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ZOOLOGICAL SERIES Aug “ial 2 (904 Vor. IV, Baek. |
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OTHE:
LAND AND SEA MAMMALS
OF
MIDDLE AMERICA AND THE
WEST INDIES ,
i
BY
DanieL Grraup Extiot, F.R.S.E., Etc.
ree
Curator of Department
yA peAGgG, UisS. cA.
AL a5 1904
ae
PUBLICATION
OF THE
FIELD COLUMBIAN MUSEUM
ZOOLOGICAL, SERIES
Von UV. “Parr I.
Curtcaco, U.S. A.
1904
All rights reserved
7/2
L&Yb
vi /
Mamr ) THE
f
“LAND AND SEA MAMMALS
OF
ODER wa MERICA AND THE
Maco [NDIES iy
BY
DAniEL Greaup, ExnrorT, FROSJE., Errc:
Hl
Curator of Department.
ZOOUOGICAL, SERIES
ViGianlV. 4 Para i:
JUL 25 HU §
LIGRARIES_~&
Carcneeent) «S.A:
1904
2bVe
a) Se |
he,
DEE AGE.
In my previous volume, the ‘“‘Synopsis of the Mammals of North
America and the Adjacent Seas,’’ the field covered was from the
northern boundary of Mexico to and including the Arctic Ocean.
The present work is supposed to contain all the Mammals of the ~
remaining portion of the North American continent and the con-
tiguous seas, from the northern boundary of Mexico to the Province
of Cauca, South America, including the coast islands, as well as those
of the Bahamas and the West Indies whose fauna is not completely
related to that of South America. In the general treatment of the
named forms the method adopted in the previous work has been
slightly elaborated, and brief statements of the habits of the animals
contained in the various families, and sometimes in the genera, have
been given, together with the English name for each species or race,
and keys for genera, subgenera, species, and races whenever these
were sufficiently numerous to make such analytical tables desirable.
For a very large number of the species and races it is well understood
that no English names exist, and these had to be manufactured for the
occasion, and are practically of little assistance for the recognition
of the different animals; but Latin names appear to be distasteful to
a small number of the laity, and only those in the vernacular are
satisfactory, and it is to aid these that this departure from the pre-
vious plan has been made. Numerous named species of many genera
‘of Mammals have so close a resemblance to each other, both in their
outward covering and cranial characters, that often it is very difficult
to distinguish one from the other, and for them Keys are probably
less satisfactory as a means of determining the various forms than for
any other class of animals; but it seems that there is a desire for such
aids, which to many have become necessary, and therefore an effort
has been made to meet this need, which it is hoped will serve the pur-
pose intended. The illustrations throughout the volume comprise
not only various representations of the cranium of some selected
species of nearly every genus and subgenus, as in the ‘‘Synopsis,’”’ but
in addition a figure is given of some species either of a family or
genus, or possibly both, as the peculiarities of the animals seemed
to require for a better comprehension of their appearance in life. To
those unfamiliar with the diversified forms of the many mammals
dwelling within the limits embraced in this volume, these figures
may be of assistance, and enable them more easily to recognize the
animals whose descriptions are given in the text.
Vv
vi PREFACE.
’
The remarks made in the Preface of the ‘‘Synopsis,’’ upon the
excessive and probably unwarranted multiplications of species and
races (made easy by the too liberal application of the trinominal
system), may be repeated here with equal force as regards the mam-
malhan fauna of Middle America and the various islands.
In the examination of the many specimens rendered necessary
during the progress of the present work, the author has been im-
pressed by the fact that the ‘‘characters”’ of a very large number of
the named forms are merely comparative and not distinctive. By
which is meant, characters that in themselves are not sufficient to
identify the specimens, but render necessary the presence of exam-
ples of the typical form before any determination is possible, unless
the locality is deemed all-sufficient to fix the status. The possession
of topotypes of described forms for the majority of naturalists is
impracticable except to a very limited degree, and therefore, without
such aids, to accurately name specimens is, in many instances, quite
impossible (for even ‘‘locality’”’ is not always to be depended upon),
and the effort often then degenerates into something very like guess-
work. Every Mammalogist must at some time have been confronted
with this difficulty and regretted his inability to determine his exam-
ples; and one naturally questions the value of a system that makes
such a condition possible, and doubts if the giving of names to speci-
mens on minute differences, which magnify slight comparative
characters (for often there are no others, and some of these are
undoubtedly due to individual variation), is scientifically war-
rantable or even desirable. Many specimens have been named whose
cranial characters consist altogether in being ‘“‘longer or shorter,”
“broader or narrower’’ than corresponding parts of some other
example, and it is easily comprehended how slight is the probability
that any specimen can be accurately determined whose characters
are such as those given (the color of the pelage also being nearly the
same), no topotypes of the forms with which these are compared by
their describer being available, and in many instances no measure-
ments of the crania having been given.
It is, of course, not to be conceived that every infinitesimal
difference that an animal may possess can be intelligently demon-
strated, or that the mere bestowal of a name upon a specimen would
make it recognizable; and the act of naming examples that are
separated from their fellows on account of these minute variations
cannot fairly be regarded as an “‘accurate statement of the results of
organic evolution.’ That it is desirable that all differences observed,
the results of any cause whatever, should be mentioned, and in many
instances dwelt upon, would not be disputed by any one, but it may
be
PREFACE, vii
well be questioned if the only wise or proper course to emphasize
these slight variations is to bestow a name upon the specimen pos-
sessing them. Much confusion has been created by the multiplicity
of names that burden our nomenclature, and our difficulties are by
no means brushed away when one is bestowed upon some specimen,
any more than are these difficulties ignored if none is given; for
names are often not only no panacea for scientific woes, but on the
contrary are frequently the cause of much trouble and perplexity.
They are useful for the recognition of specimens possessing indepen-
dent distinctive characters, but if an example has none of these its
appellation is of little assistance. It is the extreme to which the
bestowal of names has been carried that is to be deprecated, not
the announcement of differences observed, however slight, and
against the former custom the Author has always protested, while
advocating the latter.
It is to be expected that countries like Mexico would contain a
large number of animals that differ from each other in a greater or
less degree; for that land probably possesses more varieties of climate
within a certain number of miles square than almost any other known
of an equal extent. The transition from a torrid to a temperate zone,
and again to an alpine, is accomplished in a comparatively brief
journey, and the several environments affect materially in certain
ways the animals influenced by them. So in a small extent of
country a number of forms allied to, but differentiated from each
other would be expected to occur; but whether the extreme length
to which the recognition of these variations has been carried by the
bestowal of names is either wise or necessary, may well be doubted.
The arrangement of the Orders and Families is the same as that
in the ‘‘Synopsis’’; but names have in some instances been changed
since that work was published, those heretofore employed having
been ascertained to be either antedated by others, or previously used
in this or some other branch of Zodlogy. Changes are continually
occurring in Mammalian nomenclature, and it will probably be a
long time before permanence in names is reached, as discoveries are
being made that overturn some that are constantly employed and
have become familiar by long use. But these changes will of neces-
sity become less in time and a nomenclature that at least will approach
stability may, in the distant future, be expected to be reached. By
inserting the names of the described forms in this work the Author
does not indorse their specific or subspecific value, and in all cases
where an opinion is expressed, it will be found in a footnote on the
page containing the form discussed. A critical review of all the
species and races contained in this volume and their relations to
viii PREFACE.
each other would be a very great undertaking and cannot be prop-
erly attempted at this time. Much additional knowledge, and in
many cases a greater amount of material must be acquired before
any considerable success in accurately determining the proper
status of the numerously named forms can be obtained.
The following is the arrangement adopted for the Orders and
Families of the Mammalia comprised in this work, beginning with
the lowest in degree:
VOLUME IV.—PART I.
ORDER I. MARrsuPIALIA—MARSUPIALS.
Fam. 1. Didelphyidee—Opossums.
ORDER II. Eprentata—EDENTATES.
Fam. 1. Bradypodide—Sloths.
Fam. 2. Myrmecophagida—Ant-eaters.
Fam. 3. Dasypodide—Armadillos.
ORDER III. Srrenra—SIReEnIans.
Fam.1. Trichechida—Manatees.
ORDER IV. CETAcCEA—CETACEANS.
Fam. 1. Balaenide—Baleen Whales.
Fam. 2. Physeterida—Sperm Whales.
Fam. 3. Delphinidee—Dolphins, Porpoises, ete.
ORDER V. UncGuLata—Hoorep QUADRUPEDS.
Fam. 1. Tagassuida—Peccaries.
Fam. 2. Cervide—Deer.
Fam. 3. Antilocaprida—Prong-horn Antelopes.
Fam. 4. Bovidae—Cattle, Sheep, etc.
Fam. 5. Tapiride—tTapirs.
ORDER VI. Ropent1A—RoODENTSs.
Fam. 1. Sciuride—Squirrels.
Fam. 2. Castoride—Beavers.
Fam. 3. Murida—Rats, Mice, Voles.
Fam. 4. Geomyide—Pouched Rats.
Fam. 5. Heteromyide—Kangaroo Rats, Pocket Mice.
Fam. 6. Octodontide—The Octodonts.
Fam. 7. Erethizontida—Porcupines.
Fam. 8. Agoutide—Agoutis, Pacas.
Fam. 9. Leporidae—Hares, Rabbits.
VOLUME IV.—PART II.
ORDER VII. CARNIVORA—CARNIVORES.
Fam. 1. Felide—Cats.
Fam. 2. Viverride—Mungoose, Civets, etc.
Fam. 3. Canide—Dogs, Wolves, Foxes.
Fam. 4. Ursida—Bears.
Fam. 5. Procyonide—Raccoons.
Fam. 6. Mustelide—Badgers, Weasels, Otters, etc.
ORDER VIII. PinnNipEpIA—PINNIPEDs.
Fam. 1. Otariide—Sea-lions.
Fam. 2. Phocidwe—Seals.
PREFACE. ix
ORDER IX. INSECTIVORA—INSECTIVORES.
Fam. 1. Soricida—Shrews.
Fam. 2. Talpidz—Moles.
Fam. 3. Solenodontide
ORDER X. CHIROPTERA—Bats.
Fam. 1. Vespertilionida—Common Bats.
Solenodonts.
Fam. 2. Noctilionide—Large-eared Bats.
Fam. 3. Molossidae—Free-tailed Bats.
Fam. 4. Natalida—Funnel-eared Bats.
Fam. 5. Phyllostomatide—Vampire Bats.
ORDER XI. PrimateEs—PRIMATES.
Fam. 1. Callitrichide—Marmosets.
Fam. 2. Cebidae—Prehensile-tailed Monkeys.
The measurements of the species and races, unless otherwise
stated, are given in millimeters, and usually from some selected
specimen, although occasionally an average of several examples is
recorded. But it must always be remembered that the dimensions
of animals, even of adults belonging to the same species, vary
greatly, and there is no hard and fast rule by which the exact size of
any species or race of Mammals can be fixed, and allowance must be
made for this variability when a comparison is instituted between the
measurements given and some specimen in hand. It is really not
easy to find two mammals exactly alike in all their dimensions. This
fact was emphasized in the Preface of the ‘“‘Synopsis,’’ but it seems
necessary to repeat it here.
The illustrations of the Crania exhibit the characteristics of
every genus and subgenus contained in the work, with but few excep-
tions, and the Institution to which each specimen belongs and the
catalogue number is given in every instance. The reason for an
exception in the list is that it was not possible to obtain the cranium
when desired, as no example was procurable from any collection in
this country. These illustrations in half-tone of crania, with the
exception of a few kindly furnished by the Director of the National
Museum, were made from photographs taken by Mr. C. H. Carpenter,
the Head of the Photographic Department of this Institution, and as
faithful representations of the subjects exhibited with often minute
and intricate details they will, it is believed, compare favorably with
any heretofore published. The tooth-rows were photographed by
means of an especial photomicrographic lens which causes the most
minute enamel folds to be clearly visible.
The geographical distribution of many of the species and races
included in this work is very imperfectly known, as a considerable
number have been described only within a comparatively short time,
and consequently but little information has been received regarding
- PREFACE.
them. The extent of the dispersion of each named form has, how-
ever, been given so far as our present knowledge permits.
In the Synopsis and its Supplement 997 species and subspecies
were enumerated, and of these 789 were restricted to the regions
north of the boundary of Mexico, leaving 208 that were found on
both sides of the line. Of genera there were 120 of which only 42
were not represented in Mexico. In the present work the species
and subspecies number 1,018, of which 809 are restricted to Mexico
and the countries and islands embraced in the volume, leaving 209
also to be met with in the United States. The genera number 178,
of which 78 are found north of the line, leaving roo peculiar to the
Southern lands, the major portion of the excess over the northern
genera being found in the Chiroptera. The Land Mammals in the
Synopsis numbered 933, and the Sea Mammals 63; in the present
volume the Land Mammals number 989 and the Sea Mammals 29,
and but two of the latter are not found in northern waters so far
as known, Megaptera n. bellicosa and Prodelphinus longirostris,
although the first named probably does go into the northern portions
of the Gulf of Mexico.
The following table exhibits the genera that are represented on
both sides of the northern boundary of Mexico, with their species and
subspecies, showing the number of those that are restricted to each
region, and also how many are common to both:
Number of Number of Number of
Species and Sub- | Species and Sub- | Species and Sub-
species North of species South of species Common
Mexican Line exican Line to Both Regions
FTG OCA Tee Wiae wierd ota ee 1 aN 1?
Joni 1) Ao) (Ae 6 Sie ae Mere meat ae 2 3 2
SALTO PLEHAe e Wel) su rcaein chee 8 3 3
Bassaniseusheera: = sucemin tote us 4 6 2
Jeqehek als), cists Sines ener eee 7 16 I
CIEL) Lee ne a me cue a 9 11* 3
ASTOR on tees coer ak on art 4 I I
CATCHING: os Areas + 2a ee tates 57 21 Il
(CG fens), v5 a Seen Sa Be I I I
GOnEDAtUSs terinrocielc ee ieeene ke I 8 2
GOryiOrnintIS 5s ers nae 3 2 2
(STIG SEOMUS yale nl kN ASI ieee I 8 I
WY MOMMY Sine agrat cn ne eee 4 4 3
DWaSyDteGUS: .).\.40. cee ae es I 2 I
ND YS oni ah DSR Sow eden ckenrecs ciqcerth crock: I I I
ONGEI DEUS! mo cscvctaeistaceote Cre 4 ) 2
WOTPOCOMUy Shs. hie lisesi eee 14 13 6
SRE UMI COM wheels vocal ss ae 5 I I
NG LIG eS ceo o Pichaitec ares oe CLO aR 19 24 8
SEIT eotorseniny aris seh ets set soca hae SU 8 I I
CHROULYS ie catia is wp ieicrciohe Sie oes 15 I I
Globicennalusi «fects ee ait 3 3 3
PLOtETOMYS 5. i I 35 fe)
MASI US ey neers te icinicts me ere 4 5 3
PREFACE.
Number of
Species and Sub-
species North of
exican Line
Number of
Species and Sub-
species South of
Mexican Line
xi
Number of
Species and Sub-
species Common
to Both Regions
IIL GENTE Sa ae ce hon zeke a ROP noise Rane cine
IGG UST a eee ere aa ene areas st
LAER TEN tock pe tecenenoke auc ee a cee
Weramberaveran tons aye se
INSOMNIA: is. Seetacs Scrule ai nib oa Nokaipkoee
IMIGROGUS Ie ciate seodiee.. (rare er |
INibiRovGnaNeray pap alae ei Blaine Ao dese
WKOWria gO POSE GAY 5 Ws ndcowlano our eraaoye
INALTGUES Gans cons iceper Mig ete ei
INE OLOMmake toe te tates aon ae
INOtOSOneKars secede: Gleam
ISTCL AVES OS ae ae eee
DN eG S a a).08 he os Wee eis es
INDE GIMONNOPS Ai. cto enw woo 8 aes
@GdontoeceltSa she a
MOMUVOIOLINVS opie diet oi Sa 6
OnGINUSter een ee ls se cat
ROME MIN Sis © ein nese in wis les ote
WPOMLSRUSS 2 cen eth. aoe ese te
OGIS Samat Snir g oan eet
IBGTOGHISE yh cdc Acie 5 clave deas
IPlerclolenmerHonvisy yan wn eee
IREROMAVISCUS wus che oie dacs eyes
OC Aner EA eka than Seca oa cape
Rung @aetlal. ars vty alee Ande fe eietth
nV SCUOUA centre ih cans Setter terrors
eaonSGueliIS Thc ca cae tene aca &
IPEOCY Olena) ec wc eae nes
RrodelplanimttSias a eres a oe:
IEROMNG DSees Geter. am eden ae es or
IBSCUIG OCA ese wa ieee niche sa
BnipOiUS Ee teat ai et ae. J
HuheiehteanmeGtes nn. suk le Oa:
INbithnodontomiys! ssn. us ee
SS CQUMEMNUS me taal ake on Mlascystig “ses
WCMINOMLCEUS Mean ae eae te aye
SICUIBDG EIS) ahoe es cunt ae Meee Ee
SullenaaKOlC vali nh Bg cuetints ee ee ae
OU Mehr MNS Sra > apa td uadc tite Roars
MWeaiG CAN ut Mur uine bce nga.) sila, c
BIEL IRL OMY css dS PB Becta, aa)
Mlb Che CHAS yee Aiwa ae ced ins
BIMUIGGIO DSi ey aeeck vewlssare Gee
Win GWOT aa hace) tae sued eh skit
LU EERSI Sanda be Seu enteral trae) kaa ee
Wes membiligiey in ee ete sl nh. ss
\Wiwilhoveigid G22) Satara ot cer ene ole
AO OIMTUIS ae nie ah reser Fuse satin Oe
(Bs ONTOETS ore Miteas Ocha ier rare OTe:
oe OK on
BERR HH DHW ADAH
HoH
“I ROH
Ww
PHN HOW HMNHDNW OMNWNI AHR HHBMNWBHN AON OO DHMNNNHHAWH HA
WwW HOW WH 4
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OmPHNUN DN NW H
I
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MCmwWMmNUN HATS HO NWO
OW
is
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A Men God Has el HiOs) io HOS Sf OS Hl HOO Wee Beet Si GROG (eis Ove (OVS te) lS) Cols ION Te ET AS
Much care has been given that all the forms that have received
names before this work was sent to the press should be included,
and it is hoped that few, if any, have been omitted.
xii PREFACE.
Descriptions of all species and races known to the Author, which
were published prior to July 1, 1904, are given in this work. No
attempt has been made to add to the List after that date, as the press
work was then too far advanced to permit of any additions.
In the Appendix at the end of Part II. will be found descriptions
of all those Mammals that were published too late, as the pages
passed through the press, to be included in their proper position in
the volume.
A work like the present could not be brought to a successful issue
without material assistance from various quarters, as no Museum
possesses collections of such extent as to render it independent of all
others, and the Author is under many obligations to his colleagues
in different Institutions for the loan of material and for all other aid
requested toward the successful completion of his labors. It gives
him, therefore, much pleasure to name the following to whom he
feels much indebted: Dr. J. A. Allen, Curator of Vertebrate Zodlogy
in the American Museum of Natural History, New York, and F. M.
Chapman, Esq., Assistant Curator; Dr. C. H. Merriam, Chief of the Bio-
logical Survey, Department of Agriculture, Washington, and his able
assistants, Dr. A. K. Fisher, V. Bailey, W. H. Osgood, A. H. Howell,
and E. A. Preble, Esqs.; R. Rathbun, Esq., Director of the National
Museum, Washington; Dr. F. W. True, Curator of Biology in the
National Museum, and G. S. Miller, Jr. Assistant Curator, and M. W.
Lyon, Esq., of the Department of Mammals; Witmer Stone, Esq.,
Curator of Ornithology in the Academy of Natural Sciences of
Philadelphia; Outram Bangs, Esq., of the Museum of Comparative
Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.; Dr. E. A. Mearns, U.S. Army; and Old-
field Thomas, Esq., of the British Museum. To all these the Author
desires to express his thanks for having in many instances helped
to make the ‘‘rough places smooth,”’ and the completion of this work
in its present form a possibility.
Dee
T5th Fulv, 1904.
CONTENTS.
VOLUME TY, PART I,
PAGE
OrpvER I. MARSUPIALIA—MarsuvupPIiALs.
Dicdelpliviees——OPOSSUMIS sar eet acd < site ida hue ety her avec aera faye ah I
OrpER IJ]. EDENTATA—EDENTATEsS.
ea eeis EGIL CHES GME IE cie Sicgiped sc ee ees tanned bie ane’ xcs asa deptoans ene B 19
NMynmecopliacidce—Ant-Caters) n.d. eae hicks ae ew le eels Hl cass wor wim wvebds 24
LIS Sioa olp} ablfe te ove ann 2yc hill (oer eee NP Re Pe a a 31
OrpeER III. SIRENIA—SrrReENIANS.
Mie ile —— MAILER i ted 6 ck Pies windy Rm eva ade ay wieder ane yd ve pul oliea ace 36
ORDER IV. CETACEA—CETACEANS.
Balesnidee——B lean Wiwalesy: cries, siete nile tartadiore cle + set; Saba a, wibhecBeer es wee 39
PSS vette ce —— Sem WALES 5%, felis cg iscrsirce sh dycen/s GALa aves Dates, ooeleee Bien 44
Delpinunidz——Dolphins wPorpoises Cte) > fist se ne oes ane ee 48
OrvER V. UNGULATA—-Hoorep QuapRUPEDs.
alee CASS Ui Glee ECCATICS omyam snsir at ated. 4 cy chudar Pes waned aah ete da Mt uiieaor’ hoi Meas 61
(Cinta BSS DY eters 20h i ee ir ean ie ae AO een eA en Sen AES 68
Antilecapridz—Prone-horh Antelope. : 2... b cencon eh ate lace we 81
Bowie —— Oates SMCem, Ct. Maa wuts Setel.ut viele dni one leulcis Bak en, bo cia 83
Pia epiitla Clea a iasa lt Mine ian: Sted eis at aes yr EY ae Sopk dees Wien MEG male ae 87
OrDER VI. RODENTIA—RopeEnts.
SlokhinatdleS = elo) itiiait Apa ake a ana BSAA an et eae ni ELC tY ira hy eran S tn go
Maer Cat chee etn iT cette pe oizts I ikaie.4 Hee Ses nmin Se. c ho iat ahaeateos 159
Mrinal eas MIMIIGE ViOLESa o atteghes Galle sosle sacacneatha“Gubelhiitelcnh aurea hes 162
Gemmnitee—eGUCHed URAGKE £ Jn aie Wid g.sct aacbrae taiace Wis, heta ee 300
Heteromyide2—Kangaroo Rats, Pocket Mice.............00e0enee 341
Oeioromuces—— nme Oclodonts ys (acres aiid ten dait'e gly wieyec wa etly eee 382
Eye in ert EOP CLV UES ff ee oie) Mace Mk Nev ve) ot ale Bold w ordgle Based al ye 397
IMasyprocmda =A Soutis, Pacas.. og eh ies file hid es wl Ye sakes aOR
eee emis MeO GS rice cba lgueiin ce “oils ciieoxtboculd id ein, chute ha Mere alan Gye’ mee ds ATI
xiii
PLATE.
Jie
inl
IVa:
WAL, WAU WAUUE:
PX ong
OS SAT SEV
MeV VI; XVI:
SV TT), XX, XX.
OU,
ba
XXIII
XXIV.
Oo, 2OOWIL
XXVIII, XXVIII.
DGPS OGOE.
XXXII.
XXXII, XXXII.
XXXIV, XXXV.
XXXVI, XXXVI.
XXXVITI,XXXIX.
GI DB
XLI.
Bial-OF-PEATES.
VOLUME TV: PART I.
