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IH-O 



THE 



LAND OF MORGAN: 



BEING A 



CONTRIBUTION TOWARDS THE HISTORY 



OF THB 



LORDSHIP OF GLAMORGAN. 



BY c 



GEOr' Tr'CLARK. 



Reprinted^ with Additions and Alterations, from the Journal of the 

ARCHiEOLOGICAL INSTITUTE. 



LONDON : 

WHITING & CO., LIM., 80 & 82 SARDINIA ST., LINCOLN'S INN FIELDS. 

1883. 



^ ^ ' •^ 



PEIITTBD BY 
WHITIlfG AHD CO., LIMITBD, 30 A.ND 32, 8ABDIKIA 8TKBKT, W.C. 



09 



I 

G 




CONTENTS. 



Introduction . . .1 

The Land of Morgan : its Conquest and its Conquerors 7 

The Chief Lords : Earls Robert and William of Gloucester 42 

The Co-heirs of the Honour and Lordship, and the coming 

IN OF THE House of Clare .64 

The Earls op Gloucester and Hertford . 93 



INTRODUCTION. 



In the following pages an attempt is made to relate 
the history of the Lords of Glamorgan from its Con- 
quest and settlement by Robert Fitz Hamon down to 
the extinction, in the male line, of the House of Clare, 
his descendants and successors. The history of the 
Lords, for that period, is in fact the history of the 
Lordship, inasmuch as the system of feudal tenures 

Erevailed there in all its strictness, and the relation 
etween the Chief Lord, his tenants, and their tenants, 
being of a military character, in the presence of a brave 
and implacable foe, was one of unusual closeness. The 
Lordship itself was a fief of the Crown, and every manor 
within it was held, mediately or immediately, of the 
Chief Lord, as of his Castle of Cardiff. 

The Lord held per integram baroiiiam, but the limi- 
tations attending the tenure, undefined by grant or 
charter, were not only widely different from those of 
an ordinary barony or honour, but appear to have been 
different also from those of the other Marcher Lordships. 
Glamorgan was a county, and its ambulatory parlia- 
ment is styled a Camitatus, and was composed of the 
greater tenants, probably from ten to twenty in number, 
each of whom, though differing in the amount of their 
holdings of the Lord, had to provide a lodging at his 
own expense within the Castle yard at Cardiff, con- 
nected with their double capacity of defenders of the 
Castle in war, and advisers of its Lord in times of 
peace. Each, moreover, had his own castle, and some of 
them were also Lords of mesne manors and castles, whose 
tenants paid to them services similar to their own. 
The Comitatics was a Court of Chanceiy or Record, 

B 



2 INTRODUCTION. 

composed of the Lord's principal tenants or harones 
comitatus^ presided over by the Lord's Vice-Comes, 
or Sheriff, from the decisions of which there lay no 
appeal to the (^rown, and which levied fines, and regu- 
lated wardships, escheats, scutages, inquisitions, for- 
feitures, and other usual incidents of the feudal system. 
One of latest fines levied before this Court, in the time 
of Jasper, Duke of Bedford, describes Sir Kichard Croft, 
Knight, Sheriff, as presiding, and Richard Turberville, 
David Mathew, John Butler, John ap Jenkyn ap 
Riderch, and John Carne as the Barons. No doubt 
the Marcher Lords generally levied fines and stepped 
into escheated lands, but the machinery of government 
in the lordship of Glamorgan seems to have been of a 
far more extensive and perfect character than elsewhere. 
It certainly was far more so than in the contiguous 
lordships of Gower, Brecknock, and Upper Gwent, and 
probably than in any other Welsh Marcher lordship, 
save only Chester. How it came about that Fitz 
Hamon obtained and transmitted such exceptional 
privileges is not known. The nearly contemporary 
conquerors of Gwent, Brecknock, Gower, Caermarthen, 
Cardigan, and Pembroke, were to the full as great 
men as Fitz Hamon, and the Lord of Montgomery was 
certainly greater and more powerful, but so far as has 
been ascertained, in none of these districts was the 
jurisdiction of the complete character of that estab- 
lished in Glamorgan. Something, probably, was due 
to the position of Glamorgan under its Welsh princes, 
some of whom bore the title of King, holding Cardiff 
as their principal seat of government, and the district 
about it as the Royal cantred or hundred. The laws 
and customs of Glamorgan were also of a peculiar cha- 
racter, and the Norman Lords, powerful as they were, 
found it convenient to respect them, at least as regg,rds 
the more mountainous and more purely Welsh part of 
their territory. 

There could not be a more complete imperium in 
imperio than was the sway of the Norman Lord of 



INTRODUCTION. 3 

Glamorgan, within the lordship. It was described 
as "sicut regale". Cardiff and the Taff were his Bungay 
and Waveney ; and once there seated, no King of 
Cockney could reach him. Coyty, and at least one hill 
lordship, comprising the two commotes of Senghenydd, 
were held of him per haroniam; Avan, the only im- 
portant lowland lordship in the hands of a Welsh 
family of rank, was held by serjeantry. Most of the 
manors were held directly of Cardiff by the tenure 
of Castle-guard ; a few were held immediately of the 
larger manors. All the greater tenants, with the 
exception of the Lords of Avan and Senghenydd, and 
perhaps one or two more, were of Norman blood, and 
also held estates in England, chiefly within the Honour 
of Gloucester, within the counties of Gloucester, Somer- 
set, Devon, and Dorset. The Liber Niger gives a list 
of the knights who held of the Honour, and in it occur 
the names of twenty who also held lands in Glamorgan. 
These are BerkeroUes, de Cardiff, Cogan, Constantino, 
Croc, Grenville, de Londres, Maisi, ae la Mare, Ner- 
bert, Norris, Pennard, Reigny, St. Quintin, Le Sore, 
Somery, Umfranville, Villers, Walsh, and de Winton. 
This list, moreover, for some unknown reason omits 
a number of other knightly tenants who held lands in 
Devon, Dorset, and Somerset, also within the Honour, 
and many of whom not only held lands but have given 
their names to parishes and manors in Glamorgan. 
Such are Bawdrip, Hawey, de la More, St. John, and 
Turberville, and m the latter class, Barry, Bonville, 
Cantelupe, Fleming, and Sully. 

As the Lords of Glamorgan also held the Honour of 
Gloucester, cases of divided allegiance were rare. Only 
one such is on record, where the Beauchamps of Hache 
claimed the wardship of Hawey, who held the manor 
of Combe-Hawey in Somerset of the Beauchamps, and 
that of. St. Donats in Glamorgan of the Earls of Glou- 
cester. The case came before the ComitatitSy but the 
finding is not on record. The only other case in which 
the proceedings before the Comitatus are preserved re- 

B 2 



INTRODUCTION. 



lated to the right of appeal to the King's Court. 
During the troubled reign of Henry III. Richard 
Siward, a Glamorgan baron, Lord of Talavan and Llan- 
blethian, having rebelled against the Lord, the Curia 
Comitatu^ declared his estates forfeited, and himself 
"waiviatum de comitatu" or " Wolveshed" according to 
the usage of the county. Siward, on this, appealed to 
the Curia Regis, on the ground that the Earl was a 
party concerned, and could not therefore be a fair 
judge. The Lord refiised to acknowledge or plead 
to such an appeal, and called on the King to respect 
his privileges. Naturally the King was anxious to 
break down the Marcher powers, which in truth were 
inconsistent with the uniform government of the State, 
and Henry happened at that conjuncture to have the 
upper hand. The result was a compromise, but it was 
evident that the local court had always been independent 
of the Curia Regis, 

Even as late as the reign of Henry IV, the general 
laws of the kingdom had but little force in Glamorgan ; 
for, in the 12th of that King, the Escheator is ex- 
onerated for failing in a levy, on the ground that 
he could not be expected to execute his office where 
the King's writ did not run, "propter nimiam et magnam 
potentiam eit resistenciam"; and a century or so later a 
messenger of the Court of Chancery, who tried to serve 
an order of Court at Radyr, was pelted with stones 
from the roof of the Manor House, and had to quit the 
Principality re infectd. But the currency denied to the 
laws of the reaJm was permitted to the old native 
customs, to which the people were much attached. 
These, however, were confined almost entirely to the 
hill lordships and commotes. In the vale, where 
nearly aU the larger landholders were of foreign origin, 
the laws were practically those of England. Land 
descended to the male heir, and failing him, in co- 
parceny to females. Copyhold tenure, unknown in 
the Hills, was common, and heriots were very general. 
Ordinary justice was administered by Courts-leet and 



INTRODUCTIOX. 5 

Courts-baron, and the burgesses and freeholders, in 
many cases all Welshmen, elected their own officers, 
subject to a well-defined and moderate veto from the 
Lord. In a few manors gavelkind prevailed, and in 
one or two borough-Englisn. 

The Lord's power originally extended over the pos- 
sessions and dignities of the Church. He was patron 
of the Abbeys of Neath and Margam, and exercised 
the right of haculum pastorale, of appointing or con- 
firming the election of the Abbot. Also he had the same 
power, or dignitas crocice, with regard to the Bishopric 
of Llandaff. The Crown, indeed, challenged this, and 
in the reign of Edward I it was compromised ; but the 
Lord continued to collate to the Archdeaconry and 
other Cathedral preferments, sede vacante, and, during 
such intervals, to hold the temporalities of the See. 
The- Act of the 27 Henry VIII, cap. 26, gives, among 
other reasons for the new settlement of Wales, that its 
"rights, usages, laws, and customs be far discrepant 
from the laws and customs of the realm", but neither 
here nor in any other of the Acts relating to Wales do 
we find any description or distinct allusion to, still less 
any recognition of, the Marcher Courts and customs. 
The Act above cited, in constituting the King's Courts 
in Glamorgan, enumerates as parts of the new shire 
the Lordships of Gower, Kilvae, Bishopston, Llandaff, 
Senghenydd supra and suhtus, Miskin, Ogmore, Glyn- 
Rotnney, Talygam, Ruthyn, Talavan, Llanblethian, 
Llantwid, Tir-y-Iarl, Avan, Neath, Llantweie, and 
the Clays, aU of which seem originally to have had 
distinct jurisdictions. One of the exceptions to the 
new system is in favour of Henry, Earl of Worcester, 
who remained "Justice of the shire of Glamorgan". 

The mysterious and total disappearance of the re- 
cords of the Comitatus, is fatal to anything like a com- 
{)lete history of Glamorgan. Fortunately, however, the 
ordship being held in capite, the King had a right to 
an inquisitio post mortem on the death of each Lord, 
and to the custody of the lordship and the heir, if 



6 INTRODUCTION. 

a minor. These inquisitions have been preserved with 
the records of the realm, and throw great light upon 
the descent of the landed property, as do the Pipe rolls 
for the corresponding periods upon the sources of income 
and the details of expenditure. Moreover, as most 
of the Lords of Manors were of English descent, and 
either the heads or cadets of existing English families, 
these names appear in English records, especially in 
those connected with the western counties. Also, 
although the cartulary and most of the charters of 
Neath Abbey are lost, and the cartulary of Margam is 
inaccessible, there is preserved in the British Museum 
a large collection of the charters of the latter Abbey, 
and at Gloucester many of the grants relating to the 
property in Glamorgan of the Abbey of St. Peter, 
Several of the boroughs also have preserved their 
charters, and a few exist at St. Donate and Fonmon, 
and in the collection of the late most industrious 
antiquary Mr. Francis. From these sources has been 
drawn what is known of the history of the county 
before the reign of Henry VIII, and what is recorded 
in the following pages. The public records relating to 
South Wales, and more especially to Glamorgan, have 
been searched with equal industry and acuteness by 
Mr. Floyd, to whom the writer has to acknowledge 
obligations too extensive to be more particularly 
specified. 

Talygarn, 1883. 



THE LAND OF MORGAN : ITS CONQUEST 
AND ITS CONQUERORS. 



Op the forty shires of England there are certainly not 
a score of which good hitories have been written, 
and not above five or six and twenty of which there 
are any tolerable histories at all. Even Yorkshire, 
so rich in antiquities of every kind, ethnological, ethno- 
graphical, architectural, and genealogical ; in pre- 
historic tumuli ; in proper names given by the Briton, 
the Roman, and the Northman ; in march dykes ; 
Boman and other encampments; military roads and 
moated mounds : in the ruins of dorious abbeys and 
mighty oaste ; in its noble cathecL and gn»/pamh 
churches, upon two of which the brevet rank of cathe- 
dral has been imposed ; in its venerable and splendid 
country seats, and in its ancient and often historic 
families — -even Yorkshire, so rich in all these varied 
and tempting subjects, and rich too in material wealth, 
has yet met with no historian. Divisions of the county, 
as Kichmondshire and Hallamshire, Doncaster, and 
Sheffield, are the subjects of works quite of the first 
class, but neither the local history of the great 
Shire, nor even that of one of its Ridings, has been 
placed upon record. If such be the case in wealthy 
and cultivated England, it is no great shame in 
Wales to be, as regards county histories, in a still 
more unprovided condition, as indeed the Princi- 
pality must be admitted to be. There is but one his- 
tory, Jones's Brecknock, of any Welsh county, at all 
worthy of the name, for assuredly neither Fenton's 
Pembrokeshire nor Meyrick's Cardigan merit that title. 
And yet, as is abundantly shown in the volumes of the 



8 THE LAND OF MORGAN : 

Arch<Bologia Camhrensis, and in the copious though 
incidental notices of Wales in Eyton's excellent Histm^ 
of Early Shi'opshire, it is not the material that is want- 
ing. Cambria, though not the cradle, the latest home 
of the Cymric people, has no reason to complain of her 
share of the gifts of nature or of their adaptation to 
produce material prosperity. The incurvated coast, 
whence the country is thought to derive its name, 
abounds in bays and headlands of extreme beauty and 
grandeur. In the North, its scenery is bold and strik- 
ing ; in the South it is of a softer character, and cele- 
brated rather for its valleys than its mountains, its 
meandering rivers rather than its dashing torrents. 
In mineral wealth the North is not deficient, but the 
South has the lion^s share, nor does any part of it 
approach in value the division of Glamorgan. Here, 
in the centre of the Welsh coal field, that mineral is 
not only abundant in quantity, easy of access and con- 
venient for transport by sea, but it is of a character 
equally removed from the bituminous varieties of the 
east and the anthracite of the west, so that it produces 
unusual steam power in proportion to its weight and 
bulk, and does so without raising the usual accompani- 
ment of smoke — qualities which render it valuable in 
commerce and still more in request in naval warfare. 

Wales, moreover, and especially Glamorgan, was 
for centuries the scene of romantic and spirit-stirring 
events, and has had a large measure of ecclesiastical 
and military renown. To Pelagius, though their names 
have the " merit of congruity", the land of Morgan 
cannot indeed lay claim ; and too many of her early 
sons, like the Greeks before Agamemnon, slumber un- 
recorded beneath her cairns and barrows. But of 
others, notices have survived, and their sweet savour 
is found in the churches which they have founded, in 
the records of Llandaff, the earliest of British bishoprics, 
and in the fragmentary, but ancient literature of the 
people. Bede relates how "Lever Mawr", the "great 
light", better known in translation as King Lucius, 



ITS CONQUEST AND ITS CONQUERORS. 9 

moved Eleutherius, a.d. 160, to send over from Rome 
Fagan and Djrvan to preach the gospel to his people. 
They settled at Avalon, but seem to have laboured 
much across the Severn, where their names are yet 
preserved in the Churches of St. Fagan and Merthyr 
Dovan, the latter indicating the manner in which its 
founder bore testimony to his faith. 

Gildas, an author of the sixth century, -yvhose name 
is prefixed to the treatise De excidio BntannicB, written 
certainly before the time of Bede, is associated with 
Glamorgan, from having paid a visit to St. Cadoc at 
Llancarvan, where, before either Saxon or Norman 
had profaned the banks of the Carvan, the Siloa of 
Glamorgan, many of those holy men who gained the ap- 

{)e]lation of tem^a sanctmmm for the land in which they 
aboured, were educated and sent forth to their work. 
The monastic school, or Chorea Scinctonim of Llancarvan, 
is said to have been founded by the saints Germanus'and 
Lupus to counteract the Pelagianism of the district, 
strong in the name and heresy of Morgan ; but the 
claim of Germanus in this respect is challenged for 
Dubricius, a saint of the close of the sixth century, 
and for Cadoc, or Cattwg, a saint and prince, whose 
name survives in the adjacent Cadoxton, whose triad 
has gained for him the appellation of **the wise", and 
who, with St. David and Nennius, claims to have 
shared in the instniction of St. Finnian, one of the 
apostles of Christian Ireland. A charter by Merchiaun, 
witnessed by Bishop Gwrgan (Gucawnus), who died 
A.D. 982, mentions the Abbot "totius dignitatis ecclesisB 
sancti Cattoci Lancarvanie"; and it was at Llancarvan, 
towards the middle of the twelfth century, that 
Caradoc, named from thence, penned that account of 
the Principality known as the Brut-y-Tynysogion, 
which, expanded and continued by the successive 
labours of Price and Lloyd, Powell and Wynne, still 
holds the chief place in Welsh historical literature. In 
Llancarvan also, upon his patrimony of Trev- Walter, 
or Walterston, was probably born Walter Calenius, or 



1 THE LAND OF MORGAN : 

de Map, a son of Blondel de Map, chaplain to Fitz- 
Hamon, and who acquired the property by marriage 
with Flwr, its Welsh heiress. Walter became chaplain 
to Henry I, and Archdeacon of Oxford, and was one of 
those who, during the reigns of the two Henrys, and 
under the protection of Robert Earl of Gloucester, Lord 
of Glamorgan, promoted the growth of English litera- 
ture, and was besides celebrated for his lively and 
pungent satires upon Becket and the clergy of his day. 
He also seems to have added largely to tne stocks of 
Arthurian romance, and to have made popular those 
legends upon which his friend and contemporary Geof- 
frey of Monmouth founded his well-known volume. 
These well-springs of Cymric history are, indeed, scanty 
and turbid, and must be drawn from with great discri- 
mination ; but it is from them, from the Lifr Coch, or 
Red Book, otherwise known a^s the Book of LlandaiF, 
and from the lives of St. Cadoc, St. Iltyd, and 
other of the Welsh saints, that is derived all that 
is known of the history of Glamorgan before the Nor- 
man invasion. Nor is the testimony of the Book of 
Llandaff confined to Llancarvan. Both Llan- Iltyd or 
Llantwit, under the presidency of St. Iltutus, and 
Docunni or Llandoch, now Llandough upon the Ely, 
were celebrated as monastic colleges early in the fifth 
century ; and even now, in the churchyard of each 
place, are seen those singular obelisks or upright stones, 
rudely, but effectively, adorned with knot-work in 
stone, and of very ancient, though uncertain, date. 

Glamorgan extends about fifty-three miles along the 
northern shore of the Bristol Channel, here broadening 
into an estuary. From the seaboard as a base it passes 
inland twenty-nine miles in the figure of a triangle, the 
northern point abutting upon the range of the Beacons 
of Brecknock. Its principal towns, Cardiff and Swan- 
sea, are placed near the southern angles of the triangle : 
Merthyr, of far later growth, stands at the northern 
angle, and near the head, as Cardiff is near the opening, 
of the Taff, and Swansea of the Tawe. Aberdare upon 



ITS CONQUEST AND ITS CONQUERORS. 11 

the Cynon, and Tre-Herbert upon the Rhondda, tribu- 
taries of the TaflP, are the centres of immense nebulaB 
of population, at this time condensing with more than 
American rapidity into considerable towns. The actual 
boundaries of the county, east and west, are the Afon- 
Eleirch or Swan river, now the Rhymny, from Mon- 
mouthshire, and the Uwchwr or Burry from Caermar- 
thenshire. The episcopal village and Cathedral of 
Llandaff stand upon the Llan or mead of the Taff, a 
little above Cardiff. 

The great natural division of the county is into up- 
land and lowland, called by the old Welsh the Blaenau 
and the Bro; the latter extending, like the Concan of 
Bombay, as a broad margin along the seaboard, and 
covering about a third of the area ; the former, rising 
abruptly like the Syhadree Ghauts, and lying to the 
north. The Bro, though containing sea cliffs of a hun- 
dred feet, is rather undulating than hilly ; the Blaenau 
is throughout mountainous, and contains elevations 
which rise to 1,200, 1,600, and, at Cam Moysin, to 
2,000 feet. From this high ground spring the rivers 
of the county. Besides the four already mentioned, 
are the Nedd, on which are the town of Neath and 
the dock of Briton-Ferry, the Ely with the dock of 
Penarth, the Ogwr flowing through Bridgend, and the 
Cowbridge Thawe, whose waters roll into the sea over 
a field of water-worn lias pebbles, in repute as an 
hydraulic limestone, in great request among engineers, 
and as celebrated as that of Barrow on the Soar. 
Besides these are a multitude of small streams bearing 
Welsh names, some of which, as the Sarth or Javelin, 
and the Twrch or Boar, are highly significant. 

The Llwchwr is the only Glamorgan river admitting, 
in any degree, of navigation, and that to a very small 
extent. The other streams are rapid and uncertain, 
sometimes foaming torrents, sometimes dry beds of 
shingle, but more commonly with a moderate flow. 
They descend through those wild and rocky but always 
verdant valleys, for which Glamorgan is justly famed. 



1 2 THE LAND OF MORGAN : 

Both the Taff and the Nedd are celebrated for their 
scenery, but the Taff has the advantage not only in 
the conflux of valleys, which form so pleasing a feature 
at Pont-y-Prydd, but in the grand cleft by which that 
river, guarded by the ancient castle of the De Clares, 
and the far more ancient camp of British origin, bursts 
from its constraint amidst the mountains, and rolls in 
easy and graceful curves across the plain of Cardiff. 

Cardiff, the principal port of the county, is formed 
by the union of the Taff and the Ely, and its roadstead 
is protected by the headland of Penarth. Swansea, 
its western rival, opens upon its celebrated bay : Briton- 
Ferry, Port Talbot, and Perth Cawl are hitermediate 
and smaller ports. A curious feature upon several 
points of the sea-coast are the large! deposits of blown 
sand, probably an accumulation of the twelfth century, 
but first mentioned in a charter of Richard II, 1384, 
in which he grants to the Abbot and Convent of 
Margam the forfeited advowson of Avene propter 
suarn terrain per sahulum maritimum destructam in 
7iimiam dejyavperacionem ahbatice. This sand, the 
movement of the surface of which has hitherto defied 
all attempts at planting, has advanced upon Merthyr 
Mawr and Kenfig and some parts of Gower, and, like 
the dragon of Wantley, has swallowed up much pas- 
ture, at least three churclies, a castle, a village or two, 
and not a few detached houses. 

The superficial features of the county are largely 
affected by its mineral composition. The mountain 
districts contain the coal-fiela, of late years so exten- 
sively worked : the lowlands are mainly old red sand- 
stone and mountain limestone, more or less eroded by 
water, and covered up by the unconformable, and 
nearly horizontal, beds of the magnesian conglomerate, 
the new red, and the lias. The county contains no 
igneous rocks, nothing known older than the old red, 
and no regular formation later than the lias. The 
gravels, however, are on a large scale, and their sections 
throw much light upon the origin and dip of the 



ITS CONQCTEST AND ITS CONQUERORS. 13 

pebbles, and therefore upon the measure and direction 
of their depositing forces. 

The charms of Glamorgan have not wanted keen 
appreciation. An early triad asserts of it : — 

" The Bard loves this beautiful country, 
Its wines, its wives, and its white houses." 

Its wines are, alas ! no more ; not even the patriotic 
efforts of Lord Bute, in his vineyard at Castell Coch, 
have as yet been able to raise a murmur from the local 
temperance societies ; but the white cottages still 
glisten, nestled in the recesses of the hills ; and if its 
wives no longer enjoy a special pre-eminence in Wales 
it is only because the fair sex of other counties, emulous 
of the distinction, have attained to the same merits. 
The verses, by Dean Conybeare, in which the senti- 
ments of this triad are embodied, seem worthy of 
preservation here : — 

" Morgan wg ! thy vales are fair, 
Proud thy mountains rise in air ; 
And frequent, through the varied scene 
Thy white- walled mansions glare between : 

May the radiant lamp of day 

Ever shed its choicest nvy 

On those walls of glittering white ; 

Morgan wg ! the Bards* delight. 

" Morgan wg ! those white walls hold 
A matchless race in warftxre bold ; 
In peace the pink of courtesy. 
In love are none so fond and free. 

May, etc. 

" Morganwg ! those w^hite walls know 
All of bliss is given below, 
For there in honour dwells the bride, 
Her lover's joy, her husband's pride. 

May, etc." 

The glowing description of Speed has been often 
quoted, and is well known ; a modern and more prosaic 
writer, following in the same school of geography that 
has compared Italy to a boot, and Oxfordshire to a 
seated old woman, has employed a sort of meinoria 



1 4 THE LAND OF MORGAN : 

technica for the general form of Glamorgan, which he 
likens to a porpoise in the act of diving : "Roath re- 
presents its mouth, Ruperra its prominent snout, 
Blaen-Rhymny and Waun-cae-Gerwin its dorsal fins, 
the peninsula of Gower its outstretched tail, and the 
Hundred of Dinas Powis its protuberant belly." Hig- 
den, writing in the fourteenth century, extends his 
panegyric to the whole Principality. 

" Sic propero ad Walliara 

Ad Priam i prosapiam, 

Ad Magni Jo vis sanguinem 

Ad Dardani progeniem. 
• • # * 

" Terra foecunda fructibus 
Et carnibuB et piscibus ; 
Domesticis, silvestribus, 
Bobus, equis, et ovibus ; 
Apt a cunctis seminibus, 
Culmis, spicis, graminibus; 
Arvis, pratis, nemoribus, 
Herbis gaudet, et iloribus ; . 
Fluminibus et fontibus, 
Oouvallibus et montibiiB. 
Convalles pastum proferunt, 
Montes metalla conferunt ; 
Carbo sub terreB cortice, 
Crescit viror in vertice ; 
Calcem per artis regulas 
Preebet ad tecti, tegulas. 
Epularum materia 
Mel, lac, et lacticinia, 
Mulsum, medo, cervisia, 
Abundant in hac patria, 
Et quicquid vitas congruit 
Ubertim terra tribuit. 



o "'**"• I 



« 



Convict us bujus patriea 
Differt a ritu Anglise, 
In vestibus in victibus, 
In cceteris quam pluribus, 
His vestium insignia 
Sunt clamis et camisia, 
Et crispa femoral ia. 
Sub ventis et sub pluvia, 
Plura non ferunt tegraina 

Quam vis brumescat Borea. 

• • • • 



ITS CONQUEST AND ITS CONQUERORS. 15 

" Itidem in South-Wallia 

Apud Kaerdiff est insula, 

Juxta Sabrinum pelagus, 

Barri dicta antiquitus, 

In cujus parte proxima, 

Apparet rima modica, 
, Ad quam si aurem commodes 

Sonum mirandum audies, 

Nunc quasi flatus follium 

Nunc metallorum sonitum 

Cotis ferri fricamina 

Fornacis nunc incendia. 

Sed hoc non est difficile 

Ex fluctibus contingere 

'Marinis subintrantibus 

Hunc sonum procreantibus." 

Glamorgan received a western addition and became 
a regular county in the reign of Henry VIII, but the 
ancient limit still divides the sees of Llandaff and St. 
David's. Both districts, by some accounts, were in- 
cluded in the ancient Morganwg. " Glamorgan", says 
Rees Meyric, " differs from Morganwg, as the parti- 
culars from the general," Morganwg being the older 
name and far more comprehensive territory. *' Mor- 
ganwg", says the same authority, " extended from 
Gloucester Bridge to the Crumlyn Brook near Neath, 
if not to the Towy River, and included parts of the 
later shires of Gloucester, Monmouth, Hereford, Breck- 
nock, and Glamorgan, and it may be of Caermarthen." 
Glamorgan, on the other hand, seems to have been 
confined to that part of the present county that lies 
along the seaboard, south of the portway, or road, 
probably Roman, from Cardiff to Cowbridge and 
Neath, and this it is which is said to have been ruled 
by Morgan H6n, or the aged, in the middle of the 
tenth century. To this Prince has been attributed the 
name of his territory, Gwlad-Morgan or Morgan's 
country, and there is no evidence for its earlier use. 
The rule of his descendants, however, under the same 
name, seems to have included the northern or hill 
country ; and, finally, Fitz-Hamon and his successors, 
although of the ancient Morganwg they held only that 



16 THE LAND OF MORGAN : 

small part between the Rhymny and the Usk, always 
styled themselves** Domini Morganiae etGlamorganiaB^in 
their charters, nor was the style altered even when the 
Monmouthshire lands passed away for a time by a 
co-heir to the Audleys. 

The Britons, both of East and West Britain, seem, 
when fairly conquered, to have accepted the Roman 
yoke with equanimity ; and it is evident, from the 
remains of Roman villas all over Wales, that the in- 
truders lived there in peace. This was never the case 
with the English. The Welsh never accepted their 
rule, and their language contains many expressions in- 
dicating their deadly and continued hate. Even in the 
Herefordshire Irchenfield, where many parishes bear 
English names, and which probably from the time of 
Alfred was part of an English county, and along the 
Shropshire border, within and about Offa s Dyke, all 
the English dwellings were fortified. The points of 
contact between the Welsh and the various tribes of 
Northmen w^ere numerous ; sometimes on the English 
border, where a large infusion of the names are English, 
sometimes along the sea-coast, where such names as 
Skokholm, Holm, Sealm, Gresholm, Gatholm, Strumble 
Head, Nangle, and Swansea, savour strongly of the 
Baltic ; and it seems probable that in some degree to 
those early Vikings, as well as to the later settlements 
of Flemings or English, is due the Teutonic element 
which prevails in the topography of Lower Pembroke 
and Gower. In Glamorgan, however, the Welsh in the 
eleventh century seem pretty well to have recovered 
their territory, and to have disposed of their invaders 
as they disposed of Harold himself when he attempted 
to erect a hunting lodge for the Confessor at Port- 
skewit. 

Gwrgan, the penultimate Welsh prince who ruled 
over Glamorgan, is usually called by the Welsh Lord 
of Morgan wg ; which, however, he certainly never held 
in its extended sense, his rule having been confined to 
the tract from the Usk to the Crumlyn, and from the 



ITS C50NQUEST AND ITS CONQUERORS. 17 

Brecknock border to the sea. His name is said to be 

{)reserved in Gwrganstown, near Cowbridge, but he 
ives chiefly in the memory of the Welsh as having 
laid m>en the Common of Hirwaun, thence known 
as " Hirwaun- Wrgan", or "Gwrgan's long meadow", 
near Aberdare. 

Jestyn ap Gwrgan, his son and successor, had a 
powerful and ambitious neighbour in Rhys ap Twdwr, 
Lord of Deheubarth, or the shires of Caermarthen, 
Cardigan, and Pembroke, with whom, as was natural 
to his race, he was at war ; and getting, or fearing to 
get, the worst in the struggle, he dispatched Einion ap 
CoUwyn, a refugee from Dyfed, who had lived much 
with the Normans, to Robert Fitz-Hamon for aid. 
Fitz-Hamon was a friend and follower of Rufus, and 
Lord of the Honour of Gloucester, the magnificent 
heritage of Brictric, who is said to have refused the 
hand of Matilda, who afterwards married William the 
Conqueror, but never forgave the spretcB injuria formoB, 
The Roman de Brut says : — 

'* Meis Brictrich Maude refusa 
Dunt ele mult se coru^a.*' 

Fitz-Hamon, not insensible to the attractions of a 
Marcher Lordship, crossed the Severn with his troops, 
and landed, it is said, at Porthkerry in or about 1093. 
Joining his forces to those of Jestyn, they met, attacked, 
and conquered Rhys at Bryn-y-beddau near Hirwaun, 
within or close upon the border of Brecknock, and slew 
him on the brow of an adjacent hill in Glyn Rhondda, 
thence called Penrhys. Goronwy, a son of Rhys, also 
was slain, and Cynan, another son, was drowned in a 
large marsh between Neath and Swansea, thence called 
Pwll-Cynan. 

The Normans are said to have received their subsidy 
at the " Mill-tir-awr", or Golden Mile, near Bridgend, 
and to have departed by land. Einion, however, was 
refused his guerdon, the hand of Jestyn's daughter; on 
which he recalled the Normans, who had a fray at 

c 



18 THE LAND OF MORGAN: 

Mynydd Bychan, near Cardiff, at which Jestjm was 
slain. Einion^s reward was the hill -lordship of Seng- 
henydd, but in the Welsh tradition he is always stig- 
matised as Einion-fradwr, " the traitor". Jestyn was 
also supported by Cedrych ap Gwaethfoed, Lord of 
Cardigan, but closely connected with Glamorgan, and 
ancestor of Lewis of Van and other of the older 
families in the east of the county. 

The proceedings of Fitz-Hamon during and upon his 
conquest have been woven into a legenaary tale, very 
neat and round, very circumstantial, but as deficient in 
evidence as though it had proceeded from the pen of 
Geoffrey himself. The story, which in South Wales is 
an article of faith, explains the jealousy between Rhys 
and Jestyn, resting, of course, upon a woman ; the 
cause of the special selection of Einion to bring in the 
Normans ; the battle of Hirwaun-Wrgan ; the death 
of Rhys and his sons ; the payment of the Normans in 
gold ; the refusal to Einion of his guerdon ; the retire- 
ment and return of the Normans ; the death of Jestyn 
and the occupation of his territory ; and, finally, its 
partition between the conqueror and his twelve prin- 
cipal followers, and four or five Welshmen. 

By whom, or when this story was concocted is not 
known. It was certainly accepted without challenge 
in the reign of Elizabeth, and could scarcely have been 
circulated before the extinction of the Le Despencers, 
early in the fifteenth century. Probably its author 
was some follower of the Stradlings of St. Donats, a 
family somewhat given to literature, whose fictitious 
pedigree it sets forth as true. What is certain is, 
that whatever may have been the cause alleged, the 
invasion was not really due to any local quarrel, but 
was part of a settled policy for completing the English 
conquest ; a policy wnich, if not undertaken by Fitz- 
Hamon, would have been carried out by Rufus in 
person, or by some of the adventurers who about the 
same time were taking possession of Monmouth and 
Brecknock and the whole of South-west Wales. In- 



ITS CONQUEST AND ITS CONQUERORS. 19 

deed, Rufus awaited the result of Fitz-Hamon's ex- 
pedition at Alveston, between Bristol and Gloucester, 
and is supposed to have been only prevented by ill- 
ness from bearing a share in it. A few months after 
the main success there seems to have been a rising of 
the Welsh in Wentloog, Glamorgan, and Gower, the 
result of which, according to the Brut, was so far 
successful that it secured for them somewhat better 
terms, of which, however, there is but little evidence 
in what is known of the disposition of the lands. 

It is singular that of so notable a man as Fitz-Hamon 
so little should be known. His father, ** Hamo Den- 
tatus*', seems to have received favours from Duke 
WDliam, who specially noticed his defection, with that 
of Neel de St. Sauveur, Grimont de Plessy , and Ranulph 
of Bayeux at Val-^-Dunes, as recorded in the Cronique 
des Dices de Noi^Trvandie : — 

'' Par eel Rannol de Beiesin 
E par Neel de Costentin 
E par Haniun uns Antecriz 
£ par Grimont des Plaiseiz. 

• • • • • 

Felon, parjor e traitor 

E vers Deu e vers lor Seignor 

Neel, Hamun, Ranol, Grimont." 

In the battle, among the leaders, was " Haimonem 
agnomine Dentatum", who led the first line of six 
thousand men and much distinguished himself, fighting 
hand to hand with the King of France, by whose 
attendants he was slain. He is there called Sieur de 
Thorigny, de Bersy, et de Creully, and his war-cry 
(according to the Roman de Rou), was " St. Amant"; 

" Et Han-a-dens va reclamant, 
*St. Amant', sire 'Saint Amant'."^ 

Malmesbury speaks of Haimon as "Avum Roberti qui 
nostro tempore in Anglia multarum possessionum incu- 
bator extitit", but he was more probably the father. 

1 St. Armand was the patron saint of Thorigny, sometimes called 
" St. Amand de Thorigny". 

C 2 



20 THE LAND OF MORGAN: 

r 

Hamo-a-Dens seems to have had two sons, for Hamo 
Dapifer is stated by Wm. of Jumifeges to be brother of 
Robert Fitz-Hamon. " Dedit etiam Uli [Roberto Comiti 
Glouc :] rex terrain Haimonis dapiferi, patrui videlicet 
uxoris suae." Hamo Dapifer, though omitted in the 
index to the folio Domesday, appears as a tenant in 
chief in the record, holding in Essex fourteen parishes, 
and as " Haimo Vicecomes ' possessing others m Kent 
and Surrey. Hasted says he was also called " Creve- 
quer". He was one of the Judges in the great cause 
between Archbishop Lanfranc and Odo, and died child- 
less in the reign of Henir I. The land thus granted 
by Henry I to Earl Robert's wife descended to her 
children and their successors, and thus it was that 
Dunmow came to the De Clares.^ 

In the hst of fees held under the Church of Bayeux, 
" Robertus filius Hamonis" is entered as holding ten 
* fees of the Honour of Evreux under Bayeux, and he 
was hereditary standard-bearer to the Blessed Mary of 
Bayeux, as Earl Robert of Gloucester was after him. 
Meyrick calls him Earl of Corboile, but the Haymo 
who was Lord of the Castle of Corboile, died on his 
way to Rome, during the reign of Hugh Capet, and 
his son wajs Theobald, as is related in the life of Earl 
Burchard, who married his widow. 

Though not mentioned in Domesday , Fitz-Hamon 
was probably then in England, for Mr. Ellis has found 
his name connected with Gloucester, in what he re- 
gards as the notes whence that part of the survey was 
compiled. He was in the confidence of Rufiis, and on 
the eve of the Welsh expedition received from him the 
Honour of Gloucester, whence, indeed, he drew, as was 
of course intended, men and means. On the death of 
Rufus, when Duke Robert landed at Dorchester and 
advanced in arms firom Winchester to meet his brother, 
he was accompanied by Fitz-Hamon, who succeeded in 

^ The office of Dapifer seems to have been held by the elder Hamo; 
for, in 1088, Robert, son of Hamo Dapifer, aided Rufus in the siege of 
Rochester Castle. 



ITS CONQUEST AND ITS CONQUEROBS. 21 

negotiating a peace between the brothers. As Seig- 
neur of Thorigny and CreuUy he was homager of 
Robert, "Homme de Due", as it was called, but he seems 
thenceforward to have adhered to Henry, whom he 
supported in 1101 against the "Optimates", who sup- 
ported Robert. In that year the letter written by 
Henry on his accession, to Anselm, is witnessed by 
Robert Fitz-Hamon and Hamo Dapifer. In 1105 he 
was captured during the siege of Bayeux, taking refuge 
in the Tour de Moustrier de Secqueville, which was 
burned. Henry, however, obtained his liberation im- 
mediately, for " moult il se fioit en Robert Fitz de 
Hamon". Very soon afterwards, in the same year, 
he was wounded in the temple at the siege of Caen, of 
which wound he lingered till 1107, when he died.^ 

The policy pursued towards the Welsh seems to 
have been severe, since only one Welsh lord occurs in 
the low country, which was parted between the in- 
vaders ; the few Welsh, with that one exception, who 
were allowed to hold considerable estates, being con- 
fined to the hills. In settling the lordship, the old 
Welsh divisions of cantreds and commotes were pre- 
served, and usually the parishes, but by a modification 
of these divisions the lordship was divided into body 
and members. The body, the Welsh " Bro", became the 
shire fee, and was placed under a sheriff; and the 
members, though extending at points into the low- 
lands, corresponded for the most part to the "Blaenau". 
Besides these were the lord's private or demesne lands, 
the borough towns, and the possessions of the church 
of Llandaff. 

The shire fee or body was settled in accordance with 
the feudal system in use in Normandy. The private 
estates became manors, and in many cases also pro- 
bably new parishes. There were 36 and 3-5ths knights' 
fees, divided into about twenty-six lordships, held by 
castle-guard tenure of the Castle of Cardiff, to which 

^ Chron, de Normandie in Rer. Gall, Script., xii, 628 ; xiii, 206, 
248, 250, 251 ; XV, 64. 



22 THE LAND OF MORGAN: 

the tenants were bound to repair when needed. 
Besides these there were mesne manors, subinfeuda- 
tions from the original tenants, holden of them and 
their castles, also by military service, the whole being 
held by the chief lord under the sovereign. 

The boroughs were six, Cardiif, Cowbridge, Kenfig, 
Llantrissant, A van, and Neath. The four first held 
direct from the lord, and enjoyed the usual liberties 
and privileges, guaranteed by charter. Neath held 
originally from de GranviUe, but came by exchange to 
the lord. Avan, or Avene, stood out much longer, but, 
on the extinction of the elder line of Jestyn, that also 
fell in. Probably these boroughs were wholly of Nor- 
man introduction. Caerphilly has been classed with 
the boroughs, but it does not seem ever to have re- 
ceived a charter, or to have had a governing body. It 
sprung up at a later period with the castle, and no 
doubt fell with it into speedy and complete decay. 

The members were ten, of which two were sub- 
divided. They were Avan Wallia, Coyty , Glyn Rhondda, 
Llanblethian, Miscin, Neath citra and ultra, Ruthvn, 
Senghenydd supra and subter, Talavan, and Tir-y-jarl 
or the earl's land. Tenure by gavelkind, called in 
Welsh "Rhan-tir", or partible land, is found about 
Bridgend and in a part of Monmouthshire. The prac- 
tice of dividing land equally between sons, and failing 
sons, between daughters, once common to all English 
socage tenants, is thought also to have prevailed in 
Celtic Britain, so that it is just possible that what is 
found in South Wales may be the remnant of a general 
usage, though the name of gavelkind is of English 
importation. The Welsh members of the shire had 
also their local courts, and their lords the right of 
"bren-o-ffwl", or pit and gallows, no great concession, 
as seven of the twelve were in the hands of the chief 
lord. Each member had its steward or seneschal, who 
presided at its courts, from which an appeal lay to the 
shire court at Cardiff. 

Although Llandaff was a very ancient ecclesiastical 



ITS CONQUEST AND ITS CONQUEROBS. 23 

title, there seems to have been an attempt for a time 
to make Glamorgan the designation of the see. At 
Bishop Urban's consecration by Anselm he is called 
Bishop of Glamorgan, and the same appears in Eadmer. 
The Kshop, as head of the Church of Llandaff, and 
lord of that manor, had the prerogatives of a Lord 
Marcher, but his temporalities were confirmed to him 
by the chief lord, who claimed to hold possession of 
the see when vacant, though this right was afterwards 
challenged by the crown and surrendered. The Bishop 
held the lordship of Llandaff and the manor of St. 
Lythan, or Worlton, in the shire. 

The lands given by the Welsh princes to the colleges 
of Llantwit and Llancarvan seem to have been trans- 
ferred to other foundations ; for it is stated in the 
cartulary of St. Peter s at Gloucester that Fitz-Hamon 
gave to that House the church of St. Cadoc at Llan- 
carvan, and Penhon, with fifteen hides of land, pro- 
bably about 1102. Llancarvan is mentioned in a bull 
of Calixtus in 1119, and of Honorius in 1 1 28 ; and King 
Stephen, in confirming lands to Gloucester in 1136, 
mentions St. Cadoc of Llancarvan and Tregoff, among 
the gifts of Fitz-Hamon. On the whole, the church 
in the lordship had no reason to complain of the new 
lords. The Benedictine Abbeys of Neath and Margam 
were founded in 1130 and 1147, and their endowments 
rapidly augmented. Ewenny, as a cell of Gloucester, 
was founded about the same time, and therefore it 
is not probable that Fitz-Hamon or his successor con- 
fiscated any church lands ; and no doubt the local pro- 
perty held by the Abbey of Gloucester, and afterwards 
by their successors, the Dean and Chapter, represents 
the old Welsh endowments. 

The part played by the Crown in the conquest of 
Glamorgan has never been clearly defined. Fitz-Hamon 
certainly received the Honour of Gloucester to enable 
him to undertake it. It is certain that he did so with 
the consent of Ruftis, and upon the condition that he 
held the land, as such conquests were elsewhere held, 



24 THE LAND OF MORGAN: 

of the Crown as a Marcher Lordship. What was the 
precise position of Lords Marchers has not been settled 
Dy legal antiquaries. They received no charter defining, 
establishing, or limiting their ample privileges. No 
sovereign would have been willing to grant in per- 
petuity privileges permitted to be assumed under tem- 
porary pressure, and the Marchers much preferred that 
their privileges, if not formally acknowledged to the 
full, should remain undefined. The privileges were 
necessary, under the circumstances, but naturally be- 
came circumscribed as Wales became settled ; and the 
Crown, which retained the usual feudal rights over 
these lordships, had, from time to time, during a 
minority, or upon an escheat, an opportunity of check- 
ing encroachments. 

Glamorgan was by much the oldest shire in Wales, 
and one of the very few not included in the Statutum 
Wallise of 1280. The statute of Henry VIII also 
treats it as an old county. In truth, the Lord of 
Glamorgan was little short of a crowned king. 
The king's writ did not run in his territory; he 
had his sheriff, his chancery, his great seal, his 
courts civU and criminal, rights of admiralty and 
of wreck, of life and death, an ambulatory council 
or parliament, jura regalia^ fines, oblations, escheats, 
wardships, marriages, and other feudal incidents. 
Some of his greater tenants held per haroniam, 
others by grand and petit sergeanty, socage, and villen- 
age. He held, sede vacante, the temporalities of the 
bishopric, he was patron of the principal abbeys and of 
the municipal boroughs, and he himself held in capite 
de corona. In common with other Marcher Lordships 
Glamorgan had also this in common with an Honour, 
that, when it was, by an escheat or during a minority, 
vested in the crown, it did not become merged, or lose 
its individuality. The personal service due from the 
military tenants to the lord was not transferred to the 
crown, but, if they so pleased, could be compounded 
for in money. Nor were the Marcher privileges mere 



ITS CONQUEST AND ITS CONQUEROBS. 25 

assertions. They were regularly exercised, and occa- 
sionally pleaded in the king's courts. A plea is preserved 
in the records of the Curia Regis, 8th July 1199, and 
noted by Palgrave, in which the sheriff of Hereford, 
when ordered by the king's court to take possession of 
Bredwardine castle, protests that he cannot do so, it 
being out of his baiUiewick, and Wm. de Braose, the 
Marcher Lord, declares that neither king, sheriff, nor 
justice has any right to enter upon his Hberty. Also, 
in 1302, another William de Braose claimed in parlia- 
ment that in his liberty of Gower he had his chancellor 
and chancery and seal, the judgment of life and death, 
and cognizance of all pleas, whether of crown or others, 
arising in the lordship, between all persons whomso- 
ever. Similar statements are pleaded by the de Clares, 
Earls of Gloucester, in bar of appeal from their courts 
to Westminster. Also in a cause reported in the Cotton 
MS. ( Vitdl; C. x, f 172^), where Richard Syward, 1248, 
appeals to the Crown against a judgment in the Earl 
of Gloucester's court in Glamorgan, the Earl demurs to 
the appeal on the ground that Syward is his vassal, 
and that the transaction, the cause of the proceedings, 
was in Glamorgan. He suggests, however, a sort of 
compromise, a royal commission to report upon the case 
to the king in person, which was accepted. 

No wonder tnat the great English lords coveted the 
Welsh lordships. Unproductive in money or pastoral 
wealth, they were inaccessible, contained excellent 
soldiers, and by a temporary arrangement with the 
Welsh leaders a Marcher could at any time securely 
defy a weak Sovereign. 

There is direct evidence for but few of Fitz-Hamon's 
grants, or even for the names or numbers of his prin- 
cipal followers. There is known but one extant charter 
by him relating to Wales, and by that he grants the 
fishery of an arm of the Taff at Cardiff to Tewkesbury 
Abbey. Other of his charters, relating to other counties, 
are however extant, and from the witnesses and similar 
sources the names have been established of a few of his 



26 THE LAND OF MORGAN: 

principal followers, and of several others who it is 
highly probable were of the number. What makes it 
probable that the greater number of tenants whose 
names appear in the twelfth or early in the thirteenth 
century were derived from original settlers, is that 
most held directly of the lord. Of mesne or subordi- 
nate manors there were comparatively few, and those 
of course may have been created at any time up to the 
passing of the celebrated statute ''Quia emptores'\ 
which seems to have been acted up to in Glamorgan, 
whether recognized or not as binding. 

The records of Glamorgan for the first century and a 
half from the Conquest are very scanty indeed, chiefly 
charters from the lords to their dependants and to the 
Church, though usually with many local witnesses. 
Some of Fitz-Hamon s followers seem to have staid 
but a short time, and, if they received grants of land, 
to have disposed of it, and in consequence they have 
escaped notice altogether; but even of the greater 
lords, who founded local families, the origin and early 
descent has hitherto been involved in much obscurity. 

Under the feudal system the relations between the 
crown and its tenants in chief, and between these and 
their subtenants, were very intimate ; the crown per- 
petually claiming services or their redemption in money, 
the tenants resisting, and aU parties appLing to graiite 
and charters, extents or surveys, remissions or excep- 
tions for and against the claims of wardship, livery, re- 
lief, scutage, escheat and the like, all which were set 
down with an accuracy well befitting transactions 
relating to property. 

Relations similar to these in substance, but modified 
by the delegated powers of the Marcher Lords, sub- 
sisted also in Wales. Each Marcher, while holding in 
chief from the Crown, was himself in many respects a 
sovereign in his relations to his own tenants and their 
sub-tenants. Every manor in the March was held 
mediately or immediately of a Lord Marcher, and its 
mesne lord paid his reliefs, wardships, scutage, and 



ITS CONQUEST AND ITS CONQUERORS. 27 

wardsilver; and each had its customs, exemptions, 
payments and quittances recorded in the chancery, 
which it was the prerogative of every Marcher to hold, 
attached to the court of his Caput Baronies, which took 
cognisance, in the first instance or by appeal, of every 
cause, civil or criminal, arising withm its bounds. 
There must, therefore, have been accumulated in the 
several chanceries a mass of records similar to those 
which, fi-om the other parts of the kingdom, were pre- 
served in the royal courts and the exchequer. 

What then has become of these records, which were, 
in fact, the early title deeds of the Welsh estates ? It 
is scarcely surprising that the records even of the most 
powerful private families in Wales should have been 
destroyed, so frequent were the incursions and retalia- 
tions of the two parties, who, of course, burned and 
destroyed everything within their reach ; but this does 
not apply in the same degree to the records of the 
Marchers, whose castles were strong and well garrisoned, 
and in many cases, as at Chepstow, Ludlow, and 
Shrewsbury, scarcely at all exposed to be taken and 
sacked. Cardiff inaeed was once or twice in the hands 
of the Welsh ; and Glendowr, who was its last invader 
during its existence as a Marcher Lordship, is supposed 
to have destroyed all he found, which may perhaps 
account for the disappearance of the earlier records ; 
but even then there must have been many of a later 
date, accumulated under the Beauchamps and Nevilles, 
and Jasper Tudor ; and these also are lost. The lord- 
ship then reverted to the Crown, and as Edward VI 
and Elizabeth, whUe selling the lands, retained the 
seigniorial powers, it might be expected that their 
officers would take charge of the records of the chan- 
cery. Certainly there are very few in private hands, 
and it is understood that neither at Badminton, nor 
Wilton, nor at Cardiff, are there any documents re- 
lating to the seigniory of Glamorgan, or any relating 
to Glamorgan, of .earlier date than the entrance of the 
Herberts into that seigniory. 



28 THE LAND OF MORGAN: 

Some have suggested that when the Marcherships 
were abohshed or vested in the Crown, and the govern- 
ment of Wales was administered by the Council at 
Ludlow, the records were all transferred thither, and 
perished in the subsequent civil wars ; others suppose 
them to have been removed to the repositories in 
London, and still to slumber unknown in that vast and 
long neglected though valuable collection, a theory 
which recent research renders scarcely tenable. The 
subject of the disappearance of the South-Welsh re- 
cords is one of considerable interest, and it is to be 
hoped that it will be investigated by one of the able 
antiquaries on the staff of the E^ecord Office, since none 
other could direct the necessary researches. 

Fortunately for posterity, although the records of 
the transactions of the Marcher Lords with their 
tenants, of the Mareschals and De Clares, the Mor- 
timers, Montgomerys, Newmarchs, Bellomonts, Braoses, 
Bohuns and Hastings' ; with their knights and military 
dependents, are lost, a better lot has attended the re- 
cords of their transactions with the Crown ; and the 
inquisitions taken upon their deaths or escheats, and 
the detail of their feudal services, are in great measure 
preserved. 

Also, it has fortunately happened that the Marcher 
Lords, from their detached position and great military 
power, were frequently tempted into rebellion, and 
their estates suffered forfeiture or escheat; then, or 
during a minority, the Crown stepped in and seized 
upon or administered the lordship, and when this oc- 
curred the dues were usually paid to the officers of the 
Crown, and the transactions were recorded in the re- 
cords of the realm, and are preserved. Thus the 
Honours of Gloucester and Brecknock were in the . 
hands of Henry I and Stephen. Richard and John 
both held the Honour of Gloucester, and the compo- 
tus roll returned by their officer gives much informa- 
tion as to the internal state of Glamorgan at that re- 
mote period, which would otherwise have been lost. 



ITS CONQUEST AND ITS CONQUERORS. 29 

There is also another source, both copious and accu- 
rate, of which little heed has hitherto been taken, but 
which throws considerable light upon the names and 
origin of the followers of Fitz-Hamon into Glamorgan. 
It appears that almost all who joined in the conquest, 
or settled in the conquered territory, came from the 
Honour of Gloucester, and were therefore connected 
with one or other of the shires of Gloucester, Somer- 
set, Devon, Dorset, or Wilts ; and as they were either 
landowners, or the cadets of landowners, in those 
counties, their names occur in the local records, which 
not unfrequently explain various particulars as to their 
descent and connections. 

Of the leading settlers, whose names occur in such 
records as exist in Glamorgan, some certainly con- 
temporary with Fitz-Hamon, others who, or whose 
fathers, may, many of them, be really of that date, de 
Granville held lands at Bideford, Turberville at Bere- 
Turberville, St. Quintin at Frome-St.-Quintin, Umfra- 
ville at Down-Umfraville, Halwey at Combe-Halwey or 
Hawey, Reigny at Esse and Culm-Reigny, Bawdrip at 
Bawdrip, Cogan at Huntspill, Bonvile at Bonvileston in 
Devon ; while Barry, Bawcen, Butler, Corbet, Dennis, 
Fleming, Joel, Le Sore, Luvel, Maisy, Norris, Payn, 
Sandford, Scurlage, Sturmy, St. John, Valognes, 
Walsh, and scores of others, occur in various parts of 
the Honour, and are found in either the eleventh, 
twelfth, or thirteenth century in Glamorgan. 

Many of the settlers reversed the usual practice in 
England, and, as in Ireland, gave to their lands their 
own names ; sometimes, it may be, because they found 
the Welsh name hard to pronounce ; more frequently 
because their castles and the limits of their estates 
were altogether new. Thus Barry, Bonvileston, 
Flemingston, Colwinston, Constantineston or Coston, 
Gileston, Laleston, Nicholaston, Marcross, Sully, all 
names of parishes, were evidently taken from their 
lords, and possibly were carved out of earlier Welsh 
parishes, which were usually very large indeed. St. 



30 THE LAND OF MORGAN: 

George's, and several other parishes taking name 
from English saints, are no doubt of the same class. 
There are also many private estates, sometimes manors, 
but not parishes, bearing the names of the intruding 
owners. Such are Cantelupeston, Maes-Syward, Odins- 
fee, Sigginston, Samonston, Picketston, Lloyn-y- 
Grant, Beganston, Sturmy-Down, Walterston, and the 
like. 

Fitz-Hamon, though certainly a severe conqueror, 
probably, like the greater conqueror under whom he 
had served, did not disturb the Welsh more than was 
necessary for his own security, though that, no doubt, 
is admitting a good deal. Einion and other Welsh 
lords were permitted to retain large tracts on the hills ; 
and of four of the sons of Jestyn, the eldest was 
allowed to hold a member-lordship in the low country 
on at least equal terms with the greatest of the Nor- 
mans. The position held by the descendants of Cara- 
doc ap Jestyn is unlike any retained in England by 
men of pure Saxon descent. They built a castle on 
the Avan, established under its protection a chartered 
borough town, were large benefactors to Neath and 
Margam, two Norman Abbeys, burying at the latter, 
and, as their seals show, used armorial bearings and 
armour like the Normans. With all this they con- 
tinued for four generations to bear Welsh names, and 
to sympathise with the Welsh people ; for which they 
were sometimes summoned to do personal homage to 
the king, and sometimes called upon to give hostages 
for their conduct. It was Morgan ap Caradoc who, in 
1188, convoyed Archbishop Baldwin across the treach- 
erous sands of Avan and Neath, on his way to Swansea. 
Morgan Gam, his successor, was shut up in an English 
prison by the Earl of Gloucester, and in reprisal he 
burned the EarFs grange at Kenfig. Their original 
tenure, like that of the other Welsh lords, was without 
any definite service, but they acquired a commote held 
by sergeanty, adopted Avene as a simame, intermarried 
with the Norman families, added the great lordship of 



ITS CONQUEST AND ITS CONQUERORS. 31 

Cilvae and the manors of Sully and Eglwys-Brewis to 
their possessions, and finally, in the eighth descent, 
ended in an heiress, who married Sir William Blount, 
and exchanged her lands for others in England. To 
another son of Jestyn was allotted the lordship of 
Ruthyn; to another, Rees, the lands of Solven, called 
thence " Rees-Solven". 

Fitz-Hamon's personal share in the conquered land is 
said to have included the towns of Cardiff, Cowbridge, 
and Kenfig, the Castles of Cardiff and Kenfig, the 
shire fee or body of the lordship, and as demesne lands 
Miscin, Glyn Rhondda, Tir-y-Iarl, and Boverton or 
Llantwit. 

Of the Norman settlers there were six, unquestion- 
ably contemporary with Fitz-Hamon, whose power was 
far more considerable than that of the others. These 
were de Granville, de Turberville, de Londres, Syward, 
St. Quentin, Umfravile and Sully. Richard de Gran- 
ville is reported to have been Fitz-Hamon's brother, 
and there certainly occurs a Ricardus filius Hamonis in 
1096 as a baron, etc., with possessions in Normandy 
{Rerum GalL, scrip, xiv, 146). He, or his son, founded 
Neath Abbey, in 1129, attaching it to the House of 
Savigny in Normandy, and retired to Bideford, where 
they became the progenitors of one of the great families 
of the West, achieving high military and naval fame, 
and not unknown in literature. 

Pagan de Turberville had Coyty, much celebrated in 
bardic story as the seat of a royal lineage. He, or his 
son, strengthened their position by marrying the dis- 
possessed Welsh heiress. The family always showed 
W elsh sympathies, and continued to hold a very high 
rank in the county until the fifteenth century, when 
the main line failed, as the cadet lines have since also 
failed, so that there remains now but the echo of this 
very considerable name. 

St. Quintin settled at Llanblethian, but they have 
left no special tradition or mark in the county, from 
which before 1249 the family was gone, and Syward 



32 THE LAND OF MORGAN. 

held their fees. Probably they resided mainly else- 
where. Their heiress, no doubt, though the actual 
pedigree is not preserved, was the lady whose blood, 
mingled with that of Fitz-Hugh and of Marmion, 
centred in Parr of Kendal, and now flows in the veins 
of the Herberts of Wilton. 

Syward had the lordship and castle of Talavan, and 
the sub-manor of Merthjn: Mawr, and, before his fall, 
in 1249, the castle of Llanblethian. He was one of a 
turbulent race, alternately useful and injurious to their 
lords, and remembered as having carried on a plea 
against Gilbert Earl of Gloucester, into which largely 
entered the very curious legal question, how far an 
appeal lay from the Earl Marcher's court to that of the 
King at Westminster. 

Of these lords, de Granville, de Turberville, St. 
Quintin and Syward, held member-lordships, with 
powers of life and death and other Marcher privileges. 

De Londres, probably more powerful than any of the 
others, held the lordship of Ogmore with the sub-manor 
of Dunraven. The family territory was, however, 
mostly in Caermarthenshire, where they held the great 
lordship of Camwilthion, of which Kidwelly was the 
chief seat. They built Ogmore castle, but mostly re- 
sided at Kidwelly. William de Londres and Maurice, 
his son, were the founders of Ewenny Priory. The 
heiress of de Londres married de Cadurcis or Chaworth, 
and their heiress, Henry Earl of Lancaster. The lord- 
ship of Ogmore has never had a resident lord, but on 
the other hand it has been held together, and is now 
a part of the Duchy of Lancaster. 

The other considerable settlers were Umfravile and 
Sully. Umfravile is stated by genealogists to have 
been the head of that family, cadets of which settled 
at Prudhoe, and became Earls of Angus. The connec- 
tion seems probable, for the Glamorgan Umfiuviles 
sealed with a hexapetalous flower, which also forms a 
part of the Angus coat. They built Penmark castle, 
and there is some reason to suppose that the St. Johns, 



ITS CONQUEST AND ITS CONQUERORS. 



33 



who married their heiress, held Fonmon manor under 
them. Somery, of Dinas Powis, ought perhaps to be 
added to the above "Barones majores", since they were 
Barons of Dudley castle, and held their Glamorgan fees 
for some centuries ; but they do not seem to have taken 
a very active part in local aSairs. 

The earliest inquisition extant of the Lordship of 
Glamorgan was probably taken in 1262, on the acces- 
sion of Earl Gilbert de Clare, and therefore one hundred 
and seventy years or so after the conquest. This gives 
a list of all, the holders of lay fees, who held in oapite 
of the lord, and the service due from each. The table 
is most interesting, and has only lately been dis- 
covered. 

The names aad holdings axe : 



G.Turberville inNewcaatle^j^f fee. 
Nerberd in Lancovian 
Sandford in Leckwitb 
Scurlag in Llanharry 
H. Sully in Pentyrch 
Piretoa in Nova- Villa 






» 



19 



>9 



Constantine in Lanmaes 
deGloucestria in VVrenchester 
de Kaerdiff in Lanirid 
Clifford in Kenfeis 
Basset in St. Hilary 
Sullv in Lanmaes 




Butler in Marcross 
Constantine in Coston 
Hawey in St. Donats 
Norris in Penllyne 
Sy ward in Merthyr-Mawr 

Cogan in Cogan 
Somery in Dinas Powis 
Corbet in St. Nicholas 
De Londres in Ogmore 



1 fee. 

1 

1 

1 

1 



j> 



» 



99 



Le Sore in St. Fagans 
Walsh in Landoch 
de Wincestria in Landan 
Mayloc in Capella 



1 fee. 

1 „ 

1 „ 

1 9, 



99 



2 fees. Nerberd in Abron Thawe 4 fees. 
2 J „ Sully in Sully and Wenvoe 4 

3 „ Umfrevile in Penmark 4 
4 



99 



>> 



>9 



The abbot of Margam held Langewy, probably a lay 
fee, but no service is named, TurberviUe held Coyty 
per haroniam, also described as grand sergeanty. Of 
the Welsh lords, Morgan Vachan (of Avan) held in 
Baglan half a commote by Welshery ; no service, but 
a horse and arms at the death of the tenant, the old 
form of heriot. Two sons of Morgan ap Cadewalthan 
held half a commote in Glyn Rhondda; no service. 
Griffith ap Rees held two commotes, an immense hold- 



34 THE LAND OF MORGAN: 

ing, in Senghenydd : he was the ancestor of Lewis of 
Van ; no service. Morediht ap Griffith held one com- 
mote in Machheir, probably Miscin; no service. De 
Granville's lordship is not mentioned, it having lapsed 
to the chief lord, as probably had those of Syward and 
St. Quintin. Marcross had been succeeded by de Pin- 
cema or Butler. BerkeroUes had not yet given place to 
Nerberd, nor Stradling to Hawey. Fleming probably 
had not arrived, and Bawdrip was then only a burgess 
of Cardiif. St. John of Fonmon and Butler of Dun- 
raven are not named. The latter certainly was a 
subtenant, and possibly this was so with St. John. 
Probably for the same reason, as not holding in capite^ 
are omitted Joel, Odin, Barry, and Bonvile, though 
they appear as inquisitors. It is to be observed also 
that in these inquisitions the jurors at Cardiff are all 
English. At Llantrissent and at Llangonydd all are 
Welsh. At Neath only three of the twelve are English. 
This shows how largely the Welsh element prevailed, 
and how completely the Welsh were trusted with the 
ordinary duties of iree-tenants. The next extant siu*- 
vey of the shire was taken in 1320, about sixty years 
later, and in that time considerable changes haa taken 
place. The knights' fees are still numbered at 36 and 
a fraction ; but of the former tenants there remain the 
names but of ten — the Abbot, Basset, Corbet, Mayloc, 
Nerber, Norris, Turberville, Umfravile, Walsh, and de 
Winton ; and of these there remained, in the reign of 
Elizabeth, but two — Basset, and a cadet of Turberville. 

The proximity of Strongbow's estates and cattle of 
Chepstow, and the passage of the road thence to Mil- 
ford across Glamorgan, seem to have led many of the 
settlers to a further adventure in Ireland, where we 
find such names as Barry, Cogan, Basset, Cadoc, Bonville, 
Fleming, Kenfig, Lamays, Landochan, Norris, London, 
Penrice, Swaynsey, Siward, Sandford, Newton, Scur- 
lock, Walsh, and a great number of Welshmen desig- 
nated by a christian name, and as of Cardiff. 

The position of the English in Wales during the two 



ITS CONQUEST AND ITS CONQUERORS. 35 

centuries following the conquest, in fact until the re- 
duction of the Principality by Edward I, was such as 
to make a castle a necessity ; so much so, that there 
is no trace of a licerUia crenellare having been thought 
necessary under the Marcher rule, though the Marcher 
Lord of Whittington in Salop had such a licence from 
Henry IIL Every landowner's house was literally 
his castle. In parts of Glamorgan they stood so close 
that it is difficult to understand whence their owners 
derived their revenues. For example, within a radius 
of six miles from Barry, half the circle being occupied 
by the sea, were twelve castles; and in the county, 
and mainly in its southern part, were from thirty to 
forty, of which but one, Aberavan, belonged to a Welsh 
Lord. Most of these castles were the residences of 
private persons, and were bmlt for the defence of the 
estate and its tenants ; others, the property of the chief 
Lord, were constructed for the defence of the country, 
and were so placed as to command the passes by which 
the Welsh were accustomed to descend upon the plain. 
The sites of most of the Glamorgan castles are known, 
and of many of them the ruins remain, though they 
rarely contain masonry of an earlier date than the reign 
of Henry IIL Cardiff, however, boasts a shell keep of 
Norman date, as is probably its immense outer wall, 
attributed to Robert Earl of Gloucester. The annals 
of Margam attribute the buUding of the town of Cardiff 
to the previous reign, but Cardiff is certainly a much 
older place, and probably was founded when the Boman 
road was laid out, to guard the passage of the River 
Taff. The earthworks of the Cattle were originally 
rectangular, and probably the work of the Romanised 
Britons, on the withdrawal of the Legions. The mound, 
like that of Caerleon, is certainly the work of later 
invaders from England. Ogmore has a square keep 
of undoubted Norman pattern, doubtless the work of 
the first or second de Londres ; and at Penllyne are 
fragments of a similar keep, containing some ciuious, 
and it may be, early, herring-bone work, and possibly 

D 2 



36 THE LAND OF MORGAN : 

Earl Robert's work, and so a little earlier than even 
Robert Norris, who seems to have been the first, or 
a very early, grantee. At Newcastle by Bridgend are 
the gateway and the original wall of a castle, certainly 
early, because it gives name to the parish, and the 
masonry of which is evidently of Norman date and 
very peculiar in the pattern of its mouldings. Here, as 
generally in the Norman buildings in Glamorgan, 
iutton stone is employed. It is uncertain by whom 
Newcastle was built. The name of Oldcastle is pre- 
served in the adjacent town of Bridgend, though 
where it precisely was, or what it was, is not known. 

Of Early English castles the rectangular keep at 
Fonmon, still inhabited, is the best, and indeed the 
only tolerably perfect example. The base of the tower 
of Whitchurch is in that style, as is part of Coyty; 
and in the foundations of Sully Castle, opened some 
years ago, were Early English fragments. Also, in 
the centre of the later house of Dunraven, some 
masonry of Early English aspect is walled in, and is 
probably part of the castle of Arnold Butler. 

During the troubled reign of Henry III, a great age 
for castle building in Wales, many strong places m 
Glamorgan seem to have been renewed. Castell Coch 
and CaerphiUy were then built ; and to that reign or 
that of Edward I are due the fine gateways at Neath 
and Llanblethian, a smaller one at Barry, parts of 
Cardiff and Morlais, the ancient wall of St. Fagans, 
and probably the fragment at Llantrissant. The gate 
house of the old episcopal palace at Llandaff is excellent 
Decorated. Those of Pencoed and Castleton are appa- 
rently later. The central building at Cardiff and the 
polygonal tower, now, alas ! dwarfed and buried under 
modern additions, were the work of Richard Beau- 
champ, Earl of Warwick, the builder of a similar but 
far grander tower at that castle. St. Donats, the most 
complete castle in South Wales, is very late, as is much 
of Coyty. Besides these, of doubtfiil date are Dinas 
Powis, the fragments of St. George's and Peterston, 



ITS CONQUEST AND ITS CONQUEROES. 37 

parts of Kenfig, Pemnark, and Castleton, the ditches 
and a few fragments of Talavan and Bonvileston, and 
the foundations of Llanquian. Avan, Wenvoe, and 
Wrinston are utterly gone. At Van, Beauprfe, Cogan- 
Pill, Cardiff, Cadoxton, West Orchard, Aberthin, 
Llanveithin, Llanvihangel, Llantrithyd, Pencoed, Caer- 
wiggau, Sutton, and Llancayach are ancient houses, 
some very perfect. Camllwyd is excellent Decorated, 
as is Cantleston and part of Flimston, where the court 
has an embattled wall. At Castell-y-Mynach are re- 
mains of the Hall, and in the walls of the Manorial 
House of Talygam, lately recast, were found windows 
of the time of Henry V. 

Many of the churches, and notably the cathedral, 
contain Norman work; and in others, where the church 
has been rebuilt, the font and the holy water stoop, on 
a stunted column, are of that date. Throughout the 
lordship most churchyards retain the polygonal stepped 
base of a cross, and of some such crosses the shaft is 
preserved, and of one or two the actual carved stone 
which formed the apex, and represented the crucifixion. 
In the churchyard of St. Donats is one of these crosses 
of remarkable elegance. It has been copied at Llandaff, 
but in dimensions, and placed in a position, entirely fatal 
to its effect. There also remain a few of the upright 
shafts of crosses of an earlier date, carved in bold basket 
work patterns, and usually set upright in the ground 
without base or pedestal. Time, neglect, and the 
labours, not uncalled for, of the diocesan architect are 
annually bringing about the destruction of these re- 
mains and, what is, archaeologically, much the same 
thing, the restoration of the ancient edifices. 

The ffentry and yeomanry of the lordship, that is, 
those who have any real claim to antiquity of descent, 
are still divided into the pure Welsh and the descend- 
ants of the Norman settlers. The genealogies of these 
settlers, "Advense" as they are styled in the local 
pedigree books, are scarcely so well preserved as those 
of the corresponding class in England, but their estates 



38 THE LAND OF MORGAN : 

have usually been known, and their possession of a 
surname gives a faciUty for tracing their descent which 
does not extend to the natives. The Welsh genealogies 
pretend to far higher antiquity, and are recorded with 
much greater fiilness of detail. Unfortunately their 
compilers — it were discourteous, perhaps unjust, to say 
their authors — seldom condescend to mention the place 
of residence of the families, or to introduce a date. 
These omissions — ^the absence of surnames — and the 
very limited number of Christian names in use, and 
theu" frequent repetition in the same family, not to 
mention the frequent introduction of a train of natural 
children, and the names and pedigrees of their mothers, 
reduce an English genealogist to despair. " Oh!" said 
a late Garter, indicating the genealogical MSS. left to 
the College of Arms by Sir Isaac Heard, " Oh ! those 
are Welsh pedigrees ; we have nothing to say to them." 
In truth the Welsh counties were seldom, if ever, in- 
cluded in the Visitations of the English Heralds. 

And yet these Welsh genealogies are really extremely 
curious, and for the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries 
probably fairly true. To what extent the Welsh bards 
preserved private pedigrees is unknown, but, no doubt, 
Welsh genealogy received a great impulse on the acces- 
sion of the House of Tudor, and in consequence of the 
inquiries set on foot by Henry VII, and by the Her- 
berts. Still the extant manuscripts, of which there 
are many, are rarely, if ever, older than the reign of 
Elizabeth, and more generally, date from those of the 
1st James and Charles. Looking to the genealogies 
of Glamorgan, what is most remarkable is the small 
number of stocks whence the native families are said 
to be derived. These are mainly five only; Jestyn 
ap Gwrgan, Einion ap CoUwyn, Bleddyn ap Maen- 
arch, Gwilim ap Jenkyn, Llewelyn ap Ivor, and 
Gwaethvoed. From these are deduced from three to 
four hundred distinct families. Roughly, it may be 
stated, from Caradoc ap Jestyn, 26; from Rhys, 12; 
from Madoc, 30 ; and from Griffith ap Jestyn, 3. 
Einion ap Collwyn, notwithstanding the stigma at- 



ITS CONQUEST AND ITS CONQUERORS. 39 

tached to his name, is recorded as the ancestor of 
99 families; Bleddyn ap Maenarch of 46, besides 
those pertaining to Brecknock; Gwilim ap Jenkyn, 
74 ; Llewelyn ap Ivor, 23 ; and Cydrich and Aiaan 
ap Gwaethvoed, 21 and 50. Besides these were a 
few others, families of no great note, whose remote 
ancestor is not recorded, and who chiefly inhabited the 
hill country north of Bridgend and Margam. 

Of the descendants of the above patriarchs, among 
the best known were, from Caradoc, Avan of Avan, 
Evans of Gnoll and Eagle's Bush, Pryce of Briton 
Ferry, Williams of Blaen-Baglan, Thomas of Bettws, 
and Longhor of Tythegston. From Rhys ap Jestyn 
came WUliams of Dufl&rn-Clydach, Penry of Reeding, 
and Llewelyn of Yms-y-Gerwn. From Madoc ap 
Jestyn, Llewelyn of Caerwiggau, and the nmnerous 
descendants of levan Mady. From Einion sprang 
Gibbon of Trecastle, Prichard of CoUenna, Price of 
Glyn Nedd, Prichard of Ynis Arwed, Powell of Loy- 
daxth, Energlyn, Maesteg, and Baydon, Cradock of 
Swansea and of Cheriton, and Powell of Llandow. 
Bleddyn ap Maenarch was the forefather of Jenkins of 
Hensol, Grijffith Gwyr, Penry of Lanedi, Williams of 
Bettws, Llewelyn of Ynis Simoon, Evans of Cilvae, 
Jones of Fonmon, Price of Penllergaer, Gethyn of 
Glyn Tawe, Bowen of Comt House and Kittle, Powell 
of Swansea and Seys of Boverton. Of all these the 
only known descendants in the legitimate male line are 
Evans of Eagle's Bush, Prichard of Collenna, and Jones 
of Fonmon. _ 

From Gwilim ap Jenkyn sprang the very copious 
race of Herbert, of whom about seventy-four distinct 
branches may be traced, very many settled in Glamor- 
gan under various names, of whom were Raglan of 
CamUwydd, Gwyn of Llansannor, Thomas of Llanvi- 
hangel and Pwllyvrach, Herbert of CardiflP, of Cogan, 
and of Cilybebill. 

Llewelyn ap Ivor was of Tredegar, whence came a 
number of families, almost all bearing the name of 



40 THE LAND OF MORGAN : 

Morgan, of whom were those of Goed-y-Gores, Pen- 
llwynsarth, Rubina, Ruperra, and Cilfynydd. 

Gwaethvoed was the finitfiil stock of Mathew of 
Llandaff, with about twenty-three cadet branches, of 
which the most conspicuous were those of Radir, 
Aberaman, Castell-y-Mynach, St-y-Nill, Maes Mawr, 
and Miros. These came from Aidan. From Gweristan 
ap Gwaethfoed came Thomas of Blaenbradach, a house 
unusually bare of cadet branches ; and from Cydrich ap 
Gwaethvoed the immensely numerous family of Lewis 
of Van, of whom may be mentioned Williams otherwise 
Cromwell, Prichard of Llancayach, and the Lewises of 
Cilvach-Vargoed, Penmark, Lvstalybont, Glyn Taff, 
Llanishen, Newhouse, and Greenmeadow or Pant- 
wynlas, besides a flourishing branch in the United 
States represented by Mr. W. F. Lewis of Phila- 
delphia. The elder branch, but in the female line 
only, is represented by Lord Windsor, the owner of 
Van. Of the strangers from England there remains 
extant in unbroken male descent, one only. Basset of 
Bonvileston, whose ancestor came in about the time 
of Richard I. Of the original Welsh families in male 
descent there remain two only, Lewis of Pantwynlas, 
and Thomas of Blaenbradach. 

It is to be regretted that these Welsh genealogies 
have not received a critical examination. It is true 
that they are without dates, and present but few of the 
points by which an English pedigree can be checked 
and proved; but allowance must be made for the 
habits of the people, who had little idea of the accu- 
racy derived from records. Here and there, where a 
name occurs in the county records, as in the Fine and 
Docket book of the great Sessions, or where a will has 
been preserved in the Llandaff registry, they can be 
proved to be correct. For the rest it may be said that 
they seem probable enough; the number of descents 
given through the thirteenth, fourteenth, and fifteenth 
centuries is not, on the face of it, fabulous ; and in the 
various manuscripts there is neither enough coincidence 



ITS CONQUEST AND ITS CONQUERORS. . 41 

to indicate collusion, nor sufficient difference to destroy 
all belief. Unfortunately, neither Sir T. Phillipps nor 
Sir S. Meyrick, though they printed collections of 
genealogies, knew or cared enough about the matter 
to edit them; that is, to collate and compare the 
several versions, and to seek and import such collateral 
evidence as might be found. 

There is no other part of the kingdom in which so 
marked a line still remains drawn between the residents 
of pure British descent and the settlers from England, 
even after centuries of residence, much intermarriage, 
and no difference of religion. What is at this time 
in progress, the opening up of the coal field, and the 
construction of docks and railways, is doing much to 
break up the peculiarities of the county. The limits of 
manors are no longer preserved. Manor courts are 
rarely held ; copyholds are becoming enfranchised; chief 
rents abolished by mutual consent and composition. 
On the other hand, though the "Jura regalia" and 
Marcher prerogatives were withheld from the an- 
cestors of the present owner of Cardiff Castle, his 
rights of common and to minerals have been preserved, 
and constitute a very valuable property. 



42 



THE CHIEF LORDS. 

EARLS ROBERT AND WILLIAM OF GLOUCESTER. 



BoBERT Fitz-Hamon, of whom and his conquest some- 
thing has abeady been said, married Sybil, a daughter 
of Roger de Montgomery, and sister to Robert de 
Belesme, and by her had four daughters. At the 
instance of his wife he endowed the old Mercian 
foundation of Tewkesbury, founded in 715, and of 
which Brichtric had been the patron; and this so 
liberally that he was ever regarded as the real founder. 
He found it subject to Cranboum in Dorset, but re- 
versed their relative position by the removal of the 
Cranbourn Priory to the new establishment, of which 
it was continued as a cell only. The new Tewkesbiuy 
was founded in 1102, and was confirmed by William 
Rufiis in a charter of which Fitz-Hamon was one of 
the witnesses, as he was also of that king's charters 
to St. Peter's, Bath, and to the chiu:ch of loncoln, both 
preserved among the public records. Robert's charter 
was again confirmed by Henry I, Robert and his 
brother Hamon being witnesses; and the same king 
granted a second charter after Robert s death, in which 
he inserted a donation for the weal of his fiiend's soul. 
This is the charter in which is mentioned the parish 
church of St. Mary at Cardiff, and the chapel of the 
castle there. Sybil occurs in the foundation charter of 
Neath Abbey, on the Calends of October 1159, and, with 
her husband, in his charter to Abingdon. In 1101 
Fitz-Hamon witnessed the charter known as the " In- 
fltitutiones Henrici regis" ; at least his name occurs in 
the Worcestershire version. In what is supposed to 
be the only extant charter by Fitz-Hamon relating to 



THE CHIEF LOBDS. 43 

Cardiff, he gives to the monks of Tewkesbury an arm of 
the Taff at Cardiff for a fishery, and the donation is wit- 
nessed by his wife. As early as 1064 his name appears in 
Normandy, in the Bayeux Charters, and again in 1074. 

Robert built the tower and much of the existing 
church of Tewkesbury, dedicating it to St. Mary, by 
the hands of the Bishop of Worcester, 23 October 
1123. Gerald d'Avranches was the first abbot. Among 
the endowments were St. Mary's church, the castle 
chapel, and lands and tithes in Cardiff; a fishery, 
meadow, and village on the Taff; and the tithes held 
by Fitz-Hamon's barons in Wales. To St. Peter's at 
Gloucester he gave the church of St. Cadoc in Llan- 
carvan, with Treyguff ; gifts confirmed by Stephen in 
1158. He gave also fifteen hides of land in Penhon 
or Penon. Among Fitz-Hamon's wide possessions 
occurs the manor of Kyme, near Boston, now con- 
spicuous for its ancient brick tower, which manor 
was held by Balph de Kyme, and afterwards under the 
Earls of Gloucester by PhUip, and, 11th of John, by 
Simon de Kyme. — (-466. Plac., 65.) 

Fitz-Hamon was faithftd to Henry as he had been to 
Ruftis. His last public appearance was at the battle 
of Tinchbrai, 28 September 1106, where a spear wound 
in his temple reduced him to imbecility, in which con- 
dition he died in the following year, March 1107. Mai- 
mesbury says, " Hebetatusque in^enio non pauco tem- 
pore quasi captus mente supervixit." He had been 
taken prisoner in 1105, and Henry, to release him, had 
burned the town of Bayeux and its principal church. 
Heavy offences, " Sed utrique, ut speramus, purgabile 
ftiit." His body was laid in the chapter nouse at 
Tewkesbury, whence it was translated to the presby- 
tery of the church by Abbot Robert in 1240-1, and 
over it, in 1397, a chapel or oratory was constructed 
by Parker, the eighteenth abbot. His descendants, 
Lords of Glamorgan, were always recognised as patrons 
of the abbey, and exercised the usual rights on the 
election of each new abbot. It was also the burial 
place of the de Clares and le Despensers. 



44 THE LAND OF MORGAN: 

The inheritance was not at that time thought to be 
so large as to be dangerous to the peace of the kingdom, 
and to require to be divided. Henry, moreover, had his 
own views concerning it. Of the daughters. Cicely and 
Hawise became Abbesses of Shaftesbury and Wilton. 
Amice is said to have married the Earl of Bretagne, 
but seems to have died early and childless. Mabel, 
caQed Sybil by William of Jumieges, was regarded as 
the sole heiress and treated accordingly. She was the 
great match of her day, inheriting the Honour of Glou- 
cester and the Lordship of Glamorgan, her father's 
other lands, and those of her imcle, Hamo Dapifer,^ in 
England and Normandy. The latter possessions in- 
cluded Thorigny, on the borders of Bayeux and Cout- 
ances, two miles from the boundary stream of La Vire. 
Here, at a later period, her husband built a large and 
strong castle. 

It has been stated that Henry revived his mother's 
claim to Brichtric's ancient Honour, and it has been 
supposed, but on weak authority, that most of the 
lands were male fiefs, and as such would revert to the 
Crown. Probably, however, Henry was content with 
the wardship of the lands and the "maritagium" of the 
heiress, and allowed them to vest in her. Certain it is 
that Mabel exercised rights of ownership, both during 
her married life and her widowhood. 

The husband selected for Mabel was the eldest of 
Henry's natural sons, by name Robert, and distin- 
guished, probably from his birth-place, as Robert of 
Caen. The general belief has long been that his 
mother was Nest, a daughter of Rhys of Twdwr, who 
certainly lived with the king for some time, and who 
had from her father the Lordship of Caerau or Carew 

^ This statement, which there seems no reason to doubt, assumes 
that Hamo died, at the latest, soon after his niece's marriage, but a 
" Hamo dapifer " witnessed a precept by Henry I concerning Savigny 
Abbey in 1112, and a charter by Hugh Wade in 1168, and other 
documents in Normandy. He is called " Dapifer " or " Pincenia", 
indifferently. Who was he ? 



THE CHIEF LORDS. 45 

in Pembrokeshire, and by her husband, Gerald de 
Windsor, was ancestress of that family, who derived 
their surname from their office of Castellan of Windsor 
Castle. Lappenberg, who accepts Nest as Robert's 
mother, thus accounts for the number of Welsh who 
followed him to the battle of Lincoln, and PaJgrave 
rests upon it a circumstantial narrative, but there is no 
evidence for the fact, which moreover was not accepted 
by Dugdale. 

The dates of Robert's birth and marriage are unre- 
corded, and can only be inferred. He was certainly 
bom before his father's accession in 1100, and he seems 
to have been the eldest of Henry's many natural chil- 
dren. Henry himself was bom in 1068. Robert's 
daughter was married to the Earl of Chester shortly 
before the battle of Lincoln in 1141, but as women 
were then married early, this proves little. In 1140, 
according to the Gesta Stephanie after the capture of 
the Devizes, Robert's son was sent to share the custody 
of the castle. About 1142, Philip, another son, is spoken 
of as taking an active part on his father's side, and he 
was married to a niece or granddaughter of Roger de 
Berkeley. Supposing Philip bom about 1120, and not 
the eldest son, it seems possible that Robert may have 
married as early as 1116-17, or even a few years earlier.^ 
Such is the conclusion of Mr. Floyd, who has worked 
out the point with his usual saefacity. This would ffive 
the administration of the estatS to the Crown for afi)ut 
ten years. K the marriage took place in 1 1 1 7, the lady, 
Fitz-Hamon's eldest daughter, could not have been less 
than fourteen, and was probably nearer twenty. Henry 
was no doubt well aware of the great abUities of his son, 
and thought hhn a safe man to wield so great and 
peculiar a power. 

The wooing was conducted by the King in person, 
and, if faithfully related by Robert of Gloucester, gives 
a high notion of the lady's good sense : — 

^ In 114S he witnessed a Charter by Henry I to Savigny, as 
** Robertas 61ius regis." — Gall, Christ. ^ xi, 112. 



46 THE LAND OF MORGAN: 

'^ The kynge of soghte hyre sajth jnon, so that atten end 
Mabyle hjm answerde . . /' 

She told him his wooing was more for what she had 
than for herself, and that with such an heritage she 
ought not to marry a lover unless he had two names, 
that is, a Christian name and a surname, and that as 
Fitz-Hamon's daughter she could ask no less. 

" So vayr erytage, as ych abbe, yt were me gret saame, 
Yor to abbe an loverd, bote he adde an tuo name." 

Henry admits this, and says his son shall be called 
" Robert le Fitz le Roy," a surname which, however, 
he does not seem ever to have borne. Then, with an 
eye to the fixture, Mabel asks what their son is to be 
called. 

" Robert Erie of Gloucestre hys name ssal be, and ys, 
Vor he ssal be Erie of Gloucestre, and hys eyrs ywys." 

She answers — 

" well lyketh me thys 
In this forme ycholle, that all my thyng be hys. 

..... 
This was erlene hondred yer, and in the yer eyght. 

..... 
And of the kynges crounement in the (ninthe) yere 
That the Torst Erie of Gloucestre thus was ymad there 
Robert, that spoused the ryght eyr, King Henry's sone, 
That vor hys gode dede worth, ych wene evere in mone." 

MaJmesbury says of the Countess — " She was a noble 
and excellent woman, a lady devoted to her husband, 
and blest with a numerous and beautifiil progeny." 

The actual conferring of the title seems to have 
followed the marriage, and Robert certainly bore it 
1119, 20th Henry I. In the chronicles of that period 
the northern title of Earl is often rendered by the 
Latin *' Consul", and Earl Robert is often called Consul 
of Gloucester, or " Robert Consul". 

Diuring the sixteen or more years that passed between 
this creation and Henry s death, Robert's chief attention 
seems to have been given to his Welsh lordship, and 
whatever Fitz-Hamon may have achieved in subduing 



THE CHIEF LORDS. 47 

the natives, the real work of organizing and administer- 
ing the conquest, and providing defences for the con- 
auemi territoiy. seems to hav^leen in a great measure 
the work of Earl Robert. Fitz-Hamon must necessarily 
have provoked much personal enmity, and his close at- 
tendance upon Rufiis, and his large estates in Normandy, 
probably occupied most of his time during the seven- 
teen years in which he survived his conquest ; nor is 
there any tradition or material trace of any, even mili- 
tary, work in Glamorgan which can be ascribed to him. 
Earl Robert, on the other hand, was not associated 
with any of the acts of violence connected with the 
conquest, and his royal connection, vast power, and 
the great moderation of his character, were all calcu- 
lated to lead the Welsh to submit to his rule. He 
allowed the men in the hills to retain unmolested their 
" Moes-y-Devod", or local customs, to which they were 
attached. The sons of Jestyn were confirmed in their 
possessions, as was Cynfrig, whose two descendants, 
levan David ap Llewelyn Vachan, and Morgan 
Llewelyn ap levan Mady, were the patriarchs of 
the numerous families who dwelt in Miscin. The 
Welsh Lord of Sensfhenydd was allowed to retain his 
patrimony, and witl it a power, which in the next 
generation became troublesome. On the whole, the 
Welsh of Morgan wg seem to have accepted the inevit- 
able, and to have respected the lord's demesne lands 
and those of his dependents ; and that they were, on 
the whole, peaceable subjects, and that there was a 
disposition to give them fair play, may be perhaps 
inferred from the constitution of the local inquests in 
the succeeding century, when, even in the districts 
bordering on the hUls, the jurors were almost all 
Welshmen. The conquest was, however, far too re- 
cent, and the Welsh spirit far too jealous of control, to 
allow the lord's authority to rest alone upon an equit- 
able system of government. Earl Robert, who is known 
to have built Bristol Castle, is reported also to have 
built that of Cardiff, and the material evidence of the 



48 THE LAND OF MORGAN: 

polygonal keep and of the outer wall is in harmony 
with this tradition. The castle was certainly a place 
of great strength, when, in 1126, Duke Robert was 
removed from the Devizes and placed in charge of the 
Earl, who lodged him first at Bristol, and very soon 
afterwards at Cardiff, where he died in 1134, having, 
it is said, lost his eyesight, — 

" In Cardiff he a captive lay, 
Whose windows were but niggard of their light." 

That he was imprisoned in the castle may be assumed, 
but the keep is the only extant partof it which could then 
have been standing. The tower which goes by his name, 
and in which he is said to have died, is certainly later. 
Earl Robert seems also to have built a castle at Llan- 
trissant, and the accounts of the Lordship in 1184 
show that the castles of Newport, Kenfig, and Neath 
were at that time regularly established fortresses. 
Penllyne keep, with its herring-bone masonry, is pro- 
bably a work of Earl Robert's time, although the 
Norrises do not appear to have held the fief until 
Robert Norris received it from William, the Earl's 
successor, whose vicecomes he was. The older remains 
of the castles of Sully, Fonmon, Castleton, Dunraven, 
and Ogmore, the seats of the families of Sully, St. 
John, Nerberd, Butler, and De Londres, point to the 
same period, as do the walls and gate of the castle 
of Newcastle, and the oldest part of the Turberville 
castle of Coyty. 

Earl Robert's rule also produced works of a more 

gacific character. In 1147 he founded the Abbey of 
[argam and endowed it with lands between Kenfig 
and the Avan. To de Granville's foundation of Neath 
Abbey, to which he succeeded as patron, he gave 
Ponte and Blackscarr. These two foundations, though 
occasionally attacked by the Welsh, were, on tne 
whole, popular with them, and received from the 
native lords very large additions to their possessions. 
Also, in 1126, he healed a long open sore between 



THE CHIEF LORDS. 49 

the lords of Glamorgan and their bishops. Besides 
other concessions, the Earl gave a fishery on the Ely, 
one hundred acres of cultivable land in the marsh 
between Taff and Ely, the right to take timber from 
certain forests for the repairs of the church, and the 
chapel of Stuntaff or Whitchurch, the parishioners of 
which he allowed to attend Llandaff at Christmas, 
Easter, and Pentecost, and to be buried in Llandaff, 
with other concessions. The Bishop, on his part, 
agreed to set aside divers complaints he had to make, 
and so to adjust his sluice that the passage of the 
river should not be impeded, save in times of flood, 
from above or below. The jurisdiction of the Bishop's 
manor court was settled, and it was agreed that 
ordeals by fire, judicia ferri, should be tried at Llan- 
daff, and by water, fossa judidalis aqua, on the 
Bishop's land near Cardiff Castle. Judicial duels be- 
tween mixed parties were to be fought out in the 
castle, but those between the Bishop's people only 
were to be fought at Llandaff. The concord was 
drawn up before the King with great formality, and 
among the witnesses are found, besides many Bishops 
and great nobles, Archdeacon Uchtred, Isaac the 
Bishop's chaplain, Richard Vicecomes de Kardi, Pagan 
de Turberville, Eodbert Fitz-Roger, Richard de St. 
Quintin, Maurice de Londres, Odo Sor, and Gauff: de 
MaisL 

Earl Robert's attention to his Welsh lordship did 
not lead him to neglect the interests of his father. 
He served with Henry at the battle of Brennevile 
in 1119, and was at the taking of By ton Castle 
in 1122, and in 1127 was among those who swore 
in Henry's presence an oath of allegiance to his 
daughter, a pledge which he amply redeemed, though 
supposed by some writers to have had an eye himself 
to the succession. 

