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. « • • •

• ■ . • * •

CALIFORNIA STATE BOARD OP •EDUCATIO'N

BULLETIN No. 20

The
Landscape Improvement

Rural School Grounds

Written by

PROFESSOR J. W. GREGG,

Professor of Landscape Gardening and Floricnlture
University of California

With Supplementary Lists of Ornamental Plants, by

Assistant Professor R. T. STEVENS and

MISS KATHERINE D. JONES

Submitted by the

Commissioner of Elementary Schools

of California

32095

CALHrOKNIA STATE PBINTINQ OFFICai

8ACRAMENT0

1917

• •

• « • •

• • *
• » •

• «

b^.

?-'

0'^

J :

FOREWORD.

THE LANDSCAPE IMPROVEMENT OF RURAL SCHOOL GROUNDS.

The following bulletin, written at our request by Professor J. W.
Gregg of the University of California, with the addition of lists of
trees, shrubs and flowers, suitable for school grounds, furnished by
Assistant Professor Kalph T. Stevens, and Miss K. D. Jones, while
designed to meet some of the immediate and pressing needs of our
schools, has elements of permanent value. It, therefore, should not
only receive careful consideration now, but be kept for future reference
and study whenever the planning or planting of school grounds is to
be undertaken.

The detailed plans for grounds are sufficiently numerous and varied
to be distinctly helpful to any district where the school grounds are
ample enough to admit of landscape treatment. Grounds of such
amplitude are of course desirable for every school. It is not always
feasible to provide them in large cities, but there is no suburban or
rural district in California that can not have them if only there be a
resolute and an intelligently directed effort to do so. In districts
where the present population is too small to provide or to maintain
such grounds, the desired ends can be obtained by judicious consolida-
tion of neighboring schools. Such consolidation would result in a triple
benefit, for not only could the school grounds be enlarged and beauti-
fied, but the school buildings could be made more spacious, and more
convenient, while the courses of instruction, made more numerous and
more varied, could be carried on under better conditions.

Professor Gregg says: ** Little satisfactory development can take
place on a half acre. One acre is small enough; and from three to
five are not considered too much for the school that has seventy or a
hundred children who must be provided with baseball, tennis, basket-
ball and other games. As districts become consolidated aiid other com-
munity interests begin to center around the school, a need for larger
grounds will be apparent. Land values will be constantly increasing
and it is safe to predict they will never be lower. It should be con-
sidered good business therefore to acquire more land than may be
needed immediately, in order to provide for future needs."

The first task then in school ground improvement is that of provid-
ing ample area. When that has been done, the planting plans will have
practical value and the lists of trees and shrubs will be instructively
interesting for years to come. Fortunately a large number of our rural
schools have such grounds, and for them the bulletin has an immediate
appeal through information, suggestion and counsel.

Margaret Schalubnberger McNaught,

Commissioner of Elementary Schools.

2—32095

r^6047l

■ c •

f m

THE LANDSCAPE IMPROVEMENT OF RURAL SCHOOL

GROUNDS.

By Pbof. J. W. Gbego, University of California.

Introduction. — ^In this great state of California which Nature has
so abundantly supplied with a wealth of resources and so much beau-
tiful natural scenery, it would be reasonable to expect that every phase
of rural life would be found developing in its own ideal environment.
Strange as it may appear, however, the great amount of scenic wealth
which Nature in a most generous mood so lavishly bestowed upon this
fair state, has not made us appreciate fully the aesthetic or practical
value of landscape beauty as it should exist around the "homes of men."

In many sections of California this scenic beauty has not been con-
served, but totally destroyed to permit of a rapid economic develop-
ment. In other parts where Nature was less generous we have not
always sought to create that landscape wealth so essential to the health,
happiness and prosperity of the inhabitants.

Our forefathers in New England, while facing problems involving
their very existence, did not neglect the development of their home
grounds or the improvement of their village streets, as the beautiful
old colonial gardens and state American elms so frequently testify.
The love for beautiful gardens and well developed home grounds which
were such intimate parts of their lives in the mother country, continued
to manifest itself, and not until the struggle for an independent national
life began, did the spirit of progress in landscape gardening begin to
wane. Later, as economic conditions began to improve and the people
became more prosperous, there was a renewal of interest in better home
surroundings and general civic development.

There were new and unimproved sections of this country, however,
which in turn were destined to pass through the usual pioneer stage,
but which were not quite so fortunate as New England, because colonial
life with many of its cherished traditions had ceased to exist and the
influence it had exerted over the landscape improvement of that sec-
tion was partly lost to others. The Spanish padres in the early days
of California established gardens around the missions, but with the
advent of the white settler and the *'days of '49" the interest in these
gardens began to wane, and they have never since been very important
factors in the landscape gardening of the state.

In the early days of California ''gold" was in many cases the sole
object in life, and the wandering prospector had little thought or need
of anything else. The rancher — ^the truest home-builder of the nation,
however — found himself in a new, undeveloped part of the country,

. . • — 6 —

• . • . " : •• •, . •

and though often possessed of little but his most personal belongings,
still had thought and time for the improvement of his home environ-
ment. The years of toil and pioneering soon brought improved eco-
nomic conditions, the necessities of life were provided for or were more
easily attained, and the pleasures derived from better developed home
grounds were soon realized. What had in the past been c(Misidered
expensive luxuries were soon recognized as most valuable factors in the
upbuilding of any individual or community.

We are now noticing a growing and widespread interest in landscape
gardening as it deals with the improvement of home grounds, school

No. 2. An artistic yet practical development of a comparatively small area.

grounds, public parks, and numerous other phases of rural or city life,
and it is the purpose of this publication to present in a very brief way
a few suggestions concerning the proper improvement of the grounds
surrounding those ''school homes'' in which the children of this state
spend so large a portion of their young lives, especially at an age when
surroundings count so much in the upbuilding of their mental, moral
and physical fiber. If the ''school home" is to compete with the tempta-
tions around about the growing child, it must be fortified with every
excellent condition obtainable.

— 7 —

KEY TO PLANTING PLAN.

For the Biola Public School, Biala, California.

By University of California, Division of Landscape Gardeningr, October 24, 1916.

Oroup
number

Number
of plants

Botanical name

1 —

Eucalyptus viminalls.

Acacia balleyana.

3..— —

Jasminum officinalis (Jessamine).

4 ...

Ampelopsis tricuspidata (Boston Ivy).

Lonicera japonica lialliana (Honeysuckle).

Clematis montana.

7.—....

Mandevilla suaveolens (Chilean Jasmine).

Viburnum ellipticum.

Heteromeles arbutifolia (Christmas Berry).

10-

Leptospermiim Isevigatum.

Bosemarinus officinalis (Rosemary).

Cistus ladanilerus maculatus (Rock Rose).

Buddleia globosa.

Hakea saligna.

Lavendula vera (Lavender).

16.

Carpenterla calif ornica.

17. -

Hakea suaveolens.

Ceanothus thyrsiflorus (Wild Lilac).

19.

1 12

Melaleuca nesophila.

20-

Acacia armata.

21..

Rhamnus calif ornica (Coffee Berry).

22-

Washlngtonia fllifera.

Myrtus communis (Myrtle).

' 6

Raphiolepis japonica.

Garrya elliptlca.

Myrtus communis microphylla (Small-leaved Myrtle).

27 _

Nerium oleander.

Cortaderia argentea (Pampas Grass).

29 -.

Spartium junceum (Spanish Broom).

30-

110

Cupressus macrocarpa (Monterey Cypress).

Dr. Henry Suzzallo, president of the University of Washington, has
truly said, ''Tradition has decreed that the home of sovereignty shall
be beautiful in its structure and setting. The palaces and estates of
kings registered this custom among Europeans. How shall America,
with local self-government and popular sovereignty, express its rever-
ence for law and liberty ? More than any other place, the public school
is the seat of American sovereignty! It is the one institution that is
visible to every citizen. The American counterpart of the European
palace and estate is the American public school and school grounds.
Let us make the schools of America as beautiful as they can be made —
fine, genial places, where children will be glad to work and citizens
pleased to congregate for every neighborly purpose. Let every com-
munity learn from architect and landscape designer what can be done
to make the intellectual and civic home of young American citizens
expressive of the finest ideals we have of living. The example and
influence will not be lost. Growing youth will carry new ideals of
order and tidiness and beauty into their working lives. The grown
neighbors of the school will take an attractive school's standard back

— 9 —

to their farms, orchards and homesteads, to enrich rural life and help
to keep country boys and girls there."

During the last quarter century, the spirit of progress in the improve-
ment of the architecture and physical surroundings of our public
schools in general, has greatly manifested itself. School architecture
has improved wonderfully, in the larger towns and cities of the state,
but can we say as much concerning the architectural and landscape
development of schools in the rural communities? In the majority of
cases conditions are not materially better than they were twenty-five
years ago. We regret that school grounds are not larger and more
beautiful, and that the buildings are not more modem and better
located.

Location and Size of School Grounds. — One of the first problems
that should receive more serious consideration by school trustees is that
which concerns the size and location of school grounds. A site should
be chosen — other conditions being satisfactory — that is as centrally
located as possible in order that distances may be shortened to accom-
modate the largest number of children. The land should be reasonably
level in its natural contour, as little or no grading will then be required
to establish satisfactory play areas or care for other features that are
more difficult to locate on rough irregular surfaces. Baseball, tennis,
basketball and other desirable games are played with greater satisfac-
tion and pleasure on level ground, while problems of irrigation in con-
nection with ornamental plantings or school gardens are less difiicult
of solution. School grounds that are comparatively level are main-
tained at less expense, present a much better appearance, and permit
of a more economic and pleasing development. The time is past when
land which has been condemned for other purposes, because of its poor
location, poor soil or rough contour, should be purchased for school
use. The low cost of such land is usually the determining factor, but
it proves to be the most expensive in the end if an ideal development
is wanted.