To Face
PAGE
Callumomiysral Shomer he ue he sia hehe Feiss easy cee sat eee 9
WicdelohiySmesaimenCanawe ye rela cis sealers 14
Gabassousicentralisn cide is omc tayo ie CH
Lmcheehus Mama hits. Aine s wnAelae w eee 37
INaGhieinectececlaucusman ares. = tameen case inte sens 40
MecapteratmebellicoSal nancial. Grccal sd en 41
BalesnopterardavdcsSoninces ser nae cee area 42
COolayOTEVICCDSsard sepsis Heirs os acti see, ese oie eee ceeke 46
ZS SRC AUR CS EIIG. fi) .roct Bes wade stat aces Ht ee 47
PN OGeshaspmMOCeiar pas syrest here pebo iin eeccneieie caja) o% 48
Oxcimustorca cer eseudorea erassidens iy. 4.4.4 42 7) 50°
Globicephalus melas & Prodelphinus euphrosine .. 52
Delphinus: delphis & Tursiops tursio.............: 54
APA EISSUl Ghajequilenebhonh Ge dae gael wiodo bon aetins oe 62
ARAGASSUMpPCCAlae se tie ye vaste sieruons Ot RhaLen tment eee ee 66
OdontocctelusyastexensiSte -l ] eee ieee 68
WavatmnaasartOrimemroctin nee teipees, Gnutre maumane cise a Seo 70
PUMMUOCAP Taya MICKICOMA! W5.5 his 5 awit gine lite Pea ee chy 82
@ivaiss came ania ie (ee donee nar oes eA eeac ote faue 84
Macy Poa Miia AARGIIFY 610 pe. us ale ahetanisr ac broterataanalasd « «eM base a 87
CMTC HO MLE L As, Cos Rue tig avenue © ausnttings wiles b/ci 408
Ge DISA art Webern acratain aeksy ly wre oe) aie =icig' caaere 414
INEM IIS HEM EGEMINLCTS wreti is crite ene alee ensie vos scariest 431
xV
BePOr ILEvsSlTRAMONS OF (CRANIA IN THE TEXT.
VOLUME IV. PART I.
Fic PAGE
i, Clantinarartentets snntioaisaay ble ouaen sree che ale on toma oc coer Sore ak Mtoe ines pire ea 2
Pre een O Sa) OWA MMe aso g palatine ae ese SR OH SA ei oicy Ame + oe Ole tod 4
ReeeE Vietachinis USCOMGISCUS so ..2 sk 43 wustee oe side als gene ee cave a ee ia
Pemmes iar tice nO MkII 6 3M Siow ok id A isons beie SRLS ana eie te Tlseele led age Ue 20
Cem ST LC KG Tis ra MUISC AIG, oi, gti h asic Guim a Sohal gp dom Raich View sintwral th eye a Re 22
eee ClO Mea CemcmIGe<. otis tcant WEG eh a 4 anit aaa oes alot sin Vaid 25
PeeNamManGtiame trad aGhylanies np deicnecss ao Si eiess «ek tie a hist sake e Be. hanes 27
Bema N ly asane tO MELO AUUTI CACC YI. gS scrote esc ns bos Rusvebeid site alae mE Bocleye oe 20
OME AUnMoO Vera CimChttiny se 7 toceat scones cra lebsie a mee se Ge aise ee eee Bo
HOM CUloct a eclAGielli ca weueris ep aneascy “orn tantyh coos a haccn ty eset trs c! Sacha any bce scat eee 39
MM MIVGGLer MacnOCepmlaltie c 22 2c svs) Yada ha Lee Sais a othe nl gees 44
OES VU MS LOSCNUM I SMO HOC MUS ia nieye aie shri a A eiloeea tae Ceticl bin, eles ahepaeta eeepc 92
TAs SCARS (MLO SCebabS)) loon sabia aoe wow onde gee Ala order a diced Gn oo 990
Pee OCU MUO SCIICIS MCORP swe G6 aiectis cl abatennie 4s sentnye e oth ai) Soc e-aleaM anne 101
TE jKeunboabe: ((Crisradhunerhenbis)) Gey, lNowsnothanohlig yoo woe ashok ob anoe hee oa: 103
HOw Monts) CATOSCIUT US): MayaritenSis 2...) ers kiks Moe ce Alas be nN 106
Pe COMIT Si ALASCLUETIS) kt CORCESIG! voc kee x gut tats wicis cine eos se seh e Callie ee ie x
WEI SCHEMES (OMOAS bu Av) Gh bhdzhalen We @ Mors go ciga ope oon Ob oo orem ag crc. 112
IOs SSherls CACclauinvogencinbis)) Ayondaleriwer 6544 5qeeu00cuccucaeabeoogns ee rae
DOMES CUTS) (HES PETOSCIIGUS)) OTISEUS = tac) oe gees ee ee ale a ica ee mg
Pee Cer S (LAM ASelttmS)) Ce SMCAGMS io 8 ee sets aces ws AW en es se le webs TEe2
eee STO MSC UMS 4 kia drl: cits wim ck ts assets a ages lesen os wine as ls alin tes 134
22 eieMS (Ammospermophilas)! bnesaxicola on. 2. 0c... ben dete ys 2 hee 139
ean OineluS (Atmospermopnilus) 1. peminsula Jo... 2 i.e ce ee es en es 141
Spee Citells (cerospermopmilus) microspilotus... .<c6. eee ee kere oe 144
HOw Orellis (Me alospermoplilus: )\madnrensis.. fo. .th as oe win es ve eae 144
Pye NOiteMusn (OLOSPeRuOp MALS) “WATIESATUS. 0/5. 2-144. G.so ed wa Geln he i ee 148
ham enone Sk Ie OVMGIANU Sr upteaty ates. ashe aes leitoba, Ss wy wana as) aye 2 SUSUeelh, lees 154
OEM SUE O LETS aVOlaMG wr ye mp wewe wericwa cua aieyaeria-ne saz bi ce oeel at nari Seem te cual Fae US7
OM CASTOR Ce ni Or CNL OLe aren te cine easuinees rane: td ah a eemobhaie ed SosiGon © ee sinto tine seetec 160
ree VI Serrett iti teysacwoar Care ec ran pastes cus, cute Wecmeiaanee cares ally doce heee pate tee to ARs meee wy eg 163
ea ROU OOM OND TCS ss clei cla, b.0,2 muy as oe se he Wyss ao le cle eS Se ROR 166
ea. Peromyscus, furvus..3... ree ne h ttt Me hus Ata Vis: tks A che gaps te eae 17
Sil Miler GkoholivonnmyS WlaveranIen & Gaalase Gee deg as ei acters he Ley Oa ett oo emotions Ag)
Se Ve HO Suit metal eel apes, geckos tea anche ee A wt atau einlce apne Gee a dace 215
BE Crmelalonmy, Semirciicatl Gitlstver ier nou eiesis sia ee a evens cecbblnt dae ae tito 218
EM LO OI us: Phy OdG s 24 onto ls oleh ye ae eWlost werd 4 taupe iain. ovale ton hoe Ronee 220
ose SUC TIOC One ORUCcm a=. ca eat arm arsmicn ay cucse’ e clGasns Sethan hay disc aise el ac 223
Coan Oy aOR ES OCS RICETEIS (Lcd Ais Mare stlanah. cles dh cicaieuie <i Be woe de ee 233
AO OLVaNiive (OlWoory zOmlyS)) VESCtUS 4s. ced wee. us tha lshe sas he we ee 240
Hime NOSCROPMOrOMiySiMeSMaATeStL fide sli sp es eg nek diets wl ee DA ee 251
ee eee OM Mt Onin SNe MERI 21.47 seacey Ae stae) wosnv ite nnn bps ccc aod Lsteges alse col epee ea 252
eee Mento COMmtOMIys MECAIOUG.s. 6. Sah 6 bis mivbes wy viene Sigh © ele eee a 256
audio GENSNOJGNG Has" Connell hae aa SR cee See ee aaa 273
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.
PAGE
NeGOtOmia MUCTOPTIS iy ca veg oe ally > ote Caasene Rice pee eee ee 276
Nelsonita meotomodon f.25.s ecm ees ecueiers vie ter Care cence, eae mie 289
Mienomys melsond aha. ns Berne ge Nee then 4 getty Oe aes 291
WNeotomedom-sletomt. i ciali oad cccuk se ap ne dp ook ns se eee 293
PPOATODUS RGN AR ¥.) stcils bres sie eel can hie vei nto ip) eet eenets SNORE Seeman 295
Plo donnys eller la. th ee uate age eat eget cin e/a yand o ocfoacral oe ee 296
Maierotus 6; Dy perythrusses, fo ews. ase Sng ys, coun ee ae eee 300
NMISrotus. Gr ubyad Ws) GASLA CSE: cs)! rohit We gan us a's ata seater Pe 303
Microtus, (Orthriotirs) im bros) Flax. aes qs Santa eee a Cae 304
Microtus: (Herpetomys), puatemalensis v0 ols i: scence nse one on 305
BIGOT 2) PAMGMUS=. 3 cat spsce at BS eat coe by eR Re aka NTR are Mn eae 307
GEOMYS ALEMATIMS: . fans. 45. 5.0 abe Sivindiiata Maree Ose meee Te eee ast
Cratosceomiys: CaStAMOPS) no ie deo optan aed maha aretnctce ence ie te Sere eae 312
PIAtyocomys: oy mmr So aie Be beta ne oa glen poe ney ete ee ae ay
Pappogeomys billet, (0s ey) f ne nue Sa -pistas sto oe eats a aierene pana eee ee 321
Mrthoseomys Scallops: isi wc hte eye eieeye se a ve ieee nt eee nee a 323
ELSteTOSCOMLYS TOMdUS!. . . . Saki pie shen a tes Lee = eee ee ee 325
MacrGseOoiys CHEMIE 5 ' Misc cle tee ches wand x, Mey all tre wee eer ea 327
AIVSOSEOMYVS CIC MODUS a5. ai acts. s cite ites a Ha ae a SEG Te, nee ed 331
TR GIIOMUY'S, ATTOMATIUS 6. 2 oo ere diaries wine eel ieeliee ke ac
DTV OW OMS, MUMS. esas coe <rah atte aac ea gy tn geege: Sere etic aot eanea 342
Perodipus chapmani- <0 is"... vie eas ove © > acl) eae eee 349
MeTOgMAtOUSMMENClaMIl a4. Fain torte elas c 2, & nS pasla i fhe Witatan) soe eet ee aes
Peroonathus: (Chetodipus) f.mesopolius: ..:. 0. nye vee ie ee 356
Pleteronnys COMMON oe gah cea cetdte ieee ahs eA aay Ane eee 368
Heteromys (Liomys): alboltmbatus:. ¢ 0.3). ¢ oc. gs = « ogee ate wena 374
EOriG SPOS eUIlES y o.\is vite soarngiem als etc tac ace aun ia ong tle cise ka aaa enti ane ace 3830.
Proethimonys Gemtpaliss, 2.5 oles tet a core snc <p se aeoty tens Ria een 386
WANLOMLYS PUOTECES: Gilet Wel «tater sah tite) ahaa ars fell ieee eReRa] o 389
Capromys (Geocaptromiys) Broil: «eq... py ps ae ote 2 eee meee 393
JedU-Youvolelerayat ye: Vocals santana? eset Peer Sore Sc eee te my nak NORMED ic Stee Rae.) <4) 395
EPStinZOnepUrantNUne sant inne: 2 fry SW mek to ah arco gee ee 398
GoenciemeExicamuinl on ase eee ee teen ete Gn eiiegs 3c a reer cies eee eects ee 400
DesSyProcta Mexicana? . Jo). cs ccs o wtiee td oon Is See a may Meee a 404
ROMEFOlASUS TElSOMi ho caters Ole coger eiesia aes oN ae see e tant ot co sty 412
Lepus (Silvilagus): s@beitietusis | once ews kare ee oe trem Ae chy aie 416
Lepus: (Tapeti) Cabin care ccsesee Oa ne secon aoa ee is oe le hee ee 427
Lepus (Mierolagus) cimerascems’s Gorm sca ok ie nl gon os sete ee 430
M,
WM.
WOE.
BY:
V.
VI.
WiLL.
Va
LX.
xe
xa,
XT;
IIT.
XIV.
IV’.
XVI.
XVII.
se VILL.
XIX.
XX.
DG, Ge
DX LT.
XXIII.
XXIV.
XXV.
XXVI.
XXVIT.
XXVIII.
XXIX.
XXX.
XXXII.
XXXII.
XXXIII.
XXXIV.
XXXV.
SeXXVI.
XXXVII.
XXXVIII.
XXXIX.
XL.
XLI.
XLII.
ALM:
XLIV.
Bist OP PIGURES IN THE. TEXY,
VOLUME IV. -PART I;
CIM OMCOTES gas Sy nak Lcd ¥ tie facia a Aieeiie Sve wns? ails
IVitarretan@ Sel criin CLC isteg erantent ich se cestrernt i -a Shore eee Rene ey one oe oer
Caliromys Ger SiamUs: Bec) ste (s+ cehaidoly b ahaloys ead a his
MGT AGiEO SMAI RCORTISCUS Acorn tas.l) st. 4 riayaranta eRe a ieke ts wc
[Bivolellelnneisrant istzkon!osa (ef: 0¥: yea eer ea ame ie A ae ee
(GlnvelapSjey etsy alouis ec (yok 01 Gea Ae aeons Peed Rea aac
BTA RY PUSCAStAMEIGOTS 5.00 6 aS Rhe kl Bapen Pe eae las
PER SICIDES AGT SANS! y Abesce seer ata al ne dB dice AMD Arrant Sts Soe
Tamandua tetradactyla, adult........ NPRM e ay snohtee en esiets
LamanduartecaGachyla vOICe mine eee ee oe
Mytinecopmacatmdactyilan. ann. sy1s sone okies sentence:
Galbassousicentinaligucete a. wennieeny eoeemivene ditched cre ee nay ot
AREH Ghie RFon (cy ca¥ess nVeqri 4 era eink ee aad ok So aaa ae a ee
UG hechnrSatan ie tisbe ky wyeta tel. antlers dos Wk awn au the es
Baleen Whale attacked by Killer Whales............
Pry Seber, MACTOCEP MANS i: citaene eciaie that ite oy tod
HElaojzte cially ollalovctcs 0-5 eae en dena. ee ont mene rire og tee
AD TeaEMITORO RC cls ina vane fous ratal acteceky elt 6b. to) Sarre 5 aeons Aas
CHLODIGS HAMS MCL Asen ialeew clo ui Bakaly elon eety Sg cus. ¥ a whe
clei Pe) 9 (hat ng tra (GE 7 CoA eg ae a PgR ee ae eR
RiodieboinieimlagenodOny, + 4 lotic 6 tie use daca kia pe hy obeedeke
nC ESTADO aaat sees Oc MCtTN Gicr bh hdd Sys Kot hes eae o Sap aa
We onioccslus a: COURS! sats sets ies tc ldesn soba Slew dukdates
Nie aint SA NU Olds mf sae hia eat Wie rec a vactias s PR aecumeee ed ee
MOUNO CA nena: MMOKMCAIIE sacs ala iin an layad acts duty aateue srs
Omistercremnobates OldimWamlien. 4... scene fete aes
Ovis c. cremnobates, Old Ewe and Young Ram.......
PIV Es OTe LENCO a eee Aerts hares cts wash wrt a wien SCR aR eV wd
WCMMMSAAUCIOASUCTat et. eee. cians Adwantays wer ine tub war Bs
Ma BESO MIG ee 7h ween ed Game wreath 1 wb PALE Con, fe ttonel bsekg
Citellus (Otospermophilus) variegatus. .............
SL OMI SMISAOMLCIAINIS acc sis es <P ald ws Osa oo dm Biel we
SIS ENS MATS = fretting anes ee crabnyagys wie ony 16 oo Rew
ee SR aE MIRA Ch Se VETS oa 5! «We haved pe RY dae olde coe ee EI Oe
NI RE STARE NG lg Ue a Sg ile el rd ee aPC Le
here In Gey Sy POE EMIS oc) 5 2. Oyaee whede, oto Se de eneetiivonse Mba
Perominsetis ds SOMOCICTISIS). <0 tek 504 fo ainlgsowls tees am O's
v= Wenucvareloy af mig bales 0s a2) bl: gee a eae ar ee ae a
WAC 8 AACS DUIS sh Hy bees aksshe oho wie digealln re onus MONS oe
Fipsgetoral evaticio:tahyic, toll cya b Capea ae eae eR ea ee ere EP
Rinthrodontotmiys mecalotisn 0% 6. hase ees:
NCE SHEL LAN ae Reyes aie Gok cleraih y Peedi x oldie hasan Bi ek we «
PN CUMIN eROM OPES, < ccatiy eae pth ct ola taes spa Ses oa
SLB JOT VSM TYS ong gg RE la tiara a a ee
Send ake Io
BaCe 0. cists r2
Ws Sat 20
Ae Po 28
Flee lebie ey
fee 40
eee £35
st 164
XX
Fic.
XLV.
XLVI.
XLVII.
XLVIII.
XLIX.
IL.
LI.
iE
LITI.
LIV.
LV.
LVI.
LVII.
EVIL:
LIST OF FIGURES IN THE TEXT.
PAGE
Microtus G:iaypery bagusy crc foweric sie re ean cee ete 302
CratogeomiysicastamOpse .rat-rant ater + arcs adenine ne ene eae 315
Thomiomays ful vas: sae eon foeesy wed apo s chnys Wie gene 334
Dipodomiys Merriamit Shia coy be ts sh a 32 Se 346
Pérognathus seriiami ast ne te sia cols ey Se ee 354
Mieteroiitys: allenin nce wats eta, shin) 6 co ee 376
Loncheres labiliss o.eetenars ceenses ee tego! ahs real ade eae eee 384
Capramys piomdes rs atest ois. foc nes bseye shred © pee ee ee 390
Plactodon bia. Asai a vi ctconstied sie vin cs se) 3 seo ey eee 396
Prethizonvepisxeam tlitinmies) aside tice fe neko cachet iene en eee 399
Coendis miexieantiale tac. ste aie ya: t.0t cio Oe 4o1
Dasy proctasisthmilGann aaa tock bin Gia 2-06 5 ACRE eh ee ea 406
Agoutt PACA MTnSATAt ea. k vicie sae es: + a 08 aie: hacia eee ee 409
Teepis alle mire rye hate eee eat dept sys Seer anew cope gon cule okt ece a eee ee 434
ERRATA.
VOLUME IV] PART I.
ILLUSTRATIONS.
Plates xxxvi and xxxvil, for Tapirella dowt, read Tapirella batrdt.
Eel.
Page 74, 8th line from bottom, for 98.5 read 985.
Page 104, 12th line from top, for Hoffman’s Squirrel, read Hoffmann’s Squirrel.
Page 105, gth line from top, for S. @. hoffman, read S. @. hoffmannt.
Page 130, 14th line from bottom, for parieta, read parietal.
Page 152, 18th line from bottom, for announed, read announced.
*Page 177, 19th line from top, for a.-mesomelas, read iexensis mesomelas.
*Page 177, 11th line from bottom, for b.-castaneus, read iexensis casianeus.
Page 205, 11th line from bottom, for felepensis, read felipensis.
Page 270, 3d line from bottom, for oranze, read orange.
Page 350, t1oth line from bottom, for Forte Verde, read Fort Verde.
Page 351, 20th line from bottom, for hermanni, read heermannt.
Page 357, 17th line from top, for P. h. zacaiecas, read P. h. zacalece.
Page 357, 20th line from top, for rhydinohris, read rhydinorhts.
Page 369, 2d line from bottom (Footnote), for instanees, read instances.
Page 414, toth line from top, for foreman, read foramen.
*These were inserted after the pages were set up, and inadvertently were
placed under the wrong species. They should have gone on page 188, after
e.-deserlicola.
Xxi
< . : .
eyes hb
CLASS MAMMALIA.
Order I. Marsupialia. Marsupials.
The Marsupials or Pouched Mammals have at the present time a
most restricted distribution, all the families of the order but one
being found in the Australian region, viz., Australia, Tasmania,
New Guinea, Celebes, and smaller contiguous islands. The one
family, Didelphyide, foreign to this portion of the world is confined
to the more southern parts of North America, and to South America.
Marsupials are peculiar in the majority of cases, for having a fold of
skin about the milk glands which forms a pouch, and in which the
undeveloped young are placed and nourished. The species vary greatly
in size, from the giant kangaroo, taller than many men, to little
creatures not much larger than a mouse. One, Chironectes minimus, an
opossum from Central America, Guiana, and Brazil, is aquatic in
its habits, with large webbed hind feet, and it feeds on fish and other
marine creatures which it secures in the manner of the otter. Some
opossums, however, are not provided with a pouch, but the young
are nevertheless fastened to the teats of the mother in a similar man-
ner as are those whose parents possess this sac, and when they are
sufficiently grown to leave the teats, they are transferred to their
mother’s back, where they maintain their position by wrapping their
tails around that of the female, which is elevated over her back and
carried there for this purpose.
Fam. l. Didelphyidze. Opossums.
Limbs rather short; feet with five distinct toes; tail prehensile.
Pouch sometimes present. Habits arboreal.
O. Thomas. Catalogue of the Marsupials and Monotremata in the
collection of the British Museum, 1888.
1
9 CHIRONECTES.
1. Chironectes.
Oo.
Ut
[223 C = Pes iS =
3 4—4
4—4’ *I—I 3
Chironectes Illig., Prodr. Syst. Mamm. et Av., 1811, p. 76. Type
Latra! minima Zimmermann.
FiG. 1. CHIRONECTES MINIMUS.
No. 16072 Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. Coll. Nat. size.
Skull similar to Didelphys; nasals expanded posteriorly; post-
orbital processes prominent; temporal ridges forming a crest in
adults; broad interorbital space with square edges; zygomata later-
ally expanded. Single pair only of large vacuities opposite molars
on palate posteriorly, no smaller pairs. Enlarged pisiform bone on
fore feet, forming a prominent tubercle; hind feet webbed to end of
toes; toe pads protruding beyond web.
CHIRONECTES. 3
1. minimus (Laira, sic), Zimm., Geog. Gesch., 11, 1780, p. 317.
paraguensis: and guianensis Kerr, Linn. Anim. King., 1792, pp.
1723 LA.
memina Cuv., Tabl. Elém., 1798, p. 125.
sarcovienna Shaw, Gen. Zool., 1, 1800, pt. Il, p. 447.
variegatus Illig., Abh. Ak. Wiss., Berl., 1811, p. 107.
palmata Cuv., Regn. Anim.,.1, 1817, p. 174.
yapock Desm., Mamm., I, 1820, p. 261.
Fic. |. CHIRONECTES MINIMUS. WATER OPOSSUM.
WATER Opossum, Yaprock. Zarro de Aguain Costa Rica; Tlacuazin
de Agua in Guatemala.
Type locality. Guiana.
Geogr. Distr. Guatemala south through Central America to
southern Brazil.
Genl. Char. Size medium; ears large, rounded, metatragus very
small; tufts of facial bristles above eyes, on cheeks in front of ears,
and on the throat between jaws; whiskers on side of muzzle long; fur
thick, woolly.
Color. Grayish white, mixed with light brown; band through eye
and crown blackish brown; grayish white crescentic band between
ears above the eyes; line from crown to base of tail, and transverse
lines over shoulders, middle of back, loins and rump, black; ground
hue between these slaty gray; chin, chest and belly white; outside of
arms and legs grayish, the inner side white; tail furred at base
only, remainder scaly, proximally black grading into yellowish at
the tip.
4 CHIRONECTES. MARMOSA.
Total length, 720; tail, 395; hind foot, 72. Skull:
Measurements.
occipito-nasal length, 53; Hensel, 48; zygomatic width, 30; inter-
orbital constriction, 7; palatal length (palatal arch to alveoli of incis-
ors), 31; length of upper molar series, 19; length of mandible to tips
of incisors from angle, 43.
2. Marmosa.
Is. C2; Pi2yM = = 50.
4—4 I—7 3-3 4—4 .
Marmosa Gray, Lond. Med.
Didelphis! murina, Linneus.
Repos:; Xv, 1622) py 306: Type
Fic. 2. MARMOSA CHAPMANI. TRINIDAD.
No. 5499 Field Columbian Mus, Coll. Enlarged %
MARMOSA. 5
Micoureus Less., Tabl. Régn. Anim., 1842, p. 186.
Asagis and Notagogus Glog., Handb. Naturg., 1, 1841, p. 82.
Thylamys (sic) Gray, List Mamm. Brit. Mus., 1843, p. ror.
Grymeomys Burm., Thiere Bras., 1, 1854, p. 135.