Neath Abbey was founded about 1129 by Richard 
de Granville, Fitz-Hamon's chief baron, and probably 
his near relative. The foundation charter is not dated, 

E 



50 THE LAND OF MORGAN: 

but it runs in the names of Richaxd de Granville and 
Constantia his wife, and provides for the weal of Robert, 
Earl of Gloucester, Mabel his wife, and William their 
son. Amongst the witnesses were Richard de St. 
Quintin, Robert de Umfraville, Pagan de Turberville, 
William Pincema, and Robert de Granville, all Gla- 
morgan Barons ; and the Earl undertook to guard and 
defend the gifts. 

Henry died Dec. 1st, 1135, and, it is stated by 
Orderic, placed, on his death bed, in the hands of 
Robert £60,000 for the payment of his household and 
immediate followers. His death was followed, April 15, 
1136, by a rising in South Wales, in which Richard 
Fitz-Gilbert, son of the conqueror of Cardigan, was 
slain. The Welsh inburst was severe. Whether they 
actually recovered Gower from Henry de Bellomont is 
uncertain, but they destroyed many castles, churches, 
and houses, and slaughtered both rich and poor. This 
is the rising that seems to have caused de Granville to 
retire from Neath to his Devon lordship, leaving his 
fief in the hands of his chief lord. Giraldus says, 
after crossing the Nedd " we proceeded towards the 
River Lochor, through the plain in which Howel ap 
Meredith of Brecknock, after the death of Henry I, 
gained a signal victory over the English," and Florence 
of Worcester mentions a severe battle fought in Gower 
Jan. 1, 1136, between the Normans and the Welsh, 
after which the main inroad occurred and Richard 
Fitz-Gilbert fell. The Welsh occupation of Gower 
must have rendered De Granville's position on the 
Nedd one of great danger, and it was probably under 
this pressure tnat he retired. 

Earl Robert returned to England with Henry's 
corpse, and probably at that time regarded Matilda s 
cause as hopeless, for he made terms with Stephen, 
and gave in his allegiance, though upon conditions 
which gave to his adhesion a great air of equality. 
In 1136 his name, as Robert, Earl of Gloucester, 
appears as a witness to Stephen's Charter de liberta- 



THE CHIEF LORDS. 51 

tibits, etc. In 1138 he received from Stephen a confir- 
mation of Fitz-Hamon's gifts to St. Peter's, Gloucester, 
and those of St. Michael's, Ogmore, and St. Bride's, 
which a letter of Henry, Bishop of Winchester, Papal 
Legate in 1139-1148, mentions as proceeding from 
Maurice de Londres. The Legate's letter relates to 
a chapel built in Llancarvan parish contrary to the 
wish of the Abbot of St. Peter's, and in which the 
Bishop is directed not to allow service to be performed. 
This letter is enforced by one of a similar character 
from Archbishop Theobald. According to the Glou- 
cester cartulary, the donations of Maurice, son of 
William de Londres, were made in 1141, but if the 
date of Stephen's charter be correct, this must have 
been a confirmation only. The donations were St. 
Michael of Ewenny, St. Bride's with the chapel of 
Ogmore of Lanfey, and the churches of St. Michael's 
of Colveston (Colwinston), of Oystermouth in Gower, 
and of Penbrae. 

In 1138 Earl Robert built Bristol Castle, a very 
strong fortress, at the iunction of the Frome with the 

long been destroyed, save a crypt. It is said to have 
had a rectangular keep, which, in such a position, is 
probable, and of which the well has been recently dis- 
covered. The keep was faced with Caen stone. In 
the following year, late in the summer, the Earl 
brought over his sister to England, landing at Ports- 
mouth, whence he lodged her at Arundel, the polygonal 
keep and gatehouse of which had recently been con- 
structed by William d'Albini, who had married Adeliza, 
the second wife and widow of Henry I. On hearing of 
the Empress's arrival, Stephen at once broke up the 
siege of Marlborough and appeared before Arundel. 
By some accounts, his courtesy was such that he 
allowed her to retire. with her brother to Walling- 
ford, to Brian Fitz-Count, whence she went to Milo, 
the Constable of England, at Gloucester, and thence, 
as a very strong retreat, to Bristol. Early in October 
Earl Robert's preparations were completed, and in 

E 2 



52 THE LAND OF MORGAN: 

December, while Stephen was attacking Wallingford 
by means of a great wooden tower or malvoisin^ he 
took Worcester, and, in the following April, Notting- 
ham. Stephen in the meantime had attacked and 
failed before Bristol, and had ravaged a part of the 
Honour of Gloucester, in Somerset. In 1141 Robert 
lodged some of his English hostages with the Count of 
Anjou, Matilda's husband; and in the same year he 
fought the battle of Lincoln, having led into the field 
a large body of Welshmen, this being probably the 
first time that the Norman Lord of Glamorgan had 
been so supported. Stephen, there taken captive, was 
sent to Bristol Castle, and soon afterwards, at Oxford, 
Matilda created Milo of Gloucester Earl of Hereford, 
Earl Robert attesting the creation. In this year 
Maurice de Londres granted St. Michael's Church at 
Ewenny to Gloucester, with St. Bride's Lanfey, Oyster- 
mouth, and the chapels of Ogmore and St. Michael of 
Colveston. 

These successes led to conduct injurious to the 
character and cause of the Empress, who disgusted 
her supporters, and in consequence had to flee to 
Winchester, where she held the royal castle at one 
end of the city, and laid siege to the bishop in his 
castle of Wolvesey at the other. Here, before long, 
she was blockaded by Stephen's Mends, and between 
them and the bishop was so pressed, that she escaped, 
it is said, in a coffin, and reached Gloucester, while 
Earl Robert, covering her flight, was taken and com- 
mitted to the castle at Rochester, whence he was 
speedily exchanged for Stephen. The war was con- 
tmued; the Earl finistrated Stephen's attempts upon 
Wallingford, then one of the strongest places in the 
south of England, as indeed its extant earthworks 
still testify, and he also hovered over Stephen's march 
to Winchester, and much impeded his movements. 

The Earl next revisited the continent and brought 

^ Sometimes, however, as at the siege of Bamborough, the malvoi- 
iin seems to have been an earthwork. 



THE CHIEF LORDS. 53 

over Geoffrey Plantagenet, landing at Wareham, where 
with some difficulty and delay he took the castle. In 
1143, July 1, he attacked Stephen at Wilton and 
drove him out, and Count Geoffrey returned to Anjou, 
taking with him Henry, the future king. 

In 1145, died Richard the first Abbot of Neath. In 
1146, Bishop Uchtred of Llandaff relates in a charter 
how in this year, by the mediation and concession of 
Earl Robert, peace was established between the Bishop 
and the Abbot and Monks of Tewkesbury, the Bishop 
giving consent to their holding all the tithes and 
benefices given, or to be given, lawfuUy to them in 
his diocese, and they yielding to the Bishop their tithe 
of the cultivated demesne in the moor between Taff 
and Ely, and two parts of the tithe of Merthyr-Mawr 
and that attached to St. John's Chapel. Further, 
saving to Llandaff its own claim, they consent to allow 
to the Bishops of Llandaff a right of burial at Tewkes- 
bury, of which privilege however they did not avail 
themselves. Twenty years before this the Earl had 
settled his own differences with Urban, the Bishop's 
predecessor, in an amicable manner, and some time 
afterwards Bishop Uchtred's concord was in like 
manner confirmed by Bishop Nicholas, who succeeded 
him. 

Also in 1146 the Abbot and Convent of Gloucester 
farmed out for five years, for a fine of £80 in silver, 
Penon, with the Church of Llancarvan, to Robert 
Harding, with power to determine the agreement on 
a rateable repayment. This agreement was witnessed 
by the Earl with the whole comitatus of Cardiff. 
Afterwards, during the episcopate of Bishop Nicholas, 
1153-1183, the Abbot let Treygoff and the Church 
of Llancarvan, saving the tithe, to Archdeacon Urban, 
at 605. per annum. Soon afterwards, however, the 
archdeacon, probably feeling a scruple of conscience 
about the matter, with the Bishop's consent renounced 
his lease. 

Earl Robert, after having borne the brunt of the 



54 THE LAND OF MORGAN: 

civil war, was denied the satisfaction of witnessing the 
close of it, and his nephew's accession. He died at 
Bristol in October 1147, seven years before the pacifi- 
cation of Wallingford and the death of Stephen, and 
was buried in the Priory of St. James, his own founda- 
tion. Earl Robert also founded Margam in 1147, the 
last year of his life. In 1148 Bishop Uchtred died, 
and was succeeded at Llandaff by Nicholas, son of 
Bishop Gwrgan. Uchtred seems to nave been married ; 
at least his daughter Angharad was the wife of Jor- 
worth ap Owain of Caerleon. 

Earl Ilobert was one of the greatest soldiers and 
most prudent, or perhaps astute, statesmen of his day. 
Whatever, under other circumstances, he may possibly 
have intended, he was a loyal promoter of his sister s 
interests, and did much to correct or rather to check 
her weak but imperious character. Like his father 
Beauclerc, he was a great patron of literature and 
himself a man of letters. He was the friend of Caradoc 
of Llancarvan, and probably the cause of the Norman 
bias of that historian. To him GeoflBrey of Monmouth 
dedicated his version of the Brut^ and William of 
Malmesbury his history, attributing to him the mag- 
nanimity of his grandsire the Conqueror, the munifi- 
cence of his uncle William Rufus, and the circumspec- 
tion of his father. It was unfortunate for the good 
government of Glamorgan that English affairs occupied 
so much of the latter part of his life. 

Besides his Welsh endowments, Earl Robert was 
a liberal benefactor to the church upon his English 
estates. He founded the Priory of St. James at 
Bristol, in the choir of which he was buried, and 
where his effigy carved in wood, though probably not 
quite of contemporary date, is still preserved. To 
St. Peter's at Gloucester he gave, 1130-39, Treygoff, 
and in a later charter, 1139-47, he confirmed Treygoff 
with Penon and the church of Llancarvan, and to 
Ewenny the gifts of Maurice de Londres, all for the 
weal of his soul and that of Mabel his countess, who 



THE CHIEF LORDS. 55 

witnessed the charter. In it Robert styles himself 
" Robertns regis filius Gloucestriae Consul". In another 
longer charter, probably of the same date, he confirms 
the gifts of Maurice de Londres and Gilbert de Turber- 
ville to Ewennv, and adds twenty-one acres of arable 
land outside the gates of Kenfig. He also confirms 
his quittance of toll to Ewenny. All this he does 
"amore beati Michaelis archiangeli". Earl Robert 
is said to have built a castle at Faringdon in Berk- 
shire, but this was probably a slight and temporary 
work, it may be of timber. 

Countess Mabel survived her husband ten years, 
during which time she seems to have acted with 
authority in Glamorgaii. Her earUest charter as a 
Widow, given probably in 1147, is a confirmation to 
St. Peter's of Gloucester, and commences " M : Comi- 
tissa Gloucestriae, et Willelmus comes, filius ejus, 
Willelmo filio Stephani constabulario suo, etc." Fitz- 
Stephen was constable of Cardiff Castle. The lands 
confirmed are Treygoff, Llancarvan, and Penon. Mabel 
also gave to St. Augustin's, Bristol, sixty acres of land 
in the marsh of Rhymny ; and in Earl William's charter 
to Neath, he adds the assent and consent of Mabel his 
mother. She died in 1157. 

Her children were: — 1, William; 2, Roger, Bishop 
of Worcester in 1164; he was Henry's messenger to 
Rome after Becket's murder in 1167, and died at Tours 
Aug. 9, 1179; 3, Hamo, who witnessed his brother's 
foundation of Ardennes in 1139 as "Hamo filius comitis 
Gloucestriae", and who died at the siege of Thoulouse 
in 1159 ; 4, Philip, who married a daughter of Roger 
Lord Berkeley, and latterly took part with ^Stephen ; 
5, A son mentioned by William of Jumieges, ana who 
probably was the ''Richard, son of Robert, Earl of 
Gloucester", who, says Orderic, received in 1135 the 
Bishopric of Bayeux. As bishop, in 1 138, he witnessed 
a deed of commutation, between Roger, Abbot of 
Fecamp, and Earl Robert, concerning the priory of 
GUves (?), and in the same year founded Ardennes, an 



56 THE LAND OF MORGAN: 

abbey near Caen, in the charter for which he is styled 
"Richard, Bishop of Bayeux, son of Robert, Earl of 
Gloucester, son of the King of England". Of an 
additional donation it is stated, " Dedit autem et 
Robertas regis filius Gloucestriae consul". Bishop 
Richard died April 3, 1142. — (Gall Ch., xi, 78, Inst.) 
6, Maud, who married Ralph Gemons, Earl of Chester. 

William, the second Earl of Gloucester, succeeded 
his father in 1147, and his mother in 1157, and held 
the lordship from the former period thirty-six years. 
He is first mentioned in the foundation charter of 
Neath in 1129, and next as governor of Wareham 
Castle, during his father's absence in Normandy, in 
1142, where ne was attacked by Stephen and the 
castle taken. He commenced his rule, probably with 
an understanding with his mother, by a charter dated 
January 1148, addressed in regfal style to his dapifer, 
baxo^vlcecomes, aad to his Eges ienerallv, F^ch; 
English, or Welsh. It is specially addressed to Hamo 
de Valoygnes, one of a family then considerable in the 
county, and it alludes to the foundation of the churches 
of St. Mary and St. Thomas at Cardiff. By another 
charter he confirmed certain ^ to Tewkesbury. 

In 1153 his name, as "William Earl of Gloucester", is 
attached to the convention between Stephen and Maud. 
Also in 1153 died William, the first Abbot of Margam, 
who was succeeded by Abbot Andrew, who died De- 
cember 31, 1155. In 1154, October 25, Stephen died, 
and Henry II succeeded to the throne. In 1156, 
Geoflfrey, Bishop of Llandaff, died whilst engaged at 
mass. 

A great event in Earl William's reign, according to 
the Welsh Chronicles, was his war with Ivor ap Meyric 
or Ivor bach, Lord of Senghenydd, of which the Earl 
threatened to deprive him, and whose stronghold seems 
to have been on the high ground above the later fort- 
ress of Castell coch, overlooking the plain of Cardiff, 
and placed most conveniently for a dasn at that castle. 
No doubt the hopes of the Welsh were at that time 



THE CHIEF LORDS. 57 

much excited by the Ul success of Henry's expedition 
in North Wales in 1157, but Ivor's enterprise, as 
recorded by Giraldus, who however places it in 1153, 
was not the less a marvel of audacity. Cardiff Castle, 
as may yet in part be seen, was defended by a wall 
40 feet high and 1 1 feet thick, and was at that time 
garrisoned by 120 men at arms and a large body of 
archers and a strong watch. In the contiguous town 
was also a stipendiary force. Ivor, however, with his 
Welshmen scaled the wall at night, surprised the 
garrison, carried off the Earl, his countess, and their 
son to the hills, and dictated his own terms. The 
Welsh pedigrees, by way of rounding off the story, 
make him marry the Earl's daughter, but the more 
reliable English records give no support to this part 
of it. Ivor's descendants long continued to be the 
mesne Lords of Senghenydd, and stiU, both in the 
male and female line, retain considerable property 
within that lordship, both above the Caiacn about 
Merthyr and Morlaas, and below the Caiach about 
Van, Eglwysilan and Llanishen ; but this raid pro- 
bably gave occasion, a century later, to the construc- 
tion of the tower of Whitchurch and the castellets of 
Castell coch and Morlais. The grand border fortress 
of Caerphilly was due to a more national attack, but 
all were built by the de Clare's upon the private 
domain of Ivor's descendants. 

5th Henry II, 1158-9, Thomas, nephew to the Earl 
of Gloucester, owed fifty marcs to the Exchequer for 
his land at Chichester, Devon ; and in the sixth year 
this is entered de plctdtis of William Fitz John, who is 
remitted the fifty marcs by the King. Who Thomas 
was is not known ; probably the same who in 1176, as 
the nephew to the Earl of Gloucester, with Richard 
his son, owed forty marcs to the Exchequer. In 1160, 
during the Kmg's prolonged stay m Normandy, Earl 
William took part in an expedition against Rhys ap 
Griffith, who retaliated in the year foUowing by burn- 
ing the grange of Margam. In 1165-6, upon the aid 



58 THE LAND OF MORGAN: 

for maxiring the King's daughter to Henry the Lion, 
Duke of Saxony, the Earl was rated upon 36^ fees in 
Kent, and elsewhere on 274 fees, in all 309^ fees, 
of which 261^ were in the Honour of Gloucester. This 
was exclusive of his Welsh lordship, which seems re- 
cently to have been augmented by the acquisition of 
Caerleon from Meredyth ap Howel. In 1166 Robert (?), 
Earl William's brother, died. In 1 169 the Earl founded 
Keynsham Abbey. The invasion of Ireland by Earl 
Richard of Striguil, in 1169, was strongly supported in 
Glamorgan ; and among the knights who won and settled 
upon estates in that country are very many whose 
names show them to have emigrated from the lord- 
ship, such are Barry, Cogan, Kenefek, Penrice, Scur- 
lock, and about a hundred others. 

In the autumn of 1171, and in March 1172, Henry 
passed through Cardiff on his way to and from Ireland. 
On the latter occasion occurred the incident related by 
Giraldus, and which is thought to mark the conmience- 
ment of the movement for keeping holy the Lord's 
day, which became popular in the reign of King John. 
Henry being at Cardiff on Low Sunday (April 23) 
heard mass in St. Perian's Chapel, in Shoemaker 
Street, and as he came forth and was about to mount 
his horse, a man addressed him in English, saymg— 
" God keep thee, O king ; Christ and his Holy Mother, 
John the Baptist, and Peter the Apostle greet thee, 
and by me order thee to forbid all fairs and markets on 
the Lord's day, and all not necessary labours, and take 
thou heed that the sacred offices be devoutly adminis- 
tered ; so shalt thou prosper." "Ask the master", said 
the King in Norman French, turning to Sir PhiUp 
Marcross, "whether he directed this"; on which the 
man repeated his admonition, saying, " Unless thou 
dost obey me, and at once amend thy life, before a 
year shall pass away, harder things will happen to thee, 
which, so long as thou livest, thou shall not shake off" ; 
and having so spoken he disappeared, while the King, 
having mounted, rode away over Rhjrmny bridge into 



THE CHIE^ LORDS. 59 

England. It was during this Irish journey that Henry 
summoned Yorworth of Caerleon and his sons to meet 
him at Newport on Usk, addressing to them a safe 
conduct. While on the road, one of the Earl of Glou- 
cester's men met them, and killed Owen the son of 
Yorworth, on which Yorworth, distrustful, returned, 
and laid waste the country towards Gloucester. Henry 
finally took possession of Caerleon ; in revenge for 
which, in July 1174, when Henry was beyond the sea, 
Yorworth and Morgan ap Sissylt ap Dynval destroyed 
Caerleon town and castle, and wasted the neighbour- 
hood, then in English occupation. In 1171-2 the 
Bishop of LlandaflF, the see being much impoverished 
by these repeated harryings, received 66s. 8d., the 
King s gift, and a corrody of JL 3s. fi-om Hyde Abbey. 

In 1173 the Pipe Roll enters from Gilbert de tlm- 
fraville, £44 105. 2c?., pro rehahenda terra sua, of 
which the Earl of Gloucester had deforced him. There 
was in the treasury £9 6s. 8d., and he owed £35 3s. 6d., 
and in the next year's account he had paid 1015. Sd. 
This looks as though the Earl's lands were in the King's 
hands; which is strange, unless indeed the King had 
taken them in hand on account of the Earl's adherence 
to the party of the young Henry, to which for a time 
he either gave his aid, or at least did not support the 
King, affecting neutrality. That the King was dis- 
satisfied with nim is also shown by his having actually 
imprisoned him with the Earl of Lincoln, and by his 
including him among those whom he dispossessed of 
their castles, when he attached that of Bristol to 
the Crown. This was in 1175-6, in which year Heniy 
received at Gloucester the Welsh magnate Rhys ap 
Griffith, and with him Morgan ap (yaradoc ap Jestyn 
of Avan, whose mother Gwladys was Prince Rhys's 
sister, and Griffith ap Ivor bach ap Meyric of Senghe- 
nydd, together with another nephew of Rhys, also 
a son of his sister; with them came Yorworth ap 
Owen of Caerleon. It should be observed that both 
Morgan and Griffith were vassal barons of the Earl 



60 THE LAND OF MORGAN: 

of Gloucester, and had he been in a position to enforce 
his rights they would not have been admitted to the 
sovereign. In Lent 1177, at the assembly in London 
in which Henry arbitrated between the Kings of Cas- 
tile and Navarre, Earl William appears as one of the 
witnesses of the confirming document. 

In 1181 Henry proclaimed an assize of arms, cer- 
tainly much needed, on the Welsh borders, but which 
was an assumption by the Crown of the right to tax 
rents and, in some degree, personal chattels. Every 
holder of a knight's fee was to be provided with a 
cuirass, a helmet, a shield, and a lance ; and so many 
fees as he may hold, so many of each was he to provide. 
Every free layman, having chattels or a rental equal to 
sixteen marcs, was to provide a hauberk, an iron head- 

!)iece, and a lance. No man is to sell, to pledge, or to 
end these arms ; no lord is to seize them. They are 
to descend to the heir, and if he be an infant the 
guardian is to use them until the owner be able to bear 
arms. No man is to possess more arms than the above. 
In 1182 the Welsh slew Ranulph Poer, the King's 
sherifi* for Gloucestershire. Nicholas, Bishop of Llan- 
daff, died 6 Sep. 1183. 

Earl William died on the night of St. Clement's, 
23 Nov. 1183, the anniversary of his birth, and probably 
about the sixtieth of his age. Among his works was 
the building of the town of Kenfig, and the foundation 
of Keynsham Abbey at the request of his dying son. 
To the monks of Neath he confirmed his fiither's gift 
of Blackscarr, to which he added the right of wreck 
upon their sea shore. To Margam he gave by charter, 
before 1166, tested by his countess and addressed to 
his sheriff and barons, " Siwardum palmiferum," with 
his house and curtilage, by the hand of Robert his son. 
By another charter he gave to the monks of St. Peter's, 
Gloucester, freedom from toll in Bristol, Cardiff, and 
Newport, for the soul's weal of himself, his countess, 
and their son. To St. Augustine's, Bristol, he gave 
the tithes of his mills at Newport, and a tenth of his 



THB CHIEF LORDS. 61 

forest rent for Candelaxi, with lands on the river 
Rhymny near Cardiff; and to the church of St. Guth- 
lac, Hereford, freedom from toll throughout his Welsh 
possessions, and the same freedom to the monks of 
Goldcliff, in Bristol, Cardiff, Newport, Caerleon, and 
Chepstow. By another charter, preserved in the 
Bradenstoke Cartulary, he gave to a certain "Stemor" 
his burgage in Cardiff at 12d. per annum rent instead 
of 2s. Another charter, tested by his countess, relates 
to what Mr. Floyd supposes to be the parish church of 
St. Mary at Cardiff, which he seems to nave rebuilt and 
dedicated to St. Mary and St. Thomas, then recently 
martyred. There are also other charters by Earl 
William, relating to donations in Gloucester and Dor- 
set.^ He was buried at Keynsham. 

Earl William married Hawise, daughter of Robert 
Bossu, Earl of Leicester. She died 24th April 1197, 
having had to stand up for her vidual rights. 1st 
Richard I she had £50 allowed her for her maritagium 
for the half year, in the accounts of the Honour of 
Gloucester ; and 7th Richard I, just before her death, 
she accounted for 200 marcs, or £66 135. id., in the 
Pipe Roll of Devon and Somerset, as her payment on 
her dower and maritagium. 

Their children were^l, Robert, mentioned in the 
Pipe RoU 1155 as "Robertum filium Comitis Glouces- 
triffi"; he was bom and died at Cardiff, and was buried 
at Keynsham ; 2, Mabel ; 3, Amice ; 4, Isabel. As 
Robert died young and childless, the three sisters be- 
came coheirs. 

It was Earl William who presented King Henry 
with the spotted greyhound so celebrated for his 
fidelity to Owen ap Caradoc ap Jestyn, having received 
seven wounds in defence of his master, who was slain 
by Cadwalader ap Caradoc, his brother, who also came 
to an untimely end. 

Upon the EarFs death the lordship fell into the cus- 

^ He also granted certain lands to the House of Boley, near 
Torigny. — OcUL Christ., xi, 456. 



62 THE LAND OF MORGAN: 

tody of the crown, and its accounts appear in the Pipe 
Rolls of the 30th Henry II, 1183-4. These accounts 
are very curious, and though too long to be given at 
length, show the value of the Pipe Rolls, and what has 
been lost by the destruction of tne records of the local 
Chancery. The several officers who account to the 
King for the receipts and expenditure, half year by half 
year, are Maurice de Berkeley, Hamo de Valoygnes, and 
Hugh Bardolf Under them are William de Cogan, 
Waiter Luvel, Reginald Fitz-Simon, and one or two 
others who were in charge of the castles of Neath, 
Kenfig, Newcastle, Rhymny and Newport. There are 
also charges for military stores and fittings, wamisture 
for these castles, and for their repairs, especially for 
gates and palisades, probably barriers in advance of the 
gates. There were also horsemen and footmen serving 
for a term at livery at the lord's expense, whose leaders 
were W™ le Sor, Walt' de Lageles, Walter Luvel, Payn 
de Turberville, Reginald Fitz Simon and Hoel of Caer- 
leon, and allowances for the hire of shipping for stores 
and provisions, and for the transport oi de Valoygnes 
and his knights. Tithes are paid to Tewkesbury ; com- 
pensation for horses lost or killed by the Welsh ; Roath 
and Rhymny bridges are repaired; and two millstones 
put into Leckwith Mill. Kenfig town had been burned, 
and had to be enclosed, "praecludenda" and the rents 
remitted for a year. The Dean and the Archdeacon 
came in for compensation for injuries done by the Welsh. 
PhQip de Marcross, the Under-Sheriff, has a handsome 
present for the charge of the lordship ; as the Sheriff is 
not mentioned it may be supposed that the two officers 
stood, as to loss and gain, as they do now. There are 
charges for the keeping of Welsh prisoners, and one 
very grim-looking item for " chains for Welsh prisoners 
and doing justice on them." The income is derived 
firom a variety of sources — rents, or farms of manors 
and miUs, pleas of courts and perquisites, wards, fairs, 
and earnest money ; lands seized because their lords 
did not discharge the service due, and chattels forfeited 



THE CHIEF LORDS. 63 

for disobedience of orders. Wardships formed a regular 
portion of the Lord's revenue. One occurs in the per- 
son of the daughter of Guy de Trotington, whose land 
is in the Lord's hands. A relief also is paid by Robert 
de. Cardiff on obtaining seizin of his land, and a fine 
is levied upon Alan de St. George, probably on a similar 
occasion. 

In 1184 Henry was at Worcester on South Wales' 
afl&irs. Rhys ap Grifl&th had a safe conduct and came 
to the King, and promised his sons and nephews as 
hostages. They, however, refiised to redeem the pro- 
mise. It is ratner strange, after what had passed, that 
Howel of Caerleon should be in the King's service 
against his countrymen. 

In 1 1 85 the Welsh, unrestrained by any giving of hos- 
tages, took advantage of the interregnum, and invaded 
and laid waste Glamorgan. An eclipse, which presented 
the sun of the colour of blood, no doubt was construed 
in their favour. They burned Kenfig for the second 
time — " it had not been burned a year or more" — ^and 
the town of Cardiff. Neath was attacked, but relieved 
by the Normans, who beat off the swarm of Welshmen, 
and burned their machines of war. It was then that, at 
Llanridian in Gower, St. Iltyd's spring flowed with 
milk, and that of so excellent a quality that butter rose 
upon its surface. In this year William, Prior of St. 
Augustine's, became Bishop of Llandaff, and in 1187 
consecrated the altar of the Holy Trinity in the Abbey 
of Margam. 

On ttie 6th July 1189, King Henry died, the lord- 
ship being still in the hands of the Crown. 



THE CO-HEIRS OF THE HONOUR AND 

LORDSHIP, AND THE COMING IN OF 

THE HOUSE OF CLARE. 



The ages of Earl William's daughters at the time of 
his death are not on record, but they certainly were 
very young. Dugdale, following Walsingham, says 
that the Earl, to prevent the division of the heritage, 
adopted as his heir, at Windsor in 1176, the Kings 
second son, John ; but this must have been with the 
understanding that he was to marry one of the coheirs. 
Madox {Bar. AngL, p. 201) says that on the Earl's 
death the Honour of Gloucester, in which he evidently in- 
cludes the Welsh lordship, was escheated to the Crown ; 
and Hugh Bardolph, in accounting to Richard I for the 
issues " de tribus partibus anni", says this was *; ante- 

?uam rex daret eundem Honorem Johanni fratri suo" 
Pipe Roll, 1st Richard I). Nevertheless, the subse- 
quent descents of both Honour and Lordship show that 
they were not held as male fiefe ; but, like all other 
property, where the law had its course, descended to 
the heiresses, subject to a purparty or division, and 
subject, of course, during a mmonty, to the usual rights 
of wardship. When, some years later, the male line of 
the de Clares failed, but very few of their manors re- 
verted to the Crown ; the great bulk of the estate was 
held by the King as in wardship, and so soon as it was 
certain that there was no male heir of the body of the 
last Earl, on the petition of the sisters, was divided. 
It is, therefore, probable that the vesting of the estate 
in John waa by L arrangement with Ear! William; and 
that this was so, is supported by the fact that after 
John divorced the heiress he gave up the estate, though 



THE CO-HEIRS OF THE LORDSHIP. 65 

with a very bad grace, and after considerable delay. 
The title of Earl of Gloucester was certainly a personal 
grant by Henry I to his son Robert on his marriage. 
It could not have been a part of Mabels heritage, for 
Fitz-Hamon was not an earl. With the title Henry 
evidently made the usual grant of the third penny of 
the county. The learned authors of the Peerage Re- 
sports deny this, but in the Pipe Roll of 1st Richard I, 
after the passage above cited, follows, "et de xxxii 
libris de tercio denario comitatus de dimidio anno ;" 
and in the Roll of 3rd John, Almaric d'Evreux had 
xxZi. of the third penny of the same county. The usual 
appanage of an earl in those days was the third penny 
of the pleas of his county. 

The limitation under which the earldom descended 
is obscure. It does not appear why John's marriage 
should have made him Earl of Gloucester, as his wife 
was not sole heiress of her father, although in Bristol 
Castle she possessed what was probably then regarded 
as the " caput Honoris Gloucestrise \ Gloucester, 
which she did not possess, might probably be the 
"caput Comitatus," but it was never held by the earls. 

On Earl William's death Henry stepped in, as 
guardian of the infant co-heiresses and custos of the 
fends. The latter he held about six years, when the 
issues were returned as a branch of the royal revenue. 
Thus, 33rd Henry II, 1186-7, Hugh Bardolph ac- 
counted for the scut ages, " quia Honor est in manu 
regis," and in the same year is an account of £43 175. 7d, 
for works at Kenefit Castle, probably Kenfig, in Gla- 
morgan, though possibly a Herefordshire fortress. 

On Henry's death the wardship passed with the 
crown to Richard, and the accounts, besides the third 
penny mentioned above, show "et comitissaa Gloucestrise 
£50 pro dote et maritagio suo de dimidio anno per 
Ran' de Glanviirprecepto regis." This was the Countess 
Dowager. Other entries show that Bardolf accounted 
for the Castle of Caermarthen and for works at Bristol 
Castle, as well as for certain issues from the Abbot of 



66 THE LAND OF MORGAN: 

Keynsham. Among the tenants Henry de Umfranvill 
owed £4 for his relief, and Roger de Maisi£45 for nine 
knight's fees held of the Honour, but probably, in strict- 
ness, of the Lordship of Glamorgan. Fitz-Stephen seems 
to have accounted for the issues of the County, Bar- 
dolf for those of the Honour. Richard held the ward- 
ship two-thirds of a year, and then, in 1189, deter- 
mined it in favour of Isabel, the third sister, whom he 
married to his brother John, to whom she had been 
contracted in 1176. The accounts for 1189-90, 1st 
Richard I, show for saddles, etc., for the daughter of 
the Earl of Gloucester and her maidens, £17 25. 7d.^ 
and for various fiirs for her and the daughter of the 
Earl of Chester, as well as for the Queen and the sister 
of the King of France, 73^. 4d. She had also three 
roserells. John held the Honour by baronial homage 
and service. He lost it for a time when disseized of 
his English lands by the sentence of the royal court, 
but regained it on his reconciliation with his brother. 
It seems to have been in the Crown in the 9th 
Richard I, 1197-8, when WiUiam de Warene was 
custos of the Honour, and was collecting for Richard's 
ransom. The names of some of the knights in his ac- 
counts, as de Cardiff, de Granville, and de Sanford, 
belong both to the Honour and to the Lordship of 
Glamorgan. 

On John's accession he became both chief and mesne 
lord. Madox is careful to point out that while John's 
own services thus became extinguished, the tenants 
continued to pay theirs as holding " in capite ut de 
Honore." Also, as an Honour was a Barony, it did 
not merge in the Crown, as was the case with a 
knight's fee or a demesne manor, but was held in 
abeyance and distinct, and was described technically 
as holden " in dominio". John's marriage was opposed 
by Archbishop Baldwin as within the forbidden de- 
OTees, both parties descending from Henry I. While 
Earl of Moretaine it suited John to disregard this 
objection, but when he succeeded as king, and had no 
children, he revived it and obtained a divorce. 



THE CO-HEIRS OF THE LORDSHIP. 67 

According: to the Annals of Tewkesbunr, John's mar- 
riage, thou^ contracted for in 1176, with the proviso 
that the Pope's license was to be obtained, did not 
actually take place until Richard's accession in 1189. 
It must have been just before the marriage, during the 
episcopate of WUliam de Saltmarsh, that Archbishop 
Baldwin, ax^companied by Giraldus Cambrensis, visite5 
Glamorgan, preached the crusade at Llandaff, was the 
guest of Abbot Conan at Ewenny, and was guided 
across the treacherous marshes and sands between the 
Avan and the Nedd by Morgan ap Caradoc, Jestyn's 
eldest grandson, and the Lord of Avan. Richard's 
letter from Messina, written about the 25 th January 
1191, is addressed to John, Earl of Gloucester, and 
John so styles himself m forwarding the letter to the 
Archbishop, although he seldom used the title after- 
wards. In 1199, 30th October, he confirmed to WU- 
liam de Berkeley a donation made by Robert Earl of 
Gloucester, and soon after his marriage he, as " Comes 
de Moreton", or " Moritonie", granted charters of con- 
firmation to Neath and Margam. The Neath charter 
has been printed ; that to Margam, dated Cardiff on 
the Tuesday before St. Hilary 1193, is in excellent 
preservation, and bears John's seal as Lord of Glamor- 
gan, with two passant lions on his shield; It is one of 
a mass of similar documents in the possession of Mr. 
Talbot of Margam, which, if examined, would no 
doubt throw much liffht on the early history of that 
abbey, aad on the deSent of propert/in the^unty in 
the twelfth century. There is also another charter by 
John, without date, but granted before his accession, 
preserved in the Cottoman MSS. (Cleopatra, A vii, 
73 b), printed in the New Monasticon (ii, 69). 7 Aug. 
1197, " Elizabetha Comitissa Gloucestriae et Moreton" 
confirmed a charter ** a domino meo Johanne Moreton" 
to John, Bishop of Worcester, concerning Malvern 
forest {Nash Wore, ii, 137). It is dated from Bee. 

The divorce seems to have occurred in May 1200, 
and John's marriage to Isabel of Angouldme followed at 

F 2 



68 THE LAND OF MORGAN : 

once, so that they were crowned at Christmas. That 
John retained the Lordship and Honour in his hands 
is evident from his grants after his accession. 22nd 
October 1199, he confirmed a grant by Robert, Earl of 
Gloucester, of Eldresfield, to William son of William 
de Berkeley, and 18th April 1200, a grant of Bed- 
minster manor by the same to the same. This indeed 
he might have done as sovereign, but in his first year 
William de Falaise and Master Swern account for the 
issues of the Honour, and probably of the lordship, 
which for this month are £223 12s. 3d. Also, 1201-2, 
Guy de Cancellis accounted to the Crown for the 
scutages of the Honour of Gloucester, leviedjupon 
327^ fees, and the King retained also the castle and 
barton of Bristol. The Pipe RoU for the following 
year, 3rd John, 1202, has been printed. In it William 
de Falaise accounts for the Honour for the past year. 
Among the tenants who belonged also to Glamorgan 
are Henry de Umfranvill, who paid 12 marks on 5 
fees ; Roger de Meisi, 24 marks on 4 fees ; John le Sor, 
36 marks on 14 fees ; Roger Corbet, 8 marks on 1 fee ; 
Herbert de St. Quintin, 3 marks for 10 fees ; and Milo 
de Sumeri, 5 marks for 3^ fees. William de Montacute 
and Ralph de Cirecest' were allowed £50 for the ex- 

{)enses of the Countess [of Gloucester] at Bristol, by a 
etter from Geofl&y Fitz-Peter. Keynsham Abbey paid 
AOd. for scutage. 

In the next roll, 4th John, the fees in the Honour of 
Gloucester are 304^, of which 47^ are in Glamorgan. 
The Earl of Evreux held 20 fees, and the Earl of Clare 
15 fees. Also Henir de Umphravill accounts for 20 
marks on 5 fees ; John le Sor, 60 marks on 14 fees ; 
and H. de St. Quintin, 50 marks on 10 fees. Also, 
13th April, 1204, John confirmed certain gifts in 
Petersfield, Hants, by William Earl of Gloucester and 
Hawise his wife; and 23rd June 1205, granted a 
" masagium" or habitation, in Lincoln, to be held of 
the Earl of Gloucester and his heirs. As king he also 
confirmed the charters to Margam and Neath. To 



V 



THE CO-HEIES OF THE LORDSHIP. 69 

Margam, his confirmations, four in number, are dated 
15th May 1205 ; a second probably in the same year; 
and the others 22nd July and 11th August 1207, 
are printed in the Rotulus Chartarum, as are those to 
Neath, 6th January, 5th August, and 11th August 
1207. Also in the New Monasticon (vi, 366), is a 
charter confirming to St. Augustin's, Bristol, the 
grant of Earl William between Cardiff and the 
Rhymny, and others by Countess Mabel, William's 
mother. Certain allowances^ apparently not very 
liberal ones, were made to the lawftd heiress, who re- 
tained her titular rank. At Tewkesbury, John built 
the long bridge and granted the town toUs for its 
repair. 

6th November 1201, the justiciary was directed to 
allow the Countess of Gloucester to hold her lands in 
peace, "sicut antecessores" ; and 30th July 1205, 
**Our beloved Countess" is to have "qualibet septi- 
mana unam damam". 6th February 1206, she has 
£12 for her expenses fi:om the Exchequer; and 26th 
May, the King allows the reasonable expenses of the 
Earl (Countess) of Gloucester at Winchester. 20th 
March 1207, a ton (tonellum) of wine, also charged to 
the Exchequer, is allowed, and certain necessary ex- 
penses for her at Sherborne, to be certified by her ser- 
vant Hamo. The Pipe Roll of 8th John contains an 
entry of 40 marks for disseizin for Amicia, formerly 
Countess of Clare. 

19th September 1207, Falkes, the Kings bailiff in 
Glamorgan, has an allowance for the repairs of the 
castles there ; his patent as Custos is dated February 

1207. 3rd December, the Castle of Sherborne in 
Dorset is mentioned as belonging to the Countess, and 
no doubt her residence. 

27th December, Falkes is informed that Gilbert de 
Turberville has appeased the King by the payment of 
a horse for his fine on relief for his land. 23rd March 

1208, Keynsham Abbey is vacant and Gilbert de Aties 
is to provide the canons with food and clothing, and 



70 THE LAND OF MORGAN : 

Falkes is to give him seizin of their land in Glamorgan. 
9th April, Falkes is directed to let William de Londres 
have the Priory of Ewenny, which is of his fee. Falkes 
was the notorious Falcasius de Breaut^. 

By an entry on the Patent BoUs of 5 March 1208, 
John calls on the Barons and Knights of the Honour 
of Glamorgan and of the Honour of Cardiff, to put in 
repair his houses in the Ballium of Cardiff Castle as 
they were wont to do, so that they may discharge 
their Castle guards, as they value their fees. This 
shows that the greater tenants occupied houses in the 
Castle court, which were kept in repair by them, 
though belonging to the lord. 

10th John, 1208-9, a charter roll contains the ac- 
counts of Falkes for £100 for the Honour of Glouces- 
ter; for works at Cardiff and Neath Castles, £22 105., 
and 100 marks for the custody of Swansea Castle. 
From Gilbert de Turberville 25 marks; from the monks 
of Neath 50 marks and a palfrey. From the Abbot of 
Margam £17 16^. 6rf., and from the same abbot, among 
the " oblata", 100 marks for having in free alms the 
Manors of Lalvereth and Haved Halown with appur- 
tenances, and similarly the Manor of Pettun ana ap- 
purtenances, as in the King's charter. Agnes, widow 
of Hamelin de Torinton, a family related to the Umfra- 
villes and SuUys, pays 20 marks. Philip de Nerberd 
accounts for £20 for having his land. Galfrid Whyt- 
ney (?) accounts for 200 marks and a palfrey for cus- 
tody of the lands and heir of Henry de Umphraville. 

10th John, William son of CaswaUon was allowed 
1 mark for the loss of his horse. In 1210 John was in 
Glamorgan ; 28th May and 28th August, at Margam, 
then spelt Margan or Morgan ; 21st May, at Neath ; 
and 29th Mav, at Swansea. At that time Gower 
seems to have been in his hands, and, 1 1th November 
1208, he freed the English and Welsh of that lordship 
from certain burthens connected with the Castle of 
Swansea. In 1210, Rhys and Owen, sons of Griffith ap 
Rhys, wer^ sent as messengers to Falkes to try to 



THE CO-HEIRS OF THE LORDSHIP. 71 

bring about a peace ; but, notwithstanding this, 1 2th 
John, 1210-11, 50 marks were expended in strengthen- 
ing Swansea Castle ; a not unnecessary outlay, for in 
1211 the Welsh, under Cadwalon ap Ivor bach, burnt 
and plundered Glamorgan, as, in 1212, Rees Vachan 
treated the town of Swansea. 14th John, Falkes de 
Breautd is quitted £200 for the farm of Glamorgan for 
the preceding and current years. Slst April 1213, 
the King issued a brief of inquisition into the losses 
sustained by the Church in the late discords between 
the King and the Clergy of England, and that for the 
See of Llandaff was addressed to Richard Flandrensis 
of Glamorgan and Walter de Sulye. As the see was 
not vacant, they were probably selected as upright and 
independent assessors. In that year Gilbert, Aobot of 
Margam, was displaced, and was succeeded, 18th May, 
by John de Goldcliffe, one of the monks. GUbert be- 
came a monk at Kirkstall, and died 12th May 1214. 

A little before this, 12th March 1213, the King 
allowed to Isabel, Countess of Gloucester, ** rationabile 
testamentum quod fecit de rebus suis mobilibus", pro- 
bably with a view to her marriage. And, 16th 
January 1214, Peter de Cancellis is to bring safely to 
the King the Countess of Gloucester, now in his charge, 
apparently at Bristol Castle. Guion de Cancellis was at 
this time Custos of the Honour of Gloucester. 

After about thirteen years of widowhood, which, in 
a time when a widow with a large jointure as an in- 
heritance seldom remained single, may, without much 
fear of injustice to John, be attributed to his wish to 
retain the earldom in his own hands. Countess Isabel 
married Geoffrey Fitz-Peter or de Mandeville, the 
justiciary, who, on the death of his father, 2nd Octo- 
ber 1218, became Earl of Essex, and had livery of his 
paternal estates. No doubt the marriage took place 
very soon afterwards, for, 24th January 1214, the Ex- 
chequer was to allow £13 15s. Sd., to be spent in robes 
for the Countess of Gloucester and her maidens, and by 
the 28th they were married, and Geoflfrey had certainly 



72 THE LAND OF MORGAN: 

been admitted to her lands, seeing that in February he 
was ordered to be disseized, because he had not paid 
the fees due. The precept for his admission " Honori 
de Glanmorgan" is addressed to Falke de Breautd, and 
dated 26 January 1214. 

The fine for the marriage was 20,000 marks, and Geof- 
frey's relief on taking up the earldom of Essex was a 
similar sum, to be paid in four equal parts. Probably he 
contrived to pay the first instalment at once, for, 9th and 
10th of August 1214, the King informs the sheriffs of 
thirty-two counties that he has given Isabel to Geoflfrey 
de Mandeville to wife, and that he is to have the whole 
Honour of Gloucester, and to be installed in all Earl 
William's rights, except the castle, vill, and forest of 
Bristol, and the vill of Campden. The seizin of 
Greoffrey's own lands in Bucks was not given till the 
23rd of June. 2l8t November in the same year, 1214, 
he witnessed John's charter concerning the freedom of 
episcopal elections, as "Gaufrido de Mandevillae, Comite 
Gloucestrie et Essexie", and, as '* Comes Gloucestrie", 
he was one of the twenty-five barons chosen under the 
Great Charter, 15th June 1215. In January in that 
year, he had witnessed a royal proclamation as Earl of 
Gloucester and Essex, and a late convention as Earl of 
Essex and Gloucester. Nicholas, however, dates his 
assumption of the earldom of Gloucester from 1215. 
In the Pipe Roll, 3rd John, 1202, £50 is allowed for 
the expenses of the Countess of Gloucester at Bristol, 
by two briefs of Geofirey Fitz-Peter, and another £20 
for the same expenses, ^'predictae comitissae", also "per 
breve G : f : Peter". At this time the Honour con- 
tained three hundred andtwentyseven and three-tenths 
fees, besides twenty fees which could not be identified. 

Geoflfrey's usual style was Earl of Essex and Glouces- 
ter, and that of his wife Countess of Gloucester and 
Essex. Her charter to Basalleg, printed by Hearn (A. 
de Domerham, ii, 609), combines the two, and com- 
mences "Ego, Isabella, Comitissa Gloucestrie et Essexie, 
consensu et assensu domini mei Galfridi de Mandevilla 



THE CO-HEIRS OF THE LORDSHIP. 73 

Comitis Essexie et Glouoestrie". The divorce alienated 
the whole Gloucester mterest from John, who also so 
mismanaged the marriage as to throw the new Earl also 
into opposition, which continued during the few months 
that intervened before his death, childless, before June 
1216, in London, in consequence of an accident at a 
tournament. John at once, 19th June, granted to 
Savary de Maul^on all the lands which had belonged to 
GeoflSrey de MandeviUe and his brother William, then 
probably in arms against the King. John himself died 
19th October, 1216. The accounts show that of the 
20,000 marks. Earl Geoflfrey had paid half only, and the 
remainder, being a charge upon his estate, was de- 
manded at the hands of Earl William, his brother and 
successor, as late as 12th May 1226 ; and long after- 
wards, 18th June 1242, Letters patent were issued, 
allowing the remainder of the fine of 20,000 marks 
made by Geoflfrey de MandeviUe with King John, for 
the marriage of Isabel, Countess of Gloucester, to be 
paid by annual instalments of £40 10^., out of the third 
penny of the County of Essex. While a widow, Isabel 
granted a charter to Margam, preserved at Penrice, as 
"Ego YsabeU Comitissa Gloucester 'et Essex' in libera 
viduitate mea", and another while still a widow, to 
Caerleon, but she speedily became the third wife of 
Hubert de Burgh, then justiciary. The date of this 
marriage is not recorded, but it must have been imme- 
diate, for, 13th August 1217, all the lands of the 
Countess of Gloucester were committed to Hubert de 
Burgh (FcU. Roll, 1st Henry III, m. 4), and in the 
same year Hubert had livery of Walden, a part of 
Isabel's dower, and, 17th September, the King in- 
formed the sheriffs of nine counties that the Countess 
had come in to his fealty and service, and was to be 
placed as she stood before the war between the King 
and the Barons of England. This was under Henry III, 
and just after the battle of Lincoln. She died almost 
immediately, for, 1 5th October, was an order as to the 
custody of her land, she being dead {P. Roll, 1st 



74 THE LAND OP MORGAN: 

Henry III, m. 1) ; and, 30th October, she, which must 
mean her estate, was called upon to pay scutage. 5th 
Henry III, Hubert married Margaret of Scotland. He 
does not appear as Earl of Gloucester; probably he had 
not time to fiilfil the necessary formalities. He was 
created Earl of Kent 11th February 1227, with re- 
mainder to his heirs by Margaret. 

Isabel having died childless, the inheritance passed, 
de jure, to the son of her eldest sister, Mabel, who had 
married Almeric or Aymar de Montfort, Comte d'Ev- 
reux, who, as " Aumericus Comes Ebroicarum", tested a 
charter by Henry I to Conches in 1130, and is named 
in a Bull of Pope Eugenius in 1152. He died 1196, 
while the Earldom of Gloucester was in the hands of 
the Crown, leaving a son, also Almeric, whose position 
with regard to his mother's right is obscure. Mabel is 
probably the daughter of the Earl of Gloucester, to 
whom and her maidens was allowed, in the Pipe Roll 
of 7th Richard I, 1196, "£17 25. 7d., and for vair furs 
about 375., and for a Roserell £6". Sandford says, 
Henry II gave her £100 portion, because her father 
had passed her over and bestowed the earldom upon 
John. And the Pipe Roll, 4th John, already quoted, 
shows that her two sisters were allowed a share, though 
a small one, of the inheritance, the Earl of Evreux 
having 20, and the Earl of Clare 25 knight's fees. 

The date of the elder Earl Almeric's marriage is not 
recorded, but the younger Earl, in May 1200, at the 
instance of King John, ceded his right in Evreux to 
Philip Augustus, for which he had an equivalent. The 
cession is the subject of a document given in the Gallia 
Christiana (xi, p. Inst.), which begins **Ego Almericus 
Comes Gloucestrie", and states that he is acting "de 
mandate domini mei Johannis iUustris regis Anglise", 
who " in sufficiens excambium inde donavit". William 
Mareschal is one of the witnesses. This was in May 
1200, the very month of John's divorce from Almeric's 
aunt, and shows that, having himself no longer an 
interest in the title, he was disposed to allow the son 



THE GO-HEIB8 OF THE LORDSHIP. 75 

of the elder sister to assume it, as he continued to do, 
and was allowed some fragments of the property. Thus, 
in the Pipe Roll, 3rd John, 1202, William de Falaise 
accounts for 1125. 7d., issues from the barton outside 
Bristol, "before it was given to Earl Almaric"; and by 
the same accounts "Almaric Comes Ebroic'": was allowed 
£20 out of the third penny of the county. Also, 26th 
January 1205, Falaise, as custos of the Honour, was 
directed to give to Earl Almaric, Bradested ; and 31st 
April, Petersfield and Mapledurham ; and 30th Decem- 
ber, Burford; and 16th August 1206, certain other 
manors, all which had probably been his mother's join- 
ture. Also, he occasionally witnesses royal charters, 
sometimes as "A: comite Gloucestrie", and sometimes 
as "A : comite Ebroic'", as in 1204-5, or simply as 
"Comes Gloucestrie", as a pledge in 1205 for Henry, 
son of the Earl of Cornwall for 4 marks ; nor is there 
anything in the subject of the documents to account 
for this variety. No document has been discovered in 
which he uses the titles together, nor does he ever ap- 
pear as Lord of Glamorgan or of the Honour of Glou- 
cester. He seems to nave died 1212-13, and was 
buried at Keynsham. Some further obscurities arise 
out of the disposition of the manors above mentioned. 
20th November 1213, Gilbert de Clare is to have seizin 
of two parts of the land which Aumeric, Earl of E vreux, 
had in Merlaw and Hameldon, co. Bucks, and Melisent, 
his widow, the third part. Also, 15th December, the 
Countess of Gloucester is to have her chattels in these 
manors; and, 4th January 1214, the executors of the 
will of "A: comitis de Ebroic'" are to have his chattels 
in Thombury, Petersfield, and Mapledurham. Also, 
15th March 1217, William de Cantelupe, junior, and 
Melisant, who was the wife of Aumaric, Earl of Evreux, 
are to have her dower in Mapledurham and Petersfield, 
which she had from the Earl, her husband. Also, 2nd 
October, Gilbert de Clare was to give to William de 
Cantelupe and Melisant his wife possession of Merlaw, 
as part of her dower, and he is to answer to the King 



76 THE LAND OF MORGAN: 

for having disseised her of it. Finally, in 1215, about 
the 2nd of July, "Melisanta comitissa de Ebroill", ap- 
points as her attorney Henry de Neford, in a plea con- 
cerning land, between the Countess, the Archbishop of 
Canterbury, the Prior of Dunstable, Geoflfrey de Man- 
deville, and Gilbert de Clare. The churchmen are pro- 
bably trustees, and Geoflfrey and Gilbert represented 
the other sisters. 

It appears from Pfere Anselm's account {Hist. Geneal. , 
ete., vii, 74), which, however, is full oi errors, that 
Almeric, evidently the son, married, secondly, Mele- 
sinda, daughter of Hugh de Gournay, who is doubtless 
the Melisant mentioned above. It is not improbable 
that the manors were originally settled on Mabel, that 
on her death they came to her son Almeric, and that 
in 1205 he was getting them resettled, on his marriage. 
The ordinary accounts make Mabel die before 1199, 
and her son childless in 1226, but the above entries 
show that he was dead in 1213, which may account for , 
Isabel's marriage, and her husband's assumption of the 
earldom in 1214. Thus, the succession of the Earls of 
Gloucester from the death of Earl William was John, 
Earl of Moretain, Almeric Comte d'Evreux, and Geof- 
frey, Earl of Essex. 

The death of Earl Geoflfrey in 1216 and of Countess 
Isabel, probably in 1217, cleared the way for the suc- 
cession, and makes it probable that the Annals of 
Margam are correct in stating that Gilbert de Clare 
assumed the earldom in 1217, although Nicholas places 
that event in 1126. He was certainly the Earl of 
Gloucester to whom the King sent a messenger at a 
cost of &d.y 9th March 1220, and another, wno being 
sent to Clare, was paid 1^., 17th April 1222, and who, 
19 th FebruaiT 1221, was rated for the scutage of 
Biham. He also appears in the great charter of Henry 
III as Earl of Gloucester. One of his early acts was to 
confirm to Tewkesbury the grants of his ancestors. 

However, or by whom, the lordship may have been 
held during the forty-three years that elapsed from the 



THE CO-HEIRS OF THE LORDSHIP. 77 

death of Earl William in 1173 to that of the Earl 
of Essex in 1216, after the latter event, it certainly 
vested ds jure in the son of Amice, the second sister, 
who alone left issue, and it must be allowed that the 
new dynasty was one very capable of upholding and 
extendxQg the title and inheritance of which it thus 
became the heir. The House of Clare ruled in Gla- 
morgan for four generations, during a period of eighty- 
eight years, from 1226 to 1314, includmg the reigns of 
Henry III, Edward I, and a third part of that of 
Edward II, his son. The long reign of Henry III, the 
weakness and vacillation of his character and conduct, 
and the general dissatisfaction with his foreign rela- 
tives and fevourites. gave great cause and great en- 
oouragement to the nobles to rebel, and at various 
times, and in the foremost rank of the disaflFected, were 
the Earls of Gloucester and Pembroke, the former in 
the male line and the latter in the female, the repre- 
sentatives of the House of Clare, and the chief lords of 
the South and West Wales Marches. Their territory ex- 
tended almost from Pembroke to Chepstow, including 
much of Cardigan and a large slice oi Nether Gwent. 
Their only rivals, the Barons Braose of Gower, Lords 
of Brecknock and Abergavenny, were far too violent to 
have any permanent weight, or to interfere seriously 
with the ambition of the House of Clare. Under 
William Mareschal the elder. Lord of Chepstow and 
Pembroke, and the heir of Strongbow in Ireland, the 
Lords of the March were kept in tolerable order, but 
his death left the King without restraint, and the suc- 
ceeding Earls Mareschal and of Gloucester with ample 
excuse, if not sufl&cient reason, for taking reftige in open 
rebellion. 

The history of the House of Clare belongs quite as 
much to that of England as of their Welsh lordships, 
and although their near relationship to the Mareschals, 
and their differences with the Sovereign, caused them 
to rely much upon their position as marchers, they do 
not seem to have residea much at Cardiff, or to have 



78 THE LAND OF MORGAN: 

pursued any steady policy, either of peace or war, with 
regard to the Welsh. 

GiSLEBERT Crispin, the real founder of the Clare 
family, was the son of Godfrid or Goisfred, Comte d'Eu 
and de Brionne, a natural son of Richard the elder, 
Duke of Normandy. In the foundation charter of Bee 
Abbey, about 1034, he describes himself as "Gislebertus 
Brionensis Comes, primi Ricardi Normannorum ducis 
nepos, ex filio Consule Godefrido". These Norman 
earldoms are involved in much obscurity. Gislebert 
could scarcely have been Earl of the territory of 
Brionne, for his son continued to use the title of Comes 
after Brionne had been alienated. Probably it was 
personal. The sobriquet of Crispin was borne by 
another, also distinguished, Norman family, of whose 
founder the Monk of Bee records that he had "capillos 
crispos et rigidos, atque sursum erectos, et ut ita dicam, 
rebursos ad modum pini ramorum, qui ssBpe tendunt 
sursum". Hence the name of " Crispinus, quasi crispus 
pinus", and such we may suppose to have been the 
character of the "chevelure" of Godfrid's immediate 
descendants. The county of Eu was taken from Gisle- 
bert by his kinsman Duke Richard II, and given to 
Gislebert's uncle, William. Brionne he retained, and 
Sap, said to be so called from a "sapin", or fir tree, 
planted in front of the church there. He was one of 
the young William's governors, but was assassinated in 
1035. His sons were Richard and Baldwm, who, with 
his brother "Ricardus filius Comitis Gisleberti", wit- 
nessed the conveyance charter to Bury Abbey in 1081. 
{N. Mon.y iii, 141,) Baldwin was Seigneur de Maule, 
and called also"de Sap", or"le Viscomte",or"d'Exeter". 
From him the Earls of Devon inherited Okehampton. 
His second son Robert had Brionne. 

RiCHABD Fitz-Gislebert was also called de Bienfaite, 
not, as often said, from Benefield in Northamptonshire, a 
manor held, as Baker has shown, by Richard Engaine, 
but from a Norman benefice; and de Clare, and de 
Tunbridge, from his two principal English fiefs. On his 



THE CX)-HBIRS OF THE LORDSHIP. 79 

father's murder he and his brother fled to Flanders, 
and returned thence to Normandy, when Matilda mar- 
ried Duke William, who gave him Bienfaite and Orbec. 
He also held Brionne. He accompanied William to 
England, was present at Hastings, and was richly re- 
compensed in ^glish lands. Sis possessions lay in 
the counties of Beds, Cambridge, Devon, Essex, Kent, 
Middlesex, Sufiblk, Surrey, and Wilts. In the Survey 
he is styled indiscriminately "Ricardus filius Gisleberti", 
"Ricardus fiUus Comitis Gisleberti", "Ricardus de Ton- 
bridge", and "Ricardus de Clara". His Kentish land 
seems to have been mainly confined to the Leuca or 
Lowy of Tonbridge, but it is remarkable that neither 
Tonbridge nor the also important Barony of Hastings 
are named in Domesday. Dugdale says he obtained 
Tonbridge by exchange for Brionne with Archbishop 
Stigand, but this is exceedingly improbable. That the 
Leuca was in some way connected with Canterbury is 
certain, from the claim set up for it by Becket, on the 
ground that church lands were inalienable. The con- 
troversy, however, seems rather to have related to the 
castle than to the lands, which the de Clares seem always 
to have accepted as held by grand sergeanty of the See. 
Tonbridge and Clare contained ancient English for- 
tresses of the first class. 

Fitz-Gilbert's restless spirit was not content with 
176 manors in England : he burned for further acquisi- 
tions, and invaded South Wales, where he conquered 
Cardigan, but met with his death, being slain at Llan- 
thony by Yorworth, brother of Howel of Caerleon, 
about 1091. He was buried at St. Neots, and it is 
recorded of him, "Qui in re militari tempore Conques- 
toris omnes sui temporis magnates praecipit" {Cott. mS.y 
Vitell., F 4, f 7). 

Earl Richard married Rohaise, a daughter, and even- 
tually one of the two co-heirs of Walter Giffard, Earl of 
Buckingham, by Ermengarde Flaitel. This lady appears 
in Dovnesday^ where mention is made of the "Terra 
Rothais uxoris Ricardi fiHi Gisleberti", in St. Neots, 



80 THE LAND OF MORGAN: 

and she afterwards, in 1113, gave the Manor of St. 
Neots to the Abbey there, of which she was reputed 
the second foundress. She and her husband trans- 
planted a colony of French monks from Bee, exchanging 
them for the rebellious Englishmen, whom they im- 
prisoned in Normandy. Her charter {New Monasticon, 
iii, 472) mentions her husband, sons, and daughters. 
These were: — 1, Gislebert. 2, Robert of Dunmow, 
who married Maud de St. Liz, and died 31st Henry I. 
He was ancestor of the family of Fitz- Walter. 3, 
Roger de Bienfaite, Lord of Orbec and du Hommet, 
who supported Duke Robert in 1080, but was after- 
wards attached to Rufus and Henry, whose life he 
saved at the battle of Brenneville, near Andelys, 1119. 
He died childless. 4, Walter of Nether Gwent, the 
founder of Tintem Abbey in 1131. He also died child- 
less. In their mother's charter their order is Roger, 
Walter, and Robert. 5, Richard, Abbot of Ely, died 
1107. There were also two daughters, who married 
Raoul de Tillieres, and Baudry le Teuton of Bal- 
genzio. 

Rohaise married, secondly, Eudo Dapifer, the re- 

Suted builder of Colchester Castle, and founder of St. 
ohn's Abbey there, where she is buried. 
Gislebert, * mostly styled "de Tonbridge", but 
"Comes de Clara" in his son's charter to Bury Abbey. 
He also held his father's conquest in Cardigan, and had 
Aberystwith. His English predecessor -^Ifric, son of 
Withgar, had founded a chapel dedicated to St. John 
Baptist, with seven secular canons, in the Castle of 
Clare, whom this Earl replaced by monks from Bee. 
He married Alix, daughter of Rainald, Comte de Cler- 
mont in Beauvoisis, a benefactor to Thomey Abbey. 
They had : — 1, Richard. 2, Gilbert, called Strongbow, 
who reconquered Cardigan, and inherited Chepstow 
and broad lands in Monmouthshire from his uncles 
Roger and Walter. He was created Earl of Pembroke 
in 1138. He died 1148, and was buried at Tintem. 
By Elizabeth, sister of Waleran, Comte de Meulan, 



THE CO-HEIES OP THE LORDSHIP. 81 

who, says Anselm, had been mistress to Henry I, he 
had Richard Strongbow, the celebrated invader of 
Ireland, and ancestor, in the female line, of the 
Mareschals, Earls of Pembroke. 3, Walter de Sap. 
4, Herv^. 5, Baldwin, who adhered to Stephen's cause, 
and with his brother Richard witnessed the Con- 
queror's charter to Bury Abbey (?), and gave to the 
monks of Bee, Palletune juxta Sap {N. Mon.y vi, — ). 
6, Louise, married Raoul, Seigneur de Coldon, living 
1113. 

Richard Fitz-Gilbert, Earl of Clare, created Earl of 
Hertford. Clare seems to have been one of these per- 
sonal earldoms like Warrene, Ferrars, and Grfiard, 
which did not represent a county, and was not even 
annexed to land, for although Clare was a manor and 
afterwards an honour, it does not seem ever to have 
been regarded as a territorial earldom. In the return 
in the Slack Book of the Exchequer, the Earl of Clare 
prefixes his return " Carta de Honore Clar", without 
mention of himself When it became the custom to 
adopt a surname, Gislebert or Richard Fitz-Gislebert, 
Comes, became gradually known by that of the chief 
seat of his power, and it is probable that his correct 
designation would have been, not " Comes de Clara", 
but "Gislebert de Clara, Comes". 

The title of Hertford was altogether different. This 
was a regular earldom, representing a county, and 
endowed tith the thkd penny from the issues of 
the county. Why that title was selected is un- 
known, for Hertford town and castle did not belong 
to the famUy, nor were they speciaUv interested in the 
shire; Indeed, they seem to have held at that time 
but one manor in it, that of St. Wandon ; nor were 
they even sheriflfe, for that ofl&ce was held by the De 
Magnavilles. The third penny, however, had nothing 
to do with land. It was a grant by patent from 
the Crown, and not entered upon by seizin. It 
waa the official fee of the English earls before the 
Conquest. The date of the creation of the earldom of 

G 



82 THE LAND OF MORGAN: 

Hertfoid is uncertain, but the reservation of the third 
penny in the fee-farm rents paid by the sheriff of the 
county shows it to have been either late in the reign of 
Henry I, or very early in that of Stephen. As to the 
limitation, the patent for the earldom is not extant, 
but possibly it would be held now that, like that of 
Oxford, it was confined to the heirs male of the body, 
because, on the death of Gilbert de Clare in 1314, his 
sisters did not take it. Gloucester, however — ^almost a 
contemporary title — descended, as has been seen, on 
three occasions to heirs female, and by the courtesy of 
England, was assumed by their husbands. Earls Al- 
maric, De Magnaville, and De Clare. King John, who 
assimied the title with the junior co-heiress, is said to 
have been created Earl of Gloucester, but that this was 
unnecessary is clear, for D'Evreux and De Clare, whose 
mothers were the other sisters, successively bore, and 
the latter transmitted, the title. Nevertheless, on the 
death of Gilbert de Clare, Gloucester, like Hertford, 
was held to be extinct. The Despensers, husband and 
son of the elder co-heir, did not claim it, and Audley, 
the husband of the next co-heir, obtained it only by a 
new creation, as did a more remote Despenser. It 
seems, therefore, that the practice had changed, and 
that earldoms which had formerly passed with heirs 
female did so no longer. It must be remembered, with 
respect to the earldom of Hertford, that there had been 
no early opportunity of proving its limitation, as the 
male line had never failed. 

Earl Richard seems to have paid much attention to 
his South Wales possessions, and he, like his grandsire, 
met with his death from the natives, it is said from 
Morgan ap Owen, in the disturbances that broke out 
after the aeath of Henry I, in 1135. His death is sup- 
posed to have occurred m 1139; so that his enjoyment 
of the title of Hertford must have been brief. He was 
buried at St. Neot's. He married Christiana, sister of 
Ranulph, Earl of Chester, whose name, unknown to 
Dugdale, occurs in her husband's charter to Bury 



THE CO-HEIRS OF THE LORDSHIP. 83 

Abbey. They had — 1, Gilbert ; 2, Roger, successively 
Earls ; 3, Walter ; 4, Alice, who married Cadwaladr, 
second son of Griffith ap Conan, Prince of North Wales, 
one of those ill-assorted matches by which the marcher 
lords sought to consolidate their incohesive power. It 
must be this Alice of whom Fitz-Stephen says, writing 
of Earl Roger, "Qui et pulcherrimam totius regni 
sororem habebat, quam rex aliquando concupierat." 

Earl Richard, in 1134, removed the monks of Bee 
from his castle of Clare to the adjacent hill of Stoke. 
It appears from an Inspeximus (Pat,, 1 Hen. /F, P.S. 
m. 25) of the confirmation charter of Henry II, that 
Earl Richard, son of Earl Gilbert, gave for his services, 
to Walter Bloet, the vill of Raglan and its appurten- 
ances, to him and his heirs, to be held by the service of 
one knight's fee. 

Gilbert, 4th Earl of Clare and 2nd of Hertford. In 
1146 he was a hostage at Stephen's court for his uncle, 
the Earl of Chester, to whom, however, he fled. He 
died childless, in 1152, nearly two years before Stephen, 
and was succeeded by his brother, 

Roger, 5th Earl of Clare and 3rd of Hertford. The 
title of Clare seems gradually to have been dropped, as 
the family name came into use, and, finally, the Earls 
are invariably described as of Hertford, and, after the 
acquisition of the Gloucester lands, as of Gloucester and 
Hertford, the former title dating from Heniy I, the 
latter from Stephen. 

He witnessed a Bury charter, printed in the Coll. 
Topog. et Gen. (i, 589), and there dated 1154, no doubt 
in error for 1 134. Earl Roger married Maud, daughter 
and heiress of James de Hilary, and by her had Richard, 
his successor, and Isabel, who married William Mares- 
chal, Earl of Pembroke, and thus strengthened the tie 
of blood between two powerftJ families, whose territorial 
interests were already also closely connected. Earl 
Roger seems to have had a son, James, who suffered 
from some congenital disease, expected to be fiital. The 
Earl offered 40 marcs to whoever should cure him, but 

g2 



84 THE LAND OF MOBQAN: 

would not allow an operation. When he was two years 
old, his mother took him to Becket's shrine, and im- 
plored the aid of the martyr; who cured him in three 
days. This was succeeded by another complaint, of 
which he was supposed to die, and was laid out. His 
mother, however, undeterred by the rebukes of the 
Countess of Warwick, again implored the aid of the 
martyr, and again with success. (Bened. Mirac., St. 
ThomsB, p. 255.) Earl Roger married a second wife, 
whose name is not recorded. He died 1173. 

In Earl Roger's time, Becket claimed the Estate and 
Lewy or Honour of Tunbridge, " pridem a Cantuariensi 
aUenatum ecclesia"; a claim which eave great offence 
to both king and barona^,, and whioT waf^^sdrted, as 
regarded the castle, by the Earl. The holding of the 
Lewy seems to have been admitted, but did not satisfy 
the Archbishop, who, indeed, also claimed Rochester 
Castle. The question was not finally settled till 1264, 
when a survey of the Lewy was executed, and the terms 
of the homage agreed to between Archbishop Boniface 
and Earl Richard. The Earls held as butlers and 
sewers, and as stewards, and in the one capacity had the 
manors of Bradstreet, Vielston, Horsmandene, Melton, 
and Petter, and in the other, Tunbridge and Handle. 
The fees of office allowed by the Archbishops were 
splendid. The homage seems to have been regularly 
paid, and often in person, at the enthronization of each 
Archbishop, and as such is specially noted at those of 
Archbishops Kilwardby, Peckham and Winchester. It 
was carried on by the De Clare heiresses, and Hugh 
d'Audley paid homage to Archbishop Stratford, in 1333, 
and the Earl of Stafford to Sudbury, in 1375. The 
last act of homage seems to have been paid to Arch- 
bishop Warham, when he entertained Henry VIII and 
Charles V, at Canterbury, in 1520. On that occasion 
Stafford, Duke of Buckingham, one of the De Clare 
heirs, discharged the duties of sewer in person. 

Richard de Clare, 6th Earl of Clare and 4th of 
Hertford, witnessed, as Richard Fitz-Gislebert — ^used 



THE CO-HEIRS OF THE LORDSHIP. 85 

apparently, as a family name, — Henry II's confirmation 
of the Earldom of Oxford to Aubrey de Vere. He also, 
as Richard Earl of Clare, witnessed letters by Richard I 
20th March 1190, and 17th April 1194, and another 
docmnent, 7th June 1199. 1st John he married 
Amice, daughter and co-heir of William, Earl of 
Gloucester, whose inheritance neither he nor his wife 
lived to possess. To her, as to her sister Mabel, 
Henry H gave £100 wedding portion. The marriage 
took place before the 1st of John, in which year she 
pleaded that by a precept of the Pope she had been 
separated from her husband Richard, Earl of Clare, on 
the ground of consanguinity, and she claimed Sudbury, 
which had been hers at her marriage {Abh. Plac.^ 
p. 25). In the 4th of John she repeated the claim, 
and 7th and 8th of John claimed the advowson of St. 
Gregories, Sudbury, which the Prioress of Eton said 
had been granted to Eton by Earl William, Amice's 
father (/&., pp. 51, 92). 15th John, Amice, Countess of 
Clare, again claimed Sudbury, where she founded a hos- 
pital. No doubt the marriage difficulty had been got 
over by a dispensation from Rome. Earl Richard's 
seal is extant, and bears the three chevrons, afterwards 
so widely known in South Wales, and adopted by the 
Lords of Avan, the Earl's principal Welsh Barons. In 
his time King Richard divided the Gifl&ird heritage, 

e'ving to Earl Richard the caput and estates in Eng- 
nd, and to William Mareschal those in Normandy. 
It is to be remarked that neither heir made any daim 
to the earldom of Buckingham. 

Earl Richard seems to have died in 1217, when, 
28 th November, Walter Fitz-Henry was to have seizin 
of his lands in Kent, '^ salvo rationabili testamento 
eiusdem Comitis" . . " teste ipso Comite"; probably 
the young Earl. Similar instructions were sent into 
other counties. The Earl was buried at Clare. Countess 
Amice seems to have died before 1226, the date of the 
death of her nephew Aymaric d'Evreux. Their chil- 
dren were : — 1 , Gilbert ; 2, Richard, killed in London^ 



86 THE LAND OF MORGAN: 

24th May 1221, and who probably is the Roger de 
Clare, Earl Gilberts brother, who was allowed £12 
on the 11th February 1226, for his expenses in the 
King's service with the Earl of Cornwall in Poitou ; 3, 
Eose, married Roger de Mowbray. The Chronicles 
state that the daughter of the Earl of Clare in 1 2 1 7 
married Rhys Bahan (Vachan). She may have been a 
natural daughter. 

Gilbert de Clare, 5th Earl of Gloucester and 5th 
of Hertford, is stated in the Annals of Margam to have 
taken up the earldom, and to have confirmed the abbey 
charters in 1227, a statement corroborated by Gilbert's 
witnessing, as Earl of Gloucester, in 1128, the declara- 
tion that the signature of Henry III to public docu- 
ments should not be valid until he came of age. Also, 
25th January 1218, Hugh de Vivonne was ordered to 
give up the forest of Keynsham to the Earl of Glou- 
cester, and, probably in consideration for his " regni 
novitas", the Barons of the Exchequer were "ponere 
in respectu" the EarFs scutage then due, until after 
Easter. 

With his paternal possessions and those of his 
mother Amice, Earl GUbert mherited those of his 
grandmother Maud de St. Hilary, and a moiety of the 
Honour of Giffard. The inheritance, as shown by his 
scutages, 7th Henry, extended into nineteen counties. 
As early as 12th John he fortified Builth Castle, and 
took an active part against the King. He was one of 
the twenty-five barons excommunicated by Pope Inno- 
cent in 1215, but at this time he was a party to the 
negotiations for peace, and 9th November had a^ safe 
conduct from the King, which was repeated 27th 
March 1216, after the fall of Colchester. He sided 
with the barons at Lincoln 20th May 1217, and was 
taken prisoner by his kinsman the Earl Mareschal, who 
afterwards married him to his daughter and eventual 
co-heir Isabel, a lady whose personal attractions pro- 
bably made the young captive a wiUing suitor. The 
Annals of Tewkesbury give 1214 as the date of the 



THE CO-HEIBS OF THE LORDSHIP. 87 

maariag^. but this is almost certainly an error. In 
1216 (?) he was assessed for a relief at £100 for each 
of his Honours of Gloucester and Clare, and at £50 for 
his half Honour probably of Giffexd, the reliefs being 
levied on each Honour as on a Barony, without reference 
to its actual value, since Clare contained 140 fees and 
Gloucester over 327. He was also assessed upon his 
lordship of Glamorgan, which then contained 27^- fees, 
of which William de Kardiff held one ; John le Sor , 1 4 ; 
Thomas de la Mare, 10 ; and Thomas Blund half a fee. 
Probably, however, some of these holdings were in Eng- 
land, for most of the Glamorgan barons held also of the 
Honour of Gloucester. 

In 1218, died Clement, Abbot of Neath, to whom 
succeeded Gervais ; and 1 2th November, died Henry, 
Bishop of Llandaff, who was succeeded, October 1219, 
by William, Prior of Goldcliff. The Earl much desired 
to recover the fainily possession of Bristol Castle, and 
Hugh de Vivonne was directed to restore to him the 
berton of Bristol, the wood of Furcas, and the chase of 
Keynsham. This however, though the King's ofl&cer, 
he refiised to do until he was provided with the means 
of maintaining the castle, for which the council had pro- 
mised him £100 in rent and 100 marcs in silver, 
nothing of which he had as yet received. The order 
was repeated over and over again, *'multitoties", in 
the course of 1219-^0, but without effect. The Earls 
of Gloucester never recovered Bristol Castle. 

25th November 1218. Earl William de MagnaviUe 
and Earl Gilbert were allowed to settle, by a concord, 
a question relating to lands which they held together 
in wardship, and which evidently arose out of the 
afl&,irs of Magnaville's brother Geoflfrey. 6th Henry 
HI, 1221-2, Gilbert, Earl of Gloucester, is ordered not 
to go to Wales to take the castle of Dinas Powis, as 
the King had sent Eobert de Vallibus to receive and 
deliver it to the Earl. This was on the death of 
Somery, Baron of Dudley, who was Lord of Dinas 
Powis, and was evidently an attempt by the King to 



88 THE LAND OF MORGAN: 

obtain "primer seisin" in Glamorgan. In the next 
year, 14th March 1223, the Eari Mareschal's bailiflfe 
had a safe conduct from Henry de Chetham to go to 
Dinas Powis. The Earl paid scutage about this time 
for a Welsh expedition, and in 1224 the Welsh invaded 
Glamorgan, killing certain farm servants and a shep- 
herd's boy. Morgan ap Owen burned a house, belong- 
ing to Neath Abbey, with above 400 sheep, and killed 
several farm servants, and dangerously wounded a 
monk and some lay brethren. In 1223-4, 8th Henry 
III, the Earl had a safe conduct to attend the King. 
15th July 1224, he was to have four dolia of the 
King's best wine, at cost price ; an order repeated the 
same day, in the Close Rolls ; and 23rd September, he 
was to have five dolia more from the wine retained at 
Bristol. 

1st January 1225, the Earl is to have from the Sheriff 
of Gloucester £20, as his ancestors had, *' nomine comi- 
tatus", evidently a part of the third penny, as the Sheriff 
of Herts received a similar precept. 

13th February, he is to have from the Constable of 
Kenilworth one hundred " bresnas" [wether sheep ?] 
for his vi varies at Tewkesbury, "et de Shepton 
instaurand". A messenger despatched to him by the 
King, cost 12d. 28 th August, the Bailiffs of Caer- 
marthen are to aUow the Earl to hold the lands, late 
of Thomas de Londres, of which he has the wardship, 
with his daughter. This was probably as chief Lord 
of Ogmore. Eva de Tracy had her dower out of the De 
Londres lands, in Wilts. Wardships and their sale 
were a great source of the royal power and income, 
and Earl Gilbert, 3rd October, has that of the heirs of 
Walter de Tailly, with the maritagiiun ; and Waleran 
Teutonicus, ana Sybil his wife, are to give up the 
daughter. 

In 1226 the Welsh burned St. Nicholas, Newcastle, 
and Laleston, and killed certain men. 29th October, 
the Earl paid 2,000 marcs for licence to marry his 
daughter Amice, then six years old, to Baldwin de 



THE CX)-HEIBS OF THE LORDSHIP. 89 

Redvers, and £200 in land was allowed out of the 
estates of William, Earl of Devon, Baldwin's grand- 
feither, presumably for her sustenance, until she came 
of age. In this year, 2nd November, the Earl's 
dau^ter Isabel was bom. A joint messenger, sent by 
the King to the Earl and the Earl of Chester, cost 15a. 
In this year the Earl joined the Earl of ComwaU against 
the King. 

In 1227, 16th Februaiy, William, Earl of Devon, was 
dead, and the Earl had licence to hold his lands. In 
this year the Welsh burned the Margam grange of 
Pennuth, with many animals, and killed many men ; 
also the grange of Kossaulin, with manv sheep, and 
drove away eleven cows, and killed a mrm servant. 
Also they cleared the grange of Theodore of animals, 
and burned several horses and great flocks of sheep, 
the property of Margam. 4th May, Richard, the Earl's 
brother, was killed in London. His violent death led to 
reprisals upon several of the King's servants. On the 
18th, the Earl's son, William, was bom. Kenfig was 
burned by liffhtning, and a horse killed. In this year 
also the Earl captured Morgan Gam of Avan, and sent 
him, fettered by the feet, mto England for security. 
This was mild treatment compared with what Morgan 
ap Cadwaladr met with, in the same year, from his 
nephew, Howel ap Meredith, who put out his eyes, and 
otherwise mutilated him. Notwithstanding the line 
taken by the Earl, he seems to have kept on some sort 
of terms with the Court, for, 4th September, he is one 
of the Lords accredited to the princes of the Empire, 
at Antwerp. Howel ap Meredith, in 1229, burned St. 
Nicholas and St. Hilary. In that year Morgan Gam 
was set free, giving hostages for ms conduct, which, 
however, did not prevent him from burning Neath in 
1231. In this year the Earl is said to have discovered 
mines of silver, lead, and iron, in Wales. The two 
former have never proved profitable ; the latter wisre 
well known to, and, to some extent, worked by, the 
Romans. 1 5th Henry III, the Abbot of Margam paid 
100^. for having his charter confirmed. 



90 THE LAND OF MORGAN: 

In 1230 Henry made a disastrous expedition into 
Brittany, and of the magnates who attended him, 
many, says Wikes, died before his return, and some 
after it. Among the latter was Earl Gilbert, who died 
at Penros in Brittany, 25th October 1230. His fimeral 
was conducted with great state. The corpse was landed 
at Plymouth and brought across Devon and Somerset 
to Cranboum, and thence to Tewkesbury^ large doles 
being given to the poor on the road as it passed, and 
silken cloths, "panni cerici", to the religious houses. The 
procession reached Tewkesbury on the Saturday before 
St. Martin's Day, and on Sunday the corpse was laid, 
temporarily, in its sepulchre before the high altar. 
The final burial was witnessed by the Abbots of 
Tewkesbury, Tintem, Flaxley, Keynsham, and Ture- 
ford (?) and an immense assemblage of persons of both 
sexes, lay and clerical. The Earl seems to have left 
two wills, one dated Suwick-super-Mare, 30th April, 
and the other in Brittany, 23rd October ; both in the 
year of his death. To Tewkesbury he bequeathed 
a silver-gilt cross ; and, during the minority of his son, 
the wood of Muth, by Severn side, which was con- 
firmed by Henry III in 1232, and reverted to the 
earldom in 1243. The monks laid a stone over his 
grave. 

In the Monasticon {N, M., vi, 453) is a confirmation 
by Earl Gilbert to Keynsham of a burgage in Cardiff, 
"which was Goye's", and another which had belonged 
to John Fitz-Baldwin, and of the whole park, fishmg, 
and fishery of Rumeya (Rhymny), and both the vivaries 
of Raz (Roath), with the mill and great vivary under 
Kibwr, and all the land of Raz, and all the forest of 
Kibwr, to be held as under Earl William, the grantor's 
grandsire. 

The children of Gilbert and Isabel were : — 1, 
Richard; 2, William, bom 18th May 1228, knighted 
in London at Christmas, 1250 ; 3, Gilbert, bom 12th 
September 1229, a Clerk in Orders ; 4, Amice, married 
Baldwin de Redvers ; 5, Agnes ; 6, Isabel, bom 2nd 



THE CO-HEIBS OP THE LORDSHIP. 91 

November 1226, married, May 1240, Robert de Bruce 
of Amiandale, who died 1295. 

Countess Isabel married, secondly, 30th March 1231, 
Bichard, Earl of Cornwall, much against the will of the 
King, his brother. She was, says Wikes, a woman of 
marvellous beauty. She was known as Isabel, Countess 
of Gloucester and Hertford, Cornwall and Poitou, and 
she died in childbirth at Berkhampstead, 17th January 
1239 or 1240, and her mortal spoils were divided 
between three communities ; her bowels went to Mis- 
senden ; her heart, in a gilded urn, to Tewkesbury ; 

** Pars melior toio fuit pro corpore missa*' 

was the Tewkesbury view of the partition. The body 
went to Beaulieu. She founded a chantry for Earl 
Gilbert and herself at Market Street, and Earl Bichard 
founded one for her at WaJlingford. Her wiU disposed 
of a curious collection of relics. Her epitaph at Tewkes- 
bury, where she herself had always wished to be buried, 
was as follows : — 

Postrema Yoto legavit cor Comitissa : 
Pars melior toto fuit hue pro corpore missa. 
HsBC se divisit, Doxninum recolendo Priorem 
Hue cor quod misit, verum testatur amorem — 
Hiis simul EcclesisB sanctSB suffragia prosint, 
Ut simul in requie coalesti cum Domino sint. 

The ancestors of Earl Gilbert had, for eight genera- 
tions, been very considerable persons, both in Nor- 
mandy and England ; and then* next of kin, of the 
line of Strongbow, now represented through a female 
by the Earls Mareschal, were scarcely their inferiors 
in power. Their other cousins, who continued in the 
male line as Barons Fitz- Walter, also held large es- 
tates, and had at that time reached the climax of 
their power in the person of Robert Fitz- Walter, 
styled by King John's barons " Marshal of the army 
of God and the holy Church." The De Clares 
were also allied by maxriage to the Earls of 
Chester and other leading nobles. Besides all these 



92 THE LAND OF MORGAN. 

sources of power, Earl Gilbert had received a great 
accession in the large inheritance derived from his 
mother, making him, by the bend sinister, which was 
then scarcely regarded as a discredit, of near kin to 
the soverei^, aid endowing him not only with the 
valuable Honour of Gloucester, but with the Lordship 
of Glamorgan; the privileges of which were of a regal 
character, and the position of which, securing to mm 
an almost impregnable retreat, gave him great weight 
in the perpetual struggles between the Baronage and 
the Crown. From this time the house of Clare became 
the acknowledged head of the Baronage. Great per- 
sonal qualities, such as those possessed by the elder 
William Mareschal or by Simon de Montfort, brought 
them at times to the front ; but for steady hereditary 
influence, supported, on the whole, by moderation of 
conduct, and always by great personal valour in the 
field, no family at all approached to that of the Earls 
of Gloucester and Hertford. 



THE 

EAELS OF GLOUCESTER AND HERTFORD. 



Richard de Clare, 6th Earl of Gloucester and 6th 
of Hertford, was bom 4th August 1222, and was there- 
fore a Kttle over eight years old at his father's death, 
2 5th October 1230. His wardship was granted to Hubert 
de Burgh, then Justiciary, who had married the young 
Earl's great-aunt, then, nowever, some years deceased. 
In addition to the wardship, De Burgh, 26th Novem- 
ber 1230, had a grant of the homage and service of 
John de Braose for his Honour of Gower, described as 
held of the Honour of Caermarthen and Cardigan; 
which tenure however was never admitted by the 
Lords of Gower (P. Roll, 15th Henry III, m. 7). Wil- 
liam de Goldcliff, Bishop of Llandaff, died before the 
Earl, 12th January 1229, when the custody of the 
bishopric WM given to Maurice, archdeacon, and Ivor, 
a canon of Llandaff, and 23rd February, seisin of the 
lands was given to the Earl, the Earl Mareschal, and 
John de Braose, under whom the bishops held manors 
in different parts of the diocese. Elias, Treasurer of 
Hereford, was confirmed, 30th August 1230, in the 
vacant See. 

At Michaelmas, Abbot Peter of Tewkesbury took 
seizin of their moiety of the Church of Llandir, pro- 
bably Llantwit-major, which William, parson there, 
formerly held. After much dispute between the Abbot 
and the Welsh parishioners, some of whom wished 
that William's brother should succeed, the Abbot gave 
way, but took a charge of eleven marcs yearly, the 
Abbey retaining a chapel attached to the church, to 
indicate possession. It was provided that if the farm 



94 THE LAND OF MORGAN: 

rent was not paid to the day, the tenant should lose 
his tenement lor ever. 

In 1231, 2nd June, Ralph Mailoc, a local celebrity 
in Glamorgan, died. A little after this, in 1266, the 
Abbot of Neath acknowledges from Sir William May- 
loc, the land of Bluntesmore in the fee of Ogmore, 
to be let in farm to Sir William on the same terms 
that he held it from Peter Blundus. Thomas, Dean of 
Hereford, Peter, Abbot of Tewkesbury, Maurice, Arch- 
deacon of Llandaff, Master B., Rector of Thombury, 
and others, met at Striguil to arrange respecting the 
Church of Llanblethian which Mailoc had held of 
Tewkesbury, and which by the Court of Rome and the 
confirmation of the Bishop had been granted to be 
held impropriate. It had been given away by the 
Bishop, although shortly before he had already granted 
it to a chaplain, who, however, renounced, and accepted 
a vicarage from the Abbot. 

About Michaelmas, the monks sent Brother Eustace 
to receive seizin of Llanblethian Church, which Mailoc 
had held. He found the church locked and the key 
carried off to the mountains ; so he took seizin in the 
porch, and protested against this invasion of the pri- 
vileges of the Abbey. The Welsh replied to this by 
taking him prisoner on the highway, and keeping him 
three days in the mountains. In rejoinder, the Bishop 
excommunicated the wrong-doers generally, and laid 
the matter before Hubert de Burgh, the custos. The 
Abbot, also, in presence of his monks, excommunicated 
a certain J. Grant, probably of Sigginston, who had 
laid hands on Eustace. No doubt the resistance to the 
Abbot's claim was encouraged by the concurrent inva- 
sion by Llewelyn, who attacked Brecknock, descended 
upon Caerleon, and thence retired across the hills to 
Neath, where he laid siege to the castle, which was 
surrendered about 29th June. Aided by Morgan Gam, 
of Avan, he burned the town, levelled the castle, and 
extorted 60 marcs from Margam. All this seems to 
have been provoked by the violation of an existing 



THE EARLS OF GLOUCESTEB AND HERTFORD. 95 

truce ; for 20th February 1232, the King writes to 
assure Llewelyn that he Jias, by his brother Earl 
Richard, ordered that the infraction of the truce by 
Richard Siward be made good. 

De Burgh fell in July 1232, and was displaced as 
custos 15th August; and 10th September Peter de 
Rivaux has a patent of custody of the castles of Cardifi 
and Newport, and of those generally of Glamorgan, 
Cardigan, and Caermarthen. 17th October Henry de 
Turberville is custos of the lordship of Glamorgan, 
and 19th December Ra. de Hurle is to receive the 
issues of the lands, etc., of Glamorgan and WentUoog, 
and the custody of Cardiff, Newport, and Newcastle. 
Peter remained in power till 1235, giving great dis- 
satisfaction. Just before De Burgh retired, 1 3th April 
1232, the King allowed the young Earl's claim "de 
collatione bacufi," as to Tewkesbury ; and De Burgh, in 
consequence, gave the monks leave to elect an Abbot, 
who was confirmed by the King. This was the Abbot 
who leased the " Gurges" or pool of Cardiff for five 
years to Henry the Chaplain. Fishing seems then as 
now to have been a sport allowed to the clergy. The 
same claim was allowed for Keynsham. It seems to have 
been usual to allow to the representatives of the founder 
the privilege of collating to an abbey, but a license for 
its exercise was necessary. Thus, 16th April 1200, 
John granted to Wm. Earl Mareschal the privilege of 
bestowing the pastoral staff of Nutley, in Bucks, an 
abbey founded by Walter Giffard, but within the 
Earl's fee. 

In 1232 Llewelyn again invaded Glamorgan, and 
attacked Kenfig. The cattle had been removed, and 
to clear the way for the defence, the people burned a 
part of the town within, that is to say close to, the 
gates. The Welsh, on their part, led by Morgan 
Gam, burned what was outside the walls, and attacked 
the castle keep, then only defended by a hedge and 
a ditch. They were then driven off, and fled to the 
hiUs. It was observed that on this occasion, they 
spared the lands of the Church. 



96 THE LAND OF MORGAN: 

Events were now ripe for the breaJdng out of the 
war between the King and the Earl of Pembroke. 
Earl Bichard Mareschal, a scholar and a soldier, a 
moderate and an honest man, "mums inter dominum 
regem et magnates", had just succeeded his brother 
William ; and, forbearing as he was, found himself 
driven to oppose in arms the King's violence and im- 
prudence. The dissatisfaction was very general, and 
broke out in Monmouth and Glamorgan in a civil war, 
which, continued by De Montford and the Earl of 
Gloucester, led to the battles of Lewes and Evesham, 
and the siege and ban of Kenilworth. The services 
of De Burgh were forgotten, and Henry was inflamed 
with jealousy against tiat great stetesman, who, alwajrs 
loyal to the Crown, and succeeding Pandulph as mi- 
nister, had composed the Irish war, quelled the dis- 
content in Gascony, kept Llewelyn and the Welsh 
within moderate bounds, razed Bedford Castle, exiled 
De Breaut6, and procured the Bull declaring Henry 
of full age, upon which the royal castles had been 
surrendered to him by the Lords who had held them 
during the minority. De Burgh was ill exchanged for 
Peter des Roches, an ecclesiastic of violent and dan- 
gerous counsels, a foreigner, and intensely unpopular. 
In 1232 the Abbot of Tewkesbury had a royal writ to 
receive his accustomed payment from the Honour of 
Cardiff; and another writ, 24 th May 1233, for Peter de 
Rivaux, was addressed to Ranulph de Hurle, bailiff of 
Glamorgan. Both, therefore, were still in oflSce. 

Among the disaffected in Glamorgan were Philip 
Basset, whom the King had deprived of a manor given 
him by King John ; and Richard Siward, a bold and 
distinguished soldier, and one of the Earl of Glouces- 
ter's most turbulent barons. Siward, who owned the 
castle of Talavan, had married Basset's sister, Philippa, 
widow of the Earl of Warwick, according to some ac- 
counts without the King s license. The Earl, Henry 
de Newburgh, also Lord of Gower, had died in 1229, 
and Philippa then paid 100 marcs not to be distrained 



THE EARLS OF GLOUCESTEK A^'D HERTFORD. 97 

to marry, and if she did marry, to have leave to marry 
any faithfiil subject. She did marry, before 1st March 
1231, Richard Si ward, and that this was not then dis- 
approved by the King appears from a writ to the 
Sheriff respecting certain payments due at the Exche- 
quer. Siward's real offence seems to have been his 
attachment to the Earl Mareschal, and his opposition 
to Bishop des Roches. 

