  He 
then  settled  on  a  plantation  near  Greenville. 
Miss.  He  prepared,  with  Judge  Mason  Brown,  a 
Digest  of  the  Statute  Laws  of  Kentucky  to  1834 
(4  vols.,  1834).  He  died  near  Greenville,  Miss., 
Dec.  23.  1868. 

MOREHEAD,  James  Turner,  senator,  was 
born  near  Shepherdsville,  Bullitt  county,  Ky., 
May  24,  1797  ;  son  of  Armstead  Morehead.  He 
removed  to  Russellville,  Logan  county,  with  his 
parents  about  1800.  He  attended  Transylvania 
university,  1813-15  ;  studied  law  in  Russellville. 
under  Judge  H.  P.  Brodnax  and  the  Hon.  J.  J. 
Crittenden,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1818. 
He  settled  in  practice  in  Bowling  Green,  re 
presented  Warren  county  in  the  state  legislature, 
1828-30,  and  was  elected  lieutenant-governor  of 
Kentucky  in  1832,  on  the  ticket  with  John 
Breathitt  for  governor.  On  the  death  of  Governor 
Breathitt  in  February,  1834,  he  succeeded  as 
governor  and  served  until  1836,  when  he  was  suc 
ceeded  by  Gov.  James  Clark.  He  represented" 
Franklin  county  in  the  state  legislature  in  1837  ; 
was  agent  of  tlie  state  for  the  sale  of  the  bonds 
for  internal  improvements,  and  was  president 
of  the  board  of  internal  improvements,  1838-41. 
He  served  as  commissioner  with  Col.  J.  Speed 
Smith  of  Madison,  Ky.,  in  1839,  to  obtain  from 
the  legislature  of  Ohio  the  passage  of  a  law  for 
the  protection  of  the  property  of  the  citizens  of 
Kentucky  in  their  slaves,  and  was  successful. 
He  was  elected  to  the  U.  S.  senate  in  place  of 
J.  J.  Crittenden,  who  declined,  and  served,  1841- 
47.  He  practised  law  in  Covington,  Ky.,  1847-54. 
He  is  the  author  of  Addresses,  Commemorative 
of  the  First  Settlers  of  Kentucky  at  Boones- 
borough  (1840),  and  Practice  and  Proceedings 
at  Law  in  Kentucky  (1846).  He  died  in  Coving- 
ton,  Ky.,  Dec.  28.  1854. 

MOREHEAD,  John  Motley,  governor  of  North 
Carolina,  was  born  in  Pennsylvania  county,  Va., 
July  4,  1796  ;  son  of  John  and  Obedience  (Motley) 
Morehead.  He  attended  the  school  of  Dr.  David 
Caldwell,  was  graduated  at  the  University  of 
North  Carolina,  1817  ;  was  a  tutor  there.  1817-18  ; 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1819,  and  settled  in 


[545] 


MOREHOUSE 


MORELAND 


practice  at  Greensboro,  N.C.  He  represented 
Rockiiig'.iam  county  in  the  state  legislature  in 
1821,  and  Guilford  county,  1826-27,  as  a  Whig. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  state  constitution  con 
vention  in  1835,  and  governor  of  North  Carolina 

for  two  terms,  1841- 
45.  As  governor  lie 
furthered  the  inter 
ests  of  education  ; 
was  active  in  promot 
ing  public  institu 
tions  and  encouraged 
state  improvements. 
He  was  president  of 
the  Whig  national 
convention  at  Phila 
delphia,  June  7,  1848. 
He  established  and 
controlled  large  cot 
ton  factories  in  North 
Carolina,  and  was 
elected  the  first  presi 
dent  of  the  North  Carolina  railroad,  which  he 
built,  and  when  finished  in  1835,  resigned  and 
turned  it  over  to  the  stockholders  in  1855  without 
one  dollar  of  debt  upon  the  company.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  state  senate,  1860;  a  delegate  to 
the  Peace  congress  at  Washington,  D.C.,  1861,  and 
a  representative  in  the  2d  Confederate  congress, 
1862-65.  He  founded  and  owned  Edge  worth 
seminary  for  young  ladies,  which  became  noted. 
He  received  the  degree  A.M.  from  the  University 
of  North  Carolina  in  1827.  He  died  at  Rockbridge 
Alum  Springs,  Va.,  Aug.  28.  1866. 
'  MOREHOUSE,  Albert  Pricket,  governor  of 
Missouri,  was  born  near  Ashley,  Delaware  county, 
Ohio,  July  11,  1835;  son  of  Stephen  and  Harriet 
(Wood)  Morehouse,  and  grandson  of  Russell 
Wood,  an  early  settler  of  Delaware  county,  Ohio. 
Stephen  Morehouse,  born  in  Essex  county.  N.J., 
settled  in  Delaware  county,  Ohio,  in  1820,  and  in 
1856  removed  to  Nodaway  county,  Mo.,  where  he 
served  as  probate  judge  for  a  number  of  years. 
Albert  P.  Morehouse  was  educated  in  the  public 
schools  and  worked  on  his  father's  farm  until 
1853.  when  he  began  to  teach  school.  He  removed 
to  Missouri  with  his  parents  in  1856.  taught  school 
there  and  in  Iowa,  and  studied  law.  He  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in  1860.  and  practised  fora  time 
in  Montgomery  county,  Iowa,  lie  was  commis 
sioned  1st  lieutenant  in  the  Missouri  militia,  in 
1801.  In  1862  he  engaged  in  practice  at  Maryville, 
Mo.  He  was  married  in  1865  toMattie  McFadden 
of  Lexington,  Mo.  He  retired  from  active  prac 
tice  in  1871,  and  engaged  in  the  real  estate  busi 
ness.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  Democratic 
national  conventions  of  1872  and  1876,  and  a  re 
presentative  in  the  Missouri  legislature,  1877-78 
and  1883-84.  He  was  elected  lieutenant-go vernor 


of  Missouri  in  November,  1884,  on  the  Democratic 
ticket,  John  S.  Marmaduke  being  elected  gov 
ernor,  and  on  the  death  of  Governor  Marma 
duke,  in  1887.  he  became  governor,  holding  the 
office  until  Jan.  1,  1889.  He  died  in  Maryville, 
Mo..  Sept.  23,  1891. 

MOREMOUSE,  Henry  Lyman,  minister,  was 
born  in  Stanford.  N.Y.,  Oct.  2,  1834  :  son  of  Seth 
Seeley  and  Emma  (Bentley)  Morehouse,  grandson 
of  Lyman  and  Hannah  (Seeley)  Morehouse  of 
Fairfield,  Conn.,  and  a  descendant  of  Thomas 
Morehouse,  who  came  from  England  to  Wethers- 
field,  Conn.,  about  1639  arid  died  at  Fairfield, 
Conn.  He  was  graduated  from  the  University  of 
Rochester  in  1858,  and  from  the  Rochester  Theo 
logical  seminary  in  1864.  He  was  pastor  at  Sagi- 
naw,  Mich.,  and  Rochester,  N.Y..  1864-79,  corre 
sponding  secretary  of  the  New  York  Baptist  Union 
for  Ministerial  Education,  1877-79,  and  was  cor 
responding  secretary  of  the  American  Baptist 
Home  Mission  society,  1879-93.  He  was  promi 
nent  in  organizing  the  American  Baptist  Educa 
tion  society  and  was  appointed  field  secretary  of 
the  American  Baptist  Home  Mission  society,  and 
corresponding  secretary  of  the  American  Baptist 
Education  society  in  1893.  He  is  the  author  of  : 
Baptist  Home  Missions  in  America  (1883);  His- 
tory  of  the  First  Baptist  Church,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 
(1899),  and  several  pamphlets  and  poems. 

MORELAND,  William  Hall,  first  bishop  of 
Sacramento  and  188th  in  succession  in  the  Amer 
ican  episcopate,  was  born  in  Charleston.  S.C., 
April  9,  1861  ;  son  of  Edward  McCreight  and 
Caroline  (Hall)  Moreland  ;  grandson  of  Andrew 
Moreland  and  of  Will 
iam  Hall,  and  a  de 
scendant  of  Thomas 
Smith,  first  landgrave 
of  the  colony  of  South 
Carolina,  1665.  He 
was  graduated  at  the 
University  of  the 
South,  B.Lt.,  1881, 
A.M.,  1881,  B.S.,  in 
1881  ;  was  graduated 
at  Berkeley  Divinity 
school  in  1884 ;  was 
ordained  deacon,  June 
4,  1884  ;  was  assist 
ant  at  Christ  church, 
Hartford,  Conn.,  18- 
84-85  ;  ordained  priest,  Aug.  12,  1885,  and  was 
rector  of  the  Church  of  the  Good  Shepherd  at 
Nashua,  N.H.,  1885-93,  during  which  time,  by  a 
canvass  of  the  diocese,  he  raised  $32,000  toward 
the  erection  of  an  Episcopal  residence  at  Concord, 
N.H.  He  was  married.  Sspt.  6,  1893.  to  Harriet 
E.,  daughter  of  Charles  Slason  of  Nashua.  N.H. 
He  was  rector  of  St.  Luke's  church,  San  Fran- 


MORELL 


MOREY 


cisco.  Cal.,  1893-99,  and  dean  of  the  convocation, 
1896-9D.  lie  was  elected  missionary  bishop  of 
Sacramento  in  1898,  and  was  consecrated,  Jan.  25, 
1899,  by  Bishops  Nichols,  Leonard,  Kendrick, 
Barker,  Johnson  and  Perrin,  being  the  youngest 
bishop  in  the  world  at  the  time  of  his  consecra 
tion.  He  received  the  degree  of  D.D.  from  the 
University  of  the  South  in  1899.  He  is  the  author 
of  What  is  Christianity  (1886)  ;  and  Tlte  Church 
or  the  Churches,  Which  ?  (1894). 

MORELL,  George,  jurist,  was  born  in  Lenox, 
Mass.,  March  22,  1786;  son  of  John  Morell,  who 
settled  in  Lenox  about  1778,  and  a  descendant  of 
French  Huguenots,  who  fled  to  Germany  in  1635, 
and  from  there  to  America.  He  was  graduated 
at  Williams  college,  Mass.,  A.B.,  1807,  A.M.,  1810  ; 
studied  lawr  under  John  Russell  in  Troy,  N.  Y.,  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  Feb.  14,  1811.  He  was 
married  May  14,  1812,  to  Maria,  daughter  of  Gen. 
Samuel  B.  Webb,  an  officer  in  the  Revolutionary 
army.  He  served  in  the  state  militia  of  New 
York,  1811-32,  through  all  the  grades  from  ser 
geant  to  major-general.  He  practised  law  in 
Cooperstown,  N.Y.  ;  was  clerk  of  the  court  of 
common  pleas  for  Otsego  county,  1815  ;  master  in 
chancery,  1819,  and  solicitor  and  counsellor  in 
chancery,  1823.  He  was  the  first  judge  of  the 
court  of  common  pleas  of  Otsego  county,  N.Y., 
1827-32,  a  member  of  the  assembly  in  1829,  and 
removed  to  Michigan  in  1832.  He  was  appointed 
chief-justice  of  the  supreme  court  of  the  territory 
of  Michigan,  Feb.  26,  1832,  as  successor  to  William 
Woodbridge,  and  on  the  admission  of  Michigan 
as  a  state  in  1837  he  became  associate  justice  of 
the  supreme  court  under  the  constitution  of  1835. 
He  succeeded  Chief-Justice  Fletcher,  resigned,  in 
1842.  and  served  until  July  18,  1843.  He  died  in 
Detroit.  Mich..  March  8,  1845. 

MORELL,  George  Webb,  soldier,  was  born  in 
Cooperstown,  N.Y.,  Jan.  8,  1815;  son  of  Judge 
George  (q.  v.)  and  Maria  (Webb)  Morell.  He  was 
graduated  at  the  U.  S.  Military  academy  first  in- 
the  class  of  1835,  and  was  assigned  to  the  corps  of 
engineers.  He  was  promoted  2d  lieutenant,  Oct., 
31,  1826,  and  resigned  from  the  army,  June  30, 
1837,  to  become  assistant  engineer  in  the  con 
struction  of  the  Charleston  and  Cincinnati  rail 
road.  In  1838-39  he  held  a  similar  position  on  the 
Michigan  Central  railroad.  He  removed  to  New 
York  city  in  1840,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1842.  He  was  appointed  major  of  the  4th  New 
York  volunteers,  July  23,  1846,  raised  for  service 
in  the  Mexican  war,  but  the  regiment  was  never 
mustered  in.  He  was  division  engineer,  1st  divi 
sion,  N.Y.S.M.,  with  the  rank  of  major,  1849-52, 
and  with  the  rank  of  colonel,  1852-61.  He  was 
commissioner  of  the  U.S.  circuit  court  for  the 
southern  district  of  New  York,  1854-61.  He  was 
appointed  inspector,  1st  division,  N.  Y.  S.  M., 

[547 


April  15,  1861,  and  colonel  on  the  staff  of  General 
San  ford,    N.Y.S.M,,    organizing   regiments   and 
forwarding  them  to  the  seat  of  war.  April  to  May. 
1861.      He   was    promoted    brigadier-general    of 
volunteers,  Aug.  9,  1861  ;  served  in  the  defense  of 
Washington,  1861-62; 
with  the  Army  of  the 
Potomac  in   the  Pen 
insula  canpaign,  and 
commanded  a  brigade 
in    the    skirmish     at 
Ho\vard's          bridge, 
April  4,  1862,  and  the 
seige     of    Yorkto\vn, 
April   to   May,     1862. 
He    commanded    the 
1st     division's     Han 
cock's   5th   corps,    in 
the  capture  of   Han 
over     Court     House ; 
at  Beaver  Dam  Creek; 
at       Gaines's       Mill, 

where  he  opposed  Longstreet's  right,  and  at 
Malvern  Hill,  where  he  led  the  advance,  Berden's- 
sharpshooters  opening  the  battle.  He  was  pro 
moted  major-general  of  volunteers,  July  4,  1862, 
but  the  nomination  not  being  made  to  the  senate, 
it  expired  March  4,  1863,  He  took  part  under 
General  Porter,  occupying  the  extreme  left  in  the 
battle  of  Manassas,  Aug.  30,  1862  ;  in  the  battle  of 
Antietam,  Sept.  17,  1862,  pursued  Lee's  retreating 
army,  and  on  the  20th  was  driven  back  from  the 
heights  of  the  river  bank  near  Shepherdstown  ; 
and  he  commanded  the  troops  guarding  the  upper 
Potomac,  October  to  December,  1862.  He  was  on 
waiting  orders  at  Washington,  1862-63  ;  in  com 
mand  of  draft  rendezvous  at  Indianapolis,  Ind., 
1863-64,  and  was  mustered  out  of  the  service,  Dec. 
15,  1864.  He  was  married  in  1864  to  Catherine 
Schermerhorn,  daughter  of  the  Rev.  William 
Creighton.  D.D.,  and  engaged  in  farming  at  Scar 
borough.  N.Y.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Society 
of  the  Cincinnati,  of  the  Union  club,  and  of 
the  Society  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac.  He  died 
at  Scarborough,  N.Y.,  Feb.  12,  1883. 

MOREY,  Frank,  representative,  was  born  in 
Boston,  Mass.,  July  11,  1840.  He  attended  the 
public  schools  of  Boston,  and  in  1857  removed  to 
Illinois,  where  he  engaged  in  agricultural  and 
mercantile  pursuits  and  studied  law.  In  1861  ho 
enlisted  in  the  33d  Illinois  infantry  and  served  in 
the  Department  of  the  Gulf  after  the  siege  of 
Vicksburg,  principally  on  staff  duty,  and  was 
mustered  out  Dec.  31,  1865.  He  settled  in  Mon 
roe,  La.,  and  engaged  in  cotton  planting  and  in 
the  insurance  business.  He  was  a  Republican 
representative  in  the  Louisiana  legislature.  1868- 
6w ;  a  member  of  the  commission  to  revise  the 
statutes  and  codes  of  the  state,  and  was  a  repre- 


MOREY 


MOREY 


tentative  from  tlie  fifth  Louisiana  district  in  the 
41st.  42d  and  43d  congresses,  1869-73,  and  in  the 
44th  congress  from  Dec.  6,  1875,  till  June  8,  1876, 
when  the  house  of  representatives  awarded  the 
seat  to  the  Democratic  contestant,  William  B. 
Spencer  of  Vidalia.  He  removed  to  Washington, 
D.C.,  where  he  died  Sept.  22,  1890. 

MOREY,  Henry  Lee,  representative,  was  born 
in  Butler  county,  Ohio.  April  8,  1841  ;  son  of 
William  and  Derexa  (Whitcomb)  Morey.  He 
matriculated  at  Miami  university,  Oxford,  Ohio, 
in  the  class  of  1862,  but  left  at  the  outbreak  of 
the  civil  war  and  joined  the  University  Rifles  for 
three  months'  service  in  the  20th  Ohio  regiment. 
He  then  enlisted  in  the  75th  Ohio  regiment  for 
three  years.  He  served  under  General  Schenck 
in  West  Virginia,  General  Sigel  in  the  Shenan- 
doah  valley,  Generals  Pope  and  Hatch  in  Flor 
ida  and  General  Gillmore  at  the  siege  of  Charles 
ton,  S.  C.  He  rose  to  the  rank  of  captain  and 
.after  the  close  of  the  war  engaged  in  business  for 
a  short  time.  He  was  graduated  at  the  Indian 
apolis  Law  school  in  1867,  and  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  Hamilton,  Ohio,  where  he  settled  in 
practice.  Ha  was  city  solicitor,  1871-73;  prose 
cuting  attorney  for  Butler  county,  1873-74 ;  was 
defeated  for  the  state  senate  in  1875,  and  was  a 
Republican  representative  from  the  seventh  Ohio 
district  in  the  47th  and  48th  congresses,  1881-85, 
and  in  the  51st  congress,  1889-91.  He  was  mar 
ried  April  25,  1865,  to  Mary,  daughter  of  the  Hon. 
William  L.  Campbell  of  Hamilton,  Ohio,  and  on 
Feb.  23,  1873,  to  her  sister,  Ella  R.  Campbell. 

MOREY,  Samuel,  inventor  of  a  steamboat, 
was  born  in  Hebron,  Conn.,  Oct.  23,  1762  ;  son  of 
Gen.  Israel  Morey,  an  officer  in  the  Revolutionary 
war,  who  served  on  the  frontier.  He  removed  to 
Orford.  X.  11.,  with  his  parents  in  1766,  and  as  he 
grew  to  manhood  turned  his  attention  to  mechan 
ics  and  chemistry.  From  1780  to  1830  he  devoted 
himself  to  practical  experiments  upon  steam, 
heat  and  light,  and  to  propelling  boats  by  steam. 
Between  1790-93  he  took  out  several  patents  for 
steam  machinery,  some  of  the  models  of  which 
are  in  the  possession  of  the  New  Hampshire  Anti 
quarian  society,  and  his  prophecy  of  a  boat  pro 
pelled  by  steam  was  ridiculed  by  his  neighbors. 
He  constructed  a  boat  and  fitted  it  with  a  steam 
engine  of  his  own  manufacture,  and  on  one  Sun 
day  in  1792,  with  a  young  companion,  John  Mann, 
lie  made  his  first  trip  from  Orford  several  miles 
up  the  Connecticut  river  to  Fairlee,  Vt.,  and  re 
turn.  The  boat  was  propelled  by  a  paddle  wheel 
in  the  prow,  and  made  about  four  miles  an  hour. 
Encouraged  by  Prof.  Benjamin  Silliman,  with 
whom  he  corresponded,  lie  went  to  New  York  to 
exhibit  his  model.  He  had  several  interviews 
with  Robert  R.  Livingston,  who  had  visited  him 
-at  Orford  and  tried  his  boat,  and  Morey  after 


ward  visited  Livingston  at  Clermont  at  the  ex 
pense  of  the  chancellor,  and  at  his  request  Morey 
spent  three  successive  summers  in  New  York 
city,  building  and  experimenting  with  a  new 
boat.  He  was  told  by  Livingston  that  if  he  would 
perfect  an  arrangement  for  placing  the  paddle 
wheel  in  the  stern  of  the  boat  he  would  purchase 
his  invention  for  a  considerable  sum,  understood 
by  Morey  to  be  $100,000,  and  if  he  would  give  the 
use  of  the  boat  to  run  between  New  Y"ork  and 
Amboy,  N.  J.,  he  would  give  him  §7,000,  which 
latter  offer  Morey  refused,  leaving  his  boat  at 
Hartford.  Conn.  The  next  summer  he  improved 
the  engine,  and  after  study  and  experiment  ap 
plied  the  wheel  to  the  stern,  being  aided  in  the 
mechanical  work  by  his  brother  Israel.  The 
boat  attained  a  speed  of  five  miles  an  hour,  and 
Livingston  and  others  accompanied  him  on  a  trip 
from  the  battery  to  Greenwich  village  and  back. 
A  patent  was  issued  to  Samuel  Morey  on  March 
25,  1795,  for  a  steam  engine,  the  power  to  be  ap 
plied  by  crank  motion,  to  navigate  boats  of  any 
size  ;  patents  were  issued  to  him  on  March  27, 
1799,  and  on  Nov.  17,  1800,  for  the  application  of 
steam,  and  one  for  a  steam  engine  in  1803.  He 
continued  to  experiment  with  the  steamboat,  and 
in  1797  constructed  a  boat  on  the  Delaware  at 
Bordentown,  N.  J.,  placing  a  paddle  wheel  on 
each  side,  which  increased  the  rate  of  speed  and 
proved  more  effectual  in  every  way.  The  boat 
was  openly  exhibited  at  Philadelphia.  Pa.,  and 
arrangements  were  made  with  certain  capitalists 
for  the  construction  and  practical  operation  of 
large  steamboats,  but  financial  distress  overtook 
those  interested  before  they  could  execute  their 
plans.  He  received  a  patent  for  a  revolving  steam 
engine  July  14,  1815,  and  invented  one  of  the  first 
stoves  in  the  United  States.  He  inherited  large 
tracts  of  land  in  New  Hampshire  and  Vermont, 
where  he  was  engaged  in  lumbering  for  many 
years.  He  built  chutes  on  West  mountains  to 
slide  the  logs  from  the  steep  sides  to  Fairlee 
pond,  and  planned  and  built  the  locks  at  Bellows 
Falls,  which  opened  up  navigation  between 
Windsor,  Conn.,  and  Lebanon,  N.  H.  He  con 
tributed  to  S  ill  i  man's  Journal  of  Science.  He  re 
sided  at  Fairlee,  Vt.,  from  1836  until  his  death, 
April  17,  1843. 

MOREY,  William  Carey,  educator,  was  born 
in  North  Attleborough,  Mass.,  May  23,  1843  ;  son 
of  the  Rev.  Reuben  and  Abby  (Bogman)  Morey, 
grandson  of  Samuel  Morey,  and  great-grandson  of 
Thomas  Morey,  who  came  from  Rhode  Island  to 
the  colony  of  New  York  about  1775  and  joined 
the  13th  Albany  regiment,  serving  during  the 
Revolution.  His  first  ancestor  in  America,  Roger 
More}',  came  from  England  with  Roger  Williams 
in  1631.  His  father,  born  in  Fabius,  N.  YT.,  Feb. 
21,  1805,  graduated  at  Brown  in  1835,  was  a  Bap- 


MOREY 


tist  preacher  in  Indiana.  Kentucky,  Massachu 
setts,  New  York,  Illinois  and  Wisconsin,  and  died 
at  Waukesha,  Wis. ,  May  17,  1880.  William  Carey 
Morey  matriculated  at  the  University  of  Roch 
ester  in  1861,  but  enlisted  in  the  130th  N.  Y.  vol 
unteers  September, 
1862.  la  1863  his 
regiment  was  chang 
ed  to  the  1st  N.  Y. 
dragoons  and  he  was 
made  2d  lieutenant ; 
was  promoted  1st 
lieutenant,  February, 
1864,  appointed  acting 
adjutant  of  the  regi 
ment,  June,  1864,  and 
promoted  captain, 
December,  1864.  He 
served  in  the  Army 
of  the  Potomac, 
with  Sheridan's  cav 
alry  corps  in  the 

Shrnahoah  valley,  and  with  the  Army  of  the 
Potomac  before  Petersburg,  and  with  Sheridan  in 
the  final  battles  up  to  Lee's  surrender,  being  part 
of  the  time  in  temporary  command  of  the  regi 
ment  and  being  present  in  thirty -six  different  en 
gagements.  He  was  brevetted  major  and  lieu 
tenant-colonel  of  volunteers,  March  13,  1865,  for 
gallant  and  meritorious  services.  After  his  return 
home  he  re-entered  the  University  of  Rochester 
where  he  was  graduated  in  1868  witli  the  highest 
honors  that  had  been  attained  by  any  graduate  of 
the  university  up  to  that  time,  and  afterward  re 
ceived  the  degree  of  Ph.  D.  He  was  tutor  in 
Latin  at  Rochester.  1869-70;  professor  of  history 
at  Kalamazoo  college,  1870-72  ;  professor  of  the 
Latin  language  and  literature  at  Rochester, 
1872-77:  professor  of  Latin  and  history,  1877-83, 
and  in  1883  became  professor  of  history  and  polit 
ical  science.  He  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
American  Institute  of  Civics,  the  American  Folk 
lore  society,  the  American  Social  Science  associa 
tion,  the  American  Academy  of  Political  and 
Social  Science,  the  American  Association  for  the 
Advancement  of  Science,  a  member  of  the  board 
of  managers  of  the  Rochester  Historical  society  ; 
of  the  board  of  trustees  of  the  Reynolds  library, 
and  chairman  of  the  library  committee  from  its 
foundation  in  1884.  and  director  in  1896.  He  is 
the  author  of:  Herbert  Spencer  in  the  Light  of 
History  (1883)  ;  Outlines  of  Roman  Law  (1884)  ; 
Tlie  Genesis  of  a  Written  Constitution  (1891)  ; 
First  State  Constitutions  (1892):  Papers  and 
Addresses  of  President  M.  B.  Anderson  (1895); 
Sources  of  American  Federal  ism  (1895)  ;  Outlines 
of  Roman  History  (1900)  ;  Government  of  the 
State  of  New  York  (1901),  and  contributions  to 
historical  and  scientific  periodicals. 


1549] 


MORFIT,  Campbell,  chemist, was  born  in  Her- 
culaneum,  Mo.,  Nov.  19, 1820.  He  matriculated  at 
Columbian  university,  D.C.,  but  left  before 
graduating  to  study  chemistry  in  the  private 
laboratory  of  James  C.  Booth,  in  Philadelphia, 
Pa.  He  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  chemi 
cals,  and  soon  after  purchased  the  establishment, 
producing  a  grade  of  chemicals  for  which  he 
received  medals  from  the  American  and  Franklin 
institutes.  He  founded  the  chemical  department 
of  the  Maryland  institute,  was  professor  of 
applied  chemistry  in  the  University  of  Maryland, 
1854-58,  and  a  practising  chemist  in  New  York 
city,  1858-61.  He  settled  in  London,  England,  in 
1861,  and  devoted  himself  to  the  improvement  of 
technical  processes,  including  the  preparation  of 
condensed  food  rations,  the  manufacture  of 
paper,  and  the  refining  of  oils,  which  gave  him  a 
wide  reputation.  He  received  the  honorary 
degree  of  M.D.  from  the  University  of  Maryland. 
He  was  brigade-major  of  the  2d  brigade  Penn 
sylvania  state  militia,  was  a  member  of  several 
scientific  societies  in  America,  and  a  fellow  of 
the  Chemical  society  of  London.  He  is  the 
author  of  :  Chemistry  as  Applied  to  the  Manufac 
ture  of  Soajjs  and  Candles  (1847)  ;  Chemical  and 
Pharmaceutical  Manipulations  (with  his  brother 
Clarence,  1848)  ;  Progress  of  Chemical  Arts  (with 
Dr.  James  C.  Booth,  1851)  ;  The  Arts  of  Tanning 
and  Currying  (1852)  ;  Perfumery,  its  Use  and 
Manufacture  (1853)  ;  OleicSoaps(l81tl),  andPure 
Fertilizers  and  Phosphates  (1873).  He  revised 
the  American  edition  of  Noad's  Chemical  Analy 
sis  (1849)  ;  wrote  with  J.  C.  Bootli  the  report  to 
the  U.S.  ordnance  department  on  Gun  Metal 
(1853),  and  edited  with  James  C.  Booth,  the 
Encyclopaedia  of  Chemistry  (1851).  He  died  in 
London,  England,  Dec.  8,  1897. 

MORGAN,  Abner,  soldier,  was  born  in  Brim- 
field,  Mass.,  Jan.  9,  1746;  son  of  Jonathan  and 
Ruth  (Miller)  Morgan  ;  grandson  of  David  and 
Deborah  (Cotton)  Morgan  ;  great  grandson  of 
Joseph  and  Tryphenia  (Smith)  Morgan,  and  a 
descendant  of  Capt.  Mills  (q.v.)  and  Prudence 
(Gilbert)  Morgan.  He  was  graduated  at  Har 
vard,  A.B.,  1773  ;  and  practised  law  at  Brimfield, 
being  the  first  lawyer  there  ;  and  also  practised 
in  Worcester.  He  represented  Brimfield  in  the 
general  court  that  met  at  Watertown,  Mass., 
from  July  19,  1775,  to  Jan.  21,  1776,  and  voted  to 
raise  a  regiment  from  Berkshire  and  Hampshire 
counties  to  serve  in  the  expedition  to  Canada. 
He  became  major  of  the  first  regiment  of  Con 
tinental  troops  raised  in  Massachusetts,  and 
under  Col.  Elislia  Porter  marched  with  General 
Arnold  to  Quebec  to  join  General  Montgomery. 
After  the  deatli  of  Montgomery.  Arnold  being 
disabled.  Major  Morgan  led  the  final  attack  on 
Quebec,  Jan.  1,  1776,  when  they  were  driven  off 


MORGAN 


MORGAN 


by  overpowering  numbers,  and  retreated  to 
Crown  Point,  N.Y.,  where  on  July  8,  1776,  Major 
Morgan  drew  up  an  address  of  the  h'eld  officers  to 
Gen.  John  Sullivan  on  the  latter's  withdrawing 
from  the  command  of  the  army  of  Canada.  He 
served  in  the  army  until  Aug.  29,  1778,  when  he 
was  appointed  brigade  major  for  Hampden 
county,  Mass.  He  was  commissioned  justice  of 
the  peace  of  Massachusetts  by  General  Hancock 
in  1781  ;  was  chairman  of  the  committee  for 
taking  up  persons  dangerous  to  the  common 
wealth  in  1782  ;  served  as  selectman  of  Bri infield 
for  twenty-two  years,  and  was  the  assessor  for 
Hampden  district  to  collect  direct  the  U.S.  tax 
levied  on  the  state  by  congress  in  1798.  He 
represented  Brimfield  in  the  Massachusetts  legis 
lature,  1798-1801.  He  received  from  the  govern 
ment  a  pension  and  a  bounty  of  20,000  acres  in 
Livingston  county,  N.Y.,  on  the  banks  of  the 
Genesee  river.  He  was  married  March  31,  1796, 
to  Persis,  daughter  of  David  and  Tabitha 
(Collins)  Morgan,  and  in  1826  removed  to  Lima, 
N.Y.,  and  from  there  to  Avon,  N.Y.,  where  he 
died  Nov.  7,  1837. 

MORGAN,  Charles,  shipping  merchant,  was 
born  in  Killingworth,  Conn.,  April  21,  1795  ;  son 
of  Col.  George  and  Elizabeth  (Redfield)  Morgan  ; 
grandson  of  Theophilus  and  Phebe  (Merrills) 
Morgan,  and  of  Capt.  Samuel  Redfield,  and  a 
descendant  of  James  Morgan,  who  came  from 
Wales  to  Boston,  Mass.,  with  his  brothers  John 
and  Miles,  in  April,  1636  :  settled  previous  to 
1640  in  Roxburgh,  where  he  married  Margery 
Hill,  and  in  1650  removed  to  New  London,  Conn. 
Charles  Morgan  became  a  clerk  in  a  grocery  store 
in  New  York  city,  and  about  1816  opened  a  small 
store  in  Peck  Slip,  for  the  sale  of  ship  supplies. 
Later  he  enlarged  his  business  by  importing 
southern  fruit  ;  became  part  owner  of  a  brig,  and 
a  few  years  later  sole  owner  of  a  line  of  sailing 
vessels  in  the  West  India  trade.  He  started  the 
first  steamer  between  New  York  and  Charleston, 
S.C.,  which  became  the  Morgan  line;  he  built 
the  steamships  William  Gibbons,  Columbia,  and 
New  York,  and  in  1836  sent  the  first  steamer  from 
New  Orleans  to  Mexico,  and  established  in  New 
Orleans  the  Morgan  lines  to  various  Texan  and 
other  ports  along  the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  He  estab 
lished  in  1836  the  Morgan  Iron  works,  on  the 
East  River,  New  York,  for  building  marine  en 
gines,  and  during  the  civil  war  the  greater  part 
of  his  fleet  was  chartered  by  the  U.S.  govern 
ment.  He  owned  and  directed  the  Louisiana  and 
Texas  railroad,  building  the  road  from  Indianola, 
La.,  toCuero,  Tex.  ;  dredged  a  steamboat  channel 
through  Atchafalaya  bay  :  built  a  wharf  2,500 
feet  long  at  Indianola.  and  thus  perfected  this 
line  of  travel.  He  also  built  steamers  for  the 
California  trade,  used  on  the  Panama  and 


Nicaragua  routes,  and  continued  to  manage  his 
many  large  enterprises  until  his  death.  He  gave 
§50,000  for  the  endowment  of  the  Morgan  school 
at  Clinton,  Conn.,  which  was  dedicated  Dec.  7, 
1871,  and  Morgan  City,  La.,  was  named  in  his 
honor.  He  married,  first,  Dec.  20,  1817,  Emily 
Reeves,  and  secondly,  June  24,  1852,  Mary  J. 
Sexton.  He  died  in  New  York  city,  May  8,  1878. 
MORGAN,  Charles  Hale,  soldier,  was  born  in 
Manlius,  N.Y.,  Nov.  6,  1834.  He  was  graduated 
at  the  U.S.  Military  academy,  1857.  and  was  pro 
moted  3d  lieutenant,  4th  artillery,  Sept.  10.  1857. 
He  served  on  the  Utah  expedition.  1857-59  ;  was 
promoted  1st  lieuten 
ant  April  1,  1861  ; 
served  in  western 
Virginia  and  in  the 
defenses  of  Washing 
ton,  D.C.,  1861-62. 
and  in  the  Army  of 
the  Potomac.  March 
to  August,  1862.  He 
was  promoted  cap 
tain,  Aug.  5,  1862; 
took  part  in  the 
Maryland  campaign  ; 
was  chief  of  artillery, 
2d  corps,  Army  of  the 
Potomac,  1862-63; 
assistant  inspertor- 
general  and  chief  of  staff,  2d  army  corps,  1863-64, 
and  1st  veteran  corps.  1865.  He  took  part  in  the 
Rappahannock  campaign  :  the  battles  of  Gettys 
burg  and  Warrenton,  and  was  brevetted  major, 
July  3,  1863,  for  Gettysburg.  He  engaged  in  the 
skirmishes  at  Auburn  and  Bristol  Station,  and 
in  the  operations  at  Mine  Run  ;  was  brevetted 
lieutenant-colonel,  Oct.  14,  1863  :  took  part  in  the 
battles  of  the  Wilderness,  the  skirmish  at  Todd's 
Tavern,  the  battles  of  Spottsylvania,  North  Anna, 
Tolopotomy,  Cold  Harbor  and  vicinity.  Peters 
burg,  Deep  Bottom.  Reams's  Station,  Boydton 
Plank  Road,  and  the  siege  of  Petersburg,  1864  ; 
and  was  brevetted  colonel.  May  12,  1864,  for 
Spottsylvania,  and  colonel  of  U.S.  volunteers, 
Aug.  1,  1864,  '•  for  distinguished  and  valuable 
services  and  gallantry  during  the  campaign, 
especially  at  the  Wilderness  and  Spottsylvania." 
He  assisted  in  organizing  the  1st  army  corps  of 
veterans  at  Washington,  D.C.,  1864-65  :  was 
brevetted  brigadier-general  of  volunteers,  Dec.  2, 
1864,  for  services  in  the  campaign  of  Richmond, 
Va.  ;  was  assistant  inspector-general  and  chief 
of  staff  to  Major-General  Hallock,  commanding 
the  middle  military  division,  February  to  June, 
1865  :  and  a  member  of  the  examining  board, 
June  to  August.  1865.  He  was  brevetted  briga 
dier-general.  U.S.A..  March  13,  1865,  for  services 
in  the  field  during  the  war  ;  was  promoted  briga- 


[550] 


31  ORGAN 


MORGAN 


dier-general  of  volunteers,  May  21,  1865,  and  was 
mustered  out  of  the  volunteer  service.  May  21, 
ISO."),  ile  was  a  member  of  the  board  for  brevet 
promotions.  1866,  and  on  recruiting  service.  1800- 
07  :  was  promoted  major,  4th  artillery,  Feb.  5, 
1807  ;  was  in  garrison  at  Fort  Delaware,  Del., 
1867-69  ;  at  the  artillery  school  for  practice,  Fort 
Monroe.  Va. ,  1809-71  ;  at  Raleigh,  N.C.,  1871-72, 
and  at  Alcatraz  Island,  Gal.,  from  1872  until  his 
death  at  that  place.  Dec.  20.  1875. 

MORGAN,  Charles  Henry,  representative, 
was  born  in  Cuba,  Allegany  county,  N.  Y.,  July 
5.  184']  :  son  of  Henry  G.  and  Lurancy  (Swift) 
Morgan  and  grandson  of  Col.  Samuel  II.  Morgan, 
a  native  of  Vermont,  who  settled  in  Allegany 
county  in  1811.  He  removed  to  a  farm  in  Wis 
consin  with  his  parents  in  early  childhood,  and 
was  educated  in  the  public  schools  and  at  the 
Fond-du-Lac  high  school.  He  enlisted  as  a  pri 
vate  in  the  1st  Wisconsin  infantry  in  1861,  and 
was  sergeant  and  sergeant-major,  and  in  1862 
was  transferred  to  the  21st  Wisconsin  volunteers, 
where  he  rose  to  the  rank  of  captain  ;  served 
with  the  Army  of  the  Cumberland  until  taken 
prisoner  at  Chickamauga,  Sept.  20,  1863  ;  escaped 
from  prison  five  times,  being  recaptured  four 
times  and  reaching  the  Union  lines  near  Colum 
bia,  S.C.,  Feb.  22,  1865.  He  was  graduated  at 
the  Albany,  N.Y.,  Law  school,  in  1866  ;  settled  in 
practice  in  Lamar,  Mo. ;  was  prosecuting  attorney 
of  Barton  county,  1868-72,  and  a  representative 
in  the  state  legislature,  1872-74.  He  was  a  Dem 
ocratic  representative  from  the  twelfth  district 
of  Missouri  in  the  44th,  45th  and  48th  congresses, 
1875-79  and  1883-85  ;  and  from  the  fifteenth  dis 
trict  in  the  53d  congress,  1893-95  ;  a  delegate 
to  the  Democratic  national  convention  of  1880. 
and  a  Democratic  elector-at  large  for  Missouri 
in  1888.  He  was  lieutenant-colonel.  5th  Mis 
souri  volunteer  infantry,  in  the  war  with  Spain, 
1898. 

MORGAN,  Charles  W.,  naval  officer,  was 
born  in  New  Jersey  in  1790  ;  he  was  a  nephew  of 


THE      FRKJAT6. 

CONSTITUTlO/N. 


Gen.  Daniel  Morgan,  and  a  grandson  of  James  (an 
ironmaster)  and  Sarah  Morgan  of  Wales,  who 
immigrated  to  America  previous  to  1730  ;  settled 


[551] 


in  Bucks  county,  Penn.,  and  afterward  removed 
to  New  Jersey.  He  entered  the  U.  S.  navy  from 
Virginia  as  a  midshipman,  Jan.  1,  1808;  served 
in  the  war  of  1812,  and  was  promoted  lieutenant, 
March  3,  1813.  He  was  attached  to  the  Constitu 
tion,  taking  part  in  the  fights  with  the  Giiernere 
and  with  the  Java,  and  for  his  gallantry  and 
bravery  in  these  engagements  was  presented 
with  a  sword  by  the  Virginia  legislature.  He 
was  promoted  commander,  April  15,  1820  ;  cap 
tain  Feb.  21,  1831,  and  commanded  the  Mediter 
ranean  squadron,  1841-43.  He  died  in  Washing 
ton,  D.  G.,  Jan.  3,  1853. 

MORGAN,  Christopher,  representative,  was 
born  in  Aurora,  N.Y. ,  June  4,  1808  ;  son  of  Chris 
topher  and  Nancy  (Barber)  Morgan  ;  grandson 
of  Christopher  and  Deborah  (Ledyard)  Morgan, 
and  of  John  Barber  of  Groton,  Mass.,  and  a  de 
scendant  of  James  and  Marjory  (Hill)  Morgan, 
New  London,  Conn.,  1650.  He  was  graduated  at 
Yale  in  1828,  studied  law  in  the  office  of  William 
H.  Seward,  Auburn,  N.  Y.,  and  practised  at 
Aurora.  He  was  married  Oct.  24,  1832,  to  Mary 
Pitney  of  Auburn.  He  was  a  representative  in 
the  26th  and  27th  congresses,  1839-43,  and  was 
defeated  for  the  28th  congress.  He  removed  to 
Auburn  in  1843,  and  practised  with  William  H. 
Seward,  Samuel  Blatchford  and  Clarence  Seward. 
He  was  secretary  of  the  state  of  New  York, 
1848-52  ;  superintendent  of  the  public  schools  of 
the  state,  1848-52 ;  mayor  of  Auburn,  1860,  and 
a  trustee  of  the  state  lunatic  asylum  at  Utica, 
N.Y.  He  died  in  Auburn,  N.  Y.,  April  3,  1877. 

MORGAN,  Daniel,  soldier,  was  born  in  Hunt- 
erdon  county,  N.  J.,  probably  in  1733  ;  of  Welsh 
descent.  He  worked  for  his  father  on  a  herb 
farm  and  received  no  education.  Upon  a  dis 
agreement  with  his 
father  he  removed  to 
Carlisle  Pa.,  in  1753, 
and  to  Charlestown, 
Va.,  in  1754,  where 
he  obtained  employ 
ment  on  a  farm,  took 
charge  of  a  saw-mill 
and  became  a  teams 
ter.  He  joined  Gen 
eral  Braddock's  army 
as  a  teamster  in  1755, 
and  at  his  defeat 
July  9, 1755,  he  trans 
ported  the  wound- 

.    . 
ed     back      to      their 

homes.  In  the  spring 
of  1753  he  was  abused  by  a  British  officer, 
who  struck  him  with  a  sword,  and  Morgan  imme 
diately  knocked  him  down,  his  disrespect  cost 
ing  him  five  hundred  lashes  laid  on  his  bare 
back.  The  officer  subsequently  made  a  public 


MORGAN 


MORGAN 


apology.  In  1757  he  was  a  member  of  the  volun 
teer  militia  sent  to  quell  Indian  uprising  at 
Edwards  Fort  on  the  Cocapehon  river.  He  was 
commissioned  ensign  by  Governor  Dinwiddie 
and  took  part  in  the  Indian  campaign  of  1758. 
While  carrying  despatches  to  Winchester  he  be 
came  engaged  in  a  fight  with  Indians  in  which 
most  of  his  comrades  were  slain  and  he  was 
•wounded  by  a  musket  ball,  which  passed  through 
the  back  of  his  neck  and  went  through  his  mouth, 
removing  in  its  passage  all  the  teeth  on  the  left 
side  of  the  jaw.  This  was  the  only  wound  he 
received  during  his  long  military  career.  In 
1762  he  received  a  grant  of  land  in  Frederick 
county,  Va.,  and  devoted  himself  to  farming, 
naming  his  place  "  Soldier's  Rest."  He  was 
married  about  this  time  to  Abigail  Bailey, 
daughter  of  a  farmer  of  that  neighborhood, 
said  to  have  been  a  woman  of  beauty  and  refine 
ment.  He  served  as  a  lieutenant  in  a  regiment 
of  militia  during  the  Pontiac  war.  In  1763-64 
he  was  commissioned  captain  of  militia,  and  in 
1773  served  against  the  Indians.  In  June,  1775, 
he  was  appointed  captain  of  one  of  the  ten  Vir 
ginia  rifle  companies  raised  to  join  Washington's 
army  at  Boston.  His  company  was  composed  of 
ninety-six  young  woodsmen  and  reached  the 
American  camp  at  Cambridge,  Mass.,  in  July, 
1775,  having  travelled  six  hundred  miles  in 
twenty-one  days  and  being  one  of  the  first  com 
panies  to  report.  On  Sept.  13,  1775,  he  was  de 
tailed  with  his  company  on  the  expedition  to 
Quebec  under  Benedict  Arnold,  and  was  the  first 
to  cross  the  St.  Lawrence  river,  Nov.  13,  1775. 
He  led  the  assault  upon  the  northern  and  western 
extremities  of  the  lower  town,  and  took  the  bat 
tery  opposed  to  him  and  fought  his  way  into  the 
town,  where  for  lack  of  support  his  command 
was  captured  Jan.  1,  1776.  He  remained  a  pris 
oner  of  war  at  Quebec  until  Aug.  10,  1776,  when 
he  was  discharged  on  pai-ole  and  set  sail  for  New 
York.  He  stayed  for  a  brief  time  at  his  home  in 
Virginia,  and  in  November,  1776,  he  was  com 
missioned  colonel  of  the  llth  Virginia  regiment. 
His  parole  soon  expired  and  he  was  instructed  to 
recruit  men  for  his  regiment.  Before  his  enlist 
ment  was  complete  he  was  ordered  to  join  the 
army  at  Morristown,  N.  J. ,  and  arrived  there  with 
180  riflemen  in  April,  1777.  He  wras  placed 
in  command  of  500  sharpshooters,  known  as 
Morgan's  rangers,  whose  position  was  on  the 
skirmish  line.  On  June  13,  1777,  upon  the  ad 
vance  of  Lord  Howe  from  New  Brunswick,  N.  J. , 
Morgan's  rangers  had  several  encounters,  and 
upon  Howe's  retreat  toward  Amboy,  N.  J.,  after 
having  failed  to  draw  Washington  into  an  en 
gagement,  Morgan  was  sent  forward  to  annoy 
him.  He  took  position  on  Long  Hill,  Chatham, 
N.  J.,  and  thence  followed  Howe  to  Philadelphia. 

[552] 


He  found  General  Gates  at  Stillwater  in  August, 
1777;  was  a  prominent  figure  at  Freeman's  Farm, 
September  19,  and  at  the  surrender  of  Burgoyne, 
October  7.  He  was  complimented  by  both  Gates 
and  Burgoyne,  the  latter  characterizing  his 
rangers  the  finest  regiment  in  the  world.  He 
refused  to  listen  to  Gates's  criticism  of  Wash 
ington's  conduct  of  the  war  and  assured  him 
that  he  would  serve  under  no  other  man  as  com- 
mander-in-chief.  His  name  does  not  appear  in 
Gates's  official  report  of  the  surrender.  At  White- 
marsh,  Pa.,  he  rejoined  Washington,  who  on 
Dec.  7,  1777,  met  the  advance  of  Howe's  army 
and  compelled  him  to  retire  to  Philadelphia,  after 
which  the  American  forces  went  into  winter 
camp  at  Valley  Forge,  and  Morgan  returned  to 
his  home  in  Virginia,  where  he  spent  several 
weeks.  During  June,  1778,  he  served  in  theMon- 
mouth  campaign,  but  was  not  present  at  the 
battle  of  the  28th.  He  was  commissioned  colonel 
of  the  7th  Virginia  regiment  in  March,  1779,  and 
in  June,  1779,  congress  having  promoted  inferior 
officers  over  him,  he  resigned  his  commission 
upon  the  appointment  of  General  Gates  to  the 
command  of  the  southern  army.  Morgan  was 
urged  to  rejoin  the  army,  but  refused  to  be  out 
ranked  by  commanders  of  state  militia.  After 
the  unfortunate  battle  of  Camden,  he  joined 
Gates  at  Hillsborough,  was  promoted  brigadier- 
general  Oct.  13, 1780,  and  served  under  Gates  and 
Greene,  and  in  December,  1780,  he  was  sent  by 
Greene  to  threaten  the  inland  posts  of  Augusta 
and  Ninety-Six.  Cornwallis  sent  Tarleton  to 
prevent  this  manoeuver,  and  upon  the  approach  of 
a  superior  British  force,  Morgan  retreated  to  a 
grazing  grounds  known  as  the  Cowpens  and 
awaited  an  attack.  The  ensuing  battle  of  Jan. 
17,  1781,  was  one  of  the  most  brilliant  affairs  of 
the  Revolutionary  war  and  reflected  credit  upon 
the  military  genius  of  Morgan.  The  British 
army  was  surrounded  and  put  to  flight,  but  the 
direction  taken  by  Cornwallis  obliged  Morgan  to 
cross  the  Fords  of  the  Catawba  in  order  to  join 
Greene,  and  by  a  brilliant  march  he  reached  the 
river  first  and  warned  Greene  of  the  situation. 
He  took  part  in  the  manoeuvers  leading  to  the 
battle  of  Guilford  Court  House,  which  resulted  in 
Cornwallis's  retreat  into  Virginia,  but  before  the 
battle  in  February,  1781,  he  was  incapacitated 
from  further  field  service  by  an  attack  of  rheu 
matism  and  he  returned  home.  In  1781  he 
joined  in  the  suppression  of  the  Tory  rebellion  in 
Virginia,  and  subsequently  reported  to  Lafayette, 
near  Jamestown,  Va.,  and  was  given  command  of 
the  entire  force  of  light  troops  in  Lafayette's 
command,  but  his  illness  compelled  him  to  retire 
in  August,  1781.  He  engaged  in  the  cultivation 
of  his  farm,  and  became  wealthy.  In  1790  he 
received  from  congress  the  gold  medal  voted 


MORGAN 


MORGAN 


to  him  in  1781,  for  services  rendered  at  the 
Co\vpens.  In  1793  he  was  chosen  major-general 
of  the  Virginia  troops  that  took  part  in  the  sup 
pression  of  the  whiskey  insurrection  in  western 
Pennsylvania,  lie  was  a  Federal  representative 
in  the  5th  congress,  1797-99,  and  supported  the 
administration  of  John  Adams.  A  statue  was 
dedicated  to  .him  at  Spartanburg,  S.C.,  in  1881. 
He  died  at  Winchester,  Va.,  July  6,  1802. 

MORGAN,  Edwin  Border,  representative, 
was  born  in  Aurora,  N.Y.,  May  2,  1806;  son  of 
Christopher  and  Nancy  (Barber)  Morgan.  His 
father  went  from  Connecticut  to  Central  New 
York  as  a  school  teacher  and  clerk  of  the  Cayuga 


WELLS    COLLECE., 

A  U  RO  R.  A  , 


Bridge  company  in  1800  and  became  a  prosper 
ous  merchant  in  Aurora.  He  attended  the  public 
school,  entered  his  father's  store  as  a  clerk  in 
1819  and  succeeded  to  the  business  in  1827.  He 
was  married,  Sept.  27,  1829,  to  Charlotte  Fidelia, 
daughter  of  Walter  Woods  of  Aurora.  He  was 
a  founder  and  the  first  president  of  the  Wells, 
Fargo  &  Co.'s  express,  and  a  founder  of  the 
United  States  Express  company.  He  represented 
his  district  in  the  33d,  34th  and  35th  congresses, 
1853-59,  and  was  one  of  the  representatives  who 
went  to  the  assistance  of  Senator  Sumner  when 
assaulted  by  Preston  S.  Brooks,  May  22,  1856.  He 
accumulated  a  large  fortune,  and  was  a  principal 
stockholder  in  the  New  York  Times.  He  helped 
many  young  men  to  obtain  an  education  and 
established  others  in  business  ;  erected  with 
William  E.  Dodge  the  Dodge-Morgan  library 
building,  connected  with  Auburn  Theological 
seminar}',  at  a  cost  of  $10,000  ;  gave  to  the  semi 
nary  as  his  personal  gift  a  dormitory  called 
Morgan  Hall  ;  and  at  WTells  college,  at  Aurora, 
in  which  his  interest  was  second  only  to  that  of 
the  founder,  he  established  in  1873  the  Alonzo 
D.  Morgan  Fund,  in  memory  of  his  eldest  son, 
increased  by  provisions  of  his  will  to  over  $200,000. 
and  buildings,  land  and  equipments  valued  at 
about  $300,000.  His  wife  built  Morgan  Hall  for 
Wells  college  at  a  cost  of  $25,000.  He  was  a 
trustee  of  Auburn  Theological  seminary,  1870-81  ; 
a  charter  trustee  of  Wells  college,  1868-81,  and 
president  of  the  board,  1878-81,  and  a  trustee  of 
Cornell  university,  1865-74.  He  died  in  Aurora, 
N.Y.,  Oct.  13,  1881. 


MORGAN,  Edwin  Dennison,  governor  of  New 
York,  was  born  in  Washington,  Mass.,  Feb.  8, 
1811  ;  son  of  Jasper  and  Catherine  (Copp)  Avery 
Morgan,  grandson  of  William  Avery  and  Lyclia 
(Smith)  Morgan  ;  and  a  descendant  of  James  and 
Marjory  (Hill)  Morgan,  New  London,  1650.  He 
removed  with  his  parents,  in  childhood,  to  Wind 
sor,  Conn.,  where  he  worked  on  the  farm,  attended 
the  free  academy,  and  in  1826  he  entered  Ba 
con  academy,  Colchester,  Conn.  He  became  a 
clerk  in  the  wholesale  grocery  store  of  his  uncle, 
Nathan  Morgan,  at  Hartford,  Conn.,  in  1828,  and 
was  admitted  into  partnership  in  1831.  He  was 
married  Aug.  19,  1833,  to  Eliza  Matilda,  daughter 
of  Capt.  Henry  and  Lydia  (Morgan)  Waterman, 
of  Hartford.  He  was  a  member  of  the  city  coun 
cil  of  Hartford  in  1832  ;  removed  to  New  York 
city  in  1836,  establishing  himself  as  a  merchant, 
and  accumulated  a  large  fortune.  He  was  an 
alderman  in  1849  ;  a  member  of  the  New  York 
senate,  1850-54  ;  commissioner  of  emigration, 
1855-58,  and  vice-president  of  the  Republican 
national  convention  of  1856.  He  was  chairman 
of  the  Republican  national  committee,  1856-64. 
As  governor  of  New  York.  1859-62,  he  reduced 
the  state  debt,  increased  the  canal  revenue, 
placed  New  York  harbor  in  a  state  of  defense, 
and  sent  223,000  volunteer  soldiers  to  the  U.S. 
army.  He  was  appointed  a  major-general  of 
volunteers  by  President  Lincoln,  Sept.  30,  1861, 
and  commanded  the  military  department  of  the 
state  of  New  York,  refusing  pay  for  his  services. 
He  was  U.S.  senator,  1863-69  ;  was  the  temporary 
chairman  of  the  Republican  national  convention 
of  1864 ;  a  delegate  to  the  Loyalists'  convention 
Philadelphia  in  1866,  and  chairman  of  the  Repub 
lican  national  convention  of  1872,  and  conducted 
the  campaign  that  resulted  in  the  re-election  of 
President  Grant.  He  declined  the  portfolio  of 
the  treasury  in  President  Lincoln's  cabinet  in 
1865,  and  was  defeated  as  the  candidate  for  U.S. 
senator  in  1875,  and  for  governor  of  New  York  in 
1876.  He  declined  the  secretaryship  of  the  treas 
ury  in  President  Arthur's  cabinet  in  1881.  He 
devoted  large  sums  to  the  equipment  of  soldiers 
and  the  relief  of  their  families,  1861-65.  He  gave 
more  than  $200.000  to  the  Union  Theological 
seminary,  New  York  city,  and  to  Williams  college 
library  buildings,  and  $100,000  to  Williams  col 
lege  for  a  dormitory.  His  philanthropic  bequests 
amounted  to  $795,000.  He  received  the  degree 
LL  D.  from  Williams  college  in  1867  and  was  a 
trustee  of  Cornell  university  1865-69.  He  died  in 
New  York  city,  Feb.  14,  1883. 

MORGAN,  Edwin  Wright,  soldier,  was  born 
in  Pennsylvania.,  1814.  He  was  graduated  at  the 
U.S.  Military  academy,  third  in  the  class  of  1837, 
and  was  assigned  to  the  3d  artillery,  July  1 ,  1837. 
He  served  in  the  Florida  war,  1837-38,  and  engaged 


1553] 


MORGAN 


MORGAN 


in  transferring  the  Cherokee  Indians  from 
Georgia  to  the  west  in  1838.  He  was  promoted 
1st  lieutenant,  July  7,  1838  ;  served  at  Buffalo, 
N.Y.,  during  the  Canada  border  disturbances, 
1833-39,  and  resigned  from  the  U.S.  army,  May 
31,  18:59.  lie  was  principal  assistant  engineer  of 
the  state  of  Pennsylvania,  and  chief  of  several 
surveys,  1839-46.  He  was  reappointed  to  the  army 
as  major  of  the  llth  infantry,  April  9,  1847,  was 
promoted  lieutenant-colonel,  and  transferred  to 
the  13th  infantry,  Sept.  13,  1847,  and  was  mustered 
out  after  his  service  in  Mexico,  July  31,  1848.  He 
was  superintendent  of  the  Western  Military  in 
stitute  at  Blue  Licks,  Ky.,  1849-51  ;  chief  engineer 
in  the  construction  of  railroad,  Shelby,  Ky.,  1852- 
54:  and  vice-president  of  Shelby  college,  Ky., 
1853-54.  He  was  the  joint  superintendent  with 
Thornton  Johnson  of  the  Kentucky  military  in 
stitute  at  Harrodsburg,  1854-56  ;  superintendent, 
1856-01,  and  professor  of  mathematics  and  me 
chanics,  Lehigh  university,  Bethlehem,  Pa. ,1866- 
69.  He  died  in  Bethlehem,  Pa.,  April  16,  1869. 

MORGAN,  George,  pioneer,  was  born  in  Phila 
delphia.  Pa.,  in  1742  ;  son  of  Evan  and  Johanna 
(Byles)  Morgan  ;  grandson  of  David  Morgan,  and, 
on  his  mother's  .side,  of  a  daughter  of  Randall 
Blackshaw,  who  came  to  America  witli  William 

Penn  ;  and  a  descend 
ant  from  the  Mor 
gans  of  Llansawel 
and  Tredegar,  Wales. 
He  was  a  merchant 
in  Philadelphia,  17- 
63-75  ;  soldier  in  the 
American  revolution, 
1775-83  ;  and  an  ex 
plorer  and  agricul 
turist,  1783-1810.  In 
1766  he  made  the 
journey  from  the 
mouth  of  the  Kaskas- 
kia  to  the  mouth 
of  the  Mississippi,  the 
first  American  to 
perform  the  feat.  The  Indians  having  looted 
his  storehouses  of  goods  valued  at  £80,000,  Sir 
William  Johnson  held  a  treaty  with  the  savages 
at  Fort  Stanvvix,  Nov.  3,  1768,  and  they  agreed  to 
deed  the  territory  of  Indiana  to  George  Morgan 
and  his  associates  to  recompense  them  for  the 
loss,  but  after  the  Revolution  Virginia  claimed 
the  territory  by  right  of  conquest,  and  congress 
decided  in  favor  of  the  state.  He  was  1st  lieu 
tenant  to  Captain  Cadwalladers  company  of 
volunteers  in  1775,  and  on  April  10,  1776,  was 
made  the  first  U.S.  commissioner  for  Indian 
affairs,  stationed  at  Fort  Pitt.  Before  he  left  for 
the  west  the  Delaware  Indians  assembled  at  his 
home,  "  Prospect,"  near  Princeton,  N.J. ,  and  con- 


ferred  on  him  the  name  of  the  most  venerated 
chief,  "Taimenend,"  and  when  Colonel  Morgan 
returned  from  Fort  Pitt  he  recounted  such 
wonderful  legends  of  that  chieftain  that  "Tam 
many  "  societies  were  formed  in  New  York  and 
New  Jersey.  He  founded  the  first  English  colony 
in  the  province  of  Louisiana  at  New  Madrid. 
Mo.,  built  the  first  house  with  a  shingle  roof 
at  Pittsburg,  Pa.,  and  was  commissioned 
colonel  in  the  Continental  army,  Jan.  8,  1777. 
He  was  the  second  of  General  Con  way  in  his 
duel  with  General  Cadwalader  in  July,  1778, 
although  a  firm  friend  of  Washington,  and  he 
served  General  Conway  only  at  the  earnest 
request  of  his  fellow  officer.  General  Cadwalader. 
In  1779  congress  authorized  him  to  select  three 
Indian  youths  to  be  educated  at  the  College  of 
New  Jersey,  and  he  took  them  from  the  Delaware 
tribe, and  the}'  resided  at  "  Prospect."  He  removed 
to  "  Morganza,"  eighteen  miles  from  Pittsburg, 
when  in  1802  he  planted  the  first  vineyard  west  of 
the  Alleghany  mountains,  and  took  with  him  the 
first  coach  and  piano  seen  there.  In  1806  Aaron 
Burr  visited  him  at  "  Morganza,"  and  disclosed  to 
him  his  scheme  for  the  partition  of  Louisiana. 
Colonel  Morgan  and  his  sons  were  so  indignant 
that  they  advised  with  Gen.  Presley  Neville 
and  the  judges  of  the  U.S.  and  district  courts, 
and  Colonel  Morgan  addressed  a  communication 
to  President  Jefferson  informing  him  of  Burr's 
intentions.  On  March  26,  1807,  Jefferson  wrote 
to  Colonel  Morgan  in  these  words:  "Yours  was 
the  first  intimation  I  had  of  the  plot,  for  which  it 
is  but  justice  to  say  you  have  deserved  well  of 
your  country."  The  Philadelphia  Society  for  Pro 
moting  Agriculture  presented  him  with  a  gold 
medal  in  1786,  and  Thomas  Pickering  in  forward 
ing  it,  said,  "  This  is  the  first  premium  ever  given 
to  American  agriculture."  He  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  American  Philosophical  society  in 
1786.  He  married  Mary,  daughter  of  John  and 
Elizabeth  (Chevalier)  Baynton,  and  they  had 
three  sons,  John,  George  Washington  and 
Thomas  Jefferson  and  one  daughter,  Ann,  who 
married  Gen.  Presley  Neville  and  their  son  Mor 
gan  Neville  (1786-1839)  was  editor  of  the  Pittsburg 
Gazette  and  author  of  Mike  Tuik,  the  Last  of  the 
Boatmen  (1829).  Colonel  Morgan  is  the  author 
of  numerous  articles  on  the  science  of  agriculture. 
He  died  at  Morganza,  Penn.,  March  10,  1810. 

MORGAN,  George  Washbourne,  organist,  was 
born  in  Gloucester,  England,  April  9,  1822  ;  son 
of  Thomas  and  Anne  Morgan.  He  attended 
school  in  Gloucester,  studied  the  organ,  played 
in  the  church  of  St.  Nicholas  at  the  age  of  eight, 
and  was  assistant  organist,  of  the  cathedral  in 
1834,  and  director  of  its  boy  choir  in  1836.  He 
removed  to  London  in  1851,  and  in  competition 
with  Sir  Henry  Smart  won  the  appointment  of 


[554J 


MORGAN 


MORGAN 


organist  to  the  Harmonic  Union  of  Exeter  Hall. 
He  came  to  the  United  States  in  1853,  and  was  at 
different  times  organist  of  St.  Thomas's  and  Grace 
•churches  (Episcopal),  St.  Ann's  and  St.  Stephen's 
(Roman  Catholic),  and  of  the  Reformed  Dutch 
church.  New  York  city  ;  of  the  Brooklyn  Taber 
nacle,  and  of  the  Grand  Lodge  of  Masons  of  New 
York  city  ;  and  gave  recitals  in  various  cities  in 
the  United  States.  He  conducted  annually  Len 
ten  recitals  in  Chickering  Hall,  New  York,  1880- 
J)2.  He  was  married,  Jan.  16,  1860,  to  Eleanor, 
daughter  of  Thomas  and  Susan  Keller,  of  New 
York.  Their  daughter,  Maud  Morgan,  born  in 
New  York  city,  Nov.  22,  1864,  made  her  first  ap 
pearance  as  a  harpist  in  a  concert  with  Ole 
Bull  in  1873.  Mr.  Morgan  was  the  first  to  in 
troduce  into  the  United  States  the  organ  music 
of  Bach  and  Mendelssohn.  He  composed  an 
anthem  sung  by  the  Harmonic  society  in  1832, 
and  published  an  Episcopal  service  in  F.  besides 
eighty  compositions  and  several  songs.  He  died 
in  Tacoma.  Wash..  July  10.  1892. 

MORGAN,  George  Washington,  soldier,  was 
l)oru  in  Washington,  Pa.,  Sept.  20.  1820  ;  son  of 
Thomas  and  Katherine  (Duane)  Morgan,  and 
grandson  of  Col.  George  (q.v.)  and  Mary  (Bayn- 
ton)  Morgan,  and  of  Col.  William  and  Katherine 

(Corcoran)  Duane. 
He  entered  Washing 
ton  college,  Pa. ,  but 
left  in  1836,  at  the 
age  of  sixteen,  in 
order  to  enlist  in  a 
company  organized 
and  commanded  by 
his  brother,  Capt. 
Thomas  Jefferson 
Morgan,  to  assist 
Texas  in  gaining  her 
independence.  Upon 
his  arrival  in  Texas 
he  was  commissioned 
a  lieutenant  in  the 
Texan  army  and  sub 
sequently  gained  the  rank  of  captain,  and  was  in 
command  of  Galveston  when  only  eighteen.  He 
retired  from  the  service,  Sept.  6,  1839.  In  1841 
he  entered  the  U.S.  Military  academy.  He  left 
West  Point  in  1843,  and  removed  to  Mount  Ver- 
non.  Ohio,  where  he  entered  upon  the  practice  of 
law  in  partnership  with  his  preceptor,  John  K. 
Miller,  in  1845.  On  the  outbreak  of  the  Mexican 
war  he  became  colonel  of  the  3d  Ohio  volunteer 
regiment  and  served  under  General  Taylor,  and 
in  1847  was  appointed  colonel  of  the  15th  U.S. 
infantry,  which  regiment  he  commanded  at  Con- 
treras  and  at  Churubusco,  where  he  was  severely 
wounded.  He  was  brevetted  brigadier-general  by 
recommendation  of  General  Scott,  and  received 

[555] 


the  thanks  of  the  Ohio  legislature  and  a  gold 
sword  from  the  citizens  of  Ohio  for  gallantry  dis 
played  in  these  battles.  He  survived  all  officers 
who  held  the  rank  of  general  in  the  Mexican 
war.  He  was  U.S.  consul  at  Marseilles,  France, 
1856-58  ;  U.S.  minister  to  Portugal,  1858-61  :  was 
commissioned  brigadier-general  of  volunteers,  and 
commanded  the  7th  division,  Army  of  the  Ohio, 
in  April,  1862,  and  was  ordered  to  occupy  Cum 
berland  Gap,  Ky.,  and  if  possible  drive  the  Con 
federates  out  of  east  Tennessee.  General  Morgan 
turned  the  Confederate  position  by  marching 
through  Big  Creek  and  Rogers  Gap  and  took  pos 
session  of  Cumberland  Gap  on  June  18,  1862.  In- 
trenchments  were  thrown  up  and  the  place  was 
strongly  fortified,  but  its  importance  in  a  general 
campaign  was  unproportionate  to  the  force  re 
quired  to  maintain  it,  and  on  Sept.  17,  1862,  after 
a  succession  of  efforts  by  Col.  John  H.  Morgan  to 
render  the  place  untenable,  and  provisions  be 
coming  scarce,  the  fort  was  evacuated  and  the 
division  made  its  way  through  eastern  Kentucky 
to  the  Ohio  river  at  Greenup,  closely  followed  by 
Generals  Carter  Stevenson,  Humphrey  Marshall 
and  John  H.  Morgan,  who  failed  to  intercept  his 
march.  He  did  not  reach  Greenup  until  Oct.  2, 
1862.  He  commanded  the  3d  division,  right  wing, 
13th  army  corps,  under  Gen.  William  T.  Sherman, 
at  the  battle  of  Chickasaw  Bluffs,  Vicksburg, 
Miss.,  and  the  13th  army  corps,  Army  of  the 
Mississippi,  under  Gen.  John  A.  McClernand,  at 
the  capture  of  Fort'Hindmaii,  Ark.,  Jan.  11,  1863. 
He  resigned  from  the  army  on  account  of  failing 
health  in  June,  1863,  and  practised  law  in  Mount 
Vernon,  Ohio,  1863-93.  He  was  the  unsuccessful 
Democratic  candidate  for  governor  of  Ohio  in 
1865  ;  and  represented  the  thirteenth  district  of 
Ohio  in  the  40th,  41st  and  42d  congresses,  1867-73. 
His  election  to  the  40th  congress  was  successfully 
contested  by  Columbus  Delano,  who  took  his  place 
in  June,  1868,  and  served  throughout  the  second 
session  of  the  40th  congress.  He  was  a  delegate 
at  large  from  Ohio  to  the  Democratic  national 
convention  at  St.  Louis,  June  28,  1876.  He  died 
at  Old  Point  Comfort,  Va.,  July  26,  1893. 

MORGAN,  (James)  Appleton,  lawyer  and  au 
thor,  was  born  in  Portland,  Maine,  Oct.  2,  1846  ; 
son  of  Peyton  Randolph  and  Joanna  Dodge  (Apple- 
ton)  Morgan,  grandson  of  Brigade-Major  Abner 
Morgan,  a  soldier  in  the  Massachusetts  Continental 
line  in  the  Revolutionary  war,  and  of  Gen. 
James  Appleton,  a  soldier  in  the  war  of  1812  ;  and 
a  descendant  of  Myles  Morgan,  an  original  settler 
of  Springfield,  Mass.,  who  emigrated  from  Bristol, 
England,  in  1636.  He  was  graduated  from  Racine 
college  in  1867.  and  from  the  law  department  of 
Columbia  university  in  1869;  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1871  and  practised  in  New  York  city. 
He  was  associate  counsel  for  the  Erie  railway, 


MORGAN 


MORGAN 


1873-83,  and  for  the  Northern  Pacific  railroad, 
1883-86,  became  president  of  the  New  York 
and  Palisade  railroad  in  1886,  president  of  the 
New  York  Shakespeare  Press  Publishing  com 
pany  and  president  of  the  Shakespeare  society 
of  New  York  in  1885.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  Medico-Legal  society,  the  New  York  Genea 
logical  and  Biographical  society ;  the  Society  of 
Colonial  Wars ;  the  Sons  of  the  Revolution  of 
New  York  city ;  vice-president-general  of  the 
Society  of  the  War  of  1812  ;  member  of  the 
Order  of  Descendants  of  Colonial  Governors,  and 
an  honorary  member  of  various  Shakespeare 
societies.  He  edited  the  Banks  ide  Shakespeare 
(2  vols.,  1888-92),  and  wrote  introductions  to: 
The  Merry  Wives  of  Windsor ;  Trail  us  and  Cres- 
sida  ;  Titus  Andronicus ;  Pericles;  King  John, 
and  The  Third  Henry  the  Sixth.  He  is  the 
author  of:  Macaronic  Poetry  (1869);  Selections 
of  Macaronic  Poetry  (1870);  De  Colyar  on  the 
Laiu  of  Guaranty  (1874);  Addison  on  Contracts ; 
Best's  Principls  of  Evidence ;  Law  of  Literature 
(3  vols.,  1875);  English  Versions  of  Legal  Maxims 
(1877);  Tlie  Shakespearian  Mytli,  or  William 
Shakespeare  and  Circumstantial  Evidence  (1881); 
Some  Shakespearian  Commentators  (1882);  A 
Study  of  the  Warwickshire  Dialect  (1899);  Digesta 
Shakespeareana  ;  Shakespeare  in  Fact  and  in 
Criticism  (1887);  Tlie  People  and  the  Railways 
(1889). 

MORGAN,  James  Bright,  representative,  was 
born  in  Lincoln  county,  Tenn.,  March  14,  1835. 
He  removed  with  his  parents  to  De  Soto  county, 
Miss.,  in  1840,  and  settled  in  Hernando.  He 
studied  law  with  John  K.  Connelly  of  Hernando, 
and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1857.  He  served 
as  judge  of  the  probate  court  for  De  Soto  county, 
1857-61,  and  entered  the  Confedei'ate  army  as  a 
private  in  the  29th  Mississippi  regiment,  Army 
of  Tennessee,  being  promoted  captain,  major, 
lieutenant-colonel  and  colonel.  He  served  in 
Brantley's  brigade,  Hindman's  division,  Lee's 
corps,  in  the  Atlanta  campaign,  at  Nashville  and 
in  the  Carolinas,  surrendering  with  Johnston's 
army.  He  resumed  the  practice  of  law  after  the 
war,  was  judge  of  the  probate  for  De  Soto  county, 
and  was  a  member  of  the  Mississippi  senate,  1876- 
78.  He  was  chancellor  of  the  third  chancery  dis 
trict  of  Mississippi  by  appointment  from  Gov. 
John  M.  Stone,  1878-82,  and  was  a  Democratic  rep 
resentative  from  the  second  Mississippi  district 
in  the  49th,  50th  and  51st  congresses,  serving 
1885-91. 

MORGAN,  James  Dady,  soldier,  was  born  in 
Boston,  Mass.,  Aug.  1,  1810.  He  attended  the 
public  schools,  and  in  1826  started  on  a  three 
years'  cruise.  After  a  month's  voyage  a  mutiny 
took  place,  the  ship  was  burned,  but  he  escaped, 
reached  South  America,  and  returned  to  Boston. 


He  was  a  merchant  in  Quincy,  111.,  1834-61  ; 
helped  to  organize  the  "  Quincy  Grays,"  and  was 
captain  of  the  Quincy  riflemen  during  the  Mor 
mon  difficulties  in  Hancock  county,  111.,  1844-45. 
He  was  captain  in  the  1st  Illinois  volunteers  in 
the  Mexican  war  ;  was  commissioned  lieutenant- 
colonel  of  the  10th  Illinois  volunteers,  in  April,. 
1861  ;  was  promoted  colonel  May  20,  1861,  and 
on  July  29,  1861,  was  mustered  into  the  U.S. 
service  for  three  years.  He  served  with  Gen 
eral  Grant  and  General  Pope,  and  was  pro 
moted  brigadier-general  of  volunteers,  July 
12,  1862,  for  meritorious  services  at  New  Ma 
drid,  where  he  commanded  the  1st  brigade, 
4th  division,  in  Pope's  army,  and  at  Corinth, 
where  he  commanded  the  1st  brigade,  2d  division, 
taking  part  in  its  capture  in  May,  1862.  He  com 
manded  the  14th  army  corps  at  Chattanooga, 
Tenn.,  in  November,  1862,  served  in  the  Chat 
tanooga  campaign,  distinguishing  himself  at 
Buzzard  Roost  Gap,  May  9,  1864,  and  in  the 
Atlanta  campaign,  where  he  succeeded  Gen.  Jef 
ferson  C.  Davis  to  the  command  of  the  2d  division 
when  that  officer  assumed  command  of  the  14th 
corps.  He  was  prevented  from  reinforcing 
Howard  at  Ezra  Church,  July  28, 1864,  being  held 
back  by  Confederate  cavalry  at  Turner's  Ferry. 
He  was  -sent  into  Tennessee  with  his  division, 
Sept.  28,  1864,  to  oppose  General  Forrest,  and  was 
with  Sherman  in  his  march  to  the  sea  and  through 
the  Carolinas.  He  was  brevetted  major-general 
of  volunteers,  March  19,  1865,  for  gallantry  at  the 
battle  of  Bentonville,  N.C..  was  mustered  out 
of  the  service,  Aug.  24,  1865,  and  returned  to 
Quincy,  111.,  where  he  was  a  banker  for  several 
j'ears.  He  was  president  of  the  Army  of  the 
Cumberland  and  treasurer  of  the  Soldiers'  Home, 
Quincy.  He  died  in  Quincy.  111..  Sept.  12,  1896. 

MORGAN,  James  Morris,  diplomatist,  was 
born  in  New  Orleans,  La.,  March  10,  1845  ;  son  of 
the  Hon.  Thomas 
Gibbes  and  Sarah 
Hunt  (Fowler)  Mor 
gan  ;  great-grandson 
of  Col.  George  Mor 
gan  of  the  Revolu 
tionary  army,  and  a 
descendant  of  David 
Morgan  of  Philadel 
phia,  Pa.  He  was  a 
cadet  at  the  U.S. 
Naval  academy  from 
Sept.  20.  1860,  to 
April  16,  1861.  when 
he  resigned  and  was 
appointed  midship 
man  in  the  Confeder 
ate  States  navy.  June  9,  1861.  He  was  aide-de 
camp  to  Com.  George  N.  Hollins,  commanding 


[556] 


MORGAN 


MORGAN 


the  flotilla  on  the  Mississippi  river  up. to  April  25, 
1802.  After  the  capture  of  New  Orleans  'he  was 
ordered  to  Virginia  and  served  in  the  batteries 
at  Drewry's  Bluff,  Richmond,  Va.,  until  August, 
1S62,  and  on  the  ironclads  at  Charleston,  S.C.,  un 
til  October, 1862.  He  invented  a  useful  movable 
sub-marine  channel  obstruction  for  harbor  de 
fence  ;  was  assigned  as  aide  to  Com.  Matthew  F. 
Maury,and  with  him  ran  the  blockade  at  Charles 
ton,  S.C.,  Oct.  9,  1862;  joined  the  Confederate 
commmerce-destroyer  Georgia  off  Ushant  island, 
France,  April  9,  1863  ;  ran  the  blockade  into  Wil 
mington,  N.C.,  under  heavy  fire  in  the  Lillian  in 
July,  1864,  and  served  in  the  naval  batteries  in 
front  of  Richmond,  Va.,  until  the  fall  of  that  city, 
when  he  accompanied  the  wife  of  President 
Davis  in  her  flight  south.  He  studied  law  in 
New  Orleans,  La.,  1865-66,  and  served  in  the 
Egyptian  army  as  lieutenant-colonel,  1869-72, 
being  recommended  to  the  Khedive  by  Jefferson 
Davis  and  Robert  E.  Lee.  He  was  U.S.  diplo 
matic  consul-general  to  Australasia,  1885-88.  He 
was  elected  a  life  member  of  the  Royal  Geograph 
ical  society  of  Australasia,  and  served  as  U.S. 
commissioner  to  the  Melbourne  International 
exhibition  of  1888.  He  was  married.  Oct.  15, 
1865,  to  Anna  Helen,  daughter  of  George  A. 
Trenholm  of  Charleston,  S.C.,  secretary  of  the 
C.  S.  treasury  ;  secondly  to  Ella  Burroughs, 
granddaughter  of  the  Hon.  William  Ford  De 
Saussure,  chancellor  of  South  Carolina  ;  and 
thirdly  to  Frances  Amelia,  daughter  of  Judge 
Charles  L.  Fincke  of  New  York  city.  He  is  the 
author  of  :  The  Confederacy's  Only  Foreign  War  ; 
America's  Egypt ;  The  Reappearance  of  Eli 
Grimes,  and  other  Short  Stories.  In  1902  he  was 
residing  in  Woodmont,  Conn. 

MORGAN,  John,  surgeon-general,  was  born  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.,  in  1735;  son  of  Evan  and 
Johanna  (Byles)  Morgan.  He  was  graduated  at 
the  College  of  Philadelphia,  A.B.,  1757,  A.M., 
1760;  studied  medicine,  and  served  as  a  surgeon 
and  lieutenant  in  the  French  and  Indian  war. 
He  completed  his  medical  studies  under  Dr.  Will 
iam  Hunter  in  London  and  at  the  University  of 
Edinburgh,  receiving  his  M.D.  degree  in  1763  ; 
studied  in  Paris  in  1764,  visited  Holland  and 
Italy,  and  returned  to  London,  where  he  was 
licensed  by  the  College  of  Physicians  in  1765. 
He  returned  to  Philadelphia  in  1765,  helped  to 
found  the  medical  school  connected  with  the 
College  of  Philadelphia,  and  was  professor  of  the 
theory  and  practice  of  medicine  there,  1765-79. 
In  1773  he  made  a  vo\-age  to  Jamaica,  W.I.,  at 
his  own  expanse,  to  solicit  benefactions  for  the 
advancement  of  general  literature  in  the  college. 
He  was  physician  to  the  Pennsylvania  hospital, 
1773-83  ;  was  appointed  by  congress,  Oct.  17,  1775, 
director-general  and  physician-in-chief  to  the 


general  hospital  of  the  American  army,  and  as 
such  joined  Washington's  army  at  Cambridge, 
Mass.  While  the  army  was  in  New  York  it  suf 
fered  great  loss  through  sickness,  and  Dr.  Mor 
gan's  enemies  charging  him  with  responsibility, 
congress  dismissed  him  from  the  service.  It 
was  afterward  shown  to  have  been  no  fault  of  his, 
but  entirely  due  to  the  want  of  money  to  procure 
proper  drugs.  He  was  given  immediate  oppor 
tunity  to  defend  himself,  and  a  committee  of 
congress  appointed  at  his  request  reported  on 
June  12,  1779,  and  completely  vindicated  him. 
Washington,  in  a  personal  letter,  said :  "  No 
fault,  I  believe,  was  or  ever  could  be  found  with 
the  economy  of  the  hospitals  during  your  direct 
orship."  He  was  elected  fellow  of  the  Royal 
Society  of  London,  1762,  member,  1764  ;  member 
of  the  Royal  Academy  of  Surgery  of  Paris,  1764  ; 
of  the  Arcadian  Belles-Lettres  society  of  Rome, 
1764 ;  of  the  American  Philosophical  society, 
which  he  helped  to  found,  1769,  and  honoraiy 
member  of  the  Massachusetts  Medical  society. 
He  was  married  to  Mary,  daughter  of  Thomas, 
and  sister  of  Francis  Hopkinson,  the  signer.  He 
contributed  to  the  transactions  of  the  American 
Philosophical  society,  and  published  :  Suppura 
tion  (1764) ;  The  Art  of  Making  Anatomical  Prep 
arations  by  Corrosion  (1764);  A  Discourse  upon 
the  Introduction  of  Medical  Schools  in  Philadel 
phia  (1765);  Four  Dissertations  on  the  Reciprocal 
Advantages  of  a  Perpetual  Union  between  Great 
Britain  and  Her  American  Colonies  (1766).  for 
which  he  received  a  gold  medal  from  John  Sar- 
geant  of  London  ;  ^4  Recommendation  of  Qiioenla- 
tion  according  to  Baron  Dimsdale's  Method  (Ml Q); 
and  A  Vindication  of  His  Public  Character  in  the 
Station  of  Director  General  of  the  Military  Hos 
pitals  (1777).  He  died  in  Philadelphia,  Pa., 
Oct  15,  1789. 

MORGAN,  John  Hunt,  soldier,  was  born  in 
Huntsville,  Ala.,  June  1,  1826;  son  of  Calvin  C. 
and  Henrietta  (Hunt)  Morgan,  and  grandson  of 
John  W.  Hunt  of  Lexington,  Ky.  His  parents 
removed  to  Lexington,  Ky.,  in  1830,  where  he  was 
brought  up  on  a  farm.  He  was  elected  1st  lieu 
tenant  in  Colonel  Marshall's  regiment  of  cavalry, 
serving  in  Mexico  for  eighteen  months,  taking  part 
in  the  battle  of  Buena  Vista,  and  engaged  in  man 
ufacturing  bagging  in  Lexington,  Ky.,  1847-61. 
He  entered  the  Confederate  army  in  September, 
1861,  as  captain  of  Kentucky  volunteers,  having 
been  prevented  from  doing  so  earlier  by  the  illness 
and  death  of  his  wife,  who  was  Rebecca,  sister  of 
Col.  Sanders  D.  Bruce  (1825-1902).  founder  of  the 
Turf,  Field  and  Farm,  New  York  city.  He  was 
married  secondly,  in  1862,  to  a  daughter  of  the 
Hon.  Charles  Ready  of  Murfreesboro,  Tenn.  He 
joined  Gen.  Simon  B.  Buckner  at  the  head  of  the 
Lexington  Rifles  ;  was  commissioned  colonel  to 


MORGAN 


MORGAN 


rank  from  April  4,  1862,  and  was  present  at 
the  evacuation  of  Nashville,  Tenn.,  by  the  Con 
federates,  after  which  he  stationed  himself  at  La 
Vergne,  between  Nashville  and  Murfreesboro,  and 
made  frequent  attacks  on  the  enemy.  He  coin- 
manded  a  cavalry  force  in  Gen.  Braxton  Bragg's 
army  during  the  winter  of  1862-03,  and  succeeded 
in  annoying  the  outposts  of  Rosecrans's  army. 
]  le  was  promoted  brigadier-general  after  the 
battle  of  Hartsville  and  continued  raids  in  Ken- 
lucky.  Ohio  and  Indiana,  which  resulted  in  the 
destruction  of  mil  lions  of  dollars'  worth  of  military 
stores  and  other  property.  Railroads  were  de 
stroyed,  trains  captured  and  blown  up,  bridges 
burned  and  lands  laid  waste,  and  every  town  of 
any  importance  in  Kentucky  was  garrisoned  by 
the  United  States  army  as  protection  from  his 
raids.  In  the  summer  of  1862  he  made  a  second 
raid  into  Kentucky  and  Ohio,  his  purpose  being 
to  prepare  the  way  for  General  Buckner  to  cap 
ture  Louisville,  while  he  was  to  seize  Cincinnati. 
lie  swept  through  the  state  and  captured  the 
20th  Kentucky  regiment  at  Lebanon,  destroyed 
whole  villages  in  Indiana,  and  on  entering  Ohio 
was  met  by  a  force  of  40. 000  militia  and  three 
separate  commands  of  U.S.  troops.  In  these  raids 
he  had  greatly  mystified  the  enemy  by  an  instru 
ment  hitherto  unused  in  offensive  warfare.  This 
was  a  portable  electric  battery,  and  it  was  only 
necessary  to  take  down  the  telegraph  wire  and 
connect  it  with  his  portable  battery  to  head  off 
and  answer  all  messages  passing  over  the  line.  On 
his  retreats  he  took  possession  of  the  lines  on  his 
route,  and  countermanded  all  orders  sent  to  in 
tercept  him.  lie  was  forced  to  surrender  his 
command  at  Burlington  Island  in  July,  1863,  and 
was  confined  in  the  city  prison  at  Cincinnati  for 
a  short  time  and  afterward  in  the  Ohio  peniten 
tiary  at  Columbus  until  November.  1863,  when, 
with  six  others,  he  escaped,  having  tunneled  un 
der  the  walls.  Morgan  made  his  way  to  Boone 
county,  Ky.,  and  from  there  to  the  Tennessee 
line,  being  all  the  time  pursued  by  soldiers.  He 
began  his  last  raid  into  Kentucky  in  May,  1864, 
and  was  temporarily  successful,  burning  and 
destroying  as  he  went.  He  met  a  heavy  Federal 
force  at  Cvnthiana.  where  he  lost  700  men,  and 
retreated  into  southwestern  Virginia.  He  took 
command  of  the  troops  at  Jonesboro  in  August, 
isi>4,  and  on  August  31,  prepared  to  move  against 
the  enemy  at  Bull's  Gap,  Tenn.  He  made  his 
headquarters  in  a  farm-house  at  Greenville,  and 
while  attempting  to  escape  met  his  death  at  the 
hands  of  the  detachment  of  Federal  troops  under 
Gen.  Alvan  C.  Gillem.  He  was  killed  at  Green 
ville.  Tenn..  Sept,  4,  1864. 

MORGAN,  John  Jordan,  representative,  was 
born  in  New  York  city  in  1768.  His  father 
destined  him  for  the  Royal  navy,  and  he  received 


a  thorough  classical  education.  He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  New  York  assembly  in  1819,  1836  and 
1840.  and  a  Democratic  representative  from  New 
York  in  the  17th  and  18th  congresses,  1821-23, 
and  in  the  23d  congress  to  fill  the  vacancy  caused 
by  the  resignation  of  Cornelius  W.  Lawrence, 
from  Dec.  1,  1834,  to  March  3,  183-5.  He  was  also 
collector  of  the  port  of  New  York.  While  a 
young  man  he  purchased  lands  under  patent  from 
the  state  in  Madison.  Herkimer  and  Chenango 
counties,  and  established  a  summer  home  in 
Madison  county.  He  was  married  first  to  Cath 
arine  Warne.  niece  of  Col.  Marinus  Willett,  and 
after  her  death  to  Eliza,  daughter  of  Robert  Bald 
win,  a  former  mayor  of  Cork,  Ireland,  who  settled 
in  Canada  with  his  family.  Mr.  Morgan,  having 
no  children,  adopted  Catharine  Morgan  Warne, 
daughter  of  first  wife's  brother,  and  she  became 
the  wife  of  John  A.  Dix.  He  died  at  Port  Ches 
ter.  N.Y..  July  29,  1849. 

MORGAN,  John  Pierpont,  financier,  was  born 
in  Hartford.  Conn..  April  17.  1837  :  son  of  Junius 
Spencer  and  Juliet  (Pierpont.)  Morgan.  He  was 
graduated  from  the  English  high  school,  Boston, 
Mass.,  in  18-54.  and  attended  the  University  of 
Gotungen,  Germany, 
18.54-.56.  In  1  sphere- 
turned  to  the  United 
States  and  obtained 
employment  in  the 
private  banking  house 
of  Duncan,  Sherman 
and  Company,  of  New 
York  city.  In  1860 
he  was  appointed  the 
American  agent  and 
attorney  for  George 
Peabody  &  Co.,  of 
London,  England 
(afterward  J.  S.  Mor 
gan  &  Co.),  and  in 
1864  he  was  admitted 

a  member  of  the  firm  of  Dabney,  Morgan  &  Co., 
of  New  York.  He  formed  a  combination  with 
the  Drexels  of  Philadelphia  under  the  firm 
name  of  Drexel,  Morgan  &  Co.,  in  1871.  and  in 
1895  he  became  head  of  the  firm  of  J.  P.  Mor 
gan  &  Co.  His  father  died  in  1890,  leaving 
the  London  house  of  J.  S.  Morgan  &  Co.,  and  the 
Paris  branch  of  Morgan,  Hayes  &  Co.,  under  the 
sole  management  of  J.  P.Morgan.  This  European 
connection  enabled  the  American  firm  to  do  a 
large  business  in  foreign  exchange.  In  1869  Mr. 
Morgan  defeated  Jay  Gould  in  a  contest  for  the 
control  of  the  Albany  and  Susquehanna  railroad, 
and  became  prominent  in  railroad  matters.  He 
made  a  specialty  of  the  reorganization  of  bank 
rupt  railroads,  including  the  West  Shore,  Phila 
delphia  and  Reading,  Richmond  Terminal,  the 


[558] 


MORGAN 


Erie  and  the  Ne\v  England  railroads.  He  was 
also  identified  in  the  distribution  of  government 
bonds,  and  in  187?  in  co-operation  with  August 
Belmont  and  the  Rothschilds,  floated  $260,000,- 
000  in  U.S.  four  per  cent,  bonds,  thus  relieving 
the  government  from  serious  financial  embarrass 
ment.  After  the  financial  panic  of  1893,  the  gold 
of  the  country  becoming  very  scarce  and  threat 
ening  the  stability  of  the  treasury,  he  joined  with 
other  prominent  bankers  in  buying  $200,000,000 
worth  of  government  bonds  and  paying  for  them 
in  gold.  This  transaction  undoubtedly  preserved 
the  credit  of  the  United  States,  but  Morgan  and 
his  associates  were  denounced  by  the  public  and 
in  congress  for  the  large  amount  of  commission 
asked  for  the  service.  In  the  threatened  panic 
of  1896  lie  again  offered  his  services  and  supported 
the  administration  in  the  funding  of  a  popular 
loan.  Previous  to  1899  the  United  States  had  been 
a  borrower  from  London,  the  money  center  of 
the  world,  but  in  1899  Morgan  undertook  the  first 
foreign  loan  negotiated  in  this  country,  consisting 
of  the  entire  foreign  debt  of  Mexico,  amounting 
to  $110,000,000,  and  in  1900  he  supplied  Great 
Britain  with  $12,000,000  in  U.S.  bonds.  In  1900 
he  organized  the  United  States  Steel  corporation, 
the  largest  combination  in  the  world,  with  a 
capital  of  $1,300.000.000.  of  which  $1.100.000.000 
was  issued  in  capital  stock.  In  1902  he  organized 
a  syndicate  embracing  at  least  seven  of  the  lead 
ing  transatlantic  steamship  lines. capitalizing  the 
trust  at  about  $200,000.000  :  and  in  the  same  year 
he  financed  an  underground  railroad  system  in 
London  involving  several  millions  of  dollars.  He 
became  a  director  of  the  National  Bank  of  Com 
merce,  the  New  York  Central  and  Hudson  River 
railroad,  the  Lake  Shore  and  Michigan  Southern 
railroad,  the  West  Shore  railroad,  the  New  York, 
New  Haven  and  Hartford  railroad,  the  Pullman 
Palace  Car  company,  the  Mexican  Telegraph 
company,  the  Western  Union  Telegraph  company, 
the  Manufacturing  Investment  company,  the 
Federal  Steel  company,  the  General  Electric  com 
pany,  the  Madison  Square  Garden  company,  and 
the  Metropolitan  Opera  House  company.  His  gifts 
include  $2,000.000  to  the  University  of  the  South 
(1902)  :  $1,000.000  to  the  Harvard  Medical  school  ; 
$1,350,000  for  a  lying-in  hospital  near  St.  George's 
church.  N.  Y.  ;  $500,000  to  St.  John's  cathedral ; 
$100.000  to  the  Young  Men's  Christian  associa 
tion  ;  $500.000  to  the  Loornis  hospital  for  con 
sumptives  :  $100,000  for  a  library  in  Holyoke, 
Mass.  ;  $125.000  for  preserving  the  palisades  along 
the  Hudson  river  ;  $'300.000  for  aiiew  Parish  house 
and  rectory  for  St.  George's  church  ;  $500.000  to 
the  New  York  Trades  Training  school,  and  many 
other  large  benefactions.  He  contributed  largely 
to  the  Galveston  Relief  fund  ;  to  the  Queen  Vic 
toria  memorial  fund,  and  presented  to  the  Met 


ropolitan  Museum  of  Art  a  rare  collection  of 
Greek  ornaments  valued  at  $200,000.  He  was  one 
of  the  chief  patrons  in  the  international  yachting 
contests  for  the  America's  cup  ;  was  commodore 
of  the  New  York  yacht  club,  and  owner  of  the 
steam-yacht  Corsair,  one  of  the  largest  and  finest 
pleasure  boats  afloat,  which  he  presented  to  the 
government  for  use  during  the  war  with  Spain. 
He  was  twice  married:  first,  Oct.  7, 1861,  to  Amelia, 
daughter  of  Jonathan  and  Mary  Pemberton  (Cody) 
Sturges,  of  New  York;  and  secondly,  May  31, 
1865,  to  Frances  Louisa,  daughter  of  Charles  and 
Louisa  (Kirkland)  Stacy.  In  January,  1902,  he 
purchased  for  $500,000  Raphael's  famous  "  Ma 
donna  of  St.  Anthony  of  Padua  "  from  the  heirs 
of  King  Ferdinand  II.  of  Naples  ;  and  in  the  same 
year  he  was  made  an  officer  of  the  Legion  of 
Honor  of  France. 

MORGAN,  John  Tyler,  senator,  was  born  in 
Athens,  Tenn.,  June  20,  1824  ;  son  of  George  and 
Frances  Irby  Morgan  and  grandson  of  Gideon 
Morgan,  a  merchant.  His  mother  was  a  relative 
of  Chancellor  Tyler  of  Virginia.  His  parents  re 
moved  to  Alabama  in 
1833,  settling  in  Cal- 
houn  county,  where 
he  studied  law  in  the 
office  of  William  P. 
Chilton  in  Talladega, 
and  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1845.  He 
Was  married  Feb.  11, 
1846,  to  Cornelia, 
daughter  of  Joshua 
Willis,  a  merchant  of 
Madison  county,  Ala. 
He  practised  in  Tal 
ladega,  1845-55,  and 
then  removed  to  Dal 
las  county,  practising 

first  in  Selma  and  afterward  in  Cahaba.  He 
was  presidential  elector  on  the  Breckinridge 
ticket  in  1860,  and  a  delegate  from  Dallas  county 
to  the  state  convention  which  passed  the  or 
dinance  of  secession  in  1861.  He  joined  the 
Confederate  army  as  a  private  in  the  Cahaba 
Rifles,  was  commissioned  major  of  the  5th  Ala 
bama  regiment  in  April,  1861,  promoted  lieu 
tenant-colonel,  and  served  in  Virginia  for  a  year. 
He  was  promoted  colonel  in  April,  1862,  and  re 
turning  to  Alabama  raised  the  51st  Alabama 
cavalry,  which  he  liberally  aided  in  equipping.  In 
the  fall  of  1862  here-entered  the  service  with  this 
regiment,  first  in  Forrest's  and  then  in  Wheeler's 
division.  Army  of  the  Tennessee,  and  took  part  in 
the  battle  of  Stone's  River.  He  was  soon  after 
assigned  to  the  head  of  a  conscription  bureau  in 
Alabama  and  Lieutenant-Colonel  Webb  succeeded 
to  the  command  of  his  regiment.  He  was  com- 


[559] 


MORGAN 


MORGAN 


missioned  brigadier-general  at  the  request  of 
Gen.  Robert  E.  Lee  after  the  battle  of  Chancel- 
lorsville,  May  1-4,  1863,  and  given  the  command 
of  Rhodes's  brigade.  On  reaching  Richmond  and 
hearing  of  the  death  of  Colonel  Webb  of  the  51st 
Alabama  cavalry,  lie  declined  the  promotion  and 
returned  to  the  command  of  the  regiment.  He 
commanded  the  1st  brigade.  Martin's  division, 
Wheeler's  cavalry  corps,  at  Chickamauga,  Sept. 
19-20,  1863.  He  was  promoted  brigadier-general 
a  second  time  in  November,  1863,  placed  in  com 
mand  of  the  1st,  3d,  4th,  7th  and  51st  Alabama 
cavalry,  and  commanded  a  division  of  Wheeler's 
cavalry  at  Knoxvillo,  Nov.  17-Dec.  4,  1863.  He 
was  afterward  engaged  in  the  Atlanta  cam 
paign  under  Generals  Johnston  and  Hood  in  the 
protection  of  the  flank  of  the  Confederate  army, 
and  continued  with  Wheeler's  cavalry  on  de 
tached  service  until  the  surrender  of  Johnston's 
army.  He  resumed  practice  in  Selma,  Ala.,  in 
1865,  and  was  a  presidential  elector  on  the  Tildeii 
and  Hendricks  ticket  in  1876.  He  was  elected  to 
the  United  States  senate  as  a  Democrat  in  1876, 
and  was  re-elected  in  1882,  1888,  1894  and  1900. 
While  in  the  senate  he  served  as  chairman  of  the 
committee  on  foreign  affairs,  1893  ;  was  appointed 
with  Justice  John  M.  Harlan  arbitrator  on  the 
Bering  sea  fisheries  by  President  Harrison  in 
1892,  and  was  one  of  the  commissioners  to  organ 
ize  the  government  in  Hawaii  after  the  passage  of 
the  annexation  bill  by  President  McKinley  in 
July,  1898. 

MORGAN,  Junius  Spencer,  banker,  was  born 
at  West  Springfield,  Mass.,  April  14,  1813  ;  son  of 
Joseph  and  Sally  (Spencer)  Morgan  ;  grandson  of 
Samuel  and  Martha  (Eells)  Spencer.  His  parents 
removed  to  Hartford,  Conn.,  in  1817,  and  Junius 
attended  the  public  school,  and  was  a  cadet,  1825- 
28,  at  Capt.  Alden  Partridge's  military  academy 
(now  Norwich  university),  Vt.  He  was  em 
ployed  as  a  clerk  in  a  dry  goods  store  in  Hart 
ford,  and  in  the  banking  house  of  Morgan,  Ketch- 
urn  &  Co.,  of  New  York,  1834-36.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  governor's  foot  guards,  1838-41. 
He  was  junior  partner  of  the  firm  of  Howe, 
Mather  &  Co.,  dry  goods  merchants,  Hartford, 
Conn.,  1836-51,  and  then  removed  to  Boston, 
Mass.,  where  with  James  M.  Bee  be  he  founded 
the  dry  goods  establishment  of  J.  M.  Beebe, 
Morgan  &  Co.  He  visited  England  in  1853,  and 
in  1854  severed  his  connection  with  the  Boston 
firm  to  enter  into  partnership  with  George  Pea- 
body  &  Co.,  bankers,  in  London.  Mr.  Peabody 
retired  from  the  business  in  1864,  and  the  firm 
became  J.  S.  Morgan  &  Co.  While  on  a  visit  to  the 
United  States  in  1877,  Mr.  Morgan  was  given  a 
dinner  in  New  York  city  in  recognition  of  his 
action  in  upholding  the  foreign  credit  of  Ameri 
can  institutions.  He  gave  large  sums  of  money 


to  charity  and  to  educational  institutions,  includ 
ing  $50,000  to  Trinity  college,  and  $25.000  to 
the  Orphan  asylum,  Hartford,  in  1886,  in  memory 
of  his  mother  ;  and  subscribed  $100,000  for  a  free 
public  library  iu  Hartford  on  condition  that  a 
building  fund  amounting  to  $400,000  should  be 
raised.  He  gave  a  large  painting  by  Sir  Joshua 
Reynolds  to  the  Metropolitan  Museum  of  Art  in 
New  York  city  in  1887  ;  a  collection  of  early 
editions  of  Virgil,  valued  at  $50.000,  to  Princeton 
university  in  1896,  and  a  complete  series  of 
fac-similes  of  manuscripts  in  London,  relating 
to  America  from  1763  to  1783,  to  Yale  uni 
versity.  He  left  a  fortune  of  nearly  $10,000,000 
at  his  death,  and  bequeathed  large  sums  to 
relatives,  partners  and  servants.  He  was  mar 
ried.  May  2,  1836,  to  Juliet,  daughter  of  the  Rev. 
John  and  Mary  (Lord)  Pierpont,  of  Boston,  Mass. 
He  died  in  Monte  Carlo,  Monaco,  April  8,  1890. 

MORGAN,  Lewis  Henry,  anthropologist,  WMS 
born  in  Aurora,  N.  Y.,  Nov.  21,  1818:  son  of  the 
Hon.  Jedediah  and  Harriet  (Steele)  Smith  Mor 
gan  ;  grandson  of  Thomas  and  Sarah  (Leeds) 
Morgan  and  of  Lemuel  Steele,  and  a  descendant 
of  James  and  Margery  (Hill)  Morgan,  New  Lon 
don.  Conn.,  1650.  He  was  graduated  at  Union 
college  in  1840,  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  and  set 
tled  in  practice  in  Rochester,  N.Y.,  in  1842.  Ho 
was  married,  Aug.  13,  1851,  to  Mary  Elizabeth, 
daughter  of  Lemuel  Steele.  of  Albany,  N.  Y.  He 
retired  from  practice  in  1S64  to  devote  himself  to 
scientific  pursuits.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
state  assembly  in  1861,  and  a  state  senator,  1868-70- 
He  began  to  study  the  native  Indian  tribes, 
especially  the  Six  Nations,  in  1844,  and  joined  the 
Grand  Order  of  the  Iroquois,  a  secret  organiza 
tion,  which  enabled  him  to  make  a  special  study 
of  their  civil  and  domestic  relations.  He  was 
adopted  by  a  tribe  of  Senecas,  and  while  living 
with  them  examined  and  surveyed  many  of  the 
traces  of  ancient  Indian  occupation  in  western 
New  York.  He  urged  the  formation  of  a  museum 
of  Indian  antiquities  to  illustrate  the  aboriginal 
era  of  American  history  by  the  University  of  the 
City  of  New  York,  in  1848,  and  contributed  papers 
and  aboriginal  utensils  and  relics  to  the  state 
museum.  He  made  a  study  of  the  Ojibway  In 
dians  while  at  Marquette.  Midi.,  in  1858,  and 
found  that  the  society  and  government  of  this 
tribe  was  similar  to  the  Iroquois.  This  induced 
him  to  continue  his  investigations,  and  with  the 
aid  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution,  agents  of  the 
department  of  state  and  others  who  became  in 
terested  in  the  matter,  he  succeeded  in  recording 
the  kinship  systems  of  more  than  four-fifths  of 
the  world.  The  result  of  his  researches  was 
published  by  the  Smithsonian  Institution  as 
"  Systems  of  Consanguinity  and  Affinity  of  the 
Human  Family  "  (1869).  He  also  wrote  a  second 


[500] 


MORGAN 


volume,  "  Ancient  Society  "  (1877),  the  result  of 
his  research  on  tribal  society.  He  was  called  the 
"Father  of  American  Anthropology."  He  be 
came  a  member  of  the  National  Academy  of 
Sciences,  1875  ;  'president  of  the  American  Asso 
ciation  for  the  Advancement  of  Science,  1879,  and 
a  member  of  other  American  and  European  scien 
tific  societies.  He  received  the  honorary  degree 
LL.D.  from  Union  college  in  1873  ;  contributed 
a  series  of  "Letters  on  the  Iroquois "  to  the 
American  Review  over  the  signature  "  Skenan- 
doah  "  (1847),  and  is  the  author  of  :  The  League  of 
the  Iroquois  (1851) ;  Tlie  American  Beaver  and  his 
Works  (1868)  and  Houses  and  House  Life  of  the 
American  Aborigines  (1881).  He  died  in  Roch 
ester.  N.  Y.,  Dec.  17,  1881. 

MORGAN,  Matthew  Somerville,  artist,  was 
born  in  London,  England,  April  27,  1839 ;  son  of 
Matthew  and  Mary  (Somerville)  Morgan,  both  of 
whom  were  actors.  He  was  a  scene  painter  in 
Princess's  theatre,  London,  for  a  time,  and  later 
artist  and  correspondent  of  the  Illustrated  London 
News  in  Rome,  Italy.  He  studied  art  in  Paris, 
Italy  and  Spain  ;  made  a  journey  into  Africa  by 
the  French  Algeria  route  in  1858,  and  served  as 
war  correspondent  of  k\\&  Illustrated  London  News 
during  the  Austro-Italian  war  in  1859.  He  was 
proprietor  and  joint  editor  of  the  London  Toma 
hawk,  a  comic  paper,  and  made  a  series  of  cartoons 
ridiculing  the  royal  family.  He  was  one  of  the 
founders  of  London  Fun,  and  was  the  principal 
scene  painter  at  Co  vent  Garden  during  the  run  of 
Italian  opera,  1867-69.  He  came  to  the  United 
States  in  1870  as  cartoonist  and  caricaturist  for 
Frank  Leslie's  Ilhistrated  Newspaper.  He  was 
manager  of  a  theatrical  poster  lithographic  es 
tablishment  at  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  1880-85,  and 
organized  in  Cincinnati  the  Matt  Morgan  Art 
Pottery  company  in  1883,  and  the  Cincinnati 
Art  Students'  league.  He  returned  to  New  York 
city  and  opened  a  studio  as  a  scene  painter  and 
illustrator.  He  painted  pictures  for  Roman 
Catholic  churches,  several  panoramic  views  of 
the  civil  war.  exhibited  in  Cincinnati  in  1886,  and 
at  the  time  of  his  death  was  finishing  scenery  for 
Madison  Square  Garden,  New  York.  He  con 
tributed  to  the  exhibitions  of  the  Water-Color  so 
ciety.  He  published  American  War  Cartoons 
(1874).  He  died  in  New  York  city,  June  2,  1890. 