Cuica Liais, Climats, Géol., Faun. et Geog. Botanique, Breésil,
1672, pe 427.
Size small; pouch absent; fifth hind toe sometimes not longer
than the second; tail long; body slender; teeth large, strong.
KEY TO: THE SPECIES:
A. Size small; face without dark central streak.
a. Under parts yellowish white. PAGE
ay pen patie TUlOUS: sae bo. key du wo murine 5
Pere per sOnrhs aGimmlammOn 5.2 <1. ted he M. mexicana 6
c.’ Upper parts ashy brown; skull, 35 x 20...M. canescens 6
de’ Upper parts brown; skull, 31x 76.5...... M. sinaloe 6
Seaemerapminor ray. sgl bys os ou ho wei ead M. cinerea 7
b. Under parts buffy yellow or buff.
emi @et. pamus ca OLOWM. « . 0's 5r.ie-s see eft M. insularis 7
bY’ Upper parts dark sepia brown............JM. oaxace 8
c.’ Upper parts cinnamon or tawny ochraceous..........
sis Ao nO eG OA « At og M. fulviventer 8
2. murina (Didelphis!), Linn., Syst. Nat., 1, 1758, p. 55.
Murine Opossum. TJlacuazin Raton in Guatemala.
Type locality. Unknown. (‘In Asia; America.’’) Brazil?’
Geogr. Distr. Central Mexico to Brazil.
Genl. Char. Tail furry at base; ear large, rounded, naked, basal
projection long, pointed. Skull: nasals long, of nearly equal width
throughout their length; supraorbital ridges present, tips forming
postorbital processes; temporal ridges not meeting in center of brain-
case.
Color. General hue above deep rufous, sides paler; cheeks, throat,
chin, and lips buff; orbital ring and space between eyes and nose
black; under parts and inner side of limbs yellowish white or buffy;
outside of limbs like back; hands and feet flesh color; tail covered
with rufous hair at base, remainder pale brown.
Measurements. Total length, 395; tail vertebre, 218; hind foot,
26; ear, 29. Skull: basal length, 33; length of nasals, 15; across
postorbital processes, 7.2; palatal length, 20; length of upper molar
series, 6.4.
6 MARMOSA,
a.—mexicana (Marmosa), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., x1, 1897, .
p. 44.
Mexican MurRINE Opossum.
Type locality. Juquila, State of Oaxaca, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. States of Oaxaca and Chiapas, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Paler than M. murina, interparietal broader and
shorter.
Color. Above cinnamon rufous, graduating into ochraceous buff
on belly; orbital ring black; end of nose to between eyes buffy; tail
above brown, beneath paler. Some individuals have unicolor tails.
Measurements. Total length, 330; tail vertebre, 186; hind foot, 20.
3. canescens (Micoureus), Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., N. Y.,
1893, P- 235-
ASsHY Opossum.
Type locality. Santo Domingo de Guzman, Isthmus of Tehuan-
tepec, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Isthmus of Tehuantepec, northwesterly through
States of Oaxaca, Guerrero and Michoacan to the Hacienda Magda-
lena in State of Colima, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Smaller than M. murina. Tail furred at base.
Skull: nasals less expanded posteriorly than in M. murina, and the
small posterior palatal vacuities absent.
Color. Above ashy brown tinged with rufous, beneath white
tinged with yellow; orbital ring black, reaching nearly to the nose;
sides of face, neck, and between eyes yellowish gray; ears pale brown;
tail pale brown spotted with flesh color, furred at base, rest naked,
terminal portion often white; feet grayish white.
Measurements. Total length, 266-288; tail vertebrae, 142-150;
hind foot, 60-70; ear, 65. Skull: total length, 35.5; basal length,
33.8; zygomatic breadth, 20.8; length of nasals, 16.3; anterior border
of premaxille to posterior border of palatal floor, 18.8; length of
mandible, 26; height at condyle, 7.6; at coronoid process, 11.7.
4. sinaloz (Marmosa), Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., N. Y., 1898,
|S RE
SINALOA Opossum.
Type locality. Tatemales, State of Sinaloa, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. State of Sinaloa, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Similar to M. canescens in color, but smaller.
Color. Above rufous brown, darkest on dorsal regions, paler on
sides; beneath pale yellow washed with sooty; orbital ring black; ears
and tail pale reddish brown; cheeks and throat pale yellow; feet and
hands sparsely covered with yellowish hairs.
MARMOSA. 7
Measurements. Total length, 205-242; tail vertebrae, 115-122;
hind foot, 16-18; ear, 22-25. Skull: total length, 31; basal length,
29; zygomatic width, 16.5; length of nasals, 13.7; across postorbital
processes, 6.2; width of braincase, 11.2; tips of premaxille to palatal
arch, 17; length of mandible, 22; height at condyle, 3; at coronoid
process, 7.
Fic. Il. MARMOSA CINEREA. GRAY OPOSSUM.
No. 7052 Field Columbian Mus. Coll.
5. cinerea (Didelphis!), Temm., Monog. Mamm., I, 1827, p. 46.
GRAY OPOSSUM.
Type locality. Brazil.
Geogr. Distr. Costa Rica to Brazil.
Genl. Char. Size large; ear large, rounded, naked. Skull strong,
with nasals expanded posteriorly; zygomata widely spread; inter-
orbital region flat; postorbital processes conical; temporal ridges
rather prominent; canines thick, short.
Color. General hue gray; sides washed with yellow, sometimes
with rufous; black band inclosing the eye; under parts yellowish
white; arms and legs gray; feet pale brown; tail furred at base, rest
naked, scaly, slaty gray grading into yellow or yellowish white at tip;
ears naked, flesh color.
Measurements. Total length, 425; tail, 248; hind foot, 24; ear, 21.
Skull: basal length, 41; greatest width, 26; length of nasals, 18.5;
across postorbital processes, 10; palatal length, 23.7; length of upper
molar series, 7.1.
6. insularis (Marmosa), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., x11, 1898, p. 14.
Maria MapRE Is_tanp Opossum.
Type locality. Maria Madre Island, State of Jalisco, Mexico.
8 MARMOSA.
Geogr. Distr. Tres Marias Islands, State of Jalisco, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Similar to M. canescens, but ears and tail longer,
color more fulvous. Skull narrower and more slender.
Color. Upper parts drab brown, suffused with pale fulvous;
orbital ring broad, black; median face stripe buffy fulvous; under
parts buffy yellow, darkest on throat and breast; tail brown, no
white.
Measurements. Total length, 270; tail vertebre, 170; hind
foot, 20.
7. oaxace (Marmosa), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash.. x1, 1897, p. 43.
Oaxaca Opossum.
Type locality. City of Oaxaca, State of Oaxaca, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Range unknown. ‘‘Sonoran fauna of highlands of
the State of Oaxaca, Mexico.”’
Genl. Char. Size small; darker than M. canescens; feet and ears
smaller.
Color. Above dark sepia brown, reaching wrists and ankles;
beneath buffy yellow; nose on top to behind eyes pale brown; orbital
ring black; tail brown above, white beneath.
Measurements. Total length, 263; tail vertebra, 144; hind foot,
18. Skull: basal length, 29; zygomatic breadth, 18.5; palatal length,
17; interorbital constriction, 4.8; breadth of frontals, 8. (ex Type.)
8. fulviventer (Marmosa), Bangs, Amer. Nat., Xxxv, rgor, p. 632.
FULVOUS-BELLIED Opossum.
Type locality. San Miguel Island, Bay of Panama.
Genl. Char. Similar to MW. mitis Bangs ex Colombia, but smaller
in size and under parts fulvous instead of yellowish white.
Color. Black facial markings as usual in species of this genus;
upper parts cinnamon or tawny ochraceous; upper surface of arms,
sides of neck and of body ochraceous rufous; under parts buff shading
into ochraceous buff on lower sides, and on inner surface of arms and
legs; tail dusky above, paler beneath; feet and hands grayish white.
Measurements. Total length, 325-340; tail vertebrae, 175-180;
hind foot, 23-25; ear from notch, 20-22. Skull: basal length, 34.4;
occipito-nasal length, 37.4; zygomatic width, 20.4; interorbital con-
striction, 6.2; length of nasals, 17.6; width of nasals, 5; palatal length,
18.8; upper tooth row from anterior edge of canine to posterior edge
of last molar, 15.2; length of single half mandible, 27.8.
FIELD COLUMBIAN MUSEUM. PLATE lI, ZOOLOGY.
CALUROMYS ALSTONI.
No. 100S9 Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. Coll wice nat. size
CALUROMYS. )
o. Caluromys.
A
~ I—I 3—
11 eae at Co oy eae
4-4 =
I—t? 3
; M.=* = 50.
4—4
Caluromys Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1900, p. 189. Type
Didelphis! philander Linneus.
Size medium; pouch rudimentary; second hind toe shortest, fourth
longest, third and fifth equal; fur thick, woolly. Skull with post-
orbital processes well developed; median crest absent; palate without
large vacuities posteriorly.
SEOs CLES AND: SUBSPECIES:
PAGE
Prem URMGle temic OMONWISI iy yess ke clos hy da ee ee ee C. alstont 9
B. Under parts grayish white.
SO MERepaELS DUSLY\ Losi dicks suc. ws we welt C. derbianus 9
Pe vUpper parts pale rufous, ....25...:.. C. lanigera pallidus 10
9. alstoni (Caluromys), Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., xu,
TOO, DP. 180: t
cinerea Alston, Biol. Centr. Amer., Mamm., 1880, p. 199, pl. xxI.
(nec Temm.)
ALSTON’S Opossum. :
Type locality. Tres Rios, Costa Rica.
Geogr. Distr. Costa Rica, Central America.
Color. Above sooty, the hairs tipped with deep chestnut brown;
under parts yellowish; space from nose to crown between eyes buff,
inclined to reddish on top of nose; two blackish streaks on side of
nose to and encircling eyes; cheeks and upper part of throat buff;
ears naked, brown; hands reddish brown; feet yellowish; tail covered
with hairs colored like back at base for about 37 mm., naked and
yellowish for the rest of its length.
Measurements. Total length, 430; tail, 250; hind foot to claws, 25.
Skull: occipito-nasal length, 43; Hensel, 42; zygomatic width, 23.5;
interorbital constriction, 7; length of nasals, 11.5.
10. *derbianus (Didelphys), Waterh., Jard., Nat. Libr., Mamm., x1,
Dee es .077
EARL OF DerRBy’s Opossum. Native name Chucha Rata.
Type locality. Unknown.
* There is considerable variation in the markings of this species, the dorsal
stripe being much more restricted in some specimens than in others, and one
example, No. 11,788, Collection of the New York Museum, is almost uniform
sooty above tinged with reddish, and the tips of the hairs whitish. The gray
between the shoulders is indistinct and mixed with the general color, and not in
a stripe, while,the head above is sooty in the center, and reddish brown on
sides of occiput and alsoon the neck. There is none of the rust color, so con-
spicuous on the typical style, anywhere visible.
10 CALUROMYS.
Geogr. Distr. Nicaragua in Central America to Peru in South
America.
Genl. Char. Tail longer than head and body, furred for one-
third of its length.
Color. Upper parts, sides, and outer side of limbs brownish rust
color; under parts soiled white; head brownish gray with a median
dusky stripe from forehead to nose; orbital region brown; gray dorsal
stripe from between shoulders to root of tail; gray line behind fore-
arms and one on leg from knee upward; lower part of arms and
Fic. Ill. CALUROMYS DERBIANUS. EARL OF DERBY’S OPOSSUM.
hands white; feet dusky; tail brown on basal portion, naked part
pinkish spotted with dark brown; ears pale brown, naked.
Measurements. Total length, 765; tail, 425; hind foot, 47.5;
ear, 30.
laniger pallidws (Philander), Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 7th
Ser., Iv, 1899, p. 286.
PaLeE Woo_Lty Opossum.
Type locality. Bogava, Chiriqui, Panama. Altitude, about 750
feet.
Geogr. Distr. Southeastern Central America.
Color. Above pale gray or pale rufous; face brownish; forearms,
shoulders, and sides of hips pale gray; hind legs whitish or tinged
with rufous; tail whitish gray, naked part mottled.
Measurements. Total length, 587; tail, 398; hind foot, 43; ear, 32.
Skull: ‘“‘Greatest length, 61; greatest breadth, 35; length of upper
molars, 9.”’
METACHIRUS.
4. Metachirus.
ae once 3
Metachirus Burm., Thier. Bras., 1, 1854, p.
nudicaudata E. Geoffroy.
4
5 - G2=. P2 3. M4 Ae ek co.
= a o
135.
Type Didelphys
Size medium; pouch rudimentary or well developed; three cen-
tral hind toes subequal, longer than fifth; fur without bristles. Skull
with temporal crests well developed.
Fig. 3. METACHIRUS FUSCOGRISEUS.
No. 8252 Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. Coll. Nat. size. Type.
Ee UNO) Wishes, SHS CMaASy
A. Under parts yellowish white.
PAGE
ae Wpper parts erayish. brown. ............1 M.nudicaudatus 12
b. Upper parts blackish, washed with gray..M. fuscogriseus 12
c. Upper parts much paler, orbital ring larger. .M. 7. pallidus I
12 METACHIRUS.
ll. *nudicaudatus (Didelphys), E. Geoff, Cat. Mus., Paris, 1803, p. 42.
RAT-TAILED Opossum.
Type locality. Cayenne, French Guiana. (Allen.)
Geogr. Distr. Costa Rica? to Brazil.
Genl. Char. Size about equaling M. opossum but more slender;
ears large, brown, rounded, naked. Skull: postorbital processes
barely apparent; interorbital space broad.
Color. Above grayish brown suffused on sides with yellowish,
sometimes rufous; face rufous brown with a white or yellowish
white spot over eye; under parts yellowish white; front of arms and
outside of legs pale brown; indistinct yellow lateral line; tail furred
at base, rest naked, scaly, brown grading to white at tip; hands and
feet pale brown; ears slaty gray.
Measurements. Total length, 540; tail, 300; hind foot, 43; ear, 25.
Skull: basal length, 61; greatest breadth, 36; length of nasals, 30;
across postorbital processes, 11; palatal length, 36; length of upper
molar series, 10.5.
Fic. 1V. METACHIRUS FUSCOGRISEUS. ALLEN’S OPOSSUM.
No. 8252 Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. Coll. Type.
12. fuscogriseus (Melachirus), Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.,
N; Y.; 19060, pi toa,
quica True, Proc. U.S. Nat. ‘Maisi) Wi, 288s ipa some eee
Temminck.) Alston, Biol. Centr Amen, 3, gee, n- noc.
(Part.)
* Thomas, Cat. Marsupials, p. 333, gives this species from Costa Rica.
METACHIRUS. DIDELPHYS. 13
ALLEN’S Opossum. TJlacuazin in Guatemala.
Type locality. Unknown.
Geogr. Distr. Southern Mexico to Costa Rica.
Genl. Char. Size medium; tail longer than head and body; ears
large.
Color. Above blackish washed with gray; top of head and
median line black; flanks gray; under parts yellowish white; a band
above and a broader one below ears, and spots above eyes, yellowish
white; outer surface of limbs paler than sides of body; inner surface
yellowish white; tail dark brown at base, grading into light brown or
flesh color at tip, heavily furred at base, remainder naked; feet
brownish, naked; ears flesh color broadly edged with dark brown.
Measurements. Total length, 534; tail, 283;-hind foot and claws,
39. Skull: basal length, 62; nasals, 32; canine to posterior edge of
last molar, 25.5; palatal length, 38; zygomatic breadth, 32; mastoid
breadth, 19; interorbital constriction, 8.5. (Type.)
a.—pallidus (Metachirus), Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1901,
Pp. 215.
OrIZABA Opossum.
Type locality. Orizaba, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. States of Vera Cruz, Puebla, and Tabasco, south-
eastern Mexico.
Genl. Char. Similar to M. fuscogriseus, but lighter; orbital spots
larger.
Color. Head black above with two large spots above eyes, and a
brownish white stripe on each side of nose; rest of upper parts black-
ish gray, darkest on dorsal line; side of body gray, paler than back;
side of head, throat, hands, feet, and entire under parts yellowish
white; tail at base furred like the back; naked portion black for two-
thirds the length, spotted with flesh color, remaining part all flesh
color.
Measurements. Total length, 475-627; tail, 240-315; tarsus,
38-47. Skull: total length, 77; basal length, 69; length of nasals, 37;
zygomatic width, 39; across postorbital processes, 14.3; interorbital
constriction, 9; mastoid width, 25; palatal length, 42; length of upper
molar series, 15. (ex Type.)
5. Didelphys.
55. QI-1. p 3-3. i
it Ge Lapeer: lee = 56,
4-4? ‘i =8
J. A. Allen. A Preliminary study of the North American Opos-
sums of the genus Didelphis!, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., rg01, p. 149.
14 DIDELPHYS.
J. A. Allen. A Preliminary study of the South American Opos-
sums of the genus Didelphis! Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1902, p. 249.
Didelphis (sic) Linn., Syst. Nat., 1, 1758, p. 54. Type Didelphis!
marsupialis Linneus.
Size very variable; ears large; hind feet short; feet with five dis-
tinct toes, all provided with nails except the first toe of the hind foot,
which is large, opposed to the others in grasping, and is without a
nail. Tail long, prehensile, partly naked; pouch complete; long,
bristle-like hairs mingled with the fur; incisors small and pointed;
canines large; premolars with compressed pointed crowns; molars
with sharp cusps.
KEY TO THE SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES,
A. Size medium. PAGE
a. “Tail black ‘only at. DAS ihsty cnuss opel D. yucatanensis 14
b. Tail black for two-thirds its length....... D. y. cozumel@ 15
B. Size large.
a. Under fur white at base.
a.’ Under parts grayish white.
a.” Posterior end of nasals rounded....D. mesamericana 15
b.” Posterior end of nasals acute ....... D. mm. texensts 06
bio Under parts yellowish; vcs sane D.m. tabascensis 16
b. Under fur orange buff at base.............. D. richmondi 16
c. Under fur yellowish white at base.
a.’ Head yellowish white to nape......... D. m, insulanis 17
b.’ Head dark, spotted with white............ D.m, battyt 17
c.’ Middle of head between eyes posteriorly,
Diecleisht «0.6 chorale ache ads ete Pe es D. m. etensis 18
13. yucatanensis (Didelphis!), Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., rgor,
Dy tos
YUCATAN OPOSSUM.
Type locality. Chichen Itza, Yucatan, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. State of Campeche, and Yucatan, Mexico.
Genl, Char. Similar in color to D. m. cauce (Allen, from southwest-
ern Columbia) but smaller. Black and gray phase equally represented.
Color. Male, upper parts black, base of hairs white; beneath
grayish white; limbs, hands, and feet black; tail black at base;
remainder flesh color; ears black. Female similar to the male, but
covered with long yellowish white hairs, causing her to appear much
lighter, and the black at base of tail is more extensive; under parts
yellowish.
Measurements. Total length, 634-756; tail, 312-393; tarsus,
54-60. Skull: total length, roo; basal length, 90; zygomatic width,
FIELD COLUMBIAN MUSEUM PRA Te tl, ZOO! OGY
DIDELPHYS MESAMERICANA.
No, 8723 Field Columbian Mus. Coll ; nat, size
DIDELPHYS. 15
48; length of nasals, 46; mastoid breadth, 29.4; palatal length, 52;
length of upper molar series, 19.
a-cozumele (Didelphis!), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xiv, 1901,
O. LOt.
ISLAND OF CozUMEL OPpossUM.
Type locality. Cozumel Island, Yucatan.
Genl. Char. Similar to D. yucatanensis but larger; tail shorter;
rostrum and nasals broader; ears large, broad.
Color. Upper parts black, many long white hairs protruding;
beneath dusky with white hairs intermingled; hands and feet black;
tail black for two-thirds the length, remainder flesh color; ears black.
Measurements. Total length, 703; tail vertebre, 324; hind foot,
eg. (ex Type.)
Fig. V. DIDELPHYS MESAMERICANA. LINNEAN OPOSSUM.
No. 8725 Field Columbian Mus. Coll.
14. mesamericana, Oken, Lehrb. der Zodl., 1, 1816, p. 1152.
californica (Didelphis!) Bennett, Proc. Zodl. Soc., 1833, p. 40.
Hikiot, syn, N. Am. Mamm., roor;p. 3:
LINNEAN Opossum.
Type locality. ‘‘Northwestern Mexico, adjacent to California.”
Geogr. Distr. Oklahoma Territory, through Mexico generally into
Gautemala.
Genl. Char. Black; toes reddish half way from claws.
16 DIDELPHYS.
Color. Upper parts and sides black, with occasional long white
hairs, mostly on dorsal region; face and forehead whitish; around the
eyes and line in the center of the crown, black; under parts white
shaded with dusky; legs and feet black, digits reddish, half way from
claws on hands, only at base of claws on feet; tail black at base,
remainder flesh color.
Measurements. Total length, 640-940; tail vertebra, 250-535;
tarsus, 56-80. Skull: total length, 91; Hensel, 80; zygomatic width,
47; mastoid width, 27; interorbital constriction, 6; palatal length,
palatal arch to alveoli of incisors, 53; length of upper molars, 20.
a.—texensis (Didelphis!), Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., rgo1, p. 172.
Texas Opossum.
Type locality. Brownsville, Cameron County, Texas.
Geogr. Distr. Coast region of Texas from Nueces Bay southward,
and the lower Rio Grande Valley as far at least as Del Rio, Val Verde
County, sporadically northward to San Antonio; Matamoros, State
of Tamaulipas, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Like D. mesamericana, but tail relatively longer;
nasals longer, usually terminating posteriorly in an acute angle.
Color. Like D. mesamericana.
Measurements. Total length, 698-820; tail, 255-410; tarsus,
58-73. Skull: total length, 95-128; basal length, 87-117; zygomatic
width, 46-70; length of nasals, 41-57; palatal length, 53—70; length of
upper molar series, 19-21.
b.—tabascensis (Didelphis!), Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., rgor,
Pp. 173.
TABASCO Opossum.
Type locality. Teapa, State of Tabasco, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. State of Vera Cruz to that of Tabasco, and across
State of Chiapas, Mexico, to northern Guatemala.
Genl. Char. Nasals long, terminating posteriorly in a pointed
angle; color similar to D. mesamericana; tail long.
Color. Apparently not different from the typical form, except
that the under parts are yellowish. <A black and gray phase exists.
Measurements. Total length, 684-1017; tail, 318-463; tarsus,
57-75. Skull: total length, 90-139; basal length, 82-122; zygo-
matic width, 45—-62.5; length of nasals, 43.5-60; across postorbital
processes, 21-26; interorbital constriction, ro.5—13.3; mastoid breadth,
26-42; palatal length, 53—76.5; length of upper molar series, 19—20.6.
15. richmondi (Didelphis!), Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., rgor,
Pp: 175.
DIDELPHYS. 17
auriia (Didelphys), Alston, Biol. Centr. Amer. Mamm., 1, 1881,
p- 197. (nec Wied.)
RicHMOND’s Opossum. Zorro in Costa Rica.
Type locality. Greytown, Nicaragua.
Geogr. Distr. Nicaragua and Costa Rica.
Genl. Char. Base of under fur orange buff; tail long. Skull:
long, narrow; nasals long.
Color. Sides of head to base of ears pale buffy white; median
stripe black; black band from ear to whiskers; cheeks buffy white;
nape and shoulders black; the long hairs black on anterior part of
body, white on posterior part; under fur with black tip, then yellow-
ish white, and orange buff at base; under parts buffy, base of hair
brownish yellow; legs, hands, and feet black, nails yellowish white;
tail black on basal half, remainder flesh color; ears black.
Measurements. Total length, 948; tail, 477; tarsus, 70. Skull:
total length, 114; nasals, 54; zygomatic width, 55; across postorbital
processes, 25; interorbital constriction, 11.5; mastoid breadth, 32.5;
palatal length, 65; length of upper molar series, 37.4.
marsupialis insularis (Didelphis!), Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat.
Pist,, 1902, Pp. 250.
IsLAND Opossum.
Type locality. Caparo, Island of Trinidad.
Geogr. Distr. Islands of Dominica, Grenada, and St. Vincent,
West Indies. Trinidad.
Genl. Char. Lighter in color than true D. mesamericana, and
larger in size.