Besides being poorly located, many school grounds are entirely too
small. Such areas not only fail to provide for the modem require-
ments of the school proper, but for the civic needs of the community
as well. The time has arrived when the school may properly become
the civic center of rural life, and as such, it should be equipped with
sufficient land to provide for all the needs of a progressive community.
It is now generally acknowledged that children must play and that the
playground is an absolute necessity, a little world, with its own prob-
lems and interests, in which are taught tact, management, leadership,
quickness of thought and action, and many other sterling qualities for
which the coming generations will have great need. For this reason,

— 10 —

if no other, school grounds should be of sufficient size to provide for
all the larger as well as the smaller games and athletic sports that boys
and girls delight in.

CflLlPftTI^I/l 6IVftnimfi\ SCHOOL

I tnreiu akcowiTTY. ctikiroivn ■

V.«UL^

No. 4. A well-balanced development of a rectangular piece of school property.

School grounds should be large enough to permit of the building
being located far enough back from the road that the noise and dust
from passing traffic will not become a nuisance, A pleasing landscape

— 11 —

approach and setting for the building is a most valuable asset. It indi-
cates the progressiveness of the district, and above all, is attractive
rather than repelling to the school children. Youth is quick to recog-
nize and respond to the influence of ** beauty" in the form of trees,
shrubs, vines and other landscape material, and the larger the grounds,
the greater the opportunity for making them attractive. The problem
of maintenance, with respect to cultivation and irrigation, has often
determined to a certain extent the size of school grounds and the
amount of landscape improvement. This problem is easily solved, how-
ever, when a cooperative spirit is developed among trustees, parents,
teachers and students.

Little satisfactory development can take place on a half acre. One
acre is small enough and three to five acres are not considered too much
for the school that has seventy-five or one hundred children, who must
be provided with baseball, tennis, basketball, and other play space.
As districts become consolidated and other community interests begin
to center around the school, a need for larger grounds will be apparent.
Land values are constantly increasing, and it is safe to predict they
will never be lower. It should be considered good business, therefore,
to acquire more land than may be needed immediately, in order to
provide for future development.

Orientation and Shape of Grounds. — The development of school
grounds is influenced also by their exposure and shape; good light at
all times, sun during the winter months and protection from severe
prevailing winds, are three very important factors to be considered in
selecting and improving school property. The orientation and shape
of the grounds should determine the location of all buildings, play
areas, windbreaks and other mass plantings, in order that the maximum
of utility, convenience, comfort and beauty, may be obtained.

Properly located windbreaks in the form of large mass plantings of
trees have made many sections of California and many farm homes
more livable, and they should prove just as valuable for school grounds.

Long, narrow pieces of land necessitate a different arrangement of
features from those that are square or triangular in shape. Irregular
shaped grounds are diflBcult to develop economically or aesthetically,
while those that are square or in the form of broad rectangles, offer
much better opportunities for a systematic arrangement of all features.
Desirable distant views, water supply and sanitation are other impor-
tant factors that should be considered in connection with orientation
when selecting the school site, because they may influence materially
the whole design. A site having a warm south or southeast exposure,
and a contour which permits of good surface drainage during the rainy

3--32005

— 12 —

season, is generally considered ideal, although other exposures may be
deemed more desirable in certain sections of the state.

Walba and Drives. — "Walks and drives are not in themselves very
ornamental and good ones are most expensive to construct. They are
more or less necessary, in order that the principal features of the

grounds may be readily accessible. They may add or detract from the
whole design, however, as they are properly or improperly located, or
as they approach the extreme in number and width. On small grounds,
or when the building is close to the road, one entrance with a straight
single or double walk, usually looks better and is most serviceable.

— 13 —

When the grounds are large, and the building is located farther back
from the main road, more than one entrance may be required and the
road or walk laid out in easy, graceful curves. The number, width and
arrangement of walks and drives will depend, of course, upon the loca-
tion of the features they are to serve and the amount of traffic they will
be required to care for. A service drive should be provided and so
located as to facilitate the delivery of fuel and other supplies, and to
make horse-sheds, barns or garden areas easily accessible. Walks and
drives are usually too numerous, too wide, and poorly located, with the
result that they are very conspicuous and costly features. The prin-
cipal walk from the road to the building may be from six to ten feet
in width. In some cases, however,* the architectural lines of the main
entrance of the building may require the walk to be wider for the sake
of appearance. Minor walks may be from three to five feet, according
to the number of children that might be expected to use them at one
time. Service drives may be as narrow as eight feet. Ten feet is
much better, however, and twelve or fifteen may be necessary under
some conditions. It is impossible to establish any definite widths for
walks and drives that would meet the requirements of every school.
Good judgment has to be exercised in every case and the principal
factors of utility and beauty thoroughly considered.

The main walk, and perhaps some others near the building, should
be permanently constructed of concrete or brick, in order that they may
furnish a clean solid surface under all weather conditions and be less
expensive to maintain. Gravel, crushed rock or dirt walks, are seldom
satisfactory and are expensive to maintain in even a reasonable condi-
tion. These materials may have to be used for the less important walks,
however, and for drives and playground surfaces.

— 14 —

No. 6. An extensive and complete arrangement of
a long, narrow piece of school property.

— 15 —

KEY TO PLANTING PLAN.

For Westmoreland School, Imperial County, Cal.

By Division of Landscape Gardening, University of California, December 27, 1916.

Group
number

Number
of plants

Botanical name

1_-

2..

3..

6..

8..

9..

10..

11-

12..

13-.

14-

15-

16.

17-

18:

19.

20-

21.

22.

23-

24.

25.

Leptospermum Isevigatum ( Australian Tea Tree).

Punica granatum (Pomegranate).

Oleander (red).

S.trelltzia reglna (Bird of Paradise Flower).

Myrtus communis (Common Myrtle).

Myrtus communis microphylla (Small-leaved Myrtle).

Zizyphus jujuba (Jujube).

Oholsya ternata (Mexican Orange).

Prunus laurocerasus (English Laurel).

Myrtus luma.

Lantana (Dwarf Orange).

Fraxlnus velutina (Arizona Ash).

Plttosporum tobira.

Baphlolepsid japonlca.

Ampelopsis tricuspidata (Boston Ivy).

Japanese Lantern Vine.

Ficus pumila (Creeping Fig).

Carpenteria Califomica.

Oeratonia siliqua (St. John's Bread).

Polygala dalmaisiana.

Bignonia buccinatoria (Trumpet Flower).

Lantana camara.

Bignonia venusta.

Tecoma australis.

Playgrounds. — ^As previously stated, playgrounds are considered
an absolute necessity. Children must play, even in the country, and
school' grounds should be designed to provide for all the healthy games
boys and girls delight in. The boys' play area should contain a base-
ball diamond, basketball and handball courts, and some kind of a run-
ning track, no matter how small, or if nothing more than a straight-
away. Provisions should also be made for high and broad jumping
and, possibly, volleyball. Nowadays girls are indulging in all of the
above mentioned games, but more especially basketball, volleyball and
tennis. Therefore, a girls' play area which will provide for these
games, must also be located. The boys' playground is usually the
largest, due in part to the greater area required for baseball. It should
be separated, nevertheless, from the girls' area by some apparently
natural line of demarcation, such as a walk, drive, line of trees, hedge,
fence or pergola. Tennis is a very popular game with all children, and
itis usually advisable to locate one or more courts where either boys or
girls may make free use of them. Where there are a number of very
small children in the school, a third play area must be located which will
contain swings, seesaws, sand-boxes, slides, etc. The location of the
various play areas, mentioned above, must be made with due respect to
an economic division of the land, protection from severe winds, orienta-
tion, supervision, safety, and last, but not least, beauty. In the major-

H
II
1

— 17 —

ity of cases a good dirt surface for play areas will give as much satis-
faction as more expensive types, especially if they can be crowned
slightly to care for surface drainage during the winter months. Some-
times, however, gravel or fine crushed rock and oil will be found very
desirable.

School (lardens. — Gardening in different forms is now being taught
in many schools and this work should be provided for where the soil
^ is good and where the area will not be unsightly when not in use.

Often a tool house, lath house and frames will be needed and they should
be located in harmony with other surrounding features. The area
should be inclosed by a hedge or good wire fence, over which roses and
ornamental vines may be grown. This latter recommendation applies
also to the school property as a whole. A good substantial woven wire
fence, well painted and overgrown with attractive vines, not only adds
materially to the appearance of the whole scheme, but protects all
interior features as well.

— 18 —

No. 8. A satisfactory arrangement of school grounds of irregular shape.

— 19

KEY TO PLANTING PLAN.
For the Coleman Grammar School, San Rafael, California, October 23, 1916.

Group
number

Number
of pUnto

Botanical name

5 _-

10-

19-

23-

29-

80-

Platanus orientalis (Oriental Plane).

Acacia melanoxylon (Blackwood Acacia).

Lonicera japonica halliana (Honeysuckle).

Escallonia rubra.

SuonymuB japonious.

Abies nordmanniana (Nordmann's Fir).

Abies pinsapo (Spanish Fir).

Oedrus deodara (Deodar Oedar).

Prunus persica, double red (Flowering Peach).

Ampelopsis tricuspidata (Boston Ivy).

Eugenia myrtifolia.

Oydonia japonica sangulnea (Japanese Quince).