MORGAN,  Michael  Ryan,  soldier,  was  born  in 
Nova  Scotia,  Jan.  18,  1833,  ;  son  of  James  Ryan 
and  Mary  (McGrath)  Morgan.  He  attended 
school  in  New  Orleans,  was  graduated  from  the 
U.  S.  Military  academy  in  1854,  was  promoted  3d 
lieutenant  of  3d  artillery,  July  1,  1854,  served  on 
garrison  duty,  1854-56,  was  promoted  1st  lieuten 
ant,  Nov.  11,  1856,  and  served  on  the  Spokane 
expedition.  Washington,  1858.  He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Harper's  Ferry  expedition  to  suppress 


John  Brown's  raid  in  1859,  and  was  in  garrison  at 
the  artillery  school  for  practice,  Fort  Monroe, 
Va.,  1859-61.  Upon  the  outbreak  of  the  civil  war 
he  declined  promotion  to  the  rank  of  captain  of 
the  llth  infantry,  was  promoted  captain  of  staff 
and  commissary  of  subsistence,  Aug.  3,  1861,  and 
was  chief  of  commissariat  to  the  Port  Royal  ex 
pedition,  S.  C.,  Aug.  12,  1861,  and  of  the  Depart 
ment  of  the  South,  March  31,  1862,  to  May  1, 

1864,  with  the  rank  of  lieutenant-colonel  on  the 
staff  of  the  10th  army  corps.     He  was  present  at 
Morris  Island  during  the  operations  against  Forts 
Sumter,   Wagner    and    Gregg,  July-November, 
1863.     He  was  chief  of  commissariat  of  the  10th 
army  corps  in   1864,   and  was  brevetted  major, 
lieutenant-colonel  and  colonel,  July  6,  1864,  "  for 
distinguished  services  as    chief  commissary  of 
subsistence  of  the  armies  operating  in  the  cam 
paign   of  1864  before  Richmond,  Va."     He  en 
gaged  in  the  Battle  of  Bermuda  Hundred,   the 
siege  of  Petersburg,  the  combat  of  Chapin's  Farm, 
the  engagements  before  Petersburg,  and  in  the 
pursuit   of  the   Confederate    army,  terminating 
April  9,  1865,  on  the  staff  of  Lieutenant-General 
Grant.     He  was  brevetted  brigadier-general,  U. 
S.  A.,  April  9,  1865,  "  for  gallant  and  meritorious 
services  during  the  campaign  terminating  with 
the  surrender  of  the  insurgent  army  under  Gen. 
R.  E.  Lee."     He  was  lieutenant-colonel,  ex  offlcio, 
June  6  to  Dec.  29,  1865,  serving  as  inspector  of 
the  subsistence  department  at  the  headquarters 
of  the  armies  of  the  United  States,  June  6-Aug. 
26,  1865  ;  was  depot  commissary  at  Fort  Leaven- 
worth,   Kan.,  1865-66;  was   promoted   major  of 
staff  and  commissary  of  subsistence,   Nov.    17, 

1865,  and  served  as  chief  of  commissariat,  De 
partment  of  the  Missouri,  1866-73.     He  was  pro 
moted  lieutenant-colonel  Aug.  28,   1888,  colonel 
and  assistant  commissary-general,  July  14,  1890, 
and    brigadier-general    and  commissary-general 
of  subsistence,  Oct.  8,  1894.     He  was  retired  as 
brigadier-general  U.  S.  army,  Jan.    18,  1897,  and 
removed    to  St.  Paul,  Minn.,  where  he  was  re 
siding  in  1902. 

MORGAN,  Miles,  soldier,  was  born  in  Llan- 
daff ,  Wales,  in  April,  1616  ;  son  of  William  Morgan, 
who  removed  from  Llandaff  to  Bristol,  England, 
previous  to  1635,  and  became  a  merchant.  Miles 
emigrated  from  Bristol  to  America  in  March,  1636, 
and  reached  Boston,  Mass.,  the  following  April. 
He  joined  the  party  led  by  William  Pynchon  in 
May,  1636.  which  started  from  Roxbury,  Mass., 
and  founded  the  settlement  at  Springfield,  Mass. 
In  conjunction  with  Col.  John  Pynchon  he  built 
a  brick  house  and  stockade  in  1660.  He  took 
part  in  King  Philip's  War,  and  on  Oct.  16,  1675, 
at  the  massacre  of  the  inhabitants  of  Springfield 
by  the  Indians,  the  survivors  took  refuge  in  this 
house  and  stockade  until  Col.  John  Pynchon  with 

501] 


MORGAN 


MORGAN 


his  troops  could  arrive  from  Had  ley,  other  aid 
coming  from  Boston.  He  was  married  about 
1643  to  Prudence  Gilbert  of  Beverly,  Mass.,  who 
was  a  fellow  passenger  with  him  from  England. 
He  found  means  to  send  a  proposal  to  her  at  Bev 
erly,  where  she  had  settled  with  friends,  and  on 
being  accepted,  went  to  Beverly  on  foot  accom 
panied  by  an  Indian  guide.  They  were  married 
and  made  the  journey  back  on  foot  with  such 
relief  as  could  be  obtained  from  one  horse  laden 
with  household  goods.  The  Indian  headed  the 
party,  Captain  Morgan,  with  a  loaded  blunderbuss 
pointed  at  the  Indian,  came  next,  and  then  the 
bride  leading  the  horse.  After  the  death  of  his 
first  wife,  he  was  married  secondly,  Feb.  15, 
1670.  to  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Thomas  Bliss  of 
Springfield,  Mass.  He  was  the  father  of  eight 
children.  The  citizens  of  Springfield  erected,  in 

1879,  a  bronze  statue  to  commemorate  his  services. 
He  died  in  Springfield,  Mass.,  May  28,  1699. 

MORGAN,  Philip  Hicky,  diplomatist,  was 
born  in  Baton  Rouge,  La.,  Nov.  9,  1825  ;  son  of 
the  Hon.  Thomas  Gibber  and  Eliza  Anne  (Mc- 
Kennan)  Morgan  ;  grandson  of  Gen.  John  Mor 
gan  ;  great-grandson  of  Col.  George  Morgan  of 
the  Revolutionary  army,  and  a  descendant  of 
David  Morgan  of  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in  New  Orleans,  La.,  in  1847  ; 
served  as  a  volunteer  lieutenant  in  the  Mexican 
war,  and  practised  in  New  Orleans,  1847-54. 
He  was  married,  May  22,  1852,  to  Beatrice  Les 
lie,  daughter  of  James  and  Charlotte  (Suther 
land)  Ford  of  Baton  Rouge.  He  was  judge  of  the 
New  Orleans  district  court,  1855-61,  and  prac 
tised  law  in  New  Orleans,  1861-61.  He  was  U.S. 
district  attorney  for  the  eastern  district  of  Loui 
siana,  1865-72  ;  justice  of  the  Louisiana  supreme 
court.  1873-77  ;  represented  the  United  Slates  on 
the  international  court  of  appeal  in  Egypt,  consti 
tuted  Jan.  30.  1876.  1877-80,  declining  re-ap 
pointment,  and  was  U.S.  minister  to  Mexico  by 
appointment  from  President  Hayes  from  Jan.  26, 

1880,  to  March  23,  1885.     He  then  practised  law  in 
New  York  city  until  his  death,  Aug.  18.  1900. 

MORGAN,  Thomas  Jefferson,  soldier  and 
educationist,  was  born  in  Franklin,  Ind.,  Aug. 
17.1839;  son  of  Lewis  and  Mary  (Causey)  Mor 
gan,  and  grandson  of  Adonijah  Morgan.  His 
father  was  a  Baptist  clergyman  and  a  founder  of 
Franklin  college.  He  matriculated  at  Franklin 
college,  but  left  in  1861  to  eidist  in  the  7th  In 
diana  infantry  ;  and  in  August.  1862.  was  commis 
sioned  1st  lieutenant  in  the  70th  Indiana  regi 
ment,  Col.  Benjamin  Harrison.  He  subsequently 
recruited  the  14th,  42d  and  44th  U.S.  colored  in 
fantry,  and  became  successively  major,  lieu 
tenant-colonel  and  colonel.  He  commanded  the 
first  colored  brigade  organized  in  the  Army  of 
the  Cumberland  under  Gen.  George  H.  Thomas, 


and  also  served  for  a  time  on  the  staff  of  Gen. 
O.  O.  Howard  commanding  the  4th  army  corps. 
He  had  two  horses  shot  under  him  in  battle,  and 
was  brevetted  brigadier-general  for  his  gallantry 
at  the  battle  of  Nashville.  GeneYal  Howard  gave 
him  the  credit  of  saving  Sherman's  army  from  dis 
aster  at  Resaca.  He  was  graduated  from  the  Roch 
ester  Theological  seminary,  1868,  and  was  sec 
retary  of  the  New  York  Baptist  Union  for  Minis 
terial  Education,  1869-72.  In  1870  he  married 
Caroline,  daughter  of  the  Hon.  Frederick  Starr 
of  Rochester,  N.Y.  He  was  professor  of  homi- 
letics  and  church  history  in  the  Baptist  Union 
Theological  seminary,  Chicago,  111.,  1872-79; 
and  later  principal  of  state  normal  schools  at 
Potsdam,  N.Y.,  and  Providence,  R.I.  He  served 
as  U.S.  commissioner 
of  Indian  affairs  un 
der  President  Harri 
son,  1889-93,  during 
which  time  he  broke 
up  the  Indian  con 
tract  school  system  ; 
secured  civil  service 
rules  to  manj'  posi 
tions  in  the  Indian 
service,  and  increased 
the  school  attendance 
from  16.000  to  21,000. 
In  1893  he  accepted 
the  secretaryship  of 
the  American  Baptist 
Home  Mission  society, 
which  office  he  still  held  in  1902.  He  received 
the  honorary  degree  of  D.D.  from  the  University 
of  Chicago,  and  that  of  LL.D.  from  Franklin  col 
lege,  Indiana.  He  became  an  overseer  of  the  cor 
poration  of  Columbian  university,  Washington. 
D.C.,  in  1889.  He  is  the  author  of:  Studies  in 
Pedagogy,  Patriotic  Citizenship  and  The  Negro  in 
America.  He  died  at  Yonkers,  N.  Y. ,  July  13, 1902. 
MORGAN,  William,  painter,  was  born  in  Lon 
don,  England,  in  1828.  His  father  was  a  London 
tradesman  of  means ,  and  he  studied  art  under 
Couture  in  Paris,  1844-45.  Wearying  of  studio 
life  he  shipped  as  a  sailor,  and  finally  settled  in 
New  York  city,  where  he  secured  employ 
ment  as  a  draughtsman.  He  pursued  the  study 
of  art  in  the  National  Academy  of  Design 
and  subsequently  returned  to  painting  as  a 
means  of  support.  He  became  an  associate  of 
the  National  Academy  of  Design  in  1863,  and 
subsequently  a  member  of  the  Artists'  Fund  so 
ciety.  He  made  a  specialty  of  genre  pictures  and 
his  more  important  works  include  :  Emancipa 
tion  (1868)  :  The  Legend  (1875)  :  Song  ivithout 
Words  (1876)  :  Motherhood  (1882)  ;  Reverie 
(1882)  :  In  the  Hay-Loft  (1882)  :  Summer'  (1883); 
The  Sortie  (1884)  ;  Andante  (1885)  ;  Blowing 


[502] 


MORGAN 


MORLEY 


nubbles  (1886)  ;  La  MandoJinata  (1887)  :  Vespers, 
Springtime  and  Dolce  far  Xiente.  He  died  in 
New  York  city.  June  10.  11)00. 

MORGAN,  William  Ferdinand,  clergyman, 
was  born  in  Hartford.  Conn.,  Dec.  21,  1816  ;  son 
of  Denisonand  Ursula  (Brainard)  Morgan  ;  grand 
son  of  Capt.  William  Avery  and  Lydia  (Smith) 
Morgan,  and  of  John  Brainard  of  Haddam,  Conn., 
and  a  descendant  of  James  and  Marjory  (Hill) 
Morgan.  He  was  graduated  at  Union  college, 
1837,  and  at  the  General  Theological  seminary, 
New  York  city,  in  1840.  He  was  ordered  deacon 
in  1841,  ordained  priest  in  1842,  and  was  assistant 
to  the  Rev.  Dr.  Croswell  at  Trinity  church,  New 
Haven,  Conn.,  1841-44.  He  was  married,  Aug.  6, 
1844,  to  Catharine,  daughter  of  Amos  and  Cath 
arine  (At water)  Trowbridge  of  New  Haven, 
Conn.  He  was  rector  of  Christ  church,  Norwich, 
Conn.,  1844-57  ;  of  St.  Thomas's  church,  New 
York  city,  1857-88,  and  was  made  rector  emeritus 
in  April,  1888.  lie  went  to  Paris  in  1864  to 
preach  the  consecration  sermon  of  the  Church  of 
the  Holy  Trinity,  the  first  Protestant  Episcopal 
church  established  in  Europe,  and  during  his  pas 
torate  at  St.  Thomas's  built  a  free  chapel  at  a 
cost  of  $40.000.  He  received  the  degree  D.D. 
from  Columbia  in  1857.  He  died  in  New  York 
city.  May  11).  1SSS. 

MORGAN,  William  S.,  representative,  was 
born  in  Monongalia  county,  Va..  Sept.  7.  1801  ; 
son  of  Stephen  (1781-1849)  and  Sarah  (Summer- 
ville)  Morgan  :  grandson  of  David  (b.  1721)  and 
Sarah  (Stevens)  Morgan;  great-grandson  of  Col. 
Morgan  and  Catharine  (Garretson)  Morgan.  Col. 
Morgan  Morgan  was  born  in  Wales,  educated  in 
London  in  the  reign  of  William  III.  ;  came  to 
Christiana,  Del.,  where  he  married,  and  was  later 
rector  of  a  church  in  Winchester,  Va.  William 
S.  Morgan  pursued  a  course  of  study  by  himself, 
engaged  in  farming  at  White  Day,  Va. ,  and  was 
a  Democratic  representative  in  the  24th  and  25th 
congresses,  1885-39.  He  was  chairman  of  the 
committee  on  Revolutionary  pensions  and  de 
clined  re-election  to  the  20th  congress.  He  was 
clerk  of  the  U.  S.  house  of  representatives  in 
1840,  a  representative  in  the  Virginia  legislature, 
1840-41,  declined  re-election,  and  was  a  presi 
dential  elector  on  the  Polk  and  Dallas  ticket  in 
1844.  He  was  a  naturalist  of  some  celebrity  and 
was  employed  in  the  Smithsonian  Institution 
until  shortly  before  his  death  in  1876. 

MORISON,  George  Shattuck,  engineer,  was 
born  in  New  Bedford.  Mass.,  Dec.  19,  1842  ;  son  of 
the  Rev.  John  Hopkins  and  Emily  (Rogers)  Mori- 
son  ;  grandson  of  Nathaniel  and  Mary  Ann 
(Hopkins)  M orison,  and  a  descendant  of  John 
Morison.  He  was  graduated  from  Harvard.  A.B., 
1863,  A.M.,  and  LL.B.,  1866,  and  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  New  York  city  in  1866.  He  was  a 


civil  engineer  at  Kansas  City,  1867-71,  and  in 
Michigan  and  Indiana,  1871-73.  He  was  em 
ployed  in  New  York  city  on  the  Erie  railway, 
1873-75,  and  subsequently  in  general  practice, 
and  also  had  an  office  in  Chicago,  where  he 
resided  1887-98.  He  was  chief  engineer  of  the 
bridge  across  the  Ohio  river  aP  Cairo,  111.,  and  of 
that  across  the  Mississippi  river  at  Memphis,  Tenn. 
He  also  constructed  four  other  bridges  across  the 
Mississippi  and  ten  across  the  Missouri.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  board  of  engineers  to  determine 
the  greatest  practical  length  of  span  for  the 
bridge  across  the  Hudson  River  in  1894  ;  a  mem 
ber  of  the  board  of  consulting  engineers,  Depart 
ment  of  Docks,  New  York  city,  1895-97  ;  of  the 
board  to  locate  a  deep  water  harbor  in  southern 
California,  1896-97,  and  of  the  Isthmian  Canal 
commission,  1899-1901.  He  was  president  of  the 
American  Society  of  Civil  Engineers  in  1895,  and 
was  elected  a  Fellow  of  the  American  Academy 
of  Arts  and  Sciences. 

MORLEY,  Edward  Williams,  educator,  was 
born  in  Newark,  N.J.,  Jan.  29,  1838  ;  son  of  the 
Rev.  Sardis  Brewster  and  Anna  Clarissa  (Treat) 

Morley  ;  grandson  of  Abnerand (Gibson)  Mor- 

"ley  and  of  Salah  and  Anna  (Williams)  Treat,  and  a 
descendant  of  Able  Morley,  who  settled  at  West- 
field,  Mass.,  about  1650.  He  was  graduated  at 
Williams  college,  Mass.,  A.B.,  1860,  A.M.,  1863. 
He  was  married,  Dec.  24,  1868,  to  Isabella  A., 
daughter  of  James  Birdsall  of  Hillsdale,  N.YT., 
and  was  elected  professor  of  chemistry  and  geo 
logy  in  Adelbert  college  of  Western  Reserve 
university,  Ohio,  in  1869.  He  was  also  professor 
of  chemistry  in  the  Cleveland  Medical  college, 
1873-88.  He  made  many  original  researches, 
both  alone  and  in  company  with  Prof.  Albert  A. 
Michelson  (q.v.).  He  was  vice-president  of  the 
chemistry  section  of  the  American  Association 
for  the  Advancement  of  Science  in  1883,  and 
president  of  the  same  in  1895;  a  member  of  the 
National  Academy  of  Sciences  and  an  associate 
member  of  the  American  Academy  of  Arts  and 
Sciences  of  Boston,  Mass.  He  received  the  honor 
ary  degrees  :  M.D.  from  the  Cleveland  Medical 
college  in  1877,  Ph.  D.  from  the  University  of 
Wooster  in  1878,  and  LL.D.  from  Adelbert  col 
lege  in  1891.  and  from  Williams  college  in  1901. 
He  accumulated  a  chemical  library  containing 
the  most  complete  tiles  of  chemical  journals  in 
the  United  States.  lie  contributed  Atomic 
Weight  of  Oxygen  to  the  "Smithsonian  Contri 
butions  of  Knowledge"  (1895). 

MORLEY,  Frank,  educator,  was  born  in  Wood- 
bridge,  Suffolk,  England,  Sept.  9,  1860;  son  of 
Joseph  Roberts  and  Elizabeth  (Muskett)  Morley, 
and  grandson  of  William  and  Hannah  (Knight) 
Morley.  He  attended  the  grammar  school  at 
Woodbridge  and  was  graduated  from  King's  col- 


[5C3] 


MORLEY 


MOltttIL 


lege.  Cambridge,  England,  A.B.,  1883,  A.M.,  1886, 
Sc.D. ,  1898.  He  was  a  master  in  Bath  college, 
England,  1884-87  ;  instructor  in  Haverford  col 
lege,  Pa.,  1887-88,  and  professor  of  pure  mathe 
matics,  1888-1900.  In  1900  he  was  appointed 
professor  of  pure  mathematics  at  Johns  Hopkins 
university,  succeefling  Dr.  Thomas  Craig.  He  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  American  Mathematical 
society,  the  American  Philosophical  society  and 
the  London  Mathematical  society.  He  was  mar 
ried,  July  11,  1889,  to  Lillian  Janet,  daughter  of 
James  and  Elizabeth  Jane  (Clay)  Bird.  He  pub 
lished  with  Professor  Harkness,  of  Bryn  Mawr  col 
lege,  a  Treatise  on  the  Theory  of  Functions  (1893) ; 
and  Introduction  to  the  Theory  of  Analytic.  Func 
tions  (1898), besides  many  mathematical  memoirs, 
principally  on  geometry. 

MORLEY,  John  Henry,  clergyman  and  edu 
cator,  was  born  in  Hartford,  Conn.,  Jan.  '6,  1840  ; 
son  of  the  Rev.  Sardis  Brewster  and  Anna  Cla 
rissa  (Treat)  Morley.  He  attended  the  common 
schools  of  Hartford,  Conn.,  and  Attleboro,  Mass., 
and  prepared  for  college  under  his  father.  He 
was  graduated  from  Williams  college,  A.B.,  1863, 
and  A.M.,  1866.  and  from  the  Andover  Theolo 
gical  seminary  in  1866.  He  was  ordained  to  the 
Congregational  ministry,  Jan.  2,  1867,  at  Mag 
nolia,  Iowa  ;  was  pastor  there,  1867-68  ;  was  mar 
ried,  Oct.  12,  1871,  to  Edith  Theodisa  Johnson  ; 
was  pastor  at  Sioux  City.  Iowa,  1867-76 ;  at  Wi- 
nona,  Minn.,  1876-83  ;  at  St.  Paul,  Minn.,  1883-84, 
and  was  superintendent  of  the  Congregational 
Home  Missionary  society  for  Minnesota,  1884-99. 
He  was  elected  in  1900  president  of  Fargo  college, 
Dak.,  and  the  same  year  received  from  Williams 
college  the  honorary  degree  of  LL.D. 

MORPHIS,  Joseph  Lewis,  representative,  was 
born  in  McNairy  county,  Tenn.,  April  17,  1831  ; 
grandson  of  Joseph  Morphis.  a  soldier  in  the  Rev 
olution.  He  was  left  an  orphan  at  an  early  age, 
and  was  brought  up  as  a  planter.  He  represented 
McNairy  county  in  the  Tennessee  legislature  as  a 
Whig  in  1859  ;  entered  the  Confederate  army  as 
captain  in  1861,  and  removed  his  family  to  Pon- 
totoc,  Miss.,  in  1863.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
state  constitutional  convention  in  1865 ;  repre 
sented  Pontotoc  county  in  the  Mississippi  legis 
lature,  1866-68,  and  was  a  Republican  representa 
tive  from  the  second  congressional  district  of 
Mississippi  in  the  41st  and  42d  congresses,  serving 
from  Feb.  28,  1870,  to  March  3,  1873.  He  was 
U.  S.  marshall  for  the  northern  district  of  Missis 
sippi,  1877-85.  In  1890  he  was  licensed  as  a 
trader  on  the  Osage  Indian  reservation  and  was 
still  engaged  in  that  business  in  1902. 

MORRELL,  Daniel  Johnson,  representative, 
was  born  in  North  Berwick,  Maine,  Aug.  8,  1821. 
His  parents  were  members  of  the  Society  of 
Friends,  and  after  receiving  a  common  school 


education  Daniel  removed  to  Philadelphia  and 
engaged  in  business  as  a  merchant.  He  was 
manager  of  the  Cambria  Iron  Works  at  Johns 
town,  Pa.,  1855-84.  This  concern  manufactured 
iron  rails,  1855-71,  and  in  1871  was  one  of  the  first 
to  manufacture  Bessemer  steel  rails.  He  was  a 
Republican  representative  in  the  40th  and  41st 
congresses,  1867-71  ;  was  chairman  of  the  stand 
ing  committee  011  manufactures  ;  introduced,  on 
March  9,  1870.  a  bill  to  provide  for 'the  celebra 
tion  at  Philadelphia  of  the  one  hundredth 
anniversary  of  American  Independence  ;  was 
chairman  of  the  executive  committee  of  the 
centennial  commission  ;  a  commissioner  to  the 
Paris  exposition  of  1878,  and  president  of  the 
American  Iron  and  Steel  association.  He  died  in 
Johnstown,  Pa.,  Aug.  20,  1885. 

MORRELL,  Imogene  Robinson,  artist,  was 
born  in  Attleboro,  Mass.  ;  daughter  of  Otis  and 
Sarah  Dean  (Raymond)  Robinson  ;  granddaughter 
of  Col.  Obed  Robinson,  of  the  Revolutionary 
army,  and  of  Ephriam  Raymond,  of  Norton, 
Mass.  ;  great-granddaughter  of  Josiah  Dean  (1748- 
1818),  representative  from  Massachusetts  in  the 
10th  congress,  and  a  descendant  from  Elder 
Robinson.  She  studied  painting  at  Newark, 
N.J.,  and  subsequently  in  New  York  city  ;  taught 
the  art  at  Cliarlestown  and  Auburndale,  Mass., 
and  in  1856  studied  in  Diisseldorf,  Germany, 
under  Adolf  Schroedter  and  Camphausen.  She 
also  studied  in  Paris  under  Francois  Louis  Fran- 
gais  and  Thomas  Couture,  1864-74.  As  Imogene 
Robinson  she  had  twelve  medals  for  art  works. 
She  was  married  in  1869  to  Col.  Abram  Morrell. 
She  established  the  National  Academy  of  Fine 
Arts  in  Washington,  D.C.,  in  1879,  and  was  a 
teacher  in  Washington  for  several  years.  Her 
more  famous  paintings  are  :  "  The  First  Battle  of 
the  Puritans"  and  ''  Washington  Welcoming  the 
Provision  Trains  at  Ne \vburg,  N.Y.,  in  1778,"  on 
canvas  nine  feet  long  (1874)  ,  awarded  medals  at 
the  Centennial  in  Philadelphia,  1876,  exhibited 
at  the  Minneapolis  exposition  in  1889,  and  insured 
by  the  exposition  for  $100,000.  Her  portraits  in 
clude  :  John  A.  Dix,  Howell  Cobb  and  John  C. 
Spencer,  cabinet  officers,  painted  for  the  capitol 
at  Washington,  in  1882.  She  also  painted  por 
traits  of  Mrs.  Cleveland,  Collis  P.  Huntington, 
Thomas  Pierce  of  Massachusetts,  William  W. 
Corcoran,  President  Garfield  and  many  others, 
which  portraits,  with  200  other  works  of  her 
brush,  valued  at  $225,000,  were  burned  in  a  stor 
age  warehouse  in  1896.  She  had  in  progress  in 
1902  The  Triumphant  Entrance  of  Washington 
into  Boston,  1776.  Goupil  paid  Mrs.  Morrell  $2,000 
for  the  right  to  engrave  her  Washington. 

MORRIL,  David  Lawrence,  senator,  was 
born  in  Epping,  N.H.,  June  10,  1772  ;  son  of 
Samuel  and  Anna  (Lawrence)  Morril,  and grand- 


[5641 


MORRILL 


son  of  the  Rev.  Isaac  Morrill,  of  Wilmington, 
Mass.,  whose  sons  dropped  the  final  "  1''  in  writing 
their  name.  He  studied  medicine,  and  practised 
at  Epsom,  N.H..  1793-1800,  and  at  Goffstown, 
N.H.,  1811-31.  He  was  licensed  to  preach  and 
was  pastor  of  the  Congregational  church  at  Goffs 
town,  N.H.,  1802-11.  He  was  a  representative  in 
the  general  court,  1808-17,  and  speaker  in  1816  ; 
was  U.S.  senator  for  New  Hampshire.  1817-23  ; 
state  senator  and  president  of  the  senate  in  1823- 
24,  and  governor  of  the  state,  1824-27,  inclusive. 
He  edited  the  New  Hampshire  Observer,  a  relig 
ious  paper,  published  in  Concord.  N.H.,  1831-33. 
The  honorary  degrees  of  A.B.  andM.D.  were  con 
ferred  on  him  by  Dartmouth  college  in  1821,  and 
that  of  LL.D.  by  the  University  of  Vermont  in 
182.").  He  died  in  Concord,  N.H.,  Jan.  28,  1849. 

MORRILL,  Anson  Peaslee,  governor  of 
Maine,  was  born  in  Belgrade,  Maine,  June  10, 
1803  ;  son  of  Peasley  and  Nancy  (Macomber) 
Morrill.  After  leaving  school  he  assisted  his 
father  in  his  saw-mill.  He  was  postmaster  and 
held  other  local  offices,  and  in  1824  engaged  in 
business.  He  was  married  to  Rowena  M.  Rich 
ardson,  and  removed  to  Madison,  and  in  1844  to 
Readfleld,  where  he  took  charge  of  a  woollen 
mill  which  he  subsequently  purchased.  He  was 
a,  Democratic  representative  in  the  state  legisla 
ture  in  1833  ;  was  sheriff  of  Somerset  county  in 
1839,  and  land  agent,  1850-53.  He  joined  the  Re 
publican  party  in  1853,  was  nominated  for  gover 
nor  on  the  Prohibition  and  Free  Soil  ticket  ;  was 
the  Republican  candidate  for  governor  in  1854, 
and  the  result  of  the  election  being  indecisive, 
was  appointed  to  the  office  by  the  state  legisla 
ture,  being  the  first  Republican  governor  of 
Maine.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  Republican 
national  convention  in  1856  :  a  Republican  repre 
sentative  in  the  37th  congress  that  met  July  4, 
1861,  at  the  President's  call,  and  retired  from 
national  service  March  3,  1863.  He  removed  to 
Augusta  in  1879,  was  again  a  representative  in  the 
state  legislature  in  1880,  and  was  president  of  the 
Maine  Central  railroad  from  1871.  He  died  in 
Augusta.  Maine,  July  4,  1887. 

MORRILL,  Edmund  N.,  governor  of  Kansas, 
was  born  at  Westbrook,  Maine,  Feb.  12,  1834  ; 
son  of  Rufus  and  Mary  (Webb)  Morrill,  and 
grandson  of  Stephen  Morrill  and  of  Edward 
Webb.  He  attended  Westbrook  academy,  and 
was  superintendent  of  schools  at  Westbrook, 
Maine,  1856-57  ;  a  member  of  the  first  free  state 
legislature  of  Kansas.  1857,  and  re-elected  under 
the  Lecomptoii  constitution,  1858.  He  enlisted 
in  the  7th  Kansas  cavalry,  Oct.  5,  1861,  and  was 
promoted  sergeant  Oct.  10,  1861  ;  captain  and 
commissary  of  subsistence  in  August,  1862;  was 
brevetted  major  for  meritorious  services,  and 
mustered  out  in  October,  1865.  He  was  clerk  of 


the  district  court  of  Brown  county,  Kansas, 
1866-70,  and  county  clerk,  1866-73.  He  founded 
the  first  bank  in  Brown  county  in  1871,  and  was 
president  of  the  First  National  bank  of  Leaven- 
worth,  Kan.,  for  seven  years.  He  was  married 
Dec.  25.  1869,  to  Caro 
line  J.  Nash,  of  Rox- 
bury,  Mass.  He  was 
state  senator.  1872-74 
and  1876-80,  and 
served  as  president 
pro  tempore  of  the 
senate  in  1877.  He 
was  a  Republican 
representative  from 
Kansas  in  the  48th- 
51st  congresses,  1883- 
91,  and  in  1890  was 
elected  by  congress  as 
manager  of  the  homes 
for  disabled  volunteer 
soldiers.  He  was  gov 
ernor  of  the  state  of  Kansas,  1896-97,  and  in  1896 
was  defeated  for  re-election  by  John  W.  Leedy 
(q.v.),  Democrat. 

MORRILL,  Justin  Smith,  senator,  was  born  in 
Stratford,  Vt.,  April  14,  1810;  son  of  Col.  Na 
thaniel  and  Mary  (Hunt)  Morrill.  His  father, 
grandfather  and  three  paternal  uncles  took  part 
in  the  operations  on  Lake  Champlain  in  the  war 
of  1812.  He  went  to  the  common  schools,  worked 
on  a  farm,  attended  Thetford  and  Randolph 
academies,  and  was  a  clerk  in  a  local  store,  1825- 
28  ;  in  Portland,  Maine,  1828-31,  and  a  merchant 
in  Stratford,  1831-55.  In  1848  he  left  his  business 
to  others,  and  devoted  himself  to  agriculture  and 
horticulture.  He  was  married  in  1851  to  Ruth 
Barrell,  daughter  of 
Dr.  Caleb  and  Ruth 
(Barrell)  Swan,  of 
Easton,  Mass.,  who 
died  May  13,  1898. 
He  was  a  Whig  and 
Republican  represent 
ative  in  the  34th-39th 
congresses,  1855-67, 
serving  in  the  39th 
congress  as  chairman 
of  the  committee  on 
ways  and  means.  He 
introduced  the  first 
anti-polygamy  meas 
ure  and  carried  it 
through  the  house. 
He  also  introduced  in  the  house,  Dec.  14, 
1857,  the  "  Land  Grant"  bill  to  establish  colleges 
for  agricultural,  scientific  and  industrial  pur 
poses,  which  passed  the  house  April  20,  1858,  and 
the  senate  Feb.  2,  1859,  but  was  vetoed  by  Presi- 


[505] 


MORRILL 


MORRIS 


dent  Buchanan,  again  passing  the  house  and 
senate  in  18(5'.?.  and  was  approved  by  the  Presi 
dent  July  2,  1862.  He  had  charge  of  all  the  tariff 
and  tax  bills  of  1861-65,  the  "  Mori-ill  tariff''  of 
1861  and  the  internal  revenue  tax  system  of  1862 
being  monuments  of  his  practical  wisdom  in 
finance.  In  186?  he  was  elected  U.S.  senator  to 
" succeed  Luke  P.  Poland,  and  was  re-elected  in 
1872,  1878,  1884,  1890,  and  1896,  serving  as  chair 
man  of  the  committees  on  finance  and  public 
buildings  and  grounds,  and  gaining  by  his  ser 
vice  of  thirty -two  years  the  title,  "  the  father  of 
the  United  States  senate."  His  entire  service  in 
congress  of  forty-four  years  exceeded  by  seven 
years  that  of  Nathaniel  Macon,  of  North  Carolina. 
He  opposed  the  annexation  of  Hawaiian  Islands 
and  the  exercise  of  American  sovereignty  over 
the  Philippines  as  contrary  to  the  spirit  of  the 
Monroe  doctrine.  He  was  made  a  regent  of  the 
Smithsonian  Institution  in  1880;  and  was  a 
trustee  of  the  University  of  Vermont  on  the  part 
of  the  State  Agricultural  college.  1865-98.  He 
received  the  honorary  degree  of  A.M.  from  Dart 
mouth  college  in  1857,  and  that  of  LL.D.  from 
the  University  of  Vermont  in  1874  and  from  the 
University  of  Pennsylvania  in  1884.  He  is  the 
author  of  SeJf  Consciousness  of  Noted  Persons 
(1886),  and  of  contributions  to  the  Forum  and  to 
the  North  American  Review.  He  left  a  son, 
James  Swan  Morrill,  who  had  acted  as  his  chief 
assistant  in  his  various  committee  duties.  Senator 
Morrill  died  in  Washington,  D.C.,  Dec.  28,  1898. 
MORRILL,  Lot  Myrick,  senator,  was  born  in 
Belgrade,  Maine,  May  3,  181-5 :  son  of  Peasley  and 
Nancy  (Macomber)  Morrill.  He  attended  the 
district  schools,  worked  in  his  father's  saw-mill, 
was  a  clerk  in  a  country  store,  and  in  1829  began 
to  teach  school  in  New  York  state.  He  matric 
ulated  at  Waterville  college  in  the  class  of  1837 
but  did  not  graduate,  and  entered  the  law  office 
of  Judge  Edward  Fuller  of  Readlield.  He  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1X37  and  practised  in  part 
nership  with  Timothy  Howe,  at  Readfield.  In 
1841  he  removed  to  Augusta,  Maine,  and  formed 
a  partnership  with  Senator  James  W.  Bradbury 
and  Judge  Rice.  He  was  a  Democratic  repre 
sentative  in  the  state  legislature,  180:5-5.")  ;  was  an 
unsuccessful  candidate  for  U.S.  senator  in  1854  ; 
state  senator,  1856-57,  and  president  of  the  sen 
ate  in  1857.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Democratic 
state  committee,  but  resigned  after  the  nomi 
nation  of  James  Buchanan  for  President  in  1856. 
and  joined  the  Republican  party.  He  was  gover 
nor  of  the  state,  1858,  1859,  1860:  was  elected 
U.S.  senator  to  fill  the  vacancy  caused  by  tlie 
resignation  of  Hannibal  Hamlin  in  1861  :  was  re- 
elected  in  1863,  and  served  till  March  3,  1869. 
Upon  the  death  of  Senator  Fessenden,  Sept.  8, 
1869,  he  was  elected  to  fill  the  vacancy,  and  was 


also  elected  for  the  full  term  expiring  March  3, 
I87T,  but  resigned  in  1876  to  accept  the  secretary 
ship  of  the  treasury  from  President  Grant, 
serving  until  the  close  of  Grant's  administration. 
He  was  collector  of  customs  for  the  port  of  Port 
land.  Maine,  under  President  Hayes's  appoint 
ment,  1877-83.  He  was  a  trustee  of  Colby  univer 
sity,  1863-69  :  received  the  honorary  degree  of 
A.M.  from  there  in  1848,  and  that  of  LL.D.  from 
Bowdoinin  I8?9.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Maine 
Historical  society,  1856-83.  He  died  in  Augusta, 
Maine,  Jan.  10,  1883. 

MORRIS,  Benjamin  Franklin,  clergyman 
and  author,  was  born  in  Bethel.  Ohio.  Aug.  is. 
1S10  ;  son  of  the  Hon.  Thomas  and  Rachel  (Davis) 
Morris.  He  was  graduated  at  Miami  universitv. 
A.B.,  1832,  A.M.  1S36.  He  was  a  Congregational 
minister  in  Iowa  and  Illinois,  1832-40  ;  pastor  of 
Presbyterian  churches  in  Indiana,  1840-59.  and 
of  a  Congregational  church  in  Lebanon,  Ohio, 
1859-61.  He  removed  to  Washington,  D.C..  in 
1861,  where  he  engaged  in  literary  work.  He  is 
the  author  of  :  Tin'  Cliristimi  Life  and  Character 
of  the  Ciril  Institution*  of  the  United  States 
(1864)  ;  The  Nation's  Tribute  tn  Abrolnnn  Lincoln 
(1865);  and  Life  of  Thomas  Morris  (1X56).  He 
died  in  Springfield,  Ohio,  .June  28,  1867. 

MORRIS,  Benjamin  Wisiar,  first  bishop  of 
Oregon,  and  90th  in  succession  in  the  Amer 
ican  episcopate,  was  born  in  \Vellsborough.  Pa., 
Samuel  Wells  and 


>f    Be:;  jainin    Wistar 


May  30.  1X19  ;  son  of 
(Ellis)  Morris  ;  gram 
Morris  and  of  Mercy 
Ellis,  a  well-known 
(Quaker  preacher  ; 
great-grandson  of 
Capt.  Samuel  Morris 
(1734-1X12).  who 

commanded  the  first 
city  troop  of  Philadel 
phia  in  the  Ameri 
can  Revolnt  ion  : 
greats-grandson  of 
Samuel  (in  1-1  Tx-J) 
and  Hannah  (( 'adwal- 
ader)  Morris  ;  great- 
grandson  of  Ant  liony 
Morris  ( 16X2-1  ;s3), 
and  great*-gramlson 

of  Anthony  .Morris  ( 1654-1721 ).  who  came  from 
Stepney,  England,  to  Burlington,  N.J..  1682,  and 
to  Philadelphia,  Pa..  16X5:  was  president  judge 
of  city  courts,  judge  of  supreme  court,  alderman, 
mayor  of  the  city.  1704.  and  Quaker  preacher, 
1707-21.  Benjamin  W.  Morris  was  graduated  at 
the  General  Theological  seminary,  New  York 
city,  in  1846:  was  ordered  deacon  the  same  year 
and  ordained  priest  April  27. 1847.  He  was  rector 
of  St.  Matthew's  church,  Sunbury,  Pa.,  1S47-51; 


[5061 


MORRIS 


MORRIS 


•was  married  in  18.") 2  to  Hannah,  daughter  of 
Henry  F.  Rodney,  of  Lewes.  Del.  :  was  rector  of 
St.  David's  church.  Maiijiyunk,  Pa..  1S51-57.  and 
of  St.  Luke's  church.  Germantown.  Pa.,  1857-68. 
He  was  elected  missionary  bishop  of  Oregon  and 
Washington  territories  in  1808,  as  successor  to 
the  Rt.  Rev.  Thomas  Fielding  Scott,  deceased, 
and  was  consecrated  Dec.  3.  1XG8.  by  Bishops 
Lee,  Odenheimer,  Vail,  Clarkson.  Randall  and 
Kerfoot.  When  his  jurisdiction  was  divided  into 
two  sees  in  18SO  he  remained  in  charge  of  the 
missionary  district  of  Oregon,  which  in  1889  was 
organized  as  a  diocese.  The  honorary  degree  of 
D.D.  was  conferred  on  him  by  Columbia  college 
in  18(58  and  by  the  University  of  Pennsylvania  in 
1869.  He  is  the  author  of :  Presbyterian.  Baptist 
ami  Methodist  Testimony  to  Confirmation  and 
of  contributions  to  church  periodicals. 

MORRIS,  Cadwalader,  financier,  was  born  in 
Philadelphia.  Pa.,  April  19,  1741  ;  son  of  Sam 
uel  (1711-1782)  and  Hannah  (Cadwalader) 
Morris,  and  brother  of  Samuel  Cadwalader 
Morris  (1743-1820).  His  father,  a  member  of 
the  committee  of  safety  during  the  Revolu 
tionary  war  and  register  of  wills  in  Philadel 
phia.  1777-82,  died  in  1782.  Cadwalader  was  a 
member  of  the  city  troop  commanded  by  his 
cousin,  Capt.  Samuel  Morris  (1734-1812),  as  Wash 
ington's  body-guard.  Upon  the  organization  of 
the  Pennsylvania  Bank,  June  8,  1780,  he  assisted 
in  its  establishment  by  a  subscription  of  £2. 500  to 
its  capital,  his  father  having  subscribed  £3,000. 
The  institution  was  organized  for  the  purpose  of 
il  supplying  and  transporting  food  to  the  army.'' 
H  •!  was  a  founder  and  elected  a  director  of  the 
Bank  of  North  America  in  November,  1781,  and 
served  till  April  25,  1787,  subscribing  for  one 
share  of  stock  for  himself  and  three  for  his 
mother,  Hannah  Morris.  He  removed  to  Berks 
county.  Pa.,  after  the  war  and  established  an 
iron  furnace  at  Birdsborough.  He  subsequently 
returned  to  Philadelphia  and  engaged  in  business. 
He  died  in  Philadelphia,  Pa..  Jan.  25,  1795. 

MORRIS,  Calvary,  representative,  was  born 
in  Charleston,  Va.,  Jan.  15,  1798,  and  was  brought 
up  on  a  farm  in  the  Kanawha  valley.  He  was 
married  in  1818  to  a  daughter  of  Dr.  Leonard 
Jewett  of  Athens,  Ohio  ;  removed  to  Ohio  in  1819  ; 
settled  in  Athens  county,  and  was  sheriff  of  the 
county,  1823-27  ;  a  representative  in  the  state 
legislature,  1827-29  and  1835-36;  state  senator, 
1829-31  and  1832-35,  and  a  Whig  representative 
from  the  sixth  district  of  Ohio  in  the  25th,  26th 
and  27th  congresses,  1837-43.  He  engaged  in 
wool  growing  and  in  1843  introduced  fine  wool 
sheep  into  Ohio.  In  1847  he  removed  to  Cincinnati 
in  1854,  returned  to  Athens,  and  in  1855  was 
elected  probate  judge  of  the  count}'.  He  died 
in  Athens,  Ohio,  Oct.  13.  1871. 


MORRIS,  Caspar,  physician  and  author,  was 
born  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  May  2,  1805;  son  of 
Israel  W.  Morris  ;  grandson  of  Capt.  Samuel 
Morris  (1734-1812),  and  a  descendant,  through 
Samuel  (1711-1782)  and  Anthony  (1682-1783),  of 
Anthony  the  immigrant  (1654-1821).  He  was 
graduated  from  the  University  of  Pennsylvania, 
M.D.,  1826,  and  practised  in  Philadelphia  until 
1871 .  He  was  married  to  Ann  Cheston  of  Philadel 
phia.  He  lectured  on  the  theory  and  practice  of 
medicine  in  the  Philadelphia  Summer  School  of 
Medicine  and  the  Philadelphia  Medical  institute, 
and  on  children's  diseases  at  the  Blockley  Alms- 
house  hospital.  He  founded  and  managed 
the  Institution  for  the  Blind,  and  was  elected 
vice-president  and  manager  of  the  Protestant 
Episcopal  hospital.  He  is  the  author  of  :  Life  of 
William  Wilberforce  (1841);  Memoir  of  Miss  Mar 
garet  Mercer  (1848);  Letter  to  Bishop  Alonzo  Pot 
ter  on  Hospital  Needs  (1851);  Lectures  on  Scarlet 
Fever  (1858);  Essay  on  Hospital  Construction  and 
Management  (1875);  R'dliet  and  Barthel  on  Dis 
eases  of  Children,  and  Heart  Voices  and  Home. 
Songs.  He  died  in  Philadelphia,  March  16,  1884. 

MORRIS,  Charles,  naval  officer,  was  born  in 
Woodstock.  Conn.,  July  26, 1784.  His  father  was 
purser  on  the  U.S.  frigate  Congress.  He  was  ap 
pointed  a  midshipman  on  board  the  Congress  ; 
sailed  from  Portsmouth.  N.H.,  and  made  a  cruise 
to  the  West  Indies.  On  his  return  he  was  as 
signed  to  the  Constitution,  Commodore  Preble's 
flagship,  and  was  one  of  the  seventy  who  volun 
teered  on  the  expedition  to  recapture  or  burn  the 
the  U.S.  frigate  Philadelphia,  then  in  the  hands 
of  the  Tripolitans.  On  Feb.  3,  1804,  the  party 
under  Lieutenant  Decatur  of  the  Enterprise 
sailed  from  Syracuse  in  the  ketch  Intrepid,  and 
after  a  stormy  voyage  of  fifteen  days  gained  the 
harbor  of  Tripoli  and  found  the  Philadelphia  an 
chored  within  half  a  gunshot  of  the  bashaw's 
castle  and  the  principal  battery.  Two  Tripoli- 
tan  cruisers  lay  by  the  starboard  quarter  and 
several  gunboats  on  the  starboard  bow.  The 
Philadelphia  was  manned  by  one  thousand  Turks 
and  her  guns  were  all  mounted  and  loaded.  At 
eleven  o'clock  at  night  the  ketch  came  alongside 
and  the  crewr  of  seventy  boarded  the  frigate, 
Lieutenant  Decatur  and  Midshipman  Morris 
leading  the  boarders,  and  Morris  was  the  first  to 
reach  the  quarter-deck  of  the  Philadelphia. 
They  surprised  the  Turks,  killed  about  twenty, 
the  rest  either  jumping  overboard  or  being 
driven  below,  and  after  setting  fire  to  the  frigate 
the  boarders  drew  off  and  under  a  hail  of  shot 
retreated  safely  out  of  range.  Morris  was  trans 
ferred  to  the  Argus,  Lieut.  Isaac  Hull,  and  after 
the  action  of  Aug.  3,  1804,  while  in  a  small  boat 
belonging  to  the  Argus,  boarded  and  captured 
a  small  French  privateer  that  had  just  escaped 


1507J 


MORRIS 


MORRIS 


from  the  harbor.  In  January,  1807,  he  was  pro 
moted  lieutenant,  and  in  July,  1812,  was  made 
executive  officer  of  the  Constitution,  Capt.  Isaac 
Hull.  He  had  charge  of  the  ship  in  the  cele 
brated  sixty-hour  race  pursued  by  a  British  fleet, 
and  in  the  engagement  between  the  Constitution 


ENGAGEMENT    BETWEEN  THE.  CONSTITUTION  AND  <iUERRIERE. 


and  the  Guerriere  was  shot  through  the  body,  but 
recovered.  He  was  promoted  captain  March  5, 
1813,  and  in  1814  was  given  command  of  the  U.S. 
frigate  John  Adams,  in  which  vessel  he  captured 
many  valuable  prizes.  While  repairing  his  ship 
on  the  beach  at  Hampden,  Maine,  he  was  attacked 
by  a  fleet  of  sixteen  British  vessels.  He  at  once 
constructed  fortifications  on  land,  behind  which 
he  mounted  the  guns  from  the  ship,  and  called 
in  the  militia  from  the  country.  Lieutenant 
Lewis  arrived  from  Castine  with  a  detachment  of 
twenty-eight  of  the  U.S.  artillery.  The  attack 
occurred  Sept.  3,  1814,  before  which  the  militia 
fled,  and  but  feeble  resistance  was  made  by  the 
ship's  crew  and  the  artillery.  To  prevent  the 
capture  of  the  John  Adams  Captain  Morris  set 
her  on  fire,  after  spiking  the  guns.  The  crew 
were  separated  into  small  parties  and  retreated 
through  the  woods  to  Portland.  Morris  was  in 
command  of  the  Gulf  squadron,  1816-17,  and  of 
the  squadron  on  the  coast  of  Buenos  Ayres,  1819- 
20  ;  was  naval  commissioner,  1823-27  and  1832-41  ; 
commanded  the  Brandywine  during  the  special 
commission  of  that  vessel  in  conveying  General 
Lafayette  as  a  guest  of  the  nation  back  to  France 
in  1823  ;  was  on  special  duty  as  inspector  of  navy 
yards  in  England  and  France  ;  supervisor  of  the 
naval  academy,  Annapolis,  and  chief  of  the  bureau 
of  ordnance  and  hydrography,  Washington,  1851- 
56.  He  died  in  Washington,  D.C.,  Jan.  27,  1856. 

MORRIS,  Charles,  editor  and  author,  was  born 
in  Chester,  Pa.,  Oct.  1,  1833  ;  son  of  Samuei  Pear 
son  and  Margaret  (Burns)  Morris;  grandson  of 
Jonathan  and  Rachel  (Pearson)  Morris  and  of 
Joseph  arid  Hannah  (French)  Burns,  and  a  de 
scendant  probably  of  Welsh  ancestors,  who  came 
to  Philadelphia  at  the  time  of  its  early  settle 
ment.  Charles  Morris  was  educated  in  public  and 
private  schools,  taught  for  a  few  years  in  Chester 


and  Philadelphia,  removing  to  the  latter  city  in 
1856,  and  was  connected  with  a  manufacturing 
industry  there.  1860-78.  He  wrote  much  for 
periodicals  during  this  period,  and  after  1878  de 
voted  his  time  to  literature.  He  compiled  and 
edited  Half  Hours  u-itJi  the  Best  American  Au 
thors  and  several  similar  collections  (18  vols., 
1886-96)  ;  edited  The  New  Science  Review  (1895)  ; 
The  Encyclopedic  Dictionary,  American  edition 
(1896);  The  Imperial  Reference  Library  (1898)  ; 
the  1900  edition  of  Lippincott's  Pronouncing  Dic 
tionary  of  Biography,  and  was  one  of  the  editors 
of  the  American  Supplement  to  the  Encyclopedia 
Britannica.  He  is  the  author  of  :  A  Manual  of 
Classical  Literature  (1880)  ;  The  Aryan  Race 
(1887)  ;  Broken  Fetters,  a  history  of  the  temperance 
movement  (1888)  ;  Civilization,  an  Historical 
Review  of  its  Elements  (1890) ;  King  Arthur  and 
the  Knights  of  the  Round  Table,  being  Malory's 
"Morte  D'Arthur  "  modernized  (1891);  Tales  from 
the  Dramatists  (4  vols.,  1892)  ;  Historical  Tales 
(9  vols.,  1893-98)  ;  Our  Nation's  Nary  (1898)  ; 
The,  War  with  Spain  (1898);  Our  Island  Empire 
(1899);  Famous  Men  and  Great  Events  of  the 
Nineteenth  Century  (1899)  ;  Man  and  his  Ancestry 
(1900);  Handy  Dictionary  of  Biography  (1901), 
and  other  works  including  three  graded  school 
histories  of  the  United  States. 

MORRIS,  Clara,  actress,  was  born  in  Ontario, 
Canada,  in  1848.  She  was  a  member  of  the 
ballet  in  the  Academy  of  Music  at  Cleveland, 
Ohio,  before  she  was  thirteen,  and  advanced  rap 
idly  in  her  profession.  In  1868  she  became  lead 
ing  lady  at  Wood's  theatre  at  Cincinnati.  Ohio, 
where  she  appeared  with  John  E.  Owens  and 
other  comedians  and  remained  until  1869.  In 
the  winter  of  1869-70  she  was  a  member  of  Au- 
gustin  Daly's  company,  then  at  the  Fifth  Avenue 
theatre,  and  was  engaged  to  play  Blanche  in 
"  Man  and  Wife  ;  "  but  upon  the  refusal  of  Miss 
Agnes  Ethel  to  appear  in  the  leading  role  of  the 
play  it  was  given  to  Miss  Morris,  whose  success 
was  assured  after  the  first  performance,  and  she 
was  promoted  by  Mr.  Daly  to  leading  lad}'.  Her 
most  successful  roles  were  emotional  ones.  A  f'ter 
an  extended  run  at  the  Fifth  Avenue  theatre 
she  severed  her  engagement  with  Mr.  Daly,  ap 
peared  as  a  "  star'*  at  the  Union  Square  theatre 
and  at  Daly's  new  Fifth  Avenue  theatre  in  New 
York,  and  toured  throughout  the  south  and 
\vest.  Her  more  successful  roles  include  :  Anne 
Sylvester  in  "  Man  and  Wife'',  Jezabel,  Fanny 
in  "Divorce",  Cora  in  "Article  47",  Camille, 
Miss  Moulton,  Alixe  in  the  "  Countess  de  Sommer- 
ive  ",  Mercy  Merrick  in  "  The  New  Magdalen  ". 
Evadne,  Lady  Macbeth,  Jane  Shore,  Leah  the 
Forsaken,  Denise,  and  Renee.  She  was  married 
in  1874  to  Frederick  C.  Harriott  of  New  York. 
She  contributed  to  many  of  the  leading  magazines- 


[508] 


MORRIS 


MORRIS 


and  is  the  author  of:  The  Silent  Singer  (1899)  ; 
Little  Jim  Croiv,  and  other  stories  of  children 
(1899);  Life  on  the  Stage  (1901);  A  Pasteboard 
Crown,  a  novel  (1902);  Stage  Confidences  (1902); 
Women  of  the  Bible,  to  include  a  series  of  twelve 
volumes  of  which  Ruth,  Esther  and  Tlie  Mag 
dalene  were  ready  for  the  press  in  1902. 

MORRIS,  Daniel,  representative,  was  born  at 
Fayette,  N.Y.,  Jan.  4,  1812  ;  son  of  Joseph  and 
Elizabeth  (Brown)  Morris.  He  worked  on  his 
father's  farm  and  attended  the  common  schools 
until  1833,  and  in  1837  completed  his  education  at 
the  Canadaigua  academy,  in  Ontario  county.  He 
taught  school,  arid  was  admitted  to  the  bar  at 
Albany.  N.Y.,  in  1845.  He  practised  law  in  Penii 
Yan,  N.Y.,  and  was  district  attorney  of  Yates 
county,  1847-50.  In  1859  he  was  a  member  of  the 
state  assembly,  where  he  served  as  chairman  of 
tne  judiciary  committee.  He  was  Republican  rep- 
presentative  from  the  twenty-fifth  district  of 
New  York  in  the  38th  and  39th  congresses,  18G3-67. 
He  died  at  Penn  Yan,  N.Y.,  April  22,  1889. 

MORRIS,  Edward  Dafydd,  educator,  was  born 
in  Utica,  N.  Y.,  Oct.  31,  1825  ;  sou  of  Dafydd  Ed 
ward  and  Anne  (Lewis)  Morris,  immigrants  from 
Wales.  In  early  life  he  was  employed  as  a  clerk  ; 
studied  at  Whitestown,  N.Y.,  seminary,  and  was 
graduated  from  Yale,  A.  B.,  1849,  A.M.,  1852,  and 
from  the  Auburn  Theological  seminary  in  1852. 
He  was  ordained  by  the  presbytery  of  Cayuga 
in  1852  ;  was  pastor  at  Auburn,  N.Y.,  1852- 
55,  and  of  the  second  church  at  Columbus, 
Ohio,  1855-67  ;  professor  of  church  history  at 
Lane  Theological  seminary,  1867-74  ;  professor 
of  systematic  theology,  1874-97,  and  was  made 
professor  emeritus  in  1897.  The  honorary  degree 
of  D.D.  was  conferred  on  him  by  Hamilton  col 
lege  in  1863,  and  that  of  LL.D.  by  Maryville  col 
lege,  Tenn.,  in  1885.  He  was  moderator  of  the 
Presbyterian  general  assembly,  1875,  and  filled 
other  places  of  prominence  in  that  denomination. 
He  was  twice  married,  first  in  1852  to  Frances 
Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Dan  and  Fanny  (Rowe) 
Parmelee  of  Fair  Haven,  Conn.,  and  secondly  in 
1867  to  Mary  Bryan  Treat  of  Tallmadge,  Ohio. 
He  is  the  author  of  :  Outlines  of  Tlieology  (1880)  ; 
Ecclesiology  (1885)  ;  Scripture  Readings  (1886)  ; 
Salvation  after  Death  (1887)  ;  and  Theology  of  the 
Westminster  Symbols  (1900). 

MORRIS,  Edward  Joy,  representative,  was 
l)orn  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  July  16,  1815.  He 
matriculated  at  the  University  of  Pennsylvania 
in  the  class  of  1835,  left  in  his  freshman  year,  and 
was  graduated  from  Harvard  college  in  1836. 
He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1842,  and  practised 
in  Philadelphia.  He  was  a  representative  in  the 
state  legislature,  1841-43 ;  a  Whig  representative 
in  the  28th  congress,  1843-45,  wascharge  d'affaires 
at  Naples,  Italy,  1850-54 ;  a  representative  in  the 


35th  and  36th  congresses,  1857-61,  and  U.S.  minister 
to  Turkey  by  appointment  of  President  Lincoln, 
1861-70.  He  is  the  author  of:  Notes  of  a  Tunr 
througli  Turkey,  Greece,  Egypt,  Arabia  Petrcea  to 
the  Holy  Land  (1842) ;  and  translations  from  the 
German  of  Alfred  De  Besse's  Tlie  Turkish  Em 
pire,  Social  and  Political  (1854);  Theodore  Mug- 
ge's  Afraja,  or  Life  and  Love  in  Norway  (1854); 
and  Ferdinand  Gregorovius'  Corsica,  Picturesque, 
Historical  and  Soci<d  (1856).  He  died  in  Philadel 
phia,  Pa..  Dec.  31,  1881. 

MORRIS,  Edward  Parmelee,  teacher,  was 
born  in  Auburn,  N.Y.,  Sept.  17,  1853  ;  son  of  Ed 
ward  Dafydd  and  Frances  Elizabeth  (Parmelee) 
Morris.  He  attended  the  Woodward  high  school 
at  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  and  was  graduated  from  Yale 
college,  A. B.,  1874.  He  was  married  in  1879  to 
Charlotte  Webster  Humphrey.  He  was  professor 
at  Drury  college,  Springfield,  Mo.,  1879-84  ; 
professor  of  Latin  language  and  literature  at  Will 
iams  college,  1885-91,  and  became  professor  of 
Latin  at  Yale  university  in  1891.  He  was  made 
a  member  of  the  American  Philological  associa 
tion  in  1886.  He  is  the  editor  of  :  Tlie  Mostellaria 
of  Plant  us  (1880)  ;  The  Pseudolus  of  Plautu* 
(1890)  ;  and  The  Captives  and  Trinummus  of 
Plautus  (1898),  besides  pamphlets  on  Plautusand 
Terence  and  various  philological  articles  and  re 
views. 

MORRIS,  George  Pope,  journalist,  was  born 
in  Philadelphia,  Pa..  Oct.  10,  1802.  His  early 
education  was  limited,  and  he  obtained  employ 
ment  in  a  printing  office.  He  removed  to  New 
York  city,  where  in  1817  he  began  to  contribute 
articles  to  the  New  York  Gazette  and  the  Amer 
ican.  In  1823,  with  Samuel  Woodworth,  he  es 
tablished  the  New  York  Mirror,  which  was  dis 
continued  in  1842  ;  and  in  1843,  with  Nathaniel  P. 
Willis,  who  had  been  associated  with  him  on  the 
Mirror,  he  began  the  publication  of  the  Neiv 
Mirror,  and  in  1844,  the  Evening  Mirror,  a  daily 
newspaper.  He  founded  the  National  Press  in 
December.  1845,  which  he  changed  to  the  Home 
Journal  in  November,  1846.  He  served  in  the 
state  militia  and  attained  the  rank  of  brigadier- 
general.  He  is  the  author  of  :  Briarcliff,  a  drama 
(1825)  ;  The  Little  Frenchman  and  his  Water 
Lots  (1839)  ;  the  libretto  of  Charles  E.  Horn's 
"Maid  of  Saxony"  (1842);  edited  American 
Melodies  (1845)  ;  and,  with  Willis,  the  Prose  and 
Poetry  of  America  (1845).  He  was  best  known 
as  a  song  writer,  his  principal  songs  being  :  Near 
the  Lake  Where  Drooped  the  Willow ;  We  Were 
Boys  Together ;  Land  ho  !  Long  Time  Ago ;  My 
Mother's  Bible;  Whip-poor-irill ;  and  Woodman, 
Spare  that  Tree.  He  died  in  New  York  city,  July 
6,  1864. 

MORRIS,  George  Sylvester,  educator,  was. 
born  in  Norwich,  Vt.,  Nov.  15,  1840  ;  son  of  Syl- 


[509] 


MORRIS 


MORRIS 


vester  and  Susanna  (Weston)  Morris;  grandson 
of  Ephraini  and  Pamela  (Converse)  Morris;  and, 
through  Isaac.  Edward  2d,  Edward  3d,  a  de 
scendant  of  Edward  (1030-1090)  and  Grace  (Beth) 
Morris,  married  at  Roxbury,  Sept.  20,  1055.  He 
was  graduated  from  Dartmouth  college.  A.B., 
1881  ;  A.M..  1864;  was  principal  of  the  Royalton 
.academy.  Vt.,  1861-02  :  served  as  a  volunteer  in 
the  U.S.  army,  1862-03  ;  was  a  tutor  in  Greek 
and  in  ithem  itios  at  Dartmouth,  1803-04,  and  a 
student  at  the  Union  Theological  seminary,  New 
York  city,  1864-6;>.  He  continued  his  education 
at  the  universities  of  Berlin  and  Halle,  Germany, 
1863-68,  devoting  himself  to  philosophical  inves 
tigations  and  to  the  study  of  the  French,  German 
and  Italian  languages.  He  w;is  professor  of 
modern  languages  at  the  University  of  Michigan, 
1870-79;  was  married,  June  29,  1870,  to  Victoria, 
daughter  of  Charles  Antoine  and  Maria  (Rogers) 
Celle  ;  was  professor  of  ethics,  history  of  philoso 
phy  and  logic  at  the  University  of  Michigan, 
1881-87,  and  professor  of  philosophy,  1887-89. 
He  was  lecturer  on  ethics  and  the  history  of 
philosophy  at  Johns  Hopkins  university,  1878-85, 
and  Eli  lecturer  at  the  General  Theological  semi 
nary,  1882-83.  The  degree  of  Ph.D.  was  con 
ferred  on  him  by  the  University  of  Michigan  in 
1881.  He  is  the  author  of  a  translation  from  the 
German  of  Uberweg's  History  of  Philosophy 
(2  vols.,  1872-74)  ;  British  Tlioughts  and  Thinkers 
(1H80)  ;  Kant's  Critique  of  Pure  Reason  ;  a  Cri 
tical  Exposition  (1882):  Philosophy  and  Chris 
tianity  (1883),  and  Hegel's  Philosophy  of  the  State 
a  ml  of  History:  an  Exposition  (1887).  He  died 
at  Ann  Arbor,  Mich.,  March  23,  1889. 

MORRIS,  George  Upham,  naval  officer,  was 
born  in  Massachusetts,  June  3,  1830  ;  son  of  Capt. 
Charles  Morris,  U.S.N.  (q.v.).  He  was  appointed 
a  midshipman,  Aug.  14,  1846 ;  and  served  in 
the  Gulf  and  on  the  Pacific,  1846-47.  He  was 
promoted  passed  midshipman.  June  8,  1852; 
master,  Sept.  15,  1855  ;  and  lieutenant.  Sept.  16, 
1855.  In  1862  he  was  assigned  to  the  U.S.  sloop 
Cumberland  of  the  North  Atlantic  blockading 
squadron,  and  on  March  8,  1802,  while  he  was  in 
temporary  command  of  the  vessel  at  anchor  off 
Newport  News,  the  Cumberland  was  attacked 
by  the  Confederate  ironclad  Merriinac,  and  after 
a,  desperate  battle  went  down  with  her  colors 
flying  and  with  a  parting  shot  at  the  enemy. 
Many  of  the  wounded  perished  with  the  ship, 
some  were  shot  while  swimming  to  the  shore, 
and  others,  including  Morris,  reached  the  shore 
in  safety.  The  number  of  lives  lost  was  approx 
imated  at  237.  The  officers  and  men  were  thanked 
by  Secretary  Welles  in  a  letter  to  Lieut.  Morris, 
and  President  Lincoln  recommended  that  a  vote 
of  thanks  be  passed  by  congress  for  the  valor 
and  heroism  displayed  by  Morris.  The  resolution 


passed  the  house  Dec.  19,  1862.  and  when  it 
reached  the  senate  Dec.  22,  1802,  -was  referred 
to  the  committee  on  naval  affairs  and  never 
acted  upon.  He  was  promoted  lieutenant- 
commander.  July  16,  1802,  and  in  May,  1803, 
while  in  command  of  the  steam  gunboat  Port 
Royal,  was  engaged  with  a  nine-gun  battery 
on  the  James  river,  and  participated  in  the  at 
tack  on  Fort  Darling,  Drewry's  Bluff.  Ala..  1804. 
He  was  commissioned  commander,  July  25.  1866, 
and  was  retired  from  active  service,  Oct.  21,  1874. 
He  died  at  Jordan  Springs,  Va..  Aug.  15,  1875.  ' 
MORRIS,  Gouverneur,  senator,  was  born  in 
Morrisania,  N.Y.,  Jan.  31,  1752  ;  son  of  Lewis 
and  Sarah  (Gouverneur)  Morris,  and  half  brother 
to  Lewis  Morris  the  signer.  He  was  graduated 
from  King's  college,  N.Y.,  A.  B..  1768  ;  A.M..  1771  ; 
studied  law  with  Chief-Justice  William  Smith, 
and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1771.  In  1770 
he  published  a  series  of  anonymous  articles 
against  a  motion  for  raising  money  by  the  issue 
of  bills  of  credit  then  before  the  state  legislature. 
He  was  a  delegate  to  the  first  provincial  congress 
in  1775,  and  with  John  Jay  and  Robert  R.  Living 
ston  drafted  the  constitution  of  the  state  of 
New  York.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  Conti 
nental  congress  to  fill  the  vacancy  caused  by  the 
resignation  of  his  father.  Lewis  Morris,  1777-80. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  committee  appointed  to 
examine  with  General  Washington,  the  condi 
tion  of  the  American  army  quartered  at  Valley 
Forge  ;  and  was  chairman  of  the  committee  to  ex 
amine  and  consider  the  despatches  from  the 
American  commissioners  in  Europe,  in  1779.  Ho 
was  thrown  from  his  carriage  in  May,  1780,  and 
his  leg  severely  crushed,  necessitating  amputa 
tion.  He  was  appointed  by  Robert  Morris  as 
sistant  minister  of  finance  and  served  in  that 
capacity.  1781-85.  He  purchased  the  Morrisania 
estate  from  his  half-brother,  Staats  Long 
Morris,  in  1786,  and  subsequently  resided  there. 
He  was  a  delegate  to  the  constitutional  conven 
tion  of  1787,  and  advocated  conservative  mea 
sures.  The  final  draft  of  the  constitution  was 
given  to  him  for  revision.  He  resided  in  France, 
1788-91  ;  was  appointed  a  confidential  agent  of 
the  United  States  to  negotiate  with  the  British 
government  concerning  some  unfulfilled  articles 
of  the  treaty  of  peace  in  1791  ;  was  U.S.  minister 
to  France,  1792-94,  and  upon  the  arrival  of  James 
Monroe  to  assume  the  ministry  he  traveled  ex 
tensively  in  Europe,  returning  to  the  United 
States  in  1798.  He  was  U.S.  senator,  1800-03, 
completing  the  term  of  Philip  Schuyler,  who  had 
resigned  Jan.  3, 1798,  and  had  been  followed  suc 
cessively  by  John  Sloss  Hobart,  William  North 
and  James  Wilson  resigning  in  1800.  Senator 
Morris  was  chairman  of  the  Erie  Canal  commis 
sion.  1810-13.  He  is  the  author  of  a  series  of  es- 


MORRIS 


MORRIS 


«ays  signed  •'  An  American  "  in  ttie  Pennsylvania 
Packet  (1780)  ;  and  toward  the  close  vf  his  life  he 
contributed  political  satires  to  the  Xe\v  York 
newspapers.  His  published  works  include  :  Ob 
servations  on  the  American  Revolution  (1779);  An 
Address  to  the  Assembly  of  Pennsylvania  on  the 
Abolition  of  the  Bank  of  North  America  (1785)  ; 
An  Address  in  Celebration  of  the  Delivery  of  En- 
rope  from  the  Yoke  of  Military  Despotism  (1814)  ; 
and  funeral  orations  on  Washington,  Hamilton 
and  Governor  George  Clinton.  He  died  in  Mor- 
risania.  N.Y.,  Nov.  6,  1SIG. 

MORRIS,  Harrison  Smith,  editor  and  author, 
was  born  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Oct.  4,  1856;  son 
of  George  Washington  and  Catharine  (Harris) 
Morris  ;  grandson  of  George  Washington  and  Jane 
(Walters)  Morris,  and  of  Nicholas  and  Louisa 
(Shearer)  Harris,  and  a  descendant  of  Samuel 
and  Thomas  Harris,  who  settled  on  Long 
Island  and  removed  thence  to  Salem,  N.J.  He 
attended  the  common  schools  ;  obtained  employ 
ment  in  the  Philadelphia  and  Reading  Coal  and 
Iron  company  in  1873  ;  was  promoted  assistant 
cashier,  and  resigned  in  1892.  He  was  appointed 
managing  director  of  the  Pennsylvania  Academy 
of  Fine  Arts  in  1893  ;  was  editor  of  Lippincott's 
Magazine  in  1899,  and  elected  a  member  of  the 
American  Philosophical  society  in  1899.  He 
was  married,  June  2,  1896,  to  Anna,  daughter  of 
Joseph  Wharton.  He  edited :  A  Mosaic  (1891)  ; 
In  the  Yule  Log  Glow  (1892)  ;  Where  the  Meadows 
Meet  the  Sea  (1892),  and  Tales  from  Ten  Poets 
(1893) :  and  is  the  author  of  :  Tales  from  Shake~ 
speare.  a  continuation  and  completion  of  the 
work  begun  by  Charles  and  Mary  Lamb  (1893)  ; 
Madonna,  and,  Other  Poems  (1894). 

MORRIS,  Henry  W.,  naval  officer,  was  born 
in  New  York  city  in  1806  ;  son  of  Thomas  Morris, 
a  prominent  lawyer  of  New  York,  and  U.S.  mar 
shal  for  the  southern  district  of  the  state,  and 
grandson  of  Robert,  the  signer,  and  Mary  (White) 

Morris.  He 
entered  the 
U.S.  navy, 
Aug.  21,  1819; 
was  promoted 
1  i  eut  en  ant, 
and  served  in 
various  posts, 
1828-38,  when 
he  was  sent 
on  special  duty 
to  New  York.  In  1845  he  was  in  command  of 
the  store-ship  Southampton  of  the  African  squad 
ron  ;  was  awaiting  orders  at  the  New  York  navy 
yard,  1846-51  ;  was  promoted  commander  and  had 
charge  of  the  rendezvous  in  New  York,  1851-53  ; 
commanded  the  sloop  of  war  Germantown,  1853- 
56 ;  was  fleet  captain  under  Commodore  String- 


u.S.s  "  PEMSA<OLA  -i 


ham  on  the  Mediterranean  station,  and  was  com 
missioned  captain  in  1856.  During  the  civil  war 
he  superintended  the  construction  of  the  steam- 
sloop-of-war  Pensacola  at  the  Washington  navy 
yard,  and  in  January,  1862,  while  in  command  of 
that  vessel,  he  successfully  passed  the  line  of  Con 
federate  batteries  on  the  Potomac.  He  joined  the 
expedition  against  New  Orleans  in  1862,  partic 
ipating  in  the  attacks  on  Forts  Jackson  and  St. 
Philip,  and  after  the  capture  of  New  Orleans, 
guarded  the  city  and  the  adjacent  coasts  until  his 
health  became  broken  and  he  returned  to  New 
York.  He  was  promoted  commodore,  July  16, 
1862.  He  died  in  New  York  city,  Aug.  14,  1863. 

MORRIS,  Herbert  William,  author,  was  born 
in  Wales,  July  21,  1818.  He  studied  theology  in 
London,  England,  but  was  obliged,  through  an  af 
fection  of  the  eyes,  to  abandon  his  studies.  He 
came  to  the  United  States  in  1842,  and  after  re 
covering  his  eye-sight  was  licensed  to  preach  by 
the  presbytery  of  Utica,  N.Y. ,  in  1846.  He  was 
pastor  at  Martinsburg,  N.Y.,  1847-50  ;  Little  Falls, 
N.Y.,  1850-61 ;  in  Indiana.  1861-67,  and  at  Roch 
ester,  N.Y.,  1867-77.  In  187.7  he  retired  from  the 
ministry  and  devoted  himself  to  literary  pursuits. 
The  honorary  degree  of  D.D.  was  conferred  on 
him  by  the  University  of  Rochester  in  1876.  He 
is  the  author  of:  Science  and  the  Bible  (1870), 
which  in  a  short  period  reached  a  sale  of  50,000 
copies ;  Present  Conflict  of  Science  and  Religion 
(1875);  Testimony  of  the  Ages  to  the  Truth  of 
Scripture  (1880);  The  Celestial  Symbol,  or  the  Nat 
ural  Wonders  and  Spiritual  Teaching  of  the  Sun 
(1883);  Natural  Laws  and  Gospel  Teacliings 
(1887).  He  died  in  Rochester,  N.Y.,  May  15,  1897. 

MORRIS,  Isaac  Newton,  representative,  was 
born  in  Bethel,  Ohio,  Jan.  22,  1812  ;  son  of  the 
Hon.  Thomas  and  Rachel  (Davis)  Morris.  He  at 
tended  Miami  university,  Ohio  ;  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1835,  and  began  practice  in  Quincy,  111., 
in  1836.  He  was  appointed  secretary  of  state  in 
1840  by  Governor  Carlin  but  declined  to  serve, 
and  in  1841  was  chosen  president  of  the  Illinois 
and  Michigan  canal  company.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  the  Illinois  legislature,  1846-48  ; 
a  Democratic  representative  in.  the  35th  and  36th 
congresses,  1857-61,  and  opposed  the  admission 
of  Kansas  into  the  union  under  the  Lecompton 
constitution.  He  was  appointed  a  member  of  the 
Union  Pacific  railroad  commission  by  President 
Grant,  1870.  He  died  in  Quincy,  Oct.  29,  1879. 

MORRIS,  James  Cheston,  physician,  was 
born  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  May  28,  1831;  son  of 
Dr.  Caspar  and  Anne  (Cheston)  Morris  ;  grandson 
of  Israel  Wistar  and  Mary  (Hollingsworth)  Morris, 
and  a  descendant  through  Capt.  Samuel,  Samuel 
and  Anthony,  Jr.,  of  Anthony  Morris,  who  came 
from  London  to  the  Jerseys  in  1681,  removed 
thence  about  the  time  of  Penn's  advent  to  Phila- 


n] 


MORRIS 


MORRIS 


delphia,  and  whose  brew  house  is  represented  on 
a  map  of  thecity  in  1703.  He  was  a  Quaker  min 
ister  and  prominent  in  public  affairs.  He  was 
graduated  from  the  University  of  Pennsylvania, 
A.B.,  1851,  A.M.  and  M.I).,  1S51  :  practised 
medicine  in  Philadelphia  ;  was  physician  to  the 
Foster  home  for  children,  1836-60  ;  to  the  Moya- 
mensing  house  of  industry,  1855-59,  and  to  the 
hospital  of  the  P.  E.  church,  1857-72.  He  served 
as  acting  assistant-surgeon  in  the  U.S.  army, 
1862-63,  in  the  army  hospitals  in  Philadelphia 
and  at  Gettysburg.  He  was  an  examiner  and 
lecturer  at  the  University  of  Pennsylvania, 
1855-63  ;  was  elected  a  fellow  of  the  College  of 
Physicians  of  Philadelphia  in  1856,  a  member  of 
the  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  in  1854,  of  the 
Franklin  Institute  in  1870,  of  the  American  Phi 
losophical  society  in  1883,  of  various  medical  as 
sociations,  of  the  American  Public  Health  asso 
ciation,  and  of  the  Pennsylvania  Horticultural 
society.  He  was  twice  married  :  first  in  1854  to 
Hannah  Ann,  daughter  of  Isaac  Tyson,  Jr.,  of 
Baltimore,  Md.,  who  died  in  1867  ;  and  secondly 
in  1870  to  Mary  E.  Stuart,  daughter  of  Laurence 
Johnson  of  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  is  the  author 
of  a  translation  from  the  German  of  Prof.  C.  G. 
Lehmamrs  Manual  of  Chemical  Physiology 
(1856);  and  of  The  Milk  Supply  of  Large  Cities 
(1884);  The  Water  Supply  of  Philadelphia  ;  Annals 
of  Hygiene ;  Report  of  the  Philadelphia  Water 
Department,  and  many  articles  on  sanitary,  bio 
logical,  medical  and  literary  subjects. 

MORRIS,  James  Walter,  educator,  was  born 
in  Carter  county,  Mo.,  Dec.  31,  1858  ;  son  of  Cal- 
houn  R.  and  Martha  L.  (Carleton)  Morris  ;  grand 
son  of  Erving  and  Cynthia  (Reid)  Morris  of  Vir 
ginia  and  of  William  Carleton  of  Kentucky.  He 
entered  the  Methodist  ministry  in  1881  ;  was  mar 
ried  in  1884  to  Helen  Wheeler  ;  prepared  for  col 
lege  at  Carleton  institute  ;  was  graduated  at  Mc- 
Kendree  college  in  1888 ;  took  a  post  graduate 
course  there  and  at  Boston  university  ;  was  prin 
cipal  of  an  academy  in  California,  1895-96,  and 
received  the  degree  of  Ph.  D.  from  Taylor  uni 
versity,  Ind.,  in  1900.  In  May,  1901,  he  was 
elected  president  of  Montana  Wesleyan  university, 
Helena,  Mont.  He  is  the  author  of  Epworlh 
League  Manual  of  Methodist  Doctrines  (1893). 

MORRIS,  John  Gottlieb,  clergyman  and 
author,  was  born  in  York,  Pa.,  Nov.  14, 1803.  His 
father  was  a  surgeon  in  the  Continental  army 
during  the  American  Revolution.  John  attended 
the  College  of  New  Jersey,  Princeton,  where  lie 
was  awarded  a  prize  for  oratory  ;  was  graduated 
from  Dickinson  college,  A.B.,  1823,  A.M.,  1826  ; 
from  Princeton  Theological  seminary,  1826,  and 
from  the  Evangelical  Lutheran  Theological  semi 
nary,  Gettysburg,  Pa.,  in  1827.  He  was  ordained, 
Oct.  15,  1827,  at  Baltimore,  Md.,  and  was  pastor 


of  the  First  Lutheran  church  at  Baltimore,  1827- 
60.  He  was  an  intimate  friend  of  George  Pea- 
body,  a  trustee  of  the  Peabody  Institute  and 
its  librarian  in  1860.  He  was  pastor  of  the  Third 
Lutheran  church.  Baltimore.  1864-73,  and  of  the 
Lutheran  church  at  Lutherville,  Md.,  1875-85. 
In  1853,  with  his  brother,  lie  founded  the  Luther 
ville  Ladies'  seminary.  He  was  a  lecturer  on 
natural  history  at  Pennsylvania  college  in  1834 
and  on  pulpit  eloquence  at  the  Evangelical  Luth 
eran  Theological  seminary  in  1874,  besides  deliv 
ering  numerous  lectures  at  the  Smithsonian  In 
stitution,  Washington.  He  was  secretary  of  tin- 
General  synod  in  1839,  president  in  1843  and 
1883  ;  president  of  the  First  Lutheran  church 
Diet,  held  at  Philadelphia  in  1877  ;  a  trustee  of 
Pennsylvania  college,  and  a  director  of  the 
Evangelical  Lutheran  Theological  seminary  for 
many  years.  He  was  a  member  of  many  scienti 
fic  societies  ;  chairman  of  the  entomological  sec 
tion  of  the  American  Association  for  the  Ad 
vancement  of  Science  ;  president  of  the  Maryland 
Bible  society,  and  of  the  Maryland  Historical 
society.  He  traveled  in  Europe  in  1846,  and 
while  in  England  aided  in  the  establishment  of 
the  Evangelical  Alliance  at  London.  He  founded 
the  Academy  of  Lutheran  Church  History,  and 
was  its  first  and  only  president.  The  honorary 
degree  of  D.D.  was  conferred  on  him  by  Penn 
sylvania  college  in  1839,  and  that  of  LL.D.  by  the 
same  college  in  1873.  He  is  the  author  of : 
Catechumen's  and  Communicant's  Companion 
(1831);  Henry  and  Antonio  (1831);  Catechetical 
Exercises  on  Luther's  Catechism  (1832);  Lectures  on 
Geology  (1839);  Popular  Exposition  of  the  Gos 
pels  (2  vols.,  1840);  Life  of  John  Arndt  (1853); 
To  Rome  and  Back  Again  (1853);  Life  of  Martin 
Behaim  (1856):  Life  of  Katharine  de  Bora  (1856); 
The  Blind  Girl  of  Wittenberg  (1856);  (juaint 
Sayings  and  Doings  concerning  Lntlier  (1859); 
Catalogue  of  the  Lepidoptera  of  North  America 
(1860) ;  Synopsis  of  the  Diurnal  Lepidoplera  of  the 
United  States  (1862) ;  The  Lords  Baltimore  (1874); 
Bibliotheca  Lutherana  (1876);  Fifty  Years  in 
the  Lutheran  Ministry  (1878);  A  Day  in  Caper 
naum  (1879);  The  Diet  of  Augsburg  (1879);  Augs 
burg  Confession  and  the  Thirty-nine  Articles 
(1879);  Journeys  of  Luther  (1880);  Luther  at 
Walburg  and  Coburg  (1882);  Life  of  Luther 
(1883);  Lutheran  Doctrine  of  the  Lord's  Supper 
(1884);  Memoirs  of  the,  Stork  Family  (1884).  He 
died  in  Lutherville,  Md.,  Oct.  10,  1895. 

MORRIS,  Lewis,  statesman,  was  born  in  New 
York  city  in  1671  ;  son  of  Richard  and  Sarah 
(Cole)  Morris.  Richard  Morris  an  officer  in 
Cromwell's  army,  immigrated  to  the  West 
Indies  and  subsequently  to  New  York,  and  in 
1650  purchased  from  the  Indians  a  tract  of  3000 
acres  near  Harlem,  which  became  known  as  Mor- 


[5721 


MORRIS 


MORRIS 


risania.  He  died  in  1673.  Lewis  Morris  married 
Isabella  Graham.  He  practised  law  in  New  York 
city,  was  judge  of  the  superior  court  of  New  York 
and  New  Jersey  in  1692,  and  became  a  member  of 
the  governor's  council  and  of  the  state  assembly, 
in  which  body  he  opposed  Governor  Cornlmry, 
drew  up  the  complaint  against  him  and  presented 
it  in  person  to  Queen  Anne.  He  was  chief  justice 
of  New  York  and  New  Jersey,  1710-1738,  gover 
nor's  councillor,  1710-38,  acting  governor  in  17:51 
and  governor  of  New  Jersey,  1738-46,  having  ef 
fected  the  separation  of  New  Jersey  and  New  York, 
1738.  He  died  in  Kingsbury,  N.J.,  May  21,  1746. 

MORRIS,  Lewis,  signer,  was  born  in  Morris 
ania,  N.Y.,  April  8,  1726;  son  of  Judge  Lewis 
(1698-1763)  and  Catharine  (Staats)  Morris  ;  grand 
son  of  Lewis  (1671-1746)  and  Isabella  (Graham) 
Morris,  and  great-grandson  of  Capt.  Richard  and 
Sarah  (Cole)  Morris.  His  father,  chief  justice 

of  the  vice  admiralty 
court,  married  first 
Catharine  Staats,  and 
secondly,  in  1747, 
Sarah  Gouverneur. 
The  son  entered  Yale 
in  the  class  of  1746, 
and  received  the  de 
grees  of  A.B.  and  A. 
M.  in  1790.  He  was 
married  to  Mary  Wal 
ton  and  had  six  sons 
and  four  daughters. 
His  sons,  Col.  Lewis 
Morris,  U.S.A.,  and 
C.'apt.  Richard  Valen 
tine  Morris,  U.S.N., 
served  in  the  Revolutionary  war.  He  devoted 
himself  to  the  management  of  his  large  estate 
and  became  a  successful  farmer.  He  was  op 
posed  to  the  aggressive  measures  of  the  British 
parliament  and  protested  against  the  quar 
tering  of  British  troops  on  the  American  colo 
nists.  Immediately  after  the  battle  of  Lex 
ington  in  1775  he  was  chosen  a  delegate  to  the 
Continental  congress,  taking  his  seat  May  15, 1775. 
He  served  on  the  committee  to  provide  ammuni 
tion  and  supplies  for  the  American  army  of 
which  Washington  was  chairman.  He  was  at 
Fort  Pitt  the  latter  part  of  1775,  where  he  nego 
tiated  with  the  Indians  to  induce  them  to  make 
common  cause  with  the  colonists  against  the 
British.  Early  in  1776  he  returned  to  Philadel 
phia  and  was  appointed  on  several  important 
committees  and  signed  the  Declaration  of  Inde 
pendence  of  July  4,  1776.  He  returned  to  New 
York  in  1777,  having  resigned  his  seat  in  congress 
in  favor  of  his  half-brother  Governeur  in  order 
that  he  might  bring  his  personal  influence  to 
bear  upon  the  citizens  of  New  York  to  sustain 

[5' 


the  cause  of  independence,  showing  them  that 
he  was  himself  a  willing  sufferer,  his  property 
having  been  destroyed  and  his  own  family  exiled 
from  the  state.  From  1777  till  the  evacuation  of 
New  York  in  1783,  he  and  his  family  were  of  ten 
in  actual  want.  Upon  resigning  his  seat  in  con 
gress,  that  body  passed  a  resolution  compliment 
ing  him  on  his  "  long  and  faithful  services."  He 
was  subsequently  a  member  of  the  state  assembly 
and  major-general  of  state  militia.  Upon  the 
evacuation  of  New  York  he  returned  to  his  deso 
lated  farm  at  Morrisania  and  engaged  in  re-estab 
lishing  his  possessions.  He  died  at  Morrisania, 
N.Y.,  Jan.  23,  1798. 

MORRIS,  Lewis  R.,  representative,  was  born 
in  New  York  city,  Nov.  2,  1760.  He  secured  a 
grant  of  land  at  Springfield,  Vt  .,  which  was 
settled  under  a  charter  from  New  York,  and 
removed  to  that  place  in  1786.  He  became  prom 
inent  in  business  affairs  ;  was  a  member  of 
the  convention  meeting  in  Bennington,  Vt.,  to 
ratify  the  Federal  constitution,  and  was  one  of  the 
commissioners  to  congress  that  completed  the  ne 
gotiation  for  the  admission  of  Vermont  into  the 
union  in  1791.  He  was  a  representative  in  the 
general  assembly  in  1795-96,  1803-08  ;  was  secre 
tary  of  the  constitutional  convention  held  in 
Windsor  in  1793  ;  a  Federalist  representative  in 
the  5th,  6th,  and  7th  congresses,  1797-1803,  and 
during  the  long  controversy  over  the  presidential 
election  of  1800,  absented  himself  on  the  thirty- 
sixth  ballot,  thus  allowing  Matthew  Lyon  (q.v.)  to 
cast  the  vote  of  the  state  for  Jefferson.  He  was 
twice  married,  first  to  a  daughter  of  the  Rev. 
Buckley  Olcott  of  Charleston,  N.  H.,  and  secondly 
to  Ellen,  daughter  of  Gen.  Arad  Hunt  of  Vernon, 
Vt.  He  died  in  Springfield,  Vt.,  Dec.  29,  1825. 

MORRIS,  Luzon  Burritt,  governor  of  Connec 
ticut,  was  born  in  Nevvtovvn,  Conn.,  April  16. 1827  ; 
son  of  Eli  Gould  and  Lydia  (Bennett)  Morris, 
and  grandson  of  Daniel  and  Elizabeth  (Burritt) 
Morris.  He  was  graduated  from  Yale,  A.B. , 
1854,  A.M.,  1858,  paying  his 
expenses  through  college  by 
working  in  a  blacksmith  shop 
at  Roxbury  and  in  an  edged 
tool  factory  at  Seymour.  He 
was  a  representative  in  the 
state  legislature,  1855-56.  He 
removed  to  New  Haven,  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  ;  was  again  a  representative  in 
the  state  legislature  in  1870,  1876,  and  1880,  and 
state  senator,  1874-76,  serving  as  president  of  the 
senate.  He  was  probate  judge  of  the  New  Haven 
district,  1857-63,  and  was  chairman  of  the  com 
mission  to  revise  the  probate  laws  of  Connecticut. 
He  was  an  unsuccessful  Democratic  candidate 
for  governor  of  the  stale  in  1888  and  again  in 
1890,  receiving  a  plurality  of  the  votes  cast  in 
18] 


MORRIS 


MORRIS 


1890,  but  failed  to  receive  a  majority  and  the 
election  devolved  on  the  legislature,  which  was 
Republican.  In  1892  lie  was  elected,  serving 
1893-95.  He  was  president  of  the  Connecticut 
Savings  Bank  of  New  Haven.  His  son,  Robert 
Tuttle,  became  a  prominent  surgeon  in  New  York 
city,  and  a  professor  in  the  New  York  Post- 
Graduate  Medical  college.  Governor  Morris  died 
in  New  Haven.  Conn..  Aug.  22.  1S95. 

MORRIS,  Martin  Ferdinand,  jurist,  was  born 
in  Youghal,  Ireland,  Dec.  3.  1830;  son  of  John  F. 
and  Joan  Lawton  (Colbert)  Morris.  His  family 
was  of  Welsh  extraction.  During  his  infancy 
his  parents  visited  America  ;  and  his  father  hav 
ing  died  in  Washington,  his  mother  remained 
there  with  her  children.  Martin  was  educated 
at  the  old  Washington  seminary  and  subsequently 
at  the  University  of  Georgetown,  D.C.,  where  he 
was  graduated  in  1854.  He  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  Baltimore,  Md.,  in  1803,  and  in  1867  settled 
in  practice  in  Washington,  D.C.,  where  he  rose 
to  eminence.  In  1876  he  was  one  of  the  three 
originators  of  the  law  department  of  the  Uni 
versity  of  Georgetown,  and  became  professor  of 
law,  dean  of  the  faculty  and  lecturer  upon  con 
stitutional  and  international  law.  He  also  served 
as  president  of  the  bar  association  of  the  District 
of  Columbia  ;  as  a  member  of  the  American  Bar 
association  ;  of  the  Literary  Society  of  Washing 
ton,  and  of  the  American  Academy  of  Political 
and  Social  Science.  He  also  became  counsel  for 
the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  Railroad  company  ;  for 
Cardinal  Gibbons,  and  for  most  of  the  institutions 
of  the  Roman  Catholic  church  in  the  District  of 
Columbia.  In  1886  he  declined  the  position  of 
chief  justice  of  the  supreme  court  of  the  District 
of  Columbia,  tendered  by  President  Cleveland, 
but  accepted  from  the  President  the  position 
oT  associate  justice  of  the  court  of  appeals  of 
the  District  of  Columbia  upon  its  organization  in 
1893.  He  was  elected  a  life  member  of  the  Society 
of  Alumni  of  Georgetown  university  and  received 
from  that  university  the  honorary  degree  of  LL. 
D.  in  1877.  He  is  the  author  of  monographs  and 
addresses  including  :  The  East,  a  paper  on  the 
literature  of  Hindustan  (Washington  Literary 
society,  1880);  Centennial  Address  (University  of 
Georgetown,  1880)  ;  Conflict  between  the  Civil 
Law  of  Rome  andtlie  Common  Law  of  England 
(University  of  Georgetown,  1890);  Origin  of 
Civil  Liberty — or  the  World's  Indebtedness  to 
Israel  (United  Hebrew  Charities  of  Washington, 
January,  1892);  Christopher  Cohimbns  (Literary 
Society  of  Washington,  1892):  and  History  of  the 
Development  of  Constitutional  and  Civil  Liberty 
(1898). 

MORRIS,  Page,  representative,  was  born  in 
Lynchburg,  Va.,  June  30,  1853  ;  son  of  Dr.  Wil 
liam  S.  and  Laura  Page  (Waller)  Morris;  grand 


son  of  Richard  Morris  of  Hanover,  Va.,  and  of 
Dr.  Robert  P.  Waller  of  Williamsburg,  Va.,  and 
a  descendant  of  Gen.  Hugh  Mercer  (q.v.)  He 
attended  a  private  school  and  William  and  Mary 
college,  and  was  graduated  from  the  Virginia 
Military  institute  in  1872.  He  was  assistant  pro 
fessor  of  mathematics  at  the  Virginia  Military 
institute,  1872-73 ;  professor  of  mathematics  in 
the  Texas  Military  institute,  1873-75,  and  profes 
sor  of  applied  mathematics  in  the  Agricultural 
and  Mechanical  college  of  Texas,  1876-79.  He 
was  married  Feb.  21,  1877,  to  Elizabeth  Statham, 
of  Lynchburg,  Va.  He  studied  law  and  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in  1880,  and  practised' in  Lynch 
burg.  Va.  He  was  the  unsuccessful  candidate 
for  representative  in  the  49th  congress  from  Vir 
ginia  in  1884.  In  1886  he  removed  to  Dulutli, 
Minn.  He  was  municipal  judge  of  the  city  of 
Duluth,  1889-93;  city  attorney,  1894-95,  and  dis 
trict  judge  of  the  llth  judicial  district  of  Minne 
sota,  1895-96.  He  was  a  Republican  representa 
tive  from  Minnesota  in  the  55th,  56th  and  57th 
congresses.  1897-1903. 

MORRIS,  Phineas  Pemberton,  educator,  was 
born  in  Bucks  county,  Pa.,  May  2,  1817  ;  son  of 
James  Pemberton  Morris.  He  was  graduated 
from  Georgetown  college,  D.C.,  A.B.,  1836,  A.M., 
1839 ;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1840  ;  was 
elected  president  of  the  Law  Academy  of  Phila 
delphia  in  1840,  and  was  vice-prevost  of  that 
institution,  1863-64.  He  was  professor  of  practice, 
pleading  and  evidence  at  law  at  the  University 
of  Pennsylvania,  1862-84,  and  professor  emeritus, 
1884-88.  The  honorary  degree  of  LL.D.  was 
conferred  on  him  by  the  University  of  Pennsyl 
vania  in  1884.  He  edited  John  W.  Smith's  "  Land 
lord  and  Tenant  (1856),  and  is  the  author  of: 
Treatise  on  the  Law  of  Repleven  (1849),  and 
Mining  Rights  in  Pennsylvania  (1860).  He  died 
in  Philadelphia.  Pa,,  March  1,  1888. 

MORRIS,  Robert,  signer,  was  born  in  Liver 
pool,  England,  Jan.  31 , 1734  ;  son  of  Robert  Morris, 
a  prominent  merchant  of  Liverpool,  who  immi 
grated  to  Oxford,  Md.,  in  1747,  and  was  mortally 
wounded  by  the  wadding  of  a  gun  which  was 
being  fired  in  his  honor,  and  died  in  1750.  Robert 
Jr.,  was  sent  to  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  in  1748,  and 
placed  in  the  mercantile  house  of  Charles  Willing. 
He  inherited  his  father's  large  estate,  and  upon 
the  death  of  Charles  Willing  in  1754,  formed 
a  partnership  with  Thomas  Willing  and  carried 
on  the  business.  He  was  married,  Feb.  27,  1769, 
to  Mary,  daughter  of  Col.  Thomas  White  and  sis 
ter  to  William  White,  the  first  bishop  of  Pennsyl 
vania.  Morris  was  active  in  agitating  Revolution 
ary  measures,  signed  the  non-importation  agree 
ment,  1765.  and  was  a  member  of  the  committee 
which  forced  the  stamp  distributor  to  desist  from 
the  administration  of  his  office.  Upon  the  out- 


MORRIS 


MORRIS 


break  of  the  war  lie  was  a  member  of  the  com 
mittee  of  safety  of  Pennsylvania,  and  was  on  a 
sub-committee  charged  with  secretly  importing 
arms  and  munitions  for  the  Continental  army. 
In  October.  1775.  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
Provincial  assembly,  and  he  was  a  delegate  to  the 
Continental  congress,  1776-78.  He  \vasa  member 

of  the  secret  commit 
tee  and  of  the  com 
mittee  of  secret  cor 
respondence,  and  was 
employed  by  congress 
to  buy  lulls  of  ex 
change  or  specie 
when  it  was  needed. 
He  was  opposed  to 
the  Declaration  of 
Independence  and 
voted  against  its 
adoption  on  July  2. 
1770,  absenting  hiin- 
self  July  4.  He  how- 
ever  signed  the  instru- 
ment  with  the  other 

members  of  congress.  In  November,  1776,  he  was 
elected  a  representative  in  the  first  state  assembly 
but  the  dissatisfaction  produced  in  the  state  by 
the  adoption  of  the  state  constitution  prevented 
the  assembly  from  organizing  until  December. 
He  was  chairman  of  the  committee  to  care  for 
the  affairs  of  Philadelphia  from  the  advance  of 
Howe  across  New  Jersey  to  the  consequent  ad 
journment  of  congress  to  Baltimore,  Dec.  20,  177(5. 
He  transacted  most  of  the  official  business  of  the 
colonies  during  December  and  January,  prepared 
the  ships  which  belonged  to  the  Revolutionists  for 
sea  in  order  to  prevent  their  capture,  provided 
Washington  with  sums  of  money,  managed  the 
accounts  of  the  committees,  took  charge  of  the 
incoming  cargoes  and  reported  in  full  to  congress 
and  to  Washington  and  Deane.  Congress  re 
turned  to  Philadelphia  March  4, 1777,  but  upon  the 
capture  of  the  city  by  Howe,  congress  adjourned 
to  Lancaster.  September  18.  and  held  one  session, 
September  27,  and  then  adjourned  to  York,  Pa., 
where  it  continued  its  session  from  Sept.  30,  1777 
to  June  27,  177*.  with  a  greatly  diminished  mem 
bership.  The  work  of  exporting  American  prod 
ucts  being  abandoned,  Morris  removed  to  his 
estate  at  Manheim.  lie  was  a  member  of  the 
committee  sent  to  Valley  Forge  to  inquire  into 
the  condition  of  the  army  and  to  urge  Washing 
ton  to  attack  Howe  in  Philadelphia.  He  was  a 
representative  in  the  state  assembly.  1778-79.  and 
engaged  very  successfully  in  privateering  during 
1780.  increasing  his  fortune  to  nearly  t\vo  million 
dollars.  In  October,  1780,  he  was  returned  to  the 
assembly.  He  opposed  the  issue  of  paper  money, 
was  a  prime  mover  in  establishing  the  Pennsyl 


AMERICA 


vania  Bank,  June  8.  1780,  heading  the  list  of 
subscribers  with  £10,000,  and  exerted  himself  to 
secure  the  repeal  of  the  embargo  act.  On  Feb. 
20,  1781,  he  was  elected  superintendent  of  finance. 
When  he  entered  upon  his  office  in  June  the 
treasury  was  in  a  state  of  great  disorder,  its  only 
resource  being  worthless  bills  of  exchange  drawn 
on  the  envoys  of  the  United  States  in  France, 
Spain  and  Holland.  On  May  17,  1781,  he  presented 
to  congress  his  plan  for  the  establishment  of  the 
Bank  of  North  America,  and  on  May  28  it  was 
approved  \)y 
congress,  and 
he  published 
an  address  in 
which  he  set 
forth  the  ne 
cessity  and 
prudence  of 
the  measure- 
His  first  sub 
scription  to 
the  stock  was 
98  shares  of 
§400  each. 
Morris  was 
called  upon 
to  provide  the 
resources  for 
the  dislodge- 


ment  of  the  English  from  New  York.  He  bor 
rowed  twenty  thousand  dollars  from  French 
officers,  which  he  repaid  from  the  $470,000  which 
John  Laurens  brought  from  France.  In  Febru 
ary,  1782,  France  made  another  loan  of  $.1,200,000, 
and  later  in  the  year  some  income  from  taxes 
began  to  be  received.  The  Continental  paper 
money  disappeared  in  1781  and  specie  took  its 
place.  Morris  met  with  great  opposition  in  the 
south  and  was  suspected  of  vxporting  tobacco 
under  government  account  for  private  advantage. 
In  January,  1783,  a  committee  came  from  the  army 
officers  to  present  a  complaint  to  congress  that 
the  promises  made  to  them  had  not  been  kept. 
Morris  advised  that  a  confidential  committee  be 
appointed,  and  upon  its  assembly  he  explained  to 
them  that  he  had  largely  overdrawn  on  the 
bankers  in  Europe  and  could  draw  no  more  with 
out  the  special  approval  of  congress.  This  plan 
congress  agreed  to,  but  refused  to  pass  an  impost, 
preferring  to  borrow  from  France.  Morris,  finding 
himself  unsupported  by  congress,  resigned  as 
superintendent  of  finance.  Congress  was  deeply 
impressed  by  this  move  and  placed  an  injunction 
of  secrecy  on  his  letter  of  resignation,  which  was 
not  raised  until  Feb.  26,  1783.  In  April  he  was 
requested  to  continue  in  office  and  to  carry 
through  an  issue  of  paper  for  the  purpose  of  pay 
ing  off  the  army.  This  he  accepted  and  caused 
15751 


MORRIS 


MORRIS 


notes  to  be  issued  to  the  amount  of  $800,000,  giving 
his  name  and  credit  as  security.  In  August, 
1783,  American  independence  being  assured,  he 
hoped  that  a  loan  might  be  contracted  ;  but 
when  news  reached  Holland  that  part  of  the 
army  had  mutinied  and  besieged  congress  at  Phila 
delphia,  the  sale  of  American  bonds  diminished. 
During  1784  Morris  succeeded  in  discharging  the 
debt  and  retired  from  office  Nov.  1,  1784.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  state  assembly  in  1785-87  ; 
a  representative  in  the  convention  that  met  in 
1787  to  combine  the  states. into  a  union  ;  was  a 
member  of  the  constitutional  convention,  and 
nominated  Washington  for  president  of  the  con 
vention.  He  declined  the  office  of  secretary  of  the 
treasury,  and  was  one  of  the  first  U.S.  senators 
from  Pennsylvania,  1789-95.  The  city  of  Wash 
ington  was  laid  out  in  1792,  and  in  1793  Robert 
Morris  and  James  Greenleaf  purchased  six  thou 
sand  lots  at  eighty  dollars  each,  and  agreed  to 
build  annually  twenty  brick  houses.  In  1795-96, 
Morris  and  Greenleaf  became  embarrassed  and 
were  obliged  to  make  an  assignment  of  their 
property.  The  notes  which  Morris  had  issued 
then  became  worthless,  and  he  was  imprisoned 
for  debt  from  Feb.  1(5,  1798.  until  Aug.  26,  1801. 
He  died  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  May  8.  1806. 

MORRIS,  Robert  Hunter,  proprietary  gov 
ernor  of  Pennsylvania,  was  born  in  Morrisania, 
N.Y.,  about  1700  ;  son  of  Gov.  Lewis  and  Isabella 
(Graham)  Morris.  He  studied  law,  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  and  was  chief  justice  of  New  York  and 
New  Jersey,  1738-64,  and  a  member  of  the  New 
Jersey  council,  1788-58.  In  1754  he  succeeded 
Governor  Hamilton  as  deputy  governor  of  Penn 
sylvania,  serving  until  Aiigust,  1756,  when  he 
was  relieved  by  William  Denny.  During  his  term 
occurred  Braddock's  defeat  near  Fort  Du  Quesne, 
July  9,  1755,  which  left  the  frontier  unprotected 
and  the  defenceless  settlers  in  a  panic.  The  as 
sembly  voted  an  appropriation  of  fifty  thousand 
pounds  to  be  used  to  afford  protection  to  the 
settlers,  but  Governor  Morris  returned  it  without 
his  approval,  because  it  provided  for  taxing  the 
property  of  the  proprietors  as  well  as  other 
estates,  and  on  account  of  this  act  he  was  severely 
criticized  and  the  assembly  was  obliged  to  vote 
fifteen  thousand  pounds,  to  be  drawn  on  the 
trustees  of  the  loan  office.  The  abandonment  of 
the  campaign  by  the  British  left  the  frontier  open 
to  the  attack  of  the  Indians,  and  the  most  blood 
thirsty  outrages  were  committed.  It  was  esti 
mated  that  during  the  year  1755  nearly  three  thou 
sand  settlers  were  massacred.  In  1756  Governor 
Morris  formally  declared  war  against  the  hostile 
Indians,  notwithstanding  the  vigorous  protest 
made  by  the  Quakers  in  the  assembly.  Upon  his 
retirement  in  175C>  lie  returned  to  New  Jersey. 
He  died  in  Shrewsburv,  N.J.,  Feb.  20,  1764. 


MORRIS,  Samuel  Wells,  representative,  was 
born  in  Philadelphia,  Pa...  Sept.  1,  1786  ;  son  of 
Benjamin  Wistar,  grandson  of  Capt.  Samuel 
(1734-1812),  and  a  descendant,  through  Samuel 
(1711-1782),  and  Anthony  (1682-1783),  from  An 
thony  Morris  (1(554-1721).  the  immigrant.  He 
practised  law  in  Wellsborongh,  Pa.;  was  married 
to  Anna,  daughter  of  Mercy  Ellis,  a  Quaker 
preacher  ;  was  judge  of  the  district  court,  and  a 
Democratic  representative  in  the  25th  and  26th 
congresses,  1887-41.  Ht>  died  in  Wellsborough, 
Tioga  county.  Pa.,  May  25.  1847. 