Henry summoned the Barons to a meeting at Oxford 
24th June 1233, which the Earl Mareschal and his 
friends decided to decline to obey, as they did a further 
summons for the 11th July. They further informed 
the King that unless he dismissed his foreign advisers 
they would renounce their allegiance. Henry had laid 
hands on and had destroyed the castles of some of the 
Earl Mareschal 's followers and had given their lands to 
his alien relations. On the 1st July, the barons met 
the King in London, but as the Earl Mareschal, warned 
by his sister, feared treachery, he turned back at 
Woodstock and rode to Wales. Nothing was decided 
at the meeting. Henry then summoned his military 
tenants to Gloucester for the 15th August. As Earl 
Richard was again absent, he and his adherents were 
proscribed as traitors, the Earl's lands were seized and 
laid waste, especially, 2nd November, his house and 
gardens in Worcestershire, and a day was named for 
his trial. Henry, evidently looked for support among 
the mixed English and Welsh in the rear of the Earl 
Mareschal's head-quarters, for 6th August is issued a 
writ to the bailiffs of Bristol stating that, "Although 
the King has directed them not to let any victuals be 
taken from their town, yet they are to allow the men 
of Cardiff, Swansea, and Carmarthen to do so, they 
;iving security not to take them elsewhere." The 
ing's proscription caused the Earl Mareschal to close 
an alliance with Llewellyn, offensive and defensive, 
each party swearing not to make peace without the 
consent of the other. The Earl of Cornwall took part 
with the insurgents. Henry having received an acces- 

H 



98 THE LAND OF MORGAN: 

sion of force at Gloucester, crossed the Severn, and 
marched on Hereford. His object seems to have been 
to attack from tHe west the Earl MareschaFs chief 
castle of Chepstow, and his plan to descend the valley 
of the Usk, taking advantage of the support of John of 
Monmouth, to whom belonged that town and castle, 
and of Morgan of Caerleon, who held the lowlands of 
Gwent, and thus to interpose between the Earl, who 
lay westwards near Cardiff, and his sister Margaret de 
Braose and Walter de Clifford, who held Abergavenny 
and Builth, and the country and strong places of 
Irchenfield, west of Hereford. In executing this plan 
he descended the right bank of the Usk, and at Usk 
laid siege to the castle, which was found to be so strong 
that the King offered terms. What actually took 
place is doubtful ; the general, though not very pro- 
bable, account is that the King asked for the surrender 
of the castle to save the royal credit, and pledged him- 
self to restore it uninjured in fifteen days ; to which 
the Earl agreed, and gave up the place, which, how- 
ever, the King retained, breaking faith. Henry entered 
Usk about the 1st September, and this success, how- 
ever obtained, was the first important feature in the 
campaign. In the castle he placed Henry de Turber- 
ville, an eminent captain, who had been seneschal 
of Gascony, and who was ordered to give up the stores 
therein contained, an order certainly given, and which 
seems scarcely consistent with this alleged breach of 
faith. Moreover, the surrender of Usk was followed, 
8th September, by the establishment of a truce, settled 
at Abergavenny, the terms of which were, however, 
construed very differently by the King and by the 
Earl. 1 2th September, Henry was at Hereford, whence 
he directed the Vicecomes of Cardiff to restore all the 
booty taken on the Earl Mareschal's lands, and called 
on the Earl and Morgan of Caerleon to do the same, a 
summons which does not seem to have been obeyed. 
The King retired to England, promising concessions, 
and summoned a meeting for the 2nd October. Here 



THE EARLS OF GLOUCESTER AND HERTFORD. 99 

Eaxl Richard's friends demanded his trial by his peers, 
a right denied by Bishop Peter, who thus placed him- 
self in opposition to the whole baronage. 

Meantime, the Earl was under arms, and by the aid 
of Philip Basset and Si ward, De Burgh was rescued, it 
would seem against his will, from the Devizes, and 
brought in safety by way of Aust to Chepstow. The 
Oseney Chronicle says Siward put arms into his hands 
and brought him away "nobili vehiculo". Wykes 
gives a more circumstantial detail, and says he escaped 
from the castle by night, being let down from the 
window-grate by napkins and towels, when he took 
sanctuary in a churcn on the outer edge of the castle 
ditch, whence he was rescued by Siward and Bassett. 
20th September, the King wrote to Richard Mareschal 
no longer to harbour Siward and his fellows, but Siward 
was far too useful to be disavowed. 

Henry bid high for the support of the young Earl of 
Gloucester 8 tenants, writing from Ledbury, 2nd De- 
cember, to Reymund de Sully, a principal Glamorgan 
Lord, as the Close Roll, 15th December 1233, states : 
"Rex significat Rey : de Sully quod bene placet regi 
quod ipse et alii pfobi homines de partibus suis veniat 
ad fidem et servitium regis dum tunc securitatem faciat 
de bono et fideli servitio, etc." 

2nd December, Henry laid hands on Siward's lands 
at Chedworth and Braues. Also, 3rd November, the 
lands at South Moulton and Marshfield, of Gilbert deTur- 
berville of Coyty, had been seized, and given to Herbert 
Fitz-Matthew ; those of Roger BerkeroUes in Somerset 
were given to Ralph de Hurle, who died before 22nd 
Henry III, and was succeeded as Bailiff of Glamorgan 
by Toran de Hurle. The lands of John le Sor at 
Alwrington went, 7th November, to William Bloet ; of 
William de Somery in Somerset to William de Boils ; 
those of Simon and Richard de Pincerna in Devon to 
Simon de Sleland ; those of Gilbert de Umfreville at 
Court-Labeford to Roger la Suche ; those of David 
Basset in Wernford to Philip Choatte. Those of Wil- 

h2 



100 THE LAND OF MORGAN: 

liam de Barry in Devon, of Thomas de Sanford in 
Berks, of John de St. John, William and John de Regny, 
Peter le Butiler, Thomas de Hawey, and William le 
Fleming, were also taken ; and even Reymund de Sully 
did not escape, his lands at Alsiston being given to 
de Boils. All this shows the close connection in pro- 
perty between the holders of fees in Glamorgan, and of 
those in the counties of Somerset and Devon. 

Cardiff Castle seems to have been held for the King, 
as Warene Basset, one of the Earl's partisans, was 
killed in an assault upon it, 15th October 1233, and 
was buried at Llandaff, 21st October. The Earl was 
then at Cardiff, having burned Monmouth. 17th 
November, he defeated the King at Grosmont, where 
Hugh de Sanford was killed, and forced the barons 
and knights of Glamorgan, and the burgesses of 
Cardiff, to give hostages for their good behaviour. 
Henry again offered terms, which the Earl, then at 
Margam, refused, and his adherents kept up a harrass- 
ing war from Newport and Cardiff against the shipping 
of Bristol. Towards Christmas, Siward harried the 
lands of the Earl of Cornwall, an offence never for- 
given. Nevertheless, 7th January 1234, the Countess 
of Warwick was allowed to go to the Marches of Wales, 
to her husband, R. Siward. 

The Earl Mareschal's position, west of Chepstow, was 
not without its dangers. The actual Lord of Glamorgan 
was a minor, and in the King's hands, and the war was 
by no means popular with the people, who had every- 
thing to lose, and nothing to gain by it. The knights 
and barons who, with their tenants, formed the mili- 
tary strength of the lordship could not afford to give a 
steady support to the Earl, as almost all held fees of 
considerable value in Devon, Somerset, or Gloucester, 
aU in the King's power. That many of them were 
disposed to listen to the King is made probable by his 
letter above quoted, and all the English settlers in 
Wales must have been alarmed at the Earl MareschaVs 
intimacy with the Welsh ; and, indeed, it appears from 



THE EARLB OF GLOUCESTER AND HERTFORD. 101 

one of Henry's letters to Llewelyn, 22nd August 1234, 
that there was a report that the Earl had gone so far 
as to grant to Morgan Gam and other Welshmen lands 
which belonged to the Earl of Gloucester. 

Towards the end of 1233, Bishop Peter seems to have 
created a diversion in Ireland, where the Earl Mareschal 
had a great interest, acquired by his ancestor Strongbow, 
and whither he went, in consequence, leaving the con- 
duct of the Welsh war to De Burgh, Siward, and Philip 
Basset. In Ireland the Earl was mortally wounded, and 
died a prisoner at Kildare, 15th April 1234. Meantime, 
and probably before the news reached England, the 
Earl's partisans were active. Siward scoured Berk- 
shire, and under cover of Windsor Forest made the 
country unsafe, and threatened the Exchequer mes- 
sengers who carried money, 29th April. A little later, 
2nd May, the King informs the Sheriff of Gloucester 
that in the way from Wallingford to Reading, Siward 
had seized the baggage of Stephen de Segrave, De 
Burgh's enemy and successor. The Sheriffs, however, 
were foiled, and Siwaxd rea^^hed Wales in safety. Thos. 
Siward, his nephew, was taken at Hereford, as was St. 
Philibert, another nephew, 10th May. 

The Earl Mareschai's death left the party without a 
leader, and the war ceased, although the position of the 
insurgents enabled them to secure excellent terms, 
which included Llewelyn, De Burgh, Siward, and their 
followers. Bishop des Koches was dismissed from power. 
17th May 1234, the men of Glamorgan were referred 
to Henry de Turberville for the terms on which they 
might be admitted to the King's peace; and 26th May, 
the King, by documents entered on the Close Rolls 
formally laid aside his indignation against Gilbert 
Mareschal, Hubert de Burgh, Richard Siward, Gilbert 
and Philip Basset, William Crass, H. de Barry, William 
of Christchurch, and Richard de St. John, and by an 
entry on the Patent Roll, 25th May, they were par- 
doned. Thos. Siward was released, and on the 18th 
May and 3rd June, Richard Siward was actually placed 



102 THE LAND OF MORGAN: 

in charge of Glamorgan, to which, 1 7th July, Swansea 
was adaed ; and that this carried the lordship of Gower 
with it, appears from a precept on the Close Roll in- 
forming ^iward that because the KW understands 
that the " maritagium" of Agnes, daughter and heir 
of William Mara, pertains to Margaret de Braose as 
part of her dower, the £100 fine which Robert de 
Penris made for her with Peter de Rivaux is to be 
paid over to Margaret. Rivaux had evidently usurped 
the ** maritagium*' from Margaret, and Siward as custos 
is to redress the wrong. 

With the rest, the King extended his favour to the 
Barons of the Honour of Gloucester, Roger BerkeroUes, 
Roger de Hide, Gilbert de Turberville, Richard Pin- 
cema, William Flandrensis, Wydo Wak, and Hoel son 
of Archid, the two bailiffs of Swansea, Reymund de 
Sully, John de St. John, and Gilbert de Umfreville. 
17tn July, Richard Lelande was ordered to inspect the 
lands held by H. de Burgh as guardian of the Earl of 
Clare, and to report how they had been held by Peter 
de Rivaux and Richard Passelewe. This seems to have 
been preparatory to the handing them over to a new 
guardian. Siward's appointment was in fact tempo- 
rary, and 23rd January 1235, he had a safe conduct to 
surrender the lordship to Gilbert, Earl of Pembroke, 
who was admitted 28th February, and having been 
allowed the title and estates of his late brother, 
Richard Mareschal, was, 11th June, girded with the 
sword of the earldom. For the wardship of his ne- 
phew, and the lordship of Glamorgan, during the re- 
mainder of the minority, he fined 500 marcs. This 
acquisition placed the whole seaboard from Chepstow 
to Pembroke and Aberystwith, Gower alone excepted, 
in the hands of Earl Gilbert. Among those now re- 
stored were John de St. Quintin, who was to have his 
castle of Llanblethian and other lands in Glamorgan, 
Peter le Botiller, Thomas de Hawey , Thomas de Saund- 
ford, John de Reyny, Robert Fitz-Payn, Richard le 
Butiller, Jordan de Aunteston, Maurice de Cantilupe, 



THE EARLS OF GLOUCESTER AND HERTFORD. 103 

William de Barry, and William de Reyny. Also, as 
part of the general amnesty, the men of Bristol were 
to let those of Swansea have the wine that had been 
seized ; and the Abbot of Margam's ship was to be given 
up to John, the cellarer of that house. Neither were 
the burgesses of Bristol to vex those of Swansea by 
requiring of them customs' dues contrary to King 
John's charter and its confirmations. 9th June 1235, 
the Abbot of Neath had a license to send ships to 
England to trade. The amnesty extended to Ireland, 
and 7th November 1235, Milo de Rochford, taken in 
the war with Richard Earl Mareschal in Ireland, was 
to be released. 

Soon after, 12th March 1236, Ralph of Newcastle, 
having scruples of conscience about the source whence 
he received his church, renounced it before the chapter 
of Uandaff, and again accepted it as a free gift from 
the Abbot of Tewkesbury. 22nd April, the same Abbot 
and convent gave to Elias, Bishop of LlandaflF, the 
church of Lanedeme, retaining the tithes of Lambor- 
dan for the use of the priors of Cardiff, to whose sus- 
tenance they belonged. About the same time the Bishop 
and chapter confirmed to the same Abbot all the eccle- 
siastical benefices he held in the diocese. 4th July, 
Richard Siward seems again to have given offence, for 
he was taken at Gloucester, though soon afterwards 
set free. 

According to Matthew Paris, one of Henry's griev- 
ances against De Burgh was that he had married his 
daughter Margaret to Earl Richard, the King's ward, 
and a minor, without the leave of the King, who seems 
to have intended to marry him to his own niece, a Pro- 
vengal. Hubert denied this, and said he had no know- 
ledge of the matter. A curious account of the whole 
affair is recorded in the Close Roll of the 22nd Henry 
III, and extracted by Sir Duffris Hardy, whence it 
appears that, the day after Michaelmas 1238, the King 
had Hubert before him at Eccles, and called on him to 
resign all claim to the marriage of Richard de Clare, 



104 THB LAND OF MORGAN: 

that being one of the conditions of his pardon. Hubert 
took time to answer, and, finally, met the King at Ken- 
nington, where he stated that after the reconciliation 
at Gloucester, Henry led him to the altar and asked 
him to swear never ae:ain to mention the subject of 
the marriage, which hTdid, and took no forthei steps 
in the matter. On this, however, some of his friends 
said things had gone so far that the parties ought to 
be afl&anced, and the Countess said her daughter was 
committed, and that a marriage had actually taken 
place at St. Edmund's, while De Burgh was besieged 
at Merton. The matter was never quite cleared up, 
but Hubert does not appear to have been to blame, 
whatever may have been the case with his countess. 
He nevertheless had to make his peace by promising a 
sum of money to the King. 

Margaret seems to have died soon afterwards, in 
November 1237. The matter is obscure, and De Burgh's 
statement is supported by the fact that the King sold 
the EarFs "maritagium", 26th October 1237, to John 
de Lacy, Earl of Lincoln, for 3000 marks, and the re- 
mission of a debt of 2000 more, but this was subject to 
a power of cancelling the agreement, if by transferring 
the "maritagium" there should be any chance of bring- 
ing the Comte de la Marche to the Kmg s party. This 
was not acted upon. The bride was the Earl of Lin- 
coln's eldest daughter, Maud de Lacy, and the mar- 
riage took place 2nd February 1238, when the Earl 
was about sixteen years old, and seems, from an entry 
on the Patent Rolls, to have had opinions of his own, 
not at that time specially favourable to the royal cause. 

26th August 1237, died John de Goldchff, Abbot of 
Margam, and was succeeded by John la Ware. 8th 
March 1238, was a suit between Richard Fitz-Richard 
and Thomas de Marini, and the Abbot of Neath, for 
common of pasture in Horblauton. 30th August, 
Ralph de Somery, the farmer of the chapel of Cogan, 
died, and Wm. le Fleming of Glamorgan, led by 
evil counsels, declared himself attorney for the Lord 



THE EARLS OF GLOUCESTER AND HERTFORD. 105 

Richard de Cogan, presented the son of Wm. de 
Keymin (Reigny) to the chapel, and summoned by 
writ of last presentation Robert, Abbot of Tewkesbury, 
before the comitatus at Cardiff. After much dispute, 
William was adjudged not to be the attorney. 

The year opened with the secret marriage, 7th 
January 1238, of Simon de Montfort with the King's 
sister Eleanor, the widow of WilUam Earl Mareschal. 
This, which soon was known, gave great offence, Simon 
being then considered in England only as an obnoxious 
foreigner, while Eleanor had taken vows of chastity. 
Henry's own conduct, and his readmission of foreigners 
to power, promoted the general disaffection, and the 
King's brother, Richard Earl of Cornwall, and Richard 
Earl Mareschal, the leaders of the opposition, were 
expelled from court. In November the Bishop dedicated 
altars at Llandaff to the Saints James and Nicholajs, and 
endowed these altars with certain spiritual advantages. 

On St. Oswald's day, probably 5th August 1240, 
being a day over his eighteenth birthday, the young 
Earl was admitted to be of age for certain purposes, 
and he redeemed his Glamorgan lands and repaid to 
his guardian the 500 marcs, the price of his wardship. 
Dugdale, however, places this transaction in the 19th 
Henry IH, 1234-5. In May 1240, the Earl's daughter 
Isabel was bom, and 13th May died Elias Bishop of 
Llandaff, and Waleran Teutonicus was put in to admi- 
nister the temporalities of the see. He also collated to 
two stalls and the archdeaconry. The chapter then 
elected Maurice, also archdeacon, to the see, but he was 
set aside by the King. Next they elected William of 
Christchurch, who held the seat, but without installa- 
tion, till 1244, when he resigned, no doubt because 
disapproved by the King. Finally, another congS 
d'Slire was issued, and, 30th July 1246, William de 
Burgh, a king's chaplain, became Bishop. 23rd May, 
the Earl of Cornwall and Simon de Montfort left Eng- 
land for Palestine. They were escorted to Marseilles 
by the French king. During their absence Gilbert 



106 THE LAND OF MORGAN: 

Eaxl Mareschal died from the eflfects of an accident. 
Henry notified his death officially, 29th June 1241, to 
John de Monmouth, whom he orders to take posses- 
sion of the EarFs castles of Strigoyl, Usk, and Karelion; 
and should their keepers make resistance the King is 
to be informed at once. The Earl was succeeded by 
Walter the third brother. Henry at first refused him 
livery of the lands, but at last gave way, and on the 
Sunday before All Saints he was recognized as Earl 
Mareschal and of Pembroke. The King, however, 
resumed the custody of the castles of Cardiff (Caermar- 
then?) and Cardigan, which Hubert de Burgh and 
Earl Richard had held. The Welsh had been trouble- 
some, but by August 1241 they were quieted, and 
28th August 1242, Henry remitted his displeasure 
against the Abbot of Margam, who had harboured 
William de Marisco. In this year died Morgan Gam 
of Avan, and was buried at Margam. In this year 
also, 26th Henry III, the Sheriff of Norfolk is ordered 
to assign a dower to Alice, who had been wife of Roger de 
Clare, out of the lands which he had held of the heir 
of Earl Gilbert, now in the King's custody ; Alice paid 
200 marcs to have the custody of Roger's lands in Mid- 
dleton and the marriage of the heir. (Abb. Rot. Or., 
26th Henry III.^ In 1241, Fitz-Hamons body was 
translated into the choir at Tewkesbury, and placed 
on the left of the high altar. 7th August 1242, Gilbert 
de Sully, vicar of K., died, and 4th September the 
Abbot of Tewkesbury put in Walter Alured. 

25th July 1242, a dispute arose between Howel ap 
Meredith, Rhys ap Griffith, and Gilbert de Turberville, 
touching an infiuction of the truce in Miscin and 
Senghenydd. Robert, Abbot of Tewkesbury, William 
de Cardiff, James de Clare, and others the Earl's friends 
were sent down to make inquiries. They summoned a 
" comitatus" at Cardiff, 28tn July, took hostages fi:'om 
the Welshmen, and lodged them in Cardiff Castle, and 
so restored quiet. The Abbot took the opportunity to 
visit Llanblethian to accept the transfer of the church, 



THE EARLS OF GLOUCESTER AND HERTFORD. 107 

in pursuance of the decree of the prior of Winchcombe, 
Papal subdelegate. This related to the incumbency 
and farm of the benefice of which Roger Mailoc, pro- 
bably a nephew of Ralph, had been deprived for 
arrears of rent. The see being then vacant, the arch- 
deacon, as ordinary, presented Thomas de Pennarth. 
The Abbot refused to allow this ; upon which Thomas 
resigned, and accepted the benefice at the hands of the 
Abbot, with the oTbventions and profits of the church, 
excepting the tithe sheaves. On this Roger sued the 
Abbot before the comitatus. Roger had an uncle Rhys, 
and was otherwise well supported, so the Abbot offered 
him a pension of five marcs, which at the Earl's re- 
quest was raised to six, but stUl was refused as insuf- 
ficient. The Abbot, as a safeguard, took letters of 
protection from the Earl, addressed to the vicecomes. 

The Earls returned from the Holy Land early in 
1242, but the Earl of Gloucester was probably too 
young to take part in the fierce discussion that then 
arose in Parliament, as to assisting the King to recover 
his foreign possessions. No doubt his sympathies were 
with his stepfather, the Earl of Cornwall, but nothing 
is heard of him before the 4th August 1243, when he 
was of fiill age. A message was sent to Henry, then 
on the continent, pressing him to give seizin of the 
estates by letter. This he declined to do, and the 
Earl actually had seizin at Winchester 29th August, 
and, finally, 23rd September, the King accepted his 
homage. (Plac. Cor on. ^ 27 th Hen. III.) With his 
other lands he received those which his mother, the 
Countess of Cornwall, had held in dower. In this 
transaction the convent of Tewkesbury became his 
" fidei jussores" in 300 marcs to the Earl of Cornwall, 
and in return took a bond of indemnity fi-om the 
young Earl. A little earlier, the 25th of March, the 
Abbot of Tewkesbury gave to Rely Morgan a yearly 
pension of two marcs until he should provide him with 
a better benefice, and Rely gave up nis pension fi-om 
Llandough, into which he had been inducted by Arch- 
deacon Maurice, his uncle. 



108 THE LAND OF MORGAi^: 

2nd September 1243, the Earl's eldest son, Gilbert, 
was bom at Christchurch in Hampshire. It was in 
this year that Hawise de Londres, heiress of the great 
Lordships of Kidwelly and Ogmore, married Patric de 
Chaworth, and laid the foundation of a valuable part 
of the after Duchy of Lancaster. He fell in battle 
against the Welsh, at Caermarthen, 7th September 

1258. Also in this year J , Vicar of Dinas Powis, 

won his cause against Tewkesbury, and 1 5 marcs costs, 
and obtained the small tithes. Howel ap Meredith 
was again in rebellion, and Kenfig was again burned. 

On the death, in 1240, of Bishop Elias, the custos 
claimed for the Earl the right, as chief lord, to take 
possession of such lands a^ were held of him by the 
Bishop. Also, on the death of Archdeacon Maurice, 14th 
December 1242, the Custos claimed to appoint and put 
in Ralph of Newcastle, some Canons dissenting, some 
approving. Ralph held office until the King's proctor 
objected and nominated, and as the Earl had not as 
yet had seizin of his lands, it was thought better to 
submit. 29th March 1244, Thomas, the King's Arch- 
deacon, had a protection, and in July a royal licence 
allowed the Chapter to elect a Bishop. Meantime, 
Ralph, when Archdeacon, had appointed a Vicar to 
the chapel of St. John at Cardiff, against which Prior 
Ralph de Derby had appealed. The transactions con- 
nected with the recent appointment to the see of 
Llandaff led to a dispute between the King and the 
Earl ; and it appears from the Placita CoroncBy that 
the Earl gave up his claim. R. de Clare came before 
the King and acknowledged that the " Baculum pas- 
torale" and patronage of the bishopric belonged of 
right to the King, but a day was named for him to 
show what it was he claimed. What he did claim 
was the custody of the lands held of him, and the 
coUation to the prebends and the archdeaconry. 
The new Bishop, probably soon after taking his seat, 
appeared before the King, and admitted, very untruly, 
that he held nothing from any other in his bishopric 



THE EARLS OF GLOUCESTER AND HERTFORD. 109 

save from the King. In 1245, Roger de Somery (of 
Dinas Powis) has a protection in Wales from the King. 

On Whit Sunday, 1244 (?), the Earl seems to have 
been knighted by the King ; and in March 1245, upon 
the aid for marrying the King s eldest daughter, he 
was assessed at £261 10s. upon 261^ fees, besides 12^ 
fees in Kent, and £43 for 43 fees, his moietv of the 
Honour of Giffard. In 1245, the Earl was among 
those who made a bold attempt before the Council of 
Lyons to moderate Papal tyranny in England. In 
this year Henry summoned certain Welsh lords to do 
homage to him at Westminster, 30th April, and among 
them the son of Morgan Gram and Howel ap Meredith. 
The latter had been disseized of his lands by the Earl. 
5th February 1245, the Lord Herbert Fitz-Mathew 
met his death in a certain combe near Avan Castle, 
crushed by a mass of rock, which broke his neck. A 
writ of **diem clausit" was issued 7th February, but 
M. Paris lays the scene in North Wales. Probably it 
took place in the gorge of the Avan, a mile or so above 
the castle, which stood on the right bank of the river, 
close to the church of Aberavan. 1245-6, the bailiffs 
of Bristol were ordered to seize all the wool purchased 
by the Ghent merchants from the Abbot of Margam, 
and to hold it till further orders. 

About this time the great House of Mareschal came 
to an end. Earl Walter died at Goderich Castle, 24th 
November 1245, and his writ of "diem clausit" was 
issued 3rd December ; and 5th December his brother 
and successor Anselm, the youngest and the last, also 
died, and childless. He was buried at Tewkesbury. 
This death broke up the estate, and left the De Clares 
without a rival in South Wales. About the same time 
the Earl proposed to meet Guy de Lusignan, one of the 
new batch of the King's foreign relations, at a tourna- 
ment at Dunstable. The King, however, seems to 
have feared for his half-brother, and forbade the meet- 
ing, as he did a later one proposed at Northampton. 
The Earl granted Petersfield, Mapledurham, and some 



110 THE LAND OF MORGAN: 

other manors to his brother William, and it would 
seem introduced the Augustine Friars into England. 
The Welsh also occupied much of his attention. In 
1246, he allowed the Tewkesbury Monks a free water- 
flow, "liberam aqueductam", across his lands. 17th 
July 1247, Stephen Bawcen, an active soldier con- 
nected with Glamorgan, had an allowance of £25 yearly 
to sustain him in the King's service. 

In 1248, more of the King's half-brothers had ar- 
rived, and in the midst of the rising discontent the 
Earl chose to take the part of the foreigners, at a 
tournament at Brackley, where he aided William de 
Valence to overthrow William de Odingselles, a Knight 
of Warwickshire. At Newbury he repeated this con- 
duct, and thereby much offended the Baronage. 21st 
July, the Earl had a son bom, who was named Bevis. 
In this year he sued the Abbot of Tewkesbury for the 
advowsons of three churches. The Bishop of Llandaff 
absolved the Prior of Cardiff from a certain sentence 
by which he was bound for the Vicarage of Cardiff. 
The Vicar there had all the money coming into the 
Chapel of St. John, but had to pay out of it 205. a year 
to the Prior for the liquor of a Priest at the Prior's 
table. At Llantwit, the Vicarage had all the " altala- 
gium", or altar dues, with the great and small tithes, 
except the tithe sheaf of hay, and the tithes of the 
Chapel of Lyswomey. Also the Lord William de 
Cardiff impleaded the Abbot of Tewkesbury for the 
land of LapuU, and, in 1250, quit-claimed all his right 
therein to the Earl and the Abbot. Richard, Prior of 
Cardiff, died, and Alan de Comubia succeeded, who 
also died soon after, when Philip le Leche became 
Prior. Philip was probably a member of a family at 
one time holding land in Glamorgan, which probably 
ve name to the manor and fortified house of 
che Castle in Wenvoe. He died 15th December 
1261. The Abbot seems to have indulged in a cross 
action, for he impleaded De Cardiff concerning a 
chantry chapel at Walton-Cardiff and a right of way 




THE EARLS OF GLOUCESTER AND HERTFORD. Ill 

across his meadow. In 33rd Henry III, Henry de 
Umfreville accounted for £45 for 9 fees held of the 
Honour of Gloucester, and Richard de Kerdiff was 
quitted for 365. 8d. 

In 1249, the Earl, with the Earl of Cornwall, went 
beyond sea, and visited the Pope at Lyons and St. 
Edmund's of Pontigny. Their absence was brief, but 
included the Easter !rarliament. At this time, 33rd 
Henry III, the Abbot of Margam accounted for five 
marcs in the Pipe Roll for having an assize, and 12th 
June 1249, the chapter of Llandaff, under licence, 
elected John la War, Abbot of Margam, to the see 
of Llandaff. Nicholas, however, places this election 
26th July 1253, in which year he fixes the death 
of Bishop de Bu^h. 

In 1250 the Earl officiated as hereditary seneschal 
and butler at the enthronisation of Boniface of Savoy 
as Archbishop, according to his tenure of Tonbridge, 
and in this year also he was invested with the militairy 
belt. He, again, had a dispute with Tewkesbury, on 
this occasion concerning rights of "fossa et furca' , pit 
and gallows, claimed by the Abbot, who was allowed 
these powers in Wimborne and Cranbome, with a 
gallows at Cranborne, where he seems very conveniently 
to have found a subject for his newly admitted justice. 
This year the Earl visited Compostella, returning 15th 
July, and bestowed knighthood upon William de W ilton 
and Peter le Botiler at Harley. In 1250, 29th June, 
Abbot John resigned Margam, and was succeeded, 22nd 
September, by Thomas de Perth waite. In 1251 the 
Cranbome dispute was revived, the Earl denying the 
right claimed for the priory as well as the manor of 
Beveridge. In the claim, power of life and death seem 
oddly mixed up with common of pasture. It was said that 
the Abbot had usurped his power during the minority. 
The Earl asked an aid from his tenants to marry his 
daughter, but it appeared that no such aid had before 
been asked for, nor was he prepared to name the bride- 
groom. It appeared also that he had had a survey 



112 THE LAND OF MORGAN: 

made of his villenages, and had raised the dues. Roger 
Luvel, the Tewkesbury proctor at Rome, was appointed 
to act also for the Earl. In 1251-2 the Pipe Roll 
shows a grant of £40 from the King to Stephen Baw- 
cen. 34th Henry III the King issued a mandate, in 
the Close Rolls, to the Bailiffs of Kerdiff to permit one 
whom they had arrested for theft "in the King's 
Court" to go forth without stopping any of the things 
stolen. 

In 1252, the Earl held his Easter at Tewkesbury, 
and confirmed to the Chapter of Llandaff half the tithe 
of the Chapel of Lanternen (Llantamam) 17th April. 
The King wished to marry the EarFs son Gilbert, a 
youth of great promise, to Alice, daughter of Guy 
Comte d'AngoulSsme, his half-brother, offering witn 
her a portion of 5,000 marcs. The Earl at first ac- 
cepted, and gave a bond for 10,000 marcs in case 
he broke off the match. He then changed his mind, 
and sent the Abbot of Tewkesbury and . the Prior of 
Stokes to the King. Meantime he and his son went 
abroad, it being intended that the youth should win 
distinction in arms. It was about this time that the 
Earl interfered to save the credit of his brother 
William, who had lost horse and arms in a joust. The 
Earl took his place, recovered the spoils, and brought 
his brother home with honour towards mid-Lent. He 
seems also to have visited Gascony, where Simon de 
Montfort's conduct was the subject of an inquiry. It 
is said to have been during this visit to the continent 
that the young Gilbert and William de Valence pro- 
voked contempt by their effeminacy, and got worsted 
at a tournament, a great contrast with the EarFs 
action on behalf of his brother. At Christmas, 
1252, a daughter was bom to the Earl at Llantrissant, 
probably within the castle. In this year also he caused 
Milo, his chamberlain, to be imprisoned at Usk. 

In 1253 the Earl, who was very expert in the use of 
arms, took part in a tournament abroad. About the 
11th July he returned to find that Henry, after a 



THE EARLS OF GLOUCESTER AND HERTFORD. 113 

stormy discussion, had confirmed the public charters 
with unusual solemnity, under promise of an aid. To 
this aid the Earl strongly objected, and, as was the 
custom with the nobles of that day, he spoke his mind 
to the King very fi-eelv, and retired from the presence 
in great anger. He then paid a short visit to Ireland. 
In this year, the young Gilbert, born 2nd September 
1243, then therefore about ten years old, was con- 
tracted, while abroad, to Alice of Angouldsme, the 
King's niece. Anselm (Hist. Genecd., etc., iii, 78) de- 
scribes her as Alasi or Alise de Lezignati, daughter of 
Hugh le Brun, Comte de la Marche et d' Angouldsme, by 
Isabel, widow of King John of England, and daughter 
and heir of Aymar, Comte d'AngoulSsme. The actual 
marriage seems to have taken place in 1257. Anselm 
says she was divorced in 1258, but this, it will be seen, 
is an error. Also in 1253 Kobert Musgrose held the 
Honour of Gloucester, probably as Sheriff or receiver. 

After renewed disputes with the barons concerning 
foreign service, the King, 7th September 1254, took 
the Earl with him to Bordeaux, where he was present 
when Henry conferred Gascony upon Prince Edward, 
and at the Prince's marriage with Eleanor of Castile. 
Thence the Earl visited Paris, where were the Kings 
of France, England, and Navarre. He returned with 
the King and Queen, by New- Year's Day 1255, to 
England, where public affairs had become critical. 
Henry was hopelessly indebted ; no money was to be 
had from his Parliament : even his brother and his son 
were obliged to protest against his proceedings, and de 
Montfort, now in England, was in litigation with the 
Crown about his wife s jointure. 

25th May 1255, a proposed tournament at Blythe 
was forbidden. 10th August, the Earl, foi:tified with 
credentials, went to Scotland with John Mansel, the 
celebrated pluralist, to relieve and, if possible, rescue 
Heme's sister, the Scottish Queen, then a prisoner in 
Edinburgh Castle. This he managed successfully, by 
a mixture of force and address, to the satisfaction of 



114 THE LAND OF MORGAN: 

both her husband and brother. It seems to have been 
in November of this year that Robert, Abbot of 
Tewkesbury, died, and the Earl confirmed the choice of 
Thomas as the new Abbot. The Earl had a dispute 
with the monks, whom he compelled to follow him to 
Fairfbrd for a settlement of their claims upon the tithe 
of Rendcombe. In this or the preceding year, the Earl 
was paying to the King 640 marcs, being two years' 
amount of a charge of £80 per annum on the Earl Mare- 
schal's lands in Ireland for the dower of Eleanor the 
King's sister, and de Montfort's wife. Her share was 
one-fifth of the income, which therefore must have been 
£400 per annum. Here the marc is taken at 55. in- 
stead of Gs. 8d. as usual. It was also probably about 
this time that was drawn up the agreement mentioned 
bv Nash (Wore, ii, 135) between Earl Richard and 
the Bishop of Worcester concerning Malvern Chase, in 
which the Abbot of Tewkesbury and Lord William de 
la Mare acted for the Earl, and among the witnesses 
to which appear Philip Basset and Stephen Bawcen. 
It seems that John, Earl of Moreton, in 1196, while 
Lord of Glamorgan, granted to the Bishop of Worcester 
licence to assart land in Malvern Forest, and Coun- 
tess Isabel confirmed the grant. The dispute, however, 
was by no means settled, and reappears in the reign of 
Edward I. 

12th June 1256, letters of credence were given to the 
Earl and Robert Walerand, with their suite, addressed 
to the Princes of Germany. They seem by the Patent 
Rolls to have left England 22nd June. Their mission 
was to watch at Frankfort the election of the King of 
the Romans, in the interest of the Earl of Cornwall, 
and to adminster bribes to and receive the fealty of 
the electors, preparatory to the crowning of Richard in 
the following December. Among the Earl's attendants 
were John and Robert TurbervUle and Adam Waleys, 
all connected with Glamorgan. 29th June 1256, John 
de la Ware, Bishop of Llandaff, died; and on 30th 
July William de Radnor was elected Bishop. The 



THE EARLS OF GLOUCESTER AND HERTFORD. 115 

29th June was a remarkable day in Bishop de la Ware's 
life. On that day he resigned Margam, on that day 
was elected Bishop, and on that day he died. In the 
same year the Earl founded the house of the Black 
Friars, outside the west gate of Cardiff. 7th November, 
Kichard Siward of Talavan was dead, and his twice 
widowed wife, Ela, Countess of Warwick, had married 
Philip Basset. In this year Prince Edward received 
from John de Monmouth the Castle and Honour of 
Monmouth in fee. Henry also invested him with regal 

Eowers in Ireland, and the Earl of Gloucester did him 
omage for his land there. 
In 1257, Henry seems also to have transferred the 
conduct of Welsh affairs to the Prince, who laid on a 
tax which excited Llewelyn ap David to take up arms. 
Griffith ap Khys had died 11th June 1256. The Earl, 
whom M. Paris calls a dear friend to the King, was in 
command of the royal forces in Glamorgan and Pem- 
broke, and generally in South Wales. It was in this 
somewhat unsuccessftd campaign that Stephen Bawcen 
was slain. 24th July, Roger de Somery, summoned by 
the King to Chester, was afterwards directed to pro- 
ceed witn all his forces to protect Glamorgan, where 
he held lands. The Close Eioll, 42nd Henry III, men- 
tions the claim of Alex, de St. Severino for the price of 
45 dolia of wine, which the thieves of Glamorgan, West 
Wales, and Gower, had taken and conveyed to Devon- 
shire, to the damage of Earl Bichard, whose merchant 
he was. The Sheriffs of Devon and Somerset are to 
seize the goods, unless the Earl or the Sheriff of 
Glamorgan admits them to have been come by law- 

23rd July, either in this or the following year, the 
Earl was taken ill at Sonning, near Heading, and 
William Scotney, his seneschal and chief adviser, was 
charged with administering poison to him and his 
brother William, at a breakfast given by Prince 
Edward at Winchester. William died 23rd July at 
Betheresford, and was buried at Dareford (probably 

I 2 



116 THE LAND OF MORGAN: 

Dertford) Abbey, privately, instead of at Tewkesbury 
as be had wished, lest the news should reach and prove 
fatal to his brother. The Eaxl recovered, but lost his 
hair and his complexion ; his teeth and nails threatened 
to fall off, and he was much disfigured. Scotney was 
dragged asunder by horses at Winchester, or, by some 
accounts, hanged, 26th May 1259, and his quarters 
suspended from a gallows. The Earl, however, managed 
to be present at Tewkesbury, 20th April 1258, when 
he obtained a procession, and gave the kiss of peace 
to all present. In this year, 6th September, the 
Welsh attacked Neath with 800 mail-clad horsemen, 
and 7,000 footmen. They failed to take the castle, 
but burned the town up to the gates, "et sic ad dse- 
mones redierunt". 

During these years the Earl seems to have been 
acting, though perhaps not very cordially, with the 
King's party, but Henry's conduct had gradually 
alienated from him all men, even those of moderate 
opinions. In 1258, matters drew to a head, but the 
Earl was stUl with the King, who, 22nd January, 
having heard that Llewelyn proposed to marry his 
sister Margaret, directed the Earl to take her in charge 
and guard her safely. 8th March, he was at Court and 
witnessed a royal charter relating to St. Alban's. The 
opening Parliament of the year met in London, 9th 
April, and sat till the 5th May. Howel ap Meredith 
and the Welsh leaders had made an alliance with 
Scotland. The discussions were unsatisfe^toiy. and 
the assembly was adjourned to the 11th June at 
Oxford. In August, the Earl was directed by the 
King to inquire as to the large sums of money said to 
have been taken beyond sea by his half-brothers. 

The Parliament thus adjourned was the "Mad Parlia- 
ment". The Barons who had attended in London 
armed, came to Oxford under summons for a Welsh 
campaign, in full array for war. As in the time of 
John, a committee was appointed, and in the list the 
Earl of Gloucester appears with de Montfort on the 



THE EARLS OF GLOUCESTER AND HERTFORD. 117 

Barons' side, and in the subsequent very complex 
arrangements he took an active part, and was one of 
those by whom, 18th October 1258, the King's adhe- 
sion to the Acts of the Council was accepted, and who 
shared in the provisional government of the following 
year, and until the outbreat of the civil war. He also 
signed the letter to the Pope against the admission of 
the Poitevins. The Earl had charge this year of the 
manors of Aymer, Bishop of Winchester, then banished, 
and it was not until the 7th or 8th of Edward I that 
Earl Gilbert, his son, was called upon by a writ of 
"praBoipe" to surrender them. In 1258 the Abbot and 
Convent of Tewkesbury paid to Master Henry de 
Stratford 10 marcs upon a suit between him and Roger 
Boyfield, one of their monks, on an agreement concern- 
ing grain, entered into at Cardiff when Roger was Prior 
there. 

In 1259 Parliament met early in the year, and the 
jealousy between the personal influence of de Montfort, 
and the hereditary influence of Earl Richard, led to a 
personal altercation between them. Earl Simon was 
impatient of the Earl of Gloucester's moderate and 
somewhat temporising policy, which was the more 
irritating that he was far too powerful to be set aide. 
"For you, my Lord Earl of Gloucester," said he, "the 
higher your position above us all, the more are you 
bound to carry these statutes into effect." Indeed, 
Gloucester's whole conduct up to that time shows that 
he was not inclined to press too strongly on the King, 
with whom he kept up some sort of personal terms. 
10th May he was named to arrange for the marriage of 
Henry's daughter Beatrice with John, eldest son oi the 
Duke of Britany; and 18th May the King had lent 
him certain artificers. 25th May, in this year or 1260, 
died James de Clare, probably a near kinsman. After 
the personal altercation with de Montfort, the Earl 
seems to have gone abroad, as special Ambassador to 
the King of France. Earl Simon, however, is joined 
with him in the patent, and a reconciliation was 



118 THE LAND OF MORGAN: 

patched up between them by the Earl of Hereford and 
others, no doubt in consequence of the King's procla- 
mation of the 28th of March. Gloucester sent Herwin, 
his seneschal, through his domains, to see that the 
statutes were obeyed, and it probably arose out of this 
that, 20th July, John de Cokefield was assigned to 
hear the "Querela transgressionis et injurise" by Earl 
Richard and his bailiffs in Gloucester, Suffolk, Essex, 
Cambridge, and Herts. In this and the preceding years 
the Patent Rolls show that the Earl had a licence to 
crenellate and fortify the Isle of Portland, and the 
towns and ports of Weymouth and Wyke. The cre- 
nellation probably related to "Bow and Arrow Castle", 
a curious fortress of Norman date, still standing on the 
east cliff of Portland. He had also a licence to build 
castles at Walden in Essex, and at Southwood in 
Suffolk. 

The summer of this year seems to have been occu- 
pied in a trial of strength between the two parties in 
the ruling council ; de Montfort, and with him Prince 
Edward, seeing the necessity for speedy action, and 
Gloucester being indisposed to move. In October, a 
remonstrance by the milita^ tenants of the knightly 
class throughout England afiamied that the King had 
done his part, and it was for the council no longer 
to neglect to do theirs. The results were the Pro- 
visions of Westminster, drawTi up in this month. The 
part taken by the Earl of Gloucester is indicated by 
the inclusion of his name among the twelve Barons 
chosen to reform the State, as well as in the later 
council of fifteen. He was not one of the twelve 
parliamentary commissioners, but appears among the 
twenty-four of "the aid". 7th November, by an agree- 
ment with the Abbot of St. Edmund's, he concluded a 
law plea which had lasted nine years and five days, 
and m the same month he either preceded or accom- 
panied the King to France, to take part in the formal 
resignation of Normandy, and to settle some other 
differences between the Crowns ; and during the short 



THE EARLS OP GLOUCESTER AND HERTFORD. 119 

remainder of his life his influence was, on the whole, 
exerted in the King's favour. He led the moderate 
party. 

In 1260 the state of affairs compelled Henry's return 
to England, and Earl Richard accompanied him. 30th 
April he met the Barons at St. Paul's, and was re- 
conciled to Prince Edward, who had urged on the 
obnoxious reforms. At the meeting, Gloucester and de 
Montfort a^ came to words, and besides their pubUc 
difference, de Montfort refiised to give up his wife's 
lands in Normandy, and so endangered the recent 
understanding with France. The Earl, however, to 
some extent, still acted with de Montfort, and by so 
doing probably hampered his proceedings far more than 
had he openly taken the King's part. 30th May, the 
Welsh attacked Builth Castle, while Roger Mortimer, 
its keeper, was attending the King in London. He 
was officially acquitted of all blame. The castle, though 
small, was strong, as its earthworks still show. In the 
summer Gloucester had a violent quarrel with Prince 
Edward, which caused great general anxiety, but, 22nd 
June, harmony was re-established by the mediation of 
Henry and his brother, the King of the Romans. An 
Agreement then drawn up is referred to in the Calendar 
of the Patent Rolls for the year, but the document 
itself is not given. In this year Ralph Basset, pre- 
viously mentioned, died. About the same time, while 
the Earl was at Tewkesbury, a certain Jew fell into a 
Jakes and refused to be taken out because the day was 
the Sabbath. On this the Earl, with a curious miscon- 
ception of his Christian duties, refiised to have him 
taken out on the following, being the Christian Sabbath, 
and left him to perish. The story was made the sub- 
ject of a quatrain : — 

'^ ' Tende manus, Salomon, ut te de steroore tollam.* 
' Sabbata nostra colo, de stercore surgere nolo. 
£n ruit altra dies, nunc me de stercore tolles.' 
' Sabbata nostra colo, de stercore toUere nolo.' " 

In this year he attended with the King, under a safe- 



120 THE LAND OF MORGAN : 

conduct, the ftmeral of the French king's eldest son. 
In a letter from the Earl to the King, 1 5th June, pro- 
bably 1261, he states that his health prevents his 
attendance on the King in London. He acknowledges 
a letter from the King about Prince Edward's affaS^s, 
about which the Earl has ordered J. Breton to meet 
him at Tewkesbury. 15th December, Philip de Leche, 
Prior of CardifiF. died, and 27th June Mowing was sue- 
ceeded by William of Deerhurst. 

In 1262, 7th May, it appears from the rolls of Parlia- 
ment that the Earl granted to Chancellor Walter de 
Merton the manors of Farley and Chessendon in aid of 
his new foundation, and by another document he in- 
formed Roger de Horn, his seneschal at Tonbridge, 
that he confirmed gifts to the same Walter by Roger 
at Maiden, and by Philip Basset and Ela, Countess of 
Warwick, his wife; 8th July, the Earl recommends to 
the Chancellor s favour GeoflBrey de Aspall, his clerk, 
and John, the brother of the latter. 

In June the Earl was taken ill at the table of Peter 
of Savoy, the Queen's uncle, and was thought to have 
been poisoned. He died 15th (or 22nd) July 1262, 
"ante statutum", at Eschemerfield in Kent, and was 
buried 28th July in the choir at Tewkesbury, on the 
right of his father, in a tomb which his widow encrusted 
with gold and precious stones, and which bore this 
somewhat superlative epitaph : — 

" Hie pudor Hippoliti, Paridis gena, sensus Ulissis, 
Mnesd pietas, Hectoris ira jacet." 

The Bishops of Llandaff and Worcester, eight to 
twelve Abbots, and many Barons, Knights, and other 
considerable persons attended at the burying. His 
actual sword and spurs were suspended over his tomb, 
and to all praying for his soul's weal Archbishop Boni- 
face gave forty days' indulgence, and the Bishops of 
Chester, Llandaff, and Worcester twenty days' each, to 
which Worcester and Llandaff added ten more to 
all repeating ten Paternosters and three Ave Marys 



THE EARLS OF GLOUCESTER AND HERTFORD. 121 

within the year. In the Annals of Tewkesbury he is 
recorded as " Vir nobilis et omni laude dignus." 

1st Edward I. In the Memoranda Roll Master John 
de Sethwille and John de Bruis (Braose) are named as 
executors of the EarFs will, but those given in the 
RoUs of Parliament are Hugh Bigod and others. The 
debts were considerable, both to the King and to pri- 
vate persons. One debt to the merchants was 480 
marcs; and another to Hugh de Gundeville, 300 marcs. 
7th Edward I, Sethwille received £80. 12th Edward I, 
the account was still unsettled, both with the Ex- 
chequer and the general debtors and creditors. 
£127 8^. 4rf. was allowed for the farm of the Barton 
of Bristol for eight to ten years. This possession, 
therefore, severed from the castle, was still a part of 
the estate. 

47th Henry III, Countess Maud had an assignation 
of dower which included Bedwin and Winchcombe, 
and the castles and manors of Usk, TriUech, and Clare. 
52nd Henry III, she purchased the manor of Long 
Stratton in Norfolk. Their children were — 1, Gilbert; 
2, Thomas, a man of some mark in his day. He was 

fovemor of St. Briavel's Castle in April, 49th 
[enry III, and custos of the royal forest in Essex, and 
for his conduct at Lewes made governor of Colchester 
Castle. 51st Henry III, he went with Prince Edward 
to Palestine, and brought home four Saracen prisoners. 
55th Henry III, or 1st Edward I, he was governor of 
London, and soon afterwards went to Ireland with a 
grant of Thomond and a roving commission to conquer 
all he could. Soon after his landing he was himself 
conquered by the charms of Julian, third daughter of 
Maurice, son of Maurice Fitz-Gerald, by Emmeline, 
daughter and heir of Sir Stephen Longesp^e, a natural 
son of Henry II and Rosamond Clifltord. With her 
he had Youghal, where the provost and borough 
adopted his arms, the one sealmg with de Clare im- 
paling Fitz-Gerald with a label, both dimidiated; the 
other with de Clare and Fitz-Gerald, each with a label 



I 



122 THE LAND OF MORGAN: 

and each upon a heater-shaped shield. He built Bun- 
ratty Castle. For the rest, his career was unfortunate; 
he was thrice defeated, and, finally, kUled by the Irish in 
1285. His wife was alive in 1321. They left issue John, 
Gilbert, Richard, and Thomas. Richard, the third son 
was probably the Richard de Clare who was summoned 
to Parliament 26th October 1309. He left issue 
Thomas de Clare, who died childless, 14th Edward II, 
1320-21, leaving his father's sisters his heirs. He was 
robably the male heir of the House of Clare, though 
e does not seem to have claimed the Honours. Pro- 
bably the settlement made by the penultimate Earl 
on his marriage with Princess Joan precluded him 
from the estate. He is not mentioned by Dugdale. 

3. Bevis, Benedict, or Bogo, bom llth or 21st July 
1248, was a canon of York. 4. Isabel, bom May 
1240, said by Anselm to have been a nun at Barking, 
but who married at Lyons, 13th June 1257, the Mar- 
quis di Ponte Ferrato, and was escorted thither by a 
Tewkesbury monk. 5. Margaret, bom at Llantrissant, 
Christmas 1250. She married Edmund, a younger 
son of Richard Earl of Cornwall, but his eldest by 
Saunchia of Provence. He was regent during Edward's 
absence in Palestine. She was divorced, childless, 22nd 
Edward I, and compelled by the Bishop of Winchester 
" vitam vivere caBlibem." 6. Roesia, born 17th October 
1252, married Roger Mowbray. 54th Henry III, 
Roger Estraneus and Matilda his wife, and Matilda 
de Mowbray, are bound to Matilda Countess of Glou- 
cester in a fine if Roger, son and heir of Roger de Mow- 
bray, does not many Roesia, daughter of the Countess. 
The witnesses are Gilbert de (^lare Earl of Gloucester 
and Hertford, Thomas de Clare, Henry de Sully, Pau- 
linus de Kerdifi*, Thomas de Bellocampo, Walter de 

la , Hy. de Umfravile, knights, John, Abbot of 

Tintern. The marriage took place in 1270. 7. Eglan- 
tine, bom 1257, died an infant, fifteen weeks old, and 
was buried at Tewkesbury. Another Bogo, well 
known in the reign of Edward I, seems to have been 
a cousin. 



THE EARLS OF GLOUCESTER AND HERTFORD. 123 

On the EarFs death, Nicholas Berkeley, and after- 
ward Petronel de la Mare, took charge of the Honour. 
The jurors on his inquisition were directed to make 
return " de maneriis quae idem comes nomine custodise 
et firmae tenuit die obitus suae." In Glamoi^n he so 
held only Marcross, 46th Henry III. 

Earl Kichard died at a very critical period in his 
own career and m the history of his country. His 
rank and alliances, his immense m^perty, Zd his 
power in the Welsh Marches made him a most impor- 
tant person, second only to King Henry and his 
brother the King of the Romans. The moderation 
of his character in a reign continuaUy verging upon 
civil war placed him in opposition, sometimes to one 
party, sometimes to the other, and probably neither 
Henry nor Prince Edward, nor Simon de Montfort 
thought him to be relied upon. He died just when 
it would have been absolutely necessary to take a 
decided part, and had he lived, that part would pro- 
bably have been with the King. He was personally 
brave, and experienced in the use of arms and in 
warfare. 

The lordship of Glamorgan fell into the King's 
hands, the young Earl being a minor. Humphry de 
Bohun at once took charge, and reported to tne King, 
who acknowledged his letter, and committed to him, 
18th July, the castles of Usk, Tregrue (?), Newburg, 
Kaerdiff, Lantrissan, Langenyth, Neth, and all other 
fortalices and their appurtenances in Wales. Philip 
Basset the Justiciar is to move John de Breos 
to deliver up Lantrissant Castle to de Bohun. 1st 
February 1263, 100 marcs are allowed to store the 
castles; Walter de Sully, sheriff, is, we are told, 
" bonus homo et potens in provincia". De Bohun 
reported to the Chancellor that all was then quiet, 
and that he had equipped the castles. 4th August 
1263, the King directed Roger de Clifford to assist 
Humphrey. Inquiry is to be made into the late EarFs 
tenure of the manor of Buckingham, which William 



124 THE LAND OF MORGAN : 

de Breos alleged that his brother John had leased 
fraudulently. Bohun is to employ Robert de Meisy, 
Trahilo ap Hoel, and Ealph de Auste to make an 
extent or survey of the lordship, and Walter and 
Henry de Sully are to have quittance concerning a 
summons in Devon ; and whereas John de Sully had 
been enfeoffed by the Earl of a carucate of land in 

and one in Orchiston, he is to receive them from 

the escheator, 7th December. The extent was also 
directed of the lands in Gloucester, Essex, and Suffolk. 
The King announced the EarFs death to Philip Basset 
the justiciary and to Walter de Merton the Chancellor, 
and approved their doings at Amiens. 

It appeared that William le Sor held of the "Honour 
of Tewkesbury" 13 fees. Also, 18th February, Grifl^ 
de Bedwas, who was detained in the King's prison at 
Cardiff, was to be delivered by the Sheriff to M. Bezile, 
constable of Gloucester Castle. 

De Bohun did not long act as custos. On account of 
debility he is to deliver up his charge to Walter de 
Sully; 1 February 1266, he was superseded in the 
command of the army in Wales by John de Grey, 
and Henry wrote to Llewelyn to inform him of the ap- 
pointment. 15th February 1263, the King informed 
the barons, knights, and loyal men of Glamorgan that 
Walter de Sully had charge of the lands and castles 
of the late Earl of Gloucester, which had been held 
by Humphrey de Bohun ; and, 1 5th June, a royal letter 
to Sully informs him that he was to be in charge for 
three weeks or a month, in fact until the Earl had 
seizin. It appeared that William de Powyk had been 
constituted to take depositions in a dispute between 
the prior of Ewenny and the Abbot of Margam, con- 
cerning tenements in Llanmeuthin. Also the Sheriff 
of Cardiff was directed to act as to certain crops be- 
longing to the Abbot of St. Peter's, Gloucester, at 
Tregof and Lancarvan, seized on account of a vacancy 
in that office. The Archbishop of Canterbury had 
placed his seneschal in charge of Tonbridge Castle, 



THE EARLS OF GLOUCESTER AND HERTFORD. 125 

whence he is ordered to transmit six Welsh prisoners 
to the constable of Rochester Castle. They were 
Thurk (?), Howel ap Meulyn, Meuth ap Leulyn, Tudor 
Howel, Howel ap Ivor (?) and Meureth. 

Gilbert de Clare, sumamed " the Red", "quia rufus 
erat et pulcher aspectu", 7th Earl of Gloucester and 
7th of Hertford, and 9th Earl of Clare, succeeded in 
July 1262, 46th Henry III, being then nineteen years 
of age, not as yet girded with the sword of knighthood, 
and married to Alice de la Marche or d'Angoulesme, 
by whom he had one child, Isabel, born 10th March 
1262. 

27th June, the Abbot of Tewkesbury appointed 
William de Deerhurst Prior of Cardiff. The minority 
was a short one, for, 3rd August, the young Earl did 
homage, and had livery of the castles of Cardiff, New- 
burffh (Newport), and Llantrissant, and of the Welsh 
lorcfthip, of which Hereford was to give seizin ; which 
cost the Earl £1000. The Hundreds of Wathelston 
and Littelfeld, held by the Earl, under the See of 
Canterburyy but appendant to Tonbridge, were restored 
to him, on his coming of age, by the Archbishop. At 
the same time he entered upon his lands in England 
and Ireland, and also succeeded to the wardship of 
the lands of Peter of Savoy, and of Pembroke Castle, 
and of the lands of William de Valence in Pembroke : 
wardships, unlike other personal property, being herita- 
ble. Just before this, 8th February 1263, the Bishop 
of Llandaff was informed that when he came to Lon- 
don he might lodge in the close of the King's Hermi- 
tage at Charing Cross, without impediment from the 
royal officers. 

The young Earl, it is recorded by Wykes, was im- 

Eetuous and much influenced by his mother, who led 
im to join the opposition party. " Blanditiis allectum, 
qui prius Regi devotus extiterat, resilire coegit, et de 
fideli reddidit infidelem." He was, however, probably 
influenced also by the example of his father, who, 
though a moderate, was never a blind, supporter of the 



126 THE LAND OP MORGAN: 

King. It is moreover said that the Earl had a special 
grievance against Prince Edward, whose attentions to 
his wife were unpleasant to him. From whatever 
cause, he at once, as early as February 1263, threw 
himself into the party of de Montfort, at that time 
engaged in giving effect to the provisions of Oxford, 
by which ahens were excluded from the government 
of the royal castles, and the central administration of 
justice, and an equitable collection of the revenue were 
provided for. In March he refused to include Prince 
Edward in his oath of allegiance, and, with de Mont- 
fort, took up arms. The King fled to the Tower, and 
the Prince took post at Windsor, and towards the 
close of the yeax it was decided, against the Earl's 
wish, to refer the matters in dispute to the French 
King. Henry seized the Earl's castles of Kingston and 
Tonbridge, but allowed the Countess, who was in the 
latter, to go free. 

The French award was unfavourable to the barons, 
who, at the Oxford Parliament in March 1264, refused 
to accept it. 12th May, Henry addressed a defiance 
to de Montfort and the Earl of Gloucester, as chiefs 
of the Barons' party, and in the military summonses 
to Worcester their adherents were omitted. On the 
14th, the rival forces met at Lewes, and the appeal 
to arms, long threatened, actually occurred. The Earl 
accepted knighthood on the battle field from de Mont- 
fort, and, young and unskilled as he was, was never- 
theless recognized as, equally with de Montfort, a 
leader of the party, and to him was allotted the CQpa- 
mand of the second line. In the battle he distin- 
guished himself by personal valour, and seems to have 
received the King's sword. He used his power to 
take a grant, 20th June, of the confiscated estates of 
Earl Warenne, excepting Rygate and Lewes Castles ; 
and one of the articles of the " Mise of Lewes" pro- 
vides especially for his indemnity and that of de Mont- 
fort. Ine Earl, Earl Simon, and the Bishop of Chi- 
chester were the three electors who were to nominate 



THE EARLS OF GLOUCESTER AND HERTFORD. 127 

the new coiincil of nine persons of those who were 
"most faithftd, prudent, and most studious for the 
public weal", and who were to be the real governors 
of the kingdom. Gloucester was also one of the five 
Earls summoned to the " Great Parliament" at West- 
minster, 20th January 1265. 

Victory speedily generated discontent between the 
victors, and especially between the two Earls. Glou- 
cester seems to have claimed from Earl Simon the 
custody of his own prisoners, and especially of theEarl of 
Cornwall, and to have been refused. He also demanded 
unsuccessfully the Castle of Bristol, to which he had 
hereditar5rclaim8.andwhich wafi occupied byEaxl Simon ; 
and fiirther, a tournament at which he proposed to 
take part against de Montfort's sons, was forbidden 
by their father. These causes, or some of them , may have 
precipitated the rupture, but it was improbable that 
the two Earls could long have continued in accord. 
De Montfort was a foreigner by birth and education, a 
much older man than Gloucester, and as far above 
him in personal weight as he was below him in here- 
ditary position and territorial wealth. Each naturally 
looked upon the other with a jealous eye. Earl Gilbert, 
though without experience, stood at the head of the 
English baronage, and it was evident that however 
mu!h circumsteSc^s might force him to oppose Henry, 
he did not wish permanently to overthrow the royal 
power. A few years later Wikes describes him as 
" Sununse et singularis inter regni Magnates nobiU- 
tatis, et praeeminentise, et incomparabilis post Regem 
potentise'. De Montfort, whose views were broader 
and probably far more patriotic than those of the Earl, 
nevertheless desired personal aggrandisement. From 
the King he had long sought an augmentation of his 
wife's jointure, which included a third of the Mareschal 
estates, and he wished to obtain from the Prince the 
Earldom of Chester in exchange for that of Leicester, 
Chester being not only a richer, but, from its position 
on the Marches, a far more powerful earldom ; and to 



128 THE LAND OF MORGAN: 

bring about this change he took advantage of his pos- 
session of the Prince's person. He was also bent upon 
strengthening his own power in the west, at the ex- 
pense of that of Gloucester, holding Bristol, and giving 
encouragement to the South Welsh Princes, hereditary- 
foes to the Lords of Glamorgan. Moreover, his son, 
the younger Simon, was pretender to the hand of 
Isabel, heiress of the great Earldom of Devon, and 
holding in dower a third of that of Albemarle. After 
Lewes, he had actually pursued her with an armed force, 
and forced her to take refuge under the covert protec- 
tion of the Earl of Gloucester, her kinsman. These 
sources of distrust led Gloucester at once to take up 
the interests of the King, who would thus become 
indebted to him for his kingdom. 

His change of action was rapid and complete; In 
April 1265, he opened a communication, through his 
brother Thomas, with Roger Mortimer, and came to a 
personal altercation with de Montfort, casting up 
against him his foreign birth, "manifesto ridiculum est 
quod hie alienigena totius regni dominium sibi prsesumit 
subjugare". De Montfort, with the King and Prince 
in his train, went to Hereford, while de Clare, in con- 
junction with John Giffard, a great soldier and a man 
of much personal influence in South Wales, collected a 
considerable force in the Forest of Dene. In May, an 
arbitration was agreed to, probably to gain time, for in 
that month, by Thomas de Clare's agency, the Prince 
effected his escape from the meads of Hereford, and 
rode to Wigmore, and thence to Ludlow, where he was 
joined by Gloucester, on the condition that he should 
swear to observe "the ancient and approved laws of 
the realm". De Montfort's rejoinder was the destruc- 
tion of the Castle of Monmouth, whence he marched 
upon Newport, holding both banks of the Usk. He 
was followed by Prince Edward from the East, on 
which he broke down Newport Bridge, and retired 
upon Glamorgan, which he laid waste in combination 
with Llewelyn. Meantime de Clare regained Bristol, 



THE EARLS OF GLOUCESTER AND HERTFORD. 129 

and the Prince fell back upon the Severn at Gloucester. 
While there, he learned that the younger de Montfort 
was on his way from Pevensey towards Kenilworth. 
With a decision that indicated the future leader, the 
Prince by a rapid march intercepted de Montfort near 
Kenilworth, routed him, 16th July, and thence turning 
back upon Worcester, held that city and broke down 
the bridge, 1st August, and on the 4th, encountered 
and overthrew Earl Simon at Evesham. 

In the battle, de Clare, as at Lewes, led the second 
line, but now on the King's behalf. His reward was a 
pardon, 49th Hen. Ill, for his brother Thomas, himself, 
and his adherents, and the custos-ship of Abergavenny 
during the nonage of Maud, the child wife of the Earl 
of Hereford. He again did homage for his lands ; and 
the King remitted £900 of fine as yet unpaid upon 
his livery, on the ground of his expenses in the royal 
cause. 

De Montfort's death left Gloucester without a rival, 
and much tempted him to take the lead on the popular 
side. He does not seem to have aided at the siege of 
Kenilworth ; and though one of those elected to sit as 
an arbitrator upon the terms of the Ban, in October 
1266, he disapproved of, and opposed them. Early in 
that year William de Braose, Canon of LlandafF, was 
elected Bishop ; and Griffith ap Rhys, taken prisoner, 
was committed to Cardiff Castle, and thence, m 1267, 
sent to Kilkenny for greater security. Towards the 
close of 1266 Gloucester, himself discontented, seems 
to have met the "disinherited" party in the Isle of 
Ely, and thence, 8th April 1267, to have led them to 
London, where they occupied the city, and summoned 
the Legate to surrender the Tower. They met publicly 
at St. Paul's, but, meantime, Henry had advanced from 
Windsor, and encamped at Stratford, whence, 5th May, 
he also entered London. On this, Gloucester, through 
his brother Thomas, again made terms, and in June 
he and his followers were admitted to the benefits of 
the Ban, and a safe-conduct issued in favour of Gilbert 



130 THE LAND OF MORGAN: 

de Clare, his household, and all who call themselves 
**exheredatos". This was to enable them to meet Henry 
at Stratford. 

The Parliament at Marlborough, in November, con- 
ceded almost all the points in dispute; and although 
the Earl remained at variance with Mortimer and the 
royal party, and declined an invitation to the King s 

•eat banquet, he gave no further trouble, and the 

ing waived the conditions proposed by the Legate, 
that the Earl should give either his daughter or his 
Castle of Tonbridge, for three years, as a hostage for 
his conduct. Finally, at Midsummer 1268, the Earl 
assumed the cross, with Prince Edward, at Northampton, 
though this promise was not fulfilled by himself. His 
brother Thomas, however, accompanied the Prince. 

The Earl's amity was no doubt largely influenced by 
the King's action in South Wales. As early as 26tn 
April 1266, the King had questioned the correctness of 
the Earl's scutages, and had directed William de 
Powyk and the Abbot of Tintern to make a new 
survey; and 30th April, Humphrey, Earl of Hereford, 
was ordered to take charge, but the issues were to be 
paid over to Matilda, Countess of Gloucester, and Gilbert 
de Clare ; and the Countess was to surrender Usk Castle. 
5th May, Earl Humphrey was informed that the King 
will accommodate his niece, the wife of Gilbert de 
Clare, with the use of Usk Castle, which had belonged 
to Richard de Cardiff* ; Lawrence de Hameldon appears 
as Earl Gilbert's clerk. 1st August, the Earl had a 
grant of the manor of Lydgate, and the seneschalship 
of Bury Abbey, taken from Henry de Hastings, the 
King's enemy. 20th August, he was also to have the 
lands of all the rebel Welsh that he could conquer. 

In 1267, Henry laboured hard to give peace to South 
Wales; 14th March, Roger de Somery and Hugh de 
Turberville, Glamorgan Barons, were commissioned to 
inquire into the causes of quarrel between Llewelyn ap 
Griffith and the Earl of Gloucester. Llewelyn's com- 
plaint was that the Earl refused to restore the lands of 



THE EARLS OF GLOUCESTER AND HERTFORD. 131 

his subjects, according to the terms agreed upon. The 
result was a compromise, agreed to at Michaelmas 
1268. The violence complained of had chiefly lain in 
the districts of Senghenydd, Glyn-Rhondda, and Miscin, 
tracts of country too strong and too near Cardiff to be 
left in native hands. The compromise lasted but a 
short time, and the final result was the building of the 
great Castle of Caerphilly. The Earl was still bent 
upon the recovery of Bristol; and, 31st October 1268, 
he addressed the King, stating that he proposed, 
with Prince Edward's consent, to have his right to 
the castle and borough tried in course of law, and 
should he recover it, he promises to give due ex- 
change. The suit seems to have been deferred till 
1276, when, in the presence of the Archbishop of 
Canterbury and others, the castle and borough were 
adjudged to the King. 

A year later, 15th October 1269, the Earl had a safe- 
conduct to come to meet the King, Prince Edward, and 
Llewelyn, of which he does not seem to have availed 
himself; nor did he attend the Parliament then held. 
He found it very inconvenient to accompany the Prince 
to the Holy Land, and he probably feared compulsion. 
The reason he assigned, whether true or false, was cer- 
tainly sufficient. "At Comes causatus est terris suis, 
qu8B WallisB continguntur, et quse tunc temporis a 
Wallensibus fortiter fiierunt impugnatae, depopulatis 
provinciis, et castris solo terrarum complanatis, peri- 
culum imminere, si, vacuatis regni limitious, ipsas . . . 
expositas relinqueret indefensas." The King of the 
Romans seems to have mediated, and at Pentecost 
1270, Henry allowed the repayment of the EarFs 
expenses at Evesham, and again gave him livery of his 
lands and castles. In return, he undertook to follow 
the Prince, who had left England in July, unless pre- 
vented by iUness, war. or other sufficient causes, this 
he did not do, but as he gave no other cause of offence, 
he and Henry lived on good terms for the rest of the 
reign. 

K 2 



132 THE LAND OF MORGAN: 

The King of the Romans died 2nd April 1272, and 
that year, about six weeks before Henry's death, Earl 
Gilbert married his sister Margaret to Edmund, 
Richard's eldest surviving son, on which occasion, on 
St. Edmund's .Day, 20th November, Edmund was 
knighted and recognised as Earl of Cornwall ; and on 
St. Nicholas' Day following, 6th December, he gave a 
wedding feast of great splendour at Wallingford. Upon 
Henry's death Earl Gilbert was one of those whose 
names, 23rd November 1272, are appended to the 
letter informing Prince Edward of that event, and the 
proclamation of the new King was signed by the Arch- 
bishop of York, Earl Gilbert, and Edmund (Earl of 
Cornwall). He was also present at the proclamation at 
the New Temple, and on the new King's arrival in 
England he entertained him with great magnificence at 
Tonbridge Castle. 

The state of Glamorgan during the reign of Henry 
III was such as to cause great anxiety to its lord, its 
ecclesiastical magnates, its barons and knights, and its 
inhabitants generally, whether Welsh or English. The 
land was wasted, the houses burned, the cattle driven 
off, the borough towns and religious houses sorely 
bested. The clergy were in arrears with their tithes, 
the bishops and monastic bodies with their dues, and 
the landlords of all ranks with their rents and the pro- 
duce of their demesnes. Treaties and truces between 
the English and the Welsh were of no avail. Each 
party broke them at pleasure. The King's writ did not 
run in the Marches, and would have been but little re- 
spected even if it had had legal sanction ; and the chief 
lords, though strong enough to be a thorn in the King's 
side, were often unable to preserve peace. It is true that 
the lower or seaboard division of the lordship, including 
the vale of Glamorgan, was studded with castles. 
Cardiff, Neath, and Swansea, and perhaps the Tower 
of Lwchwr, were strong enough to defend the lower 
parts of the Taff, the Nedd, the Tawe, and the Lwchwr 
rivers, but the other castles and strong houses, Kenfig, 



THE EARLS OF GLOUCESTER AND HERTFORD. 133 

Llantrissant, Ogmore, Coyty, Dunraven, Talavan, Llan- 
blethian, Bonvilleston, Fonmon, Penmark, Sully, Bany, 
Wenvoe, Flimston, and Dinas Powis, and a score of 
others, were intended to guard private domains, and 
did not command the main passes of the district. 
Cardiff and Neath were regularly walled, and Kenfig 
fenced in, probably with a palisade. Cowbridge also 
was walled. The south gate and wall still remain, and 
a charter of the 3rd Henry VII refers to a turret or 
tower and to the north wall, as then standing. These 
defences, however, were for the security of the town 
only. What was wanted was some central stronghold 
of the first class, large enough to contain a numerous 
garrison, strong enough to resist a siege, and so placed 
as to stand in the way of any advance of the Welsh in 
force into England, and, should they so advance, to cut 
off their retreat. Earl Gilbert determined to supply 
this want in a manner worthy of his rank and wealth 
as chief of the Marcher Lords, and suitable to the im- 
portance of the territory which it was his duty to pro- 
tect. The place fixed upon for his fortress was the 
centre of a vast and, in part, marshy basin upon the 
Welsh bank of the Rhymny, and therefore between 
the lordships of Gwent and Morgannwg, within the 
hill district, and not above six miles from Cardiff. This 
lay in the route by which the Welsh invaders usually 
advanced upon and retired from Gwent, and to close it 
would close the whole line of the Rhymny, from the 
Brecon mountains to the sea, Cardiff blocking the sea- 
ward plain, and Brecknock and Builth, the valley of 
the Usk, north of the mountains. The proposed castle 
was wholly new. A knoll of ground rising out of the 
morass was scarped and revetted and crowned with a 
double belt of walls and towers, while, as at Kenilworth 
and Leeds, an insignificant brook was barred by a 
strong and well-defended dam, and the depression about 
the castle converted into a deep and broad lake. Such 
was the origin and such the general disposition of the 
Castle of Caerphilly, the most complete example in 



134 THE LAND OF MORGAN: 

Britain of the concentric style of fortress, and in area 
and accommodation second only to Windsor. Unfor- 
tunately for its historic celebrity, the precautions which 
led to its construction were, within a very few years, 
rendered useless by the complete conquest of the Prin- 
cipality, though in that respect it only shared the 
fate of Conway, Caernarvon, Beaumaris, Harlech, and 
Bere. 

Earl Gilbert certainly did not take up the defence of 
his territory by halves. Besides Caerphilly, the small 
but strong fortress of Castell Coch was constructed to 
guard the lowest pass of the Taff ; and upon the high 
ground near one head of the same river, near the old 
Roman way from Newport to Brecon, was constructed, 
a few years later, Morlais, a castle small in area but 
strong, and guarded by a ditch quarried with immense 
labour out of the limestone rock. The chain was com- 
pleted by the construction of a circular tower, now de- 
stroyed, at Whitchurch, in the plain between Castell 
Coch and Cardiff. The age of Castell Coch can be de- 
termined only by reference to its architectural pecu- 
liarities, which, however, are sufficiently marked. 
Enough remained of Whitchurch a score of years ago 
to declare its date ; but it is also mentioned in the 
reign of Edward II, when Llewelyn ap Griffith, repre- 
sentative of the celebrated Ivor Bach, and ancestor of 
the Lewises of the Van and Llanishen, indigenous in 
those parts, claimed and was allowed the " forcelettum" 
which stood upon his ground. Morlais, the site of 
which had been wrested from the same Llewelyn, was 
the subject of quarrel between the Lords of Brecknock 
and Glamorgan in the reign of Edward I, the full par- 
ticulars of which are recorded upon the Rolls of Parlia- 
ment. Caerphilly was certainly buUt in the closing 
years of the reign of Henry III, though largely altered 
and improved half a century later. Much of it bears 
evidence of having been built in haste, though the 
interior and more ornate parts are in good taste and of 
excellent workmanship. In a military point of view it 
is a very remarkable work. 



THE EARLS OF GLOUCESTER AND HERTFORD. 135 

Caerphilly had been commenced, and was defensible 
as early as 1270, for it was then attacked by Llewelyn, 
and in it were the King's Commissioners, the Bishops 
of Lichfield and Worcester. A truce was agreed 
to, the Castle to be held by the Bishops till the 
quindene (15th day after) of Midsummer, and there 
was to be a final settlement of the matter at the 
Fords of Montgomery, at the quindene of the fol- 
lowing Easter. The King no doubt saw the im- 
portance of the castle to the realm at large, for, in 
Council, 2nd February 1271, in London, de Clare had 
leave to enditch it. 

Llewelyn's attack is the subject of a letter from the 
Archbishop of York in London, dated 3rd November 
1271, to Mag' R. de Nedham, his proctor at Bx)me. It 
appeared that Prince Edward, on leaving England, had 
constituted the Archbishop, the King of the Romans, 
Philip Basset, R. de Mortimer, and R. Burnel, his 
deputies, and their attention was engaged upon affairs 
in South Wales. "Llewelyn," the Primate says, "had 
come down upon Caerphilly, and laid siege to it with a 
considerable force. The Earl of Gloucester is calling 
for aid which ought not to be withheld. But the King 
is ill, and the scarcity of the past year has left them 
without funds." He relates this that the Cardinals may 
be content with less valuable presents than might have 
been expected. The favour of the new Pope was, how- 
ever, to be obtained by a handsome sum. 

Beneath the strong rule of Edward I, the part played 
by the Earl of Gloucester became politically insignifi- 
cant, and on the subjugation of Wales in 1282, one 
source both of his power and of his weakness was ex- 
tinguished. Henceforward, the most important events 
in his life were connected with his own estates. In 
1276, Earl Gilbert joined in the decree declaring 
Llewelyn guilty of contumacy ; and, at the close of the 
year, he was summoned to the Welsh expedition. In 
this year also, Morgan of Avan, the son of Morgan 
Gam, and the principal Welshman holding of the Earl, 



136 THE LAND OF MORGAN: 

married the daughter and heiress of Walter de Sully, a 
knight of Norman descent, and united his estate to 
A van. He died 6th August 1288. 

Soon afterwards, the dispute respecting Malvern 
Chase, settled about 1255, was reopened, the Earl 
claiming right of chase on Malvern Hill, in Col wall 
and Estun, against the Bishop of Worcester, who 
gained the cause, which, however, reappeared a few 
years later. The Bishop of Hereford, who had also 
certain claims, came to an agreement with the Earl. 
In 1276, the Earl made a final effort to recover the 
Castle and Borough of Bristol, as the heir of William, 
Earl of Gloucester. The cause seems to have been 
fairly tried by the magnates of the realm, and judg- 
ment went against him, on the ground that the Crown 
had held them during the last four reigns. Also, in 
1276, the EarFs Bailiff of Caerleon, and his Sheriff of 
Glamorgan, are ordered by the King not to allow the 
tenants to supply provisions to the Welsh rebels. 

In December 1277, the Earl was impleaded by cer- 
tain merchants for debts incurred in aid of the Welsh 
war, in consideration of which a delay was allowed 
him. About the same time arose a dispute with the 
Bishop of Winchester about the Church of Portland, 
and John Pickard and Maurice de Lambeth represented 
the Earl. In March 1278, he seems to have escorted 
Alexander, King of Scots, to London, under a safe- 
conduct from Edward, and at Michaelmas he was pre- 
sent at the homage rendered by the Scottish King. 

10th January 1279, Bishop Braose of Llandaff was 
summoned before the Exchequer for sums due on the 
wardship of a certain youth which he had obtained in 
satisfaction for 100 marcs paid by him on behalf of 
Ralph Cross, the youth's father; a kind of security 
then common. About this time Matilda, Countess of 
Gloucester, and Earl Gilbert, her son, were called to 
deliver to Roger Mortimer and Matilda his wife, cer- 
tain lands and rents in Usk, which had been assigned 
to the latter lady. They were cousins. Gilbert, 5th 



THE EABLS OF GLOUCESTER AND HERTFORD. 137 

Earl of Gloucester, married Isabel Mareschal, and Eva, 
her sister and co-heir, married Wm. de Braose. Isabel's 
son married Matilda de Lacy, and Usk was settled on 
her son Gilbert, 7th Earl. Eva de Braose also had a 
daughter, Matilda, who married "Roger Mortimer. The 
dispute was arranged by the transfer of Aure Manor to 
Mortimer. 9th June 1279, Earl Gilbert did homage to 
Archbishop Peckham, for Tonbridge. This took place 
at Lymynge in the presence of Sir John, son of Amulph 
de Bosco, Richard de Teyden, Master Thos. de Pulesdon, 
and Richard de Londres, of the Earl's household. It 
appears from an entry in the Pipe RoU of 9th Edward I, 
that when the Earl undertook to accompany Prince 
Edward to Palestine he received 1,000 marcs, which 
sum he was then repaying. In 1280, the Earl founded 
the Grey Friary in Crockherbton, of which^a fragment, 
though of later date, still remains. 

About this time, also, the EarVs marcher rights were 
questioned by one of the de Braose family who had 
been stopped with violence by Robert de Veal, the 
Earl's Bailiff, on the public highway. He proceeded 
against de Clare, who was summoned before the King s 
Court at Michaelmas 1281. The Earl challenged the 
jurisdiction, and when his rights were made the subject 
of a "quo warranto" he declined to reply until he had 
consulted with his brother peers and marchers. 24th 
May 1282, he was summoned for the Welsh war, and 
took part in Edward's great and final effort, which 
ended in the death of Llewelyn. 

The Earl seems to have been considerably burdened 
by his father 8 debts, incurred, as Edward was dis- 
posed, very liberally, to admit, in the royal service. 
He obtained more than one respite from the Exchequer, 
and 1 2th Edward I, that department undertook to aid 
him in the recovery of monies due to his father's estate, 
and he was allowed £127 185. id. for the farm of the 
barton of Bristol for the 8th, 9th, and 10th years of 
the reign. After the North Wales campaign tne King 
visited South Wales, and presented Aobot Adam, at 



138 THE LAND OF MORGAN: 

Neath, with a very beautiful baudekin. In 1285 the 
Sheriff of Glamorgan, Robert le Neil (Veal), was again 
guilty of violence, seizing for the Earl, unjustly, the 
lands of New Grange and of Terry, the property of 
Margam. 

In 1287 one of the final struggles of the Welsh, now 
without any recognised leader, took place under Rhys 
ap Meredith, on which occasion the Bailiff of St. 
Briavels was ordered to raise a force and place it under 
the Earl of Gloucester, who was to be supported by 
Mortimer and other marchers. 11th June, Rhys had 
taken divers castles in the west, and was advancing 
upon Swansea, which, 27th June, he plundered and 
burnt ; and then burnt Oystermouth Castle in Gower. 
The Welsh prisoners seem to have been fairly treated. 
GriflSth ap Meredith was committed to Richard Tybetot 
at Nottingham Castle, where he stayed six years and 
thirty- two weeks. There appears a charge of 16^. per 
annum for robes for him, and £25 2s. *'pro vadiis". 
Rees ap Maelgon and Conan ap Meredith were first, 
1286, sent to Bridgenorth, and thence, 1289, moved to 
Bamburgh. Rees had a grant of 10 marcs per annum 
rent, in Dalton juxta Drayenton, in 1307. 

When we read that one cause of the Earl's personal 
dislike to Prince Edward was his jealousy of his atten- 
tion to his wife, it seems strange to find a marriage 
proposed between the Earl and the daughter of the 
Prince, become King; such, however, was the fact. 
There is much doubt as to why or when he was 
divorced from Alice of Angoulesme ; one account stating 
positively that the divorce was pronounced at Norwich 
18th July 1271, while other and more probable ac- 
counts place it as 1282, and Pfere Anselm fixes it in 
1283, and says the cause was '*parcequfelle ^toit devenue 
hypocondre". What is recorded of Edward s intimacy 
with the lady, even if exaggerated, is scarcely consis- 
tent with a great affection between the husband and 
wife ; and no doubt the desire for male heirs had great 
weight. But there does not appear to have been any 



THE EARLS OF GLOUCESTER AND HERTFORD. 139 

scandal in the rupture. Alice was the appellant in the 
petition for divorce; and the Earl, 25tn May 1282, 
settled upon her, as the Lady Alicia de Marchia, cer- 
tain lands as a provision for her sustenance; their 
daughter Isabel was also provided for. The pro- 
ceedings, however, seem, according to a deed in 
Rymer,not to have been completed until 16th May 1285. 

The object for which the divorce was brought about 
could have been no secret, for in May 1283, is dated 
the " Prselocutio" between the King and the Earl, 
touching a contract of marriage between the latter and 
the King's daughter. The King and his council are 
satisfied that the Earl will obtain from the Church the 
dissolution of his marriage with Alice, who was his 
wife, and are aware that he has purchased a dispensa- 
tion to marry the King's daughter, his kinswoman. 
The Earl is to surrender all his lands in England, Ire- 
land, and Wales, so that he and his wife may be 
enfeoffed therein to them and the heirs of their 
bodies. If there be no such heirs, the lands go to 
the Countess for life, with the remainder to the Earl's 
right heirs, excepting "deus mile marchees de terre", to 
be selected to the satisfaction of the King and Queen, 
and which the Countess is to have in fee as her in- 
heritance, together with any land that the Earl may 
purchase after marriage. This seems a perfectly rea- 
sonable settlement, having regard to the rank of the 
lady ; and the King's oath to observe it was given by 
Otto de Grandison, as proxy, the Earl's in person. 

Princess Joan was bom at Acre in 1272, Edward's 
second daughter, and was then therefore, in 1283, but 
eleven yeaxs old. The consummation of the marriage 
was on this account postponed, and took place at West- 
minster, 2nd May 1290, she being then eighteen years 
old. Edward gave her no portion. The dispensation 
referred to in 1283, and given by Rymer, seems not to 
have been signed till 16th November 1289; and it 
covered not only the relationship between Earl Gilbert 
and Joan, but that between Joan and Alice, the former 



140 THE LAND OF MORGAN: 

wife. The King married his two daughters on suc- 
cessive days. On the second of July 1290, Beatrice 
married the son and heir of the Duke of Brabant, and 
their feast w^as held at Westminster. Next day, "in 
crastino vero ipsius Dominicse Comes Gloucestriae, 
abducta uxore sua, quam nuper ante desponsaverat, loco 
nuptiarum celeberrimum fecit convivium apud Clerken- 
well celebritati superioris convivii non dissimile nee 
minus sumptuosum." Matilda, the Earl of Gloucester's 
mother, seems to have died about this time, for, 10th 
March 1289, her dower lands came into his possession. 
About the same time, probably between the contract 
and Earl Gilbert's marriage, occurred the celebrated 
quarrel between the Earls of Gloucester and Hereford, 
which led to serious consequences to both, and enabled 
Edward to carry into eftect a stroke of policy very im- 
portant for the welfare of his kingdom. Hereford, 26th 
June 1289, complained that Gloucester had built a cajstle 
on his territory, and had collected an armed force and 
broken the peace. It appeared upon inquiry that the 
Earl of Gloucester had built Morlais Castle, as he said, 
within his border ; as the Earl of Hereford alleged, 
beyond it. Their dependents had met in arms with 
banners displayed, and had committed, as the King 
declared, a breach of his peace, or as Gloucester con- 
sidered it, of their own peace as marchers. Also the 
border had been harried, flocks and herds driven off, 
and a church despoiled, in which Gloucester's senes- 
chal had been the main offender. The King ordered 
both parties to pause, and await his decision. This 
command they disobeyed, and continued their local 
warfare. 18th Edward I, January 1290, the matter 
came before Parliament, and the King took it up in 
earnest. A commission was appointed and reported, and 
both Earls were imprisoned. There exists a very curious 
record of a suit in the King's Court arising out of this 
dispute, in which de Bohun was querent and de Clare 
defendant, in which de Bohun asserts that de Clare 
had neglected to fulfil the custom of the March, or of 



THE EARLS OF GLOUCESTER AND HERTFORD. 141 

Wales, which had long obtained, by which, when conten- 
tions arose between such magnates as held of the King 
"in capite", before any suit was lodged in the King's 
Court, there should be taken "dies amoris sive Parlia- 
menti", also called a "dies March ise", when the causes of 
the quarrel were to be laid before the neighbours and 
common friends, acting as judges, so that the custom of 
the March thus might be cleared up. 

The proceedings upon the main inquiry are recorded 
at great length on the Rolls of Parliament, and were 
one of the " causes c^l^bres" of the reign. Before sen- 
tence was given the Earl of Gloucester hstd married the 
King s daughter, but the Earl of Hereford was also 
connected with the royal family. In truth, the occasion 
was a good one to break down the power of the Marcher 
Lords, and the King availed himself of it to the full. 
The lands of both parties were forfeited, and, 20th 
Edward I, 1291-2, Roger de BurghuU had custody of 
the "royal liberty", then in the hands of the Earl of 
Gloucester, in Glamorgan, and of the Earl of Hereford 
in Brecknock, which liberties were taken into the King's 
hands by reason of the contempt and disobedience of 
the said Earls. The King thus asserted his right as 
over-lord to "totum regale in terris suts de Morgannon", 
and "totum regale libertatis sue de Brekenok." Glou- 
cester's lands were to remain in the King's hands "tota 
vita ipsius comitis", and for the other earl, "forisfacta 
de ipso Comite et heredibus suis in perpetuum." Here- 
ford, however, was really least in fault, and this was 
admitted, " Transgressio de qua convictus est non ita 
carcans, nee tantam penam requirit quantum, etc., de 
qua predictus Comes Glouc. convincitur"; and so, as 
Hereford had married the King s cousin, and his child- 
ren were of kin to the King's children, his forfeiture 
also was limited to his life. Both were imprisoned, 
and Gloucester, besides paying £100 to Hereford for 
his losses, was fined 10,000 marcs to the King, and 
Hereford 1,000 marcs. Even the Earl's officers, who 
only obeyed orders, were fined. The offence was, in 
fact, treated just as though it had been committed in 



142 THE LAND OF MORGAN: 

any other part of the kingdom, and Edward was the 
first sovereign who could have ventured so to treat it. 
In Gloucester's case, the reason given for the limitation 
of the forfeiture to his life was that he had a son Gilbert, 
born 1291 at Winchcombe, begotten of the King's 
daughter, who was jointly enfeoffed of the estates with 
her husband. There is a good deal of obscurity as to 
the different steps, both of the marriage and the forfeit- 
ure. The Earl's deed of surrender is dated 20th April 
1290, three weeks before his marriage, upon which was 
a re-settlement, much less favourable to him than that 
set forth in the PrcelociUio of 1283, being to the husband 
and wife jointly for life, remainder to the heirs of their 
bodies, remainder over to her heirs, instead of, as before, 
to his heirs. The lands so re-settled lay in the counties 
of Berks, Bucks, Cambridge, Derby, Devon, Dorset, 
Essex, Gloucester, Hants, Herts, Hunts, Kent, Lincoln, 
Norfolk, Northampton, Notts, Oxford, Somerset, Suffolk, 
Surrey, Sussex, Wilts, Worcester, and in Wales, a pro- 
digious estate. The Irish lands were included, but with 
remainder to his heirs. 

In 1290 occurred a revival of the old dispute as to 
the custody of the temporalities of Llandaff, "sede 
vacante." It appeared that in 1240, when Bishop Elias 
died. King Henry put in Waleran Teutonicus to ad- 
minister, and he collated to one prebend Master William 
de Burgh, treasurer, and to another Alfred de Fescamp, 
sub-treasurer of the Wardrobe, and to the archdeaconry 
Thomas, the queen-mother's chaplain ; and at the term 
of his custos-ship he accounted for the proceeds to the 
Exchequer. At that time the Chapter elected Arch- 
deacon Maurice to the See, but the election was set 
aside by the King. William of Christchurch was then 
chosen, and appears on the roll of bishops from 1240 to 
1244, when he resigned, no doubt because disapproved 
by the King; and William de Burgh, above mentioned, 
and then chaplain to the King, became bishop, and so 
remained till his death in 1253. The earl was at that 
time under age, and though a protest was entered 
against the King's interference, it was not pressed. 



THE EAKL8 OF GLOUCESTER AND HERTFORD. 143 

Bishop William de Braose died, it appears, 19th 
March 1286-7, when the Archbishop of Canterbury 
revoked the commission of Master Thomas de St. 
Audomard as official of Llandaff, and g^ppointed Master 
Aniamo Calus (?) then a canon of St. Asaph. On the 
Bishop's death, or soon afterwards, the Marcher Lords, 
under whom the lands of the See were holden, took 
possession of them. The Earl of Gloucester took 
Llandaff and Llancader- Warden manors, Lord William 
de Braose took Bishopston in Gower, and the Earls of 
Hereford and Norfolk, and Edmund the King s brother, 
took others. November 3rd, 1290, the King's escheator, 
Malcolm de Harley, raised objection to this, and, the 
See being still vacant, claimed the custody of the manors 
for the Crown. De Braose and the others gave way, 
but Gloucester stood up for his rights. He asserted 
the whole "patria" of Glamorgan to be "dominio suo", 
and all wardships, that of the See included, to belong 
to him, as they had always belonged to his ancestors, 
save when under age, and the lord had, on that account, 
been a ward to the King. He stated that his father 
Richard, had, at his death, actually been in possession 
of the manors in question, the See being then vacant. 
The Earl was, no doubt, in his right, but the King had 
him at a disadvantage, and his object was certainly for 
the good of the realm, so the Earl had to give way, and 
did so in October 1290 ; but to make the cession more 
palatable a special grant, 2nd November 1292 (Ryley 
says October 1290), of the privileges for their joint 
and several lives was made to the Earl and Countess 
Joan, with remainder to the King and his heirs for ever. 
This case was cited in 1293 against John de Warenne, 
Earl of Surrey, who claimed the custody of the tem- 

{)oralities of St. Asaph. Of de Clare and the other 
ords, it was said, "Nichil clamare poterunt, propter 
privilegium regium, et corone dignitatem, ad quam 
specialiter pertinet Episcopatuum vacantium custodia." 
Warrenne was non-suited. The whole transaction well 
exemplifies the mixture of firmness and moderation with 



144 THE LAND OF MORGAN: 

which the great King carried out measures that affected 
the unity of his kingdom. 