Oarpenteria callfomica.

Sscallonia montevidensis.

Ooprosma baueri.

Ohoisya temata (Mock Orange).

Myrtus communis (Myrtle).

Myrtus communis microphylla.

Baphiolepis japonica.

Prunus lusltanica (Portugal Laurel).

Veronica decussata.

Pyracantha crenulata (Burning Bush).

Pyracantha coccinea lalandii.

Oytisus scoparius andreanus (Scotch Broom).

Berberis stenophylla.

Acacia armata.

Oallistemon lanceolatus (Bottle Brush).

Melaleuca nesophila.

Arbutus unedo (Strawberry Tree).

Heteromeles arbutifolia ((Christmas Berry).

Oistus ladanlferus maculatus (Bock Rose).

Ornamental Plantings. — Trees, shrubs, vines, annual and herbaceous
plants, may now be considered as the necessary omamental material
with which the skeleton of the whole plan is clothed and beautified.
Many people have a tendency to think of plants as the whole of land-
scape, and landscape gardening as that practice which considers only
their propagation, planting and care. Landscape gardening in the light
of modern thought and practice is an art which seeks to arrange the
surface of the land and all elements on the surface for human use,
habitation and convenience, and enjoyment, in such way, as to create
a beautiful picture or composition, possessing all the economic and
SBSthetic qualities of an organized whole.

Plants of various kinds, however, are most important elements in the
majority of landscapes and more of them should be used in the embel-
lishment of school grounds. Nothing adds more to the beauty or utility
of sucji areas than a good collection of judiciously arranged and well-
grown trees and shrubs. Trees may be planted in such a way as not
only to frame the school building, but to preserve desirable distant
views. They may also serve to check severe winds, screen objectionable
views and furnish shade, if needed. Omamental shrubs in variety may

4—32095

— 21 —

be planted around the base o£ the school building, at intersections of
walks or drives, in out-of-the-way comers, and for the screening of low
objects. They should never be scattered promiscuously as individual
specimens over a large area, and should not be planted in regularly
dejSned beds in the center of lawn areas or where they will interfere in
any way with general playground features. They also serve as
'* facings" for tree groups and as ** filler material*' in windbreaks or
larger screen plantings. Vines are useful in covering fences, lunch
houses, pergolas and trellises. Even the appearance of the school build-
ing may often be improved by some kind of vine growth. Annual and
herbaceous plants may be used in shrubbery borders and in many other
situations where they will give that trace of color so pleasing to the eye.

It is impossible to enumerate all the uses which different kinds of
plants may be put to, the desirable effects they can produce, or the
service they can render. They not only possess an aesthetic value, but
an economic value as well, which is hard to state in the terms of money.
Here in California, with such a wide range of climatic and soil condi-
tions, and a most extensive flora, both native and exotic, there is no
reason why our school grounds should not be the best developed and
the most beautiful of any in America. To accomplish all this, however,
each problem has to be studied in a systematic and business-like way,
and definite plans prepared in advance.

Landscape Plans. — ^Plans for the economic and aesthetic develop-
ment of school grounds are just as essential as architectural plans which
govern the design of a building. Without plans, the maximum of
utility, convenience, comfort and beauty can not be obtained in the
development of school grounds. Such plans should be prepared even
though it may take several years to carry them out in all details. One
year the walks and drives may be put in, the next year some of the
planting may be done, and so on as finances permit, until at last the
completed scheme will be one to be proud of, because everything will
have been provided for in the most useful and beautiful way.

Selection of Plant Material. — ^All trees, shrubs, vines and other
plants to be used in the beautifying of school grounds, should be care-
fully chosen with respect to their adaptability to the soil and climatic
conditions of the particular site and section of the state. They should
be varieties that will produce the greatest service and effect for the
amount of care and attention they will later receive. The class of
material found growing in nurseries under local conditions should be
taken as a guide in the selection of varieties. There is also much desir-
able native growth that is well adapted to planting in many sections
of the state. Plants that thrive and produce desirable effects in the
cool climate and heavy soils of San Francisco Bay region may not prove

— 23 —

at all successful in the hot interior valleys. Numerous other similar
examples might be cited to show how important it is to study local coni
ditions and select varieties of ornamental stock that will prove the most
satisfactory with a reasonable amount of care.

Planting and Care. — Choosing varieties of plants that are adapted
to local conditions is not the whole problem, however, as many people
believe. Their future growth for service and beauty will depend upon
how well they are planted and how much care they receive until they
become established. Many failures may be traced directly back to
haphazard planting, and neglect. Too much attention can not be given
to the preparation of the Soil where plants are to grow. It should bQ
worked as deep as possible in order to improve the physical condition
and permit the roots of the trees or shrubs to grow down deep and away
from the surface. Hard, packed soils force plants to become shallow
rooted, to the extent of their requiring a larger amount of water during
the summer, to keep them alive, or they blow over when the soil becomes
rain-soaked in winter. Deep working of soils and the diggings of large
holes at the time of planting means much in the establishment and later
growth of the plants Many soil^ will be greatly improved by adding
a good quantity of stable manure before planting, such material noi
only enriching the soil, but greatly improving its physical condition.
Lime is also becoming an important element in the improvement of many
California soils and should find wider use in landscape gardening.

After the soil has been well prepared, the trees and other material
proi)erly planted, attention should then be given to staking, irrigation,
cultivation and mulching. One of the great number of objections that
have hem offered in the past against the planting of school grounds is,
that it is impossible to properly care for the plants during the long dry
period when the school is not in session. This is not such a big problem
as it appears to be. In many sections of the state severe winds at
different seasons often *'whip'' the young trees and shrubs around until
they become broken or partly uprooted. Some redwood stakes driven
firmly into the ground at the time of planting will prevent such damage
and assist greatly in establishing firm root growth. Such stakes do not
cost much and may be the means of saving many trees.

All plants should receive a thorough watering at the time of planting,
in order to settle the soil around the roots and help them to become
established as soon as possible. After the surface soil has dried out
sufficiently to permit of its being cultivated, it should be worked into
a fine dirt mulch which will help to keep down weeds and conserve a
great amount of water for the immediate growth of the plants. Such
treatment is not necessarily expensive if parents and children can be
cooperatively interested to the extent of having a ** Gardening Day'*

■S8

— 25 —

now and then when such details as cultivation, irrigation and pruning
may be properly attended to. Such thorough cultivation after the first
watering postpones considerably the need for a second irrigation, which,
in turn, may be followed by another cultivation or the plants mulched
with fine old straw or stable manure. As a rule, three good irrigations
during the dry season, with due attention given to good cultivation or
mulching, will be sufficient to establish the plants and produce a satis-
factory growth. Some plants will die under the best of care and some
loss should be expected. Such plants, however, can be replaced the
second season and no time will be lost in producing the final effect.

K ornamental plantings can receive a reasonable amount of care for
the first two or three years, they may do fairly well with less attention
later. It should be remembered that the great majority of plants will
produce their best growth if given some care in the form of staking,
irrigation, mulching, fertilizing and pruning. It is true there are many
native plants in California that seem to be adapted to adverse soil and
climatic conditions, but, as a rule, they are not varieties that we want
entirely on our home or school grounds.

The list of plants that accompany the plans illustrated herein and
the larger lists that follow will, it is hoped, give some idea as to the class
of plant material that can be used for various purposes in the planting
of school grounds. They are merely suggestive and make no pretension
to being complete. Neither has this bulletin attempted to discuss in
great detail the numerous problems involved in the systematic develop-
ment of modern school grounds. It is hoped, however, that the subject
as a whole has been presented in such a way as not only to make clearer
to school boards, teachers and parents the need for better conditions
around the ** intellectual homes'' of our boys and girls, but to guide
them in the solution of their own individual problems by pointing out
in a general way some of the great factors involved.

I LIVE HERE.

By Stbickland Gillilan.

A garden, a perfect moeaic. deep green 'gaioBt the blackest of loam,

Spread out De&r a little log cabin — but immaculate borne !

I paused to admire — who could help it! — tbe weedless expanse near the door,

Wbere, pleased with my pleasured inspection, stood a "namm;" at years thai ari

"A beautiful garden," I ventured. She cupped a brown band to her ear.
"Pine garden !" I shouted. "Oh aholj ! it ought to be fine — I live here .'"
I went on my way with a sermon as great as T ever bad heard.
The highest paid preacher existent could never have added a word.

Were every human who cnmbers tbe tiniest spot of the earth
To see that the place he inhabits — the work brain or fingers ^ve birth —
Stood perfect as e'er be could make it — dear God ! what a different sphere !
Let's borrow onr motto from "mammy" — "It ought to be fine — T live here !"

No. 12. Diagram Showing Spao

Raquircd for Some Common Outdoor Can

— 27

A REFERENCE LIST OF LITERATURE.

ON LANDSCAPE GARDENING AND HOME FLORICULTURE.

BOOKS.

Ailgiers, Bell Sumner.

The California Book of Gardening.

Published by Paul Elder, San Francisco. Price, $1.25.

Braunton, Ernest.

The Garden Beautiful in California.

Published by Cultivator Publishing Co., Los Angeles. Price, $1.00.

Lyon, William S.

Gardening in California.

Published by George Rice & Sons, Los Angeles. Price, $1.00. Now
out of print, but may be found in public libraries.

McLaren, John.

Gardening in California, Landscape and Flower.

Published by A. M. Robertson, San Francisco. Price, $3.50.

Murmann, Eugene 0.
California Gardens.
Published by Eugene 0. Murmann, Los Angeles. Price, $2.00.

Wicfcson, E. J.