MORRIS,  Thomas,  senator,  was  born  in 
Berks  county,  Pa.,  Jan.  ',}.  177(5;  the  fifth  son  of 
Isaac  and  Ruth  (llenton)  Morris,  and  a  descend 
ant  from  Thomas  Morris,  who  came  from  Eng 
land  to  Massachusetts  Hay  colony,  June  3,  1637, 
and  on  March  80,  K53N.  sailed  from  Boston  for 
Quinnipiac  (Xew  Haven),  settling  there  about 
April  15.  1628.  He  was  brought  upon  a  farm  and 
received  his  early  education  from  his  mother. 
He  enlisted  as  a  ranger  and  fought  against  tlie 
Indians  in  1792.  lie  removed  to  Columbia,  Ohio 
(now  a  part  of  Cincinnati),  in  1795,  and  was  a 
clerk  in  the  first  store  established  in  the  place. 
He  married  Rachel,  youngest  daughter  of  Ben 
jamin  and  Mary  Davis,  and  they  had  five  sons  and 
six  daughters.  His  wife  died  Jan.  16,  1852.  In 
1800  he  removed  to  Williamsburg,  Clermont 
county,  and  in  1802  took  up  the  study  of  law 
while  carrying  on  his  business  as  a  farmer  and 
brick  manufacturer.  In  1804  he  gained  admission 
to  the  bar  and  removed  his  family  to  Bethel, 
where  he  conducted  a  farm  and  opened  a  law 
office.  He  was  a  representative  from  Clermont 
county  in  the  Ohio  legislature,  1806-07  ;  from 
Clermont  and  Champaign,  1808-09  :  from  Cler 
mont,  1810-12,  and  1820-21  ;  was  a  state  sen 
ator  from  Clermont,  1818-15,  1821-23,  1825-29  and 
1831-33  and  was  a  judge  of  the  supreme  court  of 
the  state,  1815-21.  He  was  elected  U.S.  senator, 
Dec.  15,  1832,  and  served,  1833-39.  He  is  said  to 
have  been  the  first  man  to  denounce  slavery  on 
the  floor  of  congress.  In  1838  he  replied  to  a 
speech  of  John  C.  Calhoun  against  the  "  Right  of 
Petition,"  and  in  1839  replied  to  Henry  Clay,  in 
which  speech  he  defended  abolitionists  and  the 
right  to  agitate  the  question  of  slavery.  In  the 
Ohio  legislature  he  advocated  high  license,  free 
dom  of  worship,  and  the  public  school  system, 
and  in  1812  obtained  the  passage  of  an  exemp 
tion  bill  for  the  head  of  a  family.  He  opposed 
the  introduction  of  lotteries  in  the  state,  im 
prisonment  for  debt  and  the  canal  system,  lie 
was  nominated  by  the  Liberty  party  at  Buf 
falo,  N.Y.,  August.  1H43,  for  Vice-President  of 
the  United  States  on  the  ticket  with  J.  G.  Birney 
for  President.  He  died  near  Bethel,  Ohio,  Dec. 
7,  1844. 


[57GJ 


MORRIS 


MORRIS 


MORRIS,  Thomas  Asbury,  M.  E.  bishop. 
•was  born  near  Charle&town,  Va.,  April  28,  1794; 
son  of  John  and  Margaret  Morris,  who  settled  on 
the  Kanawha  river  in  178.").  He  attended  a 
private  school,  was  assistant  to  his  brother 
Edmund,  clerk  of  the  county,  and  although 
his  parents  were  Baptists,  became  a  Methodist 
minister  in  1814,  and  traveled  his  circuit  on 
horseback,  preaching  almost  every  day  and  cover 
ing  the  entire  Ohio  conference  for  twelve  years. 
I  n  1826  he  was  partially  disabled  by  paralysis.  He 
was  editor  of  the  Western  Christian  Advocate  in 
Cincinnati,  1884-36.  and  in  188(5  was  elected  a 
bishop.  He  \vas  the  senior  bishop  of  his  church, 
1838-74.  The  honorary  degree  of  D.D.  was  con 
ferred  on  him  by  McKendree  college  in  1841.  He 
is  the  author  of  a  work  on  Church  Polity;  a 
volume  of  sermons  ;  a  volume  entitled  Essays, 
biographical  Sketches  and  Notes  of  Travel 
( 1 851 )  ;  and  Sketches  of  Western  Methodism  (1852) . 
He  died  in  Springfield.  Ohio,  Sept.  2,  1874. 

MORRIS,  William  Hopkins,  soldier,  was 
born  in  New  York  city,  April  22,  1826  ;  son  of 
Gen.  George  Pope  Morris  (q.v.).  He  was  gradu 
ated  from  the  U.S.  Military  academy  in  1851  ; 
was  promoted  2d  lieutenant,  Dec.  3,  1851  ;  served 
at  Fort  Yuma,  Cal.,  1852-53,  and  resigned  his 
commission  in  the  U.S.  army.  Feb.  28,  1854.  He 
was  assistant  editor  of  the  New  York  Home 
Journal,  1854-61,  and  on  Aug.  20,  1861,  joined 
the  volunteer  army  as  captain  of  staff  and  assist 
ant  adjutant-general.  He  served  in  the  defences 
of  Washington,  D.C.,  1861-62.  and  was  on  the 
staff  of  Gen.  J.  J.  Peck,  Army  of  the  Potomac, 
during  the  Peninsula  campaign  in  1862,  his  bat 
tles  including  Yorktown,  Williamsburg  and  Fair 
Oaks.  He  resigned  his  staff  position,  Sept.  1, 
1862.  to  accept  the  colonelcy  of  the  135th  New 
York  volunteers,  and  was  transferred  to  the  6th 
artillery,  Sept.  2,  1862.  He  was  promoted  brig 
adier-general  of  volunteers,  Nov.  29,  1862,  and 
took  part  in  the  defence  of  Maryland  Heights  and 
Harper's  Ferry  in  1862.  He  commanded  the  6th 
artillery  held  in  reserve  at  Gettysburg,  July  1-3, 
1863  ;  took  part  in  the  action  of  Wapping  Heights, 
•July  23,  1863  ;  in  the  Rapidan  campaign,  where 
he  commanded  the  1st  brigade,  3d  division,  6th 
army  corps,  and  took  part  in  the  action  at  Locust 
Grove,  Nov.  29,  1863.  He  participated  in  the  bat 
tle  of  the  Wilderness,  May,  1864,  and  in  the  action 
near  Spottsylvania,  May  9,  1864,  where  he  com 
manded  the  6th  army  corps  after  the  transfer  of 
General  Wright  to  the  command  of  the  corps  on 
the  death  of  General  Sedgwick,  and  where  he  was 
severe!}'  wounded,  and  was  on  sick  leave  of  ab 
sence.  May  and  June,  1864.  He  was  on  courts 
martial  and  military  commissions  in  July  and 
August,  1884,  and  was  mustered  out  of  service, 
Aug.  24,  1864.  He  was  brevetted  major-general 


of  U.S.  volunteers  for  gallant  and  meritorious 
services  in  the  battle  of  the  Wilderness,  March 
13,  1865.  He  retired  to  "  Briarcliff,"  his  estate  in 
Putnam  county,  N.Y.,  and  was  a  member  of  the 
state  constitutional  convention  of  1869,  serving 
as  chairman  of  the  military  committee.  He  was 
chief  of  ordnance,  N.G.S.N.Y.,  1866-70.  He 
invented  a  conical  repeating  carbine  in  1859,  and 
is  the  author  of  :  A  System  of  Infantry  Tactics 
(1865)  ;  Tactics  for  Infantry  Armed  icith  Breech- 
Loading  or  Magazine  Rifles  (1882).  He  died  at 
Long  Branch,  N.J.,  Aug.  26,  1900. 

MORRIS,  William  Walton,  soldier,  was  born 
at  Ballston  Spa,  N.Y.,  Aug.  31,  1801.  He  was 
graduated  from  the  U.S.  Military  academy  in 
1820,  and  was  promoted  2nd  lieutenant  of  6th 
infantry  ;  was  promoted  1st  lieutenant,  Aug.  11, 
1823 ;  served  011  frontier  and  garrison  duty  ; 
was  transferred  to  the  4th  artillery,  July  30, 1824, 
and  was  in  garrison  at  Charleston  Harbor,  1832- 
33.  He  was  promoted  captain,  Dec.  17,  1836,  and 
took  part  in  the  Florida  war,  1836-37,  as  major  of 
the  mounted  Creek  volunteers,  being  brevetted 
major,  Jan.  27,  1837,  for  "gallant  conduct  on 
several  occasions  and  general  efficiency  in  the 
war  against  the  Florida  Indians."  He  served  on 
the  northern  frontier  during  the  Canadian  disturb 
ances,  1839-41  ;  was  hi  Texas,  1845-46,  and  in 
the  war  with  Mexico  as  major  of  the  artillery- 
battalion  of  the  army  of  occupation,  being  en 
gaged  in  the  battles  of  Palo  Alto  and  Resaca  de 
la  Palma.  He  was  prefect  of  police  and  alcalde 
of  Tampico,  1846-47,  and  of  Puebla,  Mexico,  1847- 
48.  He  was  U.S.  agent  of  the  Indians  in  Florida, 
1848-49,  and  was  in  garrison  at  New  York,  1850- 
56.  He  was  promoted  major,  Nov.  4,  1853 ; 
served  in  Florida,  1856-57,  and  in  Kansas,  1857- 
58.  At  the  outbreak  of  the  civil  war  he  was  pro 
moted  lieutenant-colonel,  and  was  stationed  at 
Fort  McHenry,  Baltimore,  Md.,  in  command  of 


the  harbor  defence,  1861-65.  He  quelled  the 
Baltimore  riots,  April  19,  1861,  by  training  the 
guns  of  the  fort  on  the  rioters.  He  was  promoted 
colonel  and  transferred  to  the  2d  artillery,  Nov. 
1,  1861  ;  was  brevetted  brigadier-general,  June  9, 
1862  ;  commanded  the  Middle  department  and  the 
8th  army  corps,  1865,  and  was  brevetted  major- 
general,  Dec.  10,  1865.  He  died  at  Fort  McHenry, 
Md.,  Dec.  11,  1865. 


[577] 


MORRISON 


MORRISON 


MORRISON,  Charles  Robert,  jurist  and  au 
thor,  was  Lorn  in  Bath,  N.H.,  Jan.  22,  181!)  :  son 
of  William  and  Stira  (Young)  Morrison  :  grand 
son  of  Samuel  Morrison  of  Londonderry.  X.H.. 
and  a  cousin  of  George  Washington  Morrison 
(q.v).  He  received  a  good  education  at  New- 
burv,  Vt.,  studied  law  and  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  of  Grafton  county.  N.H.,  in  July,  1812.  He 
married  Susan,  daughter  of  Solomon  Fitch  of 
Littleton,  N.H.,  Dec.  22,  1842.  He  was  circuit 
justice  of  the  court  of  common  pleas  of  New 
Hampshire,  1851-5.1.  He  served  during  the  civil 
war  as  adjutant  of  the  llth  New  Hampshire  regi 
ment,  1862-64.  and  was  three  times  wounded. 
He  returned  to  his  practice  of  the  law  at  Man 
chester  in  1884,  and  removed  to  Concord,  N.H., 
in  1887.  He  is  the  author  of  :  Digest  of  Cases 
Determined  in  the  Superior  and  Supreme  Judicial 
Courts  of  Netv  Hampshire  (1868  and  1890)  ;  Neiv 
Hampshire  Probate  Directory  (1870  and  1884)  ; 
Justice  and  Sheriff  and  Attorney's  Assistant 
(1872)  ;  Town  Officer  (1868  and  1876)  :  Di (jest  of 
the  Laws  of  Xew  Hampshire  relating  to  Common 
Schools  (1869  and  1876)  ;  and  Proofs  of  Christ's 
Resurrection  from  a  Lawyer's  Standpoint  (1882, 
revised,  1885).  He  prepared  a  history  of  his 
branch  of  the  Morrison  family,  which  was  pub 
lished  in  the  Morrison  genealogy  (1880).  He  died 
in  Concord,  N.H.,  Sept.  15,  1893. 

MORRISON,  George  Washington,  repre 
sentative,  was  born  in  Fairlee,  Vt. ,  Oct.  16,  1809  ; 
son  of  James  and  Martha  (Polton)  Morrison  ; 
grandson  of  Samuel  Morrison  of  West  Fairlee, 
Vt.,  and  a  descendant  of  Samuel  Morrison,  one  of 
the  grantees  of  the  town  of  Londonderry,  N.H. 
He  attended  school  at  Thetford,  Vt.,  studied  law, 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  of  Orange  county,  Vt., 
in  1835,  and  began  practice  in  Manchester,  N.H., 
in  1836.  On  Nov.  5,  1838,  he  married  Maria  L., 
daughter  of  the  Hon.  Lyman  Fitch  of  Thetford, 
Vt.  He  was  a  representative  in  the  state  legis 
lature  in  1840,  1841,  1844,  1819  and  1850.  and 
county  solicitor,  1845-48.  He  was  elected  a 
Democratic  representative  in  the  31st  congress, 
Oct.  8,  1850,  to  fill  the  vacancy  caused  by  the 
resignation  of  James  Wilson,  and  was  re-elected 
to  the  33d  congress,  serving  1850-51  and  1853-55. 
He  was  opposed  to  the  Kansas-Nebraska  bill,  not 
withstanding  his  friendship  for  President  Pierce. 
He  died  at  Manchester,  N.H..  Dec.  21,  1888. 

MORRISON,  Henry  Clay,  bishop  in  the 
Methodist  Episcopal  church,  south,  was  born  in 
Montgomery  county,  Tenn.,  May  30,  1842  ;  son  of 
Robert  and  Mary  (Duvall)  Morrison,  and  grand 
son  of  Josiah  and  Nancy  (Wells)  Morrison  and  of 
Colmore  and  Mary  Duvall,  who  removed  from 
Virginia  to  Tennessee  about  the  year  1800.  He 
was  brought  up  on  a  farm,  and  availed  himself  of 
every  opportunity  to  acquire  an  education.  His 


parents  removed  to  Kentucky  and  settled  near 
Maylield,  where  he  taught  school,  1860-63.  He  was 
licensed  as  a  local  preacher  in  1863.  and  served 
as  volunteer  chaplain  in  the  8th  Kentucky 
mounted  infantry.  C.S.A.,  under  Gen.  N.  B.  For 
rest,  during  the  last 
year  of  the  civil  war. 
In  the  fall  of  1865  he 
was  admitted  on  trial 
into  the  Louisville 
conference  of  the 
Methodist  Episcopal 
church,  south,  as 
signed  to  the  Millers- 
town  circuit.  He 
served  successively 
at  Bardstovvn,  1865, 
Elizabethtown,  1866- 
67,  and  Middletown, 
1868-71.  He  was 
married  in  June, 
'  1868,  to  Mrs.  Mary  E. 
Ray  of  Nelson  county,  Ky.  He  was  in  Louis 
ville,  at  Shelby  street,  1871-75  ;  Broadway.  1875- 
79,  and  Chestnut  street,  1879-83.  Meantime  he 
studied  the  ancient  languages  for  four  years 
under  a  private  preceptor.  He  was  stationed  at 
Russelville,  Ky.,  1884-85,  and  in  1886  was  trans 
ferred  to  the  North  Georgia  conference  and  sta 
tioned  at  First  church,  Atlanta,  1886-90.  He  was 
missionary  secretary,  1890-98,  and  in  the  latter 
part  of  this  service  he  privately  raised  $140,000 
and  paid  of!  the  debt  on  the  missionary  board  of 
the  church.  At  the  general  conference  of  1898. 
held  at  Baltimore,  Md.,  he  was  elected  to  the 
episcopacy  and  soon  after  removed  to  Louisville, 
Ky.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  General  Confer 
ence  five  times  in  succession,  and  held  office  in 
that  body  three  times.  The  Alabama  Agricult 
ural  College  conferred  on  him  the  honorary  de 
gree  of  D.I),  in  1882. 

MORRISON,  James  Dow,  fust  missionary 
bishop  of  Dul nth  and  182d  in  succession  in  the 
American  espiscopate,  was  born  in  W^addington, 
N.Y.,  Oct.  16,  1814;  son  of  the  Rev.  John  and 
Mary  (Dow)  Morrison  :  grandson  of  James  Mori- 
son  of  Glasgow,  and  a,  descendant  of  the  Morisons 
of  Stirling,  Scotland.  He  was  graduated  from 
McGill  university.  Montreal,  A.B.,  1865,  A.M., 
1868.  and  was  married  in  1869  to  Harriet,  young- 
est  daughter  of  the  Rev.  Mr.  Townsend,  canon  of 
Christ  Church  cathedral,  Montreal,  and  rector  of 
Clarenceville.  He  was  ordained  deacon,  1869  ; 
in  charge  of  a  church  at  Hemmingford,  Canada, 
1869-70  ;  was  ordained  priest  in  1870,  and  was 
rector  of  Christ  church,  Herkimer.  N.Y.,  1871-75, 
and  of  St.  John's,  Ogdensburg,  N.Y.,  1875-97. 
He  was  arch-deacon  of  Ogdensburg,  1881-97  :  a 
delegate  to  the  general  conventions  of  the  P.  E. 


[578] 


MORRISON 


MORRISON 


church,  1S8I5-95.  and  was  consecrated  missionary 
bishop  of  Duluth,  Feb.  2,  1897,  by  Bishops  Doane, 
Huntington,  Scarborough,  Starkey.  Walker.  Gil 
bert.  Wells,  Lawrence 
and  Cheshire,  and 
Hamilton  of  Ottawa. 
The  honorary  degree 
*  of  D.D.  was  confer 
red  on  him  by  Union 
college,  N.Y.,  in  1879, 
and  the  degree  of 
LL.D.  after  examina 
tion,  by  McGill  uni 
versity  in  1880.  In 
1898  he  was  appoint 
ed  Paddock  lecturer 
to  the  General  Theo 
logical  seminary, 
Xew  York,  and  the 
lectures  were  pub 
lished  under  the  title  "  Fundamental  Church 
Principles." 

MORRISON,  John  Irwin,  educationist,  was 
born  near  Chambersburg,  Pa.,  July  25,  1806  :  son 
of  Robert  and  Ann  (Irwin)  Morrison.  He  re 
moved  to  Washington  county,  Ind.,  in  1826,  and 
was  graduated  from  Miami  university,  Ohio,  A.B., 
1828,  A.M.,  1831.  He  was  married,  in  1832,  to 
Catherine,  daughter  of  Benoni  and  Rebecca  (True- 
blood)  Morris,  who  was  a  graduate  of  Westtown 
seminary.  Pa.,  and  who  assisted  him  in  building 
and  establishing  Salem  Female  institute  at  Salem, 
Ind.,  in  1835.  He  was  a  representative  in  the 
Indiana  house  of  representatives. 1839-40;  professor 
of  languages  in  the  Indiana  State  university, 
Bloomington,  1840-43;  and  state  senator,  1847-50. 
As  a  delegate  to  the  constitutional  convention 
of  Indiana,  1850-51,  he  was  chairman  of  the 
committee  on  education,  drafting  the  article  on 
education,  and  was  the  author  of  the  section 
creating  the  office  of  state  superintendent  of 
public  instruction.  He  was  treasurer  of  Washing 
ton  county,  1856-60  ;  U.S.  commissioner  in  the 
provost  marshal's  office,  1863-65,  and  state  treas 
urer.  1865-67.  He  removed  in  1872  to  Knights- 
town,  Ind.,  where  he  was  president  of  the  school 
board,  1874-77.  He  was  a  trustee  of  Indiana 
university,  1846-49.  1850-55  and  1873-78,  being 
president  of  the  board  during  most  of  the  time. 
He  died  at  Knightstown,  Ind.,  July  17,  1882. 

MORRISON,  Nathan  Jackson,  educator,  was 
born  in  Franklin,  N.H.,  Nov.  25.  1828  ;  son  of 
Nathan  and  Susannah  (Chase)  Morrison,  and 
grandson  of  Bradbury  and  Anna  (Sanborn) 
Morrison  and  of  Jonathan  and  Lucy  (Preseott) 
Chase.  He  was  graduated  from  Dartmouth  col 
lege  in  1853,  and  from  Oberlin  Theological  sem 
inary,  1854-57  ;  was  a  tutor  in  Oberlin  college, 
1855-57  ;  was  ordained  pastor  of  the  Congrega 


tional  church  at  Rochester,  Mich.,  Feb.  11, 
was  professor  of  Greek  and  Lain  at  Olivet  col 
lege,  1859-65  ;  professor  of  men 
tal  and  moral  philosophy  and 
president  of  Olivet  college 
1865-72;  organizer  and  presi 
dent  of  Drury  college,  Spring 
field,  Mo.,  1873-88  ;  professor 
of  philosophy  at  Marietta  col 
lege,  1888-95,  and  was  the  or 
ganizer  of  Fairmont  college.  Wichita,  Kan.,  and 
elected  its  first  president  in  1895.  He  was  made 
a  member  of  the  American  Association  for  the 
Advancement  of  Science  in  1830.  The  honorary 
degree  of  A.M.  was  conferred  on  him  by  Oberlin 
college  in  1856,  that  of  D.D.  by  Dartmouth  col 
lege  in  1868,  and  LL.D.  by  the  University  of  the 
State  of  Missouri  in  1884.  He  was  married  July  8, 
1863.  to  Miranda  Capen,  daughter  of  Isaac  M.  and 
Sarah  (Capen)  Dimond  of  Brooklyn,  N.Y.  His 
son,  Theodore  H.  Morrison,  LL.B.,  was  appointed 
librarian  of  Fairmont  college  in  1898.  He  is  the 
author  of  numerous  addresses  and  sermons  pub 
lished  in  church  periodicals. 

MORRISON,  Robert  Francis,  jurist,  was  born 
in  Illinois,  1826.  He  served  throughout  the  Mexi 
can  war  as  a  non-commissioned  officer  in  the 
regiment  of  his  brother,  Col.  Don  Morrison  of  St. 
Louis,  and  distinguished  himself  at  Buena  Vista. 
He  removed  to  California  in  1852,  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  Sacramento,  and  formed  a  partner 
ship  with  J.  Neely  Johnson.  He  removed  to  San 
Francisco,  where  he  practised  law  with  James  T. 
Boyd,  and  later  returned  to  Sacramento,  where 
he  was  district  attorney  of  Sacramento  county. 
He  was  again  in  San  Francisco  in  partnership 
with  Judge  Delos  Lake,  and  served  as  assistant 
U.S.  attorney.  In  1869  he  was  elected  judge  of 
the  fourth  district  for  the  term  of  six  years  ;  was 
re-elected  in  1875  and  resigned  in  1879,  having 
been  elected  chief-justice  of  the  supreme  court  of 
California,  which  office  he  held  until  his  death, 
in  San  Francisco.  Cal.,  March  2,  1887. 

MORRISON,  Robert  Hall,  educator,  was  born 
in  Cabarrus  county,  N.C.,  Sept.  8,  1798;  son  of 
William  and  Abigail  (McEwan)  Morrison,  and 
grandson  of  Robert  Morrison,  who  immigrated 
from  the  Isle  of  Lewis,  Scotland,  about  1750,  and 
settled  first  in  Pennsylvania  and  then  in  North 
Carolina.  He  was  prepared  for  college  at  Rocky 
River  academy  and  was  graduated  at  the  Univer 
sity  of  North  Carolina  in  1818,  sharing  the  first 
honors  with  James  K.  Polk.  He  was  licensed  by 
the  Concord  presbytery.  Sept.  6,  1820  ;  was  or 
dained,  April  21,  1821,  and  was  pastor  at  Provi 
dence.  1821-22  ;  at  Fayetteville,  1822-27.  where  he 
also  edited  the  Religious  Telegraph,  and  at  Sugar 
Creek  and  Charlotte,  1827-35.  He  helped  to 
found  Davidson  college  in  1835,  raised  $30,000  for 
[579] 


MORRISON 


MORRISON 


its  support,  and  was  elected  its  first  president, 
Nov.  9, 1836.  He  was  inaugurated,  March  1,  1837, 
and  served  as  president  and  professor  of  sciences 
and  mathematics,  1837-40.  resigning  July,  1840, 
on  account  of  ill  health.  He  was  commissioner 


D/^vipsO/V    COLLEGE.  PAVIP50AI  ,AI.C 

to  the  assembly  at  Philadelphia  in  1821.  In  1840 
he  returned  to  his  farm  "  Cottage  Home,"  Lincoln 
county,  N.C.,  where  he  was  pastor  of  Unity  and 
Macpelah  churches  for  many  years,  and  he  served 
as  a  trustee  of  Davidson  college,  1836-46,  and 
1852-74.  He  received  the  honorary  degree  of 
A.M.  from  the  College  of  New  Jersey  in  1822,  and 
that  of  D.  D.  from  the  University  of  North  Caro 
lina  in  1838.  He  married  Mary,  daughter  of  Gen. 
Joseph  Graham  and  sister  of  the  Hon.  William 
A.  Graham  (q.v.)  Of  their  children:  Isabella 
married  Gen.  D.  H.  Hill  ;  Capt.  William  Wilber- 
force  served  in  the  Confederate  army  and  died  in 
1865  ;  Harriet  married  Jarnes  P.  Irwin  of  Char 
lotte  ;  Mary  Anna  married  Gen.  Thomas  J. 
("Stonewall'')  Jackson:  Eugenia  married  Gen. 
Rufus  Barringer  ;  Laura  married  Col.  J.  E.  Brown 
of  Charlotte ;  Joseph  Graham  married  Jennie 
Davis  of  Salisbury,  N.C.  :  Dr.  Robert  Hall  married 
Lucy  Reid  of  Iredell  county,  N.C.  ;  and  the  Rev. 
Alfred  J.  married  Portia  Lee,  daughter  of  the 
Rev.  Dr.  J.  M.  P.  Atkinson,  president  of  Hampden 
Sidney  college,  Va.  Dr.  Morrison  died  at  "  Cot 
tage  Home,"  Lincoln  count}',  N.C.,  May  13,  1889. 
MORRISON,  Sarah  Parke,  educator,  was  born 
in  Salem,  Ind.,  Sept.  7,  1833:  daughter  of  John 
Irwin  (q.v.)  and  Catharine  (Morris)  Morrison, 
and  granddaughter  of  Benoni  and  Rebecca 
(Trueblood)  Morris.  The  Irwins  came  from  Ire 
land,  the  Truebloods  from  England,  and  the 
Morrises  from  Wales,  1650,  settled  in  North  Caro 
lina,  from  whence  her  grandparents  removed  at  a 
considerable  sacrifice  to  the  free  state  of  Indiana. 
Benoni  Morris  was  an  early  advocate  of  co-educa 
tion,  abolition  and  reform  in  general,  and  his 
daughter  Catharine  a  worker  in  temperance, 
prison  reform,  peace,  and  woman's  advancement. 
Sarah  Parke  Morrison  attended  the  Salem  semi 
nary  and  the  Indianapolis  commercial  college,  and 
was  graduated  from  Mt.  Holyoke  seminary,  Mass., 
in  1857.  She  entered  Indiana  university  in  1867, 
being  the  first  woman  admitted  to  that  institution 
and  on  the  same  terms  offered  to  men  ;  was  grad 
uated  A.B.,  1869,  A.M.,  1872,  and  engaged  in 


teaching  and  in  literary,  temperance  and  religious 
work.  She  was  pupil-teacher  at  Vassar  college  ; 
an  instructor  at  the  first  summer  school  for 
teachers  at  the  State  Normal  school,  Terre  Haute, 
Ind.  ;  a  tutor  at  the  Indiana  university,  and  ad 
junct  professor  of  English  literature,  1873-75. 
She  retired  from  public  educational  work  in  1875, 
and  devoted  herself  to  stud}',  writing  and  reform, 
serving  as  a  minister  in  the  Society  of  Friends. 

MORRISON,  Theodore  Neven,  third  bishop 
of  Iowa  and  119th  in  succession  in  the  American 
episcopate,  was  born  in  Ottawa,  111..  Feb.  18, 
1850  ;  son  of  the  Rev.  Theodore  Neven  and  Anna 
Eliza  (Howland)  Mor 
rison  ;  grandson  of 
John  Huston  and  Isa 
bella  Work  (Dickey) 
Morrison  and  of  Dr. 
Allen  Harrington 
Howland,  and  a  de 
scendant  of  John 
Howland,  who  mar 
ried  Elizabeth  Till, 
adopted  daughter  of 
Governor  Carver  of 
the  Mayflower.  His 
great  -  grandfather 
Morrison  came  to 
America  in  1799.  His 
father  was  a  pioneer 

clergyman  in  Illinois  and  one  of  the  first  gradu 
ates  of  Jubilee  college  under  Bishop  Philander 
Chase.  His  parents  removed  to  Jacksonville,  111., 
and  he  was  graduated  from  Illinois  college,  Jack 
sonville,  in  1870,  and  from  the  General  Theologi 
cal  seminary  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal  church. 
New  York,  in  1873.  He  was  ordered  deacon  in 
Chicago,  111.,  July  13,  1873  ;  was  a  missionary  at 
Pekin,  111.,  where  he  erected  and  paid  for  a 
church  at  a  cost  of  $13,000,  1873-76  ;  was  ordained 
a  priest,  Feb.  19,  1876,  and  was  rector  of  the 
church  of  the  Epiphany,  Chicago,  1876-99.  During 
his  rectorship  a  new  church  was  built  in  1885 
and  he  was  for  several  years  a  member  of  the 
standing  committee  of  the  diocese  of  Chicago. 
He  was  married,  Oct.  28,  1879,  to  Sarah  Buck, 
daughter  of  the  Rev.  Arthur  Svvazey,  D.D.,  of 
Chicago.  He  was  elected  bishop  of  Iowa,  Nov. 
30,  1898,  as  successor  to  the  Rt.  Rev.  William 
Stevens  Perry,  deceased,  and  was  consecrated, 
Feb.  22,  1899,  in  the  church  of  the  Epiphany,  Chi 
cago,  by  Bishops  McLaren,  Seymour.  Walker, 
Nicholson,  White,  Millspaugh  and  Edsall.  The 
honorary  degree  of  D.D.  was  conferred  on  him 
by  Illinois  college  in  1896. 

MORRISON,  William  Rails,  representative, 
was  born  in  Monroe  county,  111.,  Sept.  14,  1825  ; 
son  of  John  and  Anne  (Rails)  Morrison,  and  grand 
son  of  William  Morrison,  who  came  from  Penn- 

[580] 


MORROW 


sylvania  to  Illinois  in  1790,  was  a  representative 
in  the  state  legislature,  school  commissioner  and 
county  judge.  He  attended  McKendree  college, 
served  during  the  war  with  Mexico  as  a  private 
and  was  in  the  fight  at  Buena  Vista.  In  1849  he 
joined  a  party  of  gold  seekers  and  went  to  Cali 
fornia.  He  returned  to  Illinois  in  1851  ;  studied 
and  practised  law  :  was  clerk  of  the  circuit  court 
•of  Monroe  county,  1852-54,  when  he  resigned  ;  a 
representative  in  the  state  legislature,  1854-60, 
and  again  in  1871-72.  and  was  speaker  of  the  house, 
1859-60.  At  the  outbreak  of  the  civil  war  he  or 
ganized  the  49th  Illinois  volunteer  infantry,  of 
which  he  was  colonel.  He  was  severely  wounded 
while  leading  a  charge  against  a  Confederate 
battery  in  the  capture  of  Fort  Donelson. 
While  in  command  of  his  regiment  in  the  field  he 
was  elected  Democratic  representative  in  the  38th 
congress,  and  served,  1863-65.  He  also  served  as 
a  representative  in  the  43d-49th  congresses,  1873- 
87.  He  was  an  advocate  of  free  trade  :  was  chair 
man  of  the  committee  on  ways  and  means,  1873-75 
and  1883-87,  and  introduced  several  tariff  meas 
ures  which  came  within  a  few  votes  of  passing 
the  house,  and  were  defeated  by  Democratic  pro 
tectionists.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  Union 
national  convention  at  Philadelphia  in  1866  ;  and 
to  the  Democratic  national  conventions  of  1856, 
186S,  1884  and  1888:  and  was  chairman  of  the 
committee  on  resolutions  in  the  convention  of 
1884.  Upon  the  expiration  of  his  term  in  con 
gress  he  was  appointed  by  President  Cleveland 
a  member  of  the  interstate  commerce  commission, 
and  was  re-appointed  by  President  Harrison  in 
1892.  He  was  chairman  of  the  commission  from 
1891  until  he  retired  in  January,  1898,  when  he 
resumed  law  practice  in  Waterloo,  111. 

MORROW,  Henry  A.,  soldier,  was  born  in  Vir 
ginia.  July  10,  1829.  He  enlisted  as  a  private  in 
a  regiment  of  Maryland  infantry,  and  served 
during  the  Mexican  war,  1846-47.  He  joined  the 
Federal  volunteer  army  and  on  Aug.  15,  1862, 
was  commissioned  colonel  of  the  24th  Michigan 
regiment-,  which  was  attached  to  the  4th  brigade, 
1st  division,  1st  army  corps,  during  the  battles  of 
Fredericksburg  and  Chaiicellorsville  ;  and  to  the 
1st  division,  1st  army  corps,  at  the  battle  of  Get 
tysburg,  Pa.,  where  it  suffered  great  loss  and 
where  Colonel  Morrow  was  wounded.  General 
Wadsworth  thus  commended  his  conduct :  "  Col 
onel  Morrow,  the  only  fault  I  find  with  you  is  that 
you  fought  the  24th  Michigan  too  long,  but  God 
only  knows  what  would  have  become  of  us  if 
you  had  not  held  the  ground  as  long  as  you  did.'' 
In  the  campaign  before  Richmond,  the  regiment 
was  assigned  to  the  4th  division,  1st  brigade,  5th 
army  corps.  He  commanded  the  1st  brigade,  3d 
division.  5th  army  corps,  at  the  siege  of  Peters 
burg,  June  16,  1864,  and  was  severely  wounded  at 


the  skirmish  of  Dabney's  Mills,  Va.,  Feb.  7,  1865. 
He  was  brevetted  brigadier-general  of  volunteers, 
Aug.  1,  1864,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services 
in  the  campaign  before  Richmond,  and  major- 
general.  March  13.  1865,  for  conspicuous  gallantry 
and  good  conduct  before  Richmond.  He  was 
mustered  out  of  the  volunteer  service,  July  19, 
1865  and  on  the  re-organization  of  the  U.S.  army 
was  appointed  lieutenant-colonel  of  the  36th 
infantry  ;  was  brevetted  colonel,  March  2,  1867  ; 
transferred  to  the  14th  infantry,  March  15,  1869, 
and  was  promoted  colonel  of  the  21st  infantry, 
April  27,  1879.  During  the  Indian  hostilities  at 
Crisfield,  Kan.,  in  1885,  he  commanded  a  brigade, 
and  was  subsequently  stationed  at  Fort  Sidney, 
Neb.  He  died  at  Hot  Springs,  Ark..  Jan.  31,  1891. 

MORROW,  James  Binckley,  journalist,  was 
born  in  New  Philadelphia,  Ohio,  Sept.  29,  1855  ; 
son  of  John  W.  and  Wilhelmina  (Binckley)  Mor 
row  ;  grandson  of  James  B.  and  Eliza  (Laird) 
Morrow  and  of  George  and  Frances  (Sterling) 
Binckley.  He  attended  the  public  schools  at  New 
Philadelphia  and  Canal  Dover,  Ohio,  and  engaged 
in  journalism  in  1877.  He  was  a  reporter  on  the 
Cleveland  Herald  and  Cleveland  Leader,  and  was 
successively  promoted  when  emplo)Ted  on  the 
Cleveland  Leader,  to  city  editor,  managing  editor 
and  Washington  correspondent,  and  became 
editor-in-chief,  Feb.  1,  1894. 

MORROW,  Jeremiah,  senator,  was  born  in 
Gettysburg.  Pa.,  Oct.  6,  1771.  His  early  life  was 
spent  on  his  father's  farm,  and  in  1795  he  removed 
to  the  settlement  of  Columbia,  Ohio,  near  the 
mouth  of  the  Little  Miami  river.  He  was  married 
in  1799  to  Mary  Packhill,  purchased  a  farm  in 
WTarren  county  and  engaged  in  farming.  He 
was  a  delegate  to  the  state  constitutional  conven 
tion  of  1802  ;  a  representative  in  the  territorial  leg 
islature,  1801-02  ;  a  state  senator  from  Hamilton 
county,  1803,  and  from  Warren  county.  1827-28  ; 
a  delegate  to  the  convention  that  framed  the 
state  constitution,  adopted  Nov.  29,  1802,  and 
state  senator  in  1803.  He  was  the  only  represent 
ative  from  Ohio  in  the  7th-12th  congresses,  ^OS- 
IS,  and  was  U.S.  senator,  1813-19.  In  1814  he 
was  appointed  a  commissioner  to  treat  with  the 
Indians  west  of  the  Miami  river,  and  in  1820 
was  a  presidential  elector  on  the  Monroe  ticket. 
He  was  defeated  for  governor  of  Ohio  in  1820, 
and  was  elected  in  1822,  and  again  in  1824,  serving 
1823-26.  He  was  a  state  senator,  1827-28,  and  a 
representative  in  the  state  legislature  from 
Warren  county,  1829-30,  and  1835-36.  Oii  July  4, 
1839.  he  laid  the  cornerstone  of  the  new  capitol 
at  Columbus.  He  was  a  Democratic  represent 
ative  from  the  fourth  district  of  Ohio  in  the  26th 
and  27th  congresses,  1840-43,  having  been  elected 
to  succeed  Thomas  Corwin  (q.v.),  resigned.  He 
died  in  Warren  county,  Ohio,  March  22,  1852. 


[581] 


MORROW 


MORSE 


MORROW,  William  W.,  representative,  was 
bom  near  Milton.  lucl..  July  15,  1843;  sou  of 
William  ami  Margaret  (Hood)  Morrow.  He  re 
moved  with  his  parents  to  Adams  county.  111., 
in  1845,  and  settled  in  California  in  1859.  He  at 
tended  the  public  schools  and  received  private 
instruction  in  special  branches,  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1869,  and  engaged  in  the  practice  of 
the  law.  He  was  assistant  U.S.  attorney  for 
California,  1870-74  ;  chairman  of  the  Republican 
state  central  committee,  1879-82;  attorney  for 
the  state  board  of  harbor  commissioners,  1880-83; 
spscial  council  for  the  United  States  before  the 
French  and  American  claims  commissions,  1881- 
83.  and  before  the  Alabama  claims  commission, 
1882-85  ;  chairman  of  the  state  delegation  at  the 
Republican  national  convention  at  Chicago  in 
1884;  Republican  representative  in  the  49th, 
50th  and  51st  congresses,  1885-91  ;  U.S.  district 
judge  for  the  northern  district  of  California' 
1891-97,  and  on  May  20,  1897,  was  appointed  U.S. 
circuit  judge  for  the  9th  judicial  circuit.  He 
received  the  honorary  degree  of  LL.D.  from 
Wabash  college  in  1899,  and  on  Jan.  9.  1902.  was 
made  a  charter  trustee  of  Carnegie  Institution 
Washington,  B.C. 

MORSE,  Abner,  clergyman  and  genealogist, 
was  born  in  Med\vay,  Mass.,  Sept.  5,  1893  ;  son  of 
Abner  and  Mille  (Leland)  Morse;  grandson  of 
Ezekial  and  Rebecca  (Cozzens)  Morse  ;  great- 
grandson  of  Henry  and  Sarah  (Kibby)  Morse, 
and  a  descendant  of  Capt.  Joseph  Morse,  who 
settled  in  Bogistow,  now  Medway,  Mass.,  about 
1670,  married  Mehetable  Wood,  served  as  a  cap 
tain  of  the  Bogistow  company  of  militia,  and  was 
a  representative  in  the  general  court  in  1715. 
Abner  Morse  was  prepared  for  college  in  Day's 
academy,  Wrentham,  Mass.  ;  was  graduated  at 
Brown  university,  A.B..  1816,  A.M.,  1819,  and  at 
Andover  Theological  seminary  in  1819.  He  was 
ordained  to  the  Congregational  ministry,  Dec.  16, 
1819  :  served  as  pastor  of  the  Congregational 
church  at  Nantucket,  Mass.,  1819-22;  of  the 
Presbyterian  church,  Sennett,  N.Y.,  1827-28; 
lived  in  Hartford,  Ohio,  1828-29;  at  Boundbrook, 
N.J.,  1832-33.  and  was  pastor  at  South  Bend,  Ind., 
where  he  procured  the  charter  for  a  college,  and 
became  one  of  the  professors.  He  left  South 
Bend  in  1841,  devoted  himself  to  the  study  of 
natural  history,  and  to  lecturing  on  geology  and 
scientific  subjects  in  different  cities  and  settled 
in  Sharon,  Mass.,  where  he  engaged  in  genealogi 
cal  research  and  writing.  He  was  married,  first, 
Oct.  1,  1832.  to  Sarah  Ann  Yoorhees  of  Bound- 
brook,  N.J.,  and  secondly.  Oct.  15.  18-°>6,  to  Han 
nah  Peck  of  Soutli  Bend.  Ind.  He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  New  England  Historic  Genealogical 
society,  1846-65.  He  is  the  author  of  Memorial 
of  the  Morses  (1850)  ;  Descendants  of  Lawrence 

[582] 


and  LitcJi field  (1855);  Ge»c<dogy  of  Early  Planters 
in  Massachusetts  (1855)  ;  Genealogical  Register  of 
Sherborn.  HoUistcr  and  Medway,  Mass.  1855);  De 
scendants  of  Capt.  John  Grant  (1857);  Descend 
ants  of  Several  Ancient  Puritans  (3  vols.,  1857-60); 
and  ^1  Genealogical  Record  of  Several  Families 
Bearing  the  Name  of  Cutler  in  the  United  States 
(1867).  He  died  in  Sharon,  Mass.,  May  16,  1865. 

MORSE,  Anson  Daniel,  educator,  was  born 
in  Cambridge,  Vt..  Aug.  13.  1846  ;  son  of  Harmon 
and  Elizabeth  (Buck)  Morse  ;  grandson  of  Daniel 
and  Delia  (Northrup)  Morse,  and  of  Anson  and 
Eunice  (Whitney)  Buck,  and  a  descendant 
(maternally)  from  John  Moss,  born  in  England 
about  1619,  who  settled  at  New  Haven,  1639. 
He  was  graduated  at  Amherst,  A.B.,  1871, 
A.M.,  1874;  taught  at  Williston  seminary.  1872- 
75  ;  studied  in  Heidelberg  university  one  year, 
1875-76,  and  was  an  instructor  and  professor  of 
political  economy  at  Amherst,  1876-78.  and  of 
history,  1877-78,  when  lie  became  Winkley  pro 
fessor  of  history.  He  received  the  degree  of 
LL.D.  from  Union  college  in  1895.  He  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  American  Historical 
association,  the  American  Academy  of  Political 
and  Social  Science  and  other  organizations.  He- 
is  the  author  of  :  The  Political  Work  and  Influence 
of  Andrew  Jackson  (1886) ;  The  Cause  of  Secession 
(1887);  Alexander  Hamilton  (1890);  The  Place  of 
Party  in  the  Political  System  (1891);  The  Demo 
cratic  Parti/  (1891);  The  Republican  Party  (1892); 
Politics  of  John  Adams  (1899);  The,  Significance 
of  the  Democratic  Party  in  American  Politics 
(1900):  and  articles  published  in  periodicals. 

MORSE,  Charles  Henry,  organist  and  teacher 
of  music,  was  born  in  Bradford,  Mass.,  Jan.  5, 
1853;  son  of  Eben  Dutch  and  Mary  Ann  (Blais- 
dell)  Morse;  grandson  of  Thomas  and  Hannah 
(Parker)  Morse  and  of  Henry  and  Mary  (McCurdy) 
Blaisdeil.  and  a  descendant  in  the  ninth  genera 
tion  of  Anthony  Morse,  Newbury,  1636.  He  was 
graduated  from  the  Haverhill,  Mass.,  high  school 
in  1870.  from  the  New  England  Conservatory  of 
Music;  in  1873,  and  from  the  Boston  University 
College  of  Music.  1876.  Mus.  Bae.,  1877.  He  was 
married,  Dec.  24.  1874,  to  Frances  S.  N..  daughter 
of  Nathaniel  Niles  Kimball  of  West  Fairlee,  Vt,. 
and  taught  the  piano  and  organ  at  the  New 
England  Conservatory  of  Music.  1873-77.  He  was 
professor  of  music  and  director  of  the  College 
of  Music  at  Wellesley  college.  Mass.,  1875-S4  : 
founded  the  Northwestern  Conservatory  of 
Music,  Minneapolis,  in  1885,  and  was  its 
director,  1885-91.  Ho  was  organist  and  choir 
master  of  Plymouth  church,  Brooklyn.  N.  Y., 
1891-99:  was  president  of  the  New  York  State 
Music  Teachers'  association.  1894-96  :  vice-pn  si- 
dent  of  the  music  department  of  the  Brooklyn 
Institute  of  Arts  and  Sciences  ;  trustee  of  the  New 


MORSE 


MORSE 


England  Conservatory  of  Music  for  ten  years, 
president  of  its  alumni  association  for  many 
years,  and  a  founder  of  the  American  Guild  of 
Organists.  He  was  musical  editor  of  the  Ply- 
month  Hymnal  and  editor  of  theCJiurclt  Organist 
(•2  vols.,  1893-1898)  ;  The  Junior  Church  Organist 
(1895);  The  Contemporary  Organist  (1893);  March 
Album  for  the  Oiyau  (1894)  ;  Wellesley  Collection 
for  Female  Voices  (1885),  and  A  Collection  of 
Short  Anthems  (1901).  In  1901  he  became  direc 
tor  of  music  at  Dartmouth  college. 

MORSE,  Edward  Sylvester,  naturalist,  was 
born  in  Portland.  Maine.  June  18,  1838  ;  son  of 
Jonathan  Kimball  and  Jane  Seymore  (Becket) 
Morse;  grandson  of  Thomas  and  Priscilla  (Kim- 
ball)  Morse  and  of  Thomas  and  Abigail  (Dyer) 

a'  Becket,  and  a  de 
scendant  of  Anthony 
Morse,  of  Marlbor- 
ough,  Wiltshire.  En 
gland,  who  immi 
grated  to  America 
from  Southampton  in 
the  ship  James  in 
1635,  was  made  free 
man  in  Massachusetts 
colony,  May  25,  1636, 
and  settled  in  New- 
bury.  He  attended 
Rridgtoii  academy, 
Maine,  procured  a 
practical  training  as 
a  draughtsman  in  the 

Portland  locomotive  works  and  as  a  designer 
on  wood  in  Boston,  Mass.,  and  devoted  him 
self  to  the  study  of  natural  history.  He 
studied  under  Professor  Agassiz  at  the  Museum 
of  Comparative  Zoology,  Cambridge,  Mass.,  and 
served  as  his  assistant  in  the  Lawrence  Scientific 
school,  1859-62.  He  was  married,  June  18,  1863, 
to  Ellen  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  George  and  Ellen 
Louisa  (Merrill)  Owen,  of  Portland,  Maine.  He 
removed  to  Salem,  Mass.,  in  1866,  where  he  aided 
in  establishing  and  editing  The  American  Natur 
alist,  and  was  also  a  founder  and  one  of  the 
curators  of  the  Peabody  Academy  of  Science.  He 
was  professor  of  comparative  an  atom  jr  and 
zoology  in  Bowdoin  college,  1871-74,  and  a  uni 
versity  lecturer  at  Harvard,  1872-73.  He  con 
tinued  his  biological  investigations  in  Salem, 
1873-77  ;  was  professor  of  zoology  in  the  Imperial 
University  of  Tokio,  Japan,  1877-80,  and  re 
organized  the  department,  laid  .the  foundation 
for  the  collection  in  the  Imperial  Museum,  and 
established  a  zoological  station  in  the  Bay  of 
Yeddo.  His  investigations  in  Japan  determined 
the  cannibal  nature  of  the  inhabitants  of  Japan 
before  the  Ainos.  He  also  made  a  large  and 
valuable  collection  of  pottery,  which  he  placed  in 


the  museum  at  Salem.  He  made  a  third  visit  to 
Japan  in  1882.  and  later  visited  Europe.  On 
his  return  to  America  his  collection  of  Japanese 
pottery  was  purchased  by  the  Boston  Museum  of 
Fine  Arts.  He  was  made  keeper  of  the  Japanese 
pottery  at  the  museum,  and  under  his  supervision 
large  additions  were  made  and  a  complete  cata 
logue,  the  labor  of  twenty  years,  prepared  and 
published  in  1901.  He  was  made  a  fellow  of  the 
American  Academy  of  Arts  and  Sciences  in  1868  ; 
of  the  National  Academy  of  Sciences  in  1876  ; 
vice-president  of  the  American  Association  for 
the  Advancement  of  Science  in  1876.  and  president 
in  1885  ;  and  a  member  of  the  Boston  Society  of 
Natural  History  ;  Essex  Institute,  Salem,  Mass.  ; 
American  Society  of  Naturalists,  of  Morphologists, 
of  Anthropologists  ;  American  Oriental  Society  ; 
American  Antiquarian  Society,  and  other  im 
portant  learned  societies,  both  American  and 
foreign.  He  also  received  the  Japan  decoration 
of  the  Order  of  the  Rising  Sun  in  1898.  He  made 
extended  investigations  in  zoology,  archaeology 
and  ethnology,  and  published  valuable  results. 
He  lectured  throughout  the  United  States.  He 
invented  an  apparatus  for  utilizing  the  sun's  rays 
in  heating  and  ventilating  apartments,  and  for 
introducing  fresh  air  into  heated  rooms.  He  re 
ceived  the  degree  of  Ph.D.  from  Bowdoin  in  1871, 
and  the  honorary  degree  of  A.M.  from  Harvard 
in  1892.  He  contributed  to  scientific  periodicals, 
and  is  the  author  of  :  First  Book  in  Zoology  (1875); 
Japanese  Homes  and  Their  Surroundings  (1885); 
both  of  which  were  illustrated  by  himself  and 
translated  into  German  and  Japanese  ;  and  Cata 
logue  of  the  Morse  Collection  of  Japanese  Pottery 
in  the  Museum  of  Fine  Arts,  Boston  (1901). 

MORSE,  Elijah  Adams,  representative,  was 
born  near  South  Bend,  Ind.,  May  25,  1841  ;  son  of 
the  Rev.  Abner  and  Hannah  (Peck)  Morse.  He 
removed  to  Massachusetts  with  his  parents  in 
1852,  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  of 
Sherbornand  Holliston,  Mass. ,the  Boylston  school 
in  Boston,  and  at  Onondaga  academy,  N.Y.  He 
began  to  manufacture  stove  polish  in  1856,  from 
a  recipe  given  him  by  Dr.  Charles  T.  Jackson, 
(q.v.).  He  enlisted  in  the  4th  Massachusetts 
volunteer  infantry  as  a  private  in  1861,  served 
in  the  command  of  Gen.  B.  F.  Butler  in  Virginia 
and  under  General  Banks  in  Louisiana,  and  was 
taken  prisoner  in  the  capture  of  Brashear  City, 
La.,  Jan.  23,  1863.  He  resumed  the  manufacture 
of  stove  polish  with  his  brother  Abner  Leland 
Morse,  at  Canton.  Mass.,  and  was  sole  proprietor 
from  1888.  He  was  a  representative  in  the 
general  court  in  1876  ;  state  senator  1886-87,  and 
a  member  of  the  council  of  Governor  Ames  in 
1888.  He  was  a  representative  in  the  51st,  52d, 
53d  and  54th  congresses  from  the  twelfth 
Massachusetts  district,  1889-97,  and  served  as 

[583J 


MORSE 


MORSE 


chairman  of  the  committee  on  alcoholic  liquor 
traffic.  He  was  a  recognized  leader  of  the  tem 
perance  cause,  in  the  public  schools  and  social 
reform.  He  left  by  his  will  $40,000  to  eight 
church,  missionary,  educational  and  charitable 
organizations.  He  lectured  on  political,  religious, 
and  temperance  subjects ;  was  a  member  of  the 
New  England  Historic-Genealogical  society ;  the 
New  England  Congregational  club  ;  the  Norfolk 
club,  and  the  Sons  of  the  American  Revolution. 
He  was  married  Jan.  1,  1868,  to  Felicia,  daughter 
of  Samuel  A.  Vining  of  Holbrook,  Mass.  He  died 
in  Canton,  Mass.,  June  5.  1898. 

MORSE,  Henry  Woolson,  artist  and  com 
poser,  was  born  in  Charlestown,  Mass.,  in  1858. 
He  was  a  student  at  the  Massachusetts  Institute 
of  Technology,  where  he  took  up  designing,  and 
later  went  to  Paris  to  study  painting,  pro 
ducing  several  landscapes  and  animal  pieces. 
He  settled  in  New  York  city  and  devoted  him 
self  to  the  composition  of  comic  and  light  opera. 
His  first  score,  "  Cinderella  at  School,"  was  pro 
duced  at  Daly's  theater,  New  York  city,  in  1881, 
with  marked  success,  running  one  hundred  and 
sixty-four  nights.  He  associated  himself  with  J. 
Cheever  Goodwin,  which  partnership  continued 
until  his  death.  They  were  the  regular  purvey 
ors  to  DeWolf  Hopper,  and  occasionally  to  Francis 
Wilson.  He  wrote  the  score  of  The  Merry 
Monarch  for  Francis  Wilson,  which  was  first 
produced  in  New  York  city  in  1890  ;  and  Wang 
(1891),  Panjandrum,  and  Dr.  Syntax,  for  DeWolf 
Hopper.  Other  compositions  were  King  Cole  II. 
(1889),  and  Lout,  Strayed  or  Stolen  (1897).  He 
also  wrote  :  The  Lion  Tamer  ;  The  Rainmaker  of 
Syria  ;  Prince  Ananias,  and  The  Devil's  Deputy. 
He  was  married  in  1893,  to  Agnes  Reilley,  an 
actress.  He  died  in  New  York  city,  May  3,  1897. 

MORSE,  Isaac  Edward,  representative,  was 
born  in  St.  Martinsville,  La.,  May  22,  1809  ;  son  of 
Nathan  and  Martha  C.  (Nichols)  Morse  ;  grand 
son  of  Isaac  and  Amy  (Conklin)  Morse  of  Eliza- 
bethtown,  N.J.,  and  of  Judge  E.  G.  Nichols  of 
Louisiana,  and  a  descendant  of  Anthony  Morse, 
who  came  fromMarlborough,  Wiltshire,  England, 
to  Newbury,  Mass.,  in  1635.  He  received  his 
early  education  under  the  care  of  his  paternal 
grandfather  at  Elizabeth,  N.J.,  was  graduated 
from  the  Norwich  (Vt.)  Military  academy,  1828  ; 
entered  the  senior  class  at  Harvard  and  was 
graduated,  A.B. ,  1829;  studied  law  under  his 
father  in  New  Orleans.  La.,  1829-32,  and  studied 
and  traveled  in  Europe,  1832-34.  He  practised 
law  in  New  Orleans  a  short  time,  and  in  St.  Mar 
tinsville,  1835-42.  He  was  married,  Jan.  8, 1835.  to 
Margaretta,  daughter  of  Philemon  Charles  and 
Helen  (Smith)  Wederstrandt.  In  1842  he  re 
moved  to  New  Orleans  and  entered  political  life. 
He  served  in  the  Louisiana  senate  four  years,  and 


was  elected  a  Democratic  representative  from 
Louisiana  in  the  28th  congress,  to  fill  out  the  un- 
expired  term  of  Peter  E.  Bossier,  deceased  ;  was 
re-elected  to  the  29th,  30th  and  31st  congresses, 
serving  1844-51  ;  was  attorney-general  of  Louisi 
ana,  1851,  and  was  appointed  by  President  Pierce 
in  1856  minister  to  New  Granada  to  demand  in 
demnity  for  the  murder  of  the  American  citizens 
while  crossing  the  Isthmus  of  Panama.  He  died 
in  Now  Orleans,  La.,  Feb.  11,  1866. 

MORSE,  Jedidiah,  clergyman  and  geographer, 
was  born  in  Woodstock,  Conn.,  Aug.  23,  1761  ; 
son  of  Dea.  Jedidiah  and  Sarah  (Child)  Morse, 
and  a  descendant  in  the  fifth  generation  from 
Anthony  Morse,  the  immigrant,  1635.  His  father 


[584] 


served  in  the  Connecticut  legislature  for  over  fif 
teen  years.  Jedidiah,  Jr. ,  attended  the  Woodstock 
academy  and  entered  Yale  in  1779  ;  but  before 
the  college  term  commenced  was  drafted  as  a 
soldier  in  the  Connecticut  line.  He  was,  however, 
exempted  from  military  duty,  and  was  graduated 
from  Yale.  A.B.,  1783,  A.M.,  1786.  He  taught  a 
class  in  singing  in  Guilford,  Conn.,  in  1783.  He 
studied  theology  under  Jonathan  Edwards  and 
Dr.  Samuel  Wales,  and  established  a  school  for 
young  girls  in  New  Haven.  '  He  was  licensed  to 
preach,  Sept.  27, 1785,  and  was  pastor  at  Norwich, 
Conn.,  1785-86.  He  was  tutor  at  Yale  college 
1786-87,  and  was  pastor  of  the  Congregational 
church  in  Midway,  Ga.,  in  1787.  He  preached  as 
a  candidate  for  the  Collegiate  Presbyterian 
churches  of  New  York.  March-August,  1788  ;  and 
succeeded  the  Rev.  Joshua  Paine  as  pastor  of  the 
First  Congregational  church  of  Charlestown, 
Mass.,  in  1789.  He  was  married,  May  14,  1789,  to 
Elizabeth  Ann,  daughter  of  Samuel  and  Rebecca 
(Finley)  Breese  of  Shrewsbury,  N.  J.  lie  resigned 
his  charge  in  Charlestown  in  1820,  and  returned  to 
New  Haven,  where  he  resided  until  his  death. 
He  was  trustee  of  Andover  Theological  seminarv, 
1795-1826.  He  turned  his  attention  to  the  civiliza 
tion  and  christianization  of  various  Indian  tribes 
of  North  America,  and  under  commission  of  the 
secretary  of  war  he  spent  two  summers  in  visiting 
several  tribes  with  a  view  to  improving  their  con 
dition.  He  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Society 


MORSE 


MORSE 


for  the  Propagation  of  the  Gospel  in  1702,  and  its 
secretary  in  1803  ;  a  member  of  the  Massachusetts 
Emigrant  society  ;  and  founded  the  Charlestown 
Association  for  the  Reformation  of  Morals  in  1813. 
He  aided  in  the  establishment  of  the  navy  yard 
at  Charlestown  ;  was  appointed  chaplain  and 
visitor  of  the  state  prison  in  Charlestown  in  1805, 
was  elected  a  member  of  the  American  Board  of 
Commissioners  for  Foreign  Missions  in  1811,  and 
formed  a  society  for  the  benefit  of  the  Indian 
tribes  within  the  United  States  at  Washington, 
B.C.,  in  1822,  but  failing  health  prevented  his 
personal  attendance  at  the  meetings  of  the 
society,  and  after  two  or  three  years  it  ceased  to 
exist.  Tiie  honorary  degree  of  D.D.  was  con 
ferred  on  him  by  the  University  of  Edinburgh  in 
1794.  He  devoted  much  of  his  time  to  literary 
work,  especially  in  the  publication  of  geographies. 
He  established  the  Panopolist  in  1805,  and  was  its 
sole  editor  for  five  years:  and  is  the  author  of: 
Geography  Made  Easy  (1784);  American  Geo 
graphy  (1789);  Elements  of  Geography  (1797); 
American  Universal  Geography  (2  vols.,  1814  ;  2nd 
ed. ,  1819) ;  Report  on,  India  a  Affairs  (1822) ;  Annals 
of  tii&  American  Revolution  (1824);  and,  in  con 
nection  with  the  Rev.  Elijah  Harris,  wrote  His 
tory  of  New  England  (1808).  and  with  Richard 
Gary  Morse  a  Universal  Gazetteer  (1 823) .  He  died 
in  New  Haven.  Conn.,  June  9,  182G. 

MORSE,  John  Torrey,  author,  was  born  in 
Boston,  Mass.,  Jan.  9,  1840;  son  of  John  Torrey 
and  Lucy  Cabot  (Jackson)  Morse  ;  grandson  of 
Charles  Jackson,  associate  justice  of  supreme 
judicial  court  of  Massachusetts,  and  a  descendant 
of  Samuel  Morse,  who  came  over  in  1829,  and  soon 
afterward  settled  near  Ipswich,  Mass.,  and  of 
Edward  Jac.kson,  captain  in  the  Colonial  forces, 
and  Jonathan  Jackson,  first  U.S.  marshal  in 
Massachusetts  district.  He  was  graduated  at 
Harvard,  A.B.,  1860;  studied  law  under  John 
Lowell,  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  Aug.  4,  1802, 
and  practised  with  Mr.  Lowell  until  the  time  of 
Mr.  Lowell's  elevation  to  the  bench  of  the  U.S. 
district  court.  He  then  entered  into  partnership 
with  the  Hon.  Darwin  E.  Ware,  and  retired  from 
active  practice  in  1880.  He  was  married,  June 
10,  1865,  to  Fanny  P.,  daughter  of  George  O. 
Hovey  of  Boston,  Mass.  He  represented  his  dis 
trict  in  the  Massachusetts  legislature  in  1875  ;  was 
an  overseer  of  Harvard,  1879-91,  and  became  a 
member  of  the  Massachusetts  Historical  society. 
He  was  associate  editor  with  Henry  Cabot  Lodge 
of  the  International  Review  for  four  years  ;  con 
tributed  to  English  and  American  periodicals  and 
edited  the  ''  American  Statesmen  "  series  (32  vols., 
1882-99),  to  which  he  contributed  the  volumes 
John  Quincy  Adams  (1882),  Thomas  Jefferson 
(1883),  John  Adams  (1884),  Benjamin  Franklin 
(1889),  and  Abraham  Lincoln  (2  vols.,  1893).  He 

[585] 


is  also  the  author  of  :  Treatise  on  the  Law  Relat 
ing  to  Banks  and  Banking  (1870);  Laio  of  Arbi 
tration  and  Award  (1872);  Famous  Trials (187 4); 
Life  of  Alexander  Hamilton  (2  vols.,  1876),  and 
Life  and  Letters  of  Oliver  Wendell  Holmes  (2  vols., 
1896). 

MORSE,  Leopold,  representative,  was  born  in 
Wachenheim,  Rhenish  Palatinate,  Bavaria,  Aug. 
15,  1831.  He  joined  an  elder  brother  in  New 
Hampshire  in  1848  and  settled  in  Boston,  Mass.,  in 
1849,  where  he  was  employed  as  clerk  in  a  cloth 
ing  store.  With  his  brother  he  opened  a  clothing 
store  in  New  Bedford,  Mass.  Subsequently  they 
returned  to  Boston,  where  they  bought  out  the 
business  of  their  first  employer,  which  they  car 
ried  on  successfully,  arid  after  his  brother's  death 
Leopold  conducted  the  business  alone.  He  was  a 
Democratic  representative  from  Massachusetts  in 
45th-48th  congresses,  1877-85,  and  in  the  50th 
congress,  1877-89.  He  advocated  a  national  bank 
ruptcy  law.  civil  service  reform  and  a  reduced 
tariff  on  foreign  goods.  He  was  mentioned  as  an 
available  Democratic  candidate  for  governor  of 
Massachusetts  in  1888,  and  was  a  delegate  to  the 
Democratic  national  conventions  of  1892  and 
1896.  He  founded  and  endowed  the  Boston  Home 
for  Aged  and  Infirm  Hebrews  and  Orphans.  He 
died  at  the  banquet  of  the  Boston  Merchants' 
association  at  Boston,  Mass.,  Dec.  15,  1892. 

MORSE,  Samuel  Finley  Breese,  inventor,  was 
born  in  Charlestown,  Mass.,  April  27,  1791;  son 
of  the  Rev.  Jedediah  and  Elizabeth  Ann  (Breese) 
Morse  ;  grandson  of  Dea.  Jedediah  and  Sarah 
'(Child)  Morse  of  Woodstock,  Conn.,  and  of  Sam 
uel  and  Rebecca  (Fin- 
ley)  Breese  ;  great- 
grandson  of  John 
and  Sarah  Morse,  of 
Benjamin  and  Pa 
tience  (Thayer)  Child, 
and  of  the  Rev. 
Samuel  and  Sarah 
(Hill)  Finley;  great- 
grandson  of  Ben 
jamin  and  Grace 
(Morris)  Child,  and 
a  descendant  of  John 
Morse,  who  came 
from  Marlborough, 
England,  in  1635,  and 
settled  in  Newbury, 

Mass.  He  attended  the  public  schools  of  Char 
lestown  and  was  graduated  from  Yale,  A.B., 
1810.  A.M.,  1816.  While  in  college  he  attended 
Professor  Silliman's  lectures  on  electricity  and 
became  especially  interested  in  natural  philoso 
phy,  chemistry  and  galvanism.  He  decided  to 
become  an  artist,  and  in  1811  accompanied  Wash 
ington  Allston  to  London,  where  he  studied 


MORSE 


MORSE 


painting  under  Allston,  West  and  Copley.  In 
1813  lie  exhibited  a  colossal  painting  of  the 
"  Dving  Hercules  "  at  the  Royal  academy,  where 
it  received  honorable  mention,  and  the  same  year 
presented  a  model  in  clay  of  the  same  subject 
to  the  Society  of  Arts  in  competition,  and  received 
the  prize  medal  for  the  best  original  cast  of  a  sin 
gle  figure.  In  July,  1814,  he  completed  a  painting 
of  "  The  Judgment  of  Jupiter  in  the  Case  of 
Apollo,  Marpesa  and  Idas,''  and  sent  it  to  the 
Royal  Academy  for  exhibition.  He  returned  to 
America  in  1815,  and  his  picture  was  rejected  on 
account  of  his  absence.  He  engaged  in  portrait 
painting  in  Boston,  Mass.,  and  in  Charleston, 
S.C.  He  was  married,  Oct.  6,  1818,  to  Lucretia, 
daughter  of  Charles  Walker  of  Concord,  N.H., 
by  whom  lie  had  children,  Charles  Walker,  Susan 
and  James  Edward  Finley.  In  1819  he  painted  a 
portrait  of  James  Monroe  at  Washington,  D.C., 
which  was  placed  in  the  City  Hall  at  Charleston. 
He  removed  to  New  York  city  and  established  a 
studio  on  Broadway,  opposite  Trinity  church, 
where  he  painted  portraits  of  Chancellor  Kent, 
Fitz  Greene  Halleck  and  a  full  length  portrait  of 
General  Lafayette  for  the  city  of  New  York.  He 
founded  the  New  York  Drawing  association  and 
was  elected  its  first  president ;  was  the  first  pres 
ident  of  the  newly  established  National  Academy 
of  Design,  1826-42  ;  was  president  of  the  Sketch 
club,  and  delivered  a  course  of  lectures  on  "The 
Fine  Arts  "  before  the  New  York  Athenaeum.  In 
1829  he  traveled  and  studied  in  London,  Paris 
and  Italy.  While  in  Paris  he  produced  a  canvas 
on  which  he  depicted  in  miniature  fifty  of  the 
finest  pictures  in  the  Louvre.  He  returned  to  the 
United  States  in  1832,  on  the  packet-ship  Sully, 
and  on  the  voyage  the  subject  of  electro-magnet 
ism  and  the  affinity  of  magnetism  to  electricity 
became  a  frequent  topic  of  discussion,  several  of 
the  passengers  being  well  versed  in  science.  Mr. 
Morse  became  impressed  with  the  idea  that  signs, 
representing  figures  and  letters,  might  be  trans 
mitted  to  any  distance  by  means  of  an  electric 
spark  over  an  insulated  wire,  and  on  his  arrival 
in  New  York  city,  making  use  of  the  electro 
magnet  invented  by  Prof.  Joseph  Henry  (q.v.) 
of  Princeton.  N.J..  he  began  to  develop  the  use 
of  his  proposed  alphabet.  He  devised  a  system 
of  dots  and  spaces  to  represent  letters  arid  words, 
to  be  interpreted  by  a  telegraphic  dictionary. 
He  was  professor  of  the  literature  of  the  arts  of 
design  in  the  University  of  the  City  of  New  York, 
1832-72,  and  it  was  in  the  University  building  on 
Washington  square  that  he  completed  his  experi 
ments,  with  the  help  and  advice  of  Professor 
Henry,  with  whom  he  was  in  correspondence. 
The  models  were  made  of  a  picture  frame,  fas 
tened  to  a  table  :  the  wheels  of  a  wooden  clock 
moved  by  a  weight  carried  the  paper  forward  ; 


three  wooden  drums  guided  and  held  the  paper 
in  place  ;  a  wooden  pendulum  containing  a  pen 
cil  at  its  power  end  was  suspended  from  the 
top  of  the  frame  and  vibrated  across  the  p.iper  as 
it  passed  over  the  center  wooden  drum.  An  elec 
tro-magnet  was  fastened  to  a  shelf  across  the 
frame  opposite  an  armature  made  fast  to  the 
pendulum  ;  a  type  rule  and  type  for  breaking  the 
circuit  rested  on  an  endless  bank  which  passed 
over  two  wooden  rollers  moved  by  a  crank,  this 
rule  being  carried  forward  by  teeth  projecting 
from  its  lower  edge  into  the  band  ;  a  lever  with  a 
small  weight  attached,  and  a  tooth  projecting 
downward  at  one  end  was  operated  on  by  the 
type,  and  a  metallic  form  projected  downward 
over  two  mercury  cups.  A  short  circuit  of  wire 
embraced  the  helices  of  the  electro-magnet  and 
connected  with  the  poles  of  the  battery,  and  ter 
minated  in  the  mercury  cups.  By  turning  the 
wooden  crank  the  type  in  the  rule  raised  one  end 
of  the  lever  and  by  bringing  the  fork  into  the  mer 
cury  it  closed  the  circuit  causing  the  pendulum 
to  move  and  the  pencil  to  mark  upon  the  paper. 
The  circuit  was  broken  when  the  tooth  in  the 
lever  fell  into  the  first  two  cogs  of  the  types,  and 
the  pendulum  swinging  back  made  another  mark. 
As  the  spaces  between  the  types  caused  the  pen 
cil  to  make  horizontal  lines  long  or  short,  Mr. 
Morse  was  able,  with  the  aid  of  his  telegraphic 
dictionary,  to  spell  out  words  and  to  produce 
soun  ds  that  could  be  read.  The  perfected  idea  was 
heartily  endorsed  by  those  to  whom  he  exhibited 
it.  and  after  many  improvements  in  the  details 
he  published  the  results  of  his  experiments  in  the 
New  York  Observer,  April  15,  1837.  In  the  sum 
mer  of  1837  Alfred  Vail  (q.v.)  became  interested 
in  the  instrument  and  advanced  the  means  to 
enable  Morse  to  manufacture  a  more  perfectly  con 
structed  apparatus.  In  September.  1837,  Morse 
filed  an  application  for  a  patent  and  endeavored 
to  obtain  from  congress  the  right  to  experiment 
between  Wash 
ington  and 
Baltimore.  He 
went  to  Europe 
to  obtain  aid, 
but  did  not. 
meet  with  sue-; 
cess.  He  re 
turned  to  the 
United  States  in  May,  1839,  and  it  was  not  until 
March  3,  1843,  just  before  the  close  of  the  session 
that  he  obtained  from  the  47th  congress  an  ap 
propriation  of  $'30,000  for  experimental  purposes, 
the  first  vote  standing  90  ayes  to  82  nays.  He 
at  once  began  work  on  his  line  from  Washing 
ton  to  Baltimore,  which  was  partially  com 
pleted  May  1,  1844,  and  the  first  message  trans 
mitted  a  part  of  the  way  by  wire  was  the  an- 


1580] 


MORSE 


MORSE 


nounceinent  of  tlie  nomination  of  Henry  Clay 
for  President  by  the  Whig  convention  at  Bal 
timore,  Md.  By  May  24  the  line  was  practi 
cally  completed,  and  the  first  public  exhibition 
was  given  in  the  chamber  of  the  U.S.  supreme 
court  in  the  capitol  at  Washington,  his  associ 
ate,  Mr.  Vail,  being  at  Mount  Claire  depot, 
Baltimore,  Md.  Anna  G.  Ellsworth,  daughter 
of  the  U.S.  commissioner  of  patents,  selected 
the  words,  •'  What  hath  God  wrought,"  and  the 
message  was  transmitted  to  Mr.  Vail  and  re 
turned  over  the  same  wire.  The  news  of  the 
nomination  of  James  K.  Polk  for  President  was 
sent  to  Washington  wholly  by  wire,  and  the  news 
was  discredited  in  Washington  until  the  nomina 
tion  of  Silas  Wright  for  Vice-President  was  re 
ceived  and  communicated  by  Mr.  Morse  to  Sena 
tor  Wright,  who  directed  Mr.  Morse  to  wire  his 
positive  declination  of  the  nomination,  the  re 
ceipt  of  which  so  surprised  the  convention  that  it 
adjourned  to  await  a  messenger  from  Washing 
ton.  A  company  was  formed  soon  after,  and  the 
telegraph  grew  with  great  rapidity.  In  1846  the 
patent  was  extended  and  was  adopted  in  France, 
Germany,  Denmark,  Russia,  Sweden  and  Aus 
tralia.  The  defense  of  his  patent-rights  involved 
Professor  Morse  in  a  series  of  costly  suits,  and  his 
profits  were  consumed  by  prosecuting  rival  com 
panies,  but  his  rights  were  finally  affirmed  by  the 
U.S.  supreme  court.  Morse  now  turned  his  atten 
tion  to  submarine  telegraphy,  and  in  1842  laid 
a  cable  between  Castle  Garden  and  Governor's 
Island,  N.Y.  harbor.  He  gave  valuable  assist 
ance  to  Peter  Cooper  and  Cyrus  W.  Field  in  their 
efforts  to  lay  a  cable  across  the  Atlantic  ocean, 
being  electrician  to  the  New  York,  Newfoundland 
and  London  Telegraph  company.  He  was  an 
intimate  friend  of  Jacques  Haude  Daguerre,  the 
inventor  of  the  daguerreotype,  whom  he  had  met 
in  Paris  in  1889,  and  on  his  return  to  the  United 
States  constructed  an  apparatus  and  succeeded, 
in  connection  with  Dr.  John  W.  Draper,  in  pro 
ducing  the  first  sun  pictures  ever  made  in  the 
United  States.  Morse  also  patented  a  marble- 
cutting  machine  in  1823,  which  he  claimed  would 
produce  perfect  copies  of  any  model.  He  was 
married,  secondly,  Aug.  10,  1848,  to  Sarah  Eliza 
beth,  daughter  of  Capt.  Arthur Griswold,  U.S.A., 
and  by  her  had  children:  Samuel  Arthur  Breese, 
Cornelia  Livingston,  William  Goodrich  and  Ed 
ward  Lind.  Mrs.  Morse  died  at  the  home  of  her 
daughter  in  Berlin,  Germany,  Nov.  14,  1901. 
After  this  marriage  Professor  Morse  made  his 
home  at  "  Locust  Grove,"  on  the  Hudson  river, 
below  Poughkeepsie,  N.Y.,  retaining  his  winter 
residence  on  Twenty-second  street,  New  York 
city,  and  on  the  street  front  of  this  house  a 
marble  tablet  has  been  inserted,  inscribed  :  "In 
this  house  S.  F.  B.  Morse  lived  for  many  years 


[587] 


and  died."  The  honorary  degree  of  LL.D.  was 
conferred  on  him  by  Yale  college  in  1846,  and  he 
received  a  great  silver  medal  from  the  Academic 
Industrie,  Paris,  in  1839,  and  decorations  from 
Turkey,  France,  Denmark,  Prussia,  Wiirtemberg, 
Spain,  Portugal,  Austria,  Sweden,  Italy  and 
Switzerland.  He  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
Royal  Academy  of  Fine  Arts  of  Belgium  in  183?  ; 
corresponding  member  of  the  National  Institute 
for  the  Promotion  of  Science  in  1841  ;  a  member 
of  the  Archaeological  Association  of  Belgium 
in  1845,  the  American  Philosophical  society  in 
1848,  and  the  American  Academy  of  Arts  and 
Sciences  in  1849.  In  1856  a  banquet  was  given 
him  by  the  telegraph  companies  of  Great  Britain 
and  in  1858  representatives  of  France,  Austria, 
Sweden,  Russia,  Sardinia,  Turkey,  Holland,  Italy, 
Tuscany  and  the  Netherlands  met  at  Paris  and 
voted  an  appropriation  of  400,000  francs  to  be 
used  for  a  collective  testimonial  to  Mr.  Morse. 
A  banquet  was  held  in  his  honor  in  New  York 
city  on  Dec.  30,  1868,  Chief-Justice  Salmon  P. 
Chase  presiding.  A  bronze  statue  of  heroic  size, 
representing  him  holding  the  first  message  sent 
over  the  wires,  was  modelled  by  Byron  M. 
Pickett,  and  was  erected  in  Central  Park,  New 
York  city,  by  voluntary  subscriptions  June  10, 

1871.  The  evening  of  the  same  day  a  reception 
was  held  at  the  Academy  of  Music,  a  telegraph 
instrument  was  connected  with  all  the  wires  in 
the  United  States  and  the  following  message  was 
sent  :  "  Greeting  and  thanks  of  the  telegraph  fra 
ternity  throughout  the  land.    Glory  to  God  in  the 
highest,  and  on  earth  peace,  good  will  to  men." 
To  this  message  Morse  transmitted  his  name  with 
his  own   hand  on  the   instrument.     On  Jan.  17, 

1872,  Professor  Morse  unveiled  the  statue  of  Ben 
jamin  Franklin  in  Printing  House  square,  New 
York  city.     In  the  selection  of  names  for  places 
in  the  Hall  of  Fame  for  Great  Americans,  New 
York  university  in  October,  1900,  his  was  one  of 
the   sixteen   names   submitted   in  "  Class  D,  In 
ventors,"  and  was  one  of  three  in  the  class  to 
secure    a    place,    receiving    80    votes,    while   85 
votes  were  given   to   Robert  Fulton,  and  67  to 
Eli  Whitney.     Mr.  Morse  published  several  poems 
and   various  scientific  and  economic  articles  in 
the  North  American  Review,   edited    the    "  Re 
mains  of  Lucretia  Maria  Davidson  "  (1829),  and 
is  the  author  of :    Foreign   Conspiracy   against 
tJie  Liberties  of  the  United  States  (1835);  Immi 
nent  Dangers  to  the  Free  lust  it  (it  ions  of  the  United 
States    tlirough    Foreign   Immigration    and    the 
Present  State  of  the  Naturalization  Laws,  By  an 
American  (1835):  Confessions  of  a  French  Catholic 
Pi'iest  (1837),  and   Our  Liberties   Defended,  the 
Question  Discussed:  Is  the  Protestant  or  Papal 
System  most  Favorable  to   Civil  and    Religious 
Liberty?    (1841).      His  death   was  observed  by 


MORSE 


congress,  and  in  several  state  legislatures  memo 
rial  sessions  were  held  in  his  honor.  He  died  in 
New  York  city,  April  2,  1872. 

MORSE,  Sidney  Edwards,  journalist  and 
geographer,  was  born  in  Charlestown,  Mass., 
Feb.  7,  1794  ;  son  of  Jedediah  and  Elizabeth  Ann 
(Breese)  Morse.  He  was  graduated  from  Yale, 
A.B.,  1811,  A.M.,  1814,  attended  Andover  Theo 
logical  seminary,  1817-18,  and  studied  law  at  the 
Litchfield,  Conn.,  law  school.  He  suggested  the 
name  Boston  Recorder  for  a  religious  weekly 
newspaper,  and  was  its  editor  and  proprietor  from 
1816  until  it  became  the  third  in  circulation  of 
the  Boston  weekly  newspapers.  He  was  asso 
ciated  with  his  brother,  Samuel  F.  B.  Morse,  in 
patenting  and  selling  a  flexible  piston  pump  until 
1823,  when  lie  removed  to  New  York,  where, 
with  his  brother,  Richard  Gary  Morse,  he  founded 
and  edited  the  New  York  Observer.  He  retired 
from  active  editorial  work  in  1858.  In  1839  he 
was  associated  with  Henry  A.  Munson  in  the 
development  of  a  method  of  printing  geographi 
cal  maps  in  colors.  He  also  experimented  with 
an  invention  called  the  bathyometer  for  facilitat 
ing  the  exploration  of  the  sea  bottom.  He  edited 
nearly  all  his  father's  geographical  works  ;  re 
wrote  the  duodecimo  "School  Geography"  in 
1820;  the  octavo  geography  in  1822,  and  in 
connection  with  Richard  C.  Morse  rewrote  the 
"  Universal  Gazetteer  ",  1823,  preparing  atlases  to 
accompany  these  works.  He  is  the  author  of : 
Premium  Questions  on  Slavery  (1860);  and  Cero- 
graphic  Maps  Comprising  the  WholeField  of  An 
cient  and  Modern  Geography,  Chronology  and  His 
tory.  He  died  in  New  York  city,  Dec.  24,  1871. 

nORTON,  Henry,  scientist  and  educator,  was 
born  in  New  York  city,  Dec.  11,  1836  ;  son  of  the 
Rev.  Henry  Jackson  (q.v.)  and  Helen  (McFarlan) 
Morton,  and  grandson  of  Gen.  Jacob  (q.v.)  and 
Catherine  (Ludlow)  Morton.  He  attended  the 
Episcopal  academy 
at  Philadelphia,  and 
was  graduated  from 
the  University  of 
Pennsylvania,  A.B., 
1857,  A.M.,  1860,  and 
took  a  post-graduate 
course  in  chemistry. 
With  his  fellow  stu 
dents,  Charles  R. 
Hale  (q.v.)  and 
Samuel  H.  Jones,  he 
translated  the  Hiero 
glyphic,  Demotic  and 
Greek  texts  on  the 
Rosetta  Stone,  and 
prepared  the  report 

on  the  same  published  by  the  Philomatheon 
society  in  1859,  for  which  lie  made  all  the 


chromo-lithographic  drawings.  He  studied  lawr 
1857-59,  and  was  instructor  in  chemistry  and 
physics  at  the  Academy  of  the  Protestant  Epis 
copal  Church  in  Philadelphia,  1859-69.  He  wa& 
lecturer  on  mechanics  at  the  Franklin  Insti 
tute  in  Philadelphia  ;  was  professor  of  chemistry 
in  the  Philadelphia  Dental  college  in  1863  ;  was 
appointed  prof essor  pro  tempore  of  chemistry  and 
physics  in  the  University  of  Pennsylvania  during 
the  absence  abroad  of  Prof.  John  E.  Frazer  in 
1867-68,  and  in  1869,  when  the  professorship  was 
divided,  he  filled  the  chair  of  chemistry.  He  was 
appointed  resident  secretary  of  the  Franklin  In 
stitute  in  1864,  delivering  many  lectures  on 
light  in  the  Academy  of  Music  and  Opera  House, 
Philadelphia,  which  attracted  much  notice  in 
Europe  and  America,  and  was  made  editor  of 
the  Journal  of  the  Franklin  Institute  in  1867.  He 
became  president  of  Stevens  Institute  of  Tech 
nology  at  Hoboken,  N.J.,  founded  from  a  bequest 
of  Edwin  A.  Stevens  (q.v.),  in  1870.  The  building 
was  then  being  constructed,  and  President  Morton 
selected  the  faculty  and  arranged  the  course  of 
instruction.  He  was  in  charge  of  a  party  under 
the  auspices  of  the  U.S.  Nautical  Almanac  office, 
which  made  photographs  of  the  total  eclipse 
of  the  sun  in  Iowa,  August  7,  1869,  securing 
many  successful  plates.  In  this  connection  he 
discovered  the  true  cause  of  the  "  bright  line" 
seen  on  photographs  of  "  partial  phases  "  during 
solar  eclipses.  His  paper  on  this  subject  was- 
presented  by  M.  Fay  to  the  French  academy. 
(See  Comptes  Rendus,  Vol.  69,  p.  1234.)  He  was 
a  member  of  a  private  expedition  to  observe  the 
total  solar  eclipse,  July  29,  1878,  at  Rawlins, 
Wyoming  Territory.  He  was  appointed  a  mem 
ber  of  the  lighthouse  board  in  1878,  to  succeed 
Joseph  Henry,  deceased  (q.v.),  held  the  office 
until  1885,  and  conducted  investigations  on  fog 
signals,  electric  lighting,  fire  extinguishers  and 
illuminated  buoys.  The  honorary  degree  of 
Ph.D.  was  conferred  on  him  by  Dickinson  college 
in  1869  and  by  the  College  of  New  Jersey  in  1871  ;. 
also  the  degree  of  Sc.D.  by  the  University  of 
Pennsylvania  and  LL.D.  by  Princeton  university, 
both  in  1897.  He  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
American  Philosophical  society  in  1867  ;  the  Na 
tional  Academy  of  Science  ;  the  American  Chem 
ical  society  and  the  American  Society  of  Mechan 
ical  Engineers  in  1873.  He  was  married  in  1863  to 
Clara  Whiting  Dodge  of  New  York  city.  She 
died  Sept.  20,  1901.  at  his  country  residence,  Pine 
Hill,  Ulster  county.  N.Y.  He  is  the  author  of 
many  articles  on  chemistry  and  physics,  pub 
lished  in  scientific  journals  of  America  and 
Europe.  He  was  one  of  the  ninety-seven  judges- 
who  served  as  a  board  of  electors  in  October, 
1900,  in  determining  the  names  entitled  to  a 
place  in  the  Hall  of  Fame,  New  York  university. 


[588] 


MORTON 


MORTON 


He  served  as  a  scientific  expert  in  numerous  im 
portant  cases  of  patent  litigation,  and  by  reason 
of  the  revenue  so  derived  was  enabled  to  con 
tribute  to  the  endowment  and  enlargement  of  the 
Stevens  Institute,  to  an  aggregate  amount  of 
$140,000  up  to  1901.  This  includes,  besides  a 
workshop  fitted  up  in  1880,  contributions  to  the 
fund  for  the  erection  of  a  chemical  building  and 
an  endowment  fund  for  the  same  of  §80,000,  as 
well  as  a  new  boiler-house  and  boilers  to  supply 
the  entire  group  of  buildings,  costing  over  $15. 000. 
In  1901  he  took  a  lively  interest  in  the  expedition 
to  excavate  the  ruins  of  Ur  of  the  Chaldees,  and 
to  secure  the  early  setting  out  of  the  same  he 
guaranteed  the  expenses  for  the  first  year.  On 
Feb.  6,  1902,  the  institute  was  further  enriched 
through  the  efforts  of  President  Morton,  by  the 
Carnegie  Laboratory  of  Engineering  erected  at  a 
cost  of  $65,000  by  Andrew  Carnegie.  Dr.  Morton 
died  in  New  York  city.  May  8,  1902. 

flORTON,  Henry  Jackson,  clergyman,  was 
born  in  New  York  city,  Sept.  28,  1807  ;  son  of 
Jacob  (q.v.)  and  Catherine  (Ludlow)  Morton. 
He  attended  school  in  Jamaica,  L.I.,  and  New 
York  city  ;  was  graduated  at  Columbia  A.B.,  1827, 
A.M.,  1830.  After  studying  law  for  a  short  time 
he  entered  the  General  Theological  seminary  and 
was  graduated  and  ordered  deacon  in  1830.  He 
was  elected  assistant  rector  of  St.  James's 
church,  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  1830 ;  and  was  or 
dained  priest  in  1831.  He  was  married  in  1831  to 
Helen,  daughter  of  Henry  and  Mehitabel  Blan- 
chard  (Carmer)  McFarlan  of  New  York.  He  vis 
ited  Europe  in  1836,  and  was  rector  of  St.  James's 
church,  1837-87,  when  he  was  made  rector  emeri 
tus.  He  was  a  member  and  president  of  the 
standing  committee  of  the  diocese  of  Pennsyl 
vania  ;  was  a  trustee  of  the  University  of  Penn 
sylvania,  1844-90,  and  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal 
academy  of  Philadelphia.  Having  unusual  ar 
tistic  ability,  he  was  in  early  life  an  active  mem 
ber  of  the  National  Academy  of  Design  in  New 
York,  and  of  the  New  York  Sketch  club,  which 
afterward  became  the  Century  association.  He 
was  also  a  member  of  the  board  of  managers 
of  the  Episcopal  Hospital,  Church  Home  and 
Philadelphia  Dispensary.  He  received  the  de 
gree  of  D.D.  from  the  University  of  Pennsylvania 
in  1844.  He  is  the  author  of:  The  Sunday-School 
Teacher's  Call,  and  Tlie  Sunday-School  Teacher's 
Aid  both  published  in  1838.  He  died  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa.,  Nov.  1.  1890. 

MORTON,  Jackson,  senator,  was  born  in  Fred- 
ericksburg,  Va.,  Aug.  10.  1794.  His  parents  died 
when  he  was  a  boy,  and  he  was  reared  by  his 
grandmother  until  her  death  and  then  by  his 
uncle,  William  Morton.  He  studied  at  Wash 
ington  college  and  was  graduated  at  the  College 
of  William  and  Mary  in  1815.  He  engaged  in  the 


[589] 


lumber  business  at  Pensacola,  Fla.,  in  1820,  set 
tled  as  a  planter  on  his  estate,  "  Mortonia,"  near 
Pensacola,  represented  his  district  in  the  terri 
torial  legislature,  1836-37,  and  was  president  of 
the  council  in  1837  and  for  several  years  there 
after.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  convention  that 
framed  the  constitution  of  Florida  in  1838,  a  gen 
eral  of  the  volunteer  forces  during  the  Indian 
wars,  and  navy  agent  at  Pensacola,  Fla.,  1841-45. 
He  was  a  presidential  elector  on  the  Taylor  and 
Fillmore  ticket  in  1848,  and  was  elected  to  the  U.S. 
senate  as  a  Whig  for  the  term  1849-55.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  Confederate  congress,  1862-65. 
He  died  in  Santa  Rosa  county,  Fla.,  Nov.  20,  1874. 
MORTON,  Jacob,  soldier,  was  born  in  New 
York  city,  July  8,  1761  ;  son  of  John  and  Maria 
Sophia  (Kemper)  Morton.  John  Morton,  the  son 
of  a  Scotch  clergyman,  came  to  New  York  in  the 
commissary  department  of  the  British  army  prior 
to  1760,  and  resigning 
his  position  after  a 
time  went  into  busi 
ness  as  an  exporter  of 
flax  and  importer  of 
Irish  linen  and  other 
merchandise.  He 
married  Maria  Sophia, 
daughter  of  Jacob 
Kemper,  who  was 
born  at  Caub  on  the 
Rhine,  Germany,  in 
1706  ;  came  to  Amer 
ica  in  1741,  with  his 
wife  (Maria  Regina 
Ernest  of  Mankeim, 
Germany)  and  fam 
ily,  settled  first  at  Rhinebeck,  on  the  Hudson 
river,  then  at  Beekman,  on  the  Livingston  "  Pa 
tent,"  and  finally  (in  1749)  at  New  Brunswick, 
N.  J.  John  Morton  sided  with  the  colonies  in  the 
Revolution,  and  left  New  York  when  its  occupa 
tion  by  the  British  was  threatened,  and  with  his 
family  and  effects  removed  first  to  Elizabeth,  and 
soon  after  to  Baskingridge,  N.J.  He  placed  a 
large  part  of  his  capital  in  the  "  Loan  Office  "  of 
the  revolted  colonies,  and  the  extent  of  this  depo 
sit  caused  him  to  be  called  by  the  British  "  the 
Rebel  Banker.''  He  died  at  Baskingridge  in  1781 . 
Peace  being  declared  in  1783,  the  Morton  family 
removed  to  Elizabethtown,  and  in  December  of 
the  same  year  to  New  York  city.  Jacob  Morton 
graduated  from  the  College  of  New  Jersey,  A.B., 
1778,  A.M..  1781,  studied  law  with  Judge  Patter- 
son  in  Trenton,  N.  J..  and  was  admitted  to  the 
bar,  first  in  New  Jersey  and  afterward  in  New 
York.  He  opened  an  office  and  began  practice  as 
a  lawyer  in  New  York  city.  He  received  his  first 
commission  as  an  officer  of  the  militia  in  1786, 
and  later  became  colonel  of  the  6th  regiment  of 


MORTON 


MORTON 


infantry,  and  was  transferred  with  that  regiment 
to  the  artillery,  and  in  1815  was  placed  in  com 
mand  of  the  first  division  of  the  New  York  state 
artillery.  During  the  war  of  1812  he  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  state  board  of  fortification,  and  as 
commander  of  artillery  was  constantly  active  in 
connection  with  the  preparations  for  the  defense 
of  New  York  harbor.  General  Morton  was  elected 
to  the  house  of  assembly  in  1795,  and  in  1797  was 
made  a  judge  of  the  court  of  justices,  and  after 
filling  the  offices  of  alderman,  comptroller  and 
city  inspector,  was  in  1810  made  clerk  of  the 
common  council,  which  office  he  held  until  his 
death.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Society  of  the 
Cincinnati,  and  his  portrait  with  the  badge  of 
that  organization  is  preserved,  together  with  a 
large  punch  bowl  presented  by  him  to  the  board 
of  aldermen,  in  the  Governor's  room  at  the  City 
Hall,  New  York  city.  On  June  25,  1791,  General 
Morton  married  Catharine  Ludlow,  who  was  born 
Jan.  22,  1767,  and  died  May  11,  1849,  leaving  seven 
sons  and  one  daughter,  as  follows  :  John  Ludlow, 
artist,  born  March  16,  1792,  died  Aug.  2,  1871  ; 
George  William,  U.S.  commissioner,  etc.,  born 
July  5,  1793,  died  May  7, 1865  ;  Charles  Ferdinand, 
U.S.  army,  born  Oct.  30,  1794,  died  April  10, 
1868  ; -Edmund,  gentleman  farmer,  born  June  1, 
1800,  died  Aug.  7,  1881  ;  Hester  Sophia,  born 
Aug.  3,  1796,  married  Dr.  R.  Bullas,  died  June  26, 
1868  ;  Washington Quincy,  lawyer,  born  April  12, 
1802,  died  Sept.  6,  1878  ;  Hamilton,  surgeon,  later 
lawyer,  born  Jan.  21,  1804,  died  1895  ;  and  Henry 
Jackson  (q.v.).  See  "New  York  City  During 
the  War  of  1822,"  by  R.  S.  Guernsey(New  York, 
1889).  He  died  in  New  York  city,  Dec.  3,  1836. 

NORTON,  James  St.  Clair,  soldier,  was  born 
in  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Sept.  24,  1829;  son  of  Dr. 
Samuel  George  arid  Rebecca  Grellet  (Pearsall) 
Morton.  He  attended  the  University  of  Pennsyl 
vania,  1843-46,  and  was  graduated  at  the  U.S. 
Military  academy,  second  in  the  class  of  1851,  and 
was  assigned  to  the  corps  of  engineers.  He  was 
assistant  engineer  in  the  construction  of  the  de 
fenses  at  Charleston,  S.C.,  1851-52,  and  in  the 
building  of  Fort  Delaware,  Del.,  1852-55.  He  was 
proi noted  2d  lieutenant  in  the  corps  of  engineers, 
April  1,  1854;  was  assistant  professor  of  math 
ematics  and  of  military  engineering  at  the 
U.S.  Military  academy,  1855-57,  engineer  in  the 
preliminary  work  at  Sandy  Hook  Fort,  N.J., 
1857-58,  and  built  the  Sandy  Hook  lighthouse. 
He  was  promoted  1st  lieutenant,  July  1,  1856  ; 
served  as  lighthouse  engineer,  1858-59;  and  had 
charge  of  work  on  the  Washington  monument 
and  Avas  engineer  of  the  Potomac  water  works, 
1859-60.  He  was  in  command  of  the  Chiriqui 
expedition  to  Central  America  in  1860  ;  was  super 
intending  engineer  during  the  building  of  Fort 
Jefferson,  atTortugas,  Fla.,  1861-62,  andof  repairs 


at  Fort  Mifflin,  Pa.,  in  1862.  He  was  promoted 
captain  of  the  corps  of  engineers,  Aug.  6,  1861  ; 
served  as  chief  engineer  of  the  Army  of  the  Ohio, 
May  to  October,  1862  ;  as  chief  engineer  of  the 
Army  of  the  Cumberland  from  October,  1862,  to 
November,  1863,  and  commanded  the  Pioneer 
brigade  attached  to  the  14th  corps  of  the  Army 
of  the  Cumberland  in  November,  1863.  He  was 
commissioned  brigadier-general  of  U.S.  volun 
teers,  Nov.  29,  1862,  and  served  in  the  Tennessee 
campaign,  being  engaged  in  the  battle  of  Stone's 
River,  Dec.  31,  1862,  to  Jan.  3,  1863  ;  wasbrevetted 
lieutenant-colonel,  U.S.A.,  Jan.  2, 1863,  for  gallant 
and  meritorious  services  in  the  battle  of  Stone's 
River  ;  was  engaged  in  fortifying  Nashville  and 
Murfreesboro,  Tenn.,  January  to  June,  1803  ; 
participated  in  the  advance  on  Tullahoma,  June  to 
July,  1863,  and  was  promoted  major,  July  3,  1863. 
He  took  part  in  the  battle  of  Chickamauga,  Sept. 
19-20, 1863, \vhere  he  was  wounded  ;  wasbrevetted 
colonel,  U.S.A.  for  gallant  and  meritorious  serv 
ices  in  that  battle,  Sept.  20,  1863,  and  engaged  in 
fortifying  Chattanooga.  September  to  November, 
1863.  He  was  mustered  out  of  the  volunteer 
service,  Nov.  7,  1863  ;  served  as  superintending 
engineer  of  the  defenses  of  Nashville,  Murfrees 
boro,  Clarksvilleand  FortDoneison  from  Nov.  14, 

1863,  to  Jan.  30,  1864  ;   was  assistant  to  the  chief 
engineer  at  Washington,  D.C.,  January  to  May, 

1864,  and  chief  engineer  of  the  9th  army  corps, 
May-June,   1864,   being  engaged  in  the  battle  of 
North  Anna.  May  24,  1864,  battle  of  Tolopotomy, 
May  28-29,  1864,  battle  of  Bethesda  church,  May 
30, 1864,  and  the  assault  of  Petersburg,  Va.,  where 
he  was  killed  while  leading  the  attack.     He  was 
brevetted    brigadier-general    of  the  U.S.  army, 
June  17,  1864,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services 
at  the  assault  on  Petersburg,  Va.     He  is  the  au 
thor  of  :  An  Essay  on  Instruction  in  Engineering, 
(1856)  ;  an  essay  on  A  New  Plan  for  the  Fortifi 
cation  of  Certain   Points  of  the  Sea  Coast  of  the 
United  States  (1858);  Memoir  on  American  For 
tification    (1859);  Dangers  and  Defences  of  New 
York  City  (1858);  and  Life  and  Services  of  Maj. 
John  Sannders  of  the  Engineers  (1860).     He  was 
killed  at  Petersburg,  Va.,  June  17,  1864,  and  was 
buried  with  military  honors  at  Laurel  Hill  ceme 
tery,  Philadelphia. 

nORTON,  John,  signer,  was  born  at  Ridley, 
Pa.  in  1724;  son  of  John  and  Mary  (Richards) 
Morton.  His  ancestors  were  among  the  first 
Swedish  emigrants  to  settle  on  the  Delaware 
river  between  the  Christiana  and  the  Wickeeo,  in 
the  suburbs  of  Philadelphia,  Pa.  His  father  died 
before  his  birth,  and  his  mother  was  married,  sec 
ondly,  to  John  Sketchier,  an  Englishman,  who 
guarded  his  stepson  with  paternal  care,  superin 
tending  his  education  and  instructing  him  in  sur 
veying.  He  was  employed  in  surveying  and 
590] 


MORTON 


farming  until  1704,  when  he  was  commissioned, a 
justice  of  the  peace.  He  \vaselected  a  represent 
ative  in  the  general  assembly  of  Pennsylvania  in 
1764,  and  held  the  office  several  years,  serving  as 
speaker  almost  continuously.  He  was  appointed 
Sept.  11,  1765,  a  delegate  to  the  stamp  act  con 
gress,  which  met  in  New  York  in  that  year,  and 
was  sheriff  of  Chester  county,  1766-69.  He  served 
as  president  judge  of  the  court  of  general  quarter 
sessions  and  common  pleas,  and  as  judge  of  the 
supreme  court  of  Pennsylvania  previous  to  the 
Revolutionary  war.  He  was  appointed  in  July, 
1774,  a  delegate  to  the  first  Continental  congress, 
which  met  in  Philadelphia,  Sept.  5,1774.  He  was 
chosen  colonel  of  a  battalion  of  volunteers  raised 
in  Chester  county  soon  after  the  battle  of  Lexing 
ton,  1775,  but  public  duties  prevented  his  accept 
ing  the  commission.  He  was  instructed  to  assist 
in  framing  and  adopting  a  plan  "  for  the  purpose 
of  obtaining  redress  of  American  grievances  ;  for 
placing  American  rights  upon  a  solid  and  consti 
tutional  basis,  and  for  establishing  if  possible  har 
mony  between  Great  Britain  and  the  colonies."' 
He  served  with  ability  on  several  important  com 
mittees  during  his  term  in  congress,  and  was 
chairman  of  the  committee  of  the  whole  during 
the  organization  of  a  system  of  confederation 
finally  agreed  upon  Nov.  15,  1777,  and  on  July  4, 
1776,  gave  the  casting  vote  of  the  delegation  from 
Pennsylvania  in  favor  of  the  Declaration  of  In 
dependence,  and  subsequently  signed  the  docu 
ment.  This  was  most  important,  as  it  settled 

the       position 

'/,'•     '  -'^  °f        Pennsyl 

vania  on  the 
question  of  ad 
opting  the  De 
claration,  and 
this  act  cost 
him  the  friend 
ship  of  his  con 
stituents,  who 
almost  univer 
sally  ques 
tioned  the  policy  of  taking  so  radical  a  course, 
and  while  Franklin  and  Wilson  favored  the 
measure,  Willing  and  Humphreys  strongly  op 
posed  it.  He  did  not  live  to  witness  the  change 
in  public  sentiment,  and  on  his  death  bed  said, 
"Tell  them  that  they  will  live  to  seethe  hour 
when  they  shall  acknowledge  it  to  have  been  the 
most  glorious  service  that  I  ever  rendered  my 
country."  He  was  married  to  Ann  Justis  of 
Delaware.  A  monument  was  erected  to  his 
memory  in  the  Episcopal  churchyard  at  Chester, 
Pa..  Oct.  9,  1845.  and  a  memorial  tablet  was  placed 
by  liis  grandson  in  Independence  Hall,  Philadel 
phia  in  1876,  but  exact  dates  are  not  recorded. 
He  died  in  Chester  county,  Pa.,  in  April,  1777. 

[591] 


MORTON,  John  P.,  publisher,  was  born  in 
Lexington,  Ky.,  March  4,  1807.  He  entered 
Transylvania  university  in  1821,  but  left  in  1823 
on  account  of  his  father's  business  failure.  He 
was  a  tutor  for  a  short  time  ;  clerked  in  a  Lex 
ington  bookstore,  and  in  1825  was  engaged  by 
W.  W.  Worseley  as  his  agent,  and  later  took 
entire  charge  of  his  publishing  business.  In  1826 
he  was  in  partnership  with  Mr.  Worseley  in  pub 
lishing  the  Focus  and  in  book-selling.  In  1827 
the  publishing  house  of  Morton  &  Co.  wTas  estab 
lished,  and  continued  until  1829,  when  the  name 
was  changed  to  Morton  &  Smith  and  later  to  John 
P.  Morton  &  Co.  This  was  the  only  house  in  the 
south  that  published  a  full  line  of  school  books. 
Mr.  Morton  was  the  pioneer  in  Kentucky  in  the 
manufacture  of  books  and  of  blank  books.  He 
built  the  John  N.  Morton  Memorial  infirmary  for 
the  sick  at  Louisville,  at  a  cost  of  $100,000  and 
gave  it  to  the  Diocese  of  Kentucky,  a  memorial  to 
his  son.  He  died  in  Louisville,  Ky..  July  19,  1889. 