5th July 1291, Richard de Tonsmere, chaplain, was 
instituted to the Church of High An voile (Highlight), 
on the presentation of David de Someri, its lord, by the 
archbishop, the See being vacant. 3rd September 1294, 
John Gordon was custos of the temporalities of Llandaff, 
and the Abbot of Margam collector of the current 
subsidy. The dispute between the King and the Earl 
will account for the uncertainty as to the occupancy of 
the See between 1287 and 1296, when John de Mon- 
mouth was appointed, but the King had to interfere to 
force the Earl to give him seizin. On another occasion, 
1291-2, the Earl seems to have taken the law into his 
own hands, in the case of a trespass committed by the 
Earl of Norfolk upon his tenants of Usk and Trilleck. 
Arbitrators were named who were to inspect the inqui- 
sitions as to the possessions of William Earl Mareschal, 
from whom the manors were derived. About the same 
time the Malvern dispute was reopened. The Earl and 
Countess threw up an earthen bank along the crest of 
the ridge, to which Giffard Bishop of Worcester objected 
as an encroachment. This was settled by an agree- 
ment signed at Tewkesbury, October 1291, by which 
the Bishop, or in his absence the Prior and Chapter of 
Worcester, were to have annually from the Earl two 
fat bucks and two fat does. 

The King's determination to put an end to the privi- 
leges of the Marcher Lords, no doubt led others to 
contest them. Thus, the Prior of Goldcliff summoned 
the Earl to appear at his court at Newport to answer 
for trespass. The Earl neglected to appear, and stated 
that the King knew how he was engaged at the date 
of the first summons, and that as to the second, he 
knew not whether he had received it or not ; but, when 
pressed, he claimed time, on the plea that his wardrobe, 
no doubt containing, or supposed to contain, records 
of his chancery, was in the parts of Wales. 

In 1294, notwithstanding the general subjugation of 



THE EARLS OF GLOUCESTER AND HERTFORD. 145 

the Principality, the local troubles were considerable, 
especially in South Wales, where they were fomented 
by Conan ap Meredith and Maelgon ap Rhys. In the 
spring of 1295 was a genei^ rising, when a certain 
Madoc, from the recesses of Snowdon, descended upon 
and burned Caernarvon, while another Madoc overran 
Pembroke and Caermaithen, and Morgan of Avan 
seems at one time to have gained complete mastery 
in Glamorgan. De Clare, never quite equal to a great 
emergency, was probably disabled by disease. In any 
case, Edward would probably have himself taken the 
lead ; as it was, he acted with his usual vigour. In 
November 1294, he was at Aberconway, where he 
seems to have stayed till 1st April 1295, when he had 
140 war ships in the Menai Straits. He was next in 
Anglesea and, 7th May, at Bangor. On the 1 1th and 
12th he was at Cymmer Abbey, by Dolgellau, and, on 
the 14th and 15th, on the moated mound of Talybont, 
just above Towyn. On the 17th he was at Llanpadam 
Vawr ; between the 20th and 23rd, at Aberystwith ; 
and on the 29th, at Llandewi-brevi, — moving, there- 
fore, with immense rapidity, and with a considerable 
force, "amazement in his van, with flight combined", 
though unaccompanied by any of the severities of war, 
for the terror of his name seemed to have reduced the 
rebels to order. On the 2nd and 3rd of June he was 
at Cardigan ; on the 6th at DrysUwyn Castle, whence 
he marched to Merthyr in Morganwg (Merthyr Tydvil), 
between the 12th and 15th, and whence, no doubt, he 
visited Morlais. Thence, having quieted the Princi- 
pality, he returned northwards to Brecknock, 16th of 
June, and was at Builth 17th, Clun 19th, Welshpool 
22nd, Whitchurch 24th, and on the 1st of July he was 
again at Aberconway, whence, soon after, he moved to 
London. His transit across the Principality, rapid as 
it was, had the best effect, "Rex", says the continuator 
of Florence, "Rex penetravit totam Walliam juxta cas- 
trum de Morlais. Omnes Wallenses de dominio comitis 
Gloucestrise rex suscepit ad pacem suam, contra volunta- 

L 



146 THE LAND OF MORGAN: 

tern dicti Comitis. Et rex dedit eis custodem, videlicet, 
Dominum Walterum Hacklut." In the Eulogium His- 
toriarum the King's movement is more briefly noticed. 
"Rex de Snowdoun per Walliam progrediens, occiden- 
talem intravit Glanmorgan." The Earl must indeed have 
seen that his Marcher kingdom was at an end, and 
that, too, just when he had attained the highest object 
of a subject's ambition — ^a marriage with a daughter 
of the sovereign. At the close of this memorable year, 
7th December 1295, 24th Edward I, he died, in the 
Castle of Monmouth, aged fifty-two years, and having 
held the earldom thirty-three years. On the 22nd of 
the month he was laid at Tewkesbury, on the left hand 
of his father. Richard de Talbot was appointed Go- 
vernor of the Castle and town of Cardiff*. (Abb. pi. v, 1, 
100, 25 Ed. 1.) 

By AUce de la March he had a daughter, Isabel, 
born 10th March 1261. She married Maurice Lord 
Berkeley, 1304-5. She seems to have been granted 
the custody of certain lands held by the King by reason 
of the nonage of Gilbert, son and heir of Gilbert Earl 
of Gloucester, etc. In 1314, Roger Mortimer of Wig- 
more admitted a debt due to her of 300 marcs. She 
also held lands contingent on her stepmother's death ; 
for in 1315 Ralph de Monthermer, Countess Joan's 
husband, did service for certain lands which after- 
wards devolved on Isabella. Also in 1327-8, being 
Berkeley's widow, she petitioned, stating that her 
brother. Earl Gilbert, had granted her the manors of 
Shipton and Barford, for the restitution of which she 
prayed. She was to show her charters. Berkeley had 
been justiciary in South Wales, and custos of the castles 
there. Isabel seems to have died childless, 1338. 

By his second wife, Joan of Acre, the Earl had a 
son, Gilbert, bom 1291, and three daughters, Eleanor, 
or Alianor, Elizabeth and Margaret, afterwards co- 
heiresses of the estate, to the exclusion of their half- 
sister Isabel, who was, no doubt, ousted by the sur- 
render and settlement of the estates, and by the rule 
against the inheriting by the half blood. 



THE EAELS OF GLOUCESTER AND HERTFOKD. 147 

The EarFs executors were Thomas, Abbot of Tewkes- 
bury, Robert le Veal of co. Somerset, Simon de Hey- 
ham, Adam de Blechingley, and William de Hamel- 
don ; and to them, on the EarFs death, at Countess 
Joan's request, the King pardoned 10,000 marcs due 
to the Exchequer. It appears that the whole debt 
was £7284 5s. 7\d.y agamst which was a set-off of 
£2262 12^. Zd. Joan did homage on her accession, 
18th January 1296. Her keeper of the wardrobe was 
John de Bruges, parson of Heghtred. 

Among the allowances for the year is £79 6^. for 
the transport of fifty South Welsh hostages fi:om 
Bristol to Salisbury Castle. Thirteen others were sent 
to Newcastle, and sixty to Bamburgh. Three prisoners 
taken by Roger de Knovil were pardoned for £40. 

Joan mamed secretly and speedily in 1296 Ralph de 
Monthermer, a simple esquire, upoi whom she seems 

Ereviously to have induced the King to confer knight- 
ood. The precise date of the marria^ is not pre- 
served; but 16th March 1297, it was unknown, for 
Edward assented to a proposal for marrying Joan to 
Amadaeus, Earl of Savoy. When the marriage was 
discovered. Edward waa irious. He imprisor^ Mon- 
thermer, and seized all his daughter's lands. 15th 
March 1297, Marc de Harley had her in custody, and 
was to provide her with reasonable sustenance. Ed- 
ward's paternal love must have been stroncf, for before 
lo,«, at%he intercerion of BUhop Bee, hi gave -ay. 
Her answer to her father's remonstrances is said to 
have pleased him. " It is not," said she, " considered 
an ignominy for a powerful Earl to marry *pauperculam 
mulierem ^ et tenuem' ; neither therefore is it repre- 
hensible in a Countess * Juvenem strenuum promo- 
vere.' " Joan was allowed to reside quietly at Marl- 
borough, and after a short time th2 mak^e wa« 
recognized; and 26th Edward I, 1297-8, Monthermer 
had livery of the estates, and was summoned as Earl 
of Gloucester and Hertford by the tenure of fifty 
knight's fees. He proved a gallant soldier, rose high 

l2 



148 THE LAND OF MORGAN: 

in the King's favour,. and after some delay seems to 
have been allowed to administer the lordship of Gla- 
morgan till the mgyority.of the young Earl. 

Meantime the King, administering as guardian, had 
issued writs to Morgan the son of Meredith, and David 
le Grant, to levy and send forward Welsh troops to 
Gascony; and another writ with Morgan couples Henry 
de Penbruge. 9th May 1297, the custos was to hear the 
plaints, according to the local custom, of Simon de 
Kalege and Joanna his wife, aind James de Bonneville 
and Amabilia his wife. These probably related to 
Wrenchester, the Ralegh estate in Glamorgan. 3rd 
July 1297, writs were issued to postpone a payment 
of 100 marcs, which the men of Tyriarth (Tir-y jarU) had 
been fined, with Countess Joan, to be secured in their 
ancient customs, and of a similar payment of 500 
marcs from the men of Miscin and Glynrothny, and 
100 marcs from the commonalty of Senghennith ; and 
15th July, Walter de Hacklut, Custos, was ordered 
to complete the gate of the Castle of Llantrissant, 
which he had begun. 18th July, at the prayer of 
the Archbishop, the King restored to the Bishop of 
Llandaff his lands which had been held by the Barons 
of the Exchequer ; also the Countess Joan, in the ex- 
ercise of her rights, sold the wardship of John le Sor 
for ten years to Lovetot, who sold it to a Sienna mer- 
chant for 260^ marcs. Le Sor was a Glamorgan land- 
holder. 

In 1301, Tonbridge Castle was restored to the Earl 
and Countess, with estates in Kent, Surrey, Sussex, 
and the Isle of Portland. In Marc de Harley's ac- 
counts for the Honour of Tonbridge is a charge for 
" vadia" for a Welsh hostage there kept. The royal 
accounts extend from 2nd May 1298, to 16th Novem- 
ber 1301, when the restoration took place. In 1301, 
Monthermer signed the barons' letter to Pope Boni- 
face the VIII, as " R. de Monthermer Com. Glouces- 
trise et Hertfordiae." The Archbishop wrote to him 
about restoring the goods of Earl GUbert to his ex- 



THE EABLS OF QLOUGESTEB AND HERTFORD. 149 

ecutors, and cites Robert de St. Fagan, treasurer of 
the church of Llandaff, to reply concerning them. This 
was Robert le Veal who was Lord of St. Fagan's. In 
1304-5, a subsidy was levied upon Wales for the war. 
North Wales paid £1,333 6^. 8d. ; West Wales, 
£833 65. Sd. ; Flint, £333 6^. 8d. ; Powys, £216 
13s. 4d; Builth, £50; Montgomery, £40; total, 
£2,806 13s. 4d 

26th July 1306, Prince Edward writes to Joan from 
Lambeth, thanking her for her goods and her seal> 
which latter he returns by his clerk. He assures her 
that the King is not so harsh to him as she has been 
told. 1304-5, Earl Ralph appointed Richard de Ro- 
chelle to be his sheriff for Glamorgan. In 1306, 
the year of Bruce's coronation at Scone, he received 
from Edward the lands of Athol, Strathbolgi, and 
Strathem. He was then styled Earl of Gloucester 
and Huntingdon. 26th February 1307, in the year of 
Edward's death, the Earl was one of the four Lords 
sworn to enforce the order for the banishment of Ga- 
veston. Countess Joan died in March in that year, 
when her father was engaged in his last campaign. 
The news reached him at Carlisle. He issued two 
mandates : one, 1st April, commending her to God, and 
directing prayer to be made for her soul, and another, 
9th May, announcing her death " non sine cordis ama- 
ritudine", and directing Mass to be said. He himself 
followed her on the 7th July. Soon afterwards, on the 
coming of age of his step-son, Ralph laid aside the 
title of Gloucester and Hertford, and afterwards took 
rank as a Baron only. Between Joan's death and his 
own, Edward, by writ of Privy Seal, 14th June, for- 
mally acquitted Ralph de Monthermer, Earl of Glou- 
cester, all debts which he and his late wife Joan owed 
to him, and, from Carlisle, 14th November 1307, 
ordered letters of release under the great seal. 

Monthermer lived on into the reign of Edward II, 
and survived the young earl. He was taken at Ban- 
nockbum, but released, and married to his second wife. 



150 THE LAND OF MOBGAN: 

Isabel, sister of Aymer of Valence and widow of John 
Hastings, Earl of Pembroke, also a great heiress and 
allied to royalty. Both his wives were great heiresses, 
but both had sons by previous husbands, so that neither 
he nor his chOdren inherited from them. By Joan he 
had two sons, but his eventual heiress was a daughter 
who married John de Montacute, since which all suc- 
ceeding Montacutes and, on questionable authority, 
the Montagues, have quartered the arms of Monthermer. 

Countess Joan gave lands at Caversham for her soul's 
weal and that of Earl Gilbert, and was buried in the 
church of the Augustins at Clare. Her brother, Edward 
II, and many magnates, attended her fiineral. Neither 
Monthermer nor, his countess seem to have taken much 
interest in Glamorgan matters; in 1316, however, he 
held the wardship of Peter le Veele, a Glamorgan land- 
owner, at that time a minor. 

Gilbert de Clare, 8th Earl of Gloucester, and 8th of 
Hereford, and 10th Earl of Clare, was bom in 1291, 
and was thus about four years old at his father's death 
in 1295, and seventeen at that of his mother in 1307. 
He seems to have been on good terms with his cousin, 
Edward II, in their youth, for in a letter to his father 
in 1305, the prince asked to be allowed to have Gilbert 
de Clare and Perot de Gaveston as companions. In 
1 306, while under age and a ward to th0 King his grand- 
father, the Earl appeared before the Coiut at Westmin- 
ster, and claimed to be allowed certain tenements, 
liberties, advowsons of churches, etc., which his father 
had possessed in the city of London, holden by socage 
tenure, and which did not pass into th^ King's ward- 
ship, but by the custom of the city could be claimed 
when the neir was of an age to manage them and 
himself; imtil when they were to be in the charge of 
his next friend. The claim was admitted and livery 
was granted, he being then eighteen years old, " et 
habet sensum, racionem, et intellectum ad regendum se 
et sua." This was extended, 26th November 1307, to 
all his possessions throughout England held in socage 



THE EARLS OF GLOUCESTEB AND HERTFORD. 151 

or fee farm, and indeed the entry on the Close Roll 
looks as though the King admitted him at once to all 
his possessions. His mother's death and the accession 
of Edward nearly coincide with his assumption of his 
titles and the enjoyment of his estates. 

One of Edward's first acts was to recal Gaveston, and 
to give him the earldom of Cornwall, and Margaret, 
one of Gloucester's sisters, for a wife. They were 
betrothed 29th October 1307, and the bridegroom had 
large gifts in money and jewels from the late King's 
treasury. The offence Gaveston gave to the nobles 
speedily led to his second banishment, decreed by 
letters patent, 8th of May, and which was actually 
enforced 25th of March 1308. The King, however, 
diverted the blow by sending him to Ireland as regent. 
On this occasion Gloucester seems to have remained 
neuter. In this year a writ was issued to the custos of 
Dene Forest to augment the bishopric of Llandaff, 
which "nimis exilis esse dinoscitur", by the gift of the 
Church of All Saints, Newland, promised by the late 
King. Also inquiry is to be made as to the claim of 
the neighbouring parsons to assarts in the forest. In 
July 1309, Gaveston returned, and on this occasion 
Earl GUbert stood his friend and made his peace with 
the barons, though for a short time only. At this time 
the Abbot of Margam was about to attend a Cistercian 
chapter. 

At the council of Westminster in March 1310, Glou- 
cester was one of the four earls appointed to keep the 
peace. He also was one of the "ordainers" appomted 
by the King at that council, at the close of which 
Edward went to Scotland, leaving the Earl of Lincoln 
as regent, who, dying in February 1311, was succeeded, 
4th March, by the Earl of Gloucester. Some of his 
acts in that capacity are cited in a petition to Parlia- 
ment, 8th Edward II. In August the King again met 
his Parliament in London, and the ordainers gave in 
their report, four articles of which provided for the 
banishment of Gaveston, to which the King was forced 



152 THE LAND OF MOBGAN: 

to yield. In February 1312, the Kinff, violating his 
assent, recalled Gaveston ; on which the barons rose, 
captured him at Scarborough castle — an event followed 
by his illegal but well deserved death, 19th June 1311. 

The Earl's position from the first had been one of 
great difficulty. As nephew to, and an early friend of, 
the King he was naturally one of his chief supporters ; 
but his tendencies, like those of his father and grand- 
father, were to oppose the abuse of the royal power, 
and, as far as possible, to moderate its excesses. He evi- 
dently, all along, disapproved of Gaveston's proceedings, 
and although on one occasion he took his part, and was 
relied upon by the ofiender, he showed no disposition 
to avenge his death, but joined his eflforts to those of 
the Bishops to bring about a better understanding. It 
was at his request that the jewels taken with Gaveston 
were given up to the King. By some accounts, when 
pressed by the Earl of Leicester to interfere to save 
Gaveston, he declined, save only to change the manner 
of his death. Edward seems to have regarded him 
with distrust, and he is ordered not to attend Parlia- 
ment " cum equis et armis, more debito", but to come 
as in the time of the late King. His exertions certainly 
contributed largely to stave off the civD. war. 20th 
April 1312, he haa a safe-conduct, with his horses and 
arms, to pass through London to Eltham. 

23rd May 1313, Edward attended the coronation of 
the King of Navarre, leaving Gloucester to open Parlia- 
ment as regent. He seems, at this time, to have had 
heavy unsettled accounts with the exchequer. In 
1309-11, he had £1,000 for his expenses in Scotland, 
and 3,500 marcs were to be paid him from the first 
money received from wardships. He had also a grant 
of 5,000 marcs on the same account. In 1313-14, he 
went to France on a mission; and in June 1314, 
attended the King in Scotland, bringing 5,000 retainers 
at his own charge, and thus supported, he appeared 
with the king at Bannockburn, 24-30th June 1314. 

The rivalry with his Welsh neighbour, de Bohun, 



THE EARLS OP GLOUCESTER AND HERTFORD. 153 

displayed itself on the battle-field. De Clare claimed the 
vanguard, the place of his ancestors, against de Bohun, 
who claimed it as High Constable. While the chiefs 
disputed, the Scots advanced, and de Clare, in his 
undiscipUned valour, rode hard in advance of his men 
to draw the first blood. He became entangled in the 
ranks, was overthrown, and fighting valiantly, was 
slain. "There", says Walsingham, " charged that noble 
soldier, Gilbert Earl of Clare, avenging with his own 
hands upon the Scots the cruel death that awaited 
him." With him fell Giles de Argentine, who had 
advanced to his rescue. Gloucester is said to have 
owed his death to having charged without waiting for 
his surcoat of armorial bearings, so that the Scots were 
ignorant of his name ; otherwise, the immense ransom 
that would have been paid for him would have saved 
his life. His body was given up without ransom and 
sent to the King at Berwick. It rested finally at 
Tewkesbury, on tne left hand of that of his father. 

Earl Gilbert was but twenty-three years old at his 
death in June 1314, and had survived his father nine- 
teen years. By his wife Maud, who appears to have 
been a daughter of John, son of Richard de Burgh, 
Earl of Ulster, he had one son, John, who died just 
before his father, and was buried at Tewkesbury in the 
Lady chapel. With the Earl, therefore, ended the 
main line of the great house of Clare, Earls of Glou- 
cester and Hereford. The Coimtess declared herself 
not only pregnant but quick with child, a statement 
which gave rise to some very curious legal proceedings 
between her and the husbands of the sisters and pre- 
sumptive co-heirs; nor was it until 1317 that the 
dispute was settled and all hope of issue given up. The 
case was raised by Hugh le Despenser, husband of the 
the elder co-heir, who prayed for a division of the 
estates and tendered homage. On this the Countess 
pleaded pregnancy, and onered herself to a jury of 
matrons under a writ "de ventre inspiciendo", for which, 
however, Despenser did not move. The question of 



154 THE LAND OP MORGAN: 

law as to how long it would be proper to wait was one 
of extreme nicety ," novum et difficile", some holding 
that no child born eleven months after the reputed 
father's death could be really his. The King referred 
the matter, by a writ of privy seal, to the chancellor 
and two justices, who advised a reference to Parliament. 
It was, however, referred to certain doctors of the 
canon law, and finally came before Parliament in the 
quindene of Easter, 1317, when the statement of preg- 
nancy was abandoned, and it was admitted that by the 
course of nature the Countess "non posset dici a predict© 
comite impregnata." The King then accepted the 
homage of the husbands, aU the sisters being married. 

Under the Close Roll of 8th Edward II, 1314-15, 
an assignation of dower was made to the Countess. 
Upon the Welsh lands she had £440 3^. l|d., and to 
make up one third of the issues of Great Marlow, 
Bucks, £64 125. 0^. ; total, £504 15s. 2d. She had 
the castle, manor, and vill of Caerleon, the manors of 
Lyswini and Llevenyth, and lands in Edlegam and 
Little Tintern, besides lands in Berks, Gloucester, 
Norfolk, Oxford, Suffolk, Surrey, and Wilts. 

The returns of the King's escheator show who were 
reputed the heirs of the Earl, and what lands he held 
" in capite." The returns, being from many counties, 
were very numerous, but most stated that, saving the 
pregnancy of the widow, the heirs were the three 
sisters, then of full age. Some, however, include Isabel, 
the earl's half-sister, on which point it was decided, 
"et quia in aliquibus ipquisitionibus continebatur, quod 
Isabella, prout soror et hseres praefati comitis simul cum 
praedictis Alianora et Margareta, consideratum fuit, etc. 
.... at inquirendum, etc' .... and the return further 
stated, "quod non fiiit aliqua Isabella soror praedicti 
comitis que debuit succedere in aliqua parte dictss 
hereditatis, sed quod prsefata Alianora, Margareta, et 
Elizabetha fuerunt sorores, etc." . . . Isabel was no 
doubt doubly excluded, by the surrender of the estate 
and its re-settlement, on the Earl's second marriage, 




THE EARLS OF GLOUCESTER AND HERTFORD. 155 

and as being related by the half blood only. The re- 
turns from Oxford, Berks, and Suffolk, give Eleanor, 
Margaret, and Isabel. Here, however, Isabel seems to 
be put for Elizabeth. 

The Earl's executors, Richard de Rodney, Ithel de 
Caerwent, and Richard de Byflet, had a writ to give 
seizin to the heirs 15th June 1317. They had already, 
5th July 1314, got possession of the personalty. On 
the Earl's death, the "sigillum deputatum" for the land 
of Glamorgan was placed in the King's hands, who 

ve it, 23rd July, 7th Edward II, to Ingelram de 

renger, custos of the land, who, 28th October 1314, 
came to the Exchequer and gave it up to the barons. 

The actual partition was a tedious business, and 
** pendente lite the estates remained in the King's 
hands, and certain *'custodes" managed them. John 
Giffiird of Brimmesfield, called "Le Rych", an active 
soldier much concerned in Welsh affairs, had charge of 
the castles of Glamorgan and Morgan. His father, 
also, John Giffard, had held St. Briavels, 47th Henry 
III, and Dynevor, 18th Edward I, and seems to have 
held Brunlais in right of his first wife, Maud Clifford. 
The younger John was custos of Drysllwyn, 2nd Ed- 
ward II, and was taken at Borough Bridge, and ex- 
ecuted 1322. Various details of administration were 
settled by the King. 7th August 1314, he granted to 
Geoffrey de Aylsham, the late Earl's confessor, the 
issues of the vacant See of Durham. 14th September 
1314, Bartholomew de Badlesmere was in charge of 
Glamorgan, and all the officers of the lordship were to 
have the same fees as in the time of the Earl. Also he 
is to store the castles. The fees, it appears, were : — To 
the Sheriff 100 marcs yearly, two robes, and £6 for an 
additional horse ; to the comptroller, £6 135. 4c?., and 
405. for robes; to the constable of Cardiff Castle, 
£4 68. 8d., and £12 for robes; to the constable of 
Llantrissant Castle, £13 6s. 8d.; of Caerphilly, £40, 
and for robes, £5. The constable of the Tower of 
London is to receive and hold Morgan de Avene, who 



156 THE LAND OF MORGAN: 

will be delivered to him by William de Braose. Mor- 
gan was still in the Tower 13th July 1316, when there 
was some mention of his bails. 14th March 1315, 
Badlesmere was to appoint Llewelyn ap Griffith (an- 
cestor of Lewis of Van and Green Meadow), to a baillie- 
wick, such as he held in the time of the late Earl, if he 
be fit for it. 1 5th March, the Welsh of Morgan wg have 
petitioned the King that the hostages in custody with 
Badlesmere should be allowed sucn sustenance irom 
the lands as they were accustomed to have from Earl 
Gilbert and his ancestors. The King asks how this 
was; and if the petition be weU founded the practice 
is to be continued. At the same time, 14th March, 
Llewelyn ap Griffith states that the "Forcelettum de 
Blank Monster", our tower of Whitchurch, is "in nuUo 
(novo) edificatum", and that there is a mill there with 
profits attached to it. The King directs that Llewelyn 
IS to have the "forcelettum", but that Badlesmere is to 
do with the mill as seems best. The "forcelettiun" 
seems eventually to have reverted to the chief lord, 
but the land near it still is held by Llewelyn's de- 
scendant, Mr. Lewis. Llewelyn further pleads a pro- 
mise fi:om Earl Gilbert of 10 marcs rent, of which 
he has received two by gift in Egloswladus (Capel 
Gwladys). He also complains of having been unjustly 
harassed. In 1317, 15th May, Edward orders this to 
be set right, and the 8 marcs to be paid out of the 
issues of Glamorgan. John, Bishop of Llandaff, also 

})uts in a claim for the tithe of grants of the "new 
and" in all the extra-parochial parts of Dene Forest, 
granted by the late King on account of the poverty of 
the See ; and, because there is a question about the 
boundaries, Ralph de Monthermer, as custos of the 
Forest, is to see to the matter. In this 8th Edward II, 
eleven men of Tiriarth were remitted 50 marcs of their 
fine for rebellion, and those of Neath 200 marcs. They 
seem to have paid 50 marcs, 3rd Edward II, out of a 
fine of 200 marcs, and the men of Neath 200 marcs 
out of 500 marcs, through Badlesmere. To William de 



THE EABLS OF GLOUCESTER AND HERTFORD. 157 

Berkerolles is remitted 10 marcs, to John le Noreis 
£10, and to Robert de Greyndon £10. Also to Leysan 
de Avene was allowed 40 marcs if he could show that, 
as he said, he had expended so much of his own money 
when directed to defend Kenfig; also a similar pay- 
ment of 50 marcs to Payn de TurberviUe. The Abbot 
of Caerleon stated that Earl Gilbert had taken great 
part of his land under an exchange, but had not 
fulfilled the agreement. He had £10 on this account 
from the issues of Glamorgan. The Bishop was John 
of Monmouth, a member apparently of the baronial 
house of that name and place. He was an active person 
in Welsh affairs, and ever on the side of order. In 
1310 he was one of the fifteen Lords Ordainers ; and, 
in 1311-14, he and his chapter advanced 100 marcs to 
the King ; and, in 1320, he was the agent for enforcing 
a loan from the knights Hospitallers in his diocese. In 
the following year he appears as pronouncing eccle- 
siastical censures against those who spoke evil of the 
King. In 1322 he was called upon to give an opinion 
upon the exile of the Despensers, having been absent 
fi-om the council in which the judgment was declared 
illegal. Soon afterwards he emplovs the spiritual arm 
and offered up prayers for the Kmg's success, which, 
however, he enforced by the temporal arm, by furnish- 
ing men-at-arms. He is, however, getting old, and on 
this plea excuses himself fi:om attending the Parliament 
at York ; and in 1323 he died. 

A mild and just policy marks all the King's deci- 
sions in these local matters. The men of Senghenydd 
complained that the housebote and heybote they had 
under the Eajrl were taken away by Badlesmere, who 
had sold the **bosc". In this, also, they were to have 
satisfaction. 1st December 1315, TurberviUe is to be 
custos of Glamorgan, with charge of the castles, and to 
take fealty from ^ who held of the lordship, whether 
in Glamorgan or Pembroke. Robert de Greyndon, 
however, was made sheriff in the lands held by Gilbert 
de Clare of the King *'in capite". He held office from the 



158 THE LAND OP MOKGAN: 

death of Earl Gilbert to the Assumption of the Virgin, 
10th Edward II, and had £10 for his expenses against 
the Welsh. The remissions had reference to the past 
rebeUion, but there was still much local discontent, 
which in this year broke out in East Glamorgan under 
the leadership of Llewelyn Bren, a landowner on the 
left bank of the Taff, within the hill country. 9th 
February 1316, the sheriffs of Gloucester and Somerset, 
and John de Wysham, constable of St. Briavels, were 
to provide men and victuals for a force to put down the 
rising, and Stephen le Blund is to provide the money. 
13th February, Himaphrey de Bohun was to take the 
command. Peace was at once restored. 23rd March, 
Bohun was ordered to send Llewelyn Bren, his wife, 
and sons, Griffith and G^van, to the Tower, where they 
still remained, 17th June 1317. Also, 26th March, 
Wm. de Montacute, Hy. de Pembrugge, and Robert de 
Grendon were to sit and take fines in Glamorgan for 
the breach of the laws. Bail was taken for Llewelina, 
wife of Llewelyn, for David, Meuric and Ruyn ap 
Llewelyn, Howel ap Ivor, Ywaun ap Ivor, Llewelyn ap 
Madoc, Madoc Vachan, Grono ap Res, and Res Miskyn, 
all, probably, relations or neighbours of Llewelyn Bren. 
John Gifiaf d is to pay GreySdon's fees as shei^ff. For 
services during the rising, the King gave to Rimus Bol 
of Sheghere, the land of Sheghere which Rimus 
Vaughan had held under the Earl. To Wm. Fleming 
was committed the custody of Llantrissant Castle, and 
the Forest of Miskyn as bailiff. Afterwards he fell 
under the King's displeasure, and was executed at 
Cardiff for treason. Also, Maurice de Berkeley was to 
be a justice of South Wales, with the custody of all the 
King's castles not given to others. 

The King's lenient conduct was not appreciated ; and 
ascribed, not unjustly, to his weakness. 20th Sep- 
tember 1316, he informs the Bishop of Llandaff that he 
hears that many outlaws and other malefactors frequent 
the Church of Llandaff, and are there received and kept, 
going to and fro at their pleasure, and committing rob- 






J" 



THE EARLS OF GLOUCESTER AND HERTFORD. 159 

beries, etc., in those parts. The bishop is called upon 
to apply a remedy. 

5th November. Letters patent inform the men of 
Glamorgan that John Walwayn and John Giffard were 
assigned to receive arrears of fines in those parts for 
the redemption of life and limb, upon their goods and 
chattels, under the awards of Wm. de Montacute and 
his fellows in the year preceding. Of the same date 
was a writ for the delivery of all the Welsh concerned 
in Llewelyn Bren's rising who had paid the fines 
awarded by Montacute, but the effect of the disturbance 
was long telt, and, as late as 1224-5, the Prior of Gold- 
cliff was in arrear with his tithe on account of Llewelyn 
Bren's excesses. The Close Roll of 5th February 1316 
states that Ralph de Monthermer and Joan, his wife, 
the King's sister, by charter, at the request of Edward 
I, granted to Morgan ap Meredith aU his land of 
Edlegam for life, for £15 yearly, aixd he was to pay for 
the remaining lands above that value; but Morgan now 
states that when Earl Gilbert took seizin he removed 
him from Edlegam, and in its place gave him Cogan- 
more hamlet for life, worth not above £10, as the 
recent inquisition shows, on which Morgan prays that 
in consideration for his services, past and future, he 
may be allowed 100^. in land. To this the King con- 
sented, and ordered Turberville to see to it. 

The three sisters, in behalf of whom "divisus est 
comitatus nobUissimus in tres baronias", were all mai*- 
ried, and their husbands continued to press for the 
division of the spoil. They were : — 1 , Alianor, a^d 
twenty-two in 1314; married in 1312 Hugh le De- 
spenser, and on his death, William Lord Zouch of 
Mortimer. 2, Margaret, aged twenty-one in 1314 ; 
married, first. Piers Gaveston, and afterwards Hugh 
D'Audley, the younger. 3, Elizabeth, married, first, 
John, son and heir of John de Burgh, Earl of Ulster ; 
next, Theobald Verdon, and, finally, Roger d'Amory. 

As, in the partition, the lordship of Glamorgan, the 
Castles of Cardiff and Caerphilly, and the patronage 



160 THE LAND OP MORGAN: 

of Tewkesbury, fell to the elder sister, her descendants 
by Despenser were regarded as continuing the line of 
de Clare, so far as regarded Glamorgan, and their 
history alone belongs to the history of that county. 

Graveston, the husband of Margaret de Clare, was a 
Gascon knight, brought up with young Edward, until 
the King, seeing his excessive and mischievous in- 
fluence over the Prince, removed him, February 1307, 
^'ust before his death, and banished him from England. 
Mward, become King, at once recalled him, and, 29th 
October 1307, betrothed him to Margaret de Clare, to 
whom, immediately afterwards, he was married, at 
Berkhamstead, an appanage of the Earldom of Corn- 
wall just granted, 6th August, to Gaveston. The new 
Earl's follies and arrogance, and his alternate prosperity 
and adversity, belong to the history of the reign. He 
was beheaded 19th June 1312, and the long list of his 
possessions occupies five pages in the Fcedera. Edward 
buried hun with great ceremony at Langley, and him- 
self placed two palls of cloth of gold upon his tomb. 
By Margaret he left a daughter, Joan, whom he had 

E reposed to betroth to Thomas, son and heir of John, 
lOrd Wake. Wake, however, married elsewhere with- 
out the King's licence, for which he was fined heavily. 
Joan was then betrothed by the King to John, son of 
Thomas de Multon, Lord of Egremont, both then very 
young. Edward promised her £1,000 portion, and she 
was to have a jointure of 400 marcs per annum. The 
£1,000 was paid as a fine by Wake to Multon, 11th 
Edward II. Joan probably died early, for she is not 
again mentioned, and Multon married another lady, 
14th Edward II. 

Hugh de Audley, whom Margaret next married, was 
son of Hugh, a cadet of the Barons Audley, of Heleigh 
Castle. She was then styled widow of Piers Gaveston, 
and having become a coheiress, she had by partition, 
11th Edward II, the castle and tower of Newport, the 
manors of Stowe, Rempney, Dyneley, and Maghay, 
the hamlet of Frenebothe (Ebbw), and the commote 



THE EARLS OF GLOUCESTER AND HERTFORD. 161 

of Wentloog. Thombury also came to her, and Ton- 
bridge Castle, and much English property. Thus the 
Monmouthshire portion of the lordship was cut oft 
from the Glamorgan part. 15th Edward II, Audley 
was in arms for Thomas of Lancaster, and was taken 
at Boroughbridge, but pardoned owing to his wife's 
interest. 

20th Edward II. Maria, widow of William de 
Brewose held in dower one-third of the manor of Buck- 
ingham and of the hamlet of Burton (?), parcel of it, of 
the heritage of John de Brewose, all which, together 
with two parts of the said manor and hamlet are held 
of Hugh de Audley and Margaret his wife, of the heri- 
tage, etc., and John is of ftdl age. This was no doubt 
a part of the old Giffard estate, inherited by the de 
Clares. 

7th Edward III. Audley was fighting against Wil- 
liam la Zouch of Mortimer. He served in Scotland, and, 
23rd April 1337, was created Earl of Gloucester by 
patent to him and his heirs. He was allowed a grant 
out of the issues of the earldom instead of the usual 
third penny. As Earl of Gloucester he was much em- 
ployed by Edward III in war, and held a command at 
Vironfosse. 14th Edward III, he was in the sea fight 
at Sluys. 16th Edward III, he went into Brittany 
with a retinue of 100 men-at-arms, a banneret, 20 
knights, 78 esquires, and 100 mounted archers; a 

!)rincely retinue. 17th Edward III, he was in Scot- 
and. 

Audley died 1347, leaving by Margaret one daughter, 
Margaret, aged thirty years. She married Ralph, 
Lord Stafford, and carried to that family Thombury 
.and large estates in Monmouthshire and elsewhere, 
which descended to the Dukes of Buckingham of the 
name of Stafford. 

Notwithstanding the terms of the patent, the earl- 
dom was dropped on Audley 's death, nor was it again 
revived in his descendants. 

Elizabeth de Clare, the third sister, was much the 



162 THE LAND OF MORGAN: 

greatest lady of the three. To her was adjudged the 
Honour of Clare, with lands in Dorset and Monmouth. 
She married, 1, John de Burgh, Earl of Ulster, who 
died 1313; and by him was mother of John de Burgh, 
bom at Cardiff, on the morrow after Easter-day 1313, 
and baptised, 1 4 days later, by the Bishop of Llandaff, in 
the presence of the King. He died young. The 
Countess also had William, Earl of Ulster, whose 
daughter and heir, Elizabeth, living 1355, married 
Lionel, 3rd son of Edward III, in whose person were 
revived his wife's honours, he being created Earl of 
Ulster and Duke of Clare or Clarence. Their daughter 
PhUippa married Edmund, Earl of March, and through 
her the House of York derived its claim to the 
throne. 

Elizabeth married secondly, at Bristol, 3rd February 
1315, Theobald de Verdon, otherwise Butler, as his 
second wife. The marriage seems to have been clan- 
destine, and the lady by no means coy. De Verdon 
was charged before Parliament with having on the 
Wednesday after the 2nd February 1315, 18th Ed- 
ward II, forcibly abducted Elizabeth, widow of John 
de Burgh, and the King's niece, from the castle of 
Bristol, where she was lodged in ward to the King, 
having been summoned thither from Ireland. His de- 
fence was that he never entered the castle, but that 
Elizabeth came forth a league from it to meet him, 
when they were married. He gave bail to meet the 
charge. De Verdon was of Newbold- Verdon and a 
baron, and had probably made the lady's acquaintance 
in Ireland, where he was justiciary. He did not long 
survive, dying 27th July 1316. He was buried at 
Crokesden, co. Stafford, leaving Elizabeth pregnant 
with a daughter, Isabel, born on St. Benedict's day fol- 
lowing her father's death, and co-heir with her two 
half-sisters of the Verdon estates. She married 
Henry, Lord Ferrers of Groby, who did homage for her 
lands 5th Edward III, and died 15th September, 17th 
Edward III, by whom she had William, Lord Ferrers. 



THE EARLS OF GLOUCESTER AND HERTFORD. 163 

It appears that in her grants, Elizabeth the elder did 
not use the name of Verdon, but styled herself Eliza- 
beth de Burgh, Lady of Clare. 

On the death of Theobald de Verdon, Elizabeth 
married a third husband. Sir Eoger d'Amory, baron of 
Amory in Ireland, to whom about that time, 10th 
Edward II, Edward granted Sandal in Yorkshire, and 
manors in Oxford and Surrey, and soon afterwards, 
in 1319, Nicholas de Verdon prayed to be admitted 
to the lands of his late brother Theobald. In d' Amory 
Elizabeth gained a husband who was able to protect 
her through most of the troubles of the latter part 
of the reign of Edward II. He had summons to 
Parliament in the 11th, 12th, 13th, and 14th, of Ed- 
ward II. 

14th and 15th Edward II, he was Governor of the 
castles of Ewias-Lacy, Gloucester, and Bristol, and 
warden of Dene Forest. He also had Knaresborough 
Castle. He was, on the whole, opposed to the Earl 
of Lancaster, and acted with Badlesmere and Pem- 
broke, binding himself in 1317 by a bond for £10,000 
to do his best to lead the King to be governed by 
those Lords. In 1320, however, he joined the general 
body of the discontented, probably from dislike to the 
Despensers, and 8th December, 15th Edward II, 1321, 
a writ was issued for his arrest, which preceded his 
death but a few months, he dying at Tutbury 1322, 
when his body was given up to his widow, who buried 
him at Ware Priory. 

Edward at first seized his lands for rebellion, but 
speedily relented, and the Close Roll, 2nd November 
1322, directs that Elizabeth de Burgo is to have her 
lands in divers counties. Soon afterwards, however, 
7th January 1323, it is declared that, whereas Eliza- 
beth de Burgo, the widow of Roger d' Amory, knight, 
the King's niece, has receded from his presence without 
licence, her lands are to be seized. 

By Roger d' Amory Elizabeth had one daughter, 
Isabel, who married John, Lord Bardolf, aged 17, 



164 THE LAND OF MORGAN I 

3rd Edward III, who made proof of age and had liveiy 
of his lands, 9th Edward III. The marriage took 
place, 10th Edward III.' Bardolf was an active soldier 
and saw much service. He died 3rd August 1371. 
Besides two daughters, Isabel and Agnes, mentioned 
in their grandmother's will, they had William, father 
of Thomas, Lord Bardolf, who was returned, 1 H. IV, as 
cousin and heir of Sir Roger d'Amory. He also 
inherited lands from Elizabeth de Clare. 

Elizabeth de Clare was the foundress of Clare Hall, 
Cambridge. She died 4th November 1360, leaving a 
will, dated 25th September 1355, of great length, and 
disposing of large personal property. It has been 
printed by Nichols in his Royal Wills. She therein 
styles herself, as before, Elizabeth de Burgh, Dame of 
Clare, and directs her body to be buried with the Nuns 
Minorites in Aldgate. She founded Masses for the 
weal of de Burgh, Verdon, and d'Amory, "Mes seig- 
neurs" ; and left legacies, among a host of persons, to 
Nichol. d'Amory her executor, and to John de Clare. 
" A ma sale apelle" Clare Hall she left £40 and some 
plate, the endowment being already completed. To 
the two Orders of Brothers at Cardiff she left £6, and 
she mentions her heritage in Clare, Dorset, and Mon- 
mouth. Her seals are well known to those curious in 
such matters, and have often been engraved. One, 

given in Montague's Guide to the Study of Heraldry^ 
as a central roundel charged on an escutcheon with 3 
cinquefoils for Bardolph, and round it, 8 roundels 
charged, 1 and 5 with a plain cross for de Burgh ; 2 
and 6, a cattle for Castile ; 3, bariy undy a bendlet 
for d'Amory ; 8, a lion rampart for Leon ; and 7, three 
chevrons for Clare. Another seal has in the centre 
d'Amory, and on roundels placed about it, England, 
Clare, de Burgh, with a file of 3 points, and a fret 
for Verdon, while four intervening roundels carry 
Castile and Leon for her grandmother Eleanor of 
Castile. 

And thus came to an end the great house of de 
Clare, and was closed the second great chapter in the 



THE EARLS OF GLOUCESTER AND HERTFORD. 165 

History of the Land of Morgan; the first being its 
condition under its native rulers, brought to an end 
by the conquest by Fitz-Hamon. Descending from 
Alianor de Clare, the elder co-heir, the Despensers con- 
tinued the female line in Glamorgan through various 
vicissitudes, transmitting it finally to the Beauchamps, 
whence it merged in the Nevilles, whose heiress mar- 
rying Richard Plantagenet gave occasion to his becom- 
ing Duke of Gloucester; on whose death as Richard III 
at Bosworth, the lordship escheated to the Crown, 
and the independent Marchership came practically to 
an end. 

During a part of the reign of John, and the whole 
of those most eventful periods in Welsh history, the 
reigns of Henry III and Edward I, and for much of 
that of Edward II, the de Clares were Lords of Gla- 
morgan, and upon Glamorgan they mainly relied for 
their immense political power. Their wealth, indeed, 
they drew from their English estates, and especially 
from those comprising the Honours of Clare and of 
Gloucester; but it was the possession of the land of 
Morgan that enabled them to take a position often 
opposed to and always independent of their sovereign. 
The position, no doubt, had its sources of weakness as 
well as of strength ; the sons of Morgan, brave in arms 
and unbridled m their zeal for liberty, were always 
ready to take advantage of a change of masters, of a 
minority, or of any weakness of purpose in the reign- 
ing Earl ; but at other times, when the Lord was firm 
and moderately just, they were not indocile subjects, 
and followed him and served him faithfiilly in war. In 
another respect the history of Glamorgan, under the 
house of Clare, bears upon a very interesting section 
of the history of England. Under the early Norman 
sovereigns, the Lords of the Welsh Marches acquired 
powers utterly inconsistent with the good government 
of the whole kingdom ; powers such as the great feu- 
datories on the continent so long exercised to the 
serious detriment of the kingdoms of France and Ger- 
many. The Earls of Gloucester and Hereford, the 



166 THE LAND OF MORGAN. 

Lords de Brax)se, of Mortimer, Warren, and the Earls 
of Chester, under a weak and imprudent Prince, such 
as Henry III, threw the whole kingdom into disorder, 
and gave a refuge to those barons whose estates lay- 
more at the mercy of the Crown. These powers the 
great Edward set himself to work to resume. His 
conquests were not merely nor mainly over the Welsh ; 
but in reducing the Welsh to submission, he destroyed 
the main source of the power of the marcher Lords; 
and long before the close of his reign, he had so con- 
solidated the Principality with England, that even 
the weakness and folly of his son were unable altogether 
to break it up. 



LoxnoH : 

IHHITIKG Alts CO., LIlflTES, SAUDllTIA HTKBKT, Lllf COLV'S-IirV-FIKLDS. 



Francis's Gower. 



THE SEAL OF 

THE BOROUGH OF SWANSEA, 

ttmp. John (i) 
Thb Silver Mace temp. Car. II (j), and Gold Macs lemp. Geo. Ill (j) 

A Detpict HOTti uitd by iht Corporalion. 



O. CROMWELL'S 



SURVEY OF GOWER 



A.D. 1660. 



Francis's Gower, p. 



QUARTERINGS^ 

I. Cromwell aliai Williams. 4. Jestvn af Gwrgan. 

1. EvNON Sais, 5. Blethvn ap Kynan. 

3. COLWYN AP TANGNO. fi. CONAN AP GWRSTAN. 



SEAL OF 

The Rt. Hon. OLIVER CROMWELL, 



■ FORCES, 165ft 
nal al See. <if Antiq. of London. 



LORDSHIP OF GOWER 



IN THE MARCHES OF WALES. 



9 ^urbag ^';;;\' 

^ with th( 



Seignory or Low of GOWER 
le severall Members thereof in 
the Covntie of Glamorgan begun the 27th day of August Anno 
1650. By Bussy Mansell and John Price Esq" and George 
Billinghurst Gent. ; By vertue of a Comission to them and 
others in that behaulfe given by the Bight Hon^** Oliver 
Cromwell Lord Gfirall of the Parliam*' forces, which Survay 
was afterwards continved and perfected by the Perambulacon 
of the said George Billinghurst, beinge assisted therein by 
some of the Tenants and Officers of the said Seignory. 

THE MANNOR OF GOWER ANGLICA. 

with the Extent and Bounderies thereof. 

THE said Manner reacheth to the river Twrch on the confinles 
of Brecofi towards the north east, and it is divided by the river 
Tawey from the Lo^^ of Kilvey on the east, and by the said 
river bovnded as the same leadeth about the Town of Swanzey 
to Mumbles, and from Mumbles the said Manner extendeth to 
Wormeshead (the Sea beinge on the south thereof), and from 
Wormeshead to the Holmes and Broughton and to the place 
where the waters of Loughour and Burries fall into the sea on 
the north west, and from thence to Bridgend, (beinge divided 
by the river of Loughour from the Covntie of Caermarthen) and 

B 



2 LORDSHIP OF GOWER. 

to Kathan water, and on the north parte thereof it eztendeth 
to Cygerwen, beinge divided by the river Amman from the 
Mountaines of Caermarthenshire. 

THERE is a decayed Bvildinge called the Castle 
of Swanzey, vr°^ the Jury presents to be the 
ancient Scite or Manner House of the said Lo^^ 
but I could not discover any Demeaznes bvt 
certain Leasehoulds which whether any of them 
were parte of the demeaznes of the said Manner 
onely fallen into the Lords hands by Escheat or 
otherwise it is vncertain. 

All the Acres are accompted accordinge to Statute acres. 

Leasehoulders and Tenants at will belongeinge to the said 

Manner. 

LANRIDIAN. 

Katherine Williams widdow 

Renu and A parcell of arrable lands called Bycroyse Contentt 
Services abuttinffe on the way from Swanzey to the of acres. 

reserved, «. . 

fforrest of Fairwood on the north and the 

said fforrest on the south and west valued a. r. 

ya. an acre . . . . • lo . o 

A parcell of meadow ground called Gwayn 
Fhillipp Thomas Madocke abuttinge on the 
lands of Bussy Mansell Esqr. on the south, 
the lands of Mr. Joseph Price on the north 
and west, valued v«. p acre . .07.0 OI.IS.CX) 

A parcell of pasture ground called Tir main 
Uwyd lyeinge at a place called Kevenbychan 
abuttinge on the lands of John Williams the 
younger on the east and Evan RobS son 
on the south, of the like value . . 01 . o 00 , 05 . 00 

^^^•*'- Which pmisses the tenant houlds 

1 iierr. by lease from the Earle of Wor- 





Vol. 


P-. 




annum. 


K 


S. 


d. 


02 


. 10 


.CX) 



LOBMHIP OF GO WEB. 9 

tte and cestcr dat. l"** Oct. 5*** Car. for CantenU Valp^ 

trved. xxi*** yeares under the yearely rent 9f ««»■«• anfium, 

of X8. att Annu & Mich. 2 cap. 

I"° Jafi. 1 herryott admort. ten'tis 

vizt. optim animat sive ytensile. 

LOUGHOUR. 

David William 

A cottage and garden thereto belongeinge a. r. It, s. d. 
A parcell of morish ground lyeinge near 
ynto the same called Kae newith kaye Ben- 
nett vai. zxxtf. p annu . . . 10 . o oi . lO . cx> 

d. xz«. Which ^misses the tenant houlds 

^^ by lease from the Earle of Wor- 

cester dat. l^ Junij 5*® Car. for 

xxi^^ yeares to begin from the date 

vnder the yearely rent of xx«, 

2 cap. I herryott vt supra. 

LOUGHOUR. 

Henry Jones 

A parcell of lands called Prydwen fforrest 
and Coed Fortrey abuttinge on the way 
from Swanzey to Loughour on the north 
▼at ij« vjc/ p acre • • • • 26 . o 03 . 05 . cx> 

A parcell of meadow called the Lords 
meadow lyeinge near the former vat ij«. yjc/. 
p acre • • • • . 20 . o 02 . 10 . 00 

A parcell of like meadow ground called 

Koaefer lyeinge near the former • . 04 . o 00 . 10 . 00 



SO . o 06 . 05 . 00 



led. XXI. Which ^misses the tenant houlds 

^•P* by lease from the Earle of Wor- 

cester dat. I® Dec. 6^ Car. for 
xxi"* yeares to begin from the date 



4 LORDSHIP OF GOWER. 

Renu and under the yearely rent of xx$. a. r. It, 8, rf. 

reserved. 2 cap. I herr vt supra. 

LOUGHOUB. 

Maysod Price, late Owen Price 
A water grist mill called Loughour mill 
beinge in Loughour aforesaid vat 4tU. p annu 00 . o 04 . OO . oo 

Bed. XX9. Which pmisses the tenant houlds 

I H*P;^ by lease from the Earle of Wor- 

cester dat. 10® Dec. 10"® Car. for 

xxi^" yeares from the date under 

the yearely rent of xx^^ 2 cap. 

I herr. 

John Bobert Morrice 

A cottage and about two acres of furzie 
lands therevnto belonginge and adioininge 
to Cumberlonge Comon on the south yai 
yJ5. viijrf. p annu . . . . 02 . o 00 . 06 . 08 

Which premisses the tenant houlds 
at will. 



Red. Tt. 



SWANZEY PARISH. 

David Jones^ late Ellis Price gent. 

A Mansion house and bame therevnto be- 
longeinge and certain parcells of arrable 
meadow pasture and rough ground lyeinge 
alltogeather about the house called by the 
name of Singletons vat iiij«. yjrf. p acre .32.0 07 . 04 . 00 

Red. viji. Which Smisses the tenant houlds 

1 HciT. by Lease from the Earle of Wor- 

cester dat. 29® Junij 10® Car. for 
xxj"* yeares from the date vnder 
the yearely rent of vij/t. 2 cap. 
I herr. vt supra. 

John Williams 

There is a Coalworke in Morwa Uy w which 



LORDSHIP OF GOWER. 5 

Renu and the tenant houlds by lease from the Lord a. r. /«• 8. d, 
regerved, ^^^' ^6** Sept. 1 639 for xxj^' yeares, and is to 

pay for every weigh that shall be wrought 

iiij«. at Ann^° & Michas. . . . 00 . o 00 . 04 . 00 

Dayid Richard 

An house and about half an acre of pasture 

ground thereto adioineinge ya) xs. p annu . 00 . 2 00 . 10 . CX) 

Two closes of dry pasture ground and a 
parcell of woodland called Graige y bwlden 
abuttinge on the lands of M' Bichard Davids 
on the south and east sides vat iiJ5. p acre .18.0 02 . 14 . 00 

^^^' '^'*' Which ^misses the tenant houlds 

at will under the yearely rent 18.2 03.04.00 
of iij/». 

Same totall of the Reserved rents 13/f. i$8. 

ood. and 5 couple of Capons . . 13 . 15 . 00 

Sume totall of the Value p annii 261%, 1 gs. o8d. 26 . 1 9 . 08 



GOWER ANGLICANA. 



The Names of the Ffreehoulders of the said Manno with 

the Rents they pay. 

PARCELL CLASE. 

Edward Thomas for lands called Dorglwyd in the 

hands of John Thomas Morgan . . 00 • 00 . o5 

The same Edward for lands called Tir Archard 

vach in the hands of Tho. Bowen . . 00 . 00 . 04 

John Lewis for lands in the possession of Kathe- 

rine Thomas widdow . . . 00 . 00 • 06 



6 LOBDSHIP OF GOWBR. 

David Fopkin for lands in the possession of John It. 8. d. 

Howell William . . . . CX) . cx) . 09 

The heires of Thomas Mathew for lands in the 

possession of David Morgan • • . 00 . 00 . 09 

The same heires for lands in the possession of 

Hopkin Morgan William . . . 00 . 00 . 03 

The same heires for lands in the possession of 

Thomas Kathrecke . • • . • 00 . 00 . 06 

John Lewis for lands in the possession of David 

William . . . . . 00 . 00 . 06 

Gronow LleweUn for lands called Bhywr gwisfa . 00 . 00 . 06 

PABCELLMAWB. 

John Rogers for lands in the possession of Thomas 

John • . . • . . 00 . 00 . 08 

Bossy Mansell Esq' for Lletty 'r dra in the hands 

of David Morgan and Bees Thomas . • 00 . 00 . 03 

The heires of Thomas Mathew for lands called 

Pant y ffa in the hands of Mauld Hopkins . 00 . 00 . 08 

Morgan David for lands in the possession of John 

Rowland and David Beavan . • . 00 . 00 . 02 

Bussy Mansell Esq' for Blaen yr Olchfa in the 

hands of David Jenkin Richard . • 00 . 00 . 04 

The heires of David Williams for Keven myddvay 

in the hands of Mathew Howell • . 00 . 00 . 02 

John Rogers for Ty mawr . • • 00 . 00 . 01 

The heires of David Williams for lands in the pos- 
session of Rees William Bowen • . 00 . 00 . 04 

Maidd the relict of Thomas David Thomas • 00 . 00 . 07 

Evan ap Evan Powell . • • . 00 . 00 . OI 

Morgan John Thomas for lands in the hands of 

Thomas John Thomas • « . . 00 . 00 . 01 

Henry Robert for lands in the possession of Ri- • 

chard Anthony called Bulch pant y ffa • 00 . 00 . 06 

Thomas John of Maistir . . • . 00 . 00 . 02 

Mr. W°^. Evans for lands in the posses- 
sion of Thomas Bowen 



LORDSHIP OF GOW£R. 1 

PARCELL PENTHERRY. 

William Frichard for lands in the possession of lu 8. d, 
Morgan Lewis . . • . 00 . oo . 07 

The same William Frichard for lands in the pos- 
session of Richard David • . • 00 . 00 . 06 

ENQLISHERT WITHIN LANQUICKE. 

M' William Awbrey for lands called Ynis parcell 00 . 00 . 07 
Bichard Griffith William for lands at Killmangwin 

beinge the lands of M'^ Walter Thomas • 00 . 00 . 07 

David Morgan for a tenem^ at Killmangwin • 00 . 01 • 02 
Maud Jenkins for the lands of M' Morgan Aw- 

brey's heires . . . . . 00 . 00 . 07 



Sume 00. 12 .00 

L UQHO URS PARISET. 

Bichard Davids for lands at Bevexey sometimes 

called Tir y don . • . . 00 . 01 . 00 

S' Edward Thomas Barro^ for lands at Bevexey 

in the hands of Bees Meyricke • • . 00 . 00 . 06 

The same S' Edward for lands late in the hands of 

Hopkin Fenry . , . . • 00 . 00 . 06 

The same S' Edward for the demeaznes of AUtwen 

in the hands of Tho. Llewelin . • . 00 . 13 . 04 

Thomas Llewelin for lands called Brin mawr late 

Hugh Frythereh . • . • 00 . 00 . lO 

Griffith Bennett & Thomas Frees p . 00 . 04 . 05 

William Williams of Fen y vode . . . 00 . 04 . 02 

Fhilipp Williams . • . . 00 . 02 . 00 

David Williams for his tenem^ called Klyn 

Gongur . . . . • 00 . 00 . 06 

David Williams for lands heretofore held by 

David Morgan Thomas & Fhe Dd Lloyd . 00 . 00 . 04 

Boger Seys for Kae newidd in the hands of John 

Griffith • • . . • • 00 . 00 . 04 

Bichard David for lands in the possession of John 

Hamon at Berthloyd . . • . 00 . 00 . 09 



8 LORDSHIF OF QOWER. 

John David for lands late Henry Ffranklen at li. 8, d. 
Berthloyd . . . . . 00 . oi . oo 



oi . 09 . o8 



The yearely rent payable from the Bur rough of 

Loughour to be collected by the Portreeve, is . 05 . 08 . 00 

LANRIDIAN'S PARISH. 

David Robert Hopkins for S fourth partes of lands 
enioyed by M^ Charles Bowen, and the heires 
of Evan David Bobert for the residue, the 
whole beinge . • . . . 00 . 00 . 04^ 

The heires of Edward Lloyd for lands near Wim- 

lott in the hands of Marg" Whityeard . 00 . 00 . 05 

Morgan Robert and John Thomas for lands called 

Cwm y newir . . . . . 00 . 02 . 06 

Rowland Bennett for lands near Kellyheer . 00 . 00 . 08 

John Williams for lands near Berth y newir in the 

hands of Hugh John . . . . 00 . 00 . 03 

Ffrancis John and Owen John for a meadow called 

Gwain Gawrda in the hands of William John . 00 . 00 . 03 

Henry Bowen Esq' for lands in the hands of 

Jenkin Hopkin near Tir cogh . • . 00 . 00 . 02 

John Lyson for lands there . . • 00 . 00 . 02 

Henry Fleminge for certain lands near Wimlott . 00 . 00 . 02 

Rowland Bennett for lands late in the possession 

of Griffith Eatton . . . . 00 . 00 . 01 



Suma . 07 . 03 . o8| 



SWANZET PARISH. 

The heires of John Dodington Esq' for lands in 

the possession of Jenkin Hopkin in Goytre . 00 . 01 . 00 

Richard David for lands at Divernant in the hands 

of John David John W Jenkin . . 00 . 00 . 01 

Thomas William Jenkin . . . . 00 . 00 . 02 



LORDSHIP OF GOWER. 9 

Simon Jones for lands at a place called Lla- It, s. d. 

lierch . . . . . oo . CX) . 02 

Thomas Evan Bennett for lands at a place called 

Goytre . . . . . . oo . cx) . 03 

Eichard David for Curgenith . . . 00 . 00 . 04 

David John David Morgan for a place called 

Brinkenol in Sketty • . . . 00 . 00 . 02 

The heires of Owen George and Jenkin Hopkin 

for lands in the right of theire wives near Sketty OO . 00 . 03 
Caleb Prytherch for lands near Ceven coyd . 00 . 00 . 07 

John Morgan • • . • . 00 . 00 . 02 

William John Morgan for lands near Llanerch . 00 . 00 . 03 
The heires of M' John Doddington for lands near 

Rheed y devaid . . . • 00 . 02 . 00 

The heires of M' Doddington for New mill . 00 . 00 . 08 

The same heires for lands in the possession of 

Boger John Bichard . ' . . . 00 . 01 . 00 

David Bobert for lands near Curgenith . . 00 . 00 . 04 

Bichard David for lands in the hands of John 

Griffith . . . . . . 00 , 00 . 02 J 

The heires of M' John Dodiugton for lands in the 

hands of David Thomas Bosser • . 00 . 02 . 04 

The same heires for lands late in the tenure of 

John William Howell . . . . 00 . 00 . 02 

The same heires for lands late in the hands of 

William Jenkin . . . . 00 . 00 . 02 

John Woodri£fe for lands called Ystrad lawenna . 00 . 01 . 00 
Gwenllian the Belict of John William Taylo' . 00 . 00 . 02 
Mayzod Price for the Goytre . . . 00 . 00 . 08 

M' John Bowen for Cwm lloyd . . . 00 . 00 . 1 1 

The same John Bowen for lands att Lannerch • 00 . 02 . 00 
llie heires of Bichard Symond . . • 00 . 00 . 09 

Patricke Jones for lands in the hands of Boger 

John Bowen . . - • . 00 . 00 . 03 

Bichard David for lands in the hands of W" John 

and John William near the Cockett • . 00 . 00 . 02 

Bobert William Bosser for lands near the Weeg . 00 . 00 . 01 
The same Bobert William Bosser . . 00 . 00 . oo| 

c 



10 LORDSHIP OF GOWBR. 

Bichard David for lands at Llannerch in the hands lu s. 

of Hopkin William . . • . oo . oo . 03 

The heires of M** John Dodington for lands in the 

hands of Jennett Hopkin . . . 00 . 00 . 03 

The heires of the said Mr Dodington for lands in 

the possession of David ap David . . 00 . 01 . 00 

The same heires for lands in the possession of the 

relict of William Bowen • . . 00 . 00 . 03 

Henry Morgan for lands in Cockett . . 00 . 00 . 02 

Jennett the relict of Jenkin John Longe • . 00 . 01 . 00 

Kichard Thomas of the Goytre . . . 00 . 00 . 01 

Cap* John Thomas^ John Robert & Edward Robert 

Morrice for lands called Cwm burla • . 00 . 01 . 00 

Simon Jones for Sketty . . . . 00 . 00 . 1 1 

David Richard for lands called Cargenidd issa . 00 . 00 . 01 
Morgan John Thomas . . . . 00 . 00 . 05 

Rees Thomas . . . . . 00 . 00 . 02 

Thomas Bowen for a tenem* of lands near the 

Weige . . . . . . 00 . 00 . 04 

Morgan Dauid for Tir c6ch . . . 00 . 01 . 00 

Mathew Richard for Llwyn mawr • . 00 . 01 . 00 

William John Richard • . . . 00 . 00 . 1 1 

The heires of M*" John Dodington for lands near 

Llanerch in the hands of David Ho^^ . . 00 . 02 . 00 

The heires of Thomas Mathews for lands near 

Curgenith in the bands of Joan Jenkin . 00 . OO . 02 

Jenkin Richard for lands of M' Dodington near 

Sketty . . . . • • 00 . 00 . 09 

David Williams of Kevencoyd . . . 00 . 00 . 04 

The lands of the heires of John Thomas in the 

possession of Roger Jones of Kevencoyd • 00 . 00 . 02| 

John Daniell for certain lands formerly held by 

Thomas Rees & John ap Evan • 
M' Walter Thomas houldeth certain lands near 

Brin mill called Cae vagy extra ffranchize 
M' Walter Thomas for lands at or near the Weege 
Dauid Thomas Glover for lands near Tyle'r brayn 



LORDSHIP OF GOWER. 11 

LANDILOTALYBONT. li. s. d. 

Mr Walter Lloyd for Pryskedwin . . CXD . oo , 07 

The same Walter for Hendrevedlen » • 00 . cx> . 04 

The same Walter for Tir ellin . . . cx) . 00 . 04 

Thomas Llewelin for lands of M" Price called 

Llwyn adam • . . . . 00 . 02 . 08 

The wife of Thomas Williams for a parcell of 

lands of Dauid Jenkin called Llwyn court • oo'. 00 . ot 
Francis Edward for a Croft of land of M' William 

Evans » . . . . .00.00.02 

Thomas ap Evan for the lands late of Anthony 

Mathewes . . . • .00.00.02 

William Dauid for a parcell of ground called 

Ynisletty . . . . . 00 . 00 . 03 

William Penry for Gwinlais . . . 00 . 01 . 00 

The same William for lands in Ynis loughour in 

the hands of Dauid Hugh • . . 00 . 00 . 04 

The same William for a mill called Melin 

Uy w • . . . • . 00 • do . 04 

Thomas Morgan for the lands of the said William 

called Pandy bach . . . . 00 . 00 . 04 

Jennett Hopkin for the lands of the said William 

called Glyn Uoughour . . . . 00 . 00 . 04 

William Thomas for lands late the said William 

Penry's . . . . . . 00 . 00 . 04 

Griffith Howell for the lands of the said William 

called Bryntellich . • . . 00 . 00 . 04 

Thomas William Dauid Howell for the lands of 

the said William . . • . 00 . 00 . 06 

Owen ap Evan for lands of the said William by 

Melin Uyw . . . • . 00 . 00 . 04 

Kichard Kobert for Tir y gofe beinge the late lands 

of Henry Jones . . . . 00 . 00 . 04 

Bees ap Jenkin for a tenem^ of lands of the said 

Henry Jones . • . » . 00 . 00 . 04 

William Hopkin for the late lands of the said 

Henry . . . . . .00.00.02 



12 LORDSHIP OF GOWER. 

John Morgan for the late lands of the said Henry It. 8. d. 

called Tyr kennoU . . ; . oo . cx) . 04 

Danid Morgan William for the lands of William 

Perry called AUt y graban . . . CX) . cx> . 04 

John Walter for the lands of S' Edward Mansell 

called Llandremore • . . . CX) . 01 . 00 

The same John Walter for a parcell of lands called 

Tir edward . . . . . 00 . 00 . 08 

Morgan William for a parcell of the same called 

y Gellywen . . . . . cx) . 00 . 02 

Walter Lloyd for Talliarin lloyd . . 00 . cx) . 02 

William Thomas Hopkin Tal y van . . cx> . 00 . 04 

The wife of Oliver Lloyd for Ffoes yr efel . cx) . 00 . 06 

William Thomas Smith for the lands of Bussy 

Mansell Esq' called Penybont . . . 00 . CX) . 04 

Jennett Hopkin for another tenem* of lands of the 

said M' Mansell called Kae *r cerrig . . 00 . 00 . 04 

William Lloyd for Tir alt yago . . . 00 . 01 . 00 

William Dauid for Glyn hir . . . 00 . cx) . 09 

David Hugh for Tir y wern . . . 00 . 00 . 03 

John Hugh for Hendrewen . . . 00 . 00 . 04 

Dauid Griffith for the late lands of Robert Morgan cx) . 00 . 04 
Gwenllean John for lands late Robert Morgans . 00 . 00 . 04 
The wife of William Howell for Pant y ffa . 00 . 00 . 04 

Edward Robert for the late lands of Robert Giles 00 . 00 . 04 
William Morgan for parte of the same lands called 

Abergwilnes . . . • . 00 . 00 . 08 

Griffith Morgan Morrice for parte of the same 

lands called Gwain Hen wen . . . 00 . 00 . 02 

William John Robert for a parcell of land of Mr 

William Evans • . . . . 00 . 00 . 04 

The wife of Dauid Lewis for another parcell of the 

same lands . . . ' . . 00 . 00 . 04 

Thomas John Thomas Rees for Cae'r pistill . 00 . 00 . 04 

William John the elder for Bolgod ycha . . 00 . 00 . 08 

Dauid Phillipp for the lands of M"^ Edward Man- 
sell at Llandremore • . . . 00 . 01 . 00 
John ap Evan for a tenem^ of lands of Thomas ap 

Thomas called Allt y graben vach . . 00 . 00 . 01 



LORDSHIP OF GOWER. 13 

% 

LLANGENYTH. «. 8. d. 

Samuell Mathewes for certain lands at Eurry*s 

head in the hands of Nicholas Sussex . . oo . 13 . 04 

The same for another tenem* called Culmes . 00 . 06 . 08 

The heires of Henry ManselL Esq' for lands called 

Tamkey lake . . . . • . 00 . cx) . 02 

The same heires for certain lands at Burry's head 

in the hands of RoV Batcocke . . . cx> . 13 . 04 

There is another parcell of land and an house 
thereon formerly the lands of one Robert Smith 
who Bould the same to some of the former Lords 
now in the possession of Nicholas Ball^ the 
free rent is . . * . . . 00 . 06 . 08 

KNOYLSTON. 

George Eynon for a tenem* called BristoU . 60 . 01 . cx). 

LANBBWY. 

George Bach for a tenem* late the lands of John 

Grove . . . . . . 00 . 00 . 02J 

Thomas Lucas for a tenem^ at Newton late the 

lands of Henry Price . . . . 00 . CX) . 02 

The heires of M' John Dodington for lands at 

Scurlag in the hands of Morgan Yaughan . 00 . 00 . 05 

PENNARD. 

M' John Bowen for Hunts . . . . 00 . 06 . 08 

Bussy Mansell Esq' for lands late in the hands of 

W" Watkin called Heales . . . 00 . OO . 08 

The same M' Mansell for lands in the hands of 

Richard Watkin called ManselFs lands • 00 . 00 . 04 

Robert Ffranklen . • • . 00 . 00 . 04 

The said M' Mansell for lands that Nicolas Donne 

houldeth near Wydiatt . . . 00 . 00 . 04 

John Bydder for a tenem* and lands . . 00 . 00 • 02 

Robert Bydder for a house and lands called 

Highway . - . . • . 00 . 00 . 04 



14 , LORDSHIP OF GOWBR, 

Henry Gamon • . . . . oo . 01 . o6i 

John Bydder for lands late Hugh Griffith's . cx) . oo . 03 

ILSTON. 

John Price Esq' . • . • . 00 . 02 . 08 

The same John Price for Ffairwood . . 00 . 00 . 04 

Hopkin Bowen • • • . • 00 . 00 . 09 

Bichard Bowen & Thomas Bowen for the lands of 

M' Dodington . . . . . 00 . 02 . 00 

The said Bichard & Thomas for theire own lands 00 . 00 . 04 
Owen Knayth for the lands of M' Dodington . 00 . Oi . 08 
The same Owen Knayth for his own lands . 00 . 01 . 04 

William Daniell for the lands of M' Dodington . 00 . 01 . 08 
George Lucas for a tenem* called Montes on the 

hills • . . . . . 00 . 00 . 01 

BISHOPSTON PARISH. 

Henry Gamon for lands in the hands of Rowland 

Bedow . . . . . . 00 . 00 . 07 

Bichard David for lands at Wern U&th in the 

hands of Bowland Bedow . . . 00 . OO . 03 

The same Bichard Dauid for lands there in the 

hands of Thomas Bees . . . . 00 . 01 . 03 

Thomas Bees for a parcell of lands near Wern U&th 

called Bryn coch . . . . 00 . 06J. 08 

Walter Thomas Esq' for Cradocke moor . . 00 . 03 . 00 

John Hopkin of Backinstone for lands late Henry 

Gamon's . . . . . 00 . 00 . 03 



01 . 13 . loi 



Sume totall t)f the Ffree Bents of Gower 
' Anglica as yet discovered • • 13 . 18 . 03 



Besides 30^. yd. \ payd out of other 

Manno" thereto as appeares afterwards or . 10 . 07^ 



JLORDSHIF OF GOWER. 15' 



THESE MANNQKs LO^^s & BARONYES 
are presented by the Jury of Survay to be held 

OF THE SEIGNORY OF GOWER. 

S'' Edward Mansell houldeth of the said Seignory lu a. d. 
the Mannor of Oxwich by the service of one 
whole kn^'* fee. 

The same S^ Edward houldeth thereof the Mannor 
of Penrice of which the Mannor of Horton is 
held by one halfe a knight's ffee 

The same S*" Edward houldeth thereof the Mannor 
of Porteynon by one knight's ffee of which the 
Mannor of Pitton ais Pilton is held by one 
knight's ffee ..... 

The Mannor of Westown is held of the said 
Seignory by one knight's ffee • 

The Mannor of Stembridge by one halfe a knight's 
nee •••••• 

The Mannor of Lleyn y bouch & Scurlage Castle 
held by halfe a knight's ffee 

The Mannor of Walterston & Kelly lybion parte 
of the late dissolved Monastery of Neath & 
held of the said Seignory by one knight's ffee . 

The Mannor of Paviland parcell of the said Monas- 
tery held by one knight's ffee . 

The Hospitall of Swanzey held by suite of court 
leec • • . • • . 

The Mannor of Nicholaston held by S' Edward 
Mansell of the said Seignory by one knight's 
nee •••.•• 

The Mannor or Barony of Brinavell & Ilston 
held of the said Seignory by one knight's ffee . 

The Barony of Sketty is held by one knight's ffee 

The Mannor of Penmain held by Richard Dauids 
by halfe a knight's fee . 



16 LORDSHIP OF GOWEB. 

The Manner of Reynoldston held by the heires li. s. d. 
of the late Earle of Fembrooke by one knight's 
nee •••••• 

Halfe the Mannor of Wibbley held by the said 
heires by halfe a knight's ffee . 

The Mannor of Hentlis held by the heires of 
Henry Mansell Esq' by one knight's ffee 

The Mannor of Knbylston held by S' Edward 
Thomas Baron^^ by one knight's ffee 

The Mannor of Kilvrough held by George Bowen 
& Rowland Dawkins Esq" by one knight's ffee 

The Mannor of Yernhill held by the heires of 
Morgan Yaughan, Owen Perkins and Richard 
Bydder by one knight's fee, and six swallow 
tayled arrowes yearely or vj rf. . . . oo . oo . 06 

Severall parcells of land at Filton by the service 
of the fourth parte of a knight's fee and six 
swallow tayled arrowes yearely or vjrf. . . 00 . 00 . 06 

The Mannor of Landimore & Rosilly held by the 
heires of the late Earle of Fembrooke by one 
kn^'" ffee, a p' of golden spurres or rx«. p 
annu . . . . . . OI . 00 . 00 

Halfe Wibbley held by the said heires by halfe a 

kn*'' ffee and the yearely rent of viij«. vijrf. \ . 00 . 08 . 07I 

Cogerwerne held by the said heires of halfe a 

kn*'* ffee and the yearely rent of j«. . . 00 . 01 • 00 

The Mannor of Leiceston held of the said Seign- 
ory by one kn** ffee .... 

A parcell of meadow ground lyeinge at a place 
called Wernll&th in the parish of Bishopston 
held by Robert Wibborne in Grand Sergeanty 
and is to pay a bow and an holbeart 

Ten acres of land within Wernll&th held by 
George Mathews by like tenure and a bow 

The Mannor of East town or Friors town of 
Langenith now in the possession of AH Souls 
Colledge in Oxon formerly held by the service 
of one kn^' ffee ..... 



LORDSHIP OP GOWER. 17 

Moortown & Bishopton held by Theobald Mathew U. 8, d. 
ex concessione nup Epi Landavefi by one kn^' 
nee ■••••• 

Landilotalybont held by John Price Gent, by the 
service of one kn**' ffee • . . . 

Millwood sometime parte of the dissolved Monas- 
tery of S* Jones of Jerusalem in England held 
by one kn**".ffee by Bussy Mansell Esq' 

Lanmadocke held by S' John Awbrey by the ser- 
vice of one kn*'* ffee .... 

Lanridian held by the heires of the late Earle of 
Fembrooke by one kn*'" flfee 



There are noe Copyhould or Customary Tenements 

within this Lordshipp. 

The Freehoulders pay noe relieffe but every such tenant dye- 
inge uppon his freehould or alieninge the same wholly^ is 
accustomed to pay the best beast and in default thereof v«. 
And if he hould severall lands of severall Lo^^' then to pay in 
every manno' v«. 

The Tenants of the said Manno' claime comon sans number 
with aU kind of cattle in these waste grounds followinge vizt. 
Kosilley down, Keven brynn. Broad moor, Ryery down, Graig 
vawr, and alsoe the fforest of Ffairwood, for which they pay 
xxtf. p annu to the Lord, and alsoe Kevendrim, Twarcheyre, 
Mynnd y bulch, Blaen Uyw, Penka'er Castle, Mynydd y 
GeUyonnen, Lletty'r cryd, Blaen nant moyl, Mynydd y Garne 
goch, Gorse y coed, Gorse Uawenna, Brynne duyon, Brynn 
Canathen, Llan y more, Mynydd llaen olchva, Mynydd gwair, 
Gelly wasted, Mynydd Uynmorva mawr, Mynydd bach and 
Cwm ddylais, Graig vawr, the mountain called Graig Lwyd ; 
And likewise the tenants claime to intercomon in all Comons 
of the Manno" which are members of the said Seignory. 

The said tenants likewise claime to be free from toll and 
custome in the ffaires of Swanzey and Loughour* 

D 



18 LORDSHIP OF OOWBR. 

There belongs to the Lord of the said Manno' all the usuall 
royalties as wreckes of the sea, felons-goods^ waifes, estrayes, 
treasure trove &c., and toll of the faires and marketts of 
Swanzey and Loughour^ customes of exportaton, kellage and 
anchorage, two Court Leets every yeare, and a Court Baron 
every 3 weekes, alsoe a certain toll or custome called toll pixy 
to be assessed upon buyers sellers & traffiquers by four or six 
men within the severall divisions thereof yearely, xxv«. viijc/. 
on the western side of the Fill, xxiij«. iiijd. on the eastern 
side, to be collected by the Bayliffes yearely. 

There hath been aid payd by the tenants of the said Manno' to 
the Lord for to make his eldest Sonne a knight and to marry 
his eldest Daughter vizt. in Gower Anglica xxvij/t. xvs. yijd. 
and in Loughour Burgus iiij/». viij«. xd. ; and likewise certajn 
mises at the death of the Chieffe Lord vizt in Gower Anglica 
xxvj/f. xiijtf. iiijcf. and in Loughour aforesaid vj7f. xiijs. 



The Town of Swanzey and the Libertyes thereof 

beinge a member of the said Seignory. 

Leasehoulders & Tenants att will. 

BenU dt Mathew Davyes ContenU VdL pr. 

Sercicet of acret, annum, 

reierved. j^^ Ancient decayed Buildinge called the a. r. li. «. d. 
new Castle beinge in the Town of Swanzey 
vat p annii . • . . . 00 . O 02 . 10 . CX) 

Red. Which pmisses the tenant houlds 

J ^*P' by lease from my L^. Gefiall dated 

20** Junij 1649 for the tearme of 

99 yeares determineable uppon 

3 lives vizt. Mathew Dauids y« 

younger aged about 10 yeares 

Mary Dauids and Martha Dauids 

the children of the tenant under 

the yearely rent of xls. p annii att 

Annufi and Mich. 2 cap. i^ Jan. 

and \8. in liew of an herryott. 



LORDSHIP OF GOWER. 19 

f<^«* Walter Thom« Esq'. ^cuenu Valr- 

reserved, m i«^.i •• «... . , of acres, annum, 

Iwo little gardens adioinemge to the house 

of the said Walter called the old Castle a. r. K s. d. 

Gardens . . . .00.001.00.00 

Bed. joLM, Which premisses the tenant houlds 

at will. 

Co". Phillip Jones Esq'. 

A Manson house and garden beinge in the 
high street in Swanzey and adioyneinge to 
the new dwellinge house of the said Co^. 
Jones vat xl«. p annu . . 00 . O 02 , 00 . 00 

Ked. xl«. Which pmisses the tenant houlds 

of the Lord Generall. 

Cap^ John Thomas 

A piece of ruinous buildinge called the old 
Castle and a little Cottage adioineinge yai 
p annu . . . . • 00. 00. 10.00 

Which ^misses the tenant houlds 
by lease from the Earle of Worfi 
dat. I4<> Ffbr. 1648 for the tearme 
of xxi^* yearcs from the date. 

Morgan Thomas 

A little cottage at a place called GreenhiU . 00 . 00 . 03 . 04 
Bed. Which ^misses the tenant houlds 

iy». iUi^'- at will. 

Thomas David 

A Manson house beinge in Swanzey in a 
street called Castle Bayly with a yeard and 
outhousinge hereto belonginge called the 
Receaver's house vai iiij/t. p annu • • 00 • O 04 . 00 . 00 

A parcell of pasture ground called Haber- 
gins acre lyeinge near the said town and 
abuttinge upon the hill called Craig loyd 



Bed. vf . 



90 LORDSHIP OF GOWBR. 

JUnti d on the north and the lands of William Her- a. r. It. s. d. 
reserved. ^^^^ ^^^^ ^^ ^^^ ^^^^ '^^^ P annu xiijtf. iiijc?. OI . O 00. 13 . 04 

Worth tt 2 acres . 00 . o 01 . 00 . 00 

A parcell of meadow ground lyeinge at S^ 
Helens abuttinge uppon Swanzey marsh on 
the south and the lands of Elizabeth Afiter 
on the east vat v*. . . . . 01 . o 00 . 05 . 00 

Bed. Which pmisses the tenanthouldsby 

graunt from John Bowen one of the 
officers of the L*^ Gnral Cromwell 
dat. 15® Jan. 1649 for xxi*** yeares 
from Mich'as before the date under 
the yearely rent of $1%. at May day 
and Mich'as . « . 02 .0 04. 18 . 00 

Coll. ptuiip Jones 

A close of pasture or meadow ground called 
the Orchard lyeinge near unto the high 
street of Swanzey inclosed with about an 
acre of the ffreehould of William Herbert 
Esq' vat. xiij*. iiijrf. p acre . . 05 . 03 . 06 . 08 

Red.iij/t. Which Smisscs the tenant houlds 

vjf.vujd. 

at will. 

Margery Hopkins 

A garden plott lyeinge at the east end of 
the Church yeard of the said town vat ys. 
p annu . • • • . 00 . o 00 • 05 • 00 

Bed. Which dmisses the tenant houlds 

• • • • A 

^^*' ^^ ' from the Earle of Worcester dat. 

2® Ffebr. 165 1 for three lives yet 
in beinge vizt. the said Margery 
and Symon and Catherine her 
children. 

William Thomas Esqr 
late S' Anthony Mansell Kn^ 

Three water grist Mills adioineinge to the 



LOBDSHIP OF GOWER. dl 

Rente <e Town of Swanzey called the Brynn mills a. r. It. 8. d. 
^Zervtd. ^^^ ^^ benefitt of the Passage Boat there 

vai at 6dl%. p annii . • • «oo.o6o.oo.oo 

Bed: Wi. Wii\c\i gmisses the said William 

Thomas now houlds in right of 
some of the children of S' Anthony 
Mansell Kn^ deceased to whome a 
lease for xxj**® yeares (not yet ex- 
pired) is affirmed to be made, but 
none produced. 



Free rents payable for several Burgages in the said Town 

as followes vizt. 

Burgaget. Renti. 

a OAT STREET. It. 8. d. 

William Watkins . . . . OI . o oo . OI . OO 

Phillipp Mathew . • . . Oi ,0 oo . oi .OO 

Griffith Jones . . . . oi . o OO . oi . oo 

William Herbert Esq' . . . oi . o oo . oi . OO 

John Williams . . . . oi . o 00 . OO . o6 

John Morgan p John Richard Robert his 

tenant . . . . • oi .O 00. 00.06 

Mathew Williams . . . 00 J .0 00 . 00 . 06 

Robert Donnell p Owen Donnell his tenant OI^ . o 00 . 01 . 06 
Walter Thomas Esq*^ p John Griffith his 

tenant ..... ooj . O 00 . OO . 03 
William Herbert Esq"^ for the Vicar's 

garden . . . . .OO.00O.OO.06 

William John Williams . . . 01 • O 00 . 01 . 00 

Edward Mansell Gent. . • . 03 . o 00 . 03 . 00 

Phillipp Jones Esq^^ p uxor his tenant . 01^ . o 00 . 01 . 03 

George Lucas p Thomas Jones his tenant, ooj .0 00 . 00 . 09 
Phillipp Jones Esq' p John Granford his 

tenant . . . . . 00 . o 00 . 01 . 00 

Thomas John Williams . . 01 . o 00 . 01 • 00 

M' Mathew Ffranklen p Dauid Rogers 

his tenant .... ooj^ .0 00 . 00 . 06 



S2 LORDSHIP OF GOWEB. 

Morgan Hopkin clerke p Jenkin Thomas Burgages. U. $. d. 

his tenant .... ooj^ . o (X^ . oo . 06 
William Herbert Esq' p Mathew Penry 

his tenant .... ooi^ .0 00 . 00 . 06 
M'^ Mathew Ffranklen p M' Roger Seys 

his tenant .... CX) J .0 00 . 00 . 06 

William Mathew (churchland) . . cx)J .0 cx) . 00 . 09 

ABOVE THE GATE. 

William Herbert Esq' p John Hamon his 

tenant ..... oo| .0 00 . 00 . 03 
The said M' Herbert p Jonathan Mayn 

his tenant .... ooj- . O 00 . 00 . 06 

The said M' Herbert p Morgan Howell 

his tenant .... 00^ . O 00 . 00 . 06 

The said M' Herbert p Dauid Thomas 

Harry his tenant . • . QO^ .0 00 . 00 . 06 

Joan Williams p FhiUipp Rosse her tenant 01 .0 00 . 01 . 00 
William Herbert Esq' p uxor Kathericke 

Owen his tenant • . . Oi . o 00 . Oi . 00 

Thomas William Bowen • . . 01 . o 00 . 01 . 00 

M' John Daniell p Hopkin Rees his tenant. 01 .0 00 . 01 . 00 
The said John Daniell p Walter Thomas 

his tenant . . • . 01 . o 00 . Oi . 00 

The said John Daniell . . . 01 . o 00 . 01 . 00 

John Rowland p vxor John Morgan his 

tenant ..... oof .0 00 . 00 . 09 
The said John Rowland p Rowland Rees 

his tenant .... 00} .0 00. 00 , 06 

Rees Woodwall p Jonathan Mayn his 

tenant . . . . . 01 . o 00 . 01 . 00 

David Thomas Glover . . . ooj^ .0 00 . 00 . 06 

William Herbert Esq' p Dauid Thomas 

his tenant .... oo^ .0 00 . 00 . 03 

The said M' Herbert p Jonathan Mayn his 

tenant . * . . . . ooj .0 00 . 00 . 03 

The said M'. Herbert p the same tenant 

and a parcell of land . . . oof .0 00 . 00 . 09 



LOEDSHIP OF GOWBB. 28 

THE EAST SIDE. K. s. d. 

Walter WDliams p John Bynon his tenant Burgages, 

a close of ground . • . Oi . o 00 . Qi . CX> 

Dauid Thomas Glover p Jonathan Mayn 

his tenant . . . . Ol^ . o 00. Oi .06 

M' John Bennett and Thomas Ffranklen . oi^ . O 00 . 01 . 06 
M' Symons and his mother . . 01 . O 00 . 01 . 00 

Walter Thomas Esq^ p Leyson Symond 

his tenant .... 00^ .0 00 . 00 . 06 

The said M'^ Thomas p William Pugh his 

tenant ..... 00^ .0 00 . 00 . 06 
The said M^ Thomas p Walter Hopkins 

his tenant . • . . oi . o 00 . oi . 00 

Walter Williams p John Bjmon and John 

Harry his tenants . . . OI . o 00 . Oi . 00 

Bichard Seys £sq>^ p John Phillips his 

tenant • • • . . 01 . o OO . oi . OO 

John Robert p Maud Roberts his tenant .00 . o 00 . 00 . 04 
John Harry .... OO^ .0 00 . 00 . 06 

The heires of John Thomas p Thomas 

Hopkin his tenant • . . 01 . o 00 . 01 . OO 

THE EAST SIDE WITHIN THE GATE. 

"M.^ Richard Seys for his Burgages sudvjd. 

for the pale before his doore . • 03I . o 00 . 04 . 03 

Edward Bowen . . . . 01 . o 00 . 01 . 00 
M' Mathew Ffranklen p uxor Mathew 

Bennett his tenant • • . 01. o 00. 01. 00 
The heires of John Thomas p M^ Roger 

Williams his tenant . . . oi^ . o 00. 01 . 06 
Phillipp Jones Esq*" . . .OI.OOO.OI.OO 

William Vaughan . . . 01 . o 00 . 01 . 00 

M' Mathew Ffranklen Church land .oi^.o 00. 01. 06 

M' Henry Ffleminge . . . 03 . o 00 . 03 . 00 

CASTLE BAYLY. 

Owen Dauid .... ooj .0 00 . 00 . 06 

John Jenkin Dauid p uxor David Richard 

his tenant .... 00 j^ .0 00 . 00 . 06 



24 LORDSHIP OF 60WER. 

Walter Thomas Esq' p Mathew Williams Burgages U. s. d. 

his tenant .... CX)} .0 oo . CX> . 06 
The same M' Thomas p Owen Bosser his 

tenant ..... ooj .0 00 . 00 . 06 
The same Mr Thomas for his dwellinge- 

house . . . . . 01 . O <X> . 01 . 00 
William Herbert Esq*" for his new garden 

and stable • . • . 00 . O OO . Oi . 03 
The same M"^ Herbert for The Place beinge 

his dwellinge house and orchard .00 . OO . 02 . 00 

The same M^ Herbert for the Limehouse .00 .0 00 . 00 . 10 

The same M' Herbert for Ton's Tower .00 .0 00 . 00 . 06 
Morgan Jones p Robert Watkins his 

tenant ..... ooi .0 00 . 00 . 03 
William Herbert Esq' p Owen Clement 

his tenant .... 00^ .0 00 . 00 . 06 

John Anderson and his mother . . Oi^ . O 00 . 01 . 03 
Henry Watkins and his mother for his 

house . . . . . 00 . O 00 . 00 . 08 
M"^ Patricke Jones p Robert Patricke his 

Sonne ..... 00^ .0 00 . 00 . 06 

M' John Afiler and his mother . . 01 . o 00 . 01 . 00 

Michaell Rees . . . • or . o 00. 01 . 00 

M*^ Mathew Dauid . . . Ol . o 00 Oi . 00 

THE WEST SIDE OF THE MARKETT. 

Hopkin Thomas John p uxor John Leyson 

Jones his tenant . . . OI • o 00 . 01 . 00 

M' John Ffranklen p John Mathewes his 

tenant . . . . . OI . o 00 . 01 . 00 

Alice Davyds p Thomas Williams her 

tenant ..... OI^.O 00.OI.o6 
William Herbert Esqr p Robert Daniell 

his tenant . • . . OI . o 00 . 01 . 00 

William Gronow for his house • . 00 . 00 . 00 . 02 

WIND STREET, THE EAST SIDE 

Thomas Llewelin . . • 01 . o 00 . 01 . 00 



LORDSHIP OF GOWER. 25 

Walter Thomas Esq' p Nicholas Longe Burgages. U, s. d. 

his tenant .... CX)^ . O \(X> . 00 . 06 

The same M' Thomas p uxor William 

Hodge and Phillipp Dauid his tenants .01^.0 oo.oi.o6 
Mathew Jones . • • . 01 . o 00 . 01 . oO 

M^ Bichard Seys p William Granford his 

tenant . • . • . oo^ .0 . 00 • 00 • 06 

The said M' Seys p Thomas Demond his 

tenant . • • • . 00^ .0 . 00 . 00 . 06 

M' Dauid Jones p Thomas Martin and 

Robert Ffishly his tenants . .01 • O . 00 . 01 . 00 

Thomas Leyson p Walter Payne his tenant, ooi .0 00 • 00 . 06 
Walter Thomas Esq"" p Walter Payne his 

tenant . • . • . oo^ .0 00 • 00 . 06 

The said M' Thomas p Dauid Phillipp his 

tenant . • • . . oo^ • o 00 . 00 . 06 

The said M' Thomas p John Thomas his 

tenant . • . • • 00^ .0 00 . 00 . 06 

The same M' Thomas p John Dyricke his 

tenant for the Storehouse • . 00 . 00 . 01 . 06 

■ 

M' Mathew Ffranklen . . . oii . o 00 . 01 . 06 

The same Mathew Ffranklen 2 halfe 

Burgages • • . . 01 .O 00. 01 .00 

Alice Dayyes p Christopher Hamon her 

tenant . . • • . oof .0 00 . 00 . 09 

Walter Thomas Esq' p Thomas Williams 

his tenant • . . • 00^ .0 00 . 00 . 06 

John Harry Robert . . . 01 . 00 . 01 . 00 

William Herbert Esq' p John Harry his 

tenant for a Garden . . . 00 . o 00 . 00 . 10 

The Comon Atturneys of the towne of 

Swansey . . . . 00 . 00 . 00 . 08 

Dauid Phillipps • • . . 00^ .0 00 . 00 . 06 

Alice Dauids p George Williams and 

Morgan Thomas her tenants . • 00^ .0 00 . 00 . 06 

WIND STREET, THE WEST SIDE. 