California Garden Flowers, Shrubs, Trees and Vines.
Published by Pacific Rural Press, San Francisco. Price, $1.50.

Cridland, Robert B.

Practical Landscape Gardening.

Published by A. T. De La Mare Printing and Publishing Co., New
York.

Waugh, Frank A.

Rural Improvement.

Published by Orange Judd Company, New York.

Kellaway, Herbert J.

How to Lay Out Suburban Home Grounds.
Published by John Wiley & Sons, New York.

Parsons, S., Jr.

How to Plan the Home Grounds.

Published by Doubleday, Page & Company, Garden City, New York.

Roberts, Isaac Phillips.
The Farmstead.
Published by The MacMillan Company, New York.

— 28 —

MAGAZINES.

California Oard^i.

Published monthly at San Diego; Editor, Alfred D. Bobinson.
Price, $1.00 per year.

Note. — Short articles on California Gardeningr and Floriculture may be found from
time to time in many other magrazines and asrrlcultural papers, not mentioned in the
list. Many nursery and seed catalogrues also, contain a considerable amount of cul-
tural information.

BULLETINS.

Babeock, E. B.

Tree Growing in Public Schools, Circular 59.

Published by College of Agriculture, Agricultural Exp. Station,

Berkeley. Free. Now out of print, but may be found in public

libraries.

Babeock, E. B.

Suggestions for Garden Work in California Schools, Circular 46.
Published by College of Agriculture, Agricultural Exp. Station,

Berkeley. Free. Now out of print, but may be found in public

libraries.

Essig, E. 0.

Injurious and Beneficial Insects of California (2d edition).
Supplement Monthly Bulletin.

Published by California State Commission of Horticulture, Sacra-
mento. Free.

Gregg, J. W., and Stevens, R. T.

Home Floriculture, Correspondence Course 27.
Published by College of Agriculture, Agricultural Exp. Station,
Berkeley. Free.

Homans, C. Morris.

Street Highway Planting, Bulletin 4.

Published by California State Board of Forestry, Sacramento.
Free.

Smith, E. E. and E. H.

California Plant Diseases, Bulletin 218.

Published by College of Agriculture, Agricultural Exp. Station,

Berkeley. Free. Now out of print, but may be found in public

libraries.

— 29 —

PLANT MATERIALS FOR SCHOOL GROUNDS IN

CALIFORNIA.

By Pbof. R. T. Stevens and Miss K. D. Jones, University of California.

No pretensions have been made in compiling the following list to
include every plant of desirable ornamental characteristics that is suited
to school ground planting in California. Many exotics are being con-
tinually introduced, some of which have proved highly satisfactory,
while others are little known. The effort has been rather to classify
under various subheads those plants which are undoubtedly suited for
the purpose indicated and which have proved themselves well adapted
to the various sections of the state.

Many of the deciduous ornamental plants commonly employed in the
eastern United States for landscape planting have purposely been

* - ->-^'' c^,^^ ■*;„,— ,3> - / «' «»> * . - * li»"*"w

II nr k-\ * o . -

■ t

(7^

i ;V. ,

mm-:'

0.f

]

T^VKic-rtrrcnl Or
Tp»ip*i^ :?<ii-»«i^ Clc•«M^^

Js— .1

No. 13. A school building preventing a satisfactory development because of its incorrect

location.

omitted, as they fail to produce the same wonderful spring-flower effects
under the different climatic conditions of California. Only such decidu-
ous shrubs as bloom freely and seem to have become more or less adapted
to the drier climate of this state are included.

Because of the great variety of climatic and soil conditions throughout
the state, it has been necessary to separate the plants into three lists.
The first and largest list consists of those plants more or less adapted
to all the cultivated areas in the state. The other two lists are supple-
mentary and contain additional plants especially adapted to the central
and northern coast counties and that part of southern California in the
vicinity of the coast.

— 30 —

TREES MORE OR LESS ADAPTED TO ALL THE CULTIVATED DISTRICTS

OF CALIFORNIA.

Shade Trees. — It is often desirable, especially in the warmer dis-
tricts of the state, to employ trees with wide-spreading habit in the
vicinity of school playgrounds. Such trees must be more or less
resistant to abuse and poor cultural conditions, and in most cases,
should be deciduous to admit sunshine in winter.

Platanus orientalis — European Sycamore.

Ulmus campestris-j-English Elm.

Castanea sativa — Italian Chestnut.

Morus alba — ^White Mulberry.

Robinia pseudacacia — ^Black Locust.

Populus deltoides carolinensis — Carolina Poplar.

Salix babylonica — ^Weeping Willow.

Quercus agrifolia — Coast Live Oak.

Quercus suber — Cork Oak.

Ficus carica — Common Fig.

Pistacia sinensis — Chinese Pistache.

Lawn Specimens. — The front yard of many school grounds may be
further embellished by the careful use of the more ornamental varieties
of trees. Such trees furnish little shade but serve to frame the school
building and to give height to the border plantations.. As a class, they
must receive some care and water during the hot summer months.

Pinus canariensis — Canary Island Pine.

Ulmus parviflora — "Chinese Evergreen" Elm.

Magnolia grandiflora.

Cedrus deodara— Deodar Cedar.

Chamsecyparis lawsoniana — ^Lawson Cypress.

Araucaria bidwillii — Chili Pine.

Cryptomeria japonica — Japanese Cedar.

Libocedrus decurrens — Incense Cedar.

Prunus ilicifolia integrifolia — Catalina Island Cherry.

Prunus atropurpurea — ^Purple-leaved Plum.

Taxodium distichum — Bald Cypress.

Pittosporum phillyraeoides — ^Weeping Pittosporum.

Street Trees.— Some trees because of their long life, neatness, sym-
metrical habit, and resistance to abuse, pruning and poor cultural con-
ditions are especially suited to street planting. On straight streets
one variety should be used throughout. Great advantages will arise

— 31 —

from the practice of digging large deep holes for each tree and filling
in with enriched soil. A freshly planted tree should always be securely
staked.

Acacia melanoxylon — ^Blackwood Acacia.

Eucalyptus polyanthemos — ^Bed Box.

Fraxinus velutina — ^Arizona Ash, .

Ulmus campestris — English Elm.

Illmus vegeta — ^Huntington Elm.

Platanus orientalis — European Sycamore.

Acer macrophyllum — ^Big-leaved Maple.

Somewhat Drought Resistant. — Ho plant is drought resistant, but
many trees have the ability to grow and become more or less ornamental
under very adverse cultural conditions of soil and moisture.

Pinus pinea — Italian Stone Pine.

Pinus nigra — Austrian Pine.

Cupressus arizonica — ^Arizona Cypress.

Cupressus guadalupensis — ^Blue Cypress.

Olea europjea — Olive.

Eucalyptus viminalis, rostrata, globulus, and polyanthemos.

Quercus suber — Cork Oak.

Acacia decurrens dealbata — Silver Wattle.

Acacia decurrens mollis — ^Black Wattle.

Casuarina in variety — ^Beefwood.

Bobinia pseudaeacia — ^Black Locust.

Fraxinus velutina — ^Arizona Ash.

Albizzia julibrissin.

* Windbreaks. — Certain trees because of their rapidity of growth,
resistance to wind and cold, and adaptability to most soil conditions
may be grown closely together to act as windbreaks. They are especially
suited if, in addition, they retain their lower branches and foliage as
they become older. Trees for this purpose may be placed eight to ten
feet apart. It is often advisable to plant a double row with the trees in
one row opposite the space between the trees in the other row.

Cupressus macrocarpa — ^Monterey Cypress.

Pinus radiata — ^Monterey Pine.

Pinus nigra — Austrian Pine.

Eucalyptus rostrata, viminalis, and polyanthemos.

Populus nigra italiea — ^Lombardy Poplar.

— 32 —

TREES MORE OR LESS ADAPTED TO THE CENTRAL AND
NORTHERN COAST COUNTIES OF CALIFORNIA.

Shade.

Ulmiis americana — ^American Elm.
Sehinus moUe — Pepper Tree.
Arbutus menziesii — Madrone.
Tristania eonferta — Brisbane Box.
Quercus rubra — Red Oak.
Liquidambar styraciflua — Sweet Gum.
Celtis australis — Hackberry.
Acer macrophyllum — Big-leaved Maple.
Tilia tomentosa — Silver Linden.

Lawn Specimens.

Maytenus boaria — Mayten.

Corynocarpus laevigatus — New Zealand Laurel.

Cinnamonum camphora — Camphor.

Sterculia diversifolia — Bottle Tree.

Pittosporum undulatum — ^Victorian Box.

Cratasgus — Paul's Double Scarlet Hawthorne.

Betula alba — ^White Birch.

Sequoia sempervirens — Coast Redwood.

Sequoia gigantea — Big Tree.

Street Trees.

Ulmus americana— American Elm.

Celtis australis — Chinese Hackberry.

Tilia tomentosa — Silver Linden.

Liriodendron tulipifera — Tulip Tree.

Prunus caroliniana — Carolina Cherry.

Robinia pseudacaeia decaisneana — Pink-flowering Locust.

Somewhat Drought Besistant.

Sterculia diversifolia — Bottle Tree.
Sehinus moUe — Pepper Tree.
Tristania eonferta — ^Brisbane Box.
Eucalyptus in variety.
Acacia baileyana and cyanophylla.
Pittosporum crassifolium.

— 33 —

TREES MORE ESPECIALLY ADAPTED TO SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA.

Shftde.