Color. Head yellowish white to nape, orbital ring brownish; long
hairs of top of head tipped with dusky; under fur yellowish white,
the coarser hair tipped with blackish; at base over nape and shoulders
brownish ochraceous; long stiff overhair wholly white, or wholly
black, or mixed black and white, evidently an individual peculiarity.
Under parts yellow or yellowish white, tips of some hairs blackish;
arms from elbows and legs from knees, blackish brown; tail naked,
proximal third blackish brown, apical two-thirds flesh color or
whitish; ears blackish brown.
Measurements. Total length, 810-955; tail, 425-465; hind foot,
55-66; ear, 55-65. Skull: total length, 1ror—11o; basal length, 91-101;
zygomatic breadth, 61-63.5; postorbital breadth, 21-24; occipital
breadth, 30-32; length of nasals, 47-50; breadth at canines, 19-20;
upper tooth row, 33-36.
marsupialis battyi (Didelphis!), Thomas, Novitat. Zoél., 1x, 1902,
P- 137-
18 DIDELPHYS.
Batty’s Opossum.
Type locality. Coiba Island, West Coast of Panama.
Genl. Char. Similar to D. m. cauce, but face dark with white
spots about the supraorbital and malar tufts of bristles.
Color. Like D. m. cauce. Face dark, spotted with white; tail
white for less than half the length, the basal fifth being like the
body; rest of pelage like that of D. m. cauce, but without light
dorsal bristles.
Measurements. Head and body, 430; tail, 390; hind foot, 57, to
end of claws, 63; ear, 50 (skin). Skull: greatest median length, 108;
basal length, 100; greatest breadth, 52.5; length of three upper
molariform teeth, 18.4.
marsupialis etensis (Didelphis!), Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.,
EGO, | ae a.
carcinophaga cauce, Bangs, Amer. Nat., xxxv, Igor, p. 633.
(nec Allen.)
ETEN Opossum.
Type locality. Eten, Piura, Peru. Altitude, 50 feet.
Geogr. Distr. Low coast belt of Ecuador and Peru, bordering the
Gulf of Guayaquil and probably northward near the coast to Chiriqui,
Panama; San Miguel Island, Bay of Panama.
Color. Similar to D. m. cauce, but larger and blacker. Rostral
region to the eyes, dingy brownish white, hairs tipped with blackish;
whitish streak over ears meeting in front; middle of head from eyes
posteriorly blackish; orbital ring blackish; ears and feet black; tail
black for basal third; remainder yellowish white.
Measurements. Total length, 730-930; tail, 330-450; hind foot,
56-67; ear, 52-60; Skull: total length, 102-122; basal length, 92-118;
nasals, 45-57.5; zygomatic breadth, 58-64; postorbital breadth, 23-28;
postorbital constriction, 11-12; occipital breadth, 31-35.5; breadth
at canines, 19-25; length of upper tooth row, 34.5-36; length of
molar series, 19-20.
Order II. Edentata. Edentates.
The Order EpENTATA contains certain mammals of an inferior
organization, and with various forms of body covering beside that
of hair. The designation, Toothless, is not altogether correct as
applied to the various species, for, while some, like the Anteaters and
Pangolins, are destitute of teeth, others, as the Sloths, Armadillos,
etc., are provided with them, although the incisors are wanting in
all. The Sloths, so-called on account of their slow movement, have
a thick covering of coarse, bristly hair, and the fingers and toes of
the different species are armed with long prehensile claws, by means
of which the animals maintain their position suspended from the
limbs of trees. While the color of the Sloth’s coat is generally some
shade of gray, it is not infrequently tinged with green caused by a
growth upon the hair of an algous plant whose vitality is stimulated
by the dampness of the forest in which the animals dwell, and is a
means of harmonizing them with the leaves and so affording conceal-
ment from all enemies, as creatures without recognizable form,
suspended amid the branches. Although very helpless when upon
the ground, Sloths make an attempt to defend themselves by trying
to seize and strangle their enemies, and sometimes they succeed in
doing this, or inflict serious wounds with their sharp, hook-like claws.
Their food is composed of leaves, buds, and young shoots of various
trees, some species exhibiting a desire for certain kinds only. Among
the branches the Sloths frequently move with considerable rapidity,
but on the ground their progress is slow and performed with difficulty.
These animals rarely emit any sound, but on provocation will make
a curious grunting noise, or at other times disturb the stillness of the
forest by a long-drawn, shrill, wail-like cry, expressive of the loneli-
ness of their monotonous life.
Fam. Il. Bradypodidze. Sloths.
Head rounded; neck short; fore limbs very long, exceeding hind
limbs in length; tail short or absent; hand with two or three claws,
feet always with three claws; teeth subcylindrical; ears inconspic-
uous; body clothed with long crisp hair.
6. Choloepus.
Teeth = 18)
4-4
Choloepus Illiger, Prodr. Syst. Mamm. et Av., 1811, p. 108. Type
Bradypus didactylus Linneus.
19
20 CHOLOEPUS.
Two digits with strong claws on hand, three toes on foot; anterior
teeth in both jaws large, separated from the others by a diastema,
the upper teeth passing in front of the lower when the jaws are
closed; cervical vertebrae, six; pterygoid swollen.
Fig. 4. CHOLOEPUS HOFFMANNI.
No 112 Field Columbian Mus, Coll. % nat. size.
16. hoffmanni (Choloepus), Peters, Monatsb. K. Preuss. Ak. Wiss.
Berlin, 1858, p. 128:
HOFFMANN’S SLotH. Perico Lajero in Costa Rica.
Type locality. Costa Rica.
Geogr. Distr. Costa Rica, Central America.
Genl. Char. Those of the genus.
Color. Face and top of head yellowish white, grading into
vellowish brown on the body above; arms and legs dark brown;
under parts pale brown.
CHOLOEPUS. $ BRADYPUS. 21
Measurements. Total length about 70o (mounted specimen).
Skull: total length, ror.5; palatal arch to incisive foramina, 35;
zygomatic width, 64; interorbital constriction, 34; across postorbital
processes, 53; mastoid width, 45; length of nasals, 37; length of upper
tooth row, 23.5; length of mandible, 77; height at condyle, 22; at
coronoid process, 28; length of lower tooth row, 2r.
Fic. VI. CHOLOEPUS HOFFMANNI. HOFFMANN’S SLOTH
%. Bradypus.
S$ — 78.
4—4
Bradypus Linn., Syst. Nat., 1
dactylus Linneus.
Ignavus Frisch, Nat. Syst. vierfiiss. Thiere, in Tabellen, Tab. Gen.
1775;
Arctopithecus Gray, Proc. Zodl. Soc., L87t, ps 446,
, 1758, p. 34. Type Bradypus tr-
Arms longer than legs; bones of forearm free; three digits on
hand, and threé toes on foot, terminating in pointed claws forming
a hook; both hands and feet are very narrow and the claws cannot
22 BRADYPUS.
be separated. Teeth rather small, anterior tooth in the upper jaw
smaller than the rest, and none projecting much beyond the others.
Superior outline of skull greatly arched; nasals short, broad, pointed
posteriorly; interpterygoid fossa very broad and deep; palate nar-
rowed posteriorly; arch rounded. Cervical vertebre, nine; some-
times the eighth, and always the ninth, bear short ribs. Windpipe
folded on itself before reaching the lungs. Mamme two, pectoral.
Fic. 5. BRADYPUS INFUSCATUS.
No. 2824 Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. Coll. 3 nat. size.
KEY ‘TO: THE SPECIES:
A. Dorsal patch yellow with black central streak. PAGE
a. Forehead, cheeks, and chin reddish brown. B. castaneiceps 22
b. Forehead, cheeks, and chin dark brown..... B. infuscatus 23
17. castaneiceps (Arctopithecus), Gray, Proc. Zoél. Soc., 1871, Pp. 444.
CHESTNUT-HEADED SLotH. Camaleon in Nicaragua.
Type locality. Chontales, Nicaragua.
Geogr. Distr. Nicaragua, Central America.
BRADYPUS. 23
Genl. Char. Fur long; dorsal patch large; angle of mandible
broad, rounded terminally, and projecting greatly beyond condyle.
Color. ‘“‘Fur gray brown, intermixed with white hairs. Face,
forehead, cheeks, and chin reddish brown; the under part of the body
is pale brownish white; the sides of the neck have a long ruff of recurved
dark brown hair darker than that of the face. The shoulders and
hinder part of back are varied with large patches of whitish hair.
Fic. VIl. BRADYPUS CASTANEICEPS. CHESTNUT-HEADED SLOTH.
The middle of the back between the shoulders has a very large patch
of soft yellow hair, with a well-marked, narrow, black central streak,
which commences with a triangular black spot on the upper edge
of the yellow patch, and is continued into the white part of the fur
on the loins.”’ (Gray,1.c.) It is stated that when alive this sloth
is a grayish green color.
Measurements. Total length, 525; tail, 25. (ex Type, Brit. Mus.
Oldfield Thomas in litt.)
18. infuscatus (Bradypus), Wagl., Isis, 1831, Peonn:
griseus, Gray,*Proc. Zodl. Soc., 1871, p. 446.
24 BRADYPUS. CYCLOPES.
Dusky SLOTH.
Type locality. Western Brazil.
Geogr. Distr. Costa Rica, Central America, to Brazil and Bolivia.
Genl. Char. Fur long; both sexes with a dark dorsal spot.
Color. Upper parts of head dark brown; forehead, cheeks and
chin white, or yellowish white; black band across forehead, and one
through eye; dorsal patch pale yellow with a black central band,
whitish towards edge and spotted with brown; rest of pelage grayish
white; under fur white spotted with brown.
Measurements. Head and body, 580 (cotype of B. griseus, Gray,
in Brit. Mus., O. Thomas in litt.). Skull: total length, 74; zygomatic
width, 46; interorbital constriction, 23.5; palatal arch to end of
palatal floor, 21.5; length of nasals, 18; length of upper tooth row,
25.5; length of mandible, 54; height of condyle, 27.5; at coronoid
process, 31; length of lower tooth row, 21.5.
The Anteaters, as their name implies, are insectivorous, some of
the species subsisting mainly if not entirely upon ants, and as they
are destitute of teeth, the insects are captured by the long vermiform
tongue, which is covered with a viscid secretion from the maxillary
glands, that causes the ants to adhere to it. There are three groups
of Anteaters, separated by prominent and distinctive characters,
and the species range in size from the Great Anteater, four feet in
length without counting the huge tail, to the small arboreal species
not larger than a rat. The Great Anteater, Myrmecophaga tridactyla,
is strictly terrestrial in its habits, and the fingers are armed with
powerful claws, with which it tears apart the nests of the ants and
draws the insects into its mouth by means of the flexible tongue.
The species of the other genera, CycLopes and TAMANDUA, are in
the first, strictly, and in the latter, only partly arboreal. When
walking the toes have their points turned inwards, and the weight
is supported by a pad on the fifth digit, while the soles of the hind
feet are placed on the ground. The rostrum is greatly prolonged,
and the mouth is small and tubular.
Fam. Il. Myrmecophagidz. Anteaters.
Head conical, elongate, mouth small. Teeth absent. Ribs flat,
dilated on outer side. Body covered with hair.
8S. Cyclopes.
Cyclopes Gray, Lond. Med. Repos., xv, 1821, p. 305. Type Myr-
mecophaga didactyla Linneus.
CYCLOPES. PH:
Myrmydon Wagl., Nat. Syst. Amph., 1830, p. 36.
Dionyx I. Geoff., Rés. Lecons. Mamm., Mus. Paris, 1835, p. 54.
Mageves i. Cuv,, Dict. Sciem..Nat., LIX, 1829, p. 50r.
Myrmecolichnus Reich., K. Sich. Naturh. Mus. Dresden, Ein
Leitfaden, 1836, p. 51.
Eurypterna Glog., Hand-u. Hilfsb. Naturg., 1841, pp. XXXI, 112.
Cyclothurus Less., Nouv. Tabl. Regn. Anim., 1846, p. 152.
Didactyla Liais, Climats, Géol. Faun. Géog. Botanique Brésil,
Loy 2): ps, 350-
Fig. 6. CYCLOPES DORSALIS.
No. 16957 Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. Coll. Nat. size.
Skull short and arched; palatines and pterygoids not meeting in
middle line; canal for posterior nares not closed below; coronoid
narrow, recurved, with angular process well developed; third digit
of hand much longer than the others, the distal phalange is com-
pressed, curved, pointed, and armed with a strong curved claw;
hallux of hind foot rudimentary and contained within the skin. Ribs
dilated. Habits strictly arboreal.
19. dorsalis (Cyclothurus), Gray, Proc. Zoél. Soc., 1865, p. 385, pl. 19.
LITTLE OR Two-TOED ANTEATER.
Type locality. Costa Rica.
Geogr. Distr. Guatemala through Central America to South
America.
Genl. Char. Distinctly defined broad dorsal streak; feet and
tail, yellow.
Color. General hue golden yellow tinged in places with chestnut ;
dorsal stripe black or blackish chestnut; tail, hands, and feet, golden
yellow; back and sides sometimes washed with black; black patch
on center of breast.
26 CYCLOPES. TAMANDUA.
Measurements. Total length, 400; tail, 205; hind foot, 34. Skull:
occipito-nasal length, 50; greatest breadth of braincase, 24; median
length of nasals, 13; lateral length of nasals, 14; interorbital constric-
tion, 8.5; length of single half of mandible, 32.
Fic. VIII. CYCLOPES DORSALIS. LITTLE OR TWO-TOED ANTEATER.
9, Tamandua.,
Tamandua Frisch, Nat. Syst. vierfiiss. Thiere, in Tabellen, 5 Tab.
Gen. 1775. Less., Nouv. Tabl. Régn. Anim., Mamm., 1842,
p. 1§2. Gray, Proc. Zodl. Soc., 1865, p. 383. Type Myrmeco-
phaga tetradactyla Linneus.
Tamanduas, F. -Cuv.,. Dict, Scien, (Nati, Stix yerea0; (p. sen.
Uroleptes Wagl., Nat. Syst. Amphib., 1830, p. 36.
Palatine and pterygoid bones united beneath the nasal canal for
the whole length. Fur of body and tail short, bristly. Tail tapering,
prehensile. Skull long, slender; nose nearly as long as braincase.
Habits mainly arboreal.
KEY TO THE SPECIES.
A. Tail scaly, scantily haired. PAGE
a. Tail buff at base; rest mixed yellow and
DICE gh ach hos dwn eo T. tetradactyla 27
b. Tail straw Goleot.i 3+ ee eee eee T. sellata 28
TAMANDDA. 27
20. tetradactyla (Myrmecophaga), Linn., Syst. Nat., 1, 1758, p. 35.
myosura Pall., Miscell., 1766, p. 64.
Ursine Anteater Griff., Anim. King., 111, 1827, p. 304, pl.
crispus Rupp., Mus. Senck., 111, 1845, p. 179.
bivittata Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1865, p. 384.
Fig. 7. TAMANDUA TETRADACTYLA.
No, 369 Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. Coll. 4 nat. size.
THREE-TOED ANTEATER. Tejon, Oso Colmenero in Costa Rica.
Type locality. ‘‘America meridionali.” Brazil?
Geogr. Distr. Mexico, through Central America to Peru and
Paraguay, South America.
Genl. Char. Tail long
g, apical half scaly; nose lengthened; claws
strong.
Color. Head, neck, throat, stripe down back ending in a point
on the loins, shoulders, arms and outer side of hind legs yellowish
white, sometimes a deep buff; nose, broad stripe to and including
28 TAMANDUA.
the eye, narrow bar on occiput, stripe from front of neck over
shoulder, inner side of hind legs and rest of body, black; tail
sparsely haired towards tip, yellowish or deep buff at base, mixed
yellow and black hairs on remaining part; toes grayish.
Fig. IX. TAMANDUA TETRADACTYLA. ADULT.
THREE-TOED ANTEATER.
FiG. X. TAMANDUA TETRADACTYLA. YOUNG.
THREE-TOED ANTEATER.
Measurements. Total length, rogo; tail, 460 (mounted specimen).
Skull: occipito-nasal length, 125; zygomatic width, 43; interorbital
constriction, 25.5; mastoid width, 34; median length of nasals, 41;
length of mandible, 107.
21. sellata (Myrmecophaga), Cope, Amer. Nat., xx11I, 1889, p. 123,
Feb’y.
SADDLE-BACK ANTEATER.
Type locality. Honduras.
TAMANDUA. MYRMECOPHAGA, 29
Geogr. Distr. Honduras to French Guiana (?), South America;
exact range unknown.
Genl. Char. Tail equal to head and body; hairs on extremity sparse.
Color. Band from forearm over the shoulder joining a large
patch covering back and sides, black; narrow median band, thighs,
rump, and tail straw color; front of eye dusky.
Measurements. Total length, 915; tail, 515.
10. *Myrmecophaga.
Myrmecophaga Linn., Syst.
Nabiac hA50,> O. 315:
Type Myrmecophaga
tridactyla Linneus.
Falcifer Rehn., Am. Nat.,
MEKIV, LOCO, p. 576:
Head very long; mouth
tubular, small; tongue very
long, vermiform; hand has
third digit greatly developed,
and armed with a long, fal-
cate claw; all digits armed
with claws except the fifth;
foot with five unequal digits
with claws; tail very long,
not prehensile, equaling the
body in length, covered with
very long hair; ears small,
oval, erect; eyessmall. Skull
elongate, narrow, cylindri-
form, and smooth on the
superior surface; nares ter-
minal; zygomatic arch in-
complete.
22. tridactyla (Myrmecopha-
ga) Linn., Syst. Nat.,
op soy Ds sis.
jubata Linn., Syst. Nat.,
IeelmOOe Dn 162.
GREAT ANTEATER. Oso Real
in Costa Rica.
* See Thomas, Amer. Nat., Fic. 8. MYRMECOPHAGA TRIDACTYLA.
XXXV, p. 143. No, 115 Field Columbian Mus, Coll. % nat. size.
30 MYRMECOPHAGA.
Type locality. Brazil.
Geogr. Distr. Guatemala to Brazil.
Genl. Char. Size large; tail very large, about as long as head
and body, covered with long hairs; claws strong, curved.
Color. Nose, head, back, loins, and tail covered with coarse hairs
that are white at base, then brownish or black and tipped with buff;
throat patch ending in a point on breast; stripe over shoulder end-
ing in a point on the loins; broad band on forearms above hands;
legs and under parts, black; rest of body, shoulders, breast, arms,
and stripe from beneath ears to loins above the black, grayish
white; white hairs on toes.
Fic. Xl. MYRMECOPHAGA TRIDACTYLA. GREAT ANTEATER.
Measurements. Total length to end of hairs on tail, 2500; tail
to end of hairs, 1130. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 370; zygomatic
width, 56; interorbital constriction, 43; median length of nasals, 150;
lateral length of nasals, 171; length of mandible, 320.
The Armadillos are remarkable for their ossified skin, formed by
the union of numerous variously shaped scales into a bony armor
protecting the body, head, and limbs. In some extinct species this
covering was entire, but in the living animals it is divided into three
regions, the anterior, median, and posterior portions, the muddle
section consisting of a varying number of rings connected by a
flexible skin to permit a curvature of the body. The inner surface
of the limbs, and underside of the body is covered by a soft skin.
Hairs often project between the bony scutes, and the skin-covered
parts are more or less hairy. Fore feet with strong claws, upon the
ea
Eps
Cee 5 La
Coren
a a 5 dite i.
e
FIELD COLUMBIAN MUSEUM. PLATE Ill, ZOOLOGY.
2
Try. Lod
ee a
ae
CABASSOUS CENTRALIS.
No. 35382 U.S. Nat. Mus. Coll. Nat. size. Type.
CABASSOUS. 31
tips of which some species walk, while the soles of the hind feet are
placed flat upon the ground. The tongue is long, pointed and
capable of being extended.
Armadillos are harmless, nocturnal, and omnivorous, provided with
numerous simple teeth that, excepting in one genus, are not shed.
They are capable of running with considerable swiftness, and when
frightened or attacked, they roll the body into a ball, presenting
nothing but the bony armor to their enemies.
Fam. Ill. Dasypodidz. Armadillos.
Subfam. I. Dasypodine.
Head narrow; snout long, narrow, obliquely truncate; pterygoids
meeting below nasal passage; ears long, ovate, erect, placed on
occiput, contiguous; bony carapace covering the elongate, narrow
body, having six to twelve movable rings on the center and sides;
tail long, tapering, the dermal scutes forming distinct rings. Front
feet with four toes, hind feet with five, the nails strong, curved,
pointed.
11. Cabassous.
&—8 9-9
88 or
ee ale Wes 36.
Cabassous McMurtrie, Cuv., Anim. King., 1, 1831, p. 164. Type
Dasypus unicinctus Linneus.
Xenurus, Wagl., Nat. Syst. Amph., 1830, p. 36. (nec Boie, Aves,
1826.)
Arizostus Glog., Hand-u. Hilfsb. Naturg. 1, 1841, pp. XXII, 114.
Tatoua Gray, Proc. Zodél. Soc., 1865, p. 378.
Intermediate bands, twelve, broader than long; fore feet with
five toes; claws large, strong; tail long, tuberculate.
=o
<eee
>
wees &.
¢
5
j
Fic. XIl. CABASSOUS CENTRALIS. MILLER’S ARMADILLO.
32 CABASSOUS. TATU.
23. centralis (Jatoua), Miller, Proc. Biol. Soc., Wash., x11, 1899
PP. 4, 7-
cinereus hispidus True, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., xvii1, 1896, p. 345.
MILLER’S ARMADILLO.
Type locality. Chamelicon, Honduras.
Geogr. Distr. Honduras, Central America, range unknown.
Genl. Char. Small; plates in central rings of carapace, 29-31;
occipital region of skull little elevated; zygomata, as seen from above,
nearly parallel with each other and main axis of skull; hamular
processes of pterygoids neither thickened nor bent inward at tips.
Crown shields about 38; less than a dozen small, scattered scales on
cheek. Scapular shield with 7 or 8 rows, the longest with 28 plates;
dorsal rings 10, the longest containing 29-31 plates. (ex Miller, 1. c.)
Color. Above brownish black; lower edge of carapace yellowish;
under parts light yellow; legs and face apparently flesh color; tail
brownish black, tip yellowish; claws light yellow. (Skin.)
Measurements. Totallength, about 505; tail, 148. Skull: occipito-
nasal length, 80; zygomatic width, 43; mastoid width, 31; palatal
arch to middle of fourth molar, 16; median length of nasals, 23;
lateral length of nasals, 23; length of upper tooth row, 26; length of
mandible, 61; length of lower tooth row, 22.
The Armadillos of the next genus are characterized by the nearly
symmetrical toes on the fore feet, the second and third being longest
and subequal, and the first and fourth also subequal and only
slightly shorter; fifth toe obsolete. One species only, the Nine-
banded Armadillo, penetrates the limits of the United States, and
has a most extensive distribution from Texas to Paraguay. Several
species belong to this genus, one of which, found on the Pampas of
South America, from the shape of its head and the length of its ears,
is known as the Mule Armadillo, or Mulita. (7. hybrida.)
Subfam. Il. Tatuinse.
12. Tatu.
Tatu Frisch, Nat. Syst. vierfiiss. Thiere, in Tabellen, 5 Tab. Gen.
1775. Jd. Blumenb., Handl. Naturg., 1799, p. 73. Type Dasy-
pus novemcinctus Linnzeus.
Tatusta Less., Man. de Mamm., 1827, p. 309.
Cachicamus McMurtrie, G. Cuv., Anim. Kingd., 1, 1831, p. 163.
TATU. 33
Mammez two pair, one pectoral, one inguinal. Seven to nine
movable rings in center or on sides of bony carapace. Fore toes
nearly symmetrical. Milk teeth two-rooted, changed only when the
animal has attained its full growth.
Fic. 9. TATU NOVEMCINCTUM.
Field Columbian Mus, Coll. Nat. size.
24. novemcinctum (Dasypus) Linn., Syst. Nat., 1, 1758, p. 51. 1,
£700; p.. 51.
octo-cinctus (Linn.), Schrieb. Siugeth., 11,1775, p. 222, tab. LxxIII,
ase V1.
peba Desm., Mamm., 1820, p. 368.
longicaudus Wied, Breit. Naturg. Bras., 11, 1825, p. 531.
mexicanus fenestratus Peters, Monatsb. Akad. Wiss. Berl., 1864,
p. 180.