MORTON,  Julius  Sterling,  cabinet  officer,  was 
born  in  Adams,  Jefferson  county,  N.Y.,  April  22, 
1832  ;  son  of  Julius  D.  and  Emeline  (Sterling) 
Morton  ;  grandson  of  Abner  Morton,  and  a  des 
cendant  of  George 
Morton,  who  was  the 
financial  agent  of  the 
Pilgrims  in  1620.  and 
chartered  the  May- 
floii'er.  He  was  taken 
by  his  parents  to 
Michigan  in  1834  ;  at 
tended  school  at  Mon 
roe,  and  the  Wesley- 
an  seminary  at  Al 
bion,  and  matricu 
lated  at  the  Univer 
sity  of  Michigan  in 
the  class  of  1854,  but 
left  before  gradua 
ting,  receiving  his  * 

degree  in  1858  itunc  pro  tune.  He  was  married, 
Oct.  30, 1854,  to  Caroline  French  Joy,  and  removed 
at  once  to  the  then  territory  of  Nebraska,  which 
had  just  been  opened  to  settlement.  He  became 
a  member  of  the  Townsite  company  at  Nebraska 
City,  established  the  Nebraska  City  News,  and  was 
twice  elected  a  member  of  the  territorial  legisla 
ture.  In  1853  he  was  appointed  secretary  of  the 
territory  by  President  Buchanan,  and  served  in 
that  position,  part  of  the  time  as  acting  governor, 
under  the  organic  act,  until  May,  1861.  In  1872 
as  a  member  of  the  state  board  of  agriculture  he 
originated  the  phrase  "  Arbor  Day,"  and  institu 
ted  the  observation  of  that  tree-planting  festival. 
From  that  all  arbor  days  in  all  the  states  have 
germinated.  He  was  the  Democratic  candidate 
for  governor  of  the  state  in  1806,  1882,  1884  and 


MORTON 


MORTON 


1892,  and  was  secretary  of  agriculture  in  the 
cabinet  of  President  Cleveland,  1893-97.  He  re 
ceived  the  honorary  degree  of  A.B.  from  Union 
college  in  1854,  and  that  of  LL.D.  from  Williams 
college  in  1895.  He  established  his  home  at  Arbor 
Lodge,  adjoining  Nebraska  City,  on  a  quarter 
section  of  land  which  he  pre-empted  from  the 
government  at  $1.25  per  acre  in  1857,  having  been 
a  resident  on  the  same  from  June  1 ,  1855.  He 
established  the  Conservative  in  1896  as  an  inde 
pendent  newspaper  and  under  his  editorship  it  soon 
gained  a  large  circulation.  He  was  also  connected 
witli  nearly  every  manufacturing  industry  in  his 
city.  His  wife  died  in  1881  at  Arbor  Lodge, 
Neb.,  and  he  died  at  the  home  of  his  son,  Mark 
Morton,  at  Lake  Forest,  111.,  April  27,  1902. 

flORTON,  Levi  Parsons,  Vice-President  of 
the  United  States,  was  born  at  Shoreham,  Vt., 
May  16,  1824  ;  son  of  the  Rev.  Daniel  Oliver  and 
Lucretia  (Parsons)  Morton  ;  grandson  of  Ebenezer, 

Jr.,  and  Hannah 
(Dailey)  Morton ; 
great-grandson  of 
Capt.  Ebenezer  and 
Mercy  (Foster)  Mor 
ton,  and  of  Daniel 
and  Hannah  Dailey, 
of  Easton,  Maine  ; 
great2-grandson  of 
John,  Jr.,  and  Mary 
(Ring)  Morton  and  of 
John  and  Hannah 
(Stetson)  Foster,  and 
great-3grandson  of 
the  Hon.  John  and 
Lettice  (Hanford) 
Morton  of  Middle- 

boro,  Mass.,  and  of  Andrew  Ring.  His  first  an 
cestor  in  America,  George  Morton  (or  Mourt), 
financial  agent  of  the  Plymouth  colony,  born 
in  Yorkshire,  England,  1585,  married  in  1612, 
Juliana,  daughter  of  Alexander  Carpenter  ;  took 
passage  in  the  ship  Anne,  which  arrived  in  Ply 
mouth,  Mass.,  in  June,  1623,  and  was  the  author 
of  '•  Mourt's  Relation"  (1622),  giving  the  earliest 
account  of  the  Pilgrim  enterprise.  His  maternal 
ancestor,  Joseph  Parsons,  was  a  cornet  in  an 
English  cavalry  troop,  and  was  father  of  the  first 
child  born  in  Northampton.  Mass.  Levi  Parsons 
Morton  was  educated  at  Shoreham  academy  :  was 
employed  in  a  country  store  at  En  field,  Mass., 
1838-40:  taught  school  at  Boscawen,  N.H..  1840- 
41  ;  was  clerk  in  the  general  store  of  W.  W.  Ester- 
brook,  in  Concord.  N.H.,  and  in  1«42  was  given 
charge  of  a  branch  store  at  Hanover.  Upon  the 
failure  of  Mr.  Esterbrook.  Morton  became  a  clerk 
in  the  employ  of  Mr.  Beebe  of  New  York,  and 
in  1845,  on  reaching  bis  majority,  bought  ont 
Beebe's  interest  and  engaged  in  the  business  for 


himself.  He  removed  to  Boston,  Mass.,  in  1849, 
to  accept  a  partnership  with  Mr.  Beebe  in  the 
dry  goods  business,  and  in  1854  established  the 
dry  goods  house  of  Morton  &  Grinnell,  in  New 
York  city,  The  firm  failed  in  1861,  and  in  1862 
he  established  the  banking  and  brokerage  house 
of  L.  P.  Morton  &  Co.,  with  Charles  W.  McCune 
as  partner,  and  when  Mr.  McCune  withdrew  in 
1863,  Mr.  Morton  established  the  London  house 
of  Morton,  Burns  &  Co.  In  1868  George  Bliss 
became  a  member  of  the  New  York  house,  the 
firm  name  being  changed  to  Morton,  Bliss  &  Co., 
and  Sir  John  Rose  entered  the  London  house, 
which  became  Morton,  Rose  &  Co. .  the  Geneva 
award  of  $15,500.000  being  paid  through  this 
house.  The  firm  was  also  conspicuous  for  its  sale 
of  $500,000,000  of  New  York  Central  stock  belong 
ing  to  Cornelius  Vanderbilt.  to  English  pur 
chasers.  The  firm  of  Morton,  Bliss  &  Co.  headed 
the  syndicate  formed  to  fund  the  national  debt 
in  1896,  and  in  1899  went  into  Voluntary  liqui 
dation,  and  was  succeeded  by  the  Morton  Trust 
company.  Mr.  Morton  was  a  Republican  repre 
sentative  in  the  46th  congress,  1879-81  ;  declined 
to  accept  the  nomination  for  Vice-President  from 
the  Republican  national  convention  in  1880,  was 
appointed  by  President  Garfield  U.S.  minister 
to  France  in  1881,  having  declined  the  position  of 
secretary  of  the  navy  in  his  cabinet.  He  resigned 
the  French  mission  in  1885,  and  returned  to  New 
York.  He  was  elected  Vice-President  of  the 
United  States  on  the  Republican  ticket,  with 
Benjamin  Harrison  for  President,  in  1888,  serving 
1889-93,  but  was  not  re-nominated  in  1892.  He 
was  elected  governor  of  the  state  of  New  York  in 
1894,  defeating  David  B.  Hill,  the  Democratic 
candidate,  by  a  large  plurality.  While  governor 
lie  signed  the  bill  granting  the  charter  to  Greater 
New  Y'ork.  Upon  the  close  of  his  term  in  1896 
he  retired  from  politics,  and  gave  his  entire  time 
to  his  banking  interests  and  to  beautifying  his 
estate,  "  Ellerslie,"  at  Rhinebeck-on-the-Hudson, 
where  he  also  engaged  in  stock  raising.  He  was 
twice  married,  first  in  1866,  to  Lucy  Kimball,  of 
Flat  lands,  L.I.,  N.Y.,  who  died  in  1871,  and 
secondly,  in  1873,  to  Anna  Livingston,  daughter  of 
William  J.  Street  of  Pouglikeepsie,  N.Y.,  and 
they  had  five  daughters.  He  became  a  member 
of  several  New  York  clubs,  and  of  the  Sons  of  the 
Revolution  and  the  Mayflower  Descendants.  The 
honorary  degree  of  LL.D.  was  conferred  on  him 
by  Dartmouth  in  1881,  and  by  Middlebury  in 
1882.  In  1885  he  gave  a  valuable  piece  of  property 
to  Dartmouth  college  on  which  to  erect  a 
memorial  hall ;  and  in  1885  he  gave  $10,000  to 
Middlebury  college  on  condition  that  an  equal 
amount  of  money  should  be  raised,  and  the  whole 
be  used  to  found  a  professorship  of  modern 
languages. 


[502J 


MORTON 


MORTON 


MORTON,  Marcus,  governor  of  Massachusetts, 
was  born  in  Freetown,  Mass.,  Feb.  19,  1784  ;  son 
-of  Nathaniel  and  Mary  (Gary)  Morton  ;  grandson 
of  Nathaniel  and  Hannah  (Pritchard)  Templor 
Morton,  and  great-grandson  of  George  and  Julia 
(Carpenter)  Morton.  He  was  graduated  with 
highest  honors  at  Brown  university,  A.B.,  1804, 
A.M.,  1807,  and  studied  law  at  Litchfield,  Conn. 
He  was  married  in  1807  to  Charlotte,  daughter  of 
James  Hodges,  of  Taunton,  Mass.,  and  practised 
law  in  Taunton.  He  was  clerk  of  the  Massa 
chusetts  senate,  1811-12;  a  Democratic  represent 
ative  from  Massachusetts  in  the  15th  and  16th 
congresses,  1817-21  ;  a  member  of  the  executive 
council  of  Massachusetts  in  1823 ;  lieutenant- 
governor  in  1825,  and  became  acting  governor  on 
the  death  of  Governor  Eustis  in  that  year.  He 
was  judge  of  the  supreme  court  of  Massachusetts, 
1825-39,  and  resigned  in  1839  to  accept  the 
nomination  of  governor  of  Massachusetts,  and 
was  elected  over  Edward  Everett  by  one  vote. 
He  was  defeated  for  election  in  1841,  but  was 
elected  in  1842  by  the  legislature,  and  again  by  a 
majority  of  one  vote,  and  served  through  1843. 
He  was  collector  of  the  port  of  Boston  by 
.appointment  of  President  Polk,  1845-48,  when 
lie  resigned.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Massa 
chusetts  constitutional  convention  of  1853,  and 
a  representative  in  the  state  legislature  in 
1 858.  He  served  as  a  member  of  the  board  of  over 
seers  of  Harvard  university,  1820-52,  and  1854-60, 
and  received  the  honorary  degree  of  LL.D.  from 
Brown  university  in  1826,  and  from  Harvard  uni 
versity  in  1840.  He  died  in  Taunton,  Mass.,  Feb. 
6,  1864. 

MORTON,  Marcus,  jurist,  was  born  in  Taun 
ton,  Mass.,  April  8,  1819;  son  of  Governor  Mar 
cus  and  Charlotte  (Hodges)  Morton,  and  grand 
son  of  James  Hodges,  of  Taunton.  He  was  pre 
pared  for  college  in  Bristol  County  academy  ; 
was  graduated  at  Brown  university,  A.B.,  1838, 
A.M.,  1841 ;  and  at  the  Harvard  Law  school,  LL.B. 
1840.  He  continued  his  law  studies  in  the  office 
of  Peleg  Sprague  and  William  Gray,  in  Boston, 
and  practised  in  Boston,  1841-50.  He  was  married 
Oct.  19,  1843,  to  Abby  B.,  daughter  of  Henry  and 
Amy  (Harris)  Hoppin  of  Providence,  R.I.,  and 
in  1850  removed  to  Andover,  Mass.  He  was  a 
delegate  to  the  constitutional  convention  of  1853  ; 
.a  representative  in  the  state  legislature  of  1858, 
where  he  served  as  chairman  of  the  committee 
on  elections.  He  was  appointed  judge  of  the 
superior  court  of  Suffolk  county  in  April,  1858,  to 
fill  the  vacancy  caused  by  the  resignation  of 
Josiali  G.  Abbot,  and  served  until  the  abolition 
of  that  court  in  1859.  He  was  appointed  justice 
of  the  superior  court  of  Massachusetts  on  its 
organization  in  1859,  to  succeed  Judge  E.  R. 
Hoar  ;  became  an  associate  justice  of  the  supreme 


court  of  Massaclmsetts  in  1869,  succeeded  Horace 
Gray  as  chief  justice  in  January,  1882,  and  re 
signed  on  Aug.  27,  1890.  He  received  the  degree 
of  LL.D.  from  Brown  university  in  1870  and 
from  Harvard  university  in  1882.  He  died  at 
Andover,  Mass.,  Feb.  10,  1891. 

MORTON,  Nathaniel,  author,  was  born  in 
Leyden,  Holland,  in  1613  ;  son  of  George  and 
Julia  (Carpenter)  Morton,  and  a  grandson  of 
Alexander  Carpenter.  George  Morton,  a  native 
of  Ansterfield,  Yorkshire,  England,  joined  the 
Pilgrims  at  Leyden,  Holland,  before  1613,  immi 
grated  to  America  in  the  ship  Ann  with  his 
wife  and  five  children,  and  settled  in  Plymouth, 
Mass.,  iii  June,  1623.  Nathaniel  accompanied  his 
parents  to  the  new  world,  and  after  the  death  of 
his  father,  in  1828,  was  adopted  by  Governor 
Bradford,  who  had  married  his  mother's  sister. 
He  became  associated  with  Bradford  in  the  man 
agement  of  public  affairs  ;  was  made  a  freeman 
in  1635,  and  served  as  secretary  of  the  Plymouth 
colony,  1647-85,  longer  than  any  incumbent  of  a 
similar  office.  He  was  also  secretary  of  the 
United  colonies  of  New  England,  and  almost  all 
the  records  of  the  Plymouth  colony  and  the 
United  colonies  of  New  England  are  in  his  hand 
writing.  He  noted  the  happenings  of  the  early 
days  of  the  colony,  which  were  published  under 
the  title,  "  New  England's  Memorial ;  or,  a  Brief 
Relation  of  the  Most  Memorable  and  Remarkable 
Passages  of  the  Providence  of  God,  manifested 
to  the  Planters  of  New  England  "  (1669)  ;  re 
printed  in  England  (1669).,  with  a  supplement  by 
Josiah  Cotton,  Boston,  Mass.  (1721)  ;  3d  edition 
(1772) ;  4th  edition,  with  supplement  and  large  ad 
ditions  with  marginal  notes,  and  a  copy  of  an 
ancient  map  by  John  Davis  (1826),  and  6th  edition 
(1855).  He  was  placed  next  in  honor  after  the 
governors,  and  before  Captain  Standish  and 
Robert  Cushman,  in  recognition  of  his  long  and 
important  services  to  the  colony.  He  was  married 
in  1635  to  Lydia  Cooper,  and  a  second  time  April 
29,  1674,  to  Hannah,  widow  of  Richard  Templar, 
and  a  daughter  of  Richard  Pritchard.  He  is  the 
author  of  numerous  verses  commemorating  the 
virtues  of  the  Pilgrims,  the  best  specimens  being 
those  on  the  death  of  Mrs.  Bradford,  published  at 
the  end  of  Governor  Bradford's  "  History  "  (1856) , 
and  of  a  Synopsis  of  the  CJmrch  History  of  Ply 
mouth  (1680),  preserved  in  Ebenezer  Hazard's 
"Historical  Collections,"  and  published  in  Alex 
ander  Young's  "  Chronicles  of  the  Pilgrim 
Fathers  of  the  Colony  of  Plymouth  ''  (1841).  He 
died  in  Plymouth,  Mass.,  June  29,  1685. 

MORTON,  Oliver  Hazard  Perry  Throck,  states 
man,  was  born  in  Salisbury,  Wayne  county,  Ind., 
Aug.  4,  1823  ;  the  fourth  child  of  James  Throck 
and  Sarah  (Miller)  Morton,  and  a  direct  descend 
ant  of  John  Tlirockmorton,  who  reached  Boston 


[593J 


MORTON 


MORTON 


harbor  with  Roger  Williams  on  the  ship  Lion, 
1631,  and  first  settled  at  Salem,  but  appears  April 

10,  10:57.  named  in  a 
grant  of  Williams,  as 
neighbor  Throckmor- 
ton.  In  1642  he  set 
tled  at  Throg's  Neck, 
N.  Y.,  with  thirty- 
live  associates,  and 
after  the  Indian  mas 
sacre  of  October, 
1643,  in  which  mem 
bers  of  his  family 
were  killed,  he  re 
turned  to  Rhode 
Island,  where  lie  was 
a  freeman,  1655,  and 
deputy  in  the  colo 
nial  legislature,  1664- 

73.  He  purchased  land  in  the  "  Monmouth  Patent," 
N.  J.,  but  continued  the  neighbor  of  Roger  Wil 
liams  in  Providence.  His  sons,  Job  and  John,  Jr. , 
went  to  Monmouth  county,  and  among  their  de 
scendants  James,  born  in  New  Jersey,  May  4, 
1782,  having  a  dispute  with  his  brother,  changed 
his  name  to  James  Throe k  Morton,  and  wrote  it 
James  T.  Morton.  He  removed  to  Ohio  in  early 
life  and  married  there,  his  first  wife  bearing  him 
three  children.  On  Feb.  14,  1815,  he  married 
secondly,  Sarah,  daughter  of  John  and  Hannah 
Miller,  of  Springfield,  Ohio,  who  came  to  Ohio 
from  Elizabeth,  N.  J.  Mrs.  Morton  died  when 
Oliver  was  three  years  old.  He  attended  Wayne 
county  seminary  for  one  year,  and  when  his 
grandfather  removed  to  Centreville,  Ind.  (where 
he  died,  Oct.  12,  1838),  Oliver  was  first  employ eti 
in  a-drug  store,  and  later  was  apprentice  to  his 
half-brother,  William  S.  T.  Morton,  a  hatter.  He 
attended  Miami  university,  Oxford,  Ohio,  1843-45, 
but  left  before  graduating  and  was  married.  He 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1846,  and  practised  in 
Centreville  until  Feb.  23,  1852,  when  he  was 
elected  by  the  legislature  judge  of  the  sixth  cir 
cuit,  and  served  eight  months  until  under  the 
new  constitution  the  office  became  elective.  He 
then  attended  the  law  school  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio, 
for  six  months  and  returned  to  his  practice  in 
Centreville.  In  the  presidential  campaign  of 
1852  he  spoke  for  Pierce  and  Butler,  and  was  him 
self  favorably  mentioned  for  representative  in 
congress  and  even  for  U.  S.  senator.  He  how 
ever  refused  to  endorse  the  Kansas-Nebraska  bill 
before  the  Democratic  state  convention  at  Indian 
apolis  in  May,  1854,  and  was  expelled  from  the 
convention.  He  attached  himself  to  the  People's 
party,  July  13,  1864,  which  party  carried  the 
state.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  preliminary 
Free-soil  convention  at  Pittsburg,  Feb.  22,  1856, 
where  the  Republican  party  was  formed.  He 


was  the  unsuccessful  candidate  of  the  People's 
party  for  governor  of  Indiana  in  1856,  being  de 
feated  by  Aslibel  P.  Willard  after  an  exciting 
canvass,  in  which  the  two  candidates  met  in  joint 
debate  several  times.  He  was  elected  lieutenant- 
governor  in  1860,  and  was  inaugurated  Jan.  14, 
1861,  with  Henry  S.  Lane  as  governor,  and  upon 
Governor  Lane's  election  to  the  U.  S.  senate,  Jan. 
15,  1861,  Mr.  'Morton  became  acting  governor. 
On  April  15,  before  the  publication  of  the  Presi 
dent's  proclamation  calling  for  75,000  men,  Gov 
ernor  Morton  tendered  to  him,  on  behalf  of  the 
state,  10,000  men.  The  state  treasury  was  at  this 
period  very  low,  and  in  order  to  equip  his  soldiers 
he  was  obliged  to  procure  arms  from  the  general 
government  at  Washington.  He  called  a  special 
meeting  of  the  state  legislature,  April  24,  1861, 
which  body  passed  appropriation  bills  to  the 
amount  of  $1,740.000  to  equip,  organize  and  sup 
port  the  state  militia.  In  1862  the  Democrats 
carried  the  state,  the  new  legislature  refused  to 
receive  the  governor's  message,  and  had  it  not 
been  for  the  prompt  withdrawal  of  the  Republican 
members,  thus  leaving  both  houses  without  a 
quorum,  the  military  command  would  have  been 
taken  from  the  governor.  He  carried  on  the 
state  government  alone,  refusing  to  call  the  legis 
lature  together,  and  assumed  obligations  amount 
ing  to  over  $1,000,000,  for  which  act  he  was 
severely  censured  by  the  supreme  court.  The 
draft  laws  provoked  the  Peace  Democrats  in  In 
diana,  and  an  organization  was  formed  for  resist 
ing  the  draft,  protecting  deserters  and  in  other 
wajTs  embarrassing  the  administration,  but  the 
plans  were  discovered  and  Governor  Morton  ar 
rested  the  leaders  known  as  Knights  of  the 
Golden  Circle,  Order  of  American  Knights  and 
Sons  of  Liberty.  He  was  re-elected  governor  in 
1864.  He  suffered  a  slight  attack  of  paralysis, 
Oct.  10,  1865,  and  went  to  France  in  November 
to  consult  with  Dr.  Brown-Sequard,  of  Paris.  On 
his  way  he  visited  Washington,  where  President 
Johnson  confided  to  him  a  secret  mission  to  the 
emperor  of  the  French  to  secure  the  withdrawal 
of  the  French  troops  from  Mexico  without  re 
sorting  to  a  formal  demand.  This  was  under 
cover  of  an  official  mission  to  investigate  sanitary 
and  other  methods  adopted  by  the  French  army 
under  credentials  from  the  President  and  secre 
tary  of  war.  He  delivered  the  secret  message  in 
person,  and  received  the  assurance  of  Napoleon 
HI.  that  his  only  purpose  in  retaining  troops  in 
Mexico  was  to  protect  the  rights  of  French  credit 
ors  and  residents,  and  that  he  should  leave  the 
people  to  the  free  choice  of  their  rulers.  After 
undergoing  the  rnoxa  treatment  in  Paris  he  went 
to  Geneva.  President  Johnson  offered  him  the 
Austrian  mission  if  he  wished  to  remain  in 
Europe,  but  he  returned  home,  April  12.  1866. 


[594) 


MORTON 


MORTON 


On  Jan.  11,  1867,  he  delivered  his  message  to  the 
legislature,  in  which  he  favored  severe  measures 
before  granting  the  readmission  of  seceding  states 
to  the  Union  ;  advocated  negro  suffrage,  the  pro 
tection  of  men  of  all  races,  classes  and  opinions, 
and  the  assurance  of  the  maintenance  of  loyal 
republican  state  governments.  On  Jan.  22, 1867, 
he  was  elected  U.  S.  senator,  defeating  Daniel 
W.  Voorhees,  Democrat,  and  on  Jan.  23  resigned 
the  governorship.  He  took  his  seat  in  the 
senate,  March  4,  18C7,  and  was  made  a  member 
of  the  committee  on  foreign  relations,  where  he 
soon  became  an  acknowledged  leader.  He  spoke 
in  the  senate  on  reconstruction  ;  opposed  an  in 
crease  in  the  currency  ;  introduced  a  resumption 
act  that  was  embodied  in  the  act  of  1875  ;  favored 
the  loth  amendment,  the  tenure- of-ofh'ce  law,  the 
acquisition  of  Santo  Domingo  and  opposed  civil 
service  reform  and  universal  amnesty.  He  was  a 
delegate  to  the  Republican  national  convention 
at  Philadelphia,  June  5,  1872,  and  during  the 
campaign  spoke  in  Illinois  and  Missouri  for 
Grant.  On  Nov.  26,  1872,  he  was  re-elected  U.  S. 
senator.  As  chairman  of  the  committee  on 
privileges  and  elections  he  introduced  a  bill  to 
amend  the  constitution  so  as  to  change  the  system 
of  electing  the  President,  making  it  by  a  direct 
vote  of  the  people.  The  bill  was  reported  to  the 
senate  in  May,  1874,  was  brought  up  by  him 
and  supported  by  a  speech,  Jan.  21 ,  1875,  and  sub 
sequently  passed  the  senate,  but  was  defeated 
in  the  house.  The  Louisiana  elections  gave  to 
the  committee  on  privileges  and  elections  much 
work  and  responsibility.  In  the  panic  of  1873 
Morton  changed  his  views  on  the  currency  ques 
tion  and  favored  an  increase  of  currency,  be 
ing  supported  by  tlie  senate,  but  the  bill  was 
vetoed  by  the  President.  He  was  mentioned  for 
the  chief  justiceship  on  the  death  of  Chief-Justice 
Chase,  May  7,  1873,  but  declined  to  consider  it 
on  account  of  his  health.  On  Jan.  27,  1874,  he 
moved  that  the  committee  on  transportation  in 
troduce  a  bill  to  promote  interstate  commerce, 
and  supported  his  proposition  by  a  carefully  con 
sidered  speech,  but  the  bill  was  not  acted  on. 
He  favored  woman  suffrage  on  May  28,  1874,  in 
discussing  the  admission  of  the  proposed  territory 
of  Pembina.  In  the  Republican  national  conven 
tion  that  met  at  Cincinnati,  June  14, 1876,  he  was 
a  candidate  for  the  presidency,  and  on  the  first 
ballot  received  124  votes,  standing  second  in 
the  list  of  candidates,  and  led  only  by  James  G. 
Blaine  ;  but  after  a  few  ballots  his  support  went 
to  Rutherford  B.  Hayes,  who  was  nominated. 
As  chairman  of  the  committee  to  investigate 
Chinese  immigration  he  went  to  California  and 
began  investigation  at  San  Francisco,  Oct.  19, 
returning  to  Washington.  Nov.  2!),  1876.  The  re 
port  was  delayed  till  Feb.  27,  1877,  and  his  minor 


ity  report  was  left  unfinished  partly  in  MS.,  and 
was  presented  to  the  senate,  Jan.  17,  1878.  He 
opposed  the  electoral  commission  bill  and  made 
the  closing  argument  against  its  adoption.  On 
the  election  of  Mr.  Hayes  Senator  Morton  was 
consulted  as  to  the  composition  of  his  cabinet, 
and  when  the  senate  met.  March  4,  1877,  he  de 
clined  the  chairmanship  of  the  committee  on 
foreign  relations.  He  went,  to  Oregon  in  June, 
1877,  as  a  member  of  a  sub-committee  appointed 
to  investigate  the  election  of  Senator  Grover,  and 
while  absent  was  taken  very  ill  and  returned  to 
Indiana,  first  stopping  at  Richmond,  the  resi 
dence  of  Mrs.  Burbank,  his  wife's  mother,  where 
President  Haj'es  visited  him,  Sept.  13.  On  Oct. 
15,  he  was  taken  to  his  own  home  in  Indianapolis. 
He  was  married  May  15,  1845,  to  Lucinda  M., 
daughter  of  Isaac  and  Elizabeth  Burbank,  of 
Springdale,  Ohio,  and  the}-  had  five  children  : 
John  Miller,  born  April  16,  1846,  accompanied  his 
father  to  France,  and  died  at  St.  Paul  island, 
Bering  Sea,  while  special  agent  of  the  U.  S. 
treasury,  July  M,  1900  ;  Mary  Elizabeth  and  Sarah 
Lilias  died  in  infancy  ;  Walter  Scott,  born  Dec. 
2,  1856,  attended  his  father  in  his  illness  at  Rich 
mond,  Ind.,  and  Oliver  Throck,  born  May  23, 
1860,  accompanied  his  father  to  "Oregon,  and  died 
in  November,  1898.  In  August,  1899,  the  legisla 
ture  of  Indiana  caused  to  be  placed  in  Statuary 
Hall,  National  Capitol,  a  life-size  marble  statue 
of  Governor  Morton,  executed  by  Charles  H. 
Niehaus.  See  "  Life  of  Oliver  P.  Morton,  Includ 
ing  His  Important  Speeches,"  by  William  Dudley 
Foulke  (2  vols.,  1899).  He  died  at  Indianapolis, 
Ind.,  Nov.  11,  1877. 

MORTON,  Samuel  George,  physician,  was 
born  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Jan.  26,  1799  ;  son  of 
George  and  Jane  (Cummings)  Morton  ;  grandson 
of  Thomas  and  Hannah  (St.  Clair)  Morton,  of 
Clonmel,  Ireland,  and  a  descendant  of  Thomas 
Morton,  of  county  Queens.  Ireland.  His  father 
died  when  he  was  a  child,  and  his  mother,  a 
member  of  the  Society  of  Friends,  placed  him  in 
one  of  their  academies,  where  he  was  trained  for 
a  business  life,  but  having  no  taste  for  business, 
entered  upon  the  study  of  medicine  with  Dr.  Jo 
seph  Parrish,  and  was  graduated  from  the  med 
ical  department  of  the  University  of  Pennsyl 
vania  in  1820,  and  at  the  University  of  Edinburgh 
in  1823.  He  visited  Italy  and  France  and  studied 
for  a  while  in  Paris.  He  settled  in  practice  in 
Philadelphia  in  1824,  and  became  an  active  mem 
ber  of  the  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences,  of  which 
he  was  recording  secretary  in  1825,  corresponding 
secretary  in  1831,  and  president  in  December, 
1849.  He  was  married.  Oct.  23,  1827.  to  Rebecca 
Grellet,  daughter  of  Robert  and  Elizabeth  (Col 
lins)  Pearsall.  of  New  York  city.  He  pursued  the 
study  of  geology  and  craniology,  and  in  1830 

[505] 


MORTON 


MORTON 


began  to  collect  skulls,  which  when  acquired  by 
the  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences,  of  Philadel 
phia,  numbered  1,500  specimens,  918  of  which 
were  human.  He  was  professor  of  anatomy  in 
in  Pennsylvania  Medical  college,  1839-43,  and 
one  of  the  physicians  and  clinical  teachers 
of  the  Alms  House  hospital  at  Philadelphia 
for  many  years.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
Medical  Society  of .  Sweden,  Royal  Botanical 
Society  of  Ratisbon,  Academy  of  Science  and 
Letters  at  Palermo,  Royal  Society  of  North 
ern  Antiquaries  at  Copenhagen,  Academy  of 
Science,  Letters  and  Arts  de  Zelanti  di  arci- 
reale.  Imperial  Society  of  Naturalists  of  Moscow, 
the  Medical  Society  of  Edinburgh,  the  Sencken- 
burg  Natural  History  Society  of  Frankfort-on-the 
Main.  He  is  the  author  of  :  Analysis  of  Tabular 
Spar  from  Bucks  County,  Pa.  (1827)  ;  A  Synopsis 
of  the  Organic  Remains  of  the  Cretaceous  Group 
of  the  United  States  (1834)  ;  Illustrations  of  Pul 
monary  Consumption  (1834)  ;  Crania  Americana, 
or  a  Comparative  View  of  the  Skulls  of  Various 
Aboriginal  Nations  of  North  and  South  America, 
folio  (1839);  Crania  Egyptiaca,  or  Observations 
on  Egyptian  Ethnography,  Derived  from  the  His 
tory  of  the  Monuments  and  Catacombs  of  Thebes 
(1844);  An  Illustrated  System  of  Human  An- 
<itomy,  Special,  General,  and  Microscopic  (1849), 
and  contributions  to  Sill  iman^s  Journal.  He  died 
in  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  May  l-r>,  1851. 

MORTON,  Thomas  George,  physician,  was 
born  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Aug.  8,  1835  ;  son  of 
Dr.  Samuel  George  and  Rebecca  Grellet  (Pear- 
sail)  Morton,  and  a  descendant  (maternally)  of 
Henry  Pearsall,  Long  Island,  N.  Y.,  1644,  and 
of  Capt.  John  Underbill,  1G30.  He  attended  the 
University  of  Pennsylvania,  1850-51,  and  was 
graduated  at  the  medical  department  in  1856. 
He  was  the  resident  surgeon  at  St.  Joseph's  hos 
pital  in  Philadelphia  in  1856,  at  Wills'  Eye  hos 
pital  in  1857,  and  at  the  Pennsylvania  hospital, 
1857-58.  He  settled  in  Philadelphia  in  the  prac 
tice  of  surgery  in  1859,  and  served  in  the  field  in 
Virginia  and  at  Washington,  D.  C.,  and  was  act 
ing  assistant  surgeon  of  the  U.  S.  army,  1862-64. 
He  was  also  actively  engaged  in  organizing  mili 
tary  hospitals,  including  the  U.  S.  Army  hospital, 
Philadelphia,  of  which  he  was  surgeon-in-chief, 
in  1863.  He  was  one  of  the  surgeons  at  Satterlee 
hospital,  and  consulting  surgeon  of  the  Mower 
Army  hospital  in  1863.  He  was  surgeon  to  Wills' 
Eye  hospital,  1859-74,  and  surgeon  emeritus  from 
1874 ;  consulting  surgeon  to  the  Pennsylvania 
Institute  for  the  Blind  in  1862,  surgeon  to  the 
Pennsylvania  hospital,  1864,  pathologist  and 
curator  of  the  Pennsylvania  hospital,  1860-64  ; 
founder  and  surgeon  to  the  Orthopaedic  hospital 
in  1867  ;  physician  to  the  Howard  hospital,  1865- 
75,  and  surgeon  to  the  Jewish  and  Woman's  hos- 


pitals  in  1870.  He  was  commissioner  of  public 
charities  in  Pennsylvania  in  1883  ;  consulting 
surgeon  to  the  Pennsylvania  Institute  for  the 
Deaf  and  Dumb  in  1885  ;  chairman  of  the  lunacy 
commission  of  Pennsylvania,  1886-93  ;  commis 
sioner  for  the  erection  of  the  State  Insane  hos 
pital  at  Morristovvn,  Pa.,  in  1876,  and  chairman 
of  the  committee  on  plans  and  buildings  ;  presi 
dent  of  the  American  Society  for  the  Restriction 
of  Vivisection,  1885-86  ;  professor  of  clinical  and 
operative  surgery  in  the  Philadelphia  Polyclinic 
college,  1889,  and  vice-president  of  the  Society  for 
the  Protection  of  Children  from  Cruelty.  He  in 
troduced  the  ward-carriage  into  the  Pennsylvania 
hospital  in  1866,  the  bed  elevator  and  carriage  in 
1874,  and  received  a  medal  from  the  Centennial 
exposition  in  1876  for  his  hospital  ward  dress 
ing-carriage.  He  was  made  a  fellow  of  the  Col 
lege  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  in  1861  ;  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Academy  of  Natural  Science,  Philadel 
phia,  in  1856  ;  honorary  member  of  the  Society  of 
Mental  Medicine  in  Belgium,  1888  ;  a  member  of 
the  American  Philosophical  society,  1900 ;  com 
panion  of  the  Loyal  Legion  ;  member  of  the  So 
ciety  of  Colonial  Wars  ;  the  Colonial  Society  of 
Pennsylvania,  the  Founders  and  Patriots  of  Amer 
ica,  the  Sons  of  the  Revolution,  the  Holland  So 
ciety  ;  the  Military  Order  of  Foreign  Wars  of  the 
United  States  ;  the  American  Surgical  associa 
tion  and  the  American  Medical  association  in 
1864  ;  American  Ophthalmological  society,  and  a 
member  and  officer  in  all  the  prominent  medical 
societies  in  Philadelphia.  He  was  married,  Nov. 
12,  1861,  to  Ann  Jenks,  daughter  of  Dr.  Thomas 
Story  and  Ann  (Jenks)  Kirkbride,  of  Philadel 
phia.  He  contributed  to  the  American  Journal 
of  Medical  Sciences,  and  to  the  Pennsylvania 
Hospital  Reports,  and  is  the  author  of :  Lecture 
on  the  Transfusion  of  Blood  and  its  Practical  Ap 
plication  (1877)  ;  Surgery  of  Pennsylvania  Hos 
pital,  with  Dr.  William  Hunt  (1880);  Trans 
fusion  of  Blood  and  its  Practical  Application 
(1887)  ;  and  History  of  the  Pennsylvania  Hos 
pital,  1751-1895  (1895). 

MORTON,  William  Thomas  Green,  dentist, 
was  born  in  Charlton  township,  Mass.,  Aug.  9, 
1819  ;  son  of  James  Morton  ;  grandson  of  Thomas 
Morton,  a  Revolutionary  soldier,  and  a  descend 
ant  of  Robert  Morton,  who  came  from  Scotland 
to  Mendon,  Mass.,  and  removed  thence  to  New 
Jersey,  where  he  founded  Elizabethtown.  His 
father,  a  farmer,  lost  his  property  in  1835,  and 
WTilliam  was  obliged  to  leave  school  and  support 
himself.  He  studied  dentistry  with  Horace  Wells 
(q.  v.)  in  Hartford,  Conn.,  was  a  partner  of  Dr. 
Wells  in  Hartford,  and  soon  after  removed  to 
Boston.  He  was  married  in  May,  1844,  to  Eliza 
beth,  daughter  of  Edward  Whitman,  of  Farming- 
ton,  Conn.  He  entered  as  a  student  of  medicine 

500] 


MORTON 


HI  OS  BY 


the  office  of  Dr.  diaries  T.  Jackson  (q.  v.)  in 
March,  1844,  and  in  July,  1844,  first  applied 
hydro-chloric  ether  to  the  tooth  of  a  patient  be 
fore  applying  the  instrument  used  in  filling,  and 
he  thus  discovered  that  ether  caused  insensibility 

to  pain.  He  then  ap 
plied  hydro-chloric 
etiief  to  insects,  birds 
and  small  quadru 
peds,  but  with  no 
positive  results.  He 
matriculated  at  Har 
vard  medical  school 
in  1844,  where  he 
made  the  acquaint 
ance  of  Dr.  Joseph  C. 
Warren  (q.  v.),  and 
attended  clinical  lect 
ures  at  the  Massachu 
setts  General  hospi 
tal.  On  September 
30,  1846,  he  shut 

himself  alone  in  a  room,  breathed  hydro-chloric 
ether,  and  was  rendered  for  a  time  insensible, 
.as  described  by  himself  after  recovering.  He 
next  administered  it  to  a  patient  with  a  pain 
ful  tooth,  and  he  extracted  the  tooth  and  brought 
his  patient  to  consciousness  by  dashing  cold  water 
in  his  face.  On  Oct.  14,  1846,  Dr.  Warren  sent 
for  Morton  to  administer  his  preparation  to  a  pa 
tient  then  about  to  undergo  an  operation.  The 
operation  proved  painless  and  successful.  The 
next  trial  was  successfully  made,  Nov.  7,  1846,  in 
amputating  a  leg,  but  the  profession  discouraged 
the  use  of  the  preparation  in  the  hospital  as 
against  the  code  of  medical  ethics,  the  prepara 
tion  being  a  secret  of  Morton's.  He  soon  after 
made  a  free  gift  of  the  use  of  his  discovery  to  the 
hospital,  and  in  1848  the  trustees  presented  him 
with  a  silver  box  containing  $1,000,  the  inscrip 
tion  on  the  box  concluding,  "  He  has  become 
poor  in  a  cause  which  made  the  world  his  debtor." 
He  was  granted  a  patent  for  his  discoArery  in  No 
vember.  1846,  arid  in  Europe  in  December, 
1846,  and  when  he  offered  the  free  use  of 
his  patent  to  the  army  and  navy  both  depart 
ments  declined  to  have  anything  to  do  with  it. 
The  popular  opposition  to  its  use  ruined  his  prac 
tice  in  Boston,  and  when  he  applied  to  congress 
for  relief  in  1846,  and  again  in  1849,  his  claims  were 
opposed  by  both  Dr.  Jackson  and  Horace  Wells. 
In  1852  his  friends  obtained  the  introduction  of 
a  bill  in  congress  appropriating  $100,000  as  a  na 
tional  testimonial  for  his  discovery  on  condition 
that  he  should  surrender  his  patent  to  the  U.S. 
government,  but  it  failed  to  pass,  as  it  did  in 
1853  and  1854.  The  medical  profession  of  Boston, 
New  York  and  Philadelphia  gave  the  bill  tardy 
support  in  1856,  1858  and  1860  respectively.  The 


[597J 


bill  before  congress  was  so  amended  as  to  em 
brace  the  names  of  Jackson,  Wells  and  Long  as 
equally  entitled  with  Morton  to  credit  for  the 
discovery  of  the  application  of  ether  as  an  anaes 
thesia,  and  as  amended  was  never  acted  upon. 
Dr.  Morton  received  a  prize  of  2,500  francs  from 
the  French  Academy  of  Sciences  for  the  applica 
tion  of  the  discovery  to  surgical  operations.  He 
was  also  decorated  by  the  governments  of  Russia 
arid  Sweden,  and  the  commonwealth  of  Massa 
chusetts  caused  his  name  to  be  placed  second  in 
the  list  of  fifty-three  immortals  that  adorn  the 
dome  of  the  State  house  in  Boston.  Dr.  Nathan 
P.  Weyman,  of  New  York,  left  a  history  of  the 
part  taken  by  Dr.  Morton  in  the  ether  controversy 
in  "Trial  of  a  Public  Benefactor"  (1859).  Dr. 
Morton  engaged  in  farming  at  Wellesley,  Mass., 
and  died  suddenly  while  in  Central  Park,  New 
York  city,  July  15,  1868. 

MOSBY,  John  Singleton,  soldier,  was  born  in 
Powhatan  county,  Va.,  Dec.  6,  1833;  son  of  Al 
fred  D.  and  Virginia  I.  (McLaurine)  Mosby,  and 
grandson  of  Catharine  (Steger)  Mosby  and  of 
Jane  (Ware)  McLaurine.  His  paternal  ancestors 
were  Welsh  and  his 
maternal,  Scotch.  He 
was  prepared  for  col 
lege  in  Charlottes- 
ville  and  was  gradu 
ated  at  the  University 
of  Virginia  with  hon 
ors  in  Greek,  June  29, 
1852.  He  then  studied 
law  and  practised  in 
Bristol,  Washington 
county.  He  was  mar 
ried,  Dec.  30,  1856,  to 
Pauline  Clarke  of 
Kentucky,  arid  they 
had  six  children, 
May,  Beverley,  John 

Singleton,  Victoria  Stuart,  Pauline  and  Ada. 
In  1861  he  enlisted  in  a  company  recruited  by 
William  E.  Jones  (q.  v.)  which  formed  part 
of  the  1st  Virginia  cavalry,  of  which  he  became 
adjutant.  Later  he  was  employed  as  a  scout 
at  Gen.  J.  E.  B.  Stuart's  headquarters,  and  guided 
Stuart's  command  in  its  movement  in  the  rear  of 
McClellan's  army  on  the  Chickahominy,  June 
14,  1862.  In  January,  1863,  he  recruited  a  force 
of  cavalry  in  Northern  Virginia  with  which, 
aided  by  friendly  citizens  of  Fauquier  and  Lou- 
doun  counties,  he  harassed  the  Federal  lines,  cut 
communications  and  destroyed  supply  trains. 
When  not  in  active  duty  his  men  scattered  for 
safety,  with  the  understanding  that  they  were  to 
assemble  at  a  given  time  and  place  to  carry  out  a 
proposed  raid.  This  system  of  warfare  exasper 
ated  the  Federal  commanders  who  tried  to  capture 


MOSBY 


MOSELEY 


the  partisan  leader  and  this  failing,  the  searching 
party  destroyed  the  crops  and  farmhouses  be 
longing  to  citizens  known  to  have  harbored  or 
abetted  Mosby  or  his  men.  His  frequent  capture 
of  outposts  compelled  the  Federals  to  strengthen 
their  pickets  and  contract  their  lines,  to  evade 
capture  or  surprises.  At  (Jhantilly ,  March  1 6,  1 863, 
he  routed  a  superior  Federal  cavalry  force,  and  at 
Dranesville,  April  1,  1863,  defeated  a  detach 
ment  of  cavalry  sent  especially  to  capture  him. 
During  the  battle  of  Chancellorsville  he  surprised 
a  body  of  Federal  cavalry  at  Warrenton  Junction, 
but  was  obliged  to  retreat  before  overpowering 
numbers,  which  he  did  without  loss  to  his  com 
mand.  He  then  procured  a  howitzer  and  passed 
in  the  rear  of  General  Hooker's  army  :  wrecked  a 
railroad  train  laden  with  supplies  ;  inflicted  severe 
damage  on  the  troop  guarding  the  train,  and  fi 
nally  cut  his  way  through  their  lines  and  escaped. 
He  captured  a  transport  near  Aquia  Creek  in  May, 
1864,  while  Grant  was  engaged  in  the  Wilderness 
and  the  Federal  commander  was  obliged  to  detach 
a  cavalry  force  to  protect  his  communications. 
With  twenty-nine  men  he  marched  into  Fairfax 
Court  House  on  the  night  of  March  7,  1863,  cap 
tured  Gen.  E.  H.  Stoughton  at  his  headquarters 
with  a  number  of  his  staff  and  men  and  delivered 
them  the  next  day  as  prisoners  to  Gen.  J.  E.  B. 
Stuart.  His  command  was  known  as  the  43d 
battalion,  Virginia  cavalry,  and  he  was  commis 
sioned  successively  captain,  major,  lieutenant- 
colonel  and  colonel,  C.  S.  A.  After  the  close  of 
the  war  he  engaged  in  the  practice  of  law  at 
Warrenton,  Va.  In  1876  he  made  public  through 
a  letter  to  the  New  York  Herald  his  intention  to 
support  the  candidacy  of  Rutherford  B.  Hayes  for 
the  presidency  and  in  this  letter  first  applied  the 
phrase  "  the  solid  south."  President  Hayes  ap 
pointed  him  U.  S.  consul  to  Hong  Kong,  China,  in 
1878,  and  he  retained  the  office  until  1885.  Re 
turning  to  the  United  States  he  began  the  prac 
tice  of  law  in  San  Francisco,  Cal.,  and  became  the 
counsel  for  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad  coin- 
pan}'.  On  Sept.  23,  1899,  a  granite  monument,  25 
feet  high,  was  unveiled  at  Front  Royal,  Va. .  by 
"  Mosby 's  men,"  in  memory  of  the  seven  com 
rades  executed  near  the  spot,  Sept.  23,  1864,  whale 
prisoners  of  war  in  the  hands  of  the  Federal  army. 
In  July,  1901,  he  was  appointed  a  special  agent 
of  the  general  land  office,  with  headquarters 
at  Sterling,  Colo.  He  is  the  author  of  :  "  ^4  Bit  of 
Partisan  Service  and  Tlie  Confederate  Cavalry  in 
the  Gettysburg  Campaign  in  ''  Battles  and  Leaders 
of  the  Civil  War  "  (Vol.  Ill,  pages  148  and  251 )  and 
of  Mosby' s  War  Reminiscences  and  Stuart's  Cav 
alry  Campaign  (1887).  See  "  Partisan  Life  with 
Mosby"  by  John  Scott  (1867);  "Mosby  and  his 
Men"  by  J.  M.  Crawford  (1867),  and  "Mosby's 
Rangers,"  by  J.  J.  Williamson  (1895). 


MOSELEY,  Edward  Augustus,  lawyer,  was 
born  in  Newburyport,  Mass.,  March  23,  1S4(>;  son 
of  Edward  Strong  and  Charlotte  Augusta  (Chap 
man)  Moseley  ;  grandson  of  Ebenezer  and  Mary 
Ann  (Oxnard)  Moseley,  and  of  the  Rev.  George 
T.  Chapman,  D.U.  and  Alice  (Buck)  Chapman, 
and  a  descendant  of  Moseley  or  Maudesley,  who 
sailed  from  Plymouth,  England,  in  the  ship  Mary 
and  Joint  in  March.  1630.  and  settled  in  Dor 
chester,  Mass.  He  was  a  member  of  the  com 
mon  council  and  an  alderman  of  his  native  city, 
which  he  also  represented  for  two  terms  in  the 
Massachusetts  legislature;  was  president  of  the 
Mechanics'  Exchange  of  Boston,  1885-86.  ami  was 
appointed  secretary  of  the  Interstate  Commerce 
commission  at  Washington,  D.C.,  in  1S87.  which 
office  he  still  held  in  1902.  He  was  admitted  to 
practice  in  the  courts  of  Massachusetts,  of  the 
District  of  Columbia,  1889,  and  in  the  V.  S. 
supreme  court,  1893.  He  was  made  -a  member 
of  the  Society  of  the  Cincinnati,  the  Society  of 
the  Sons  of  the  American  Revolution,  the  Sons 
of  the  Revolution  ;  chancellor  of  the  Society  of  Col 
onial  Wars,  and  in  1897  succeeded  Admiral  Rich 
ard  W.  Meade,  as  president  of  the  American-Irish 
Historical  society.  He  received  the  thanks  of  the 
Commonwealth  of  Massachusetts  for  "disinter 
ested  and  valuable  services  in  the  cause  of  hu 
manity,''  and  labored  zealously  for  years  to  secure 
legislation  in  the  interest  of  labor,  particularly 
for  the  adoption  of  uniform  safety  appliances 
upon  railway  cars,  becoming  an  authority  on  the 
subject  in  the  United  States.  He  also  rendered 
valuable  services  in  forwarding  legislation  to  pro 
mote  arbitration  and  conciliati'on  in  labor  dis 
putes  and  the  prevention  of  '•  blacklisting."  He 
favored  the  law  requiring  railroads  of  the  United 
States  to  full}'  report  accidents  occurring  on  their 
lines,  and  in  1902  assisted  in  the  preparation  of 
the  railroad  law  for  Cuba.  He  was  married,  April 
13,  1869,  to  Katherine  Montague,  daughter  of  Col. 
Joseph  Newmarch  and  Sarah  Jane  (Bridges) 
Prescott  of  Newburyport,  Mass.  He  is  the  author 
of  :  Arbitration  as  Applied  to  Raihrays  andtheir 
Employes (1893) :  Safety  Appliances  on  Railroads, 
(1894)  ;  One  Hundred  Years  of  Interstate  Com 
merce  (1885),  and  numerous  addresses  and 
papers. 

MOSELEY,  Jonathan  Ogden,  representative, 
was  born  at  East  Haddam,  Conn... in  176'3  ;  son  of 
Dr.  Thomas  Moseley,  a  justice  of  the  peace,  and 
member  of  the  Connecticut  Medical  associa 
tion.  He  was  graduated  at  Yale,  A.B.,  1780, 
A.M.,  1783,  was  admitted  to  the  bar  and  settled 
in  practice  in  East  Haddam.  He  was  state's 
attorney  for  Middlesex  county,  1797-1805.  and 
was  a  Federalist  representative  in  the  9th  and  16th 
congresses,  1805-21.  He  was  also  colonel  in  the 
state  militia  and  justice  of  the  peace  of  East 

;598] 


MOSELEY 


MOSES 


Haddam  for  several  years.  He  removed  to  the 
Northwest  territory  and  settled  in  Saginaw,  Mich., 
where  lie  died.  Sept.  9.  1839. 

MOSELEY,  William  Abbott,  representative, 
was  born  in  Whitesboro.  Oneida  county,  N.Y.,  in 
1799  :  son  of  Dr.  Elizur  Moseley.  wlio  was  born  in 
Massachusetts,  graduated  from  Yale,  1786.  and 
was  a  pioneer  settler  and  practitioner  in  Whites- 
boro.  He  was  graduated  at  Yale,  A.B.,  1816, 
A.M.,  1819;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1820  :  began 
practice  in  Buffalo,  N.Y.,  in  1822.  and  served  in 
the  state  assembly.  1834  and  1885.  He  was  a 
.state  senator,  1837-41.  As  senator  hebecame  a 
member  of  the  court  of  appeals  under  the  state 
constitution,  but  was  a  Whig  representative 
from  Buffalo,  N.Y.,  in  the  28th  and  29th  Con 
gresses,  1843-47.  He  was  not  actively  interested 
in  law  or  politics  after  1847.  He  was  twice  mar 
ried.  He  died  in  New  York  city,  Nov.  19,  1873. 
MOSELEY,  William  Dunn,  governor  of 
Florida,  was  born  in  Lenoir  county,  N.C.,  Feb. 
1.  1795  :  son  of  Sampson  Moseley,  a  Revolutionary 
leader  in  North  Carolina,  and  grandson  of  Col. 
Edward  Moseley.  a  lawyer  and  statesman.  He 
was  graduated  at  the  Univer 
sity  of  North  Carolina.  A.B., 
1818.  A.M.,  1821,  and  was  a 
tutor  there,  1817.  He  wasad- 
mitted  to  the  bar  in  1820. 
served  in  the  state  senate, 
1829-38,  was  speaker,  1832- 
30.  and  the  Democratic  candidate  for  governor  of 
North  Carolina  in  1834.  In  1839  he  settled  on 
a  plantation  at  Monticello.  Fla,  He  was  a  re 
presentative  in  the  Territorial  legislature  of 
Florida  in  1840  ;  a  member  of  the  Florida 
senate  in  1844.  and  was  first  governor  of  Florida 
after  its  admission  as  a  state.  1845-49.  He  retired 
to  private  life,  in  1849,  and  removed  in  1855,  to 
Palatka,  Fla..  where  he  died  Jan.  4.  1863. 

MOSES,  Bernard,  educator,  was  born  in  Burl 
ington,  Conn.,  Aug.  28,  1846  :  son  of  Richard  and 
Rachel  (Norton)  Moses,  and  a  descendant  of  John 
Moses,  who  came  from  Wales  to  Massachusetts 
about  1640.  He  was  prepared  for  college  at 
Wilbraham  academy.  Mass.,  and  was  graduated 
at  the  University  of  Michigan,  Ph.B..  1870.  He 
studied  in  the  universities  of  Leipzig,  Berlin  and 
Heidelberg.  1870-73.  receiving  the  degree  Ph.  D. 
from  Heidelberg  in  1873.  Between  1870  and 
1873  he  also  made  extensive  studies  at  Upsala 
and  Stockholm  in  the  history  and  literature  of 
Scandinavia  and  returned  to  the  United  States  in 
1873.  He  was  professor  of  history  and  English 
literature  at  Albion  college,  Mich.,  Sept.  to  Dec.. 
1875,  and  of  history  and  political  economy  in  the 
University  of  California  from  1876.  He  was 
married,  June  15,  1880,  to  Mary  Edith,  daughter  of 
O.  W.  Briggsof  San  Franciso,  Cal.  In  March,  1900, 


he  was  appointed  a  member  of  the  U.  S.  Philip 
pine  commission,  and  took  up  his  residence  in 
Manila.  P.I.,  June  3.  1900.  He  is  the  author  of: 
Politics:  an,  Introduction  to  the  Study  of  Com 
parative  Constitutional  Law  with  W.  W.  Crane 
(1884);  The  Establishment  of  Municipal  Govern 
ment  in  San  Francisco  1889)  ;  Tlie  Federal 
Government  of  Switzerland  (1889)  ;  Democracy 
and  Social  Groivth  in  America  (1898)  ;  and 
Estal>lisJiment  of  Spanish  Ride  in  America 
(1898).  and  contributions  to  leading  magazines. 

MOSES,  Charles  Leavel'l,  representative,  was 
born  in  Coweta  county,  Ga.,  May  2,  1856 ;  son  of 
Ansley  and  Mary  (Leavell)  Moses.  He  was 
graduated  at  Mercer  university  in  1876,  and  en 
gaged  in  farming  and  teaching.  He  was  principal 
of  the  academy  for  boys  at  Newnan,  Ga.,  and 
after  1886  engaged  in  farming  and  cotton  grow 
ing.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Farmers'  alliance, 
and  was  a  Democratic  representative  from  the 
fourth  Georgia  district  in  the  52d,  53d  and  54th 
congresses,  1891-97.  He  was  made  a  life  member 
of  the  Georgia  State  Agricultural  society.  He 
was  married  in  1881,  to  Blanche,  daughter  of  the 
Rev.  Dr.  Hall  of  Newnan,  Ga. 

MOSES,  Thomas  Freeman,  educator  and  phy 
sician,  was  born  in  Bath,  Maine,  June  8, 1836  ;  son 
of  William  and  Sarah  (Freeman)  Moses,  and 
grandson  of  Nathaniel  Moses  of  Scarborough, 
Maine.  He  was  graduated  at  Bowdoin  college  in 
1857  ;  studied  medicine  in  Bath,  Maine,  and  in  New 
York  city,  and  was  graduated  at  the  Jefferson 
Medical  college,  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  in  1861.  He 
attended  clinical  schools  and  hospitals  in  London 
and  Paris,  1861.  and  in  1862  entered  the  hospital 
department  at  Washington,  D.C.,  as  acting  as 
sistant  surgeon.  He  had  charge  of  several  gov 
ernment  transports  and  hospitals,  and  during  the 
summer  of  1864  was  engaged  in  transporting 
wounded  men  from  the  battle  fields  of  eastern 
Virginia.  He  also  served  as  executive  officer  of 
the  hospital  steamer  Connecticut  and  during  a 
period  of  six  weeks  removed  14,000  men  to  the 
hospitals  at  Washington  and  Alexandria.  He  re 
tired  from  the  service  in  1864,  owing  to  ill  health, 
and  in  1866  settled  in  practice  in  Hamilton 
county.  Ohio.  He  was  married  in  1867  to  Han 
nah  Appleton,  daughter  of  John  and  Charlotte 
(Appleton)  Cranch,  and  granddaughter  of  Judge 
William  Cranch  of  Washington,  D.C.  He  was 
made  professor  of  natural  sciences  inUrbana  univ 
ersity,  Ohio,  and  director  of  the  schools  for  girls 
in  1870  :  acting  president  of  the  university,  1886  : 
was  president,  1888-94  ;  a  trustee,  1886-99,  and 
served  as  treasurer  of  the  board  and  chairman  of 
the  executive  committee.  With  the  Rev.  Theo 
dore  N.  Glover  he  founded  the  Central  Ohio  Scien 
tific  association  in  1874  and  edited  its  Proceedings 
in  1878.  He  is  the  author  of  :  Spiritual  Nature  of 


[599] 


MOSHER 


MOSLER 


Force,  and  a  translation  of  Einile  Saigey's  Unity 
of  Natural  Phenomena  (1873). 

MOSHER,  Eliza  Maria,  educator,  was  born  in 
Cayuga  county,  N.Y.,  Oct.  2,  1840;  daughter  of 
Augustus  and  Maria  (Sutton)  Mosher  ;  grand 
daughter  of  Allen  and  Hannah  (Eddy)  Mosher 
and  of  Abram  and  Hester  (Carpenter)  Sutton,  and 
a  direct  descendant  of  both  Francis  Cooke  and 
Richard  Warren  who  came  over  on  the  Mayflower, 
and  of  Hugh  Mosher  who  came  a  few  years  later. 
She  was  graduated  from  Friends  academy, 
Union  Springs,  N.  Y.,  in  1862,  and  from  the  de 
partment  of  medicine  and  surgery,  University  of 
Michigan,  in  1875.  She  studied  in  London  and 
Paris,  1879-80.  and  practised  as  resident  physi 
cian  at  the  Massachusetts  Reformatory  Prison  for 
Women,  1877-79.  She  was  superintendent  of  the 
reformatory,  1881-83  ;  associate  professor  of  phy 
siology  and  resident  physician  of  Vassar  college, 
1884-86,  and  removed  to  Brooklyn,  N.Y.,  where 
she  engaged  in  practice,  1886-96.  She  was  ap 
pointed  lecturer  on  physiology  at  the  Chautauqua 
Summer  School  of  Physical  Education,  1888,  and 
in  1896  was  elected  professor  of  hygiene  in  the  de 
partment  of  literature,  science  and  the  arts,  and 
"  dean  of  women  "  in  the  University  of  Michigan, 
Ann  Arbor. 

MOSHER,  George  Frank,  educator,  was  born 
in  South  China,  Maine,  Feb.  12,  1844 ;  son  of 
William  and  Elizabeth  (McLaughlin)  Mosher,  and 
grandson  of  William  and  Freelove  (Morse)  Mosher 
and  of  Abraham  and  Deborah  (Ward)  McLaugh 
lin.  He  attended  the  New  Hampton  literary  and 
classical  institution,  New  Hampton,  N.H.,  and 
was  graduated  from  Bowdoin  college,  A.B., 
1869,  A.M.,  1872.  He  was  editor  of  the  Morning 
Star  at  Dover,  N.H.,  1869-81  ;  was  married,  Sept. 
25,  1871,  to  Marinda  Frances  Stewart.  He  was  a 
representative  in  the  state  legislature,  1877-78  ; 
U.S.  consul  at  Nice,  France,  and  at  Sonneberg, 
Germany,  1881-85,  and  was  elected  president  of 
Hillsdale  college,  Mich.,  in  1886.  He  received  the 
honorary  degree  of  LL.D.  from  Findlay  college, 
Ohio,  in  1888. 

MOSHER,  Jacob  Simmons,  physician,  was 
born  in  Coeymans,  Albany  county,  N.Y.,  March 
19,  1834  ;  son  of  Christopher  and  Elizabeth  (Bou 
cher)  Mosher.  His  father  was  of  English  descent, 
and  his  mother,  German.  In  1853  his  parents  re 
moved  to  New  Brunswick,  N.  J.,  where  he  was  a 
student  at  Rutgers  college,  1853-56.  He  was  prin 
cipal  of  a  public  school  in  Albany,  N.Y.,  1856-60  ; 
graduated  at  the  Albany  Medical  college  in  Dec 
ember,  1863,  and  married  Dec.  30,  1863,  to  Emma 
S..  daughter  of  Jesse  Montgomery  of  Albany,  N.Y. 
In  1864  he  entered  the  U.S.  service  as  a  volun 
teer  surgeon,  serving  in  the  Army  of  the  Poto 
mac  and  subsequently  as  assistant  state  medical 
director  of  New  York,  and  was  on  duty,  Washing 


ton,  D.C.,  until  the  end  of  the  war.  He  was  sur 
geon-general  of  the  state  of  New  York,  1869-73; 
professor  of  chemistry  in  the  Albany  academy, 
1863-70  ;  professor  of  chemistry  and  medical  juris 
prudence  in  the  Albany  Medical  college,  1864-70, 
and  registrar  and  librarian  of  the  Albany  Medical 
college,  1865-70.  He  was  deputy  health  officer  of 
the  port  of  New  York,  1870-76 ;  spent  a  short 
time  in  British  and  European  hospitals,  1876  :  was 
professor  of  medical  jurisprudence  and  hygiene  in. 
the  Albany  Medical  college,  1876-81;  of  pathology, 
practice,  clinical  medicine  and  hygiene.  1881-83, 
and  registrar  of  the  college,  1876-80.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  executive  committee  of  the  State 
Normal  school,  1866-83  ;  a  member  of  the  Albany 
board  of  public;  instruction,  1865-68  ;  a  delegate 
to  the  annual  convention  of  the  American  Medical 
association  in  1872,  and  a  member  of  the  commis 
sion  of  experts  appointed  by  President  Hayes  in 
1878,  to  study  the  origin  and  cause  of  the  yellow 
fever  epidemic  of  that  year,  the  report  of  the  board 
resulting  in  the  organization  of  the  national  board 
of  health.  He  was  chairman  of  the  Albany  board 
of  health  ;  a  founder,  trustee,  professor  and 
president  of  the  faculty  of  the  Albany  College  of 
Pharmacy  established  in  1881  ;  president  of  the 
Albany  County  Medical  society  in  1882  ;  secretary 
of  the  Albany  institute  ;  a  member  of  the  New 
York  State  Medical  society,  of  the  New  York 
Neurological  society  and  a  fellow  of  the  New 
York  Academy  of  Medicine.  He  received  the  de 
gree  Ph.D.  from  Rutgers  college  in  1878.  He 
died  in  Albany,  N.Y.,  Aug.  13,  1883. 

MOSLER,  Henry,  artist,  was  born  in  New 
York  city,  June  6,  1841  ;  son  of  Gustav  and  Sophie 
(Wiener)  Hosier.  His  parents  removed  in  1851  to 
Cincinnati,  Ohio,  where  Gustav  Mosler  engaged 
in  the  lithographic  business,  and  the  boy  began 
sketching  on  stone. 


He  was  soon  after 
apprenticed  to  a 
wood  engraver,  A.  M. 
Grosvenor.  In  1856 
the  family  removed 
to  Richmond,  Ind., 
where  he  worked  as 
a  wood  engraver  and 
painted  from  nature 
without  a  teacher. 
On  his  return  to  Cin 
cinnati  shortly  after 
ward  he  entered  the 
studio  of  James  H. 
Beard,  who  encour 
aged  him  to  devote 

his  time  to  art,  and  his  first  sketch,  "  The  Re 
ception  of  Major  Anderson  in  Cincinnati." 
after  the  bombardment  of  Sumter  in  1861,  ap 
peared  in  Harper's  Weekly,  securing  him  a 

[600| 


MOSLER 


MOTLEY 


position  as  staff  artist  for  that  journal,  and  he 
accompanied  Grant's  army  in  its  operations,  1861- 
63.  He  was  made  additional  aide  on  the  staff  of 
Gen.  Richard  W.  Johnson, and  besides  his  battle 
sketches  painted  portraits  of  Generals  Nelson, 
Johnson,  Rousseau  and  others.  His  service  in 
the  army  secured  for  him  a  ruembership-at- 
large  in  the  military  order  of  the  Loyal  Legion. 
He  was  induced  by  Buchanan  Read  to  visit 
Europe  in  1863,  and  studied  at  Dilsseldorf  under 
Milcke  in  drawing  and  under  Kindler  in  paint 
ing.  He  also  studied  under  Hebert  in  Paris. 
He  returned  to  Cincinnati  in  1866.  He  painted 
portraits  and  a  canvas  "  The  Lost  Cause,"  which 
had  a  large  sale  when  reproduced  by  chromo-litho- 
graphy.  He  was  married  in  1869  to  Sarah  Calm 
of  Cincinnati  and  spent  the  year  1870  in  New 
York  city  painting  portraits.  He  was  again  in 
Cincinnati,  1871-74  ;  and  was  in  Munich,  1874-77, 
where  lie  studied  under  Wagner  and  had  his  work 
criticised  by  Piloty,  receiving  a  gold  medal  from 
the  Royal  Academy,  Munich,  in  1874.  In  1877 
he  removed  to  Paris  and  the  next  year  his 
Quadroon  Girl  and  Early  Cares  were  accepted 
by  the  Salon.  His  Tlie  Prodigal's  Return  was 
given  a  place  in  the  Hall  of  Honor  of  the  Salon 
in  1879  and  was  purchased  for  the  gallery  of  the 
Museum  de  Luxembourg,  an  honor  never  before 
accorded  to  an  American  artist.  He  exhibited 
at  the  Salon  in  1880  The  Purchase  of  the  Wedding 
Gown  and  The  Spinning  Girl.  He  received 
a  gold  medal  at  the  International  exhibition, 
Nice,  in  1884.  In  1886  he  returned  to  America 
and  made  studies  among  the  Apache  Indians  for 
his  large  canvas  Abandoned,  which  he  painted 
in  Paris  and  exhibited  at  the  Salon,  1887.  He 
exhibited  at  the  Salon  of  1888  The  White 
Captive  and  Harvest  Dance,  for  the  latter  re 
ceiving  the  gold  medal.  He  exhibited  at  Paris, 
1889,  where  he  was  awarded  a  silver  medal,  and 
at  Vienna,  1893,  The  Last  Moments,  receiving 
from  Vienna  the  only  gold  medal  awarded  to 
an  American.  He  was  in  America,  1880-90,  and 
painted  his  third  large  canvas  The  Husking 
Bee.  In  1891  he  exhibited  at  the  Salon  Good 
Council ;  in  1892  The  Milking  Hour  and  the  Wed 
ding  Feast ;  in  1893  The  Chimney  Corner  ;  in  1894 
The  Brittany  Legend  and  ^-1  Normandy  Garden ; 
in  1895  The  Village  Tinker,  and  in  1895  Mend 
ing  the  Net.  He  won  the  prize  of  $2500  for 
The  Village  Clock  Maker  at  the  Prize  Fund  ex 
hibition,  New  York,  1885,  and  in  1892  was  dec 
orated  Chevalier  de  la  Legion  d'Honneur  and 
Officier  d' Academic.  He  was  elected  an  as 
sociate  of  the  National  Academy  of  Design,  New 
York,  and  received  the  grand  gold  medal  and 
diploma  of  honor  at  Atlanta,  Ga.,  1895;  was 
awarded  the  Thomas  B.  Clark  prize  at  the 
National  Academy  of  Design,  1896,  and  a  gold 


[6011 


medal  at  the  Philadelphia  Art  Club  exhibition,. 
1897.  He  returned  to  New  York  with  his  family, 
consisting  of  his  wife  and  five  children,  in  1894, 
and  subsequently  made  frequent  visits  to  Paris. 

MOSS,  Lemuel,  educator,  was  born  in  Boone 
county,  Ky.,  Dec.  27,  1829;  son  of  Demas  and 
Esther  (Lewis)  Moss,  grandson  of  Lemuel  Moss, 
and  a  descendant  of  John  Moss,  of  England,  an 
original  founder  of  New  Haven,  Conn.,  1639. 
His  parents  went  from  New  England  to  Dear 
born  county,  Ind.,  in  1816;  afterward  removing 
to  Kentucky,  and  returning  to  Indiana  in  1833. 
He  began  the  printer's  trade  in  1844,  in  the 
Lawrenceburg  Register  office,  and  worked  as  a 
printer  for  nine  years,  for  the  most  part  in 
Cincinnati  and  Louisville.  He  was  married  Dec. 
24, 1851 , to  Harriet,  daughter  of  William  and  Mary 
Bingham  of  Cincinnati.  In  1853  he  decided  to 
enter  the  Baptist  ministry.  He  was  graduated 
at  the  University  of  Rochester,  A.B.,  1858,  and  at 
the  Rochester  Theological  seminary,  B.D.,  1860; 
was  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist  church,  Worcester, 
Mass.,  1860-64  ;  home  secretary  of  the  U.S.  Chris 
tian  commission,  1864-65  ;  professor  of  systematic 
theology  in  Bucknell  university,  Lewisburg,  Pa., 
1865-68  ;  edited  the  National  Baptist,  Philadel 
phia,  Pa.,  1868-72  ;  was  professor  of  New  Testa 
ment  interpretation  in  Crozer  Theological  semi 
nary,  Upland,  Pa.,  1872-74  ;  president  of  Chicago 
university,  1874-75,  and  president  of  the  Indiana 
university,  1875-84.  He  edited  the  Ensign,  Min 
neapolis,  Minn.,  1889-93;  was  pastor  of  the  Baptist 
church  at  Woodbury,  N.J.,  1894-96,  and  was 
editor  of  The  Commonwealth  in  1897.  He  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  National  Council  of 
Education  in  1878,  and  president  of  the  depart 
ment  of  higher  education,  National  Educational 
association,  1882.  He  was  vice-president  of 
the  American  Baptist  Missionary  union,  1883 ; 
president  of  the  American  Baptist  Historical 
society,  1896-1900,  and  in  1900  was  made  vice- 
president.  He  became  lecturer  on  Christian 
sociology  at  Bucknell  university  in  1897.  He 
received  from  the  University  of  Rochester  the 
degree  of  D.D.  in  1868,  and  LL.D.  in  1883.  He 
edited  Tlie  Baptists  and  the  National  Centen 
ary  (1876):  and  is  the  author  of  :  Annals  of  the 
U.S.  Christian  Commission  (1866) ;  What  Baptists 
Stand  For  (1893);  A  Day  u-ith  Paul  (1894),  and 
A  Question  of  Attitude  (1894). 

MOTLEY,  John  Lothrop,  historian,  was  born 
in  Dorchester,  Mass.,  April  15,  1814 ;  son  of  John 
and  Anna  (Lothrop)  Motley,  and  grandson  of  the 
Rev.  John  Lothrop,  a  prominent  clergyman  of 
Boston.  He  attended  private  schools  at  Jamaica 
Plain  and  Round  Hill,  Mass.  ;  was  graduated 
from  Harvard  college  in  1831,  and  studied  at  the 
universities  of  Groningen  and  Berlin,  1831-32,  re 
ceiving  the  degree  Ph.D.  from  Groningen  and 


MOTLEY 


MOTT 


traveling  in  the  soutli  of  Europe.  He  studied  in 
Boston  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  183(5.  He 
was  married  in  1887  to  Mary,  daughter  of  Park 
Benjamin,  journalist,  and  devoted  himself  to 
literary  work.  In  1841  he  was  appointed  secre 
tary  of  the  American 
legation,  St.  Peters 
burg,  but  returned 
home  after  a  few 
months'  residence 
there.  He  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  the  Mas 
sachusetts  general 
court  and  in  1851  went 
to  Europe  with  his 
family,  visiting  Ber 
lin,  Dresden,  the 
Hague  and  Brussels, 
where  he  gathered  ma- 
terial  for  • '  The  Rise  of 
the  Dutch  Republic  ", 
which  he  began  in 
1846  and  which  was  published  in  England  and 
American!  1856,  reprinted  in  English  iri  Amster 
dam  and  translated  into  Dutch,  German,  French 
and  Russian.  This  work  established  Mr.  Motley's 
reputation  as  a  historian.  He  returned  to  the 
United  States  in  1856  and  settled  in  New  York 
•city,  but  in  1858  went  back  to  Europe,  where 
he  was  received  into  the  highest  social  circles. 
On  Nov.  14,  1861,  he  was  appointed  by  President 
Lincoln  U.S.  minister  to  Austria,  and  held  office 
until  1867,  when  he  resigned  and  was  succeeded 
by  John  Jay.  He  returned  to  Boston  in  1868,  and 
continued  his  literary  work.  He  delivered  an 
address  before  the  New  York  Historical  society 
in  1868  on  "  Historic  Progress  and  American 
Democracy."  He  was  appointed  by  President 
Grant  U.S.  minister  to  England  in  1869,  but  was 
recalled  in  1870.  He  then  revisited  Holland  and 
afterwards  went  to  England  and  resumed  his 
writing.  In  1873  he  suffered  from  an  attack  of 
paralysis  which  partially  disabled  him.  He 
visited  Boston  in  1875,  and  on  his  return  to 
England  took  up  his  residence  with  his  daugh 
ter,  Lady  Harcourt,  at  Dorsetshire,  where  he 
continued  to  work  on  his  "  History  of  the  Thirty 
Years'  War."  The  honorary  degree  of  Litt.D. 
was  conferred  on  him  by  the  Regents  of  the 
University  of  the  State  of  New  York  in  1864,  that 
of  LL.D.  by  the  College  of  the  City  of  New  York 
in  1858,  by  Harvard  in  1860,  by  Cambridge  in  1861 
and  by  Leyden  in  1872,  and  that  of  D.C.L.  by 
Oxford  in  1860.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
Massachusetts  Historical  society  ;  a  fellow  of  the 
American  Academy  of  Arts  and  Sciences  ;  mem 
ber  of  the  American  Philosophical  society,  and 
-of  the  leading  learned  societies  of  Europe.  He 
published  articles  on  "  The  Life  and  Character  of 


Peter  the  Great,"  "  Novels  of  Balzac-. "and  "Polity 
of  the  Puritans,"  in  the  XortJt  American  Review, 
and  "  The  Causes  of  the  Civil  War"  in  the  Lon 
don  Times  ;  and  is  the  author  of  :  Morton's  Hope, 
or  the  Memoirs  of  a  Young  Provincial  (1839); 
Merry  Mount,  a  Romance  of  the.  Massachusetts 
Colony  (1849);  Rise  of  the  Dutch  Republic.  (?> 
vols.,  1856);  The  History  of  the  United  Nether 
lands,  from  the  death  of  William  the  Silent  to  the, 
Tirelve  Years  Truce,  1009  (2  vols.,  I860),  and 
The  Life  and  Death  of  John  of  Barueveld,  Advo 
cate  of  Holland ;  with,  a  View  of  the  Primary 
Causes  of  the  Thirty  Years'  War  (2  vols.,  1874). 
He  died  at  Dorsetshire,  England,  May  29,  1877, 
and  was  buried  in  Kensal  Green  cemetery. 

MOTT,  Alexander  Brown,  surgeon,  was  born 
in  New  York  city,  March  31,  1826;  son  of  Dr. 
Valentine  and  Louisa  (Dunmore)  Munns  Mott ; 
grandson  of  Dr.  Henry  and  Jane  (Wall)  Mott, 
and  a  descendant  of  Adam  and  Elizabeth  (Rich- 
bell)  Mott.  Adam  Mott,  a  Quaker,  came  from 
Essex,  England,  to  New  York  as  early  as  1644 
and  settled  on  Long  Island  about  1657.  Alexan 
der  Brown  Mott  was  educated  under  private 
tutors  and  in  the  Columbia  grammar  school  until 
1836,  and  in  Europe,  1836-41.  He  entered  the 
U.S.  Military  academy  in  1841 ;  left  at  the  desire 
of  his  father  and  visited  Europe  in  1842,  and  was 
employed  in  the  naval  agency  at  Marseilles, 
France,  in  1843.  He  was  private  secretary  to 
Commodore  Morris,  U.S.N.,  in  1844,  and  com 
manded  a  battery  during  the  Spanish  revolution, 
being  present  at  the  siege  and  surrender  of  Barce 
lona.  He  was  engaged  in  business  in  Marseilles 
in  1845  and  resided  at  Havre,  France,  1846-47, 
where  he  began  the  study  of  medicine.  He 
studied  under  his  father,  1847,  attended  the  New 
York  University  Medical  college  and  was  gradua 
ted  at  the  Vermont  Academy  of  Medicine  in  1850. 
He  was  prosecutor  for  his  father  for  many  years 
at  the  New  York  University  Medical  clinic  and 
performed  many  operations  in  the  surgical  clinics. 
In  1857  he  received  the  degree  of  M.D.  from  the 
University  of  Pennsylvania.  While  on  General 
Yates's  staff  in  April,  1861,  he  organized  the 
medical  corps  of  the  New  York  regiments  under 
his  charge  and  subsequently  served  as  temporary 
medical  director  in  New  York  and  inspected  all 
the  recruits  for  thirty-eight  regiments  of  volun 
teers.  He  visited  and  inspected  all  the  New 
York  regiments  in  the  vicinity  of  Washington, 
D.C.,  and  Fort  Monroe,  Va.  ;  resumed  the  office 
of  inspector  in  New  York,  and  was  also  connected 
with  the  mustering  and  disbursing  office.  He 
founded,  in  connection  with  the  patriotic  women 
in  New  York,  the  U.S.  army  general  hospital  in 
1862.  of  which  he  was  surgeon  in  charge.  He 
was  appointed  surgeon  of  U.S.  volunteers  with 
the  rank  of  major,  Nov.  7,  1862  ;  and  in  1864-65 


[602] 


MOTT 


MOTT 


served  as  medical  inspector  of  the  department  of 
Virginia  on  the  staff  of  Gen.  Edward  O.  C.  Ord, 
atul  \vas  mustered  out  of  the  service  with  the 
brevet  rank  of  colonel,  July  27,  1863.  He  was  a 
founder  of  the  Bellevue  Hospital  Medical  college, 
professor  of  surgical  anatomy  there,  1801-72,  and 
of  clinical  and  operative  surgery,  1872-89.  He 
was  surgeon  for  various  hospitals  in  New  York, 
was  influential  in  establishing  St.  Vincent's  hospi 
tal  in  1849,  and  was  a  member  of  several  scientific 
and  other  societies.  He  was  married  in  April, 
1S51,  to  Arabella  Upson  daughter  of  Thaddeus 
Plielps  of  New  York  city,  and  their  son,  Valen 
tine  Mott,  was  the  fourth  of  the  family  in  the 
direct  line  to  adopt  the  profession  of  medicine. 
He  died  in  Yonkers,  N.  Y.,  Aug.  12,  1889. 

MOTT,  Gershom,  soldier,  was  born  at  Lamber- 
ton,  N.J.,  April  7,  1822  ;  son  of  Judge  Gershom  and 
Phoebe  Rose  (Scudder)  Mott  ;  grandson  of  Capt. 
John  and  Eleanor  (Johnston)  Mott  and  of  John 
and  Mary  (Keen)  Scudder,  and  a  descendant  of 
Adam  (New  York,  1644,  Long  Island,  1657)  and 
Jane  (Hulet)  Mott.  He  attended  the  Trenton, 
N.J.,  academy,  and  in  1836  became  a  clerk  in  a 
New  York  store.  He  served  throughout  the  Mexi 
can  war,  was  commissioned  2d  lieutenant,  10th 
U.S.  infantry,  April  23,  1847,  and  was  mustered 
out.  Aug.  22,  1848.  He  was  married,  Aug.  8,  1849. 
to  Elizabeth  Smith.  He  was  collector  of  the  port 
of  Lainberton.  1849-53  ;  teller  of  the  Bordentown 
Banking  company,  1853-61  :  lieutenant-colonel  of 
the  5th  New  Jersey  volunteers,  1861-62,  and  was 
promoted  colonel  of  the  6th  New  Jersey  volun 
teers,  May  8,  1862.  At  the  second  battle  of  Bull 
Run,  Aug.  29,  1862,  he  was  wounded,  and  was 
promoted  brigadier-general  of  volunteers,  Sept.  7, 
1862.  On  his  return  to  duty,  Dec.  4,  1862,  he  was 
given  command  of  2d  brigade  of  New  Jersey 
volunteers,  and  then  of  the  3d  brigade,  2d  divis 
ion,  3d  army  corps.  He  was  again  wounded,  May 
3,  1863,  at  Chancellorsville.  He  commanded  the 
4th  division,  Hancock's  3d  corps,  in  the  battle  of 
the  Wilderness,  May  6,  1864,  and  the  3d  brigade, 
3d  division,  Hancock's  corps,  at  Cold  Harbor, 
June  1,  1864.  He  was  brevetted  major-general, 
Sept.  9,  1864,  for  capturing  the  enemy's  outposts 
and  lines,  and  over  one  hundred  men.  At 
Petersburg,  Dec.  31,  1864,  he  commanded  the 
3d  division,  2d  army  corps,  and  was  stationed 
on  the  Jerusalem  turnpike  south  of  Petersburg. 
He  was  wounded  at  Amelia  Springs,  Va.,  April 
6,  1865  :  commanded  the  provisional  army  corps 
after  psace  was  declared,  and  was  a  member  of 
the  Wirz  commission  at  Washington,  D.C.  He 
was  promoted  major-general  of  volunteers,  Dec. 
1,  1865,  to  rank  from  May  26,  1865,  and  resigned 
Feb.  20.  1866.  He  served  as  paymaster  of  the 
Camden  and  Am  boy  Railroad  company  1866-73  ; 
conducted  an  iron  foundry  under  the  name 


of  Thompson  &  Mott,  and  was  appointed  major- 
general  in  the  national  guard  of  New  Jersey  in 
1873.  He  was  treasurer  of  the  state  of  New 
Jersey,  1875,  keeper  of  the  state  prison,  1876-81; 
member  of  the  Riparian  commission,  1882-84; 
director  of  the  Bordentown  Banking  company 
and  the  West  Jersey  and  Atlantic  Railroad  com 
pany,  and  a  member  of  the  Society  of  the  Cincin 
nati.  He  died  in  New  York  city.  May  29,  1884. 

MOTT,  Henry  Augustus,  chemist,  was  born 
at  Clifton,  Staten  Island,  N.Y.,  Oct.  22,  1852  ;  son 
of  Henry  Augustus  Mott,  and  grandson  of  Dr. 
Valentine  and  Louisa  (Dunmorej  Munns  Motte. 
He  was  graduated  at  Columbia  college,  M.E.  and 
Ph.B.,  1873,  and  Ph.D.,  1875.  Devoting  himself  to 
technical  chemistry,  he  was  consulting  chemist 
to  the  manufacturers  of  various  food  preparations, 
and  invented  a  process  to  prevent  the  crystal 
lization  of  butter,  which  made  the  manufacture 
of  artificial  butter  successful.  He  also  exposed 
the  adulteration  of  baking  powders  with  alum. 
He  was  chemist  and  examiner  of  the  food  pur 
chased  for  the  Indian  bureau  by  the  U.S.  govern 
ment  and  was  often  called  into  court  to  testify 
as  an  expert,  notably  in  the  Fleming  murder 
trial  and  in  the  defence  in  the  Shakespeare  case, 
under  instructions  from  the  French  government. 
He  was  professor  of  chemistry  in  the  New  York 
Medical  college  and  hospital  for  women,  1881-86  ; 
chemist  to  the  New  York  Medico-Legal  society, 
1890-96,  and  was  employed  by  the  government 
to  examine  the  food  supplied  to  the  Indian  de 
partment.  Under  the  auspices  of  the  board  of 
education  he  delivered  an  annual  course  of  free 
lectures  on  chemistry  in  the  public  schools  of  New 
York  city,  1890-96.  He  was  the  first  to  claim 
that  the  wave  theory  of  sound  is  incorrect  and  he 
also  upheld  the  theory  of  the  entitative  nature  of 
force.  His  writings  include  :  TJie  Chemist's  Man- 
uttl  (1878)  ;  Was  Man  Created?  (1880);  Tlie  Air 
ice  Breathe  and  Ventilation  (1881)  ;  The  Fallacy 
of  the  Present  Theory  of  Sound  (1885)  ;  Matter, 
Ether  and  Energy,  and  Yachts  and  Yachtsmen  of 
America.  He  died  in  New  York  city,  Nov.  8,  1896. 

MOTT,  James,  reformer,  was  born  in  North 
Hempstead,  L.I.,  N.Y.,  June  20,  1788;  son  of 
Adam  and  Anne  (Mott)  Mott  ;  grandson  of  Adam 
and  Sarah  (Willis)  Mott,  and  of  James  and  Mary 
(Underbill) Mott,  and  a  descendant  of  Adam  and 
Elizabeth  (Richbell)  Mott.  James  was  educated 
at  the  Friends  boarding  school,  Nine  Partners, 
N.Y.,  1797-1807,  and  was  a  teacher  there  until 
1809,  when  he  removed  to  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  and 
became  a  clerk  in  Thomas  Coffin's  nail  store, 
being  made  a  partner  six  months  later  and  con 
tinuing  as  such  until  1815.  He  was  married, 
April  10,  1811,  to  Lucretia  Coffin,  daughter  of  his 
partner.  He  served  as  clerk  in  Barker's  bank, 
Wall  street,  New  York  city,  for  six  months  in 


[603] 


MOTT 


MOTT 


1816,  and  in  January,  1817.  returned  to  Philadel- 
phia  where  he  engaged  in  mercantile  pursuits. 
In  1827  he  defended  the  course  of  Elias  Hicks  in 
dividing  the  Society  of  Friends,  and  in  1830 
retired  from  the  cotton  business,  being  unwilling 
to  deal  in  anything  produced  by  slave  labor.  He 
engaged  in  the  wool  business,  and  at  one  time 
was  interested  in  the  Penn  factory  near  Philadel 
phia.  In  1850  he  retired  from  active  business,  and 
in  1857  removed  to  a  small  farm  near  the  city. 
He  was  among  the  first  to  join  the  Abolition 
movement,  and  in  1833  aided  in  organizing  in 
Philadelphia  the  National  Anti-Slavery  society. 
He  was  a  delegate  from  Pennsylvania  to  the 
World's  Antislavery  convention  in  London,  Eng 
land,  in  1840.  where  among  others  he  urged  the 
admission  of  the  female  dele 
gates,  his  wife  being  a  dele 
gate  from  Pennsylvania.  lie 
presided  over  the  first  Wo 
man's  Rights  national  con 
vention  held  at  Seneca  Falls 
X.Y.,  in  1848,  and  in  1865-69 
helped  to  organize  the  plans 
of  government  and  instruction  for  Swarthmore 
college,  named  in  memory  of  the  home  of  George 
Fox,  the  founder  of  the  Society  of  Friends.  He 
died  in  Brooklyn,  X.  Y.,  Jan.  26,  1868. 

MOTT,  Lucretia,  reformer,  was  born  on  Nan- 
tucket  Island,  Mass.,  Jan.  3,  1793;  daughter  of 
Capt.  Thomas  and  Anna  (Folger)  Coffin  ;  grand 
daughter  of  Benjamin  Coffin  and  of  William 
Folger.  and  a  descendant  of  Tristram  (1642)  and 
Dionis  (Stevens)  Cof 
fin.  She  removed  to 
Boston,  Mass.,  with 
her  parents  in  1804, 
attended  and  taught 
in  the  Friends  school 
at  Nine  Partners, 
N.Y.,  1806-10,  and 
there  met  James  Mott 
(q.v.),  to  whom  she 
was  married  at  the 
home  of  her  parents 
in  Philadelphia,  April 
10,  1811.  She  con 
ducted  a  school  in 
Philadelphia  with  Re 
becca  Bunker,  1817- 

18,  and  in  1818  became  a  minister  in  the  Society 
of  Friends.  She  eventually  joined  her  husband, 
a  supporter  of  Elias  Hicks,  and  as  a  minister 
of  the  Liberal  Quakers,  journeyed  through  New 
England,  New  York,  Pennsylvania,  Maryland, 
Virginia,  Ohio  arid  Indiana,  preaching  her  faith 
and  advocating  the  abolition  of  slavery.  She 
was  influential  in  organizing  the  American  Anti- 
slavery  society  at  Philadelphia  in  1833,  but 


being  a  woman  could  not  sign  the  declaration 
adopted.  She  also  aided  in  forming  female  anti- 
slavery  societies,  and  in  1840  accompanied  her 
husband  to  London,  England,  as  a  delegate  from 
the  American  Antislavery  society  to  the  World's 
Antislavery  convention  to  which  they  found,  on 
their  arrival,  no  women  were  to  be  admitted. 
She  however  made  several  addresses,  and  the 
fact  that  she  was  not  recognized  as  a  delegate 
led  to  the  woman's  rights  movement  in  England, 
France  and  the  United  States.  In  1848,  with 
Elizabeth  Cady  Staiiton,  Martha  C.  Wright  and 
Mary  A.  McClintock,  she  called  the  first  conven 
tion  at  Seneca  Falls,  N.Y.,  for  the  discussion  and 
improvement  of  the  social,  civil  and  religious  con 
ditions  and  rights  of  women.  She  thereafter  de 
voted  herself  to  this  cause  and  made  her  last 
public  appearance  at  the  Suffrage  convention 
held  in  New  York  city  in  1878.  She  held  meet 
ings  with  the  colored  people  ;  was  a  member  of 
the  Pennsylvania  Peace  society,  and  an  active 
worker  in  the  Free  Religious  associations  formed 
in  Boston,  Mass.,  in  1868.  She  also  aided  in 
establishing  the  Woman's  Medical  college  in  Phil 
adelphia.  See  "  Life  and  Letters  of  James  and 
Lucretia  Mott ''  by  Ann  Davis  Hallowell  (1884). 
She  died  near  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Nov.  11,  1880. 

MOTT,  Richard,  representative,  was  born  in 
Mamaroneck,  Westchester  county,  N.Y.,  July  21, 
1804;  son  of  Adam  and  Anne  (Mott)  Mott,  and 
brother  of  James  Mott,  the  reformer  (q.v.).  He 
was  educated  in  the  Friends  school,  Nine  Part 
ners,  N.Y.,  and  in  Ne\v  York  city  ;  taught  school 
for  a  year  ;  became  a  clerk  in  1818,  and  later  en 
gaged  in  the  lumber  and  ship  chandlery  business, 
and  as  clerk  and  teller  in  various  banks  in  New 
York  city.  He  was  married,  Nov.  12,  1828,  to 
Elizabeth  Mitchell,  daughter  of  Elihu  and  Mary 
(Slocum)  Smith.  In  1836  he  removed  to  Toledo, 
Ohio,  where  he  engaged  in  real  estate  and  other 
business  enterprises.  He  lost  his  property  in  the 
financial  panic  of  1837,  but  afterward  made  a 
success  in  mercantile  pursuits.  He  was  mayor  of 
Toledo,  1845-46  ;  a  founder  of  the  Republican 
party,  and  a  representative  in  the  34th  and  35th 
congresses,  1855-59.  He  was  opposed  to  slavery, 
but  while  in  congress,  true  to  his  Quaker  faith, 
voted  against  every  appropriation  for  the  sup 
port  of  the  army  and  navy.  He  served  as  chair 
man  of  the  Citizen's  Military  committee  during 
the  civil  war,  and  in  1868  organized  and  was 
elected  president  of  the  Toledo  Savings  institu 
tion.  He  died  in  Toledo,Ohio,  Jan.  22,  1888. 

MOTT,  Valentine,  surgeon,  was  born  at  Glen 
Cove,  L.I.,  N.Y.,  Aug.  20,  1785  ;  son  of  Dr.  Henry 
and  Jane  (Wall)  Mott ;  grandson  of  William  and 
Elizabeth  (Valentine)  Mott  and  of  Samuel  Wall, 
and  a  descendant  of  Adam  and  Elizabeth  (Rich- 
bell)  Mott.  He  was  prepared  for  college  at  a 


[604] 


MOTT 


MOTTE 


pri vate  seminary  at  Newtown,  L.I.  :  studied  medi 
cine  under  the  direction  of  his  relative,  Dr.  Val 
entine  Seamen  in  New  York  city,  1804—07  ;  was 
graduated  at  Columbia  college,  M.D.,  1806  ; 
studied  under  Sir  Astley  Cooper  in  London ; 
visited  St.  Thomas's,  Bartholomew's  and  Guy's 
hospitals,  and  attended  the  lectures  of  Abernethy, 
Sir  Charles  Bell  and  Currie,  180T-08.  He  com 
pleted  his  medical  studies  in  the  University  of 
Edinburgh,  1809-10,  and  practised  in  New  York 
city.  He  delivered  a  course  of  lectures  on  sur 
gery  in  New  York  in  1810  ;  was  professor  of 
surgery  in  the  medical  department  of  Columbia 
college,  1811-13,  and  after  that  department  be 
came  the  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons, 
continued  in  the  chair,  1813-26.  He  founded 
with  Drs.  Hosack,  Mitchell,  Francis  and  others, 
Rutgers  Medical  college  in  1826,  and  was  professor 
there  until  the  institution  closed  its  doors  in  1830. 
In  1828  lie  made  an  excision  of  the  collar  bone, 
in  which  he  tied  the  jugular  vein  in  two  places, 
and  not  less  than  forty  arteries,  from  which  the 
patient  completely  recovered.  This  feat  was 
probably  without  a  parallel  in  the  history  of  sur 
gery,  and  a  similar  operation  was  not  performed 
until  thirty  years  later.  He  was  professor  of 
surgery  and  relative  anatomy.  College  of  Physi 
cians  and  Surgeons  1830-65,  and  made  three 
visits  to  Europe  between  1835-31,  to  recuperate 
his  health.  He  visited  the  hospitals  of  Paris  and 
while  in  Constantinople  removed  a  tumor  from 
the  head  of  Sultan  Abdul  Medjid,  who  for  this 
service  invested  him  with  the  order  of  Medjidieh. 
He  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  medical  de 
partment  of  the  University  of  the  City  of  New 
York  in  1841  ;  was  professor  of  surgery  and  rela 
tive  anatomy  and  president  of  the  faculty,  1841- 
52,  and  professor  emeritus,  1852-65.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  council  of  the  university,  1830-36  ; 
surgeon  to  the  New  York  hospital ;  senior  con 
sulting  surgeon  to  Bellevue  hospital  for  fifteen 
years,  and  consulting  surgeon  to  St.  Luke's,  the 
Hebrew,  St.  Vincent's  and  the  Women's  hospitals 
at  different  times.  He  was  a  fellow  of  the  Im 
perial  Academy  of  Medicine  in  Paris,  the  Paris 
Clinical  society  :  the  Medical  Society  of  London, 
the  London  Chirurgical  society  ;  Brussels  Chi- 
rurgical  society  ;  King's  and  Queen's  College  of 
Physicians  in  Ireland,  and  was  president  of  the 
New  York  Academy  of  Medicine  for  several  years 
and  the  New  York  Inebriate  asylum  at  the  time 
of  his  death.  He  received  the  honorary  degree 
M.D.  from  the  University  of  Edinburgh  in  1851 
and  that  of  LL.D.  from  the  regents  of  the  Univer 
sity  of  the  State  of  New  York.  His  museum  of 
anatomical  specimens  was  destroyed  by  fire  when 
the  building  of  the  New  York  Medical  college 
was  burned.  His  widow,  however,  gathered  to 
gether  such  other  specimens  as  were  left  in  his 


[605] 


office  and  these,  with  4000  volumes  of  his  medical 
and  surgical  works  from  his  library  she  placed  in 
a  building  at  64  Madison  avenue.  This  was  in 
corporated  as  the  Mott  Memorial  in  1866,  and  was 
made  free  to  all  medical  and  other  students.  He 
was  married  in  1818,  to  Louisa,  daughter  of  Sarah 
Munns  of  England.  He  invented  many  surgical 
and  obstetrical  instruments  and  advocated  con 
servative  surgery.  He  left  a  fund  in  his  will, 
whereby  one  gold,  one  silver  and  one  copper 
medal  were  to  be  awarded  annually  to  three 
graduates  of  the  New  York  University  Medical 
college,  for  the  best  dried  anatomical  specimens. 
He  helped  to  establish  the  Neiv  York  Medical  and 
Surgical  Record  in  1818,  contributed  to  the  trans 
actions  of  the  New  York  Academy  of  Medicine  and 
wrote  various  papers  for  the  U.S.  sanitary  com 
mission.  He  supervised  Dr.  Peter  S.  Townsend's 
translation  of  Velpean's  "Surgical  Anatomy," 
adding  several  hundred  pages  of  notes  and  illus 
trations  and  is  the  author  of  :  '  •  Travels  in  Europe 
and  the  East"  (1842)  ;  and  various  addresses,  dis 
courses  and  eulogies.  See  "  Memoir  of  the  Life 
and  Character  of  Mott,  Facile  Princeps "  by 
Samuel  W.  Francis  (1865)  ;  "  Eulogy  on  the  Late 
Valentine  Mott"  by  Alfred  C.  Post  (1865),  and 
"  Memoir  of  Valentine  Mott  "  by  Samuel  D.  Gross 
(1868).  He  died  in  New  York  city,  April  26,  1865. 

MOTT,  Valentine,  physician,  was  born  in  New 
York  city,  Nov.  17,  1852  ;  son  of  Dr.  Alexander 
Brown  and  Arabella  Upsom  (Phelps)  Mott.  He 
was  graduated  at  Columbia,  A.B.,  1872,  A.M., 
1875  ;  Cambridge,  England,  B.A.  1876  ;  Bellevue 
Hospital  Medical  college,  M.D.,  1878.  He  prac 
tised  in  New  York  city  and  attained  a  wide 
reputation  as  a  physician  and  surgeon.  He  was 
out-door  surgeon,  Bellevue  hospital,  1879-87,  and 
went  to  Paris  in  1887  as  the  representative  of  the 
American  Pasteur  institute,  where  he  studied 
the  prophylactic  treatment  for  hydrophobia 
under  Louis  Pasteur  and  brought  back  to  New 
York  the  first  innoculated  rabbit  ever  taken  from 
Dr.  Pasteur's  laboratory.  He  contributed  to  Amer 
ican  Medical  journals  several  interesting  papers 
on  the  subject  of  Pasteur's  discovery.  He  was 
married,  April  21, 1892,  to  Emily  Langdon.  daugh 
ter  of  Langdon  Erving.  His  medical  and  sur 
gical  attainments  were  recognized  by  the  various 
professional  and  learned  societies  of  the  United 
States  by  electing  him  to  fellowship. 

MOTTE,  Isaac,  delegate,  was  born  probably 
in  Charleston,  S.C.,  Dec.  8.  1738;  son  of  Jacob 
Motte,  Dutch  consul  at  Dublin,  Ireland,  who  emi 
grated  from  Holland  to  America  and  settled  in 
South  Carolina,  where  he  served  as  treasurer 
of  the  colony.  His  grandfather,  De  la  Motte,  was 
a  French  Huguenot  refugee,  who  went  to  Holland 
in  1685.  Isaac  Motte  was  educated  as  a  soldier, 
served  in  Canada  in  the  French  and  Indian  war, 


MOULTOX 


MOULTON 


1756  ;  joined  the  patriotic  cause,  and  was  ap 
pointed  lieutenant-colonel  of  the  3d  South  Car 
olina  regiment,  under  Col.  William  Moultrie. 
June  17,  1775.  He  seized  Fort  Johnson,  on  Adams 
island,  by  direction  of  the  committee  of  safety  in 
July,  1775,  where  he  commanded  three  companies 
of  the  3d  South  Carolina  regiment.  He  was 
active  in  defen  ling  Fort  Moultrie,  and  was  pro 
moted  colonel  Sept.  10,  1776.  He  was  a  delegate 
from  South  Carolina  to  the  Continental  congress, 
1780-83  ;  a  member  of  the  state  convention  that 
ratified  the  constitution  of  the  United  States, 
and  was  appointed  naval  officer  of  the  port  of 
Charleston,  by  President  Washington,  serving 
1 789-5)5.  II 3  died  in  Charleston.  S.C.,  May  8,  1705. 
MOULTON,  Louise  Chandler,  author,  was 
born  in  Pomfivt,  Conn..  April  10,  1835  ;  daughter 
of  Lucius  Lemuel  and  Rebecca  Louisa  (Clark) 
Chandler  ;  granddaughter  of  Charles  and  Hannah 
(Cleveland)  Chandler,  and  of  Allen  Gates  and 
Selinda  (Darling) 
Smith  Clark,  and  a 
descendant  of  Will 
iam  Chandler,  who 
settled  in  Roxbury, 
Mass.,  with  his  wife 
Annis  and  four  chil 
dren  about  1637.  She 
was  educated  in  Pom- 
fret,  Conn.,  and  at 
Mrs.  Emma  Willard's 
seminary  in  Troy, 
N.Y.,  and  in  1854  pub 
lished  a  collection  of 
sketches  and  poems 
entitled  "  This,  That 
and  the  Other,"  of 
which  nearly  30,000  copies  were  sold.  She  was 
married,  Aug.  37,  1855,  to  William  Upham 
Moulton,  editor  of  a  weekly  paper  published  in 
Boston,  Mass.  She  was  the  Boston  literary  cor 
respondent  of  the  New  York  Tribune,  1870-76, 
and  a  regular  contributor  to  the  Boston  Sunday 
Herald,  1887-93.  She  traveled  in  Europe  at 
various  times  and  after  1878  made  London  her 
place  of  resilience  during  the  season.  She  con 
tributed  to  the  leading  magazines  and  newspapers 
and  edited  and  prefaced  with  a  biographical 
sketch  of  the  author,  "  Garden  Secrets,"  by  Philip 
Bonrke  Marston  (1887),  "The  Last  Harvest,"  a 
posthumous  publication  (1891)  and  "  A  Collected 
Edition  of  Marston's  Poems"  (1893).  She  also 
edited  a  volume  of  selections  from  Arthur 
O'Shaughnessy  with  a  biographical  sketch.  She 
considered  her  poems  to  be  her  most  important 
work,  and  she  is  classed  by  critics  among  the  lead 
ing  modern  sonnet  writers.  She  is  the  author  of  : 
This,  Tli at  and  tJie  Other  (1854);  Juno  Clifford 
(1855)  ;  My  Third  Book,  short  stories  (1859) ;  Bed- 


Time  Stories  for  children  (1873);  Some  ~l\romen's 
Hearts  (1874);  More  Bed-Time  Stories  (1875)  ; 
SiHHillow-FIiglits,  poems  (1877)  ;  Neir  Bed-Time 
Stories  (1880)  ;  Random  Rambles  (1881);  Fire 
light  Stories  (1883) ;  Ourselves  and  Our  Xei<jld>ors  : 
Short  Chats  on  Social  Topies  (1887)  :  Miss  Ei/re 
from  Boston  and  Others  (1889)  ;  In  tJie  (larden  of 
Dreams  (1889)  ;  Stories  Told  at  Tu-ilialit  (1890)  ; 
Lazy  Tours  in  Si>aiii  (1H96)  ;  In  Childliooil's 
Country,  poems  (1897)  ;  At  The  Winds  Will. 
poems  (1899). 

MOULTON,  Samuel  Wheeler,  representative, 
was  born  at  Hamilton.  Mass.,  Jan.  30.  1831  :  son 
of  William  and  Mary  (Lunt),  grandson  of  Jona 
than  and  Mary  (Tarbox),  and  of  John  and 
Hannah  (Killam),  great-grandson  of  John  and 
Mary  (Conant),  great2-grandson  of  James  and 
great3-gnindsoii  of  James  Moulton,  who  came 
from  Yarmouth,  England,  in  1638,  settled  in 
Salem,  Mass.,  in  1645.  and  later  removed  to  Wen- 
ham,  Mass.  In  1841  Samuel  W.  Moulton  went  to 
Kentucky  ;  taught  school  there.  1841-43,  and  in 
Mississippi,  1843-45.  He  was  married  in  1844  to 
Mary  H.,  daughter  of  Thomas  and  Mary  Afflick.  a 
native  of  Scotland,  and  they  had  no  children.  In 
1845  he  removed  to  Codes  county,  111.,  where  he 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1847.  He  practised 
in  Sullivan,  1847-49,  and  in  Shelbyville  after  1S49, 
attaining  eminence  in  his  profession.  He  was 
county  school  commissioner,  1851-59,  and  a  repre 
sentative  in  the  general  assembly,  1853-59.  In 
1853.  as  chairman  of  the  committee  on  education, 
lie  drafted  a  bill  for  a  system  of  free  schools  for 
the  state,  which,  after  long  discussion  and  oppo 
sition,  became  a  law.  He  was  also  active  in  pro 
moting  the  state  normal  university  bill  which 
became  a  law  in  1857.  He  was  president  of  the 
state  board  of  education  for  eighteen  years  :  pres 
ident  of  the  board  of  trustees  of  the  state  re 
formatory  for  boys  at  Pontiac  six  years,  and  was 
influential  in  establishing  the  University  of  Illi 
nois.  His  efforts  in  behalf  of  education  gained 
for  him  recognition  as  "the  father  of  the  free 
school  system  of  Illinois."  He  was  a  Buchanan 
presidential  elector  in  1856  ;  supported  Douglass 
for  President  in  1860  ;  was  elected  president  of 
the  grand  council  of  the  Union  League  for  the 
State  of  Illinois  in  1863  ;  was  a  Republican  rep 
resentative  in  the  39th  congress,  1865-67,  and  a 
Democratic  representative  in  the  47th  and  48th 
congresses,  1881-85.  In  1896  he  repudiated  the 
platform  of  the  Democratic  national  convention 
and  supported  William  McKinley  for  President. 
A  life-size  portrait  of  Mr.  Moulton  was  presented 
to  the  county  court  house  by  the  bar  and  citizens 
of  Shelby  county,  and  was  unveiled  June  10,  1898, 
with  impressive  ceremonies.  In  1903  Mr.  Moulton 
was  still  in  the  active  practice  of  law  in  Shelby 
ville,  111. 


[006] 


MOULTRIE 


MOUNT 


MOULTRIE,  William,  patriot,  was  burn  in 
1731  ;  son  oi'  Dr.  Julin  Moultrie,  who  immigrated 
to  America  from  Scotland  in  1733  and  attained 
eminence  in  Charleston.  S.C.,  as  a  physician. 
William  distinguished  himself  as  an  Indian 
tighter  ;  and  was  appointed  in  17(11.  captain  of  a 
militia  regiment  raised  to  defend  the  settlers  on 
the  border  against  the  raids  of  the  Cherokee  In 
dians,  lie  was  a  member  of  the  provincial  con 
gress  which  convened  at  Charleston  in  January, 
177.1;  was  chosen  colonel  of  the  2nd  South 
Carolina  infantry  and  at  once  began  preparations 
for  the  protection  of  the  city  against  the  British. 
In  June.  177(5.  he  was  ordered  to  complete  a  fort 
on  Sullivan's  Island.  Charleston  harbor,  which  he 
had  begun  the  previous  March,  and  being  in  need 
of  a  flag  for  signalling,  he  designed  the  first  Amer 
ican  flag  displayed  in  South  Carolina.  Upon  the 
arrival  of  the  British  fleet  under  Sir  Henry  Clinton 
and  Admiral  Sir  Peter  Parker,  on  June  28,  177(5, 
a  bombardment  was  begun  on  the  unfinished 
fortification,  but  owing  to  the  spongy  character 
of  the  palmetto  wood,  of  which  the  fort  was  con 
structed,  the  broadsides  had  little  effect,  while  the 
American  fire  wrought  fearful  havoc  on  the  fleet, 
which  was  forced  to  withdraw.  In  commemora 
tion  of  this  encounter  the  fort  was  subsequently 
called  Fort  Moultrie,  and  Moultrie  was  commis 
sioned  a  brigadier-general  in  the  Continental 
army  and  had  charge  of  the  military  operations  in 
Georgia  and  South  Carolina.  In  February,  1779, 
lie  defended  Beaufort,  S.C.,  against  the  attack  of 
a  superior  force  of  British  under  Colonel  Gardner. 
Jn  April,  1779,  he  delayed  the  advance  of  General 
Augustine  Prevost  against  Charleston  until  the 
city  could  be  placed  in  a  condition  for  defence. 
Upon  the  capitulation  of  Charleston  in  1780  he  was 
second  in  command  and  was  on  parole.  1780-82, 
when  he  was  exchanged  with  a  number  of  other 
Americans,  for  Lieutenant-General  Burgoyne. 
He  was  promoted  major-general  in  1782,  and  at 
the  close  of  the  war  retired  to  his  home  in 
Charleston.  He  was  governor  of  Soutli  Carolina, 
1780-87,  and  again,  1794-9(5.  He  is  the  author  of 
Memoirs  of  the  American  Revolution  so  far  as  it 
relates  to  the  Stales  of  North,  and  South  Caro 
lina  and  Georgia.  (2  vols.  1802).  He  died  at 
Charleston,  S.C..  Sept.  27.  1805. 