Schinus moUe — Pepper Tree.
Tristania conferta — ^Brisbane Box.
Eucalyptus calophylla — White-flowering Gum.
Eucalyptus corynocalyx — Sugar Gum.
Ficus rubiginosa — ^Rubber Tree-
Lawn Specimens.

Araucaria excelsa — Norfolk Island Pine.
Eucalyptus ficifolia — Scarlet Gum.
Maytenus boaria — ^Mayten.
Corynocarpus laevigatus — New Zealand Laurel.
Cinnamonum camphora — Camphor.
Sterculia diversifolia — Bottle Tree.
Pittosporum undulatum — ^Victorian Box.
Pittosporum rhombifolium.
Lagunaria patersonii.

Street Trees.

^ Lyonothamnus floribundus asplenifolius — Catalina Island

Ironwood.
Pittosporum rhombifolium.
Cinnamonum camphora — Camphor.

Somewhat Drought Resistant.

Sterculia diversifolia — Bottle Tree.
Schinus moUe — ^Pepper Tree.
Tristania conferta — ^Brisbane Box.
Eucalyptus in variety.

EVERGREEN SHRUBS ADAPTED TO ALL THE CULTIVATED DISTRICTS

OF CALIFORNIA.

Somewhat Drought Resistant. — In some semi-arid sections of Cali-
fornia, it is necessary to use plants that will grow more or less success-
fully under conditions of severe heat, drought, and neglect. Plants
in this list are especially useful in those situations where no attention
can be given after the plant is once established.

Acacia in variety.

Pittosporum phillyraeoides.

Pittosporum crassifolium.

— 34 —

Photinia arbutif olia — Christinas Berry.

Spartium junceum — Spanish Broom.

Bhamnus califomica — Coffee Berry.

Ceanothus in variety — ^Wild Lilac.

Cytisns in variety — ^Broom.

Ligustrum in variety — ^Privet.

Callistemon in variety — ^Bottlebrush.

Melaleuca in variety — ^Bottlebrush. ^Z

Cistns in variety — ^Bock Bose. "*

Parkinsonia aculeata — Jerusalem Thorn.

Nerium oleander — Common Oleander.

Baphiolepis umbellata.

Carpenteria calif ornica.

Ceratonia siliqua — Carob.

Bvonymus japonica.

Arbutus unedo — Strawberry Tree.

Leptospermum laevigatus — ^Australian Tea.

Elseagnus pungens.

Eomneya coulteri — ^Matilija Poppy.

Metrosideros tomentosa.

Prunus ilicif olia — Islay.

Prunus caroliniana — Carolina Cherry.

Bhus integrifolia — ^Lemonade Berry.

Garrya f remontii — Silk Tassel Bush.

•

Screens and Hedges. — Many shrubs of a compact habit may be used
as hedge plants. There is, however, a fairly well established group of
desirable species that lend themselves more easily to training of this
kind. Those listed below are used extensively for hedges and have been
found to adapt themselves readily to the severe system of trimming and
to produce the dense and compact form desired.

Low edgings or boxings {6 to 18 inches).

Berberis darwinii — ^Darwin's Barberry.

Lonicera nitida — Evergreen Honeysuckle.

Veronica buxif olia.

Myrtus communis var. microphylla — Small-leaved Myrtle.

Evonymus japonica var. microphylla.

Veronica traversii.

Cotoneaster microphylla.

Cistus ladaniferus var. maculatus — Bock Bose.

— 35 —

SmiUl hedges {2 to 6 feet).

Lonicera nitida — Evergreen Honeysuckle.

Berberis darwinii — Darwin's Barberry.

Eugenia apiculata — ^Luma.

Osmanthus aquifolium var. myrtifolius.

Prunus ilicifolia — Islay.

Pittosporum tenuifolium.

Myrtus communis — Common Myrtle.

Escallonia rubra.

Ligustrum sinense — Chinese Privet.

Ligustrum ovalifolium — California Privet.

Choisya temata — ^Mexican Orange.

Pyracantha crenulata — Chinese Evergreen Thorn.

Eteagnus pungens.

Pyracantha angustifolia.

Veronica decussata.

Veronica imperialis.

Veronica elliptica.

Viburnum tinus var. strictum — Erect Laurustinus.

Leptospermum laevigatum — Australian Tea.

Evonymus japonica.

Acacia longifolia.

Acacia armata.

Ceanothos spinosus — Wild Lilac.

High hedges {6 to 12 feet),

Pittosporum tenuifolium.

Pittosporum crassifolium.

Prunus ilicifolia var. integrifolia — Catalina Island Cherry.

Ligustrum ovalifolium — California Privet.

Ligustrum japonicum — Japanese Privet.

Prunus caroliniana — Carolina Cherry.

Escallonia pulverulenta.

Cupressus macrocarpa — Monterey Cypress.

Hakea saligna.

Acacia longifolia.

Acacia melanoxylon — Blackwood Acacia.

Acacia retinodes — (A. floribunda).

Acacia verticillata.

Pyracantha coccinea — Evergreen Thorn.

Spartium junceum — Spanish Broom.

— 36 —

Oround Covers. — There are often banks and slopes where a lawn
would be too expensive to maintain and unless covered with green
foliage would remain unsightly. Other situations, especially under and
between trees and large shrubs, would be materially improved if the
ground surface were covered with woody vines and trailing shrubs. It
will be necessary to prune out the leader or upright stem of many of
these shrubs to encourage their spreading or horizontal growth.

Juniperus chinensis var. procumbens — Prostrate Juniper.

Juniperus sabina var. tamariscifolia — Prostrate Juniper.

Hypericum calycinum — St. John's* Wort.

Hypericum moserianum — St. John 's Wort.

Myrtus communis — Common Myrtle.

Cotoneaster microphylla.

Cotoneaster horizontalis.

Evonymus radicans.

Leptospermum laevigatum — Australian Tea.

Teucrium fruticans — Germander.

Cistus ladaniferus var. maculatus — Rock Rase.

Evonymus japonica var. viridi-variegata-pDuc d'Anjou.

Ornamental Fruits and Berries. — The berried and fruit-bearing
ornamental trees and shrubs form one of the most interesting classes of
decorative plants. Not only do they produce a flower display through-
out the spring and summer months but also add flashes of color for long
periods in the fall and winter by their clusters of bright berries or
fruits. Only those kinds bearing persistent fruit and of a color con-
trasting well with green foliage are acceptable in California.

Berried Effects.

Pyracantha coccinea — Evergreen Thorn.

Pyracantha crenulata — Chinese Evergreen Thorn.

Pyracantha angustifolia.

Cotoneaster franchetii.

Cotoneaster horizontalis.

Cotoneaster pannosa.

Cotoneaster acuminata.

Cotoneaster microphylla.

Cotoneaster frigida.

Photinia arbutifolia — Christmas Berry.

Berberis darwinii — ^Darwin's Barberry.

Arbutus menziesii — Madrone.

Rhamnus calif omica — Coffee Berry.

Nandina domestica — Sacred Bamboo.

— 37 —

Fruit Effects.

Arbutus unedo — Strawberry Tree.
Aucuba japoniea.
Eriobotrya japoniea — ^Loquat.
Feijoa sellowiana — ^Pineapple Guava.

Choice and Free-Flowering but Requiring Some Irrigation. — Many
species of ornamental shrubs are particularly free-flowering in Cali-
fornia, while others possess several flowering periods throughout the
year. Because of their tendency to bloom in the fall and winter sea-
sons, they are especially useful in the more intensively developed
gardens where all-the-year-round effects are desired. It must be under-
stood that in order to obtain the maximum flower effect from the plants
in this list, they must receive a fair amount of pruning, irrigation, and
cultivation, especially during the summer months, to prepare them for
the fall and winter bloom.

Choisya ternata — Mexican Orange.

Veronica in variety.

Polygala dalmaisiana.

Berberis darwinii — Darwin's Barberry.

Escallonia rubra.

Escallonia rosea.

Spartium junceum — Spanish Broom.

Abelia grandiflora.

Cistus ladaniferus var. maculatus — Rock Rose.

Escallonia pulverulenta.

Cytisus racemosus — Genista.

Coronilla glauca — Crown Vetch.

Erica mediterranea — ^Mediterranean Heath.

Erica melanthera — Cape Heath.

Jasminum humile — Italian Yellow Jasmine.

ADDITIONAL EVERGREEN SHRUBS MORE ESPECIALLY ADAPTED TO
THE CENTRAL AND NORTHERN COAST COUNTIES

OF CALIFORNIA.

Somewhat Drought Besistant.
Hakea in variety.
Albizzia lophantha.
Myoporum laetum.
Cassia tomentosa.
Cassia artemisioides.
Buddleia in variety.
Coronilla glauca — Crown Vetch.
Dodonaea cuneata.
Dodonaea viscosa.
Malvaviscus mollis — Turk's Cap.

— 38 —

Screens and Hedges.

Low edgings or boxings (6 to 18 inches),

Buxus sempervirens var. suffruticosa — Dwarf Box.

Eugenia myrtifolia.

Myrtus ugni — Chilian Guava.

Veronica camea.

Erica mediterranea — Mediterranean Heath* *

Diosma ericoides — Breath of Heaven. '

Small hedges {2 to 6 feet),

Eugenia myrtifolia.

Buxus sempervirens — Common Box.

Taxus baccata — English Yew.

Pittosporum eugenioides.

Grevillea thelemanniana.

Erica in variety — Heath.

Pimelea ferruginea.

High hedges {6 to 12 feet).

Pittosporum undulatum — Victorian Box.

Pittosporum eugenioides. ^

Hakea suaveolens.

Oronnd Covers.

Jasminum primulinum.

SoUya heterophylla — Australian Bluebell Creeper.