34 TATU.
leptorhyncha Gray, Handl. Edent., 1873, p. 14, pl. 2, figs. 3, 4.
novemcinctus (Cabassous), Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1got, p. 4.
NINE-BANDED ARMADILLO. Armado, Encubterto in Mexico and Cen-
tral America.
Type locality. ‘‘America meridionali.”’ Brazil(?)
Geogr. Distr. Texas, through Mexico and Central America to
Paraguay.
Genl. Char. Shield with eight movable rings in the middle, and
nine on the sides; tail as long as body without head, covered by
twelve rings and not enveloped in a cone; molars, 32.
Fic. XII]. TATU NOVEMCINCTUM. NINE-BANDED ARMADILLO.
Color. Bare skin on face flesh color with a few scattered yel-
lowish hairs; head shield pale brown, that on the back black;
scales on sides yellowish white; ears brown, toes yellowish with
white claws; tail brownish black, the anterior half of scales
yellowish white.
Measurements. Total length, 237; tail vertebre, 90; hind foot,
31; ear, 22. Skull: total length, 70; zygomatic width, 32; across
postorbital processes, 22; length of nasals, 17; length of upper tooth
row, 16; length of mandible, 56; length of lower tooth row, 18.
Order III. Sirenia. Sirenians.
The Sirenians are mammals constituted especially for an aquatic
life, and formerly were confounded with the Cetaceans, with which,
however, they have no relationship. Like the members of the Order
CeracEa, the Sirenians have no hind limbs, and those on the forward
part of the body have been transformed into paddles, and the tail
has been expanded into a flattened rudder.
The head is of the ordinary mammal type, being small for the
body, with a rounded superior outline, but the nostrils are provided
with flaps that open and close at the will of the animal. There are
no fins. The eye is small, and the ear has no external conch. Thick
lips, provided with a number of bristly hairs, cover the small mouth,
and the skin of the body is thick, with sometimes hair distributed
sparsely over it. The female has two pectoral mamme. ‘Teeth are
entirely absent in some species, like Steller’s Sea-Cow, but others
have both incisors and molars. The bones of the skeleton are
massive and dense, the skull being remarkable in this respect. Collar
and nasal bones are absent and there is no sacrum, but the pelvis
is represented by a pair of small bones. The two bones of the fore-
arm are usually ankylosed at the extremities, and the digits are five
in number. The lungs extend backward nearly to the last rib and
are very narrow. Rough, horny plates cover the symphysis of the
mandible, and the surface of the tongue is similar to these plates.
Three species of Manatee are included in the family, one of which,
Steller’s Sea-Cow (Hydrodamalis gigas), is now extinct. This animal,
the largest of all, was from twenty to twenty-eight feet in length,
and at the time when Steller visited Bering Sea in 1741, was very
numerous around Bering and Copper Islands. The flesh, unfortu-
nately, was found to be highly palatable, far superior to salt pork,
and the sailors slaughtered the inoffensive beasts, until the last one
was killed in 1768. No skin has been preserved, and a collection of
bones in St. Petersburg and Washington alone remain to show what
kind of animal it was. Two living species of Manatee remain in the
New World, one, 7. manatus, in southern North America; the
other, 7. inunguts, restricted to the rivers Amazon and Orinoco, in
South America. In the Old World, one, 7. senegalensis, is confined
to West Africa in the district comprised between 10°—16° latitude,
and 20°—27° longitude. East Africa, Australia, Ceylon, and islands in
the Bay of Bengal, the Indo-Malay Archipelago and the Philippines
possess the Dugong, more a marine animal than the Manatee, which
35
36 TRICHECHUS,
is found chiefly in the rivers. Three species of Dugong have been
recognized: H. tabernaculi, from the Red Sea, H. dugong, from the
Indian Seas, and H. australis, from Australia. In disposition these
animals are gentle and inoffensive, feeding on water plants and
grasses, and formerly, before their numbers were so greatly reduced
by man, were met with in herds composed of various families, and
in the case of Steller’s Sea-Cow the herds were of great size.
Fam. l. Triechechidze. Manatees.
13. *Trichechus.
6-6 I1I—I1
. S—eeuOienwe
ML =e tO ce S99 OF 52,
_
Nib
>
2
Trichechus Linn., Syst. Nat., 1
manatus Linneeus.
Manatus Brunn., Zool. Fund., 1772, pp. 34, 38, 39; Jd. Scopoli,
Intr. Hist. Nat., 1777, p. 490; Jd. Storr, Prodr., Meth. Mamm.,
E789, De 40s
1758, p. 34. Type Trichechus
’
Fic. XIV. TRICHECHUS MANATUS. MANATEE.
* If the tenth edition, 1758, of Linn. Syst. Nat., is taken as a starting point
for nomenclature then the generic term for the Manatee would be TrIcHECHUS,
and for the walrus, OboB.&NuUs (ODONTOB&NUS), Briss.,1760. Should Brisson’s
name be rejected, as it probably ought to be, then Rosmarus, Scopoli, 1777,
would be the proper name for the Walrus. But if the twelfth edition is the
starting point, then TricnEcuus stands for the Walrus and Manarus for the
Manatees.
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FIELD COLUMBIAN MUSEUM. PLATE IV, ZOOLOGY,
TRICHECHUS MANATUS.
No. 49 Field Columbian Mus. Coll. 4% nat, size.
ee ee ee ee
FIELD COLUMBIAN MUSEUM.
TRICHECHUS MAN
No. 49 Field Columbian Mus.
TRICHECHUS. 37
Skull arched, descending rapidly anteriorly from frontals to
nasals; zygomata large and massive; jugal greatly developed. Orbit
small, prominent, almost inclosed by bone; anterior nares lozenge-
shaped, extending behind orbits. The mandible is massive, with a
horny plate attached anteriorly, which supplies the place of teeth.
Molar teeth in both jaws similar in character, square enameled
crowns elevated into transverse tuberculate ridges; those in the
upper rows having two ridges and three roots, those in the lower
three ridges and two roots.
25. manatus (T77ichechus), Linn., Syst. Nat., 1, 1758, p. 34.
manatus (Manatus), Linn., Syst. Nat., 1, 1766, p. 49.
latirostris (Manatus), Harl., Journ. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil., 1824,
p.iii. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 6.
australis Tilesius, Jahrb. Naturg., 1, 1802, p. 23.
americanus Desm., Dict. Hist. Nat., 1817, p. 262, pl. 96. (Part.)
fluviatilis Schreb., Saugeth. Suppl., 1846, pl. 379.
MaNnaTEE. Vacca de Agua, in Guatemala.
Type locality. East coast of Florida near the Cape.
Geogr. Distr. Florida coast to Yucatan, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Those of the genus.
Color. Grayish black over all the body.
Measurements. Total length, 2268. Skull: total length, 380;
zygomatic width, 220; interorbital constriction, 70; palatal arch to
end of palatal floor, 155; length of mandible, 215; height at coronoid
process, 135.
Order IV. Cetacea. Cetaceans.
The CETACEANS, abounding in all the seas of the Globe, and also
even in some of the larger rivers of both Hemispheres, live entirely
in the water, in which their young are brought forth; and they never
appear upon the land unless accidentally thrown upon the beach by
the waves. The Order contains the largest of living mammals, the
Yellow-bellied Whale, B. suljurea, measuring ninety-five feet in length
and weighing one hundred and forty-seven tons. Dependent upon air
received into the lungs for respiration, whales are forced to rise at
intervals to the surface, when the lungs are emptied with considerable
force, causing a cloud of vapor to be lifted high in the air, which
gives rise to the term “‘spouting”’ or “‘blowing,’’ and by this act the
animal betrays its presence to the whaler. Admiurably adapted to a
life in the water, these animals, although possessing a fish-like form,
have an entire structure characteristic of the Mammalia. The
Cetacea have two anterior limbs, and traces of a hinder pair. The
forward pair is covered with a leathery skin, in shape like a flat-
tened paddle, while the hinder limbs are not visible externally.
Within the body there are indications of a pelvis, and two small
bones that may represent the ischia. From want of use in the
element in which they live, the hind limbs have become atrophied.
The stomach, like that of the ruminants, is complex, and divided
into several compartments, varying in number with the different
genera, from three or four in PHoc#Na to eight in Zipuius, while
the Sperm Whales have three, and the Whalebone Whales are stated
to have four. These last, comprising the family BALANIDAE, are
distinguished from the rest by the absence of teeth in both jaws,
although, singularly enough, these are present in the early develop-
ment of the embryo. The baleen, or so-called ‘“‘whalebone,”’ is a
series of flattened horny plates (varying in number, amounting in
some cases to as many as four hundred), which are placed on each
side of the palate, leaving an open middle space. They serve as
strainers, being in close proximity, and retain the small molluscs,
fish and other creatures, when the water that has been taken with
them into the mouth is ejected. The color of the baleen varies from
jet black through different shades to creamy white. Baleen Whales
are distinguished by their enormous heads, which are about one-
third the total length of the animal, a curved mouth extending
behind the blow-holes, apparently pigmy eyes (although they are
four times the size of those of an ox); short heavy pectoral fins, and
38
BALAENIDZ. 39
long baleen. The largest of these animals is the Bowhead, or Arctic
Right Whale, B. mysticetus, which yields more oil and a better
quantity of whalebone than any other species. Although huge in
bulk, its gullet is not over two inches in diameter, and its food consists
of microscopic organisms, millions of which are swallowed at a time.
It is emphatically an ice whale, living amid floes and vast fields of
ice of the Polar regions. Various species of these whales, arranged
under separate genera, frequent the different seas.
Fam. |l. Baleenidz. Baleen Whales.
F. W. True, On the nomenclature of the Whalebone Whales of the
tenth edition of Linneus, Systema Nature. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus.,
TS98, p: 617:
Fig. 10. BALANA GLACIALIS—BALEEN.
Riverside Nat. History.
Teeth absent in both jaws, present in foetal life; palate furnished
with whalebone. Rami of mandible greatly arched outward, meet-
ing at an angle at apex, there connected by fibrous tissues. Skull
symmetrical. First pair of ribs alone joined to the sternum; the
others are fastened to the vertebre by ligaments. Nasals roofing the
anterior nasal passages.
40 RHACHIANECTES. MEGAPTERA.
Fig. XV. BALEEN WHALE ATTACKED BY KILLER WHALES.
Riverside Nat. History.
14. Rhachianectes.
Rhachianectes Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil., 1869, p. 15.
Type A. glaucus Cope.
Head small, body elongate; pectoral fin narrow; no dorsal fin;
skin of throat smooth; baleen short and coarse.
26. glaucus (Agaphelus), Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil., 1869,
LTS.
glaucus (Rhachianectes) Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 9.
Gray WHALE.
Type locality. Coast of California.
Geogr. Distr. Coast of Lower California to north Pacific and
Arctic Oceans; Okhotsk and Bering Seas.
Genl. Char. Superior outline of head convex; size moderately
large.
Color. Mottled gray, sometimes blackish.
Measurements. Total length, 36 to 4o feet.
15. Megaptera.
Megaptera Gray, Erebus and Terror, Zodl., 1846, p. 16. Type
Balena boops Linneus.
Megapteron Gray, Erebus and Terror, Zodl., 1846, p. 61.
Kyphobalena Eschr., Nord. Wallth., 1849, p. 56.
7
ows
FIELD COLUMBIAN MUSEUM. PLATE VI, ZOOLOGY.
RHACHIANECTES GLAUCUS.
U.S. Nat. Mus. Coll.
FIELD COLUMBIAN MUSEUM. PLATE VII, ZOOLOGY.
RHACHIANECTES GLAUCUS.
U.S. Nat. Mus. Coll.
FIELD COLUMBIAN MUSEUM. PLATE VIII, ZOOLOGY.
RHACHIANECTES GLAUCUS.
U.S. Nat. Mus. Coll.
PLATE 1X, ZOOLOGY.
FIELD COLUMBIAN MUSEUM.
MEGAPTERA N. BELLICOSA
Acad. Nat. Sciences Coll
ho eee
rags)
’ |
PLATE X, ZOOLOGY,
FIELD COLUMBIAN MUSEUM.
MEGAPTERA N. BELLICOSA.
Acad, Nat. Sciences Coll,
PLATE XI, ZOOLOGY.
FIELD COLUMBIAN MUSEUM.
+ pope Sree tare
APTERA N. BELLICOSA.
Nat. Sciences Coll.
MEG
\cad.
MEGAPTERA. 41
Megapteropsis Van Ben., Res. Cét. Belgique, Nouv. Mem. Acad.
Brus, Toor, p. (38.
Pescopia Gray, Proc. Zodél. Soc., 1864, p. 207, fig. 3.
Head moderate; baleen short, broad; skin of throat plicate, or
folded; pectorals long and narrow, one-fourth of the entire length of
animal; dorsal low; vertebre, 53; cervical vertebre free, sometimes
ankylosed; nuchal arch high, subcircular; frontal broad.
REY TO THE SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES.
A. Upper parts black. PAGE
0 GMI Sli) ei a a M.n.bellicosa 41
MN UO tr sk cd betes A wis sie. bd ee eb ane M.versabilis 41
nodosa bellicosa (Megaptera), Cope, Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., x1, 1870,
pe 162,
FIGHTING WHALE.
Type locality. Vicinity of St. Bartholomew’s Island, West Indies.
Geogr. Distr. Carribean Sea, Gulf of Mexico, South Atlantic.
Genl. Char. Cranium similar to that of M. longimana; supra-
occipital with a deep median groove from foramen magnum to near
Superior surface. with a protuberance on each side near middle;
nasals in contact for much of their length, external beveled portion
concealed by maxille; otic bulla subcylindrical; ramus slender,
curved; coronoid process subtriangular, acuminate; first rib with
head simple; scapula simple.
Color. Above sooty black, under parts and pectoral fins beneath,
white spotted with black.
Measurements. Total length, 32 feet. Skull, total length, 9 feet;
fieeais, 11.5 inches; width of cranium behind orbits, 5 feet, 4
inches; ramus on curve, g feet, ro inches.
27. versabilis (Megaptera), Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil., 1869,
paras) Ediot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. ro.
Hump-BACKED WHALE.
Type locality. Northwest coast of America.
Geogr. Distr. North Pacific Ocean to Alaska.
Genl. Char. Pectoral fins between one-third and one-fourth the
total length; pectoral and gular folds, 26.
Color. Above black, and in the most typical form the belly ‘‘is
said to be entirely black.’’ (Cope,1.c.) External face of the pectorals
black.
42 BALA©NOPTERA.
The Finback Whales are numerous in species and are met with in
all seas except the Polar. Their baleen is short and of inferior
quality, and the amount of oil yielded by an individual is small, while
their activity makes them so difficult to capture that they do not
afford a sufficient recompense for the risk and labor, unless steam
vessels and harpoon guns are employed. They are known by various
names, such as Rorquals, Finbacks, Razor-backs, etc.
Subfam. |. Baleenopterine. Finback Whales.
16. Balenoptera.
Balznoptera Lacép., Hist. Nat. Cét., 1804, pp. XXXVI, XXXVII, 114-
141, pls. Iv, v. Type Balenoptera gibbar Desmoulins.
Physalus Lacép., Hist. Nat. Cét., 1804, pp. XL, 219-226.
Cetoptera Rafin., Analyse Nat., Adden., 1815, p. 219.
Benedenia Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1864, p. 211.
Sibbaldus Gray, Proc. Zodl. Soc., 1864, p. 222.
Sibbaldius Flower, Proc. Zoél. Soc., 1864, p. 391.
Cuviertus Gray, Cat. Seals, and Whales, 1866, p. 164, 1871, p. 54.
Head small, flat, pointed; body elongate; baleen short, broad;
pectoral small, narrow, pointed; dorsal small, faleate; cervical verte-
bre free; skin of throat wrinkled.
KEY LO STAE SPEGCRES:
A. Under parts white.
a. Width of flukes less than one-fourth total PAGE
LN OG aes ws Gates oe B. davidsont 42
b. Width of flukes one-fourth total length........ B. veltfera 43
Be Under'parts yellow ov. ssicaes ce a ee B. sulfurea 43
28. davidsoni (Balenoptera), Scamm., Proc. Calif. Acad. Scien., Iv,
1872, p. 269. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 12.
Davipson’s WHALE.
Type locality. Admiralty Inlet, Coast of Washington.
Geogr. Distr. West coast of North America, Mexico to Bering
Straits.
Genl. Char. Dorsal small, faleate; pectorals small, narrow:
baleen pure white. Laminz 270 on each side, not exceeding to feet
in length.
Color. Above dull black, beneath white; pectorals and caudal
black above, white beneath; a white band across pectorals near their
base; gular folds, 70, milky white, interspaces pinkish.
Measurements. Total length, 27 feet; pectorals, 4 feet 1 inch wide;
height of dorsal, 1o inches; width of flukes, 7 feet, 6 inches.
FIELD COLUMBIAN MUSEUM.
PLATE XII, ZOOLOGY.
BALANOPTERA DAVIDSONI.
U.S, Nat. Mus. Coll.
a)
"A ie a
ait
FIELD COLUMBIAN MUSEUM.
PLATE XIll, ZOOLOGY.
BALANOPTERA DAVIDSONI.
U.S. Nat. Mus, Coll.
FIELD COLUMBIAN MUSEUM. PLATE XIV, ZOOLOGY.
BALANOPTERA DAVIDSONI.
U.S. Nat. Mus. Coll.
oo a
Ahab
uae aw oie
7 ?
“its 4
Be ae
BALAENOPTERA. 43
29. velifera (Balenoptera), Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil., 1869,
pero. wiliot, ovo. No Am.Mamm., 190r,:p. 12.
CopEe’s WHALE.
Type locality. Shores of Oregon and California.
Geogr. Distr. North Pacific Ocean to Commander Islands.
Genl. Char. Size large; width of flukes one-fourth total length.
Color. Above black or blackish brown, beneath milky white;
baleen light lead color.
Measurements. Total length, 60 feet.
30. sulfurea (Sibbaldius), Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil., 1869,
p.n20:
sulfurea (Balenoptera) Elliot, Syn N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 14.
YELLOW-BELLIED WHALE.
Type locality. Northwest coast of America.
Geogr. Distr. North Pacific Ocean to Bering Sea.
Genl. Char. Body slender; pectorals small, short, ends rounded;
dorsal fin small, placed far back; baleen broad at base.
Color. Above light brown or brownish black, sometimes whitish;
beneath yellow or a sulphur hue; baleen black or bluish black.
Measurements. Total length, 95 feet; circumference, 39 feet;
length of mandible, 21 feet; longest baleen, 4 feet; weight of baleen,
800 pounds; estimated weight of animal, 147 tons. (Scammon.)
The toothed Cetacea embrace a large number of species included
in several families and genera, and are known by the common names
of Sperm Whales, Dolphins, Porpoises, etc. All of them yield a cer-
tain quantity of oil, and are objects of pursuit in all the seas they
inhabit. The greatest and most important species of all is, of course,
the Cachalot, or Sperm Whale, which, excepting the Whalebone Whales,
is the largest of living mammals, attaining at times a total length of
eighty feet or more, and individuals are frequently met with over
seventy feet. It is a very differently shaped animal from the Whale-
bone Whale, such as the Bowhead or Greenland Whale, for instance.
The huge head is a high, straight-sided mass cut off square in front,
and is about one-third the length of the body, and its great bulk is
chiefly caused by an immense accumulation around the narial pas-
sage of an oily substance which fills the great well on top of the head
and is known as spermaceti. In the intestines of this species is found
the valuable commodity known as ‘‘ambergris,’’ used in perfumery,
and this substance is also met with floating on the seas this whale
frequents. It is merely the ‘‘detained anal concretion of a diseased
44 PHYSETERIDA.
whale, and is, therefore, composed of the refuse matter of the cepha-
lopods that form its food.’’ Squids, cuttlefish, and octopi, large and
small, are eaten by the Sperm Whale, and the largest octopus that
ever lived, arrhed with its formidable beak, and long, disk-covered
arms, would be helpless when seized by the enormous jaws of this
mammal. The Sperm Whale goes in herds, at times of hundreds of
individuals, usually led by some old bulls. It has been known to
remain below after diving for more than an hour at a time, and it
requires about ten minutes to oxidize the blood after rising to the
surface, the animal respiring in that period about seventy times.
When alarmed, the Cachalot usually sinks at once, but occasionally
it will raise half of the body out of the water in the effort to see its
enemy. Hunting this whale is not without danger, and many a boat
and its crew have been destroyed by a blow from the tremendous
flukes.
Fam. Il. Physeteridz. Sperm Whales.
Upper jaw without functional teeth, those in the mandible
various, number often reduced. Pterygoids meeting on the median
line and hollowed on outer side. Transverse processes of the arches
Fig. 11. PHYSETER MACROCEPHALUS—LOWER JAW.
No. 296 Field Columbian Mus. Coll.
of dorsal vertebra cease near end of the series and are replaced at a
lower level by processes on the body. Costal cartilages not ossified.
Cranium elevated into a prominent crest behind the nares, and
asymmetrical around narial openings.
PHYSETER. 45
1%. Physeter.
o—o o—Oo
ans to 2525 40 to 50.
Physeter Linn., Syst. Nat., 1, 1758, p. 76. 1, 1766, p. 107. Type
Physeter macrocephalus Linneus.
Tursio Flem., Phil. Zodl., 11, 1822, p. 211. (nec Wagl. nec Gray.)
Upper teeth rudimentary; lower jaw with 20 to 25 on each side,
conical, pointed, and recurved; posterior and lateral edges of cranium
raised into a compressed semi-circular crest. Cranium above con-
cave; rostrum elongate, its base broad, thence tapering to the tip;
mandible long and narrow, the symphysis being more than half the
length of the ramus; vertebre, 50; zygomatic process of jugula thick,
massive.
Fig. XVI. PHYSETER MACROCEPHALUS. CACHALOT WHALE.
31. macrocephalus (Physeter), Linn., Syst. Nat., 1, 1758, p. 76,
i700. p.1078 Hihot, Syn, N, Am. Mainm., rg0r, p. 15.
CACHALOT. SPERM WHALE.
Type locality. North Atlantic.
Geogr. Distr. All seas.
Genl. Char. Size very large; head about one-third the length of
body, high, truncate, compressed in front; blow-hole longitudinal,
placed to the left of the median line on the upper end.
Color. Above black, shading gradually on the sides into the gray
of the under parts. Individuals sometimes are piebald.
Measurements. Total length of male, 55 to 60 feet; female much
smaller.
46 COGIA,
18. de aii
- , to ——. = 1§ to 24.
I2—12
Kogia! Gray, Voy. me and Terror, Zodl., 1846, p. 22. Type
Physeter breviceps Blainville.
“Teeth of the upper jaw absent, or reduced to a rudimentary
pair in front; in the lower jaw 9 to 12 on each side, rather long, slender,
pointed, and curved, with a coating of enamel. Upper surface of
cranium concave, with thick, raised posterior and lateral margins,
massive and rounded at their anterior terminations above the orbits.
Upper edge of the methesmoid forming a prominent sinous ridge, con-
stituting a kind of longitudinal septum to the base of the great supra-
cranial cavity. Rostrum not longer than the cranial portion of
the skull, broad at the base, and rapidly tapering to the apex. Ver-
tébre: C, 7, D. 13 or 14, L. and C, 30% total, 5o:.or gr. All the com
vical vertebre united by their bodies and arches.’’ (Flower.)
32. breviceps (Physeter), Blainv., Ann. Anat. Phys., 11, 1838, p. 337.
? flowert Gill, Amer. Nat., tv, 1871, p. 738, fig. 172.
breviceps (Cogia) Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., Suppl., 1901, p. 479.
PicMy SPERM WHALE.
Type locality. Cape of Good Hope.
Geogr. Distr. Indian and Pacific Oceans, coast of southern Cali-
fornia, possibly of Mexico, and Atlantic coast of North America.