MOUNT,  Henry  Smith,  painter,  was  born  at 
Setauket,  Long  Island,  N.Y.,  Oct.  9.  1802;  son 
of  Thomas  S.  and  Julia  (Hawkins)  Mount,  and 
grandson  of  Major  Jonas  Hawkins  of  Stony 
Brook,  L.I.  He  learned  the  trade  of  sign  paint 
ing  with  Lewis  Childs  in  New  York  city,  and  es 
tablished  himself  there  in  that  business.  He  was 
married.  Dec.  21,  1820,  to  Mary  Ford  of  Mor- 
ristown,  N.J.  He  studied  art  at  the  National 
Academy  of  Design  ;  was  elected  an  associate  in 
1832,  and  died  at  Stony  Brook,  L.I.,  Jan.  20,  1841. 


MOUNT,  James  Atwell,  governor  of  Indiana, 
was  born  in  Montgomery  county,  Ind.,  March 
23,  1843.  He  attended  the  country  schools,  served 
in  Wilder's  brigade  during  the  civil  Avar  and 
completed  his  education  in 
the  Presbyterian  academy  at 
Lebanon,  Ind.,  in  180(5.  He 
engaged  in  farming  in  Mont 
gomery  County  ;  served  as  a 
member  of  the  Indiana  senate 
1888-92,  and  was  elected  gov 
ernor  of  Indiana,  on  the  Re 
publican  ticket,  serving  1897-1901.  During  his 
term  as  governor  he  refused  to  extradite  Governor 
Taylor  of  Kentucky,  charged  with  complicity  in 
the  murder  of  Governor  Goebel  of  Kentucky.  He 
married,  in  1867,  Kate  Boyd.  He  was  president 
of  the  Indiana  State  Wool  Growers'  association. 
He  died  in  Indianapolis.  Ind.,  Jan.  16,  1901. 

MOUNT,  Sheppard  Alonzo,  portrait  painter, 
was  born  at  Setauket,  L.I..  N.Y.,  July  17,  1804; 
son  of  Thomas  S.  and  Julia  (Hawkins)  Mount. 
He  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  and  learned 
the  trade  of  coach-making  in  New  Haven,  Conn. 
He  studied  art  at  the  National  Academy  of 
Design  in  New  York  city  ;  was  elected  an 
associate  in  1833,  and  an  academician  in  1842. 
He  was  married,  Oct.  5,  1837,  to  Elizabeth  H. 
Elliott  of  Sag  Harbor,  L.I.  He  devoted  himself 
to  portraiture,  among  his  works  being  a  portrait 
of  his  brother,  William  Sidney  Mount.  He  died 
at  Stony  Brook.  N.Y.,  Sept,  18,  1868. 

MOUNT,  William  Sidney,  portrait  painter,  was 
born  at  Setauket,  Long  Island,  N.Y.,  Nov.  26, 
1807  ;  son  of  Thomas  S.  and  Julia  (Hawkins) 
Mount,  and  grandson  of  Major  Jonas  Hawkins  of 
Stony  Brook,  L.I.  He  attended  the  village  schools, 
and  in  1823  apprenticed  himself  to  the  sign  paint 
er's  trade  in  New  York  city,  under  his  brother 
Henry  Smith  Mount  (q.v.).  In  1826  he  entered  the 
National  Academy  of  Design  as  a  student.  He  ex 
hibited  his  first  picture,  a  portrait  of  himself,  at 
the  National  Academy  of  Design  in  1828,  and  es 
tablished  his  studio  in  New  York  city  in  1829. 
He  was  elected  an  associate  of  the  National 
Academy  in  1831,  and  an  academician  in  1832. 
His  many  genre  pictures  include  :  A  Rustic 
Dance  (1830):  The  Last  Visit  (1835);  Farmers 
Nooning  (1837);  Tiie  Raffle  (1837) ;  Bargaining 
for  a  Horse,  and  The  Truant  Gamblers  in  the 
New  York  Historical  society  ;  Boy's  Trapping 
(1839):  Dance  of  the  Hay  makers  (1845);  Poirer  of 
Music  (1847);  Turn  of  the  Leaf  (1849);  Who'll 
turn  the  Grindstone?  (1851);  California  News 
and  Banjo  Player  (1858):  Just  in  Time  (1860); 
Early  Impressions  are  Lasting  (1804).  and 
Mutual  Respect  (1808).  Many  of  his  pictures 
were  engraved  and  largely  sold.  He  died  at 
Setauket,  L.  I.,  N.Y.,  Nov.  19,  1868. 


MOUTON 


MO  WATT 


MOUTON,  Alexandre,  governor  of  Louisiana, 
was  born  on  Bay  on  Carencro,  Attakapas  (Lafay 
ette  parish)  La..  Nov.  19.  1804;  son  of  Jean 
Mouton,  an  Acadian  refugee.  He  attended  the 
local  schools,  studied  la\v  under  Judge  Simon  and 
was  admitted  to  the  Louisi- 
KI  bar  in  1825.  He  settled  in 
practice  in  Lafayette  parish, 
represented  his  district  in  the 
Louisiana  legislature,  1828-33 
and  1886-39,  and  was  speaker 
of  the  house  for  two  sessions. 
He  was  a  Democratic  presi 
dential  elector  at  large  from  Louisiana  in  1821). 
1833  and  1837  ;  was  the  defeated  Democratic  can 
didate  for  representative  in  the  22d  congress  in 
1830;  was  elected  to  the  U.S.  senate  to  fill  the 
vacancy  caused  by  the  resignation  of  Alexander 
Porter,  Jan.  5,  1837,  and  was  re-elected  for  a  full 
term,  serving  until  March  3,  1842,  when  he  re 
signed,  having  been  nominated  as  the  Democratic 
candidate  for  governor  of  Louisiana.  On  Jan.  30. 
1843,  he  was  inaugurated  first  Democratic  gover 
nor  of  the  state,  his  term  expiring  on  the  adoption 
of  a  new  state  constitution  in  1846.  He  was 
president  of  the  Southwestern  railroad  conven 
tion,  New  Orleans,  La.,  January,  1853  :  a  delegate 
to  the  Democratic  national  convention  in  1856 
and  1860  ;  president  of  the  Vigilance  committee 
of  Lafayette  parish  in  1858,  and  a  delegate  to  and 
president  of  the  state  convention  at  Baton  Rouge 
that  passed  the  secession  ordinance,  Jan.  23,  1861. 
He  was  a  defeated  candidate  at  a  joint  session  of 
the  legislature  convened  to  elect  two  senators  to 
the  Confederate  congress,  Nov.  29,  1861.  He  was 
twice  married,  first  to  Lilia,  daughter  of  Jean 
Jacques  Rousseau  and  granddaughter  of  Gov. 
Jacques  Dupre  ;  and  secondly  to  Emma,  daughter 
of  Col.  C.  R.  Gardner  (q.v.),  U.S.A.  His  son 
Alfred  (q.v.)  was  a  Confederate  soldier,  and  his 
daughter  Mathilda  married  Gen.  Franklin  Gard 
ner,  C.S.A.,  graduate  of  West  Point.  1843.  who 
defended  Port  Hudson.  He  died  on  his  planta 
tion  near  Vermillionville,  La.,  Feb.  12,  1885. 

MOUTON,  Alfred,  soldier,  was  born  in  Opel- 
ousas,  St.  Lundry  parish.  La.,  Feb.  18,  1829  ;  son 
of  Alexandre  and  Lilia  (Rousseau)  Mouton.  He 
was  graduated  at  the  U.S.  military  academy  in 
1^50,  and  resigned  from  the  army,  Sept.  16,  1850. 
He  served  as  assistant  engineer  in  the  construc 
tion  of  the  New  Orleans  and  Great  Western 
railroad,  1852-53,  and  was  brigadier-general  in  the 
state  militia,  1850-61.  In  1861  he  joined  the  Con 
federate  army,  recruiting  a  company  from  the 
farmers  of  Lafayette  parish,  and  was  com 
missioned  colonel  of  the  18th  Louisiana  regiment, 
taking  part  in  the  battle  of  Shiloh.  April  7,  1862, 
where  he  was  severely  wounded.  He  commanded 
a  brigade  made  up  of  the  18th  and  33d  Louisiana 


Crescent  and  Terrebonne  regiments,  Ralston's 
and  Semmes's  batteries,  and  the  2d  Louisiana 
cavalry,  1392  strong,  and  at  Georgia  Landing, 
Oct.  27,  1862,  when  pressed  by  General  Weitzel, 
evacuated  the  place,  burned  the  bridges  and 
occupied  the  Teche  country  for  the  winter  of 
1862-63.  He  <vas  with  Gen.  E.  Kirby  Smith's 
Trans-Mississippi  army  in  command  of  the  2d 
division  of  Lieut. -Gen.  Richard  Taylor's  Army  of 
West  Louisiana  in  opposing  the  advance  of  Gen 
eral  Bank  up  the  Red  River,  being  at  Carroll 
Jones's  plantation  on  March  18,  at  Natchitoches 
on  the  22d  and  at  Sabine  Cross  Roads  on  April  5, 
where  the  line  of  battle  was  formed  on  the  morn 
ing  of  the  8th.  On  the  first  onslaught  made  by 
the  Federal  force  he  succeeded  in  driving  in  the 
cavalry  and  struck  the  head  of  Franklin's  troops, 
and  without  waiting  for  orders  from  General 
Taylor  drove  Franklin  back.  This  movement 
opened  the  battle  of  Mansfield,  which  Taylor 
pushed  to  a  complete  success,  but  Mouton  fell  at 
the  first  onset.  He  died  on  the  field,  Mansfield.  La. , 
April  8,  1864. 

MOWATT,  Anna  Cora,  author,  playwright  and 
actress,  was  born  at  Bordeaux,  France,  during  the 
temporary  residence  of  her  parents  in  that  place, 
in  1819;  daughter  of  Samuel  Gouverneur  and 
Eliza  (Lewis)  Ogden,  granddaughter  of  the  Rev. 
Dr.  Uzal  (q.v.)  and  Mary  (Gouverneur)  Ogden, 
and  of  Francis  Lewis.  She  was  educated  at 
private  schools  in  New  York  city  and  at  New 
Rochelle.  She  was  privately  married  when  fifteen 
years  of  age  to  James  Mowatt,  a  lawyer,  and  her 
husband  directed  her  education.  She  published 
her  first  book  in  1836  using  the  pen  name  "Isabel,"' 
to  the  criticisms  of  which  she  replied  with  a 
satirical  work  "  Reviewers  Reviewed."  She  spent 
fifteen  months  in  Europe.  1839-40.  and  in  1840 
wrote  "  Gulzara,  the  Persian  Slave,"  a  play,  which 
was  performed  privately  and  afterwards  published 
in  the  New  World.  Her  husband  lost  his  fortune 
by  speculation  and  to  aid  him  she  became  a 
public  reader,  reading  first  in  Boston,  Mass.,  Oct. 
28,  1841,  and  then  in  Providence,  R.I.,  and  in 
New  York  city.  Illness  compelled  her  toabaiidon 
the  profession  and  she  returned  to  literary  work. 
She  contributed  to  leading  American  periodicals 
under  the  pen  name  "  Helen  Berkley,''  and  many 
of  her  contributions  were  copied  in  the  London 
magazines  and  several  translated  into  German. 
Her  play,  "  Fashion."  was  successfully  produced 
at  the  Park  theatre,  New  York  city,  in  March, 
1845.  Her  husband  again  meeting  with  reverses 
she  made  her  debut  as  an  actress  at  the  Park 
theatre,  New1  York  city,  June  13,  1845,  as  Pauline 
in  "The  Lady  of  Lyons."  Her  success  secured 
her  engagements  in  other  cities  and  she  appeared 
at  the  Walnut  Street  theatre  in  "The  Lady 
of  Lyons ''and  "Fashion"  and  in  July,  1845,  at 


[008] 


MOW  BRAY 


MOWER 


Niblo's  Garden.  New  York,  as  Juliana  in  '•  The 
Honeymoon."  She  made  a  tour  of  the  United 
States,  appearing  more  than  two  hundred  nights 
in  her  first  year  on  the  stage.  She  wrote  a  play 
4>  Armand  ;  or  the  Peer  and  the  Peasant  "  in  1847. 
She  appeared  in  Manchester,  England,  in  1847,  and 
in  London  at  the  Princess's  theatre,  Jan.  5,  1848, 
in  "The  Hunchback "  with  Mr.  E.  L.  Daven 
port.  Her  husband  died  in  London  in  1851,  and 
she  acted  in  the  United  States  until  June  3,  1854, 
when  she  retired.  She  was  married,  June  7, 1854, 
to  William  Fouche  Ritchie  of  Richmond,  Va., 
and  lived  in  retirement  in  France,  Italy  and  Eng 
land,  visiting  the  United  States  in  1860,  being 
called  to  the  death-bed  of  her  father  in  New  York. 
She  is  the  author  of  :  Pelayo,  or  tJie  Cavern  of 
Covadonga  (1836);  Reviewers  Reviewed  (1837); 
The  Fortune- Hunter,  a  novel  (18-12);  Eveli/n  ;  or 
a  Heart  Unmasked,  A  Tale  of  Domestic  Life  (2 
vols.,  1845)  Autobiography  of  An  Actress  (1854); 
Mimic  Life,  or  before  and  Beliiud  the  Curtain 
(1855);  Twin~Roses(lS57);  Fairy  Fingers  (1865); 
The  Mute  Singer  (1866),  and  The  Clergyman's 
Wife  and  Other  Sketches (1867).  She  died  at 
Henley  on  the  Thames,  England,  July  28,  1870. 

MOWBRAY,  George  W.,  inventor,  was  born  in 
Lewes,  England,  May  4,  1815.  He  became  a  skil 
ful  chemist,  was  employed  in  the  California  gold 
mines,  1853-58,  and  as  a  chemist  in  the  oil  region 
of  Pennsylvania,  1858-68.  He  removed  to  North 
Adams,  Mass.,  in  1868,  where  he  devoted  himself 
to  chemical  research  and  there  invented  a  form 
of  nitroglycerin  for  blasting  purposes  and  super 
intended  its  manufacture  and  its  use  in  the 
construction  of  the  Hoosac  tunnel.  He  also  im 
proved  the  method  of  insulating  electric  wires, 
ust'd  in  discharging  the  explosive.  He  invented 
a  smokeless  powder  and  was  consulting  chemist 
of  the  Maxim  and  Nordenfeld  Arms  Company  of 
London,  England,  1888-91,  and  chemist  of  the 
Zylonite  Company  of  North  Adams,  1885-91.  He 
died  in  North  Adams,  Mass.,  June  21,  1891. 

MOWBRAY,  Henry  Siddons,  artist,  was  born 
in  Alexandria,  Egypt,  Aug.  5, 1858  ;  son  of  George 
(q.v.)  and  Mary  Anne  Mowbray,  while  his  parents 
were  traveling  abroad.  He  attended  the  com 
mon  schools  of  North  Adams,  Mass.,  was  ap 
pointed  a  cadet  at  the  U.S.  Military  academy  in 
1S75.  but  left  after  one  year  and  studied  painting 
under  Bonnat  at  Paris.  He  opened  a  studio  in 
New  York  in  1885  and  engaged  in  figure  painting 
and  decorating.  He  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
Society  of  American  Artists  in  1886  and  won  the 
Clark  prize  at  the  National  Academy  of  Design  in 
1888.  He  was  elected  a  national  academician  in 
1891.  Among  his  paintings  are  :  Aladdin;  Even 
ing  Breeze  ;  Last  Favorite  ;  Le  Destin  ;  Irides 
cence  ;  Persephone  and  Demeter ;  Lady  in  Black ; 
mural  decorations  in  Appellate  Court  House, 


New  York  ;  in  the  board  room  of  the  Prudential 
Life  Insurance  company  at  Newark,  N.J.,  and  in 
private  residences  in  New  York  city. 

MOWER,  Joseph  Anthony,  soldier,  was  born 
in  Woodstock,  Vt.,  Aug.  22,  1827;  son  of  Capt. 
Samuel  Mower  (born  in  Worcester,  Mass.,  in  1782  ; 
died  in  Lowell,  Mass.,  April  1, 1865),  and  a  descend 
ant  in  the  fourth  generation  from  Samuel  Mower, 
who  was  born  in  England  in  1690  and  settled  in 
Maiden,  Mass.,  about  1714,  later  moving  to  Wor 
cester,  Mass.,  where  he  died.  Joseph  Anthony 
Mower  attended  the  public  school,  learned  the  car 
penter's  trade  and  was  a  cadet  at  Norwich  univ 
ersity,  1844-46,  leaving  that  institution  to  enlist  in 
1846,  under  Capt.  Alden  Partridge,  as  a  private  in 
a  battalion  of  engineers  and  served  in  the  Mexican 
war,  1846-47.  He  was  commissioned  second 
lieutenant  in  the  1st  U.S.  infantry,  June  18,  1855, 
was  promoted  first  lieutenant,  March  13,  1857,  and 
captain,  Sept.  9,  1861.  He  was  engaged  in  the 
early  operations  of  the  Federal  army  in  Missouri, 
1861-62,  and  was  appointed  colonel  of  the  llth 
Missouri  volunteers  in  May,  1862.  At  the  battle  of 
luka,  Sept.  19,  1862,  his  regiment  with  those  of 
Colonels  Bormer  and  Holman  was  forced  back 
just  before  dark,  but  bivouacked  on  the  field  and 
found  the  enemy  gone  in  the  morning,  when  he 
commanded  the  3d  brigade  of  Stanley's  division, 
Army  of  the  Mississippi,  under  Rosecrans.  In  the 
battle  of  Corinth,  Oct.  3-4,  1862,  he  was  ordered 
by  Rosecrans  to  discover  the  position  of  Lovell, 
and  taking  a  force  from  the  skirmish  line  he  en 
tered  the  woods,  was  shot  in  the  neck  and  cap 
tured,  but  recaptured  a  few  hours  after  with  the 
field  hospital  of  the  Confederates.  He  became 
known  as  "  Fighting  Joe  Mower."  He  was  bre- 
vetted  major,  May  9, 1862,  for  his  action  at  Farm- 
ington,  Miss.;  lieutenant-colonel,  Sept.  9,  1862, for 
luka,  and  colonel,  May  14,  1863,  for  the  capture  of 
Jackson,  Miss.  In  the  Vicksburg  campaign  he 
commanded  the  2d  brigade,  3d  division,  15th  army 
corps,  May  19-July  4,  1863,  and  was  promoted 
brigadier-general  of  volunteers  for  his  gallant  de 
fence  of  Millikens  Bend,  June  6-7, 1863.  He  took 
part  in  the  Red  River  campaign,  and  in  the  cap 
ture  of  Fort  De  Russy,  March  14,  1864,  rode  at 
the  head  of  his  attacking  column  into  the  fort. 
On  May  15,  1864,  he  encountered  Whalton  and 
Polignac  on  Yellow  Bayou  while  in  command  of 
the  rear-guard  of  the  army,  and  defeated  the  Con 
federate  force.  He  continued  to  operate  with  the 
navy  above  Alexandria,  and  was  appointed  to  the 
command  of  the  1st  division,  16th  army  corps. 
On  July  13-15,  1864,  at  Tupelo,  Miss.,  he  defeated 
Forest,  and  was  promoted  major-general  of  vol 
unteers,  Aug.  12,  1864.  He  served  with  Sherman 
in  Georgia  and  Carolina,  commanded  the  1st  divi 
sion,  17th  corps,  and  the  17th  corps  in  South  Caro 
lina,  and  the  20th  corps  at  the  battle  of  Benton- 


[009] 


MO  WRY 


MOXOM 


ville,  March  19-20,  1865,  where  his  corps  fell  back 
before  General  Hardee  the  night  before  the  army 
of  Johnston  fell  back  across  Mill  Creek.  He  was 
brevetted  brigadier-general,  U.S.A.,  March  13, 
1865,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  at  Fort 
De  Russy,  La. .and  major-general  on  same  date 
for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  in  the  passage 
of  the  Salkehatchie  river,  S.C.,  Feb.  3,  1865.  On 
July  28,  1866,  he  was  promoted  colonel  U.S.A. 
and  transferred  to  the  39th  infantry  and  to  the  25th 
infantry,  March  15.1869.  His  last  command  was 
the  Department  of  Louisiana,  including  Arkan 
sas.  He  died  in  New  Orleans,  La.,  Jan.  6,  1870. 

MOWRY,  Daniel,  delegate,  was  born  in  Smith- 
field,  R.  [.,  Aug.  28.  1729;  son  of  Capt.  Daniel  and 
Mary  (Steere)  Mowry  ;  grandson  of  Capt.  Joseph 
and  Alice  (Whipple)  Mowry  and  of  Thomas  and 
Catherine  Steere  ;  great-grandson  of  Nathaniel 
and  Johannah  (Inman)  Mowry;  great2-grandson 
of  Roger  and  Mary  (Johnson) Mowry,  who  came 
from  England  to  Boston  in  1631  and  whose  son 
Nathaniel  settled  in  Providence,  R.T.,  in  1666. 
Daniel  was  brought  up  on  his  father's  farm  and 
learned  the  cooper's  trade.  He  represented  Smith- 
field  and  Glocester  in  the  general  assembly  of 
Rhode  Island,  1766-76  ;  took  an  active  part  in  pre- 
Revolutionary  movements  and  served  on  many 
important  committees  of  the  Rhode  Island  Colo 
nial  assembly  ;  was  one  of  the  census  takers,  1774 
and  177G;  a  member  of  the  committee  to  super 
vise  the  erection  of  forts,  1776  ;  judge  of  the  court 
of  common  pleas,  1776-81  ;a  member  of  the  enroll 
ment  committee,  1777,  and  that  on  appraising  tax 
able  property,  1779.  He  was  one  of  four  delegates 
from  Rhode  Island  to  the  Continental  congress, 
1781-82,  serving  for  six  months  with  Senator 
Vanillin.  He  was  also  clerk  of  the  town  of  Smith- 
field  for  twenty  years.  He  was  thrice  married  : 
first,  Aug.  27,  1749,  to  Anne,  daughter  of  Richard 
and  Anne  Philips,  who  died  Sept.  13.  1753;  sec 
ondly.  Aug.  19,  1756,  to  Nancy,  widow  of  Thomas 
Arnold,  and  thirdly  to  Catherine,  daughter  of 
Anthony  and  Rachel  Steere,  who  died,  April  4, 
1827.  He  died  in  Smithfield,  R.I.,  July  6,  1806. 

MOWRY,  William  Augustus,  author,  was 
born  in  Uxbridge,  Mass.,  Aug.  13,  1829;  son  of 
Jonathan  and  Hannah  (Brayton)  Mowry  ;  grand 
son  of  Gideon  and  Ruth  (Wheeler)  Mowry  ;  great- 
grandson  of  Richard  (the  preacher)  and  Huldali 
(Harris)  Mowry  ;  great2-grandson  of  Joseph  and 
Anne  (Whipple)  Mowry,  and  great3-grandson  of 
Captain  Daniel  and  Mary  (Steere)  Mowry. 
He  attended  Phillips  academy  and  Brown  uni 
versity,  and  was  principal  of  the  English  high 
school  at  Providence,  R.I.,  1859-64.  He  served  as 
captain  in  the  llth  R.I.  volunteer  infantry,  1862- 
63  ;  was  senior  principal  of  the  English  and  Clas 
sical  school  at  Providence,  1864-84  :  superinten 
dent  of  schools,  Cranston,  It. I.,  1864-66,  and 


77yM*4M**^.v44iH**v-- 


editor  of  the  Journal  of  Education,  Boston,  Mass., 
1884-86,  and  Education.,  1886-91 .  He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  school  board  of  Providence,  It. I.,  1869- 
75,  and  of  Boston,  1889-91  ;  superintendent  of 
schools  at  Salem,  Mass.,  1891-94  ;  president  of  the 
Rhode  Island  Insti 
tute  of  Instruction, 
1864-66;  of  the  Amer 
ican  Institute  of  In 
struction,  1880-82  ;  of 
the  Massachusetts 
council  of  the  Ameri 
can  Institute  of 
Civics,  1885-87  ;  of  the 
Martha's  Vineyard 
summer  institute 

from  1878 ;  of  the 
department  of  higher 
education,  National 
Educational  associa 
tion,  in  1889  ;  became 
a  member  of  the 
American  Academy  of  Arts  and  Sciences,  the 
New  England  Historic  Genealogical  society,  and 
the  National  Council  of  Education  in  1880  ;  a  cor 
responding  member  of  the  Rhode  Island  Histor 
ical  society  ;  of  the  Oregon  Historical  society,  and 
was  one  of  the  founders  and  a  member  of  the 
American  Historical  society.  In  1902  he  had 
given  more  than  two  thousand  lectures,  mostly 
on  historical  and  educational  subjects,  in  various 
states,  thus  addressing  over  one  hundred  thousand 
teachers.  He  is  the  author  of  :  Who  Invented  the 
American  Steamboat  ?  (1874)  ;  Tite  Descendants 
of  Nathaniel  Mowry  (1878)  ;  A  Family  History 
(1878)  ;  Political  Education  in  tJie  ScJiools  (1878)  ; 
The  School  Curriculum  and  Business  Life  (1881 ) ; 
Talks  with  My  Boys  (1884)  ;  Studies  in  Cir/1  Gov 
ernment  (1888);  A  National  University  (1889)  ; 
Elements  of  Civil  Government  (1890)  ;  Talks  with 
Boys  (revised,  1892)  ;  Annual  Report  of  the  Super 
intendent  of  Schools,  Salem,  Mass.  (4  vols.,  1891- 
94)  ;  War  Stories  (1892)  ;  Sunshine  upon  Hie 
Psalms  (1892)  ;  Lov'st  Thou  Me  More  than  These? 
(1892)  ;  Art  Decorations  for  School  Rooms  (1892)  : 
DiJJiculties  attending  the  Organization  of  our  Na 
tional  Government  in  1789 ;  A  History  of  the 
United  States  (1896)  ;  First  Steps  in  the  History 
of  Our  Country  (1898);  American  Inventions  and 
Inventors  (1900)  :  Marcus  WJiitman  and  the  Early 
Days  of  Oregon  (1901),  and  Territorial  Growth  of 
the  United  Mate*  (1902). 

MOXOM,  Philip  Stafford,  clergyman  and  au 
thor,  was  born  in  Markliam,  Canada,  Aug.  10, 
1848  ;  son  of  the  Rev.  Job  Hibbard  and  Anne 
(Turner)  Moxom,  both  natives  of  England.  In 
1856  the  family  moved  to  Ogle  county,  111.,  and 
later  to  De  Kalb.  In  1861  Philip  went  with  the 
58th  Illinois  volunteer  infantry  as  "  boy  "  to  Cap- 


[010] 


MOXOM 


tain  Bewley  and  was  present  at  the  battle  of  Fort 
Donelson.  In  October,  1860,  he  enlisted  in  the 
17th  Illinois  cavalry  and  served  until  November 
29,  18G.1}.  He  matriculated  at  Kalamazoo  college 
iii  the  class  of  1871,  but  left  after  one  year  and 

entered  Shurtleff  col 
lege, Upper  Alton,  111., 
where  he  remained 
till  the  summer  of 
1870.  Meantime  lie 
taught  school  in  Ma- 
coupin  county,  111.,  in 
Barry  count}-.  Mich., 
1870-71.  and  then  en 
tered  the  law  office  of 
May  &  Buck  in  Kala 
mazoo.  He  was  mar 
ried,  Sept.  0.  1871, 
to  Isabel,  daughter 
of  the  Hon.  Adam 
Elliott  of  Barry 
county,  Mich.,  and 
their  son,  Philip  W.  T.  Moxom,  graduated  at 
Harvard,  M.D.,  1901.  On  Sept,  19,  1871,  he  was  or 
dained  to  the  Baptist  ministry  in  Bellevue,  Mich. 
After  sixteen  months'  service  he  wa*s  called  to 
Albion,  Mich.  In  1875  he  entered  the  Theological 
seminary  in  Rochester,  N.Y.,  and  also  became 
pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  in  Mt.  Morris,  Livings 
ton  county.  He  graduated  in  May,  1878,  and  in 
1879  took  his  degree  as  A.B.,  in  the  University 
of  Rochester  and  that  of  A.M.  in  1882.  He  was 
pastor  of  the  First  Baptist  church,  Cleveland, 
Ohio,  1879-8"),  and  of  the  First  Baptist  church, 
Boston,  Mass.,  1885-93.  In  March,  1894,  he  ac 
cepted  a  call  to  the  South  Congregational  church 
in  Springfield,  Mass.  He  was  on  the  staff  of  uni 
versity  preachers  of  Harvard,  1894-97,  and  fre 
quently  served  as  university  preacher  at  Yale, 
Cornell,  Dartmouth,  Amherst,  Williams,  Bow- 
doin,  Wellesley,  Vassar,  Bryn  Mawr  and  other 
colleges.  He,  gave  a  paper  on  "  The  Argument 
for  Immortu/ity"  before  the  World's  Parliament 
of  Religions  in  Chicago,  1893,  and  preached  the 
sermon  on  "  Moral  and  Social  Aspects  of  War" 
before  the  World's  Peace  congress  in  the  same 
year.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  International 
Peace  congresses  in  London,  Berne  and  Antwerp, 
and  to  the  International  Congregational  council, 
1899.  He  lectured  before  the  Lowell  Institute, 
Boston,  in  1895,  and  was  made  a  member  of  the 
American  Oriental  society  ;  the  Society  of  Bibli 
cal  Literature  and  Exegesis,  the  Connecticut 
Valley  Biblical  club,  the  American  Economic  as 
sociation,  the  American  Association  for  the  Ad 
vancement  of  Science  and  various  other  literary 
and  scientific  societies.  He  received  the  honorary 
degree  of  D.D.  from  Brown  in  1892.  He  is  the 
author  of  :  Tke  Aim  o/  Life  (1894);  From  Jeru 


salem  to  Xicace :  the  Church  in  the  First  Three 
Centuries  (Lowell  lectures,  1895)  ;  The  Religion  of 
Hope  (1896),  and  numerous  articles  and  pam 
phlets  on  religious,  social  and  political  subjects. 

MOYLAN,  Stephen,  soldier,  was  born  in 
Ireland  in  1734.  One  of  his  brothers  was  bishop 
of  Cork.  His  family  being  wealthy  he  was  well 
educated,  traveled  in  Europe  and  resided  for  a 
time  in  England,  whence  he  came  to  America. 
He  engaged  as  a  merchant  in  Philadelphia,  Pa., 
and  became  an  early  defender  of  the  rights  of  the 
colonies.  He  joined  the  Revolutionary  army  at 
Boston,  Mass.,  in  1775,  and  was  appointed  muster- 
master  general  in  the  commissary  department, 
Aug.  11,  1775,  through  the  influence  of  John 
Dickinson  of  Pennsylvania.  He  won  the  friend 
ship  of  General  Washington,  who  appointed  him 
his  aide-de-camp,  March  6,  1776,  and  was  made 
quartermaster-general  with  the  rank  of  colonel, 
June  5,  1776,  which  latter  office  he  resigned, 
Sept.  28,  1776.  He  raised  the  1st  Pennsylvania 
regiment  of  cavalry,  an  independent  organiza 
tion,  serving  as  colonel  until  1777.  He  was  ap 
pointed  colonel  of  the  4th  Continental  dragoons, 
Jan.  5,  1777,  and  served  at  Valley  Forge,  1777-78  ; 
on  the  Hudson  river  and  in  Connecticut  in  1779  ; 
with  General  Wayne  on  the  expedition  to  Bull's 
Ferry  in  1780,  and  in  the  southern  campaign. 
He  was  brevetted  brigadier-general  in  the  Con 
tinental  army  on  his  retirement,  Nov.  3,  1783. 
He  was  U.S.  commissioner  of  loans  in  Phila 
delphia  for  several  years.  He  was  one  of  the 
organizers  and  the  first  president  of  the  Friendly 
Sons  of  St.  Patrick  in  Philadelphia  in  1771.  He- 
had  two  brothers,  Jasper,  a  lawyer  in  Philadel 
phia,  and  John,  a  merchant,  and  U.S.  clothier- 
general  during  the  Revolution.  General  'Moylan 
died  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  April  11,  1811. 

MOYLAN,  William,  educator,  was  born  in 
Ireland,  June,  22,  1822,  of  a  celebrated  Roman 
Catholic  family.  He  entered  the  secular  priest 
hood  in  Canada,  and  was  engaged  in  missionary 
work  among  the  Indians  and  fishermen  at  Cape 
Gaspe,  Quebec.  He  was  admitted  to  the  Society 
of  Jesus,  Nov.  14,  1851  ;  taught  in  the  under 
graduate  course  at  St.  John's  college,  Fordham  ; 
at  St.  Francis  Xavier's  college,  New  York  city, 
and  in  San  Francisco,  Cal.  He  was  appointed 
president  of  St.  John's  college,  Fordham,  in  1865, 
and  filled  the  position  for  three  years.  During 
his  administration,  Senior  hall  or  First  Division 
building  was  erected  and  served  for  many  years 
as  the  principal  college  building.  He  died  at 
Fordham,  N.Y.,  Jan.  14,  1891. 

MRAK,  Ignatius,  R.C.  bishop,  was  born  in 
Hotoula,  parish  of  Poljane,  Carniola,  Austria, 
Oct.  10,  1816.  He  was  ordained  priest,  July  31, 
1837,  at  Laibach,  Austria,  by  Prince  Bishop  An 
thony  Aloys  Wolff,  and  served  as  parish  priest  at 


[0111 


MUDGE 


Carniola  until  184.").  He  came  to  the  United 
.States  in  that  year  as  missionary  to  the  Ottawa 
and  Chippewa  Indians  in  nortliern  Michigan  and 
was  stationed  at  Arbre  Croche.  He  was  trans 
ferred  to  Eagle  Town  on  Grand  Traverse  bay  in 
1855.  and  there  established  an  Indian  school. 
He  also  attended  to  ten  other  Indian  mission 
stations,  which  he  had  organized,  and  was  ap 
pointed  vicar-general  of  the  diocese  of  Sault 
Sainte  Marie  in  1860.  He  was  consecrated  bishop 
of  Marquette  and  Sault  Sainte  Marie,  Mich.,  at 
Cincinnati,  Ohio,  Feb.  7,  1869,  by  Archbishop 
Purcell,  assisted  by  Bishop  Lefevre  and  Henni, 
and  succeeded  Bishop  Baraga,  who  died  Jan.  19, 
1868.  lie  resigned  from  his  see  on  account  of 
ill  health  in  July,  1878,  and  received  the  titular 
see  of  Antinoe  in  1881.  He  died  at  St.  Mary's 
hospital,  Marquette.  Mich.,  Jan.  2,  1901. 

MUDQE,  Benjamin  Franklin,  scientist,  was 
born  in  Orrington,  Maine,  Aug.  11,  1817  ;  son  of 
James  and  Ruth  (Atwell)  Mudge  ;  grandson  of 
Enoch  and  Lydia  (Ingalls)  Mudge,  and  a  descend 
ant  from  Thomas  and  Marie  Mudge.  Thomas 
Mudge  was  born  in  Devonshire,  England,  1624  : 
arrived  in  America  shortly  after  1640,  and  settled 
in  Maiden,  Mass.  His  parents  removed  to  Lynn, 
Mass.,  when  he  was  an  infant,  and  he  attended 
the  public  school  and  Wilbraham  academy.  He 
was  graduated  at  Wesleyan  university  A.B.  and 
B.S.  in  1840.  He  studied  law  in  Lynn,  1843-44, 
and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1844,  practising 
in  Lynn,  1844-59.  He  was  married  in  1846  to  Mary 
Eusebia  A.  Beckford  of  Lynn,  who  with  two  sons 
and  one  daughter  survived  him.  He  was  asso 
ciate  justice  of  the  police  court,  1850-59  ;  mayor 
of  Lynn,  1850  ;  member  of  state  temperance  com 
mittee.  1854-60,  and  chemist  to  oil  refineries  in 
Chelsea,  Mass.,  and  Cloverport,  Ky.,  1860-61. 
He  removed  to  Quindoro,  Kan.,  in  1861  ;  was 
appointed  state  geologist  in  1864,  and  was  pro 
fessor  of  natural  science  in  the  State  Agricultural 
college,  Manhattan,  Kansas,  1865-73.  He  was 
president  of  the  State  Teachers  association,  1867  ; 
president  of  the  Kansas  Natural  History  society, 
1868-79  ;  lecturer  in  geology,  State  university, 
Lawrence,  Kan.,  1873-79,  and  made  various  geo 
logical  explorations  alone  and  with  D.C.  Marsh  of 
Yale  college  for  the  State  Board  of  Agriculture. 
The  first  known  toothed  bird  was  discovered  by 
him  and  presented  to  Yale  college.  He  was  a 
fellow  of  the  American  Association  for  the  Ad 
vancement  of  Science.  The  members  of  the  State 
Academy  of  Science,  of  which  he  was  chief 
founder  and  president,  erected  a  monument  to  his 
memory  in  Manhattan,  Kan.  He  is  the  author 
of:  First  Annual  Report  of  the  Geology  of  Kan 
sas  (1866)  ;  Notes  on  the  Tertiary  and  Cretaceous 
Periods  of  Kansas  (1877),  and  contributions  to 
the  Ladies'  Repository,  American  Journal  of 

[012 


Science  and  Arts,  Transactions  of  the  Kansas 
State  Board  of  Agriculture,  Transactions  of  the 
Kansas  Academy  of  Science,  Report  U.S.  Geo 
graphical  and  Geological  Survey  and  the  Kansas 
City  Review  of  Science  and  Industry.  He  died  in 
Manhattan,  Kan.,  Nov.  21,  1879. 

MUDGE,  Enoch,  clergyman  and  author,  was 
born  in  Lynn,  Mass.,  June  26,  1776  ;  son  of  Enoch 
and  Lydia  (Ingalls)  Mudge,  and  grandson  of 
John  and  Abigail  Ingalls.  His  father  was  one 
of  the  sentinels  who  guarded  the  Old  Province 
house  when  occupied  by  Washington  as  head 
quarters  ;  his  mother  was  the  granddaughter  of 
the  first  white  settler  of  Lynn,  Mass.,  and  his 
brothers,  James  and  Samuel  Mudge,  were  promi 
nent  Methodist  laymen  of  Lynn.  Enoch  entered 
the  itinerancy  of  the  Methodist  church  in  1793, 
traveled  through  Maine,  1793-99,  and  was  settled 
over  the  church  at  Orrington,  Me.,  1799-1816. 
He  was  twice  elected  a  representative  in  the  Mas 
sachusetts  general  court  and  obtained  a  repeal  of 
the  law  imposing  a  tax  on  other  religious  de 
nominations  for  the  benefit  of  the  Congregation- 
alists.  He  took  up  the  itinerancy  again  in  1816, 
laboring  in  Boston,  Lynn,  Portsmouth,  N.H., 
Newport,  R.I.,  and  smaller  towns,  1816-32,  and  in 
1832  was  transferred  to  the  Seaman's  chapel, 
New  Bedford,  serving,  1832-44.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  Massachusetts  constitutional  committee  of 
1819.  He  is  the  author  of :  Camp  Meeting 
Hymn  Book  (1818) ;  Notes  on  the  Parables  (1828), 
Lynn:  a  POOH, (1830) ;  The  Parable  of  Onr  Lord 
(1831)  ;  Lectures  to  Seamen,  (1836)  ;  The  Juvenile 
Exposition  in  70  numbers  of  Zion's  Herald, 
and  of  prose  and  verse  to  current  periodicals. 
He  died  in  Lynn,  Mass.,  April  2,  1850. 

MUDQE,  James,  missionary,  was  born  in  West 
Springfield,  Mass.,  April  5,  1844  ;  son  of  the  Rev. 
James  and  Harriet  (Goodridge)  Mudge,  and 
grandson  of  James  and  Ruth  (Atwell)  Mudge. 
He  was  graduated  at  Wesleyan  university  in 
1865  ;  was  teacher  of  Latin  and  Greek  at  Pen- 
nington  seminary,  N.J.,  1865-67  :  joined  the  New 
England  conference  of  the  Methodist  church, 
1868  ;  was  stationed  at  Cambridge,  Mass.,  1868- 
69  ;  was  graduated  at  Boston  university,  B.D., 
1870,  and  was  stationed  at  Wilbraham,  Mass., 
1870-72.  He  was  transferred  to  India  conference, 
1872,  and  traveled  in  Europe  several  months, 
1872-73.  He  was  married,  April  29,  1873,  to 
Martha  M.  Wiswell  of  New  Haven,  Conn.,  and 
three  children,  Mabel,  James  Wiswell  and  Ada, 
were  born  to  them  in  India.  He  remained  at 
Lucknow,  India,  as  editor  of  the  Lucknow 
Witness.  1873-81,  and  was  stationed  at  Shahje- 
hanpur,  1882.  He  returned  to  the  United  States 
and  rejoined  the  M.E.  conference  in  1883,  and 
was  stationed  at  Whitinsville,  1884-86 ;  East 
Pepperell,  1887-90;  Clinton,  1891-93;  Lowell, 


MUHLENBERG 


1894-97;  Natick,  1898-1900,  and  Webster,  from 
1901.  He  was  elected  secretary  of  the  confer 
ence  in  1889  ;  secretary  and  treasurer  of  the  Con. 
Terence  Missionary  society  in  1886,  and  lecturer 
on  missions  at  Boston  University  School  of  Theo 
logy  in  1888.  He  \vas  a  delegate  to  the  general 
conference  of  the  M.E.  church  held  at  Chicago  in 
1900.  He  received  the  honorary  degree  of  D.D. 
from  Wesleyan  university  in  1891.  He  is  the 
author  of  :  Handbook  of  Methodism,  prepared  for 
and  dedicated  to  the  Methodist  Church  of  India 
(Lueknow,  18(7);  and  History  of  Methodism 
(Lucknow,  1878);  and  editor  of:  Good  Stories 
fur  the  Family  Circle  and  Leisure  Hour  (1878)  ; 
(food  Stori.es  and.  Best  Poems  (1879.  2d  ser.  1882) ; 
Spiritual  Songs  (18SO)  :  Monitor  (1897),  and  trans 
lation  of  Easy  Lessons  for  Infant  Scholars,  all 
]>'ihlished  in  Lucknow.  He  is  also  the  author  of: 
I'\iht'i-  (1885)  ;  ^l  Memorial  Portraiture  of  .the 
Ri'c.  Z.  A.  Madge  (1890)  ;  The  Pastor's  Mission 
ary  Manual  (1891):  Growth  in  Holiness  (189'))  ; 
T!ie.  Rest  of  Browning  (1898)  ;  Honey  from  Many 
7/m'.s(1899)  :  China  (1900). 

MUDGE,  Thomas  Hicks,  educator,  was  born 
in  Orrington,  Maine,  Sept.  27.  1815  ;  son  of  James 
and  Ruth  (Atwell)  Mudge.  He  was  graduated 
at  \Vesleyan  university  A.R,  1840.  A.M.  1843; 
studied  at  Union  Theological  seminary,  New  York 
city.  1840-43;  joined  the  New  England  confer 
ence,  1843,  and  labored  in  the  itinerancy,  1843-57. 
1  le  was  professor  of  sacred  literature,  McKendrie 
college,  Lebanon,  111.,  1857-58;  member  of  the 
Southern  Illinois  conference,  1858  ;  of  the  Mis 
souri  conference,  1859-01  :  was  at  Manhattan, 
Kan..  1861-62,  and  professor  of  ancient  languages 
and  Biblical  literature  at  Baker  university,  Bald 
win  City,  Kan.,  1862.  He  was  married  about 
1S42  to  B.  Lucinda  Grover.  He  is  the  author  of  : 
Inquiry  into  the  Meaning  of  II  Peter  Hi.  13  (1850)  ; 
Was  Pharaoh  Destroyed  in  the  Red  Sea  9  (1860), 
published  in  the  Methodist  Quarterly  Review  and 
Ladies'  Repository  respectively.  He  died  in  Bald 
win  City.  Kan.,  July  24,  1862. 

MUDGE,  Zachariah  Atwell,  author,  was  born. 
in  Orrington,  Maine,  July  2.  1813  ;  son  of  James 
and  Ruth  (Atwell)  Mudge.  He  taught  school  at 
Topsfield,  1832-34,  at  Lynn,  1834-35;  entered 
Wesleyan  university  in  1835,  but  left  in  April. 
1837,  and  taught  in  private  families  in  Missis 
sippi  and  as  principal  of  the  male  department, 
Woodville  academy,  1837-40  .  He  was  ordained 
in  1839  and  joined  the  New  England  conference, 
1840,  his  itinerancy  being  confined  to  eastern 
Massachusetts,  1840-88.  He  edited  Guide  to  Holi 
ness,  1858-62.  He  was  married  in  1842  to  Caro 
line  Williams  Goodridge  of  Boston,  Mass.  He 
received  the  honorary  degree  of  A.M.  from  Wes 
leyan  in  1882.  He  is  the  author  of  over  forty 
.Sunday-school  books  (1847-1880).  including  :  The 


Easy  Lesson  Book  for  Infant  Scholars,  of  which 
over  100.000  copies  were  sold,  and  of  Sketches  of 
Mission  Life  among  the  Indians  of  Oregon  (1854) ; 
The  Christian  Statesman  (1865)  ;  Witch  Hill 
(1870)  ;  Arctic  Heroes  (1874)  ;  North  Pole  Voyages 
(1875;  ;  History  of  Suffolk  County,  Mass.  (1874); 
Fur  Clad  Adventurers  (1880).  He  died  at  West- 
boro,  Mass.,  June  15,  1888. 

MUHLENBERG,  Frederick  Augustus,  ed 
ucator,  was  born  at  Lancaster,  Pa.,  Aug.  25,  1818  ; 
son  of  Dr.  Frederick  Augustus  and  Eliza 
(Schaum)  Muhlenberg,  and  grandson  of  Gotthilf 
Henry  Ernst  and  Catherine  (Hall)  Muhlenberg. 
He  was  graduated  from  Jefferson  college,  Pa.,  in 
1836,  and  from  the  Princeton  Theological  semi 
nary  in  1837.  He  was  professor  at  Franklin 
college,  Lancaster,  Pa.,  1838-50,  and  of  Greek 
in  Pennsylvania  college,  Gettysburg,  Pa.,  1850- 
67.  He  was  ordained  to  the  Lutheran  ministry 
in  1855,  and  in  1867  became  president  of  the 
newly  organized  Muhlenburg  college  (named  for 
his  great-grandfather)  at  Allentown,  Pa.,  in 
1864,  also  serving  as  professor  of  mental  and 
moral  science,  Greek  and  evidences  of  Christ 
ianity  in  1864-76.  He  resigned  his  connection 
with  Muhlenberg  college  in  1876;  was  professor 
of  Greek  language  and  literature  in  the  Univer 
sity  of  Pennsylvania,  1876-88,  and  was  chosen 
president  of  Shiel  college  at  Greenville,  Pa.,  1891. 
He  was  married,  Aug.  8,  1848,  to  Catherine  Anna, 
daughter  of  Maj.  Peter  and  Anna  Barbara 
(Meyer)  Muhlenberg.  The  honorary  degree  of 
D.D.  was  conferred  on  him  by  Pennsylvania 
college,  1867,  and  that  of  LL.D.  by  Muhlenberg 
college,  and  Franklin  and  Marshall  college,  in 
1887.  He  is  the  author  of  :  translations  from 
the  German  for  the  Evangelical  Review;  many 
addresses,  including  an  Inaugural  Address  as 
president  of  Mulheiiberg  college  (1867)  and  Semi- 
Centennial  Address  at  Pennsylvania  college 
(1882).  He  died  in  Reading,  Pa.,  March  21,  1901. 

MUHLENBERG,  Frederick  Augustus  Con 
rad,  representative,  was  born  in  Trappe,  Pa., 
Jan.  1,  1750,  second  son  of  the  Rev.  Henry 
Melchior  and  Anna  Mary  (Weiser)  Muhlenberg. 
He  received  a  collegiate  education  at  Halle, 
Germany,  and  was  ordained  to  the  Lutheran 
ministry,  Oct.  25,  1770,  upon  his  return  with  his 
brother,  Gotthilf  Heinrich  Ernst,  from  Germany. 
He  assisted  his  father  at  Trappe,  1780-83,  was 
pastor  of  Christ  church  in  New  York  city,  1773- 
7(5,  and  upon  the  outbreak  of  the  Revolution  was 
obliged  to  leave  New  York  on  account  of  his 
outspoken  sympathy  for  the  patriot  cause.  He 
resided  with  his  father  at  Trappe,  1776-77,  and 
then  removed  to  New  Hanover,  Pa.,  and  was 
pastor  of  the  Lutheran  congregations  there,  at 
Oby  and  at  New  Goshenhoppen,  Pa.,  until  August, 
1779,  when  he  retired  from  the  ministry  to  accept 


[613J 


MUHLENBERG 


MUHLENBERG 


the  election  of  delegate  to  the  Continental  con 
gress,  where  lie  represented  the  Germans  in  Penn 
sylvania,  1778-80.  He  was  subsequently  elected 
to  the  state  legislature,  when  he  served  two 
terms  as  speaker.  He  was  a  representative  in  the 

COAKiRESS     HALL. 
PH/LAPELPH/A,  PA. 
1774-1/83. 


lst-4th  congresses,  1789-97,  and  was  speaker  of 
the  house  during  the  1st  and  3rd  congresses.  He 
was  chairman  of  the  committee  of  the  whole  in 
considering  the  Jay  treaty,  and  Ids  casting  vote 
carried  the  treaty  into  effect.  He  was  president 
of  the  council  of  censors  of  Pennsylvania :  state 
treasurer  ;  president  of  the  state  convention  that 
ratified  the  Federal  constitution,  and  register  of 
the  Pennsylvania  land  office,  1797-1801.  He  died 
at  Lancaster,  Pa.  June,  4,  1801. 

MUHLENBERG,  Qotthilf  Heinrich  Ernst, 
botanist,  was  born  in  New  Providence,  Pa.,  Nov. 
17,  1753  ;  son  of  the  Rev.  Henry  Melchior  and 
Anna  Mary  (Weiser)  Muhlenberg.  He  attended 
the  schools  of  Montgomery  county  until  1761, 
when  he  removed  with  his  parents  to  Phila 
delphia.  In  1703  he  was  sent  with  his  two  elder 
brothers  to  Halle.  Germany,  where  he  studied 
theology,  returning  to  Philadelphia  in  1770.  He 
was  ordained  to  the  Lutheran  ministry  and 
preached  in  New  Jersey,  1770-7:3,  and  was  pastor 
of  a  Lutheran  church  in  Philadelphia,  1774-79. 
During  the  Revolutionary  war  he  supported  the 
patriot  cause,  was  twice  obliged  to  flee  into  the 
country  to  escape  capture  and  lost  a  large  part 
of  his  estate  through  loaning  money  to  the  govern 
ment.  While  in.  the  country  he  took  up  the  stud}' 
of  botany  for  amusement,  and  after  the  war 
continued  the  study  in  Philadelphia.  In  July, 
1873,  he  communicated  to  the  American  Philoso 
phical  society,  an  outline  manuscript  calendar 
of  flowers.  He  discovered  and  classified  various 
plants,  which  were  named  in  his  honor,  and  corre 
sponded  with  and  visited  the  highest  authorities 
on  the  subject.  He  received  from  the  Univer 
sity  of  Pennsylvania,  the  honorary  degree  of 
A.M.,  in  1780  and  that  of  D.D.  in  1784.  He  was 
a  member  of  the  American  Philosophical  society 
and  of  many  foreign  scientific  bodies.  He  was 
married  to  Catherine,  daughter  of  Philip  Hall, 


and  Henry  Augustus  (q.v.)  was  their  son.  He 
is  the  author  of  :  Catalogue  Plantar  am  America', 
Septentrionalis  (1813)  ;  Redaction  of  all  the 
Genera  of  Plants  contained  in  the  Catologus 
Plantar nm  of  Muhlenberg  to  the  Natural  Fam 
ilies  of  De  Jnssieus  System  (1815)  ;  Descriptio  ub- 
crior  Granimum  et  Plantar  hun  Calainariariun 
America?  Septentrionalis  Indignarum  et  Circurum 
(1817).  He  died  in  Lancaster.  Pa.,  May,  23,  1813. 

MUHLENBERG,  Henry  Augustus,  clergy 
man,  was  born  in  Lancaster,  Pa.,  May  13,  1782; 
son  of  Gotthilf  Heinrich  Ernst  and  Catherine 
(Hall)  Muhlenberg.  He  was  educated  under  his 
father,  studied  theology  under  the  Rev.  Dr. 
Kunze  in  New  York  and  was  ordained  to  the 
Lutheran  ministry  in  1802.  He  was  pastor  of 
Trinity  Lutheran  church  at  Reading.  Pa., 
1802-28,  when  he  was  compelled  to  retire  on  ac 
count  of  ill  health.  He  was  president  of  the 
Lutheran  ministerium  of  Pennsylvania,  and  was  a 
Democratic  representative  from  Pennsylvania  in 
the  21st-25th  congresses,  1829-38,  resigning  Feb. 
9,  1838.  He  was  the  unsuccessful  Democratic 
candidate  for  governor  of  Pennsylvania  in  1835, 
and  in  1838  declined  the  office  of  the  secretary  of 
the  navy  as  successor  to  Mahlon  Dickinson,  and 
the  mission  to  Russia  as  successor  to  George  M. 
Dallas.  He  accepted  the  mission  to  Austria,  be 
ing  the  first  U.S.  minister  accredited  to  that 
government,  serving  1838-40,  and  was  relieved  at 
his  own  request,  Sept.  18,  1840.  He  was  the 
Democratic  candidate  for  governor  of  Pennsyl 
vania  in  1844,  but  died  before  the  election.  He 
received  the  degree  D.D.  from  the  University  of 
Pennsylvania  in  1824.  He  was  married  to  Rebec 
ca,  daughter  of  Gov.  Joseph  Hiester  of  Pennsyl 
vania.  He  died  in  Reading,  Pa..  Aug.  11,  1844. 

MUHLENBERG,  Henry  Melchior,  pioneer 
Lutheran,  was  born  in  Einbeck,  Hanover.  Ger 
many,  Sept.  0,  1711  ;  son  of  Nicholaus  Melchior 
and  Anna  Maria 
Muhlenberg,  persons 
of  prominent  social 
standing.  He  at 
tended  the  schools  of 
Einbeck,  and  in  1735 
entered  the  Univers 
ity  of  Gottingen.  hav 
ing  been  voted  a 
vearly  stipend  for  his 
collegiate  education 
by  the  council  of  his 
native  town.  In  1730 
he  induced  several 
other  students  to  join 
with  him  in  giving 
instruction  to  neg 
lected  children,  which  movement  grew  into  an- 
institution.  He  studied  theology  at  GOttingert 


[014] 


3V1UHLENBERG 


MUHLENBERG 


and  Halle  ;  was  ordained  to  the  Lutheran  ministry 
in  IT.'M),  and  \vas  ordered  a  deacon  in  the  church 
and  inspector  of  an  orphan  home.  He  was  sent 
as  a  missionary  to  German  Lutheran  congrega 
tions  in  Pennsylvania,  in  1742.  and  sailed  from 
London  for  Charleston,  S.C.,  and  thence  by  coast 
ing  vessel  to  Philadelphia.  He  soon  extended 
his  field  to  New  York.  New  Jersey  and  Maryland 
and  he  petitioned  his  patrons  for  young  and 
educated  Lutheran  clergymen.  They  sent  the 
Rev.  Peter  Brunnholtz  and  two  theological 
students,  and  in  a  few  years  the  Lutheran 
church  was  firmly  established  in  the  colonies.  He 
organized  the  first  Lutheran  synod  in  1748,  and 
arranged  friendly  relations  with  the  Swedish 
Lutherans  along  the  Delaware.  He  was  married, 
April  2'.},  1745,  to  Anna  Mary  daughter  of  J.  Con 
rad  Weiser,  the  famous  Indian  interpreter  of 
Tulpeholken,  Pa.  He  preached  in  New  York 
city  to  the  Dutch  and  German  congregations, 
1751-52  and  1739-00.  He  delivered  addresses  in 
German,  Dutch,  Latin  and  English.  The  first 
Lutheran  church  in  Philadelphia  was  dedicated 
in  1748,  and  in  170:2  he  reorganized  the  congrega 
tion  under  a  new  constitution  which  became  the 
model  of  the  Lutheran  congregations  subse 
quently  established.  At  the  outbreak  of  the  Rev 
olution  he  favored  the  American  cause.  He 
removed  to  Trappe,  Pa.,  in  1T70.  where  he  con 
tinued  to  preach  when  his  health  permitted.  On 
the  centennial  of  his  death,  exercises  were  held 
at  his  grave  at  Trappe.  See  Biographical 
Sketch  of  H.  I\[.  MuJileiiberg,  by  J.  G.  Christian 
Helmuth  (1788)  :  Memory  of  tlie  Life  and  Times 
of  H.M.  Muhlenberg,  D.D.,  by  Martin  L.  Stoever 
(1856)  ;  Autobiography  of  H.  M.  Muhlenberg 
edited  by  William  Germann  (1881)  ;  Life  and 
Times  of  H.  M.  Muhlenberg,  by  Win.  J.  Mann 
(1887).  He  died  at  Trappe,  Pa.,  Oct.  7,  1787. 

MUHLENBERG,  John  Peter  Gabriel,  patriot, 
was  born  in  Trappe  (then  New  Providence)  Pa., 
Oct.  1,  1746  ;  son  of  the  Rev.  Henry  Melchior  and 
Anna  Mary  (Weiser)  Muhlenberg.  He  attended 
the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1700-0-3,  but  did 
not  graduate,  and  studied  at  he  University  of 
Halle,  Germany,  irregularly,  1763-60.  While  in 
Germany  he  joined  a  regiment  of  dragoons.  He 
studied  theology  in  Philadelphia,  and  was  pastor 
of  Lutheran  churches.  New  Germantown  and 
Bedminster,  N.  J.  He  removed  to  Woodstock, 
Va.,  in  1773,  and  was  ordained  a  priest  of  the 
Church  of  England  in  order  to  take  charge  of  the 
parish  which  was  composed  mostly  of  Lutherans 
from  Pennsylvania.  '  He  was  chairman  of  the 
committee  of  safety  of  Shenandoah  county,  Va., 
and  a  member  of  the  house  of  burgesses  in  1774. 
In  1775  at  the  outbreak  of  the  Revolution  he  ac 
cepted  a  colonel's  commission  in  the  patriot  army. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  provincial  convention 


of  Virginia  in  1776,  was  put  in  command  of  the 
8th  Virginia  regiment,  known  as  the  "  German 
regiment,''  and  ordered  to  the  relief  of  Charleston, 
S.  C.  He  participated  in  the  battle  of  Fort  Moul- 
trie,  June  28,  1776 ;  was  promoted  brigadier- 
general  in  1777  ;  commanded  the  1st  brigade  of 
light  infantry  at  the  battles  of  Brandywine,  Ger- 
maiitown,  Monmouth.  Stony  Poin^;  and  Yorktown, 
and  was  commissioned  major-general  in  1783. 
Upon  the  disbandment  of  the  Continental  army 
he  returned  to  Pennsylvania  ;  was  elected  a  mem 
ber  of  the  supreme  executive  council  of  the  state, 
and  served  as  vice-president  of  the  council  in 
1785.  He  was  a  presidential  elector  in  1797  ;  was 
a  representative  in  the  1st,  2d  and  3d  congresses, 
1789-95,  and  in  the  6th  congress,  1799-1801  ;  was 
elected  to  the  U.  S.  senate  as  a  Democrat  in  1801, 
but  resigned  before  taking  his  seat  to  accept  a 
position  of  supervisor  of  revenue  tendered  him 
by  President  Jefferson.  He  was  collector  of  the 
port  of  Philadelphia,  1803-07.  He  was  married 
to  Anna  Barbara  Meyer  of  New  Jersey.  See 
"  Life  "  by  Henry  A.  Muhlenberg,  1849.  He  died 
near  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Oct.  1,  1807. 

MUHLENBERG,  William  Augustus,  educator, 
was  born  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Sept.  16,  1796  ;  son 
of  Henry  William  and  Mary  (Sheafe)  Muhlenberg, 
and  grandson  of  Frederick  Augustus  Conrad 
Muhlenberg  (q.  v.).  He  was  graduated  from  the 
University  of  Pennsylvania,  English  salutatorian, 
A.  B.  1815,  A.  M.  1818  ;  studied  theology  under 
Bishop  White ;  was  ordered  deacon  in  the 
Protestant  Episcopal  church,  Sept.  18,  1817,  and 
was  assistant  to  Bishop  White  in  Christ  church, 
Philadelphia.  He  was  ordained  priest,  Oct.  22, 
1822,  and  was  rector  of  St.  James's  church,  Lan 
caster,  Pa.,  1822-28.  He  established  the  first 
school  of  public  instruction  in  Pennsylvania  out 
side  of  Philadelphia,  and  in  1828  founded  a  school 
at  Flushing,  L.  I.,  which  in  1838  was  merged  in 
St.  Paul's  college.  He  was  rector  of  the  college, 
1828-46.  when  he  became  rector  of  the  Church  of 
the  Holy  Communion,  N.  Y.  city,  which  had  been 
erected  by  his  sister,  and  was  the  earliest  free 
Protestant  Episcopal  church.  On  St.  Luke's  day, 
1846,  he  devoted  half  of  the  offertory,  amounting 
to  $15.00,  to  be  a  nucleus  for  a  hospital  in  New 
York.  In  1850  the  hospital  (St.  Luke's)  was  in 
corporated  and  the  corner  stone  was  laid  in  1854 
on  the  block  fronting  Fifth  avenue  and  bounded 
by  Fifty-fourth  and  Fifty-fifth  streets,  and  in 
1858  the  building  was  ready  for  occupancy.  He 
was  pastor  and  superintendent  of  St.  Luke's  hos 
pital,  1859-77.  In  1852  lie  organized  the  first 
Protestant  sisterhood  in  the  United  States.  The 
sisters  subsequently  took  charge  of  St.  Luke's 
hospital.  In  1866  he  began  the  establishment  of  an 
industrial  Christian  settlement  on  Long  Island, 
which  he  named  St.  Johnland.  He  was  a  mem- 


MUIR 


MULDROW 


ber  of  the  committee  appointed  to  improve  the 
hymnology  for  use  in  Protestant  Episcopal  wor- 
sliip,  and  also  originated  the  Memorial  movement 
in  the  church.  The  honorary  degree  of  D.D.  was 
conferred  on  him  by  Columbia  college  in  1834. 
He  is  the  author  of:  Church  Poetry  (1823); 
Christian  Education  (1831)  :  Music  of  the  Church 
(1847)  ;  The  Peoples  Psalter  (1847)  ;  Letters  on 
Protestant  Sisterhoods  (1853)  ;  Family  Prayers 
(1861)  ;  St.  Johnland,  Ideal  and  Actual  (1867)  ; 
Christ  and  the  Bible  (1869)  :  The  Woman  and  her 
Accusers  (1870)  ;  "  /  Would  Xot  LiveAlway,"  with 
tlie  Story  of  the  Hymn  (1871)  ;  Evangelical  Catho 
lic  Papers,  Addresses,  Lectures  and  Sermons 
(3  vols.  1875-77) ,  and  several  hymns.  See  "  Life  " 
by  Anne  Ay  res,  and  by  the  Rev.  W.  W.  Newton, 
D.D.  He  died  in  New  York  city,  April  8.  1877. 

MUIR,  Jere  Taylor,  educator,  was  born  in 
Trimble  county,  Ky.  ;  son  of  Robert  and  Ann  M. 
(Bartlett)  Muir,  and  grandson  of  Robert  and 
Jane  Muir  and  of  William  and  Dicey  (Goode) 
Bartlett.  He  attended  the  public  schools,  a 
seminary  at  Mount  Zion,  111.,  and  the  Normal 
training  school,  Bloomington,  111.,  1870-73,  and 
was  graduated  from  La  Grange  college,  A.B., 
1877,  A.M.,  1880.  He  was  married,  Oct.  2,  1879, 
toElma,  daughter  of  Joseph  and  Elizabeth  (Pren- 
tiss)  Hay.  He  taught  in  public  schools,  in  La 
Grange  college  and  in  the  state  normal  school  at 
Kirkville,  Mo..  1887-94  ;  was  vice-president  of  the 
state  normal  school,  and  was  elected  president 
of  La  Grange  college  in  1896.  He  became  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Missouri  Academy  of  Science  in  1»94, 
and  was  president  of  the  State  Teachers'  associa 
tion  of  Missouri,  1894-95.  The  degree  of  LL.D. 
was  given  him  by  La  Grange  college  in  1896.  In 
addition  to  his  duties  as  president  of  the  college, 
he  managed  a  large  stock  farm.  He  is  the  author 
of :  Orthoepy  (1892)  and  several  works  on  school 
management,  methods  and  psychology  (MS. 
1902). 

MUIR,  John,  geologist  and  explorer,  was  born 
in  Dunbar,  Haddingtonshire,  Scotland,  April 
21,  1838;  son  of  Daniel  and  Anne  (Gilrye) 
Muir,  and  a  descendant  on  his  mothers  side 
of  the  Scotch  family  of  Gilderoy.  He  re 
ceived  a  good  preparatory  education,  and  in 
1849  the  family  immigrated  to  the  United 
States  and  settled  near  the  Fox  river  in  Wis 
consin.  John  helped  to  clear  the  land,  worked 
on  the  farm  and  attended  the  University  of  Wis 
consin,  1860-64,  paying  his  tuition  with  money 
earned  by  farming  and  school  teaching.  He 
made  extended  botanical  and  geological  excur 
sions  in  Wisconsin,  Indiana,  Michigan  and  Can 
ada,  and  in  the  southern  states.  On  account  of 
an  attack  of  malarial  fever  he  was  obliged  to  give 
up  a  contemplated  trip  to  the  headwaters  of  the 
Amazon  river,  South  America,  but  spent  a  month 


in  Cuba  and  a  short  while  on  the  Isthmus  of 
Panama,  and  in  1868  visited  the  Yosemite  valley, 
California,  exploring  and  examining  its  flora  and 
fauna.  He  lived  an  isolated  life  in  the  Sierra 
Nevada  mountains  for  ten  years,  exploring  the 
glacial  formations  ;  was  a  member  of  an  explor 
ing  expedition  connected  with  the  geodetic  sur 
vey  in  the  Great  Basin,  1876-79  ;  made  several 
trips  to  the  northwest  region,  and  while  in  Alaska 
discovered  the  Glacier  bay  and  the  great  Glacier 
which  bears  his  name.  He  also  made  a  trip 
to  the  headwaters  of  the  Yukon  and  McKenzie 
rivers,  and  in  1881  was  connected'with  one  of  the 
expeditions  to  search  for  the  lost  Jeannette  expe 
dition.  The  honorary  degree  of  A.M.  was  con 
ferred  on  him  by  Harvard  in  1896  and  that  of 
LL.D.  by  the  Wisconsin  State  university  in  1S97. 
He  was  married  in  1879  to  a  daughter  of  Dr.  John 
Strentzel  of  California.  He  edited  and  contributed 
to  Picturesque  California,  contributed  many 
articles  on  geological  and  botanical  subjects  to 
the  leading  magazines  and  is  the  author  of  :  The 
Mountains  of  California  (1894),  and  Our  National 
Parks  (1901). 

MULDOON,  Peter  James,  R.  C.  bishop,  was 
born  in  Columbia,  Cal.,  Oct.  10, 1863  ;  son  of  John 
J.  and  Catherine  (Coughlin)  Muldoon.  He  re 
ceived  his  primary  education  in  Stockton.  Cal.  : 
studied  the  classics  at  St.  Mary's  college,  Ky.  -r 
philosophy  and  theology  at  St.  Mary's  seminary, 
Baltimore.  Md..  and  was  ordained  priest.  Dec. 
18,  1886,  by  Bishop  Loughlin  in  the  cathedral, 
Brooklyn.  N.Y.  He  was  appointed  at  ordination 
to  serve  at  St.  Pius's  church.  Chicago,  111.,  and 
about  1888  was  appointed  chancellor  and  secre 
tary  of  the  diocese,  retaining  these  offices  until 
Oct.  25,  1895,  when  he  was  appointed  pastor  of  St. 
Charles  Borromeo?s  church.  He  was  appointed 
titular  bishop  of  Tamesus,  Cyprus,  and  auxiliary 
to  the  archbishop  of  Chicago.  June  11,  1901,  and 
was  consecrated  as  titular  bishop  of  Tamassensis 
and  auxiliary  to  Archbishop  Feehan  of  Chicago,  at 
Holy  Name  cathedral,  July  25,  1901,  by  Cardinal 
Martinelli,  assisted  by  the  Rt.  Rev.  Henry  Cos- 
grove,  D.D. ,  of  Davenport,  Iowa,  and  the  Rt. 
Rev.  James  Ryan,  D.D.,  of  Afton,  111. 

HULDROW,  Henry  Lowndes,  representative, 
was  born  in  Lowndes  county.  Miss.  He  was 
graduated  at  the  University  of  Mississippi.  A.B., 
1856,  and  LL.B.  in  1858,  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  1859  and  settled  in  practice  in  Starkville.  He 
served  in  the  Confederate  army,  1861-65,  rising 
from  private  to  colonel  of  cavalry.  He  was  dis 
trict  attorney  for  the  sixth  judicial  district  of 
Mississippi,  1869-71  ;  represented  Lowndes  county 
in  the  state  legislature  in  1875,  and  was  a  Demo 
cratic  representative  from  the  first  Mississippi 
district  in  the  45th.  46th  and  47th  congresses. 
1877-85.  He  was  first  assistant  secretary  of  the 
[616] 


MULFORD 


MULLANY 


U.S.  interior  department,  1885-89,  a  trustee  of  the 
University  of  Mississippi  and  a  delegate  to  the 
state  constitutional  convention  of  1890. 

HULFORD,  Elisha,  clergyman,  was  born  in 
Montrose,  Pa.,  Nov.  19,  1833  ;  son  of  Silvanus  Sand- 
ford  and  Fanny  (Jessup)  Mulford  ;  grandson  of 
Elisha  and  Damaris  Howell  (Sandford)  Mulford  of 
Orient,  L.I.,  of  Zebulon  and  Zeniah  (Hiintling) 
Jessup  of  Soutliampton,  L.I.,  and  a  descendant 
of  William  Mulford  of  Maidstone,  Kent  county, 
England,  who  settled  in  Salem,  Mass.,  and  as 
earl}*  as  1643  at  Southampton.  Long  Island,  N.Y., 
and  in  1649  at  Easthampton.  Long  Island.  Elisha 
Mulford  was  graduated  at  Yale,  A.B.,  18")-),  A.M., 
1838,  studied  law  under  the  Hon.  William  Jessup 
at  Montrose,  in  1856,  and  theology  at  the  Union 
theological  seminary.  Xe\v  York  city  in  1857,  and 
at  Andover  theological  seminary.  Andover,  Mass., 
1858--59.  He  was  a  student  at  the  universities  of 
Halle  and  Heidelberg,  Germany,  and  also  in  Italy, 
1859-60  ;  was  ordered  deacon  in  the  Protestant 
Episcopal  church  at  Middletown,  Conn.,  and  had 
temporary  charge  of  a  church  at  Darien,  Conn. 
He  was  married,  Sept.  ,17,  1863,  to  Rachel  P. 
Carmalt  of  Lakeside,  Pa.  He  was  ordained  priest 
by  Bishop  Odenheimer,  March  19,  1862  ;  was  rec 
tor  of  the  Church  of  the  Holjr  Communion  in 
South  Orange,  N.J.,  1862-04,  and  in  the  latter 
year  retired  from  his  church  labors,  settled  at 
Lakeside  near  Montrose.  Pa.,  and  engaged  in 
literary  work.  He  was  in  charge  of  a  mission  at 
Friendsville.  Susquehanna  county,  Pa.,  1877-81, 
and  in  1881  removed  to  Cambridge,  Mass.,  where 
he  served  as  a  lecturer  on  apologetics  and  theo 
logy  in  the  Episcopal  theological  school,  1881-85. 
He  received  the  degree  of  LL.D.  from  Yale  in 
1872.  He  is  the  author  of:  The  Nation,  The 
Foundation  of  Civil  Order  and  Political  Life  in 
the  United  States  (1870);  and  The  Republic  of 
God,  an  Institute  of  Theoloyy  (1881).  He  died  in 
Cambridge.  Mass.,  Dec.  9,  1885. 

flULLANY,  James  Robert  fladison,  naval 
officer,  was  born  in  Ne\v  York  city,  Oct.  26, 1818  ; 
son  of  Col.  James  R.  Mullany,  quarter-in  aster- 
general,  U.S.A.  He  entered  the  U.S.  navy  as 
midshipman,  Jan.  7.  1832  ;  was  promoted  passed 
midshipman.  June  23,  1838,  and  lieutenant,  Feb. 
29, 1844.  He  was  engaged  in  the  coast  survey  for 
deep  sea  soundings  and  observations  for  tempera 
ture  in  the  Gulf  Stream,  1844-47,  and  in  1847-48 
was  engaged  in  the  capture  of  the  city  of  Tabasco, 
Mexico,  June,  1847.  He  was  attached  to  the  St. 
Louis  and  the  Brandi/u'ine  of  the  Brazil  squadron, 
1848-50,  and  to  the  Hancock  on  the  coast  of  the 
United  States,  and  in  the  West  Indies  in  search  of 
filibustering  vessels,  1851.  He  served  on  the  Co 
lumbia  of  the  West  India  squadron.  1852-55  ;  was 
inspector  of  ordnance  at  the  New  York  navy 
yard,  1855-58 ;  executive  officer  of  the  Niagara, 


on  special  duty  on  the  coast  of  Africa  in  1858  •; 
of  the  Constellation,  1859.  and  of  the  Sabine,  West 
In  diasquadron,  1859-60.  He  commanded  succes 
sively  the  Sabine  and  Wyandotte  in  the  protec 
tion  of  Fort  Pickens,  and  the  storeship  Suj>j>l// 
off  Pensacola, 
1861,  and  was 
inspector  of 
ordnance,  1861- 
62.  He  was  pro- 
m  o  t  e  d  com 
mander,  Oct. 
18,  1861  ;  com- 
manded  the  Bienville  of  the  North  Atlantic  and 
West  Gulf  squadron,  1862-65,  and  the  Bienville 
was  almost  constantly  employed  in  making 
demonstrations  against  the  forts  located  in 
Charleston  Harbor,  and  those  at  other  ports 
on  the  southern  Atlantic  coasts  from  North 
Carolina  to  Florida.  He  Avas  also  alert  for 
blockade  runners,  and  captured  the  steamers 
Stetten  and  Patras,  each  sailing  under  the 
English  flag,  laden  with  munitions  of  war, 
in  1862  ;  captured  nine  schooners  from  Nassau, 
all  under  English  flags,  and  commanded  the 
division  of  the  Western  Gulf  squadron  from 
Sabine  Pass  to  Rio  Grande,  April  to  September, 
1863.  He  was  transferred  to  the  coirimand  of  the 
Oneida  by  Admiral  Farragut,  during  the  battle 
of  Mobile,  Aug.  5,  1864,  where  he  was  severely 
wounded,  and  was  inspector  in  charge  of  ordnance 
at  the  New  York  navy  yard,  1865-68.  He  was 
promoted  captain,  July  25,  1866 ;  commanded 
the  Richmond,  European  squadron,  1868-71 ;  was 
promoted  commodore,  Aug.  15, 1870  ;  commanded 
the  Mediterranean  squadron,  1870-71  ;  was  on 
court-martial  duty,  1871-72;  commanded  the 
Philadelphia  navy  yard,  1872-74,  and  the  naval 
station  at  League  Island,  1873-74.  He  was  pro 
moted  rear-admiral,  June  5.  1874  ;  commanded 
the  North  Atlantic  station,  1874-76  ;  served  at 
Aspinwall  with  his  flagship  and  one  other  vessel 
to  protect  American  interests  on  the  Isthmus, 
threatened  by  rebellion,  September-October,  1875, 
and  as  senior  officer  commanded  the  vessels  of 
the  South  Pacific  squadron  in  the  harbor  of 
Panama.  He  was  governor  of  the  Naval  Asylum 
at  Philadelphia,  1876-79,  and  in  1879  retired  and 
resided  in  Philadelphia.  He  died  at  Bryn  Mavvr, 
Pa.,  Sept.  17,  1887. 

MULLANY,  Patrick  John,  educator,  was  born 
in  Killemain,  county  Tipperary,  Ireland,  June 
29,  1847.  He  was  brought  to  the  United  States 
by  his  parents  in  1850,  and  was  educated  in  the 
Academy  of  the  Christian  Brothers,  Utica,  N.Y. 
He  joined  the  order  of  the  Christian  Brothers  in 
New  York  city  in  1862,  and  completed  his  classi 
cal  course  at  Rock  Hill  college,  Ellicott  City.  Md., 
in  1866.  He  received  the  religious  name  Brother 

7] 


MULLEN 


MULLINS 


Azarias  ;  was  professor  of  mathematics  and  Eng 
lish  literature  and  president  for  several  years,  in 
Rock  Mill  college,  1866-77,  and  visited  Europe 
18157-68,  where  lie  studied  French  and  English 
literature.  He  was  professor  of  rhetoric  and  Eng 
lish  literature  in  the  De  la  Salle  institute  in  New 
York  city,  1868-98  ;  was  one  of  the  founders  of 
the  Catholic  summer  school  at  Plattsburgh,  N.Y., 
and  a  lecturer  there.  He  also  lectured  on  '•  Psy 
chological  Aspects  of  Education"  before  the  re 
gents  of  the  University  of  the  State  of  New  York 
(1877);  on  "Literary  and  Scientific  Habits  of 
Thought''  before  the  International  congress  of 
education  at  the  New  Orleans  exposition  (1884); 
"  The  Relation  of  Church  and  State  "  before  the 
Fmmingham  School  of  Philosophy  (185)0);  ''Re 
ligion  in  Education"  before  the  New  York  State 
teachers  association  (1891),  and  read  papers  on 
"Dante"  and  "Aristotle"'  before  the  Concord 
School  of  Philosophy.  He  wrote  for  American  and 
European  magazines  and  reviews,  and  is  the  au 
thor  of:  Philosophy  of  History  (1874);  Develop 
ment  of  English  Thought  (1880);  Address  on 
Thinking  (1883);  Culture  of  the  Spiritual  Sense 
{ 1887) ;  Style  as  found  in  Herbert  Spencer's  Works  ; 
Phases  of  Thought  and  Criticism,  and  Aristotle 
and  the  Christian  Church.  He  had  in  preparation 
The  History  of  Education  from  the  Earliest  Ages 
to  the  Present  Day  and  a  History  .of  English  Litera 
ture.  He  died  at  Plattsburg,  N.Y.,  Aug.  20,  1893. 
MULLEN,  Tobias,  R.C.  bishop,  was  born  in 
the  parish  of  Urney,  near  Castlefin,  county 
Tyrone,  Ireland,  March  4,  1818  ;  son  of  Thomas 
and  Mary  (Travers)  Mullen.  He  attended  Castlefiii 
school,  and  Maynooth  college,  where  he  studied 
theology  and  received  minor  orders.  He  came 
to  the  United  States  with  Bishop  O'Connor(q.v.) 
of  Pittsburg,  Pa.,  who  was  returning  from  Rome 
after  consecration  in  1843 ;  finished  his  theolog 
ical  studies,  and  was  ordained  priest  by  Bishop 
O'Connor  in  St.  Paul's  Church,  Pittsburg,  Septem 
ber  1,  1844.  He  held  various  pastoral  charges  in 
the  diocese  of  Pittsburg  ;  was  transferred  to  the 
rectorship  of  St.  Peter's  church  at  Allegheny, 
Pa.,  in  1854,  and  served  as  vicar-general  of  the 
diocese  of  Pittsburg,  1834-68.  He  was  consecrated 
bishop  of  Erie,  Pa.,  in  St.  Paul's  church,  Pitts 
burg,  Aug.  2,  1868,  by  Bishop  Domenec,  assist 
ed  by  Bishops  Wood  and  Rappe.  The  Roman 
Catholic  population  of  his  diocese  increased  under 
his  administration  from  30,000  to  60,000;  the 
churches  from  fifty-five  to  ninety-nine,  and  the 
priests  from  thirty-five  to  seventy-three.  He  also 
built  a  college  at  Northwest,  Pa.,  and  established 
academies  for  young  ladies,  under  the  direction 
of  the  Benedictine  nuns  and  sisters  of  St.  Joseph. 
He  celebrated  the  silver  jubilee  of  his  consecra 
tion,  Aug.  2,  1893,  and  the  golden  jubilee  of  his 
ordination,  Sept.  9.  1894.  He  was  stricken  with 


paralysis  in  1897,  and  was  given  a  coadjutor  in 
the  person  of  Bishop  John  E.  Fitz  Maurice  in  1898. 
He  resigned,  Aug  10,  1899,  and  was  appointed  to 
the  titular  see  of  Germanicapolis. 

MULLIGAN,  James  A.,  soldier,  was  born  in 
Utica,  N.Y.,  June  25,  1830.  His  father,  a  native 
of  Ireland,  died  when  he  was  a  child,  and  in  1836 
his  mother  removed  to  Chicago,  111.,  where  she 
married  Michael  Lantry.  James  was  graduated 
at  the  University  of  St.  Mary's  of  the  Lake,  A.B., 
1850,  A.M.,  1853,  being  its  first  graduate.  He 
studied  law  in  the  office  of  Judge  Dickey  in 
Chicago,  1850-51;  accompanied  John  Lloyd  Ste 
phens  on  his  expedition  to  Panama  and  through 
South  America,  1851-52;  studied  law  under  J.  Y. 
Scammon  in  1852,  and  in  the  office  of  Arnold, 
Larned  &  Lay,  1852-54.  He  alsoedited  the  West 
ern  Tablet  in  1854,  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
November,  1855,  and  was  a  clerk  in  the  Interior 
department,  Washington,  D.C.,  1857-58.  He  was 
married  in  1858  to  Marian  Nugent  of  Chicago. 
He  practised  law  in  Chicago  with  his  former 
partner,  Henry  S.  Fitch,  1858-61.  He  was  a  priv 
ate,  lieutenant,  and  captain  in  the  Shield's  Guard, 
Chicago ;  raised  a  volunteer  Irish  regiment  in 
1861,  and  was  appointed  its  major.  The  regiment 
was  tendered  to  Governor  Yates,  who  refused  it, 
whereupon  Major  Mulligan  applied  to  Secretary 
Cameron,  who  gave  him  authority  to  raise  the 
23d  Illinois  volunteers,  and  it  was  mustered  into 
the  service,  June  15,  1861,  and  at  once  sent  to 
Missouri,  where  he  conducted  the  defense  of  Lex 
ington  for  nine  days  against  an  overwhelming 
force,  commanded  by  General  Sterling  Price.  The 
garrison  surrendered  September  20,  1861,  and  the 
offieersand  men  were  paroled,  with  the  exception 
of  Colonel  Mulligan  who  refused  to  sign  a  parole. 
He  was  exchanged  for  General  Frost.  November 
25,  1861,  and  returned  to  Chicago,  where  he  was 
received  and  feted  by  the  city  of  Chicago,  as  the 
hero  of  Lexington.  President  Lincoln  tendered 
him  a  commission  as  brigadier-general  of  volun 
teers  which  he  declined,  preferring  to  remain 
with  his  regiment.  He  was  ordered  into  West 
ern  Virginia  in  1862,  where  he  engaged  in  a  suc 
cession  of  dangerous  enterprises — and  although 
only  a  colonel,  was  charged  with  responsibilities 
generally  assumed  only  by  a  major-general.  He 
was  severely  wounded  at  the  battle  of  Winches 
ter,  Va.,  July  24,  1864,  and  was  being  borne  from 
the  field  by  his  men,  when  he  noticed  that  the 
colors  of  the  regiment  were  in  danger.  He  com 
manded  his  men  to  lay  him  down  and  save  the 
flag,  and  on  repeating  the  order  he  was  obeyed, 
captured  by  the  enemy,  and  died  within  their 
lines.  He  died  at  Winchester.  Va.,  July  26,  1864. 

MULLINS,  Edgar  Young,  educator,  was 
born  in  Franklin  county,  Miss.,  January  5.  1S60: 
son  of  Seth  Cranberry  and  Cornelia  B.  (Tillman) 


MUMFORD 


MUNGEN 


Mullins.  and  grandson  of  William  and  Sally  Mul- 
lins  and  of  Stephen  and  Aseneth  Tillman.  He 
attended  tlie  common  schools  of  Corsicana, 
Texas,  1870-76.  and  the  Agricultural  and  Mechan 
ical  college  of  Texas,  1876-79.  He  was  graduated 
from  the  Southern  Baptist  Theological  seminary 
iu  1885,  and  was  ordained  to  the  ministry  the 
same  year.  He  was  married,  June  2.  188(5,  to  Isla 
May.  daughter  of  A.  W.  and  L.  M.  Hawley  of 
Louisville,  Ky.  He  was  pastoi  of  churches  at 
Harrodsburgh,  Ky..  1885-88;  Baltimore.  Md.. 
1888-95,  and  at  Newton,  Mass.,  1896-99.  He 
edited  the  Evangel,  Baltimore.  Md..  1890-95, 
was  secretary  of  the  foreign  mission  board,  1895- 
96,  and  was  elected  president  of  the  Southern 
Baptist  Theological  seminary,  Louisville,  Ky.,  in 
1899.  He  received  the  honorary  degree  of  D.D. 
and  LL.D.  from  the  Southern  Baptist  Theological 
seminary. 

MUflFORD,  Paul,  jurist,  was  born  at  South 
Kingstown.  R.I.,  March  5,  1734  ;  son  of  William 
and  Hannah  (Latham)  Mumford ;  grandson  of 
Thomas  Mumford,  and  a  descendant  of  Thomas 
Mumford  who  settled  at  South  Kingstown,  then 
known  as  Pettaquamscut.  in  1657.  He  was  grad 
uated  from  Yale,  A.B.  1754,  A.M.  1786;  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar,  and  settled  in  Newport,  R.I. 
He  was  a  representative  in  the  general  assembly 
in  1774,  but  upon  the  occupancy  of  Newport  by 
the  British  retired  to  his  home  at  Barrington, 
Mass.  He  was  a  member  of  the  council  of  war, 
and  on  July  7,  1777.  was  appointed  with  Stephen 
Hopkins  and  William  Bradford  a  committee  to 
attend  a  convention  of  the  New  England  states 
held  at  Springfield,  Mass.,  to  provide  for  the  de 
fence  of  Rhode  Island,  and  to  discuss  the  currency 
question  in  view  of  the  circulation  of  depreciated 
paper  money.  He  was  judge  of  the  court  of 
common  pleas,  1777-78  ;  judge  of  the  superior 
court,  1778-81  ;  a  representative  in  the  general 
assembly,  1779-81.  and  chief  justice  of  Rhode 
Island.  1781-85  and  1786-88.  He  was  state  sena 
tor,  1801-0:},  lieutenant  governor.  1803-05,  and 
upon  the  death  of  Gov.  Arthur  Fenner,  Oct.  15, 
1805  became  acting  governor  but  served  only  a 
few  days,  when  he  died  and  was  succeeded  by 
Senator  Henry  Smith. 

MUNDY,  Ezekiel  Wilson,  clergyman  and 
librarian,  was  born  in  Metuchen,  N.J. ,  June  16, 
1833  ;  son  of  Luther  Bloomfield  and  Frances 
Eliza  (Martin)  Mundy,  and  grandson  of  Ezekiel 
and  Lovicy  Mundy.  and  of  Dr.  William  and 
Sarah  (Elston)  Martin.  He  attended  the  academy 
at  Essex,  Conn.,  and  was  graduated  from  the 
Rochester  university,  A.B.  I860,  A.M.  1863,  and 
from  the  Rochester  Theological  seminary  in  1863. 
He  was  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist  church  at 
Syracuse,  1863-66.  In  1866  he  helped  to  organize 
an  independent  church  of  which  he  was  pastor 


until  1879.  He  was  married.  Jan.  15.  1873.  to 
Emily,  daughter  of  Horace  and  Emily  (King) 
Kendall  of  Suffield.  Conn.  In  1882  he  was  con 
firmed  in  the  Protestant  Episcopal  church.  He 
was  admitted  to  the  diaconate  the  same  year  and 
to  the  priesthood  in  1884,  and  was  rector  of  St. 
Mark's  church,  Syracuse,  N.Y.,  1883-94.  He  was 
appointed  librarian  of  the  Syracuse  Central  library 
in  1880  ;  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Historical 
society  of  Onondaga  county.  N.Y.,  in  1870,  and 
of  the  Syracuse  Historical  and  Genealogical 
society  in  1898. 

MUNDY,  Johnson  Marchant,  sculptor,  was 
born  near  New  Brunswick.  N.J..  May  13,  1832  ; 
son  of  Frederick  and  Mary  (Marchant)  Mundy  ; 
grandson  of  Henry  and  Humy  (Ayers)  Mundy  of 
Metuchen,  N.J.,  and  a  descendant  of  Nicholas 
Mundy  who  settled  in  Metuchen  about  1665.  His 
parents  removed  to  Geneva,  N.Y  ,  and  he  early 
evinced  a  talent  for  art  and  began  to  study  draw 
ing  in  crayons  in  1844.  He  later  removed  to  New 
York  city,  and  engaged  in  marble  cutting  until 
1854,  when  he  entered  the  studio  of  Henry  K. 
Brown,  the  sculptor,  to  learn  to  model  in  clay. 
He  supported  himself  by  making  crayon  por 
traits  during  his  student  da}rs,  and  in  1858  re 
ceived  an  order  to  model  a  bust  in  marble  of 
President  Benjamin  Hale  of  Hobart  college.  He 
settled  in  Rochester,  N.Y.,  in  1863,  and  there  es 
tablished  the  first  drawing  school  and  life  class. 
He  made  his  home  in  Rochester  until  1883,  and 
during  that  time  modeled  many  busts,  statuettes 
and  medallions.  He  became  almost  blind-in  1883, 
and  removed  to  Tarrytown,  where  he  accom 
plished  his  most  important  works.  These  con 
sisted  of  the  statue  placed  on  the  Soldiers'  monu 
ment  in  Sleepy  Hollow  cemetery,  Tarrytown,  by 
the  Grand  Army  veterans  in  1890,  for  which  lie 
offered  his  service  free,  and  the  heroic  statue  of 
Washington  Irving,  completed  in  1891,  which 
represented  the  author  seated  in  an  arm-chair. 
This  latter  was  executed  almost  wholly  through 
his  sense  of  touch.  Among  his  more  notable 
busts  are  those  of  Bishop  William  II.  De  Lancey  ; 
President  Martin  B.  Anderson  ;  Dr.  Chester 
Dewey  ;  Frederick  Douglas,  and  Dr.  W.  W.  Ely. 
He  died  in  Tarrytown,  N.Y.,  Aug.  16,  1897. 

nUNQEN,  William,  representative,  was  born 
at  Baltimore,  Md.,  May  12,  1821  ;  son  of  John  and 
Margaret  (McFarland)  Mungen  ;  grandson  of 
Donald  and  Elizabeth  (McGraw)  Mungen  and  of 
Matthew  and  Fanny  (Black)  McFarland,  and  a  de 
scendant  of  Robert  and  Mary  (Kearns)  Mungen. 
He  removed  with  his  parents  to  a  farm  in  Ohio 
in  1830,  attended  the  public  school  in  winter  and 
studied  Latin,  German  and  the  physical  sciences 
at  home.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  and 
practised  in  Findlay,  Ohio,  where  he  published 
and  edited  the  Democratic  Courier  for  several 


[010] 


HUNGER 


MUNKO 


years.  He  was  auditor  for  Hancock  county, 
1846-50,  and  a  member  of  the  state  senate,  1852- 
54,  and  declined  renomination.  He  was  a  dele 
gate  to  the  Democratic  national  convention  at 
Cincinnati,  Ohio,  in  1856,  to  the  Charleston,  S.C., 
and  Baltimore,  Md.,  conventions  in  1860,  and  to 
the  Union  national  convention  at  Philadelphia, 
Pa.,  in  1866.  He  assisted  in  raising  the  21st  Ohio 
volunteers  for  three  months'  service,  entering  the 
Union  army  in  July,  1861,  as  colonel  of  the  57th 
Ohio  volunteers,  which  regiment  he  raised  and 
with  which  he  served  in  the  Army  of  the  Tennes 
see.  He  was  complimented  by  General  Sherman 
for  bravery  at  Shiloh,  April  6,  1862,  and  for 
his  action  in  an  encounter  with  Porter's  cavalry 
at  Morning  Sun,  Tenn.  In  1863  he  resigned  on 
account  of  ill-health.  On  recovering  he  was  ap 
pointed  state  agent  to  visit  the  Ohio  troops  in  the 
Department  of  Tennessee  with  poll  books  and 
tally  sheets  and  in  1864  performed  the  same  duty 
for  the  Ohio  troops  in  the  Army  of  the  Potomac. 
He  held  several  local  offices  in  Findlay  and  was  a 
Democratic  representative  from  the  fifth  Ohio 
district  in  the  40th  and  4lst  congresses,  1867-71. 
He  died  at  Findlay,  Ohio,  Sept.  9,  1887. 

MUNGER,  Theodore  Thornton,  clergyman, 
was  born  in  Bainbridge,  N.Y.,  March  5,  1830  ;  son 
of  Ebenezer  and  Cynthia  (Selden)  Munger, 
grandson  of  Ebenezer  Munger  of  Madison,  Conn., 
and  of  the  Rev.  David  and  Cynthia  (May)  Selden 
of  Middle  Hoddam,  Conn.;  great  grandson  of 
the  Rev.  Eleazer  and  Sybil  (Hunting-ton)  May, 
and  a  descendant  from  Nicholas  Munger,  a  first 
settler  of  Madison,  Conn.,  1639,  and  also  a  lineal 
descendant  of  John  Eliot  the  apostle.  He  was 
graduated  at  Yale,  A.B.,  1851,  and  at  the  Yale 
Divinity  school  in  1855 ;  was  ordained  to  the 
ministry  of  the  Congregational  church  and  was 
pastor  of  a  church  in  Dorchester,  Mass.,  1856-60  ; 
at  Haverhill,  Mass.,  1862-70,  and  at  Lawrence, 
Mass.,  1870-75.  In  1875  he  went  to  California  for 
his  health  and  established  a  church  at  San  Jose, 
where  he  served  as  pastor  until  1876.  He  was 
pastor  of  the  church  at  North  Adams,  Mass., 
1877-85,  and  of  the  United  church  at  New  Haven, 
Conn.,  from  1885  until  1900,  when  he  resigned  and 
became  pastor  emeritus.  He  received  the  degree 
of.D.D.  from  Illinois  college  in  1883  and  was  made 
a  fellow  of  Yale,  June  27,  1887.  He  was  married, 
first  in  1864,  to  Elizabeth  K.,  daughter  of  the 
Hon.  James  H.  Duncan  of  Haverhill,  Mass.,  and 
secondly  in  1889  to  Harriet  K.,  daughter  of  John  C. 
Osgood  of  Salem,  Mass.  He  contributed  essays  to 
magazines  and  reviews  and  is  the  author  of  :  On 
the  Ttireshold  (1881)  ;  The  Freedom  of  Faith 
(1883) ;  Lamps  and  Paths  (1885)  ;  The  Appeal  to 
Life  (1887)  ;  Character  through  Inspiration 
(London,  1896),  all  of  which  volumes  are  chiefly 
collections  of  lectures  and  sermons  ;  Plain  Living 


and  High  Thinking  (1897),  and  Horace  Bushnell 
(1899). 

flUNKITTRICK,  Richard  Kendall,  author,  was 
born  in  Manchester,  England,  March  5,  1853  ;  son 
of  Richard  and  Augusta  (Thorburn)  Munkittrick. 
He  attended  Union  Hall  academy,  Jamaica,  N.Y., 
Dr.  Stougliton's  academy,  Summit,  N.J.,  and  the 
public  schools,  and  engaged  in  literary  work. 
He  was  married,  July  5,  1883,  to  Jeannette  Agnes 
Turner.  He  contributed  articles  in  prose  and 
verse  to  the  leading  periodicals,  was  a  member 
of  the  editorial  staff  of  Puck,  1881-89,  and  on 
Sept.  1,  1901,  assumed  the  editorship  of  Judge. 
His  articles  are  chiefly  humorous  and  include  : 
Farming  (1891)  ;  The  Moon  Prince  and  other 
Nabobs  (1893)  ;  The  New  Jersey  Arabian  Nights 
(1893)  ;  The  Acrobatic  Muse,  verse  (1896)  ;  The 
Slambangaree  (1898). 

MUNN,  Orson  Desaix,  publisher,  was  born  in 
Monson,  Mass.,  June  11,  1824  ;  son  of  Rice  and 
Lavinia  (Shaw)  Munn  ;  grandson  of  Reuben  and 
Hannah  Mun,  and  a  descendant  of  Benjamin 
Mun  who  in  1637  was  a  resident  of  Hartford, 
Conn.,  and  that  year  joined  an  expedition  against 
the  Pequot  Indians  and  was  at  the  attack  on  the 
fort  at  Groton,  Conn.,  where  a  great  number  were 
killed.  Benjamin  Mun  served  in  the  army,  fight 
ing  Indians  until  he  was  exempted  from  military 
service  on  account  of  his  old  age,  in  1665.  Orson  D. 
Munn  was  graduated  at  Monson  academy  in  1840  ;. 
was  a  clerk  in  a  book  store  at  Springfield,  Mass., 
1840-42,  and  a  clerk  in  a  country  store  in  Monson, 
Mass.,  1843-46.  He  removed  to  New  York  city 
in  1846,  and  in  connection  with  Alfred  E.  Beach, 
a  former  schoolmate,  purchased  the  Scientific 
American,  then  six  months  old,  from  Rufus 
Porter,  the  founder,  for  less  than  $1000.  It  was 
soon  placed  on  a  paying  basis  by  the  new  firm  of 
Munn  &  Co.  They  established  the  Scientific 
American  Supplement  in  1876,  and  an  Architect 
and  Builders'1  edition  in  1885.  The  publishing 
house  which  Mr.  Munn  founded  in  1846  estab 
lished  offices  in  New  York  and  Washington  in 
1850,  procuring  letters  patents  for  new  inventions, 
and  more  than  150,000  cases  passed  through  their 
agency  before  1902.  The  following  well-known 
inventors  were  among  their  many  noted  clients  : 
Prof.  S.  F.  B.  Morse,  Elias  Howe,  Thomas  Blan- 
chard,  A.  B.  Wilson,  Peter  Cooper,  Commodore 
Stevens,  Cyrus  H.  McCormick,  R.  J.  Gatiing  and 
R.  P.  Parrot.  Mr.  Munn  was  married  in  August, 
1849,  to  Julia  Augusta,  daughter  of  Plin  Allen  of 
Monson,  Mass.,  and  their  sons,  Henry  M.  and 
Charles  Allen,  after  leaving  school,  entered  the 
offices  of  Munn  &  Co.,  where  they  became  im 
portant  factors. 

HUNRO,  Wilfred  Harold,  educator,  was  born 
in  Bristol,  R.I.,  Aug.  20,  1849  ;  son  of  John  Ben 
nett  and  Abby  Howland  (Batt)  Munro ;  grand- 

1620] 


MUNROE 


MUNROE 


son  of  Bennett  and  Lucy  (Abel)  Munro  and  of 
James  and  Hannah  (Waldron)  Batt,  and  a  descen 
dant  maternally  from  Mary  Chilton,  and  from 
Richard  Warren,  both  of  whom  came  over  in  the 
Mayflower.  He  attended  the  Bristol,  R.I.,  high 
school  and  the  Walnut  Hill  school  at  Geneva, 
N.Y.,  graduated  from  Brown  university,  A.B., 
1870,  A.  M.,  1873,  was  a  graduate  student  at  Frei 
burg  university,  Germany,  and  at  the  University 
of  Heidelberg,  Germany.  He  was  president  of  De 
Veaux  college,  Suspension  Bridge,  N.Y.,  1881-89  ; 
in  1891  was  elected  associate  professor  of  history 
and  director  of  the  university  extension  in  Brown 
university,  and  was  subsequently  made  professor 
of  European  history.  He  became  a  member  of 
the  American  Philological  association  in  1879  ; 
the  American  Historical  association  in  1898  ; 
corresponding  member  of  the  Rhode  Island  His 
torical  society  in  1882,  and  was  elected  secretary 
of  the  Rhode  Island  Historical  society  in  1900. 
He  married.  Dec.  28,  1875,  Susan  Wilkinson, 
(laughter  of  the  Rev.  Daniel  Le  Baron  and  Re 
becca  (Wilkinson)  Goodwin.  He  is  the  author 
of:  History  of  Bristol,  Rhode  Island  (1880);  and 
Picturesque  Rhode  Island  (1881). 

MUNROE,  Charles  Edward,  chemist,  was 
born  in  Cambridge,  Mass..  May  24,  1849;  son  of 
Enoch  and  Emeline  Elizabeth  (Russell)  Munvoe  ; 
grandson  of  William  and  Lucy  (Frost)  Munroe, 
and  of  Edward  and  Elizabeth  (Abbot)  Russell, 

and  a  descendant  of 
William  Munroe, 
born  in  Scotland  in 
1625,  settled  in  Lex 
ington,  Mass.,  in  1657. 
He  was  graduated  at 
Harvard,  S.B.,  summa 
cum  latide,  1871,  and 
after  serving  as  as 
sistant  to  Professor 
Wolcott  Gibbs,  was 
senior  assistant  in 
chemistry  at  Harv 
ard.  1871-74.  He  con 
ducted  the  summer 
school  of  instruc 
tion  in  chemistry  at 

Cambridge,  Mass.,  in  1872-74,  and  lectured  on 
chemistry  at  the  Boston  Dental  college,  1873-74. 
He  was  professor  of  chemistry  at  the  U.S.  Naval 
academy,  Annapolis,  Md.,  1874-86,  lectured  in 
St.  John's  college,  Annapolis,  1883-84,  and  was 
chemist  to  the  torpedo  corps  at  the  U.S.  naval 
torpedo  station  and  war  college,  Newport,  R.I., 
1886-92.  He  was  Lowell  Institute  lecturer, 
Boston,  Mass.,  1890;  professor  of  chemistry  at 
Columbian  university,  Washington,  D.C. ,  from 
1892,  being  dean  of  the  Corcoran  Scientific  school, 
1892-99,  and  dean  of  the  School  of  Graduate 


Studies  from  1893.  He  was  an  authority  on  ox- 
plosives,  invented  a  smokeless  powder  in  1890, 
and  his  researches  on  the  subject  of  explosives 
appeared  in  scientific  journals  in  the  United 
States  and  Europe.  He  started  the  mineral  cabi 
net  at  the  U.S.  NaATal  academy  during  his  service 
there  and  established  a  post  graduate  course  for 
naval  officers  at  the  Smithsonian  Institution.  He 
was  appointed  by  Presidents  Arthur,  Cleveland 
and  Harrison,  a  member  of  the  assay  commission 
to  test  the  United  States  coinage  ;  served  on  the 
U.S.  coast  and  geodetic  survey  in  1882  to  examine 
the  oyster-bearing  waters  of  Chesapeake  bay, 
was  a  special  agent  of  the  U.S.  census  of  1880  to 
report  on  the  building  stones  of  Maryland  and 
Virginia,  was  vice-president  of  the  board  of  visi 
tors  to  the  U.S.  Naval  academy,  1898,  and  expert 
special  agent  of  the  U.S.  census  of  1900  on  the 
chemical  industries  of  the  United  States.  He  was 
decorated  in  1901  by  the  Sultan  of  Turkey  as  com 
mandant  of  the  order  of  the  Med  jidji,  and  in  Octo 
ber,  1900,  was  designated  by  the  Royal  Academy 
of  Science  of  Stockholm,  Sweden,  to  nominate 
American  inventors  and  discoverers  in  the  science 
of  chemistry  desiring  to  compete  for  the  Nobel 
prizes,  provided  by  the  will  of  Alfred  Nobel, 
the  inventor  of  dynamite.  He  was  secretary, 
treasurer  and  corresponding  secretary  of  the 
U.S.  Naval  institute  ;  vice-president  of  the  chem 
ical  section  of  the  American  Association  for 
the  Advancement  of  Science  ;  president  of  the 
Washington  (D.C.)  Chemical  society;  president 
of  the  American  Chemical  society  ;  fellow  of  the 
American  Academy  of  Sciences,  and  a  member  of 
the  American  Philosophical  society,  the  Amer 
ican  Institute  of  Mining  Engineers,  and  of  the 
Washington  Academy  of  Science.  He  was  also 
a  fellow  of  the  Berlin  and  London  chemical  socie 
ties  and  of  the  Society  of  Chemical  Industry  of 
England.  He  received  the  degree  of  Ph.D.  at 
Columbian  university  in  1894.  He  was  married 
in  1883  to  Mary  Louise,  daughter  of  Prof.  George 
F.  Barker  of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania.  He 
is  the  author  of  over  100  papers  on  chemistry  and 
explosives  ;  of  Notes  on  the  Literature  of  Explo 
sives,  published  periodically,  1882-1898  ;  of  an  In 
dex  to  the  Literature  of  Explosives  (Part  I,  1886, 
Part  II,  1893)  ;  Lectures  on  Chemistry  and  Explo 
sives  (1888),  and  of  a  Catechism  of  Explosives 
(1888). 

flUNROE,  Kirk,  author,  was  born  near  Prairie 
du  Chien,  Wis.,  Sept.  15,  1850;  son  of  Charles 
and  Susan  (Hall)  Munroe  ;  grandson  of  Edmund 
and  Sophia  (Seawell)  Monroe,  and  of  Isaac  and 
Susan  (Mitchell)  Hall,  all  of  Boston,  Mass.,  and 
a  descendant  of  William  Munroe  of  Lexington, 
Mass.,  1651.  There  were  fifteen  Monroes  in  the 
battle  of  Lexington,  and  one  of  them  fired  the 
first  shot.  The  first  man  killed  was  a  Munroe. 
[6211 


MUNSELL 


Kirk  attended  the  public  schools  at  Appleton. 
Wis.,  and  Cambridge,  Mass.,  and  matriculated  at 
Harvard,  but  did  not  graduate.  He  was  married, 
•Sept.  15,  1883,  to  Mary,  daughter  of  Robert  and 
Amelia  Edith  (Huddleston)  Barr.  He  founded 
the  League  of  American  Wheelmen,  at  Newport, 
R.I. ,  May  81,  1880,  and  was  for  five  years  commo 
dore  of  the  New  York  Canoe  club.  He  was  the 
first  editor  of  Harper's  Round  Table,  1879-82,  and 
also  edited  "  Eminent  Men  of  our  Time."  His 
published  books  include:  Wakulla  (1886);  The 
Flamingo  Feather  (1887) ;  Derrick  Sterling  (1888) ; 
Chrystal  Jack  &  Co  and  Delta  Bixby  (1889)  ;  The 
Golden  D;tys  of  '4'.)  (1889)  ;  Dorymates  (1890)  ; 
Under  Orders  (1890)  ;  Prince  Dusty  (1891) ;  Camp- 
mates  (1891);  Canoemates  (1892);  Cab  and  Ca 
boose  (1892)  ;  Raft  mates  (1893)  ;  The  White  Con 
querors  (1893);  The  Coral  Ship  (1893)  ;  The  Fur 
Sears  Tooth  (1894)  ;  Big  Cypress  (1894)  ;  Snow 
Shoes  and  Sledges  (1895)  ;  At  War  with  Pontiac 
(1895);  Rick  Dale  (189G)  ;  Tlirough  Swamp  and 
Glade,  (1896);  The  Painted  Desert  (1897);  With 
Crockett  and  Bowie  (1897)  ;  Ready  Rangers 
(1897);  The  Copper  Princess  (1898);  In  Private 
Waters  (1898):  Shine-  Terrill  (1899);  Fonvard, 
March  (1899);  Midshipman  Stuart  (1899)  ;  Breth 
ren  of  the  Coast  (1900)  ;  Under  the  Great  Bear 
(1900)  ;  The  Belt  of  Seven  Totems  (1901),  and  A 
Son  of  Satsuma  (1901). 

flUNSELL,  Joel,  publisher,  was  born  at  North- 
field,  Mass.,  April  13,  1808  ;  son  of  Joel  and 
Cynthia  (Paine)  Munsell,  grandson  of  Hezekiah 
and  Irene  (Bissell)  Munsell,  and  a  descendant  of 
Thomas  Munsell,  who  emigrated  from  England 
to  New  London,  Conn.,  about  1680.  He  was  ed 
ucated  in  the  public  schools  of  Northfield,  Mass., 
and  learned  the  wheelwright's  trade  under  his 
father,  and  the  printer's  trade  in  Greenfield,  Mass., 
where  he  became  foreman  of  the  office.  He  was 
employed  as  clerk  in  John  Denio's  book-store  in 
Albany,  N.Y.,  in  1827,  and  subsequently  became 
manager  of  the  business,  but  resigned  and  en 
gaged  as  a  printer.  He  established  the  Albany 
Minerva,  in  1828,  and  issued  eight  numbers  ;  was 
employed  in -various  newspaper  offices,  1828-34, 
and  in  1834  became  associated  with  Henry  D. 
Stone  in  publishing  the  Microscope.  He  pur 
chased  a  job  printing  office  in  Albany  in  1836, 
and  engaged  in  publishing  reference  papers, 
pnmphlets  and  books.  He  published  and  edited 
the  New  York  Mechanic,  a  Whig  campaign  paper, 
1841-43,  and  began  to  publish  The  Lady's  Maga 
zine,  Tlie  Northern  Star  and  The  Freeman's  Ad 
vocate  in  1812;  The  Spectator,  n  religious  paper, 
in  1844  ;  the  Guard  and  Odd  Fellows'  Journal  in 
1845,  and  afterward,  successively,  the  Unionist, 
the  State  Register,  the  Typographical  Miscellany, 
the  New  York  Teacher,  the  Albany  Morning  Ex 
press  and  the  Albany  Daily  Statesman.  He  also 


published  Webster's  Almanac,  and  the  Netr  F.ng- 
land  Historical  and  Genealogical  Register,  1S61- 
64.  He  made  a  study  and  collection  of  works  on 
the  art  of  printing,  part  of  which  was  purchased 
by  the  New  York  state  library,  and  projected, 
edited  and  annotated  an  "  Historical  Series,"  that 
proved  of  great  benefit  to  historical  literature. 
He  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Albany  insti 
tute  and  for  many  years  published  its  Proceed 
ings.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Connecticut  His 
torical  society  and  of  the  New  England  Historic 
Genealogical  society  ;  corresponding  member  of 
the  New  York,  Iowa,  Maine,  Vermont,  Buffalo, 
Western  Reserve  and  Oneida  historical  societies  ; 
an  honorary  member  of  the  Wisconsin,  Pennsyl 
vania,  New  Jersey  and  Licking  county,  Ohio,  his 
torical  societies.  He  was  also  an  honorary  mem 
ber  of  the  American  Antiquarian  society,  a  corre 
sponding  member  of  the  Numismatic  and  Anti 
quarian  Society  of  Philadelphia  and  of  the  New 
York  Genealogical  and  Biographical  society.  He 
was  twice  married  ;  first,  June  17,  1 834,  to  Jane  C. 
Bigelow,  and  secondly,  Sept.  4,  1856,  to  Mary  A., 
daughter  of  Alexander  and  Sarah  (Sparrow)  Reid, 
of  Montreal.  His  son,  Frank  Munsell,  born  June 
19.  1857,  succeeded  him  as  Joel  Munsell's  Son, 
editing :  Genealogical  Index  (1885)  ;  American 
Ancestry  (1887-1900)  :  American  Genealogist 
(1'JOO)  ;  is  the  author  of  :  "  Bibliography  of  Albany 
and  Munsell  Genealogy,"  and  retired  from  busi 
ness  in  1900.  Joel  Munsell  is  the  author  of  :  Out 
lines  of  the  History  of  Printing  (1839)  ;  Annals  of 
Albany  (10  vols..  1849-59)  ;  Every-Day  Book  of 
History  and  Chronology  (1856) ;  Chronology  of 
Paper  and  Paper  Making  (1857,  enlarged  1864  and 
1870),  and  A  Manual  of  the  1st  Lutheran  Church 
of  Albany  from  1 '070  till  1870  (1871).  He  died  in 
Albany,  N.Y.,  Jan.  15,  1880. 