Tr achelospermum j asminoides — ( Ry nchospermum ) .

Clianthus puniceus — Parrot's Bill.

Coprosma baueri — ^New Zealand Looking-glass Plant.

Fuchsia magellanica.

Coronilla glauca — Crown Vetch.

Melaleuca decussata — Bottlebrush.

Lantana sellowiana — Trailing Lantana.

Jasminum humile — Italian Yellow Jasmine. ^

Ornamental Fruits and Berries.

Myrtus ugni — Chilian Guava.

Ilex aquifolium — English Holly.

Cestrum elegans — (Habrothamnus).

Cestrum aurantiacum.

Eugenia myrtifolia.

Cornus capitata — Evergreen Dogwood.

— 39 —

Choice and Free-Flowering but Oenerally Requiring Some Irrigakion.

Cestnim elegans (Habrothamims).

Cestrum aurantiacum.

Grevillea thelemanniana.

Fuchsia in variety.

SoUya heterophylla — Australian Bluebell Creeper.

Strep tosolen jamesonii — ^Yellow Heliotrope.

Pimelea f erruginea.

Bouvardia humboldtii.

lochroma in variety.

Malvaviseus mollis — Turk's Cap.

Tibouehina splendens — (Pleroma).

Plumbago capensis.

Trachelospermum jasminoides — (Rynchospermum) .

Cassia tomentosa.

ADDITIONAL EVERGREEN 8HRUB8 MORE ESPECIALLY ADAPTED TO

SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA.

Somewhat Drought Resistant.

Hakea in variety.

Albizzia lopantha.

Myoporum Isetum.

Cassia tomentosa.

Cassia artemisioides.

Buddleia in variety.

Coronilla glauca — Crown Vetch. .

Dodonsea cuneata.

Dodoncea viscosa.

Malvaviseus mollis — Turk's Cap.

Echium in variety.

Screens and Hedges.

Low edgings or boxings {6 to 18 i))chcs),
Eugenia myrtifolia.
Diosma ericoides — Breath of Heaven.
Jacobinia pauciflora (Libonia).

Small hedges (2 to 6 feet),
Eugenia myrtifolia.
Pittosporum eugenioides.
Atriplex breweri — Salt Bush.
Grevillea thelemanniana.
Aberia caffra — ^Kei-apple.
Psidium cattleianum — Strawberry Quava.
Lantana — dwarf hybrids.

— 38 —

Screens and Hedges.

Low edgings or boxings (6 to 18 inches),

Buxus sempervirens var. suffruticosa — Dwarf Box.

Eugenia myrtifolia.

Myrtus ugni — Chilian Guava.

Veronica camea.

Erica mediterranea — Mediterranean Heath*

Diosma ericoides — Breath of Heaven.

Small hedges {2 to 6 feet).

Eugenia myrtifolia.

Buxus sempervirens — Common Box.

Taxus baccata — English Yew.

Pittosporum eugenioides.

Grevillea thelemanniana.

Erica in variety — Heath.

Pimelea ferruginea.

High hedges (6 to 12 feet).

Pittosporum undulatum — Victorian Box.
Pittosporum eugenioides.
Hakea suaveolens.

Oround Covers.

Jasminum primulinum.

SoUya heterophylla — Australian Bluebell Creeper.

Trachelospermum jasminoides — (Rynchospermum) .

Clianthus puniceus — Parrot's Bill.

Coprosma baueri — ^New Zealand Looking-glass Plant.

Fuchsia magellanica.

Coronilla glauca — Crown Vetch.

Melaleuca decussata — Bottlebrush.

Lantana sellowiana — Trailing Lantana.

Jasminum humile — Italian Yellow Jasmine.

Ornamental Fruits and Berries.

Myrtus ugni — Chilian Guava.

Ilex aquifolium — English Holly.

Cestrum elegans — (Habrothamnus).

Cestrum aurantiacum.

Eugenia myrtifolia.

Cornus capitata — Evergreen Dogwood.

— 39 —

Ohoke and Free-Flowering but Oenerally Requiring Some Irrigation.

Oestrum elegans (Habrothammis).
Cestrum aurantiacum.
Grevillea thelemanniana.
Fuchsia in variety.

Sollya heterophylla — Australian Bluebell Creeper.
L Streptosolen jamesonii — ^Yellow Heliotrope.

Pimelea f erruginea.
Bouvardia humboldtii.
locbroma in variety.
Malvaviscus mollis — Turk's Cap.
Tibouchina splendens — (Pleroma) .
Plumbago capensis.

Traehelospermum jasminoides — (Rynchospermum) .
Cassia tomentosa.

ADDITIONAL EVERGREEN SHRUBS MORE ESPECIALLY ADAPTED TO

SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA.

Somewhat Drought Resistant.

Hakea in variety.

Albizzia lopantha.

Myoporum laetum.

Cassia tomentosa.

Cassia artemisioides.

Buddleia in variety.

Coronilla glauca — Crown Vetch.

Dodonaea cuneata.

Dodoncea viscosa.

Malvaviscus mollis — Turk 's Cap.

Echium in variety.

Screens and Hedges.

Low edgings or boxings (6 to 18 inches).
Eugenia myrtifolia.
Diosma ericoides — Breath of Heaven.
Jacobinia pauciflora (Libonia).

Small hedges {2 to 6 feet),
Eugenia myrtifolia.
Pittosporum eugenioides.
Atriplex breweri — Salt Bush.
Grevillea thelemanniana.
Aberia caffra — ^Kei-apple.
Psidium cattleianum — Strawberry Quava.
Lantana — dwarf hybrids.

— 40 —

High hedges (6 to 12 feet),

Pittosporum eugenioides.

Pittosporum undulatum — ^Victorian Box.

Hakea suaveolens.

Oround Covers.

Jasminum primulinum.

Sollya heterophylla — Australian Bluebell Creeper. |

Philadelphus mexieanus — Evergreen Syringa.

Cuphea ignea — Cigar Plant.

Streptosolen jamesonii — Yellow Heliotrope.

Plumbago capensis.

Coprosma baueri — Looking-glass Plant.

Fuchsia magellaniea. i

Teeoma capensis.

Reinwardtia trigyna — (Linum Flavum) Yellow Flax.

Coronilla glauca — Crown Vetch.

Melaleuca decussata — Bottlebrush.

Lantana sellowiana — Trailing Lantana.

Lantana camara — Common Lantana.

Buddleia madagascariensis. 4

Solanum rantonnetii.

Ornamental Fruits and Berries.

Duranta plumieri — Golden Dewdrop.
Cestrum elegans — (Habrothamnus).
Cestrum aurantiacum.
Pittosporum rhombifolium.
• Pittosporum viridiflorum.
Eugenia myrtif olia.
Cornus capitata — Evergreen Dogwood.
Psidium in variety — Guava.

Choice and Free-Flowering but Requiring Some Irrigation.

Cestrum elegans (Habrothamnus).

Cestrum aurantiacum.

Grevillea thelemanniana.

Lantana in variety.

Fuchsia in variety.

Sollya heterophylla— Australian Bluebell Creeper.

Streptosolen jamesonii — ^Yellow Heliotrope.

Genista monosperma— White Broom.

Statice in variety.

Reinwardtia trigyna — (Linum Flavum). Yellow Flax.

— 41 —

lochroma in variety.

Jacobinia pauciflora — (Libonia).

Duranta plumieri — Golden Dewdrop.

Cassia artemisioides.

Cuphea in variety.

Philadelphus mexicanus — Evergreen Syringa.

Tibouchina splendens — (Pleroma).

Plumbago capensis.

Cassia tomentosa.

Hibiscus in variety.

Tecoma capensis.

Tecoma smithii.

DECIDUOUS SHRUBS FOR CALIFORNIA,

Somewhat Drought Resistant.

Tamarix in variety — Tamarisk.
Chaenomeles japoniea — Japanese Quince.
Punica granatum — Pomegranate.
Evonymus europaea — Spindle Tree.
Bhus cotinus — Smoke Tree.

Ornamental Fruits and Berries.

Berries.

Elseagnus multiflora — Gumi.
Symphoricarpos albus— Snowberry.
Symphoricarpos vulgaris — Indian Currant.
Crataegus cordata — ^Washington Thorn.
Berberis vulgaris — Common Barberry.
Sambucus racemosa — Elderberry.

Fruits.

Evonymus europaea — Spindle Tree.
Bibes speciosum — Fuchsia-flowered Gooseberry.
Punica granatum — Pomegranate.
Diospyros kaki — Japanese Persimmon.

Free Blooming — Especially Desirable for Early Spring Flower Effects.

ChaBuomeles japoniea — Japanese Quince.

Deutzia in variety.

Diervilla Eva Rathke (Weigela).

Diervilla Van Houttei.

Exochorda grandiflora — Pearl Bush.

Hibiscus syriacus — Bose of Sharon.

— 42 —

Kerria japonica — Japanese Rose.

Lagerstroemia indiea — Crape Myrtle.

Lonieera tatarica — Tartarian Honeysuckle.

Magnolia liliflora — Deciduous Magnolia.

Magnolia soulangeana.

Magnolia stellata.

Paeonia suflfruticosa (P. moutan) — Tree Peony.

Philadelphus in variety — ^Mock Orange.

Prunus japonica — Dwarf Flowering Almond.

Prunus mume — Flowering Apricot.

Prunus serrulata — Japanese Flowering Cherry.

Prunus persica — Flowering Peach.

Pyrus floribunda — Japanese Flowering Apple.

Pyrus spectablis — Chinese Flowering Apple.