Genl. Char. Blainville’s description of a skull of this species in
the Paris Museum, from an individual taken at the Cape of Good
Hope, translated, is as follows: ‘‘Skull extremely wide and greatly
elevated, having the frontal crests very high and consequently the
nasal cavities very deep, something like those of the Cachalots, and
terminate abruptly by the very short and pointed maxillz, therefore
the total length is barely an inch greater than the occipital Jength. Sah
The lower jaw has hecessarily, two branches approaching each other
evenly, like a bellows, ‘and a considerable symphsis, with a narrow
extremity, but rounded termination. It is ‘nearly certain that there
‘are no teeth in the upper jaw, but the lower Ras 14 or 15 on each side,
all of which are not in place, 5 only on the left side and 4 on the right
remain still in their alveoli; some have been replaced by others; they
are narrow, slender, conical, pointed, slightly curved interiorly, and
6 to 8 lines in length. Length of lower jaw, 13 inches; distance
between condyles, 12 inches. Length of skull, 14% inches. Another
peculiarity of the skull is the inequality of the nasal cavities, the right
being in nearly a rudimentary condition, and some twenty times
smaller than the other.”’
FIELD COLUMBIAN MUSEUM.
PLATE XV, ZOOLOGY.
COGIA BREVICEPS.
U.S. Nat. Mus. Coll.
FIELD COLUMBIAN MUSEUM.
PLATE XVI, ZOOLOGY.
COGIA BREVICEPS.
U.S, Nat. Mus. Coll.
FIELD COLUMBIAN MUSEUM. PLATE XVII, ZOOLOGY.
>
COGIA BREVICEPS.
U.S. Nat. Mus. Coll.
FIELD COLUMBIAN MUSEUM. PLATE XVIII, ZOOLOGY.
—
“ee
iN
‘
"
> F
;
{
}
WS.
N
ZIPHIUS CAVIROSTRIS.
U.S. Nat. Mus. Coll.
uty he yt. ik
PLATE XIX, ZOOLOGY.
=
=
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=
z
=
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=
=
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po |
uw
x
ZIPHIUS CAVIROSTRIS.
PLATE XX, ZOOLOGY,
=
=)
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a= |
12)
ro)
(a)
=
rm
ve
ZIPHIUS CAVIROSTRIS.
ZIPHIUS. 47
The two-toothed Whales of the next genus were supposed to be
extinct, as the imperfect skull of Z. cavirostris, found on the French
Mediterranean coast in 1823, was described as a fossil. Various indi-
viduals have been observed since then, from as far north as the Shet-
land Islands, and to New Zealand in the South, and these have been
separated into several species, not all probably entitled to the dis-
tinction. Specimens have occasionally drifted, or been driven
ashore, and as many as twenty-five individuals were at one time
stranded on the Chatham Islands east of New Zealand. This Ceta-
cean varies in length from fourteen to twenty feet.
19. Ziphius.
joie}, See
——- = 2
hai
Ziphius G. Cuv., Rech.Oss. Foss., v, 2d ed., 1823, p. 352, pl. xxvit,
figs. 3,4, 7,9. Type Ziphius cavirostris Cuvier.
Aliama Gray, Proc. Zodl. Soc., 1864, p. 242.
Petrorhynchus Gray, Zool. Soc., 1865, p. 524.
Ziphiorrhynchus Burm., Revista Farme., Bull. Acad. Belg., 1865,
Id. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 3d Ser., xvi, 1866, p. 94.
At anterior end of the mandible on each side is a single conical
tooth directed upward and forward. Rostrum triangular, tapering
from base to apex; edges of maxille at base of rostrum raised into
roughened tuberosities.
33. cavirostris (Ziphius), G. Cuv., Rech. Oss. Foss., v, 2d ed., 1823,
Deese- Llhot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., rooz, p. 16.
Two-TOOTHED WHALE.
Geogr. Distr. All seas.
Genl. Char. Same as those of the genus.
Color. Steel gray with numerous irregular white streaks; beneath
white.
Total length, 16 feet.
The members of the next family, Delphinide, are many and
various, and their arrangement into subfamilies, or even genera,
from lack of requisite knowledge of some of the species, is not easy of
accomplishment. Among the diversified forms are found, the well-
known Porpoise with its many relatives; the curious Narwhal with its
ivory spear, a formidable weapon both for offense as well as defense;
the Cow-fish (Tursiops gilli); the Black-fish, or Ca’ing Whale (Globi-
cephalus melas) #the savage Orcas, or Killer Whales; and the numerous
species of Do.pPHIns, inhabitants of many seas, beside other genera
48 PHOCANA.
and species outside the scope of this work. The beaks vary
greatly, and in some species are altogether absent, while in others
they are twice the length of the braincase.
Fam. II]. Delphinidze—Dolphins, Porpoises, ete.
F.W. True. A review of the family Delphinide, Bull. U.S. Nat.
Mus., 1889, No. 36, pp. 1-191, pls. 1-47.
C. M. Scammon. The Marine Mammals of Northwest North
America, 1874, p. 40.
Facial portion of skull produced usually into a beak; teeth nu-
merous in both jaws; anterior ribs articulated to the transverse process
by a tubercle; sternal ribs ossified; lacrymal not distinct from the
jugal; pterygoids short, thin, and form, with a process of the palate,
the outer wall of the post palatine air-sinus; mandibular symphysis
short.
Porpoises, often called ‘‘Sea Pigs’”’ or ‘‘ Hog-fish,”’ are accustomed
to go in schools, sometimes in very large numbers, as they are very
sociable creatures, and are often seen in bays and harbors, as well as
in the open ocean. They swim with great rapidity, and frequently
play about the cutwater of a large steamer, even when the vessel is
going at full speed, and these animals are better known to the
majority of people than any of the other Cetaceans. The genus
contains numerous species, and they are met with in all seas.
Subfam. |. Delphinapterine.
20. Phoecrwna. Porpoises.
2525 —
25—25
Phoceena G. Cuv., Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 2d ed., 1x, 1817, p. 163, Jd.
Régn. Anim., 1829, p. 289. Type Delphinus phocena Linneus.
Too,
Head not beaked, rostrum short, broad, tapering; premaxille
tuberculate before the nares; nasals flat; frontals elevated; mandib-
ular symphysis short; teeth small, crowns spade-shaped, neck con-
stricted; dorsal fin triangular, small, blunt spines often on anterior
margin; pectoral fins ovate; first to sixth cervical vertebra coalesced.
34 phoceena (Delphinus), Linn., Syst. Nat., 1, 1758, p. 77. Elliot,
Syn. N. Am. Mamm., Suppl., rgor, p. 482.
communis G. Cuv., Régn. Anim., 1817, p. 279. Elliot, Syn. N.
Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 20.
vomerina Gill, Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil., 1865, p. 178.
brachyctum Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil., 1865, p. 279.
? lineata Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil., 1876, pp. 134, 135-
PLATE XXI, ZOOLOGY.
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FIELD COLUMBIAN MUSEUM.
PHOCALNA, 4)
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Fia, XVII, PHOGCAINA PHOGAENA, PORPOISE.
Common Porpoise.
Type locality, Coast of Kurope.
Geogr, Distr. North Atlantic and North Pacific Oceans,
Genl. Char, Slender; dorsal fin anterior to middle of the length,
triangular, posterior margin concave, anterior about straight with
sometimes a row of tubercles; jaws of equal length,
Color. Upper parts slate or blackish, grading on sides into the
white of lower parts; sides sometimes tinged with yellow or pink;
narrow dark line from corner of mouth to anterior base of pectoral,
and a broad, dark band often extends from lower jaw half-way to the
pectoral,
Measurements. Total length, 1727; length of mouth, rar; end
of snout to dorsal, 737; length of pectoral, 178; height of dorsal, 102;
width of flukes, 317. Skull: total length, 293; length of rostrum,
137; width of beak at base, 85; at middle, 55; interorbital breadth,
137; length of temporal fossa, 6.
The ‘‘Killers’’ are distinguished for their great ferocity and
strength, and are the wolves of the sea. They prey upon fish, and
also warm-blooded animals, such as seals, and destroy a great number
of the pups, and the half-grown young of other species. Banding
themselves together in packs they do not hesitate to attack the
Whalebone Whale, and several of them by hanging on to the lower
lip, compel the huge animal, exhausted by its struggles, to open its
mouth and permit the Killer to enter, when the great fleshy tongue
is speedily devoured, and the unfortunate creature left to die a linger-
ing death. Indivi@uals of their own order are pursued and slain by
50 ORCINUS.
these sea-wolves, and from sheer love of slaughter more creatures are
killed in their forays than can be devoured. They delight in blood
and rapine, and the presence of the Killers can be detected in the
seas they frequent by the lofty pointed dorsal fin standing above the
surface of the ocean and cutting the water like the bow of some swift
vessel, as the fierce creature beneath chases its prey. Orcas do not
associate together in any large numbers, a dozen being perhaps the
maximum, and whenever their presence is known, or the fins are seen
cleaving the surface of the ocean, all animals fly for a refuge, even the
ponderous Sea Lions seeking the shore. The Killers do not possess
much oil, and consequently have little or no commercial value, but
some coast Indians hunt them for their flesh, which they highly
esteem. This Cetacean is usually seen in the vicinity of the Pribiloft
Islands during the breeding season of the Fur Seals, and commits
great destruction among the pups when these make their first
attempts at swimming not far from shore, for it requires an expert in
the art to be able to avoid the swift rush of this powerful mammal.
21. Orcinus. Killer Whales.
Orcinus Fitzin., Wiss-Popul. Naturg. Saiugeth., vi, 1860, pp. 204-
217. Type Delphinus orca Linneus.
Orca Gray, Erebus and Terror, Zodl., 1846, p. 33, pls. 8-9. (nec
Wagl, 1830.)
Teeth large, stout, occupying nearly the entire length of the
rostrum, which is broad, elongate, flattened above and rounded ante-
-riorly. Pterygoids separate; premaxillea concave before the nares,
narrow in the middle and widening towards end; head depressed, no
beak; dorsal large, prominent, pointed; pectorals large, ovate; first
and second vertebre, occasionally also the third, coalesced; ver-
tebre, 52.
Fic. XVIIl. ORCINUS ORCA. KILLER WHALE.
ww ees
:
$
J
i
J
PSEUDORCA GRASSIDENS.
(From Van Beneden and Gervais Osteogra
ORCINUS ORCA.
e des Cétacés
True.
Ex
1568
rr nee
ORCINUS. PSEUDORCA. 51
35. orca (Delphinus), Linn:, Syst. Nat., 1, 1758, p. 77.
gladiator (Delphinus), Bonnat., Cét., 1789, p. 23.
arcticus and europeus Gerv. & Van Ben., Ost. Cét., 1804, p. 314.
schlegelu Lilljeb., Roy. Soc., 1866, p. 235.
latirosir1s Gerv., Ost. Cét., 1868, p. 543.
stenorhyncha Gray, Proc. Zodl. Soc., 1870, p. 74.
gladiator (Orcinus) Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 22.
ComMoN KILLER WHALE.
Type locality. Coast of Europe.
Geogr. Distr. All seas.
Genl. Char. Size large, other characters those of the genus.
Color. Upper parts of head and body and all the fins black;
under jaw, throat, breast, and belly white; a white trident-shaped
area extends back to the vent with one tine, the other two passing
obliquely upward and backward on the sides; a large white patch
behind the eyes; behind dorsal fin is a crescentic purple area.
Measurements. Total length, 16 feet.
22. Pseudorea. Killer Whales.
10—-10
1hot— tol
= 40.
Pseudorca Reinh., Overs. K. Dan. Vidensk. Sezsk. Forh. Kjobenh.,
1862, p. 151. Type Pseudorca crassidens Owen.
Rostrum short, broad; rostral portion of intermaxille truncate
at distal end; pterygoids short, approximated on median line; teeth
large, roots cylindrical; vertebre, 50; the first to sixth or seventh
coalesced; pectorals moderate, pointed; dorsal near middle of back,
moderate, falcate; head elevated before blow-hole, compressed;
snout truncate.
36. crassidens (Phocena), Owen, Brit. Foss. Mamm., 1846, De S10:
meridionalis Flower, Proc. Zo6l. Soc., 1864, p. 420.
destructor Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil., 1866, p. 293.
grayt Burm., Ann. Mus. Pub., Buen. Aires, 1, 1864-69, Deg OFR
Gls XT,
crassidens (Pseudorca), Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 23.
LARGE-TOOTHED KILLER WHALE.
Type locality. Coast of Lincolnshire, England.
Geogr. Distr. All seas.
Genl. Char. No beak; head sloping gradually from blow-hole to
end of snout; dorsal in center of length, narrow, moderate; pectorals
small.
Color. All blaék.
52 PSEUDORCA. GLOBICEPHALUS.
Measurements. Skull: total length, 595; length of rostrum, 287;
breadth at base, 208; at middle, 188; interorbital breadth, 333;
length of temporal fossa, 191.
The Black-fish, the name usually given to the species of the next
genus, are accustomed to go in large schools, keeping near the coast,
seeking small fish, on which they subsist. These animals are inoffen-
sive and gentle, and when alarmed can easily be driven ashore (if
their pursuers are on the seaward side), as they huddle together like
sheep and follow blindly any leader. They are found in all seas, and
it is stated that the flesh, after having been exposed to the air and
properly cooked, is not unpalatable. The Black-fish yield but little
oil, not equal to that of the great whales.
23. Globicephalus. Dolphins. Black-fish.
8-8 =
a to SS = 32 to 48.
12 >—h2
Globicephala Less., Nouv. Tabl. Regn. Anim., Mamm., 1842,
Pp. 200.
Type Delphinus deductor Scoresby = Delphinus melas Traill.
Teeth only on anterior half of rostrum and mandible, small,
conical, acute, curved; rostrum short, broad; mandibular symphysis
short; pterygoids in contact; skull broad, depressed; premaxille con-
cave in front of nares, as wide at middle as at base; vertebrae, 57-60;
first five or six cervical vertebre coalesced; forepart of head round;
dorsal low, triangular.
KEY TO THE SPECIES:
A. Head with obtuse ridge above jaw; teeth
conical, persistent in both jaws, confined
to anterior half of rostrum.
a. Color black, with white area beneath; length PAGE
of pectoral fin, 1270 Mm... 22.27.) 3 G. melas 52
b. Color entirely black.
a.’ Length of pectoral fin, 762 mm........ G. brachypterus 53
b.’ Length of pectoral fin, 864 mm.......... G. scammont 54
37. melas (Delphinus), Traill. Nichols, Jour., 1809, XXIII, pls 4,
globiceps Cuv., Ann. Mus., 1812, p. 14, pli, figs. ny 2:
deductor Scoresby, Arct. Reg., 1, 1820, t. 13, fig. 1.
intermedius Harl., Jour. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil., 1829, p. 51, pl.ag
fig, 23),
(‘zg “sy ‘gif ‘d ‘ggQ1 (‘zz "[d ‘ggg
‘sulydjod pur sajey A ay) jo anSo[eyeg ‘Aevig woiq) ‘aniy, xq ‘sulyd[oq pur sajey AA jo sisdoudg ‘Kerg woig) ‘aniy, xq
‘SVIAW SNIVHd30Id015 (‘4S aded 3ag) "I/NISOMHdNA SNNIHd1300u"¢q
GLOBICEPHALUS. 53
ancrassatus Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1861, p. 309, fig. 1.
macrorhynchus Hector (nec Gray), Trans. N. Zeal. Inst., vir, 1861,
Die UO, M9s; 3, .3a.
melas (Globiocephalus!), Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 23.
Fic. XIX. GLOBICEPHALUS MELAS. PILOT OR CA’ING WHALE.
PiLoT OR Ca’ING WHALE.
Type locality. Coast of England.
Geogr. Distr. South and North Atlantic Oceans, Gulf of Mexico.
Genl. Char. Vertebre, 59-60; maxille and intermaxille rugose
anteriorly; second and third vertebre coalesced.
Color. Black with a white area beneath.
Measurements. Total length about 20 feet; length of pectoral fin,
1270 mm.; greatest breadth of pectoral, 279; from end of snout to
dorsal fin, 1397.
38. brachypterus (Globiocephalus!), Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien.
Phil., 1876, p. 120, fig. p. 131. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., roor,
Dp. .24.
SHORT-FINNED BLACK-FISH.
Type locality. East coast of Delaware Bay, at the mouth of
Meurice River.
Geogr. Distr. Gulf of Mexico north to New Jersey, Atlantic Ocean.
Genl. Char. Pectorals one-sixth total length of body; dorsal for-
ward of middle length; teeth, 8; vertebre, 57; skull massive; rostrum
broad, the basal width greater than four-fifths total length; temporal
fosse large, oval; intermaxille large and flat.
Color. Entirely black.
Measurements. Total length, 4648; tip of snout to dorsal, 1206;
length of pectoral, 762; height of dorsal, 356; width of fluke, 1168.
54 GLOBICEPHALUS. DELPHINUS.
Skull: total length, 662; length of rostrum, 333; breadth at base, 288;
at middle, 235; interorbital breadth, 45; length of temporal fossa, 163.
39. scammoni (Globtocephalus!), Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil.,
1869, p. 21. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 24.
SCAMMON’S BLACK-FISH.
Type locality. Coast of Lower California.
Geogr. Distr. Coast of California southward; coast of South
America.
Genl. Char. Similar to G. brachypterus; pectorals longer. Skull
heavy; intermaxille not projecting over lateral margins of rostral
portion of maxilla; superior nares broad, and bordered by narrow
plates of the intermaxille; pterygoids short, approximate.
Color. Entirely black.
Measurements. Total length, 4724; tip of snout to dorsal, 1372;
length of pectoral, 864; width of flukes, 1007. Skull: total length,
690; length of rostrum, 340; breadth at base, 308; at middle, 252;
interorbital breadth, 487; length of temporal fossa, 148.
The members of the next genus, DELPHINUS, possess prominent
beaks, and the elongate rostrum is provided with a large number of
teeth, which, however, is not always the same on the two sides of the
jaw. There are many species accredited to the genus, dwellers of
various seas, and the one given below is common both to the Mediter-
ranean and to the waters that wash the eastern shores of the American
Continent.
24. Delphinus. Dolphins.
40—40 60.—60 ___
ae to 5%, = 160 to 240.
Delphinus Linn., Syst. Nat., 1, 1758, p. 77; 1, 1766, p. 108. Type
Delphinus delphis Linneus.
Rhinodelphis Wagner, Schreb., Saugeth., vil, 1846, pp. 281, 316—
349, I1 pls.
Eudelphinus Gerv., Ostéog. des Cét., 1880, p. 600.
Teeth occupying nearly entire length of rostrum, numerous in
both jaws, conical, acute, curving; rostrum twice the length of brain-
case; pterygoids meeting on median line for their entire length;
palate deeply grooved laterally; pectorals moderate, falcate.
40. delphis (Delphinus), Linn., Syst. Nat., 1, 1758, p. 77; 1, 1776,
p. 108. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., rgor, p. 28.
julvo-fasciatus Wagn., Schreb. Saugeth., 1846, pl. 361, fig. 1.
ie des
ograph
é
es, 18
TURSIOPS TURSIO (FABRICIUS).
(From Van Beneden and Gervais, Ost
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DELPHINUS DELPHIS.
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DELPHINUS. TURSIOPS. 5d
nove-zelandie Quoy & Gaim., Voy. Astrolabe, Mamm., 1830,
p. 149.
jamira Gray, Erebus & Terror, Zodl., 1846, p. 41, pl. 23.
albrinanus Peale, U. S. Expl. Exped., Mamm., v, 1848, 111, p. 33.
algertensis Loche, Rev. Mag. Zodl., 1860, p. 474, pl. 22, fig. 1.
forstert Gray, Cat. Cet., 1866, p. 248.
major, moorit & walkerit Gray, Cat. Cet., 1866, pp. 396, 397.
pomeegra Owen, Trans. Zodl. Soc., v1, 1866, p. 23, pls. 6. 8.
batrd1 Dall, Proc. Calif. Acad. Nat. Scien., v, 1873, p. 12.
microps Burm. (nec Gray), Desc. Phys. Argent., 111, 1879, p. 534.
juscus, sowerbianus, variegatus, batteatus, moschatus (La Font),
Pischn, Act, soca dain. b0rd.,°¥;) ho8n,-p: 127). pls, 4, 5.6.
marginatus, La Font., (nec Pucher.), Act. Soc. Linn. Bord., vr,
D. 5 Lo.
curvtrostris Riggio, Nat. Sicil., 11, 1883, p. 157, pl. 3.
Common DOLPHIN.
Type locality. Coast of Europe.
Geogr. Distr. Atlantic Ocean; Gulf of Mexico.
Genl. Char. Body slender; forehead forming an angle to the beak,
which is long and slender; dorsal fin in center of back, narrow; pec-
torals three times longer than broad, pointed.
Color. Very variable; upper parts black and blackish gray;
beneath white or greenish white; black, gray or greenish band from
lower jaw to base of pectorals; orbital ring black, from which a black
band extends forward to the base of the beak; margin of lower jaw
black; elongate areas of light festoons of gray on sides, traversed by
two longitudinal bands of gray or greenish gray.
Measurements. Total length, 1382-2008; length of pectoral, 280-
305; width of flukes, 393-450; height of dorsal, 177-203; blow-hole to
end of nose, 330-350.
25. Tursiops. Dolphins.
21—21 25—25
Rica, © genoa
Tursiops Gerv., Hist. Nat. Mamm., 1, 1855, p. 323. Type Del-
phinus tursio Fabricius.
Tursio Gray (nec Wagl.), List Spec. Mamm., Brit. Mus. 1843, pp.
XXII, 105, Jd. Cat. Seals and Whales, 1866, p. 254.
= 84 to I00.
Rostrum with moderate taper; no groove in palate; mandibular
symphysis short jteeth stout; vertebre, C. 7, D. 13, L. 17, C. 27=64.
Dorsal fin high, falcate.
56 TURSIOPS.
KEY TO THE SPECIES;
A. Teeth conical, smooth; palate without lateral grooves;
pterygoids in contact. PAGE
a. Plumbeous gray above, white beneath...... T. truncatus 56
be cM lae ke. sas. eis cee aie tee ey ee teed T gil” toe
Fig. XX. TURSIOPS TRUNCATUS. BOTTLE-NOSED PORPOISE.
41. truncatus Montagu., Mem. Wern. Soc., 111, 1821, p. 73. True,
Proc, Acad. Nat: Scien. “Phil, 1903, p.. 313.
compressicauda Less., Cét., 1828, p. 199.
communis Fitzin. (nec Cuv.), Carr, Dalm., 1846, p. 75.
metis Gray, Ereb. & Terror, Zodl., 1846, p. 38, pl. 17.
cymodice Gray, Ereb. & Terror, Zodl., 1846, p. 38, pl. 17.
eurynome Gray, Ereb. & Terror, Zodl., 1846, p. 38, pl. 18.
tursio (Tursiops), Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 29.
BOTTLED-NOSED PoRPOISE OR DOLPHIN.
Type locality. Coast of Greenland.
Geogr. Distr. Atlantic Ocean, Mediterranean Sea, widely dis-
tributed; Atlantic coast of Atlantic States, Maine to Florida, Gulf of
Mexico.
Genl. Char. Those of the genus. Frontal bone has no backward
extension and the parietal is broad inferiorly.
Color. Upper part of fin is plumbeous gray, tinged with purple,
grading on sides into the pure white of the under parts.
Measurements. Total length, 2907; of mouth, 319; height of
dorsal fin, 229; breadth of flukes, 612. Skull: total length, 432;
length of beak, 108; length of tooth row, 195; width between inter-
orbitals, 191; length of mandible, 365.
42. gilli (Tursiops), Dall, Proc. Calif. Acad. Scien., v, 1873, p. 13.
Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 29.
GILL’s DoLPHIn. Cow-FIsH.
Type locality. North Pacific Ocean.
TURSIOPS. PRODELPHINUS. 57
Geogr. Distr. Shores of southern and Lower California to northern
part of Pacific Ocean.
Genl. Char. Optic canal not reaching the level of the rounded
antero-internal border of the deeply concave frontal, and the lower
part of the parietal is a narrow band between the anterior margin
of the squamosal and the posterior margin of a backward extension
of the frontal.
Color. Black, the under parts a little lighter than the upper.
Measurements. Length of beak, 29.8; breadth at base of maxil-
lary notches, 14.1; at the middle, 8.8; length of tooth row, 25.4;
length of mandible, 42.7.