William Herbert Esq' p Mathew Sprott 

his tenant .... oof .0 00 . 00 . 09 

E 



26 LORDSHIP OP GOWEB. 

M' Richard Seys p Hopkin ap Evan his Burgagee, U. 3. d. 

tenant * . • • . cx)^ .0 00 . 00 . 06 

William Thomas Esq' p John Bryant his 

tenant • • . . . 00^ .0 00 . 00 . 06 

The same p Mr William Bayly his tenant. 00^ .0 00 . 00 . 06 
Anne Prous p Christopher Witchell her 

tenant • • • • . 00 • o 00 . oi . 00 

Mary Dauid p yxor Thomas Dauid her 

tenant • • • • . 00} .0 00 . 00 . 06 

Walter Thomas Esq*" p Eichard Reed his 

tenant . . • . . 00^ .0 00 • Oo . 06 

M*" Hopkin Thomas p Anthony Smart his 

tenant . • • • Oi^ .0 00 .01 . 06 

The same p yxor Owen Dauid his tenant .01 .0 00 . 01 . 00 
William Herbert Esq' p vxor Owen Price 

his tenant . • • .Oi|.o 00.01.06 

Walter Thomas Esq' p James Mathew his 

tenant . . • . . . ooj .0 00 . 00 , 06 

Richard Bydder p Thomas Phillipps his 

tenant • . • . • . 00^ • o 00 . 00 . 06 

William Herbert Esq' p Robert Griffith 

his tenant .... 00^ ,0 00 . OO . 06 

Mathew Edwards p Anne Smith his tenant. 00^ .0 00 . 00 . 06 
George Thomas • • • . 01 . o 00 . 01 . 00 

M' Mathew Ffranklen p John Hughes his . 

tenant • • • > • 00^ .0 00 . 00 . 06 

William Gronow • . . . ooi .0 00 . 00 . 06 

M' Lewis Jones • • • . . 01 . o 00 . 01 . 00 

FFYSHER STREET. 

W™ Herbert and Bussy Mansell Esq" for 

a close of ground • • • 00 . o 00 . 02 . 06 
M' Robert Gamon . • . 01 . o 00 . 01 . 00 
M' Richard Seys p Katherine Harry . 004 .0 00 - 00 . 06 
M*^ Rees Dauid 2 halfe Burgages . .01 .0 00 . 01 • 00 
Walter Thomas Esq' p John Rosser Hop- 
kins his tenant . • • • 01 . o 00 . 01 . 00 
Nicholas Quicke p W*" Dix his tenant .00 .0 00 . 00 , 08 



LOEDSHIP OF O0WBB« 27 

William Herbert Esq*^ p W^ Hopkin his Burgag€$. U. $. d. 

tenant ..... c)oJ . o oo . cx) . 06 
William Thomas Esq^ p Edward Morgan 

his tenant . • • . 00 j^ .0 00 . 00 . 06 

Walter Thomas Esq, p Roger Hopkin his 

tenant . . . • • 01 . o 00 . 01 . 00 

W^ Herbert Esq' p Jenkin Phillipp his 

tenant • . . . . 01 . o 00 : 01 . 00 

Walter Thomas Esq' p Mathew Tones his 

tenant ..... 00}. o 00. 00. 06 
W° Herbert Esq' per John Hugh his 

tenant • . . • . oo^ .0 00 . 00 . 06 

FROQG STREET. 

The heires of Thomas Lloyd p Bobert 

Phillipp theire tenant « . . 01 . o 00 . 01 . 00 

George Griffith church land • . 00} .0 00 . 00 . 06 

William Herbert Esq' p W" Henry his 

tenant ..... 00} .0 00 . 00 . 06 

M' Robert Donnell . . .01^.0 00.01.06 

M' John Bowen • . . . 01 . o 00 . 01 . 00 

Henry John .... 00^ .0 00 . 00 . 03 

WITHOUT THE GATE. 

William Herbert Esq"^ p Margarett Her- 
bert his tenant . • • • 01 • O 00 . 01 . 00 

The same p Hugh Owen his tenant . oo^ .0 00 . 00 . q6 

The same p vxor Rees Watkins his tenant Qo\ .0 00 . 00 . 06 

M' Richard Seys p vxor William Tucker 

his tenant . • • . 00| .0 00 . 00 . 06 

Dauid Jones p Mathew Rosser his tenant . 00^ • o 00 . 00 • 06 

William Herbert Esq' p James Russell his 

tenant . . . . . 01 . o 00 • 01 . 00 

The same p Henry Pickerell his tenant . ool .0 00 . 00 . 06 

CROSSE STREET. 

William Herbert Esq' p John Dauid 

Bevan his tenant . . . oo} .0 00 . 00 . 03 



JS8 LOBDSHIF OF GOWER. 

The Bame p vxor Evan Jeffrey B.ni rxoi Burgagei. li, g. cL 

Sam. Dauid his tenants . . oo| . o oo . CX) . 06 

Dauid Rogers p Cradocke Rogers his 

tenant . . . • . . 01 . o 00 . 01 . 00 

Thomas John William p Thomas Roger 

his tenant « . . . ooi .0 00 . 00 . 06 

Dauid Griffith . . • . oo| .0 00 . 00 . 06 

The same p W™ Llewelin his tenant for 

the Great Stable • . . 00 • o 00 . 01 . 00 

William Herbert Esq' p John Whityeard 

his tenant . • • • 01 . o 00 . 01 . 00 

Margery Hopkins the Lords lands . oo^ .0 00 . 00 . 03 

Dauid Rogers .... oo^ .0 00 . 00 . 03 
William Herbert Esqr p Morgan Thomas 

his tenant for Brittons garden . . 00 • o 00 . 01 . 00 

The same for the Fai'sonage . . . 00 . o 00 . 02 . 06 

GOAT STREET. 

William Herbert Esq' p Symon Jones his 

tenant . . • • . 01 . o 00 . 01 . OO 

Walter Thomas Esq' . . . qo\ .0 00 . 00 . 06 

The same p John Thomas Harry his tenant 00^ .0 00 . 00 . 06 
Alice Dauids p Evan Hopkin her tenant .01 .0 00 . 01 . 00 
William Herbert Esq' p M' Mathew 

Ffranklen his tenant • • . 01 . 00 . 01 . 00 

M' Richard Seys p Griffith John his tenant. 01 .0 00 • 01 . 00 
Phillipp Jones Esq' p John William vic- 
tualler ..... oo| .0 00 . 00 . 06 
Thomas Bowen and Rythericke Thomas 

his tenant • . . . 01 . o * 00 . 01 . 00 

William Herbert Esq' p Thomas Richard 

his tenant .... oo| .0 00 . 00 . 06 

Walter Thomas Esq' for the great and 

little Bame • • • . 00 . o 00 . 01 . 00 

Thomas Owen p Owen Thomas his tenant oo| .0 00 . 00 . 06 
Phillipp Jones Esq' p William Dauid 

Vaughan his tenant . . . oo| .0 00 . 00 . 06 

Walter Thomas Esq' p Henry Thomas his 

tenant ..... oo^ .0 00 . 00 . 06 



LORDSHIP OF GOWSB. 29 

Morgan Jones p Elizabeth Llojd his Burgage$. U. s. d. 

tenant • « . • . CX>^ .0 00 . 00 . 06 
M' Patricke Jones p yxor Dauid John 

William his tenant .. • . 01 • o 00 . 01 . 00 
W» Herbert Esq^ and Mary Danids wid 

for the lands called the Biddinges .00 .0 00 . 02 . 06 

William Watkin .... ooi .0 00 . 00 . 03 

MAEY STREET. 

Walter Thomas Esq' . • • 01 . o 00 . 00 . 06 
Margery Hopkins . • .01.000.00.06 
Bussy Mansell Esq' p Henry Jones his 

tenant • . • • • 02 . o 00 . 02 . 00 
Walter Thomas Esq' p Thomas Daniell 

and W°* Bird his tenants . . 01 . o 00 . 02 . 00 
The heires of John Prytherch and William 

David theire tenant . . . 01 . o 00 . 01 . 00 

William Llewelin .... oo| .0 00 . 00 . 06 
Eichard Bydder p Thomas Phillipps his 

tenant ..... 00^ .0 00 . 00 . 03 

Vxor Owen Price for the Green garden . ooj .0 00 . 00 . 06 

William Llewelin for the land of John Reed 00 • o 00 . 01 . 00 
Jane Kees widdow for a peece of ground 

adioininge to the south side of the 

Church yeard .... ooi .0 00 . 00 . 03 

Dauid Thomas Kogger for 2 weares . 00 . 00 . 01 . 00 
Thomas Popkin and M' William Edwards 

for I weare • • . .00.000.00.06 

Walter Thomas Esq', Owen Morgan and 

Jenkin Hopkin for i weare . . 00 . o 00 . 00 . 06 

Jenkin Bichard for I weare • . 00 . o 00 . 00 . 06 

Griffith John for I weare . . . 00 . o 00 . 00 . 06 

William Herbert Esq' for 2 weares .00 .0 00 • 01 . 00 

William John Bichard for i weare .00 .0 00 . 00 . 06 
The heires of Thomas Lloyd and Bobert 

Phillips for I weare . . • 00 . 00 • 00 . 06 

M'. Edward Mansell for 2 decayed weares 00 .0 00 • 01 • 00 

Symon Jones for i decayed weare .00 .0 00 • 00 • 06 



80 LORDSHIP OF GOWER. 

Mathew John and William John for i de- Burgage. U, g, d. 

cayed weare . . . .cx).ooo.OO.o6 

Thomas Fopkins and Bobert Bichard for 

I decayed weare • . . oo . o 00 . 00 . 06 

M' Ley son Seys for i weare • . 00 . o 00 . 01 . 00 

William Thomas Esq' for i weare .00 .0 00 . 00 . 06 

William Gronow for I weare. . ,00.0 00 . 00 . 06 

Thomas William Bowen for i weare .00 .0 00 . 00 . 06 



Sume totall 



The Portreefe of the Town of Swanzey for the time beinge 
is to collect the aforesaid rents and to be responsible to the 
Lord or his Beceiver for the same. 

The Portreeve of the said towne is to 
pay yearely vnto the Lord for the 
toll of marketts and faires> killage and 
such like duties the sume of xl«. at 
which rate he hath time out of mind 
continued the possession thereof as it 
is affirmed . . . . 00 . o 02 . 00 . 00 

The said Portreeve is likewise to pay 
yearely to the Lord for assize of ale 
the sume of viijK . . . 00 . o 08 . 00 . 00 

The Portreeve is alsoe to collect and to 
give account of the rent of Portmead 
menconed in the Survay of Gower 
Wallicana and alsoe of the Bedmead 
or marsh hereafter menconed. 

Charles Jones^ tenant 

A parcell of meadow or marsh ground 
called the Bedmead or Beedmarsh abut- 
tinge vppon the river of Tawe on the east 



LORDSHIP OF OOWER. 

and souths of the lands of Bussy Mansell 
Esq' on the north and west vai xijs. iijd. 
p acre • • • • . 

ed. xxf. Which pmisses the tenant houlds 

by lease bearinge date 2^® Febru- 
arij 1643 for the tearme of 3 lives 
vizt. the said Charles Jones, John 
Jones his brother and Edward 
Thomas sonne to William Thomas 
Esq'^ all now liyeinge under the 
yearely rent of xx«. at Annuii and 
Mich'as payinge zxb. fine. 











81 


Contenti 




Val 


p^ 


ofaere$. 




annum. 


a. 


r. 


ff. 


S. 


d. 


12 


.0 


07 


.07 


.00 



THE TOWN OF SWANZEY 

claimes the inheritance of these lands followinge as given them 

by theire Charter. 

A certain peice of ground lyeinge open 
and not inclosed called Craig Iwyd, Keven 
coyd or Crowswood containinge about 500 
acres eztendinge in length from a Church 
called S^ Jones on the east side vnto the 
Cockett on the west and from the Weege 
on the north to Pant guydir on the south . 500 . 00 

Another peece of ground lyeinge open and 
not inclosed called the Burroughes lyeinge 
on the south side of the town and contain- 
inge about a mile in length vizt. from the 
river Tawe vnto the river or water course 
called Bryn-mill water or Dauid's ditch. 

And a piece of wast ground called the 
little Burroughes lyeinge between the said 
town and the river Tawe on the east. 

A small piece of wast ground called the 
Poppett hill on the west side of the town 
lyeinge between the lands of Phillipp 



32 LORDSHIP OF OOWER. 

CanUnt4 Val.p''. 

Jones Esq^ on the west and north side^ and of aeret. annum. 
the lands of Griffith Jones on the south • a. r. /»'• 8. d. 

The said town alsoe claimes comon in 200 
acres of ground parte of a comon called 
Keven coyd and Crows wood inclosed by 
gr ■yjTm Herbert kn* about 60 yeares since 
which incroachment is now called Kaye 
garw^ Kaye bach^ and Kaye Cwmburia and 
now in the possession of Walter Thomas 
John Daniell and Jonathan Smith . 200 . o 

There is another incroachment of halfe an 
acre of land and 2 cottages built there- 
yppon by Sichard Seys Esq^ at a place 
called the Creeglase incroached about 
twenty seaven yeares since. . . 00 . J 

There are two Leet courts kept every yeare 
within the said town at Mayday and Mi- 
ch'aSj and a Town court every fortenight 
and all vsuall royalties belongeinge to the 
Lord as wreckes of the sea^ felons goods 
and toll of faires and marketts and killage 
for vessells. 

All the distresses taken within the said 
Town or liberties thereof are to be im- 
pounded for 15 dayes within which time 
if the owner redeem not the same, then 
the said distresse is to be valued by six 
honest and indifferent men of the town, 
and afterwards to be sould and the over- 
plus if any be to be rendred to the owner. 



IX)RI>SH1F OF GOWBR. 33 

GOWER WALLICA AND THE MANNO^ OF 
Subbosicus and Supraboscus members thereof. 

The Extent and Boundaries thereof. 

THE said Lordshipp or Seignory extends to the river of Turch 
on the east parte and the river of Tawe on the south parte and 
the river of Loughour on the west parte and the brooke of 
Cathan on the north parte. 

Leasehoulders and Tenants att will. 

SUFRABOSCUS. 

RenU db Philip Penry. Contend Vol. p'. 

Servicer of acres, annum. 

reserved, j^ Manion house and certain parcells of a. r. It. «. d. 
arrable pasture and meadow ground lyeinge 
together and called by the names of Kelly 
weren ycha abuttinge vpon Keven y fforrest 
and Kae Cydono on the south and the 
ffireehould lands of Thomas Hugh and 
Henry Phillipps on the west, and two other 
parcells of land called Keven y fforrest and 
Kae Cydono adioineinge to the former vat 
vj«. p acre . . . . . 60.0 i8 .00.00 

Bed. xyjii. Which ^misses the tenant houlds 

\ ^*P; by lease from the Earle of Wor- 

4 dayes cester dat. 5** Nov. i® Car. for the 

a teMDu ^^ tear me of xxi^® y eares from the date 

under the yearely rent of xvj/i. 
at Ladyday and Mich'as 2 fat cap. 
i^ Jan. I herr. with vsuall cove- 
nants. 

The Towne of Swanzey by Henry Jones 
and Mathew Davyes. 

A parcell of meadow ground called Port- 
mead abuttinge vppon the highway from 
Swanzey to Loughour on the north and the 



34 



LORDSHIP OF GOW£R. 



RenUdt 
Servicet 
resei-vcd. 



Bed. xl«. 



Bed. imu. 



Bed. 

xxxiijt. 

• • • « « 

luja. 



lands of Bees Thomas on the west vat v/t. a. r. 
p annu . . . . . 06 . o 

Which ^misses are leased by the 
Earle of Worcester to the said 
Henry Jones and Mathew Dauids 
comon atturneys for the said town 
by his lease dat. i° Ffebr. i** Car. 
for the tearme of xxj**® yeares un- 
der the yearely rent of xl«. p annu 
at Anniofi and Mich'as and bear- 
inge all taxes. 

SUPBABOSCUS. 

David Evans Esq**. 

A water grist mill called Clydach mill 
within the parish of Llangevelach vat v/i. 



li s. d, 

05 . 00 . CX) 



p annu 



. CX) . o 05 . 00 . 00 



Which pmisses the tenant houlds 
by lease from the Earle of Wor- 
cester for certain yeares yet en- 
dureinge under the yearely rent of 
iiij/t. p annu but noe lease pduced. 

David liewelin. 

A tenem^ called Lletty Tanglwst consistinge 
of a manson house and two closes of pasture 
and meadow ground containinge about 16 
acres vat iij/i . z«. p annu . 

Which pmisses the tenant houlds 
by lease from the Earle of Wor- 
cester dat. 12® Jan. 1649 for xxj*** 
yeares from the date vnder the 
yearely rent of xzxiij^. iiijef. 

A house and garden and 2 parcells of lands 
called Killdreston Dauid and Gorse luce lye- 



16 . o 03 . 10 . 00 



LORDSHIP OF GOWBB. 85 

r 

Renu d inge in the parish of Landilotalybont and a. r. li, 8. d, 
reserved, adioineinge to the said house vat ys, p acre. I2 . o 03 . 00 . oo 

R«d- »"• Which ^misses the tenant houlds 

1 Herr. hy lease from the Earle of Wor- 

cester dat. 1° Jan. 7° Car. for the 
tearme of xxj«« yeares under the 
yearely rent of xxs. at Mich'as and 
Annufi 2 cap. i® Jan. i herr. w*^ 
vsuall covenants. 

Mary Thomas, widdow. 

A messuage or tenem^ and 4 closes of arra- 
ble land and one of meadow lyeinge and 
next adioineinge to the same within the 
parish of Llangevelach and called by the 
name of Bulch y gwybedin vat vK. per annu. 24.0 05 . 00 . 00 

Another messuage or tenement adioineinge 
to the former and 4 closes of arrable ground 
lyeinge next therevnto va) 1$. p annu . 06 . o 02 . 10 . 00 

5??; Which dmisses the tenant claimes 

to hould p lease from the Earle of 
Worcester for xxj*** yeares whereof 
about 3 yeares are yet to come 
vnder the yearely rent of iiij/i. x^. 
but produced no lease. 

SUBBOSCUS. 

John Price Esq^ 

A tenem^ called Gumose in the parish of 
Loughour consistinge of one close of pasture 
and wood ground abuttinge vppon a lane 
called Ffosevellen on the north and west 
vat v«. p acre . . . . 06 . o 01 . 10 . 00 

A piece of meadow or pasture ground called 
the Marsh ground lyeinge between Cobbs 



86 LORDSHIP OF OOWBR. 

bridge on the south and the Little bridge on a. r. /t. 9, d. 
the north vat vj«. 5 acre . . « 06 . o 01 . 16 . (X) 

Bed. iyK. ^l^j^j^ Pmisses the tenant houlds 

by graunt made by John Bowen 
my Lord's Receiver dat. 14® Jan. 
1649 for xxj*^ yeares under the 
yearely rent of iij/t. In which 
graunt is likewise comprized a 
Wear of fishinge of small value. 

There is moreover within this lower parte 
eight parcells of meadow ground lyeinge 
togeather called the Lords meadowes w^ 
are lett with Oystermouth Castle and other 
lands there to M' Seys by one lease vide 
the survay of Oystermouth for a particular 
account of them. 

THESE parcells foUowinge were not shewed to me when I 
was vppon the place^ but delivered by the Jury in theire 
survay as follows. 

SUPRABOSCTJS. 

Bees Bowen. 

A tenem^ called Glyneythrim in cwm Cly- 

dach within the parish of Llangevelach con- 

taininge about 8 acres which I conceive to 

be 16 English acres abuttinge vppon the 

river Clydach on the east and the lands of 

Bussy Mansell Esq** on the south lett by 

graunt for xxx«. p annu . . . 16 » o 01 . 10 . 00 

Bod. xxx#. Which pmisses the tenant claimes 

to hould by grant from my Lord 
or some of his officers for xxj*** 
yeares to begin from Mich'as 1649 
vnder the yearely rent of xxx«. 
but noe grant pduced. 



LORDSHIP OF GOWER. 37 

Evan Thomas. 

A parcell of ground lyeinge in the parish of a. r. lu s. d, 

Llangevelach called by the name of Ka*eif 

glaundin blaen y Skyach containeinge about 

4 acres (4 English acres) for which the 

tenant payes xs. p annu . . . 04 . o 00 . 10 . 00 

^^' *•• Which ^misses the tenant houlds 

at will. 



GOWER WALLICANA. 

The Names of the Freehoulders of the said Manner with 

theire severall Bents. 

PARCELL CLASE. 

Sussy Mansell Esq^ for a tenem^ and lands called /t. 8. d, 

Keven bettinge ya ganol in the hands of Bees 

ap John . . . . . 00 . 02 . 00 

The same for a tenem* called Betting-va issa in the 

hands of John Bees . • • . 00 . 00 . 07 

The same for another tenem^ called Betting-va 

ycha in the hands of the same tenant • . 00 . 00 . 06 

The same^ for a tenem* called Ynis vorgan in the 

hands of Arthur Williams . . . 00 . 01 . 06 

The same for a tenem^ in the hands of Owen 

Thomas Meyricke • . .00.01.00 

The same for a tenem^ in the hands of William 

Dauid Thomas . . . . . oo . 01 . 02 

The same for a tenem^ in the hands of Griffith 

Bowen . . . . . . 00 . 00 . 07 

The same for a tenem^ in the hands of Thomas 

, Dauid and John Bowen . . . 00 . 00 . 08 

Henry Mathewes for a tenem* in the hands of 

Dauid Morgan William . . . 00 . 00 . 10 

Dauid Popkins for a tenem^ in the hands of John 

Jenkin . . . . .00.00.06 



S8 LORDSHIP OF GOWER. 

The said Dauid Popkins for a tenem^ in the hands U. 8. d. 

of Thomas George . • . . CX) . oo . 04 

The said Dauid for Tir y Bwlfa and Tir y velin . cX) . 00 . 06 
Hopkin Popkins for a tenem^ in the hands of 

John Rosser . . . . . cx) . 00 . 06 

The same for a tenem^ in the hands of Morgan 

Thomas . . . . . • 00 . 00 . 06 

The same for a tenem^ in the hands of Humphrey 

Terry . . . . • . 00 . 00 . 04 

Philiipp Thomas and Alice Thomas widdow for a 

tenem* . . . . . . 00 . 00 . 06 

Dauid Jones for his lands called Abergelly ycha • 00 . 00 . 09 
The said Dauid Jones for another tenem^ of lands 

called Abergelly issa • . . . 00 . 00 . 09 

William Harry for his lands . . • 00 . 00 . 04 

Bussy Mansell Esq' for a tenem* called Ty dy . 00 . 00 . 04 
Dauid Popkins for a tenem* in the hands of John 

Dauid Popkin . . . . . 00 . OO . 06 

PARCELL MAWR. 

Bussy Mansell Esq' for a tenem* in the hands of 

Lewis Andrew . . . . . 00 . 00 . 10 

The same for a tenem* in the hands of Arthur 

Williams . . . . .00.01.00 

The same for a tenem* in the hands of Bees 

Thomas Morgan . . . . 00 . 00 . 08 

The same for a tenem* in the hands of Joan Grif- 
fith widdow called Vago wen . . . OO . 00 . 04 

The same for a tenem* in the hands of Dauid 

Jenkin Richard . . . . 00 . 01 . 02 

The same for a tenem* in the hands of Dauid 

Hopkin at Penyvidy . . . . 00 . 01 . 02 

The same for a tenem* in the hands of Dauid 

Jenkin , . . . . . OO . 00 . 04 

The same for a tenem* in the hands of Dauid 

Morgan and Rees Thomas . . . 00 . 01 . 01 

The same for a tenem* in the hands of Lewis 

William . . . . . 00 . 00 . 09 



LOUDSHIP OF GOWEB. 39 

The same for a tenem^ in the hands of Dauid Bees lu s. d. 

at Blaen yr olchva . . . . oo . oo . 06 

Phillipp Jones Esq' for a tenem* called Peny veedee 

isha in the hands of Thomas Dauid Frytherch . 00 . 00 . 06 
The same for a tenem^ in the hands of Dauid 

Sevan . . . . . . . 00 . CX) . 08 

George Dawkins for his lands called Ynis 

tawlog . . . . . . 00 . 02 . 07 

Dauid Williams for a tenem^ at Abercathan in the 

hands of George Dawkins . . . cx) . 00 . 07 

John Rogers for his lands late Dauid Thomas 

Popkins . . . . . 00 . 00 . 04^ 

Evan ap Evan for his own lands . . . 00 . 00 . 10 

John Rogers for his lands at Blaen cam in the 

hands of Bichard John . • . . 00 . 00 . 06 

Phillipp Joi^es Esq' for lands in the hands of 

John Thomas William called Knufie bongam 

and Llerlas . . . • • 00 . 00 . 07 

John Bees for a tenem^ called Ty yncham in the 

hands of Tho. Mathewes . . . 00 . 00 . 03 

Evan Bees and his mother for 2 tenem^ in theire 

own hands at Velindre . . . . 00 . 00 . 08 

Thomas Llewelin for his lands called Court mawr 00 . 01 • 00 
Thomas Dauid Morgan for his lands . . 00 . 00 . 08 

John Morgan Dauid for his lands . • 00 • 00 . 08 

Evan Thomas John for his lands . . . 00 . 01 . 01 

Leyson Price for the lands in the hands of Hugh 

Bees . . . . . . 00 . 00 . 08 

Griffith Price for the lands in the hands of John 

Dauid Howell . . . . . 00 . 00 . 02 

Evan Hopkin Dauid for his lands in Blaenant dee 00 . 01 .02 
Dauid Bichard for a tenem* in the hands of Evan 

Dauid Thomas . • • . . 00 . 00 . 08 

John Morgan William for his lands called 

Llervedwen . . . . . 00 . 00 . 10 

The same for another tenem^ in Blaenant dee . CO . 00 . 02 
Griffith Bevan for a tenem^ at Gellygam in the 

hands of Gwenllian John Dauid Lloyd . 00 . 00 . 04 



40 LORDSHIP OF GOWER. 

Griffith Price for a tenem^ in Gellygam in the It. s. d. 

hands of Anna Ward wid . . . OO . CX) . 04 

Griffith Price for his tenem^ at Gellygum . . 00 . 03 . 06 

John Price for his tenem^ called Glyncasnod . 00 . 00 . 08 
Jenkin Thomas for his lands called Gerdinen . 00 . 01 . 04 
Dauid Hopkin John Llewelin for his lands called 

Gerdinen . . . . . 00 . cx) . 07 

"Walter John Walter for his lands in Gerdinen . 00 . 01 .04 
Richard John Leyson for a tenem^ called Bryn y 

cyffi:)n in the hands of Evan John Morgan . 00 . 00 . 07 
Dauid Hugh for his own lands . • . 00 . CX) . 02 

Kees John Williams for his own lands called Cam 

y swUt . . . . . . CX) . CX) . 04 

Eees William John for his lands . . . (X) . cx) . 06 

Dauid Morgan John for his lands at Blaen Cathan 00 . 00 . 06 
John Rowland for his lands called Reynant . 00 . 01 . cx> 

John Morgan Rees for Tyle coch . . . 00 . 00 . 04 

Rees Prytherch for his lands . . . 00 . CX) . 02 

Dauid Jenkin Richard for his lands in the hands 

of Griffith Bowen and Byheer . . . 00 - CX) . 04 

Richard Jones for his lands in BwlWa ddee . 00 . 00 . 04 

M' William Evans for his lands in the hands of 

Rees Dauid Phillipp . . . , 00 . CX) . 03 

Phillip John ap John Rees for his lands . . CX) . 00 . 03 

M' William Evans for a tenem^ in the hands of 

Thomas Be van John . , . . 00 . 01 . 00 

The same for his lands in the hands of Dauid ap 

David . . . . . . 00 . 01 . 02 

The same for his lands in the hands of John 

Thomas Bowen . . . . . 00 . 01 . 09 

The same for his lands in the hands of Evan 

Dauid Bevan . • . . . 00 . 01 . 00 

The same for a tenem^ called Lletty John in the 

hands of John Morgan and Rees Thomas . 00 . 00 . 04 

Thomas Bowen for a tenem^ in the hands of Ka- 

therine Dauid widdow . . . • 00 . cx^ . 01 

William Price for a tenem* called Gelly gron in 

the hands of Hopkin Thomas . . . 00 . 01 . 02 



LORDSHIP OF GOWER. 41 

Dauid Jones for a tenem^ called GeUyyethen in It. $. d. 

the hands of Fhillipp Dauid . . . 00 . 00 . 06 

Thomas John for his own lands called Maistir . 00 . 01 . 00 
Morgan John Smith for his tenem^ . 00 . 00 . 04 

Mathew Thomas for a tenem^ called Maistir in the 

hands of Evan Richard . . 00 . 00 . 08 

Mauld John widdow for her lands called Brynn 

mawr and Tir Lewis Tho. Lewis . . 00 . 00 . 09 

Rosser Thomas for lands in the hands of David 

Jenkin Hopkin at Pen yr heol . . . 00 . 00 • 02 

Rees William Bowen for Dauid Williams lands . 00 . 01 . 01 
Dauid Morgan John for a tenem^ in Mothvay in 

the hands of Rees Dauid Phillip • . 00 . 00 . 03^ 

Thomas Llewelin for 2 tenem^ of lands in the 

hands of Evan Thomas John . . 00 . 00 . 08 

PARCELL PENTHERRY. 

Phillipp Jones Esq'' for a tenem^ called Kelly- 

woren isha in the hands of Jane Dauid widdow 00 . 00 . 08 
Griffith Price for his lands called Penller g&r and 

Keven y fibrrest . . . . 00 . 12 . 04 

Henry Mathews for his lands called Nyd fwych 

and Brjm davidd . . . 00 . 1 1 . 00 

William Prichard for his lands called Bach y 

gwryddin . . . . 00 . 01 . 07 

Hopkin Be van for his lands . . . 00 . Ol . 06 

Morgan Hopkin for Margarett Morgan's lands . 00 . 03 . 04 
Ellen John widdow for the said Margarett's lands 00 . 01 . 00 
John Morgan for the said Margarett's lands . 00 . 03 . 04 

Morgan Hopkins for his own lands . . 00 . 00 . 10 

William Jenkin John Longe for his lands . 00 . 00 . lO 

Edward Morgan for Margarett Morgan's lands . 00 . 02 . 00 
Joseph John Griffith for the lands of Mary Davyes 

widdow . . . . . . 00 . 02 . 07 

Thomas Daidd for the lands of the said Mary . 00 . 04 . 00 
John Thomas Morgan for his lands . • 00 . 00 • 03 

John Harry and Harry Thomas for their lands . 00 . 00 . 06 



42 LOBDSHIP OF GOWEK. 

Mathew John Thomas for Katherine Donne's li. s. d. 

lands . . . . . , oo . 00 . 06 

Dauid Howell for the lands of Morgan Jones 

Clarke . . . . . . 00 . 00 . 08 

Katherine Donne widdow for the lands late Phil- 

lipp Dauid Hopkins • • • . 00 . 00 . 06 

Evan Dauid Bowen for his own lands . . 00 . 00 . 07I 

Phillipp Dauid Prichard for his own lands • 00 . 00 . oji 

Evan Bosser for his own lands • . 00 . 00 . 06 

Hopkin Morgan for his lands called Tyle dy . 00 . 04 . 08 
Dauid Jenkin for Morgan Jones lands called 

Pentherry , . . . .00.06,04 

Beniamin Thomas for Roger Seys his lands . 00 . 00 . 08 

Thomas Bees for his own lands called Coed 

treminge . . . * . . 00 . 02 . 00 

Rowland John David for his lands . . 00 . 01 . 06 

Harry Phillips for his lands . . . 00 . 01 . OO 

Mathew Thomas for Penhuw and Keelvane . 00 . 00 . 08 

Hopkin William for his lands . . 00 . 00 . 03 

PARCELL RHUNDW Y GLYDACH. 

Bussy Mansell Esqr for a tenemt in the hands of 

William Prichard . . . . 00 . 01 . 06 

The same for a tenem^ in the hands of Jenkin 

Morgan . . . . . . 00 . 01 • 10 

The same for a tenem^ in the hands of Bees Bowen 

Meredith called Gwain yr eyrith • . 00 . 02 . 00 

The said M'' Mansell for a tenem^ in the hands of 

Howell Llewelin . . . . 00 . 01 . 08 

The same for a tenem^ by Melin in the hands of 

Thomas John Dauid Evan . • • 00 . 00 . 04 

The same for a tenem^ in the hands of Gwladis 

Dauid widdow . . • • • 00 . 01 . 08 

The same for a tenem^ in the hands of Tliomas 

Harry . . . . . . 00 . OO . 05 

The same for a tenem^ in the hands of Ellen John 

widdow . • . . . . 00 . 01 . 00 

The same for lands in the hands of Llewelin John 

Howell . . . . . 00 . 00 . 04 



LOBDSHIP OF GOWER. 48 

The same for a cottage in the hands of William li. s. d. 

Gerrard . . . . • 00 . 00 . o6 

Dauid Evans Esq' for Ynispenllough and other 

tenem^ at Gellyonnen • • . • oi . oo . oo 

S' Edward Thomas Barronett for a tenem^ at 

Lygoes in the hands of Hopkin Thomas . 00 • OO . lo 

The same S' Edward Thomas for a tenem^ in the 

hands of Thomas Dauid at Pevjrre byrne . oo . 00 . 04 

The same S' Edward Thomas for a tenem^ in the 

hands of Hopkin Llewelin . . . 00 . 00 . 08 

Thomas ap Thomas for the lands of the said S^ 

Edward Thomas . . . 00 . 00 . 06 

Thomas Hopkins for the lands of the said S' Ed- 

ward Thomas . • . . • 00 • 00 . 04 

Jenkin John Thomas for the lands of the said S' 

Edward Thomas . • . • 00 . 00 . 06 

Bichard Thomas Sevan for the lands of the said S' 

Edward Thomas • . . • 00 . 00 . 06 

Bichard Frees for the lands of the said S' Edward 

Thomas . . . . . 00 . 00 . 10 

Margarett Penry widdow for Llychard vach . 00 . 01 . 03 
Dauid Williams for a tenem^ called Llychard vawr 

in the hands of William Powell . . 00 . 01 . 00 

William Powell for the lands of Dauid Williams 

in Gelly lyog . . . . . 00 . 01 . 00 

Owen Bevan for the lands of the said M' Williams 00 . 01 . 03 
Bytherch John Williams for the lands of the said 

M' Williams . . . . OO . 00 . 04 

John Penry for his lands at Tresoyrith . . 00 . ot . 05 

Bees Dauid for Pwlle walkin in the hands of Bees 

ap Bichard . . . . . 00 . 00 . 06 

John Dauid Prichard for Barronett Thomas his 

lands . . . . • . 00 . 00 . 04 

4b .1.. 

William John Dauid for William Thomas his lands 00 . 01 .00 
Grriffith William for Ynis dderow . . 00 . 00 . 04 

The wife of W°» Dauid Griffith for lands-, . 00 . 00 . 08 

Thomas Penry for his lands at Allt y vannog . 00 . 01 . 00 
John Bichard for the lands of Thomas Penry . 00 . 00 . 08 



44 LORDSHIP OF OOWER. 

li. 8. d. 

Howell William for the lands of Thomas Penry . oo . oo . 08 
Thomas Griffith for the lands of Thomas Penry . 00 . 00 . 06 
Dauid John Jenkin for the lands of Thomas Penry. 00 . 00 . 04 
W" Penry for a tenem* called Rythylid in the 

hands of Jenkin Morgan . . 00 . 01 . 08 

The same W^ Penry for Ty Uwyd in the hands 

of Katherine John . . . . cx) . 00 . 08 

Isaac Rogers for his lands called Nant mM . 00 . 00 . 06 

Griffith Bevan for two tenem** in his own hands . 00 . 01 . 04^ 
Dauid William for Bwlch y gwybedin . . 00 . cx) . 02 

Richard John Dauid William for Dauid Wil- 

liam's lands . . . . . cx) . 01 . 08 

LANG UICKE. 

Mary Thomas widdow for Gellygron . . cx) . 00 . 04 

The said Mary Thomas for a tenem^ at Keven 

y Han . . • . . . <X) . 00 . 06 

William Thomas for Allt y cham . . . (X) . 01 . (X> 

The same William for Tir pen y Ian in Llan- 

gevelach . . . . . 00 . 01 . CX) 

William Awbrey for his 2 tenem*" called Ynis 

meydow ycha and Ynis meydow isha . . 00 . 01 . 09 

Morgan Awbrey Esq' for a tenem* called Keven 

y Han in the hands of Phillip William . . CX) . 01 . 02 

Lewis Awbrey for his lands called Gelly vrowis . 00 . 00 . 05 
Thomas Awbrey Esq*^ for Gellylwcha in the hands 

of John Bevan Prytherch . . . 00 . 01 . 00 

Owen Bevan for a tenem^ in Rhid . . 00 . 00 . 03 

The said Owen for Llwyn y pryved . . 00 . CX5 , 07 

Evan ap Evan for his lands late the lands of Rees 

Dauid Morgan Lloyd . . . . 00 . 00 . 03 

Walter Thomas Esq' for a tenem^ in the hands of 

Henry Bowen . . . , ' . 00 . 01 . 00 

The said M' Thomas for a tenem^ called Krayth 

Iwyn in the hands of Rees Prichard . . 00 . 00 . 04 

The said M' Thomas for 2 tenem** called Bettinge 

and Keven y gwrcke in the hands of Lewis 

Thomas . . . . , 00 . 01 . 08 



LORDSHIP OF GOWER 45 

Morgan Evan Thomas for his lands called Gelly It. s. d. 
varog . . . . . . oo . 01 . 02 

Morgan Awbrey Esq' for lands in the hands of 

Richard John Kichard . . . . oo . cx> . 02 

Morgan Frees for M' Awbrey's lands . . 00 . 00 . 03 

Thomas Williams for M' Awbrey's lands called 

Parke y granod . . . . 00 . OO . 03 

Watkin John Awbrey for M"^ Awbrey's lands . 00 . 00 . 04 
M' Awbrey for AUt greeg . . . 00 . 00 . 10 

Watkin Rees Awbrey for M' Awbrey's lands . 00 . 00 . 04 
Margarett Evan widdow for M' Awbrey's lands . 00 . 00 . oi J 
Lewis William and Anne Watkin for M' Aw- 
brey's lands . . . . . 00 . 00 . 08 

John Thomas William for Mr. Awbrey's land . 00 . 00 , 03 
Richard Awbrey for M' Awbrey's land . . 00 00 . 06 

Harry John Awbrey for M' Awbrey's land . 00 . 00 . 04 

Vxor Rowland Griffith Dauid for M' Awbrey's 

land . . . . . . 00 . 00 . 04 

Watkin Richard Awbrey for M' Awbrey's land . 00 . 00 . 06 
Richard John Frees for 2-tenem** at Alltgreeg 

beinge the lands of the said Morgan Awbrey . 00 . 01 . 00 

John Llewelin for the said M' Awbrey's land . 00 . 00 . 04 

William John Frichard for M' Awbrey's land . 00 . 00 . 04 

Richard Frees for M' Awbrey's land called Keel- 

vach yr haidd . . . . . 00 . 00 . 04 

Watkin Rees and William Llewelin for M*^ Aw- 
brey's land . . . . . 00 . 00 . 04 

Vxor John W°* Danid Frees for her lands . 00 . 01 .00 

Henry William and his mother for theire lands . 00 . 00 . 07 
William ap William for Mathew Ffranklen's 

lands . . . . • 00 . 01 . 06 

Jenkin Bowen for his lands called Gwrid . 00 . 00 . 10 

Thomas Evan Thomas for M' Awbrey's land . 00 . 00 . 07 
Charles Awbrey for the lands of the said M' 

Morgan Awbrey called Gelly vowis mawr . 00 . 00 . 01 
Gwenllian Griffith widdow for the lands of the 

said Mr. Awbrey called Gelly vowis vach . 00 . 00 . 01 

Thomas Jenkin Frees for M' Awbrey's land . 00 . 00 . 08 



46 LORDSHIP OF GOWBR. 

It. S. d. 

Vxor Rowland Jones for her lands . . oo . oo . 04 

Daoid Richard for Llewelin Jones lands . . cx) . OQ . 01 

Llewelin John for his own lands . . . 00 . CX) • 04 

Rees Prichard for his own lands • . . CX> . CX) . 04 

Phillipp Penry for Nant 7 gasseg in the hands of 

Evan Hopkin . . . • . 00 . 01 . 02 

Morgan Richard for William Dauid's lands . 00 . 00 . 06 

Morgan Thomas for William Dauid's lands . 00 . 00 . 02 

Hopkin Thomas for Owen Bevan's lands . 00 . 01 . 08 

Mauld Rytherch for her lands . . . cx) . 01 . 00 

John Griffith for William Dauid's lands . . 00 . 00 . 03 

Evan ap Evan for Owen Sevan's lands . . 00 . 00 . 04 

Thomas Griffith for Llyn y meydow . . cx) . 01 . 06 

Hopkin John Dauid for M' Aubrey's land . 00 . CX) . 07 

The heires of Evan John Sevan • . . 00 . 00 . 08 

Griffith Williams for a tenem^ of lands in the hands 

of John Bevan Prytherch called Ynis gelynen . cx) . CXD . 04 
James Lee for parte of the said Griffith's lands . 00 . cx) . c^ 
Jenkin Dauid for Ty wrth ybont parte of the said 

Griffith's lands . . . • . CX) . CX) . 04 

WELSHEBY IN SWANZEY PARISH. 

John Bowen Rosser for Ynis tydir . . CX) . 00 . 02 

Richard Dauid for Gergenidd late the lands of 

Griffith Penry . • . . . 00 . 01 . 08 

Dauid Lewis for his lands . • . cx) . 02 . cX) 

Robert William Rosser for a tenem^ • . 00 . 01 . 09 

The said Robert for another tenem* . . 00 . 02 . 00 

John Morgan John for his own lands . . 00 . cX) . 06 

Marcelly Richard for her own lands . . 00 . 01 . cX) 

Thomas Bowen for his own lands . . 00 . 00 . 02 

Dauid John Dauid Morgan for his own lands . 00 . 01 . 01 

William Morgan for his lands . . . CX) . 00 . 04 

Rees Thomas Rees for his lands . . . 00 . 00 . 07 
William Thomas Esq' for lands in the hands of 

Edward Thomas John . . . . 00 . 00 . 02 



LORDSHIP OF GOWKR. 47 

It. 8, d, 

Thomas Bowen for his lands . . . oo . oo . 06 

Joseph John and Thomas Harry for M' Doding- 

ton's lands . . . . . cx> . 00 . 06 

Dauid Robert for his lands • . 00 . 00 . 04 

William John William Thomas for his lands . 00 . 00 . 11 
Dauid Mathew Richard for his lands . . 00 . 01 . 00 

WELSHERY IN LANDILO TALYBONT. 

John Jenkin for Leyson Eees lands . . 00 . 00 . 03 

Morgan Dauid Morgan for Christopher Dauid's 

lands . . . . . .00. 00. II 

Rosser John Hopkin for the lands of Thomas 

Williams . . . . . 00 . 00 . 06 

Hugh Hughes for the lands of William Mathewes 00 . 01 . 03 
Vxor William Lewis for the lands of M" Price . 00 . 00 . 06 
Francis Bevan for the lands of M" Price . 00 . 00 . 04 

Thomas ap Thomas for his own lands . . 00 . 00 . 04 

John William Robert for the lands of Thomas 

Williams . . , . . 00 . 00 . 06 

Thomas Williams for his own lands . . 00 . 00 . 08 

W°^ John W°* Hopkin for M'^ ManselPs lands . 00 . 00 . 07 
Dauid John Bevan for his own lands . 00 . 00 . 04 

Walter Lloyd for the lands of M" Price . . 00 . 00 . 06 

W"^ John W™ Thomas for his lands . . 00 . OO . 06 J 

Evan Dauid Bevan for his lands . . . 00 . 00 . 06 

Uxor Thomas Williams for the lands of Dauid 

Jenkins Esq^ . • . . • 00 . 00 . 03^ 

Morgan Williams for his lands . . . 00 . 00 . 05^ 

Dauid Hugh for his lands • . . 00 . 00 . 06 

Rowland Hopkin for the lands of Richard Leyson 00 . 00 . 02 
John Evan Prees for his own lands . • 00 . 00 . 08 

John Dauid for his land . . • . 00 . 00 . 08 

Robert Lloyd for the lands of Walter Lloyd . 00 . 00 . 03 
John Thomas Morgan for the lands of M" Price . 00 . 00 . 02 

SUBBOSCUS. 

John Williams junior for his lands . . 00 . 04 . 09 . 



48 LORDSHIP OF GOWER. 

It. S. d. 

Joseph Price for his lands . . . oo . 02 . oo 

William Eichard for Tir y wicocke . . 00 . 00 . 04 

Dauid Harry and his mother for theire land . 00 . 02 . 1 1 
Henry Mathewes for the lands in the hands of 

Hugh Roberts . . . . . 00 . 00 . 08 

Dauid Williams for a tenem^ in the hands of Owen 

Griffith . . . . . . 00 . 00 . 05 

Griffith for his lands in the hands of 

Dauid Bevan . . . .00.01.00 

John Thomas for Lanmorlais . • . 00 . 00 . 08 

William Bichard for Tir y wicocke . . 00 . 00 . 04 

Morgan Bevan for his lands . . . 00 . 00 . 06 

Mathew Kichard for his lands . . . 00 . 00 . 03 

Thomas Bowen for his lands . 00 . 01 . 00 

Henry Thomas for his lands . . . 00 . 02 . 00 

Bichard George for his lands • . 00 . 00 . 04 

Evan Griffith for W"* Dauid Thomas his lands , 00 .01 .00 
Thomas Clement for his lands . . . 00 . 01 . 04 

George Bowen Esq'^ for lands in the hands of 

Edward Gill . . . . . 00 . 00 . 03 

Morgan Bobert and John Thomas for a tenem^ 

called Toy kae Bosser . . . . 00 . 01 . 00 

Owen Williams and Ffrancis Williams for theire 

lands in the hands of William John . . 00 . OO . 1 1 

George Mathewes for a tenem* called Keela . 00 . 07 . 03 
The said George for a tenem^ in the hands of 

William Harry . . . . 00 . 02 . 00 

Mathew Davies for his own lands . . 00 04 . 07 

Griffith Morgan for his own lands . . OO . OO . 04 

Thomas Williams for Barronett Thomas his lands 

called Lleellan vach . . . • 00.00. 10 

Bobert Goein for Barronett Thomas his lands 

called Llcllan vawr • . . • 00 . 02 . 00 

Jenkin John for George Bowen*s lands . . 00 . 00 . 08 

Dauid Bennett for his own lands . • . 00 . oo. 04 

Hugh Bobert for his own lands • . . 00 • 00 . 01^ 

William John for Barronett Thomas his lands . 00 . 00 . 08 



TX)RDSHIF OF OOWER. 49 

lu S. d, 
John Wibborn for his own lands • • . CX) . 01 . 08 

The said William John for the said Barronett 

Thomas his lands • • • • 00 . 03 . 00 

The heires of William Lloyd for lands in the 

hands of William Harry . . . 00 . cx) . 08 

Jenkin Dauid for his lands . . . . 00 . cx) . 10 

Dauid William for his lands *. . . 00 . 01 . OO 

John Dauids for his lands called Berthloyd . 00 . 01 . 08 

John Hamon for Richard Dauids lands • . CXD . 00 . 03 
John Dauid Morgan for Co^^ Jones his lands called 

Ryen and Willcocke • . . . 00 . 04 . 10 

John Ley son for his own lands . . . CX) . cx) . 10 

Thomas John Morgan for his lands . • 00 . 01 . 00 

Mathew John for George Mathewes lands ' . cx) . oi . lo 

John Howell for George Mathewes lands • . oo . <X) . 05 

Gri£Sth Bichard for his lands . . . 00 . 02 . cx> 

David Phillipp for W^ Hamon*s lands . . cx> . 00 . 02 

William Jones for his own land . . . 00 . 01 . 00 

Robert Kent for his own land . . . 00 • 01 . 00 

Vxor George Leyson for her lands . . 00 . 00 . 08 

William Dauid Thomas for his lands • . 00 . 00 . 05 

Owen Clement for M' Dodington's lands . 00 . 03 . 00 

John Groat for M' Mansell's lands . . 00 . 00 . 06 

Fabian Phillipps for M' Dodington's lands . 00 . 01 . 06 
John W°^ Griffith for his lands called Killwnen . 00 . 01 . 00 

Dauid Richard for George Mathewes lands . 00 . 01 .08 

William George for his lands . . 00 . 01 . 04 

Howell Dauid for George Mathewes lands . 00 . 01 . 04 

Richard Thomas for his lands . . . 00 . 00 . 02 

John Price Esq' for his lands • • . 00 . 00 . 02 

Henry Ffleminge for his lands . . • 00 . 03 . 04 

William Preist for Rowland Thomas his land . 00 . 03 . 04 
William Williams for his lands called Key en vellin 00 . 00 . 10 

The said William for Tir y Bryn . . 00 . 00 . 02 

Elizabeth Palmer for her lands . . . 00 . 00 . 10 

Evan Bowen for Penyclawdd . . . . 00 . 00 . 10 

Leyson Weeke . . • . 00 . 01 « 06 

H 



60 LORDSHIP OF GOWBB. 

John Tanner for William Edward's lands . CX) . 02 • oo 

Griffith Thomas for his own lands • . 00 . 01 . 00 

William George for his lands . . . 00 . 00 . 04 

William Hamon for his lands . . . 00 . OO . 04 
Dauid Hugh for the lands in the hands of John 

Taylor . . . . . . 00 . 01 . 00 

Symon John for his own lands . . . 00 . 00 . 04 



Suma Totall 



The Jury present that every of the said freehoulders tenants 
yppon theire decease or attumaSon of theire fireehould ought 
to pay $8. in maner of an herryott 

There is noe customary or copyhould lands within the said 
LoPP. 

There is alsoe ^sented due to the Lord lx&'. for mises and xUi. 
for aydes^ vide Gower Anglica what these mises and aydes are. 



THE MANNOR OF OYSTERMOUTH 

a member of the Seignory of Gower. 

THE said Manner doth extend unto the sea on the east and 
south partes, the lands of Bussy Mansell Esq'^ at Mansell-field 
and the Lo^p of Bishopstone vnto a brooke called Carswell on 
the west parte, the Lo^^ of Fhillipp Earle of Pembrocke and 
Mountgomery on the north west parte, and the brooke of 
Rheed y devaid on the north and north east parte, and within 
the boundaries of the said Lo^' there lyeth severall lands 
belonginge vnto other Manno'*, beinge the lands of Bushy 
Manaell and John Dodington Esq". 

The Scite of the said Manno. 

Richard Seys. 

An old decayed castle called the Castle of 
Oystermouth beinge for the psent of noe. 



r 



LORDSHIP OF GOWBB* 51 

J2««ttt db yse^ but of a very pleasant scituaSon and a. r. li 8. d. 

reserved, ^^^ ^^^ ^^^ ^^^ ^^^^^ ; it is lett by lease 
vnto Bichard Seys Esq' together with the 
lands followinge :-— 

A parcell of rough woody ground called 
the Forrest of Glyn and Cljm moor abut- 
tinge yppon the river leadinge from Keela 
to Blackepill on the north and east, and the 
way from Swanzey to Lanridian on the 
south, and Sight wood comon on the west 
vai about xx/t. p annu . lOO acr . lOO .0 20 . 00 . oo 

Eight parcells of meadow ground called 
the Lords meadowes lyeinge together abut- 
tinge yppon the lane from Colbridge to 
Swanzey on the south, the river on the 
north, and the comon called Bryncanathan 
on the east and the land of S' Edward 
Thomas on the west vai iij«. iiijcf. the acre 033 .0 05 . 10 . 00 



Sume .133.0 25 . 10.00 



Eted. WiiU, 



These parcells of meadow are parte of the 
Lo^P of Gower Wallicana and not of this 
Manno, but are lett by the same lease w^ 
the former. 

All which pmisses before men- 
tioned together with these parcells 
of land called Bryn Canaihan ats 
Clanathan and Gorse vawr or 
Gwemvawr, which are now cast 
open to the adioineinge comon as 
partes thereof ^tended, are by the 
Earle of Worcester by his lease 
dat 9** Ffebr. 9** Jac. to Leyson 
Seys, Dauid Seys and Evan Seys 
for the tearme of theire naturall 
lives, whereof Dauid is dead, and 



5S LORDSHIP OF GOWER, 

-R^n'* ^ the Other two, vizt. Leyson Seys a, r. lu 8, d. 

Servieei - , i ti 

reserved. aged about 40 yeares and Evan 

Seys are yet liveinge, vnder the 
yearely rent of iijli. p annu w*** 
▼suall covenants. 

Red. xxd. There was alsoe pduced a graunt vnder the 
per weigh, j^^^j of Walter Thomas dat. 2cy> Julij 1642 

made to Bichard Seys for digginge of coales 

in Clyn fforrest and parte of the other lands 

menconed. 

The Demeaznes of the said Maiior all inclosed land. 

John William Madocke. 

A parcell of arrable land abuttinge vppon 
Ynder-hill lane on the north, and the Mear 
lane on the west vat xiiijs. p acre . . 02 . o 01 . 08 . cx> 

Another parcell of like ground abuttinge 
vppon the Mear lane on the east and the 
leasehould of Bees Russell on the north of 
the same value . . . . 02 . o 01 . 08 . 00 

A parcell of like ground abuttinge vppon 
the leasehould of William Gitto on the 
north and the Mear lane of y® customary 
lands of John Smith on the south of the 
same value . . . . . . 02 . 2 01 . 15 . 00 

A parcell of like ground lyeinge vndivided 
from the customary hould of John Williams 
and abuttinge vppon the same on the south 
and Mulgrave land on the north of the 
same value . . . . . 01 . o 00 . 14 . 00 



^^- S. Totall . 07.02 05 . OS . 00 

3 Cap. _.-^_— ^ 

\ ^y"g' Which jpmisses the tenant houlds 

▼orke. by lease from the Earle of Wor- 

cester dat. lo Octobr. 12** Car. for 



/ 



LOBDSHIF OF GOWER: .58 

J2<f«*f <^ y* tearme of xxj^® yeares from the a. r. /$. 8. d. 

reserved, d^te under the yearely rent of $lu 

vs. att Annuii and.Mich'as^ 2 cap. 

I herr. and hearinge all taxes^ 

3 dayes worke w*^ a teame p annu 

or XX8. with vsuall covenants. 

Henry Bragge. 

A parcell of pasture ground abuttinge on 
Ynder-hill lane on the north and the tene- 
ments customary lands on the west vai zys, 
per acre . • . . . • 02 . 2 oi . i/ . o6 

A parcell of arrable ground abuttinge on 
the said land on the north and the cus- 
tomary lands of John Williams on the east 
vat xiiijs. • • ' . . ' • Oi . O OO • 14 . OO 

A parcell of meadow ground abuttinge on 
Vnderwood lane on the north and the lease- 
hould of John Madbcke on the east vat . 01 . o OO . 15 . OO 

A parcell of meadow ground lyeinge vndi- 
vided from the customary lands of Henry 
Bragge and abuttinge on the same on the 
south, and the leasehould of Mr. Lloyd on 
the north and east of like value , . 03 . o 02 . 05 . 00 



Suihe . 07 . 2 05 , 1 1 . 06 



j^^ Which ^misses the tenant houlds 

f^»- ▼'• by lease of the same date for the 

\ Cap. ' * - . ^. 

I Herr. same rent and services as the 

^ ^^^ above menconed * lease to John 

rorke. 

William Madocke. 
Bees Russell. 

• « • 

A parcell of arrable land abuttinge vppon . 
Ynder-hill land on the north and the cus- 
tomary lands of Henry Bragge on the east 
vat x». . . . . . 01 • o 00 . 10 . 00 



54 JDOSDSHIP OF oowbr; 

Renti d A parcell of arrable land abattinge yppon a. r. U. s. d. 
reserved. ^^ ^^^^ ^^^^ on the north and the Mear lane 

on the east vai xiiij<. . . . OI . O OO . 14 oo { 

A parcell of meadow ground abattinge on 
the leasehould of Henry Bragge on the 
north and Musgrave lane on the west 
yaixx^. . . . . . 01 .0 00. 15 . 00 

A parcell of like ground and adioineinge to 

the same on the south vat xys. p acre . 02 . o 01 . 10 . 00 

A parcell of arrable ground abuttinge on 
the end of Musgrave lane on the east and 
the customary lands of W™ Qitto on the 
south and of John Williams on the north 
vai XYS. p acre • . . 02 . o 01 . 10 . 00 

Eed. uijlL Which ^misses the tenant houlds 

^^•' by lease firom the Earle of Wor- 

cester dat. V Octobr. 12^ Car. for 
the tearme of xrj*^* yeares from the 
date vnder the yearely rent of iiijK. 
xviij^. with like services as before. 

Thomas Lloyd. 

A parcell of meadow grouird abuttinge on 
Musgrave lane on the east and the cus- 
tomary hould of the tenant on the north . 01 . O 00 . 15 . 00 

A parcell of like ground lyeinge vndivided 
from the customary hould of the said 
Thomas Lloyd and abuttinge on the same 
on the north and the said lane on the east . 01 . o 00 . 15 . 00 

A parcell of like ground abuttinge on 
Ynderhill lane on the norths and the way 
firom the said lane to Bragg's meadow on the 
east vat xys. p acre . . . 03 . o 02 . 05 . 00 

3 parcells of arrable land lyeinge all to- 
gether next the Castle and abuttinge vppon 
the lane from New crosse to Norton on the 



LOED8HIP OF GOWBE. 



55 



2Unt$<6 west and Vnderhill lane on the south vai a. r. It. s. d. 

reserved. xmj«. p acre . • . . 08 . O OS . 12 ; OO 



Red.zU. 

2 Cap. 
1 Herr. 

3 dayes 
worke. 



Bed. 

2 Gap. 
1 Herr. 



13.0 09.07.00 



Which ^misses the tenant houlds 
by lease from the Earleof Wor- 
cester dat. 10 Octobr., 120 Car. for 
xxi*** yeares from the date under 
the yearely rent of xli. w*** like 
services as before. 

William Gitto. 

A parcell of arrable ground abuttinge vppon 
the Mear lane on the east and the lease- 
hould of John W°^ Madocke on the north 

■ • * 

vai xiiijtf. p acre .... 

A parcell of meadow ground abuttinge 
yppon Musgrave lane on the east and the 
leasehould of William Lloyd on the north 
vai p annu xv/i. . . . 



02 . o 01 . 08 . 00 



01 .0 00, 15 .00 



A parcell of arrable land abuttinge on the 
leasehould of Henry Bragge on the east^ 
and the freehould of Co^ Jones on the south 
and the customary lands of William Bobin 
on the west . . • • 02 . o 01 . 08 . 00 



05 . o 03 . u . 00 



Which jpmisses the tenant houlds 
by lease from the Earle of Wor- 
cester dat. 1° Octobr. 12© Car. for 
xxj*** yeares from the date vnder 
the yearely rent of iijK. x$. with 
like services as before. 



I 



66 LORDSHIP OT GOWSU. 



Leasehoulders and Tenants at will. 
Rentidt Thomas Lloyd. 

Servieet . Contents VaLpf, 

reserved. A little cottage and a garden belongeinge of acres. annum. 
therevnto at a place called Cos pitt vat a. r. /t. s. d. 
ziij«. \i\]d. p anna . , • . O . o oo . 13 . 04 

Two parcells of rough ground lyeinge to- 
gether and abuttinge on Oystermouth moor 
on the north east and west^ and the lands of 
Bussy Mansell Esq' on the south vat iij«. 
per acre . . . . . 12 .0 01 . 16.00 

A parcell of rough . ground called the 
Knowles lyeinge at Longeland vat j^. y]d. 
per acre r • . • .10.000.15.00 



22 . o 03 . 04 . 04 



Which premisses the tenant claimes 
to hould by grant or lease for 
4 yeares yet to come^ but could 
not pduce any, and it is thought 
by some of the neighbourhood he 
never had any. 

There are two parcells of lands more 
whereof the one lyes at Kill Golettis and the 
other near Norton is called the Comon- 
Bushes containeinge about 4 acres which 
were not shewed to me, but the Jury psents 
them to be held by the said Thomas Lloyd 
as the Lords lands and that he. can pduce 
nothinge to make good his interest therein. 

Robert Wibborne. 

Fowr closes or parcells of arrable pasture 
and rough ground called the Bradles where- 
of two closes lye togeather and abutts vppon 
Oystermouth moor on the south and the 



Iled.iyZu 



LORDSHIP OF GOWBB» 67 

kentt a ffireehould of Richard Davies on the west, a. r. K. *• d. 
reserved, the Other two closes lye seyerally and the 

one of them abutts yppon the way from 

Wernllaeth to Oystermouth on. the north 

and the other abutts alsoe yppon the said 

way on the north and Oystermoath moor on 

the east yai iij«. iiijef. p acre • • 20 • O 03 • o6 • 08 

Which ^misses the tenant houlds by 
graunt from Walter Thomas and 
Mathew Nelson Esq** (as officers 
to the Earle of Worcester) dat. 
16*^ Julij 1638 for xxj^^yearesfrom 
the 30th of June before the date 
ynder the yearely rent of iij/e. 

John Hopkins, George Bydder, 
Henry Bragge. 

Eight parcells or closes of land lyeinge 
togeather called Bradley abuttinge yppon 
the lands of M' Walter Thomas called Cra* 
dockes moor on the west and the way from 
Wernllaeth to Oystermouth on the north 
yat iij«. iiijef. f acre . . • 40 . 06 . 13 . 04 

Which pmisses the tenants houlds 
at will. 

Thomas Bees. 

A parcell of rough ground called Bryn c6ch 
abuttinge yppon Oystermouth moor or Clyn 
moor on the east and north yat ij«. p acre . 07 . CX> . 14 • 00 

Which pmisses the tenant houlds 
at will. 

In the Lords hands. 

Two parcells of meadow, parte of Clyn 
meadow beinge moorishe land whereof one 
parte lyes ynfenced yat about ij«. p acre .13.0 01 . 06 « 00 



58 iX)RDSHIP OF GOWEB. 

JRentt <& David Griffith. a. r. lu 8. d. 

Services 

reserved. A mancon house and two parcells of meadow 
and pasture ground thereto belongeinge 
called the Headland and the Parke and 
about halfe an acre of arrable land in Norton 
field and halfe the fishinge of a wear to 
the said messuage appertaininge vat xiij^. 
iiijrf. p acre . * . . . 02 . 2 oi . 13 . 04 

Bed iijf. Which pmisses the tenant houlds 

by lease from the Earle of Wor- 
cester dat. 12® Decembr. 7* Car. 
for 99 yeares from the date deter- 
mineable vppon 3 lives vizt. Owen 
Harry, Katherine his wife and Wil- 
liam Owen, whereof W^ Owen is 
supposed to be dead, vnder the 
yearely rent of iijs. 

John Hopkins. 

Two closes of meadow ground lyeinge to- 
geather abuttinge vppon Oystermouth moor 
on the south west and north and the free- 
hould of Rees Lloyd on'the east vai xviijrf. 
p acre • • « . . 16 . o 01 . 04 . CX3 

Red. Which ^misses the tenant houlds 

at will. 

Owen William. 

A parcell of rough ground called Bryn 
c6ch abuttinge vppon Oystermouth moor on 
the east south and west and the freehould 
of Thomas Rees on the north vat ij«. vjrf. 
p acre . . . . . 06 . o 00 . 1 5 • 00 

Red. xj<f. Which ^misses the tenant houlds 

by lease from the Earlc of Wor- 
cester dat. 2i°Octobr. 30®EHz. for 



LORDSHIP OF GOWER. 69 

Bfntidb his owne life vnder the yearely a. r. li, 8, d. 

^1 rentofxjrf. 

Walter Thomas Esq^ 

A parcell of woody ground called Brock- 
holes abuttinge vppon a little brooke lead- 
inge from Mailes near ynto the sea side on 
the south and the east*and the tenants lands 
on the north west val xs. p annu . . 07 . O cx) . 10 . 00 

Red. Which pmisses the tenant houlds 

at will. 

Symon Jones. 

A parcell of meadow and arrable ground 
lyeinge near Clya fforrest and abutts vppon 
BlackepiU river on the north, and the way 
from Clyn to Sketty on the east, the fforrest 
of Clyn on the south vai viij«. p acre . 08 . o 03 . 04 . CX) 

* Which ^misses the tenant houlds 

at will. 

« 

David Thomas Rosser. 

A water grist mill called Blacke-pill mill 
lyeinge near vnto the sea side vai xij/t. 
p annu . . . .00. 012. 00. 00 

Which pmisses the tenant houlds 
by agreement between him and 
the Earle of Worcester for the 
tearme of xxj**® yeares to begin 
from the 5 th of November 1639 
vnder the yearely rent of xli. and 
xx/». fine. 

I saw not the said agreement, but it was 
rctourned by the Jury. 



60 LORDSHIP OF QOWBR. 



The Freehoolders of tlie said Mannor witli the Bents 

they pay. 

I conceaye all these acres foUowinge are Welsh acres. 

NOTTAGM Contenti Valpr, 

of acres, annum, 

Co" Fhillipp Jones for 20 acres of land at a. r. It. «. d. 

a place called Nottage . . . 20 . o CX) . cX) . lO 

Jenkin Bowen for a messuage and lands at 

Nottage . . . . 04 . o 00 . cx> . 07 

Joan Givelin for a cottage and garden there. CX> . O 00 • 00 . Oi 

John Clement for lands at Nottage • 01 . o 00 . 00 . oo^l 

NEWTON. 

Walter Thomas Esq^ for lands at Newton 

late Bichard Tovy's . . • 08 . o 00 . 00 . 04 

The same for lands at Newton late Bees 

Busseirs . • • .06.000.00.04 

John Bussell for a barne there and \ of an 

acre of land' • • . .00.0 00. 00. 01^ 

William Ffranklen for a messuage and 

lands there . . . . 08 . o 00 . 00 • 06 

Dauid Gibbs Esq' for lands there • 01 • 2 00 . 00 . 04 

The same for lands there in the possession 

of John Bobin . • . • 03 . o 00 • 00 . 02 

The same for a cottage and garden there 

in the possession of Dauid Bach . 00 . O 00 . 00 . 01 

The same for a cottage and garden there in 

the possession of Hugh Gamon . 00 . o 00 . 00 . Oi| 

Bees Lloyd for a messuage and lands there 00 . o 00 . 02 • 00 
William Edwards, Gierke in jure uxris for 

a messuage and lands there in the pos- 
session of Bees Lloyd . • . 00 . o 00 . 00 . 04 
George Bydder for lands there • . 05 . o 00 . 00 . 05 
John Bobin for lands there • .10.2 00 . 00 . 04 
Phillipp Frees for a cottage and a garden 

there • . • . .00.0 00.00.01^ 



JiORDSHIP OF QOWSB, 61 

John Morgan for a cottage and a garden a. r. lu s. d. 
there • . • . • oo.o (X>.oo.ooj- 

NOBTON. 

Thomas Lloyd for lands at Norton • 02 . o oo • oo • 02 

Charles Lloyd and Robert Bydder for a 

house and lands there • « • cx> . 2 00 . 00 . 01 

John Madocke for lands there • • cx) • 2 cx> . cx) • ooi 

GO WEB CB08SE. 

Charles Lloyd and Robert Bydder for a 

messuage and lands at Gower Crosse . 10 . o 00 • OQ . 03 

VNDEBHILL. 

John Williams for lands near Ynderhill • 00 • i 00 • 00 • oo|^ 

DUNNES. 

William Madocke for lands at Dunnes • 01 • o 00 00 • 02 
William Edwards in the right of his wife 

the reverSon to George Bydder for lands 

at Ffistleboon • . . •0.000.03.00 

Thomas Clement for lands there • • 02 . o 00 . 00 . 02 

John Harry for lands there • • 01 • o 00 • 00 • 02 

William Robin for lands and halfe a wear 

there « • . • • 01 . o 00 . 00 . 01 

NOBTON. 

Anne Dodington widdow for lands at 

Norton « . . • « 02 • O 00 . 00 . 07^ 

Richard Dauids for lands adioineinge to 

Broadly lands • . • • 00 . i 00 • 00 . oo^ 

Dauid Mathew for a fishinge wear . 00 . o 00 . 00 . 06 

FISTLEBOON. 

Griffith Rosser for lands at Ffistleboon , 02 • o 00 . 00 . OI 

Thomas Lloyd for lands there • • 00 . 3 00 . 00 . 02 

Abraham Watkins for a par cell of land . . 01 . o 00 . 00 • oo^ 

John Lewis for a parcell of land . . 01 • O 00 . 00 . 00^ 



6S LORDSHIP OF GOWER* 

There is the free rents of v«. pd by the a. r. /t. s. d. \ 
heires of S' Lewis Mansell, S' George 
Vaughan, John Dodington, Henry Man- 
sell and Morgan Cradocke Esq" for 
certain lands which they hould of the 
said Manner but the particulars not yet 
discovered . . • .00.000. 05. oo 

Totall . 00.17.04 



The Customary houlders of the said Manner with the 

Rents they pay. 

NOTTAQE. ConUntB Vai.pr. 

of acres. annum. 

Co" Phillipp Jones for a messuage and a, r. li, 8. d. 
lands and one fishinge wear at Nottage 23 . o 00 . 06 . 09^ 

FFISTLEBOON. 

The said Co" Jones for a house and garden 

at Ffistleboon . . . . 00 . o 00 . OO. 01 

NORTON. 

Bussy Mansell Esq^ for lands at Colts hill 

and Norton . , . . 04 . o 00 . 03 . 04 

NEWTON 

Walter Thomas Esq^ for a messuage and 

lands at Newton . . . 27 . o 00 . 16 . 10 

The said Walter Thomas for another mes- 
suage and lands at Newton . • 02 . o 00 . Oi • 1 1 

The same for lands at Newton . . 01 . o 00 . 00 . 06 

BLACKEPILL. 

The same for a messuage and lands at 

Blackepill *. . . . 12 . o 00 , 08 . 00 

BEAT 

The same for a messuage and lands at Beat 07 . o 00 . 02 . 04 



LOBDSHIF OF GOWER. 63 

BLACKEPILL. a. r. It. s. d. 

The same for lands at Black epill . . Oi . o 

WHITSTONE. 

The same for lands at Whitstone . . 04 . o 00 . 01 . 04 

FFISTLEBOON. 

The same for a messuage and lands at 

Ffistleboon • . . . 09 . o 00 . 10 . 05 

NEWTON. 

Dauid Gibbs Esq'' for a messuage and 

lands at Newton . . . 09 . i 00 . 07 . 03 

The same for a barne there . . 00 • o 00 . 00 . 02 

The same for a cottage and garden there . 00 . o 00 . 00 . 04 

GO WEB'S CBOSSE. • . 

The same for a messuage and lands at 

Gower's crosse . - . . 24 . o 00. 16 .00 

MA YALLS. 

Katherine Price widdow for a messuage 

and lands at Mayalls . . . 35 . o 00 . 1 1 . 05 

Edward Mansell Gent, for a messuage and 

lands at Mayalls and halfe a wear . 09 . o 00 . 05 . oo^ 

BLACKEPILL. 

■ * • • 

The same for a messuage and lands at 

Blackepill . . . . 05 . o 00 • 01 . 08 

Evan Seys Esq"^ for halfe a wear . . 00 . o 00 . 00 . 02 

NEWTON. 

Rees Lloyd for lands at Newton . . 09 . o 00 . 00 . 06 

Henry Bragg fol: lands at Newton . 15.0 00. 14. 01 

NOBTON. 

» 

The same for a messuage and lauds and 

halfe a wear at Norton . . . 05 • o 00 . 13 . 11 



64 LORDSHIP OF GOWBR. 

Thomas Lloyd for a messuage and lands at a. r. li, s. d. 
Norton. . . . . 15 . i cx>, 14.00 

NEWTON. 

The same for a messuage and lands at 

Newton . . . . 05 . 2 00 . 05 . 06 

John William Russell for a cottage • 00 • I 00 . 00 . 03 

NOTTAGE. 

Jenkin Bowen for lands at Nottage . 09 . o 00 . 06 . 02 

John Clement for a messuage and lands at 

Nottage . . . . 10 . o 00. 10 . 02 

William Griffith for a messuage and lands 

at Nottage . . • . 12 .0 00. 08 .04 

John Russell for a cottage there . . 00 . o 00 . 00. 02 

The same for another messuage and lands 

there * • . . . 10 . o 00 . 07 . 08 

NEWTON. 

Avice Smith widdow for lands at Newton 03 . 2 00 . 02 . 04 
William Smith for a messuage and lands 

there . . • • . 05 . o 00 . 03 . 00 

William Ffranklen for lands at Newton . 06 . o 00 . 04 . 00 
Anne William for a messuage and lands at 

Newton . . . • . 08 . o 00 . 1 1 . 04 

Robert Griffith for lands at Newton . 04 . o 00 . 03 . 02 

Owen William and Thomas Holand for a 

cottage there • . • . 00 . o 00 . 00 . 02 

Bees Russell for lands and halfe a wear 

there • • • • . 00 . 2 00 . 00 . 06 

HIGHLAND. 

Russell Dauid for a messuage and lands at 

Highland * . • • 07 . 00 . 03 . 04 

NEWTON. 

John Robin for a messuage and lands and 

a quarter of a wear at Newton . • 08 . 2 00 . 07 . 04 

Thomas Tovy for lands . . . 07 . o 00 . 05 . 08 



LOKDSHIP OF GOWER. 65 

Anne Woolcocke for a messuage and lands a, f; li. 8. d, 

at Newton . . . 02 . o oo . oi . 04 

Nicholas Hodge for a cottage at Newton . 00 . o 06 . 00 . 03 

Dauid Bach for lands there • . 02 . o cx> . 01 • 04 

John Smith for a messuage and lands at 

Newton . . , . . 07 . o cx) . 04 . 04 

William Watkin for a messuage and lands 

there • . • . . 04 . 00 . 02 . 08 

Matthew Hamon for a messuage and lands 

there . . . . . 04 . o 00 . 02 . 08 

William Bobin for a cottage and lands 

there • . . .01.2 00.01 ,01^ 

John Bobin for a cottage there . . 00 . o 00 . 00 . 04 

John Bowen for lands there . • 09 . o 00 . 04 . 10 

The same for lands on the west side of 

Clyne . . . . . 04 . o 00 » 01 . 04 

William Wibborne for lands there . 02 . o 00 . 00 . 08 

William Woolcocke for a messuage and 

lands at Newton . • 03 . o 00 . 02 . 06 

C0ULT8 HILL. 

Charles Lloyd and Bobert Bydder for a 
messuage and lands and halfe a wear at 
Coults hill . . .18.000.12.11 

NORTON. 

George Bobin for a messuage and lands 

and halfe a wear at Norton .17.0 00. 16.08 

John William for two messuages and lands 

and halfe a wear there . . • 27 . o 01 . 04 . 00^ 

The same John for lands late William 

Boughen • . . . 01 . o 00 . 01 . 03 

John Madocke for a cottage and lands at 

Norton . . . . .00.200.00.06 

BOARSPITT. 

John Thomas Bees for a messuage and 

lands and a wear and halfe at Boarspitt. 25.0 00 . 14 . 06 

K 



66 LORDSHIP OF OOWER. 

Avice Bragg for lands at Boarspitt and a. r. U. 8, d. 

Norton . . . . . 09 . o oo . 05 . 06 

Richard Hamon for a wear • • cx> . o 00 . 00 . 04 

MAYALLS. 

John Jenkin for a messuage and lands at 

Mayalls . . . . . 03 . 00 . Oi . 02 

William Robin for lands there . 03 . o 00 . 01 . 02 

BLACKPILL. 

Mathew Dauid for lands at Blackpill . 01 . o 00 . 00 . 06 

NORTON. 

John Madocke for lands at Norton . 03 . o 00 . 02 . 00 

WHIT8T0NE. 

John Bees for lands at Whitstone . . 01 . o 00 . 00 . 08 

Morgan Lloyd for a fishinge wear . • . . . 

DUNNES. 

William Madocke for a messuage and lands 

and halfe a wear at Dunnes • . 02 . 2 00 . 02 . 06 

Hugh Griffith for a cottage and garden 

there . . . . . 00.0 00.00.02 

Thomas Perkins for a cottage and garden 

there . . . . . 00 • o 00 . 00 . 01 

William Edwards in the right of his wife, 

the revercon to George Bydder for lands 30 . o 01 . 00 . 01 

FFISTLEBOON. 

Thomas Clement for lands at Ffistleboon . 10 • o 00 . 07 . 01 
George Robin for a messuage and lands 

there and a quarter of a wear . . 06 . o 00 . 05 . 08 

John William for a messuage and lands 

at Ffistleboon and halfe a wear and a 

quarter of a wear . . . 09 . o 00 . 08 . 04 

Thomas Dowl for a messuage and lands at 

Ffistleboon . . 05 . o 00 • 04 . 09 



L0BD8HIP OF GOWER. 67 

DUNNES. a. r. U. s. d. 

John Madocke for a house and garden at 

Dunnes* • • • • oo.o cx^.oo.oi^ 

John Lewis for a cottage and garden at 

Newton . . . . . oi . o 00 . oi . 02 

William Robin for an house and lands at 

Ffistleboon . • . • 01 . o 00 . 01 • 06 

Gwenllian Bowen widdow for lands at 

Vnderhill in the possession of John 

Madocke . . . • 01 . o 00 . 01 . 03 

William Bobin for a house and lands at 

Ffistleboon . . . . 17.0 00. 12 .01 

Owen Meyricke for a cottage at Blackepill 00 . o 00 . 00 . 02 
Griffith Bosser for lands at Ffistleboon and 

a wear • • . . . 02 . o 00 . 02 . 08 

Anne Gwillim and Ellen Gwillim for 

lands at Ffistleboon • . . 0$ . o 00 . 05 . 10 

John Woolcocke for a messuage and lands 

there and halfe a wear • • . 02 . 2 00 . 01 . 08 



Every ffreehoulder if he dye vppon his 
freehould is to pay an herryott vizt. his 
best beast^ and if he hath none then y«. in 
money^ and if he dye out of his freehould 
he is to pay y«. for an herryott, and ys, for 
an herryott vppon alienacon if he alien all 
his freehould within the Lo^p, and if the 
tenant hath severall freehoulds and dye 
seized he payes but an herryott for all; 
they pay noe relieffes. 

The customary tenants claime by the virdge 
to them and theire heires and pay like 
herryotts vppon death and alienacon, as 
the freehould tenants, and are to grind at 
the Lord's mill all the corne that shall 



68 IiOBDSHIF OF OOWBB. 

grow and be spent upon the customary a. r. K, $. d. 
lands. 

The tenants claimes comon for all manor 
of cattle sans number in these wast groundes 
foUowinge vizt. Clyn moor. Mumble Cliffl;, 
west Clifit, Summer Cliff);, and Nprtpn 
burroughes, find that the inhabitants of 
Mansellfield Morton and Oyst^rmouth in- 
tercomon in the said Clyn moor. 

The key of Mumbles (within the said Lopp) 
hath a custom payable by strangers vizt. 
for every atone of wooll there laden and 
vnladen oS, for every boatload cattle iiij</. 
for every tun of iron ijc7. and alsoe killage. 

The Lord hath a quarry of limestones in 
the comon or wast ground called Mumble 
CMk which may be worth to be lett p 
annu x/». 



THE MANNOR OF PENARD 
a member of the Seignory of Qower. 

The Boundaries of the said Lo^p and the fees of Lonon, Kittle, 

and Trewythva thereto belongeinge. 

The Manner of Fenard extendeth to the sea on the south 
parte, to a brooke called Povenant and a wood named Fairwood 
on the north y and containes in length about 2 miles and a halfe 
from Penards pill on the west, to Puldie river on the east, and 
breadth about halfe a mile. 

The ffee of Kittle extendeth to the late Bishop's lands on the 
east, to the ffee of Lunnon and Trinity well on the west, to a 
place called Monke lake on the north, and to a place called the 
Sheep wash on the south, containinge in length from Monke 
lake to the Sheep wash three quarters of a mile, in breadth 
from the said late Bishopps lands to Trinity well halfe a mile. 



LORDSHIP OF OOWBK. . 69 

The ffee of Lonnon lyeth within the seyerall parishes of 
Illston, Penmaiae and Lanridian^ and extendeth from the old 
Parke ditch at the marsh near the mill on the sonthj to a parcell 
of land called Brynn gwase^ and the river of Lonnon on the 
norths and containes in length about a mile, and in breadth the 
same reacheth from Walterston field on the west vnto Trinity 
well. 

The £fee of Trewythva lyes within the parish of Langevelach 
and reacheth to a brooke leadinge from Ffynnon Derry to Tawe 
on the north, and the lands of William Dauid Vaughan on the 
west, the brooke runneinge from Treboth to Tawe on the 
south, and the river Tawe on the east 

The Scite of the said Manner. 

The Castle of Penard was anciently the scite thereof but now 
there remaines but parte of the mines, and by old survays the 
demeazne lands are affirmed to lye between the old Church and 
the said Castle, and thence extendinge to Penards bridge and 
to the cliffes but now the said lands are wholly besanded by 
meanes of the neamesse thereof vnto the sea and rendred allto- 
geather vnprofitable, lyeinge open as comon. 

Parke le Bruce or Parke Price lyeinge neare vnto the 

said Castle. 

The said Parke lyeinge in length east and west abutts vppon 
the lane leadinge from Nott hills towards Parke mill on the 
east and parte of the south, and vppon the hill called K.even. 
brinn and Monken wood on the south and parte of the wes , 
the lands of M' Price on the west and north, and the customary 
lan4 of Pengwern on the north and east. 

Containeth about 5CX) stat acres and hath a longetime been 
disparked and divided into 3 partes which are farmed 
out vnto severall tenants as foUoweth. 

M' Richard David now Lewis David. 

A mandon house and one orchard parte a. r. *»- 
of the said Parke called by the name of 
Longe oakes and the green splott beinge 



70 LORDSHIP OF GOWBR. 

RenU df Cottfento Vol. p^. 

Services most of it arrablc ground and lyes about the of acres. annum, 
reserved, gj^^j house on the east end of the said parke a. r. It s. d. 
vaJ xxxvjK. xiijs. iiijd. p annii . . 00 • o 36 . 13 • 04 

^d. 36K. Which Smisses were lett by the 

ISf. Old, 

a Cap. ' Earle of Worcester by his lease 

^ ^®"' bearinge date 2° Martij 7® Car. vnto 

Lewis Dauid for the tearme of xxj**® 

yeares to begin from 1° Jan. before 

the date under the yearely rent of 

xxxyjU. xiij«. iiijd. at Annufi and 

Mich'as 2 cap. i herryott^ and to 

pay all taxes^ and covenants not to 

cutt down or tapp any oake ash or 

elme^ nor lett without licence^ with 

other vsuall covenants. 

Edward Price, Gent. 

Another mancon house called Parke Price 
house, with a third parte of the said Parke 
lyeinge about the said house beinge arrable 
pasture and rough ground and in the midst 
of the parke of like value with the former . 00 . o 36 . 13 . 04 

Red. 86K. Which ^misses the tenant houlds 

i.Sj.cMd. fron^ ^g Earle of Worcester by 

1 Herr. lease of the same date rents ser- 

vices and covenants and for the 
same tearme as the former. 

Jenkin Franklen Esq^ 

Another mancon house called Lytherid and 
the lands adioineinge, beinge the third parte 
of the said Parke lyeinge at the west there- 
of, like ground and value with the former . 00 . o 36 . 13 . 04 

-, , o^,. Which Smisses the tenant houlds 

Bed. S62t. 1 -r^ 1 n tTT « 

I3f. 044. from the Earle of Worcester by 

iHwr. lease of the same date rents ser- 

vices and covenants and for the 
same tearm as the former. 



LORDSHIP OF QOWSB. 71 

Renu dt The Parke mills lett to Lewis Dauid^ Ed- a. r. It. s. d. 
Tuerv^. ward Price, Jenkin Ffranklen. 

LONNON. 

Two water grist mills called the Parke 
mills lyeinge near vnto the said parke vat 
p annu xv/t. . . . . , QO.o i$ .00.00 

Which pmisses the tenant houlds 
of them a third parte leased to them 
by the leases before mendoned to- 
geather with the Parke and in- 
cluded in the rent thereby reseryed 
but I conceive that the parke with- 
out the mills may be worth the 
severall rents above reserved for it. 

The Vpper and Lower "Willoxtons. 

Lyson David. 

Two tenem^ now vnited into one consist- 
inge of an house, barne, outhouses and 
yeards vai zb. p annu . • CXD . o 02 . CXD . 00 

A close of arrable abuttinge vppon the said 

house on the north, three severall closes of 

arrable lyeinge togeather with the same vizt. 

the west close, the quarry close, the 2 acre 

close, the new close, the ashen pitts, the 

Carne close, and the head close 8«. p acre . 40 . o 16 . 00 . 00 

A close of arrable abuttinge vppon the head 
close on the west and those severall closes 
of like land lyeinge togeather vizt. the 
Hitscheckes, a parcell of arrable and woody 
ground, the middle furlonge, the vpper 
Brewer and lower Brewer, the old close, 
and the quarry close vai viij«. p acre . 30 • o 12 . 00 . 00 

A close of arrable called the Camgree abut- 
tinge vppon the mancon house and yeard 
on the south, and two other closes of arrable 



72 LORDSHIP OF QOWER. 

Renu dt abutUnge vppon the Parke way on the east a. r. &'. 8, d. 
re$erwd. ^^ ^^^^ value . . . . 14 . O 05 . 12 . OO 

4 parcells of meadow ground in Lytherid 

mead vai iiijs, per acre . . • 10 . o 02 . 00 . 00 



94,0 37.12.00 



2Cap!"* Which pmisses the tenant houlds 

1 Herr. by lease from the Earle of Wor- 

cester dat. 7^ Febr. 8® Caroli for 
the tearme of 99 yeares determin- 
able vppon 3 lives vi£t. the said 
Leyson Dauid^ Mathew Dauid and 
John Dauid vnder the yearely rent 
of x/i. 2 capons i herryott. 

There is returned by the Jury a meadow called Ynis and cer- 
tain parcells of pasture and rough ground containinge about 
10 acres as a parte of the said tenem^ lett by the lease before 
menconed but I had noe notice of that when I was vppon the 
place. 

John Rees. 

Two tenem*" called by the name of Inn lease 
and Whitewells consistinge of 3 closes of 
arrable and pasture land lyeinge togeather 
abuttinge vppon Willoxton land on the east 
and north vat iij«. iiijef. p acre . . 08 . o 01 . 06 . 08 

Severall other parcells of like ground lye- 
inge togeather between Willoxton's lane and 
Lonnon lane on the east and west thereof 
and Willoxton farme and Lunnon moor also 
Fengwerne on the north and south thereof 
of the same value . . 44 . o 07 . 06 . 08 

Two closes of like land with the former 
lyeinge on the other side of Lonnon lane 
and abuttinge on the said lane on the west^ 



LOBDSHIP OF GOWER. 73 

iiimu d and the said Lonnon moor on the north of a. r. It, s, d. 

reserved. ^^ value . . . .08.OOI.o6.o8 



60.0 10.00.00 



Red. xx«. Which ^misses the tenant faoulds 

by graunt from Co^ Jones dat. 2& 
November 1649 for xxj**® yeares to 
begin from the 29^ of September 
before the date vnder the yearely 
rent of xx«« and payinge 45/*. for 
a fine. 

M' Edward Price. 

Two cottages lyeinge near vnto the Parke 
mills and two closes of pasture ground lye- 
inge next vnto one of the said cottages 
whereof one is called the old Close contain- 
inge about 3 acres at iij«. iiijc^. p acre and 
the other containes about 2 acres^ beinge a 
hilly peece of ground adioininge to the said 
cottage and of the same value with the other 05 . o 01 . 10 . 00 

A parcell of meadow ground lyeinge near 
the said mills abutt^ vppon the river on the 
east and the fireehould of M' Dauids on the 
south vai xiij«. iiijd, f acre . . 02 . o 01 . 06 . 08 

A close of wooddy rough ground abuttinge 
vppon Rewedens lane on the north and 
south vat iij8. iiijd. p acre . . . 01 . 2 00 . 05 . 00 

A parcell of like ground abutt^ vppon Killy- 
willy's grove on the east and west vai njs. 
iiijd p acre . • . 01 . 2 00 . 05 • 00 



10 . o 03 . 06 . 08 



Bed. z«. Which pmisses the tenant houlds 

I ^•P; by lease from the Earle of Wor- 

cester dat. V Apr. 8^ Car. for the 



74 ' LORDSHIP OF GOWBR. 

Rmtidt tearmeofzxj^^yeares to begin from a. r. /$. s. d. 

res^fv^. *^® ^*^® vnder the yearely rent of 

X8. att Annufi and Mich'as 2 capons 

i^ Jan. with vsuall covenants. 

George Harry. 

A parcell of meadow ground lyeinge in the 
parish of listen and abuttinge vppon 
Lonnon moor on the east and north and the 
tenement on the south vat yiij«. the acre . 02 . o 00 . 16 . 00 

jj Cgp'* Which ^misses the tenant houlds 

1 Herr. by lease from the Earle of Wor- 

cester dat. i^ Octobr. 5® Car. for 
the tearme of xx}^ yeares Tnder 
the yearely rent of iij«. iiijd. 2 cap. 
I herr. with ysuall covenants. 

TREWYTHVA. 

Thomas Jones. 

A parcell of meadow ground abuttinge 
vppon the river Tawey on the south east 
and the freehould of William Thomas on 
the west called by the name of Morva'r 
Arlwydd vat p acre . . . 03 . 2 03 . 01 . cx) 

"Bed. Which ^misses the tenant houlds 

^«- ^^' T,y lease from the Earle of Wor- 

cester dat. 120 Apr 8^ Car. for the 

tearme of xxj^® yeares from the 

dute vnder the yearely rent of 

• • • « . 

Uja. Y8. 

Thomas Jones. 

Two water grist mills the one called Braine's 
mill lyeinge in the parish of Lansamlett 
(assigned by the 2^ lease to W°^ Thomas 
Esq') the other called the Little mill also 
Melin vach lyeinge next the high way from 
Trewythva to Swanzey and about halfe an 



LORDSHIP OF GOWBR. 75 

acre of land thereto belongeinge vat the a. r. A'* «. d^ 
Little mill iiij/i . p annu . . . oo • 2 04 . 00 . (X) 

(Vide Survay of Kilvey for Braice's mill.) 

Which pmisses the tenant houlds 
by lease made by the Earle of Wor- 
cester to John Dauid his father 
dat I2« Apr. 8<> Car. for xxj*^« 
yeares from the date vnder the 
yearely rent of yij/t . but noe lease 
pduced. 

There is a close of land called the Rye close, 
psented by the Jury to belonge to the 
Manno aforesaid, in the possession of Jenkin 
Ffranklen Esq' by lease for the yearely rent 
of Yj«. which I had not notice of when I was 
yppon the place to my knowledge. 



PENABD. 

.The names of the Customary Tenants of the said Manner 

with the severall rents they pay. 

George Bowen gent, for a messuage and a. r. U. s. d. 

lands called Green lane . . . 38 . o 01 . 06 . 06 

The same for a messuage and lands called 

Hounce • . . . • 39 . o 01 . 06 . 00 

John Griffith for a messuage and lands at 

Highway . • . . 42 . o 01 . 12 • 00 

Henry Gainon for a messuage and lands at 

Norton . . . 21 . o 00 • 13 • 10 

John Dauid for a messuage and lands called 

Broadway • . 21 . 2 00 . 14 . 04 

John Knayth for parte of a tenem* of lands 

called . . . • 00 . 04 . 08 

John Bydder the elder for parte of a mes- 
suage and lands at Southcott . .13.2 00.09.00 
John Bydder the younger for the other 

parte of the same . . . 07 . o 00 . 04 . 08 



76 LORDSHIP OF OOWBR. 

M' George Bydder for a messuage and a. r. lu s. d. 

lands at Southcott . . . 13 . 2 cx>.09.oo 

Thomas Lucas in iure yxoris for a messuage 

and lands at Southcott . . . 42 o 01 . 08 . 02 

Robert Ffranklen in iure vxoris Robert 

Bydder for a messuage and lands at 

Highway . . . . 41 . 2 01 .07. qS 

John Mathew Dauid for a messuage and 

lands at Jones's grove . • . 30 O 01 • 00 . 00 

Avice Bynon for a messuage and lands 

called Bynon . . . oS . O CX) . 05 . 04 

Katherin Watkin and Elizabeth Watkin for 

a messuage and lands at Southcott . 82 • o 00 . 05 . 08 

Dauid John for a messuage and lands at 

Southcott . • • • 06.0 00.04.02 

William Ase for a messuage and a croft . 00 . o 00 . 00 . 01 
Dauid John Dauid for a messuage and a 

small croft . . • . 00 . o 00 . 00 . 02 

Richard Bydder for a messuage and lands at 

Southcott . . . . 20 . I 00 . 13 . 04 

Griffith Smith for a messuage and lands at 

Southcott . . . . • 07 . o 00 • 04 . 09 

Mathew Dauid for a tenem^ and lands at 

Heal . . . . . 1 1 . o 00 . 07 . 08 

William Watkin for land in Furzey close 

and at Short land . . . 01 . 3 00 . 00 . 08 

Bussy Mansell Esq' for a tenem^ and lands 

at Heal . . . . . 1 1 . o 00 . 07 . 08 

Rowland Dawkins Esq' for lands near 

Fenards moor . . ' . . 03 . o 00 . 02 . 02 

Richard Jones for a messuage and lands at 

High Penard . . 07 . 2 00 . 05 . 02 

John Jenkin Gamon for a messuage and 

lands at High Penard . . . 04 • 2 00 . 02 . 08 

William Dawkin for a messuage and lands 

there . . . . ,00.2 00 .00.06 

John Evan Gamon for a messuage and 

lands there . . 12 .0 00.08 .00 



LORDSHIP OF GOWBR. 77 

William Button for a parte of a messuage a, r. &*. s, d. 

and a small croft . • . • OO • o 00 . 00 . Oi 
Elizabeth Hopkin widdow for a tenem^ and 

lands . . • • • 03 • 2 OO . 02 . 04 

John Clement for a messuage and lands . 00 . i 00 . 00 . 02 
Anne Batcocke widdow for a messuage and 

a croft • . . • • 00 . o 00 . 00 . 01 

John Jones for a small croft . . 00 . o 00 . 00 . 02 
Elizabeth Cradocke widdow for a messuage 

and lands • • . • 00 . 2 00 . 00 . 04 

Rowland Thomas for a messuage and lands 00 • 2 00 . 00 . 04 



LONNON. 