MUNSEY,  Frank  Andrew,  publisher,  was  born 
in  Mercer,  Maine,  Aug.  21,  1854  ;  son  of  Andrew 
C.  and  Mary  J.  (Hopkins)  Munsey.  After  attend 
ing  the  district  school  lie  became  a  clerk  in  a 
country  store  ;  learned  telegraphy,  and  became  the 
manager  of  the  Western  Union  office  in  Augusta, 
Maine.  In  1882  he  established  the  Golden  Argosy, 
a  boys'  paper  in  New  York  city  and  issued  i,t 
weekly,  changing  to  the  monthly  Argosy,  and  in 
1898  purchasing  Peterson's  Magazine  established 
in  1842  and  combining  it  with  the  Argosy.  He 
established  Mnnsey's  Weekly  in  February,  1889, 
connected  it  with  Munsey's  Magazine  in  October, 
1891,  reduced  the  price  in  October,  1893,  to  ten 
'cents  and  was  obliged  to  organize  his  own  news 
company  to  distribute  it,  which  he  did  so  success 
fully  that  it  became  the  largest  circulating  maga 
zine  in  the  United  States.  He  established  the 
Puritan,  January,  1897,  and  in  October,  1898, 
merged  with  it  Godey's  Magazine  founded  in 
1830.  He  established  The  Quaker  in  Nover.iber. 


[622] 


MUNSON 


MURDOCH 


1897,  aiul  changed  the  name  to  The  Junior  Jltin- 
sey  in  April,  1900,  merging  with  it  the  Puritan, 
in  April,  1901.  He  purchased  the  Washington, 
Times  and  the  New  York  Daily  News  in  1901  as 
the  foundation  of  a  proposed  chain  of  daily  news 
papers  to  cover  the  large  cities  of  the  United 
States.  He  is  the  author  of  :  Ajloat  in  tlte  Great 
L'ily  (1XH7)  :  The  B:>y  Broker  (1SS«)  ;  A  Tragedy 
of  Errors  (IXM)  :  Under  Fire  (1890),  and  Derring- 
fortli  (1*94). 

MUNSON,  Thomas  Volney,  viticulturist,  was 
born  near  Astoria,  111.,  Sept.  26,  1843;  son  of 
William  and  Maria(Linley)  Munson.  and  grandson 
of  Theodore  and  Lydia  (Pliilbrook)  Munson  and 
of  Joseph  and  Savella  (Benjamin)  Linley.  Theo 
dore  Munson  was  the 
son  of  Richard  Man- 
son,  the  son  of  John 
Manson,  Jr.,  the  son 
of  John  Manson,  Sr., 
the  son  of  Capt. 
Richard  Manson,  who 
was  a  Scotch  sea 
captain,  of  a  titled 
Scotch  family,  and 
who  settled  in  Ports 
mouth,  N.  H.  about 
1661.  The  name 
became  changed  in 
spelling  in  the  fam 
ily  of  Richard  Man- 
son,  his  great-grand 
father.  Thomas  Volney  Munson  was  brought 
up  on  a  farm,  attended  Futton  seminary  and 
Bryant  &  Stratton's  business  college,  taught 
school  in  Illinois  three  years,  was  graduated  from 
Kentucky  university,  B.  S.,  1870,  and  filled  the 
chair  of  science  there,  1870-71.  He  was  married 
in  1870  to  Ellen  Scott,  daughter  of  C.  S.  Bell, 
florist,  Lexington.  Ky.  He  resided  in  Lincoln, 
Neb.,  1873-76,  and  then  settled  in  Denison, 
Texas,  as  a  nurseryman  and  originator  of  im 
proved  fruits,  especially  grapes.  He  received  the 
degree  of  M.  Sc.  from  the  State  Agricultural  and 
Mechanical  college,  Ky.  in  1883  for  a  thesis  on 
"  Forests  arid  Trees  of  Texas."  and  in  1888  he  re 
ceived  a  diploma  and  decorations  of  the  Legion 
of  Honor,  with  the  title  "  Chevalier  du  Merite 
Agricole,"  for  aid  to  France  in  viticulture.  He 
became  known  for  his  careful  botanical  classifi 
cation  and  hybridization  of  grapes  of  which  he 
produced  many  hundreds  of  much  merit.  He 
was  elected  a  member  of  the  leading  American 
agricultural,  horticultural  and  pomologieal  socie 
ties  ;  of  the  American  Academy  of  Social  and 
Political  Science,  of  the  American  Association  for 
the  Advancement  of  Science  and  of  the  National 
Agricultural  association  of  France.  He  is  the 
author  of:  Grape  Culture  in  the  South  and  Hor- 


ticulttire  in  Te.wts  in  "  Cyclopaedia  of  American 
Horticulture";  "Bulletin  5f> ''  on  Investigation 
and  Improvement  of  American  Grapes,  Texas  ex 
perimental  station  (1900)  ;  a  monograph  American 
Grapes,  with  natural  size  color  plates  of  all  native 
species  for  the  department  of  agriculture  (1889) 
and  numerous  articles  on  horticultural  subjects 
for  leading  agricultural  journals  in  the  United 
States  and  France. 

MURDOCH,  James  Edward,  actor,  was  born 
in  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Jan.  25,  181 1  ;  son  of  Thomas 
and  Elizabeth  Murdoch.  Thomas  Murdoch  was 
a  bookbinder  by  trade  and  a  volunteer  officer  of 
artillery  during  the  war  of  1812-15.  James  Ed 
ward  learned  the  bookbinder's  trade  and  early 
joined  an  association  of  amateur  actors,  and 
appeared  as  Glenalvon  in  '•  Douglas."  He  studied 
elocution  under  Lemuel  G.  White  and  the  science 
of  the  human  voice  under  Dr.  James  Rush,  and 
on  Oct.  13,  1829,  made  his  professional  debut  at 
the  Arch  Street  theatre,  Philadelphia,  as  Frede 
rick  in  "  Lovers' Vows."  During  the  winter  of 
1830-31,  lie  acted  in  Charleston,  S.  C.,  and  in 
other  southern  cities  where  lie  played  for  a  time 
Pythias  to  Edwin  Forrest's  Damon.  He  was  con 
nected  with  the  Arch  Street  theatre  in  1832,  and 
from  that  year  until  1840  appeared  in  various 
cities  in  the  United  States,  making  his  debut 
in  New  York  city  at  the  Park  theatre  as  Benedick 
in  "  Much  Ado  About  Nothing  "  in  1838.  He  was 
stage  manager  of  the  Chestnut  Street  theatre, 
Philadelphia,  1840-41,  and  during  this  season 
staged  the  first  production  of  "  London  Assur 
ance  "  at  the  National  theatre,  Boston,  Mass.  He 
withdrew  from  the  stage  in  1842  and  lectured  on 
Shakespeare  in  Boston,  New  York  and  Phila 
delphia,  taught  elocution  and  pursued  a  course  of 
study  under  Prof.  William  Russell  of  Boston, 
1842-45.  He  appeared  as  Hamlet  at  the  Park 
theatre,  New  York,  1845,  and  made  a  tour  of  the 
United  States.  In  1853  he  appeared  at  the 
American  theatre,  San  Francisco,  with  his 
brother,  Dr.  Samuel  K.  Murdoch  (1816-1891)  who 
had  made  his  debut  in  San  Francisco  in  1852,  and 
supported  Madame  Anna  Bishop  in  German 
opera.  He  played  with  his  brother  in  Baltimore 
in  1855,  and  in  1856  played  in  London  and  Liver 
pool  and  afterward  traveled  in  Germany,  Switz 
erland  and  Italy.  His  best  parts  were  Romeo, 
Charles  Surface,  Don  Felix,  Rover,  Alfred, 
Evelyn  and  Vapid.  He  left  the  stage  a  second 
time  in  1861  and  engaged  in  giving  patriotic 
readings  in  all  the  northern  cities  for  the  benefit 
of  the  U.  S.  sanitary  commission,  and  for  the  en 
tertainment  of  the  soldiers  in  the  soldiers'  hos 
pitals,  in  the  camps  and  on  the  battle  fields.  He 
also  nursed  the  sick  soldiers  and  became  a  volun 
teer  aide  on  the  staff  of  Gen.  "WilliamS.  Rosecrans. 
He  retired  to  his  farm  near  Lebanon,  Ohio,  in 
[623] 


MURDOCH 


MURFREE 


1805,  where  lie  engaged  in  grape  culture,  but 
after  a  time  resumed  lecturing  on  elocution 
before  the  School  of  Oratory  in  Philadelphia,  and 
\v-as  .professor  of  elocution  at  the  Cincinnati 
College  of  Music.  His  last  appearance  on  the 
stage  was  as  Hamlet  and  Charles  Surface  in  a 
benefit  given  him  in  Cincinnati,  April  23,  1887. 
He  was  married  in  1831  to  Elizabeth  Middlecott, 
daughter  of  a  London  silversmith.  He  is  the 
author  of :  Orthophony,  or  Culture  of  the  Voice, 
with  William  Russell  (1845)  ;  The  Stage  (1880). 
He  died  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  May  19,  1893. 

MURDOCH,  John,  zoologist,  was  born  in  New 
Orleans,  La.,  July  9.  1852  ;  son  of  John  and  Eliza 
beth  (Smith)  Murdoch;  grandson  of  John  and 
Louise  (Ramundeau)  Murdoch,  and  of  William 
and  Caroline  (Smith)  Smith,  and  a  descendant 
of  William  and  Mary  Murdoch,  who  came  to 
Philadelphia  from  Armagh,  Ireland,  about'  1738. 
He  was  graduated  from  Harvard,  A.B.,  1873, 
A.M.,  1876,  was  appointed  naturalist  and  observer 
to  the  U.  S.  international  polar  expedition  to 
Point  Barrow,  Alaska,  in  1881,  and  remained  with 
the  expedition  till  1883.  He  was  married,  July 
23,  1884,  to  Abby  Da  Forest  Stuart.  He  was 
librarian  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution,  1887-92, 
and  in  1896  was  appointed  assistant  in  the  cata 
logue  department  of  the  Boston  Public  library. 
He  studied  zoology  at  the  Museum  of  Compara 
tive  Zoology,  Harvard,  arid  made  a  special  study 
of  the  habits  of  the  Eskimo  race.  He  is  the 
author  of :  Natural  History,  in  the  report  of  the 
Point  Barrow  expedition  :  Ethnological  Results 
of  tlie  Point  Barrow  Expedition,  and  many 
articles  on  Eskimo  entlmology  and  linguistics  and 
on  zoological  subjects. 

MURFREE,  Hardy,  soldier,  was  born  in  Hert 
ford  county,  N.C.,  June  5,  1752;  son  of  William 
and  Mary  (Moore)  Murfree.  His  father  was  a 
delegate  from  Hertford  county  to  the  convention 
at  Hillsboro,  Aug.  21,  1775,  and  to  the  congress 
at  Halifax,  Nov.  12,  1776,  which  framed  the  con 
stitution  of  the  state  of  North  Carolina  in  force, 
1776-1835.  He  was  appointed  captain  in  the  2d 
North  Carolina  regiment,  Continental  line,  Col. 
Robert  Howe,  Sept.  1,  1775,  and  served  through 
out  the  Revolution,  during  the  early  part  of  the 
war  in  the  army  of  General  Washington.  He 
was  promoted  major,  Feb.  1,  1777,  commanded 
a  North  Carolina  battalion  of  picked  men  at  the 
capture  of  Stony  Point,  N.Y. ,  in  July,  1779,  his 
"  good  conduct  and  intrepidity  "  being  mentioned 
in  General  Wayne's  letter  to  President  of  Con 
gress  John  Jay,  Aug.  10,  1778,  and  was  sent  with 
hi>  command  to  the  South  in  1780,  to  reinforce 
General  Lincoln.  He  was  promoted  lieutenant- 
colonel,  and  in  1782  was  transferred  to  the  1st 
North  Carolina  regiment,  Continental  line.  He 
retired  to  his  plantation  011  the  Meherrin  river 


near  Murfreesboro,  N.C.,  after  the  war  and  in 
1807  removed  to  Tennessee  and  settled  on  Mur- 
free's  fork  of  West  Harpeth  river  in  Williamson 
county,  which  land  was  granted  to  him  for 
military  services  during  the  Revolution.  The  towns 
of  Murfreesboro,  N.C.,  and  Murfreesboro,  Tenn. 
were  named  in  his  honor.  He  was  married,  Feb. 
17,  1780,  to  Sally,  daughter  of  Matthias  Brickell 
(by  his  first  marriage)  of  Hertford  county,  N.C., 
who  was  a  lieutenant-colonel  of  North  Carolina 
militia  during  the  Revolution  arid  a  member  of  the 
provincial  congresses  at  Hillsboro,  Aug.  21,  1775, 
and  Halifax,  April  4,  1776.  Colonel  Murfree 
died  in  Williamson  county,  Tenn.,  April  6,  1809. 
On  the  following  July  9  a  public  funeral  with 
Masonic  rites,  military  honors  and  a  memorial 
oration,  was  held  at  his  grave  in  the  garden  of 
his  late  residence  in  the  presence  of  a  great  con 
course  of  people.  The  Nashville  Clarion  of  July 
21,  1809,  says  :  "  The  surrounding  hills  were  cov 
ered  with  vast  numbers  of  people  and  the  awful 
silence  which  pervaded  such  an  immense  crowd 
evinced  the  feelings  of  the  spectators  for  the 
memory  and  virtues  of  the  deceased." 

MURFREE,  Mary  Noailles,  author,  was  born 
at  Murfreesboro,  Tenn.,  Jan.  24,  1850  ;  daughter 
of  William  Law  and  Fanny  Priscilla  (Dickson) 
Murfree  ;  granddaughter  of  William  Hardy  and 
Elizabeth  Mary  (Maney)  Murfree,  and  great 
granddaughter  of  Col.  Hardy  Murfree  (q.v.),  an 
officer  in  the  Revolutionary  army.  She  became 
lame  in  childhood,  and  thus  debarred  from  active 
amusements,  at  an  early  age  devoted  herself 
to  books,  becoming  a  hard  student,  and  later 
earnestly  turned  her  attention  to  literary  work. 
The  family  in  1856  removed  to  Nashville  where 
she  was  chiefly  educated,  although  she  spent  some 
time  at  school  in  Philadelphia.  In  1872  they  re 
turned  to  Murfreesboro,  and  from  there  removed  to 
St.  Louis,  Mo.,  in  1881,  and  back  to  Murfreesboro 
in  1890.  She  spent  her  summers  in  the  mountains 
of  eastern  Tennessee,  and  devoted  herself  princi 
pally  to  the  portrayal  of  human  character  as 
connected  with  life  in  the  Tennessee  mountains. 
Her  first  story, "The  Dancin'  Party  at  Harrison's 
Cove  ",  appeared  in  the  Atlantic  Monthly  over  the 
signature  "  Charles  Egbert  Cradtlock."  Other 
stories  and  novels  followed,  published  also  in 
book  form,  and  she  succeeded  in  concealing  her 
identity  until  1885.  She  is  the  author  of  :  In  tlie 
Tennessee  Mountains,  stories  (1884) ;  Where  tlie 
Battle  was  Fought,  a  novel  (1884);  Down  the 
Ravine  (1885);  The  Prophet  of  the  great  Smoky 
Mountains  (1885);  In  the  Clouds  (1886) ;  The  Story 
of  Keedon  Bluffs  (1887);  The  Despot  of  Broom- 
sedge  Cove  (1888);  In  the  Stranger- People's 
Country  (1891);  His  Vanished  Star  (1894)  ;  The. 
Mystery  of  Witch-face  Mountain  and  Other  Stories 
(1895);  The  Phantom  of  the  Foot-Bridge  and 


[G24] 


MURFREE 


MURPHY 


Other  Stories  (1895);  The  Juggler  (1897);  TJie 
Young  Mountaineers,  short  stories  (1897);  TJie 
Story  of  Old  Fort  London  (1899);  The  Bush 
whackers  and  Other  Stories  (1899)  ;  The  Champion 
(1903)  ;  A  Spectre  of  Power  (1902),  and  numerous 
contributions  to  leading  magazines. 

MURFREE,  William  Hardy,  representative, 
was  born  in  Hertford  county,  N.C.,  Oct.  2,  1781  ; 
son  of  Hardy  and  Sally  (Brickell)  Murfree,  and 
grandson  of  William  and  Mary  (Moore)  Murfree. 
He  was  graduated  at  the  University  of  North 
Carolina  in  1801,  was  admitted  to  the  bar  and 
entered  upon  the  practice  of  his  profession.  He 
represented  Hertford  county  in  the  North  Caro 
lina  legislature  in  1805,  and  1812  ;  was  a  presi 
dential  elector  voting  for  Madison  in  1813,  and  a 
representative  in  the  13th  and  14th  congresses, 
1813-17,  where  he  supported  Madison's  adminis 
tration  and  the  war  of  1812.  He  removed  from 
Murfreesboro,  N.C.,  in  1823  to  his  estate  in  Wil 
liamson  county,  Term.,  where  he  spent  the  rest  of 
his  life.  He  was  married  in  1808  to  Elizabeth 
Mary,  daughter  of  James  Maney  of  Hertford 
•county,  N.C.  He  died  in  Nashville, Tenn.,  in  1827. 

MURFREE,  William  Law,  author,  was  born 
in  Murfreesboro,  N.C.,  July  19,  1817  ;  son  of  Wil 
liam  Hardy  and  Elizabeth  Mary  (Maney)  Murfree, 
^nd  grandson  of  Col.  Hardy  Murfree  (q.v).  He 
removed  to  Tennessee  with  his  parents  about 
1823,  was  graduated  at  the  University  of  Nash 
ville  in  1836  and  studied  law.  He  was  admitted 
to  the  bar,  and  practised  in  Franklin,  Nashville, 
and  Murfreesboro,  Tenn.  He  was  married,  Nov. 
22.  1843,  to  Fanny  Priscilla,  daughter  of  David 
Dickinson  of  Murfreesboro,  Tenn.  He  lost  his 
fortune  during  the  civil  war  and  in  the  financial 
panic  of  1873,  and  in  1881  removed  with  his  family 
to  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  where  he  devoted  himself  to 
professional  and  literary  work.  He  edited  the 
Central  Law  Journal  in  St.  Louis,  1886-88.  Owing 
to  the  loss  of  his  eyesight  lie  relinquished  active 
pursuits  in  1889  and  returned  to  his  home  at 
Murfreesboro,  Tenn.,  where  lie  spent  the  rest  of 
his  life.  He  contributed  sketches  of  life  in 
Mississippi  and  Florida  and  papers  on  the  political 
and  industrial  status  of  the  South  to  leading 
magazines,  also  on  legal  subjects  to  law  journals, 
and  is  the  author  of  several  notable  law-books, 
including:  A  Treatise  on  the  Law  of  Sheriffs 
(1884);  Official  Bonds  (1885),  and  Practice  before 
the  Justice  of  the  Peace  (1886).  He  died  in 
Murfreesboro,  Tenn.,  Aug.  23,  1892. 

MURL1N,  Lemuel  Herbert,  educator,  was  born 
in  Neptune,  Ohio,  Nov.  16.  1861  ;  son  of  Orlando 
and  Esther  (Hankins)  Murlin.  He  was  graduated 
from  the  Convoy  high  school,  had  charge  of  the 
boys'  department  in  Fort  Wayne  college,  Indiana, 
1886-87,  and  graduated  from  De  Pauw  university 
A.B..  1891,  S.T.B.,  1892.  He  was  a  teacher  in 


De  Pauw,  1891-92;  pastor  of  the  M.E.  church, 
Vincennes,  Ind,,  1892-94,  and  was  elected  presi 
dent  of  Baker  university,  Baldwin,  Kansas,  in 
1894,  when  he  raised  $16,000  in  four  months  to 
pay  the  college  debt.  He  was  married  in  1893  to 
Ermina  Fallas,  A.M.,  Ph.D.,  at  the  time  of  her 
marriage  professor  of  modern  languages  at  Cor 
nell  college,  Iowa.  He  pursued  special  studies  in 
the  University  of  Pennsylvania  and  Clark  univer 
sity,  1899,  and  accompanied  by  his  wife,  visited 
Europe  for  study  and  research  and  as  delegate  to 
the  general  conference  of  the  M.E.  church.  1900, 
and  to  the  ecumenical  conference  of  Methodists, 
London,  1901.  He  received  the  degree  S.T.B. 
from  University  of  Denver  in  1897  ;  D.D.  from 
Cornell  college,  Iowa,  in  1897,  and  B.D.  fromGar- 
rett  Biblical  institute  in  1899. 

MURPHY,  Archibald  De  Bow,  statesman, 
was  born  near  Milton,  Caswell  county,  N.C., 
in  1777  ;  son  of  Col.  Archibald  Murphy.  He 
entered  the  second  class  in  the  University  of 
North  Carolina,  Jan.  15, 1795  ;  was  graduated  with 
the  highest  distinction  in  1799,  and  remained 
there  as  professor  of  ancient  languages,  1800-01. 
At  this  time  he  owned  only  three  books  and  none 
on  law.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1802, 
through  the  friendship  of  one  of  the  examining 
judges,  and  after  admission  studied  under  Wil 
liam  Duffy  of  Hillsborough,  and  soon  took  a  prom 
inent  place  at  the  bar.  He  was  a  senator  in  the 
general  assembly,  1812-18  ;  was  chairman  of  the 
board  of  internal  improvements,  1818-23,  and  his 
annual  reports  on  the  public  policy  of  the  state 
of  transportation  by  canals  to  join  together  the 
great  sounds  on  the  seaboard  were  said  to  have 
been  equalled  only  by  the  papers  of  De  Witt  Clin 
ton  on  state  canals  and  of  John  C.  Calhoun  on 
national  roads  and  waterways.  On  the  subject 
of  public  education  he  recommended  a  system  of 
support  for  public  schools  and  academies  and  a 
state  appropriation  for  the  better  equipment  of 
the  university.  In  1818  he  was  elected  by  the 
general  assembly  a  judge  of  the  superior  courts 
and  presided  in  the  supreme  court  in  several 
causes  under  appointment  by  the  governor.  He 
resigned  his  seat  on  the  bench  in  1820  and  resum 
ed  practice  in  Hillsborough.  He  was  a  trustee  of 
the  University  of  North  Carolina,  1802-32.  He 
planned  an  exhaustive  history  of  the  soil,  climate, 
legislation,  civil  institutions,  literature  etc.  of 
North  Carolina  in  1821,  and  collected  a  vast 
mass  of  material  in  the  state  and  from  the  state 
paper  office  in  London,  and  in  1826  received 
authority  from  the  general  assembly  to  raise  by 
lottery  a  sum  sufficient  for  its  publication  ;  but 
beyond  one  or  two  chapters  on  the  Indian  tribes 
he  accomplished  but  little,  ruined  health  and  a 
fortune  dissipated  by  speculation  putting  an  end 
to  his  enterprise.  He  is  the  author  of  :  A  Memoir 


[025] 


MURPHY 


MURPHY 


of  Improvements  Contemplated  and  the  Resources 
and  Finances  of  the  State  (1819)  ;  An  Oration  be 
fore  the  University  of  North  Carolina  (1827)  ; 
Reports  of  Cases  in  the  Supreme  Court  of  North 
Carolina,  1S04-10  (1826).  See  Peele's  "Lives  of 
Distinguished  North  Carolinians"  (1898).  He 
died  in  Hillsborough,  N.C.,  Feb.  3,  1833. 

MURPHY,  Edward,  senator,  was  born  in  Troy, 
N.Y.,  Dec.  15,  1836;  son  of  Edward  Murphy, 
a  native  of  Ireland,  who  settled  in  Troy  about 
1830,  and  in  1846  established  a  brewery  there. 
The  son  was  graduated  at  St.  John's  college, 
Fordham,  N.Y.,  in  1857,  and  engaged  with  his 
father  in  business.  On  the  retirement  of  his 
father,  the  firm  became  Kennedy  &  Murphy  and 
subsequently  the  Kennedy  &  Murphy  Malting 
company,  of  which  he  was  made  vice-president 
and  treasurer.  He  was  a  city  alderman,  1864-66  ; 
fire  commissioner  1874-79  ;  mayor,  1875-83  ;  and 
a  member  of  the  Democratic  state  committee, 
1882-95.  serving  as  treasurer,  1884-87,  and  chair 
man,  1887-95.  He  was  principal  owner  and  busi 
ness  manager  of  the  Troy  Daily  Press,  1887-89  ; 
president  of  the  Troy  Gas  company,  and  vice- 
president  of  tho  Manufacturers'  National  bank. 
He  was  a  delegate  to  the  Democratic  national 
conventions  of  1880.  1884,  1888,  1892  and  1896  and 
was  U.S.  senator  from  New  York,  1893-99.  He 
served  in  the  senate  as  chairman  of  the  commit 
tee  on  relations  with  Canada. 

MURPHY,  Franklin,  governor  of  New  Jersey, 
was  born  in  Jersey  City,  N.J.,  January  3,  1846  ; 
son  of  William  H.  and  Abby  Elizabeth  (Hagar) 
Murphy  ;  grandson  of  William  Murphy,  and  a 
descendant  of  Robert  Murphy,  who  emigrated 
from  Ireland  and  settled  in 
Connecticut  in  1756.  He 
served  in  the  13th  New  Jersey 
Volunteers.  1862-65,  reaching 
the  rank  of  1  st  lieutenant.  He 
established  in  1865  the  busi 
ness  of  Murphy  &  Company, 
varnish  manufacturers.  He 
was  chairman  of  the  Republican  state  committee 
in  1892  and  in  1900  was  a  member  of  the  Republi 
can  national  executive  committee.  He  was  a  del- 
egate-at-large  to  the  St.  Louis  Republican  national 
convention  of  1896  and  1900.  and  was  a  U.S.  com 
missioner  to  the  Paris  exposition  of  19CO.  He 
was  president-general  of  the  National  Society  of 
the  Sons  of  the  American  Revolution  in  1899,  and 
was  made  a  member  of  the  Society  of  Colonial 
Wars  and  of  the  Military  Order  of  the  Loyal 
Legion.  In  1901  he  was  elected  governor  of  New 
Jersey  for  the  term  1902-5. 

MURPHY,  Henry  Cruse,  representative,  was 
born  in  Brooklyn,  N.Y.,  July  5,  1810  ;  son  of  John 
Garrison  and  Clarissa  (Runyon)  Mui-phy,  and 
grandson  of  Dr.  Timothy  and  Mary  (Garrison) 


Murphy  of  Monmouth  county,  N.J.  He  was 
graduated  from  Columbia  college  in  1830  :  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1833,  and  practised  in 
Brooklyn  in  partnership  with  John  A.  Lott,  1835, 
and  afterward  as  Lott,  Murphy  &  Vanderbilt. 
He  was  assistant  corporation  council  in  1834. 
and  afterward  became  city  attorney  and  cor 
poration  council.  lie  contributed  articles  to  the 
Brooklyn  Adrocate  and  Nassau  Gazette  ;  to  the 
Democratic  Review  and  to  the  North  American 
Review,  and  became  a  proprietor  and  editor  of  the 
Brooklyn  Daily  Eagle  on  its  establishment  in  1841 . 
He  was  mayor  of  Brooklyn,  1842-43  ;  a  delegate  to 
the  state  constitutional  convention  of  1846;  a 
Democratic  representative  in  the  28th  and  30th 
congresses,  1843-45  and  1847-49  ;  was  named  as  an 
available  candidate  for  the  presidency  in  the 
Democratic  national  convention  of  1852,  and  was 
U.S.  minister  to  The  Hague  under  Buchanan's 
administration,  1857-61.  On  his  return  to  King's 
county  he  served  for  six  terms  in  the  state  senate, 
1861-73  ;  raised  the  159th  New  York  volunteers 
in  1862,  and  was  a  delegate  to  the  state  constitu 
tional  convention  of  1867-68.  He  was  a  founder 
of  the  new  Long  Island  Historical  society  and  of 
the  Brooklyn  City  library  and  was  president  of 
the  East  River  Bridge  company  and  of  the  Brook 
lyn,  Flatbush  and  Coney  Island  railroad  com 
pany.  He  accumulated  a  valuable  library  on  the 
the  history  of  America,  of  which  he  published 
a  catalogue  under  the  title  A  Catalogue  of 
an  American  Library  Chronologically  Arranged 
(1853).  He  also  published  De  Vries'  Voyage  from 
Holland  to  America,  A.D..  Ji;.i.'-44.  (translated. 
1853);  Broad  Ad  rice  to  tlte  New  Netherlands; 
The  First  Minister  of  the  Dutch  Reformed  Church 
in  the  United  States  (printed  privately,  1857) : 
Henry  Hudson  in  Holland  (1859);  Anthology  of 
the  New  Netherlands,  or  Translations  from  the 
Early  Dutch  Poets  of  New  York,  with  Memoirs  of 
tlieir  Lives  (1865):  The  Voyage  of  Verrazano 
(printed  privately,  1875).  and  Memoir  of  Herman 
Ernst  Ludewig  in  "  Memorial  Biographies  of  the 
New  England  Historic  Genealogical  Society." 
He  died  in  Brooklyn,  N.Y.,  Dec.  1,  1882. 

MURPHY,  Isaac,  governor  of  Arkansas,  was 
born  near  Pittsburgh.  Pa..  Oct.  16,  1802  ;  son  of 
Hugh  and  Jane  (Williams)  Murphy.  He  re 
moved  to  Montgomery  county,  Tenn.,  where  he 
taught  school.  1829-34,  was  married  July  81, 1830, 
to  Angelina  A.  Lockhart  of  Tennessee,  removed  to 
Fayetteville,  Ark.,  with  his  family  in  1834,  and 
taught  school  and  was  a  leader  in  promoting 
education  in  that  section  of  the  state.  He  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1835,  and  engaged  in  the 
practice  of  law  and  in  civil  engineering.  He  was 
a  representative  in  the  state  legislature,  1848-49' 
was  in  California,  1849-54,  and  in  1854  settled  in 
Huntsville,  Ark.  He  was  a  state  senator  in  1856 


[68 


MURPHY 


MURPHY 


and  a  Union  delegate  to  the  Arkansas  secession 
convention,  March  to  May,  1861,  where  lie  alone 
voted  against  secession.  He  joined  the  Union 
forces  in  Missouri  in  April,  1862,  and  served  on  the 
staff  of  General  Curtis,  and  under  General  Steele 
took  part  in  the  capture  of  Little  Rock,  Ark., 
Sept.  10,  186:5.  He  was  appointed  provisional 
governor  of  Arkansas  in  January,  1864  ;  was 
elected  by  a  vote  of  the  people  in  March,  1864, 
and  served  until  April,  1868.  He  not  only  paid  the 
expenses  of  his  administration  but  left  $'370. 000  in 
the  state  treasury  at  the  close  of  his  term  of 
office.  He  died  in  Huntsville.  Ark.,  Sept.  8,  1882. 
MURPHY,  Jeremiah,  representative,  was  born 
in  Lowell.  M.iss.,  Feb.  19,  18:3.")  ;  son  of  Timothy 
and  Jerusha  (Shattuck)  Murphy.  He  was  edu 
cated  in  the  public  schools  of  Boston.  Mass.,  and 
removed  with  his  parents  in  1849  to  Fond  I)u  Lac 
county,  Wis.,  and  in  1852  to  Iowa  county,  Iowa. 
He  was  graduated  from  the  State  University  of 
Iowa,  LL.B.  1857,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  1858.  He  practised  law  in  partnership  with 
H.  M.  Martin  at  Marengo,  18-18-67,  and  in  Daven 
port,  1867-83.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  Demo 
cratic  national  conventions  of  1864  and  1868  ;  a 
member  of  the  Iowa  senate  1874-78,  and  mayor  of 
Davenport  in  1873,  and  1879.  He  was  a  Demo 
cratic  representative  from  the  second  Iowa  dis 
trict  in  the  48th  and  49th  congresses,  1883-87,  and 
while  in  congress  worked  unceasingly  until  an 
appropriation  was  secured  for  the  promotion  of 
the  Hennepin  canal,  connecting  Lake  Michigan 
with  the  Mississppi  river,  He  died  in  Washington, 
D.C.,  Dec.  11,  1893. 

MURPHY,  John,  governor  of  Alabama,  was 
born  in  Robeson  county,  N.C.,  in  1786  ;  son  of 
Neil  and  —  —  (Downing)  Murphy,  and  a  grand 
son  of  Murdoch  Murphy,  who  emigrated  from 
Scotland  with  his  wife  and  children.  He  removed 
to  South  Carolina  with  his  parents,  taught  school 
and  was  graduated  at  the  University  of  South 
Carolina  in  1808.  He  was  clerk  of  the  state 
senate,  1810-17,  and  a  trustee  of  the  University, 
1809-18.  He  settled  in  Monroe  county,  Ala.,  in 
1818  and  was  a  member  of  the  convention  which 
framed  the  state  constitution  in  1819.  He  was 
admitted  to  the  bar,  bvit  soon  retired  from 
practice  and  turned  his  attention  to  planting. 
He  represented  Monroe  county  in  the  legislature 
in  1820,  was  a  state  senator  in 
1822,  and  was  Democratic 
governor  of  Alabama,  1825-29. 
He  was  defeated  as  the  Union 
candidate  for  representative 
in  the  21st  and  22d  congresses, 
1828  and  1830,  by  Dixon  H. 
Lewis,  and  was  a  Union  Demo 
cratic  representative  in  the  23d  congress,  1833- 
35.  He  was  married  first  to  the  daughter  of 


Robert  Hails  of  South  Carolina  and  secondly  to 
Mrs.  Carter,  a  sister  of  Col.  John  Darrington. 
He  died  in  Clark  county,  Ala.,  Sept.  21,  1841. 

MURPHY,  John,  publisher,  was  born  in  Omagh, 
Ireland,  March  12.  1812.  He  came  with  his 
parents  to  the  United  States  in  1822,  and  settled  at 
Newcastle,  Del.,  where  lie  attended  school,  1822- 
24,  and  was  clerk  in  a  country  store,  1824-26.  He 
was  a  clerk  in  Philadelphia,  1826-28  ;  apprentice 
to  a  printer  there,  1828-33  ;  journeyman  printer  in 
Baltimore,  Md.,  1833-35,  and  on  his  own  account, 
1835-80.  In  1840  he  combined  publishing  with 
his  printing  business.  He  published  the  United 
Shift's  Catholic  Magazine,  edited  by  Father* 
White  and  Spalding,  1842-49  ;  the  Metropolitan 
Magazine,  1853-59,  and  the  Proceedings  of  the 
Maryland  Historical  society  for  over  twenty-five 
years.  He  published  a  translation  of  "'  Definition 
of  the  Dogma  of  the  Immaculate  Conception  " 
(1855)  and  "  Proceedings  of  the  Second  Plenary 
Council  of  Baltimore"  (1866)  ;  receiving  for  the 
first  a  gold  medal  from  Pope  Pius  IX,  and  for  the 
second  the  honorary  title  of  printer  to  the  pope, 
a  distinction  never  before  accorded  a  resident  of 
an  English  speaking  nation.  He  also  published 
the  works  of  Cardinal  Gibbons,  and  of  Archbishop 
Spalding.  He  was  an  earl}'  member  of  the  Mary 
land  Historical  society.  He  was  married,  June 
17,  1852,  to  Margaret  O'Donoghue,  of  Georgetown, 
D.C.,  and  his  son  Frank  succeeded  him  in  busi 
ness.  He  died  in  Baltimore,  Md. ,  May  27, 1880. 

MURPHY,  John  Francis,  artist,  was  born  in 
Oswego.  N.Y.,  Dec,  11,  1853.  He  attended  the 
public  schools  of  Oswego,  and  early  turned  his 
attention  to  the  study  of  art  which  he  pursued 
without  a  teacher.  He  opened  a  studio  in  New 
York  city  in  1875,  as  a  landscape  painter,  and  first 
exhibited  his  work  at  the  National  Academy  of 
Design  in  1876.  He  received  the  second  Hall- 
garten  prize  for  "Tints  of  a  Vanished  Past  "  in 
1885.  He  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Society 
of  American  Artists  in  1883  ;  of  the  American 
WTater  Color  society  ;  an  associate  of  the  National 
Academy  of  Design  and  in  1885,  an  academician  in 
1887.  He  won  the  Carnegie  prize  of  the  Society 
of  American  Artists  in  1902.  Among  his  paint 
ings  are  :  Sunny  Slopes  (1879)  ;  Upland  Cornfield 
(1880)  ;  October  (1881)  :  Woodland  (1882):  Rocky 
Slope  (1883)  ;  Weedy  Brook  (1884)  ;  The  Yellow 
Leaf  (1885);  Indian  Summer  (1886);  Sundown 
(1886)  ;  Brooks  and  Fields  (1887),  and  October 
Fog  (foreign  1902). 

MURPHY,  John  J.,  educator,  was  born  in 
county  Kildare,  Ireland,  Jan.  17,  1844.  'He 
was  graduated  in  philosophy  at  Carlow  college, 
1862  ;  studied  for  the  priesthood  at  Maynooth 
college,  1862-66,  and  came  to  the  United  Stales 
in  1866,  where  he  entered  the  Society  of  Jesus. 
He  passed  his  novitiate  at  Frederick,  Md., 


[627] 


MURPHY 


MURRAY 


1866-68  ;  taught  classics  in  Boston  college  and 
at  Holy  Cross  college,  Worcester,  Mass.,  1868-72, 
and  completed  his  theological  course  in  Wood 
stock  college,  Md.,  in  1874.  He  was  ordained 
priest  by  Bishop  Gibbons  of  Richmond,  Ya., 
June  20,  1874 ;  was  prefect  and  lecturer  on 
Christian  doctrine  at  Georgetown  college,  D.C., 
187."):  a  teacher  of  rhetoric  at  Frederick,  Md., 
1876  :  professor  of  sacred  scripture  at  Wood 
stock  college,  Md.,  1877,  and  rector  of  Holy 
Trinity  church,  Georgetown,  D.C.,  1878.  He  was 
professor  of  philosophy  and  prefect  of  studies  at 
Holy  Cross  college,  AVorcester,  Mass.,  1879-81  ; 
professor  of  rhetoric,  Frederick,  Md.,  1881-82  ; 
president  of  Gonzaga  college,  Washington,  B.C., 
1882-85  ;  president  of  St.  Francis  Xavier  college, 
New  York  city,  1885-88  ; 
visited  Europe  in  1888  ;  was 
Pr°fessor  °f  philosophy  in 
Georgetown  college,  1889; 
'  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  1890-91,  and 
was  rector  of  Holy  Trinity 
church  at  Georgetown,  D.C., 
1891-92.  He  became  a  mem 
ber  of  the  staff  of  the  Messenger  of  the  Sacred 
Heart  in  1889  ard  contributed  to  that  and  to  the 
Georgetoivn  College  Journal.  He  died  in  George 
town,  B.C.,  March  4,  1892. 

MURPHY,  Nathan  Oakes,  governor  of  Arizona, 
was  born  in  Jefferson,  Maine,  Oct.  14,  1849  ;  son 
of  B.  F.  and  Lucy  A.  Murphy,  and  grandson  of 
John  Murphy.  He  attended  the  public  school ; 
taught  school  in  Wisconsin,  1866-69,  and  in  1870 
removed  to  California,  where  he  was  engaged  in 
mining,  law  practice,  railroad  building  and  mer 
cantile  pursuits.  He  settled  in  Prescott,  Arizona 
Territory,  in  1883,  and  engaged  in  mining.  He 
was  married  Aug.  6,  1884,  to  Sarah  E.,  daughter 
of  G.  W.  Banghart  of  Prescott.  He  was  appointed 
secretary  of  Arizona  Territory  in  1889 ;  was 
governor  of  the  territory,  1892-94  ;  a  delegate  to 
the  Republican  national  convention  at  Minneap 
olis,  Minn.,  June  7,  1892;  delegate  to  the  54th 
congress,  J895-97,  and  again  territorial  governor, 
1898-1902. 

MURPHY,  Thomas,  clergyman,  was  born  in 
Ranclalstown,  county  Antrim,  Ireland,  Feb.  6, 
1824  ;  son  of  William  and  Mary  (Rollins)  Murphy. 
His  parents  removed  to  the  United  States  in  1834, 
and  settled  in  New  Hartford,  N.Y.  He  was 
graduated  at  the  College  of  New  Jersey,  with 
second  honors,  A.B.,  1845,  A.M.,  1848,  and  at  the 
Princeton  Theological  seminary,  B.B.,  1848.  He 
was  licensed  by  the  presbytery  of  New  Bruns 
wick,  Feb.  2,  1848,  and  ordained  by  the  second 
presbytery  of  Philadelphia,  Oct.  11,  1849.  He 
was  pastor  of  the  Frankford  Presbyterian  church, 
Philadelphia,  Pa.,  1849-94,  and  pastor  emeritus, 
1894-1900.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  general  as- 

[628] 


sembly  of  the  Presbyterian  church  ten  times  ;  a 
commissioner  to  the  general  assemblies  of  Scot 
land  and  Ireland  in  1873,  and  in  the  Irish  assem 
bly  offered  the  resolution  which  was  the  first 
step  toward  the  holding  of  the  Pan-Presbyterian 
council.  He  took  the  lead  as  chairman  in  organ 
izing  twenty -two  new  churches  in  the  presbytery 
of  Philadelphia  ;  was  a  member  of  the  Presby 
terian  board  of  publication  fourteen  years,  and 
was  instrumental  in  organizing  the  Sabbath- 
school  work  of  that  board.  He  also  presided  at 
the  "Log  College "  anniversary,  Sept.  5,  1889. 
He  received  the  degrees  B.B.  from  the  College  of 
New  Jersey  in  1872  and  LL.B.  from  Washington 
college,  Tenn.,  in  1891.  He  was  married,  June 
15,  1848,  to  Ann  Sortor,  of  Blawenburgh,  N. J. 
He  is  the  author  of :  Messages  to  the  Seven 
Churches  of  Asia  ;  Cradle  of  the  Presbyterian 
Church  in  America  ;  A  History  of  the  Frankford 
Presbyterian  Church  (1870)  ;  Pastoral  Theology 
(1877)  ;  Pastor  and  People  (1886)  ;  Duties  of 
Church  Members  to  the  Church ;  Reminiscences 
of  a  Pastor  ;  The  Presbytery  of  the  Log  College,  and 
Memoirs  of  the  Rev.  J.  C.  Ralston.  He  died  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa,,  Bee.  26,  1900. 

MURPHY,  Thomas  Edward,  educator,  was 
born  in  New  York  city,  Jan.  27,  1856.  He  at 
tended  the  public  schools  and  St.  Francis  Xavier 
college,  New  York  ;  studied  at  Sault-au-Recollet, 
Canada,  1875-76;  West  Park-on-Hudson,  N.Y., 
1876-79  ;  took  a  course  in  philosophy  at  Wood 
stock  college,  Md.,  1879-82,  and  a  course  in  the 
ology  there,  1887-90.  He  was  professor  of  Latin 
and  Greek  at  Georgetown  university,  B.C., 
1882-87  ;  vice-president  of  Georgetown  univer 
sity,  1891-93,  and  president  of  St.  Francis  Xavier 
college,  1894-1900.  He  was  chosen  prefect  of 
studies  at  Holy  Cross  college,  Worcester,  Mass., 
Aug.  1,  1900. 

MURRAH, William  Belton,  educator,  was  born 
in  Pickensville,  Ala.,  May  19,  1852  ;  son  of  the 
Rev.  William  and  Mary  Susan  (Cureton)  Murrah, 
and  grandson  of  William  Murrah  and  of  James 
Cureton.  He  was  graduated  from  Southern  uni 
versity,  Greensboro,  Ala.,  1874,  and  joined  the 
North  Mississippi  conference  of  the  M.E.  church 
south  in  1876.  He  was  stationed  at  Oxford, 
1877-81,  Winona,  1881-85,  and  Aberdeen,  1885-86, 
and  was  vice-president  of  Whitworth  college, 
Brookhaven,  Mass.,  1886-90.  He  was  elected 
presidentofMillsa.ps  college,  Jackson,  Miss.,  in 
1892.  He  was  married  in  February,  1881,  to 
Beulah  Fitzhugh  of  Oxford.  The  honorary  de 
gree  of  B.B.  was  conferred  on  him  by  Centenary 
college,  La.,  in  1887,  and  that  of  LL.B.  by  Wof- 
ford  college,  S.C.,  in  1897.  He  published  many 
sermons,  addresses  and  religious  articles. 

MURRAY,  Alexander,  naval  officer,  was  born 
near  Chestertown,  Md.,  July  12,  1755;  son  of  Dr. 


MURRAY 


MURRAY 


William  and  Ann  (Smith)  Murray,  and  grand 
son  of  James  and  Sally  (Thomas)  Murray,  natives 
of  England,  who  settled  in  Barbadoes,  W.I.  Dr. 
William  Murray  came  to  Maryland  from  Bar- 
bardoes  and  practised  medicine  in  Chestertown. 
Alexander  left  home  at  an  early  age  as  a  cabin 
boy  on  a  coasting  vessel  and  was  rapidly  pro 
moted,  commanding  a  vessel  in  the  European 
trade  in  1773.  At  the  outbreak  of  hostilities  be 
tween  England  and  the  colonies  in  1775  he  was 
commissioned  lieutenant  in  the  Maryland  navy, 
but  being  unable  to  obtain  command  of  a  ship  he 
accepted  a  lieutenancy  in  the  1st  Maryland  regi 
ment  under  Colonel  Smalhvood,  and  served  with 
Washington's  army  at  Flatbush,  White  Plains 
and  in  other  engagements  around  New  York  and 
in  the  retreat  through  New  Jersey.  While  in 
•command  of  the  battery  at  the  lower  end  of 
Manhattan  island  engaged  in  opposing  the  pro 
gress  of  the  British  fleet  up  the  Hudson  river,  the 
bursting  of  a  gun  impaired  his  hearing,  which  he 
never  fully  recovered.  He  was  promoted  captain 
and  was  retired  on  account  of  ill  health.  He 
later  resumed  his  rank  as  lieutenant  in  the  Mary 
land  navy,  and  was  assigned  to  the  command  of 
different  letters  of  marque  and  had  various  en 
gagements  with  incoming  British  vessels  while  in 
search  of  plunder.  His  rank  gave  him  the  chief 
command  of  all  privateering  vessels  sailing  out 
of  the  port  of  Baltimore.  While  in  command  of 
the  letter  of  marque  Revenge,  he  sailed  for  Hol 
land  with  a  fleet  of  forty  vessels,  but  on  gaining 
the  high  sea  encountered  a  superior  force  and 
was  obliged  to  put  back  and  seek  refuge  in  the 
Patuxent  river.  His  force  was  increased  to  fifty 
sail,  and  the  commanders  agreed  to  fight  their 
way  through  the  British  squadron  blockading  the 
port.  After  putting  to  sea  a  fleet  of  British 
privateers  hove  in  sight.  Commodore  Murray's 
fleet  captains  did  not  respond  to  his  signals  for 
assistance  and  he  was  left  with  only  a  brig  and  a 
schooner  as  support.  A  severe  engagement  of  an 
hour  resulted  in  the  two  British  vessels  with 
drawing  from  the  contest,  and  Commodore 
Murray  returned  to  Hampton  Roads  with  his 
three  vessels  to  refit.  He  then  sailed  for  the 
Newfoundland  banks,  but  was  overtaken  by  a 
fleet  of  150  British  vessels  under  escort  of  a  man- 
of-war,  and  was  easily  captured  and  carried  into 
port.  He  was  exchanged  and  returned  to  Phila 
delphia,  where  he  found  the  frigate  Trumbnll, 
Capt.  James  Nicholson  (q.v.),  ready  for  service, 
and  was  made  lieutenant.  He  was  severely 
wounded  in  the  engagement  with  the  British 
frigate  Iris  and  the  General  Monk,  and  was 
captured.  When  he  recovered  from  his  wounds  he 
was  exchanged  and  congress  furnished  him  with 
a  brig  fitted  out  as  a  letter-of-marque.  He  sailed 
for  St.  Thomas  and  on  his  return  captured  a 

[030] 


British  packet.  He  retained  his  commission 
longer  than  any  other  officer  who  served  in  the 
U.S.  navy  during  the  Revolution.  He  was  1st 
lieutenant  under  Commodore  Barry  on  the  frigate 
Alliance  and  was  appointed  commodore  of  the 
corvette  Montezuma  during  the  difficulty  with 
France  in  1798  and  later  commanded  the  frigates 
Insurgent  and  Constellation.  During  the  trouble 
with  the  Barbary  pirates  in  1820  he  was  given 
command  of  a  squadron  in  the  Mediterranean 
and  on  his  return  was  appointed  to  the  com 
mand  of  the  Philadelphia  navy  yard,  ranking  as 
senior  officer  of  the  U.S.  navy.  He  died  near 
Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Oct.  6,  1821. 

MURRAY,  Alexander,  naval  officer,  was  born 
in  Pittsburgh,  Pa..  Jan.  2,  1816  ;  son  of  Magnus 
M.  and  Mary  (Wilkins)  Murray,  and  grandson  of 
Commodore  Alexander  Murray,  U.S.N.  (q.v.). 
He  entered  the  U.S.  naval  service  in  1835  and 
served  on  the  east  coast  of  Mexico,  1846-47.  He 
was  severely  wounded  at  the  capture  of  Alvar- 
ado,  and  took  part  in  the  capture  of  Tampico, 
Tabasco,  Tuspan  and  Vera  Cruz.  He  was  pro 
moted  lieutenant  in  1847,  and  at  the  outbreak 
of  the  civil  war  was  commissioned  commander 
and  given  charge  of  the  steamer  Louisiana  of 
the  North  Atlantic  squadron.  After  defeating 
the  Confederate  steamer  Yorktoivn  off  Newport 
News,  he  took  part  in  the  capture  of  Roanoke  Is 
land  and  New  Berne,  N.C.,  and  was  left  in  pos 
session  of  Eden  ton,  Feb.  12, 1862.  He  commanded 
the  five  vessels  left  by  Commander  William 
Smith  on  the  Pamunkey  river  to  protect  Mc- 
Clellan's  base  of  supplies,  May,  17,  1862,  and  was 
on  duty  in  the  North  Carolina  sounds  in  1863. 
He  was  promoted  captain  in  1866  ;  was  detailed 
on  special  service,  1865-66  ;  was  made  commodore 
in  1871  ;  served  as  light-house  inspector,  1873-76, 
when  lie  was  retired  with  the  rank  of  rear-ad 
miral.  He  afterward  served  on  the  naval  board 
and  died  in  Washington,  D.C.,  Nov.  10,  1884. 

MURRAY,  David,  educator  and  author,  was 
born  in  Bovina,  N.Y.,  Oct.  15, 1830  ;  son  of  William 
and  Jean  (Black)  Murray.  His  parents  immi 
grated  to  America  from  Scotland  in  1818.  He 
was  graduated  at  Union  college,  Schenectady, 
N.Y.,  1852;  was  a  tutor  in  Albany  academy  and 
professor  of  mathematics  there  in  1852-57,  and 
principal.  1857-63.  He  was  professor  of  mathe 
matics  and  astromony  in  Rutgers  college,  1863-73, 
and  was  married,  Dec.  23,  1867,  to  Martha  Neilson 
of  New  York  city.  In  1873  he  went  to  Japan  as 
adviser  to  the  imperial  minister  of  education.  He 
was  superintendent  of  education  in  Tokyo,  1873- 
79,  and  aided  in  the  establishment  of  the  public 
school  system  of  Japan.  He  laid  the  facts  in 
regard  to  the  Japanese  indemnity  before  the  44th 
congress  in  1875-76,  which  resulted  in  its  return. 
He  visited  the  Centennial  exposition  of  1876  in 


MURRAY 


MURRAY 


the  interests  of  Japan,  and  made  a  collection  for 
its  museums.  He  was  secretary  of  the  regents  of 
the  University  of  the  State  of  New  York,  1880-89  : 
a  lecturer  on  the  history  of  education  in  Japan 
at  Johns  Hopkins  university  in  1897,  and  in  1889 
took  up  his  residence  in  New  Brunswick,  N.J. 
He  received  the  degree  of  Ph.D.  from  the  Uni 
versity  of  the  State  of  New  York  in  1863  ;  LL.D. 
from  Rutgers  college  in  187:3.  and  from  Union 
college  in  1874.  and  the  decoration  of  the  Rising 
Sun  from  the  Japanese  emperor  in  1878.  He  is 
the  author  of  :  n  Manual  of  Land-Surveying  (1809) : 
Story  of  Japan  (1894)  ;  Anti-  rent  Episode  in  New 
York  (189(5)  ;  History  of  Education  in  New  Jersey 
(1899).  and  various  pamphlets.  He  edited  Japa 
nese  Education  (1876)  ;  prepared  and  edited  the 
Centennial  History  of  Delaware  County,  N.Y., 
(1898). 

MURRAY,  EH  Houston,  governor  of  Utah,  was 
born  in  Cloverport,  Breckinridge  com  ty,  Ky., 
Feb.  10,  1843 ;  son  of  Col.  David  R.  and  Ann 
Maria  (Allen)  Crittenden  Murray,  and  grandson 
of  Col.  John  and  Jane  (Logan)  Allen.  He  was 
educated  under  private  tutors,  and  in  1861  re 
cruited  a  company  for  the  3d  Kentucky  cavalry 
under  Col.  S.  Jackson,  and  was  elected  captain. 
He  was  promoted  major  in  November,  1861,  and 
colonel.  Aug.  13,  1862,  on  the  death  of  Colonel 
Jackson.  He  was  attached  to  the  Army  of  the  Ten 
nessee  and  served  in  Mundy's  brigade,  Kennett's 
division,  Stanley's  cavalry  corps.  At  Stone's 
river,  Dec.  31,  1862,  his  regiment  prevented  the 
Confederate  cavalry  cutting  communications  in 
the  rear  of  the  Federal  army  and  destroying  their 
supplies,  and  in  November,  1863,  he  was  sta 
tioned  at  Caperton's  Ferry,  Term.  In  the  Atlantic 
campaign  he  commanded  the  3d  brigade,  Kil- 
patrick's  3d  division,  Elliott's  cavalry  corps,  and 
in  the  battle  of  Resaca,  May  13-16,  1864,  when 
General  Kilpatrick  was  detached  on  special  ser 
vice,  commanded  the  division.  He  subsequently 
was  with  Gen.  E.  M.  MeCook's  cavalry  detach 
ment  in  western  Kentucky  and  in  1865  was 
brevetted  brigadier-general  of  volunteers.  He 
was  graduated  at  the  Louisville  Law  school 
in  1866,  and  was  U.S.  marshal  for  Kentucky, 
1869-67.  He  was  married  in  1876  to  Evelyn 
Neale  of  Louisville.  He  was  manager  of  the 
Louisville  Commercial,  1876-80,  and  in  1880  was 
appointed  by  President  Hayes  governor  of  Utah 
Territory  and  served  under  reappointment  of 
President  Arthur,  until  1885,  when  he  resigned. 
He  laid  the  foundation  for  the  abolishment  of 
polygamy  in  Utah  by  reporting  its  many  evils 
to  congress.  He  made  his  home  in  Bowling  Green, 
Ky.,  where  lie  died.  Nov.  18.  1896. 
t  MURRAY,  James  Ormsbee,  educator,  wasborn 
in  Camden,  S.C.,  Nov.  27,  1827  ;  son  of  James  Syng 
arid  Aurelia  Powell  (Pearce)  Murray  ;  grandson 


of  John  and  Elizabeth  (Syng)  Murray,  and  great 
grandson  of  Philip  Syng.  a  friend  of  Benjamin 
Franklin.  His  father  removed  to  Springfield, 
Ohio,  in  1836,  where  lie  was  prepared  for  college, 
and  lie  matriculated  at  Brown  university  in  1844. 
He  was  absent  two  years  on  account  of  ill  health, 
and  was  graduated  valedictorian  in  1850.  He 
was  an  instructor  in  Greek  at  Brown  universitv. 
1851-52  :  was  graduated  from  Andover  theological 
seminary  in  1854.  and  was  pastor  of  the  Congre 
gational  church  at  South  Danvers,  Mass..  1S5-1-61. 
He  was  married.  Sept.  22,  1856,  to  Julia  Richards 
Houghton  of  Boston.  He  was  pastor  at  C'ani- 
bridgeport,  Mass.,  1861-65 ;  associate  pastor  of 
the  Presbyterian  i;  Brick  church ",  New  York 
city,  1865-73,  and  pastor,  1873-75.  He  was 
Holmes  professor  of  belles  lettres  and  English 
language  at  Princeton  university,  1875-99,  and 
was  dean  of  the  faculty,  1886-99.  He  was  a 
trustee  of  Princeton  theological  seminary.  1867- 
99;  a  director  of  the  seminary.  1874-99:  vice- 
president  of  the  board  of  trustees,  1889-99.  He 


[630] 


wTas  also  a  trustee  of  Union  theological  seminary, 
1869-82.  The  honorary  degree  of  D.D.  was 'con 
ferred  on  him  by  the  College  of  Ne\v  Jersey  in 
1867,  that  of  A.M.  in  1896,  and  that  of  LL.D.  by 
Brown  university  in  1886.  The  Murray  chair  of 
English  at  Princeton  was  named  in  his  honor. 
He  compiled  and  edited  The.  Sacrifice  of  Praise 
(1869);  and  edited  J.  Lewis  Dinian's  Orations 
and  Essays  (1881).  He  is  the  author  of  :  (,'eorge 
Ide  Chace,  a  Memorial  (1886);  William  (lam- 
mell,  LL.D.,  a  Biographical  Sketch  -with  Selec 
tions  from  his  writings  (1890);  Francis  Wai/land 
(1891);  Selections  from  the  Poetical  Works  of  Wil 
liam  Cowper  (189S).  His  lectures  and  addresses 
include:  The  Debt  of  Civilization  to  Literature 
(1883);  The  Study  of  English  Literature  (1886): 
Skepticism  in  Literature  (1893),  and  Religions 
Belief  in  Literature  (1895);  the  last  two.  Stone 
lectures  delivered  at  Princeton  theological  semi 
nary.  He  died  at  Princeton,  N.J.,  March  27,  1899. 
MURRAY,  John,  clergyman,  was  born  in  Alton, 
Hampshire,  England.  Dec.  10,  1741.  He  removed 
to  Cork,  Ireland,  1752,  and  attended  school  there. 


MURRAY 


MURRAY 


He  became  a  Methodist  preacher,  and  in  1760 
returned  to  England  where  he  adopted  (Jniversa- 
list  doctrines.  In  1770  he  immigrated  to  America 
and  preached  in  several  New  England  cities. 
Upon  the  outbreak  of  the  Revolutionary  war  he 
\vas  chaplain  of  a  brigade  of  Rhode  Island  in 
fantry,  but  ill  health  compelled  him  to  return  to 
Gloucester,  Mass.,  where  he  established  a  Univer- 
salist  society.  He  was  a  member  of  the  first 
Universalist  convention  that  met  at  Oxford, 
Mass.,  in  1758.  and  adopted  the  name  of  Indepen 
dent  Christian  Universalists.  He  was  in  charge 
of  a  society  in  Boston,  1703-1815.  and  was  known  as 
the  "  Father  of  Universalism  ".  although  his  doc 
trines  differed  from  those  afterwards  recognized 
by  that  denomination.  He  was  married  in  1788 
to  Judith  (Sargent)  Stevens,  a  sister  of  Winthrop 
Sargent.  She  contributed  to  the  Massachusetts 
Magazine  and  the  Boston  Weekly  Magazine  under 
tlif  pen  name  "  Constantia "  and  was  editor  of 
the  Repository  and  (f  leaner  (3  vols.,  1708),  and  of 
An  Autobiography  of  John  Murray  (1816).  She 
-died  in  Natchez.  Miss.,  June  (5.  1820.  Mr.  Murray 
is  the  author  of  Letters  and  Sketches.  He  died  in 
Boston.  Mass..  Sept.  3.  1M5. 

MURRAY,  John  M'Kane,  author,  was  born  in 
Glenarilfe.  county  Antrim.  Ireland.  Dec.  12,1847. 
He  immigrated  to  New  York  with  his  parents,  and 
was  educated  at  St.  John's  college.  Fordham,  and 
was  graduated  in  medicine  from  the  University 
of  the  City  of  New  York.  lie  practised  medicine 
in  Brooklyn,  N.Y.,  until  1880,  also  devoting  him 
self  to  literary  work.  He  became  a  victim  to 
phthisis,  and  spent  the  last  five  years  of  his  life  in 
seeking  health.  He  spoke  and  read  six  languages, 
and  contributed  regularly  to  Roman  Cafholic 
periodicals.  He  answered  the  attacks  made  on 
the  Roman  Catholic  church  and  its  institutions, 
and  was  influential  in  securing  the  removal  of 
many  objectionable  references  to  that  church 
from  text  hooks.  He  revised  Kerney's  "General 
History."  and  was  revising  Lingard's  "  History 
of  England  ''  when  he  died.  He  received  a  medal 
and  a  letter  from  Pope  Pius  IX.  for  his  Popiihy 
History  of  the  Catholic  Church  in  America  (1876). 
He  is  also  the  author  of  :  The  Prose  and  Poetry 
of  Ireland  (1877) ;  The,  Catholic  Heroes  and  Hero 
ines  of  America  (\X~tf):  Little  Lives  of  the  Great 
Saints  (1879).  Tlte  Catholic  Pioneers  of  America 
(1881),  and  Lessons  in  English  Literature  (1883). 
He  died  in  Chicago,  111..  July  30.  1885. 

MURRAY,  Lindley,  grammarian,  was  born  in 
Swatara,  Pa.,  April  22.  1745;  son  of  Robert 
Murray.  His  parents  were  Quakers,  and  he  was 
educated  in  the  Friends  school  in  Philadelphia. 
His  father  settled  in  New  York  city  in  1753,  and  lie 
was  trained  fora  mercantile  career.  He  ran  away 
from  home  in  1750  to  escape  the  severity  of  his 
father  and  began  a  course  of  study  at  Burlington, 


N.J.  He  returned  to  his  home  in  New  York 
shortly  afterward,  was  supplied  with  a  tutor  by 
his  father,  and  with  John  Jay  was  a  pupil  in  law 
under  Benjamin  Kissam,  1761-65.  He  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in  1765,  being  licensed  to  practise 
in  all  the  courts  in  the  province,  and  shortly 
afterward  went  to  England,  where  he  remained 
until  1771.  He  practised  law,  1771-75,  and  in 
1775  retired  to  Islip,  Long  Island,  and  spent  four 
years  in  out-door  employment  and  pleasure.  He 
returned  to  New  York  city  in  1779  and  under  the 
direction  of  his  father  made  a  fortune  in  com 
mercial  speculation.  He  retired  from  active  life 
at  the  close  of  the  Revolution  and  resided  first  on 
the  Hudson  and  afterward  at  Bethlehem,  Pa., 
but  ill  health  forced  him  to  live  in  England 
and  he  settled  at  Holdgate  near  York,  in  1784. 
He  was  confined  to  his  room  for  sixteen  years  by 
a  muscular  affection.  He  devoted  himself  to 
study  and  literary  work,  collected  a  library  of 
historical,  philological  and  theological  works, 
and  wrote  "Murray's  English  Grammar"  and 
"Murray's  English  Reader",  introduced  into  all 
the  English  and  American  schools.  He  made  a 
study  of  botany  during  the  last  years  of  his  life, 
and  his  garden  in  its  variety  and  rarity  excelled 
the  Royal  gardens  at  Kews.  The  date  of  his 
marriage  was  June  22,  1767.  Besides  his  English 
and  French  readers  and  spelling  books  he  is  the 
author  of  :  The  Power  of  Religion  on  the  Mind 
(1787):  English  Grammar  (1795);  Selections  from 
Bishop  Home's  Commentaries  on  the  Psalms 
(  1812)  ;  Biographical  Sketch  of  Henry  Tuke 
(1815);  Compendium  of  Religions  Faith  and 
Practice :  designed  for  Young  Persons  of  the 
Society  of  Friends  (1815),  and  On  the  Duty  and 
Benefit  of  a  Daily  Perusal  of  the  Scriptures  (1817). 
See  Memoirs  of  the  Life  and  Writings  of  Lindley 
Murray  in  a  Series  of  Letters  u'ritten  by  himself, 
u-ith  a  Preface  and  Continuation  by  Elizabeth 
Frank  (1826).  He  died  at  Holdgate,  near  York, 
England,  Feb.  16.  1N20. 

MURRAY,  Nicholas,  clergyman,  was  born  in 
Ballynaskea,  county  Westmeath,  Ireland,  Dec. 
25,  1802  ;  son  of  Nicholas  and  Judith  (Magum) 
Murray.  He  attended  school  in  Ireland  until 
1814,  when  he  was  apprenticed  for  three  years 
as  a  merchant's  clerk,  and  being  cruelly  treated 
ran  a\vay,  and  in  July,  1818,  arrived  in  New  York 
city.  His  mother  it  is  said  had  him  cursed  from 
the  altar  of  the  Roman  Catholic  church  for  his 
disobedience.  He  entered  the  employ  of  Harper 
and  Brothers,  printers,  and  resided  with  the 
family.  He  was  converted  to  the  Methodist  and 
later  to  the  Presbyterian  faith  and  deciding  to  en 
ter  the  ministry  he  attended  the  academy  at  Am- 
herst,  Mass.,  1821-22,  was  graduated  at  Williams 
college,  A.B.,  1826,  A.M.,  1820,  and  studied  at 
Princeton  theological  seminary,  1826-28.  He 


[681] 


MURRAY 


served  as  an  agent  for  the  American  Tract  society 
during  his  student  days,  and  was  ordained  by  the 
presbytery  of  Susquehanna,  Nov.  4,  1829.  He  was 
pastor  at  Wilkesbarre  and  Kingston,  Pa.,  1829-33  ; 
and  at  Elizabethtown,  N.J.,  1353-61.  He  was 
secretary  of  the  Foreign  Missionary  Society  of  the 
Presbyterian  Church  in  183"),  moderator  of  the 
general  assembly,  1849,  and  a  founder  of  the  New 
Jersey  Historical  society.  He  was  a  trustee  of 
Princeton  theological  seminary,  1835-61  :  a  direc 
tor,  1836-61  ;  and  a  trustee  of  Williams  college, 
1860-61.  He  received  the  degree  D.D.  from  Wil 
liams  college  in  1843.  In  1847  lie  wrote  over  the 
signature  "  Kir  wan  "  a  series  of  letters  published 
in  the  New  York  Observer,  to  Archbishop  Hughes, 
in  which  lie  attacked  the  doctrine  of  the  Roman 
Catholic  church.  These  resulted  in  a  controversy 
between  the  two,  Bishop  Hughes's  letters  being 
published  in  the  Freeman's  Journal.  He  delivered 
.  several  lectures  on  "Popery,"  and  in  1851  and 
1860  visited  Ireland,  where  he  preached  and 
lectured  against  the  Roman  Catholic  church. 
He  was  married  in  January,  1830.  to  Eliza  J., 
daughter  of  the  Rev.  Morgan  John  Rhees  of 
Pennsylvania.  He  is  the  author  of  :  Notes,  His 
torical  and  Biographical,  concerning  Elizabeth- 
town,  N.J.  (1844);  Letters  to  the  Right  Rev.  John 
Hughes  (1848,  enlarged  edition  1855) ;  Romanism 
at  Home  (1852);  Men  and  Things  as  I  saw  them 
in  Europe  (1853);  Parish  and  Pencilling  s  (1854); 
Tlie  Happy  Home  (1859);  Preachers  and  Preaching 
(1860),  and  A  Dying  Legacy  to  the  People  of  my 
Beloved  Charge,  sermon  (1861).  See  Memoir  by 
Samuel  I.  Prime  (1862).  He  died  in  Elizabeth- 
town,  N.J.,  Feb.  4,  1861. 

MURRAY,  Robert,  surgeon -general,  was  born 
in  Howard  county,  Md.,  Aug.  6,  1822;  son  of 
Daniel  and  Mary  (Dorsey)  Murray  ;  grandson  of 
Dr.  James  and  Sarah  (Maynadier)  Murray  and  of 
Edward  and  Elizabeth  Dorsey,  and  a  descendant 
of  Dr.  William  Murray,  born  in  Scotland, 
who  came  to  Cambridge,  Maryland,  in  1716,  and 
of  Col.  Edward  Dorsey,  born  in  Essex  county, 
England,  who  came  to  St.  Mary's  county,  Md., 
about  1645.  He  was  graduated  from  the  Univer 
sity  of  Pennsylvania,  M.D.,  1843  ;  was  appointed 
assistant  surgeon  U.S.A.,  June  29,  1846;  cap 
tain  and  assistant  surgeon  in  1851,  and  major 
and  surgeon,  June  23,  1860.  He  was  brevetted 
lieutenant-colonel  and  colonel,  March  13,  1865, 
for  faithful  and  meritorious  services  during  the 
war.  He  was  appointed  assistant  medical  pur 
veyor  and  lieutenant-colonel,  U.S.A.,  1866;  was 
promoted  colonel  and  surgeon,  June  20,  1876 ; 
colonel  and  assistant  surgeon-general,  Dec.  14, 
1882  ;  brigadier-general  and  surgeon -general,  Nov. 
23,  1883,  and  was  retired  from  active  service  in 
the  army.  Aug.  6,  1886,  by  operation  of  law. 
After  1886  he  made  his  home  at  Eldridge,  Md. 


MURRAY,  Thomas  Hamilton,  journalist  and 
historian,  was  born  in  Brookline,  Mass.,  May  25, 
1857;  son  of  Robert  and  Margaret  (McGinnis) 
Murray  ;  grandson  of  Thomas  and  Ellen  (Mc 
Carthy)  Murray,  and  great-grandson  of  Luke 
and  Mary  (Porter)  Murray.  His  father  was  bom 
in  Cork  county,  Ireland,  and  his  mother  at  Corn- 
wallis,  Nova  Scotia,  of  Irish  parentage.  He  was 
educated  in  the  schools  of  Brookline,  Newton, 
Cambridge  and  Boston,  Mass.;  engaged  in  daily 
journalism  at  Boston  for  several  years  ;  edited 
daily  papers  in  Providence,  R.I.,  Bridgeport  and 
Meriden,  Conn.,  Lawrence,  Mass.,  and  Woon- 
socket,  R.I.;  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the 
American-Irish  Historical  society  in  1897,  and  was 
elected  secretary-general  of  the  same.  He  was 
married,  April  13,  1885,  to  Mary  H.  Sullivan  of 
Boston,  Mass.  He  is  the  author  of  many  papers 
on  historical,  genealogical,  literary  and  educa 
tional  subjects,  and  in  collaboration  with  the 
Hon.  John  C.  Linehan  of  Concord,  N.H., 
wrote :  Irish  Schoolmasters  in  the  American 
Colonies,  1640-1775  (1898),  and  with  George 
Washington  of  Dublin,  Ireland,  The  IrisJi  Waxh- 
ingtons  at  Home  and  Abroad  (1898).  Among  his 
published  papers  are :  Tlie  Libraries  of  Boston 
(1882)  ;  The  Old  Schoolmasters  of  Boston  (1884); 
The  Mason  Name  in  New  England  History  (1884) ; 
The  Thayers  in  America  (1884)  ;  Thirty  Historic 
American  Families  (1889)  ;  The  Irisli  Chapter  in 
the  History  of  Brown  University  (1896)  ;  The  Irish 
Soldiers  in  King  Philip's  War,  1675-6  (1896) ;  The 
Dempsey  Name,  Old  and  Puissant  (1896)  :  Some 
Patricks  of  the  American  Revolution  (1897)  ;  Five 
Colonial  Rhode  Islanders  (1897)  ;  The  Irish  Mnr- 
rays  and  TJieir  American  Descendants  (1900); 
The  Romance  of  Sarah  Alexander  (mother  of 
Commodore  Perry)  (1901) ;  The  Story  of  Miss 
Fitzgerald,  Dartmouth,  Mass.,  1687  (19Q1)  ;  Rich 
ard  Dexter,  Irishman,  Massachusetts  Bay  Colo 
nist,  1641  (1902). 

HURRAY,  William  Henry  Harrison,  author, 
was  born  in  Guilford,  Conn.,  April  26,  1841  ;  son 
of  Dickinson  and  Sally  (Munger)  Murray  ;  grand 
son  of  Calvin  and  Diadema  (Norton)  Murray  and 
of  Chauncey  Munger  ;  great-grandson  of  John 
Murray,  and  a  descendant  of  John  Murray,  a 
Scottish  Highlander,  who  came  to  America  in 
1635,  and  of  Theodore  Munger,  who  came  over 
with  the  original  settlers  to  Guilford  in  1638. 
He  was  fitted  for  college  at  Guilford  institute ; 
was  graduated  from  Yale,  A. B.,  1862;  studied 
theology  at  East  Windsor,  Conn.,  and  under  pri 
vate  instructors,  and  became  a  Congregational 
minister  in  1863.  He  preached  in  Connecticut, 
1863-68,  being  acting  pastor  at  Washington.  1863- 
64  •,  pastor  at  Greenwich,  1864-66,  and  at  Meriden, 
1866-68.  He  was  pastor  of  the  Park  Street 
church,  Boston,  Mass.,  until  1874,  when  he  re- 


[632] 


MURRAY 


MUSSEY 


signed  and  engaged  in  literary  work  for  one  year. 
He  was  preacher  and  pastor  of  the  Independent 
Congregational  church  worshipping  in  Music 
Hall,  Boston,  1875-78,  and  then  retired  from  the 
ministry  to  devote  himself  to  travel  and  author 
ship.  He  was  married  in  1886  to  Frances  Mary 
Rivers,  and  had  four  daughters.  His  published 
works  include :  Adventures  in  the  Wilderness 
(1808) ;  Sermons  Delivered  in  Park  Street  Church 
and  Music  Hall,  Boston  (1870-78)  ;  Words  Fitly 
Spoken  (1873)  ;  The  Perfect  Horse  (1873) ;  Adiron 
dack  Tales  (6  vols.,  1877-97)  ;  Daylight  Land 
(1888)  ;  Canadian  Idyls,  Mamelons  (1890) ;  Cana 
dian  Idyls,  Ungava  (1890)  ;  Holiday  Tales  (1897)  ; 
Apple  Tree's  Easter  (1900);  How  I  am  Educating 
My  Daughters  (1901). 

HURRAY,  William  Vans,  diplomatist,  was 
born  in  Cambridge,  Md.,  in  1762;  son  of  Henry 
Murray  ;  grandson  of  William  Murray,  who  came 
from  Scotland  to  Cambridge,  Md.,  in  1716,  and 
a  descendant  on  his  mother's  side  of  Bartholomew 
Ennalls,  who  came  to  Maryland  about  1669. 
William  Vans  Murray  was  educated  in  Maryland 
until  1783,  when  he  went  to  London,  England, 
and  studied  law  in  the  Temple.  He  returned  to 
Maryland  in  1785,  practised  law  and  represented 
Dorchester  county  in  the  Maryland  legislature. 
He  was  a  Federalist  representative  in  the  3d,  3d 
and  4th  congresses  and  served  from  Oct.  24,  1791, 
to  March  3,  1797.  In  1797  he  was  appointed  by 
President  Washington  U.S.  minister  to  the 
Netherlands,  where  he  restored  the  harmony 
which  had  been  interrupted  through  the  influ 
ence  of  France.  He  was  appointed  by  President 
Adams  sole  envoy-extraordinary  to  France  in 
1799,  but  was  afterward  associated  witli  Judge 
Oliver  Ellsworth  and  Gov.  William  R.  Davie. 
The  Convention  of  Paris,  Sept.  30,  1800,  which 
put  an  end  to  the  difficulty  between  France  and 
the  United  States,  was  accomplished  mainly 
through  his  efforts.  He  returned  to  his  duties  in 
the  Netherlands  in  October,  1800.  and  in  1801  re 
signed  and  returned  to  Maryland.  He  published 
The  Constitution  and  Laws  of  the  United  States, 
a  pamphlet.  He  died  at  Cambridge,  Dorchester 
county,  Md.,  Dec.  11,  1803. 

MUSGRAVE,  George  Washington,  clergy 
man,  was  born  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Oct.  19, 1804  ; 
son  of  Joseph  and  Catharine  (Schaumenkessel) 
Musgrave.  He  was  prepared  for  the  junior  class 
of  the  College  of  New  Jersey  at  Dr.  Samuel  B. 
Wy lie's  classical  academy,  but  ill  health. pre 
vented  his  entering,  and  he  continued  his  studies 
privately  and  attended  Princeton  Theological 
seminary,  1826-27.  He  was  licensed  by  the  pres 
bytery  of  Baltimore,  Nov.  5,  1828,  and  engaged 
in  city  mission  work.  He  was  ordained  pastor  of 
the  3d  Presbyterian  church  of  Baltimore,  July 
25,  1830,  and  served,  1830-52  ;  was  corresponding 


secretary  of  the  Presbyterian  Board  of  Publica 
tion,  1852-53,  and  of  the  Board  of  Domestic  Mis 
sions,  1853-61  and  1868.  He  was  pastor  of  the 
North  Penn  church,  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  1863-68; 
moderator  of  the  General  assembly,  1868  :  presi 
dent  of  the  Presbyterian  Alliance,  Philadelphia, 
1870-82,  and  was  chairman  of  the  joint  committee 
on  reconstruction  between  the  old  and  new  school 
branches  of  the  church.  He  was  president  of 
the  board  of  trustees  of  the  Presbyterian  Histori 
cal  society.  1876-82  ;  of  the  Presbyterian  hospital 
for  several  years  ;  a  director  of  the  Princeton 
Theological  seminary,  1837-82,  and  a  trustee  of  the 
College  of  New  Jersey,  1859-82.  The  honorary 
degree  of  S.T.D.  was  conferred  on  him  by  the 
College  of  New  Jersey  in  1845  and  that  of  LL.D. 
by  the  University  of  Indiana  in  1862.  He  is  the 
author  of :  Polity  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
Church  in  the  United  States  (1843);  sermons: 
Sermon  on  the  death  of  Maj.  James  Owen  Law 
(1847);  Vindication  of  Religious  Liberty  (1834)  ; 
Brief  Exposition  and  Vindication  of  the  Doctrine 
of  the  Divine  Decrees  (1842) ;  Sermon  on  the  Death 
of  the  Rev.  Dr.  William  Nevins  (1835).  He  died 
in  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Aug.  24,  1882. 

MLJSLCK,  John  Roy,  author,  was  born  in  St. 
Louis,  Mo.,  Feb.  28,  1849.  He  was  graduated 
at  Northern  Missouri  State  Normal  school,  B.S., 
1874,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1877.  He 
practised  in  Kirkville,  Mo.,  1877-82,  and  was 
U.S.  commissioner  there  for  ten  years.  In  1882 
he  gave  up  the  practice  of  law  to  devote  himself 
to  literature.  He  was  married,  June  13,  1876,  to 
Augusta  P.  Roszelle.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
Society  of  American  Authors ;  of  the  Western 
Authors'  Club  of  Kansas  City,  and  of  the  Authors' 
Guild  of  New  York,  of  which  he  was  twice  elected 
president.  He  is  the  author  of  :  Brother  against 
Brother ;  Banker  of  Bedford  ;  Calamity  Row ; 
Columbian  Historical  Novels  (12  vols.  1891  et  seq.) ; 
History  Stories  of  Missouri  (1897)  ;  Hawaii:  Our 
New  Possessions  (1898)  ;  The  War  with  Spain 
(1898)  ;  Lights  and  Shadoivs  of  the  War  ivith 
Spain  (1898)  ;  His  Brother's  Crime;  Cuba  Libre. 
He  died  in  Omaha,  Neb.,  from  injuries  received 
while  rescuing  the  injured  after  a  cyclone  at 
Kirkville,  Mo.,  April  14,  1901. 

MUSSEY,  Ellen  Spencer,  educator  and  law 
yer,  was  born  in  Geneva,  Ohio,  May  13,  1850 ; 
daughter  of  Platt  R.  and  Persis  (Duty)  Spencer  ; 
granddaughter  of  Caleb  Spencer,  a  Revolutionary 
soldier,  and  a  descendant  on  the  maternal  side 
from  Moses  Warren,  an  officer  of  the  war  of  the 
Revolution,  and  on  the  paternal  side  from  the 
English  Spencer  family.  Her  father  was  author 
of  the  Spencerian  system  of  penmanship.  She 
attended  private  academies,  was  principal  of  the 
ladies  department,  Spencerian  college,  D.C..  and 
married  in  1871  Gen.  Reuben  D.  Mussey.  She 


1.G33] 


MUSSEY 


MUTCHMOKE 


studied  law  and  was  associated  with  her  hus 
band  in  practice  in  Washington,  D.C.,  until  his 
death  in  1892.  when  she  continued  the  practice 
alone.  She  was  attorney  for  several  foreign  lega 
tions  :  for  many  national,  patriotic  and  labor 
organizations  :  was  an  incorporate!'  of,  and 
attorney  for,  the  American  National  Red  Cross 
society,  and  was  appointed  a  delegate  to  the 
seventh  international  conference  of  the  so 
ciety  at  St.  Petersburg,  May,  1902.  She  was 
president  of  the  Legion  of  Loyal  Women  ;  founder 
and  dean  of  the  Washington  College  of  Law, 
and  professor  of  the  law  of  torts  and  of  corpor 
ation  law  at  the  college.  She  secured  the  pas 
sage  of  the  bill  giving  to  each  parent  the 
same  right  to  their  children  ;  also,  giving  mar 
ried  women  the  right  to  engage  in  business  and 
-control  their  own  earnings,  and  secured  the  first 
appropriation  for  a  public  kindergarten  in  the 
District  of  Columbia.  The  degree  of  LL.M.  was 
conferred  on  her  by  Washington  College  of  Law, 
in  1899. 

MUSSEY,  Reuben  Dimond,  surgeon  and  edu 
cator,  was  born  at  Pelham,  Hillsboro  county, 
N.H.,  June  23,  1780  ;  son  of  Dr.  John  and  Beulah 
(Butler)  Mussey.  He  taught  school  and  worked 
on  a  farm  to  obtain  money  to  complete  his  educa 
tion.  He  was  graduated  from  Dartmouth,  A.B., 
1803,  A.M.,  1806,  M.D.,  1806,  and  practised  in  Essex, 
1806-09,  meanwhile  attending  a  course  of  lectures 
in  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  where  he  was 
graduated  M.D.,  1809.  He  removed  to  Salem, 
Mass.,  where  he  practised  medicine  and  surgery 
with  Dr.  Daniel  Oliver,  1809-14.  He  was  profes 
sor  of  theory  and  practice  of  medicine  at  Dart 
mouth,  1814-20,  and  professor  of  anatomy  and 
surgery,  1822-38,  meanwhile  engaging  in  general 
practice  in  Hanover  and  lecturing  occasionally 
on  materia  medica  and  obstetrics.  In  1818  he 
delivered  a  course  of  lectures  on  chemistry  at 
Middlebury  college,  Vt.,  and  also  lectured  on 
anatomy  and  surgery  at  Bowdoin  college,  1833-35, 
and  at  the  medical  college  at  Fail-field,  N.Y.  He 
was  professor  of  surgery  at  the  Ohio  Medical  col 
lege,  1838-53,  and  at  Miami  Medical  college,  1852- 
58.  He  resided  in  Boston,  Mass.,  1858-66.  He 
was  the  first  to  prove  that  intra-capsular  frac 
tures  could  be  united  ;  the  first  to  tie  both 
carotid  arteries,  and  in  1877  removed  the  entire 
shoulder-blade  and  collar-bone  of  an  osteo-sarcoma 
patient.  He  was  president  of  the  New  Hamp 
shire  Medical  society  ;  a  fellow  of  Philadelphia 
Medical  college  :  honorary  member  of  the  Massa 
chusetts  Medical  society,  and  of  tlie  American 
Academy  of  Arts  and  Sciences.  He  was  twice 
married  ;  first  to  Mary  Sewall,  and  secondly  to 
Hetty,  daughter  of  Dr.  Osgood  of  Salem,  Mass. 
Of  his  children,  William  Heberdon  (1818-1882) 
became  an  eminent  surgeon  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio, 


was  professor  of  operative  and  chemical  surgery 
at  Miami  Medical  college,  1865-82  ;  surgeon-gen 
eral  of  Ohio  ;  manager  of  the  public  library  of 
Cincinnati,  1876-81,  and  founder  of  the  Mussey 
scientific  and  medical  library  there,  a  memorial  to 
his  father.  Another  son,  Gen.  Reuben  D.,  was  a 
soldier  in  the  civil  war,  a  lawyer  in  Washington, 
D.C.,  and  the  husband  of  Ellen  Spencer  Mussey 
(q.v.)  Dr.  Musssey  received  the  honorary  degree 
of  A.M.  from  Harvard  in  1809,  and  that  of  LL.D. 
from  Dartmouth  in  1854.  He  is  the  author  of 
Health  :  Its  Friends  and  Foes  (1862).  He  died  in 
Boston,  Mass.,  June  21,  1866. 

MUTCHLER,  William,  representative,  was 
born  at  Chain  Darn,  near  Easton,  Pa.,  Dec.  21, 
1831;  son  of  John  (1792-1838),  and  Margaret 
(Melick)  Mutch ler  ;  grandson  of  Valentine  and 
Catharine  (Steinbach)  Mutchler,  and  great-grand 
son  of  Valentine  Mutchler,  who  came  from  near 
Hamburg,  Germany,  with  two  brothers,  on  the 
ship  Duke  of  Bedford  and  landed  in  Philadelphia. 
Sept.  14,  1751.  William  Mutchler  studied  law 
with  his  elder  brother,  Henry  Melick  Mutchler, 
and  practised  in  Easton,  Pa.,  1852-93.  He  was 
prothonotary  of  Northampton  county,  1860-66  : 
assessor  of  internal  revenue,  1867-69  ;  chairman 
of  the  Democratic  state  committee,  1869-70  ;  del 
egate  to  all  the  Democratic  national  conventions 
from  1876  until  his  death,  and  a  Democratic 
representative  from  the  eighth  district  of  Pennsyl 
vania  in  the  44th,  47th,  48th,  51st  and  52d  con 
gresses,  1875-77, 1881-85  and  1889-93.  In  1892  he 
was  elected  to  the  53d  congress  but  did  not  live  to 
take  his  seat.  His  son.  Howard  Mutchler,  proprie 
tor  and  editor  of  the  Easton  Daily  Express  and 
of  the  Northampton  Democrat,  succeeded  to  his 
seat  in  the  53d  congress.  1901-03.  William  Mutch 
ler  died  in  Easton,  Pa.,  June  23,  1893. 

MUTCHMORE,  Samuel  Alexander,  clergy 
man  and  editor,  was  born  in  Ohio,  May  12,  1830  ; 
son  of  Alexander  and  Mary  Brady  (McCune) 
Mutchmore,  and  grandson  of  Col.  Thomas  and 
Mary  (  Brady)  McCune.  His  father  was  a 
soldier  in  the  war  of  1812  and  his  maternal  grand 
mother  a  sister  of  Gen.  Hugh  and  Col.  Samuel 
Brady.  He  was  a  student  at  Ohio  university 
and  in  the  junior  class  of  Indiana  university, 

1853,  and  was  graduated   at  Centre  college,  Ky., 

1854.  He  was  a  student  in  the  Danville  Theologi 
cal  seminary,   1854-57  ;    was  home  missionary  at 
Bowling  Green  for  southern  Kentucky,  1858-59  : 
was  ordained  at  Columbia,  Mo.,    1859  ;  pastor  at 
Fulton,  Mo.,  1860-62  ;  at  Carondelet,  Mo.,  1863-66  ; 
of  Cohocksink   church,  Philadelphia,  1866-75  ;  of 
Alexander  Presbyterian  church.  1875-82,  and  of 
Memorial   church,  1882-98.     He   founded  also   a 
Collegiate  chapel,  19th  and  York  streets,  Phila 
delphia,  Pa.     He  purchased  a  half  interest  in  The 
Presbyterian  in   1873  ;   became  one  of  the  work- 

[884] 


MCZZEY 


MYER 


ing  editors,  and  was  sole  proprietor  and  chief 
editor  at  the  time  of  his  death.  He  was  mod 
erator  of  the  Presbyterian  synod  of  Pennsylvania, 
1891,  and  moderator  of  the  general  assembly  at 
Saratoga,  N.Y.,  1894.  He  was  married,  July  27, 
1882,  to  Mary  (Burtis)  Reynolds  of  Wilkesbarre, 
Pa.  He  received  the  honorary  degree  of  D.D. 
from  Lafayette  college  in  1871  and  that  of  LL.  D. 
from  Centre  college,  Ky.,  in  1894.  He  is  the 
author  of  :  Mites  against  Millions  (1882 ;)  The 
MogJiul,  The  Mongol,  The  Mikado  and  The  Mis 
sionary  (1887)  ;  Spiritual  Volapuk  (1890).  He 
died  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Oct.  80,  1898. 

MUZZEY,  Artemas  Bowers,  clergyman  and 
author,  was  born  in  Lexington.  Mass.,  Sept.  21, 
1802  ;  son  of  Amos  and  Lydia  (Boutelle)  Muzzey ; 
grandson  of  Amos  and  Abegail  (Bowers)  Muzzey, 
and  of  Timothy  Boutelle,  and  a  descendant 
of  Benjamin  and  Alice  (Dexter)  Muzzy.  He 
was  graduated  at  Harvard  A.B.,  1824,  A.M., 
1827,  B.D.,  1828.  He  was  ordained  to  the  Uni 
tarian  ministry,  June  10,  1830  ;  was  pastor  at 
Framingham,  Mass.,  1830-33;  at  Cambridgeport, 
1834-54  ;  at  Concord,  N.H.,  1854-57,  and  at  New- 
buryport,  Mass.,  1857-65.  He  retired  in  the 
latter  year  to  Cambridge,  Mass.,  and  devoted 
himself  to  literary  work,  and  also  filled  the  pulpit 
at  Chestnut  Hill,  Brookline,  Mass.,  for  several 
years.  He  was  an  overseer  at  Harvard,  1860-66  ; 
a  member  of  the  state  board  of  education,  and 
received  the  degree  D.D.  from  Tufts  in  1890. 
He  was  married,  June  26,  1831,  to  Hepsabeth, 
daughter  of  Enoch  Patterson  of  Boston,  Mass., 
and  secondly  to  Lucy  J.  Moseley  of  Newburyport, 
Mass.  He  is  the  author  of  :  The  Young  Man's 
Friend  (1836)  ;  Sunday-School  Guide  (1837)  ; 
Moral  Teacher  (1839)  ;  The  Young  Maiden  (1840); 
Man,  a  Soul  (1842)  ;  The  Fireside  (1849) ;  The  Sab- 
both  ScJiool  Hymn  and  Time-Book  (1855)  ;  Christ 
in  the  Will,  the  Heart,  and  the  Life,  sermons 
(1861)  ;  The  Blade  and  the  Ear,  Thoughts  for  a 
Young  Man  (1864)  ;  Value  of  Study  of  Intellectual 
Philosophy  to  the  Minister  (1869)  ;  The  Higher 
Education  (1871);  Personal  Recollections  of  the 
Rev.  Dr.  Channing  (1874-75)  ;  Immortality  in  the 
Sight  of  Scripture  and  Science  (1876)  ;  Personal 
Recollections  of  Men  in  the  Battle  of  Lexington 
(1877)  ;  Truths  Consequent  on  Belief  in  a  God 
(1879)  ;  Reminiscences  of  Men  of  the  Revolution 
and  their  Families  (1882)  ;  Education  of  Old  Age 
(1884),  and  Prime  Movers  of  the  Revolution 
knoivn  to  the  Writer  (1890).  He  died  in  Cam 
bridge,  Mass.,  April  21,  1892. 

MYER,  Albert  James,  scientist,  was  born  in 
Newburgh,  N.Y.,  Sept.  20,  1827  ;  son  of  Henry 
Beekmaii  and  Elinor  Pope  (McClanalian)  Myer  ; 
grandson  of  Simon  Johnson  and  Cornelia  (Thorn) 
Myer  and  of  Robert  and  Elinor  (Baird)  McClana 
lian,  and  a  descendant  of  Jan  Dircksen  and 


Tryntje  Andriesse  (Grevenraet)  Myer,  who  emi 
grated  from  Amsterdam  to  New  Amsterdam 
previous  to  1652.  He  was  graduated  at  Hobart 
college,  A.B.,  1847,  A.M.,  1850,  and  at  Buffalo 
Medical  college  in  1851.  He  entered  the  U.S. 
army  as  an  assistant  surgeon,  Sept.  18,  1854,  and 
served  in  Texas,  1854-57.  He  was  married,  Aug. 
24, 1857,  to  Catherine,  daughter  of  Judge  Ebenezer 
and  Susan  (Marvin)  Walden.  He  was  on  special 
signal  service  duty,  1858-60,  when  he  devised  a 
system  for  signalling  messages  with  accuracy 
and  rapidity  for  many  miles,  by  the  use  of  flags 
during  the  day  and  torches  at  night.  He  was 
promoted  major  and  signal  officer  of  the  U.S. 
army,  June  27,  1860  ;  served  on  the  department 
staff,  June  to  October,  1860,  and  in  the  depart 
ment  of  New  Mexico  until  May,  1861,  when  he 
engaged  in  expeditions  against  the  Navajo  In 
dians.  He  was  signal  officer  on  the  staff  of  Gen 
eral  Butler  ;  organized  and  commanded  the  signal 
camp  at  Fort  Monroe,  Va.  ;  served  as  aide-de 
camp  to  General  McDowell,  and  was  engaged  in 
the  first  battle  of  Bull  Run.  He  was  chief  signal 
officer  on  the  staff  of  General  McClellan,  estab 
lished  camps  of  instruction,  organized  signal 
parties  and  introduced  the  system  of  signalling 
at  the  U.S.  Naval  academy.  He  commanded  the 
signal  corps  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  parti 
cipated  in  the  advance  on  Manassas,  the  siege  of 
Yorktown  and  the  battles  of  Williamsburg,  West 
Point,  Hanover  Court  House,  Seven  Pines,  Fair 
Oaks,  Mechanics ville,  Gaines's  Mill,  Savage  Sta 
tion,  White  Oak  Swamp,  Malvern  Hill,  South 
Mountain  and  Antietam.  He  was  brevetted 
lieutenant-colonel,  May  27,  1862,  and  colonel, 
July  2,  1862,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services 
at  Hanover  Court  House  and  Malvern  Hill,  Va. 
He  had  charge  of  the  signal  office  at  Washington, 
D.C.  from  March  to  November,  1863  ;  was  pro 
moted  colonel,  March  3,  1863 ;  introduced  the 
study  of  military  signals  into  the  U.S.  Military 
academy  in  that  year,  and  was  a  member  of  the 
central  board  of  examination  for  admittance  to 
the  U.S.  signal  corps.  He  served  on  reconnois- 
sance  of  the  Mississippi  river  between  Cairo.  111., 
and  Memphis,  Tenn.,  December,  1863,  to  May, 
1864 ;  was  chief  signal  officer  of  the  military 
division  of  West  Mississippi  from  May,  1864,  to 
the  close  of  the  war  ;  served  on  the  staff  of 
General  Canby,  and  participated  in  the  capture  of 
Fort  Gaines.  He  was  brevetted  brigadier-general 
of  the  U.S.  army,  March  13,  1865,  for  distin 
guished  services  in  organizing,  instructing  and 
commanding  the  signal  corps  of  the  army  and 
for  its  special  service.  Oct.  5.  1864,  when  the  post 
and  provision  at  Allatoona,  Ga.,  were  saved  from 
capture  through  the  aid  of  the  signals.  He  was 
promoted  chief  signal  officer  with  the  rank  of 
colonel,  July  28,  1866,  and  on  Nov.  1,  1870,  having 


[U35] 


MYER 


MYERS 


been.  entrust9il  \vitli  the  experiments  in  tele 
graphing  and  .signalling  the  approach  and  force 
of  storms,  made  his  first  observations  which  wire 
received  at  twenty-four  stations  at  twenty-five 
minutes  of  eight  in  the  morning  and  on  Novem 
ber  8,  telegraphed  his  first  storm  warning  to  the 
stations  on  the  Great  Lakes.  He  represented  the 
United  States  at  the  international  congress  of 
meteorologists  in  Vienna  in  1873,  and  at  the 
meteorological  congress  at  Rome  in  1879.  He 
was  promoted  brigadier-general  by  congress, 
June  16,  1880,  as  a  reward  for  his  services.  In 
1875  he  established  a  daily  international  bulletin 
and  in  1878  a  daily  international  chart  in  connec 
tion  with  the  signal  service  bureau  ;  a  system  of 
day  and  night  signals  for  navigation,  and  a 
system  of  reports  for  the  benefit  of  interior  com 
merce  and  for  farmers.  Hobart  conferred  upon 
him  the  degree  of  LL.D.  in  1872  and  Union  that 
of  Ph.D.  in  1875.  He  is  the  author  of  Manual 
of  Signals  for  the  U.S.  Army  and  Navy  (1868). 
He  died  in  Buffalo,  N.Y.  Aug.  24,  1880. 

MYER,  Isaac,  lawyer  and  author,  was  born  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.,  March  5,  1836  ;  son  of  Isaac 
and  Margaretta  (Shade)  Myer  ;  grandson  of  Ben 
jamin  and  Sarah  (Riggs)  Myer  and  of  Peter  and 
Susannah  (Warner)  Shade,  and  a  descendant  of 
Martin  Janszen  Myer  and  of  Edward  Riggs,  whose 
son  Sargeant,  Edward  Riggs,  fought  in  the  Pequot 
war  with  the  men  from  Roxbury,  and  settled  in 
Newark,  N.J.,  in  1666.  Martin  Janszen  Myer 
emigrated  to  America  from  Holland  in  1653  or 
earlier,  and  was  a  member  of  the  Dutch  Reformed 
Church,  and  Edward  Riggs  emigrated  from  Naz- 
ing  parish,  Waltham  Abbey,  Essex  county,  Eng 
land,  in  the  spring  of  1633,  and  settled  in  Rox 
bury,  Mass.  He  was  originally  of  the  Anglican 
Church  but  emigrated  as  a  Puritan.  Isaac  at 
tended  the  academies  of  Philadelphia,  was  grad 
uated  from  the  law  department  of  the  Univer 
sity  of  Pennsylvania  in  1857,  and  practised  in 
Philadelphia  and  New  York.  He  was  married  in 
June,  1889,  to  Mary  H.  (Abbott)  Sharpsteen,  then 
of  New  York.  He  was  U.S.  commissioner  of 
western  Pennsylvania  in  1863  et  seq.  He  was 
elected  to  membership  in  numerous  societies,  in 
cluding  the  Numismatic  and  Antiquarian  society  ; 
the  Royal  Numismatic  society  of  Belgium  ;  the 
New  England  society,  the  Holland  society,  the 
Society  of  Colonial  wars,  the  Huguenot  Society  of 
America  ;  the  American  Oriental  society  ;  the  New 
York  and  Pennsylvania  historical  societies, and  the 
Society  of  American.  Authors.  His  library,  which 
was  rich  in  Oriental  subjects  and  included  many 
valuable  manuscripts  of  his  own,  he  bequeathed 
to  the  Lenox  library.  He  devoted  himself  to 
literary  and  archaeological  work  and  is  the  author 
of  :  Presidential  Power  over  Personal  Liberty 
(1862)  ;  The  Waterloo  Medal  (1885)  ;  The  Qtib- 


bulah  ;  The  Pliilosophy  of  Ibii,  Gelnrol,  or  Aviee~ 
bron  (1888)  ;  On  Dreams  by  Si/nesius  (1888)  ; 
Scurabs  (1894)  ;  The  Oldest  Books  in  the  World: 
Taken  from  the  Papyri  and  Monuments  (1900). 
He  died  at  Narraganset  Pier,  R.I.,  Aug.  2,  1902. 

MYERS,  Carl  Edgar,  aeronautical  engineer, 
was  born  at  Fort  Herkimer,  N.Y.,  March  2,  1842  , 
son  of  Abram  H.  and  Eliza  Ann  (Cristman)  Myers  ; 
and  grandson  of  Michael  Frederick  and  Margaret 
Myers  and  of  Jacob  and  Mary  Elizabeth  (Small) 
Cristman.  After  attending  the  common  schools 
he  was  employed  as  carpenter,  mechanician, 
plumber,  electrician  and  chemist,  to  1864;  banker, 
1861-67  ;  photographer,  1864-80  ;  printer,  1876-86, 
and  devoted  his  attention  chiefly  to  aeronautical 
engineering  after  1878.  He  became  known  as 
the  inventor  of  new  or  improved  systems  for  gen 
erating  gases,  and  as  the  constructor  of  hydrogen 
balloons  and  airships,  including  the  aerial  veloci 
pede,  gas  kite,  sky-cycle  and  electrical  aerial  tor 
pedo.  He  married,  Nov.  8,  1871,  Mary  Breed 
Hawley,  the  air  current  navigator  "  Carlotta." 
He  wrote  Aerial  Adventures  of  Carlotta  (1883) 
and  many  contributions  to  periodicals. 