26. Prodelphinus. Dolphins.
30-30 4, So—So
30-30 *° 50-50
Prodelphinus Gerv., Ostéog. des Cétacés, 1880, p. 604, pl. xxxvitt.
Clymene Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1864, p. 237.
Clymema Gray, Syn. Whales & Dolphins, 1868, p. 6.
Teeth smaller than those of Tursiops. Rostrum long, narrow;
no groove in palate; vertebrae, 73-78; symphysis of mandible short;
beak elongate; dorsal and pectoral fins falcate.
== IAXo) 10) Kolo),
Fig. XX|l. PRODELPHINUS PLAGIODON. SHARP-TOOTHED DOLPHIN.
LGN IO) AMshe SPs CMWas,
A. Teeth conical, small, numerous; rostral por-
tion of intermaxille convex. PAGE
a. Purplish gray above spotted with white;
breadth of rostrum at base, 109; at middle,
RO MOCHWEEM OLIMES TAG. 1k ll vo muee P. plagiodon 58
58 PRODELPHINUS.
b. Dark gray above, spotted with light gray; PAGE
breadth of rostrum at base, 75; at middle,
46; Debween Orbits, tae hs ss hee eee eters P. longirostris 58
c. Black above; breadth of rostrum at middle,
66,067 at ase, Gro.82.. caw.ce «te eis es cree P. euphrosyne 58
43. plagiodon (Delphinus), Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil., 1866,
p- 296.
plagiodon (Prodelphinus), Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 31.
SHARP-TOOTHED DOLPHIN:
Type locality. Eastern coast of United States.
Geogr. Distr. Atlantic coast of the United States, Cape Hatteras
to Gulf of Mexico.
Genl. Char. Dorsal fin high, recurved; pectoral fins broad at base;
beak stout.
Color. Above purplish gray, shading on the sides into the white
of the under parts; upper parts and fins spotted with white or gray;
lower parts spotted with dark gray.
Measurements. Total length, 2157; length of mouth, 280; of
pectoral fin, 304; end of beak to dorsal, 337; height of dorsal, 241;
breadth of flukes, 527.
44. longirostris (Delphinus), Gray, Spicil. Zodl., 1828, p. 1.
microps Gray, Spicil. Zodl., 1828, p. 1.
alope Gray, Erebus & Terror, Zo6l., 1846, p. 42, pl. 25.
stenorhynchus Gray, Cat. Seals & Whales, 1866, p. 396.
LONG-NOSED DOLPHIN.
Type locality. Cape of Good Hope.
Geogr. Distr. Southern Oceans. Taken off Tres Marias Islands,
Mexico.
Genl. Char. Dorsal high; nose three-fifths total length of animal;
teeth formula, se vertebre, C. 7;.D. 14; L. 17-18; C. 34, =72=73:
Color. Above dark slate gray, mottled with pale gray; beneath
white.
Measurements. Total length, 390-420; beak, 70-80; width of
beak at base of maxillary notches, 75-86.
45. euphrosyne (Prodelphinus), Gray, Erebus & Terror, Zodl., 1846,
p. 40, pl. 22. Id. Cat. Seals & Whales, 1866, p. 251. Elliot,
Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 30.
styx Gray, Erebus & Terror, Zodl., 1846, p. 39, pl. 2.
tethyos Gerv., Bull. Soc. Agr. Herault, 1853, XL, p. 150, pl. 1.
marginatus (Duvern.), Pucher., Rev. Zoél., 1854, p. 547.
doreides Gray, Cat. Cet., 1866, p. 400.
PRODELPHINUS. 59
euphrosinoides Gray, Synops. Whales & Dolphins, 1868, p. 6.
nove-zelandie Hector (nec Gray), Trans. N. Z. Inst., 1873, v,
P- 159.
Gray’s DOLPHIN.
Type locality. Unknown.
Geogr. Distr. Atlantic Ocean, Mediterranean Sea, coast of
Jamaica.
Genl. Char. Body stout, beak long; dorsal fin high, falcate;
pectorals small.
Color. Above black; sides blackish, beneath white; orbital ring
black; black band from eye to vent and one going downward and
backward above base of the pectorals; this black band is divided
from the dark color above by a white band which is broadest in the
middle; broad black band from eye to base of pectorals, with white
area in its center, that joins the white throat below the eye; fins
black, margined anteriorly with white.
Measurements. Total length, 2097; end of beak to base of dorsal,
932; breadth of flukes, 420; anterior margin of pectoral fin, 305.
Order V. Ungulata. Hoofed Quadrupeds.
The Order Ungulata comprises those animals formed for a terres-
trial existence and whose food is mainly vegetable, although certain
ones are omnivorous. The molar teeth have broad crowns and their
surfaces ridged, and three pair are always present in each jaw.
There are no clavicles or collar bones, and the limbs, as a rule, are
only capable of a forward and backward motion, a rotary movement
being impossible. The limbs generally terminate in solid bony hoofs,
but in some cases the last joint of the toes is furnished with broad
nails, and the number of toes varies from one to five, but in cases
where the toes are numerous only two are usually of importance to
the animal. In no instance are any claws present. The Ungulates
vary greatly in size, from the diminutive Dik-Dik Antelope, pigmy
Hog and Hyrax, to the lordly Elephant, the bulky Rhinoceros and
Hippopotamus, and the lofty Giraffe. A characteristic of members
of this Order is the presence of horns on some portions of the head,
usually witnessed only on the male. These appendages vary greatly
in size, structure, and pattern, and are most effective, in the majority
of instances, as weapons of offense or defense. Many extinct species
of Ungulates possessed four or five digits to each limb, but no existing
species, except the elephant, has more than four, the majority indeed
possessing only two, while in the horse but one remains. The Order
has two divisions, those that may be termed the true Ungulates, con-
taining the vast majority of the species, such as Hippopotamus,
Swine, Llamas, Deer, Antelope, Sheep, Goats, Tapirs, Rhinoceros,
Horse, etc.; and the Subungulata, with the majestic Elephant and
the curious little animal, the Hyrax, very rodent-like in appearance,
but entirely distinct from the other members of the Order, and which
occupies quite an independent position among mammals.
The Ungulates are distributed throughout the globe excepting
Australia, and are found from the Arctic regions to the Tropics, the
largest number of species inhabiting the warmer portions of the
earth. Some Ungulates go in herds containing many thousand indi-
viduals, like the American Bison which only a few years ago roamed
the Western plains in countless numbers, but have passed away for-
ever, save a semi-domesticated remnant; and many species of African
Antelope that once covered the veldt with their mighty hosts are
likewise rapidly disappearing before the rifles of the so-called sports-
man and the skin hunter.
60
TAGASSU. 61
The members of the first Family of the Ungulates to be con-
sidered, the Peccaries, differ from those of the family Suide in
various respects. They lack one pair of upper incisors, and the
anterior premolar in each jaw. The canines, large and formidable,
are directed downward, not upward, and the last premolar is
complex. The stomach has three compartments, and is more com-
plicated than that of the true pigs. These animals are fearless and
pugnacious, associate in droves, sometimes of considerable numbers,
and when attacked, all assume the offensive, and are capable of
doing much damage with their sharp tushes, and a man in the midst
of a number of enraged Peccaries is fortunate if he is able to find a
tree to climb, that being about the only method of saving his life.
Two species have been long known, but lately a number of others
have been described, some of which may prove to possess distinctive
values.
Fam. I. Tagassuidz. Peccaries.
Snout elongate, truncate; flat terminal naked surface in which
the nostrils are placed. Stomach complex; cecum present. Four
toes on front feet, three on hind feet. Incisors rooted; upper canines
pointed downward, with cutting edges; upper outer incisors and
anterior premolars of both jaws wanting. Third and fourth meta-
podials united at their upper ends. Ears small, erect. Body
covered with bristly hair. Musk gland on the middle of the back.
27. *Tagassu.
ome ie, SEs Seni ee
= Ce eet er = 38.
T. Gill. Note on the names of the genera of Peccartes, Proc.
Biol. Soc. Wash., 1902, p. 38.
J. A. Allen. The Generic and Specific names of the Peccaries,
Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1902, p. 162.
O. Thomas. The Generic names of the Peccaries, Northern Fur
Seal and Sea Leopard, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 1902, pp. 153, 197.
Tagassu Frisch, Syst. vierfiiss. Thiere, in Tabellen, 3 Tab. Gen. 1775.
Tayassu Fisch., Zoogn., 11, 1814, p. 284. Type Sus tajacu
Linneus.
* Messrs. Gill, Allen, and Thomas (l.c.) have given their views regarding the
proper generic names for the Peccaries, each arriving at a different conclusion,
no two of them agreeing, and thus exhibiting, in a certain degree, the very
unstable foundation on which nomenclature rests. Not wishing to add to the
confusion by giving another opinion, even if it were necessary, 1 have fol-
lowed Dr. Allen, whose argument is apparently the strongest of the three.
Mr. Thomas in a later publication abandons his position and accepts Dr. Allen’s
view (l. c.).
62 TAGASSU.
Dicotyles G. Cuv., Regn. Anim., 1, 18927, Pp. 237-
Notophorus Fisch., Mem. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscow, v, 1817, p. 418.
Adenonotus Brookes, Prodr. Syn. Anim., 11, 1828.
Size large; mane not covering the rump; sides of rostrum not
flattened, and divided by zygomatic ridge; palate long, narrow, with
median ridge, and extending beyond last molar; deep cavity on root of
zygoma anterior to orbit, which is small and incomplete behind, the
postorbital process not joining the zygoma; pterygoid plates of the
alisphenoid form the interpterygoid fossa.
KEY TO THE SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES.
A. Rostrum and nasals flattened anteriorly, con-
vex posteriorly; sides of rostrum excavated
over premolars; palate with sharp ridge from
first premolar to canine.
a. Stripe over shoulder. PAGE
a.’ Size small; color grizzled black and buff...... T.nanus 62
b.’ Size large.
a.’ Shoulder stripe white, sides black and
WV ELIGG ie «ons Sicutine! ss kaolin a AR ee rename T. angulatum 63
b.’’ Shoulder stripe yellowish ochraceous,
narrow; sides dark, less gray........ T.a. humerale 63
c.” Shoulder stripe broad; sides whitish. 7. a. yucatanense 63
d.’’ Shoulder stripe indistinct, very narrow;
sides prizzled ‘gray . .../\ terval Deen T.a.crassum 64
e.’’ Shoulder stripe indistinct; color mixed
grayish and brownish black......... T.a.sonoriense 64
f.’’ Shoulder stripe, wide and tawny .... T.crusnigrum 65
A. Tagassu.
46. nanus (Tayassu), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XIv, 1901, p.
102.
DwarFr PEcCARY.
Type locality. Island of Cozumel, Yucatan.
Genl. Char. Small, similar to T. angulatum.
Color. Above grizzled black and buff; broad buffy stripe on
shoulders; rest of body with black dorsal stripe from occiput to tail;
ears and feet black.
Measurements. Total length, 840; tail vertebra, 32; hind foot,
175. Skull: basal length, 176; Hensel, 168; palatal length, 120;
occipito-nasal length, 189; zygomatic breadth, 100; upper tooth
row, 52.
FIELD COLUMBIAN MUSEUM. PLATE XXvV, ZOOLOGY.
TAGASSU ANGULATUM.
No. 56 Field Columbian Mus. Coll. % nat. size.
5
heh |
FIELD COLUMBIAN MUSEUM. PLATE XXVI, ZOOLOGY.
TAGASSU ANGULATUM.
No. 56 Field Columbian Mus. Coll. % nat, size.
TAGASSU. 63
47. angulatum (Dicotyles), Cope, Amer. Nat., xx11I, 1889, p. 147.
tajacu (Dicotyles), Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., rgor, p. 33 (Part).
TexaN Preccary. Moran, Jabalt, in Mexico.
Type locality. Guadalupe River, Texas.
Geogr. Distr. Northeastern Mexico into Texas.
Genl. Char. ‘‘Molar crest erect, reaching base of canine alveolus;
nasal bones angulate on median line; first upper molar quadri-
tubercular, with intermediate tubercles, and quadrate in outline,
molariform; molars wrinkled.”
Color. Upper parts and sides mixed black and white, black
predominating on face, mane, and along dorsal line; throat, under
parts, ears and patch behind ears, nose and hoofs, black; white band
over shoulders to middle of back.
Measurements. Total length, 960. (Skin from Texas.) Skull:
occipito-nasal length, 206; zygomatic width, 104; Hensel, 184; inter-
orbital constriction, 60; length of nasals, 80; length of upper tooth
row, 62; length of mandible, 143; length of lower tooth row, 68.
a.—humerale (Tayassu), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xIv, rgor,
p. 122.
ARMERIA PECCARY.
Type locality. Armeria, State of Colima, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. State of Colima to Tehuantepec, Mexico.
Genl. Char. “Similar to T. angulatum, but sides grayer; head
yellower; dorsal band more strongly marked.”
Color. Black dorsal band from behind ears to tail; general color
of upper parts mixed black and white, the white predominating; top
of nose and head black and ochraceous buff; sides of nose and face
paler, ochraceous buff predominating; sides white and black like
back; rump mostly black; stripe over shoulders to center of back
straw yellow; mane black and white; chest and middle of belly black;
rest of under parts dull ochraceous buff; the bristles being ringed
with horn color and buff; limbs brownish or chestnut, black in front;
ears blackish; hoofs brownish black.
Measurements. Total length, 960; tail, 60; hind foot, 215. Skull:
basal length, 203; occipito-nasal length, 224; zygomatic breadth, 108;
across squamosals posteriorly, 99; palatal length, 151; length of upper
molar series, 67.
b.—yucatanense (Tayassu), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xiv,
IQOL, pw123.
YucaTAN PEccARY.
Type locality.” Tunkas, State of Yucatan.
Geogr. Distr. Arid peninsula of Yucatan.
64 TAGASSU.
Genl. Char. Sexes nearly alike in color and size.
Color. Similar to T. angulatum, but “‘sides decidedly whiter;
shoulder stripes broader and more conspicuous and somewhat sub-
triangular, broadest where they abut against the median dorsal black
band, which is well developed; (shoulder stripes broadest and most
striking in young); pelage coarser and scantier, the individual bristles
decidedly larger and fewer in number; no black on nose or under-
lip.”” (Merr.)
Measurements. Total length, 880; tail, 36; hind foot, 183.
e.—crassum (Tayassu), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XIV, 1901,p. 124.
Heavy PEccaARY.
Type locality. Metlaltoyuca, State of Puebla, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. States of Puebla and Chiapas, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Similar to T. angulatum, but larger; bristles large
and rigid; dorsal stripe ill defined; ‘‘anterior opening of antorbital
foramen between second and third premolars.’’* (Merr., 1. c.)
Color. General hue grizzled gray; black dorsal stripe indistinct
or obsolete; hind legs grizzled black and fulvous.
Measurements. Total length, 950; tail, 54; hind foot, 203.
d.—sonoriense (Dicotyles), Mearns, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xx,
1897, p. 469.
SONORA PECCARY.
Type locality. San Bernardino River, State of Sonora, Mexico,
near Monument No. 77, Mexican boundary line.
Geogr. Distr. State of Sonora, Mexico, into Arizona.
Genl. Char. Larger than T. angulatum, with smaller and simpler
molars.
Color. Above mixed grayish and yellowish white and brownish
black; indistinct whitish color across neck and in front of shoulder;
muzzle, cheeks and space before eyes brownish gray; under jaw
yellowish, triangular black patch on chin; ears black; limbs brownish
white and black, with a light band above accessory hoofs on fore legs;
under parts blackish; grayish on axillar and inguinal regions; snout
plumbeous; hoofs plumbeous black; mane of black-tipped bristles
from crown to gland on rump. Young pale reddish brown, with
black vertical stripes.
Measurements. Total length, 920; tail vertebre, 65; ear from
crown, 115; height at shoulder, 610; hind foot, 200.
* The position of the opening of the antorbital foramen is not a dependable
character, for in a series of skulls from Texas and Mexico, this opening is found
to be between the second and third premolar, over the third premolar (both
specimens from the same locality),and between the third premolarand the first
molar, and is thus shown to vary greatly.
TAGASSU. 65
48. crusnigrum (Tayassu), Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., xxx1x,
LOO2, Pp. 20.
BoQguETE PECCARY.
Type locality. Boquete, Chiriqui, Panama, Central America.
Altitude, 4,000 feet.
Genl. Char. Allied to T. angulatum, but shoulder stripes appar-
ently darker (young individuals); in adults the same.
Color. ‘‘Legs, arms, central dorsal and central ventral stripes,
black; rump mostly black, a few of the hairs (bristles) annulated
with tawny; conspicuous shoulder stripes, tawny; sides of head and
of body mixed tawny and black; all the hairs annulated with these
colors; hairs on outer surface of ears mostly black; those on inner
surface mostly tawny.’ (Type juv. ad. Bangs, 1. c.)
Measurements. “Old ad. 9. Total length, 1030; hind foot and
hoof, 170; ear, 80. Skull: basal length, 197; occipito-nasal length,
222; zygomatic width, 103; greatest width across squamosals post-
eriorly, 98; palatal length to palatal notch, 140; breadth of basi-
occipital between bullz posteriorly, 19; length of upper molariform
series, 64.’’ (Bangs, l.c.)
B, Olidosus.
Dicotyles Gray (nec Cuv.), Proc. Zool. Soc., 1868, p. 45.
Olidosus Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 1901, p. 120. Type
Tayassu pecart Fischer.
FiG. XXII. TAGASSU PECARI. WHITE-LIPPED PECCARY.
Ex Faun. Bor. Amer. 1, Mamm.
66 TAGASSU.
Size large; mane long, bristly; skull large, heavy; nasals flat on
top; sides of rostrum flattened, swollen over premolars and not
divided by zygomatic ridge; palate broad, flat and without ridge
between first molar and inner side of canine; zygomatic ridge dis-
appearing over second premolar. Second lower molar with posterior
cusp as long and high as the anterior.
KEY TO THE SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES,
A. Rostrum and nasals broadly flattened. PAGE
a. Breast and under parts wittte; Vio. 2s... eee T. pecart 66
b. Breast and under parts grizzled black and
PUlVOUSic ooo ek oe ge ene ee T. p. ringens 66
49. pecari (7Jayassu), Fischer, Zoogn., 111, 1814, p. 285.
albirostris (Sus), Iliger, Abandl, K, Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin,
POTS, Or Ls
labiatus Cuv., Régn. Anim., 1, 1817, p. 238.
WHITE-LIPPED PEccary. Warree, Caribbanco, in Costa Rica.
Type locality. Paraguay.
Geogr. Distr. Guatemala, Central America to Paraguay in South
America.
Genl. Char. Size large; lips and breast white; cranial characters
conspicuous.
Color. Top of head and upper part of face, from above angle of
mouth to a line with the ear, dark rufous brown, palest on cheeks;
rest of upper parts, sides and limbs to heels, dark reddish brown
and black; snout flesh color; upper lips and top of nose, chin, lower
parts of cheeks, throat, breast and under parts white; limbs below
heels light brown, with a blackish brown patch in front; hoofs black;
ears paler than head.
Measurements. About the same as the following subspecies.
Skull: occipito-nasal length, 250; Hensel, 213; zygomatic breadth, 103;
interorbital constriction, 60; length of nasals, 84; palatal length, 163;
breadth of basi-occipital between bulle, posteriorly, 20; length of
upper tooth row, 72; length of mandible, exclusive of incisors, 184;
height of condyle, 79; at coronoid process, 88; length of lower molar
series, 79.
a.—ringens (Tayassu), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xIv, 1901,
Prtate
SAVAGE PECCARY.
Type locality. Apazote, near Yohaltun, State of Campeche,
Mexico.
FIELD COLUMBIAN MUSEUM. PLATE XXVII, ZOULOGY.
TAGASSU (OLIDOSUS) PECARI.
No. 14872 Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. Coll. % nat. size.
| FIELD COLUMBIAN MUSEUM. PLATE XXVIII ZOOLOGY
TAGASSU (OLIDOSUS) PECARI.
No. 14872 Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. Coll. ™% nat. size.
TAGASSU, ODONTOCGLUS. 67
Genl. Char. Size large, ears small; similar to 7. pecart, but white
face markings more extensive. Cranial characters distinctive. As
compared with 7. pecarit the “parietal shield is narrower, elevated
and bulging upward over posterior part of braincase; nasals more
acute anteriorly; premaxille slightly longer; zygomata and posterior
expansion of squamosals decidedly broader; palatal projection behind
molars abruptly narrowed at post molar notch and continuing back-
ward, with smooth parallel sides of equal breadth throughout; bulla
smaller and ending below in an elongated papilla pointing toward
hamular process; basioccipital narrower between bullae poster-
iorly. (Merr., 1. c.)
Color. Above black, slightly grizzled with fulvous, most apparent
on sides of neck and shoulders; muzzle, chin and lips yellowish
white, extending on under jaw to beneath ears; under parts fulvous
black; legs and feet blackish mixed with whitish near hoofs.
Measurements, Total length, 1180 (skin); hind foot, 229 (flesh),
(Merr.). Skull: basal length, 242; Hensel, 231; occipito-nasal length,
270; zygomatic breadth, 112; breadth across squamosals posteriorly,
106; palatal length, 184; breadth of basi-occipital between bulla,
posteriorly, 20; length of upper molar series, 78.
The Pecora, or true Ruminants, is one of the best defined groups
of the Mammalia. Its members are sometimes designated as the
Solid-horned ruminants, in contradistinction to the Hollow-horned
species of the Bovine group. The antlers, which are usually seen
only on the male, are grown in a few months and then dropped,
generally about the time the young are born. Some of these de-
fensive structures are of great size, such as those carried by the
Moose and Wapiti, and it seems almost incredible that their growth
from a mere knob, that formed the base of the antlers of the previous
season, to the sometimes immense perfected antlers when the velvet
disappears, could have been accomplished in so brief a period. Nearly
all lands of any extent, except Australia, possess representatives of
this Family, and its members are probably familiar to more of the
human race than those of most groups of Mammals. All sizes, from
the lordly Moose to the diminutive Musk Deer, are found among
them, and the shapes and styles of the horns are many and diverse.
All climates are encountered by these animals, from the ice and snow-
covered barrens of the Arctic regions to the sun-baked soil of tropical
lands, but, whérever found, suitable modifications in structure and
covering have been produced to fit them to resist and overcome any
climatic influence hostile to their well being.
68 ODONTOCCELUS.
In the countries south of the Mexican and United States boundary
only diminutive members of the Cervip# are found, and but few
species even of these. Most of them represent in miniature the
White-tailed Deer of the United States, similar in color and style of
antlers, though in certain species there is a tendency to a darkening
of the coat and to the disappearance of the metatarsal gland and
tuft, which, indeed, in some are entirely wanting. The darker color
is merely characteristic of animals living in humid climates, but the
absence of glands is not so easily explained.
Fam. Il. Cervidee. Deer.
Antlers solid, always present on the male, sometimes also on the
female; first molar in upper and lower jaw brachyodont; lachrymal
bone prevented from articulating with the nasals by an extensive
antorbital vacuity; lachrymal duct with two orifices at or inside rim
of orbit; upper canines often present, sometimes greatly elongated
in the male; lateral hoofs nearly always present on all the feet; no
gall bladder.
Subfam. I. Cervinee.
28. Odontoccelus.
Vo ; Ces = ee iN eae = = 32.
Odocoileus (sic) ea Atlantic Jour., 1; 1832; No.3, p Tog) ames
Type Odocoileus! speleus Rafin.=Cervus americanus? Erxleben.
Mazama H. Smith, Griff. Anim. King., v, 1827, p. 314. (nec
Rafin.)
Dorcelaphus Gloger, Hand-u. Hilfsb. Naturg., 1841, p. 140.
Cariacus Less., Nouv. Tab. Régn. Anim., 1842, p. 173.
Oplacerus Haldeman, Proc. Acad. Scien. Phil., 1, 1842, p. 188.
Reduncina Wagn., Schreb. Saugeth., Iv, 1844, p. 373.
Macrotis Wagn., Schreb. Saugeth. Suppl., Iv, 1844, p. 373.
Eucervus Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 3d Ser., xvi1, 1866, p. 338.