Customary rents there. 

Morgan Harry for a messuage and lands . 
John Daniell for a messuage and lands 
William Harry in iure uxoris the reyertion 

to Jenett Steven and Mary Steven her 

daughter for a tenem^ and lands • 
Thomas Bichard for a messuage and lands . 14 . o 
John Austin for a messuage and lands 
Margarett Hamon widdow for a messuage 

and lands .... 

John Harry for a tenem^ . 
Dauid Morgan for a tenem^ and lands in 

iure vxoris the reverSon after his decease 

to John Austin • • . . 

The customary heires of Henry Gamon for 

a tenem^ called Bydders land 
The like heires of John W" John for Carders 

mead ..... 
Griffith Beynon for a messuage and lands . 
Bichard Bowen and Thomas Bowen for a 

tenem^ and lands .... 
Bichard Dauid for 2 messuages and lands . 
Henry Fflemminge for a messuage and lands 02 . o 
The same for a way to Wimlod 







13 


. 18, 


.04 


38. 


.0 


01 . 


,07, 


.06 


27. 





00 . 


19. 


07 


12, 


.0 


00. 


.09. 


OS 


14 


.0 


00, 


. 10. 


.06 


34. 


.0 


01 . 


.04. 


.00 


08. 


.0 


00. 


.04. 


. 10 


01 , 


. 2 


00 


.01 . 


.02 


04. 





00. 


03. 


.00 


07. 


.0 


00. 


.07. 


.00 


02, 


.0 


00. 


.01 . 


.00 


58 


.0 


01 


.09, 


.06 


21 


.0 


00 


.14 


.02 


52 


.0 


01 


,05 


.02 


02 


.0 


00 


.01 


.04 


00 


.0 


00 


.00 


.02 



78 LORDSHIP OF GOWER. 

Hugh Clement for a messuage and lands in a. r. U. s. d, 

iurevxoris descendable to. William Harry 

her Sonne . . , . i6 . o oo • 09 . o6 

The same William Harry for another tenem^. 13.0 00 . 08 . 02 
George Lucas the younger for a messuage 

and lands • . . . 48 . o 01 . 1 1 . 04 

George Harry for a messuage and lands .53. 01. 15. 04 

William Webb for a messuage and lands .12.0 00 . 08 . 06 
Thomas Bowen for a messuage and lands at 

Ffurzehill . . , .18.000.11.08 

Leyson Dauid for a messuage and lands .15.0 00 . 1 1 . 03 

John Bees for a messuage and lands . 16.0 00 . 10 . 08 



15 .04.08 



These lands followinge beinge now lease- 
hould were formerly customary lands within 
the Fee of Lonnon and besides the farme 
rent continue still theire customary rents 
vizt. 

Leyson Dauid for 2 messuages and lands at 

Willoxton . . . . 90. O 02. 15. 00 

Edward Price gent, for an house and lands 00 . o 00 . 02 . 00 
John Bees for lands called the Inn lease of 

Whitewell . . . . 00. o Oi .00 . 00 

There are more freehoulders within the 
Manner of Penard and ffee of Lonnon w^ 
pay theire rents and duties to the Englishery 
of Gower and are there menconed. 

KITTLE. 

Customary rents there. 

George Bowen for a messuage and lands .81.0 02 . 17 * 00 
John Bowen gent, for a messuage and a 

croft • . . . . 00 . o 00 . 00 • 02 

George Griffith for a messuage and lands . 10 . o 00 . 07 . 01 



LORDSHIP OF QOWBR. 79 

a. r. It. 8. d. 

John Parry for a messuage and lands . 10.2 00 • 07 . 00 

Robert Gamon for a tenem^ . . 02 . o cx) . 01 . 04 



03 . 12 . 07 



Free rents there. 

George Bowen gent, for divers parcells of 

lands called Kitthill . . • cx> . o 00 . 00 . 06 

The same for several tenem*" and a mill - 00 . o 00 . 02 . 07 
The same for lands called Ynis land . 00 • o 00 • 00 • 1 1^ 
M' Robert Ffranklen for a messus^e and '* 

lands in the hands of William Morrice . 00 . o 00 . 00 . 04 
Rowland Dawkins Esq' for a tenem^ and 

lands . . . . • 00 . o 00 . 01 . 06 

Jenkin Gronow for a messuage and lands 

in the occupaSon of Robert Ffranklen . 00 . o 00 . 02 . 06 
George Bydder for parte of a messuage 

and lands at PwU y slogy . . 00 • o 00 • 00 • 04^ 

Robert Bydder for the other parte of the 

said messuage and tenem^ . • 00 . o 00 . 00 . 04^ 

Harry Bowen for a parcell of land lyeinge 

in the greate breach . • . 00 . o 00 . 01 . oii 

00 . 10 . 03i 



TBJEWYTHVA. 

Customary rents there. 

Thomas Popkins for a tenem^ called Tir 

Morice John • . . . 00 . o 00 . 05 . 09 

Morgan Dauid for a tenem^ and lands . 00 . o 00 . 07 . 03 
Thomas John for a tenem^ called Tir Tnis 

Howell . . . . . 00 . o 00 . 03 . 03 

The heires of John Dodington Esq' for a 

tenem^ called Tir Hopkin Edmond . 00 . o 00 . 02 . 08 
John Ffranklen for a tenem^ and land^ . 00 . o 00 . 08 . 08 
Mathew Williams in iure vxoris for a 

tenem^ . . . 00 . o 00 . 10 . 06 



80 LORDSHIP OF 60WER. 

a, r. /»• 8. d 
John Landecke for a tenem^ . .00.0 00 . 05 . 03 

Thomas Williams in iure yxoris for a tenem^ 

called Cwm y gelly . . . 00 . o 00 . 04 . 06 

Hopkin John for a tenem^ called Tir 7 

doynaw . • ^ .00.000.00.09 

Thomas Williams in iure vxoris for a tenem^ 

called Tir y doynaw • . . 00 . o 00 . 00 . 09 

M athew Ffranklen for a parcell of meadow 

called Errow William . . . 01 . o 00 . 01 . 00 

The wife of Morgan Rosser for a parcell of 

meadow called Wain gron • . 00 . o 00 . 00 . 05 



06. 13 .07 



PENARD MANOR. 

The tenants there claime comon sans num- 
ber in two parcells of wast ground for all 
manner of cattle vizt. in Fenard clift^ for 
which the inhabitants pay xiii«. iiijef. p annu^ 
and Penard's moor for which the inhabitants 
of Fenard and Kittle pay xiij«. iiijcf. p annu, 
and the inhabitants of Bishopston intef- 
comon with them vppon Fenards moor^ and 
in lieu thereof they pay the said ziij«. iiijcf. 
for the inhabitants of Fenard and Kittle ; 
there is alsoe another comon called Fenard's 
Burrows, wherein the inhabitants have 
comon as aforesaid, but the same is now 
for the most parte oyerspred with sand. 

LONNON MOOR, 

There is another comon belongeinge to the 
said Manner called Lonnon moor where the 
tenants claime comon as in the other comons, 
but complain that they were debarred thereof 
by the late Lord. 

The tenants owe suit to the mills of the said 



tORDSHIF OF OOWER. 31 

Mannor called the Parke mills for all the 
corne which is grown and spent yppon theire 
lands. 

All the Royaltyes within the said Mannor as waifes estrayes 
wrecks of the sea doe belonge ynto the Lord, and there are 
2 Courts leet twice a yeare vizt. after May and Mich'as within 
the said Mannor^ and the Jury at every Leet are to psent the 
names of 2 customary tenants within every fee^ whereof the 
steward is to swear one to be bayliffe or reeve of the said 
Manno for that yeare^ and every ffreehoulder ought to appear 
at the leet or may be amerced vjd,, and the customary tenants 
ought to appear at the Court Baron or may be amerced iijd. 

The Customary tenants of the said Manno hould theire lands 
by the virge or rod^ whereby all the said land doe passe from 
one to another, and there are noe copyhoulders within the 
said Mannor, and the said customary tenants may in person or 
by atturney surrender the said lands in Court into the hands of 
the steward there, by the rod, to the intent that the said 
steward shall deliver the same by the rod to such person or 
persons, to whome the same by surrender was appointed to be 
delivered to the vse of him and his heires for ever, and every 
person or persons to whome any vse shall be specially declared 
vppon the said surrender shall be actually seized thereof in 
possession, revercon or remainder of like estate or estates as by 
the same surrender was limited, and vppon every such sur- 
render the Lord is to have ys. in name of an herryott for every 
whole tenemS and noe herryott is due where but parte is sur- 
rendered, and in such case the rent is to be apporconed, and 
the wife of every customary tenant where the said tenant died 
seized of such customary lands whereof the issue of the said 
tenant by the said wife in right shall inherit shall hould the 
said land after her husband's decease dureinge her widdow- 
hood, and vppon the decease of such widdow noe herryott to 
be payd. * 

The right of all customary tenants is to be tryed by verdict of 
twelve indifferent persons within the said Mannor by plaint in 

M 



8S LORDSHIP OP GOWBR. 

the nature of a- writt of right, and the steward is to have for 
his ffee vppon every such plaint xijrf. and for the copy of the 
plaint and ptestacon viijrf. ; and if there be not to be had (by 
challenge or otherwise) twelve men within the said Manner, 
the steward may by warrant sumon soe many as shall be need- 
full out of any other Lordshipp within the Seignory of Gower 
to join with the other, and noe customary tenants by the cus- 
tome may implead a customary tenant in any other court for 
any cause vnder X8, vppon paine of an amerciam* to the Lord 
of the said Manno if courts be duely kept. 

For herryotts both free and customary, tenants pay them as is 
menSoned in the Surveys of Oystermouth* 



THE MANNOR OF KILVEY 
a member of the said Seignory. 

The Extent and Boundaryes of the said Manner. 

The said Manner extend eth to the river Tawe on the west 
the brooke of Crymlin and a way called the Geven ffbrdd 
vppon Mynydd Drymme leadinge to Gissevaen — on the east, 
the brooke of Crynach and Glaisse on the north, and the sea 
on y^ south. 

The Demeazn lands of the same Mannor. 

Forrest vychan ats Forrest yssa 

lett to Phillipp Jones Esq*". ConUnti Vat pr. 

ofaeret, annum* 

A mandon house without buildinges thereto a. r. /». 4. dL 

belongeinge and severall closes of arrable 

pasture and meadow ground lyeinge to- 

geather about the said house and abuttinge 

vppon the river called Mynrod on the east 

and the river Tawe on the west, the free- 

hould of Hopkin Popkins called Fforrest 

ycha on the north and on the south thereof 

both the said rivers which inclose the said 



LORBSHIF OP OOWBR. 85 

f^« ^^"^® ^^ *^® ^^^ *^^ ^^^ *^* °^®^* ^^ ^- *■• '*• *• ^• 

B,^^^, one stream called Tawe vat xxx/». p aunu . loo . o 30 . oo . cx) 

No. By reason of the meetinge of the said 
rivers in one stream on the south parte 
of the aforemen6oned farme> as well 
the said lands as many other neigh« 
bouringe grounds are very subiect to 
the overflowinges of waters, which is 
very hazardous to the tenant, otherwise 
I conceive it might be lett at a greater 
value then above is sett down. 

All which ^misses the tenant 
houlds by lease from the Lord 
Giirall Cromwell dat.7^ Maij 1649 
for the tearme of 99 yeares deter- 
minable vppon 3 lives vizt. Phil- 
lipp Jones and Ann Jones the 
children of the tenant vnder the 
yearely rent of xxli. at May day 
and Mich'as and an herryott w^ 
vsuall covenants. 



Leasehoulders and Tenants att will. 
Morgan Jones. 

A parcell of rushy ground called Tir Dauid 
ats Morva abuttinge vppon the river Tawe 
on the west and the fireehould lands of 
Morgan Jones on every other point vai iiij«. 
p acre . . . . . 03 .0 00. 12 .00 

A parcell of furzy land called Erw 'r eyshin 
adioineinge to a tenem^ called Tylle wenthor 
— of like value . . . . 03 .0 00. 12 . 00 

A parcell of land called Gwem y bedow 
abuttinge vppon the way from Forth y mdeh 



64 



LORDSItIF OF OOWER. 



Menu dt on the West and the late lands of William a. r. 
reierved. ^^^ ^^ &U Other partes yat as before • 03 . o 



Red. 
xxviijU. 
2 Cap. 
IHerr. 



Bed. 
xxxvj*. • 
viijd. 
2 Gap. 
IHerr. 



K. 8. d, 

00. 12 .00 



Sume • 

Which pmisses the tenants houlds 
by lease from the Earle of Wor- 
cester dat. la Apr. 130 Car. for the 
tearme of xxj*^® yeares vnder the 
yearely rent of xxviij«. 2 cap. I 
hencw bearinge all taxes with vsuall 
covenants. 

Boger John. 

A mancon house and a parcell of ground 
adioineinge called G windy bach abuttinge 
vppon Ffordd y gld on the north and. the 
freehould land of John Hopkin Morgan on 
the south and west vat xl^. p annu . 

Which pmisses the tenant houlds 
by lease from the Earle of Wor- 
cester dat. I® Octobr. 7® Car. for 
xxi**® yeares from the date vnder 
the yearely rent of xxxvjtf. viijcf. at 
Annuii and Mich'as 2 cap. i herr. 

William Thomas Esq'. 

A water grist mill called Brane's mill or 
MeUn vraen lyeinge in the parish of Lan* 
samlett vai p annu .... 

Which pmisses the tenant houlds 
by lease from the Earle of Wor- 
cester dat. 2(f Jan, 12** Car. (ex 
assignacone Joh'is Dauid) vide the 
lease in the Survay of Penard and 
the ffee of Trewythva where the 
lease is menconed that was made 
of both the mills vizt. the Little 
mill and the said Brane's mill^ the 



09.0 01 . 16.00 



04 . 02 . 00 . 00 



00 .0 06 .OOrOO 



LORDSHIP OF GOWER* 85 

^enu (^ last whereof was assigned to the a. r. It. s. rf. 

reserved, afoi'emenconed tenant^and see there 

the rent reserved for hoth and the 

tearme they were lett for. 

Thomas Brown. 

A messuage or tenem^ called the Salthouse 

vat p annu . . . . . oo . o 03 . lo . cx) 

'Red. Which dmisses thie tenant houldd 

by graunt from M' John Bowen 
one of my Lords officers dat i^ 
JuHj 1649 for xxj^* yeares froni 

the date vnder the yearely rent of 

•• • « • 

iij«. x«. 

04. O II . lO.O 

Vxor Roger John. 

Red. xWjj. Certain parcells of land called Maes ythell 
and Treboeth ^seated by the Jury to be in 
lease to the tenant vnder the rent of xU, yjs. 
yiijd., but I had noe notice of it when I was 
vppon the place .... 

Boger Morgan. 

Two parcells of land called Tir y davy 

and Tir Ferldn abuttinge vppon the tenant's 

lands on the east south and north . • 02 . o 00 . 08 . cx) 

A parcell of pasture ground called Morva 
bach lyeinge in the Lopp of Penard abut- 
tinge vppon the lands of Thomas John 
Bowen on the north and west and y® river 
Tawe on the west . . . . 01 . o 00 . 04 . 00 



Sume . . 03 . o CX) . 12 . 00 



Red. Which ^misses the tenant formerly 

held by lease vnder the rent of ij*. 
yd. but now boulds the same at will. 



86 lA}VLJ>8nilf OP GOWEB. 

KILVET. 

These small Tenem** foUowinge are returned by the Jury to be 

lett at will to the severall tenants after named, but I had 

noe notice of them when I was vppon the place. 

Contents RtnU 

Walter Thomas Esq' for lands called Tir ofaere$. payable. 

Dauid Taylor in the hands of Watkin a. r. U, s, d* 

Dauid • , , . . CXD . o oi . oo . cx) 

William Thomas Esq' for Coed hir draeth .00.0 CX) • 01 . 04 
The same for Erw mase y barr in the hands 

of Morgan Lien . . . • (X) . o 00 . 03 . 00 
The same for other lands called Trychwarter 

hirion • . . • . 00 . o 00 . 05 . <X) 
The same for Tir Tach Eynon ddee in the 

hands of Jo° Leyson , . . 00 . o 00 . 16 . 10 

M' William Evans for lands in the Gwnglyn 00 . o 00 . 02 . 04 

Hopkin Popkins for Erw*r yallen . . 00 . o 00 . 01 • 00 

Morgan Leyson for Tyle garow . . 00 . o 00 . 05 . 00 
Hopkin Thomas for a parcell of land called 

Bryn y Garth hfen . . • 00 , o 00 . 01 , 00 
Thomas William Hopkin for Tir Madocke 

Tondda . • . . . 00 . 01 . 00 . 00 
Thomas John Thomas for lands in the 

Clous • • . « • 00 . o 00 . 10 . 00 

Hopkin John Gwynn for Hen erregg vach . 00 . o 00 . 06 . 08 



Sume . • 00.0 04. 12 .02 



The Freehoulders of the said Manner with the rents 

they pay. 

li. 8. d. 
Walter Thomas Esq' for lands called Erw vawr . 00 . 00 . 08 

The same Walter for Tir y gwl . . . 00 . 00 . 06 

The same for lands called Therwes . . 00 . 00 . oi^ 

The same for a wear . . . . 00 • 01 . 00 



liORDSHlP OF GOWER. 87 

William Thomas Esq' for lands called Gwem y /». s. d. 

Uyeste . . . . . .00.00.04 

The same for lands called Tir Engharad • • 00 . 03 . 04 

The same for Tir W°* ap Evan Penry • • 00 . 00 . 10 

The same William for Tir Nest vrase ♦ • 00 . 02 . 00 

The same William for Tir Gwillim ap Lewis • 00 . 00 . 03 
The same William for Hickes wear • . 00 . 00 . 06 

The same William for Glopert wear . . 00 . 00 . 06 

The same William for Sil wear . . • 00 . 00 . 06 

The same William for Lleesnewidd • • 01 . 00 . 00 

The same William for Morya r cyrsse . . 00 . 10 . 00 

The same William for Morva rhythallt . • 00 . 06 . 08 

The same William for Gored yach . . 00 . 02 . 00 

The same William for Tir Edmund and Kelly 

gravog . . . . . 00 . 00 . oyi 

The same William for lands in the hands of John 

Leyson • . • • . . 00 . 00 • 07^ 

The same William for lands in the hands of W^ 

Bevan Jenkin • . • • • 00 . 01 • 00 

The same William for lands in the hands of 

Thomas Bowen . • • . 00 . 01 . 00 

The same for lands in the hands of Dauid W"' 

Morgan • . . • • . 00 . 01 • 05 

The same for lands called Keel y bwry in the 

hands of W°* Bevan . . . . 00 . OI . 10 

The same for lands in the hands of John Bevan 

Jenkin • • . . • • 00.01. Qi| 

The same for lands called Llwyn crwn ysha in 

the hands of Morgan Sen • • • 00 . 00 . 08 

The same for other lands in the hands of John 

Morgan Llewelin • • • . 00 00 . 04 

The same for lands called Talshoba in the hands of 

Owen Thomas Bees • • • . 00 . 00 . o^i 

The same for lands in the hands of Edward 

Morgan • • • • . • 00 . 00 . 07^ 

The same for lands in the hands of Owen Morgan 

Llewelin called Pant y lland • • • 00 • 00 . 09 



88 LORDSHIP OF GOWER. 

The same for lands in the hands of Jenkin Wil- U. s. d. 

liam Rees . . . . . cx> . cx> . 09 

The same for lands called Tir Cadwgan in the 

hands of Morgan Jo^ Tho. . . • 00 . 00 . 02 

The same for lands called Tyle 'r dyngil and Bone 

y mane in the hands of Dauid W°* Dauid • 00 . 01 . 04 
The same for lands in the hands of William Tho* 

mas Griffith . > • . . 00 . 00 . 02 

The same for lands called Tir y ddyan in the 

hands of Thomas William • • . OO . 00 . 09 

The same for lands called Tir y vord in the hands 

of Evan Jenkin • . . . . 00 . 00 . 08 

The same for lands called Pont y gevile and PwU 

mawr in the hands of Owen Richard and Robert 

Richard . . . . • 00 . 00 . 1 1 

The same for lands in the hands of Edward 

William . • . . . 00 . 00 . 09 

The same for lands in the hands of W°^ Dauid ap 

Dauid and Leyson Jenkin • . . 00 . 00 . 09 

The same for lands in the hands of W™ Dauid 

Thomas. . . • . . cx:>.oi.c>o 

The same for lands in the hands of the wife of 

W°* Dauid Jo° Richard . . . 00 . 01 . 00 

The same for lands in the hands of Owen Dauid 

Bowen . . . . . . 00 . 00 . 03 

The same for lands in the hands of William 

Rosser . . . . . . 00 . 01 . cx) 

The same for lands called Kelly 'r gasseg • 00 . 02 . 00 

The same for lands called Llwyn hernin in the 

hands of Hopkin John Gwynn . . • cx) . 00 . 10 

The same for lands called Tir Evan Sen goch in 

the hands of Dauid Rees • • . (X> . 00 . 02 



Sume - . 03 • 12 . 034 



Walter Thomas Esq^ for lands in the hands of 
Hopkin Dauid Vaughan. called Tregove and 
Tir Evan Jenkin Treharn . . . 00 . 01 , 02 



LORDSHIP OF GOWBR. 89 

The same Walter for lands in the hands of Thomas It. s. d. 

John Thomas . . . .00.00. ogi 

The same Walter for lands in the hands of Morgan 

John Morgan . . . . 00 . 00 . 03 

The same Walter for lands in the hands of Watkin ^ 

Dauid . . . . • . 00 . 00 . 06 

M' William Evans for lands called Kelly gynven, 00 . 00 . 09 
The same William Evans for lands called Tir 

PhilHpp tew . . . . . 00 . 00 . 05 

The same William for lands called Tir Evan bach 00 . 00 . 03 
The same William for lands called Tir Tom 

Griffith . . . . . . 00 . 01 . 04 

The same William for lands called Gwayn Evan 

ddee . . . . , 00 . 00 . 03 

The same William for lands called Gwern vare . 00 . 00 . 03 
The same William for lands called Tir Tom lya . 00 . 00 . 07 
The same William for lands called Tir Madocke 

bach and Evan goch ap Richard . . 00 . 04 . 05 

The same William for lands called Tir Meyricke 

yshan and Evan Jenkin Tyrham . 00 . 04 . 10 

The same William for lands in the hands of Rosser 

Dauid Llewelin . . . . 00 . 01 . 10 

Dauid Nicholas for lands called Ynis dderow . 00 . 01 . 03 
The same Dauid for lands called Ty dny ats 

mawr . • . . . 00 . 02 . 06 

The same Dauid for lands called Ty *r y Uwyn . 00 . 00 . 05 
The same Dauid for lands called Tir Madocke 

goch . . . 00 . 00 . osi 

The same Dauid for lands called Tir y brown . 00 . 00 . 05^ 
The same Dauid for lands called Tir drymme . 00 . 01 . 09 
The same Dauid for lands called Tir y pydidd . 00 . 00 . 06 
The same Dauid for lands called Tir y bwla . 00 . 00 . on^ 
The same Dauid for lands called Tir verch ttcn 

ycha . . . .^ . 00 . 00 . 044 

Hopkin Perkins for lands called Fforrest ycha . 00 . 02 . 02 
Thomas Perkins for lands called Tir tanghist . 00 « 01 . 04 
Richard Leyson for lands called Glyn y gorse . 00 . 00 . 08 
The same Richard for lands called Gorselwyn . 00 . 00 . 03 

N 



90 I.ORl);jiHIF OF GOWER. 

The same Richai'd for lands called Parke y bryn It. s, d. 

rose y velin . . . . . cx) . oi . cx> 

The same Richard for lands called Tir Evan 

Gwynn . . . . . . c». 00,04 

The same Richard for lands called Croft yr 

Gethin . . . . . 00 . 00 . 03 

The same Richard for lands called Tir Tom 

Griffith ...... 00.00.07i 

The same Richard for lands called Tir Madocke 

gochy Tir y mynidd and Gwern bwU . . 00 . 00 . 05^ 

The same Richard for lands called Pant y ffynnon 

1^ in the hands of Thomas Dauid Vaughan . 00 . 00 • 05 
Morgan Jones for lands called Knuffe coch . 00 . 01 . 05 

The same Morgan for lands called Keven henvod 00 . 01 . 00 
The same Morgan for lands called Gwern y maen 

llwyd . . . . . . 00.00. 01 J 

The same Morgan for lands called Gelly dwyill . 00 . 01 00 
The same Morgan for lands called Glan mynrod . 00 . 01 .05 
Vxor Roger Jones for lands called Blaen brane . 00 00 . 09 
The same for lands called Kilvrane . . 00 . 00 . 10 

The same for lands called Tir y milwr . . 00 . 01 . 07 

The same for lands called Tir Meyricke yshan . 00 . 00 . 11 
The same for lands called Lletty mane . . 00 . 00 . 02 

Jenkin Griffith for lands called Kelly dSg and 

Llechwedd drymme . . . . 00 . 01 . 08 

The same Jenkin for lands called Cwm Crynach 

and Tir y prydidd in the hands of Richard 

John . . . . . . 00 . 01 . 00 

John Jenkin for lands called Tir reynallt . 00 . 01 .01 

The same John Jenkin for lands called the 

Vonddar and Ynis arlla . • . 00 . 00 09 

The same John for lands called Tir Thomas 

Meyricke . . . . . 00 . 00 . 04 

The same John for lands called Tir Evan Jenkin 

Tryharne . . . . 00 . 00 . 02 

The same John for lands called Tir Evan Lloyd in 

the hands of Hopkin Thomas . . , 00 . 00 . 05 



LORUSHIP OF GOWKR. 91 

Morgan Leyson for lands called Tir Jenkin ap /i. s. d. 

Gwillim and Llwyn vrwydir . . . oo . Ol . 1 1 

Roger Morgan for lands called Tir Jenkin ap 

Evan ycha • . . . . oo . 02 . 04 

The same Roger for lands called Tir Llewelin ap 

Evan tew . . . . . 00 . cx) . 09 

Thomas William Hopkin for lands called Tir 

Thomas Griffith ddee . . . 00 . 00 . 09 

The same Thomas for lands called Tny dny ais 

mawr . . . . . . 00 . 01 . 00 

Thomas Morgan for lands called Tir Ffynnon 

varred . . . . . . 00 . 00 . 08 

The same Thomas for lands called Tir Evan 

Griffith . . . • . . 00 . 00 . 07i 

The same Thomas for lands called Tir Morgan 

Cadwgan . . . 00 . 00 . 02 

Watkin Dauid for lands . . . . 00 . 00 . 09 

Vxor Dauid Morgan Dd W™ hlr for lands . cx) . 00 . 04 

Vxor Hopkin Rees ap Jenkin for lands called 

Clyn Cadwgan . . . . 00 . 00 . 06 

The same for lands called Tir Hopkin Rosser 

vain . . . . 00 . 00 . 04 

Walter Evans for lands called Tir y llanerch in 

the hands of the wife of William Thomas and 

Hopkin William . . . . 00 . 01 . 09 

Dauid William Gibbs for lands called Tir Ma- 

docke whith^ Coed hirdraeth and Tir Gwillim 

Gronow ddee . . . . . 00 . cX) . 064 

PhilHpp Thomas for lands in Kilvey . . 00 . 00 • 01 J 

Vxor Jenkin Hopkin for lands called Tir Howell 

ap Evan Jenkin . . . . 00 . 00 . 05 

John Griffith for lands called Tir John Rosser ap 

Howell ychan . . . . . 00 . 00 . 1 1 



Every of the said ffreehoulders vppon alienacon or 
decease pay v^. to the Lord. 

The Jury psents all vsuall royalties due to the 



92 LORDSHIP OF GO WEB. 

Lord^ as waifes estrayes tolls of faires aud mar- li, s. d. 
ketts there or X8. yearely in liew thereof, a Leet 
alsoe and Court Baron; and the tenants for not 
appearinge at the Leet pay iij^. 

They pscnt alsoe xx/i. payable vnto the Lord 20 . oo . oo 
for mises and for aydes. xiij/i. vj*. viijc2. . . 13 . 06 . 08 



Vide the Survay of Gower Anglica when they are 
to be payd and vppon what occasions. 

There is 4rf. due vnto the Lord for every weigh of 
coales that is transported out of the Lopp of Kilvey 
over the Barr of Swanzey. 

GOWER ANGLICA, 

The rents reserved vppon the leasehould" and 
tenants at will besides 5 couples of capons 
amount to .... .013.15.00 

The free rents amount to . . .013. 18. 03 

Rents payable from other Manno" . . 001 . 10 . 07! 

Rent pd for comon and toll pixey . . 003 . 10 . 00 



032 . 13 . loj 



The particular yearely values of the leasehould 

land and at will amount to . . . 026 . 19 . 08 



SWANZEY. ■ 

The rents reserved vppon the leasehould™ and 

tenants at will ..... 073 . 17 . 06 

The free rents amount to p annu . . 008 . 05 . 08 

Payable by the Portreeve for toll . . 010 . 00 . 00 

The rent of the Rcdmarsh moor Swanzey . 007 . 04 . 00 



099 . 07 . 02 



LOKDSHIP OF GOWBR. 93 

The particular ^earely yalues of the leasehould It. s. d. 

lands and at will amount to . . • 074 . 13 . 04 

The value of the Redmarsh is . . . 007 . 04 . CX) 



081 .17.04 

GOWER WALLICA. 

2 Coup. Xhe rents reserved vppon the leasehould" and 
of Cap. ._- ^^ 

tenants at will . . • • . 034 . 03 . 04 

The free rents amount to . . . 016 . 08 • 01 



050 . 1 1 . 05 



The particular yearely values of the leasehoulds 
and at will amount to • . . • 047. 06 • 00 



QYSTERMOUTH. 

3 Coop. The rents reserved vppon the leasehould" and 

tenants at will ..... 001 . 07 . 08 
The free rents amount to . . . 000 . 17 . 04 

The customary rents are in the whole • . 020 . 09 . 08 



082 . 14 . 08 



The particular yearely value of the leasehould 

and at will amount to . • . . 088 . 14 . 08 



PENARD. 

7 Coup. Xhe rents reserved vppon the leasehoulders and 

tenants at will amount to . • • 131- ^^ - ^4 

The free and customary rents amount to . . 039 . 1 1 . 10 

Payd for comons . • - • • oo^ . 00 . 08 



172 . 16. 10 



The particular yearely value of the leasehoulders 

and tenants at will amount to . . 184 . 10 . 08 



94 LORDSHIP OP GOWRR. 

KILVEY. 



2 Conp. The rents reserved vppon the leasehoulders and 1%. b d 

of Cap. . . ^ -n ^ 

tenants at will are " • . . 033 . 00 . 03 

The free rents amount p annu to . . 006 . 13 . 074 



039 . 19 . loj 



The particular yearely value of the leasehould 

and at will amounts to . . . . 050 . 16 . 10 



Sume totoU of psent ^fitts . . . 478 .03 . io|^ 

Sume totall of values .... 480 . 04 . 06 



KINIS. 



SURVEY OF 



GOWER ANGLICANA 



25th ELIZ. 1588. 



Francis's Gower, p. 97. 



QVAR1 BRINGS :- 

\. Somerset Eari, of Worcester. 

r Herbert Earl op Pembroke. 

3. WiDviLLE Earl Rivers. 

4. SOUBRSET u in the liril Quartet. 

SEAL OF 

The Rt Hon. the EARL OF WORCESTER, 

KNIGHT OF THE MOST HOBLE ORDER OP THE GARTBR, I583. 
From trig, at Badminien, 



OOWER ANQLICANA. 



^* bris anno regni Dfle nre 

Elizabeth, dei gra Anglie Francie et Hibfiie Begine fidei 
defensor &c., vicessimo quinto : p Edwardum Dn'um Hebbbbt 
filium et hered apparent p** nobit Comix' Wigobnie dfii de 
Chepstow, Raggland, et Gower, p^ clar ordinis Garten milit, — 
Edwardum Mansell milit, David W°^ Ar, Robertm Johnson 
gener Auditor, et supervisore diet Comit et Edward Herbert 
de Crugg Howell Armiger, yirtute Commissionis antedict p' 
nobi) CoMiTis Wiqobn', gerefi datum ultimo die Augusti ultimo 
p'terito tam per suf^yisionem perambulaSonem et mensura- 
cdnem p^dictor quam p Sacrum diversorum legalium et probo- 
rum hominum, quorum noia sequntur (vizt.) 



Henricus Morgan 
gen. 

Hugo Griffith gen. 

Phus Bowen gen. 

Griffinus Gronowe 
gen. 

Owennus Penry 
gen. 

Willimus Lewes ap 
Morgan gen. 

David Landegg 
gen. 

Thomas Harry Bo- 
wen een. 

David Kobert Hop- 
kin gen. 



Jur. 



Thomas Ffrancklen | 

gen. 
Symond Jo° David 

ap Glover gen. 
David Eatton gen. 
Griffinus ap ICees 

gr gen. 
W"^ Jo° Thomas ap 

Henry gen. 
Johes David Tho. 

Griffith gen. 
David ap Owen 

Howell gen. 
Phus Jo° Thomas 

Howell gen. 
Johis ap Kichard 

Tho. Aubrey gen . 

o 



Jur. 






98 



LORDSHIP OF GOWBE. 



Oxwich 



Penricc 



Horton 



Porteynon 



Pilton 

Llangenith 
etc. 



Walterston 
etc. 

Paviland 
Nicholaston 



Brinavell 
et listen 



Hospic 
S" David 

Sketty 



Penmayne 



Qui dicunt sup Sacrum suum quod — 

Edwardus Mansell miles tenet de dco dfio (ut 
in suo dco dfto) Manerium de Oxwich p servic 
unius ffeod milit. 

Dctus Edwardus Mansell miles tenet Manerium 
de Penrice de p*" dco diio p' simit servic feod 
militar' de quo Manerio de Penrice, Maner de 
Horton tenetur p dimidium ffeod militar. 

Prefatus Edwardus Mansell miles tenet Manerm 
de Porteynon de dco dflo p servic unius feodi 
milit de quo Manerio de Porteynon, Manerm 
de Pitton ats de Pilton tenetur p* unum feod 
militaf. 

Manerium de Westowne de Llangenith p unum 
feod milit, Manerium de Stembridge p dimidium 
feod miliF Manerium de Kllyn de Bough, et 
Skurleg Castell p dimidium feodi militaf. 

Manerium de Walterston et Kellibion ptem 
possession nuper suppress Monaster de Neath 
per unum feod milif. 

Manerium de Paviland pcellum dci Monasterij 
p feod militar. 

Idem Edwardus Mansell miles, tenet Manerium 
de Nicholaston dci Manerij de Gower, p unum 
feod militaf. 

Willimus Herbert miles, tenet Baronem vel 
Manerium de Brinavell et Ilston de dco dn*o p* 
servic unius feodi militar' et dimidium. 

Dcus Willimus Herbert miles, tenet Manerium 
Hospicij de Swanzey p sectam Leetam Curiam. 

Idem Willimus Herbert miles, tenet Barronem 
de Sketty dci Manerij p serviS unius feodi 
militaf. 

Antedictus Willimus Herbert miles, lenkinus 



OOWBR ANGLICANA. 



99 



ReTnoldston 



Wibley 



Hentelles 



Knoylston 



Killvrough 



Langenith 
etc. 



Moore ton 

vel 
Bishopston 



Tallibont 



jBfrancklen et lohes Bowen tenentes Manerium 
de Penmayne p serviS feod et dimidium feod 
militar. 

Edwardus Herbert miles^ tenet Manerium de 
Kejmoldston de dco Manerio p seryic unius 
feodi militar. 

Idem Edwardus Herbert miles, lobes ffranck- 
len, Willimus Tbomas, lohes Thomas de Landi- 
more et Thomas Longe, tenentes dimidium 
Manerij de Wibley, de dfio Manerio, p servid 
dimid feodi militar. 

Henricus Mansell Ar, tenet Manerium de Hen- 
telles de dSo Manerio p' servic unius feodi 
militaP. 

Bobertus Thomas Ar, tenet Manerium de 
Knolston, de dco Manerio p servic unius feodi 
militar'. 

Manerium de Killvrough nup in tenura Erasmi 
Saunders ut in jure uxoris ejus et alijs, tenetur 
de ddo diio p servic unius feodi militar, et nunc 
in tenura Bolandi Dawkin, et lohes Bowen. 

Manerium de Easton vel Priurston de Lange- 
nith quondam fiiit tenent' hujus dfii p servic 
unius feodi militar, et dimidium feod nunc in 
possessione Gardianum et Sociorum Collegij 
omnium Sanctorum de Oxonia. 

Manerium de Mooreton nunc vocat Bishopston 
ut apparet tarn p antiqu9fi record quam etiam 
per suf^visionem tentum fuisse, de dicto dom 
p serviS unius feod' milit' et modo existens in 
tenura Wift Mathew Arm p concessum Epis- 
copi de Landaff. 

Manerium de Tallybont quondam tentum fuit 
de dco dfio p serviS unius feodi militar et modo 
existens in manibus Ser^^ dfte Begine p sup- 
presss nup Monaster de Neath. 



100 

Millwood 



Lanmadock 



Leysanston 



Llanridian 



Verne hill 



Pilton 



LORDSHIP OF GOWER. 

Manerium de Millwood tentum fuit de dco diio 
f serviS unius feodi militar ac similiter in ma- 
nibus Ser"** dfte Begine et pcett possessionis S** 
lobls Hiersalem in Anglia infra Comandry de 
Slebage. 

Manerium de Lanmadock similiter tentum fuit 
de p*" d6o diio p servid unius feodi milita?> et 
modo in tenura Antbonij Mansell Ar p conces- 
sum Principis in cujus manibus yeniebat p 
supmisionem. 

Manerium de Leysanston aliquando tent' de 
dSo diio p servic unius feodi military ac venie' 
bat in manibus Principis p attaint^ et modo in 
tenura Edwardi Herbert milil per concessionem 
ut sequitur. 

Manerium de Llanridian quondam tent' de 
p' dco dfio p unum feod militar^ discendebat in 
manibus principis p attaint et modo in tenura 
dSi Edwardi Herbert mili£ p concessionem ut 
sequitur. 

Manerium de Pilton et Vernell (alias) Verne 
hill tenet de dco diio p servic unius feod mi- 
litar ptem cujus Manerij Owenus Perkins^ 
Bicardus Bidder^ et Morgafi Vaughan tenefi 
vocal Verne hill p servid quarte partis feodi 
military et sex sagittas^ vocatas swallow tayld 
arrowes^ solvend annuatim, vel in defect' inde 
vjrf. 

Bobertus Heron^ Johes Tayler^ et Willimus 
Grove tenent diversas terr nup Johis S^ John 
apud Pilton p servid quarte partis ffeod military 
et sex sagitt^ vocatas swallow tayld arrowes, vel 
in defectu inde yjd. 

Willimus Douce pratam apud Weme Llaeth 
per grand sergeantie, et solvend nerni et 
holbert. 



GOWEB AN6IJCANA. 



101 



Landimore 

et 
Rhosily 



Wibley 



Cogorwen 



Manerium de Landimore et Bosilli teneni fait 
de antedco diio p seryic unius feodi military et 
p calcar arratum annuatim, vel yiginti. solid 
exeo resolute et p^ dcum Manerium veniebat 
in manibus Frincipis p attaint Reccoe unde 
tarn p'dictus redd quam servic fuit suspensus, 
et post Princeps concessit eundem Manerium 
Willimo nup Coiti Pembroke, et idem Willimus 
Comes concessit dcum Manerium Edwardo 
Herbert militi qui modo tenet, unde si p'dca 
Seigniora renovata sit solvi debeat p annum xxs. 

DictuB Edwardus Herbert miles tenet similiter 
dimidium Manerium de Wibley quod tenent' 
erat de p'fato diio per dimidium feed militar. 
et reddit annuatim yiij« Yijd, oh. 

Antedictus Edwardus Herbert miles tenet simi- 
liter Manerium de Cogerwen p similem con- 
cessum a Principe dco CoIti sup p^at attaint, 
quod tenent erat de prefato diio p dimidium 
ffeod militar et annualem redd de xije/. 

Matheus Jo*^ David Howel tenet in grand Ser- 
geantie decem acras terr apud Werne Llaeth p 
Boluconem nerni. 



SOCAGIO TENUR. 

Liberi tenentes qui tenent sib' et heredibus suis imppetuam 
et solvent ad ffestum S^ Mich'is Arch'i annuatim 

ut sequitur. 

Edwardus Mansell miles tenet sibi et heredibus 
suis imppetuam, in Soccagio, dfio tenement 
terr, nup terr Morgani Mathew, et reddit 
annuatim . . . . • ixcf. 

Dictus Edwardus tenet dua altera tenementa 

terr, d£i Morgani et redd annuatim . . xije/. 



lOS LORDSHIP OF GOWBR. 

David ap Hopkin David tenet ut supra cert 

terr et reddit annuatim • . . iijd, 

Johes David ap Hopkin tenet ut supra cert 

terr et reddit annuatim . . . vjd. 

Jenkinus Ffrancklen tenet ut supra cert terr* et 

reddit annuatim . . . . vjd. 

Henricus Thomas ap Hopkin tenet cert terr 

nup Johis ap Evan ap Rees dni et reddit an- 
nuatim ..... \jd. 
Fhiis Bowen tenet ut supra diversas terr' apud 

Burries Head^ nup tefi Morgani Penry et 

reddit annuatim .... xiij«. iiijc^. 

Owennus Penry tenet ut supra terr nup Ric 

ap Owen, Henrici ap Owen, et Phe ap Owen, 

et reddit annuatim .... yjd. 
Heredes vel assignat* Johls Perkin, tenet cert 

terr apud Burries Head, et reddit annuatim . xiijs. iiijrf. 

Robertus Smith tenet cert' terr apud Burrys 

Head, et reddit annuatim . . . vj«. viijrf. 

Idem Robertus tenet cert terr nup Lysani 

Evans apud Burrys Head, et reddit annuatim ije/. 
Thomas Ffrancklen, tenet cert' terr vocat 

Culmes, et reddit annuatim . . vjg. viijd. 

Phus ap Rhes tenet cert' terr apud Newton, 

et reddit annuatim .... ijd, 

Johes Thomas de Pitton tenet cert terr apud 

Tanky Lake, et reddit annuatim . . ijd. 

Jenkinnus Ffrancklyn p cert' terr' in manibus 

Jevan Jo° Thomas, diio . . . iijd. 

Idem Jenkinnus tenet cert' terr, et tenementa 

apud Widdiat, et reddit annuatim . . iiijd. 

Jenkinnus Maunsell tenet cert' terr et tenementa 

ibm, et reddit annuatim . . . iiije^. 

Griffith Gronowe tenet cert' terr et tenementa 

ib'm et reddit annuatim . . ijd. 

* * * nup Johls David 

et reddit annuatim .... ijd* 

Griffinnus ap Rees gr Bennet tenet cert' terr et 

tenementa et reddit annuatim . iij^. vd. 



GOWKR ANGOCANA. 103 

Willimus Lewis ap Morgan tenet cert' terr et 

tenementa et reddit annuatim . iij«. ijc/. 

Johes ap Jo° Long tenet cert* terr nup Johis 

Harry gr Bennet et reddit annuatim . xijd. 

Henricus gr Harry Benet tenet cert* terr nup 

gr Harry Griffith et redd annuat' . . xijd. 

Johes ap John Thomas gr Bennet tenet cert* 

terr et tenementa et redd* annuatim . . ij«. 

Rethericus Morgan gr Bennet tenet cert* terr et 
tenementa, et reddit annuatim . . iiij>. 

Hugo gr Jo° David Morgan tenet cert* terr et 
tenementa et reddit annuatim apud Alte-wen 
et Abergwassa .... xiij«. iiijcf. 

Johes Rees Lien tenet cert* terrr nup Georg 

Herbert mil* et redd annuatim . . xijd, 

Thomas ap Owen de Court house, tenet Court 

house et cert* terr* ib'm et reddit annuatim . ixd. ob. 

Idem Thomas tenet le Moore house etr eddit 

annuatim ..... iiije/. 

David Morgan Thomas Nicholas tenet cert* 

terr Klyn-y-gwaw et redd annuatim vj(/. 

Idem David et Phe dd Lloyd tenent cert* terr 

nup levan Lloyd et redd annuatim . . iiij(^. 

Robertus Roger Jenkin tenet cert* terr* et red- 
dit annuatim ..... \]d. 

Johes W™ Gronowe tenet cert* terr* nup Johis 

Jenkin ap Henry et redd' annuatim . vijcf. 

Idem Johes tenet cert* terr* apud Kevencoyd et 

redd* annuatim .... iiij(2. 

Johes David Jo° W" tenet cert* terr* et reddit 

annuatim . . . }d. 

Hugo Griffith tenet cert* terr' nup Johis ap Hop- 
kin et reddit annuatim . . }d. 

Simondus Jo" Dd* Morgan tenet cert* terr' Tho. 

Rich' Phe et reddit annuatim . . oh. 

Johes Hopkin Morgan tenet cert' terr' et tene- 
menta nup Tho. ap Jo" et reddit annuatim . }d. oh. 



104 LORDSHIP OF OOWER. 

Thomas Harry Eatton tenet terr nup Johis ap 

Joi^ Gwjmne et reddit annuatim . }d. ob. 

Johes David Tho. gr senior tenet cert terr 

nup' David Tho. gr' et reddit annuatim ob» 

Henricus Morgan tenet cert' terr' et teiita apud 

Goytre et reddit annuatim . . . yiijd, 

Johes Th® Jo" Tchom senior et lliomas Jo° 

Ychom tenent cert' terr' apud Goytre et 

Llannerch et reddent p' anfi . . iiije:?. ob. 

Willimus Jo" Thomas senior tenet cert' terr* 

apud Goytre et reddit annuatim . . jd. 

Idem Henricus Morgan tenet cert' terr' in ma- 

nibus Jo" Hopkin Morgan et reddit p ann . ijd. 
Idem Henricus tenet terr' nup' Richarde Smale 

et reddit p anfk . . . . vd. ob. 

David Eaton p'd' tenet terr' nup' Griffith Eaton 

et reddit p' anfi ' . . . . jd. 

Henricus Gamon tenet ceri terr' et reddit 

p anfi . . . ' . . "xxjd. ob, 

Willimus Watkin tenet cert terr' et reddit 

p' ann' . . . . . . ▼iijrf* 

Matheus Baldwin tenet cert' terr' apud Norton, ' 

et reddit p' ann' .... ijd. 

Lysanus Bice Nicholas tenet cert' terr' et reddit 

p' ann' ..... ijd. 

Johes W™ Jo" Hopkin tenet cert' terr' et reddit 

p* annum ..... xd. 
Thomas ap Roger et Morgannus Hopkin tenent 

cert' terr' et redd' p' ann' . . . jrf 

Willimus Herbert miles tenet cert' terr' nup' 

Henrici Tho. ap Gwallter et redd' p' ann' . ijrf. 
Hopkinnus Jo" Hopkin tenet cert' terr' et red- 
dit p anfi ..... xjd. 
Willimus ap W°* tenet cerl terr et reddit 

p' ann' ..... jrf. 

David Bennet tenet cerl terr apud Keven 

coed et reddit p anfi . jd. ob. 



GOWXB ANOIJCAMA, 105 

Johes Hoell ap W^ tenQt diyersas teyr et reddit 
p anfi • • • « • }d* ob% 

Jenkinnus W°^ Hoell tenet cert* terr^ apud le 

Cockett et reddit annuatim • . • j<7« <>&• 

Thomas Rees Jo° f^ leTan tenet cerf terr et 

reddit p annum « . • • iiij^* 

Johes ap Richard Tho. Aubrey tenet cert* terr' 
nup' Richard Tho. Aubrey et roddit an- 
nuatim • . • . • xiiijc^. 

Willus Griffith ap Eyan tenet parte diyersaru 

terr' et reddit p' ann'u • . • ziiijcf. 

Rolandus Dawkin tenet cert' terr nup W* Daw- 
kins apud Killvrough et reddit p anfi • jcf. 

Hopkinnus Jo° Thomas David ap Hopkins tenet 
cert' terr' apud Pryskedwynne et reddit p* 
annum ..... Tijrf. 

W"' Dawkins tenet cert terr et tenementa apud 

£elly-heere et redd p annum • • ija. yiijcf. 

Ddus Williihus tenet terr' in manibus Dayid 

Rosser, et reddit p' ann' • . • jcf. 

Idem Willimus tenet terr in manibus Johls 
Richard et reddit annuatim • . jc7. 

Idem Willimus tenet cert' terr' in tenura Mor- 

ganni Jo^ Jenkin et reddit p' annum • jd. 

Idem Willimus tenet tenementa in tenura Wil- 

limi Robert ap Owen et reddit p annum • jd. 

Idem Willimus tenet cerl terr in manibus Dayid 

Bennett et reddit p anfi . . . jd. oh. 

Idem Willimus tenet tenementum in manibus 

Ricei Dayid Cox et reddit p' ann' . . iijcf. 

Idem WiUimus tenet tenementum apud Ffaire- 
wood et reddit p anfi • . • iiij^f. 

Idem Willimus tenet tenementum nup' in mani- 
bus Morganni Bowen et redd p' ann' . oh. 

Idem Willimus tenet terr nup Johls Baldwynne 
et reddit p anfi .... ijcf, 

Jenkinnus Firancklen tenet cert' terr' apud 
Cregenith et reddit p' ann' • . . j<7. 

p 



106 LORDSHIP OF GOW£B. 

Idem Jenkinnus tenet terr nup Gri£Bini Thomas 

et reddit p anfi • • • • ijd. ob. 

Humfredus Lloyd tenet cert' terr' et tefita 

nup' terr' levan Gwynne et redd p' ann* • ij«. viijrf. 
Simon W™ tenet pcett terr vocat lAeyn j 

court ptem terr die t Tho. ap levan Gwynne, 

et reddit p anfi • . . • jd. 

Willimus David Morgan tenet p'tem terr' ejus- 

dem Thomas ap levan Gwynne et reddit p' ann' iiijcf. 
David Bees Dd ap levan Gogh tenet ptem terr 

ejusdem Thome et reddit p anil . • ijc^. 

Matheus W^ tenet p'tem terr' diet' Thome et 

reddit p' ann' . . . . j^. 

David ap Owen Howell tenet ptem terr diet 

Thome et reddit p ann • . . viijcf. 

David Thomas David ap Jenkin tenet p'tem 

terr' diet' Thome et reddit p' ann . • iijd. 

David Bees ap David levan ap Hopkin tenet 

ptem terr dicF Thome et redd p anfi • . j J. o&. 

Henricus John tenet p'tem terr* diet' Thome 

nup' in manibus David Lloyd ap John et 

reddit p' ann' v . • . v*. 

Phiis W°^ tenet ptem terr dicti Thome levan 

Gwynne et reddit p anfi . • • zij^. 

Idem Phus W"' tenet p'tem terr' vocat' Gelly 

gwynne et reddit p' ann' . . , ijd. 

Idem Phus tenet terr nup' de Eduardo ap 

Owen, et reddit p ann . . . viijJ. 

Thomas Morgan Lloyd tenet p'tem terr' diet' 

Thome ap levan Gwynne et redd p' ann' • xijrf. 

Idem Thomas tenet alter ptem diet Thome ap 

levan Gwynne, et redd p anfi . . xijrf. 

levannus Bees ap Morgan tenet p'tem terr' dicti 

Thome et reddit p' ann' • . . xijcf. 

Henricus Thomas ap Hopkin tenet p'tem terr 

dicti Thome et redd p ann* . . . j^. ob, 

David ap levan Thomas ap David, Owen 

Lewis, et Hugo Lewis, tenent p'tem terr' 

dicti Thome et redd p' ann' . . . xijrf. 



OOWEB ANGLICANA. 107 

David Robert Hopkin tenet ptem terr dicti 

Thome apud Fen greyenny et reddit p ann' • ij8. iiije/, 

Biceus Lloyd tenet p'cellam terr' diet' Thome^ 

et reddit f annum » , • • iiijcf. 

Bobertus Morgan tenet ptem terr dicti Thome 
nup in manibus Johls Ffrancklenj et reddit 
p ann' • • . • . vuj^. 

Edwardus Bo wen tenet, p'tem cert' terr nup' in 
tenura Thome Ffrancklen yocat' Hendre 
vedlen et reddit p' ann' • • • iiijd. 

HenricuB John tenet p'tem terr dicti Thome 
nup' in manibus Thome Ffrancklen^ et red- 
dit p' ann' • • • • • iiijc^. 

Jenkinus Ffrancklen tenet Pant-y-ffa p'tem terr' 
diet' Thome ap levan Gwynne et reddit 
p' ann . ^ • . . vijd. 

Georgius Ffrancklen tenet Molendinum nup 
dicti Thome, et redd p' ann' . . . rjd, 

Georgius ap Bichard tenet p'cellum terr' vocat' 
Maen yr olchva^ in manibus Johis Lewis 
Thomas^ et redd p' ann' . • • iiij^f. 

Edwardus ap Owen tenet cert terr et reddit 
p' annum • • . . . iiijc/. 

Bobertus Fhus tenet cert* terr' p'tem terr' dicti 
Thome ap levan Gwynne nup' in manibus 
JohU Giles et reddit p' an' . . . iJ5. vjrf. 

Willimus David ap Gwillim Jenkin^ tenet cert' 
terr apud Keven myddway et reddit p' 
annum . • . . . viijcf. 

Thomas Jo° W"» tenet cert' terr et reddit p* 
annum • • • . . ]d, 

David Bobert Hopkin tenet cert' terr apud 

Crofte, et reddit p annum . . . iiijcf. ob. 

Idem David tenet cert' terr apud Wimlodd, 
nup' Johls Landeggy et reddit p' annum yd, 

Georgius David Morgan Luya^ tenet cert' ter?, 

et reddit p' annum . . . . . ij«. yjd. 

Willimus Herbert miles, tenet cert' terr, apud 



1^ LeHDAfti^ or oowfift. 

Gelly-heer, nap* terr Rogerij Labdegg^ et 

reddit p' annum • . » . Tiijcf. 

David Landegg, tenet cert' terr apud Gwem 

laetfa^ et reddit p' annum • • . :x.rd, 

Thomas Rice tenet cert' terr ib'm^ et reddit p' 

annum . . • • . ^iz^. 

Ricardos Jo*^ tenet cert' terr ib'm et reddit 

p' annum ..... ijd. 

Jo** Harry Hopkin^ tenet cert' terr, et reddit 
p' annum *..•.*. t}«. viijcf. 

Morganus Griffith Jo° Moyle, tenet oert terr, 

et reddit p annum • . . , oh, 

Johes gr ap Richard tenet cer^ terr, vocat Bach y 

greyddin, et reddit p annum • . viijc^. 

Ludovicus Richard tenet cert' terr et reddit 

p' annum » % « % % ^ii}d* 

Willimus Herbert, miles, tenet unam pceft terr, 
vocat' Lodre bryth, nup in manibus David 
W™ Mayne, et reddit annuatim . • rjrf. 

Johes David Thomas gr senior, tenet tenemen- 

tum, vocat Sythin llannerch et reddit annuatim j^. oi. 

PhusCradock tenet cert* terf vocat' Kae vagyjby 

Brynne mill extra jSranchis, et reddit p anil . ijtf. 

Johes Morgan ap levan ap Howell, et Howell 
ap levan ap Howell tenent ptem terr Thome 
ap levan Gwynne et redd p' ann' . . ijrf. 

Thomas Jo** Morgan, et Owen Griffith tenent 
p'tem terr dicti Thome ap levan Gwynne et 
redd p' anii ..... ijd. 

Willimus Herbert, miles, tenet terf empt de 
Rico ap Owen, apud le Weeg, in manibus 
David Morrice, et redd p' ann* . . ijrf. oi. 

Idem Willimus tenet cert' terr unde Owen Mor- 
gan modo inhabitat et reddit p' ann' • jd. 

Idem Willimus tenet 'cert' terr in manibus An- 
thonij Davers, nuj^ terras Horton, et reddit 
inde p' ann' ..... ij«. 

Idem Willimus tenet terr, in manibus Johis 

Jenkin W°* Morgan, et reddit p' ann' yiijd. 



O0WXR ANGLICANA. 109 

« 

Fredlctus Willimas tenet cert terr, nnp died 

Horton^ mddo in occupatione Johis iRice ab 

Edei, et reddit inde , « « • vii]<2. 

Idem Willimus tenet ptem terr^ nup Isabell sp 

Howell^ modo in occupacone dicti Johis Bice 

et reddit inde . . • « iiijj. 

Idem Willimus tenet cerl terr, Tocal Tyr y eocli^ 

in occapatione Willimi Morgan et reddit 

p ani& « • . . . zij^. 

Idem Willimus tenet cerC terr in occupatione 

Kicej Morgan, et reddit inde p' ann' • Tiiji2. 

Idem Willimus tenet cerl terr, in occupatione 

Thome Davids Thomas gr et reddit p' anfi • xijiiL 
Idem Willimus tenet cefE terf in occupaSone, 

Jennett ux<^ Johis Bees, et redd per annum • yjd. 
Idem Willimus tenet cert terr, in occupatione 

Jenkin W°^ Morgan, et reddit p' ann' . zxJ. 

Idem Willimus tenet, cert' terf, in occupatione 

Bicei Griffith, et reddit p' ann' . . xjd. 

Idem Willimus tenet cerF terf, in occupatione 

Bogerii David Thomas, et reddit p annum . viijd 
Idem Willimus tenet cert terf in occupatione 

David Bennet et reddit p' annum . . vjd» 

Idem Willimus tenet cert' terr in occupa2one 

Johls W°* Morgan, et reddit p' annum • ixd. 

Idem Willimus tenet cert' terr dicti Hortone, 

aut in suis manibus proprijs vel in manibus 

teneatium, que terr cum certeris terr attin- 
. gent ad sum de zxJ5. que fait antiquus redd 

diet' Hortonij . . « . iz^. vij J. 

The heires of Phillip Jo° Bobert Luya, tenent 

cert' terr p Berch 7 newer et reddit . Ujd. 

Jo<> Grove de Faviland tenet cert' terf in pockia 

de Landewey, et reddit annuatim • . ijcf. 

Willimus ap W" Mayne tenet pcett terF vocat' 

Bolgodd, et reddit annuatifli « . « Tiijejl 

David ap Jevan Thomas David tenet terr nup 

Griffith W" Gronowe et reddit p' ann' . ijd. 



110 LORDSHIP OF QOWER. 

Bicus Bowen tenet pceftum terr* vocat Tyr y 
doome^ nup' Henrici Ffrancklen, et reddit 
p' annum • « « . • xijcf* 

Idem Bich'uB Bowen, tenet terr nup* W^ Lewis 

et reddit p' annum . ' . . • ij^. 

Idem Bich'us Bowen tenet cert terr nup' Joliis 

Jenkin ap levan ap Bichard, et reddit p anh jd» 

Bobertus Bidder tenet cert' terr' apud Fenard, 

nup' terr' Hugonis gr', et reddit p' annum . lije?. 

WiUimus Herbert, miles, tenet terr' in occupa- 
tione Willimi ap W** apud le Wicke, et reddit 
p' annum • . • . • jdL ob. 

Henricus Gamon tenet cert terr nup Hugonis 

gr, et gr Gronowe, et reddit p' annum . . iijd. 

Johes ap "W™ Gitto tenet cert' terr' apud Llandre 
moore, et reddit p' anil • • . ? 

Johes Dawkins tenet tenementum, et cert' terr' 

apud Montes, et reddit annuatim . • jd. 

Thomas Lewis Thomas p terra apud Keyen 

parke, et reddit p' annum . • . ij(/. 

David Thomas ap Hopkin p'tem terr David 

Thomas ap levan Gwynne, et reddit p' annum jd. 

Owen Kneath tenet quarteriam acre terr in 

Penard, p' terr' Boberti Bidder et redd . ob. 

Predict Juratores p^sentant quod una p'cett 
terr* vast' vocat' Bryn coch: nup tent' ad 
voluntatem Diii, et inclusam p' Henricum 
Hopkyn clericu decess, redd p' annum . iijs. iiijci?. 

Hugo Griffith tenet unam acram in forma 
p^dicta, Johes Landegg senior, alteram acram, 
et residuum pcett p^dict', est modo in tenura 
Thome Bees ..... 

Willimus Cradock tenet pcellum prati de Dfio 
p'^dicto vocat' Cradock's moore, p' quod redd 
ignoramus 



Suma redd Liber' tenentium p annum . viij/«. vs. iiijd. 



OOWBR ANOLICANA. Ill 

TENENT f INDENT. 

Kedd' Terr' Dominicalinm qui tenent p indentu'. 

Anthonius Danvers ex assignatiofi Beginald 
Hollingworth de Mempsall in Com Gloc gene' p 
indenture dat octavo die Martij anno regni 
Ser°»« Bhe nre E*** Elizabeth' &c. xxij^^^. Totum 
illud Fforrestum y<algo nuncapatum aut cogni- 
tum p nomen Fforest de Clyne^ infra Com Gla- 
morgan cum olbus pastur prat communibus^ le 
heathes et terr vast' eidem fforresto p'tinefi 
contiii quingent' acras mensur Anglic in Com 
p^'d tenend eid Anthonio Danvers ex assigna- 
cone p' diet' a ffesto Annunciaconis beate Marie 
virginis sequent post datum p'sentin' usq^® ad 
finem termanu xxj annor ex tunc px sequefi 
plene complend reddend inde annuatim durafi 
termino p'ddo p'fat colto hered et assignat' 
suis quinq® libras legalis monete Anglic ad 
ffestum S^ Mich'is arch'i et Annunciaconis beate 
Marie virginis p equales porcones ac etiam duos 
capones quolibt* ffesto Circumcisionis Dfii 
durah termino p^'dco at p' indentur irrotulat' 
in Libro irrotulament' indentur cum diversis 
alijs convenconibus in ea specificat' plene patet 
et apparet . • . . . ylu 2 capons. 

Johes Abowen de Castel Loughour in Com Gla- 
morgan, levan Abowen, et Morgan ap Bowen 
fratres ddi Johis tenent p' termlo vite eorum 
divtius viven successionem unum tenement' cum 
numero sex acras Walence terr arabil' et bosci 
et pastur' vocat' Tyr nesse, existeh in p'ochia 
p^'d et abuttant sup' regiam viam ex orient, et 
sup' terr' Laurencij Laurence ex Occident' et 
australi, et ex parte boriali sup' communem Diii 
et terr' p'dict' Laurence tenend eisd' ut supra, 
unde annuatim redd' est ... iij". viij**. 



112 LOBDSHIP OF OOWBH. 

Que p^'m inter alia dcti Johis leyan, et 
Morganum tenent p' quandam indentur' 
geren' dat' xxviij^** die Maij ao regni 
Dn'e nr*e Elizabeth' xviij*'et p' eand' fact' 
indentur' irrotnlat* in Libro Irrotula- 
ment' cum diversis alijs conven^onibus in 
eo specificat' plene patet et apparet. 

nidus Morgan de Fenmayne in Com Glam yeom 

tenet' p'indentur'dat' octavo die Januarij ao regni 

Ser"'* Dn'e nr'e Regine Elizabethe xix®, unam 

p'clam terr* vocat* Bryn croysse, contin' nu- 

mero trium acrar' mensurar' Walenss^ unam , 

acram terr* arr% vocat* Mayne Uoyd, unam p* 

cellam terr' yast* vocat' Alch' penwegare^ contift 

unam acr', alter p*cett terr' vast', vocat' Gwayne ^ 

Ph'e Thomas Madock cont' unam acr', una \ 

alter pcell' terr' vocat* DrosswU, existen' tres I 

acras que omnes terr' sunt scituat' jacen' et I 

existen' infra p'ochiam de Lanridian in tam 4 

amplis modo et forma &c. ut Ricus Abowen, 

W"* Nicholas Jeffreys, et Griffith Thomas, vel 

aliqui alij ante hac tenebant vel occupabant, 

diet' p'misss' tened' eidem Kich'o Morgan, ij*. vijd. 

executor' vel assignat' suis, a die dat' p'sen usq^ 2 capons 

ad finem et termin' xxi^" annor' ex tunc p' x • or ijs. 

Sequent et p'len compled reddend' inde 
annuatim duran' termiii p^'dco coit'i et 
hered suis sumam duor' solidor' et sex 
denar' legalis monete Anglie, ad festum 
Annunciaconis b'te Marie virginis et 
S** Mich's arch'o p' equat porSones, ac 
etiam quolib't festo Circumcisionis Dn'i 
duos et sufficieii bonos capones durant' 
termin' p>^d'cum ut p' eandem indentur' 
irrotulat' in Libro irrotulament' cum di- 
versis alijs convenconibus in .ea specificat' 
plene patet et apparet. 



GOWBR ANGLICAN A. 113 

Johes David Vaaghan de Sketty tenet p* in- 
dentur' dat' decimo Junij ao Elizabethan B,'^ 
nP una p'cellam terr' vast' nup' inclusat', ex- 
isten* quondam p'cell* Fforrest de Clyne, con- 
tin* quatuor acras terr' haben p' termino xxj"™ 
annor reddend' inde annuatim duos solidos 
sterlingor* et duos capones, sub coudicone q^ 
ne faciet vastum uUius ut principalis memere mei ij«. 2 capons 

Fforest de ffairwood ats Ffairwood moore occu- 
patur p' separates tenenf adjungent redd' assess! 
sunt sup' occupatores et transgressor' p' Jurat' . xxs. 

Pratum vocat le Lord's mead metat et bunda? in 
responso nr'o articulis^ viz^t inter Gorse vaur 
ex p'te occidentali, terr' Willlmi Dawkin et 
Jenkini Ffrancklen apud Kergenith ex p'te aus- 
trali^ terr Willimi Lewes et Johis ap Jon Long 
ex boriali, et p'cell' vast* jiixta terr' Lewes 
David Lewes, ex p'te orient , et occupat' p'te- 
nent' et alios adjungent et tax 'p* Jur' et colli- 
gatur p* Balliv* .... xijs. 

Tenent et inhabiters similiter gaudent cum le 
ffurz &c. le Long meade jacet in terr' Dfie 
Ser°® nr'o Regine apud Killy leibion ex p'te 
australi, tenement in quo Robertus Jo° Lloyd 
habita? ex boriali, et terr' Edwardi Mansell 
militis ex orientali, et Leastonwicke ex p'te 
occidentali ..... vJ5. viijJ. 

Dili habuissent infra diet Domin cert* toll' 
vel custome de emptor*, vendit, et artifid vocat' 
toll pixie, quod assess p' duos jur' in duobus 
divisionibus, viz't. p' Occident* le Pill xxvj*. 
viijrf., et p* orient le Pill xxiij«. iiijrf. collect 
p' balliv' . . , Is. 



Suma ixK. xvj«. xd. 



u 



114 LORDSHIP OF GOWBR. 



TENENT pr. SUFR 

Tennants at Sufferance. 

Griffith Thomas Griffith Bennett ut p^'dictus in 

articulis terr^ quas tenebant p' indentur' . xij(/. 

Johes Rees W"* Lluya p' terr' dimiss, ut p'"dici- 

tur in articulis .... xtJ(/. 

Willimus Dawkins p* terr' nup' dimiss^ ut p^di- 

citur apud Alte buldan . . . xvjd. 



Suma iij8. viijcf. 



Sufha totalis 
xix/ft. xvj«. \d,, 
oh, unde. 



' Lib'e tenentes p' Servic militar'zxx^. y\}d. ob. 
Lib'tenentespLib'ram chartam viijK. v«. iiijrf. 
Tenentes p' Indenturam . . v/t. vij«. ijrf. 
Tenentes ad Volutatem . . iiij/t. 'viijs. Yiijdn 
Tenentes p' Sufferance . . iij«. viijrf. 



And further, 

TO the Ffirst article, we have answeared in this booke before, 
and made a rentall^ and layd downe y® severall tenures, 
services and rents, with the natures thereof, as neare as we 
could. 

TO the Second we say, that we know no cheife Seate of this 
Manner, other than the Castel of Swanzey, the buildings 
whereof are in decay, and as for y® land thereunto belonging, 
it hath beene as we can learne demised to severall p'sons tyme 
out of minde, and y® Portreeves of Swanzey, and their suc- 
cessors bound to collect the rents. How they are meered, 
butted, and bounded we know not. 

TO the Third we say, there are noe coppy hold to our knowledge 
within this ho^^ but such as be in y® severall manners and 
members of this Lo^p, of which y* jury made in every severall 
and particular manner is to present. 



Francis's Gower, p. 115. 



QUARTERl/i/GS :— 



1. Mans EL. 
i. scuklage. 

3. Fennard. 

4. Bacon. 
J. Pbnrice. 



6. Db Buos. 

7. De u Mare. 

8. Nicholas. 

9. KVME. 

10. Keehi. 



SEAL OF 

SIR EDWARD MANSELL, Knt 

Temp. Elit., /mn orig. at Margam. 



60WEE ANOLICANA. 115 

TO the Ffourth we say, that Vincent Jankin and David Jenkin 
Morgan hold certain lands by lease, for certaine yeares, caUed 
Kae newydd by rent of xvj^ which land is aliened in fee to one 
lo** Rees W°* Luya by y* heires of y* leasees. 

Item, Thomas Griffith Bennett holds certaine lands for yeares 
called Kaey neweth in the parish of Loughor by rent of xij*, 
and the same is aliened in fee by gr Tho. Bennett, and mort- 
gaged to David ap Jevan Thomas ap Bees who occupyeth it. 

Item, Hopkin Dawkin holdeth half Grayg boulden, Tyr y 
duy and Tyr Trahern r grach, by indenture, and as we can 
learne is claymed as ffreehold. 

TO the Ffifth we say, the comons and wastes comonly called 
Bosylis downe, Keven brynne. Broad moore, and Baeries 
downe, Graig gwawr and others and certaine comons of the 
Lord within this Lo^^p, whereon as well as on Cam goch, ffree- 
holders and their tenants have had free comon of pasture tyme 
out of minde with all kinde of cattle sans number at all tymes of 
y* yeare, the certainty of the quantity, or contents we know 
not ; And we say that therein all the tennants and inhabitants 
of several! manners which be members of this Lo^^, doe inter 
comon, by what title we know not certainly. And further we say 
that the tennants of the said Lo^p in like sort occupyed and 
enjoyed the herbage of y^ Lord's wastes following, the severall 
rents whereof appearing upon them, have beene rated upon 
the trespassers and inhabitants adjoyning, viz : 

The fforrest of Ffairewood, the certaine meeres, quantity, or 
contents whereof we know not, by the rent of 



The Lord's meade lying betweene y^ Queene's lands at Kelly 
libion south, the tenement wherein Bobert Jo'^ Lloyd dwelleth 
north, the lands of S' Edward Mansell, knight, on the east, and 
Leaston wicke on the west, the rent whereof is yj' viij^ rated as 
aforesaid* 

The Lord's meade lying betweene Gorse vaur west, the lands 
of W^ Dawkin and Jenkin ffirancklen at Cregenith south, the 
lands of W^ Lewes and John Long north, and a brooke 



116 LOKDSHIF OF GOWER. 

dividing it from the waste of Brynne canatban^ being pcell of 
the LoPP, and one other waste in Supbosco adjoyning to the 
lands of Lewes David Lewes, east and northeast. 

TO the Sixth we say, that for all comons of any Lopp as Llan- 
ridian marsh, Llanmadock downe, and any other in any 
manner, now or at any tyme holden, or as member of this Lo^^, 
the lord and tennants of this Lo^p may enter comon and have 
done tyme out of minde, without contradiction, as farre as we 
know, without lett or interruption. 

TO the Seaventh article we say, that the said Lopp is a Lo^p 
Marcher, and hath had jurisdiction royall in all poynts, triall 
for life member and lands, taken away by statute, onely 
excepted, and the Lord thereof is to have wreck de mare, 
treasure trove, deodands, felons goods, felons lands, in fange 
theife, out fange theife, tholl, them waieffe, estrayes, sorke and 
sarke, kellagh and anchoradge in all his ports and creckes 
within the said Lo^^, and the same hath beene graunted in lease 
to severall persons, and last to Henry Ffrancklen, which lease 
as farre as we thinke is expired, and further that the Lo^^^ 
hath all other liberties and royalties, due to a Lord Marcher, 
saving such as are taken away by statute. 

Also we present to the said article, that ye Lord and his officers 
by an auncient custome have had authority to amerce any of 
his tennants for suing or vexing each other, in fibraine courts, 
viz't [x«.] toties^uoties. 

Item, the said tenants and inhabitants by auncient charters and 
grants clayme to be free from custome and toll, in any ffaier 
within the flfayres of Swanzey and Loughor. 

Item, the tenants by ancient custome, clayme this liberty or 
priviledge, that if they, or their cattle or goods be arrested 
within the liberties of Swanzey or Lougher, that a ffreeholder 
of the said Lo^p, or any of y® members, may be taken surety to 
answeare the action as well as a burgesse, and upon recovery 
and retourne of y* freeholders pledge by the sergeant, the 
Steward or Portreeve may direct his capias ad satisfaciendam 
or fieri fitcias to the bayliffe of the said Lo^^ against the pledge. 



OOWBR AMOLICANA. 117 

and by vertue thereof^ he to bring hioi to make execution to the 
party. 

Item, the said tenants clayme to have certaine wrecks^ not 
put in caske, aeryes of ffalcons and sparo hawkes^ and bees in 
the woods. 

TO the Ninth, we doe present that one Xf^opher Lawrence was 
indicted and outlawed of rape, and thereupon fledd and that he 
was possessed at the tyme of the said ffact comitted of one 
lease of a tenement at Cfen y gorwidd in the parish of 
Lougher; whether it be seised to the Lord's use, or not, we 
know not. 

TO the Tenth article we say, that there are certaine fishings in 
several of y® members of this Lo^p, for y® which the Lord 
hath a certaine rent, and that the tenants and inhabitants have 
liberty to fish freely tyme out of minde, in any other places 
than such as are allready under rent, as farre as we know. 

TO the Eleaventh article, we say, that for the lands holden in 
soccage, the tenant deceasing or aliening his whole ffreehold 
hath tyme out of minde beene accustomed to pay ye best 
beast and in default thereof v^; and if he hold severall lands by 
severall rents in severall Lopp", then in every such manner of my 
Lords to pay v", and no other sorte than this, our auncestors 
never payd, to our knowledge. 

Ffor the lands holden in knight's service, the releife is due 
according to the quantity of theire tenure, and wardshipp 
according to the lawes, and the herriotts on tenants for terme 
of lives or yeares, according to the reservacons and covenants 
in their leases. 

TO the Twelveth article touching churches, parsonages, etc., or 
any thing in the same article conteyned, we know not. 

Touching mynes, quarries, etc., we know none, upon any of 
the Lord's lands, other than such as we shall lay downe in our 
booke, saving that upon Rosilly downe, Keven brynne, and 
Ryers downe certaine stones, whereof mill stones are and have 
beene made. 



118 LORDSHIP OF GOWER. 

TO the Ffoureteenth^ we know noe other than such as have 
been layd downe in our booke. 

TO the Ffifteenth^ we say, we know no quitrents^ nor other 
duties to any man^ saving the service due on the Lord to the 
Queenes Ma^^ for the same. 

TO the Sixteenth, we say that the view of firanck pledge of this 
LoPP doth extend to y® tenants of this LoPp and the members, 
and that there is a Leete court to be kept twice in a yeare, viz't, 
the court after May, and the next court after Michaellmas, 
and a court Baron monthly to be kept, to which all tenants and 
resyants owe suite. 

TO the Seaventeenth article we say that within forty yeares 
there have beene certaine mylls erected by certaine ffreeholders, 
as they say, upon their freehold, what right they have soe to 
doe, we know not, neither are we able to declare, viz*t, Thomas 
ap Morgan Lloyd, a grist mill, David Bennet, a water mill, 
Phe W™, a water mill, and Anthony Davers, a wynd mill. 

TO the Eighteenth, touching lands in villeinage, we know none. 

TO the Nineteenth, we know nothing, saving that which shall 
be answeared in y® next article. 

TO the Twentith, we say that y® circuit and generall bounds 
and members of this Lo^p doe extend to the river of Turch, on 
the confines of the county of Brecon on the north east, and so 
dovvneward the river of Tawey parketh or devideth this Lopp 
from Killvay on the east side, and so as the river leadeth about 
Swanzey bordereth upon the sea coasts to Momraells, and from 
Mommells to Wormshead the sea being on the south, and from 
Wormshead the ocean sea beneath, on it to the Holmes and 
Broughton, and so turneth about againe where Loughor and 
Burry's water fall into the sea on the north west, and so up 
along the river of Loughor parteth it from the county of Caer- 
marthen, then as far as Bridge end, and so to Cathan water, and 
on the northside to Cogorwen the river of Amone doth divide it 
from the mountainesof Caermarthen6hire,andso about againe till 
Turch divide it from Brecknockshire; and it is intermingled in 



GOWBR ANGLICANA. 119 

divers places with Supraboscus and Subboscus, and especially in 
the parishes of Landilo tallibont, Llangevelach^ Llanguick^ and 
Swanzey^ the parishes of Loughor^ Llanridian^ and Bushopston, 
and within the, circuit of this Lo^p is conteyned, as well the 
LoPP of Clase Langevelach^ and Llandewey, part of the pos- 
sessions of the Bishopp of Menevensis or St. Davids^ as also 
the severall members^ p'cell of the said Earles possessions, and 
the severall barronyes or mannors holden by knights service^ 
which we have presented in our booke, all which except Lan- 
gevelach and Llandewey are or have beene some tyme holden of 
this LoPP or Seigniory as the severall barronies in this booke layd 
downe, and also Superbos^ and SubbosS, the burrough townes 
of Swanzey and Lougher^ the mannors of Fenard, Oystermouth, 
Lunnon, Kitthill, and Trewddva, all which are the possessions of 
the Right Hono^^^ Earle, and within the circuit of the said Lo^ is 
conteyned twenty three parish churches, viz*t, Languicke, Llan- 
gevelach, Llandilo tallybont, Loughor, Swanzey, St. Johns, 
Oystermouth, Penard, Bshopston, listen, Penmayne, Penrice, 
Oxmuch, Nicholaston, Porteynon, Bosilly, Llangeneth, Llan- 
madocke, Cheritton, Llandewey, Knollston, Reynolston^ and 
Llanrhidian. 

ALSO the said Jury present, that the severall persons whose 
names follow, have inclosed the lands agt. their names appearing, 
which lay open to the wastes of the Lo^^ till the said tyme of 
their inclosures, as they say and clayme it be p'cells of their 
owne ffreehold. 

Henry Ffrancklen deceased, tooke and inclosed within these 
thirty yeares a close by Lin y bough, and the comons of Keven 
brynne, by estimacon xij acres. 

A peece of a house made by Jo*^ Rice, and Robert of Crytton, 
by Pull y brag upon part of the comon at Keven brynne. 

Elizabeth late wife of Jenkin Dawkin, inclosed this last yeare 
certaine lands about xxx^ acres, which lay waste to Fennard's 
moore, or the fforest of Ffairewood, to which of both it doth 
adjoine, we know not. 

Item, that John Long hath inclosed a certaine peece of land 



120 LORDSHIP OF GOWER. 

on the north side, which lay waste to the Lord's meade w'^^in this 
xxx^y yeares, by estimation Ix acres. 

Also David Bennett confesseth the inclosing of a parcell of 
lands called Bryn mawr w** was inclosed within thes 12 or 
14 yeares, and claymeth it to be his owne ffree hold. 

Eichard ap Owen hath inclosed a p'cell of ground which lay 
open to Carn coch within this xij yeares or thereabouts, Ix 
acres by estimation. 

The heires of Jenkin Dawkins have inclosed three parcells 
of meadow, which lay open to the Lord's meade till within 
this xx*y yeares, by estimacion xij acres. 

Jenkin ffirancklen inclosed one parceU of ground on the south 
side of the Lord's meade by Cergenneth, w^*^ lay open to the 
said Lord's meade, till within this six yeares or thereabouts, 
by estimation iiij acres. 

Simon Jo° confesseth (being one of the jury) the inclosing of 
about halfe an acre, which lay waste to Graig vaur, one of the 
Lord's cofhons. 

About xxx'y acres at Moorehouse, now in Thomas ap Owen's 
hands, inclosed, which lay waste in Pennard's moore about forty 
yeares past. 

W*" Lewes (one of the jury) confesseth, himselfe to have in- 
closed one parcell of ground on the west end of the Lords 
meade, by estimation iiij acres. 

One parcell of ground inclosed by David Virly about 35 
yeares last past, which is now claymed as £freehold by Sr W" 
Herbert knight, by estimacon xx acres, which lay open to 
Graig gwawr. 

A long peece of waste, from Ffairwood moore along the 
brooke straight from the east end of Ffairewood by esti- 
mation xij acres^ and one acre thereof claymed by Henry 
Morgan and his ffather, within thes tenn yeares. 

A house wherein W"* Tanner dwelleth, erected by and 



1 



OOWEK ANGLICANA. 121 

claymed by the heires of Jcnkin Dawkin^ within this tenn years 
upon part of Pennard's moore. 

ITEM^ the said tenants doe present and confesse that there is 
due upon them, and every of them, all such customes duties and 
sums of money, as of old and auncient tyme have beene 
paid for mises, upon the death of the cheife Lord of the 
mannor, in consideration of a certaine auncient custome, called 
Whyte Books, for that yeare to be had, and further ayde rateably 
amoungst the other members of the Seigniory of Gowcr for 
making knight of the Lord's eldest sonne, and the mariage 
of his eldest daughter, accordinge to such order rate and pro- 
portion, as of auncient tyme they have done, when the same 
hath happened to be done. 

THOSE persons whose names are subscribed, confesse and pre- 
sent, that the meadow called Lord's meadow, within this booke 
mentioned, is holden at the will of the Lord from yeare to yearc, 
under the rent of xij% within mentioned. 

Phe ap Owen, Simond David ap Glover, 

Hugh Griffith, David Eatton, 

Owen Penry, Gr ap Rees Bennett, 

W™ Lewes ap Morgan, W" Jo° Thomas ap Henry, 

David Llandcgg, Jo" David Tho. G', 

Tho. Henry Bowen, David ap Owen Howell, 

Thomas Ffrancklen, Jo° ap Ric' Tho. Awbrey. 






1 



SURVEY OF 



OXWICH IN GOWER 



CIRCA 1632. 



MANERIUM BE OXWICH, 



^ST^P Attf't^ftl' ™^^^^> boundes and circuit of 
-^ the said Maiior is, and tyme out 

of minde hath benne as foUoweth : Beginning at the falle of 
the water of Nicholaston Pill into the sea in Oxwch Bay and 
as the said pill leadeth west and southward through the marshe 
ground unto the south side of the marshe belonging unto the 
tenemt of George Lewis in Horton^and as the landshare leadeth 
at the south side of the said marshe westward unto the mea- 
dowe wch is pte of y® tenemt of Richard Pigge of Pytte, and 
as the headge on the south pte thereof leadeth unto the Moore* 
land, and as the headges leadeth thence on the east and south 
ptes thereof unto the groue being pte of Richard Pigge's 
tenemt, and as the headge leadeth round about the south and 
west ptes of the said groye unto the headge on the south pte of 
the Rushie pke pte of the said Richard Pigges tenemt, and as 
y® headge thence leadeth under and at the south pte of his 
Croft unto a close of y* tenemt of David Bennett of Pitte called 
Underlandiway pke and meadowe, and as the headge on the 
east pte thereof leadeth unto the High way wch leadeth from 
Oxwch church to Porteynon*s moore, and as the said lane 
leadeth west unto the said moore, and as a dittch leadeth west 
and south over the said moore, being the landshare betweene 



126 LOEDSHIP OF OOWER. 

the pishes of Penrice and Ozwch, unto a headge on y* west 
side of the landes of Richard Bery esquier called Wester 
slade^ the wch headge and a walle leadeth straight south unto 
y® sea side, being the antient and known landshare betweene 
the pishes of Penrice and Oxwch and betweene the manors of 
Oxwch and Horton, and thence eastward on the south and east 
ptes y® sea doth compasse it unto the fall of Nicholaston pill 
into the sea in Oxwch bay where we began, soe the said 
Maiior abutteth unto the maiiors of Nicholaston, Penrice and 
Horton of y® north pte, Horton onely on the west pte, and the 
Sea on the south and east pte. 

THERE is a parte of the said Manor lieth in the pishe of 
Cheritton, and is called Riw-r-hwch, being a messuadge and 
tenement of landes contaigneing aboute xxx*^® acres, and one 
close neere it and adioyneing unto pte of it, called Mansell's 
close, containing aboute five acres err land : the wch tenemt 
abutteth the lands of Morgan Cradocke gent on the north prt, 
being his owne freehould helld of the manor of Landimor, etc. 

There is alsoe parte of the said Mano^ lyeing in the pishe of 
Langenith, being a tenement next adioyneing unto pte of the 
tenement of Riw-r-hwch contaigneing aboute viij* acres of 
landes errable, now in the tenure of Edmond Johnes, being in 
iij closes. 



The Names, Tenements, Rentes and Services of the 

Freehoulders of the said Mano'. 

Richard Bery esquier houldeth a messuage and tenement of 
landes called "Western slade, cont. aboute Ix acres lyeing in it 
selfe, but that there is a little pcell or plotte of the Lord's land 
within it, pte of the tenemt no we in the tenure of Frances 
Howell, and lyeth at the east end of the caster meadow of 
Slade aforesaid ; the wch plotte is underneath and adioyning 



OXWICH MANOR. 127 

unto a close called the Wester parke^ pte of the said Howell's 
tenement, and it is well known to be parte and pcell of the said 
Weaster pke, as the antient enclosure about it very plainly 
maketh mention, and it is helld in sockadge tenure, and oweth 
suite of court and rent . . . ... ixd^ 

John Rowe gefit houldeth freely of the said manor one tene- 
ment of land, contaigneing about 7^ acres, lyeing at a place 
called White well adioyneing unto the comon of Keven bryn 
on the east pte, nowe in the tenure of Andrew Browning ; yt 
is held in sockadge tenure, and oweth suite of court (and as 
wee conceaiue it) for to be held, oweth rent yearly ij«. viije?. 

Isabell Hopkin houldeth one messuadge and halfe an acre of 
land of the said manor in sockadge tenure, y^ lieth at Scurladge 
castle, betweene the landes of Edward CurtSis there, and the 
High way on the east pte of y*, and oweth of rent, a redd rose 
att midsommer, with suite of court, etc. . . A redd rose. 

Hugh Gamon houldeth freelie of the said maiior three closes 
of land called the Litle Bennetts parcke and the Twoe Torre 
pkes, lyeing in the pishe of Landewy and adioyneing unto the 
manor of Scurladge, and y^ is helld in sockadge tenure and 
oweth of rent yearlie . . . ... viijrf. 

TO the third article, we saie, that euerie ffreehoulder in 
sockadge tenure of the said manor ought to paie for an her- 
riotte uppon the alienation of all his free hould and uppon his 
death unto the Lord • . . . . y«. 

TO the iiij*^ and y^ articles, wee saie, y* no freehoulder to our 
knowledge died without heires generall or speciall, etc. : or 
committed any fiealonie or treason, neither doth any bastard 
hould any land as heire unto any, etc. 

TO the yj^ wee saie, that there are no fibrests, castles or 
demeasne land within the said mafio% but the Castle of 
Oxwitch, wc we conceaiue the Lord hath lett unto John Rowe, 
gilt: but for what tearme or uppon what conditions wee 
knowe not 



12S LORDSHIP OF GOWER. 

TO the vij*^, viij**^ and ix*^ articles, we saie, that there are no 
comons or little or no waste grounds, but Fortynon's moore, or 
anie encroachments to our knowledge, neither hath the Lord 
anie pke, or demeasne, wood, etc. : and there are no customarie 
tenants within the said.mafior. 

TO the x^ wee saie, that the tenants of the said mafior haue 
beenne accustomed to ^et out theire houses and landes wch 
they healld of the Lord for one wholl yeare of tearme onely, 
as often as they had occasion without anie advantage taken 
thereby by the Lord, and to digge lime-stones in the said land 
for to repaire theire houses, headges and ffences, and to bume 
lime as often as they had occasion for theire owne use, and the 
said tenants haue befie accustomed to yeeld theire appance and 
doe owe suite unto euerie court-Leet and court-Baron houlden 
for the said maiior, and euerie freehoulder houlding of the said 
man'or doe owe theire suite to appe at the leete twice a yeare, 
and everie resient dwelling w'thin the said man'or upon any 
land held of the man'or doth owe his suite and appance at 
euerie Leete court while he dwelleth within y® said man'or, and 
the tenants off the said man'or may not sue one an other for 
any action or cause under the value of xl«. in anie other court 

uppon paine of amearcement 

• ■ 

TO the xi^ we saie that there hath beene no meare or land- 
share removed or altred to our knowledge. 

TO the xij^ we saie that Thomas Yosse houldeth by a note da£ 
xiiij Septemb' anno Dili 1629, one messuage or cottedge w^ 
the appurtenants late in the tenure of Elizabeth Perott, nowe 
deceased, lyeing in the said manor to Thomas Yosse, 7enett 
Lamphey his now wife, and Elizabeth theire daughter, for 
theire three lives, rent yearlie vs., xijrf. custom, and xij just- 
ments, suite of court, suite of mill, one herriott, fine 205. tot paid, 

Thomas aged 32, Jenet 40, Elizabeth 3 yeares. 

TO the said article we saie that Phillip Nicholl houldeth by a 
note, dated the 27 daie of Marcli anno Dni 162%, one little 
house or cottage w^ a guarden thereunto adioyneing in the 
said maiior at a place called Gander s treat, and adioyneing onto 



OXWICH MANOR. 129 

the demeanes there> in as large and ample maner and forme as 
Johan William helld the same, to the said Phillip I^icholl, 
Tamson Gamon his nowe wife, and John NichoU theire sonne 
for theire 3 lives, rent ij»., ij hens, suite of court, suite of mill, 
one herriotte ; all 3 liveing. 

Aged; Phe 60, Tampson 40, John Nicholl 22. 

Jenkin Prisson houldeth in y® right of his wife ad volun? Dni, 
one cottadge and guarden, rent . . • \iijd. 

John Gibbe, by a note dat 22<* Septembr' 1629, houldeth one 
house and cottadge late in the hands of John Gibbe his father, 
adioyning unto the High way leading to the marshe of Oxw6h 
in as largde ample maner and forme as the said Jo° Gibbe the 
ealder in his life time held and enioyed the same, to John 
Gibbe, Johan' Ase his nowe wife, and Wenllian Gibbe the 
yonger, daughter of Boger Gibbe, for theire 3 lives, rent yearly 
v«., 2 capons, suite of court, suite of mill, one herriotte, fine io«. 
tot paid ; all three liveing. 

Aged ; Jo° 46 yeares, Johan' 50, Wenllian xij yeares. 

Boger Gibbe p nota dat 10 Maij 1628, holdeth one house and 
cottadge late in y^ hands of Phe Mansell esquier, adioyneing 
unto y® demeane landes Underbill in the said man'or as he and 
his assignes holdeth of same w^ th apptenance, to Boger Gibbe, 
Margaret Bydder his now wife, and Griffith, theire eldest 
Sonne, for theire 3 lives, rent v«., 2 henns, suite of court, suite 
of mill, one herriott ; all 3 liveing. 

Boger aged 50 yeares, Margaret 42, Griffith 20 yeares. 

Johan' William p nota dat prime Julij 1629, houldeth one 
cottadge or house lyeing in the said man'or and adioyening 
unto the late landes and house of Morgan Lloyd deceased, in as 
lardge, ample man'er and forme as John Philly her husband 
latelie deceased held and enioyed the same wth the appurte- 
nances, to the said Johan' William, Owen Philly her sonne, and 
Margaret Philly her daughter, for theire 3 lives, rent yearly 
3«., 2 hennes, i herriotte, suite of courte, suite of mill, etc. ; 
all 3 liveing. 

Aged ; Johan* 70 yeares, Owen 30, Margaret 32 yeares. 



ISO LORDSHIP OF OOWER. 

William Hodge houldeth ad yoluntate Dn'i one cottadge^ 
guarden and hay, rent . • . • • idjd. 

TO the xiij*^ we saie that we know noe newe buildes or adi- 
tions unto new buildings, but that the house at the Castle of 
Oxwch is a repaireing whereby any of the Lord's timber was 
or is destroyed wthin the said manor. 

TO the xiiij*** we saie, that John Nicholas Howell houldeth p 
Indentur dat ultimo Julij, 2i Jacobi 1623, one messuage and 
tenement of lande,^ late in the hands of Nicholas Howell, con- 
taigneing by estimation about xij acres more or lesse with the ap- 
purten'nce in as lardge ample manner and forme as Mary Baker 
held the same in the said man'or, to Mary Baker and John 
Howell her sonne, for theire two lives, rent 409. vJ., cust 3d,, 
justment 3«., ij capons, 2 geese, one herriot, suite of court, 
suite of mill, fine not expressed. 

John onlie liyeing, aged 54 yeares. 

Err 9 acres, I acre marsh, half an acre meadowe, and 

about an acre and half of furres. 

Frances Howell houldeth p notam dat 25 Octobris 1622, one 
messuage and tenement of lands containing about 12 acres 
in the said manor more or lesse with the appteiince late in 
the tenure of Phe Howell his father deceased, to Frances 
Howell for tearme of his life, rent xU. ve^., custom ij«., justment 
\j^*> \j capons, 2 geese, one herriotte, suite of courte, suite of 
mill. Frances onely living, aged about Ix yeares. 