Punica granatum nana — Dwarf Pomegranate.

Ribes aureum — ^Yellow Flowering Currant.

Ribes sanguineum — ^Red Flowering Currant.

Spiraea cantoniensis — Bridal Wreath.

SprirsBa prunifolia.

Spiraea thunbergii.

Spiraea van houttei.

Syringa — ^Lilac.

S. vulgaris alba — Common White Lilac.

S. vulgaris purpurea — Common Purple Lilac.

Grafted varieties.
Tamarix hispida aestivalis — Summer Flowering Tamarisk.
Tamarix parviflora — Spring Flowering Tamarisk.
Viburnum opulus sterile — Common Snowball.
Viburnum tomentosum plicatum — Japanese Snowball.

VINES MORE OR LESS ADAPTED TO ALL OF THE CULTIVATED

DISTRICTS OF CALIFORNIA.

Vines for Brick, Stone or Plaster Surfaces. — Because of their vari-
ous ways of clinging to rough surfaces, these vines require no support.
They should not be grown on wood or surfaces which are to be painted.
Bignonia Unguis-cati (B. tweediana).
D Boston Ivy — Parthenocissus tricuspidata (Syn. Ampelopsis).

Creeping Fig — Ficus pumila — ^A little tender.
D Chinese Trumpet Creeper — Campsis chinensis (Syn. Tecoma
grandiflora).
Creeping Fig, Small-leaved — Ficus pumila var. minima — ^A
little tender.

D Deciduous.

— 43 —

D Cross Vine — ^Bignonia capreolata.

English Ivy — Hedera helix.

Evonymus radicans.
D Trumpet Creeper — Campsis radicans (Syn. Tecoma radicans).
D Virginia Creeper — Parthenocissus quinquefolia (Syn. Ampe-
lopsis).

Vines for School Buildings. — ^Vines are most ornamental when they
merely decorate or partially screen the outside surface of buildings.
Their chief purpose is to soften hard architectural lines of walls, cor-
ners and window frames. They should be strongly supported by wire,
wire netting, or some form of trellis, and should never be allowed to
produce thick unsightly masses of stems and leaves near the top of the
support. Systematic thinning, by removing old wood, and proper
training are necessary if the vine is not to become a nuisance.

Asparagus plumosus.

Australian Pea Vine — Dolichos lignosus.

Bignonia Unguis-cati (B. tweediana).
D Boston Ivy — Parthenocissus tricuspidata (Syn. Ampelopsis).

Creeping Fig — Ficus pumila.

Creeping Fig, Small-leaved — Ficus pumila var. minima.
D Dutchman 's Pipe — Aristolochia macrophylla.

Evonymus radicans.

Hall's Honeysuckle — ^Lonicera japonica var. Halliana.

English Ivy — Hedera helix.

Jessamine — Jasminum officinale.

Lonicera japonica var. chinensis.

Maiden-hair Vine — ^Muehlenbeckia complexa.

Potato Vine — Solanum jasminoides.

Roses.
D Virginia Creeper — Parthenocissus quinquefolia (Syn. Ampe-
lopsis).
D Wistaria, Japanese — ^Wistaria multijuga.
D Wistaria, White Japanese — Wistaria multijuga alba.

Vines for Fences. — Many vines, somewhat resistant to neglect and
producing dense foliage near the ground, may be successfully employed
on fences of wood or wire netting to form a hedge-like growth. Such
vines should not produce heavy bunchy growths which would necessitate
considerable pruning and attention.
Akebia quinata.

Bignonia Unguis-eati (B. tweediana).
D Chilean Jasmine — Mandevilla suaveolens.
D Clematis montana.

V Deciduous.

— 44 —

D Clematis paniculata.

D Cross Vine — Bignonia capreolata.

Creeping Fig — Ficiis pumila.

Creeping Fig, Small-leaved — ^Ficus pumila var. minima.
D Dutchman's Pipe — Aristolochia maerophylla.

English Ivy — Hedera helix.

Evonymus radicans.

German Ivy — Senecio mikanioides.
D Grapes, California Wild.

Hop, Common — Humulus lupulus.

Hop, Japanese — Humulus japonieus, annual.

Jessamine — Jasminum officinale.

Jasminum primulinum.
D Kudzu Vine — Pueraria hirsuta (thuhbergiana).

Maiden-hair Vine — ^Muehlenbeckia complexa.

Nasturtium — Tropoelum majus, annual.

Parrot's Bill — Clianthus puniceus.

Passion Vine — Passiflora caerulea.
D Perennial Pea — Lathyrus latifolius.

Plumbago capensis.

Pride of California — ^Lathyrus splendens.

Scarlet Runner Bean — Phaseolus multiflorus, annual.

Star Jasmine — Trachylospermum jasminoides.

Sweet Pea — ^Lathyrus odorata, annual.

Trailing Lantana — Lantana sellowiana.
D Virginia Creeper — Parthenocissus quinquefolia (Syn. Ampe-

lopsis).
D Wild Cucumber — Echinocystus lobata.

Vines for Porches, Pergolas and Arbors. — Certain tall growing vines
are best exhibited by providing support some distance above the ground.
Those of medium growth, effective flowers, and isomewhat pendant
foliage are most suitable. Such vines should be trained around the
posts or pillars of the pergola and not be allowed to cover the archi-
tectural outlines too densely.
Akebia quinata.

Australian Pea Vine — Dolichos lignosus.
Balsam Apple — ^Momordica balsamina, annual.
D Cross Vine — ^Bignonia capreolata.
D Chilean Jasmine — ^Mandevilla suaveolens.
D Clematis montana.
D Clematis paniculata.

D Dutchman's Pipe — Aristolochia maerophylla.
English Ivy — Hedera helix.

D Deciduous.

— 45 —

D Grapes (Vitis).

Common Wild Qrape.
Pierce, dark foliage, black grapes.
Rose Sultaniana, light foliage, pink grapes.
Golden Queen, dark green foliage, white grapes.
Hall's Honeysuckle — ^Lonicera japonica var. Halliana.
Jessamine — Jasminum ofScinale.
Lonicera japonica var. chinensis.
Maiden-hair Vine — Muehlenbeckia complexa.
Passion Vine — ^Passiflora caerulea.
Potato Vine — Solanum jasminoides.
Roses.

Scarlet Runner Bean — Phaseolus multiflorus, annual.
D Virginia Creeper— Parthenocissus quinquefolia (Syn. Ampe-

lopsis) .
D Wistaria, Japanese — ^Wistaria multijuga.
D Wistaria, White Japanese — ^Wistaria multijuga alba.

Vines for Screening Purposes. — It is often desirable to erect a more
or less dense screen between various landscape features or to hide the
unsightly walls of outbuildings. A trellis fence or support of wood
or wire upon which can be grown twining vines with a dense compact
habit is most satisfactory.

Akebia quinata.

Balsam Apple — Momordica bakamina, annual.
D Cross Vine — Bignonia capreolata.
D Dutchman's Pipe — Aristolochia macrophylla.

English Ivy — Hedera helix.

Evonymus radicans.

German Ivy — Senecio mikanioides.
D Grapes.

Hall's Honeysuckle — ^Lonicera japonica var. Halliana.
D Hop, Common — Humulus lupulus.

Jasminum primulinum.

Jessamine — Jasminum oflBcinale.

Lonicera japonica var. chinensis.

Madeira Vine — Boussingaultia baselloides.

Maiden-hair Vine — Muehlenbeckia complexa.

Nasturtium — Tropaeolum majus, annual.

Passion Vine — Passiflora caerulea.
D Polygonum baldschuanicum.

Potato Vine — Solanum jasminoides.

Star Jasmine — Trachylospermum jasminoides.

Trailing Lantana — ^Lantana sellowiana.
D Wild Cucumber — lEchinocystis lobata.

D Deciduous.

— 46 —

ADDITIONAL LIST OF VINES ESPECIALLY ADAPTED TO THE COAST

COUNTIES AND SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA.

Vines for Stone, Brick or Cement.

D Climbing Snowball — ^Decumaria barbara.

• Clytostoma purpureum (Syn. Bignonia purpurea).
Phaedranthus buccinatorius (Bignonia cherere; B. buccina-

toria). '

Vines for Buildings.

Catalonian Jasmine — Jasminum grandiflorum.
Clytostoma eallistegioides — (Bignonia speciosa).

* Clytostoma purpureum (Syn. Bignonia purpurea).
Evergreen Ampelopsis— Cissus striata.
Evergreen Grape — ^Vitis capensis.

Evergreen Trumpet Creeper — ^Phaedranthus buccinatorius

(Syn. Bignonia cherere or B. buccinatoria).
Hardenbergia Comptoniana (Syn. Kennydia comptoniana) .
Hedera helix var. chrysocarpa.
Jasminum azoricum.

Jasminum rigidum (Syn. J. ligustrifolium).
Jasminum simplicifolium.
Pandorea jasminoides (Tecoma jasminoides) .
Pyrostegia venusta — (Bignonia venusta).

• Stauntonia hexaphylla.

• Vitis antarctica (Syn. V. baudiniana).

* Vitis hypoglauca — (Cissus hypoglauca).
Vitis rhombifolia (Syn. Cissus rhombifolia).

Vines for Fences.

Australian Bluebell Creeper — Sollya heterophylla.

• Balloon Vine — Cardiospermum hirsutum.
Cup and Saucer Vine — Cobaea scandens.
Evergreen Ampelopsis — Cissus striata (Vitis striata).
Evergreen Mock Orange — Philadelphus mexicanus.
Evergreen Trumpet Creeper — Phaedranthus buccinatorius

(Syn. Bignonia cherere or B. buccinatoria).
Hardenbergia Comptoniana.
Jasminum gracillimum.