MYERS,  Edward  Howell,  educator,  was  born 
in  Orange  county,  N.Y.,  in  1816.  He  removed 
to  Florida  with  his  parents  and  attended  school 
there  ;  was  graduated  from  Randolph-Macon  col 
lege,  Va.,  2d  in  the  class  of  1838,  A.M.,  in  1841. 
He  taught  in  the  Georgia  Conference  Manual 
Labor  school  at  Oxford,  Ga.,  an  institution  which 
subsequently  became  Emory  college.  He  was 
admitted  to  the  Georgia  conference  of  the 
Methodist  Episcopal  church  in  January,  1841 .  and 
was  an  itinerant  preacher,  1841-45.  He  was  pro 
fessor  of  national  science  at  the  Wesleyan 
Female  college,  Macon,  Ga.,  1845-51,  and  presi 
dent  of  the  college,  1851-54  and  1871-74.  He 
was  editor  of  the  Southern  Christian-  Advo<-af<>, 
Charleston,  S.C.,  1854-71.  He  was  pastor  of 
Trinity  church,  Savannah,  Ga.,  1874-76 :  was 
chairman  of  the  Southern  commission  that  met 
at  Cape  May,  N.J.,in  1876  to  bring  about  a  reunion 
of  the  Northern  and  Southern  Methodist  Episcopal 
churches,  and  had  about  completed  this  mission 
when  the  yellow  fever  broke  out  in  Savannah,  and 
he  immediately  rejoined  his  congregation  and 
died  of  fever  in  Savanah,  Ga.,  Sept.  26,  1876. 

MYERS,  Henry  van  Schoonhoven,  clergy 
man,  was  born  in  New  York  city.  May  27,  1842  ; 
son  of  James  and  Mary  Skid  more  (Wright)  Myers  ; 
grandson  of  Peter  Michael  and  Mary  (Van 
Schoonhoven)  Myers  and  of  Benjamin  and 
Martha  (Herriman)  Wright,  and  great-grandson 
of  Michael  Myers,  a  soldier  in  the  Continental 
army,  wounded  at  the  battle  of  Johnstown.  He 
prepared  for  college  at  the  Polytechnic  institute, 
Brooklyn,  N.Y..  was  a  student  at  the  University 
of  the  City  of  New  York,  1860-63,  and  was  grad- 


[636] 


MYERS 


MYLES 


uated  from  Williams  college.  A.B.,  1865,  A.M., 
180.S.  He  was  pastor  of  the  Reformed  Dutch 
el mrch  at  Upper  Red  Hook,  N.Y.,  1871-74  ;  of  the 
South  Reformed  church  of  Brooklyn,  N.Y. ,  1874- 
83  :  the  American  Reformed  church  at  Newburg, 
N.Y.,  1885-91  ;  the  Union  Reformed  church  of 
New  York  city,  1891-94,  and  was  installed  as 
pastor  of  the  Church  of  the  Comforter,  New  York 
city,  in  1894.  The  University  of  the  City  of  New 
York  gave  him  the  degree  of  D.D.  in  1885.  He 
was  married,  April  4,  1871.  to  Margaret  Blanche 
Martin  of  New  York  city,  and  of  his  children, 
Angle  Martin  Myers  became  a  physician  and 
labored  in  Amoy,  China,  and  Charles  Morris 
Myers  devoted  himself  to  missionary  work  in 
Steele  college.  Nagasaki,  Japan. 

MYERS,  Leonard,  representative,  was  born 
near  Attleborough,  Bucks  county,  Pa.,  Nov.  13, 
1827  :  son  of  Arnault  and  Fleurette  (Gottschalk) 
Myers.  He  attended  the  University  of  Pennsyl 
vania,  1843-43;  studied  law,  and  practised  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  was  a  Republican  repre 
sentative  in  the  38th-43d  congresses,  1803-75. 
During  the  threatened  invasion  of  Pennsylvania 
iu  September,  1863,  he  served  as  major  of  the  9th 
regiment  of  Pennsylvania  volunteers.  He  was 
married,  in  1853,  to  HettiedeBenneville,  daughter 
of  John  May  Keim  of  Reading,  Pa.  He  was 
solicitor  of  two  of  the  municipal  districts  of  Phil 
adelphia  before  the-  consolidation,  and  is  the 
author  of:  The  Village  Doctor  (1843) ;  Money  Hags 
and  Titles  (1850)  :  A  Diyrst  of  tlte  Ordinances  for 
tli.e  Consolidation  of  the  City  of  Pliiladelpliia 
(1874) ;  translations  from  the  French,  and  many 
articles  from  the  leading  magazines  and  news 
papers.  His  last  service  politically  was  as  a  presi 
dential  elector  on  the  McKinley  and  Hobart 
ticket,  serving,  in  January,  1897,  as  president  of 
the  Pennsylvania  electorial  college.  On  retiring 
from  public  life,  Mr  Myers  resumed  the  practice 
of  law  in  Philadelphia. 

MYERS,  Philip  Van  Ness,  educator,  was  born 
in  Tribes  Hill,  N.  Y..  Aug.  10.  1840  ;  son  of  Jacob 
and  Catharine  L.  (Morris)  Myers.  He  attended 
Gihnore  academy,  BallstonSpa,  N.Y.,  was  gradu 
ated  from  Williams  college,  A.B.,  1871,  A.M., 
1874,  and  studied  at  Yale  law  school.  1873-74.  He 
was  principal  of  Pompey  academy,  N.Y. ,  1869-70, 
and  of  Naples  academy,  N.Y..  1870-71.  He  was 
married  at  Pompey,  N.Y. ,  in  1875,  to  Ida  Cornelia 
Miller.  He  was  president  of  Farmers  (later  Bel- 
mont)  college,  Ohio,  1879-91,  and  was  elected 
professor  of  history  and  political  economy  at  the 
University  of  Cincinnati,  in  1891.  He  was  made 
a  member  of  the  American  Historical  association 
about  1885.  The  degree  of  LL.B.  was  conferred 
on  him  by  Yale  university  in  1890,  and  that  of 
L.II.D.  by  Miami  university  in  1891.  He  is  the 
author  of:  Remains  of  Lost  Empires  (1874)  ; 


Ancient  History  ( 1885)  ;  Mediaeval  and  Modern 
History  (1885);  General  History  (1889);  History  of 
Greece  (1895).  and  Rome,  Its  Rise  and  Fall  (1900). 

MYERS,  William  Shields,  educator,  was  born 
in  Albany,  N.Y".,  Dec.  15,  1800,  son  of  Benjamin 
F.  Myers.  He  attended  the  Albany  academy, 
1881-85 ;  was  graduated  from  Rutgers  college 
B.D.,  1889,  M.D.,  1894;  and  studied  in  Munich, 
Berlin  and  London,  1890-93.  He  was  married  at 
New  Brunswick,  N.J.,  Sept.  11,1889,  to  Annie 
Tayler  Lambert.  He  joined  the  state  geological 
survey  in  1893  and  was  appointed  professor  of 
chemistry  at  Rutgers  college  the  same  year.  He 
was  elected  a  member  of  the  American  Associa 
tion  for  the  Advancement  of  Science  ;  the  Society 
of  Chemical  Industry  of  Great  Britain  ;  the 
American  Chemical  society,  the  British  Associa 
tion  for  tbe  Advancement  of  Science,  and  a  fel 
low  of  the  Chemical  society  of  London.  He  "is 
the  author  of  several  papers  on  chemistry  con 
tributed  to  scientific  journals. 

MYLES,  Samuel,  clergyman,  was  born  in 
Boston,  Mass.,  in  1664;  son  of  John  and  Ann 
(Humfrey)  Myles.  His  father,  a  Baptist  minister, 
came  from  Swansea,  Wales  ;  became  pastor  in 
Rehoboth,  Mass.,  in  1663,  and  died  Feb.  3,  1683. 
Samuel  graduated  from  Harvard,  A.B.,  1684, 
A.M.,  108 T,  and  taught  school  in  Charlestown, 
Mass.,  1681-87.  He  visited  England,  and  there 
is  presumed  to  have  received  ordination  to  the 
Anglican  ministry.  He  was  the  first  rector  of 
King's  chapel, 
Boston,  1089- 
93  ;  was  in  Eng 
land,  1093-90. 
where  he  re 
ceived  grants 
of  communion 

plate  from$ 

r 

Queen  Anne,  , 
and  also  the 
royal  bounty 
and  an  annuity 
of  €100  for  the.  _„ 
support  of  an "~ 
assistant  min 
ister  for  King's 
chapel.  He  re 
turned  in  1690 
with  the  Rev.  Joseph  Dansey,  who  was  to  be 
his  assistant,  but  who  died  on  the  voyage,  and 
in  1698  he  married  Ann,  the  widow  of  his 
deceased  assistant.  She  died  on  March  17,  1738. 
He  laid  the  corner  stone  of  Christ  church.  Boston, 
in  1733,  of  which  church  the  Rev.  Dr.  Timothy 
Cutler  was  the  first  rector.  He  retired  as  rector 
of  King's  chapel  on  account  of  ill  health,  in  1737. 
He  received  the  degree  of  A.M.  from  Oxford  in 
1693.  He  died  in  Boston,  Mass.,  March  4,  1738. 


1637] 


NAGLE 


NASH 


N. 


NAGLE,  James,  soldier,  was  born  in  Reading, 
Pa.,  April  5.  1822.  He  enlisted  in  the  1st  Penn 
sylvania  volunteers  upon  the  outbreak  of  the  war 
with  Mexico,  and  was  stationed  at  Perote  Castle 
in  command  of  a  regiment,  to  keep  open  com 
munication  with  Vera  Cruz  during  the  siege.  He 
was  present  at  the  battles  of  Huamantla,  Puebla 
and  Atlixco.  and  after  the  capture  of  the  city 
of  Mexico,  Sept.  14,  1837,  was  stationed  at  San 
Angel.  He  was  mustered  out  of  service  at  Phil 
adelphia.  Pa.,  July  27,  1848,  and  was  presented 
with  a  sword  by  the  citizens  of  Schuylkill 
county,  Pa.  He  was  commissioned  colonel  of  the 
6th  Pennsylvania  regiment  in  1861,  and  later  in 
the  year  organized  the  48th  Pennsylvania  reg 
iment,  of  which  lie  was  made  colonel.  He  com 
manded  the  1st  brigade,  2nd  division,  9th  army 
corps,  Army  of  the  Potomac,  and  was  engaged 
in  the  battles  of  South  Mountain,  Md.,  Sept. 
14.  1862;  Crampton's  Gap.,  Sept  14,  1862,  and 
Antietam,  Sept.  17,  1862.  He  made  a  gallant 
effort  to  approach  and  cross  Antietam  bridge, 
which,  although  futile,  prepared  the  way  for 
the  subsequent  capture  of  the  bridge.  He  was 
commissioned  brigadier-general,  Sept.  10,  1862, 
and  on  March  13,  1863,  his  commission  was 
renewed,  and  he  served  in  Kentucky  until  May  9, 
1863,  when  he  resigned.  He  organized  the  39th 
Pennsylvania  regiment  in  June,  1863,  and  was 
commissioned  its  colonel.  He  commanded  a 
brigade  during  Lee's  invasion  of  Pennsylvania, 
and  was  honorably  mustered  out  of  service, 
Aug.  2,  1863.  He  organized  and  was  colonel  of 
the  149th  Pennsj'lvania  regiment  in  1864.  and 
guarded  the  approaches  to  Baltimore.  He  died 
in  Pottsville,  Pa.,  Aug.  22,  1866. 

NAQLEE,  Henry  Morris,  soldier,  was  born 
in  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Jan.  15,  1815.  He  was 
graduated  from  the  U.S.  Military  academy  in 
1835,  and  was  appointed  to  the  5th  infantry.  He 
resigned  his  commission,  Dec.  31,  1835,  and  en 
gaged  as  a  civil  engineer,  1835-46.  At  the  out 
break  of  the  war  with  Mexico,  lie  was  commis 
sioned  a  captain  in  the  1st  New  York  volunteers, 
Aug.  15,  1846.  He  served  throughout  the  war  in 
California,  and  engaged  in  the  banking  business 
in  San  Franciso,  1849-61.  He  was  re-appointed  to 
the  U.S.  army,  as  lieutenant-colonel  of  the  16th 
U.S.  infantry,  May  14.  1861,  and  resigned,  Jan. 
10,  1862,  to  accept  appointment  as  brigadier-gen 
eral  in  the  volunteer  service.  Feb.  4.  1862.  He 
took  part  in  the  defence  of  Washington  ;  in 
the  Peninsula  campaign  of  1862.  where  he  com 
manded  the  1st  brigade,  3d  division.  4th  army 
corps,  at  Williamsburg,  Va.,  May  6.  1862,  and 
was  charged  with  the  defence  of  White  Oak 
crossing.  He  commanded  the  1st  brigade,  2d 


division,  4th  army  corps,  at  the  battle  of  Seven 
Pines,  May  31,  1802,  where  he  was  severely 
wounded,  and  the  same  brigade  in  the  seven  days 
battle  about  Richmond,  Va.,  June  26 — July  2, 
1862.  He  commanded  a  division  in  the  depart 
ment  of  North  and  South  Carolina,  in  1863,  and 
was  in  command  of  the  7th  army  corps,  July  to 
August,  1863,  at  Harper's  Ferry,  Va.,  and  in  com 
mand  of  the  District  of  Virginia,  August  and 
September,  1863.  He  was  on  waiting  orders  at 
Cincinnati,  Ohio,  November,  1863,  to  April  4, 1864, 
when  he  was  mustered  out  of  service.  He  re 
turned  to  San  Francisco  where  he  resumed  his 
banking  business  ;  established  vineyards  in  San 
Jose,  Cal.,  and  engaged  in  distilling  brandy. 
He  died  in  San  Francisco,  Cal.,  March  5,  1886. 

NANCE,  Albinus,  governor  of  Nebraska,  was 
born  at  Lafayette,  III.,  March  30,  1848  ;  son  of 
Hiram  and  Sarah  (Smith)  Nance  ;  grandson  of 
William  and  Nancy  (Smith)  Nance,  and  of  French 
Huguenot  ancestry.  He  prepared  for  college  in 
the  schools  of  Lafayette  and 
Kewanee.  111.  ;  enlisted  as  a 
private  in  company  H.,  9th 
Illinois  volunteer  cavalry, 
April  24.  1864,  and  served  un 
til  the  close  of  the  civil  war. 
He  matriculated  at  Knox  col 
lege,  Galesburg,  in  the  class 
of  1870,  but  left  at  the  close  of  his  freshman  year 
and  began  the  study  of  law.  He  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  1872  and  practised  in  Osceola.  Neb. 
He  was  married,  Sept.  30,  1875,  to  Sarah,  daugh 
ter  of  Egbert  and  Mary  White  of  Farragut, 
Iowa.  He  was  elected  governor  of  Nebraska  in 
1879,  and  after  the  close  of  his  second  term 
in  1883,  engaged  as  a  banker  and  broker  in 
Chicago,  111. 

NAPHEN,  Henry  Francis,  representative,  was 
born  in  Ireland,  Aug.  14,  1852.  He  immigrated 
to  America  with  his  parents  in  his  youth  and  set 
tled  in  Lowell,  Mass.  He  attended  the  public 
schools  ;  pursued  a  course  of  study  under  private 
tutors;  was  graduated  at  Harvard  Law  school, 
LL.B.,  1878;  took  a  post-graduate  course  there, 
and  subsequently  attended  Boston  University 
Law  school.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1880 
and  practised  in  Boston.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  school  committee  of  the  city,  1882-85;  state 
senator,  1885-86;  was  appointed  bail  commission 
er  by  the  justice  of  the  superior  court,  and  was  a 
Democratic  representative  in  the  56th  and  57th 
congresses,  1899-1903. 

NASH,  Abner,  delegate,  was  born  in  Prince 
Edward  county,  Va.,  Aug.  8,  1716,  of  Welsh 
ancestry.  He  removed  with  his  parents  to  New 
Berne,  N.C.,  where  he  attended  school,  studied 


[638] 


SASH 


NASH 


law  and  practised  with  great  success.  He  was 
a  representative  in  the  first  provincial  congress 
which  met  in  New  Berne,  Aug.  25,  1774.  and 
was  a  delegate  to  the  succeeding  provincial 
congresses  in  1775.  In  February,  1776,  he  was  a 
member  of  a  committee  sent  to  Charleston  to 
devise  measures  to  unite  the  southern  colonies. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  council,  served  on  the 
committee  that  drew  up  the  state  constitution 
and  was  the  first  speaker  of  the  new  state  senate. 
He  was  a  representative  in  the  provincial  congress 
which  met  at  Halifax,  April  4,  1770,  and  was 
speaker  of  the  state  senate  in 
1777  and  in  1779.  In  1777 
Nash  county  was  formed  and 
named  in  his  honor,  and 
Jones  county  in  honor  of  the 
maiden  name  of  his  wife.  He 
was  governor  of  North  Caro 
lina,  1779-81.  He  resigned  in 
the  spring  of  1781,  as  the  legislature  refused  to 
support  him  in  prosecuting  the  war,  and  was  suc 
ceeded  by  Thomas  Burke.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  state  assembly, 1782-85,  and  was  a  delegate  to 
tbe  Continental  congress,  1782-86.  While  on  the 
way  to  New  York  to  take  his  seat  in  congress,  he 
died  in  Philadelphia.  Pa.,  Dec.  2,  1786. 

NASH,  Charles  EH  wood,  educator,  was  born 
in  Allaimichy,  Warren  county,  N.J.,  March  31, 
1855  ;  son  of  Charles  Pitman  and  Sarah  Ann 
(Wade)  Nash;  grandson  of  An  son  and  Hester 
(Huffman)  Nash,  and  of  Homer  and  Julia  K. 
(Reeves)  Wade.  He  was  educated  in  the  public 
schools  of  Bay  City,  Mich.,  and  at  Curry's  acad 
emy,  Newton,  Iowa,  and  was  graduated  at  Lom 
bard  university,  Galesburg,  111.,  A.B.,  1875,  A.M., 
1878.  He  was  graduated  B.D. ,  from  Tufts  College 
Divinity  school,  Mass.,  in  1878,  and  was  ordained 
to  the  Uriiversalist  ministry  at  Stamford,  Conn., 
June  10,  1878.  He  was  married,  December  31, 
1878,  to  Clara  Maria,  daughter  of  Nathan  Hale 
Sawtelle  of  Livermore,  Maine.  He  was  pastor  at 
Abington,  Mass.,  1877-78;  at  Stamford,  Conn., 
1878-81;  at  Newtonville,  Mass.,  1881-84  ;  at  Akron, 
Ohio,  1884-91,  and  at  Brooklyn,  N.Y.,  1891-95. 
He  was  elected  president  of  Lombard  university 
(now  Lombard  college),  Galesburg,  111.,  in  1895. 
He  received  the  degree  of  S.T.D.  from  Tufts  col 
lege  in  1891.  He  contributed  to  The  Columbian 
Congress  of  the  Universalist  church  in  1893,  and 
to  Our  Word  and  Work  for  missions  in  1894,  and 
is  the  author  of :  Tli-e  Saviour  of  the  World 
(1895). 

NASH,  Francis,  soldier,  was   born   in   Prince 
Edward   county,   Va..  May   10,   1720;  brother  of 
He  removed  with  his  parents 
;    was  clerk  of  the  superior 


Abner  Nash  (q.v.). 
to  New  Berne,  N.C 


court  of  Orange  county,  and  held  a  captain's  com 
mission  in   the  British  army.     He  opposed   the 


Regulators  at  the  battle  of  Alamance  in  1771  ; 
was  a  member  of  the  Provincial  congress  of 
North  Carolina  in  August,  1775,  and  was  ap 
pointed  lieutenant-colonel  of  the  1st  North 
Carolina  regiment.  He  was  promoted  briga 
dier-general  by  the  Continental  congress  in 
February,  1777  ;  commanded  a  brigade  in  the  bat 
tle  of  Germantown,  Oct.  4,  1777,  and  was  mor 
tally  wounded.  Congress  voted  $500  for  a  monu 
ment  to  his  memory,  which  was  never  erected. 
He  died  at  Germantown,  Pa.,  Oct.  7,  1777. 

NASH,  Frederick,  jurist,  was  born  in  New 
Berne,  N.C.,  Feb.  8,  1781;  son  of  Gov.  Abner 
and —  — (Jones)  Nash,  and  a  nephew  of  Gen. 
Francis  Nash  (q.v.).  He  attended  school  at  Wil- 
liamsboro  and  New  Berne,  and  [was  graduated 
from  the  College  of  New  Jersey,  A.B.,  1799,  A.M., 
1802.  He  practised  law  in  New  Berne ;  was 
representative  in  the  state  legislature,  1804-05, 
1814-15  and  1827-28;  judge  of  the  superior  court, 
1819-44,  and  was  transferred  to  the  supreme 
court  in  1844,  to  fill  the  vacancy  caused  by  the 
death  of  Judge  Gaston.  He  succeeded  Judge 
Ruffin,  resigned,  as  chief  justice  of  the  supreme 
court,  1852-58,  and  on  his  death  in  1858,  was  suc 
ceeded  by  Judge  Ruffin,  reappointed.  The  Uni 
versity  of  North  Carolina,  of  which  he  was  a 
trustee,  1807-57,  conferred  on  him  the  honorary 
degree  of  LL.D.  in  1853.  He  was  married  in 
1803  to  Mary  Kollock  of  Elizabethtown,  N.  J., 
and  their  son,  Henry  Kollock  Nash  (University  of 
North  Carolina  A.B.,  1836),  was  a  lawyer  and  mem 
ber  of  the  general  assembly.  Judge  Frederick 
Nash  died  at  Hillsborough,  N.C.,  Dec.  4,  1858. 

NASH,  George  Kilburn,  governor  of  Ohio, 
was  born  in  Medina  county,  Ohio,  Aug.  14,  1842  ; 
son  of  Asa  and  Electa  (Branch)  Nash  ;  grandson j 
of  Capt.  Asa  Nash,  and  a  descendant  of  Thomas 
Nash.  He  was  a  student  at  Oberlin  college,  1862- 
64  ;  on  leaving  college  entered 
the  army,  and  then  studied 
law.  He  removed  to  Colum 
bus,  Ohio,  in  1865  ;  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in  1867,  and 
practised  law  in  Columbus. 
He  was  chief  clerk  in  the  of 
fice  of  the  secretary  of  state 
of  Ohio,  1869  ;  prosecuting  attorney  of  Franklin 
county,  1870-74,  and  attorney-general  of  the  state, 
1880-83.  He  was  married  in  April,  1882,  to  Ada 
M.  Dishler,  widow  of  W.  K.  Dishler.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  state  supreme  court  commission, 
1883-85  ;  chairman  of  the  Republican  executive 
committee  in  1880,  1881  and  1897  ;  unsuccessful 
candidate  for  the  nomination  as  governor  of  Ohio 
in  1895,  but  was  nominated  in  June,  1899.  He 
was  elected  to  the  office.  Nov.  7,  1899,  and  re- 
elected  in  1901,  his  second  term  expiring,  Janu 
ary,  1904. 


[«39] 


NASON,  Elias,  clergyman  and  author,  was 
born  in  Wrentham,  Mass.,  April  21,  1811.  He 
was  graduated  from  Brown  university,  A.B., 
183."),  A.M.,  1836,  and  taught  in  Cambridge,  Mass., 
1835-36,  and  in  Augusta,  Ga.,  1836-40.  He  edited 
the  Georgia,  Courier  and  delivered  lectures  on 
the  flora  of  the  south.  He  edited  the  Watch 
Tower,  Newburyport,  Mass.  ;  was  a  teacher  of  the 
Latin  and  high  school,  1840-49,  and  master  of  the 
high  school  at  Milford,  Mass.,  1849-53.  lie  was 
pastor  of  the  First  church  (Congregational)  at 
Natick,  1852-58 ;  pastor  at  Medford,  1858-60  ; 
Exeter,  N.H.,  1860-65;  resided  at  North  Bil- 
lerica,  Mass.,  1865-87  ;  was  pastor  at  Dracut, 
Mass.,  1865-77,  and  at  Lowell.  Mass.,  1877-85.  He 
served  as  a  member  of  the  Christian  commission 
during  the  civil  war  ;  was  a  member  of  the  New 
England  Historic  Genealogical  society  ;  of  the 
New  York  Historical  society,  and  of  the  American 
Antiquarian  society.  He  edited  the  New  England 
Historical  and  Genealogical  Register  and  is  the 
author  of:  Songs  for  the  School  Room  (1842)  ; 
Christomathie  Francaise  (1849)  ;  Memoir  of 
Rev.  Nathaniel  Howe  (1851)  ;  Thou,  Shalt  Not 
Steal  (1852)  ;  Strength  and  Beauty  of  the  Sanctu 
ary  (1854)  ;  Congregational  Hymn  Book  (1857)  ; 
Hymn  and  Tune  Book  (1858)  ;  Our  Obligations  to 
Defend  Our  Country,  and  Sermon*  on  the  War 

(1861)  ;    Songs  for  Social   and    Public    Worship) 

(1862)  ;  Eulogy  on  Eaward  Everett  (1865)  ;  Foun 
tains  of  Salvation  (1865)  ;  Eulogy  on   Abraham 
Lincoln  (1865)  :  Life  of  Sir  Charles  Henry  Frank- 
land  (1865)  ;  Gazetteer  of  Massachusetts  (1872)  ; 
Life  of  Henry  Wilson  (1872)  ;  Lires  of  Moody  and 
Sankey    (1872)  ;     History    of  Middlesex    County 
(1872),  and  left  in  manuscript  a  Hist ory  of  Hop- 
kiiiton  and  History   of  the  Nason   Family.     He 
died  in  North  Billerica,  Mass.,  June  17,  1887. 

NASSAU,  Charles  William,  educator,  was 
born  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  April  12,  1804;  son  of 
William  and  Ann  (Parkinson)  Nassau  ;  grandson 
of  Charles  William  and  Hester  (Clymer)  Nassau, 
and  great-grandson  of  Charles  John  Von  Nassau, 
the  immigrant,  who  came  from  the  Duchy  of 
Nassau  and  settled  in  Pennsylvania,  1745.  He 
was  graduated  from  the  University  of  Pennsyl 
vania,  A.B.,  1821,  A.M.,  1824  ;  attended  Princeton 
Theological  seminary  in  1822,  and  was  ordained 
by  the  presbytery  of  Philadelphia,  Nov.  16,  1825. 
He  was  married  in  May,  1828.  to  Hannah,  daugh 
ter  of  Robert  and  Isabella  (Todd)  Hamill,  and 
granddaughter  of  Col.  Andrew  Todd.  He  was 
pastor  at  Norristown,  Pa.,  1825-28;  was  teacher 
of  a  school  for  boys  in  Montgomery  Square,  Pa., 
1 829-32,  and  pastor  in  various  parts  of  Pennsyl 
vania,  1832-33.  He  was  professor  of  Latin  and 
Greek  at  Marion  college,  Mo.,  1836-38,  and  at 
Lafayette  college,  1841-50,  and  vice-president  of 
the  latter,  1841-49.  Upon  the  resignation  of 


President  Junkin  in  1848,  he  succeeded  him  as 
acting  president  and  professor  of  mental  and 
moral  philosophy,  and  was  president  elect  of 
the  college,  but  was  never  inaugurated,  and  re 
signed  in  September,  1850.  During  his  presidency 
the  college  was  connected  with  the  synod  of 
Philadelphia  and  became  a  Presbyterian  institu 
tion.  He  was  proprietor  and  principal  of  a  young 
ladies'  seminary  at  Lawrenceville,  N.  J.,  1850-75. 
The  honorary  degree  of  D.D.  was  conferred  on 
him  by  Jefferson  college  in  1850. 

NAST,  Thomas,  caricaturist,  was  born  at 
Landau,  Bavaria,  Sept.  27,  1840.  He  accom 
panied  his  father  to  New  York  in  1846,  and 
studied  drawing  for  six  months  under  Theodore 
Kaufman.  He  was  employed  by  Frank  Leslie,  and 
in  1860  was  sent  to  England  to  make  sketches 
of  a  prize  fight  for  the  New  York  Illustrated 
News.  He  followed  Garibaldi's  army  in  Italy, 
making  war  sketches  for  New  York,  London  and 
Paris  illustrated  newspapers.  On  his  return  to 
New  York  in  1861,  lie  was  employed  to  make  war 
sketches  for  Haider's  Weekly.  He  attained  emi 
nence  by  his  caricature  work  for  Harper's 
Weekly  aimed  to  ridicule  slavery,  to  support  the 
administration  during  the  civil  war  and  to  pro 
mote  municipal  reform.  He  began  a  course  of 
lectures  in  1873,  and  drew  his  illustrations  in 
chalk  on  a  black  surface.  He  appeared  again 
on  the  lecture  platform  in  1885  and  1887,  and  exe 
cuted  in  the  presence  of  his  audience  paintings  in 
oil  colors  and  other  sketches,  with  astonishing 
rapidity.  He  illustrated  several  books,  including 
those  of  Petroleum  V.  Nasby,  and  Nast's  Illus 
trated  Almanac,  in  1872,  and  issued  a  series  of 
sixty  caricatures  in  water  colors  for  Bal  d' opera, 
in  1866.  By  his  caricatures  he  rendered  impor 
tant  service  in  the  overthrow  of  the  Tweed  ring 
in  New  York  city.  He  was  presented  with  a  sil 
ver  cup  by  his  friends  in  the  army  and  navy  as  a 
testimonial,  in  1879.  His  oil  paintings  include  : 
Departure  of  the  Seventh  Regiment  for  the  War, 
April  J!>,  ]ftni;  TJie  Surrender  of  Appomattox, 
Peace  in  Union,  April  9,  18<j,r, ;  The  Immortal 
Light  of  Genius,  Shakespeare,  commission  from 
Sir  Henry  Irving,  and  other  subjects.  His  son, 
Thomas  Nast,  Jr.,  was  appointed  by  President 
Roosevelt  in  May,  1902,  U.S.  consul-general  to 
Guayaquil,  Ecuador. 

NAST,  William,  educator,  was  born  in  Stutt 
gart,  Germany,  June  15,  1807.  He  was  graduated 
from  the  University  of  Tubingen, studied  theology, 
immigrated  to  the  United  States  in  1828,  and  was 
a  teacher  at  the  U.S.  Military  academy.  He 
joined  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church  in  1835  ; 
was  licensed  to  preach  at  the  general  conference 
of  1837  ;  was  appointed  to  establish  a  German 
mission  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  and  subsequently 
German  Methodist  churches  were  established  all 


[G40] 


NAUDAIN 


over  the  United  States,  and  in  Germany,  Norway 
and  Sweden.  The  honorary  degree  of  D.D.  was 
conferred  on  him.  He  edited  the  German  publi 
cations  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church 
including  the  Christian  Apologist,  1837-99.  He 
is  the  author  of  :  Christological  Meditations 
(18">8);  A  Commentary  on  the  New  Testament  in 
GVrmau  (I860);  Gospel  Records  (1866);  Christolo- 
(jisclie,  Betrachtungen  (18(56),  and  Das  Christen- 
tlunnund  seine  Gegensatze  (1883).  He  died  in 
Cincinnati,  Ohio,  May  16,  1899. 

NAUDAIN,  Arnold,  senator,  was  born  near 
Dover,  Del.,  Jan.  6,  1790.  His  grandfather,  a 
Huguenot,  emigrated  from  France  to  America 
and  settled  in  Delaware.  He  was  graduated 
from  the  College  of  Now  Jersey,  A. B.,  1S06,  A.M., 
1809,  and  from  the  University  of  Pennsylvania, 
31. D.,  in  1810.  He  served  during  the  war  of 
181 '3,  as  surgeon-general  of  the  Delaware  militia  ; 
was  speaker  of  the  Delaware  house  of  representa 
tives  in  18'36  ;  was  elected  to  the  U.S.  senate  in 
1839  to  fill  the  term  of  Louis  McLane  (q.v.),  re 
signed  :  was  elected  for  a  full  term  in  1832,  and 
resigned  in  1836,  when  he  was  succeeded  by  R. 
H.  Bayard  (q.v.).  He  was  collector  of  the  port  of 
Wilmington,  Del.,  1841-45.  He  removed  to  Phila 
delphia,  Pa.,  in  1845,  where  lie  engaged  in  medical 
practice.  He  died  in  Odessa,  Del.,  Jan.  4,  1872. 

NAVARRO,  Mary  Anderson  de.  See  Ander 
son.  Mary. 

NEAGLE,  John,  portrait  painter,  was  born  in 
Boston,  Mass.,  Nov.  4,  1796.  His  parents  were 
residents  of  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  and  he  was  educated 
in  that  city.  He  studied  drawing  for  a  short 
time  and  took  a  few  lessons  in  painting.  He 
devoted  himself  to  portrait  painting  in  1818 ; 
established  studios  successively  in  Lexington  and 
Louisville,  Ky.,  and  New  Orleans,  La.,  and  re- 
turne.l  to  Philadelphia  in  1820.  He  was  married 
in  1830  to  a  daughter  of  Thomas  Sully,  the  artist. 
He  was  a  director  of  the  Pennsylvannia  Academy 
of  Fine  Arts,  1830-31,  and  first  president  of  the 
Artists'  Fund  Society  of  Philadelphia,  1835-44. 
Among  his  most  prominent  portraits  are  those  of 
William  Russell  Buck  ;  Matthew  Gary  ;  Thomas 
Pym  Cope  ;  Dr.  Wm.  Potts  Dewees  ;  Dr.  Wil 
liam  Gibson  ;  John  Grigg  ;  Rev.  Richard  Drason 
Hall  ;  Prof.  W.  E.  Homer  ;  Chief  Justice  George 
Sharswood  ;  William  Short ;  Gilbert  Stuart ;  An 
drew  Wallace  ;  Mrs.  Julia  Wood ;  Samuel  B. 
Wylie  ;  Henry  Clay,  and  Patrick  Lyon.  He  died 
in  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Sept.  17,  1865. 

NEAL,  David  (Dalhoff),  artist,  was  born  in 
Lowell,  Mass.,  Oct.  20,  1838;  son  of  Stephen 
Bryant  and  Mary  (Dalhoff)  Neal,  and  grandson  of 
Stephen  Neal  and  of  David  Dalhoff.  His  first 
ancestor  in  America,  Christoph  Logadin  Dallioff , 
immigrated  to  New  Amsterdam  from  Holland  in 
1830.  He  attended  the  high  school  at  Lawrence, 


Mass.,  and  a  private  academy  in  Andover,  N.H. 
Deciding  to  devote  himself  to  the  study  of  art, 
he  removed  to  San  Francisco,  Cal.,  where  lie 
made  drawings  on  wood.  He  studied  in  the  Royal 
academy,  Munich,  and  under  Maximilian  Ainmiil- 
ler  and  Alexander  Wagner.  He  was  married, 
Dec.  9,  1862,  to  Marie,  daughter  of  Maximilian 
Ainmuller  of  Munich.  She  died  Sept.  29,  1897. 
In  1870,  under  the  direction  of  Carl  von  Pilotz, 
he  gave  his  attention  entirely  to  figure  painting. 
Among  his  earlier  paintings  are  :  The  Chapel  of 
the  Nonberg  Convent,  Salzburg  (1864);  Chapel  of 
the  Kings,  Westminster  (1869);  St.  Marks  (1869); 
On  the  Grand  Canal  Venice  (1869).  His  figure 
subjects  of  later  period  include  :  Retour  du 
C7irts.se  (1870);  James  Watt  (1873);  The  Burgo 
master  (1873);  The  First  Meeting  of  Mary  Stuart 
and  Rizzio  (1876),  which  received  the  highest 
award  at  the  Royal  academy  of  Munich  ;  Oliver 
Cromwell  Visits  John  Milton  (1883);  Nuns  at 
Prayer  (belonging  to  the  Royal  Gallery,  Stuttgart) 
(1884);  Admiral  du  Quesne  receives  Louis  XIV.  on 
board  the  flagship  Louis  Le  Grand,  at  Cherbourg 
(1885);  Boy  ivith  Violin  (1887).  His  later  and 
more  noteworthy  work  consists  of  portraits,  the 
most  important  being  those  of :  Countess  Ler- 
chenfeld,  the  Rev.  Mark  Hopkins,  Mrs.  W.  C. 
Whitney,  Mrs.  Harrison  Garrett,  the  Hon.  Adolph 
Sutro  (Paris,  1890),  Governor  Nesmith,  Judge 
Ogdeii  Hoffman  (for  the  U.S.  District  Court 
room,  San  Francisco,  Cal).,  Rev.  Dr.  William 
Henry  Green  (for  the  Lenox  Library,  Princeton 
university),  D.  O.  Mills,  the  Misses  Mills,  White- 
law  Reid,  Miss  Reid.  Mr.  Neal  made  his  home 
in  Europe,  visiting  America  occasionally. 

NEAL,  Henry  Safford,  representative,  was  born 
in  Gallipolis,  Ohio,  Aug,  25,  1828  ;  son  of  Henry  H. 
and  Lydia  (Safford)  Neal  ;  grandson  of  John  Neal, 
resident  of  Parkersburg,  Va.,  and  of  Dr.  Jonas 
and  Joanna  (Merrill)  Safford,  who  immigrated 
to  Gallipolis,  Ohio,  in  1811 ;  a  descendant  of 
James  O'Neill,  a  native  of  Ireland,  who  immi 
grated  to  Virginia  with  two  brothers  before  the 
Revolution,  changed  his  name  to  "  Neal  "  and  was 
captain  in  the  13th  Virginia  regiment  in  the 
Continental  army,  and  also  a  lineal  descendant 
of  Thomas  Safford,  who  came  to  Ipswich.  Mass., 
from  England  in  1641.  Henry  Safford  Neal  grad 
uated  from  Marietta  college  in  1847,  engaged 
in  mercantile  business  as  his  father's  clerk, 
studied  law  under  Simeon  Nash,  state  senator 
and  a  prominent  jurist  of  southern  Ohio,  and 
settled  in  practice  in  Ironton,  Ohio,  in  1851.  He 
was  prosecuting  attorney  of  Lawrence  county, 
1853-57  ;  a  state  senator  from  the  eighth  district, 
1862-66  ;  U.S.  consul  to  Lisbon,  Portugal,  from 
July,  1869,  to  January,  1870,  and  charge  d'affaires 
to  that  kingdom  from  December,  1869,  to  July, 
1870.  He  was  chairman  of  the  commission  ap- 


LC411 


NEAL 


NEALE 


pointed  in  1871  to  investigate  alleged  frauds  under 
the  treaties  with  the  Cliippewa  Indians,  and  a 
member  of  the  Ohio  constitutional  convention 
of  1872-73.  He  was  a  Republican  representative 
from  the  eleventh  district  of  Ohio  in  the  45th, 
46th  and  47th  congresses,  1877-83,  and  served  as 
chairman  of  the  committee  on  the  District  of 
Columbia  and  as  a  member  of  the  committee  on 
territories.  He  was  solicitor  of  the  U.S.  treasury, 
1883-85.  He  was  married  in  1861  to  Mary  J., 
daughter  of  John  Campbell,  an  iron  manufacturer 
of  Ironton,  Ohio,  and  secondly  to  Mrs.  L.  C. 
Gibbs  of  Zanesville,  Ohio.  He  was  a  resident  of 
Ironton  in  1902. 

NEAL,  John,  author,  was  born  in  Portland, 
Maine,  Aug.  25,  1793.  His  parents  were  mem 
bers  of  the  Society  of  Friends  and  he  remained  in 
that  body  until  1818.  He  attended  school  until 
1805  when  he  obtained  employment  in  a  mercan 
tile  house,  and  afterward  taught  penmanship, 
drawing  and  painting.  He  engaged  in  the  dry 
goods  trade  in  Boston,  Mass.,  and  subsequently 
with  John  Pierpont  in  Baltimore,  Md.,  and  upon 
the  failure  of  the  house  in  1816,  studied  law 
and  engaged  in  literature.  He  was  admitted  to 
the  Maryland  bar  in  1819  and  practised  until  1823, 
when  he  visited  England,  where  he  succeeded  in 
drawing  the  attention  of  the  English  public  to 
American  literature,  hitherto  practically  ignored 
in  the  old  world.  He  was  the  first  American 
writer  to  contribute  to  the  English  and  Scotch 
quarterlies  and  his  sketches  of  the  five  American 
Presidents  and  of  the  five  unsuccessful  candi 
dates,  which  appeared  in  Blackwood's  Magazine, 
established  his  reputation.  He  became  a  secretary 
to  Jeremy  Bentham  at  whose  house  he  met  the 
notable  English  literary  men  of  that  day.  In  1827 
he  returned  to  the  United  States  and  opened  a  law 
office  in  Portland.  He  made  a  study  of  physi 
cal  training,  established  the  first  gymnasium 
in  America  and  gave  lessons  in  boxing,  fencing, 
and  other  physical  exercises.  He  founded  The 
Yankee  and  was  its  editor,  1828-76  ;  contributed 
largely  to  magazines  and  newspapers,  and  is  the 
author  of:  Keep  Cool  (1817);  The  Battle  of 
Niagara  (1818)  ;  Goldan  and  other  Poems  (1818); 
Otho,  a  Tragedy (18\V)  ;  Errata  (1823)  ;  Randolph 
(\823);Seventy-Six(\823)  ;  Logan  (1823) ;  Brother 
Jonathan  (1825);  Rachel  Dyer  (1828);  Ben- 
tham's  Morals  and  Legislation  (1830) ;  The  Down 
Easters  (1833)  ;  One  Word  More  (1854) ;  True 
Womanhood  (1859)  ;  Wandering  Recollections  of 
a  Somewhat  Busy  Life  (1869),  and  Great  Mysteries 
and  Little  Plagues  (1870).  He  died  in  Portland, 
Maine,  June  21.  1876. 

NEAL,  Joseph  Clay,  satirist,  was  born  in 
Greenland,  N.H.,  Feb.  3,  1807;  son  of  a  retired 
clergyman  and  schoolteacher,  who  died  in  1809. 
Joseph  attended  school  in  Pottsville,  Pa.,  and 

[042] 


after  1830,  in  Philadelphia.  He  published 
articles  in  various  periodicals  ;  edited  the  Pen n- 
sylvanian,  183L-44  ;  traveled  in  Europe  for  his 
health,  1842,  and  on  his  return  established  and 
edited  Neat's  Saturday  Gazette.  He  was  married 
in  1846  to  Alice  Bradley  (see  Haven,  Alice  Brad 
ley).  He  contributed  satirical  sketches  to  the 
Democratic  Review  and  is  the  author  of  :  Charcoal 
Sketches  or  Scenes  in  a  Metropolis  (1837)  ;  Peter 
Ploddy  and  other  Oddities  (1844),  and  Charcoal 
Sketches  (3d  series,  1849).  He  died  in  Philadelphia, 
Pa.,  July  18,  1847. 

NEAL,  Lawrence  Talbott,  representative,  was 
born  in  Parkersburg,  Va.,  Sept.  22,  1844  ;  son  of 
Lawrence  Perry  and  Mary  Hall  (Talbott)  Neal. 
His  great  grandfather,  Captain  Neal,  built  a  block 
house  known  as  Neal's  Station  on  the  site  of 
Parkersburg.  Lawrence  T.  Neal  attended  the 
public  schools  and  in  1862  obtained  employment 
in  a  dry  goods  store.  He  studied  law  witli  Judge 
W.  H.  Stafford  at  Chillicothe,  Ohio,  1863-66;  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1866,  and  entered  into 
practice  at  Chillicothe  in  1867.  He  was  city  solic 
itor,  1867-68  ;  a  Democratic  representative  in  the 
state  legislature,  1868-69,  and  prosecuting  attor 
ney  for  Ross  county,  1869-73.  He  was  a  Demo 
cratic  representative  from  the  seventh  district  of 
Ohio  in  the  43d  and  44th  congresses,  1873-77,  and 
was  defeated  in  1876  and  1878  for  the  45th  and 
46th  congresses.  He  was  also  defeated  for  state 
senator  in  1887.  He  was  a  delegate  from  Ohio  to 
the  Democratic  national  convention  of  1888,  and 
one  of  the  four  delegates-at-large  from  that  state 
to  the  Democratic  national  convention  in  1S92. 
He  was  the  unsuccessful  Democratic  candidate 
for  governor  of  Ohio  in  1893,  being  defeated  by 
William  McKinley.  He  retired  from  active  polit 
ical  life  and  continued  the  practice  of  law  in 
Chillicotlie. 

NEALE,  Leonard,  archbishop,  was  born  near 
Port  Tobacco,  Charles  county,  Md.,  Oct.  15,  1746  ; 
a  descendant  of  Capt.  James  and  Ann  Neal,  who 
came  from  England  to  Maryland  before  1642.  He 
purchased  the  vast  tract  of  land  known  as  Cob 
Neck  and  was  prominent  in  colonial  affairs,  a 
member  of  the  governor's  council  and  of  the 
colonial  legislature.  Leonard  attended  the  col 
lege  of  St.  Omer,  France,  and  the  theological 
seminaries  at  Bruges  and  Liege.  He  became  a 
member  of  the  Society  of  Jesus  at  Ghent,  Sept.  7, 
1767  ;  was  ordained  priest,  June  5,  1773,  at  Liege, 
Belgium  ;  was  a  professor  in  the  Jesuit  college, 
Bruges,  when  it  was  seized  by  the  Austro-Belgian 
government,  and  was  expelled  with  the  other 
Jesuits.  He  had  charge  of  a  small  congregation 
in  England  and  in  1779  was  sent  as  a  missionaiy 
to  Demerara.  British  Guiana,  where  lie  labored 
until  1783,  when  he  returned  to  Maryland.  He 
had'  charge  of  the  congregation  at  St.  Thomas 


NECKERE 


Manor,  Charles  county,  1783-93 ;  and  adminis 
tered  to  the  yellow  fever  patients,  Philadelphia, 
Pa.,  1793-9-1  and  1797-98,  meanwhile  serving  as 
vicar-general  of  the  northern  state.  He  induced 
Miss  Lalor  to  open  a  school  in  Georgetown,  D.C., 
which  was  the  foundation  of  the  order  of  Visita 
tion  Nuns.  He  was  president  of  Georgetown 

college,  1798- 
1806,  and  was 
consecrated  tit 
ular  bishop  of 
"Gortyna"i.p.i. 
and  coadjutor 
to  the  Bishop 
of  Baltimore, 
Dec.  7,  1800,  by 
Bishop  John  Carroll,  and  succeeded  to  the  arch 
diocese  of  Baltimore,-  Dec.  3,  1815,  receiving  the 
pallium,  Nov.  19,  1816.  He  obtained  from  the 
pope  power  to  establish  the  Convent  and  Academy 
of  the  Visitation  in  Georgetown,  and  the  order 
instituted  by  Miss  Lalor  thus  became  the  founda 
tion  of  the  order  of  Visitation  Nuns  in  the  United 
States.  He  died  at  the  convent  of  the  Visitation, 
Georgetown,  D.C.,  June  18,  1817. 

NECKERE,  Leo  Raymond  de,  R.C.  bishop,  was 
born  in  Wevelghem,  Belgium,  June  6,  1800.  He 
was  graduated  from  the  College  of  Rouhers  in  1817, 
and  studied  theology  at  the  Seminary  of  Ghent, 
Belgium.  He  emigrated  from  Bordeaux  in  Sep 
tember,  1817,  visited  Charles  Carroll  at  Carrollton, 
Md.,  and  joined  Bishop  Dubourg  on  his  journey 
to  Kentucky.  He  attended  the  theological  sem 
inary  at  Bardsto\vn,  Ky.,  for  one  year,  and  in 
1820  joined  the  Lazarists  at  the  Barrens,  near 
St.  Louis,  Mo.  He  was  ordained  priest,  Oct.  13, 
1823,  at  the  C.M.  Seminary  (the  Barrens)  ;  was 
a  professor  in  the  seminar}'  and  also  did  mission 
ary  \vork,  and  in  1826  was  appointed  superior  of 
the  seminary  during  the  absence  of  Bishop  Rosati. 
Ill  health  obliged  him  to  go  to  New  Orleans,  but 
he  soon  returned  to  St.  Louis.  He  visited  Europe 
for  his  health  in  1827  and  \vas  pre-canonized  by 
the  pope  for  the  diocese  of  Ne\v  Orleans  in  1828, 
was  appointed,  Aug.  4,  1829,  and  on  May  24,  1830, 
was  consecrated  at  St.  Louis's  cathedral,  New 
Orleans,  by  Bishop  Rosati.  He  donated  a  mag 
nificent  organ  to  St.  Mary's  church  in  New 
Orleans.  He  was  spending  the  summer  of  1833 
in  retirement  at  St.  Michael's  when  the  yellow 
fever  broke  out  in  New  Orleans,  and  he  returned 
to  the  city  and  labored  among  the  sick  until  he 
finally  succumbed  to  the  disease.  He  died  in 
New  Orleans,  La.,  Sept.  4,  1833. 

NEEDHAM,  Charles  Austin,  artist,  was  born 
in  Bulfalo.  N.Y.,  Oct.  30,  1844  ;  son  of  Elias  Park- 
man  (q.v.)  and  Lorana  (Newberry)  Needham. 
In  IS 48  his  father  removed  to  New  York  city, 
where  Charles  attended  the  public  schools  and 


entered  the  Free  academy,  receiving  the  Pell 
medal  for  proficiency  in  natural  history.  He 
studied  art  at  the  Art  Students'  league  and  with 
August  Will.  In  1868  he  was  received  in  his 
father's  organ  factory  as  co-partner,  but  while 
devoting  himself  to  the  requirements  of  his  posi 
tion,  his  love  of  art  found  expression  in  many 
pictures.  He  finally  retired  from  business  and 
devoted  himself  to  art,  painting  chiefly  in  oils. 
His  pictures  were  exhibited  at  the  Society  of 
American  Artists,  the  National  Academy  of  De 
sign,  the  American  Water  Color  society,  the 
Boston  Art  club,  the  New  York  Water  Color 
club,  the  Pennsylvania  Academy  of  Fine  Arts, 
the  Art  Institution  of  Chicago,  the  Detroit 
Museum  of  Art,  the  St.  Louis  Museum  of  Fine 
Arts,  the  Art  Institution  of  Terre  Haute,  the  Art 
Institution  of  Indianapolis.  He  was  married, 
Oct.  29,  1868,  to  Fanny  Montross  of  New  York 
city.  He  became  a  member  of  the  New  York 
Water  Color  club,  the  National  Arts  club,  the 
Salmagundi  club  and  the  Kit  Kat  club,  all  of 
New  York.  He  received  honorable  mention  and 
a  medal  at  the  International  exposition,  Atlanta, 
Ga.,  1895,  and  at  the  State  fair,  Syracuse,  N.Y., 
1898,  and  a  bronze  medal  at  the  Paris  exposition, 
1900. 

NEEDHAM,  Charles  Willis,  lawyer  and  edu 
cator,  was  born  in  Castile,  N.Y.,  Sept.  30,  1848  ; 
son  of  Charles  Rollin  and  Arvilla  (Reed)  Need- 
ham.  He  was  graduated  from  the  Albany  Law 
school  in  1870 ;  was  married,  Nov.  2,  1870,  to 
Caroline  Mary,  daughter  of  Charles  S.  Beach 
of  Castile,  N.Y.,  and  removed  to  Chicago,  111., 
in  1874,  where  he  practised  law  until  1890. 
He  drafted  the  charter  of  the  Chicago  university 
and  was  a  member  of  its  first  board  of  trustees. 
He  removed  his  practice  to  Washington,  D.C., 
in  1890 ;  was  elected  dean  of  the  Schools  of 
Law  of  Columbia  University,  Washington,  D.C., 
1891,  and  professor  of  law  at  Columbia  uni 
versity  in  1897.  He  organized  the  School  of 
Comparative  Jurisprudence  and  Diplomacy  at 
Washington,  and  in  1897  was  chosen  its  dean  and 
professor  of  common  law,  transportation  and 
interstate  commerce.  In  June,  1901,  the  hon 
orary  degree  of  Doctor  of  Laws  was  conferred 
upon  him  by  the  University  of  Rochester,  New 
York. 

NEEDHAM,  Elias  Parkman,  inventor,  was 
born  in  Delhi,  N.Y.,  Sept.  29,  1812  :  son  of  Daniel 
and  Betsey  (Fisk)  Needham  ;  grandson  of  Elias 
and  Mercy  (Stocking)  Needham  and  of  Joseph 
Fisk,  and  a  descendant  of  Parkman  Needham, 
who  came  from  England  to  America  with  his 
family  in  the  18th  century.  In  1815  his  father, 
a  house  carpenter,  removed  to  Erie  county,  where 
he  carried  on  his  trade  and  cultivated  a  farm. 
Elias  loft  home  before  reaching  his  majority, 


[043] 


NEEDHAM 


NEGLEY 


worked  as  a  carpenter  in  Buffalo,  N.Y.,  and  there 
had  as  a  fellow  craftsman,  Jeremiah  Carhart 
(q.v.).  They  established  a  melodeoii  manufac- 
torv  in  1846,  which  they  removed  to  New  York 
citv  in  1848,  and  which  under  later  inventions 
made  by  Needham  became  one  of  the  most  exten 
sive  manufactories  of  reeds  and  reed  organs  in 
the  world,  lie  patented,  in  1864,  a  pneumatic 
tube  capable  of  transmitting  not  only  parcels, 
but  cars  laden  with  passengers,  by  means  of  his 
novel  principle  of  a  continuous  circuit  of  air.  In 
1878  he  received  fifteen  patents  covering  the  prin 
ciple  of  the  application  of  perforated  paper  to  the 
construction  of  automatic  musical  intruments, 
and  developed  the  organette,  since  known  as  the 
jeolian  and  by  other  titles.  He  was  married  in 
1840  to  Lorana,  daughter  of  William  and  Millana 
(Johnson)  Newberry.  His  widow  died,  April  16, 
1900.  He  died  in  New  York  city,  Nov.  28,  1889. 

NEEDHAM,  James  Carson,  representative, 
was  born  in  Carson  City,  Nev.,  Sept.  17,  1864  ; 
son  of  Charles  E.  and  Olive  L.  (Drake)  Needham  ; 
grandson  of  Charles  and  Minerva  (Porter)  Need- 
ham,  and  of  David  and  Sally  (Bigelow)  Drake. 
His  parents  were  en  route  to  California  in  an 
emigrant  wagon  at  the  time  of  his  birth.  He 
was  graduated  from  the  University  of  the  Pacific, 
Ph.B.,  1886,  and  from  the  law  department  of  the 
University  of  Michigan,  LL.B.,  1889.  He  was 
clerk  in  the  adjutant-general's  office  at  Washing 
ton,  D.C.,  1887-88;  opened  a  law  office  in  Mod 
esto,  Cal.,  in  1889,  and  in  1890  was  an  unsuccess 
ful  candidate  for  state  senator.  He  was  married, 
July  1,  1894,  to  Dora  Deetta  Parsons.  He  was 
chairman  of  the  Republican  county  committee  ; 
a  member  of  the  state  central  committee  and  of 
the  national  congressional  committee,  and  was  a 
Republican  representative  from  the  seventh 
California  district  in  the  56th  and  57th  congresses, 
1899-03. 

NEELY,  Henry  Adams,  second  bishop  of 
Maine,  and  83d  in  succession  in  the  American, 
episcopate,  was  born,  in  Fayetteville,  N.Y.,  May 
14,  1830 ;  son  of  Albert  and  Phoebe  (Pearsall) 
Neely.  He  was  graduated  from  Hobart  college, 
A.B.,  1849,  A.M.,  1853,  and  was  a  tutor  there, 
1850-52.  He  studied  theology  under  Bishop  Wm. 
H.  De  Lancey  ;  was  admitted  to  the  diaconate  in 
Trinity  church,  Geneva,  N.Y.,  in  1852,  and  was 
ordained  a  priest  in  1854.  He  was  rector  of  Cal 
vary  church.  Utica,  N.Y.,  1853-55  ;  Christ  church, 
Rochester,  N.Y.,  1855-62  ;  chaplain  of  Hobart  col 
lege,  1862-64,  and  assistant  minister  in  Trinity 
parish,  New  York  city,  with  special  charge  of 
Trinity  chapel,  1864-67.  He  was  married,  Nov.  4, 
1858,  to  Mary,  daughter  of  Harriott  and  John  Del- 
afield.  He  was  elected  bishop  of  Maine  to  suc 
ceed  Bishop  Burgess,  who  died,  April  23,  1866,  and 
was  consecrated  in  Trinity  chapel,  N.Y.,  Jan.  25, 


[G44J 


1867,  by  Bishop  Potter  of  New  York,  assisted  by 
Bishops  Williams,  Odenheimer,  Clarkson  and 
Randall.  In  connection  with  his  bishopric  he 
was  rector  of  St.  Luke's,  the  cathedral  church  of 
the  diocese.  Through  his  efforts  St.  Luke's  cathe 
dral  was  erected  on 
State  street,  Portland, 
1867-68,  and  was  en 
tirely  paid  for  in  1876. 
He  also  established 
St.  Catharine's  Hall, 
a  seminary  for  young 
women,  at  Augusta, 
Maine,  and  St.  John's 
school  for  boys  at 
Presque  Isle.  He  was 
chairman  of  the  house 
of  bishops  for  six 
years.  The  25th  an 
niversary  of  his  con 
secration  was  cele 
brated  in  1892.  The 
honorary  degree  of  S.T.D.  was  conferred  on  him 
by  Hobart  college  in  1866.  and  by  Bishop's  college, 
Lennoxville,  Ont.,  in  1872.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  Maine  Historical  society,  1870-99.  He  died 
inPortland,  Maine,  Oct.  31,  1899. 

NEGLEY,  James  Scott,  soldier,  was  born  in 
East  Liberty,  Allegheny  county,  Pa..  Dec.  22, 
1826  ;  son  of  Jacob  and  Mary  Ann  (Scott)  Neg- 
ley ;  grandson  of  Jacob  Negley,  and  of  Swiss 
ancestry.  He  was  graduated  from  the  Western 
Universityof  Pennsylvania  at  Allegheny,  in  1846, 
and  enlisted  as  a  private  in  the  1st  Pennsylvania 
regiment  for  service  in  the  Mexican  war.  In 
April,  1861,  he  raised  and  equipped  a  brigade 
of  volunteers  and  with  three  regiments  re 
ported  to  the  governor  at  llarrisburg,  April  28, 
1861,  and  was  assigned  to  the  corps  commanded 
by  Gen.  Robert  Patterson.  His  first  battle  was 
at  Falling  Waters.  ATa.,  July  2,  1861,  where  he 
followed  up  the  retreating  forces  of  Gen.  T.  J. 
Jackson  to  Martinsburg,  and  gained  permission 
from  General  Patterson  to  cut  the  Confederate 
communications  between  Winchester  and  Bull 
Run,  but  after  he  had  proceeded  on  the  expedition, 
was  ordered  to  return  and  the  disastrous  battle  of 
Bull  Run.  July  21,  1861,  followed.  At  the  end  of  his 
three  months'  service  he  was  re-commissioned  brig 
adier-general  of  volunteers  and  was  placed  in 
command  of  the  volunteer  camp  at  llarrisburg, 
but  was  soon  after  ordered  to  Pittsburg  to  hold 
his  brigade  in  readiness  to  join  General  Rosecrans 
in  western  Virginia.  He  was,  however,  ordered 
by  the  President  to  re-inforce  General  Sherman 
at  Louisville,  Ky.,  and  subsequently  served 
under  General  Buell  in  northern  Alabama  and 
Tennessee,  where  he  commanded  one  of  the 
columns  of  Mitchell's  force,  comprised  of  about 


NEHLIG 


XEILL 


•6000  men.  In  May,  1862,  he  surprised  the  Con 
federate  cavalry  under  Col.  Wirt  Adams,  at 
Sweeden's  Cave,  killing  and  capturing  a  large 
number  and  putting  the  remainder  to  flight.  He 
was  then  ordered  to  take  the  town  of  Chatta 
nooga,  and  after  shelling  tlie  place  was  unable 
to  cross  the  river  from  need  of  boats,  and  was 

ordered  back  by  Gen 
eral  Mitchell,  June  9. 
He  was  promoted 
major-general  of  vol 
unteers  for  gallantry 
at  Stone's  river,  Nov. 
29,  1S62,  where  he 
commanded  the  sec 
ond  (late  eighth) 
division,  14th  arm}' 
corps,  Gen.  George 
II.  Thomas,  and  oc 
cupied  the  centre  of 
tlie  line  of  battle, 
where  he  greatly 
distinguished  him 
self.  He  was  also 

present  at  the  battle  of  Chattanooga,  Sept.  19-20, 
l^'U,  where  lie  re-captured  50  pieces  of  artillery 
abandoned  by  the  right  wing  of  Rosecrans'  army, 
and  was  charged  with  disobedience  of  orders,  but 
was  exonerated  by  a  court-martial  convened  at 
his  request.  He  was  honorably  discharged,  Jan. 
19.  1865,  returned  to  Pittsburg  and  engaged  in 
business.  He  was  the  Republican  representa 
tive  from  the  twenty-second  Pennsylvania  dis 
trict  in  the  41st,  42d,  44th  and  49th  congresses, 
1869-73,  1875-77,  and  1885-87.  He  was  a  manager 
of  the  National  Home  for  Volunteers  for  fifteen 
years  ;  president  of  the  National  Union  League 
of  America;  a  member  of  the  G.A.R.  Veteran 
legion  ;  Scott's  legion  ;  Military  Order  of  For 
eign  Wars,  and  other  patriotic  orders.  He  was 
twice  married  ;  first  to  Kate  Losey  of  Pittsburg, 
and  secondly  in  1869,  to  Grace  Ashton  of  Phila 
delphia,  who  with  three  daughters  survived  him. 
He  received  the  honorary  degree  of  A.M.  from 
the  College  of  New  Jersey,  in  1875.  He  died  in 
Plain  field,  N.J.,  Aug.  7,  1901. 

NEHLIQ,  Victor,  artist,  was  born  in  Paris, 
France,  in  1830.  He  studied  art  under  Leon  Cog- 
niet  and  Abel  de  Pujol,  and  immigrated  to  the 
United  States  in  1856.  He  opened  a  studio  in  New 
York  city,  where  he  remained  until  1872,  when 
he  returned  to  Paris.  He  was  elected  an  associate 
of  the  National  Academy  of  Design  in  1863.  and 
an  academician  in  1870.  His  works,  principally 
figure  pieces,  illustrative  of  American  history, 
include  :  Tlie  Cavalry  Charge  of  ,S7.  Harry  B. 
Hidden  (1863),  owned  by  the  New  York  Historical 
society  ;  The  Artist's  Dream ;  The  Captii^e  Hugue 
not ;  Gertrude  of  Wyoming ;  Hiawatha  and  Min- 


[C45J 


nchdlta  ;  Armorer  in  tlie  Olden  Time;  Battle  at 
Antietam;  Battle  o/  Getti/sbury ;  Waiting  for 
my  Enemy  ;  Serenade  ;  Poeahontas(  1869-72)  ;  Tlie 
Bravo  (1870)  ;  Mahogany  Cutting  (1871)  ;  The 
Princess,  and  book  illustrations. 

NEILL,  Edward  Duffield,  educationist,  was 
born  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Aug.  9,  1823  ;  son  of 
Dr.  Henry  and  Martha  Rebecca  (Duffield)  Neill ; 
grandson  of  Dr.  John  and  Elizabeth  (Martin) 
Neill,  and  of  Dr.  Benjamin  and  Rebecca  (Potts) 
Duffield,  and  a  descendant  of  John  Neill,  a  lawyer, 
who  emigrated  from  the  north  of  Ireland  to 
America  about  1739,  and  settled  in  Delaware. 
He  attended  the  University  of  Pennsylvania, 
1837-38  ;  was  graduated  at  Amherst  college, 
Mass.,  1842  ;  studied  theology  in  Andover  Theo 
logical  seminary  in  1843.  and  completed  his 
studies  under  the  Rev.  Albert  Barnes  and  Dr. 
Thomas  IJrainerd  of  Philadelphia.  He  was  mar 
ried  in  October,  1847,  to  Nancy,  daughter  of 
Richard  Hall  of  Worcester  county,  Md.  He  was 
home  missionary  at  Elizabeth,  111.,  1847-49  ;  was 
ordained  in  1848  ;  in  1849  established  a  Pres 
byterian  church  in  St.  Paul,  Minnesota  Territory  ; 
was  pastor,  1849-55,  and  of  the  Second  Pres 
byterian  church  known  as  the  House  of  Hope, 
1855-60.  He  was  influential  in  establishing  the 
first  public  schools  in  St.  Paul  ;  was  first  terri 
torial  superintendent  of  instruction,  1851-53  ; 
chancellor  of  the  University  of  Minnesota,  1858- 
61  ;  secretary  of  the  city  board  of  education,  and 
superintendent  of  the  public  schools  for  several 
years.  He  served  as  chaplain  to  the  1st  Minne 
sota  volunteers,  1861-62,  and  as  hospital  chaplain 
to  the  U.S.  Army  at  the  South  Street  military 
hospital,  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  1862-64.  He  was  ap 
pointed  to  read  and  arrange  the  correspondence 
of  President  Lincoln,  was  his  secretary  to  sign 
land  patents  in  February,  1864,  and  served  in 
the  executive  mansion  after  the  President's  as 
sassination  until  1868.  He  was  appointed  U.S. 
consul  at  Dublin,  Ireland,  by  President  Grant, 
serving,  1869-70;  returned  to  St.  Paul  in  1871, 
where  he  established  Macalester  college,  was 
its  president,  1873-84,  and  professor  of  history  and 
political  science  there,  1884-93.  He  joined  the 
Reformed  Episcopal  church  in  1874,  and  was 
rector  of  the  Cavalry  Reformed  Episcopal  church 
in  St.  Paul  for  several  years,  but  subsequently 
returned  to  the  Presbyterian  church.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  American  Historical  association  ; 
the  Historical  Society  of  Wisconsin  ;  a  corre 
sponding  member  of  the  Massachusetts  Histor 
ical  society,  and  of  the  New  England  Historic 
Genealogical  society.  He  received  the  degree 
D.D.  from  Lafayette  college  in  1886.  He  is  the 
author  of:  A  History  of  Minnesota  (1858);  Terra 
Marice,  or.  Threads  of  Maryland  Colonial  History 
(1867)  :  Virginian  Comp(nnj  of  London  (1868)  ; 


NK1LL 


NEILL 


English  Colonization  of  America  (1871) ;  Founders 
of  Maryland  (1876) ;  Virginia  Vetnsta,  the  Colony 
Under  James  I.  (1885)  ;  Virginia  Carolornm 
(188(3)  ;  A  Concise  History  of  Minnesota  (1887). 
He  died  in  St.  Paul,  Minn.,  Sept.  26,  1893. 

NEILL,  John,  surgeon,  was  born  in  Philadel 
phia,  Pa.,  July  9,  1819  ;  son  of  Dr.  Henry  and 
Martha  Rebecca  (Duffield)  Neill.  He  was  gradu 
ated  at  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  A.B., 
1837,  A.M.  and  M.D. ,  1840.  He  settled  in  practice 
in  Philadelphia.  He  was  married,  Sept.  24,  1844, 
to  Anna  Maria  Wharton,  daughter  of  Samuel 
Hallingsvvorth  of  Philadelphia.  He  was  assistant 
demonstrator  and  demonstrator  of  anatomy  in 
the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1842-46  ;  lecturer 
on  anatomy  in  the  Philadelphia  Medical  institute, 
1846-50 ;  professor  of  surgery  in  Pennsylvania 
college,  Gettysburg,  1854-59,  professor  of  clin 
ical  surgery  in  the  University  of  Pennsylvania, 
1874-77,  and  emeritus  professor,  1877-80.  He 
served  as  contract  surgeon  in  the  U.S.  army  ; 
had  charge  of  the  U.S.  Military  hospitals  at 
Philadelphia,  1861-62,  and  organized  the  first  eight 
general  hospitals  of  that  city.  He  was  appointed 
medical  director  of  the  Home  Guards  of  Phila 
delphia  in  1862,  and  was  brevetted  lieutenant- 
colonel  for  meritorious  services  in  1863.  He  es 
tablished  a  military  hospital  at  Dickinson  college 
after  the  bombardment  at  Carlisle,  and  others  at 
Hagerstown,  and  was  post  surgeon  of  the  U.S. 
army  at  Philadelphia,  1865-76.  He  was  a  resident 
surgeon  at  Wills  eye  hospital,  1840-41,  and  surgeon 
there  in  1847  ;  surgeon  to  the  Philadelphia  hos 
pital  and  Southeast  cholera  hospital  in  1849  ;  to 
the  Pennsylvania  hospital,  1852-59  ;  to  the  Penn 
sylvania  Institute  for  the  Deaf  and  Dumb  in  1865, 
and  to  the  Presbyterian  hospital.  He  was  a  mem- 
of  the  Philadelphia  Medical  society,  and  its  vice- 
president  in  1859  ;  a  member  of  the  American 
Medical  association  ;  the  Philadelphia  County 
Medical  association  ;  the  American  Philosophical 
society,  and  a  fellow  of  the  Philadelphia  College 
of  Physicians.  He  contributed  to  medical  jour 
nals  and  is  the  author  of :  Neill  and  Smith's 
Compend  of  Medicine  ivith  Prof.  Francis  G.  Smith 
(1848),  and  Neill  on  the  Veins  (1852).  He  died  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Feb.  11,  1880. 

NEILL,  Robert,  representative,  was  born  in 
Independence  county,  Ark.,  Nov.  12,  1838  ;  son 
of  Henry  and  Dorcas  (Stark)  Neill  ;  grandson  of 
Robert  and  Magdalene  (Black)  Neill,  and  a  de 
scendant  of  John  and  Bethia  Neill  of  Sussex 
county,  Del.  He  received  a  good  English  educa 
tion  in  private  schools  and  took  a  course  in  land 
surveying  in  Ohio  in  1859.  He  was  surveyor  of 
Independence  county,  1860-61  ;  a  private,  lieu 
tenant  and  captain  in  the  1st  Arkansas  mounted 
riflemen,  Confederate  army,  1861-65,  serving  in 
Gen.  Ben.  McCulloch's  Army  of  the  West  and 


afterward  in  the  Army  of  Tennessee.  He  was 
clerk  of  the  circuit  court  of  Independence  county, 
1866-68  ;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1868,  and 
settled  in  active  practice  in  Batesville,  Ark.,  in 
1872.  He  was  married,  April  27,  1869,  to  Mary 
Adelia,  daughter  of  John  H.  and  Esther  Byers, 
natives  of  Ohio.  He  held  the  rank  of  lieutenant- 
colonel  in  the  Arkansas  state  guards,  1874-77,  and 
brigadier-general  of  state  militia,  1877-82  ;  was  a 
delegate  and  vice-president  for  Arkansas  in  the 
Democratic  national  convention  at  St.  Louis  in 
1888  ;  was  a  member  of  the  Democratic  state  cen 
tral  committee,  and  a  Democratic  representative 
from  the  sixth  Arkansas  district  in  the  53d  and 
54th  congresses,  1893-97. 

NEILL,  Thomas  Hewson,  soldier,  was  born  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.,  April  9,  1826  ;  son  of  Dr.  Henry 
and  Martha  Rebecca  (Duffield)  Neill.  He  attended 
the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1841-42,  was 
graduated  at  the  U.S.  military  acadeim-  and 
assigned  to  the  4th  infantry,  July  1,  1847.  He 
served  in  the  war  with  Mexico,  1847-48  ;  was 
promoted  2d.  lieutenant  and  transferred  to  the 
5th  infantry,  Sept.  8,  1847,  served  in  garrison 
and  on  frontier  duty,  1848-53.  He  was  promoted 
1st  lieutenant,  July  31,  1850  ;  was  assistant  pro 
fessor  of  drawing  at  the  U.S.  military  academy, 
1853-55  ;  principal  assistant  professor  of  drawing, 
1855-57  ;  was  promoted  captain  of  the  5th  infantry, 
April  1,  1857;  served  in  the  Utah  expedition, 
1857-60,  and  in  New  Mexico,  1860-61.  He  was 
acting  assistant  adjutant-general  on  the  staff  of 
General  Cadwalader,  1861-62  ;  was  commissioned 
colonel  of  the  23d  Pennsylvania  volunteers,  Feb. 
17,  1862 ;  served  with  the  Army  of  the  Potomac, 
March  to  August,  1862,  being  engaged  in  the  siege 
of  Yorktown,  the  battles  of  Williamsburg,  Fair 
Oaks,  Savage's  Station  and  Malvern  Hill,  and 
was  brevetted  major,  July  1,  1852,  for  gallant 
and  meritorious  services  at  Malvern  Hill.  He 
commanded  his  regiment  in  the  3d  brigade,  1st 
division,  4th  army  corps,  in  the  Maryland  cam 
paign,  and  was  promoted  brigadier  general,  U.S. 
volunteers,  Nov.  29,  1862.  He  commanded  the 
3d  brigade,  2d  division,  6th  army  corps,  at  Fred- 
ricksburg,  after  Gen.  F.  L.  Vinton  and  Col.  R.  F. 
Taylor  were  wounded,  and  also  in  the  Chancel- 
lorsville,  Gettysburg  and  Richmond  campaigns 
of  1863-64.  He  was  promoted  major  of  the  11th 
infantry,  Aug.  26,  1863,  and  commanded  the  2d 
division, 6th  corps,  at  Cold  Harbor,  June  1 , 1864.  He 
was  brevetted  lieutenant-colonel,  May  3,  1863.  and 
colonel,  May  12,  1864,  for  gallant  and  meritorious 
services  at  Ckancellorsville  and  Spottsylvania. 
He  served  as  acting  inspector  general  in  the 
Shenandoah  campaign,  1864,  being  engaged  in  the 
battle  of  Cedar  Creek  and  several  skirmishes.  He 
was  brevetted  brigadier-general  U.S.A.  and 
major-general  of  volunteers,  March  13,  1865,  for 


NEILL 


NELSON 


gallant  and  meritorious  services  during  the  war, 
and  was  mustered  out  of  the  volunteer  service, 
Aug.  24,  1805.  He  commanded  Fort  Indepen 
dence,  Boston,  Mass.,  1865-66  ;  a  battalion  at  Rich 
mond,  Va.,  1866-67,  and  was  transferred  to  the 
20th  infantry,  Sept.  21, 1866.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  examining  board  of  U.S.  officers.  1867-69,  and 
inspector  general  of  the  U.S.  army  stationed  at 
New  Orleans.  He  was  promoted  lieutenant-col 
onel  and  transferred  to  the  1st  infantry.  Feb.  22, 
1869  ;  commanded  the  general  recruiting  station 
at  Governor's  Island,  N.Y.,  1869-71,  and  was  as 
signed  to  the  6th  cavalry,  Dec.  15. 1870.  He  served 
on  the  frontier  and  against  the  Cheyenne  Indians 
in  the  west,  1871-75  ;  was  commandant  of  cadets 
at  the  U.S.  military  academy,  1875-79;  was  pro 
moted  colonel  and  transferred  to  the  8th  cavalry, 
April  2,  1879,  and  was  retired  from  active  service, 
April  2,  1883.  He  made  two  trips  to  Europe 
while  on  leave  of  absence,  and  resided  in  Phila 
delphia  after  his  retirement.  He  was  married, 
Nov.  20,  1873,  to  Eva  D.  Looney.  He  died  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.,  March  10.  1885. 

NEILL,  William,  educator,  was  born  in  Alle 
gheny  county,  Pa.,  in  1778.  His  parents  were 
massacred  by  the  Indians  when  lie  was  a  child, 
and  he  was  adopted  in  his  sister's  family.  He 
attended  Jefferson  academy,  Canonsburg,  Pa.  ; 
was  graduated  at  the  College  of  New  Jersey, 
A.B..  1803,  A.M.,  1806;  remained  there  as  a 
student  of  theology  and  was  a  tutor,  1803-05  ;  was 
licensed  by  the  presbytery  of  New  Brunswick  in 
October,  1805,  and  ordained  by  the  presbytery  of 
Oneida  in  September,  1806.  He  was  pastor  at 
Cooperstown,N.Y.,  1805-09  ;  of  the  First  church, 
Albany.  N.Y.,  1809-16;  of  the  Sixth  church, 
Philadelphia,  Pa.,  1816-24,  and  was  moderator  of 
the  General  Assembly  in  1815.  He  was  the  sixth 
president  of  Dickinson  col 
lege,  Carlisle,  Pa.,  1824-29  ; 
secretary  and  general  agent 
of  the  Presbyterian  board 
of  education,  1829-31,  and 
pastor  at  Germantown,  Pa., 
1831-42.  He  resided  in  Phil 
adelphia,  Pa.,  1842-60,  where 
he  devoted  himself  to  literary  and  city  missionary 
work.  He  received  the  degree  D.D.  from  Union 
college.  N.Y.,  in  1812.  He  edited  the  Presbyterian 
for  several  years,  contributed  to  other  religious 
periodicals  and  is  the  author  of :  Lectures  on 
Biblical  History  (1846);  Exposition  of  the  Epistle 
to  the  Eithesians  (1850):  Diriiie  Oi'Iyin.  of  tlie 
Christian  Rdiijion  (185-1).  and  Ministry  of  Fifty 
Years  with  Anecdotes  and  Reminiscences  (1857). 
He  died  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Aug.  8.  1860. 

NEILSON,  John,  delegate,  was  born  at  Raritan 
Landing,  N.Y.,  March  11.  1745;  son  of  Dr.  John, 
-it  native  of  Belfast,  Ireland,  and  Joanna  (Coey- 


maus)  Neilson.  He  was  educated  at  the  University 
of  Pennsylvania  and  engaged  as  a  shipping 
merchant  at  New  Brunswick,  N.J.  He  raised  a 
company  of  militia  in  1775,  of  which  he  was  ap 
pointed  captain  in  July  of  that  year.  He  was 
appointed  colonel  of  a  regiment  of  minute-men, 
Aug.  31,  1775 ;  colonel  of  the  2d  regiment  of 
militia  from  Middlesex  count}',  N.J. ,  in  August, 

1776,  and  brigadier-general  of  militia,    Feb.  21, 

1777.  He    was    engaged     in    repelling    British 
inroads  ;    planned   and   surprised  the  British  at 
Bennett's   Island,    and   in    1779    commanded   the 
New  Jersey  militia  in.  the  northern  part  of  the 
state.  He  was  a  delegate  from  New  Jersey  to  the 
Continental  congress,  1778-79,    and  was    deputy 
quartermaster-general   for    New  Jersey,  1780-83. 
He  was  elected  a  delegate  to  the  Federal  constitu 
tional  convention  in  1787,  but  failed  to  attend  ; 
Avas  a  member  of  the    state    convention    that 
ratified   the   Federal    constitution    in    1790,  and 
represented  New  Brunswick  in  the  New  Jersey 
assembly,  1800-01.     Lafayette  presented  him  with 
a  sword  in  1824.     He  was  president  of  the  board  of 
trustees,  Rutgers  college,  1782-1833.    He  was  mar 
ried  to  Catharine,    daughter  of  John   Voorhees. 
He  died  in  New  Brunswick,  N.J.,  March  3,  1833. 

NELSON,  Charles  Alexander,  librarian,  was 
born  in  Calais,  Maine,  April  14,  1839 ;  son  of 
Israel  Potter  and  Jane  (Capen)  Nelson  :  grandson 
of  Jonathan  and  Lydia  (Potter)  Nelson,  and  a 
descendant  of  Bernard  Capen  of  Dorchester, 
Mass.,  admitted  freeman,  May  16,  1636.  He 
was  a  student  and  librarian  at  Gorham  academy, 
Maine,  1854-55,  and  librarian  of  the  Washington 
Irving  Literary  association,  Cambridge,  Mass., 
1856-61.  He  was  graduated  at  Harvard,  A.B., 
1860,  A.M.,  1863;  studied  civil  engineering  at 
the  Lawrence  scientific  school,  1861-62,  and  li 
brary  science  at  Harvard  college  library, 1857-64. 
He  taught  school,  1861-64 ;  was  a  civil  engineer 
in  the  quartermaster's  department  of  the  U.S. 
army  at  New  Berne,  N.C.,  1864-65,  and  a  delegate 
to  the  Republican  state  convention  at  Raleigh, 
N.C.,  1865.  He  engaged  in  business  in  New 
Berne,  1865-74  ;  was  in  the  book  business  in 
Boston,  Mass.,  1874-79,  and  also  occupied  himself 
with  library,  literary  and  editorial  work.  He 
was  professor  of  Greek  and  librarian  in  Drury 
college,  Springfield,  Mo.,  1877-80  ;  manager  of 
the  Old  South  book-store,  Boston,  Mass.,  and 
editor  of  its  publication,  1878-81  ;  catalogue  libra 
rian  of  the  Astor  library,  New  York  city,  1881- 
88  ;  librarian  of  the  Howard  Memorial  library, 
New  Orleans,  La.,  1888-91  ;  assistant  librarian  of 
the  Newberry  library,  Chicago,  III.,  1891-93,  and 
in  1893  became  deputy  librarian  at  Columbia 
university,  New  York  city.  He  made  a  special 
study  of  library  enconomy  ;  was  elected  a  mem 
ber  and  secretary  of  the  American  Library  asso- 


NELSON 


NELSON 


ciation  ;  was  a  founder,  secretary  and  president  of 
the  New  York  library  club,  and  at  the  Pan-Amer 
ican  exposition,  1901,  was  awarded  "  honorable 
mention  "  for  his  catalogue  of  the  Astor  library. 
He  was  married,  July  25,  1872,  to  Emma,  daughter 
of  Benson  and  Eliza  (Quick)  Norris  of  Slaterville 
Springs,  N.Y.  He  was  the  Boston  correspondent 
of  the  American  Bookseller,  1875-81  ;  a  member  of 
the  editorial  staff  of  The  Watchman  and  of  Zion's 
Herald,  1876-88  ;  compiled  and  edited  Catalogue 
of  the  Astor  Library  (4  vols.,  1886-88)  ;  edited 
Catalogue  of  the  Avery  Memorial  Library  (1895) ; 
compiled  Books  on  Education  in  the  Libraries  of 
Columbia  University  (1901).  and  is  the  author  of  : 
Walt  ham,  Past  and  Present  (1879)  ;  Weston,  in 
Samuel  A.  Drake's  "History  of  Middlesex  County, 
Mass."  (1888),  and  The  Manuscripts  and  Early 
Printed  Books  Bequeathed  to  the  Long  Island 
Historical  Society  by  S.  B.  Duryea  (1897). 

NELSON,  Cleland  Kinloch,  third  bishop  of 
Georgia  and  160th  in  succession  in  the  American 
episcopate,  was  born  at  Greenwood,  near  Cobham, 
Albemarle  county,  Va.,  May  23,  1852  ;  son  of 
Keating  S.  and  Julia  (Rogers)  Nelson,  and  a 
lineal  descendant  of  William  Nelson,  president 
of  Virginia  colony,  and  of  Gen.  Thomas  Nelson, 
signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence  and 
governor  of  Virginia.  He  was  graduated  at  St. 
John's  college,  1872  ;  studied  for  the  priesthood 
under  his  uncle,  the  Rev.  Dr.  C.  K.  Nelson,  and 
at  the  Berkeley  divinity  school,  Conn.  He  was 
ordained  deacon  in  the  church  of  the  Ascension, 
Washington,  D.C.,  Sept.  19,  1875,  and  priest  in 
Holy  Trinity  church,  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  June  22, 
1876.  He  was  rector  of  the  church  of  St.  John 
the  Baptist,  German towji,  Pa.,  1876-82,  and  of 
the  Church  of  the  Nativity, South  Bethlehem,  Pa., 
1882-92.  He  was  elected  bishop  of  Georgia,  Nov. 
12,  1891,  and  was  consecrated  in  St.  Luke's 
cathedral,  Atlanta,  Ga.,  Feb.  24,  1892,  by  Bishops 
Quintard,  W.  B.  W.  Howe,  Lyman,  Whitehead, 
Rulison.  Coleman,  Jackson  and  Watson. 

NELSON,  David,  educator,  was  born  near 
Jonesborough,  Tenn.,  Sept.  24, 1793  ;  son  of  Henry 
and  Anna  (Kelsey)  Nelson.  He  was  a  student 
at  Washington  college,  Tenn.  ;  studied  medicine 
at  Danville,  Ky.,  and  in  Philadelphia,  and  was  a 
surgeon  in  the  war  of  1812,  in  Canada  and  in 
Alabama  and  Florida.  He  was  licensed  to  preach 
by  the  presbytery  of  Holston  in  April.  1825,  and 
while  preaching  in  Tennessee  conducted  the 
Calvinistic  Magazine,  Rogersville.  On  the  death 
of  his  brother,  Samuel  Kelsey  Nelson,  May  27, 
1827,  lie  succeeded  him  as  pastor  of  the  church 
at  Danville,  K}'.  He  was  a  trustee  of  Centre 
college.  1827-30.  He  founded  Marion  college, 
near  Palmyra,  Mo.,  in  1830,  and  was  its  president, 
1830-36.  In  1836  lie  removed  to  Quincy,  111., 
and  established  a  school  for  young  men.  He 


is  the  author  of  Cause  and  Cure  of  Infidelity, 
(1836.)  He  died  in  Oakland,  111.,  Oct.  17,  1844. 

NELSON,  Hugh,  representative,  was  born  in 
Yorktown,  Va.,  Sept.  30,  1768;  son  of  Gov. 
Thomas  and  Lucy  (Grymes)  Nelson  ;  grandson  of 
Gov.  William  Nelson,  and  of  Philip  and  Mary 
(Randolph)  Grymes,  and  a  great-grandson  of 
Thomas  Nelson,  a  native  of  Scotland,  who 
settled  in  Virginia  in  1690,  and  founded  the  town 
of  York  in  1705.  Hugh  Nelson  was  graduated  at 
the  College  of  William  and  Mary  in  1790,  was  a 
member  of  the  house  of  delegates  in  the  Virginia 
legislature,  speaker  of  the  house  and  a  judge  of 
the  general  court.  He  was  married  in  1799  to 
Eliza  Kinlock.  He  was  a  presidential  elector  on 
the  Pinckney  and  King  ticket  in  1808,  and  was  a 
Republican  representative  in  the  12th-18th  con 
gresses,  serving  from  Nov.  4,  1811,  to  Jan.  14, 
1823.  He  resigned  to  accept  the  appointment  by 
President  Monroe  of  U.S.  minister  to  Spain,  and 
held  the  office  until  Nov.  23,  1824.  He  died  in 
Albemarle  county.  Va.,  March  18,  1836. 

NELSON,  Jeremiah,  representative,  was  born 
at  Rowley,  Mass..  Sept.  18,  1768  ;  son  of  Solomon 
and  Elizabeth  (Mighill)  Nelson  ;  grandson  of 
Solomon  and  Mercy  (Chaplin)  Nelson,  and  a 
descendant  of  Thomas  Nelson,  who  emigrated 
from  England  to  America  in  Mr.  Rogers's  com 
pany,  and  settled  in  Rowley,  Mass.,  where  he 
was  made  freeman,  May  23,  1639.  Jeremiah 
Nelson  was  graduated  at  Dartmouth.  A.B.,  1790, 
A.M.,  1793.  He  studied  law,  settling  in  New- 
buryport.  Mass.,  as  a  merchant,  became  engaged 
in  the  West  India  trade,  and  in  marine  and  fire 
insurance.  He  was  the  first  president  of  the 
Newburyport  Mutual  Fire  Insurance  company, 
1829-36  ;  treasurer  of  the  Newburyport  Insti 
tution  of  Savings,  1827-38 ;  chairman  of  the 
selectmen  of  the  town  at  the  time  of  the  great 
fire  of  1811,  and  held  several  other  important 
local  offices.  He  married  Mary,  daughter  of 
John  Balch  of  Newburyport.  He  became  a 
leader  in  Federal  politics;  was  a  representative 
to  the  general  court  in  1804  ;  a  presidential 
elector  in  1812  ;  a  Federalist  representative  in 
the  9th  congress,  1805-07,  succeeding  Rev.  Man- 
asseh  Cutler  in  1805,  and  a  Whig  representa 
tive  in  the  14th-l8th  congresses,  1815-25,  and  in 
the  second  session  of  the  22d  congress,  from 
Dec.  6,  1832,  to  March  2.  1833,  to  fill  the  unex- 
pired  term  of  Rufus  Choate,  resigned,  lie  was 
chairman  of  the  committee  on  public  buildings, 
1821-24.  From  1830  to  1836  he  was  prominently 
engaged  in  the  prosecution  of  Spanish  and 
French  claims,  being  attorney  for  most  of  the 
claimants  in  Newburyport  and  vicinity.  He  died 
at  Newburyport,  Mass.,  Oct.  2,  1838. 

NELSON,  John,  cabinet  officer,  was  born  in 
Fredericktown,  Md..  June  1.  1791  ;  son  of  Roger 


[648] 


NELSON 


NELSON 


1807,  and  was 
semblv,    1808-09. 


Nelson  (q.v. ).  He  was  graduated  at  the  College 
of  William  and  Mary  in  1811,  and  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  1818.  He  settled  in  practice  in 
Fredericktown  ;  was  a  Republican  representa 
tive  to  the  17th  congress,  1821-23  ;  was  appointed 
U.S.  minister  to  Naples  by  President  Jackson, 
serving.  18:31-32,  and  attorney -general  in  Presi 
dent  Tyler's  cabinet,  to  succeed  Hugh  S.  Legare 
and  served,  1843-45.  He  died  in  Baltimore,  Md., 
Jan.  8.  18(50. 

NELSON,  Knute.  senator,  was  born  in  Vosse- 
vangen  parish,  Norway,  Feb.  2,  1843.  Ho 
immigrated  to  the  United  States  with  his  mother 
in  1S49,  ami  resided  in  Chicago,  111..  1849-50,  and 
in  YValworth  and  Dane  counties,  Wis.,  1850-71. 
He  was  graduated  from  Al 
bion  academy,  Wis.,  in  1805  ; 
enlisted  in  the  4th  Wisconsin 
infantry,  and  served,  1861-05, 

.       J        ,  , 

being  wounded  and  taken 
prisoner  at  the  siege  of  Port 
Hudson,  La.,  June  14,  1863. 
He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
a  member  of.  the  Wisconsin  as- 
He  removed  to  Alexandria, 
Minn.,  in  1871  ;  was  county  attorney  for  Douglas 
county,  1872-74 ;  state  .senator,  1875-78  ;  presi 
dential  elector  on  the  Republican  ticket  in  1880  ; 
was  a  member  of  the  state  board  of  University 
regents,  1882-93,  and  a  Republican  representative 
in  the  48th,  49th  and  50th  congresses,  1883-89. 
He  was  governor  of  Minnesota,  1892-94,  U.S. 
senator,  1895-1901,  and  by  re-election,  1901-07. 
In  the  senate  he  was  chairman  of  the  committee 
on  improvement  of  the  Mississippi  river  and  its 
tributaries. 

NELSON,  Rensselaer  Russel,  jurist,  was  born 
in  Cooperstown,  N.Y.,  May  12,  1820  ;  son  of 
Judge  Samuel  and  Catherine  Ann  (Russell)  Nel 
son  ;  grandson  of  John  Rogers  and  Jean  (Mc- 
Arthur)  Nelson  and  of  John  and  Elizabeth 
(Williams)  Russell,  and  a  descendant  of  John 
Nelson,  who  emigrated  from  Ballingarry,  Ireland, 
and  settled  in  Salem.  N.Y..  in  1 702.  He  was 
graduated  at  Yale,  1846  ;  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1849;  began  practice  in  Buffalo,  N.Y.  : 
in  1850  removed  to  St.  Paul.  Minn.,  and  engaged 
in  practice  there,  lie  was  appointed  associate 
judge  of  the  supreme  court  of  Minnesota  terri 
tory  in  1857,  and  upon  its  admission  as  a  state 
was  appointed  district  judge  of  Minnesota  by 
President  Buchanan.  May  11,  1858,  holding  the 
office  until  May  1(5.  1896,  when  he  resigned.  He 
was  at  the  time  the  oldest  Federal  judge  in  the 
service  of  the  United  States.  He  was  married, 
Nov.  3,  1858.  to  Emma,  daughter  of  Washington 
Beebee  of  New  York  state.  In  1901  he  was  made 
the  candidate  of  the  Democratic  party  in  the 
Minnesota  legislature  for  U.S.  senator. 


NELSON,  Roger,  soldier,  was  born  in  Fred 
ericktown,  Md.,  in  1735  ;  son  of  John  Nelson.  He 
entered  the  Continental  army  and  svas  com 
missioned  2d  lieutenant  of  the  5th  Maryland 
regiment  in  1779.  He  was  promoted  1st  lieu 
tenant,  July  15,  1780,  was  seriously  wounded  and 
left  for  dead,  and  made  a  prisoner  at  the  battle 
of  Camden,  S.C.,  Aug.  16,  1780.  He  was  ex 
changed  in  December,  1789,  and  transferred  to 
Baylor's  regiment  of  Continental  dragoons,  Nov. 
9,  1782,  where  he  served  till  the  close  of  the  war. 
After  the  war  he  became  prominent  as  a  lawyer  ; 
was  elected  a  representative  from  Maryland  in 
the  8th  congress  to  take  the  place  of  Daniel 
Hiester,  deceased,  and  was  re-elected  to  the  9th, 
10th,  and  llth  congresses,  serving  from  Nov. 
5,  1804,  till  May  14,  1810,  when  lie  resigned  to  ac 
cept  the  appointment  of  associate  justice  of  the 
5th  judicial  circuit  of  Maryland.  He  died  in 
Fredericktown,  Md.,  June  7,  1815. 

NELSON,  Samuel,  jurist,  was  born  in  Hebron, 
Washington  county,  N.Y.,  Nov.  10,  1792;  son  of 
John  Rogers  and  Jean  (McArthur)  Nelson.  He 
was  graduated  at  Middlebury  college  in  1813, 
studied  law  in  Granville,  N.  Y.,  under  Chief- 
Justice  Savage  and 
was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1817.  He 
settled  in  practice  in 
Cortland,  N.Y.,  and 
in  trying  his  first  suit 
won  his  case  through 
superior  knowledge 
of  the  law  by  which 
lie  obtained  a  stay. 
He  was  a  presiden 
tial  elector  on  the 
Monroe  and  Tomp- 
kins  ticket  in  1820  and 
postmaster  of  Cort 
land,  1820-23.  He 
was  married  in  1819 

to  Pamella,  daughter  of  Judge  Andrew  S.  Wood 
of  Bath.  N.Y.,  and  secondly,  in  1825.  to  Catharine 
Ann,  daughter  of  Judge  Russell  of  Cooperstown, 
N.Y.  In  1829  he  made  his  home  at  Fenimore, 
where  he  was  a  friend  and  neighbor  of  Cooper, 
the  novelist.  He  was  a  member  of  the  state  con 
stitutional  conventions  in  1822  and  1844  ;  judge 
of  the  sixth  circuit  court  of  New  York,  1823-31  ; 
associate  justice  of  the  supreme  court  of  New 
York,  1831-37,  and  chief  justice.  1837-45.  He 
was  appointed  associate  justice  of  the  LT.S.  su 
preme  court  by  President  Tyler  in  1845.  as  suc 
cessor  to  Justice  Smith  Thompson,  deceased, 
and  served  until  October,  1872.  when  lie  re 
signed.  When  the  "  Dred  Scott "  decision  was 
pronounced  by  the  U.S.  supremo  court  in  1*57, 
he  concurred  with  Chief-Justice  Tanev.  In  1871 


[G49] 


NELSON 


NELSON 


he  was  appointed  by  President  Grant  a  member 
of  the  joint  high  commission  that  met  in  Wash 
ington,  D.C.,  to  arbitrate  the  Alabama  claims, 
and  \vhileiii  attendance  on  that  commission  con 
tracted  a  cold  that  forced  him  to  resign  his  seat 
on  the  supreme  bench.  His  name  was  before 
several  Democratic  national  conventions  as  an 
available  nominee  for  president.  He  received 
the  degree  of  LL.D.  from  Geneva  in  1837,  from 
Middlebury  in  1841,  from  Columbia  in  1841  and 
from  Hamilton  in  1870.  He  died  in  Coopers- 
town,  N.Y.,  Dec.  13.  1878. 

NELSON,  Samuel  Kelsey,  clergyman,  was 
born  near  Jonesborougli,  Tenn.,  Oct.  9,  1787  ;  son 
of  Henry  and  Anna  (Kelsey)  Nelson.  He  \vas 
graduated  at  "Washington  college,  Tenn.,  in  1803, 
taught  school  in  'Kentucky  for  a  short  time  and 
also  studied  law.  He  studied  theology  under  Dr. 
Samuel  Doak,  president  of  "Washington  college, 
and  was  licensed  to  preach  by  the  presbytery 
of  Holston  in  1807.  He  preached  in  South  Caro 
lina  and  Tennessee.  1807-'9,  and  was  pastor 
of  the  church  in  Danville,  Ky..  1809-27.  He  was 
one  of  the  principal  founders  of  Centre  college 
at  Danville,  Ky.,  chartered  in  1819,  and  of  the 
Kentucky  Asylum  for  the  Deaf  and  Dumb.  He 
went  to  Florida  to  found  a  like  institution  in 
1827.  He  was  a  charter  trustee  of  Centre  college, 
1819-27,  and  received  the  degree  D.D.,  probably 
from  Washington  college.  He  died  in  Tallahas 
see,  Fla.,  May  7,  1827. 

NELSON,  Thomas,  Jr.,  signer,  was  born  in 
Yorktown,  Va.,  Dec.  26,  1738;  son  of  Judge 
William  Nelson  (1711-1772)  (q.v.).  He  received 
his  preliminary  education  at  Nelson  House,  under 
the  Rev.  Mr.  Yates  ;  was  placed  in  a  preparatory 
school  at  Hackney, 
England,  in  1752,  and 
was  graduated  at 
Trinity  college,  Cam 
bridge,  returning  to 
Virginia  in  17G1, 
where,  in  17(32,  he  was 
married  to  Lucy, 
daughter  of  Col. 
riiilip  and  Mary 
(Randolph)  Grimes  of 
Middlesex  county. 
He  was  a  member  of 
the  Virginia  house  of 
burgesses  in  17(H,  and 
in  1774,  when  that 
body  was  dissolved  bv 

Lord  Dunmore.  he  was  among  the  protestants 
against  the  action  of  the  governor  ;  urged  the  ap 
pointment  of  deputies  to  a  general  congress,  and 
was  returned  to  the  next  house.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  convention  that  met  at  Williams- 
burg,  Aug.  1.  1774,  and  that  of  March,  1775, 


where  he  proposed  to  meet  British  aggression 
with  armed  opposition,  and  was  appointed  colonel 
of  the  2d  Virginia  regiment  by  the  convention 
in  July,  1775.  On  his  election  as  a  delegate  to 
the  Continental  congress  from  Virginia  in  1775, 
he  resigned  his  commission  as  colonel  and  served 
in  congress,  1775-77,  signing  the  Declaration 
of  Independence  of  July  4,  177G.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  Virginia  constitutional  convention 
of  May,  1776.  He  resigned  his  seat  in  congress 
in  May,  1777,  on  account  of  temporary  illness, 
and  in  August,  1777,  was  appointed  commander 
of  the  Virginia  state  forces,  and  in  response  to 
an  appeal  from  congress  raised  and  equipped  a 
troop  of  cavalrymen,  accompanying  them  to 
Philadelphia.  He  expended  a  large  sum  of 
money  in  this  patriotic  purpose,  but  as  the 
troop  was  not  called  into  service  he  was  never 
repaid  for  his  outlay  except  by  the  act  of  Aug.  8, 
1778,  in  which  it  was  ''resolved  that  the  thanks 
of  congress  be  given  to  the  Honorable  General 
Nelson  and  to  the  officers  and  gentlemen  for  their 
brave,  generous  and  patriotic  efforts  in  the  cause  of 
their  country. "  He  was  returned  to  congress  from 
Virginia  in  1779,  and  served  for  a  few  months,  but 
another  sudden  illness  forced  him  to  resign. 
When,  the  invasion  of  Virginia  was  threatened  in 
May,  1779,  he  organized  the  militia  and  subse 
quently  at  his  own  expense  sent  two  regiments  to 
the  south,  guaranteeing  the  payment  of  their 
arrears  to  secure  their  service.  In  June,  1780, 
when  Virginia  resolved  to  borrow  $2,000,000  for 
the  Continental  treasury  to  provide  for  the  main 
tenance  of  the  French  fleet,  he  secured  a  large 
part  of  the  amount  by  personal  endorsement, 
which  he  was  obliged  to  pay.  He  was  elected 
governor  of  Virginia,  June  12,  1781  ;  commanded 
the  Virginia  militia  in  the  siege  of  Yorktown  ; 
ordered  the  artillery  to  open  upon  his  own  house, 
which  he  supposed  was  the  headquarters  of  the 
British  general  ;  was  present  at  the  surrender 
of  Cornwallis,  and  received  the  thanks  of  Wash 
ington  in  general  orders.  He  retired  from  the 
office  of  governor,  Nov.  30,  1781,  whereupon  lie 
was  accused  of  mal-administration  for  assum 
ing  dictatorial  powers  during  the  perilous  term 
of  his  administration.  He  was,  however,  exon 
erated  by  the  state  legislature.  He  spent  the  re 
mainder  of  his  life  in  retirement  and  poverty,  his 
fortune  having  been  expended  for  his  country, 
and  no  recompense  was  ever  made  by  the  govern 
ment  to  his  family.  His  grave  at  Yorktown,  Va., 
was  not  marked,  but  his  statue  was  placed  in  the 
group  on  the  Washington  monument  at  Rich 
mond,  Va.  He  died  at  "  Offley  ",  Hanover  county, 
Va.,  Jan.  4.  1789. 

NELSON,  Thomas  Amos  Rogers,  representa 
tive,  was  born  in  Roane  count}',  Tenn.,  March 
19,  1812;  son  of  David  and  Phoebe  (White) 


NELSON 


NELSON 


Nelson,  and  grandson  of  John  Nelson  of  Rock- 
bridge  county,  Va.  He  was  graduated  at  East 
Tennessee  college  in  1828  ;  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1832,  and  settled  in  practice  in  Washing 
ton  county.  He  was  married.  July  30,  1839, 
to  Ann  E..  daughter  of  Montgomery  Stuart  of 
Washington  county,  Teun.  He  was  attorney  and 
solicitor-general  for  the  first  district  of  Tennes 
see,  1833  :  attorney-general,  first  district,  1841-47  ; 
a  presidential  elector  on  the  Clay  and  Freling- 
huysen  ticket  in  1844,  and  on  the  Taylor  and 
Fillmore  ticket  in  1848.  He  declined  the  U.S.  con 
sulship  to  China  in  1851,  was  defeated  by  James 
C.  Jones  by  one  vote  in  the  Whig  caucus  for  the 
U.S.  senatorship,  1851,  and  by  John  Bell  in  1853  ; 
was  a  Whig  representative  from  the  first  Ten 
nessee  district  in  the  3f>th  congress,  18.V.MH,  and 
was  re-elected  to  the  3?th  congress.  In  endeav 
oring  to  make  his  way  to  Washington  to  take 
his  seat  lie  was  captured  by  Confederate  scouts 
in  southwestern  Virginia,  taken  to  Richmond, 
and  obtained  his  parole  upon  condition  that  he 
would  return  home  and  not  engage  in  hostilities 
against  the  Confederate  States  while  they  had  pos 
session  of  Tennessee.  He  was  president  of  East 
Tennessee  Union  conventions  at  Knoxville  and 
Greenville  in  1861  ;  removed  to  Knoxville  in  1863  ; 
was  a  trustee  of  East  Tennessee  university,  1860  ; 
•counsel  for  President  Johnson  in  the  impeach 
ment  trial,  1868  ;  a  delegate  to  the  Democratic 
national  convention  at  New  York  in  1868  ;  judge 
of  the  state  supreme  court,  1870-71,  and  resigned 
in  1871.  He  is  the  author  of  the  poems  :  East  Ten 
nessee  :  King  Caucus,  and  Secession.  He  died  in 
Knoxville,  Tenn.,  Aug.  24;  1873. 

NELSON,  William,  president  of  Virginia,  was 
born  in  1711  ;  son  of  Thomas  Nelson  (1677-1745), 
.a  native  of  Penriff,  Scotland,  who  emigrated  to 
America  about  1690  ;  settled  in  Virginia,  where 
he  was  known  as  "  Scotch  Tom;"  founded  and 
laid  out  the  town  of  York  in  170")  ;  built  the  first 
custom  house  in  the  colonies  :  founded  Nelson 
House,  which  was  rebuilt  by  his  son  William  in 
1740.  and  was  still  in  possession  of  the  Nelson 
family  in  1902,  and  married  a  Miss  Reid  and  af 
terward  a  Mrs.  Tucker.  William  inherited  his 
father's  fortune  and  added  to  it  by  his  own  mer 
cantile  ventures  and  through  the  purchase  of 
large  landed  estate.  He  was  president  of  the 
Virginia  council  for  a  long 
term  of  years,  and  acting  gov 
ernor  of  Virginia  from  Oct. 
1 15,  1770,  to  August,  1771,  be- 
ftweenthe  death  of  Lord  Bote- 
tourt  and  the  coming  of  the 
Earl  of  Dunmore.  He  also 
presided  over  the  general  or 
supreme  court  of  law  and  equity  for  the  province. 
He  dispensed  a  liberal  hospitality  and  his  charities 


were  extensive  and  judicious.  He  married  Miss 
Burwell  of  Virginia,  granddaughter  of  Robin  Car 
ter.  He  died  in  Yorktown.  Va.,  Nov.  19,  1772. 

NELSON,  William,  soldier,  was  born  near 
Maysville,  Ky.,  in  182.').  He  entered  the  U.S. 
navy  as  a  midshipman,  Jan.  28,  1840;  was  pro 
moted  passed  midshipman,  July  11,  1846  ;  com 
manded  a  battery  at  the  siege  of  Vera  Cruz, 
Mexico,  March  9-29,  1847,  and  afterward  served 
in  the  Mediterranean  squadron.  He  was  pro 
moted  master,  Sept.  19,  1854  ;  lieutenant,  April 
18,  1855.  and  was  attached  to  i\\e  Niagara  in  1858, 
in  which  vessel  the  negroes  taken  from  the 
slave-ship  Echo  were  returned  to  Africa.  He 
was  serving  on  ordnance  duty  at  Washington, 
B.C.,  early  in  18(51  ;  was  promoted  lieutenant- 
commander,  July  16,  1861,  and  had  charge  of  the 
gunboats  on  the  Ohio  river.  He  notified  Presi 
dent  Lincoln  that  to  hold  Kentucky  to  the  Union 
it  would  be  necessary  to  send  to  the  state  10,000 
stands  of  arms,  as  the  secessionists  had  taken  pos 
session  of  the  state  arms,  and  at  the  same  time 
he  offered  his  services  to  recruit  and  equip  a 
Union  home  guard.  His  services  were  promptly 
accepted  and  the  arms  furnished,  and  on  the 
day  after  the  August  election,  1861,  the  recruits 
began  to  gather  at  Camp  Dick  Robinson,  and  by 
September  1,  there  were  four  Kentucky  regi 
ments.  Lieutenant  Nelson  was  commissioned 
brigadier-general  of  volunteers  and  resigned 
from  the  navy.  He  had  also  gathered  from 
eastern  Tennessee  2000  volunteers  under  Captain 
Carter,  and  some  difficulty  arising  as  to  the  dis 
tribution  of  troops,  Gen.  George  H.  Thomas 
succeeded  to  the  command  of  Camp  Dick  Robin 
son  and  General  Nelson  was  sent  on  raids  in  east 
ern  Kentucky.  On  Nov.  8,  1861,  he  engaged  with 
two  Ohio  regiments  re-enforced  by  detachments 
from  several  Kentucky  regiments,  in  checking 
the  advance  of  Col.  John  S.  Williams  on  Preston- 
burg  and  forced  the  Confederate  leader  to  re 
treat  into  Virginia.  Nelson  was  then  ordered 
to  join  the  column  in  front  of  Louisville,  where 
he  was  assigned  to  the  command  of  the  4th 
division  under  Gen.  D.  C.  Buell,  who  had  as 
sumed  command  of  the  Army  of  the  Ohio,  Nov. 
15,  1861.  In  the  battle  of  Pittsburg  Landing, 
April  6-7,  1862,  he  took  a  conspicuous  part  as 
commander  of  the  4th  division,  and  was  pro 
moted  major-general  of  volunteers,  occupying 
Murfreesboro,  Tenn.,  July  13,  1862,  after  which 
he  joined  in  repelling  the  raids  of  Morgan  in 
Kentucky.  He  was  defeated  at  Richmond,  Ky., 
Aug.  30,  1862,  and  defended  Louisville  against 
Bragg's  threatened  attack.  In  a  dispute  with 
Gen.  Jefferson  C.  Davis  at  the  Gait  House 
in  Louisville,  while  in  command  of  that  city, 
General  Davis,  either  intentionally  or  otherwise, 
flipped  a  small  wad  of  paper  in  General  Nelson's 


[051] 


NETTLETON 


face  and  Nelson  thereupon  slapped  Davis's  face 
with  the  back  of  his  hand.  When  they  next  met 
General  Davis  drew  a  pistol  and  shot  Nelson,  who 
died  within  half  an  hour.  General  Davis  was 
arrested,  but  had  110  trial.  General  Nelson  died 
in  Gait  House,  Louisville,  Ky.,  Sept.  29,  1862. 