Err viij ac^, one acre of msh, half an acre of mea- 
dowe and y® rest in ffurrs. 

Anne Baker p notam dat 6^ Junij 1625, houldeth one messuage 
and tenement of landes contaigneing by estimation about xy 
acres more or lesse with the apptenn'ce lyeing in the said 
man'or, to Anne Baker, Thomas Langley atis Cooke her sonne^ 
and his first wife for theire three lives, rent 20«., cus- 

tom v«., justmt v«., 2 capons, 2 geese, suite of courte, suite of 
mill, one herriotte, fine 26/1. I3«. 4d, toFpaid. 

Anne morF : Thomas liveing aged 50, his wife aged 50. 

£r 14 acres, j acre of meadow, j acre and halfe of 

marshe. 



OXWICH MANOR. 131 

Thomas Langley p acquit dat 2T Jiilij 1630^ houldeth two 
tenemts contaigening about xxxv acres^ late in the tenure of 
Jo<^ Yaughan deceased^ to the said Thomas Langley, his wife 
and theire first child and the longest liver of them 3 succes- 
sivelie^ rent yearley 40^., cust jo«.^ justmt jo«. ; suite of courte, 
suite of mill, 4 capons, 2 geese, 2 herriotts, Thomas liveing 
and Elizabeth his wife, no child yet borne, fine Ixxxy/i. paid 
6o/«., rem 2^lu 

Thomas aged 50, Elizabeth his wife 50. 

Er 31 acres, 2 acres and halfe marsh, and acre and 

halfe of furres. 

John Gibb p indent dat ultimo Decemb' duodecimo Jacobi, 
1 614, houldeth one messuage and tenement of land, lyeing 
and being at Norton, cont' about 25 acres in the said man'or, 
in as large and ample man'er and forme as Jerman Gibbe his 
father latelie held the same in his occupadon, to Jo*^ Gibbe, 
Anne Ells his wife, and Frances Gibbe theire sonne, for theire 
3 lives, rent yearlie 3/«. cust' 59., just' 5^*5 ^ capons, 2 geese^ 
one herriotte, suite of court, suite of mill, fine 6^%. 13^. 4^* 
tot' paid ; all 3 liveing. 

John aged 60 yeares, Anne 60, Frances 30. 

Er 22 acres, j acre and halfe of meadowe, and 2 acres 

and halfe of marshe, 

John Hoskin p indent dal 230 Novemb', 41® Elizabeth® 
houldeth Twoe tenemts of lands late in the handes of Stephen 
Bennett deceased, cent' about 31 acres (viz't) 22 acres and 
halfe of errable land, 2 acres of meadowe, 2 acres and halfe of 
marshe ground and fowre acres of waste wth the appurten'nce 
lyeing in the said man'or to Nicholas Hoskin, Jennett Bennett 
his wife, and Jo» Hoskin theire sonne, for theire 3 lives, rent 
25»., custom 3«-, justmt 3*-» 4 capons, 2 herriotte, suite of 
courte, suite of mill, fine not expressed. 

John onelie liveing, aged 60 yeares. 

Err 22 acres \ : 2 a^r meadowe, 2 acres \ msh, auA 

4 acrs of wast' ground. 



13S LORDSHIP OF GOWBR. 

JohnVosse p indent daf 1 8^ Julij, 39P Elizabeths, houldeth 
one messuadge and tenemt of land cont' by estimation about 
17 acres and halfe of errable land, 3 quarters of meadowe, one 
acre and halfe of marshe wth halfe the cliffe, to John Yosse^ 
Anne Fursell his wife, and Jo° his sonne, being his elldest 
Sonne, for theire three lives, rent yearlie 14s. 5J., custom 28. 6d. 
justmt 28. 6d.y 2 capons, one herriotte, suite of court, suite of 
mille, fine not expressed. 

Liyeing, John Yosse aged 72 or thereabouts, his wife 60 

yeares. 

Acres — Errab' 17I, 3 of meadowe, i acre and halfe of 
marshe, halfe y^ cliffe. 

Elizabeth Mackzichy p indent ur data 18^ Julij, 39^ Elizabeth se, 
houldeth one messuadge and tenemt of land cont' by estimacon 
about 18 acres of errable land, one acre of marshe and hallffe 
the cliffe wth th' appurten' to James Mackzichy, Elizabeth 
Dauid, his wife and his sonne, for theire 

3 lives, rent 14$. 5(f., custom 28. 6d,y justmt 28. 6c/., 2 capons^ 
one herriotte, fine not expressed. 

Elizabeth aged Ix yeares and aged xxx^'^, James mort'. 

Err 1 8 acres, one acre of mshe and halfe y® cliff. 

Thomas Beynon p acquit daf 20° Januarij 161 5, houldeth 
hallfe the tenemt late in the tenure and occupacon of Thomas 
Gwither, cont' by estimacon viij^ acres or thereabouts with the 
appurten'nce, to Thomas Beynon, Anne Gwither his wife, and 
Anne Beynon theire daughter, for theire 3 lives, rent 1«., cus- 
tom 28. y just' 28. y 2 capons, 2 geese, suite of court, suite of 
mill, an herriotte, fine vK. tot' paid. 

Thomas aged Ix yeares, Anne his wife 50, Anne his 

daughter 20. 
8 acres er, j acre of marshe. 

Phillip Frisson per acquit dar20'' Januarij 1615, houldeth one 
halfe of the tenement late in the tenure of Thomas Gwither, 
cont' by estimacon viij* acres of land errable or thereabouts, 
lyeing in the said man'or wth the appurten'nes, to Phe Prisson, 
Johan' Turbott his wife, and Phe Prisson theire elldest sonne. 



OXWICH MAK'OR. 133 

for theire three lives, rent yearlie 505., cust' 2s. ^ 2 capons, 
2 geese, suite of courte, suite of mill, fine vli., tot' paid. 

Phe Frisson aged 60 yeares, Johan' his wife 60, Phe theire 

Sonne 23. 

8 acres err, j acre of marshe. 

Phillip Prisson p acqui't dal 16** September 161 8, houldetL 
one messuage and tenemt of land late in the tenure of Thomas 
Howell, wth the appurten'nces lyeing within the said man'or, 
cont* about 16 acres, to the said Phe Prisson, Johan* his wife, 
and Frances Frisson theire second sonne, for theire 3 lives, rent 
yearlie 4/**., oust' S«., just' 5*., 2 capons, 2 geese, one herriotte, 
suite of courte, suite of mill, fine 22/1., paid 17/1. ; all three 
liveing. 

Aged; Phe 60 yeares, Johan 60, Ffrances 17. 
Er 13 acres, j acre furzs, acre and halfe of marshe. 

Nicholas Lucas per indent dat primo Maij, 3i^Charoli rege 
Anglias, etc., houldeth one messuage and tenemt of landes, 
cont' about 12 acres besides the cliffe and one acre of marshe 
in the said mafior, to Nicholas Lucas, Grace his wife, and 
Mary theire daughter, for theire 3 lives, rent 15^., custom 
28. 6d.f just' 28. 6d.y 2 capons, 2 geese, one herriotte, fine 34/*.^ 
tot' paid, suite of courte, suite of mill ; all three liveing. 

Nicholas aged 40, Grace 35, Mary 6 yeares. 
1 1 acres of err, one acre of marshe. 

Owen Vosse p acquit dat 12° Decemb' 1617, houldeth one 
messuadge and tenemt of lands cont' by estimaSon 14 acres or 
thereabouts within the said mafior, late in the hands of Griffith 
Beynon, with the appurtennce, to Owen Vosse, Jennett Donne 
his wife, and to , the first borne child of the 

said Owen Yosse lawfully begotten one the bodie of the said 
Jennett, in as large and ample maiier as the said Griffith 
Beynon occupied the same, rent yearlie 4i»., custom v«., just 
v«., 2 capons, 2 geese, suite of court, suite of mill, one her- 
riotte, fine 13/*. 68. Sd., paid lo/i. ; all 3 liveing. 

Owen aged 50, Jennett 30, and xiiij yeares. 



1S4 LORDSHIP OF GOWSR. 

Johan Vosse and Elizabeth Vosse p indent dat 25^ Septemb', 

40° ElizabethsBy houldeth one tenemt of land late in the tenure 

of Griffith Howell, cont' by estimaSon about 6 acres of land 

errable with one acre of marshe within the said manor, to John 

Yosse, Johaii Vosse, and Elizabeth Vosse, for theire 3 lives, 

rent yearlie 8^., custom 2«., just' I2d,, 2 capons, one herriotte, 

suite of court, suite of mill, fine not expressed; Johan' and 

Elizabeth liveing. 

Johan' aged 50, Elizabeth 48 yeares. 

Errab' 6 acres, j acre of marshe. 

John Hopkin p notam data 13® Junij 1630, houldeth one mes- 
suage and tenemt of land with the appurtennce late in the 
tenure and occupacon of Jo"* Vosse the yonger, latelie deceased, 
cont' by estimacon of errable laud 13 acres and an halfe, and 
3 quarters of marshe, and halfe an acre under the cliffe, in all 
15 acres more or lesse, scituat and lyeing within the said 
manor, in as large and ample maner as the said Jo° Vosse latelie 
helld and enioyed the same, to John Hopkin, Mary Lucas his 
wife, and , theire first begotten child, for theire 

3 lives, rent yearlie Is., custom v*., just vs., 2 capons, 2 geese, 
suite of courte, suite of mill, one herriotte, fine 30/e., tot' paid ; 
all 3 liveing. 

Jo° aged 30 yeares, Mary 30, and yearcs. 

14 acres err, 3 qf of marshe. 

Phillip Hoskin p indent dat ultimo Februar, 2^ Charoli, 
houldeth one messuage and tenement of land late in the tenure 
and occupacoii of Harry Phillip deceased, containing by esti- 
macon 13 acres of land, more or lesse, at Norton in the said 
maiior, with the appurten'nce, in as large and ample man'er as 
the said Harry Phe helld and enioyed the same, to Phe Hos« 
kins, Bichard Hoskins, and Nicholas Hoskins, second sonne 
to Phillip Hoskin aforesaid, for theire 3 lives, rent yearlie 
209., custom 28. 6d., just' 2s. 6d.y ij capons, twoe geese, one 
herriotte, suite of courte, suite of mill, fine 33K., tot' paid. 
Aged ; Phe 40 yeares, Richard 50, and Nicholas iiij yeares. 

Err xij acres, halfe an acre of meadowe, an acre of 

marshe. 



OXWICH MANOR. 135 

John Gamon p notam dat lo^ Februarij anno 1623, honldeth 
one messuage and tenemt of land, containing about 13 acres of 
enable, meadow, woodd, marshe, and wast' ground, to Jo*^ 
Gamon, and Margaret Hen? his nowe wife, for theire ^ lives, 
rent xvs., custom xiiijel., just^ xiiijJ., 2 capons, 2 geese, suite of 
court, suite of mill, one herriotte, etc. 

Jo° aged about yeares, Margaret about 32. 
Err about 6 acres, meadowe j acre, msh acres. 

John Howell p indenl dat xxij° Octob'r, an'o Charoli octauo, 
1632, houldeth one messuage and tenemt of land comonly 
called and known by the name of Underbill, cont' by estimacon 
about 28 acres more or less, landes err, medowe, marshe 
ground and waste, in as large ample man'er and forme as the 
same w^ the appurten'nce nowe are in the tenure and occu- 
pacon of the said Jo° Hoel and his assignes, lyeing and being 
wthin the maiio^ of Oxwch and Horton, to Jo° Hoell, Jo*^ Hos- 
kin, and Mary Lucas his nowe wife, for theire 3 lives, rent 
yearlie xxvij^., oust' 2s. loe/., justm 28, lod,, 2 capons, 2 geese, 
one herriott, suite of court, suite of mill ; all 3 liveing. 

John Hoell aged about 55, John Hoskin 30, and Mary 

Lucas 30. 

John Bowe houldeth the Castle and farme of Oxwich, containe- 
ing by estimacon one hundred and tenne acres errable, tenne 
acres or twelve meadowe, and about 60 of furzs, woodd and 
buroughs, and marsh 2 acres, but for what tearme and upon 
what condicons wee knowe not. 

Morgan Cradocke geiit houldeth one messuadge and tenemt of 
land voc Biwr hwch, containing about xxx^^ acres ad volunta- 
tem domini, rent xx^., 2 capons, and j herriott. 

The said Morgan Cradocke alsoe houldeth one close of land by 
itselfe, called Mansells pke, conF about v acres err, ad voluntat' 
dom and paieth rent xijJ. 

Edmond Johnes p indentur dat 5^ Novembr, anno 3^ Eliza- 
bethse, one tenemt of lands, cont' about viij acres errable, called 
Gwnons pkes wth the appurt' for his own life time nowe 



136 LORDSHIP OF OOWER. 

remaineing, etc., rent 39. ^d., 2 capons^ suite of court, suite of 
mill, and one herriotte. 

Edmond liveing aged about 50 yeares. 

TO the XT***, xvj*^, xvij***, and xviij*^, we saie that the Tjord 
hath noe Mill in the said manor, neither doe wee knowe that 
any j^sonnes doth intrude upon his roiallties, etc., neither doth 
the Lord employ any land to justment more than Porteinon's 
moore, neither hath the Lord any ffowling whereby any benefitt 
cann be made, that we knowe, within the said man'or as by 
this article is enquired. 

TO the xix"^ wee saie y* y® Lo of y® said maiio' hath time out 
of minde had y^ waiffes, estraies, felons goodds, treasure trove^ 
and seawreacks within the said man'or, and the bailiife did use 
to take notice thereof to the Lords use, and for ought wee knowe 
the Lord hath beenne answered thereof. 

TO the xx*^, xxj*\ and xxij*^, wee saie that there are noe 
mines nor quarries to our knowledge but lyme stones, etc., 
within the said man'or, neither anie rent to be paid that we 
knowe more than is paid, neither is there anie markett or faire 
at anie time of the yeare within the said manner. 

TO the xxiij*** wee saie that there is and hath been time out 
of minde a Leete or lawe daie for the said man'o'^ for the Lord 
(viz*t) twoe leets or Leete-courts yearlie, the one to be houlden 
neere May, and the other neere Michaellmas: and a court 
Baron everie three weekes or monthlie according to the lawe, 
and everie tennt making default of his appeance in Court leete 
to be amearced vjrf. and in court-Baron iijrf., and everie flBree- 
houlder to appe twice a yeare, and everie resient to appe twice 
a yeare dwelling uppon anie land held of the Lord within the 
said man'o^ and the said court may determine and trie causes 
and actions under ffortie shillings and not above, etc. : and 
there are court rowldes kept and extracts and the pquisitts are 
answered unto the officer in pte, and for some fewe, the ex- 
tracts are not come foorth, and the bailiffs doth use to arrest 
the gooddes of any tenn't or anie other psonne without anie 
other warrant, receaiueing for everie arrestmt . . ijrf. 



OXWICH MANOR, 137 

TO the xxiiij^ wee saie that the Church and psonnage of 
OxwSh is within the said man'or, and the noiation^ presentacon 
and gnift thereof belongeth unto the Lord of the said man'o^, 
and Mr. John Howard is incumbent there of the said psonnage 
and is aged about 60^ and the said liyeing is worth about 
zxiiij/$. p annu. 

TO the xxv*^ wee ^aie that wee knowe no lands concealed^ for 
that there are certain marsh grounds being saullt marshes wch 
the tenn'ts heareafter named, haue for a long time helld at 
will, and haue paid the rents unto the bailifie of the said 
man*or, as we conceaiue, William Stephen, j acre ; John Wil- 
liam, halfe acr ; Jo^ Beevan, hallfe an acre ; John Hoskin, one 
acre ; Jo^ Lewis, j acre ; Richard Pigge, j acre ; Phe Jeffrey, 
j acre ; Roger Gibbe, one acre ; William Price, 2 acres ; and 
that they do paie unto the bailieffe yi}d. for each acre, toF ixs. 

TO the xxvj*^ we saie y* wee knowe no talladges or knowledge 
mony due and paiable upon the death or alienation of the 
estate of the Lord of this man'or. 

TO the xxvij^ wee saie yt there are some places where meares 
have been upon Oxwch sands wthin y® said manor, and they 
are all in decay, and there hath not been this long ^time any 
plotts made of them not worth the charge of building them up, 
and theire rents are paid yearlie unto the bailieffe of the said 
manner, namelie, Thomas Francklen xijef., Richard Knaeth, 
Harry Spratt and Jennett Donne ij^., Richard Pigge vijrf., Jo^ 
Bowen vijc?., Isabell Hopkin iij«. iiijcf., John Beevan, W™ 
Lumley and Richard Lewis in the right of his wife ijs. — 
Richard Pigge and Jon Beevan . . • viijrf. 

TO the xxviij*^ we saie that we knowe no meane Lordshipps 
houlden of the said mano^ 

TO the xxix*^ we saie y* Dauid Bennett houldeth the Customs of 
the keyes of Ox wch and Porteinon, and that he hath the grant 
thereof under the late Lords hand for a long tearme yet endur- 
ing, and there hath benne some lymestones digged and trans- 
ported thence, and alsoe some other carriadgcs, and there is of 



188 LORDSHIP OF GOWER. 

custome due unto the Lord receaued for every horse transported 
there ijrf., for every beast jrf., euie sheepe a farthings for everie 
hogge a half penie^ etc. : and the marks and coulo" of all 
horses, cattle^ and sheepe haue ben accustomedly kept in 
writteing by such as receaiued the said custome for the Lord, 
wth the names of those who transported them^ the name of the 
boate and master thereof, wherhence it is and the tyme when 
they^ weare transported^ etc. : and there is for euerie shipp^ 
barke^ or boate that hath a cockeboate unto yt> wch shall come 
on ground iiij^. due unto the Lord for killaedge (vizt.) for 
euerie keele ijrf. 

TO the XXX*** we saie that the Lordes ten'ants did use to digge 
limestones upo Forteinons moore^ and to burne lime there 
without any restraint^ and one Hugh Gamon (not being the 
Lords ten*ant by lease) did digge lymestones and burne lyme 
uppon the said moore, but was restrained and doth disclaime 
from any title there unto himselfe or to his landlord, being 
ten'ant unto Dauid Jenkins esquier. And the Lords tenants 
paying justments did alwaies use to cutt furres and feames 
upon y® said moore, and none to our knowledge did ever seeke 
the Lords licence soe to doe, and we conceaiue y' they may doe 
soe still. Sut the said tenants did use by consent to leave some 
standing bushes of furres for shadowe and shelter unto theire 
sheepe and cattle depasturing upon the said justmt land. And 
when such standing bushes in convenient places for being pre- 
served and left, weare suddenly cutt and destroyed, they did use 
to threattne punishmt upon the offenders in that kinde : alsoe 
we saie y' W^ Lloyd did cut and fell furres upo the said moore, 
and did challeng speciall title unto a pcell of the said moore for 
y® furres and fearnes; but nowe disclaymeth upon our con- 
ference wth h'm of yt, and saith that he hath nothing to doe 
wth it, etc. There is 2 acres at the east end of y® said moore 
not enclosed, wch is parte of the tenemt of John Hoskin of 
Norton and specified in his lease, etc. : and we saie that there 
hath been a cottadge or twoe long sithence built upon the 
eadge or side of the said moore by y^ Lords pmissiS and consent 
of y^ tenants ; and we knowe none y^ doth clayme or challenge 



OXWICH MANOR. 139 

the Baid moore to theire freehould or to any other manor, etc.: 
and y« eaid moore containeth in measure or quantitie about 
acres of land as we doe conceaiue by estimacon, and y® said 
moore lyeth in the pishes of Penrice, Oxwich and Forteinon, 
and in the fowre manors (vizt.) Penrice, Horton, Oxwich and 
Porteinon, etc : And none heareafter at any time may digge 
lymestones on Porteynons moore, without the Lords licence, etc. 

And the said Porteinons moore is bounded as followeth ; Begin- 
ning at y^ lanes end wch leadeth from Oxwch greene to y® said 
moore at y^ southeast end thereof, and as y^ headge leadeth 
westward on the south side of it : the Lords land in y® tenure 
of Phillip Prisson called Furrsie pke, the headge of y® land of 
Richard Berry esqui' called Weasterslade in y* pishe and 
manor of Oxwch. The Lords land in y« tenure of y^ tenants of 
Horton. The freehould of W^ Bennett called y« Bakers pkes, 
Reinolds croft, etc. The Lords land in the tenure of Georg 
Lewis. The ffreehould of W^ Bennett called Sewards close at 
y« end of his Fursie pke. The Lo. land in the tenure of Jo° 
Lewis in the pishe of Penrice and manor of Horton. The Lo. 
lands in y* tenure of Phe Hoskin in y« pishe and manor of 
Porteinon, Phe Prichard, Frances Clement, Jo° Button, Georg 
Lucas and Thomas Button on y® south pte. The headges of 
y® lands of Dauid Jenkins esq' called Paviland, the land of 
Kichard Bach, the way from y* lands of Harry Price of Newton 
called Sluggs furres unto y® said moore on the west pte ; the 
headges of the landes of Dauid Jenkins esq' called Monkenland, 
the Lords lands in the tenure of Edward Curteis. The farmes 
of Scurlage Castle and Burry ; the tenement of Easteme Burry, 
the cottadge and guarden of Margery Lawrence, the land in 
y« tenure of Thomas Chaulke, the Brimsill pke of Jo° Bennetts 
ffi'eehould of Sanctuary, a close of y* Lo. land called Millers 
moore in y* tenure of Dauid Bennett, and thence as the ditch 
leadeth unto pte of Jon Howells tenemt on the north pte, and 
as y* headge of the said Jo** Hoells land leadeth southward unto 
John Hoskins land not enclosed, and southward as the said 
Jo° Hoskins land bordereth the said moore unto the lanes end 
leading thence to Oxwch greene, where we beganne. 



140 



LORDSHIP OF GOWER. 



TO the xxxj**' we saie y* some others not being y* Lo tefints 
hearetofore haue had libertie to depasture upon Porteinons 
moore paying justmt mony unto y* Lo. bailieffe during y« Lo. 
pleasure and not otherwise^ nor any longer, to our knowledge. 
And wee saie y* W" Bennett shewed us a licence under y* late 
Lo. hand dated 2^^ daie of October Anno Dfli 1620, giveing 
libertie for y*^ tenants and underteiints of him y« said W"* 
Bennett dwelling uppo his freehould lands at Horton, to 
depasture upon Porteinons moore, paieing tjc7. justmt yearlie 
during y« Lo. pleasure, and no longer. 

Koger Gibbe shewed us a note under the Lo. hand for his 
libertie to depasture upon Porteinons moore during pleasure, 
paying 2«. yearlie, his note bearing date y* xy*^ of June ^632. 

Bichard Bach shewed us a note under the late Lo. hand during 
pleasure, payinge five shillings yearely, there to depasture. 

TO the xxxij"** article we haue nothing to present. 

TO this our Presentmt we the said Jurie haue seuerally 
sette our hands and marks the daie and yeare first above 
written. 



Dav. Bennett. 
Griff. Bowen. 
John Vosse. 
Nicholas Bennett. 
Rca Wichard. 
Hugh Pfsson. 
John Batcock. 
+ William Beynon. 



Jurie 






Thomas Charles. 
+ Tho. Langley. 
+ Morgan Gamon. 
+ John Jenkin 

Thomas Prysson. 
+ Hugh Knayth. 
+ Phe Beevan. 
+ Bichard Knayth. 

Owen Howell. 

John Ball. 



SURVEY OF 



BISHOPSTON IN GOWER 



A.D. 1678-76. 



I 



MANERIUM BE BISHOFSTON. 



(% SSittY\\ ^tl ^^ ^^ ^^^ Manor, taken by the Homage 
** ^'Wi V*K thereof, in answer to the Articles given 
them in charge, at a Court Baron held in and for the s^ Manor 
the 8th day of January, Anno Dom. 1673, and delivered in a 
full Court held in and for the aforesaid Manor, on the first of 
November, in the six and twentieth year of the reign of our 
Sovereign Lord, Charles the second. Anno Dom. 1675, before 
W™ Thomas, then and there Steward. 

TO the First, the said Jurie they did say and present that 
Henry Griffiths holdeth by lease from the Lord of the said 
Manner, bearing date y® 23^ day of June, A. Dom. 1659, one 
tenement, containing one messuage called the Stone house, and 
one little cottage and two crofts, by estimation one acre ; and 
also one acre of wood, commonly called Bishop's wood, during 
the term of 99 years from the day of the date of the said lease, 
if Ezra Griffiths, Hen. Griffiths the younger, and Sam. Grif- 
fiths, three sons of the said Henry Griffiths, partie to the 
s^ lease, or any or either of them shall soe long live ; paying to 
the Lord yearly for the time endureing 3«. and six pence, 
besides other duties, and suites and services in the said 
lease specified and expressed, and over and above free and 
chiefe rents^-They further say and present that the aforesaid 
messuage, tenement and lands are subject and have yearly paid 
18. 6d. towards the makeing up the customary rent of the said 
manor (viz^) gd. at May and Michaelmas, whereof the memorie 
of man is not to the contrary. 



144 LORDSHIP OF GOWER. 

TO the Second they say, that the said Mannor extendeth from 
a place called PwUdy on the south, the brook or stream leading 
from Cradock Moor toward Old Mill, and the Lorp of Fennard 
on the west, and Cradock Moore on the north and east of the 
Lordship of Sir Edward Mansel, which lyeth about a village 
called Manselfield, and the Lorp of Oystermouth on the east, 
and the sea on the south. 



Freeholders. 

TO the Third they say, that Robert, Lord Brook, /i. s. d, 
houldeth at Bishopstown one tenement of lands 
now in the occupation of W°^ Thomas, containing 
by estimation i6 acres — ^paying to the Lord of 
the Mannor for the same • . . • oo . OS • 06 

Item, the said BoV Lord Brook houldeth one 
other tenement, in the occupation of Evan Wat- 
kin, by estimation about 14 acres, at the yearly 
rent of . . - . . . 00 . 05 . 08 

Item, they say that the s^ Bob. L. Brook hould- 
eth one tenement in the occupation of Bob^ Gamon, 
about acres, at the yearly rent of . . 00 • 00 . 10 

Item, the s^ Robert, Lord Brook, houldeth one 
tenement, in the occupation of Jenkin Bydder, 
and Thomas Bowen, about acres, at the yearly 
rent of • • . . • • 00 . 03 . 03 

Item, the s^ Bob^ Lord Brook, houldeth one 
messuage in the occupation of Bob^ Bydder, about 

acres, at the yearely rent of • . • cx> . 05 . 08 

And the Jury say and present that the mes- 
suages, tenements and lands of the said 
Bobs Lord Brook before mentioned, are 
subject and been accustomed yearly by 
even and equall porcons, to pay the afores^ 
rents, at May and Michaelmas, to make up 
the customary rent of the said Mannor, 
whereof the memorie of man is not to the 
contrary. 



3ISH0FST0N MANOR. 145 

Item, they present that the s^ BoV L*^ Brooke li. a. d. 

houldeth other lands, in the occupation of the 8^ 

Rob* Bydder, at the yearly rent of . . 00 . oo . 08 

S*^ Edward Mansel houldeth about half one acre of 

meadow ground, at the yearly rent of . • 00 . 00 . OO^ 

Bussie Mansel, and Charles Bowen Esqr^ houldeth 

one water grist mill, at the yearly rent of • 00 . 08 . 00 

Item, the s^ Charles Bowen houldeth about i an 

acre of meadow ground, in the Combs meadow, at 

the yearly rent of . • • . . 00 . 00 . 02 

David Benet, gefi, houldeth one water grist 

mill, and about nine acres of land, at the yearly 

rent of . . . • . • 00 . 00 . 10 

"Walter Thomas geii houldeth one messuage and 

tenement of lands, about xxx acres, lying and 

being at a place called Longashes, at the yearly 

rent of • • • • • • 00 . 02 . 00 

The above Walter Thomas his youngest brother 

is called Hopkin Thomas. 

William Beoet, gen, houldeth about two acres 

of meadow at the place called Comb Meadow, at 

the yearly rent of . . . . . oo . oo . 02 

William Johns, gen, houldeth, in the right of 

Cecill his wife, about one acre and a half of a 

meadow ground, at the yearly rent of • . oo . OO . 02 

Margaret David, wid., houldeth one messuage 

and about nine acres of land, at the yearly rent of 00 . 00 . 09 

Henry Watkins, in the right of his wife, houldeth 

about three acres of land, at the yearly rent of . 00 . 00 . 04 , 

William Barse houldeth four acres, at y« yearly 

rent of . . . . • . 00 . 00 . 04 

George Bydder houldeth one messuage and tene- 
ment of lands, by estimation about xvi acres, for 
the same . . . • . . 00 . 02 . 00 

Item, the said George houldeth, at Backingston, 
in the right of his wife, and W" Gamon, in the 
right of his wife, one messuage and 15 acres of 
land, at the yearly rent of . . . 00 . 00 . 08 



146 LORDSHIP OF 60WER. 

Walter Tho^ liouldeth one messuage and tene- li. s, d. 
ment of lands^ by estimation about 23 acres^ lying 
in Backinstouy paying yearly rent for the same . 00 • 03 . 03 
William Wibbern, y* elder, holdeth one mes- 
suage, about 28 acres, and clift ground, and wood, 
at the yearly rent of • • . . 00 • 04 . 03 

William Wibbern, the younger, houldeth the 
half of one acre, which he purchased of Henry 
Watkins, at the yearly rent of . . . 00 . 00 . 06 

W^ Hamon houldeth one messuage and about 
25 acres of land and one clift and wood, at y® 
yearly rent of . . • . . 00 . 03 . 00 

Kob^ Gamon houldeth divers messuages, tenem^, 
and about 54 acres of land, and a clift, at the 
yearly rent of . . . . . 00 . 06 . 05 

W"* Thomas and Griffith Parry houldeth two 
fields and pcells of land, y® one a close called 
Yengland, and other Southfield, about 2 acres, at 
the yearly rent of . . . . . 00 . 00 . 03 

W"^ Tho* houldeth one messuage, and about 5 
acres of land, late the lands of W°* Bowen, de- 
ceased, at the yearly rent of . . . 00 . 00 . 05 
David Hugh houldeth one messuage and garden, 
at the yearly rent of . . . . 00 . 00 . 01 
Thomas Bees houldeth one acre called Cutters, at 
the yearly rent of . . . . 00 . 00 . 01 
William Givelin houldeth one close called Bedly, 
and a clift, yearly paying for the same . . 00 . 00. 05 
Thomas Chalk houldeth, in the right of his wife, 
one close of land, at Backinston, by estimation 
about three acres, paying yearly . . . 00 . 00 . 03 
Henry Griffith houldeth about 7 acres by esti* 
mation, paying yearly for the same . . 00 . 00 . 07 
Isaac Hamon houldeth one house and 2 gardens, 
paying yearly for the same . . . 00 . 00 . 01 
William Hamon houldeth one house and quar- 
ter of ground near the Church, at the yearly 
rent of . . . . . 00 . 00 . 01 



BISHOPSTON MANOR. 147 

George Bydder^ in the right of his wife^ and It. s. d, 

William Gamon, in the right of his wife, houldeth 

one croft and garden near the Church, Paying 

yearly . . . . . .00.00.01 

TO the Fourth they say, that on the alienation of 
every tenant of all his freehold lands within the 
said Manner, there is due unto the Lord . . 00 . 05 . 00 

TO the 5*^ and &^ they are ignorant. 

TO the 7^ they say, there are no coppie-hold messuages, tene- 
ments or lands within the s^ Manner, but there are customary 
messuages, tenements and lands which doe passe from one to 
another, by way of surrender in Court, by the virge or rod, and 
the takers thereof doe, at their pleasure, take coppies for 
evidence. 



The Names of the Customary Tenants, and the Messuages, 

tenements and lands they hold, with the Bents and Services 

due and payable for the same yearly, are, as foUoweth. 

Customary Tenants. 

Arthur Mansel Esq*^ houldeth one close, by the 
name of the Croft, adjoining unto Manselfield, by 
estimation one acre at y^ yearly rent of /^d. and 
suit of court . . . . . 00 . 00 . 04 

Hopkin Thomas houldeth one croft by estimation 
one acre, adjoining unto the house of Longashes, 
at the yearly rent of is. and suit of court . . 00. 01 . 00 

William Wibborn, y® elder, houldeth one mes- 
suage with y® appteiices, and those closes called 
Zeles hill. Little hill, Slade lane. Little wythybed. 
Broad meade, by estimation about 6 acres, and 
one pcell of clift ground, at the yearly rent of 
5«. 8d^., and suit of court . . . . 00 . 05 . 08 

William Wibbern, y* younger, houldeth one mes- 
suage, w^^ apptefices, and those closes and pcells of 

u 



148 LORDSHIP OF GOWBR. 

land herein mentioned (viz^) Great wythy bed. It. s., d. 
Tway acres. Two silken mead, the Grove, Sker- 
borough, Little three acres, Mikon acres, Carswell 
hope, KiU house, Hooks limekiln, Whitly, y* 

2 Crofts, Oldway, Eastermouth way. Wester nor- 
way, Blindwell, Peterswell, and the wood, at a 
place called Bishopswood, and one close called 
Longland, the whole by estimation acres, at 

the rent o{ lis. and suit of court.. . . oo . 1 1 . oo 

The s** William Wibbern houldeth two closes of 

land w*^ he purchased of Henry Watkins, the one 

called Whitelay, and the other called Melson 

acres, by estimation about 3 acres, at y^ yearly 

rent of 15. and suit of court . . • cx> . Oi . cx> 

Robert Bydder houldeth one close, called Oldway, 

3 acres in Great northway, and 2 little meadows, 
called Pardons meadowes, at y® yearly rent of is. 

Sd. and suit of court . . • . 00 . 01 . 08 

John Frees houldeth one messuage, and those 
closes of land, (viz^ ^^c Souther-hooks, the Nor- 
ther-hooks, the Wood, the Souther hill land, the 
Middle hill land, the Norther hill land, Whitely, 
the crofts by the house, y« 2 Norway garp, and 
Hay longland, by estimation about 15 acres, at 
the yearly rent of 6s. ^d. and suit of court . 00 . 06 . 03 

Tho" Wibbern houldeth one messuage and those 
closes of land, (viz') the Reedings, Hill-land, y® 
Easter croft, the Wester croft, the Croft by the 
house, the two Longlands, and the Croft in the 
green, the whole by estimation about 10 acres, at 
the yearely rent of 4s. 8d. and suit of court . 00 . 04 . 08 

W™ Thomas houldeth one acre in Green well, a 
quarter by Hawkins croft, and y® 8'*^ pte of an acre 
besides, at the yearly rent of $d. and suit of court 00 . 00 . 05 
Thomas Hamon houldeth one acre in a close 
called Southfield, half an acre in y® Reeps, and 
2 Crofts, by estimation half an acre, at the yearly 
rent of is. 2d. and suit of court . . . 00 . 01 . 02 



B1SH0PST0N MANOR. 149 

Robert Gethin, in the right of his wife, houldeth li. 8. d. 
one messuage and croft adjoining thereunto, and 
one close of land called Jerrad's hill, by estima- 
tion about 2 acres, and one pcell in a close called 
y* 3 acres Close, at y* yearely rent of i*. 4d. and 
suite of court . . . • . cx> . oi . 04 

William Hamon houldeth one messuage and those 
closes and parcells of lands (videlicet) Barland 
parke, one pcell in the Reeps, Goosis hay. Redly 
way. Great pitland. Little pitland with Park, 
Allslade hill, and a little pcell thereunto belong- 
ing in Caddiborough, Great pill, Martin's Cross, 
one pcell in Feterwell woods, Gerrad's hill, the 
Wester hay, one house wherein David Harry 
dwelleth, and barn and stall thereunto belonging, 
and one house, garden and stall by the Croft, and 
payeth yearly for the same and suite of court . 00 . 07 • 06 
Henry Watkins houldeth one messuage w^ the 
appteiices and about acres of land, being in 
those closes, (videlicet) Hooks, Shepherds lane, 
Longland, 2 closes at North way, Skergrove, and 
an acre of wood, lying at a place called Bishop's 
wood, at the yearly rent of 3«. 4d,, and suite of 
court . . . . . . 00 . 03 . 04 

They say and further present, that the 
houses for the most parte, (viz^) the kitchen, 
a chamber thereunto adjoining, a barn, and 
a stable and cowhouse, and other houses 
thereunto adjoining, are ruinated and de- 
cayed, which was upon pte of the s* Henry 
Watkins' messuage before mentioned. 

William Thomas and Griffith Parry hold one 

close of land, which they purchased of Henry 

Watkins, called Linke hill, by estimation one 

acre, at y* yearly rent of 4d. and suite of court . (X) . 00 . 04 

Mary Bowen, wid, houldeth one messuage and 

those closes of land, (viz^) PwU dy land, two acres 



150 LORDSHIP OF GOWBR. 

and an acre in Southfield, an acre in Caddibo- It. s. d. 
roughs New parkc^ three acres and acre in Broad- 
acre^ two acres in Payland^ two acres and a half 
in Cornerpitj 3 quarters in Waterford, an acre in 
Yensland^ half an acre in the Reep^^ 2 quarters 
near the Churchy and a quarter in Pit meadow, 
and an acre in Great . , at the yearly rent of • 00 . 08 . 00 
Elizabeth Hopkin, wid, houldeth one messuage 
and those closes of land, (yiz^) Croft hey, Hay, 
Door parke. Redly way, Longland, Whythie bed, 
Skergroye, and an acre of wood in Bishop's wood, 
at y^ yearly rent of 49. ^. and suit of court . 00 . 04 . 04 

Griffith Givelin houldeth one messuage and those 
closes of land (vid^ Kill house, the 2 Milson 
acres, Borroughs, the 2 Peters wells, Moormot 
hill, the Little acre, the Long acre, and y® Wood, by 

estimation about 9 acres, at the yearly rent of . cx> . 05 . 04 , 

W° Barse houldeth one acre called Pavyland, an- 
other pcell in a close called Headland, and a croft 

under the hill of Bishopston, by estimation about * 

4 acres, at y* yearly rent of 3*. 6d. and suit of 
court . . . . . . 00 , 03 . 06 

Jenkin Bydder houldeth one messuage and those 

closes of land, (vid^) Wythy bed, Norway, Wythy 

parke, the Parke by the house, the Croft by the 

house, and an acre in a close called 3 acres, by 

estimation about 9 acres, at y° yearly rent of 

28. I id, and suite of court . . . cx> . 02 . 1 1 

Anne Tovey, wid, houldeth one messuage w*^ 

apptefices, and those closes of land (vid^) the 2 

Peterswells, Borroughs, Broadways, the two Link 1 

hills, the Easter croft, the Croft by the house and j 

Skergrove, at the yearly rent of 3*. 4rf. and suit of 

court . . . . . . 00 . 03 . 04 ( 

John Robin holdeth one close called Tway acres, 
another close called Three acres, by estimation 
about 4 acres and an half, and two other parcells 
of land, the one lying in a close called Milson 



BISHOPSTON MANOR. 151 

acres, and the other in a close called Longland, at K. s. d. 
the yearly rent of 28, 4d. and suit of court . . CXD . 02 . 04 

Thomas Bees houldeth one messuage and those 
closes of land (vid^) Martinland, the 2 Killhouses, 
the 2 Halfacres, Busland, and the foure closes by 
the house, a quarter in Carswell hope, and an- 
other quarter at Carswell clift, and a pcell of wast 
ground in Peterwell wood, at the yearly rent of 
75. and suit of court . . . . 00 • 07 . 00 

Thomas Chalke houldeth, in y® right of his wife, 
an acre of land, lying on the west pte of a close, 
called Southfield, at the yearly rent of 4<f , and 
suit of court . . . . . 00 . CXD . 04 

Thomas Wibbern houldeth one a messuage and 
two acres and an half of land, one acre lyeth in a 
close called Pitland, and the other in a close 
called Martin's croft, and the half acre in the 
croft or hay adjoining to the house at Bishop- 
ston, at y® yearly rent of i«. 2d, and suit of 
court . . • . . . . 00 . 01 . 02 

Elizabeth Griffiths houldeth one acre in a close 
called Fen-Sais, at the yearly rent of /^d. and suite 
of court . . . . . . 00 . 00 . 04 



The Customary Bent is , . . 05 . 06 . 08 

The Free Bent is . . . . 01 . 16 . 06 



Total . . 07 . 03 . 02 



We present, an open peece of land called Nunking clift do 
belong to the two messuages at Backinston, and to y^ other 
lands near adjacent there, unto the tenants and occupiers 
thereof. 

TO the S'**, they say and present, that Sage, now the wife of 
Henry Watkins, before her intermarriage with him, had one 
estate, for term of her life, in free and customary lands w*^in 
the said Manner, y° reversion thereof belonging to her now 



152 LORDSHIP OF GOWER. 

husband 9 y* s** Henry, and that he, the s** Henry, sould and 
estated pte of the freehold land upon Griffith Parry and W™ 
Thomas, and their heirs, by an indenture of bargain and sale, 
with one close of their customary lands, called Skergrove, by 
estimation half an acre^ worth p annum 3«. 4d. 

TO the 9^^ they say, y* the customary tenants have bin accus- 
tomed time out of mind, whereof the memorie of man is not to 
the contrarie, to let and set their customary lands, for any term 
of years, without y® Lord*s licence, and for term of life, soe 
that there was no liverie of seizin given thereupon, w*^out any 
forfeiture or contradiction. 

TO the lO*, 11*^, and 12*^, they are ignorant. 

TO the 13*^^, they say there are 4 pcells of open ground w*^in 
the s^ Manner belonging to the tenants, called Barland, Moore- 
ton green, Cobbin clift, and Bishopston hills, and that y^ 
tenants of the s^ manner have had y® use, benefit and enjoy- 
ment thereof, without contradiction let or interruption time out 
of minde, whereof the memorie of man is not to the contrary. 

And, as touching the Royalties, customes, and pquisites be- 
longing to the 8^ Manner, they say and present two Leet Courts 
in the year, to be held w^^n a month next after Michaelmas 
day, and within a month next after Easter day, upon viii days 
notice given, and Courts Baron monthly, upon viii days 
notice, if it be not kept at the month's end. And there is due 
to ye Lord of the s** Manner wayfes, estrayes, treasures trove, 
felons goods, wrecks, and by the custome of the said manner^ 
at the Leet Court at Michaelmas y® Grand Jury is to present 
two able tenants, or resiants, to be Constables for y® year ensu- 
ing ; and at the same court the Jury is to present 2 able cus- 
tomary tenants unto y* Steward, one thereof, at y^ steward's 
choice, to be sworn Reeve for y® ensuing year ; if he dye before 
ye end of the s^ year, he that is in election is to do that year's 
service. 

Also, they say and present yS all the tennants, both free and 
customary, by y® custom of y*' s^ manner, doe owe suit of court 



BISH0P8T0N MANOR. 153 

unto 7^ Courts held for and within the s^ Mannor ; and y® resci- 
ants to y° Leete Courts ; and^ in default of appearance, every 
of them to pay y* fines and amercements herein mentioned, 
(viz*) y® tenants virf., and resciants ^d. Freehoulders only 
appeare at y® Leete Courts unless it be upon speciall occasion 
they be thereunto required ; and within the s^ mannor there 
ought yearly to be 2 Constables, one of Mooreton for Mooreton, 
and one of Bishopston for Bishopston. The Beeve is to 
attach goods, and return artificers, and, in his absence a cus- 
tomarie tenant is to doe the service. Between customarie 
tenants there is no fee due, but between a resciant and a 
stranger. Y* upon swearing every tenant, there Is due to him 
I id. and to y^ Recorder iid. 

And further, it is the custom of the s^ Mannor, that every 
customarie tenant, of the age of 2i years, or upward, being 
seized in fee of any customare lands, have power, in person, or 
by letter of attorney, unless it be a femme covert, to surrender 
their customarie lands, or any part thereof, by y® rod, unto any 
person or persons, and to any use or uses whatsoever, at their 
pleasure, by y® customarie of jr* mannor, paying to the Steward 
18. 2d.9 and to y^ recorder 2d, Every tenant is to take a 
coppie thereof at their pleasure, paying to y® steward ii^. virf., 
to y« recorder i^., and where no estate is made certain to any 
pson or psons by surrender, his customarie lands, where dyed 
seized thi^reof a clear estate free from entails, doth descend to 
y* younger son only ; and if there be no son, then to y® younger 
daughter onely, and for want of such issue, to y^ nearest of kin 
in that natiire. 

And, upon every tenant's death, dying on his free or cus- 
tomarie land, there is due to the Lord of the s^ Mannor, accord- 
ing to y® custome thereof, y® tennant's best beast ; and, in case 
y<* tenant be not owner of a beast, then 5«. ; and if a tenant dye, 
neither on his customarie, nor on his freehold, and being seized 
of both at y® time of his death, there is due to the Lord, for a 
herriot z«. od. for y* one, and 5*. for y« other; and where y* 
husband dyeth seised in fee of customarie lands, not intailed 
by a former surrender, his widow, not having a jointure by or 



154 LORDSHIP OF GOWER. 

from him, ought, by y® custome of the s* Mannor, to enjoy y* 
s^ customarie lands during her widdow estate next after his 
decease. 

Moreover, they say and psent y*, such limestones as are digged 
at a place called Cutters wout y* fallse within the s*^ Mannor 
and carried away ; ought first, by the diggers and carriers 
away, to be compounded for with y® Lord of y® s** mannor to 
whome the quarries doe belong. Also y® Reeve is to collect 
and gather y® rents, fines, amercements, and herriots, y® cus- 
tomarie rent is to be paid yearly at May and at Michaelmas, by 
equall portions, and the free rent at Michaelmas only. 

Further, they say and present that, whereas there is a common 
of Oar, growing in the sea, belonging to y® tenants of the said 
Mannor, by the custome of y® said mannor, none are to cut, or 
carry away any of the s^ oar untill a certain day in April, and 
upon such a day as William Wibbern, W™ Hamon, and Rob' 
Gamon, or any two of them, their heirs or assigns shall appoint, 
by the space of viii dayes before the cutting and carrying of 
the s^ ore, upon pain of X8. amercement unto the Lord of the 



s^ mannor. 



Guliet Thomas, 

Seneschall ibidem. 



SURVEY OF 



LANDYMOR IN GOWER 



A.D. 1598-1602. 



i 



LANDYMOR MAN NOR, 



^S\^\iP 39i\\Y\iTt% ^^ ^^ Manor aforesaid taken the 
t, ' :, 29th day of July in the 40th year 

of the reign of our Sovereign Queen Elizabeth of Great 
Brittain [1598]: And in the 44th year of the same Queen's 
reign was taken the /th^ 8th and 9th days of August [1602]. 
By Hugh Sanctford Esq% Thomas Mansell and William Kent 
for the Rt Hoil. William Erie of Pembroke. 



Jury swome 



Hopkin Dawkins. 

Owen Gwynn. 

Thos. Phillips Mansell. 

Harry Bowen. 

Bichard Bydder. 

David Harry. 

Jn*. Bynon, de Byry's. 



Owen Bach. 
Thomas Jenkin. 
David Nicholas Walter. 
Hopkin Long. 
Phillip Jn^ Nicholas. 
George Leyshon. 
WiUiam Lloydd. 



Griffith John Nicholas. 

THE antient bounds and meares of the said Manner is and 
time out of mind hath been as foUoweth :— ^Beginning at the 
fall of the water of the river of Burry into the great river of 
Loughor^ and as the same river of Burry leadeth into a well 
called Dervill*s well, and from Dervill's well southward to a 
place called the Old Fort on Lanmadock down, and from 
thence eastward right along the hedge being the landseare 
between the lands of Phillip Cradock and die lands of Sir 
Thomas Mansell Kiit. called Bhyer hwch, and so leadeth 
eastward to the high way that leadeth to the Stone mill, and so 



158 LORDSHIP OF OOWER. 

as that way leadeth unto a bridge upon the river of Burry 
called the Stone bridge^ and so eastward as the said river 
Burry leadeth up to the north corner of Lewis Jones' his 
hedge^ and as the said Lewis Jones' east hedge of his close 
leadeth up to the high way that leadeth from Stembridge 
towards Llangennith^ and as that high way leadeth eastward to 
the west hedge of a close called the Little Wimmills^ and as 
that hedge leadeth northward to the west hedge of Alii fields 
and as that hedge leadeth to the west hedge of Burgwin's 
park, and so as the hedge of that close leadeth northward to 
the way that leadeth from Landimor towards Swanzey, and so 
crossing the said way to the eastern hedge of a close now in 
the hands of David Batcock called the 3 Acres, and so as that 
hedge being the landseare between the demeasnes of Wibley 
and the Lordship aforesaid leadeth northwards to the south 
side of y® wood called Wibley wood, and so as that hedge 
leadeth westward to a hedge in the place called the Slade 
being the lands of William White, and so as that hedge leadeth 
eastward to the west hedge of Jenkin Hopkins great close 
called the Seven acres, and as that hedge leadeth northward 
to a ditch being the landseare between Jenkin Hopkin's 
meadow and William White's meadow, and so as that ditch 
leadeth unto the marsh being the commons without division 
between this Lordship and the Lordship of Weobley, and so 
northwards as the great river of Loughor leadeth to the fall of 
the water of the river of Burry aforesaid. 

Within the said circuits there lyeth a grist mill of Thomas 
Aubrey's, called Cheriton mill, and two acres of land called 
Rose acre being the land of Hopkin Dawkin, being parcells of 
the Lordship of Lanmadock. 

Also, there is within the said circuit two pieces or parcels of the 
said Hopkin Dawkins lands, which isholden under the Mannor 
of East Green-wich 

Also, there is within the said circuit two acres of land being the 
lands of William Thomas in the hands of Hopkin Dawkins, 
which abuteth on the north side of the pond of the Stone mill, 
holden under the Lordship of Reynoldston. 



lANDTHOR MANOR. 159 

LLANRHIDIAN. 

Also^ there is a parcel of the said Lordship of Landymor called 
Llanrhidian, in the parish of Llanrhidian, whose meares and 
landseares have been time out of mind as foUoweth : Beginning 
at the fall of the river Morlais unto the great river Loughor, 
and so as the said river of Morlais cometh from the eastward 
to the west hedge of a close called Llwn yr awst^ and so as that 
hedge leadeth southward to the high way that leadeth to the 
Chapel Kae y newyn towards Harvey Thomas Nicholas's 
house called Kay n Robert to the east hedge of Harry 
Gwynn's lands^ and so as that hedge leadeth southward to the 
highway that leadeth to y If ewers field and crossing over the 
way to the west hedge of Bryn y gware^ and so as that hedge 
leadeth southward to the north hedge of a meadow called 
North hills^ and so as that hedge leadeth westward to a lane 
that leadeth towards Ty r coch^ and as that hedge leadeth to a 
east hedge of a piece of waste land called the Forest^ and so as 
that hedge leadeth to Kythrid water, and as that water run- 
neth from the northwards to a south hedge of Jenkin Franklin 
esquire his meadow^ and so as that hedge leadeth westward to 
a north hedge of the Queen's meadow called y Waine hir, and 
so as that hedge leadeth westward to the west end of the 
Queen's meadow called y Waine hir aforesaid, and so as that 
hedge leadeth southward to the wester corner of a close called 
the Well acre, and so as that leadeth southward to the south 
hedge of a close called Park of rhedyn, and so as that hedge 
leadeth westward to the east hedge of a close called Kae 
maine, and so crossing the highway that leadeth from Kelly 
Uibion to Llanrhidian to the easter hedge of a close called Kay 
Howell, and so as that hedge leadeth southward to the hedge 
being the landseare between it and the s^ commons that leadeth 
westward to Freedown, and from thence to the eastern hedge 
of a close called Besse park, and as that hedge leadeth from 
Jenkin Mansel's field toward Swanzey, and so crossing that 
way to the wester hedge of a close called Martin's acre, and as 
that hedge leadeth westward to the wester hedge of a close 
called the Sick-man hill, and so as that leadeth to the easter 



160 LORDSHIP OF GOWBR. 

hedge of Jenkin MansePs wood called Leaston wood, and as 
that hedge leadeth to the east side of a close called Hodge 
hill parke, and as that hedge leadeth to the marsh being the 
commons without division between the Lordship of Landymor 
and Wibley aforesaid^ and so southward to the river of Loughor 
to the fall of the river of Morlais aforesaid. 

And the Jury further saith^ that there are within the said 
circuit and meares certain tenements and parcels of lands 
which are not holden of the said Manor of Landymor^ the 
certainty whereof cannot appear to the Jury. 

ROSILLY. 

Also^ there is a parcel of the aforesaid Lordship of Landymor 
called Rhosilly, whose meares and boundes have been time out 
mind as foUoweth: — Beginning at a well called Tall-garth- 
Well and joining to the hedge of Owen Perkin's land called 
Freeland^ and so as that leadeth southward to Elliot's Cross, 
from thence and crossing the land as the hedge leadeth to a 
hallar (sic) called Stephen's Torrs, and there hence as a stone 
wall, being a landseare between this Lordship and the lands of 
W Price Esq., leadeth to a little creek called Newslade, and 
so westward by the side of the sea to the farthermost or point 
of Wormshead, being within the Lordship' afs^, and so north- 
ward by the side of the sea to the fall of the Dilly-lake being 
the landseare between the parish of Langennith and Bosilly, 
from there hence to a hedge that leadeth to the north side of a 
house called Hillend being the lands of Sir William Herbert, 
and so eastward and southward as the meares leadeth to the 
Commons of RosiUy down by the house and through the 
garden within seven feet of the east side wall of the house of 
Gronow directly to Tally garth-well afs^. 

And the Jury sayeth, that there are within the s^ circuits and 
meares aforesaid certain tenements and parcels of land within 
the bound aforesaid not holden of the s"^ Manor. 

NoTA. — ^This was delivered to the Steward, Geo. Owens Esq. 
upon the first Survey in the 40th year of the reign of Queen 



LANDTMOR MANOB. 161 

Elizabeth the 29th day of July, not as our presentments but 
for the bounding of the Lordship as near as we could judge in 
every Parish. 

A piece of the down called Lanmadock down from Dervills 
well to Phillip Cradock's grounds is the Lord's commons to 
the tennants of Landymore and Wibley, and there hence to the 
lands of Sir Thos. Mansel Kfit, and there hence to the Bull- 
Warke of Rosilly down^ and Riery down, and one moiety 
caUed Rhyier-hwch moor^ and a parcel of ground containing 
by estimation 10 acres reaching from Leaston wicke to Griffith 
Jeffrey's ground, be all the Lord's commons for tenants and the 
inhabitants of the Lordship of Landymor and Wibley, 

There is for pounding — ^for ox, cow, or bullock, one halfpenny, 
and for every horse one penny. 



i 



SURVEY OF 



MILLWOOD al's S\ J0HN3kcto SWANSEA. 



A.D. 1584. 



MANERIUM BE MYLWOOD. 



A Survey there 



jHanot of jHaitoooti 

late Parcel of the Possessions of Saint | ^ 

, ^ T • -CI 1 J of April in the 26th 

John of Jbrusalbm m England. J ^ 

year of the reigne of 
Elizabeth^ by the grace of God, Queen of England Ffrance and 
Ireland, Defender of the Faith, etc. ; by Leyson Pryce and 
Walter Vaughan, esquires, George Mansell and John Pry^e, 
gentlemen. Commissioners there of the said Lady the Queen, 
by yirtue of a Commission of the same Lady the Queen, under 
the seal of her Exchequer at Westminster, bearing date the 
1 2th day of Ffebruary in the aforesaid year of the reigne of Her 
said Majesty, by the oath and view of Thomas Ffranklyn, 
Hopkin John Griffith, Morgan David Thomas, David Morgan 
ap Bees, Hopkin Morgan John, Gr. Hoell, Jenkin John Robert, 
William Griffith, Philippe John Nicholas, gentlemen, John ap 
Einon, David Harry Morgan, John Gwynne, Gr. Gibbs, 
Philip Owen, Robert Batcock, and Bees Bowen, &c., which 
Jurors, &c. 

Free Tenants. 

IN the Ffirst place they present, that Hopkin 
John Gr. ap Owen Gethin holds one tenement 
in the parish of Llangafelach late in the tenure 



166 LORDSHIP OF OOWEB. 

of John Horton and afterwards in the hands 
of Thomas ap Roser in socage by fealty and 
rent at the Feast of Saint Michael the Arch- 
angel only yearly paid . • . j«. iijrf. 

The same Hopkin holds certaine land's late in 
the tenure of John William Lloyd and before 
in the tenure of David Donne ap Henry in 
the parish of Llangafelach aforesaid in socage 
by fealty and rent paid yearly as aboue, . ijd. 

The same Hopkin on account of the land of 
John ap Owan ap Henry in the parish of 
Saint John paid as above at the feast aforesaid ixd. 

The same Hopkin on account of the lands of 
Dayid ap Hopkin called Game lledan in the 
parishe of Saint John paid as above . . xjd. 

The same Hopkin on account of the land of 
levan ap GwiUiam ap Hopkin ap Eichard in 
the parish of Llangafelach paid as above . zj^cf. 

The same Hopkin for the land of levan ap levan 

laney paid as aboue . * . . ivcf. 

The same Hopkin on account of the land of David 

Gwilliam Meredith paid as above • • iyd. 

The same Hopkin on account of a parcel of land 
called Gwain yd wen in the parish of Saint 
John paid as above .... ivc^. 

Philip John Nicholas holds one tenement late in 
the tenure of John Nicholas his father at Kil- 
vai in the parishe of Swansey paid as above • js. 

Elizabeth widow of Edward holds a parcel of 
land in the name of jointure late in the tenure 
of Matthew Owen Jenkin her husband in the 
parish of Llangafelach and the revercion of the 
said land remains to the heirs of the said Mat- 
thew paid as aboue .... rd. 

Jenkin John Roberts holds one tenement in the 
parishes of Saint John and Llangavelach late 
in the tenure of David Thomas ap PhiUp paid 
as above . . . • j«. yjd. 



MILLWOOD MANOR. 167 

Maud widow of John Morgan holds one tene- 
ment in the parish of Saint John paid as aboue js. vjcf. 

The same Maud holds a parcel of land called 

Kae yn y weme paid as above . . yjd. 

Bobert Boger holds a parcel of land called Kae 
pen y post in the parish of Saint John paid 
as above . . . . . js. ijid. 

Margaret Williams now the wife of Gr. Hoell 
holds one tenement in the parishe of Saint 
John late the land of William Jenkin Thomas 
Vechan paid as aboue .... j^. ij^d. 

Morgan Dd. Thomas and John Matthew Morgan 
hold one tenement in the parish of Saint John 
paid as above . • . . > )s. Yijid. 

Owen Harry holds one tenement called Fen 
Uewyn Robert in the parish of Saint John 
paid as above . . • . . iij^. 

John Harry Ffranklyn holds a parcell of land in 

the parish of Llangafelach paid as above . jd* 

David Morgan Rees holds a parcel of land in the 
parish of Llangafelach formerly in the hands 
of David ap Hopkin paid as above • • yd. 

Ross Thomas John David ap Hopkin holds a 
parcel of land late in the tenure of Hopkin ap 
David paid as aboue . . . . js. \}d. 

William Dawkin holds one house and garden in 

the parish of listen paid as above . . ij J. 

John Bennett holds one tenement* with the ap- 
purts at Fenrice late in the tenure of Thomas 
Crompe in socage by fealty and rent at the 
feast of Saint Michael the Archangel only pay- 
able as above . . • . • xiij^* iv</. 

Matthew William holds an acre of land at 
Louchor as above .... ivd. 

John Ffranklen holds one tenement in the pa- 
rishe of Llanridian late in the tenure of Grif- 
fith Yorath^ of the grant of John Saint John^ 

* Called the Sanctuary. 



168 LORDSHIP OF OOWER. 

and one tenement in the parish of Llanridian 
aforesaid, late in the tenure of William Geffery, 
of the grant of Thomas Donne, and also cer- 
tain land in the aforesaid parish of Llanrhidian^ 
late in the tenure of John Landege, and certain 
land at Leistoune, late in the tenure of Hugh 
Gr to be paid as aboue . . . ij«. 

Philip Owen holds a tenement with the appurts 
at Leistonne aforesaid, late in the tenure of 
Richard Owen, payable as above . . js. iijd, 

David Harry holds one acre of land in the parish 
of Llanrhidian, late in the tenure of Thomas 
Crompe, payable as above . . . . iijd, 

Morgan Creek holds one tenement with the ap- 
purts in the parish of Fenmayne, late in the 
tenure of Philip David, payable as above . ij#. 

Sir Edward Mansell knight holds certain lands 

in the parish of Reinouldston, payable as above ind. 

Morgan John Gwyne holds one tenement with 
the appurts in the parish of Reinoldston, late 
in the tenure of David Harrye, payable as aboue j«, iijd. 

John Beynon holds one tenement with the ap- 
purts in the parish of Landewi, late in the 
tenure of James Thomas esq^ and Jenkin 
Mansell gentleman, paid as above . . iijs. 

Robert Batcock holds one tenement with the ap- 
purts in the parish of Llandewy near Burres- 
head, paid as above . • • . ij«. 

Griffin Gibb holds one tenement in the parish of 

Penrice at Horton, paid as above , , vs. 

Morgan Yaughan holds certain lands in the pa- 
rishe of Penrice called Baker's park, paid as 
above ...... iJ8» 

Thomas Ffranklen holds certain lands in the 
parish of Oystermouth in Mumbles field, paid 
as aboue . . . • • ixd. 

David Webure holds certain lands in the parish 

of Oystermouth in Mumbles field, paid as above iijrf. 



MILLWOOD MANOR. 169 

Free Tenants in the Townes of Swansey and Louchor. 

Sir William Harbart knight holds one house in 
which Thomas Yaughan now dwelleth^ paid as 
above ...... yjrf. 

Robert William Philip holds one house and gar- 

den» paid as above .... Yjd, 

John Beed for one house where John Richard 

now d wells j paid as aboue . iijd. 

Jenkin Ffranklen on account of one house where 

Philip Gamon now dwells, paid as above • vjd. 

William Jenkin Dawkin for one house late in the 

tenure of Robert Smith, paid as above . vjrf. 

The same William on account of another house in 

which Robert Button now dwells, paid as above vjrf. 

Hopkin Morgan John for one house late in the 

tenure of Richard Clement, paid as above . iijr/. 

William Griffith for one house and garden which 
Margaret Conykee now possesses, payable as 
above ...... iijrf. 

Agnes widow of Owen for one house near the 

Churche of Swansey, to be paid as above . yjd, 

Henry John William holds one dilapidated house 
and garden late in the tenure of John William 
his father and before in the tenure of John ap 
Jevan David, to be paid as aboue . . ivcf. 

David Rees ap Rees holds one house and one acre 

of land at Loucher aforesaid, payable as above ivef. 

Matthew William Price Lloid holds one dilapi- 
dated house at Loucher late in the tenure of 
William Price, payable as above . ivrf. 



Summa totalis of rents of Free tenants . Iviij^. ijr/.^ 



Customary Tenants, or Tenants by the Rod, according 

to the Custom of the Manor. 

Robert Ross^ holds one parcel of land in the 
parish of Swansey and renders yearly (to wit) 

* Mem, lTij#. xc?., i\jd. too much, some p'cell is omitted. (»ic orig.) 



170 LORDSHIP OF GOWBR. 

at the fFeasts of Philip and James and Saint 
Michael the Archangel^ by equal porcions paid iij«. 

Richard ap Owen ap Jenkin holds one acre of 
land in the parishe of St. John, payable as 
above ....•• j^. 

Rees ap Owen holds two acres of land in the 
parish of St John late in the hands of Owen 
ap Jevan, payable as aboue . . . ij«. 

John Matthew Owen holds one parcel of land in 
the parish of St. John late in the tenure of 
Owen Tomkin, payable as above . . iijs. 

Agnes Owen holds one garden at Saint John 
late in the hands of Richard Yor^ payable as 
above ...... iijcf. 

David Morgan ap Rees holds one tenement in the 
parish of St. John formerly the land of Rees 
Gwither, payable as above . . . iijs. 

Robert Morgan David Thomas holds one tene- 
ment with the appurtenances in the parish of 
Saint John called Kae sheast, payable as above iijs, 

Robert Roger holds a parcel of land called Wai- 
nidd y brynwidd in the parish of St. John, 
paid as above , . • • • j^* ij^* 

Maud widow of John holds a parcel of land called 
Kae Walter in the parishe of Saint John, paid 
as above ..... vjc/. 

John Matthew Tompkin holds a parcel of land 
called le Wrench in the parish of Llangevelach, 
payable as aboue .... ijs. ivcf. 

David Morgan ap Rees holds a parcel of arrable 
land called le Wrench ycha in the parish of 
Langevelach, paid as above • . . ivd. 

John William David ap Hoel holds a parcel of 
meadow called Morva Slebege in the parish of 
Llangevelach, payable as above . . iijrf, 

Owen Harrie holds a parcel of land called Pen 
lluin March in the parishe of St. John, paid 
as above ..... vjrf. 



MILLWOOD MANOB. 171 

The same Owen holds one tenement with the ap- 
piirts called Ejiouch janie gough in the pa- 
rish of Saint Jehn^ paid as aboue . . \jd. 

Bichard ap Owen Gethin holds one parcel of 
land called Eccles tirch in the parish of Lan- 
g^g^9 P&^d as above • . . . j«. 

John Ffrankelyn holds one messuage, arable land, 
meadow, pasture and other lands in the parish 
of Saint John by lease thereof for a term as 
yet not ended, rendering yearly at the feasts of 
Saint Michael the Archangel and Blessed 
Virgin Mary, paid by equal porcions . • xij«. ivrf. 

Boger David Sadler holds one tenement with the 
appurts in the parish of Swansey formerly in 
the tenure of John Thomas Sadler senior, by 
lease thereof for a term not yet ended, paid as 
aboue ...... iv«. 



Sum total of rents of the Customary tenants . j/». xviijs. ijd. 



Tenants for a term of years. 

John David Batha holds the half of one tenement 
with the appurtenances in the parish of Lan- 
ridian called St. Johnes land by lease thereof 
rendering therefore yearly at the feasts of Philip 
and James and of Saint Michael the Arch- 
angel, paid by equal porcions . . • j«. nd. 

John Price holds half of the aforesaid, paid as 

above at the feasts aforesaid . . . js. xd. 

David ap William Hopkein holds one acre of 

land in the parish of Lanridian paid as aboue J8. 

Jenkin Mansell holds a parcel of land called le 
Court landes in the parish of Llanridian con- 
taining by estimation seven acres, paid as above viijs. 

John Ffrankclin holds one dilapidated Wear upon 



172 LORDSHIP OF GOWER. 

the water of Taweye near Trevythva, paid as 

above ...... J^- 



Sum of rents of Tenants for term of years . xij«. ixcf. 



Sum total of the rents of the Manor aforesaid vlu ixs. jd. 



Ley* Price. George Mansell. 

Walter Vaughan. Jo. Pryce. 



Memorandum^ that the said Jurors present the said Manor of 
Millwood not only to be dispersed in divers parishes in the 
said county, but also that the aforesaid tenements in the said 
parishes be separated and distinguished from each other by se- 
parate distances, so that the said Manor in no wise could be 
bounded, nor could the aforesaid Jurors define the limits of the 
aforesaid Manor. 

Also the aforesaid Jurors present, to have been holden in the 
said Manor from time to time (whereof memory is not to the 
contrary) a Court Baron from month to month by a forewarning 
of eight days, at which court the free tenants only are bound to 
appear twice in the year, unless when they be specially sum- 
moned. 

Also they present, no timber, wood, or underwood, to be grow- 
ing of the Lady the Queen in the said Manor. 

Also the said Jurors present, that whenever a free tenant of the 
Manor aforesaid, or a tenant by the rod, according to the 
custom of the Manor, shall die, five shillings is due to the 
Lady the Queen in the name of an heriot ; and if the same 
person be as well a freeholder as a tenant according to the cus- 
tom of the manor, he shall pay ten shillings. (Except only the 
landes in the townes of Swansey and Louchor, for which no 
heriot ought to be paid.) 



MILLWOOD HANOB. 17S 

Also the said Jurors present tho common fame to be^ that a 
certain parcel of land^ commonly called Gweme Hill^ by esti- 
mation 30 acres English measure^ in which the said tenants inha- 
biting the parishes of Saint Johns and Llangeyelach ought to 
have free pasture, as well for horses and cattle, as sheep. 

Ley. Pryce. George Mansell. 

Wa. Vaughan. Jo. Price. 



Rents Resolute or pensions issuing from the Rectories 

aforesaid. 

From the Rectory of listen, of which the pa- 
tronage belongs to the said Lady the Queen, 
yearly . . , . . . iJ5. 

From the Rectory of Loucher, of which the pa- 
tronage belongs to the said Lady the Queen, 
yearly ..... iv«. 

From the Rectory of Penmayne, of which the 
patronage belongs to the said Lady the Queen, 
yearly ...... ij«. 

From the Rectory of Porteynon, of which the 
patronage belongs to the said Lady the Queen, 
yearly ...... vj«. viijrf. 

From the Rectory of Rossilli, of which the pa- 
tronage belongs to the Lady the Queen, yearly ij«. 

From the Rectory of Cheriton, of which the pa- 
tronage belongs to the said Lady the Queen, 
yearly ...... ij«. 



Sum of Pensions aforesaid • xviij^. Yiijd 



Rectories of Fenrice and Lanridian. 
Philip ap Owen John ap Owen and Gr. William 



174 LORDSHIP OF GOWBB. 

hold the aforesaid Kectories of Penrice and 
Lanridian^ by grant of a lease thereof for a term 
as yet not ended, rendering therefore yearly at 
the feasts of Saint Andrew the Apostle and 
Pentecost .... xxxjli. zij«. iijcf. 



Sum total of the Pensions and Rectories 

aforesaid • . • . xzxij2i. xs. xjd. 



Summa totalis of the Manor aforesaid and 
Bectories aforesaid and the Pensions 
Thirty Eight Pounds . xxxTiijK. 



Ley. Price. Walter Vaughan. 

Jo. Price. 



SURVEY OF 



KAEGURWEN IN GOWER. 



A.D. 1610. 



i 



MANERIUM BE CA^QVRWEN. 



jHianot of iiaegiirtoen* ^* ^^^^ ^aron 

Court of the 
E* Hoiible William Earl of Pembroke, held at Noyadd wen the 
19*** day of April in y* 8^** year of King James y* I"* and in the 
year of Our Lord 16 10. Before David Williams, Bichard ap 
John, John Prichard, and David John, gent", by Commission 
from William Price Esq' then Farmer of the said Manor. 

Names of the Jury. 



David Tho*. ap Morgan. 
Richard ap John. 
John Richard ap John. 
John William Price. 
Jenkin David. 
Rees ap Jenkin. 
Jevan David ap Jevan 
David Hopkin. 



Thomas John David. 
Richard John David ap Owen 
John Richard Hopkin. 
Rees ap Richard. 
Ll° Morgan. 
Hopkin Rees Griffith. 
Rich^ Thomas 
John Rees ap John. 



The verdict presentment or answer of the aforesaid Jurors to 
certain Articles given them in charge to enquire of, on the part 
and behalf of the Lord of the said Manor, at the aforesaid Court 
by the Commissioners aforesaid. 

Imprimis, they present and say, that the Lordship and Manor 
of Kaegurwen aforesaid is situated and lyeth within the meers 
and lanchers hereafter ensuing, that is to say, it begineth in 
the north-east at a place there which divideth between the same 
LoP. and the common of the Lord Audley called T mynydd dy 
called Kenol y gors helig where the water there naturally 



178 LORDSHIP OF GOWBR. 

taketh its course eastward^ and butteth npon and with the run- 
ning of the same water to the river of Llynfell^ and passeth 
along the side of the said river of Llynfell southward about a 
quarter of a mile till the same meeteth with an old ditch there 
called Clawdd tomen Owen^ and by and with the same ditch 
passeth between east and south to the river called Twrch, and 
along the side of the said river Twrch it passeth southward till 
the same boundeth upon the lands of Lewis Griffith gent*^, 
being part of the lands of the Lo. of Gower bearing into the 
way and called y Rhy wrdy gwnion, where it is to be noted that 
the Com of Brecknock was always of the east side of the said 
river of Twrch against the said Lord^ of Kaegurwen till this 
place. And here the meere runneth westward , and passeth 
from the said river of Turch to a place called Bryn y twyn^ 
thence to Bjyn y ffrolbert, thence to Nant-y-bompren, thence 
to a place or heap of stones called y Garn ar ben y rhwfaur, 
then it passeth by a pathway leading westward till the same 
way passeth to a place called y Garn Uwd, which Garn Uwyd 
standeth within the said Lo. and on the north side of the said 
way^ then it passeth as the said way leadeth to a place called 
y Ffos heleg, then to a place called y Bhyd garregos, somewhat 
near to a place called Carn v redydd^ and on the south side of 
the said Vredydd then to a place called Bryn y waen^ then to a 
brook called Nant y gasseg^ and then the said Lordship butteth 
upon the same brook called Nant y gasseg always westward till 
the same brook cometh to a place there called Gors y versach, 
at which place it turneth northward and butteth upon the 
water called Nant y gors till the water of the said brook called 
Nant y gors do begin his natural course towards the south, 
till which place it had always on the other side of the said 
meere the Lo. of Gower from the said river of Turch, then it 
butteth in Gors y versach aforsaid, along the brook there which 
taketh his course northward, called y Garnant, which divideth 
there between the said Lo. and the parish of Bettws in the 
county of Caermarthen, and having passed northward about a 
half a mile along that brook side, then the same Lo. again 
turneth along that brook side westward and foUoweth that 
brook till the same falleth in the west into the river of Aman» 



1 



XAEOURWBN IfANOR. 179 

Then it tameth upwards between north and east along the side 
of the said river Amman and as the same water heretofore ran 
and now runneth till it cometh nigh unto a place called y Bhyd 
wen ar Amman. There it standeth and passeth eastward along 
the water side that runneth westward in a place called 7 Gors 
helig till the same then taketh his beginning to run westward^ 
and there joineth unto the beginning of the said meere. 

Item^ they present and say^ that the Lord's tenants of the said 
Lordship are customary holders^ and do hold their lands by the 
virge or rod to them and their heirs for ever^ and that they are 
neither freeholders nor copyholders otherwise than aforesaid, 
and the names of the Customary tenants do follow, with the 
rents duties and heriots due upon them in respect of their 
tenements, and all the messuages upon the same customary 
lands are parcels of their several customary holds. 

Imprimis 

David Thomas ap Morgan holdelh one messuage 
and tenement of lands with the appurtenances 
now in the occupation of the said David called 
Eskair y Uwn kyll, at the yearly rent of mjd. 

Jenkin ap Bees and Bees ap Jenkin his son 
holdeth one messuage and tenement of lands 
with the appurtenances called Bryn yeddis 
gwylfa, at the yearly rent of . . . . ijd. 

The said Beea ap Jenkin holdeth one parcel of 
meadow with the appurtenances, part of the 
Wain fawr, at the yearly rent of . }d. 

Bichard ap Bees holdeth there three messuages 
and tenements of land with the appurtenances 
the one called Clyn y boydy now in the occu- 
pation of the said Bichard, at the yearly 
rent of ..... xrf. 

The other two tenements called Tir vellin dewe, 
one in the occupation of Thomas John ap Bi- 
chard, at the yearly rent of . • • i^^* 

The other in the occupation of W Jenkins, at 

the yearly rent of . . • • ^j*'* 

▲ A 



180 LORDSHIP OF GOWBR. 

The said Richard holdeth one parcel of land, 
arrable, meadow and pasture, with the appur- 
tenances called 7 Maes hir, at the yearly rent of ije/. 

The same Richard and Margaret Y®" Jevan, wi- 
dow, holdeth one messuage and tenement of 
lands with the appurtenances called Tyn y 
nant llwyd, at the yearly rent of . • iijd. 

Richard ap John and John ap Richard his son 
holdeth one messuage and tenement of lands 
with the appurtenances called Tir Walter ychan 
alias Tir y bailie, at the yearly rent of . xviijrf. 

John William Price holdeth one messuage and 
tenement of lands with the appurtenances 
called Tir nant y gumos alias Coed y ffalde, 
at the rent of . . . . . vjrf. 

Hopkin Rees Griffith and John Morgan Richard 
holdeth one messuage and tenement of land 
with the appurtenances called Pani y bara 
alias Coed y ffalde, at the rent of . • yjd, 

Phillip Rees ap Jenkin holdeth one messuage and 
tenement of lands with the appurtenances 
called Blaen nant meilir, at the rent of • yjd. 

John Rees ap John holdeth one messuage and 
tenement of land with the appurtenances called 
Tir nant y gasseg, at the rent of . • vjd. 

LP ap Jevan holdeth one messuage and tene- 
ment of lands with the appurtenances called 
Cwm nant Hopkin, at the rent of . . vjd, 

David Rhitherch holdeth one messuage and tene- 
ment of lands with the appurtenances called 
Tir yn y gors, at the rent of . . . xjrf. 

Ll° Morgan holdeth one messuage and tenement 
of lands with the appurtenances called Tir 
llwyn tanglwsy at the rent of . • • xijd. 

The same Ll'^ holdeth one parcel of lands, arra- 
ble, meadow and pasture, with the appurte- 
iiances, called Tir y wayn ucha, at the rent of « ijd. 

Jenkin Dayid and Richard Jenkin his son hold- 



I 



KASOUBWBN HANOB. 181 

eth two messuages and tenements of lands with 
the appurtenances, the one caUed Gwayn Da- 
vid Gam alias Gwain Shenkin, at the rent of • vjd. 

The other called Tir Morgan ap Jevan Gwyn, at 

the rent of . • . • • y]d. 

The aforesaid Jenkin David and William John 
ap Gwillim holdeth one messuage and tone* 
ment of land with the appurtenances called 
Blaen y nant hir, at the rent of • • xijcf. 

The foresaid Jenkin holdeth half an acre of land 
arrable called yrTn herg ddu, at the rent of . j<f. 

John Richard David ap Owen and Bees Morgan 
William holdeth one messuage and tenement of 
lands with the appurtenances called Tyr y 
kae dy, at the rent of • . . • xij J. 

Thomas John David holdeth one messuage and 
tenement of land with the appurtenances called 
Blaen y nant bach, at the yearly rent of • yjd, 

John Bichard Hopkin and Anne John wido. 
holdeth one messuage and tenement of land 
with the appurtenances called Tir Uidiet alias 
Tir David ap Jevan dy Price, at the rent of . vjd» 

Bees ap Bichard and Catherine John wid^ hold- 
eth one messuage and tenement of lands with 
the appurtenances called y Wern bwll, at the 
rent of . • • . » vjd, 

Owen ap Griffith holdeth one messuage and tene- 
ment of lands with the appurtenances called 
Tyr y bryn dy, at the rent of . . . vjrf. 

John Lewis and Elizabeth Morris holdeth one 
messuage and tenement of land with the appur- 
tenances called Tyr y clawdd coch, now in the 
occupation of Jevan Lloyd Llii, at the rent of • iijc^. 

Jenkin David and David John David holdeth one 
messuage and tenement of lands with the ap- 
purtenances called Glan y garnant with free 
gress and regress to the commons there called 
Gwayn cae gerwen, at the rent of • • yjcf. 



188 IX)RDSHIP OF GOWrai. 

David Hopkin holdeth one messuage and tene- 
ment of lands with the appurtenances called 
Tir bors 7 to alias Ty yn y wern, at the 
rent of . . - . - . yjd. 

Jevan David ap Jevan holdeth one messuage and 
tenement of land with the appurtenances called 
Tir y tair derwen^ at the rent of . . vjd. 

Bichard John David ap Owen holdeth one mes- 
suage and tenement of land with the appurte- 
nances called Tir blaen y Gwalter Thomas yn 
y wain^ at the rent of . . . • vj</. 

Gwalter Thomas ap Morgan holdeth one mes- 
suage and tenement of land with the appur- 
tenances called Lletty Owen Gwyn, at the 
rent of . . . . . . iijt/. 

Hopkin John Thomas and Elisabeth Morgan^ wi- 
dow holdeth one messuage and tenement of 
land with the appurtenances called Brynlle- 
frithj at the rent of . . . . yjd. 

Item, they present and say, that the owners of lands within 
the said Lordship being the said Lord's tenants dying within 
the said Lordship or Manor, upon their own possessions, are to 
pay as heriot to the Lord the best beast that he or they so 
dying be owners of at the time of their death, and if they have 
no beast five shillings, and likewise they that are tenants there 
and dye out of the Lordship, are to pay as heriot five shillings. 

Item upon every final alienation of all Man' lands there, the 
Lord is to have five shillings by way of presentment at the Leet 
court. 

Item, they present and say, that the Lord hath within the said 
Lordship by himself or his undertenants one house called y 
Noyadd wen with certain lands thereunto belonging, now in 
the hands of William Price Esq. and his undertenants there 
between the ditch that divideth the same from the common 
called Gwaun Cae Gurwen of the east part, of the ditch that 
divide between the same and the lands now in the hands of 
W*^ Thomas Jevan Coch being the Lord's demesne lands and 



KASGUBWEN MANOR. 183 

the lands of Jenkin David now in the occupation of Bhitherch 
Jenkin with the brook called y Garnant of the south part^ the 
river of Aman of the west part^ the lands caled Clyn y boydy of 
the north part. 

Item, they present and say^ that the Lord hath there three other 
tenements as his demesne lands ^ whereof one is called y Bwllfa 
wen in the hands of "WUHam Thomas Jevan Coch between a 
ditch that divideth the same from the common called Cae gur- 
wen of the east part^ the brook cald y Garnant of the south part^ 
the land of Jenkin David now in the tenure of of 

the west part^ the ditch that divides the same fi'om Tir y 
Noyadd aforesaid of the north part^ and is holden by a lease 
for years unexpired, at the yearly rent and custom duties, in 
the same lease expressed. 

The second messuage and tenement is in the hands of John 
David and Laurence Williams, and is called Mayndy tir 
Bees, between the lands of Thomas John David of the east 
part, the place called y Cwm bach of the south part, the brook 
called y Nant hir common Gwain Kaegurwen of the west part 
and north part, which is likewise holden by a lease for years 
unexpired as aforesaid. 

The third tenement is in the hands of William Thomas David, 
called Blaen nant melin, being and butting there upon the 
commons called Cam Vredydd and the lands of Phillip Bees 
ap Jenkin of the south part, the lands called Pant y bara of 
the west part, the commons of the Lords and tenants of the 
north and east part, which is likewise holden for years unex- 
pired as aforesaid. 

Item, they present and say, that the Lord hath there upon his 
said demesne lands belonging to the said Noyadd wen, one 
water corn or grist mill, in which mill they say that the whole 
tenants and resiants dwelling in the s^ Lo. are and ought to 
grind all such corn as they may grind of their own corn grow- 
ing in the said Lordship, and are to scoare and cleanse the 
mill ditch water courses that runneth to turn the same, from the 
original and beginning of the same to the pound thereof and to 



184 LORDSHI? OF OOWER. 

the atchy so that the same be 8u£Scient to grind without loas^ in 
which mill they are to yield and pay to the miller for the time 
being the twentieth part of the buehel or of any other quantity 
of wheat, rye or barley in meal on the same being parted in 
XX equal parts, and of their malt the xxx^ part ungrinde, and 
of their pilcom the xxx^ part, in meal one, and that they are to 
repair and keep the head of the mill house as of^en as need 
shall require of thatch, so that the timber be sufficient to hold 
the same. 

Item, they present and say, that there belongeth to the said 
Lordship or Manor two Leet Courts or law days to be holden 
at the several days, that is to say, at Thursday next after every 
May day, and at Thursday next after every Michaelmas day 
yearly, without any summons or warning, in which Courts all 
the customary holders and resiants are to appear, and for de- 
fault of appearance they may be amerced, and if any of those 
courts shall be omitted and not kept by the negligence or 
default of the Stewart for the time being upon the aforesaid 
Thursday, then the said tenants and resiants ought to have 
eight days warning of the next day and time of the same after- 
wards by and through the Byddill of the said Manor, and then 
they ought likewise to appear again, and for default of appear- 
ance to be amerced. 

Item, they present and say, that there belongeth unto the said 
Manor a monthly Court, saving the months of March and Sep- 
tember, which courts without warning are to be attended by 
the said customary tenants, so that they be kept in due and 
convenient times, otherwise upon warning as aforesaid, and the 
resiants are upon warning by the byddell to appear in those 
courts likewise, or to be amerced. 

Item, they present and say, that the Lord and Tenants have 
two commons in the said Lo. whereof one of them containeth 
several names as Cam vredydd, Bryn y garn Uwyd, Bryn y 
cynlly vany, and certain other parcels, and Gwaun Cae gurwen, 
which Gwaun Kegerwen is taken and reputed to be the great- 
est and largest common there, and that the said common called 



KAEOURWEN MANOR. 185 

6am vredydd in the east part butteth and bordereth hard 
upon the lands called Pant y bara^ then it passeth to the lands 
of Phillip Bees ap Jenkin called Blaen nant mellin^ then to a 
brook called Nant meilin, then to a place called BwUva drys- 
tan> then to the lands of Jenkin ap Bees, then it beginneth in 
the south to butt upon the way which leadeth westward from 
the heap called y Gam ar ben y rhew fawr till the same Com- 
eth to the land of John Bees ap John Lie, then westward it 
begineth to but and butteth upon the lands of Llii. ap Jevan 
called Cwm nant Hopkin, then upon the lands of David Bhit* 
herch called Tir yn y gors, then upon the lands of Lewelyn 
Morgan called Tir Uwyn tanglwys, then upon the lands of 
John Bichard Hopkin called Tir idiat alias Tir David ap Jevan 
dy Price, then upon the lands of Bichard ap John called Tir 
yn y baylie alias Tir "Walter Ychan, then upon the lands of 
John Bichard David ap Owen called y Kay dy in the north, 
then it butteth upon the lands of Bees ap Bichard called Tir y 
bwUfa, then upon the lands of Thomas John David called 
Blaen y nant bach, then upon the lands of Bichard ap Bees in 
the tenure of Thomas John ap Bichard and LI'' Jenkins called 
Tir gwyllem dew, where the same passeth by a narrow strait 
unto the other common called Gwaun Kaegurwen between the 
lands of the said Bichard ap Bees in the hands of the said Ll'^ 
Jenkin, and y Maeshir which Maes hir is the lands of the said 
Bichard ap Bees, also then upon the said Maeshire, then upon 
the lands of William John ap Gwillim called Blaen y nant hir, 
then upon the lands of Owen ap Griffith called Tir y bryn du, 
where again another narrow strait passeth there between the 
same Bryndu and Bryn llefrith and joineth with Gwawn Cae 
gurwen, then it butteth upon the lands of Hopkin Thomas called 
BrynUefrith, then it butteth upon a parcel meadow which is 
part of the lands caUed Pant y bara and Blaen nant meilar 
ycha, where the north meere endeth, and there the same meet- 
eth with Bryn y cwmllynfell aforesaid, which butteth in and 
upon the same meadow and in the north upon a brook called 
Nant gwem wyllt, in the east upon the lands called Eskair 7 
Uwyn cyll, and in the south upon the lands called Tir qoed j 
ffalde alias Tir nant y gurnos^ and runneth to the lands 



186 LORDSHIP OF GOWER. 

called Pant y bara, and there resteth with the said common 
called Carn vredydd. 

The other common called Gwain Cae gurwen in the north- 
east beginneth in a place called y Gore helig and then upon 
the lands called Tir or Ty Owen Gwyn, in the south it begin- 
neth and butteth upon Nant y gwern wyllt, then upon the 
lands of Hopkin John Thomas called Brynllcfrith, and in the 
west side thereof meeteth with the common called Carn vre- 
dydd^ then it butteth upon the lands called y Bryndy, and then 
again joyneth with the said other Common^ then it butteth upon 
the lands of Richard Recs called y Maeshir and Tir Gwillim 
dew in the several occupations of William John ap.Gwelym, 
Llii. Jenkin^ and Thomas John ap Richard^ then upon the 
lands in the occupation of John David called Maender tir 
Rees, then upon the lands of Jenkin David^ then upon the 
lands of Richard John David ap Owen called Ty yn y waun, 
then it beginneth in the west to butt upon the lands in the 
hands of William Thomas called y BwUfa wen being the Lord 
his own land, then the lands called Tir y Noyadd, then upon 
the lands called Clyn y boidy, then in the north it beginneth 
upon the lands of Margaret Weedowe called Tir y nant llwyd, 
then upon the lands in the hands of Jevan Lloyd called Tir y 
dawdd coch, then upon the lands called Tir cors y io, then 
upon Tir y tair derwen, then upon y Gors helig, and there it 
resteth. 

Itsm, they present and say, that their custom is and hath been 
that their Biddell and constable shall be nominated and ap- 
pointed yearly by the Jurors at the Leet Court next after Mi- 
chaelmas and that of customary holders, and the same to remain 
for a year, and that the customary tenants are bound to serve 
one after another, and that the same biddell is yearly to gather 
the Lord's rents and all other his dutys and royalties and to pay 
them accordingly, to summon to action and other service, to 
return jurors to make the accoye or proclamation, to execute all 
writs of recoveries and oiven. fac,^ and that his fees for sum- 
moning to actions against any man for debtors ij(/.| for returning 
of controversy [?] between party & party for the executing of 



KABOURWBN BiANOR. 187 

a letar.fac. yjd. for the crie or anoye Id. ; the constable is to do 
as appertaineth to a constable. 

Item^ they present and say, that all royalties^ if any be within 
the said Lordship, as haultres, mynes, strayes, felons goods^ 
the goods of them that destroy themselves and deodands belong 
unto the Lord of the soyl^, but they say notwithstanding, that 
all sea coal and stone coal, with all veins and mines thereof, 
and all sorts and kind of stones and stone <|uarrys and stone 
mines not having any kind of mettal in them, the said stone 
mines which may be found in upon or under any of the said 
tenants customary tenements, belong and appertain to the 
tenants themselves and not to the Lord, and that every cus- 
tomary holder and tenant of customary land of inheritance 
parcel of this Lo. may, at his will and pleasure, without the 
licence or allowance of the Lord of the said Manor, digg, cutt, 
sell and convert unto his the said customary tenants own use 
comodity and behoofe, all such sea coal, stone coal, with all 
veins and mines thereof, and all sorts and kinds of stone mines 
and stone quarrys (not having any kind of mettal in them) the 
said stone mines which may be found as aforesaid, and that by 
force and according to ancient approved lawful and allowed 
custom that is, and time out of mind hath been within the said 
Lo. without contradiction or question, until now, and that by 
force of the said custom the persons undernamed and their 
ancestors, and those whose estates they have, heretofore and 
most of them do now or of late did dig, cutt, land up, sell and 
convert unto and for every of the said persons respective uses 
all such /Coal mines, veins and stones as aforesaid, which were 
or now are to be found upon their several respective tenements, 
and this without the Lord's licence, as by the said custom they 
may lawfully do, viz. 

David Thomas ap Morgan. David John David. 

Jenkin ap Rees. John Bichard David ap Owen. 

Margaret vx. Jeven, widow. Bees ap Jenkin. 

Item, they present and say, that none of the customary tenants 
of this Lo. to their knowledge hath committed any voluntary 

B B 



188 LOKDSHIP OF GOWBR. 

waste or spoyle by letting down of houses, catting of trees, 
or diminishing in any otherwhere what was growing in this Lo. 
otherwise than they may let down, cut or diminish in any other 
where by like custom as aforesaid when it pleaseth them with- 
out the Lord's licence of all houses, buildings, walls, timber, 
trees, and woods, and digging of pits on their said customary 
tenements, and further they present and say, that they may 
also dwell from the same at their pleasure, and also absolutely 
sell away their said tenements to any other paying their ancient 
dutys for the same. 

Item, they do present and say, that Hopkin John Thomas, one 
of the customary tenants of the said Lo. have encroached one 
parcel of land arr. and meadow, being p^ of the said commons 
of the Lo. and the tenants called Gwaun Cae gurwen, contain- 
ing by estimation two welsh acres or thereabouts, and that the 
said Hopkin hath encroached one other parcel of land, contain- 
ing by estimacion the fourth part of an acre or thereabouts, 
being part of the aforesaid common called Gwaan Cae gurwen 
also. 

Item, they present and say, that Hopkin Rees Griffith, one 
other of the customary tenants of the said Lo. hath encroached 
one parcel of meadow, containing by estimacion half an acre or 
thereabouts, being part of the common called Carn vredydd. 

Item, they present and say, that upon every surnender or deli- 
very that shall pass within the court of the said Lo. or Manor 
of lands that the Steward is to have for the delivery of the rod 
or virge xijcf., and to the Biddell a penny. 



SURVEY OF 



CLASE AND LANDEWY IN GOWER. 



A.D. 1826. 



MANERII LE CLASE ET LAN DEW L 



^SfXXXtHXX, ItrOtH ^^*^^^ omnium terrarum et red- 

dituum Dni EpI Meneven facta per 
Magistmm David Ffraunceys Cancellar Meneven tempore 
Venerabilis Fatris Dni David Martyn Dei gratia Epi loci. 
Anno Dfii Millesimo ccc*"^ vicesimo sexto, [iS^^]- 



LANGEVELACH, QOUHERIA. 

Proficua. 

Jemi ap Griffith [cum 1 1 aliis] Jurate ibidem dicunt per sacrum 
eorum q' Dominus habet ibidem unam domum cum placea, 
et valet per ann. ad locandum I2<f. Et Dominue habet ibidem 
I"', molendinum aquaticum, et valet per anfi, 4 marcas commu- 
nibus annis. Et valent placita et perquisita per ann. 26^. 8<f. 
Et dicunt q' Dominus et Tenentes sui, habent coamentum in 
bosco Domini de Gonhi& de super bosco pro housebote et 
heybote, et pro pastura animalium per cart€tm Domini tur 
sup. bos2* 

Summa 4/». 09. \2d. 