* Kennedya rubicunda.
Lantana camara.

Lily of the Valley Vine — Salpichroa rhomboidea.

* Lonicera confusa.

D Deciduous.

♦ Southern California.

— 47 —

Pandorea australis — (Tecoma australia).
Pandorea jasminoides — (Tecoma jasminoides).

• Passiflora edulis.
Passifiora mollussima.

• Passiflora racemosa (princeps).
Pithecoctineum muricatum.

• Queen of Sheba — (Pandorea Brycei).

• Bh3nichosia minima.
Streptosolen jamesonii.
Swainsona galegifolia.
Yitis eapensis.

• Vitis hypoglauca.

Vines for Porches, Pergolas and Arbors.

• Bougainvillea glabra var. Sanderiana.

• Clytostoma purpureum (Syn. Bignonia purpurea).

• Dioclea glyeinoides.

Evergreen Ampelopsis — Cissus striata.
Evergreen Wistaria — ^Milletia megasperma.
Jasminum azorieum.
Jasminum rigidum (Syn. ligustrif olium) .

• Jasminum nitidum.

• Lonicera eonfusa.

Pandorea australis — (Tecoma australis).

• Pandorea Brycei (Tecoma, Queen of Sheba).
Pandorea Jasminoides — (Tecoma jasminoides).
Passifilora manicata.

PhsBdranthus buccinatorius (Bignonia cherere or B. buccina-

toria).
Pithecoctineum muricatum.
Pyrostegia venusta — (Bignonia venusta).

• Solanum wendlandii.

• Stigmaphyllon ciliatum.

• Stigmaphyllon littorale.
Tecoma capensis.

Vines for Screening.

Australian Bluebell Creeper — SoUya heterophylla.

Clytostoma callistegioides — Bignonia speciosa.

Cup and Saucer Vine — Cobaea scandens.

Dioclea glyeinoides.

Evergreen Ampelopsis — Cissus striata (Syn. Vitis striata).

Evergreen Mock Orange — ^Philadelphus mexicanus.

• Southern California.

— 48 —

Jasminum azoricum.

• Kennedya rubicunda.

• Lonicera confusa.

Pandorea australis — (Tecoma australis).
Passiflora manicata — (Tacsonia manicata).
Pithecoctineum muricatum.

• Bhynchosia minima.

• Vitis antarctica.
Vitis capensis.
Vitis rhombifolia.

PERENNIAL HERBS.

This is not intended to be a complete list of the herbs of California
but is suggestive merely. The botanical names are added as a means
of obtaining further information from encyclopedias or other reference
books.

Anchusa italica var. Dropmore.

Baby breath — Gypsophila paniculata.

Balloon Flower — Platycodon grandiflorum.

Begonias.

Bidens ferulaefolia.

Bleeding Heart — Dicentra spectabilis.

Blue Marguerite — Felicia amelloides.

Butterfly Weed — Asclepias tuberosa.

Candytuft — Iberis sempervirens.

California Fuchsia — Zauschneria californica.

Campanulas in variety.

Cardinal Flower — ^Lobelia cardinalis.

Centaurea babylonica.

Chaenostoma hispidum.

Chrysanthemum coccineum (Syn. Pyrethrum roseum).

Columbines — ^Aquilegias.

Common Thyme — Thymus vulgaris.

Coral Bells — Heuchera sanguinea.

Coreopsis lanceolata.

Coreopsis maritima (Syn. Leptosyne maritima).

Daisy, English — ^Bellis perennis.

Evening Primrose — Oenothera californica.

False Alum Root — Heuchera micrantha.

False Dragonhead — Physostegia virginiana.

Flax — ^Linum monogynum.

Forget-Me Not — Myosotis, not suited to some parts of southern
California.

• Southern California.

— 49 —

Four o'clock — Mirabilis jalapa.
Fringe Cups — Tellima grandiflora.
Gaura Lindheimeri.
Gazania splendens.
Geum coccineum, Mrs. Bradshaw.
Golden Glow — Rudbeckia laeiniata.
Golden Rod — Solidago.
Golden-tuft — ^Alyssum saxatile.
' Hardy Gloxinia — Incarvillea Delavayi.
Helichrysum petiolatum (Syn. Gnaphalium lanatum).
Honeybells — Mahernia verticillata.
Iris.

Japanese Wind Flower — Anemone japoniea.
Leopard Plant — Senecio Kaempferi var. aureo-maeulatus.
London Pride — Saxif raga umbrosa.
Madagascar Periwinkle — Vinca rosea.
Maltese Cross — Lychnis chalcedonica.
Marguerite — Chrysanthemum frutescens.
Mexican Daisy — Erigeron mucronatus.
Mosquito Flower — Lopezia albiflora.
Moss Pink — ^Phlox subulata.
Mouse Ear — Cerastium tomentosum.
Nierembei^ia gracilis. ,
Othonna crassifolia (Syn. 0. capensis).
Paeony — Pseonia.
Pentstemon gloxinioides.
Perennial Flax — ^Linum perenne.
Perennial Phlox — Phlox paniculata.
Pheasant's Eye Pink — Dianthus plumarius.
Poppy, Hunnemann's — Hunnemannia fumariaefolia.
Poppy, Iceland — Papaver nudicaule.
Poppy, Oriental — Papaver orientale.
Primrose — Primula.

Purple Rock Cress — Aubretia deltoidea var. graeca.
Redwood Ivy — ^Vancouveria hexandra.
Redwood Sorrel — Oxalis oregana.
Rehmannia angulata.
Rudbeckia speciosa.

Salvia azurea var. grandiflora (Syn. S. pitcheri).
Salvia leucantha.
Salvia patens.

Salvia splendens — Scarlet Sage.
Saxifrage — Saxifraga crassifolia.

- 50 —

Scabiosa caucasica.

Sea Pink — Armeria vulgaris.

Shasta Daisy — Chrysanthemum.

Shrubby Calceolaria — Calceolaria integrifolia (Syn.C.rugosa).

Snapdragon — ^Antirrhinum majus.

Snow-on-the-Mountain — Arabis alpina.

Sunflower — Helianthus.

Sun Rose — Helianthemum chamaecistus mutabile.

Stock (Matthiola).

Stokes ' Aster — Stokesia cyanea.

Strawberry Geranium; Old Man's Beard — Saxifraga sar-

mentosa.
Sweet William — Dianthus barbatus.
Sweet Woodruff — Asperula odorata.
Tall Cup-Flower — Nierembergia frutescens.
Touch-Me-Not — Impatiens sultani.
Transvaal Daisy — Gerbera jamesonii.
Valerian — Centranthus ruber.
Verbena hybrida.
Violet — ^Viola odorata.
Wallflower — Cheiranthus cheiri, not suited to some parts of

southern California.
Wandering Jew — Tradeseantia Virginiana.
White-Cup — Nierembergia rivularis.
Wild Buckwheat — Eriogonum f asciculatum.
Woolly Woundwort — Stachys lanata.
Yellow Globe Flower — TroUius europaeus.

ANNUALS, OR TREATED AS SUCH.

While it is not advisable to use annuals only in our gardens because
of their transitory nature, still they are very useful to produce quick
temporary effects, to fill empty spaces in the perennial border, to use at
the feet of bulbs that have finished blooming, or to sow in vacant lots.

African Orange Daisy — Dimorphotheca aurantiaca.

Ageratum mexicanum.

Anchusa capensis, biennial.

Annual Baby Breath — Gypsophila elegans.

Annual Larkspur — Delphinium consolida.

Annual Phlox — Phlox Drumraondii.

Arctotis breviscapa.

Aretotis grandis.

Baby Blue-Eye — Nemophila menziesii (Syn. N. insignis).

Balsani — Impatiens balsomina.

— 51 —

Bird's-eyes — Gilia tricolor.

Blazing Star — ^Mentzelia lindleyi.

Browallia grandiflora — (B. rbezlii).

Browallia speeiosa major.

California Fuchsia — ^Zauschneria califomica.

California Poppy — Eschscholtzia californica, sometimes

perennial.
California Wild Flowers.

Canterbury Bells — Campanula medium, biennial.
Chinese Lantern Plant — ^Physalis Franchetii, said to be

annual, biennial or perennial.
Chrysanthemum, annual.

Morning Star.

Evening Star.
Chrysanthemum tricolor.
Clarkia elegans.
Clarkia pulchella.
Cockscomb — Celosia.
Collinsia bicolor.

Coreopsis Stillmani (Syn. Leptosyne Stillmani).
Coreopsis tinctoria (Sjm. Calliopsis). Use Coreopsis coronata

instead of this in southern California. .
Cornflower — Centaurea cyanus.
Cosmos.

Cream Cups — Platystemon califomicus.
Eucharidium Breweri.

Everlasting Flowers — Helichrysum bracteatum.
Farewell to Spring — Godetia grandiflora.
Forget-Me-Not — ^Myosotis.
Gaillardia pulchella var. picta.
Garden Pink — Dianthus chinensis var. Heddewigii.
Gilias.

Glaucium hybrida, so called.
Globe Amaranth — Gomphrena globosa.
Helipterum Manglesii (Syn. Rhodanthe).
Hollyhock, both annual and perennial.
Honesty — Lunaria annua.
Indian Paint Brush — Castilleja californica.
Linaria maroccana.
Lobelia compacta.
Lobelia gracilis.
Lobelia tenuior.

Love-in-a-Mist — Nigella damascena.
Lupine, Dwarf Blue — ^Lupinus affinis.