NELSON,  William,  author,  was  born  in 
Newark,  N.J..  Feb.  10,  1847  ;  son  of  William  and 
Susan  (Cherry)  Nelson,  and  grandson  of  Thomas 
Nelson.  He  was  educated  in  the  public  schools 
of  Newark,  and  engaged  in  journalism  in  New 
ark,  and  Paterson,  N.J.  He  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1878.  and  settled  in  practice  in  Pater- 
son.  He  was  elected  secretary  of  the  New  Jer 
sey  historical  society  in  1880  ;  a  member  of  the 
board  of  managers  of  the  Society  of  American 
Authors,  and  an  honorary  and  corresponding 
member  of  many  historical,  literary  and  scien 
tific  societies  in  Europe  and  the  United  States. 
He  received  the  honorary  degree  of  A.M.  from 
Princeton  university  in  1896.  He  was  married, 
July  2.1,  1889,  to  Salome  W.,  daughter  of  Henry 
C.  Doremus  of  Paterson,  N.J.  He  edited  the 
New  Jersey  Archives,  1885-1901,  and  is  the  author 
of  :  The  Indians  of  New  Jersey  (1894) ;  The  Dore 
mus  Family  in  America  (1897)  ;  History  of  the 
City  of  Paterson  (1901),  and  numerous  legal, 
biographical  and  scientific  monographs. 

NERAZ,  John  Claude,  E.G.  bishop,  was  born 
in  Anse,  Rhone,  France,  Jan.  12,  1828.  He  was 
educated  in  the  college  of  St.  Godard  and  in  the 
seminary  of  St.  Jodard  at  Alix,  and  completed 
his  theological  studies  in  the  Sulpitiaii  seminary 
at  Lyons,  France,  in  1832.  He  was  ordained  sub- 
deacon  and  deacon  by  Bishop  Odin,  at  Galveston, 
in  September,  1852,  and  engaged  in  missionary 
work  at  Nacogdoches,  Texas.  He  was  ordained 
priest  at  Galveston,  Feb.  19,  1853,  by  Bishop  Odin  ; 
engaged  in  missionary  work  in  Liberty  county, 
Texas,  1854-66  ;  served  as  an  assistant  priest  in 
San  Antonio,  Texas,  1866-68  ;  engaged  in  mission 
ary  work  at  Laredo,  1868-73,  where  he  completed 
a  church  and  convent,  and  was  rector  of  the 
church  of  San  Fernando,  San  Antonio.  Texas, 
1873-75.  He  was  vicar-general  and  chancellor  of 
the  diocese  of  San  Antonio,  1874-80;  administra 
tor  of  the  diocese  of  San  Antonio,  after  the  death 
of  Bishop  Pellicer,  April  14,  1880,  and  was  con 
secrated  bishop  of  San  Antonio,  May  8,  1881,  by 
Bishop  Fitzgerald.  He  also  served  as  administra 
tor  of  the  vicariate-apostolic  of  Brownsville,  on 
the  promotion  of  Bishop  Manucy  in  1884,  and  as 
acting  vicar-apostolic  after  the  death  of  the 
bishop,  Dec.  4,  1885,  until  the  appointment  of 
Bishop  Verdaguer,  July  3,  1890.  He  attended 
the  third  plenary  council  of  Baltimore  in  1884. 
He  was  influential  in  founding  a  college  in  Travis 
county  and  a  seminary  at  Hallettsville.  He 
died  at  San  Antonio,  Texas,  Nov.  15,  1894. 


[652] 


NES,  Henry,  representative,  was  born  in  York, 
Pa.,  in  1799.  He  studied  medicine  and  settled  in 
practice  in  his  native  place.  He  filled  many  local 
offices,  and  was  an  Independent  Whig  represent 
ative  in  the  28th  congi'ess,  1843-45,  and  a  Whig- 
representative  in  the  30th  and  31st  congresses, 
1847-50.  He  attended  the  venerable  John  Quincy 
Adams,  when  he  fell  in  the  hall  of  the  House  of 
Representatives,  in  1848,  stricken  with  apoplexy. 
He  was  married  to  Elizabeth  Weiser  of  York 
county,  Pa.,  and  their  son,  Dr.  Charles  Martin 
Nes,  in  conjunction  with  other  scientific  men,  dis 
covered  the  steel-making  properties  of  magnetic 
silicate  of  iron  ore  when  combined  with  pig  and 
scrap  iron,  patented  this  product  as  silicon  steel, 
and  formed  a  company  to  develop  the  discovery. 
Henry  Nes  died  in  York,  Pa.,  Sept.  10,  1850. 

NESMITH,  James  Willis,  senator,  was  born 
in  Washington  county,  Maine.  July  23.  1820  ;  son 
of  William  Morrison  and  Harriet  (Willis)  Nes- 
mith,  and  was  of  Irish  and  Scotch  ancestry.  His 
parents  removed  to  New  Hampshire,  where  he 
attended  school.  In  1838  he  went  to  the  Western 
Reserve  and  made  his  home  with  his  uncle  Joseph 
G.  Willis,  near  Cincinnati,  Ohio.  He  started  for 
Oregon  in  1842,  joined  the  Applegate  party  at 
Fort  Scott,  and  settled  in  Salem,  Oregon,  in  1843, 
where  he  was  influential  in  forming  the  provi 
sional  government.  He  studied  law,  1843-45,  and 
was  appointed  judge  in  1845.  He  married  Pauline 
Goff  in  1846.  He  commanded  a  company  on  ex 
peditions  against  the  Indians,  1848  and  1853,  was 
U.  S.  marshal  for  Oregon  territory,  1853-55;  super 
intendent  of  Indian  affairs,  1857-61,  and  was  elected 
senator  by  the  Republican  legislature  as  successor 
to  Joseph  Lane,  serving,  1861-67.  He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  committee  on  military  affairs,  Indian 
affairs  and  of  the  special  committees  on  commerce 
and  Revolutionary  claims,  and  of  a  committee  ap 
pointed  to  visit  the  Indian  tribes  of  the  west. 
He  also  served  as  a  visitor  to  the  U.S.  military 
academy  and  as  an  attendant  on  the  funeral  of 
General  Scott.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  National 
Union  convention  at  Philadelphia,  in  1866,  and 
was  appointed  by  President  Johnson,  U.S.  minis 
ter  to  Austria  in  1867,  but  his  appointment  was 
not  confirmed  by  the  senate.  He  settled  in  Rick- 
reall,  Polk  county,  Oregon,  as  a  farmer  and  stock 
raiser;  and  was  Democratic  representative  in  the 
43d  congress,  1873-75.  He  died  at  Rickrea.ll, 
Oregon,  June  17,  1885. 

NETTLETON,  Alured  Bayard,  soldier,  was 
born  in  Berlin,  Delaware  county,  Ohio,  Nov.  14, 
1838;  son  of  Hiram  and  Lavina  (James)  Nettle- 
ton,  who  were  among  the  earliest  settlers  in  cen 
tral  Ohio.  His  first  ancestor  in  America,  John 
Nettleton,  came  from  Kenilworth,  England,  and 
was  one  of  the  founders  of  Killingworth,  Conn., 
1663.  His  immediate  paternal  ancestors  lived  in 


NETTLETOX 


NEUENDORFF 


Newport,  N.H.  On  his  mother's  side  he  descend 
ed  from  Elijah  Janes,  an  officer  of  dragoons  and 
afterward  paymaster 
in  the  Revolutionary 
army.  Until  1852  he 
lived  on  his  father's 
farm,  and  attended 
the  district  school 
and  a  local  academy. 
While  book-keeper 
for  a  lumber  milling 
company  in  Michi- 
S^  gan,  1853-56,  he  stud 
ied  evenings,  and 
was  a  student  at 
Oberlin  college,  1857- 
61,  being  meantime 
active  in  antislavery 
agitation.  In  April, 

1861,  on  the  fall  of  Fort  Sumter,  he  volunteered 
in  a  company  of  students,  but  Ohio's  quota  being 
full  they  were  not  mustered.  In  August,  1861, 
he  enlisted  as  a  private  in  the  2d  Ohio  cavalry, 
was  elected  first  lieutenant  of  his  company, 
was  promoted  through  the  intermediate  grades 
to  colonel  of  the  regiment,  and  served  contin 
uously  in  the  field  to  the  close  of  the  war,  be 
ing  mustered  out  in  June,  1865.  His  most  active 
service  was  in  Ouster's  division  of  the  cavalry 
corps,  Army  of  the  Potomac,  including  Grant's 
battles  of  the  Wilderness,  Sheridan's  several  raids 
and  his  Shenandoah  campaign  and  the  siege  of 
Richmond  and  Petersburg.  His  army  record 
shows  him  to  have  served  in  fourteen  states  and 
one  territory;  to  have  participated  in  seventy- 
two  battles  and  minor  engagements  ;  to  have  had 
three  horses  shot  under  him  in  action,  and  to  have 
been  brevetted  brigadier-general  by  the  President 
for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  under  Sheri 
dan.  He  was  married,  in  1863,  to  Melissa,  daugh 
ter  of  Dr.  Lumaii  Tenney  of  Ohio,  and  had  two 
daughters  and  one  son.  He  received  his  diploma 
in  arts  from  Oberlin  in  1863  and  his  A.M.  degree 
in  1866  ;  was  a  trustee  of  Oberlin  college,  1870-93, 
and  a  trustee  of  Carleton  college  (Minn.),  1885-6. 
He  studied  law  at  Albany  Law  school,  1865-6; 
was  editor  and  joint  owner  of  the  Saiidusky 
Daily  Register,  1867-9  ;  published  the  Chicago  Ad 
vance,  1869-70  ;  wras  managing  editor  of  the  Phil 
adelphia  Enquirer,  1878,  and  founder,  editor  and 
proprietor  of  the  Minneapolis  Daily  Tribune,  1880- 
85.  He  resided  in  Philadelphia  and  was  associ 
ated  with  Jay  Cooke  in  the  projection  and  con 
struction  of  the  Northern  Pacific  railroad,  1870- 
76,  and  in  mining  and  other  enterprises,  1875-80; 
removed  to  Minnesota  in  1880,  and  in  1890  was 
appointed  assistant  secretary  of  the  treasury  and 
served  through  President  Harrison's  administra 
tion.  He  was  acting  secretary  of  the  treasury 


[653] 


from  the  death  of  Secretary  Windom,  Jan.  29, 
1891,  until  the  accession  of  Charles  Foster  in 
March  following.  He  was  the  financial  member 
of  the  board  of  management  of  the  government 
department,  Columbian  exposition,  1890-93.  He 
was  a  delegate  to  the  Republican  national  con 
vention,  1868  ;  a  member  of  the  anti-saloon  Re 
publican  national  committee,  1884-89,  and  in 
1900  became  joint  owner  of  extensive  sugar  plan 
tations  in  Sinaloa,  Mexico.  He  was  a  contributor 
to  magazines  and  author  of :  Trusts  or  Competi 
tion  (1900). 

NEUENDORFF,  Adolph  Henry  Anthony 
Magnus,  musician  and  composer,  was  born  in 
Hamburg,  Germany,  June  13,  1843.  He  came  to 
New  York  with  his  parents  in  June,  1855,  and 
began  immediately  the  study  of  the  violin  with 
Matka,  and  theory 
and  composition  with 
Gustave  Schilling.  In 
the  spring  of  1859  he 
made  his  first  appear 
ance  as  a  pianist  in  a 
concert  at  Dodworth 
Hall,  New  York.  He 
also  became  connect 
ed  with  orchestras  as 
a  violinist.  In  1860 
he  accompanied  his 
father  to  Brazil, 
where  he  gave  violin 
recitals  in  every  im 
portant  town  in  the 
empire.  On  his  re 
turn  to  the  United  States  in  1863  he  became 
musical  director  of  the  German  theatre  m  Mil 
waukee,  Wis. ,  remaining  there  until  the  spring 
of  1864,  when  he  studied  theory  and  composition 
under  Carl  Anschuetz  in  New  York  city,  who 
trained  him  as  chorus-master  and  operatic  con 
ductor.  In  the  fall  of  1864,  Neuendorff  succeeded 
Anschuetz  as  conductor  of  the  German  opera, 
which  he  directed,  1864-67.  He  was  director  of 
the  New  York  Stadt-Theatre,  1867-71,  and  pro 
duced  a  large  number  of  operas,  including  some 
of  Wagner's  works,  notably,  "Lohengrin"  in 
its  first  production  in  the  United  States.  In 
the  fall  of  1871  he  brought  Wachtel.  the  tenor, 
and  Pauline  Lucca  to  America,  and  in  the  fol 
lowing  year  was  associated  with  Carl  Rosa  in 
the  management  of  a  season  at  the  Academy 
of  Music,  when  he  presented  Parepa-Rosa,  Ade 
laide  Phillips,  Wachtel  and  Santly.  He  man 
aged  the  Germania  theatre  in  New  York,  1872-84. 
In  1875  he  gave  another  long  season  of  opera 
at  the  Academy  of  Music,  introducing  Wachtel 
and  Mme.  Pappenheim,  and  in  1876  conducted 
the  Beethoven  centennial  performances  there. 
In  the  summer  of  1876  he  went  to  Bayreuth  to 


NEUMANN 


NEVADA 


attend  the  first  Wagner  festival  as  correspond 
ent  of  the  New  York  Staats-Zeitung.  In  1877 
he  conducted  the  Wagner  festival  in  New  York 
city,  when  "The  Flying  Dutchman,"  "  Tann- 
hauser "  and  "Lohengrin"  were  performed: 
also  tlie  "  Walkyre."  for  the  first  time  in  the 
United  States.  He  was  elected  conductor  of  the 
Philharmonic  Society  of  New  York  in  1878,  as 
successor  to  Theodore  Thomas.  He  inaugurated 
popular  promenade  concerts  at  Boston  music  hall, 
which  he  successfully  carried  on  for  five  seasons, 
1880-85.  He  conducted  the  summer  concerts  at 
the  Central  Park  Garden.  New  York,  in  1886,  and 
introduced  Josef  Hofman,  the  boy  pianist.  He  was 
conductor  of  an  English  opera  company,  1889- 
97,  in  a  tour  over  the  United  States  and  Mexico, 
producing  the  Wagner  operas.  He  composed 
two  symphonies  :  a  number  of  overtures  and  can 
tatas  ;  four  operas:  Der  Minstrel  (1879) ;  The  Rat 
Catcher  of  Hamelin  (1880)  ;  Don  Quixote  (1882)  ; 
Waldmeister's  Brautfahrt  (1887);  a  mass,  and 
many  songs  and  quartettes  for  male  and  female 
voices.  He  married  a  singer  whose  stage  name 
%vas  Georgine  Von  Januschowski,  who  survived 
him.  He  died  in  New  York  city,  Dec.  4,  1897. 

NEUMANN,.  John  Nepomucene,  R.  0.  bishop, 
was  born  at  Prachatitz,  Bohemia,  Austria,  March 
28,  1811;  son  of  .Philip  and  Agnes  (Lebis)  Neu 
mann.  He  attended  the  college  and  the  theological 
seminary  at  Budweis.  1823-33,  and  the  seminary 
at  Prague,  lH33-3i).  He  was  ordained  priest,  June 
213,  1836,  by  Bishop  Dubois  iu  St.  Patrick's  cathe 
dral,  New  York  city.  He  was  missionary  to  the 
district  of  Niagara  Falls  witli  headquarters  at 
Williamsville,  1836-40,  and  built  a  church  in  that 
vicinity.  He  studied  medicine  and  gathered  to 
gether  a  large  collection  of  botanical  specimens, 
which  he  sent  to  the  museum  at  Munich.  He 
entered  the  order  of  the  Redemptorists  at  Pitts- 
burg,  Pa..  Oct.  18,  1840,  and  on  Jan.  16,  1842,  made 
his  profession  in  St.  James's  church,  Baltimore, 
Md.,  the  first  profession  in  the  order  made  in 
the  United  States.  He  was  attached  to  the 
church  of  St.  James  in  Baltimore  for  which  he 
did  missionary  work  in  Maryland,  Virginia  and 
Pennsylvania,  1842-44.  On  March  5,  1844,  he  was 
appointed  superior  of  the  Redemptorist  convent 
at  Pittsburgh,  built  the  church  of  St.  Philomena 
and  commenced  anew  pastoral  residence  to  serve 
as  a  convent  for  the  fathers  as  well  as  for  a 
novitiate.  He  was  appointed  vice-provincial  by 
Father  de  Held  of  Belgia,  Dec.  15.  1846.  and  iii 
this  capacity  organized  and  maintained  schools, 
asylums  and  benevolent  and  religious  societies 
and  also  established  churches  in  various  cities. 
He  retired  from  office  in  1849,  was  made  consultor 
to  the  Provincial  that  succeeded  him  and  served 
as  pastor  of  St.  Alphonsus'  church,  Baltimore, 
in  1851.  He  was  appointed  bishop  of  Philadel 


phia  in  1851,  by  command  of  Pius  IX.,  and  was 
consecrated  at  Baltimore  on  Passion  Sunday, 
March  28,  1852,  by  Archbishop  Francis  Patrick 
Kenrick,  assisted  by  Bishop  O'Reilly  of  Hart 
ford,  and  Rev.  Francis  L'Homme.  He  attended 
the  first  plenary  council  in  Baltimore  in  1852. 
During  the  first  five  years  of  his  episcopacy  he 
established  over  fifty  new  churches  and  paro 
chial  schools,  St.  Joseph's  college  in  Susquehanna 
county,  St.  Vincent's  home  for  orphans,  a  Ger 
man  hospital,  various  academies  and  industrial 
schools  for  girls  and  a  preparatory  seminary 
for  theological  students.  He  visited  Rome  in 
1854  to  take  part  in  the  deliberations  on  the  In/ 
maculate  Torment  ion  of  the  Virgin  Mary  :  paid 


. . 


<ATH£PKAL    OF_  ST.  PE.TER"'  ST. PAUL-, 


a  visit  to  his  home  and  in  1858  opened  the  new 
cathedral.  He  wrote  a  Bible  history  and  manuals 
for  devotions.  See  "  Life  of  The  Right  Reverend 
John  Neumann,  D.D.",  by  Rev.  Eugene  Grimm, 
C.SS.R.,  from  German  of  Rev.  John  A.  Berger, 
C.SS.R.  (1884).  During  1886-88,  the  preparatory 
process  of  his  beatification  was  instituted  at  Phil 
adelphia.  He  was  declared  ' '  Venerable  "  by  the 
authorities  of  Rome,  Dec.  15,  1896.  In  October, 
1897,  the  "Apostolic  Process "  of  his  beatifica 
tion  and  canonization  was  begun  in  Philadelphia  ; 
and  the  final  preliminary  act,  that  of  opening  his 
tomb  by  a  special  ecclesiastical  court,  was  made 
April  22,  1902,  in  order  to  identify  his  body  and 
report  to  Rome.  He  died  in  Philadelphia,  Pa., 
Jan.  5,  1860. 

NEVADA,  Emma,  priina  donna,  was  born  in 
Austin,  Nev.,  in  1861;  daughter  of  Dr.  Wixon. 
She  was  educated  in  Mills  seminary  at  Oakland, 
Cal.,  and  early  evinced  musical  talent.  She  re 
turned  to  Austin,  Nov.,  and  received  a  prepara 
tory  training  in  vocal  and  instrumental  music 
there  and  in  San  Francisco.  In  1877  she  went  to 
Europe,  where  she  studied  under  Marchesi  until 
1880.  She  adopted  Emma  Nevada  as  a  stage 
name,  and  made  her  debut  in  the  Italian  opera 
"La  Sonnambula"  in  London,  England,  in  1880, 
in  the  Mapleson  opera  company,  gaining  imme 
diate  recognition.  She  sang  with  pronounced 


[65*1 


NEVILLE 


NEVIN 


success  in  Italy,  and  appeared  in  Paris  in  David's 
"  Perle  du  Bresil  "  and  in  Thomas's  "  Mignon  "  at 
the  Opera  Comique,  in  1883.  In  1884  she  sang  in 
"  Lucia  di  Laniinermoor  "  and  other  operas  with 
the  Italian  opera  company,  and  in  the  same  year 
appeared  at  the  Norwich  festival,  in  England, 
and  at  a  concert  of  the  Sacred  Harmonic  society, 
in  London.  She  made  a  concert  tour  of  the 
United  States,  Portugal.  Spain,  and  a  second  tour 
of  Italy,  188r)-S7,  and  in  1887  joined  the  Italian 
opera  company  at  Covent  Garden,  London.  Her 
voice,  a  soprano  of  great  range,  enabled  her  to 
render  her  parts  with  intense  dramatic  effect  and 
her  repertory  included  all  the  standard  operas. 
She  was  married,  Oct.  1,  1885,  to  Dr.  Raymond 
Palmer  and  they  made  their  home  in  Paris.  In 
1901-02  she  made  a  concert  tour  through  the 
principal  American  cities. 

NEVILLE,  William,  representative,  was  born 
in  Washington  county,  111..  Dec.  29,  1843;  son  of 
Capt.  Harvey  and  Aly  (Harrimann)  Neville  ; 
grandson  of  John  and  Milly  (Neville)  Neville, 
and  great-grandson  of  William  Neville  and  of 
James  Neville,  who  were  born  on  Potomac  river,  in 
Virginia,  about  1750  and  1752,  and  whose  parents 
came  from  Durham,  England.  His  parents  re 
moved  to  Randolph  county.  111.,  in  1851,  where 
he  was  a  student  at  McKendree  college,  Lebanon, 
III.  He  served  in  the  Federal  army  as  sergeant, 
142d  Illinois  volunteer  infantry,  1864-05.  He  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1874,  and  practised  in 
Omaha  and  North  Platte,  Neb.  He  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  the  Illinois  legislature  in  1872  ;  re 
moved  to  Omaha,  Neb.,  in  1874,  and  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  the  Nebraska  legislature  in  1876. 
He  settled  at  North  Platte,  Neb.,  in  1877,  and 
was  married  in  1882  to  Mary  Ann  Keith,  who  died 
in  1884,  and  he  was  married  secondly  in  1886, 
to  Irene  Morrison  Rector,  granddaughter  of  Gen. 
Pitcairn  Morrison,  U.S.A.  He  was  defeated  for 
the  49th  congress  in  1884,  by  G.  W.  E.  Dorsey  ; 
was  judge  of  the  loth  judicial  district,  1891-95, 
and  was  elected  judge  of  the  Nebraska  supreme 
court  in  1896,  but  as  the  amendment  of  the  con 
stitution  providing  for  an  increased  court  did  not 
pass,  he  did  not  take  his  seat.  He  was  elected  by 
the  Democrats,  Populists  and  Silver  Republicans 
of  the  sixth  district  of  Nebraska,  a  representative 
in  the  56th  congress  to  fill  the  vacancy  caused  by 
the  death  of  W.  L.  Greene,  and  was  re-elected  by 
the  Democrats  in  1900  to  the  57th  congress,  serv 
ing.  1X99-190;?. 

NEVIN,  Alfred,  editor  and  author,  was  born 
in  Shippensburg,  Pa.,  March  14,  1816  ;  son  of 
Maj.  David  and  Mary  (Pierce)  Nevin,  and  grand 
son  of  Daniel  and  Margaret  (Williamson)  Rey 
nolds  Nevin.  Daniel  Nevin  came  from  England 
with  his  brother,  and  settled  in  Cumberland 
Valley,  Pa.,  before  1800.  Maj.  David  Nevin  was 


a  merchant  :  served  in  the  war  of  1.812,  and  was 
a  member  of  the  Pennsylvania  constitutional 
convention  of  1837.  Alfred  Nevin  was  graduated 
at  JetFerson  college.  A.B.,  1833,  A.M.,  1838  ;  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1837  ;  abandoned  law,  and 
was  graduated  at  Western  Theological  seminary, 
Allegheny,  Pa.,  in  1840.  He  was  ordained  by  the 
presbytery  of  New  Castle  in  May,  1840,  pastor  at 
Cedar  Grove,  Pa.,  where  he  served,  1840-45.  He 
was  married,  May,  6,  1841,  to  Sarah  J.,  daughter 
of  the  Hon.  Robert  Jenkins  of  Lancaster  county, 
Pa.  He  was  pastor  of  the  German  Reformed 
church  at  Chambersburg,  Pa.,  1845-52;  of  the 
Second  church  at  Lancaster,  Pa.,  1852-57  ;  of 
Alexander  church  at  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  1857-61, 
and  was  moderator  of  the  synod  of  Philadelphia 
in  1856.  He  edited  The  Standard,  1861-66,  which 
was  merged  into  the  Northwestern  Presbyterian, 
Chicago,  111.,  in  1866,  and  the  Presbyterian 
Weekly,  1872-74,  and  was  chief  editor  of  the 
Presbyterian  Journal,  1875-80.  He  lectured  in 
the  National  School  of  Oratory  in  Philadelphia, 
Pa.,  1878-80,  and  was  frequently  a  commissioner 
to  the  general  assemblies  and  synods  of  the 
Presbyterian  church.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
Presbyterian,  Pennsylvania  and  Wisconsin  his 
torical  societies,  a  member  of  the  Presbyterian 
board  of  publication,  and  a  trustee  of  Lafayette 
college,  1863-65.  He  received  the  degree  of  D.D. 
from  Lafayette  college  in  1855,  and  LL.D.  from 
Western  Theological  seminary  in  1873.  He  edited 
the  Presbyterian  Encyclopaedia  (1884),  and  the 
Presbyterian  Year  Book  for  1887-88  (1887),  and  is 
the  author  of  :  Christian's  Rest  (1843);  Spiritual 
Progression  (1848);  Churches  of  the  Valley  (1852); 
Guide  to  tie  Oracles  (1857);  Words  of  Comfort 
for  Doubting  Hearts  (1867) ;  Commentary  on  Luke 
(1867);  The  Age  Question  (1868);  Popular  Com 
mentary  (\8GS);  The  Voice  of  God  (1873):  Sabbath- 
School  Help  (1874);  Notes  on  Exodus  (1874);  Men 
of  Mark  of  Cumberland  Valley,  Pa.  (1876);  Notes 
on  the  Shorter  Catechism  (1878);  Glimpses  of  the 
Coming  World  (1880);  Triumph  of  Truth  (1880); 
Prayer-Meeting  Talks  (1880);  Parables  of  Jesus 
(1881);  Letters  to  Col.  Robert  G.  Ingersoll  (1882); 
How  Tlieij  Died  (1883);  Folded  Leaves  (1885),  and 
Tu-elve  Revival  Sermons  (1885).  He  died  in  Lan 
caster,  Pa..  Sept,  2,  1890. 

NEVIN,  Blanche,  sculptor,  was  born  in  Mer- 
cersburg,  Pa.,  Sept.  25,  1841  ;  daughter  of  the 
Rev.  John  Williamson  (q.v.)  and  of  Martha 
(Jenkins)  Nevin.  She  studied  art  in  Philadelphia, 
making  a  specialty  of  sculpture,  and  in  Rome, 
Venice  and  Florence.  She  opened  a  studio  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.,  where  she  executed  in  addition 
to  portrait  busts,  statues  of  :  Maud  Midler  (1865); 
Ere  (1876);  Cinderella  (1X70).  and  Gen.  Peter 
Mnhlenberg  ( 1XX7),  placed  in  the  capitol  at  Wash 
ington. 


[055] 


NEVIN,  Edwin  Henry,  clergyman  and  educa 
tor,  was  born  in  Shippeusburg,  Pa.,  May  9,  1814  ; 
son  of  Maj.  David  and  Mary  (Pierce)  Nevin.  He 
was  graduated  at  Jefferson  college  in  1833  ;  at 
tended  Western  Theological  seminary,  1833-34, 
and  Princeton  Theological  seminary.  1834-30. 
He  was  licensed  to  preach  by  the  presbytery  of 
Philadelphia  in  1836  ;  ordained  by  the  presbytery 
of  Mahoning,  June  25,  1839  ;  was  pastor  at  Ports 
mouth,  Ohio,  1836-39,  and  at  Poland,  Ohio,  1839- 
41.  He  was  the  first  president  of  Franklin  college. 
New  Athens,  Ohio,  under  its  departure  as  an 
•antislavery  institution,  and  as  the  old  building 
was  purchased  by  the  pro-slavery  party  and 
named  Providence  college,  he  erected  a  new  col 
lege  building.  While  serving  as  president  of 
Franklin  college,  he  was  also  pastor  of  the  Pres 
byterian  churches  at  New  Athens  and  Mount 
Vernon.  He  was  pastor  of  the  Plymouth  Con 
gregational  church,  Cleveland,  Ohio,  1848-53  ;  of 
Congregational  churches  in  Walpole,  Edgar- 
town  and  Chelsea,  Mass.,  1853-62  ;  of  a  Reformed 
church  in  Lancaster,  Pa.,  1865-70,  and  of  the 
lie  formed  (German)  church  in  Philadelphia,  Pa., 
1870-75.  He  devoted  himself  entirely  to  literary 
work,  1875-89,  and  in  recognition  of  his  achieve 
ments,  was  elected  an  honorary  member  of  the 
Victorian  Institute  and  Philosophical  Society  of 
Great  Britian.  He  received  the  honorary  degree 
of  D.D.  from  Franklin  college  in  1870.  Pie  was 
married,  July  6,  1837,  to  Ruth  C.,  daughter  of 
Abner  G.  Little  of  Hollis,  N.H.  He  is  the 
author  of:  Mode  of  Baptism  (1847);  Warning 
Against  Popery  (1851);  Faith  in  God,  the  Foun 
dation  of  Individual  and  National  Greatness 
(1852) ;  The  Men  of  Faith  (1856) ;  The  City  of  God 
(1868);  The  Minister's  Handbook  (1872);  History 
of  all  Religions  (in  collaboration  with  his  son, 
William  Channing)  (1871);  Humanity  and  its 
Responsibility  (1872);  Thoughts  About  Christ 
(1882);  A  Handbook  of  Church  History  (1884), 
and  Carmlna  Cordls,  poems  (1885).  He  died  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.,  June  2,  1889. 

NEVIN,  Ethelbert,  composer,  was  born  at 
the  family  home  Vine-acre,  in  the  Sewickley 
valley,  Allegheny  county,  Pa.,  Nov.  25.  1862  ;  son 
of  Robert  and  Elizabeth  (Oliphant)  Nevin  ;  grand 
son  of  John  and  Martha  (McCracken)  Nevin, 
and  a  descendant  of  Daniel  Nevin,  who  came 
from  north  Ireland  about  1740-50,  and  of  John 
Williamson,  who  came  from  England  to  Chester, 
Pa.,  in  1730.  He  attended  the  common  school 
at  Edge  worth,  and  after  a  brief  clerkship  de 
cided  to  become  a  concert  pianist.  He  studied 
the  pianoforte  under  R.  J.  Lang  of  Boston,  and 
harmony  under  Stephen  Emery  at  the  same  time. 
In  1884-87  he  was  in  Berlin,  where  he  studied 
under  Karl  Klind worth  and  von  Billow,  and  was 
persuaded  by  Klindworth  to  give  his  attention 


solely  to  composition.  He  was  in  Boston.  1887- 
90;  in  France  and  Germany,  1890-92:  again  in 
Boston,  1892-94,  and  in  Europe,  1894-98.  He 
was  married  in  1888  to  Anne  Paul  of  Pittsburg, 
Pa.  A  few  weeks  before  his  death,  he  removed 
to  New  Haven  to  lead  a  quiet  life  and  devote 
himself  to  composition.  Narcissus,  said  to  be 
the  Triost  popular  of  his  pianoforte  compositions, 
had  received  a  sale  exceeding  125,000  copies  before 
his  death,  and  one  of  his  most  widely  known 
songs,  The  Rosary,  also  reached  a  phenomenal 
sale.  Among  his  early  compositions  are  Good, 
Night,  Good  Night,  Beloved  (1875),  and  Oh  Tliat 
We  Two  Were  Maying  (1877).  His  better  known 
pianoforte  compositions  include :  A  Day  in 
Venice  ;  Water  Sketches ;  A  Sketch  Book,  and 
May  in  Tuscany,  the  last  being  his  most  am 
bitious  work.  His  compositions  number  over  250, 
and  many  of  his  songs  and  piano  pieces  became 
exceedingly  popular,  the  former  being  considered 
by  critics  to  be  generally  more  meritorious.  He 
died  in  New  Haven,  Conn.,  Feb.  17,  1901. 

NEVIN,  George  Batch,  composer,  was  born  at 
Shippensburg,  Pa.,  March  15, 1859  ;  son  of  Samuel 
Williamson  and  Harriet  (Macomb)  Nevin  ;  grand 
son  of  Maj.  David  and  Maiy  (Pierce)  Nevin,  and 
a  descendant  of  Daniel  Nevin,  the  immigrant, 
He  attended  the  Cumberland  Valley  state  normal 
school,  and  matriculated  at  Lafayette  college  in 
the  class  of  1883.  He  studied  music  and  in  1883 
engaged  in  the  wholesale  paper  trade  in  Easton, 
Pa.,  but  still  continued  his  musical  studies. 
He  composed  among  others  the  songs :  The 
Hills  of  God;  The  Song  of  Eternity;  At  the 
Cross  ;  The  Minster  Song  ;  TJie  Phantom  Horse 
man,  and  the  duets  My  Faith  Looks  up  to  Thee, 
Eventide  and  Twilight.  He  also  wrote  numer 
ous  part  songs  and  anthems  much  used  by  vocal 
teachers,  singing  clubs  and  in  churches.  He  com 
posed  the  music  for  which  the  Rev.  Dr.  Henry  C. 
McCook  (q.v.)  wrote  the  national  hymn,  "God 
Guard  Columbia."  He  was  married,  April,  25, 
1888.  to  Lillias  C.,  daughter  of  the  Rev.  William 
Hawley  Dean  of  California. 

NEVIN,  John  Williamson,  educator,  was 
born  at  Herrons  Branch  near  Shippensburgi 
Pa..  Feb.  20,  1803  ;  son  of  John  and  Martha  (Mc 
Cracken)  Nevin  ;  grandson  of  Daniel  and  Margaret 
(Williamson)  Nevin,  and  a  descendant  of  Daniel 
Nevin.  emigrant,  and  of  John  Williamson,  who 
came  from  England  to  Chester,  Pa.,  1730.  He  was 
graduated  from  Union  college  in  1821  and  from 
the  Princeton  Theological  seminary  in  1826.  He 
was  instructor  in  oriental  and  biblical  literature 
at  the  Princeton  Theological  seminary  during  the 
absence  of  Dr.  Charles  Hodge  in  Europe,  1826-28  ; 
supplied  pulpits  at  Big  Spring,  Pa..  1829,  and 
was  professor  of  biblical  literature  at  Western 
Theological  seminary,  Allegheny,  Pa.,  1829-40. 


[656] 


NEVIN 


NEVIN 


He  was  married  to  Martha  Nevin,  daughter  of  the 
Hon.  Robert  and  Catharine  (Carmichael)  Jenkins 
of  Lancaster  county  ;  granddaughter  of  the  Rev. 
John  Carmichael  of  Brandywine  Manor,  and 
great-great-granddaughter  of  David  Jenkins,  a 
native  of  Wales.  He  was  ordained  an  evangelist 
by  the  presbytery  of  Ohio,  April  22,  1835.  He 
was  professor  at  the  German  Reformed  Theo 
logical  seminary  at  Meroersburg,  Pa.,  1840-53  ; 
president  of  Marshall  college,  Pa.,  1841-53; 
professor  of  aesthetics  and  history  at  Franklin 
and  Marshall  college,  Lancaster,  Pa.,  1861-66, 
professor  of  mental  and  moral  philosophy, 
1868-76,  and  president  of  the  college,  1866-76. 
He  retired  to  private  life  in  1876.  The  honorary 
degree  of  D.D.  was  conferred  on  him  by  Jef 
ferson  college,  Pa.,  in  1839,  and  that  of  LL.D.  by 
Union  college,  N.Y.,  in  1873.  He  edited  the  Mer- 
cersburg  Review  at  Chambersburg,  Pa.,  1849-53, 
and  is  the  author  of :  Biblical  Antiquities  (2 
vols.,  1827)  ;  The  Anxious  Bench  (1844)  :  The 
Mystical  Presence  (1846),  and  Tlie  History 
and  Genius  of  the  Heidelberg  Catechism  (1847). 
He  also  assisted  in  the  preparation  of  A  Lit 
urgy  or  Order  of  Worship  for  the  use  of  the 
German  Reformed  Church  in  the  United  States 
•of  America  and  An  Order  of  Worship  for  the 
Reformed  Church  (1867).  He  died  in  Lancaster, 
Pa.,  June  6,  1886. 

NEVIN,  Robert  Jenkins,  clergyman,  was 
born  in  Allegheny,  Pa.,  Nov.  24,  1839  ;  son  of  the 
Rev.  John  Williamson  and  Martha  (Jenkins) 
Nevin.  He  was  graduated  at  Franklin  and 
Marshall  college  in  1859,  served  in  the  122d 
Pennsylvania  volunteers,  1861-62,  in  the  Pennsyl 
vania  volunteer  artillery,  1862-65,  and  was  mus 
tered  out  as  captain  with  the  brevet  rank  of 
major.  He  was  graduated  at  the  General  Theo 
logical  seminary  in  1867,  was  admitted  to  the 
iliaconate  in  1867  and  ordained  priest  in  1868. 
He  was  rector  of  the  church  of  the  Nativity  at  Beth 
lehem,  Pa.,  1868-69,  and  in  1869  became  rector 
of  St.  Paul's  church,  Rome,  Italy,  and  erected  a 
church  edifice,  1870-76.  In  1873-74  he  represented 
his  church  in  the  reunion  conferences  called  by 
Dr.  Dollinger  at  Bonn,  Germany ;  served  as 
•commissary  to  the  Bishop  of  Edinburgh  in  estab 
lishing  Old  Catholic  reform  in  Paris  under  Father 
Hyaeinthe  ;  was  president  of  the  standing  com 
mittee,  of  the  American  churches  in  Europe  and 
was  European  commissioner  for  the  Cathedral  of 
St.  John  the  Divine  in  New  York  city.  He  received 
the  degree  of  D.D.  from  Union  college  in  1874; 
LL.D.  from  Hobart  in  1887  :  was  elected  a  member 
of  the  Loyal  Legion  :  of  the  Century  association 
of  New  York,  and  of  the  Athenaeum  club,  London. 
He  is  the  author  of;  Reunion  Conferences  at 
Bonn  (1875),  and  St.  Paul's  u-ithin  the  Walls 
(1877). 


NEVIN,  Theodore  M.,  editor,  was  born  in 
Sewickley,  Pa.,  July  24,  1854;  son  of  Daniel  E. 
and  Margaret  (Irvvin)  Nevin;  grandson  of  John 
and  Martha  (McCracken)  Nevin  and  of  John  and 
Hannah  (Taylor)  Irwin,  and  a  descendant  of 
Maj.  John  Irvvin  and  of  Capt.  William  Mc 
Cracken,  both  of  the  Revolutionary  army.  He 
was  a  student  at  Western  University  of  Penn 
sylvania,  but  left  before  graduating  to  study  in 
Dresden  and  Leipzig  in  1876.  He  was  employed 
by  the  Pittsburg  Leader  in  1877  as  reporter  and 
proof-reader  ;  was  Washington  correspondent  in 
1880  and  1881  ;  was  promoted  telegraph  editor, 
editorial  writer  and  managing  editor  in  1882 ; 
in  1884  became  editor-in-chief,  and  in  1887  presi 
dent  of  the  Leader  Publishing  company.  He 
is  the  author  of  an  extensive  series  of  letters 
of  travel  in  Europe,  the  United  States  and 
Canada. 

NEVIN,  William  Channing,  author,  was  born 
in  New  Athens,  Ohio,  Jan.  1,  1844  ;  son  of  the 
Rev.  Edwin  Henry  (q.v.)  and  Ruth  Channing 
(Little)  Nevin.  He  attended  the  public  schools 
of  Boston,  Mass.  ;  engaged  in  newspaper  wrork ; 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1871  ;  established  and 
edited  the  Evening  Express  in  Philadelphia,  Pa., 
1873-77,  and  was  a  member  of  the  editorial  staff 
of  the  Philadelphia  Press,  1877-78,  and  of  the 
Evening  News,  1881-84,  continuing  the  practice 
of  law  and  also  devoting  himself  to  literary  work. 
He  was  married,  Oct.  26,  1881,  to  Anna  Josepha, 
daughter  of  Dr.  Clement  F.  Shiverick  of  Edgar- 
town,  Mass.  He  is  the  author  of  :  History  of  All 
Religions  (1871) ;  The  Life  of  Rev.  Albert  Barnes, 
D.D.  (1871) ;  The  Blue  Ray  of  Sunlight,  a  Scientific 
Inquiry  (1877);  A  Slight  Misunderstanding  (1877); 
Ghouls  and  Gold  (1885);  A  Wild-Goose  Chase 
(1885);  Bennies  Mother  (1885);  Joshua  Whit- 
comb's  Tribulation  (1886);  In  the  Nick  of  Time 
(1886);  A  Summer  School  Adventure  (1887);  A 
Layman's  Theology  (1890);  The  Norseman,  poem 
(1891);  A  Legend  of  Katama  Bay,  poem  (1891); 
Martha's  Vineyard,  poem  (1894);  Is  there  Real 
Danger?  (1896) ;  A  History  of  our  New  Possessions 
with  an  account  of  the  Peace  Commission  (1899), 
in  collaboration  with  the  editor  of  the  New  York 
Tribune,  and  numerous  essays,  criticisms  and 
addresses. 

NEVIN,  William  Marvel,  educator,  was  born 
at  Herrons  Branch,  near  Shippensburg,  Pa.,  Feb. 
7,  1806 ;  son  of  John  and  Martha  (McCracken) 
Nevin.  He  attended  the  College  of  New  Jersey 
and  was  graduated  at  Dickinson  college  in  1827. 
He  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  but  devoted  himself 
to  the  study  of  medicine  and  finally  abandoned 
both  professions  for  that  of  teaching.  He  taught 
school  in  Ohio,  Pennsylvania  and  Michigan  for 
several  years  ;  was  professor  of  Latin,  Greek  and 
belles  lettres  in  Marshall  college  at  Mercersburg, 


NEVIUS 


NEW 


Pa..  1840-53  ;  of  the  same  at  Franklin  and  Mar 
shall  college  at  Lancaster,  Pa.,  1853-73  ;  of  English 
literature  and  belles  lettres  there,  1872-80,  and 
was  professor  emeritus,  1886-93.  He  received 
the  degree  of  LL.D.  from  Dickinson  college  in 
1881.  He  was  married  to  Hannah  Jane  McClay 
of  Shippensburg,  and  secondly,  in  1854,  to  Mrs. 
Adelaid  (Mellier)  Irwin,  daughter  of  Amadie 
Mellier  of  Switzerland.  He  contributed  to  reli 
gious  periodicals  and  is  the  author  of  verse  and 
prose.  He  died  in  Lancaster,  Pa.,  Feb.  11,  1892. 

NEVIUS,  Elbert,  missionary  clergyman,  was 
born  at  Six  Mile  Run,  Franklin  Park,  N.J.,  Sept. 
4,  1808  ;  son  of  John  P.  and  Gertrude  (Hageman) 
Nevius,  and  grandson  of  Peter  P.  Nevius  and  of 
Benjamin  Hageman.  He  was  a  lineal  descendant 
of  Johannes  and  Adriaentze  (Bleyck)  Nevius. 
Johannes  Nevius  was  born  in  Zoclen,  Gelderland, 
Holland,  in  1627,  settled  in  New  Amsterdam, 
previous  to  1652,  where  he  held  government 
office,  and  died  in  Brooklyn  in  1672.  Elbert 
attended  the  Ovid  academy  and  was  graduated 
from  Rutgers  college  in  1830  and  from  the  theolo 
gical  seminary  at  New  Brunswick  in  1834.  He 
was  married,  November,  1835,  to  Maria  Louisa 
Condict.  He  was  ordained  by  the  classis  of 
Cayuga  in  1834  and  was  pastor  in  Cayuga  county, 
1834-36  ;  missionary  to  the  Island  of  Borneo,  ex 
ploring  regions  which  no  white  man  had  pre 
viously  penetrated,  1836-44,  and  in  1844  returned 
to  the  United  States  and  presented  the  cause 
among  the  churches.  1844-46.  He  was  pastor  of 
the  Reformed  church  of  Stuyvesant,  N.Y.,  1846- 
86.  He  is  the  author  of  :  Sketch  of  Classis  of 
Rensselaer ;  an  article  on  Rev.  W.  J.  Pohlman 
in  "  Sprague's  Annals  of  the  American  Pulpit," 
and  contributions  to  the  Christian  Intelligencer 
and  other  religious  journals.  He  died  at  Stuy 
vesant,  N.Y..  Sept.  29,  1897. 

NEVIUS,  John  Livingston,  missionary,  was 
born  in  Ovid,  N.Y.,  March  4, 1829;  son  of  Benjamin 
Hageman  and  Mary  (Denton)  Nevius  ;  grandson 
of  John  P.  and  Gertrude  (Hageman)  Nevius,  and 
a  descendant  of  Johannes  Nevius,  the  immigrant. 
He  was  a  student  at  Ovid  academy,  1838-45  ;  was 
graduated  at  Union  college  in  1848;  was  prin 
cipal  of  Ovid  academy,  1849-50,  and  engaged  in 
teaching  school  in  Columbus.  Ga..  1850.  He 
was  graduated  at  Princeton  theological  seminary 
in  1853 ;  was  ordained  by  the  presbytery  of  New 
Brunswick,  May  4,  1853,  and  engaged  in  mission 
ary  work.  He  was  a  missionary  of  the  Presbyterian 
board  at  Ningpo,  China.  1853-59  ;  at  Hang  Chau, 
1859-60  ;  spent  nine  months  in  Japan,  1860,  and 
was  at  Tung-Chan  and  Chefoo  in  Shantung, 
1861-93.  He  is  credited  with  having  been  the 
first  to  introduced  American  fruits  in  China,  and 
the  Chinese  government  presented  him  with 
testimonials  for  his  aid  in  distributing  relief  to 


the  natives  in  the  famines  of  1877  and  1889.  He 
visited  England  and  the  United  States,  1864-68, 
and  made  a  second  visit  to  the  United  States  in 
1881-82,  and  a  third  in  1890-92.  He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  committee  for  revising  the  Scriptures 
in  Mandarin  about  1893.  He  was  married,  June 
5,  1853,  to  Helen  S.  Coan,  daughter  of  Dr.  Coan 
of  Seneca  county,  N.Y.  She  accompanied  him 
to  China,  Sept.  19,  1853,  reaching  Shanghai, 
March  12,  1854,  aided  him  in  his  missionary 
wrork  and  is  the  author  of  :  A  Catechism  of  Chris 
tian  Doctrine,  in  Chinese  (1856);  Our  Life  in 
China  (1857),  and  The  Life  of  John  Livingston 
Nevius  (1895).  Dr.  Nevius  received  the  degree 
of  D.D.  from  Union  in  1869.  He  published  in 
English:  China  and  the  Chinese  (1868);  SanPoli, 
or  North  of  the  Hills  ;  MetJiods  of  Mission  Work 
(1886).  and  Demon  Possessions  (1892);  and  in 
Chinese,  classic  Chinese  and  the  Ningpo  dialect  : 
Guide  to  Heaven  (1857);  The  Tiro  Ligfits ;  Errors 
of  Ancestral  Worship :  Guide  to  Evangelists ; 
Systematic  Theology  (3  vols.);  explanation  of  the 
True  Doctrine  ;  Commentary  on  the  Acts :  Mark's 
Gospel  with  Notes;  Manual  for  Inquirers.  Evan 
gelists  and  Cut-Stations;  Questions  on  Matthew's 
Gospel  on  the  Acts,  with  Commentary;  Questions 
on  the  Romans  with  Analysis  for  Bible  and  Theo 
logical  Classes;  Defence  of  Protestantism  against 
Romanism  (1890),  and  with  other  writers  The 
Westminster  Standards  and  a  Mandarin  Hymn- 
Book.  He  died  at  Temple  Hill,  Chefoo,  Shantung. 
China,  Oct.  19.  1893. 

NEW,  Anthony,  representative,  was  born  in 
Gloucester  county,  Va. ,  in  1747.  He  served  as 
colonel  in  the  Revolutionary  army,  and  was  an 
anti-Federalist  representative  in  the  3d.  4th.  5th, 
6th,  7th  and  8th  congresses,  1793-1805.  He  re 
moved  to  Elkton.  Todd  county,  Ky..  and  was  a 
representative  from  that  state  in  the  12th.  15th 
and  17th  congress*,  1811-13.  1817-19  and  1821-23. 
He  died  near  Elkton.  Ky.,  March  2,  1833. 

NEW,  Jeptha  Dudley,  jurist,  was  born  in 
Vernon,  Ind..  Nov.  28.  1830  ;  son  of  Hickman 
and  Smyra  Ann  (Smytha)  New,  and  a  descendant 
of  Jethro  New,  a  soldier  in  the  Revolution.  He 
wras  prepared  for  college  at  Vernon  seminary, 
matriculated  at  Bethany  college,  but  did  not 
graduate.  He  learned  the  cabinet  making  trade 
of  his  father,  taught  school  and  began  the  prac 
tice  of  law  in  Franklin,  Ind.,  in  1856,  removing 
to  Vernon  in  1857.  He  was  married.  April  5, 
1857,  to  Sallie  Butler.  He  was  district  attorney, 
1862-64  ;  judge  of  the  court  of  common  pleas. 
1864-68  ;  a  Democratic  representative  from  the 
fourth  district  of  Indiana  in  the  44th  and  46th 
congresses,  1873-75  and  1877-79.  He  served  as 
chairman  of  the  committee  to  investigate  charges 
against  George  \V.  Seward,  U.S.  minister  to 
China,  and  of  the  committee  sent  to  Louisiana 


[6581 


NEW 


NEW  BERRY 


in  1876  to  investigate  the  presidential  election 
controversy.  He  was  judge  of  the  sixth  judicial 
circuit  of  Indiana,  1882-91,  and  of  the  appellate 
court,  1891-92.  He  was  nominated  by  his  party 
in  June,  1892,  for  judge  of  the  supreme  court  of 
Indiana.  He  died  in  Vernon,  Ind.,  July  11,  1892. 

NEW,  John  Chalfant,  editor,  was  born  in 
Vernon,  Ind.,  July  6,  1831  ;  son  of  John  B.  and 
Maria  (Chalfant)  New,  and  a  descendant  of  Jethro 
New.  He  graduated  from  Bethany  college,  Va. , 
1851  ;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1852,  and  was 
appointed  clerk  of  Marion  county,  Ind.,  in  1856. 
He  was  quartermaster-general  of  Indiana,  1861- 
62  ;  was  state  senator  in  1862  and  resided  in  In 
dianapolis,  Ind.,  where  he  engaged  in  banking; 
was  financial  secretary  to  Governor  Morton,  and 
became  president  of  the  First  National  bank. 
He  was  treasurer  of  the  United  States,  1875-76, 
and  in  1878  became  manager  and  editor-in-chief 
of  the  Indianapolis  Daily  Journal.  He  was  as 
sistant  secretary  of  the  treasury,  1882-84  ;  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Republician  national  committee,  and 
chairman  of  the  Republican  state  committee,  1880 
and  1884.  In  1889  President  Harrison  appointed 
him.  consul-general  at  London.  England,  and  he 
served  through  his  administration. 

NEWBERRY,  John  Strong,  geologist,  was 
born  at  Windsor,  Conn.,  Dec.  22,  1822;  son  of 
Henry  and  Elizabeth  (Strong)  Newberry.  His 
first  ancestor  in  America,  Thomas  Newberry, 
emigrated  from  England  in  16:30,  and  settled  in 
Quincy,  Mass.  The  family  removed  to  Windsor, 
Conn.,  in  1636.  His  grandfather,  Geu.  Roger 
Newberry,  was  a  soldier  in  the  Continental  army 
during  the  Revolutionary  war  and  a  member  of 
the  Connecticut  land  company,  which  purchased 
the  western  reserve  of  Ohio  from  the  state  of  Con 
necticut.  John  attended  the  Western  Reserve 
academy  and  was  graduated  from  Western  Re 
serve  college,  Hudson,  Ohio,  A.B.,  1846,  A.M., 
1849,  and  from  the  Cleveland  Medical  school, 
M.D.,  1848,  continuing  the  study  of  medicine  at 
Paris,  France,  1849-50.  He  practised  medicine 
in  Cleveland,  Ohio,  1850-55,  but  in  May,  1855.  he 
was  appointed  assistant-surgeon  and  geologist  in 
Lieutenant  Williamson's  exploration  of  the  coun 
try  between  San  Francisco  and  the  Columbia 
river.  He  was  geologist  of  the  expedition  under 
Lieut.  Joseph  C.  Ives,  which  explored  the  lower 
Colorado  river,  1857-58,  and  accompanied  the  ex 
pedition  under  Capt.  J.  N.  Macomb,  which  ex 
plored  the  San  Juan  and  upper  Colorado  rivers, 
in  1859.  In  1861  he  was  assigned  to  duty  in  the 
war  department,  but  in  June  he  became  con 
nected  with  the  sanitary  commission  and  in  Sep 
tember  was  appointed  secretary  of  the  western 
branch  of  the  commission.  He  directed  the  sani 
tary  operations  in  the  Mississippi  valley  and  was 
present  at  the  battle  of  Chattanooga,  Tenn.,  Nov. 


23-25,  1863.  He  returned  to  Washington,  D.C. 
1863,  and  was  connected  witli  the  Smithsonian 
Institution.  He  was  professor  of  chemistry  and 
natural  history  at  the  Columbian  university,  1856- 
57  ;  professor 
ofgeology  and 
paleontology 
at  the  School 
of  Mines, 

Columbia  col 
lege,  N.  Y., 
1866-92,  and  SMITHSONIAN  INSTITUTION 

was  made  professor  emeritus  in  1892.  He  was 
director  of  the  State  geological  survey  of  Ohio, 
1869-82,  and  a  member  of  the  Illinois  and  New 
Jersey  geological  surveys.  He  was  married  in 
Cleveland,  Ohio,  Oct.  22,  1848,  to  Sarah  B.,  daugh 
ter  of  Erastus  F.  and  Lucetta  (Cleveland)  Gay- 
lord.  He  was  an  incorporator  of  the  National 
Academy  of  Science  ;  president  of  the  American 
Association  for  the  Advancement  of  Science,  in 
1867  ;  president  of  the  Nesv  York  Academy  of 
Sciences,  1867-91,  and  honorary  president,  1891- 
92.  He  was  also  president  of  the  Torrey  Botani 
cal  club,  1880-90  ;  was  an  organizer  and  first 
vice-president  of  the  Geological  Society  of  North 
America,  and  organized  the  International  Con 
gress  of  Geologists.  The  Geological  Society  of 
London  conferred  on  him  the  Murchison  medal 
in  1888,  in  recognition  of  his  paleontological 
work,  and  the  honorary  degree  of  LL.D.  was 
conferred  on  him  by  Western  Reserve  college  in 
1867.  He  was  an  editor  of  Johnson's  Universal 
Cyclopaedia,  having  charge  of  geology  and 
paleontology  ;  contributed  articles  to  the  V.  S. 
Geological  Survey,  and  to  Reports  of  Explorations 
and  Surveys,  and  is  the  author  of  many  reports, 
including:  Report  upon  the  Colorado  River  of  the 
West,  Explored  in  lS57-.r>8  (1861)  ;  Report  of  the 
Exploring  Expedition  from,  Santa  Fe  to  the  Junc 
tion  of  the  Grand  and  Green  Rivers  (1876),  and 
Final  Reports  of  the  State  Geological  Survey  of 
Ohio  (1  vols.,  1869-82).  He  died  in  New  Haven, 
Conn.,  Dec.  7,  1892. 

NEWBERRY,  Walter  Cass,  representative, 
was  born  at  Waterville,  N.Y.,  Dec.  23,  1835;  son 
of  Col.  Amasa  S.  and  Cornelia  Perry  (Pangburn) 
Newberry ;  grandson  of  Amasa  S.  and  Ruth 
(Warner)  Newberry;  great-grandson  of  Gen. 
Benjamin  Newberry,  commander  of  the  Connec 
ticut  militia  in  the  King  Philip  war,  and  a  de 
scendant  of  Thomas  and  Hannah  Newberry  of 
Dorchester  colony,  1630.  His  father  was  U.S. 
loan  commissioner  under  President  Polk  and 
represented  the  Oneida  district  in  the  New  York 
legislature.  He  attended  the  academies  at  Caze- 
novia  and  Geneva,  N.Y.,and  removed  to  Detroit, 
Mich.,  where  he  entered  the  commercial  house  of 
his  uncle,  Oliver  Newberry.  He  enlisted  as  a 


[C59J 


NEW  BERRY 


NEWCOMB 


privrate  in  the  81st  New  York  volunteers  ;  was 
promoted  lieutenant  in  1861  ;  captain  in  1862  ; 
major  of  the  24th  New  York  cavalry  in  1863  ; 
lieutenant-colonel  and  colonel  in  1864,  and  was 
bre vetted  brigadier-general,  March  31,  1865,  for 
gallant  and  meritorious  service  at  Dinwiddie 
Court  House,  where  he  was  severely  wounded. 
He  removed  to  Petersburg,  Va.,  in  September, 
1863  ;  was  elected  mayor  of  that  city  in  1869, 
and  subsequently  superintendent  of  public  prop 
erty  for  the  state  for  four  years.  He  removed  to 
Chicago,  111.,  in  1876  and  engaged  in  business  as 
.a  merchant  ;  was  postmaster  of  Chicago,  1888-89, 
and  a  Democratic  representative  in  the  52d  con 
gress,  1891-93.  He  became  a  trustee  of  the  New- 
berry  library,  founded  by  his  uncle,  Walter 
Loomis  Newberry,  and  trustee,  executor  and 
agent  of  the  family  estate  in  Chicago. 

NEWBERRY,  Walter  Loomis,  philanthropist, 
was  born  in  East  Windsor,  Conn.,  Sept.  18,  1804  ; 
son  of  Amasa  and  Ruth  (Warner)  Newberry ; 
grandson  of  Benjamin  and  Jerusha  (Stoughton) 
Ne\vberry,  and  a  descendant  of  Thomas  and 
Hannah  Newberry,  who  came  from  Devonshire, 
England,  to  the  Dorchester,  Massachusetts  colony 
in  1630.  He  attended  school  at  Clinton.  N.Y.,  and 
failing  to  pass  the  physical  examination  for  the 
U.S.  Military  academy,  engaged  in  the  shipping 
business  with  his  brother  Oliver,  at  Buffalo, 
N.Y.,  and  in  1828  removed  to  Detroit,  Mich., 
and  successfully  carried  on  the  drygoods  busi 
ness.  In  1863  he  removed  to  Chicago,  where  he 
had  previously  purchased  land  and  subsequently 
became  a  banker  under  the  name  of  Newberry 
&  Burch.  He  was  a  founder  and  director  of 
the  Merchants'  Loan  and  Trust  Co.;  a  director 
and  president  of  the  Chicago  and  Galena,  after 
ward  the  Great  Northwestern  railroad  ;  chairman 
of  the  school  board,  and  president  of  the  Chicago 
Historical  society  for  four  years.  He  was  in 
strumental  in  founding  the  Young  Men's  Library 
association  of  Chicago ;  was  its  first  president 
in  1831,  and  made  the  first  contribution  of  books 
to  its  collection.  He  bequeathed  half  of  his 
estate,  the  endowment  amounting  to  upwards 
of  $4,000,000,  to  found  a  library  in  the  north 
division  of  Chicago,  which  resulted  in  the 
establishment  of  the  Newberry  Library,  of  which 
William  F.  Poole  was  the  first  and  John  Vance 
Cheney  the  second  librarian.  Mr.  Newberry 
died  at  sea,  while  returning  from  a  trip  to 
Europe,  in  1868.  His  widow  died  in  Paris  in 
December,  1885,  and  the  incorporation  and  forma 
tion  of  the  library  began  at  once,  and  in  1902 
contained  about  240.000  volumes,  including  the 
famous  Bonaparte  collection.  The  library  build 
ing  and  site  on  Washington  Park  costing  $750,- 
000  is  magnificent  in  proportions  and  beautiful  in 
design.  Mr.  Newberry  died  at  sea,  Nov.  6,  1868. 


[6601 


NEWCOMB,  Harvey,  editor  and  author,  was 
born  in  Thetford,  Vt.,  Sept.  2,  1803.  His  parents 
removed  in  1818  to  western  New  York,  where  he 
worked  on  the  farm  and  taught  school  in  winter. 
In  1826  he  entered  journalism,  and  in  1831  was 
editing  the  Christian  Herald,  Pittsburg,  Pa.  He 
wrote  and  edited  over  150  books  for  the  American 
Sunday  School  Union,  1831-40.  He  was  licensed 
to  preach  in  1840,  and  held  pastorates  in  West 
Roxbury,  Mass.,  and  elsewhere  in  New  England. 
He  was  an  editor  of  the  Traveler,  Boston,  1849, 
and  assistant  editor  of  the  Observer,  New  York 
city,  1850-51.  In  1850  he  took  charge  of  the  Park 
Street  mission  church,  Brooklyn,  N.Y.  He  is 
the  author  of  :  Manners  and  Customs  of  North 
American  Indians  (2  vols.,  1835);  Young  Lady's 
Guide  (1839)  ;  How  to  be  a  Man  (1846)  ;  How  to 
be  a  Lady  (1847)  ;  Cyclopedia  of  Missions  (1854). 
He  died  in  Brooklyn,  N.Y.,  Aug.  30,  1863. 

NEWCOMB,  Simon,  astronomer,  was  born  in 
Wallace,  N.S.,  March  12,  1835  ;  son  of  John  Bur 
ton  and  Emily  (Prince)  Newcomb,  and  a  descen 
dant  of  Elder  Brewster  of  the  Mayflower.  He 
attended  the  school  kept  by  his  father,  came  to 
the  United  States  in 
1853,  and  taught 
school  in  Maryland, 
1854-56.  He  attracted 
the  attention  of  Pro 
fessor  Henry,  secre 
tary  of  the  Smith 
sonian  Institution, 
and  was  appointed  a 
computer  on  the 
Nautical  Almanac  at 
Cambridge,  in  1857. 
He  was  graduated 
from  the  Lawrence 
Scientific  school, 

Harvard,  B.S.,  in 
1858  ;  was  a  graduate 
student  there,  1858-61,  and  was  appointed  profes 
sor  of  mathematics  in  the  U.S.  navy  and  as 
signed  to  duty  at  the  U.S.  naval  observatory  in 
1861.  He  was  married,  Aug.  4,  1863,  to  Mary 
Caroline,  daughter  of  Dr.  Charles  A.  Hassler, 
U.S.A.  At  the  close  of  the  Franco-Prussian  war, 
1870-71,  he  went  to  Paris  during  the  time  of  the 
Commune,  examined  the  records  of  the  observa 
tions  and  brought  to  light  many  astronomical 
observations  back  through  a  period  of  200  years. 
He  supervised  the  construction  of  the  26-inch 
equatorial  telescope  at  the  U.S.  naval  observatory 
and  planned  the  dome  in  which  it  was  mounted. 
He  was  secretary  of  the  U.S.  transit  of  Venus 
commission,  1871-74  ;  organized  astronomical  ex 
peditions  for  the  U.S.  government,  and  visited 
the  Saskatchewan  region  in  1860,  and  Gibraltar 
in  1870,  for  the  purpose  of  observing  eclipses  of 


NEWCOMB 


NEWEL 


the  sun.  He  bad  charge  of  a  party  which  took 
observations  of  the  transit  of  Venus  at  the  Cape 
of  Good  Hope  in  1882.  He  left  the  observatory 
in  1877,  and  directed  the  American  Ephemeris 
and  Nautical  Almanac  until  1897,  when,  having 


UNITE.P    STATES   /NAVAL  OBSERVATORY, 


reached  the  age  of  sixty-two,  he  was  retired  from 
the  navy.     He  acted  as  professor  of  mathematics 
and  astronomy  at  Johns  Hopkins  university,  1884- 
94,   and   for  his  services  in  mounting  the  great 
telescope  ordered  by  the  Russian  government,  the 
Pulkowa   observatory    in  the  name  of  the   Czar 
presented  him  with  a  magnificent  vase  of  jasper 
mounted  on  a  marble  pedestal.     He  also  took  part 
in  planning  the  telescope  for  the  Lick  observatory. 
He  received  the  honorary  degree  of  LL.D.  from 
Columbia,  1874,  Yale,  1875,  Harvard,   1884,  Col 
umbia,    1887,    Edinburgh,  1891,   Johns  Hopkins, 
1903  ;  that  of  Math,  and  Ph.Nat.D.  from  Leyden, 
1875;  that  of  Ph.D.  from  Heidelberg,  1886;  that 
of  8.D.  from  Dublin,  1892,  and  that  of  Phil.Nat.D. 
from  Padua,  1892.     He  was  also  made  a  member 
of  the  important  scientific  societies  in  America, 
and   an   honorary  or   corresponding   member  of 
most  of  the  academies  of  science  of  Europe.     He 
was  awarded  the  gold  medal  of  the  Royal  As 
tronomical  society,  1874,  being  the  second  Ameri 
can  to  receive  that  honor  ;  received  the  cross  of 
the  Legion  of  Honor  of  France,  and  was  made 
an  associate  of  the  Institute  of  France,  being  the 
first  American  since  Franklin  thus  honored.     He 
also  received  the  first  gold  medal  from  the  As 
tronomical  Society  of  the  Pacific,  the  Huygens 
medal,  given  only  once  in  twenty  years  for  the 
best  astronomical  work  during  those  years,  and 
numerous  other  honors.     In  1899  the  University 
of  Japan  presented   him  with  two  vases  of  their 
finest   workmanship.     He   edited    the  American 
Journal  of  Mathematics,  1884-94,  and  is  the  author 
of  :  A  Critical  Examination  of  our  Political  Policy 
during  the   Rebellion   (1865)  ;  The   A.   B.    C.   of 
Finance   (1877)  ;   Popular  Astronomy   (1877)  ;   a 
series  of  text  books  comprising  Algebra  (1881)  ; 
Geometry  (1881);  Trigonometry  Logarithms  (1882)  ; 
School  Algebra  (1882)  ;  Analytic  Geometry  (1884)  ; 
Essentials  of  Trigonometry  (1884).  and  Calculus 
(1887)  :  .1  Plain  Man's  Talk  on  the  Labor  Ques 


tion  (1886)  ;  Principles  of  Political  Economy 
(1886)  ;  Elements  of  Astronomy  (1900) ;  The  Stars 
(1901);  His  Wisdom  the  Defender  (1901),  and 
many  papers  on  astronomical  topics. 

NEWCOMB,  Wesley,  conchologist,  was  born 
in  Pittstown,    Rensselaer  county,   N.Y.,  Oct.  20, 
1808  ;  son  of  Dr.  Simon  and  Sarah  (Follett)  New- 
comb  ;  grandson  of  Simon  and  Sarah  (Mead)  New- 
comb,  and  of  William  and  Lois  (Burnham)  Follett, 
and  a  descendant  of  Capt.   Andrew   Newcomb, 
an  English  mariner  who  settled  in  Boston,  Mass., 
probably  before  1663.     He  was  a  student  at  White 
Plains    academy  and  at    the  Vermont  Medical 
school  at  Castleton  ;  attended   medical  lectures 
in    New    York    and    Philadelphia,    and    visited 
hospitals  in  France.     He  practised  medicine  in 
Albany,  N.Y.,  with  Dr.    Henry   Van   Antwerp. 
He  was  married,  Feb.  20,  1838,  to  Mrs.  Helen  H. 
Post,  daughter  of  Eliphalet  and  Hannah  (Swift) 
WTells  of  Manchester,  Vt.     He  became  one  of  the 
most  distinguished  conchologists  in  America,  re 
siding  at  Honolulu  five  years,  where  he  collected 
the  land  shells  of  the  entire  group  and  described 
over  100  new  species  of  the  genus  "  achatinella," 
published  in  scientific  magazines  and  in  the  pro 
ceedings  of  various  scientific  societies  of  America 
and  Europe.     He  made  explorations  in  Europe, 
the  West  Indies,  South  America,  Central  America 
and  Europe  ;  practised  medicine  in  Oakland,  Cal., 
1857-69,  where  he  described  many  of  the  helices 
of  that  state,  also  fresh  water  and  marine  species, 
and  delivered  courses  of  lectures  on  natural  his 
tory  at  Mills  college,  Oakland.     He  accompanied 
the  Santo  Domingo  commissioners  as  a  sanitary 
expert  in  1870,  and  discovered  the  locality  of  La 
Marcke  heliciria  viridis  ;  was  appointed  in  1871 
one  of  the  three  commissioners  to  investigate  the 
Sutro  Tunnel,  and  spent  the  winter  of  1872-73  in 
Florida.     His  famous  collection  of  shells  was  pur 
chased  by  Ezra  Cornell  for  Cornell  university  in 
1869,  and  occupied  the  top  floor  of  the  university 
museum  in  the  McGraw  building.     He  served  as 
curator  of  the  collection,  1869-92,  and  as  instruc 
tor  in  conchology,  1886-88.     He  died  in  Ithaca, 
N.Y..  Jan.  27,  1892. 

NEWEL,  Stanford,  diplomatist,  was  born  in 
Providence,  R.I.,  June  7,  1839;  son  of  Stanford 
and  Abby  Lee  (Penneman)  Newel.  He  removed 
to  St.  Anthony's  Falls,  Minn.  Ter..  in  May,  1855  ; 
was  graduated  from  Yale  college,  A.B.,  1861,  A.M., 
1864,  and  from  Harvard  Law  school,  LL.B.,  1864. 
He  commenced  his  practice  of  the  law  in  St.  Paul, 
Minn.,  in  1864,  and  gained  prominence  in  his  pro 
fession  and  as  a  politician.  He  was  chairman  of 
the  Republican  state  committee  and  delegate  to 
the  Republican  national  conventions  of  1888  and 
1892.  He  was  married,  June  24,  1880.  to  Helen 
F.,  daughter  of  Ernest  and  Helen  M.  Felder  of 
New  York  city.  He  was  appointed  by  President 
[661] 


NEWELL 


NEWELL 


MeKinlejr  U.S.  minister  to  the  Netherlands  in 
1897,  and  was  a  member  of  the  American  delega 
tion  to  the  peace  conference  held  at  the  Hague  in 
May.  1899. 

NEWELL,  Frederick  Haynes,  hydrographer, 
was  born  in  Bradford,  Pa.,  March  5,  1862  ;  son  of 
Augustus  William  and  Annie  M.  (Haynes)  Newell; 
grandson  of  Artemas  Newell,  a  noted  horticultur 
ist  of  Needham.  Mass.,  and  a  descendant  in 
the  ninth  generation  from  Abraham  Newell, 
who  came  from  Ipswich,  England,  in  1634,  and 
died  in  Roxbury,  Mass.,  in  1672.-  He  attended 
the  public  schools  at  Needham,  and  the  high 
school  at  Newton,  Mass.  ;  engaged  in  mining 
in  Colorado,  1882,  and  was  graduated  at  the 
Massachusetts  Institute  of  Technology,  M.E..  in 
1885.  He  was  an  assistant  on  the  Ohio  geological 
survey,  1885,  and  in  mining  and  civil  engineer 
ing  in  Pennsylvania  and  Virginia,  1886-87.  In 
1888  he  was  appointed  hydrographer  of  the  U.S. 
geological  survey  under  Major  Powell,  and  was 
made  chief  of  the  division  of  hydrography  in  1890. 
He  was  married,  April  3,  1890,  to  Effie  Josephine, 
daughter  of  John  Sherman  Mackintosh,  a  de 
scendant  of  Roger  Sherman  of  Connecticut.  He 
was  secretar\-  of  the  National  Geographic  society, 
1892-93,  and  1897-99,  and  secretary  of  the  Ameri 
can  Forestry  association  from  1895.  He  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  Washington  Academy 
of  Sciences  ;  fellow  of  the  Geological  Society 
of  America,  and  of  the  American  Association  for 
the  Advancament  of  Science,  and  member  of  the 
American  Society  of  Civil  Engineers.  He  is  the 
author  of  :  Hydrography  of  the  Arid  Regions  of  the 
United  States  (1891)  ;  Agriculture  by  Irrigation 
(1894);  The  Public  Lands  of  the  United  States 
(1895)  ;  Irrigation  in  the  United  States  (1902)  ; 
the  annual  reports  of  the  U.S.  division  of  hydro 
graphy,  a  series  of  pamphlets  entitled.  Water 
Supply,  Irrigation  Papers,  and  is  a  writer  on 
geographic,  economic  and  engineering  subjects 
in  current  magazines. 

NEWELL,  Peter,  artist,  was  born  near  Ma- 
comb,  III.,  March  5.  1862  ;  son  of  George  F.  and 
Louisa  (Dodge)  Newell,  and  grandson  of  Henry 
and  Amanda  Dodge.  After  attending  the  local 
schools  he  engaged  in  the  tobacco  trade  for  a 
brief  period  in  1879,  and  was  then  employed  by 
a  firm  of  photographers  and  makers  of  crayon  por 
traits  in  Jacksonville,  111.  With  money  saved 
from  his  salary  he  began  to  study  at  the  Art  Stu 
dents'  league  in  1882,  and  continued  to  employ 
his  leisure  time  in  making  humorous  drawiiigs, 
which  he  contributed  chiefly  to  the  Harper  publi 
cations.  He  won  his  widest  reputation  through 
his  work  in  flat  tones,  dating  from  1893.  Some 
of  his  serious  work  was  exhibited  at  the  National 
Academy  of  Design  and  at  the  Atlanta  exposi 
tion.  Besides  his  quaint  drawings  with  original 


captions  in  verse,  his  work  includes:  Topsy 
Turret/  Books  (3  vols.,  1893,  1894  and  1902),  and 
illustrations  for  several  books,  notably  :  "  The 
Houseboat  on  the  Styx:"  "The  Pursuit  of  the 
Houseboat,"  and  "  Mr.  Munchausen,"  b\  John 
Kenrick  Bangs:  "The  Great  Stone  of  Sardis," 
by  Frank  R.  Stockton  ;  "  Whilomville  Sketches," 
by  Stephen  Crane,  and  a  new  edition  of  Lewis 
Carroll's  "  Alice  in  Wonderland  "  (1901).  Some 
of  his  drawings  were  published  in  book  form  as 
Pictures  and  Rhymes  (1900). 

NEWELL,  Robert  Henry  (Orpheus  C.  Kerr), 
author,  was  born  in  New  York  city,  Dec.  13,  1836. 
He  was  a  pupil  of  the  public  schools  ;  literary 
editor  of  the  New  York  Mercury,  1858-62  :  war 
correspondent  of  the  New  York  Herald,  1862-63  ;  a 
writer  on  the  New  York  World,  1869-74,  and  was 
editor  of  the  Hearth  and  Home,  a  weekly  journal, 
1874-76.  He  wrote  a  series  of  humorous  letters 
on  the  Civil  war  under  the  pen-name  Orpheus  C. 
Kerr,  which  were  published  in  4  volumes  (1862- 
68),  and  is  the  author  of:  The  Palace  Beautiful 
and  other  Poems  (1865) ;  Avert/  Glibun,  or  Between 
Two  Fires,  an  American  romance  (1867):  The 
Cloven  Foot,  an  adaptation  of  "  The  Mystery  of 
Edwin  Drood  "  to  American  scenes  and  American 
readers  (1870)  ;  Versatilities,  poems  (1871)  ;  The 
Walking  Doll,  novel  (1872)  :  Studies  in  Stanzas 
(1882),  and  There  Was  Once  a  Man  (1884).  He 
died  in  Brooklyn.  N.Y..  about  July  1,  1901. 

NEWELL,  William  Augustus,  governor  of 
New  Jersey,  was  born  in  Franklin,  Ohio.  Sept. 
5,  1817  ;  son  of  James  H.  and  Eliza  D.  (Hankin- 
son)  Newell;  grandson  of  Hugh  Newell,  and  a 
descendant  of  Hugh  Newell,  a  native' of  Ireland, 
who  settled  in  Monmouth  county,  N.J.  He  was 
graduated  at  Rutgers  college,  A.B.,  1836,  A.M., 
1839,  and  from  the  University  of  Pennsylvania, 
M.D.,  1839,  and  practised  successively  at  Mana- 
hawkin,  Imlaystown  and  Allentown,  N.J.  He 
was  a  Whig  representative  in  the  30th  and  31st 
congresses,  1847-51,  introducing  on  Feb.  6,  1851, 
a  resolution  that  led  to  the  establishment  of  the 
agricultural  bureau,  and  while  in  congress  at 
tended  professionally  John  Quincy  Adams  when 
stricken  with  fatal  illness  in  the  Representative 
chamber.  He  was  also  family 
physician  to  President  Lincoln 
and  was  selected  by  New 
Jersey  to  represent  the  state] 
at  the  funerals  of  both  ex- 1 
President  Adams  and  Presi 
dent  Lincoln.  He  secured  in 
1848  an  appropriation  of  $10.- 
000  for  the  establishment  of  life-saving  stations 
along  the  New  Jersey  coast.  He  was  married  in 
December.  1848,  to  Joanna,  daughter  of  Dr.  Will 
iam  Van  Deursen  of  New  Brunswick.  He  was 
the  first  Republican  governor  of  New  Jersey, 

[602] 


NEWIIALL 


NEWMAN 


1857-00,  .and  superintendent  of  the  life-saving 
service  of  New  Jersey,  1861-04.  He  was  a  Repub 
lican  representative  in  the  39th  congress,  1865-67  ; 
the  defeated  candidate  for  governor  of  New  Jersey 
in  1S77,  Gen.  George  B.  McClellan  being  elected  ; 
was  governor  of  Washington  Territory,  1880-84; 
U.S.  Indian  inspector.  1884-86.  and  resident- sur 
geon  of  the  Soldiers'  and  Sailors'  Home,  state  of 
AVashington,  1894-98.  He  returned  to  Allentown, 
N.J.,  in  1899  and  practised  medicine.  He  re 
ceived  the  degree  LL.D.  from  Rutgers  college  in 
1881.  He  died  in  Allentown,  N.  J.,  Aug.  8.  1901. 

NEWHALL,  Charles  Stedman,  forester,  was 
born  in  Boston.  Mass.,  Oct.  4,  1842  ;  son  of 
Henry  A.  and  Sarah  B.  (Luther)  Newhall ;  grand 
son  of  Pliny  and  Catharine  (White)  Newhall  and 
of  Nathaniel  and  Sarah  (Borden)  Luther,  and  a  des 
cendant  of  Richard  Warren  and  Perigrine  White, 
passengers  in  the  Mayflower  in  1620.  He  was 
prepared  for  college  in  Williston  seminary,  Mass.  ; 
served  in  the  45th  Massachusetts  infantry,  1861- 
'62,  and  was  graduated  at  Amherst,  1869,  and  at 
Union  Theological  seminary.  New  York  city,  in 
1872.  He  was  ordained  pastor  of  the  Congrega 
tional  church,  Oriskany  Falls.  N.Y.,  Dec.  11, 
1872,  and  served,  1872-74.  He  was  stated  supply 
at  the  Presbyterian  church,  Oceanic.  N.J.,  1874- 
79.  and  traveled  in  Europe,  1879  ;  was  stated 
supply  at  the  Congregational  church  in  Postville, 
Iowa,  1880-82.  and  at  Tipton.  1882-84:  pastor 
of  the  Presbyterian  church  at  Keeseville,  N.Y., 
18N5-N7  :  at  Mt.  Pleasant.  N.J.,  1887-88  ;  professor 
at  Daniel  Baker  college,  Brown  wood,  Texas,  1890- 
!»:>.  and  home  missionary  at  McAlester,  Indian 
Territory,  1894-96.  He  was  U.S.  assistant  special 
forest  agent,  1897,  and  was  appointed  U.S.  super 
intendent  of  the  forest  reserves  of  northern  and 
central  California  in  1898.  He  was  married, 
March  7,  1881,  to  Katharine  A.,  daughter  of 
Samuel  Harvey  of  Oceanic.  N.J.  He  is  the 
author  of:  History  of  Fall  Hirer,  Mass.  (1862); 
Joe  and  the  Howards  (1869)  :  Harry's  Trip  to  the 
Orient  (1885)  ;  Rnthie's  Story  (1888)  ;  Trees  of 
Northeastern  America  ( 1890)  ;  Shrubs  of  North 
eastern,  America  (1803),  and  Vines  of  Nortli- 
eaxteni  America  (1897). 

NEWLANDS,  Francis  Griffith,  representa 
tive,  was  born  in  Natchez.  Miss.,  Aug.  28,  1848; 
son  of  James  Birney  and  Jessie  (Burland)  New- 
lands.  He  attended  Yale  college  in  the  class  of 
1867,  and  the  Columbian  University  Law  school, 
D.C.,  but  did  not  graduate.  He  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  at  Washington,  D.C.,  and  removed  to 
San  Francisco,  Cal..  where  he  practised  until 
1886,  when  he  was  appointed  a  trustee  of  the 
estate  of  William  Sharon  (q.v.).  and  removed 
to  Nevada.  He  advocated  the  free  coinage  of 
silver;  was  vice-chairman  of  the  national  silver 
committee,  and  was  a  Democratic  representative 


in  the  53d,  54th,  55th,  56th  and  57th  congresses, 
1893-1903.  He  was  twice  married,  first  in  1874 
to  Clara  Adelaide,  daughter  of  Senator  William 
Sharon,  and  secondly  in  1888  to  Edith,  daughter 
of  Hall  McAllister  of  California.  He  received 
the  honorary  degree  of  M.A.  from  Yale  univer 
sity  in  1901. 

NEWMAN,  John  Philip,  M.E.  bishop,  was 
born  in  Leonard  street,  in  the  neighborhood  of 
the  "  Five  Points."  New  York  city,  Sept.  1,  1826, 
of  German  parentage,  the  original  spelling  being 
Neuman.  His  mother  was  of  French  descent. 
He  joined  the  Metho 
dist  church  in  1842; 
was  educated  for  the 
ministry  in  Cazenovia 
seminary,  N.Y.,  and 
entered  the  Oneida 
conference  in  1849. 
He  was  stationed  at 
Lenox,  N.Y.,  1849, 
at  Hamilton,  1850, 
Cherry  Valley,  1851- 
52.  Fort  Plain,  1853- 
54.  Amsterdam  (Troy 
conference)  in  1855,  /'" 

Garretson  station, 
Albany.  1856-57,  Bed 
ford  street  (New 

York  conference),  1858-59,  was  traveling  in 
•Europe.  Palestine  and  Egypt,  1860-61,  pastor  at 
Washington  square,  New  York,  1862-63,  and  in 
1864  was  designated  by  Bishop  Ames  to  organize 
the  M.E.  church  in  the  states  of  Louisiana, 
Mississippi  and  Texas,  to  which  task  he  devoted 
five  years  of  labor.  He  was  a  missionary  in  New 
Orleans,  1864-65  ;  organized  the  Mississippi  mis 
sion  conference,  1866  ;  was  presiding  elder  of  the 
New  Orleans  district  and  president  of  Thomson 
Biblical  institute  (now  New  Orleans  university) 
1866-67:  founded  the  Southwestern  Christian 
Advocate  in  New  Orleans,  and  a  church  costing 
$50,000,  1867,  and  was  presiding  elder  of  the 
southern  New  Orleans  district,  1868.  He  was 
transferred  to  the  Baltimore  conference  in  1869, 
and  in  March,  1869,  was  elected  chaplain  of 
the  U.S.  senate,  also  serving  as  pastor  of  the 
Metropolitan  church  in  Washington,  D.C.,  1869- 
71.  He  resigned  his  pastorate  in  December,  1871  ; 
was  chaplain  of  the  U.S.  senate,  1872-73  ;  financial 
agent  of  the  Metropolitan  church,  1874,  pastor, 
1875-77,  and  again  financial  agent,  1878,  when  he 
saved  the  church  to  the  Methodists.  President 
Grant  made  him  inspector  of  the  U.S.  consulates 
in  Asia,  and  he  served,  1874-76.  He  was  trans 
ferred  to  the  New  York  conference  in  1879,  was 
pastor  of  Central  church,  New  York  city,  1880, 
and  corresponding  secretary.  New  York  Confer 
ence  Educational  societv,  1881.  He  vacated  at 


NEWMAN 


NEWTON 


his  own  request  to  become  pastor  of  the  Madison 
Avenue  Congregational  church  in  New  York  city, 
where  General  Grant  attended,  and  served  the 
church,  1882-84.  He  was  re-admitted  to  the  New 
York  conference  in  1885,  visited  California  and 
returned  to  New  York  on  learning  of  the  fatal 
illness  of  General  Grant  and  acted  as  his  spiritual 
adviser.  He  was  transferred  to  the  Baltimore 
conference  in  1886,  svas  pastor  of  the  Metropolitan 
church,  Washington,  D.C.,  1886-88,  and  was  elected 
bishop  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church  at 
the  general  conference  held  in  New  York,  1888, 
though  not  a  member  of  that  body.  In  1896  he 
was  appointed  resident  bishop  of  California.  He 
served  as  a  commissioner  to  re-establish  fraternal 
relations  between  the  church  north  and  south  in 
1876,  and  was  a  delegate  to  the  Methodist  Ecu 
menical  conference  in  London,  England,  in  1881. 
He  delivered  the  discourse  at  General  Grant's 
funeral  in  1885,  and  at  Gen.  John  A.  Logan's 
funeral  in  1887.  He  received  the  degree  D.D. 
from  the  University  of  Rochester  in  1863,  and 
LL.D.  from  the  Otterbein  university  and  Grant 
Memorial  university  in  1881.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  American  Geographical  society  and  the 
Society  of  Biblical  Archaeology.  He  was  married, 
in  1855,  to  Angeline  F.,  daughter  of  the  Rev.  Datus 
Ensign  of  the  Troy  conference.  He  is  the  author 
of:  Character  of  the  Resurrection  Body  (1859); 
trom  Dan  to  Beersheba  (1864);  Thrones  and 
Palaces  of  Nineveh  (1875);  Religions  Liberty 
(1875);  Sermons  (1877);  Christianity  Triumphant 
(1884);  Evenings  with  the  Prophets,  or  the  Lost 
Empires  of  the  World  (1887);  America  for  Ameri 
cans  (1880);  The  Mission  of  Science  (1892);  The 
Supremacy  of  Law  (1892);  Aurora  Borealis, 
Amid  Icebergs  of  Greenland's  Mountains  (1896)  ; 
St.  John  the  Prisoner  of  Patmos  (1896)  ;  Entire 
Sanctification  (1898);  Conversations  with  Christ 
(posthumously,  1900).  His  fortune  of  $25,000  by 
the  terms  of  his  will  was  donated  to  Drew  Theo 
logical  seminary  after  the  deatli  of  his  widow. 
His  library  was  also  given  to  the  seminary.  He 
died  at  Saratoga,  N.Y.,  July  5,  1899. 

NEWMAN,  Samuel  Phillips,  educator,  was 
born  in  Andover,  Mass.,  June  6,  1797;  son  of  Deacon 
Mark  and  S  illy  (Phillips)  Newman.  His  father, 
born  177:3,  Dartmouth,  A.B.,  1793,  A.M.,  1796,  was 
principal  of  Phillips  academy,  Andover,  Mass.  ;  li 
censed  to  preach  in  the  Congregational  church  ; 
engaged  in  publishing  religious  books ;  was  a 
trustee  of  Andover  Theological  seminary,  1795- 
1836,  and  died  in  1859.  Samuel  Phillips  Newman 
was  graduated  at  Harvard,  A.B.,  1816,  A.M., 
1819,  attended  Andover  Theological  seminary, 
1816-17  ;  was  professor  of  the  Latin  and  Greek 
languages  and  literature  in  Bowdoin  college, 
1820-24;  of  rhetoric  and  oratory  there,  1824-39, 
and  principal  of  the  state  normal  school  at 


Barre,  Mass.,  1839-42.  He  is  the  author  of:  A 
Practical  System  of  Rhetoric  in  the  Principles  and 
Practice  of  Style  with  Examples  (1829),  which 
passed  through  sixty  editions  and  readied  its 
sixth  London  edition  in  1846  ;  Elements  of  Politi 
cal  Economy  (1837),  and  The  Southern  Eclectic 
Reader,  Parts  I.  II.  and  III.  He  died  at  Andover, 
Mass.,  Feb.  10,  1842. 

NEWSHAM,  Joseph  Parkinson,  representa 
tive,  was  born  in  Preston,  Lancashire,  England, 
May  24, 1837  ;  son  of  James  and  Nancy  Newsham. 
He  immigrated  to  the  United  States  with  his 
parents  who  settled  in  Monroe  county,  111.,  1839. 
He  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  of  St. 
Louis,  was  admitted  to  the  bar  and  practised  law 
in  Edwardsville,  111.,  1859-61.  He  entered  the 
Federal  army  in  1881  ;  served  as  1st  lieutenant  of 
cavalry  and  on  the  staffs  of  Gen.  John  C.  Fre 
mont  and  Gen.  Charles  F.  Smith  respectively, 
1861-62,  and  afterwards  as  adjutant  of  the  32d 
Missouri  volunteer  infantry  in  Blair's  brigade, 
and  was  wounded  at  Chickasaw  Bayou,  Dec.  28, 
1862.  He  resigned  from  the  service,  July  4,  1804, 
removed  to  Louisiana,  was  clerk  of  the  court  of 
Ascension  parish,  La.,  and  practised  law  in 
Donaldsonville,  1865-67.  He  removed  to  St. 
Francisville,  La.,  in  1867  ;  was  a  member  of  the 
state  constitutional  convention,  1868-69 ;  held 
several  local  offices,  and  established  and  edited 
the  West  Feliciana  Republican,  1868-72.  He  was 
a  Republican  representative  in  the  40th  and  41st 
congresses,  1868-71.  Michael  Ryan,  his  Democra 
tic  opponent,  claimed  election  to  the  41st  con 
gress,  but  the  house  decided  in  favor  of  Newsham, 
who  took  the  seat,  May  25,  1890.  At  the  close  of 
his  term,  March  3,  1871,  lie  retired  to  his  planta 
tion  and  subsequently  engaged  in  merchandising 
in  St.  Francisville. 

NEWTON,  Henry,  geologist,  was  born  in  New 
York  city,  Aug.  12,  1845  ;  son  6f  Isaac  Newton 
(1794-1858),  naval  architect.  He  was  graduated 
from  the  College  of  the  City  of  New  York,  A.B., 
1866,  and  from  the  School  of  Mines,  Columbia  col 
lege,  E.M.,  1869.  He  was  assistant  in  mineralogy 
and  geology  at  Columbia,  1870-75,  and  also  as 
sisted  Prof.  John  II.  Newberry  in  the  Ohio  geolo 
gical  survey.  He  served  as  assistant  engineer  in 
the  geological  expedition  to  the  Black  Hills  sent 
out  by  the  department  of  the  interior,  under 
Walter  P.  Jenney,  1876-77,  and  was  appointed 
professor  of  mining  and  metallurgy  at  the  Ohio 
State  university,  but  before  he  could  enter  upon 
his  duties  was  stricken  with  the  fever  while  in 
the  Black  Hills.  The  degree  of  Ph.D.  was  con 
ferred  on  him  by  Columbia  college  in  1876.  He 
was  a  member  of  many  scientific  societies  and 
was  a  specialist  on  the  metallurgy  of  iron  and 
steel.  He  contributed  many  papers  to  scientific 
journals  and  a  Report  on  tl/e  Geolog/j  and  Re- 
[664] 


NEWTON 


NEWTON 


sources  of  the  Black  Hills  of  Dakota,  with  a  me 
moir  by  Prof.  John  S.  Newberry  (1880).  He  died 
in  Deadwood,  Dakota,  Aug.  5,  1877. 

NEWTON,  Hubert  Anson,  mathematician, 
was  born  in  Sherburne,  N.Y.,  March  19,  1830  ;  son 
of  William  and  Lois  (Butler)  Newton,  and  a 
descendant  of  Thomas  Newton,  a  carpenter,  who 
settled  in  Fair  field,  Conn.,  as  early  as  1G39.  He 
was  graduated  at  Yale,  A.B.,  1850,  A.M.,  1853, 
studied  mathematics,  1851-53,  and  was  a  tutor  in 
mathematics  at  Yale,  where  he  was  in  charge  of 
the  chair  of  mathematics  during  the  illness  and 
after  the  death  of  Prof.  Arthur  D.  Stanley,  1853-55, 
succeeding  to  the  chair  after  one  year's  study  at 
Paris.  Hs  was  married,  April  14,  1859,  to  Anna 
C.,  daughter  of  the  Rev.  Joseph  C.  Stiles.  He 
directed  his  earlier  years  to  special  studies  in 
modern  higher  geometry,  but  later  devoted  him 
self  to  the  problems  of  meteoric  astronomy. 
Through  his  investigation  the  stream  of  meteors 
was  connected  with  the  comet  of  1866  as  soon  as 
the  orbit  of  that  comet  was  completed.  He  was 
regarded  as  one  of  the  highest  authorities  on 
meteors  in  the  world.  In  1864  lie  introduced  into 
the  arithmetics  of  the  United  States  a  table  of 
the  metric  system  of  weights  and  measures.  He 
was  an  original  member  of  the  National  Academy 
of  Sciences  ;  a  fellow  of  the  Royal  Astronomical 
Society  of  London,  and  of  the  Royal  Philosophi 
cal  Society  of  Edinburgh  ;  president  of  the  Con 
necticut  Academy  of  Arts  and  Sciences  ;  vice-pres 
ident  in  1875,  and  president  in  1885  of  the  Ameri 
can  Association  for  the  Advancement  of  Science  ; 
a  member  of  various  other  societies,  and  director 
of  the  Yale  university  observatory,  1882-84.  He 
received  the  degree  LL.D.  from  the  University 
of  Michigan  in  1868.  and  was  awarded  the  Law 
rence-Smith  medal  by  the  National  Academy  of 
Sciences  for  his  study  of  meteoric  bodies.  He 
was  an  associate  editor  of  the  American  Journal 
of  Science ;  published  in  1864  a  memoir  upon  the 
sporadic  meteors  ;  contributed  to  cyclopaxlies, 
and  his  scientific  papers  were  published  in  the 
Memoirs  of  the  National  Academy  of  Sciences  and 
in  the  American  Journal  of  Sciences.  He  died  in 
New  Haven,  Conn.,  Aug.  12,  1896. 

NEWTON,  Isaac,  naval  architect,  was  born  at 
Schodack  Landing,  Rensselaer  county,  N.Y.,  Jan. 
16.  1794  ;  son  of  Abner  Newton,  an  officer  in  the 
Continental  army  during  the  Revolutionary  war. 
He  attended  the  district  school,  learned  the  ship 
building  trade  in  Hudson.. N.Y.,  and  engaged  in 
building  sailing  vessels  for  the  river  and  whal 
ing  trades.  He  built  many  of  the  first  steamboats 
used  on  the  Hudson  river  ;  was  the  founder  of 
the  People's  line  between  Albany  and  New  York, 
and  extended  his  business  to  the  great  lakes. 
He  was  the  first  to  substitute  anthracite  coal 
for  wood  as  fuel  on  a  steamboat.  He  subse 


quently  turned  his  attention  to  building  ocean 
steamers  for  the  Collins  and  other  lines.  He  was 
also  a  pioneer  in  railroading  and  one  of  the  pro 
jectors  of  the  New  York  Central,  the  Lake  Shore 
and  the  Michigan  Southern  railroads.  He  died 
in  New  York  city,  Nov.  22.  1858. 

NEWTON,  Isaac,  agriculturist,  was  born  in 
Burlington  county,  N.J.,  March  31,  1800.  He 
attended  the  common  schools  and  engaged  in 
farming  in  Delaware  county,  Pa.,  where  he  was 
recognized  as  a  model  farmer.  He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  various  agricultural  associations  and  was 
frequently  a  delegate  to  the  meetings  of  the  U.S. 
Agricultural  society.  He  proposed  the  establish 
ment  of  a  national  department  of  agriculture 
to  each  recurring  administration  from  Harri 
son,  1841,  to  Lincoln,  1861,  finally  succeeding  in 
inducing  President  Lincoln  to  adopt  the  measure 
in  1862,  and  served  as  U.S.  commissioner  of 
agriculture,  1862-67.  He  died  in  Washington, 
D.C.,  June  19,  1867. 

NEWTON,  Isaac,  engineer,  was  born  in  New 
York  city,  Aug.  4,  1837  ;  son  of  Isaac  Newton,  the 
naval  architect  (q.v.).  He  attended  Hamilton 
college  and  took  a  course  in  civil  engineering, 
and  one  in  medicine  at  the  University  of  the  City 
of  New  York,  but  received  no  degrees.  He  was 
employed  as  an  engineer  at  the  Delamater  iron 
works  in  New  York  city,  and  was  subsequently 
associated  with  his  father  as  assistant  engineer  of 
the  People's  line  of  Hudson  river  steamers,  and 
as  chief  engineer  of  the  Collins  line  between  New 
York  and  Liverpool.  In  1861  he  entered  the  U.S. 
navy  as  first  assistant  engineer  on  board  the  Roa- 
noke.  He  assisted  Capt.  John  Ericsson  in  the 
construction  of  the  Monitor,  and  acted  as  its 
engineer  on  the  voyage  to  Hampton  Roads. 
During  the  engagement  with  the  Merrimac, 
March  9,  1862,  he  had  charge  of  the  engines  and 

THE/ 


AAlP     /WO/MITOIV 

HAMPTON,    ROAPSt 


turret,  and  at  the  risk  of  his  life  repaired  the 
deranged  ventilating  apparatus,  thereby  saA'ing 
the  lives  of  the  stokers  in  the  boiler  rooms.  He 
was  supervising  constructor  of  ironclads  in  New 
York  city  until  1865.  when  he  resigned  from  the 
navy.  He  was  appointed  by  congress  in  1869  to 
investigate  and  report  on  the  condition  of  the 
U.S.  navy.  He  assisted  Gen.  George  B.  McCell- 


[065] 


NEWTON 


NEWTON 


Ian  in  constructing  the  Stevens  battery  in  1N71, 
and  in  1872  became  assistant  engineer  of  the 
department  of  public  works  in  Ne\v  York  city 
under  General  McClellan.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  rapid  transit  commission,  which  established 
the  system  of  elevated  railroads.  He  was  chief 
engineer  of  the  department  of  public  works  in 
New  York  city,  1881-84,  and  inaugurated  the  new 
Croton  aqueduct.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
Society  of  Mechanical  Engineers  and  of  the 
American  Society  of  Civil  Engineers.  He  died 
in  New  York  city,  Sept.  25,  1884. 

NEWTON,  John,  soldier,  was  born  in  Norfolk, 
Ya.,  Aug.  24,  182:5;  son  of  the  Hon.  Thomas 
Newton  (q.v.).  He  attended  the  public  schools 
and  studied  civil  engineering  under  a  private 
tutor.  He  was  graduated  from  the  U.S.  Military 
academy  second  in  the  class  of  1842,  and  pro 
moted  2d  lieutenant  of  the  corps  of  engineers, 
Jul}r  1,  1842.  He  was  assistant  professor  of  en 
gineering  at  the  U.S.  Military  academy,  1843-44, 
.and  principal  assistant  professor,  1844-46.  He 
was  assistant  engineer  in  the  construction  of  Fort 
Warren,  Mass.,  in  184(5,  and  of  Fort  Trumbull, 
Conn..  1846-49.  He  also  superintended  the  con 
struction  of  Fort  Wayne.  Mich.,  and  of  Forts 
Porter,  Niagara  and  Ontario,  N.Y.,  1849-52.  He 
was  promoted  1st  lieutenant,  Oct.  16,  1852,  and 
was  engaged  on  the  surveys  for  the  breakwater  at 
Owl's  Head,  Maine,  1852-58,  and  for  the  military 
improvements  in  Florida.  1858-54.  He  engineered 
the  construction  of  Forts  Pulaski  and  Jackson, 
Georgia.  1854,  and  of  fortifications  at  Pensacola, 
Fla. ,  1855-58.  He  was  promoted  captain,  July 
1,  1856,  was  chief  engineer  of  the  Utah  ex 
pedition  of  1858,  and  was  superintending  en 
gineer  in  the  construction  of  Fort  Mifflin.  Del., 
1858-61.  In  1860  he  was  chosen  a  member  of  the 
special  board  of  engineers  on  harbor  defences, 
New  York  harbor.  Upon  the  outbreak  of  the 
civil  war  in  1861  he  was  appointed  chief  en 
gineer  of  the  Department  of  Pennsylvania  :  ac 
companied  General  Patterson's  column  into 
Virginia,  and  took  part  in  the  action  of  Falling 
Waters,  Va.,  June  80,  18(51.  He  was  chief  en 
gineer  of  the  department  of  the  Shenandoah, 
July-August,  1861,  and  was  promoted  major, 
Aug.  6.  1861.  He  was  appointed  brigadier-gen 
eral  of  volunteers,  Sept.  28,  1861,  and  served  as 
assistant  engineer  on  the  defences,  Washington, 
D.C.,  September,  1861,  to  March,  1862,  at  the  same 
time  commanding  a  brigade  for  the  defence  of  the 
capital.  He  commanded  the  3d  brigade,  1st 
division,  6th  corps,  in  the  Army  of  the  Potomac, 
and  took  part  in  the  action  at  West  Point,  May  7, 
1862 :  the  battle  of  Gaines's  Mill,  June  27,  1862  ; 
the  battle  of  Glendale,  June  30,  1862,  and  covered 
the  retreat  of  Pope's  army  from  Bull  Run  to 
Washington,  D.C.,  Sept.  1-2,  1862.  He  served  in 


the  Maryland  campaign,  September-November, 
1862,  being  engaged  in  the  battle  of  South  Moun 
tain  and  receiving  the  brevet  of  lieutenant-colo 
nel  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  at  the 
battle  of  Antietam,  Sept.  17.  1862.  He  com 
manded  the  3d  division,  6th  corps,  Army  of  the 
Potomac,  at  Fredericks  burg  and  in  the  Chancel - 
lorsville  campaign,  December,  1862-June,  186;!, 
the  successful  assault  upon  the  enemy  at  Marye's 
Heights,  May  8.  1863,  being  under  his  direction. 
He  was  promoted  major-general  U.S.  volun 
teers,  March  80,  1863  ;  commanded  his  division 
at  Gettysburg.  July  1-3,  1863,  where  after  the 
death  of  General  Reynolds  he  temporarily  com 
manded  the  1st  corps,  and  was  brevetted 
colonel  U.S.A.  for  gallant  and  meritorious  ser 
vices  there.  He  commanded  the  1st  corps, 
Army  of  the  Potomac,  in  the  Rapidan  campaign, 
October-December,  1868  ;  the  2d  division,  4tli 
army  corps,  Army  of  the  Cumberland,  May-Sep 
tember,  1864,  and  took  part  in  all  the  important 
engagements  during  the  invasion  of  Georgia,  in 
cluding  the  seige  and  occupation  of  Atlanta, 
July-September,  1864.  He  was  brevetted  briga 
dier-general  U.S.A.,  March  13,  1865,  for  services 
at  Peach  Tree  Creek  and  in  the  campaign  against 
Atlanta,  Ga.,  and  was  brevetted  major-general, 
U.S.  volunteers  and  major-general  U.S.  A.,  March 
18,  1865,  for  services  in  the  field  during  the  war. 
He  was  transferred  to  the  command  of  the  dis 
trict  of  Key  West  and  Tortugas  in  October,  1864, 
and  commanded  the  entire  state  of  Florida,  June 
19-Aug.  7,  1865  ;  the  district  of  middle  Florida 
and  the  sub-districts  of  west  Florida  and  Key 
West.  Aug.  7-Nov.  6,  1865,  and  the  districts  of 
southern,  western  and  middle  Florida,  Nov.  6, 
1865,  to  Jan.  24,  1866.  He  was  promoted  lieuten 
ant-colonel,  corps  of  engineers.  Dec.  28,  1865  ;  was 
mustered  out  of  volunteer  service,  Jan.  15,  1866  ; 
was  promoted  colonel  U.S.A.,  June  80,  1879,  and 
on  March  6.  1884,  was  made  chief  of  engineers 
with  rank  of  brigadier-general,  U.S.A.  He  had 
charge  of  the  construction  of  the  new  battery 
near  Fort  Hamilton,  N.Y..  and  of  Fort  Hancock, 
Sandy  Hook,  N.J.,  and  was  a  member  of  the 
board  of  engineers  appointed  to  carry  out  in  de 
tail  the  modifications  of  the  defences  in  the  vicin 
ity  of  New  York,  1866-67.  He  was  in  charge  of 
the  removal  of  obstructions  from  the  channel 
at  Hell  Gate,  East  River,  N.Y.,  and  conceived 
and  carried  out  the  plan  of  the'  removal  of  the 
rocks  at  Hallett's  Point  by  submarine  mining 
and  blasting,  the  mines  being  successfully  ex 
ploded  at  Hallett's  Point,  Sept.  24,  1876,  and  at 
Flood  Rock,  Oct.  10,  1885.  He  was  retired  Aug. 
27, 1886  ;  was  superintendent  of  public  works  1887- 
88,  and  a  member  of  the  National  Academy  of 
Sciences  and  the  American  Society  of  Civil  En 
gineers.  He  died  in  New  York  city.  May  1.  1895. 


IGIIT,] 


END  OF  VOLUME  V. 


U.C.  BERKELEY  LIBRARIES 


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