Terra in mann Domino. 

Item dicunt q' sunt in manu Domini de terra quondam Ri- 
cardi Gogh 8 acrse et valet acra ad locandam per ann. 2d» et 
i^ acra quondam Herkyn et valet acra ut supra et 3 partes 
acrse quondam Willi. Gogh et 3 partes i acrse quondam Moyle 
Fount, et i acra \ quondam Gronon ap David et 2 acr® terrse 



192 LORDSHIP OF GOWKR. 

quondam Madoci Flemmys, et i acrse terrse quondam Elense 
filis Jenn, et 5 acrse terrs quondam Eynon Gam^ et i acrs 
quondam Payn ap Llewellyn, et 4 partes i acrae quondam 
David Voyle, et 3 acr« quae Dominus habuit de David Gogh 
ap Predyth, et valet quselibet aera ad locandum 2d. ut supra, et 
debet seminari super acram 8 bidentes avense, et respondebit 
ad secundum granum et super quamlibet acram sunt pro com- 
morth& debiti lid. sive fuit in manu Domini sive tenentium. 

Summa aorarum, 27 acrs i stanga. 



Summa in pecunia . 44. O^d. 



Prata. 

Item dicunt q^ Dominus habet ibidem in diversis locis 6} acras 
i^ quarta in prati, et valet acra ad locandum per ann. 2d. 

Summa acrarum 6^ i quart. 

Summa valore in pecunia 13^^. 

Liberi. 

Item dicunt q* sunt ibidem 7 lecti qui vulgo vocantur Gwele. 
De I™ Gwele Jem ap Kedinor, de 2^ Gwele Seyssylth ap 
Gwyaun-, de 3° Gwele Gwylbryd, de 4^ Gwele Trahame ap 
Aythan, de 5*** Cradocus ap Kendelon, de 6^ Ricardeyd, et de 
^mo Philippus Cappellanus sunt tenentes, et descendentes ab 
eisdem, reddent Domini per anfi 10s. in fest. Omnium Sancto- 
rum, et heredes Jorwerth ap Payne reddent Domino per anfi 
2d. ad fest. S^ Mich, pro curia cujusdam rivuli super terram 
Domini habendo ad molendinum eorura. 



Summa 109. 2d. 



Servitia. 

Et omnes prsedicti liberi tenent per cartam et dabant pro 
herietto melius animal, et si animal non fuerit 5«. et pro leyn- 
vita 28. et dabunt quolibet 3° anno 4 marcas, pro 8 bobus de 



CLASB AND LANDEWT MANORS. 193 

coramortha in kalend. Maii^ et sa valet portio cujudlibet anni 
i/tf. gd, et trahere debent et carriare totum maremium pro mo* 
lendino Domini, et domum molendini de novo construere et 
eandem cooperire sumptibus eorum et carriare debent molares, 
et recifere stagnum molendini^ et purgere gurgitem quotiens 
opus fuerit et valent opera molendini per anfi I2d. £t dabunt 
pro pretio servicii 7 lagenee de quolibet braciata, et valent per 
anil 3(/. £t est commune ammerciamentum eorum 68. 8d, pro 
simplici transgressione, et custodire debent prisones ibidem 
sumptibus suis et eosdem ducere apud Lawhaden, sumptibus 
suisj ad voluntatem Domini, et facient sectam ad molendinum^ 
et sectam curise de 3 septimanis, et si alia molendina quserere 
velint, dabunt plenum toUonium ante transitum eorum. Et 
alta curia eorum est, et esse debet apud Lawhaden, pro arduis 
negotiis et dubiis judiciis terminandis. 

Summa . 195. 3d. 

Item dicunt q^ canneo dat Domino pro advocatione habendi^ 
6d. ad fest. S^ Michaelis. 

Summa .... 6d. 



Summa valore per Extentam . ii6s. yd. 



LLANDEWY IN GOHERIA. 

Proficua. 

Robertus Canan, Ellys Rowe et Willielmus Camman Jurati 
ibidem dicunt per sacrum erorum q^ aisiamenta aedificiorum 
lapidarum et ligneorum ibidem, valent adlocandum per anii 5«. 
et dicunt q^ ibidem est I™ gardinum continens cum fossa- 
mento 2 acras et 8 perticas terras et valet fructus et pastura 
ejusdem communibus annis 3^. 

Summa . 8^. 



194 LORDSUIF OF GOWER. 

Dominicum Domini. 

Item dicunt q^ Dominus habet in Dominico computatis pu- 

teisy et caeteris locis petrosis 124 acras terrse et valet acra ad 

locandum per anfi I2d. et seminare debet super acram frisci 2 

bidentes et respondebit comm anii ad 3 granum. Et super 

acram fabse 5 bidentes et respondebit ad 4 granu. £t super 

acram ordei 5 bidentes et respondebit ad 4 granum. £t super 

acr avenrsB grossaB 4 bidentes, et respondebit ad 3^ granum. 

£t super acram minutarum avencrum 5 bidentes, et respondebit 

ad 3 granum. Et dicunt q^ Dominus arare potest cum i ca- 

rucata ibidem et super residuum terrse possunt sustineri 8 boves 

130 bidentes et yalet pastura cujuslibet grossi animalis 2d. et 

pro JO bidentibus ?<?. 

Summa . 124. 

Coloni 

Item dicunt q^ Wilhelmus Gamman tenet 2 acras terrs et 

reddit per ann 3«. /^d. ad fest S, Mich, [cum 2 aliis ejusdem 

tenuree]. 

Summa . 6s. 4d. 

Servitia. 

Et omnes praedicti dabunt pro herrietto melius animal et si 

animal non fuerit 5^. et praedictus Wilhelmus et Johannes Me- 

tere debent per 2 dies ad cibum Domini praet. operis id. et 

iidem Domino arare debent per 2 dies ad cibum Domini praet. 

operis 2d. et facient sectam Curiae de 3 septimanis in 3 septi- 

manas. 

Summa . I2d. 



Summa valore ibidem Extentam, 36 solidos. 



Summa valore omni terrae Domine in Goheria . yli. 125. yd. 



SURVEY OF 



PRIORSTON OR EASTOWNE IN GOWER. 



A.D. 1642. 



c c 



MANOR BE PRI0R8T0N. 



(% SSj%tY\i7it% ^^^ of the Manor a£foresaid at a Court 

^ holden there on the eleventh day of 
May before John Rowe gent.^ in the 1 8^ year of the reign of 

Charles the l"^. a.d. 1642. 



Jury. 

William Rogers, gent David John Thomas. 

Roger Thomas ap Jevan. Richard Batcocke de Coytygreene. 

Richard Llewelin. ' David Jones. 

Adam Thomas. John Dawkin. 

Robert Jones. John Batcocke de Cathan. 

Nicholas Cleipit. PhiUip Thomas, alias De la Mare, 

The Chardge to the Jury. 

1. FFIRST you shall enquire and present the names of all the 
tenants, as well customary as freeholders, what severall tene- 
ments or parcells of lands and howses they hold, what severall 
rents they pay for their tenements or severall parcells of lands 
and howses, and on what days they ought to pay the same ; 
where the same doe lye, and what the number of acres of every 
tenement and parcell of land particularly is. 

2. Secondly, you shall enquire and present what royaltyes and 
heriotts are due to the Lord of the Manor afforesayd eyther by 
death, surrender or accident. 

3. Thirdly, you shall enquire what wast or wasts belong to the 
Lord of the said Manor and the tenants, and you shall bound 
the same with their severall marks and bounds. 



198 LORDSHIP OF GOWER. 

4. Ffourthly, you shall enquire what mill or mills belonge to 
the Lord of the said manor, what suite and service the tenants 
ought to doe towards the mayntenance and reparation of the 
sayed mill or mills and whoe ought to keep suite to the 
same. 

5. Ffifthly, you shall present what land belongeth to the Lord 
of the said manor as Glybe land or otherwise, and the number 
of acres thereof, and whether any land be fallen to the Lord by 
way of escheet. 

6. Sixthly, you shall present by what tenure you hould yo' 
lands, and what severall customes belongeth to yo' tenure, who 
ought to inherit by way of descent, and what estate th^ relict 
or widowe ought to have. 

The Jury to the first and all the rest of these Articles say as 

followeth, viz. 

All Saints rents. . 

Free Tenents. 

Thomas Came ar, houldeth in the right of his wiefe 8. d» 
three quarters of acre in the pishe of Knoylstowne, 
beinge a croft neer Robert Thomas his house in the 
possession of the sayed Robert Thomas, at . 01 . 07 

Edmond Johns for halfe John Thomas his tenement 
being fower acres and a halfe wthin two closes 
called the two hill closes at Penmynith . . cx) . 02 

Harry Bowen for the other halfe of the same lands . 00 . 02 

Catherin Cleipit wid, for one tenement at Penmynith 
contayning tenn acres, now in the tenure of Ri- 
chard Kyft . . . . . . 00 . 08 

Grace Cradock wid, for lands bought of Phillip John 
Thomas Howell contfi^ seven acres beinge Wals-fyld 
and a meadowe . . . . . 01 . 00 

Sir John Dorrington for Wilkins house and twelve 

acres of land . • . . . 00 . 02 

John Vaughan for a tenement of lands in Penmynith 



PR10R8T0N ICANOR. 199 

now in the tenure of Morgan Ffolland contayninge a. d. 
twelve acres . . . . . cx) . 08 



04.05 



Customary Tenants. 

Henry Mansell ar, for one tenement of lands at Uar- 
densdowne late in the hands of David Cleipit con- 
tayning by estimation twenty acres, now in the 
hands of William Johns . • . . 04 • 06 

The same Henry for three closes called the Eastowne 
smarts, now in the occupation of John Thomas, 
cont fower acres . . . . . 02 . 06 

The same Henry for -seven acres of land neere Har- 
dens downe with a howse thereupon beinge in seve- 
rall closes, viz. one close called Govnnons parke 
containing two acres, and two closes called the New- 
lands contayninge two acres, and one close called 
Parradys contajming three acres, now or late in the 
tenure of William Howell . . • . 01 . 06 

The same Henry for the Church howse and two 

gardens . . . . . .00.07 

The same Henry for a house and an acre of land 

byneeth the towne, in the tenure of Nicholas Gibbe 00 5 oJ 

The same Henry for one mansion and tenement there- 
unto belongeing contayninge fowerteen acres, now 
in the occupation of Jenkins Jones . . 05 . 00 

The same Henry for Edward Curteis lands at Coyty- 
greene conteyninge eight acres or thereabouts, now 
in the tenure of George Thomas . . . 04 06 

The same Henry for Funners park bought of John 

Gwyne contayninge three acres • • . 01 . 02 

The same Henry for Woodcocks house and close con- 
tayninge five acres . • . . . 01 . 06 

The same Henry for the Broade parke contayninge. 
^even acres, bought of John Gwyne • . 01 5 o£ 

The same Henry for three closes at Ffolland hill 



200 LORDSHIP OP GOWBB. 

contayninge three acres^ now in the tenure of s. d, 
Jenkin John, bought of John Gwyne . . oi . 07 

The same Henry for the Fursy close neere Gybbes 
meere contayninge three acres, now in the tenure 
of Jenkin Johns, bought of John Gwyne . . 00 . 06 

The same Henry for the Pitt park conteyninge three 
acres, now in the possession of Jenkin Johnes, 
bought of John Gwyne . . . . 00 . 08 

The same Henry for the New park conteyninge 
three acres, now in the possession of the said 
Jenkin, bought of John Gwyne . . • 00 . 1 1 

The same Henry for one house and garden late Da- 
vid Nicholas his howse and garden, now in the 
tenure of Richard Kyft . . . • 00 . 02 

Thomas Rogers clerke for one mansion howse and 
tenement of lands contayninge twenty acres, now 
in the possession of John Rogers . . . 06 . 3 oi 

The same Thomas for three q^" in the lyldes, parte 
of Thomas Rees his lands, in the tenure of the 
sayed John Rogers • . . . CXD . 03 

The same Thomas for two acres of medow by Coyty- 

greene, in the tenure of the same John • . CX3 . 04 

The same Thomas for the Ivy howse . . 00 . 03 

John Rogers Jn*^ for on howse and garden called Sir 
William Pry chfy elds howse, in the tenure now of 
Phillip Prychard . . . . . 01 . Ol 

George Thomas for the Stony land . . . 01 . 1 1 

John Row for twelve acres of lands at Harden's 

down . . . . . . 00 • 06 

The Right Hon. y« Lady Eliz*^ Mansel for Phil. 

Harry's land contayning seven acres . • 00 . 04 

Elizabeth Pryce for Priors meade neere the Three 

crosses in Lanridian cbntayninge nyne acres . 00 . 09 

Sir Edward Thomas baronett for Kae garrowe and 
Gwayne gwase dewy contayninge fowerteen acres 
neere the Three crosses in Lanridian « . 00 . 02 

Harry Bowen for Toraths lands at Hardens downe 
contayning twenty acres, in the tenure of Robert 
Satcocke, Robert Johns, Ffraunces Kyft . . 05 . 04 



PEIORSTON MANOR. 201 

Ffraunces After for Harry Bowens lands bought of s. d. 

David Nicholas contayninge thirty two acres^ now 

in the hands of Richard Longe . . • 04 . 09 

William Rogers for a garden neere to the Church 

bowse garden • • • . . cx) . 02 

Adam Thomas for the one halfe of Jacks howse and 

garden . . . . • • 01 . 00 

Robert Batcocke for the other halfe of Jacks howse 

and garden . . • • 00 . 06 

David Balle for Mussard contayninge seven acres • 01 . 06 
Jenet Bidder for one tenement contayninge nyne 

acres • • . • • 03 . 00 

John Gamon for one howse and tenement contayn- 
inge nyne acres neer the Vicaradge . . 03 . 00 
John Batcock for Jacks croft at Hardens downe con- 

tayning three acres . . . . 00 . 06 

The same John for the Hedland at Hardens downe 

contayninge fewer acres . . 00 . 10 

Phillip Thomas for part of Elizabeth Rees her lands 

neere the Vicaradge, beinge one qter of an acre • 00 . 03 
John Dawkin for one mansion house and tenement 

contayninge fowerteen acres . . . 04 . 03 

John Gwyne for lands bought of Richard Jones 

cont^ seven acres . . . . • 01 . 04 

Roger Thomas ap Jevan for the sixe acres . . 01 . 00 

The same Roger for the Wester smarts contayninge 

five acres . . . • . • 03 . 03 

Robert Johns for lands bought of John Gwyne 

which was Roger Thomas his lands formerly 

Elisabeth Rees hir lands . . • . 00 . 04 

Elizabeth Beynon widowe for a howse and garden 

at Coytygreene • • . . . Oi . 00 

John Rowe for a howse and twelve acres at Har- 
dens downe . . . . 01 . 04 
Nicholas Cleipit for lands neere Snayleston cont> 

nyne acres . . . • . 00 . ID 

The same Nicholas for a house and garden and two 

acres of lands in Richard Taylors hands . . 00. 2 oh 



202 L0ED8HIP OF OOWSR. 

The same Nicholas for a bowse and tenement late a. d, 
Gefferey Elses now in the tenure of William Bat- 
cocke and Jenkin Johns contayninge eight acres 
neere the hill side .... 

Richard Batcocke of Coyty greene one howse and 

Harry Gamon for seven acres in Pennard . 

David Jones for a howse and croft which was John 

Batcockes . . . . . . oo . 02 

John Ffraunce for Sussex lands at the hill contayn- 
inge halfe an acre . . . . 00 . 01 

David John Thomas for halfe the house and halfe 

of the Pryors garden . . . . cx) . 09 

Phillip Thomas for the other halfe . . . 00 . 06 

James Russell for the Priors garden in Swanzey 00 . 04 



01 . 


.02 


00- 


.02 


0+, 


, lob 



li.4.4 11^ 



00, 


. II 


CX) 


03 


01 . 


.04 



May Rents. 

Harry Bowen for Yoraths land . . 05 . 04 

Ffrances After for lands bought of Harry Bowen 

being formerly David Nicholas his lands . 
Thomas Rogers clerke for the Ivy house ' . 
The same Thomas for lands in Barreston 
The same Thomas for 3 q**" of Thomas Eees his 

lands . . . . 00 . 03 

The same Thomas for a meadowe bought of Rowland 

Rogers beinge two acres . . • 00 . 04 

Nicholas Cleipit for Tovyes land . • 00 . lO 

John Batcocke for the Headland . . . 01 . 06 

The same John for Jacks croft . . 00 . 06 

Harry Mansell ar, for John Gwynnes lands . . 02 . 09 

The same Harry for a croft and garden part of Ro- 
bert Herons lands .. . . oo . lO 
The same Harry for a howse and garden neere 

Elizabeth Rees where Nicholas Gibbe dwels 
The same Harry for Woodcocks house and lands 
The same Harry for Edward Curteis lands . ^ * 



00. 


. lob 


02. 


.01 


04. 


06 



PRIORSTON MANOR. 20S 

The same Harry for David Cleipit's lands at Har- s. d. 

dens downe . . • . . 03 . oo 

The same Harry for lands bought of John Dawkins 01 . 06 

John Gwyne for lands bought of Richard Johns . 00 . 02 

John Rowe for twelve acres at Hardens downe • 01 . 00 

William Rogers . . . . . 00 . 02 

John Gamon for lands neere the Yicaradge . 02 . 00 

John Dawkins . . . . • 03 . 03 

The same John for Agnes Batcocke's lands . . cx> . 09 



Total Rente . /t. 5.18.4 



2. TO the second article we say, that there are dyvers royaltyes 
belongeinge to the Lord of this Manor as, namely, wayfes, 
strayes, feUons goods, deodants, wracks, escheets, &c. And 
further to the said article, we say that accordinge to the cus- 
tome of this manor divers sorts of heriotts are due, viz^ 

a. That upon the death of every tenant as well freeholder 
as customary houlder, and allsoe upon the death of every 
widowe dyinge tenant within the manor, there is due to the 
Lords the best beast for a heriott, and in default of a beast fyve 
shillings. 

b. And alsoe upon the death of every tenant as well free 
holder as customary houlder which dyeth out of the manor 
fyve shillings. 

c. And ffurther, we say, that upon the death of every 
resiant not beinge admitted by the Jury and paying four pence 
every year according to the custom of the manor for a voury 
tenant the best beast is due for a heriot, and in default thereof 
sixteen pence or the best weede or jewell at the Lord's choyse. 

d. And also we say that upon the death of every voory 
tenant the best jewell or weede or sixteen pence is due at the 
Lord's choyse. 

D D 



204 LORDSHIP OF OOWBR. 

e. And farther we say that if any stranger happen to dye 
within this manor^ although he lodge there but one day or 
nighty his best beast, if he have any, and in default thereof his 
best weede or Jewell, is due for a heriott. 

yi We say alsoe if any tenant which lyyeth within the manor 
doth surrender all his lands, there is due for a heriott the best 
beast, and in default of a beast fyve shillings. 

g. And also if any tenant whatsoever doth surender part of 
his land and doth reserve part, there is due for a heriott one 
sufficyent blacke weather. 

h. And also if any tenant which liveth without the manner 
doth surrender all his estate, there is due for a heriott fyve 
shillings. 

t. And further we say that upon alienation, of every free 
houlder there is due fyve shillings. 

3. TO the third we say that there is three severall wasts belong- 
inge to the Lords of this manor and y® tenants, the one called 
Coyty greene, the bounds whereof are the hedges which doth 
compass the same. And also we say that the other is known 
by the name of Hardens downe, the bounds wherof are like- 
wise the hedges round about the same. And the other is called 
Tankey lake moor, which doth extend to a footpath which lead- 
eth from the Hoar rocks to the end of Taylor's park and round 
about the same. 

4. TO the fourth we say that there is one Mill belonging to 
the Lord of this manor, with all the waste land round about 
the same, and that every customary tenant which lyveth within 
this manor and without, and alsoe every resiant within the 
manor oweth suite of miU thereunto, and ought to drawe and 
carry stoanes and tjonber towards the reparation of the sayed 
mill, and to scowre and to dense the mill pound as often as 
shal be requiried. And we say that what come or malt any 
tenant or resiant doth buy out of the manor he ought to grind 
the same at the Lord's mill. 



PRIORSTON MANOR. 205 

5. TO the fyfth we say there belongeth to the Lord of this 
manor twenty fower acres of Glybbe lands with the Holmes^ 
three q*^ of an acre whereof lyeth at a place called Eenith- 
stoane^ and one acre of meadow lyeinge beneeth the howse 
where Nicholas Gibbe lyyeth called Prior's meadow. As 
also we say that all the rest doth adjoine to the mansion 
howse therof and round about Raven's well. We also say 
there is three q^^ more bought by the Lord of this manor of 
Boger Thomas ap Jevan and adjoyninge to the Hangeinge 
land. 

6. TO the sixth we say that we hould our lands by custom 
tenure^ viz. by coppy of court rowle by the rodd at the Lord's 
pleasure. And by the custom of y* manor the eldest son doth 
inherit and not the youngest if there be two or more^ and that 
the eldest daughter doth inherit^ and that there is no partition 
if in case there be two daughters or more. And that the relict 
or widowe of any tenant shall hould all hir husband's lands 
within this manor during hir widowehood only^ if she come to 
this court and crave the same within one twelve months. 

AND also further we say> if any tennant whatsoever doth sell 
or lett his land without the Lord's leave and licence for longer 
time than one twelve months, he doth forfeit the same to the 
Lord of the manor according to the custom of this manor. 

AND further we say that there is one common Pound belonging 
to the Lord of this manor, and to be repaired by the customary 
tenants which live as well without as within the said manor, 
and every freeholder, customary holder and resiant are to pay 
only two pence apiece for pounding therein, but every stranger 
or fibreigner ffourpence, according to the custom of this 
manor. 

AND we say further that for every surrender there is to pay 
fEve shillings, and for every copy thereof the ffees are twelve- 
pence, according to the custome of the manor. And that the 



£06 LORDSHIP OF GOWBR. 

whole charge of Court for every action recovered is one shilling 
and seven pence only. 

AND that is all we have to say at present. 

Wift Sogers gent. Rich. Batcocke de Coity green 

Adam Thomas. Phillip Tho. al» De la Mare. 

Dav. John Thomas. Rich. Lleweling. 

John Batcocke. Nich. Cleypit. 

Roger Thomas ap Evan. David Jones. 

Robert Jones. John Dawkin. 

John Row, ibid SeneschaL 

Copia vera, cum Originali 
ffideleter examinata, et concord 
Octob^ 3**^ 1689. 



A SURVEY of the Manor of Priorstown otherwise East Town, 
Langennith, Glamorganshire, being the houndaries of the 
Copyhold and Freehold lands within the said Manor. 

The Wardens and Fellows of All Souls College in Oxford hold 
the Manor of Priorstown otherwise East Town, Langennith. 

This Manor lies in the eastern part of the parish of Langen- 
nith, and consists of several freehold and customary or copyhold 
tenements, and is bounded by the western Lordship westward, 
beginning at a very large rock lying in the high way near the Tile 
house Barn, from thence southward down a certain lane leading 
to the eastern or College Mill, from the said mill eastward by a 
certain hedge which divides the lands of David Long called 
Barreston from John Taylor's meadow of Vicarage, from thence 
by a certain hedge which divides the Tile house, ground the 
estate of Richard Gorton formerly John Rogers from the lands 
of the aforesaid David Long called Barreston untill you come 
to Rosilly down. From thence eastward leaving the said down 
to the south untill you come to a certain lane called the Summer 
lane, from thence down the said lane untill you come to a certain 
plain called Coity green, from thence eastward by a certain lake 



PRIOK8TON MANOB. 207 

between a field called the Foot Lands (the estate of the Earl of 
Warwick) and a field called the Six acres the estate of Lewis 
Tucker^ from thence southward by a certain hedge which 
divides the lands of the said Earl of Warwick from the lands of 
the said Lewis Tucker untill you come to Bosilly down afore- 
saidj from thence including a certain tenement the estate of 
William David called Smarts you go by a certain hedge be- 
tween the Six acres aforesaid and a certain field called 
Buggart the lands of — Ashburnham Esquire^ from thence 
eastward by a certain hedge between the Three acres and the 
Drunkylands^ so on by a certain hedge between a certain field 
called Brown lays and a tenement of lands the estate of the 
said Earl of Warwick called Snailstone untill you come to 
Hardens down, from thence you go eastward by the hedge 
adjoining the said hill called Hardens down untill you come to 
Bobert Batcocks house at Hardens down the estate of Mr. 
Paul Bevan, from thence including all the lands belonging to 
the said house at the east side of a certain lane leading from 
the aforesaid house to a certain field called the Three acres, 
thence leaving the said Three acres on the east you come to a 
certain lane called Coomb lane, from thence along the said lane 
westward untill you come to a certain house called Old Muz- 
zard the estate of John Lucas Esq'^. From the said house 
called the Old Muzzard the lands thereunto belonging included 
you come along the highway leading to Muzzard cross, from 
thence directly up a certain lane untill you come to a cot on 
the side of Hardens down aforesaid formerly the estate of 
Margaret Williams of Muzzard, from thence northward along 
a certain footpath between the lands of John Lucas Esq'® and 
Thomas Bogers's lands, from thence westward by a certain 
hedge between the lands of the said John Lucas and a certain 
tenement the estate of the Earl of Warwick aforesaid untill you 
come to a certain field called Cross park, from thence eastward 
by the hedges adjoining a certain moor called Tankylake moor 
untill you come to John Hollands house formerly Jennet Kifls, 
from thence along a footpath leading eastward from the said 
house untill you come to a certain field called Colesfield, and 
from thence east or north-east untill you come to the end of 



208 LOBDSHIP OF GOWEB. 

Taylors parks^ from the end of Taylors parks aforesaid you turn 
westward having Lanmadock Hill on the north and the Parcel 
of Penmineth on the south untill you come to Joseph Mathews 
house formerly Morgan Lewis's house, from thence directly 
west along a broad path on the side of Lanmadock hill untill 
you come to a certain place called the Hoar rock, and from the 
said Hoar rocks along a certain lane untill you come to the 
Great rock by the Tile house barn where we began. 

N.B. There are some other scattered parcels belonging to this 
Lordship (videlicit) an island in the sea called the Holmes bear- 
ing due north from Wormshead, one meadow in the parish of 
Lanrhidian near the Three crosses the lands of Mathew Price 
Esq*^, and one cot thereabouts formerly Mr. Says' of Killan, and 
one house and garden called Priors garden in the Town of 
Swansey formerly belonging to the Herberts, and one small 
field or parcel of ground near Burry's Head in the parish 
of Knelstone, the estate of the Lady Charlotte Edwin. 



SURVEY OF 



KNELSTONIN GOWER. 



A.D. 1688. 



I 



MANERIUM DE KNELSTON. 



Articled of ^Urbfg *** ^* administered to 

the Jury of Survey in. 

my LordBbip of Knelston alias Knowelston at a Court of 

Survey to be held for the said Lordship^ on Thursday the 

26th of this instant April, by my free trusty friends and 

Stewards, John Lucas and Richard Yorath genf^. Given 

under my hand and seal, April the 17th, Anno B. Bis. Jacobi 

Sdi Angli &c. quarto, et Anno Dom 1688. 



1. FIRST, you shall enquire and a true Presentment make how 
and with what lordship this Lordship doth lye bounded, and 
what rents, suits or services are paid out of it (if any be) to any 
other Lord, or person, or body, or society incorporated, and that 
presentment to deliver under your hands in writing. 

2. You shall enquire also what benefit or profits falleth due 
to the Lord of this Manor by fishing, hawking or hunting by 
fowling, or any game whatsoever of that nature. 

3. What was the customs of this Lordship of felons goods, 
waifs or strays, which shall be taken in this lordship, and what 
you know or have heard in this case you are to present. 

4. You are to present the free tenants names, all that pay rents 
in this Lordship, and the number of acres that each and every 
of them hold whether in capite or soccage^ and the bounds 
thereof, and the rents, duties and heriots that falleth due 

E B 



212 LORDSHIP OF 60WER. 

thereon, and at what time payable, and on what lands, if 
any be. 

5. What church or chapel they have within the Lordship, 
and of whose donation or appropriation it is, and who was the 
last incumbent or minister therein, and is the same in repair or 
not, if not, who ought of right or in your memory or know- 
ledge did formerly repair the same. 

6. What glebe lands belongs to the said church or chapel, the 
number of acres, and the names of each parcel, and with what 
lands eyery parcel is bounded you are to present. 

7. What profits fall to the Lord of the Manor by turf, 
heriots, or any other profits that were accustomed to be paid, 
present the same in every particular to the utmost of your 
knowledge. 

8. What profits are payable to the Lord of this Manor from 
the river Burry by keelage or landing goods of any sort either 
imported or exported, and who hath the benefit of the wrecks 
of sea that happen within the bounds of this Lordship, and the 
utmost of the bounds and extent of the taking of the same 
either or ligatt 

9. What commons or liberty of commons belongs to this 
Lordship, and to what tenants or to what tenements of land in 
this lordship do they appertain or in anywise belong, if any 
such be, and the limits and bounds and full extent of the same 
by the ancient meres and bounds you are by your oaths to 
present. 

Hmphy Edwin. 



KNBL8T0N MANOR. SIS 

A SURVEY of the Manor of Knoilston aforesaid in the County 
of Glamorgan^ on the 26th day of April, in the year of our 
Lord God 1688, and in the fourth year of the reign of our 
Sovereign lord James the 2nd, by the grace of God of Eng- 
land, Scotland, France and Ireland, King, Defender of the 
Faith. Before John Lucas and Richard Yeareth, Stewards 
thereof. 

The Extent and Boundaries thereof are as foUoweth. 

THE said Manor beginneth at a place called Frogmeare smike, 
adjoining to the lands of M' William Bennett called Whitewell, 
and so on to the hedge of John Bennett's land which one 
George Long now holdeth, to the common of Kevenbrin and as 
the lands of the parish of Knoilston leadeth to the south side of 
a close called the Millers mead now in the possession of one 
Henry Thomas, and as the south hedges of the said close and 
other lands held by the said Harry Thomas leadeth to the east 
hedge of a close called the Little person's land now called the 
Two pieces and a half, and as the east hedge thereof leadeth to 
a hedge of a close called the Frogmeare park, and as the 
said hedge leadeth eastward to a highway leading from the said 
common of Kevenbrin towards Knoilston, and from thence 
southward as the said highway and the lands of the parish of 
Knoilston aforesaid leadeth to a place called the Lyeth meadow, 
and from thence as the lands of the said lordshipMeadeth 
westward to a well called Saint Mary's well, and from thence 
as the hedges on the north side of Sir Edward Mansell's lands 
leadeth to a close or meadow called the Litters, and so as the 
said Sir Edward Mansell's hedge leadeth to a highway that 
leadeth from Scurledge Castle to a house called Lacke, and as 
the said highway and bounds of the parish of Knoilston leadeth 
to the land of Edward Mansell of esq^ called Daw- 

kins park, and as the hedges on the east part of the said 
Edward Mansell's lands leadeth to a roadway called Twm path 
way, and as the said Twm path way leadeth next to the water- 
course that runneth by Lacke aforesaid to the river of Burry, 
and as the said river of Burry leadeth to the hedge of David 



£14 LORDSHIP OF GOWER. 

Batcocke's lands hedge and from Edward MansePs esquire, and 
so north to the lower end of the paddock, and as the south and 
west hedge of the lands that George Eynon now holdeth, to the 
west hedge of a close called Chapell lands, and as the hedge 
of the said Chapel lands leadeth to the north side of a close 
called the Shiples, and as the lands of the said close leadeth to 
Brown park, and as the north hedge of the said Brown park 
leadeth to Browne park, and as the north hedge on the Frog- 
meare park leadeth to Frogmeare sink where we first began. 

There is another parcel of the said Lordship within the 
parish of Langenith, begining at the river of Burry and as the 
hedge that divideth between the parish of Cheriton and Lange- 
nith aforesaid leadeth southward towards the little house or 
cottage erected by Griffith John Morgan at a place called 
White wale, and so crossing part of Riers down to a well 
called Leaden pipe well, and from thence to a green gate 
about a stone cast be west the said well, and as the said path 
leadeth south to a round pit upon the slope of the said Down, 
and so west to Mare's pit, and then to Crow well, and as the 
current thereof runneth to Tracelake to the east hedge of 
Richard France's land called Kenvixston, and as the hedge of 
the said Richard France his lands leadeth southward to the 
south and west end of the said Riers down to a little roadway 
that leadeth into the highway that leadeth from Langenith to- 
wards Swansey, and from thence eastward and as the hedge 
of the said Richard France leadeth to the north hedge of 
George Evans genf^, and as the said hedge leadeth eastward to 
the lands of John France to a close of land of the said George 
Evans gent° whereon one Joan Long widow now dwelleth, and 
adjoining to the highway that leadeth from Langenith towards 
Swansey, and as the said way leadeth eastward, excepting one 
house and one acre of land of Sir Edward Mansell knight, then 
crossing the said way to the south hedge of a close of land 
called Pontvane, and as the bounds of that close leadeth into 
the said highway again, where another roadway turneth west 
towards Riers downe, to the west hedge of a close of land of 
the said George Lucas gentleman whereon was a tucking mill, 



KNELSTON MANOB. S15 

to a meadow of Greorge Bowen esq*^^ and as the hedge of the 
said roadwaj leadeth to meadows of Sir Humfrey Edwin, who 
is now Lord of this Manor, being now in the hands of William 
Jones gentleman, and as the said meadow leadeth to the river 
of Barry again, the said river being the landmark between 
this Lordship and the Lordship of Landimor, which is a 
lordship of Sir Edward Mansel of Margam baronet aforesaid. 
One other cottage and piece or small parcel of land Ijring in 
the parish of Penmaine, now held of lease by Dorothy Davies 
widow, containing by estimation about half an acre, lying 
bounded with the commons of Kevinston on the north and west 
parts, the way leading from Nicholaston to Swansey on the 
south part, and of the roadway on the west part, leading from 
the said highway to the commons of Kevenbrin aforesaid, being 
part and parcel of the said Manor. 

There is also another parcel of the said Lordship at a place 
called Fenclauth or Kevenbuchan, beginning at the river of 
Loughor, having the weare for fishing of one Griffith 
Bowen on the east side, and so to a close of the said Griffith 
Bowen, and along by west edge thereof, unto the lands of 
William Bennett gent°, and so rounding the close of the 
said William Bennett unto a new garden taken in of the 
said Lordships common, and so to the west of the little 
house erected by Griffith Thomas and William Griffith, and so 
under a little ditch as far as a little pathway leadeth about the 
said ditch, at the end of which said ditch groweth a bush of 
thorns, and from thence right south to a close of land lying in 
Landscarr at the west side of Franklin Matthews lands, and as 
the said Landscarr leadeth south to the lands of Griffith Cle- 
ment, and by the hedge of a close of the said Griffith Clement 
unto a highway leading from Kevenbuchan to Broadfoot, and so 
crossing the said way south by the west hedge of a little croft 
of the aforesaid Griffith Clement to an old house of Richard 
Davies Ipng by the highway leading from Kevenbuchan 
towards Pengrevenny, and crossing the said way south, to the 
lands of Thomas Hoby esq"' in the right of the Lady Brook, 
and so turning west by the north hedge, having about half an 



216. LORDSHIP OF 60WBR. 

acre of land on the south side of the said way that leadeth from 
Keyenbuchan aforesaid to Pengrevenny aforesaid, having the 
lands of Richard Davies on the west of it, and so crossing the 
said way north again unto a close of the said Lordship called 
the Draws, having the lands of Bichard Davies in the west and 
north parts thereof, and so crossing the way that leadeth to 
Fenclawth northwards to the house and garden of Thomas 
David, wherein one Robert Gibbs now liveth, having the green 
of Laydrogg on the west thereof, and so east at the north hedge 
of the close by the said Thomas David's house to the east hedge 
of a close of land of John Evan carpenter, and turning north 
by the said hedge to the parcel of the waste lands called the 
Graig, and so direct north to about 40 feet to the west side of 
an old ditch in the said waste lands, and from thence direct 
north to the aforesaid river of Loughour again. 



TO the First article we do say that this Lordship and the mem- 
bers thereof are in three several distinct places that we cannot 
discover neither can it be discovered unto us with what Lord- 
ship this Manor or Lordship doth lye bounded withall ; and 
iiirther we do say that there is rents of one shilling and seven 
pence halfpenny payable to the Lord of the Manor of Frior- 
ston or Eastown of Langenith, issuing and growing out of 
the tenement piece of meadow lying at the north part of a 
house which John Lucas holdeth by lease from the Lord of 
this Manor, commonly called Burry Head, comprising about 
3 quarters of an acre ; and likewise we say that we know not 
any duties or services payable out of the Manor aforesaid to 
any other Lord or person whatsoever. 

TO the Second article, we do say that the benefits and profits 
of fishing, fowling, hawking and hunting within this Lordship 
are so invalid that we cannot discover the worth thereof or 
price the same. 

TO the Third article, we do present and say that all waifs, 
strayes, felons goods, treasure, fines and deodands, they are to 



KNBLSTON MANOR. 217 

be Biezed and taken by the lords officers to the use of the Lord 
of the Manor aforesaid, and as of right appertaining to the 
lord of the said manor. 

TO the Fourth article, we say that there are the several closes 
or parcels of land of several freeholders lying scattered in 
other lordships, but parcel of this Lordship and Manor of 
Knoilston. 

The Freeholders Names and the several Rents they pay 

per annum as foUoweth. 

Thomas Hoby Esq^ holdeth in the right of the Lady s. d, 
Brooke one piece of freehold lands under the said 
Manor, commonly called the Chapel land, as it there 
lyeth in landscare with lands belonging to the 
manor of Priorston aforesaid, within the said parish 
of Langenith, for which they ought to pay per 
annum the rent of . . . . OO . oi 

John Lacey gent'^ holdeth one close of land in free- 
hold within the Middle park, commonly called by 
the names of Middle park and Middle park, under 
the said manor within the parish of Langenith, and 
what other lands belongeth to the said manor can- 
not as yet be discovered unto us, for which they 
ought to pay per annum to the Lord of the said 
Manor • • OO . 08 

(Some other lands, as we are informed, are liable 
to contribute to the aforesaid small rent of 8d. which 
cannot be discovered.) 

George Lucas genf^ holdeth one messuage and tene- 
ment in the parish of Langenith near Burries 
green, in the hands of Joan Jones widow, contain- 
ing about ten acres, for which ought to be paid 01 . 08 



218 LORDSHIP OF GOWBR. 

John France holdeth in the right of his wife ten 
pieces of land lying at Burries green within the 
parish of Langenith, held under this manor, for 
which they are to pay . . . oo . 04 

Gwenllian Bidder widow holdeth one tenement of 
freehold under this manor, called Glaughor, lying 
within the parish of Langenith, for which she pay- 
eth . . . . . 00 . 01 

Richard France holdeth one close of land under this 
manor, called the Poole parke, containing 2 acres 
lying in the parish of Langenith, for which he ought 
to pay . . . . • . 00 . 02 

Katherine Bowen widow holdeth five acres of land 
under the said manor within the parish of Lange- 
nith, for which she ought to pay of rent • . 00 . 08 

George Grove holdeth three quarters of an acre in the 
parish of Knoilston lying bounded with the Lords 
lands on the north and east part, Knoilston green 
on the south side, and Twm path way on the west, 
for which he ought to pay . . 00 . 01 

To the Fourth, we further say that every freeholder holding 
lands under the said manor ought to pay on their decease for 
a heriot to the Lord of the said Manor the sum of $s. payable 
at the feast day of Saint Michael the Archangel only; and 
further we do say, that there is about half a quarter of an 
acre of land that lyeth with the Lord's land on the west and 
north part, and the Twm path way on the east, and Knoilston 
green on the south thereof, which is and hath been concealed 
from the Lord of this Manor by George Grove the elder. 

TO the Fifth article we say, that we have no church nor chapel 



KNBLSTON MAKOB. 219 

within this manor ; that the donation of the Vicarage or impro- 
priation doth or did belong to the Lord of this Manor. 

TO the Sixth article, we say that there are no glebe lands 
belonging to the Lord of this Manor. 

TO the Seventh article, we saj that there falls to the Lord of 
this Manor upon the death of every resiant the sum of one 
shilling and fourpence, and for default thereof his or her best 
weed, commonly called the turf heriot; and further we say, 
that every freeholder alienaging or selling his whole freehold, 
ought to pay to the Lord of the Manor the sum of 5«. 

And further, that if any stranger happen to die within the 
lordship upon the Lord's land, the lord ought to have his 
best beast, jewel or garment ; and if he do die upon the free- 
holder's land, then the freeholder ought to have the same. 

TO the Eighth article, we say that the Lord of this Manor 
hath received from the river of Loughor at or near a place 
called Fenclawth, by his tenant or tenants there, the sum of 
fourpence for each bark there mooring in the name of kelledge, 
and also the benefit of cutting of ore weed and all such other 
advantages accruing or happening thereon for forty years and 
upwards ; and further we say, that this wrecks of sea cannot at 
this time be discovered unto us to whom it did or doth belong, 
because there was never any found or taken up there to our 
knowledge. 

TO the Ninth and last article, we say that there is part of a 
common called Riers down, which we have surveyed and 
mentioned in the boundaries aforesaid by marks and meares 
there plainly appearing, and that the said common is free to 
all the Lord's tenants and resiants within the .said Manor; and 
further we say that there is a parcel of waste lands called 
Werifeygorse, which we have surveyed and mentioned in the 
boundaries aforesaid by meares and marks- there plainly ap- 
pearing, and part of the said waste land (as appeareth to us) did 
and doth belong and appertain to the messuage and tenement 

F p 



i 



2S0 



LORDSHIP OF OOWBR. 



held by lease of the Lord of the said Manor by Thomas David, 
now tenant of the premises. 



Francis Clement 
John • • • • 
Thomas David 
Wp. Lucas 

John Jones 
Griffith Gibb 
John Lucas 



Matthew Jones 

Henry Thomas 

Reece Morice 

Robert Austine 

John France 

The mark of 

+ 
George Grove 



SURVEYS OF 



NICHOLASTON, ETC. IN GOWER. 



A.D. 1682. 



► 
•^ 



; 



MANERII BE 
NICHOLASTON, PEN RICE, OXWICH, 
HORTON, PORTEYNON, PITT ON alias 
PILLTON, BURY aVas STEMBRIBGE, 
et SOU RL AGE CASTLE cum membris. 



Comtf (glamorffanl p«-« j---^^- 



dovici Mansell miiis et 



Baronett^ Domiii maner predict. 



THE SURVEY of the Manners aforesaide taken the xvij"*, 
xviij***, and xix**' daies of August, anno regni Regis Domiii 
nH Caroli Anglie etc. octavo; Annoq' Domifi 1632, before S' 
Edward Stradling Knight, S' Anthony Maunsell Knight, 
Henry Maunsell Essquire, Thomas Maunsell Essquire, John 
Howard clerc, Lewis Powell, John Rowe, and William Bennett 
gent*, Commissiofl amongst others to the right wo?pp^ S' Lewis 
Maunsell Knight and Barronett, Lord of the said Manners. 

Jurie. 



David Bennett 
Griffyth Bowen 
John Vosse 
Nicholas Bennett 
David Lukas 
William Richard 
Nicholas Sussex 
John Beevan 
William Stephen 
Thomas Chalke 



^ Thomas Langley 

Morgan Gamon 

Phillipp Taylor 

Thomas Button 

j^jj J Hugh Knaeth 

Phillipp Beevan 

Richard Knaeth 

Owen Russell 

^John Button 



Presenteth and saieth for answer to the severall articles 
heerunto annexed as folio weth. 



224 L0RD8HIF OF OOWER. 

NICHOLASTON. 

I. THE antient meares and boundes. of the eaide Mannor is, 
and tyme out of mynde hath bynn, as folio weth. 

Beginninge as Nicholaston Pyll and the water and streame 
therein doeth falle and descende from the weste unto Stockland 
bridge or neere itj and thence north as the headge leadeth and 
divideth betweene the pishes of Penrice and Nicholaston affor- 
saidf and as the headge leadeth north betweene a meadowe 
called the Lower splott^ beinge the Lords landes, pte of the 
demaynes of Penrice Castle, nowe in the tenure of John Benett 
gent', and the salt marsh, and as the said headge divideth one 
the easte side of the saide demaynes unto the tenem^ next 
therunto called Upper house, now in the tenure of Anne 
Maunsell widdow, and as that headge one the easte side of the 
saide tenem* leadeth north unto a water course fallinge under 
grounde in the said tenemS and thence northward as the said 
watercourse leadeth betweene the boath lopp' and pishes of 
Penrice and Nicholaston aforesaid, unto and through the lands 
of the Lord, nowe in the tenure of Jenkin Bowen, called Parke 
walles, and as the said watercourse leadethe unto a well above 
the said close, called the Coulde well, and from the saide well 
eastwarde as the Greene way leadeth towards the thomes by 
the house now in the tenure of Jennett Donne, and thence 
eastwards as the enclosure leadeth unto an oulde enclosure 
called the Ould walles, and thence eastwards as the enclosure 
leadeth above the house and lands in y« tenure of Ffrauncis 
Jenkin, and thence eastwardes unto the corner of the close 
called the Fursie close, being in y* hands of Nicholas Bennett, 
and as the lane and landshare leadeth southwards by the saide 
close unto the highe waye leading from Nicholaston Church to 
Swanzey Towne, and crossinge the sayde high way leading 
southward as the headge devideth betweene the Lords lands 
nowe in the tenure of Richard Bennett, and the lands of Lewis 
Davids of Penmayne gent, being one the east side of the sayd 
headge ; and from the sayde headge southwards through the 
Buroghes as the pishes of Penmayne and Nicholaston are and 



NICHOLASTON MANOB. 225 

antiently have beene devided and sepated^ and as by pambula- 
cons^ marcks^ and meares usually and antientlie knowne^ yt 
leadeth unto the sea in Oxw^^ Bay^ and thence westward unto 
the falle of the water of Nicholaston pill in the Bay of Oxw** 
into the sea, where we beganne. Soe the sayde Io^^p abuteth 
unto the pishes of Penmayne one the east side, the common of 
Keven Bryne one the north, the pish and Iopp of Penrice one 
the west unto the sowth east corner of the foresayede meadowe 
called the Lower splott, and as the pill doeth falle, and the 
water therein runne into the sea from the sayde meadowe, pte 
of the pishe and Io^p of Penrice and the pishe and IoPp of Oxw<^*^ 
and the said sea in Oxw^^ Bay, one the south pte. 

2. WITHIN the said circuite there lyeth a litle house and a 
close of lande aboute three acres therunto adioyinnge called the 
Three acres, w^ Bichard Bennett houldeth of the manno' of 
West Myllwood. 

There is allsoe w^in the saide circuit one litle house and one 
acre of land adioyninge unto it w°^ Hugh Donne houldeth of 
the saide manno' of West Myllwood. 

There is allsoe a pcell of the sayde IoP of Nicholaston lyeing at 
a place called Kellilibion w^in the pishe of Lanridien, being a 
tenem^ of lands conteyning aboute 12 acres, nowe in the tenure 
of Owen Bussell, houlden by indenture. 

The Names, Tenements, Rents and Services of the 

Freehoulders of the said Manner. 

3. LEWIS David of Pemayne gent, houldeth freely of the Lord 
one acre of marshe ground leyinge w^in the sayde manner in 
soccage tenure and yeeldeth unto the lord, rent, a redd rose. 

George Lukas of ReynoUston houldeth freely of the saide 
manno% one house called Ty mawre and a close of land there- 
unto adioyninge conteyninge aboute three acres, and lyeth at a 
place called Kellilibio aforesaide, in sockadge tenure, and oweth 
suite of courte at the leet helld for the saide manno' and 
yeeldeth rent yeerely, xijrf. 



226 LORDSHIP OF OOWEB. 

John William Gryfiyth and Phillip Robert^ in the righte of 
Alse Bowen his wiefe, houldeth betweene them one griste water 
mill at Llanridien called the Upper mill^ and a litle plott of 
ground thereanto adioyninge^ in sockadge tenure^ and they owe 
suit of courts and doe yeelde rent. [Amount not entered.] 

There is another p'cell of the sayde manno^ called Mansell 
field, contayninge about 140 acres of land in it selfe, beinge p'te 
of the p'ishe of Nicholaston, leyinge betweene the p'ishes of 
Bushopston one the west p'te, and the p'ishe of Oystermouth 
one the south easte and north p'tes, the w^^ S^ Anthony Mansell 
knight houldeth, in the right of his wiefe, in freehould of the 
sayde manno% and oweth suite of court, and rent, a redd rose. 

There are allsoe certayne p'cells of the saide manno' (as we 
conceive) at Llanridien, and in the saide p'ishe beinge in sun- 
drie messuages and tenements, the w^ the sayde S' Anthony 
Mansell knight houldeth, in the right of his wiefe, of the sayde 
manno% and oweth suite of courte and rent. 

4> S> 6, 7, 8, 9. TO the 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9*^ articles we s.iy 
that noe freehoulders to our knowledge, w'^in^^r belonginge to 
this manno' hath committed any felony or treason, etc., or dyed 
w^out heires, or that any bastard did or doeth hould any land 
as heire unto any w'^in this manno^. Neyther hath the Lord 
any fforest, castles, or demeasne lands w*4n this manno' other 
then is lett by lease as tenem^ unto the tenants, nor there is 
no comon or veri litle wasts to our knowledge within the saide 
manner. Neither hath beene any encroatchments, made by any, 
and y® lord hath noe p'ke nor demeasne wood which by stock- 
ing may turne to the lords better benifitt, etc. There .are noe 
custimary tenants in the manner ; and upon the death of everye 
ffreehoulder houldinge of 'the saiede mannor or upon alieatio 
of all his freehoulde there hath beene usually paid unto the 
lorde of the sayde mannor five shillings for a heriotte. 

10. TO the Tenth article we saye, that the tenants of the sayde 
mannor have beene accustomed to lett out their houses and 
lands which they held of the Lord for one whole yeere of terme 
onelie, as often as they hadd occasion without any advantadge 



NICH0LA8T0N MANOR. 9&1 

taken thereby by the Lord, and to digge lymestones in the saide 
land for to repaire there houses, headges and fences, and to 
burne lyme for theire owne use as often as they had occation, 
and the sayde tenants hare been accustomed to yeeld theire 
ap'ance and doe owe suit unto every coorte Leete and coorte 
Barron houlden for the saide mannor. And evy freehoulder 
howldinge of the said mannor doe owe their suite to appeere at 
the leete twyss a yeere, and euy resient dwellinge within this 
mannor upon any land held of the saide mannor, doth owe his 
suit and app'ance at euy leete coorte while he dwelleth within 
the said mannor, and the tenants of the said mannor may not 
sue one an other for any action or cause under the value of xU. 
in any other court, upon paine of amearcment. 

1 1. TO the Eleventh article we say, that no landshare hath been 
altered or removed out of his place, to our knowledge, within 
the saide mannor. 

12. TO the xij^ article we say, that Ffrauncis Jenkin doth 
hould by a note or graunte dat 2^ Sept. 1632, a peece of land 
about halfe an acre called Bye land, to the sayde Ffrances 
Jenkin, Elizabeth his now wiefe and Elinor Jenkin his sister for 
there three lives, rent yeerely zijef., twoe hennes, suite of 
coorte, suite of mill, one heriot ; all three livinge, fine o : aged, 
Frances about 40 yeeres, Elizabeth about 40, Elinor about 
34 yeeres. 

13. TO the xiij^^ we say, that there hath beene noe buildings 
nor water courses digged whereby any of the Lords timber hath 
benne destroyed, etc. 

14. TO the xiiij^^ we say, that Isabell Hopkin houldeth by an 
acquitance dat' xj^ Octobris anno Dom 1591, a tenem^ and cer- 
teyne p'cells of land errable, woodd, and marsh, beinge p'te 

Err* 14 and p'cell of twoe tenem^ late in the hands of David Smith of 
itTooddyifc ^^® Nicholaston, conteyninge about 18 acres, to Morgan 
aboat 2 Gamon, Isabel his wiefe, and Thomas Gamon theire sonne, for 
roaffih 1 theire 3 lives, rent yeerely i $8. 6d.^ coisl 28. 8rf., 4 capons, 
•ore. 2 heriotts, suit of coorte, and suite of mill. 2 leevinge, Isabel 
aged about 62 yeeres, Thomas her sonne 40, ffyne xxxv/t. 

o G 



S28 LORDSHIP OF OOWER. 

Four acp. Mary Vosse houldeth one house wherein John David dwelled, 
of marsh, with one acre of erable land by the said howse, one other acer 
by the ox house, one other acre by David Jenkin's house, one 
close called the Long acre conteyninge one acre and halfe, 
one acre of marshe, and one acer of wood with the appurte* 
nances, to David Smith, Mary his wiefe, and David Smith 
theire sonne, for there 3 lives, rent yeerely vj«., coisF xvjJ., 
ij capons, fine not expressed. Mary and David her sonne leev* 
inge ; Mary aged 80 yeeres, David Smith her sonne aged 50 
yeeres : by an antient note without any date, suit of coorte, suit 
of mill, etc. 

Err' 17 a. Richard Knaeth by an acquitance dat* xiiij^ October xxxix 
et demi a. r^giosB Elizabeths, houldeth two tenem^ late in his father's 
medowj.a. hands, aboute xxvj acres of land erable, pasture, wood, and 
waste G a. waste, with the appurtenances to Richard Knaeth, Sadge Sprote 
demi acr. j^jg wiefe, and John their sonne, for theire 3 lives, rent yeerely 

xxv«. xrf. ob*, custom iiij®'*., iiij®' capons, and twoe heriots, 

fine xxx/f., and aboute 4^' acres of freehold land, tot. paide. 

The saide three lives all lievinge, Richard aged 56 yeeres, 

Sadge 51, and John 34. 

Err 1 1 a. Henry Sprote houldeth (ad volunt. Domiii) one meassuage 
et'^demi a! ^^^ tenem^ of lands conteyninge aboute fourtiene acres er, 
wood and past', wood, marshe, and waste, and hath acquitte" for pay- 
demi acr. ment of moneys by his father, etc. ; rent yeerely 17*. and jrf. 
ob', p*" spurrs silv, custome 28., ij capons, suite of courte, suit of 
mill, and one heriott : Henry aged about 42 yeeres. 

Err 6 acr. Richard Bennett p' acquitance dat' 14 Augusti 1596 houldeth 
wMtelaOT. °^® tenement late in the hands of Mawd Lia, cent* aboute viij^ 
acres in the saide mannor, to Richard Bennett, Nicholas his 
sonne, and Katherin, Rifliards wief, rent Ss, Sd., custom 
iJ5. viije/., twoe capons, suite of coort, and suite of mill, one 
heriott, fine xvj/»., tot. paide. Richard and Nicholas leevinge. 
Rich, aged 74, Nicho. 40 yeeres. 

Err 13 acr. Nicholas Bennett houldeth one tenem* of lands late in the 
pasture & ^^^^^ o{ Thomas Howell, conteyning by estimacon 20 acers, or 
furse a. thereabouts, to Nicholas Bennett, Wenllian Bach his wiefe, and 



NICHOIJ^STON MANOK. 229 

William Bannet his eldest sonne^ rent yeerely 208,, custii $8., 
6 capons, 2 geese, suite o^ coorte, suit of mill, 3 heriotts. The 
3 lives beinge leevinge, Nicho. aged 40, Wenllian aged 40, W"^ 
aged 14, fine 53/». tott paid. 

Err' 10 a. Elizabeth Donpe houldeth one tenem* and meassuage of lands 
dem.woods erable, pasi, wood, and marshe, with wast, ad volunt* dominii, 
aaoroB. conteyninge 14 acres, clajrmieng her life tyme therein, rent 

yeerely xj«., custom ij«. 8e2., ij capons, suit of coorte, suite of mill, 

one heriote. Elizabeth aged 65 yeeres. 

Nicholas- Thomas Franklen houldeth two messuages and tenem^ of lands, 

err 48* acr *^® ^^® cayed Nicholaston hall, conteyninge Ixx acres erable, 

medowe 3 meadow, pasture, wood, marsh, and waste, and the other called 

marsh 6 a. Parry's wood, conteyning by estimacon aboute xij acres err, 

ffra 18 a^ pasture, woodd, marsh, and waste, to Thomas Franklen, Dory- 

thie his wife, and William Franklen thire sonne, for theire 3 

lives ; rent yeerely for Nicholaston halle xxijli. X9, And for 

Parries the tenem^ called Parry's wood, rent X8., custom v«. iiijrf., viij 

acr. marsh capones, suite of courte, suit of mille, and twoe heriotts, j fine 

2aer.wood jjQt expressed, all three leeving, Thomas aged 36 yeeres, Do- 

rithy 30, William 8* yeeres. 

Err' 11 a. Owen Russell houldeth by indenture dat* 2* Aprillis 36° Eliza- 

demi, me-- , ^ . 1 n 1 *i 1./. 

dow demi betnse one messuage and tenem^ with all houses and edinces 
^^* thereupon and about 12 acres of English measure more or lesse 

of land errable, meadowe and groves, with the appurtenances 
to the same belonging^, lieing and being at Kellilibion within 
the ffee of Nicholaston, to Owen Bussell, Jeonet Longe his 
nowe wiefe, and there first borne childe for theire three lives, 
rent yeerely tenn shillings, custom i6d., 2 capons, suit of court, 
suit of mill, one heriott. Owen «ged 70 yeeres, Jeonett 70 
yeeres, aUsoe fine, a somme of money not expressed. 

Err. 11 a. Jeonet Donne by indenture dat' x^ Octobris anno primo Cha- 

dow' dem. i^oli nunc B* Anglie etc. houldeth one meassuage and tenement 

^ ^*t*^ of lands conte]minge by estima£on about 13 acres of land (viz.) 

' eleven acres and halfe of errable land, halfe an acre of meadow, 

and one acre and quarter of pasture, with the appurtenances, to 



2S0 LORDSHIP OF OOWER. 

John Vosse, Jeonett Donne his wiefe, and Gryffjrth Vosse 
theire sonne^ for three lives« rent yeerelj 20«., custom $8., 
2 capons^ 2 geese^ one heriott^ suite of court, suit of mill ; Jonet 
and Gryffy th leeyinge ; aged, Jeonett 42, Gr. 20 yeeres, fine 
45/f., tot. paid. 

Errl9acr. Jolxn Bowen houldeth one tenem^ and meassuage with lands 
' errahle, pasture, and marshe, about 20 acres ad voluntat' do- 
ming rent five pounds yeerely, custom 5^., 4 capons, suite of 
court, suite of mill, one heriott. John Bowen aged about 
62 yeeres. 

Err 8 aor. Jeonet PhiUipp and John William houldeth one meassuaire and 

dem. pas- * * # 

ture dem. tenem^ of lands errable, pasture, woodd/ marsh, and waste, 
dem™Bcn *^o^t® tenne acres, ad volunt* dom, rent yeerely 3K. 68. 8rf., 
wood dem. custom 28. 8d., 4 capons, suite of courte, suite of mill, one 
heriott. Jeonett 89 yeeres, John 50, rack rent. 

Err dem. Jenkin ap Bowen p* nota dat* 19 Aprift 14° Jacobi, 1616, hould- 
and ftirs eth the p'cell of lands adioyninge to the lands of Willia Lukas, 
J ar. dem. ^^ lande of the foresaid Jenkin Bowen, called P'ke walle, cont' 
about 2 acres of errable and furse, to Jenkin Bowen, Elizabeth 
his wiefe, and Thomas Bowen theire sonne, for theire three 
lives, rent yeerely 55., 2 capons, suit of courte, suite of myll, 
etc. 

IS, 16, 17, 18. TO the xv*^, X7j^, xvij**^ andxviij*^, we say the 
Lord hath noe mill within y® said manner, neither doth any to 
our knowledge intrude upon the lords fishieinge, fouling, hank- 
ing, or any other ryoltys, etc., nor the lord doth employe anie 
land to iust°^^ within the saide manner ; niether hath the lord 
any foulinge within the sayd manner wherby anye p'fitt canne 
be made that we knowe, more then such foule as in the winter 
by force of weathere are driven abroad ou all the countrey. 

19. To the xix^ we say, that y® Lord of the sayd manno hath 
tyme out mynde had all the wayfies, estrayes and felons goods, 
treasure trove, and sea wrecks, and y® baliffes in eatch manner 
did use to reaise upon and take vp such thinges when they 
happehd to be taken vp. 



NICHOLASTON MANOR. SSI 

20^ 2 1 , 22. To the zx^y zxi^y and xzij^^ we saye^ that there is noe 
mynes of any metall, nor quarries of any stones y^ we know 
which may be benifitiall unto the Lord^ other then limestones 
which the tenants did eu use to digge as often as they had 
cause to use them, nor clay nor oare, etc. ; neither is there any 
rent deteyned from the lord, or in arear due from anye that we 
knowe within the sayde manner ; nor there is no faire or mrket 
at any tyme of y^ yeere keapt within the sayd manner. 

23. TO the zxiij^ we say^ that there is and hath been tyme out 
of mynde a leete or lawe day for the Lord in and for euy of the 
said manners (vizt.) 2 leete coortes yeerely^ y* one to be houlden 
neere May^ and y* other neere Michael", and a coorte Barron 
kept euy three weekes, or eiiy month, according to the lawe> 
and euy tenant making default of his app'ance in courte Leete, 
to be amced Yjd,, and in court Barron iijc/., and euy frehoulder 
to app'e twyce a yeere and euy resient to app' twyce a yeere 
dwelling upon any lands held from the lord; and the sayd 
courte may determyne of causes and acctions under fortye shil- 
lings and not above, and there are coorte roules kept and 
extracts, and the pquisits are answered for ought wee knowe 
unlesse it be some fewe of w^ the extracts are not yett com 
foorth, and the Baielie tyme out of mynde hath been accus- 
tomed to arest y* goods of each tenant or any other pson with- 
out any warrant, receiving for each arestm^ ijd. 

24. TO the xxiiij^ we saie that the Church and psonage of 
Nicholaston is within the saide manner, and the nominaSon, 
presentaSon and gifte therof belongeth unto the Lord of the 
manner, and M' Mathew Bennett is incumbent there of the 
said psonage and is aged about 50 yeeres, and the said livinge 
is worth about xxiiijZi. f ann. 

25. TO the xxv^ we saie^ that we knowe noe landes concealed 
nor noe rennts detayned from the Lord within the said manner. 

26. TO the xxvj^ we saie, that we knowe no tallege or know- 
ledge money due and payable upon the death or alienaSon of 
the estate of the Lord of this manner. 



232 LORDSHIP OF OOWER. 

27. TO the zzvij^ we saicj that there are noe weares within the 
said mannor. 

28. TO the xxyiij*^ we saie, that we knowe noe meane lo^^* 
heald of the saide mannor. 

29. TO the xxix*^ we saie, that there hath somtjnne lymstones 
beene digged at Nicholaston, and David Bennett of Penrice 
did receive the duties there, and houldeth the customes of the 
keyes and portes of Porteynon and Oxw^. 

3O9 31. TO the xxx^ and xxxj^ we saie, that there is noe pte of 
Porteynons moore within the said mannor. 

32. TO the xxxij^ article, we have nothing to present. 

To this our psentment we the said Jury have seavally ' 

sett our hands and marks the day and yeere first above 
written. 

Dav. Bennett H- Tho. Langley \ 

Griff. Bowen + Morgan Gamon ^ 

John Vosse ^ p^j Xailor ' 

Nicholas Bennett Thomas Button 

David Lucas , tt i_ ir l 

William Richard + ^^»^ ^^^^^ 

Nicholas Sussex + ^^^ Beevan 

John Beeva + Richard Bjiayth 

William Stephen + Owen Russell 

+ Tho. Chaulke + John Button 



SURVEY OF 



PENRICE IN GOWER 



A.D. 1632. 



\ 



\ 



MANERIUM BE PEN RICE, 



^TTl^ Slttrtrtt^ meares and boundes of the saide 

Mannor is, and tyme out of mynde 
hath bynne as followeth^ Begininge at the northeaste comer 
of the headge of Owen Perkins landes, nowe in the tenure of 
George Lukas^ and thence eastwarde as an oulde banke or 
ditch mencoiiinge an oulde enclosure leadeth into the Lordes 
land called the Hayes^ nowe in the tenure of William Stephen, 
neere the lanes eand that leadeth from Penrice Church unto 
the comon called Kevenbrynn, and as the headges and en- 
closure leadeth theUce eastwards unto a well called the 
Cotdde well; and as the water falleth from the said well 
sowthward downe through the close called the Parkwalle, nowe 
in the tenure of Jenkin Bowen, and as the said water falleth 
into a sinke in the grounde neere Upper house and thence 
southwards as the headge one the easte side of the demaynes 
of Penrice castle^ being the landscare betweene the pishes of 
Penrice and Nicholaston^ and betweene boath the said Lopps 
unto the lower eand and southeaste corner of the meadowe 
called the Splott, pte of the demaynes of Penrice castle, and 
crossinge the pille thenc as the saide pill ledeth eastwards' and 
southwards unto a landshare stone neer the side of the saide 
pill, and from that landscare stone weastwards as the landscare 
leadeth betweene the marshe ground in the tenure of John 
Beavan and the marshe ground in the tenure of Nicholas Ase 

H H 



236 LORDSHIP OF OOWBR. 

unto a ditch one the north side of a meadowe and marshe called 
the Create meade of the sayde Nicholas Ase^ and from the 
sayde ditch west as the headge one the north side of a grove 
and the morlands in the tenure of the said Nicholas Ase 
leadeth unto a lane leadinge from moore unto Penrice church, 
and crossinge the saide lane west as the headge one the north 
side of a meadowe called Horton great meadowe one the north 
side of James' meadowe and the west end thereof, and at the 
north side of the Longe meade and the crofte in the tenure of 
John Beavan, and crossinge the lane wh*''* leadeth from Ox''*^'* 
castle unto Penrice, and as the headg leadeth west at the 
north side of the Hemphey and Longe pke, in the tenure of 
the saide John Beavan, and as the headge leadeth by and at 
the north side of a close called Sanctuari pke, being the Lords 
land, in the tenure of Hichard Pigge of Pitt, unto the lane 
w** leadeth from Penrice unto Porteynon*s moore. And as the 
sayde lane or highway leadeth south or southwest unto a ditch 
or banke upon Porteynon*s moore, w** devideth p'ishes and 
Lopps of Penrice and Ox"^^^ asunder, and as the saide ditch or 
banke leadeth southwards unto a landshare stone in the 
midest of the sayde moore, and from the saide stone west as the 
green e way leadeth unto the other landskare stone by the ould 
well in the saide moore. And as the greene way .that leadeth 
thence towards Bossilly unto another landscare stone in the 
midle of the sayd moore and saide greene way, and from that 
stone as the greene way leadeth north from Porteynon to 
Scurlage castles wayes end. And thence eastward as the 
headges leadeth one the north side of the s^® moore unto the 
way leadinge from the said moore unto the wester Berry house, 
and from the saide waye north as the headge on the west 
side of a close called the Little p'ke, being in the tenure of 
Mathewe Turberyile and Margret his wief, and as the headge 
leadeth north at the west side of another close called the Callfes 
p'ke, twoe other closes called Broad p'ks, one meade called 
Broad meade, and as the west headge thereof leadeth north 
unto the headg betweene the Brindiland meadow and the 
under woode, being p'te of the tenem* of Esterne Berry unto 
Meade lake, being the landseare betweene the pishes and lopps 



PENRTCE MANOR. S37 

of Pen rice and ReynoUstony and thence eastwards as the sayde 
lake and landscare stones leadeth unto the meadowe, being in 
the hands and also y® lands of Thomas Mansell Esq'®, and as 
the headge, lake and landscares one the north side of the saide 
meadowe leadeth eastwards betweene it and the meadowes of 
Owen Perkin, David Lucas and William Parry unto the Slad 
acre meadowe, and as the headge on the west side thereof lead- 
eth north unto a close called Yerislade, and as the headge 
betweene the sayd close and Slad acre pke leadeth easte unto 
Paviland way, leadeth north betweene the Lopp" of Penrice and 
Reynollston unto the Portwayes end & thence north unto Owen 
Perkins headge where we beganne. Soe the saide Mannor 
abutteth unto the pishe and manor of Nicholaston one the east 
p't, the mannor of Horton on the south p'te, the pishe of 
Landewy and the mannor of Scurladge and the pishe and 
manor of ReynoUston on the west p'te, and the commons of 
Kevin bein one the north p'te. 

2. THERE is within the saide circuite one messuage and tene- 
ment of lands called Sanctuarie, being by estimacon xlv acres 
lieynge in it selfe, havienge the highway that leadeth from 
Penrice church to Porteynons moore one the easte p'te, the 
Lords land in the hands of David Bennett called Miller's 
moore of the south p'te, the Lords land called Brinshill one the 
west p'te, and the ffree lands of Gryffyth Bowen one y" north, 
the w^ said messuage and tenem^ John Bennett houldeth of y® 
manor of West Millwoode, beinge pcell of the late dissolved 
Priori of S^ Johnes of Jerusalem in Ang. 

AUsoe there is within the saide circuit one p'cell of meadowe 
and wood conteyninge aboute twoe acres of land Ijring in the 
west side of a meadow belonging unto Easterne Berry called 
Broad meade, havieninge Scurladge wood one the west p'te 
thereof, being late in the hands of Gryffyth Gibb, and now 
William Bennett houldeth the same of the mannor of West 
Millwood, &c. 

There is allsoe within the saide circuit one acre of meadow, 
called the Tyething meade, w^^ Thomas Mansell esquire hould- 
eth belonging unto Penrice church. 



S88 LORDSHIP OF GOWBR. 

The Ffreehoulders of the saied Maunor with their suits 

and service. 

William Dawkin gent, houldeth in fee of the Lord of the said 
mannor one acre of meadow lyinge in the Longe meade> and at 
the easte and the north side thereof, the lands of the said W"' 
Dawkin called Kae Howell Morgan on the north p'te, the close 
called Pear tree one the east p'te, the meadow under the house 
one the south p'te, and the other p'te of the said Longe meade 
heing the Lords land of the sayde mannor one the west (being 
nowe in the tenure of Matthew Bennett cik or som of his 
chilldren), lyinge neere Leyston or Leisheston in the p'ishe of 
Llanridien, in soccage, oweth suite of courte and rent. 

Gryfiyth Bowen gent, houldeth freely of the sayde mannor one 
meassuage and tenem^ of land called Mount y brough, con- 
teyninge about i6 acres, the highway leadinge from Penrioe 
church to Sanctuary meadowes one the south p'te, the tenement 
of Calpons hill one the west p'te, the lane leading from Calpons 
hill unto Fenrice one the north p'te, etc., rent ijd, 

Dauid Lukas houldeth freely of the Lord of the sayde mannor 
one halfe of the meassuadge and tenem^ of Calpons hill con- 
teyning by estimadon about xxiiij^ acres beinge new yt de- 
uided, and the other halfe he houldeth by lease for three lives, 
it hath beene allotted into twoe equall p'ts as followeth, vizt. of 
the north p'te the hall & chamber and the stall houses with y* 
herb garden by the south window, and the land unto that parte 
to the higher Grove with the courtledge and foulde together 
with the feilde vi acres, the meadowe iij'' acres, the ffynced land 

This alot- ^^^^ ^^® ^^^8 ^^7 "J** ^^^08, beinge in all about twelve acres 

nent was and halfe ; and of the south p't being the other halfe the barne 

the assent mowhey, with the greene hey at the easte side of the way 

5^^^® and the lower grove beinge one acre, y* Well p'ke iiij®' acres, 

the hole moore and the mole p'ke vij acres, being twellv acres 

more; itt abutteth unto the hassox, Thomas Chalkes hole 

moore meadows on the south p'te, William Stephens mead 

moores, the higher Easter mead moores and Fintches land p't 



1 



PBNRICE MANOR. 289 

of Bery tenem* one the west p*te, the legge p'ke of Jno. Westlard 
tenem^ on the north p'te, highwaye and pHe of Richard Lewis', 
Owen Bussell's and Tho. Curtes' tenem^ and the land of 
Gryffyth Boweine called Mount e brough one the eaat p'te> 
rent iijd. 

The heires of John Lukas houldeth freely of the sayde manor 
one p'cell of lands errabel and meadowe, about v acres, called 
Sladacres, and it abutteth the land of David Lukas and Wm. 
Parry, being y® meadowe, the lower p'ke in the p'ish and lop 
of ReynoUston one y^ west p'te, a close of the sayd Dauid 
Lukas called Deryslade on the north p'te, p'te of the tenem^ in 
the tenure of John Westlard one the east p'te, and the meadow 
moores and NichoUs pkes one the south p'te, and oweth suit of 
coorte ; rent, a redd rose at midsomer. 

Gryffyth Bowen houldeth of the sayde manner one meassuadge 
and tenem^ of lands conteyninge about 7 acres at Penrice, rent 
xvjrf. oJ. 

3. TO the iij** artyde we saye, that every ffreehoulder in soc- 
cadge upon his death ought to pay to the Lord of the saied 
Manner for an heriot v«., and upon euy alienacon of the poces- 
sion of all his ffreehould ys. 

4, 5. TO the iiij^ and v*** wee saye, that noe freehoulder to our 
knowledge dyed without heyres, etc. or did coihit any ffelony 
or treason, neyther doth any bastard houlde any land as heire 
unto any, whereby y® Lo. did or doth loose any beneffitt, etc. 

6, 7, 8, 9. TO the vj*^, vij^, viij*^, and ix* , we saye, that there 
are noe forrests nor Castles but that is lett out by lease, etc., 
neyther is ther any comons or quantity of waste ground nor 
encroachment, nor parke or woodd w^ by stockinge may be 
made better, nor Customary tenats within the sayde manner. 

TO the Tenth article we answere and say, that the tenants of 
the saide manner haue been accustomed tyme out of mynde to 
lett out their houses and lands w*** they held of the Lord for 
the terme of one whole yecre onelic, as often as they had occa- 



S40 LORDSHIP OF OOWER. 

81011 without any advantadge taken therby by the Lord, and to 
digge lymestones in the sayde land for to repaire their houses, 
headges and feces, and to burne lyme for theire owne use as 
often as they had occation, and the saide tenants doe owe suit 
and have beene accustomed to yielde there appance unto eOy 
coourte leete and coourte Barron houlden for the sayde mannor, 
and euy ffreehoulder houlding of the sayde manor doe owe ther 
suit to appe at the leete coorte twyse a yeere, and euy resiant' 
dwelling upon any land and helld of the sayde mannor doth 
owe his suite and appance at euy leete coorte while he dwelleth 
within the saide mannor ; allsoe the tenants of the • • ♦ * 
may not * * * • value of fortie shillings • • • * 

11. TO the xi*^ we answere and say, that there hath been no 
landscare to our knowledge removed nor altered out of his 
place within the saide mannor. 

12. TO the xij*^ we say, that Henry Rees houldeth by a note 
dated lo Feabruarij anno Dom. 1668, houldeth one cottadge and 
about halfe ane acre of land late in y® tenure and occupa6on of 
W"* Hodge neer Kynonsfoord with the appurtenances within 
the saide mannor to Henre Rees, Anne Grove his nowe wiefe, 
and Jonett Henry theire doughter for theire three lives. Rent 
yeerely I2d., 2 pulletts, one herriott, suite of coorte, suite of 
my 11, fine 205., tott. payde. Henry aged about 48, Anne 58, 
Joenett 16. 

Owen Ponner p' nota dat. 15° Junii 1620, houldeth one meas- 
suage and about halfe an acre of land thereunto in the saide 
mannor to Owen Ponner, Mary Lucas his wiefe, and Henry 
Ponner theire sonne, rent 28,, vi cheykins, suite of coorte, 
suite of mill, one heriot, fine , tott. payd, etc. all 3 leeving, 
Owen aged 55, Mary 52, Hen. 15. 

John Sweard p' quit' dat* 5® Novembre 14 Jacobi 1616, hould- 
eth one house and a little guarden in Penrice to John Seward, 
Elizabeth his wiefe, and Nicholas Seward his sonne. Rent 
yeerely $«., 2 hennes, suit of coorte and mill, one heriott, fine 
40*., tott. paide, John aged 64 yeeres, Elizabeth 40, Ni- 
cholas 40. 



I PBNKICE MANOB. £41 

John Seward houldeth one cottadge of a litle house and guar* 
den in Penrice greene w^*^ he builte there and payeth rent 
L yeerely ad volunt' Dom xxd, and custom iiijd, 

Boger Lunday houldeth ad volunt* Domifi one Utle house w°^ 
hath beene a smithes £fordge and is in Penrice greene very 
neere the house wherein John Seward dwelleth there. Bent 
xijrf. 

Margery Lawrence vid. p* nota dat* July 1639, houldeth one 
cottadge and a litle house and a litle plott of ground at Berry- 
topp within the sayde manner. Bent xijc^.^ oust' ijd., just' ijc/. 

Nicholas Ase hoiddeth one litle house and guarden in Penrice 
greene ad volunt* Dom and payeth yeerely, rent vjrf. 

i 13. TO the xiij*^ wee say, that we knowe noe newe building 

nor aditions or cottadges whereby any of the timber is destroyed. 

Errable 50 14- TO the xiiij**" we say, that John Bennett p' indenture dat' 
V T^'^^h ™^ ^^** ^P^^' 1632, houldeth the Castle of Penrice with the lands 
I 8 q'tere, thereunto belonginge, together with viij acres of land err. called 

aJT^medo Whitleys with y® appurtenances, cont* about 18 acres and three 
I ffura and quarters (viz.) er 5® acres, meadow 6 acres and three quarters, 
I acres. marshe ground 2 acres, woodes, clyffes and wastes land 20 acres 
I to John Bennett, William Bennett and Bowland Bennett, for 

3 lives. Bent iij/i. iij«. vjrf., capons 4, heriot 2, oust' 28 , just. 
I 28., suit of coorte, suit of mill, all 3 leevinge. John aged jy, 

I William 48, Bowland 14. 

Err. 88 William Stephen p' indenture dated 250 Aprilis 80 Caroli 

I acres, me- houldeth one meassuage and two tenem*" of land comonly called 

past, and and knowne by the names of Eynons nord and litle grounde 

furs 9 acr. ^j^j^ ^^ appurtinauces, cent' about 50 acres with the apurte- 

nances to W°* Stephens, Jenkin Stephen, and Margret Bennett, 

for their 3 lives. Bent 40*., oust* 5*., 4 capons, 4 geese, 

[ 2 heriots, fine 2/1., tott. payd. William aged about 60, Jenkin 

I 23, Margret 

I Err.i3aor. John Westlard p* indenture dat' 22® Novembr. 28<> Elizabethae, 
™r^ and^ houldeth one meassuage and tenem* of land late in the hands 



&4C LORDSHIP OF OOWER. 

halfe, of John Stephen , conteyninge about 13 acres^ er. one acre and 

3 ^ters, ^^^ of meadow^ 3 quarters of wast land, called Kynons ffoorde, 
toe Hays togeither with a pcell of the westerne Hayes, conteyninge about 
lough and 12 acres, with the apurtenances, to John Westlard, Aves Vowle 
^""nd 12 ^^® wiefe, and John Westlard theire sonne, for their 3 lives* 
acres. Bent 19^., custom $8. 4(/., 2 heriots, 4 capons, fine not exp'ssed. 

John the younger onely leeving, aged 75 yeeres. 

Err. 10 Thomas Chaulk p' indenture dat' 16 Julij 8^ Charoli p° hould- 
des^^i aor ^^^ ^^^ messuadge and tenem* of land called and knowne by 
medow the name of Hole, contayninge by estimacon 21 acres more or 
tnreVacr. l^sse in as lardge and ample manner as the saide Thomas 
Chaulke nowe howldeth the same with the rights and appur- 
tenances, to Thomas Chaulke, Anne Dauid his sonnes wiefe^ 
and John Chaulke the sayde Thomas Chaulkes grandsonne, for 
there 3 lives. Rent 33^. 4d.y oust' 5«., justm^ 5«., 2 capons, 

2 geese, one heriott, fine 60/*., tott. payde: all 3 leevinge, 
Thomas aged 60 yeeres^ Anne 32, John 6 yeeres. 

Err. 10 Elen Hoskin vid p' acquitt' dat' 15^ Julij tricess' tertio Elisa- 
aor., waste be^hsB houldeth onemessuadge and tenem* of land late in the 
hands of Henry Mayo lyeinge at Eynons fiborde within the 
sayde mannor, conteyning by estimacon about 1 1 acres errable 
and wast with the appurtenances, to Roger ap Evan, Elen 
Hoskin his wiefe, and theire first begotten child for their 

3 lives. Rent io«., custom 29., justm^ i6c7., 4 capons, suite of 
coort, suite of mill, 2 herriots, fine 20 marks, tott. paide. Elen 
and leeving, Elen aged 65 yeeres, and 40. 

Err. 11 William Lukas p* indenture dat' 20 Junij 2° Charoli houldeth 

acr., mea- '^ ^ '' 

dow and one mcssuadge and tenem^ of land late in the hands of Phillipp 
a«.,"wood I'ul^w^ conteyninge by estimacon five acres er. lands, six acres 

4 acres, of pasture, and fower of meado, with 8 acres er. called the 

Hayes in the saide mannor, with the appurtenants, to Thomas 
Lukas, William Lukas, and Wenllian Dauid his wiefe, for 
there three lives. Rent 205., custo 28. 4d., just. 28, Sd., suit of 
coort, and suit of myll, 2 capons, 2 geese, heriot, fine 2o2i'., 
tott. payde. W" and his wiefe leevinge ; W™ aged 32 yeeres, 
Wenllian 44. 



PENBICE MANOR. S4S 

^^ *16 ^*^^ Lukas p indenture date primo Oct. 6^ Charoli honldeth 
acr. one tenem^ of lands^ conteyninge about i6 acres^ more or lease, 

being the fowerth p'te of the mead moores in the saide mannor 
with the appurtenants^ to Dauid Lukas, John Lukas his sonne^ 
and Idith Lukas his daughter, for ther three lives. Bent 
yeerely 208, , cust. 28. 2d., 2 capones, suit of coort, and suit of 
mill, one heriot, fine 15Z., tott. paid; all 3 leevinge; Dauid 
55 yeeres, John 16, Idyth 17. 

Dauid Lukas p indenture dat' primo Octobr. & Charoli hould- 
eth the moyty and one hallfe tenem^ of lands and houses called 
Capons hiU, cont' by estimacon aboute 24 acres in the whole, 
to Dauid Lucas, John Lucas his sonne, and Idyth Lukas his 
daughter, for there 3 lives. Rent 105., custo 28. 8rf., just. * ♦ ♦ 
one herriott, fine 15/f., tott. paide; all 3 leevinge; aged, Dauid 
55 yeeres, John 16, Idyth 17. 

Err. 6 aor. William Stephen p indenture dat' 22® Decembr 19 Jacobi 
^ffars houldeth one messuadge and twoe guardens and three sev'all 
10 aor. closes or p'cells of land er, past' and ffurres, commonly called 
Easterne mead moores, conteyninge by estimacon about 16 
acres more or lesse with th'appurtenances, to William Stephen, 
Mawd Gibb his wife, and Jenkin Stephen theire sonne, for 
theire 3 lives. Bent 20«., custom 25., justm^ 28., 2 capons, 
2 geese, suit of coorte, and suit of mill, one heriot, fine 15/t., 
tott. paide; all 3 leeving; W"* aged 60 yeeres, Mawde 40, 
Jenkin 23. 

mSow^s'^*' William Harry Lukas p indenture dat* 30 Junii primo Jacobi 
acr. houldeth two closes of land, err', past' and meaddowe, with the 

appurtenants commonly called and known by the name of 
Nicholls p'ke, by estimaSon about 8 acres more or lesse within 
the saide mannor, to Harry Lukas, John Lukas, and William 
Lukas, sonnes to the said Harry, for theire three lives. Bent 
ii}8. uijd., custom iJ8. vvijd., justm^ ijf. viije/., 2 capons, one 
heriot, fine xxli., tot. payd. William Lukas only livinge, aged 
30 yeers. 

I 1 



244 LORDSHIP OF GOWER. 

Err. 21 Thomas Corteys p indenture dat* 20 Septembr' anno &> CaroU 
dow 2 WOT. hoiildeth one messuage and tenem^ of land wherone the said 
and haife Thomas Curteys now dwelleth, conteyninge by estima^fon ag* 
msbe 2 ocres of errable land^ 2 acres and halfe an acre of medow, and 



acr. 



one acre of rushe^ with the appurtenand, in as lardge and 
ample manner as the said Thomas Curteys houldeth the same 
in the said manner^ to Thomas Curteys th^elder, Thomas Cur- 
teys his sonne, and Jennett Dawkin his nowe wife, for theire 
three lives. Bent xiiij«.^ custom 2^., justm^ ij^., 2 cap., 2 
geese, suit of court and mill, one herriott, fine xxv/t., tot. 
paid ; all three livinge ; Thomas th'elder 73, Thomas his sonne 
30 yeres, Jenett 32. 

Err. 7 acr., John ap Jeran p indenture dat* x® August, y Caroli, houldeth 

aor. . . leB one messuage and tenem^ of lands, conteyning by estimacon about 

and boggs jj acres more or lesse, with th'app'ten, in as large and ample 

marsh manner as Johan Howell held and as the same nowe are in the 

^^' tenure and ocupacon of the said John ap Jevan, to John ap 

Jevan, Johan Harry his now wife, and Thomas ap Jevan theire 

sonne, for theire 3 lives. Rent xiij«. iiijef., custom ij«. yjcf., 

justm^ iJ8. vj(/., ij capons, ij geese, suite of courte and mill, one 

herriott, fine xxv/»., tot. paid ; all 3 livinge ; John aged 50 

yeers, Johan xl, Thomas xx. 

Err. 12 William Somley p indent* dat* 23 June anno 12 Jacobi hould- 

acr ihab • • •^ 

dow 2 aor., eth one messuage and x^ acres of land lyinge in a p'cell of 
and fSrs g'^ound called Myll hill, and xiiij®° acrs of land more, together 
10 acr., with the houses therunto appoynted, conteyninge about xxiiij. 
^*"** ^ acr*s, to the said William Sanley, Gryfiyth Russell, and Mary 

Russell, for theire 3 lives. Rent xU., custom v«., justm^ ys. 

iiij^ cap., 2 geese, 2 herriott, fine 60/f., tot. paid ; all 3 living; 

William aged 70, Gryff. 30, and Mary 28 yeers. 

Err» 2 acr. Roger Lunday p not* dat* 26 Apprill 1632 houldeth one mes- 
dow demid suage and tenement of land conteyninge about 4* acr's, vidzt. 
JemiT ac. ^ ^^^'^ *^^ halfe errable, halfe an acre of medow, halfe an acre 
marsh de- of grove, and halfe ane acre of marshe, to Roger Lunday, and 

mie ae. 



PBNBICB MANOR. S4& 

John Roger Lunday his sonne, for theire 2 lives. Bent xxs., 
custom XTUjd., justm^ xviijc^., 2 cap., 2 geese, one heriott; 
boath livinge; Roger aged 6o yeers, John i6. Fine xiij^. 
iiijflt. solvend. 

Mary Chalke p acquittance dat' 22 January i6i2 houldeth 
X acr's of lands with houses therunto, beinge pte of two ten- 
nem^ late in the hands of John Somley her husband deceased, 
vidzt. 3 acr's in p*ke y doore, 3 acres the Western e Wallks 
Err.6 ftcr., p'ke, and 4" acr's in Myllhill, to Mary Chalke, William Som- 
pasture 4 j^y ^^^ John Somley her two sonnes. Bent yeerly 205. ij«. 
yjd. custom ijs. vjd. justm^ 2 cap., suite of courte and my 11, one 
heriot, fine 25/*., tot. payd; Marie and William only livinge; 
Mary aged 55 yers, William 30. They have a lease allsoe. 

Jenkin Stephen p not' dat' 24 Maij anno 1 61 1 houldeth one 
messuage and tenem^ of land late in the tenure of HumfFrey 
Hodge, conteyninge by estimacon about vij®' acr's, in as large 
and ample manner as the same Humffrey heald and enioyd the 
same, to Jenkin Stephen, Margarett Hoskin his wife, and Mar- 
Err. 6 acr., gerett Stephen theire daughter, for theire 3 lives. Bent x*., 
mie ac, custom ij«. vjrf., justm* iJ5. vjrf., 2 cap., suite of myll and court, 
marsh de- Q^e herriott, fiTyne xvfc'., tot. paid; all 3 livinge; Jenkin aged 
lij yers, Margarett his wife 50, and Marg' Stephen 24. 

Err. 46 Margrett Edward the wiefe of Matthew Turberville gent, 
dow 3 aor." ^^uldeth by indenture one messuage and tenem* conteyninge 
pasture about 62 acres (viz. er. 46 acres medowe p^ acres pasture and 
8 aors. furse p^ acre. Bent 405., custom 3«. 6(/., just. 3«. Od., 4 ca- 
pons and two heriots. 

Thomas Chalke p indent' dat' 16 Julij 8^ Caroli houldeth one 

messuage and tenem^ about 27 acres, vidzt. errable 19 acres, one 

Frastrat &cre gaurden, and meadow and pasture i acre, Thomas Chaulke, 

andvoyd ^xme Dauid his sonnes wiefe, and John Chaulke the saide 

oecansd . 

allreadie Thomas Chaulkes grandsonne. Bent 33^. 4d., custom $8., 
before J*^®** S*** ^ capons, 2 geese, one heriot, fine tott. payde ; all 

three leevioge; Thomas aged 60 yeeres, Anne 32, John 

6 yeres. 



S46 LORDSHIP OF OOWEB. 

J^^^^^ Thomas Mansell esquire honldeth ad vololunt' domi one 
and pas. messuadge and p'cell of land, conteyninge about 20 acres of 
acrs/^ meadow, pasture and woodd, ealled East woodd within the 
saide mannor. Rent xlviij^. vjd. oust' 28. Sd* (2 capons). 

Anne Mansell vid. houldethone messuadge and tenem^ofland, 
conteyninge by estimacon about 8^ acres ad volant' domin, and 
payeth yeerely rent lo^., custom Sd., 2 capons, now shee 
houldeth 3 acres of land at Penrice ad volunt' domi. Bent 3«. 

Mr. Matthew Bennett clerck houldeth about one acre of mea- 
dow, more or lesse, as it lyeth adioyninge unto the ffreehoulde 
of W^ Dawkin, called longe meade, and it is at the west end of 
the saide meadow ; and William Dawkin hath an acre at the 
Medow west end of it, etc. So there is aboute one acre in the east end 
of the saide longe meadowe w^^ is the ffreehoulde of W™ 
Dawkin, and y® rest beinge y® westerne pt. of the saide longe 
meade is the lords lands held of the saide mannor, no we in the 
tenure of Matthew Bennett or his assignee, and one meadow 
neere it called Collyns meade, cont' about 3 acres, with a little 
corner of it streatching into a close of William Dawkins land, 
called Landeck meade, as the landscares and marcks there 
maketh mention, etc. The y^ said Collyns meade is bounded : 
the land of the Lord of Fembrocke beinge a peece aboute hallfe 
an acer of meadow grounde with a greate landshare stone in 
the middst of a landshare w^^ leadeth all alonge betweene y^ 
L^ medowe and it one the east pS the little wielde p'ke Lan- 
docks mead one the south pte and the broad leyes : and a little 
meadow one the weast p'te and north p'tes, beinge the lands of 
W™ Dawkins, and one other meadowe called Bucks meade 
about 2 acres, a close called Peacocks tayle one the easte parte, 
Broade leyes and the ffootland on the south p'te, beinge the 
lands of William Dawkin ; the demaines of Wiblie being in the 
hands of Gryffyth Penry one the weste p'te, the Englishe- 
mannes close being ye lands of William Dawkin one the north 
p'te, beinge in all about 6 acres of meadowe ground, and what 
terme the same is graunted for we doe not knowe ; it lyeth in 
the p'ishe of Llanridian near Leastons, etc. Rent los., 2 ca- 
pons yeerely. 



.t 



PENKIGB MAKOR. £47 

William Bennett p indenture dat. hooldeth one 

water grist mill with the appur at Parke. Rent vj/t. p' annu, 
just' ijs.y ij caponsj suit of coorte, etc., for the lyfe of John 
Eynon aged about 24 yeeres. 

THERE is within the saide mannor a p'cell of land called 
y® weasterne greate mead moores, cont' aboute fortye acres of 
land, lyeinge in it selfe, beinge pasture and fiursie ground, the 
w^ hath for a long time been and yet is lett with the £farme of 
Byrry, and hath beene and yett is included in y^ same rent 
with the saide fiarme. 

There is an other p'cell of land within the saide mannor which 
is called the Brynshill, cont' about xx^^ acres, being pasture 
and ffursie ground, the which hath beene and yett is lett out 
with y^ fiarme of Scurladge, and is alsoe included in the same 
rent with the saide ffarme. 

William Bennett houldeth ad volunt' domin one close of land, 
cont' about 4 acres, beinge pasture and ffurse, and payeth rent 
yeerely xijd. and ij capons. 

15. TO the xy^ we say, that the Lord hath a water mill within 
the sayde mannor, and whate it is worth we knowe not by the 
yeere. It is in the ocupa6on of William Bennett, and the 
tenants of thq. manners of Oxwich, Penrice and Horton, oweth 
suite to the said mill. 

16, 17, 18. TO the xvi^y xvij**', and xviij*^, we say, that we 
knowe none that doe intrude upon y® Lords fishing, hawkinge, 
and other ryalltyes, etc. ; nor the Lord employeth noe land to 
justm^ save Edward Einon's moore, neyther hath the Lord any 
fowlinge that we knowe w®^ may be beniffitiall, etc., within the 
saide mannor. 

19. TO the xix^ we say, that the lord hath tyme out of mynde 
hadd and received all waifies, estrayes, felons goods, treasure 
troave, and such like, and to ye uttemost of our knowledge,