Otelaphus Fitzin., Sitzungsber, Math. Cl. K. Ak. Wiss. Wien.,
LEVIN, Abth. ty Heys ph on
Gymnotis Fitzin., Sitzungsber, Math. Cl. K. Ak. Wiss. Wien.,
LEXVI, Abth. 1; 1879, pages.
Dama Zimm., Allen. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1902, pp. 18-20.
Size large; antlers on male only, large, with sub-basal snag,
anterior prong of main fork more developed than the posterior one;
metatarsal gland and tuft generally present; tail usually long, thickly
haired beneath; face gland small; gland pit moderate; upper canines
absent.
IELD COLUMBIAN MUSEUM. PLATE XXIxX, ZOOLOGY.
ODONTOCCELUS A. TEXENSIS.
No. 7612 Field Columbian Mus, Coll. 2 nat. size.
eA SA
Aa ; ; gn ee
; , ; f) eal Bee
PA, ° a: 7 rice, Way
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us : ie 7
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FIELD COLUMBIAN MUSEUM. PLATE XXX, ZOOLOGY.
ODONTOCCELUS A. TEXENSIS.
No. 7612 Field Columbian Mus, Coll. % nat, size,
i
See,
h
ae igs
a,
=
» ey
Pr
i
i
ODONTOCGELUS. 69
hey LOULHE SPECIES AND) SUBSPECIES,
A. Size small.
a. Horns similar in shape to those of O. americanus. PAGE
a.’ Upper parts pale reddish; tail above black.O. a. texensis 70
b.’ Upper parts dull fawn; tail reddish brown...O.a.couesi 70
c.’ Upper parts gray brown; tail grizzled white
Chale OVRO ca RON, pole ah ance ee rea ae a aia O. battyi 7
d.’ Upper parts speckled foxy red; tail foxy red
BEM e attire nate Uenctrn Saale due icnaie wi Conia anal es. O. lichtensteint 72
e.’ Upper parts brown, tipped with fawn;
ici heels s Cito OMAR gc: yas eve av «3 We O. rothschildi 72
b. Horns slightly lyrate, beams straight.
a.’ Tarsal gland present.
a./’ Upper parts bright chestnut; tail above
RSME Waanvaserais ic catets Sichuan ot ocehe eimai fun eens (ae O. uit ~ 93
b.’” Upper parts mixed black and buff; tail
OO We CLL MOM KN nomi aesun eihabode «sr O. costaricensis 73
c.’’ Upper parts yellowish brown and gray;
Gala ONE GUSH ofc 2 oe kale wane ge bear O. nemoralis 74
b.’ Tarsal gland absent.
a.’’ Upper parts dark chestnut brown; tail
AIO MEG ROWE crite a. 3.tlu) Shea eec shale bre ws QO. toltecus 74
ce. Horns sloping back on plane of face, tips
curvigg inward and forward, with a spike
from burr on inner side curving inward
EON WAL OI Sars aA AS SSTR Macs Ste oa Sew wie re ew O. thomast 75
ao oras small’subcylindrical spikes’........2..45 O. nelsont 75
- B. Size large.
a. Horns with a single branch from main tine. .O. cerrosensis 76
b. Horns with short sub-basal snag, and beam
curving upward and forming a dichotomous
fork and again dividing, the normal points
being five on a side.
a.’/* Upper parts tawny; tail white with black
eR A OI CEN TR Geol Ste st eng eae athe O. hemionus 76
b.’* Upper parts pale tawny; tail with dark
median band above, tip black....... O. h. californicus 77
c.’* Upper parts fulvous; tail whitish, tip
aes OPER en ee forsee ieee le ee O.h.eremicus 77
d.’* Upper parts drab gray; tail, basal half
dark, middle part white, tip black......... O.h.canus 78
* Summer pelage described.
70 ODONTOCGELUS.
c.} Horns simple spikes. PAGE
a.’ Upper parts pale drab gray; tail whitish,
tip; black: ../ poe hee eee O.h. peninsule 78
b.’t Upper parts yellowish gray brown; tail
bright: rufous.) ogy peste ca eae O. sinaloe 78
americanus texensis (Dorcelaphus), Mearns, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash.,
EOOG Piven
a. texensis (Odocoileus!), Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 40.
TEXAN Deer. Venado in Mexico for all Deer.
Type locality. Fort Clark, Kinney County, Texas.
Geogr. Distr. Texas and northern Mexico.
Genl. Char. Size small; tip and edges of ears black; horns small,
incurved; molar teeth large; color pale.
Color.—Winter Pelage. Top of head black, sides light ash gray;
upper parts yellowish white and gray mixed; black line from crown
to root of tail; sides pale yellowish ash; chest fuliginous; rest of
under parts white; chin white, with black transverse cross-bar; jaws
light ash; throat white; legs reddish fawn mixed with gray and
black; tail black above, white below.
Summer Pelage. Pale reddish.
Measurements. Total length, 1585; tail vertebra, 265; ear from
crown, 160; height at shoulder, 880.
Antlers. Length of beam on outside curve, 440; widest expanse,
330; circumference of beam at base, 80.
americanus cowesi (Cervus), Coues and Yarrow, in Wheel. Geog.
and Geol. Surv. West rooth Merid., 1875, p. 72.
americanus couest (Odocotleus!), Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901,
Deng:
mexicanus Baird, N. Am. Mamm., 1875, p. 653. (Part.)
virginianus var. Coues and Yarrow, in Wheel., Rep. Geog. and
Geol. Surv. West rooth Merid., v, 1875, pp. 72-75.
var. couest Rothrock, Rep. Geog. and Geol. Surv. West rooth
Merid.,- v5.167 5: arya:
CoveEs’ DEER.
Type locality. Camp Crittenden, Pima County, Arizona.
Geogr. Distr. Arizona and State of Sonora to City of Mexico.
Genl. Char. Smaller than O. americanus, horns similar.
Color.—Summer Pelage. Above pale dull fawn color, tinged with
ochraceous; dorsal area mouse gray; sides tawny or reddish brown;
+ Animal not fully. adult.
t Animal not fully adult.
w
ODONTOCGLUS. 71
Fic. XXIII. ODONTOCCELUS A COUES!. CouEs’ DEER.
throat, under parts and inner side of limbs white; tail above reddish
brown, fringed with white, beneath pure white.
Measurements. Height at withers, 812; at rump, 902; ears, 197.
Skull: occipital condyles to apex of intermaxille, 210; width across
orbits, 96; zygomatic width, 90; interparoccipital width, 45; length of
nasals, 68; occipital condyles to anterior edge of intermaxille, 210.
50. battyi (Odocoileus!), Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1903, p.
oe
Batty’s DEER.
Type locality. Rancho Santuario, State of Durango, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Similar to O. a. couest, but skull with smaller ant-
orbital vacuities, broader and less arched nasals; basisphenoid
more cuneate, dentition heavier and antlers bent more sharply
outward.
Color.—Winter Pelage. Upper parts gray brown, sometimes
tinged with buff, top of head and dorsal line to tail darkest; flanks
lighter; middle of throat white; sides of throat, cheeks, foreneck
and chest pale grayish brown, sometimes with a buffy tinge; lower
breast, axilla and inside of fore legs, lower part of abdomen, inguinal
region, inner side of thighs and hind leg, white; tarsal gland white
around a deep orange center; a narrow white band above hoofs;
72 ODONTOCCELUS.
ears gray brown; black patch on side of nose and on lower lip; tail
at base above with the hairs dark brown, tipped with white; some-
times deep ochraceous with the base yellowish brown; edges and lower
surface white or mixed yellow and white; hind part of rump white;
ear externally gray brown, white internally.
Measurements. Male, total length, 1574; head and body, 1371;
tail vertebre, 216; ear from crown, 190; from notch, 160. Skull:
total length, 248; occipito-nasal length, 201; Hensel, 220; zygomatic
breadth, 115; interorbital constriction, 61.5; mastoid breadth, 85.5;
greatest length of nasals, 77; greatest width of nasals, 31; length of
upper premolar series, 69.5; length of mandible, 192; height, at
condyle, 64; at coronoid, 96; length of lower premolar series, alveolar
border, 72. Antlers: length of main beam along external curvature,
353; from burr to top of fork of first point in straight line, 71; to
second, 179; from second to third, 103; between tips, 218; between
burrs, 56; greatest expanse, inside measurement, 340.
51. lichtensteini (Cervus), Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., rg02,
p. 20 (footnote).
*mexicana Licht., Darstell. Thiere, 1827, p. 34, pl. xvitt. (nec
Gmel. et Auct.)
Mexican DEER.
Type locality. Unknown.
Geogr. Distr. Southern Mexico, range unknown.
Genl. Char. Size small, resembling O. americanus in style of
horns and general appearance; tail short; metatarsal gland situated
in thick tuft of hair.
Color.—Winter Pelage. Grayish or ashy brown, under parts paler;
chin, throat, and inguinal regions white; chest reddish brown; tail
above at base like the back, tip and under part white.
Summer Pelage. Upper parts speckled foxy red; head and ears
dark grizzled gray, tawny behind and below ears; chin, lower jaw,
throat and under parts pure white; tail bright foxy red above,
beneath white.
Measurements. Height at shoulder, 2 feet 9 inches; antlers 11%
inches long to 13% along the curve.
52. rothschildi (Dama), Thomas, Novitat. Zoél., 1x, 1902, p. 136.
RoTHSCHILD’s DEER.
Type locality, Coiba Island, off west coast of Panama.
Genl. Char. Size very small; horns short, two or three tined.
Skull small, delicate; antorbital vacuities large; no metatarsal gland.
* Cervus mexicanus Gmel. is indeterminable; see Allen, Bull. Am. Mus.
Nat. Hist., 1902, p. 20, footnote.
ODONTOCCELUS. 73
Color. Upper parts brown, hair tipped with fawn; dorsal line
darker; whitish mark on each side of muzzle, and one above and
below each eye; chin, throat, inner sides of the upper part of fore
legs, inguinal region, and inner side of thighs white; rest of under
parts rufous fawn, as are also the outer side of thighs and feet; tarsal
glands reddish brown; tail above at base fawn, terminal portion
black, beneath white.
Measurements. Head and body, 1120; tail, 100; hind foot, with
hoofs, 290; ear from notch, 88 (skin). Skull: greatest length, 201;
basal length, 180; greatest breadth, 86.5; nasals, 6422.5; muzzle to
orbit, 103; breadth of braincase, 58; muzzle to anterior premolar, Gr
alveolar length of upper tooth row, 65; of lower tooth row, 26.
53. *truii (Odocoileus!), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., x11, 1898, p.
103 (note).
clavatus True, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 1888, p. 417. (nec H. Smith).
TRUE’s DEER.
Type locality. Segovia River, Honduras.
Geogr. Distr. Honduras, Central America. Extent of range not
known.
Genl. Char. Size medium; metatarsal gland present. Antlers
simple spikes, directed backward in line of face.
Color.—Summer Pelage. Bright chestnut; dusky brown band from
nose to forehead, which is darker than face; orbital ring whitish; white
spot on each side of nostril and one on lower lip; head beneath and
throat white; back bright chestnut; chest and flanks pale chestnut;
neck pale grayish chestnut; abdomen, inguinal region and inside of
fore legs and thighs white; tail above tawny, beneath white; hairs of
tarsal gland white.
Antlers. Slightly lyrate in form; beams straight, slender, laterally
compressed and pointed; basal two-thirds rugose.
Measurements. (Skin.) ‘Height at shoulder, 732, length of head,
246; tail to end of hairs, 239; length of antler, 88; juv.’’ (True, 1. c.)
Skull: basal length, 200-220; length of upper tooth row, 66; lower
tooth row, 73; length of three lower premolars, 28.
54. +costaricensis (Odocoileus!), Miller, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xiv,
POOL, Pi 35.
* The animal with red pelage as described by Dr. True, will stand for the
type clavatus=iruii, The example mentioned by Dr. True, as in ‘‘ Winter
Pelage,’’ proves on examination and on the statement to me of Mr. Townsend,
who obtained it, to have been killed in July. It is a larger animal than truiz,
and very differently colored, and cannot be supposed to exhibit a pelage other
than that of summer. It possibly represents a separate race.
+ This may possibly be the same as O. nemoralis, the following species, exam-
les of which from Costa Rica are stated to be in the British Museum. See
ydekker, Deer of all Lands, 1898, p. 265.
74 ODONTOCGELUS,
Costa Rica DEER.
Type locality. Talamanca, eastern side of Costa Rica, and the
foot of the Cordilleras.
Geogr. Distr. Known only from Costa Rica.
Genl, Char. Larger than O. truit, color lighter.
Color, Above mixed black and buff, the hairs being black with a
buff subterminal band; darkest on top of head, neck and fore part
of back; sides lighter; throat whitish; under parts wood brown;
inguinal region and line along belly to chest white; tail above cinna-
mon, tip dusky; beneath white; ears dark brownish gray outside,
white inside; legs cinnamon.
Measurements. Total length, 1400; tail, 120; hind foot, 375; ear
from crown, rro. Skull: greatest length, 250-264; basal length,
237-250; median palatal length, 155-165; width of palate between
anterior molars, 38-46; interorbital constriction, 57-64; greatest
width between lower rims of orbit, to1—112; zygomatic breadth,
94.6—108; mastoid breadth, 74-86; occipital depth, 57-58; length of
mandible, 190-195; upper tooth row, 68; lower tooth row, 79-82;
length of three lower premolars, 31-33.
55. nemoralis (Cervus), H. Smith, Griff. Anim. King., tv, 1827,
Re i i
HAMILTON SmitH’s DEER.
Type locality. ‘‘Virginia’’?
Geogr. Distr. Honduras to Panama, Central America.
Genl, Char, Similar to O. truit. Metatarsal gland very small.
Antlers small; beams straight, with a small tine in front above the
burr pointing upward; another tine at tip turned inward and for-
ward, with a short posterior tine almost making a forked termina-
tion to the beam,
Color, Forehead and crown blackish; upper lp and patch on
lower lip, black; sides of nostrils, lower lip, and chin, white; space
around eye fawn; rest of upper parts and sides yellowish brown
gray; under parts of buttocks white; limbs “‘ochery’’; tail above
dusky, beneath white.
Measurements. Height at withers, 98.5; antler, 90.5 in length;
spread, 219.4.
56. toltecus (Cervus), Sauss., Rev. Mag. Zodél., 2me Sér., x11, 1860,
Pp. 247.
yucatanensts Hays, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., x, 1874, p. 278.
acapulcensis (Cervus), Caton, Antel. & Deer, Amer., 1877, p. 113.
YUCATAN DEER.
Type locality. Near Orizaba, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico.
ODONTOCCELUS. 75
Geogr. Disir. State of Vera Cruz to Yucatan, southeastern
-Mexico.
Genl. Char. Size very small; tail long; antlers short, straight,
semi-palmate; metatarsal gland wanting. Color same at all seasons.
Color. Upper parts dark chestnut brown; under parts white;
face blackish; tail brown above, white beneath. Color of pelage
does not change with the seasons.
Measurements. One-third smaller than O. americanus.
57. thomasi (Odocoileus!), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., x11, 1898,
Dp. Tod,
Tuomas’ DEER.
Type locality. WHuehuetan, State of Chiapas, Mexico.
Geogr. Disir. States of Oaxaca and Chiapas, southeastern
Mexico. Limits of range unknown.
Genl. Char. Size large; metatarsal gland very small, midway
between calcaneum and hoof. Skull and teeth similar to those of
O. truit from Honduras.
Color. Wanter Pelage. General color fulvous; forehead black, or
black and fulvous; inside of thighs, middle of belly, hind part of fore
legs, and inguinal region white; chin white, with the usual black
patch on each side; tail above bright fulvous, beneath white.
Antlers slope backwards nearly on plane of face, with tips curving
inward and forward. On inner side near burr of both beams is a
spike 110 mm. in length, which curves backward and _ forward.
Spread between tips of these spikes 50 mm. On the left beam 70 mm.
from tip is a posterior prong 50 mm. long which projects backward
and inward.
Measurements. Type. Total length, 1544; tail vertebre, 153;
hind foot, 425 (ex Merr., l.c.). Skull: basal length, 220-230; length
of upper tooth row, 70; lower tooth row, 73; length of three lower
premolars, 32.
58. nelsoni (Odocoileus!), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., x11, 1898,
i, 103,
Nevson’s DErrR.
Type locality. San Christobal, highlands of State of Chiapas,
Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. State of Chiapas, southern Mexico.
Genl. Char. Size medium; top of head and dorsal band blackish.
Color. Above brownish gray, grizzled tips of hairs fulvous; black
stripe from nose to forehead, which is also blackish; dorsal band
from head to rump black; ears grizzled gray; chin white, crossed by
black bar; inner and back side of fore legs, inner side of thighs, and
76 ODONTOCGELUS.
inguinal regions white; sides of belly and legs pale fulvous; tail above
fulvous, beneath white. :
Measurements. Type. ‘Total length, 1250; tail vertebre, 170;
hind foot, 360”’ (Merr., l. c.).. Animal probably not fully grown.
59. cerrosensis (Odocoileus!), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., x11,
1898, p. Ior..
Cerros ISLAND DEER.
Type locality. Cerros or Cedros Island, off coast of Lower Cali-
fornia, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Type locality only.
Genl. Char. Similar to O. h. californicus, but smaller.
Color. Above dark grizzled gray; blackish dorsal band from
occiput to and over upper surface of tail; dusky spot on top of nose
and one each side of nostrils; forehead dark; ears grizzled gray exte-
riorly, interiorly white; throat and neck dusky gray; middle of breast
and fore legs blackish; sides of breast and belly like upper parts;
abdomen, and inguinal region whitish; thighs, inner side of hind legs,
and back of fore legs buffy; tail, dark band above, basal two-thirds
whitish, remainder blackish.
Antlers. Small, bowed outward, tips incurved. A single branch
projects backward and upward from upper third of main tine.
Measurements. Type. Total length, 1560; tail vertebra, 180;
hind foot, 380; ear from crown, 180 (ex Merr., 1. c.).
60. hemionus (Cervus), Rafin., Amer. Month. Mag., 1, 1817, p. 436.
macrotis Say, Long’s Exped. Rocky Mts., 11, 1823, p. 88.
auritus Ward, Desc. Etats Unis, v, 1820, Pp. 540.
hemionus (Odocoileus), Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1go1, p. 42.
MuLeE DEER.
Type locality. ‘‘Sioux River,’ probably on eastern border of
South Dakota.
Geogr. Distr. Lower California north through Nevada to lati-
tude of San Francisco, and west of the Missouri River from Fort
George, south to Texas; including North and South Dakotas,
Nebraska, Kansas, Colorado, and Wyoming, Montana, Idaho,
Nevada, California, Oregon, and Washington.
Genl. Char. Size large, body heavy; ears very large, thickly
haired; tail moderate, round, white, tipped with a black tuft, naked
beneath basally. Metatarsal gland occupying upper half of outer
side of canon bone; tarsal gland present.
Antlers with short sub-basal snag, the beam from this projecting
outward and then upward, forking dichotomously, both prongs
nearly equal, and then again dividing.
ODONTOCCELUS. 77
Color. Summer Pelage. Pale yellow, dull yellowish, or yellowish
tawny; this is replaced in the early autumn by a bluish gray coat,
growing lighter in color as the hairs lengthen during the winter. A
dark brown patch on forehead between the eyes and extending below
them on the face; remainder of face and throat white, as are also the
abdomen, inner side of legs and buttocks; rest of under parts blackish
brown; tail white, tip black; ear bordered with black anteriorly.
Measurements. Total length, male, 1983; tail vertebra, 203.
*Antlers. Length along curve, 393-698; tip to tip, 189-369;
widest inside, 369-483.
a.—californieus (Cariacus), Caton, Amer. Nat., 1876, p. 464.
h. californicus (Odocotleus!), Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 43.
CALIFORNIA MuLeE Derr.
Type locality. St. Julian Ranch, Summit of Gaviota Pass,
Coast Range, forty miles from Santa Barbara, California.
Geogr. Distr. In the Coast Range south of San Francisco and
into Lower California, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Ears smaller than those of the type species; tail differs
from that of O. hemionus by having a dark median stripe above;
metatarsal gland very large.
Color. Similar to O. hemionus, the chief difference being the
dark band on top of the tail embracing one-third of the circumfer-
ence; under side of tail naked, tip black.
Measurements. Rather smaller in size than O. hemionus.
b.—eremicus (Dorcelaphus), Mearns, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xx,
1897, Pp. 470.
Desert MuLeE DEER.
Type locality. Sierra Seri, near the Gulf of California, State of
Sonora, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Lower California and State of Sonora, Mexico.
Limits of range unknown.
Genl. Char. Size large, color pale.
Color. Above pale drab gray; dark vertebral line from neck to
tail, extending a short distance on latter; inguinal region, abdomen,
and middle of tail all around white; chest sooty drab; hind part of
legs pale cinnamon; upper side of tail at base dusky, middle portion
all white; end black like true O. hemionus.
Antlers are stout, with beam of considerable length before forking;
expanse between tips, 620-775.
Measurements. The type of this form was merely a flat skin
* Ward’s horn measurements.
78 ODONTOCGELUS,
which is now used as a rug in a private house in Washington, D. C.,
and no measurements are available.
e.—eanus (Odocoileus!), Merr., Proc. Wash. Acad. Nat. Scien., 111,
IQOT, p. 560.
CutnuAHuA MuLeE Derr.
Type locality. Sierra en Media, State of Chihuahua, Mexico.
Genl, Char, Similar to O. hemionus, but paler (winter pelage).
Antlers similar but lighter and more slender.
Color. Above pale gray; top of head and face pale brown; chin
white; breast black; beneath white; tail above dark on basal half,
sometimes for the whole length, tip black.
Measurements. Total length, 1830; tail vertebra, 230; hind foot,
500; height at withers, 955.
d.—peninsula (Mazama), Lydekk., Proc. Zoél. Soc., 1897, p. 899-900.
LOWER CALIFORNIA DEER.
Type locality. La Paz, Lower California, Mexico.
Geogr, Distr. Cape region of Lower California.
Genl. Char. Size small, black dorsal line.
Color. Wunter Pelage. Above iron gray; dorsal black band
extending over the tail; flanks and legs chestnut; under parts black-
ish brown; tail white with black base and tip.
Antlers. Simple spikes, and basal snag.
Measurements. Smaller than O. h. californicus.
61. sinalozw (Odocoileus!), Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1903, p.
O13.
SINALOA WHITE-TAILED DEER.
Type locality. Escuinapa, State of Sinaloa, Mexico.
Color. Above yellowish gray brown; black band above nose;
sides of nose, space behind nose band, and orbital ring gray; chin
and throat buffy grayish white; axillary and inguinal regions, posterior
surface of upper fore legs and inner side of thighs white; limbs buffy
brown anteriorly; yellowish white on sides and hind parts below
carpal and tarsal joints; tail above bright rufous, below white; ears
whitish inside.
Measurements. Total length, 1435; tail vertebra, 175; hind foot,
340; ear from notch, 117; from anterior base, 145. Skull: total
length, 215; Hensel, 200; occipito-nasal length, 182; length of nasals,
56; zygomatic breadth, gt; width of frontals at anterior border of
orbit, 54.5; width of constriction at base of horns, 69; mastoid
breadth, 65; alveolar length of upper premolar-molar series, 70;
young adult; antlers slender spikes, 45 and 88 mm. in length in two
individuals,
FIELD COLUMBIAN MUSEUM. PLATE XXxXI, ZOOLOGY.
MAZAMA SARTORI.
No, 7631 Field Columbian Mus, Coll. 34 nat. size.
MAZAMA. 79
The Brockets are natives of Mexico, Central America, and South
America. They are small in stature, and possess antlers in the form
of spikes, without any branches. The metatarsal gland is wanting,
and in certain instances (South American species) the tarsal gland
and tuft also. They are peculiar little creatures, with the top of the
head tufted, similarly to the Muntjac’s, or to those of the diminutive
Antelopes of the genus Madoqua, the Dik-Diks of Africa, with a
rather heavy, ungraceful body and an arched back. The fawns are
spotted with white, like those of the large species of deer, and canines
are sometimes present in the males. Although fossil remains have
been found in Brazil and Argentina, the Brockets are considered to
be a modern, as well as a degenerate group of New World deer.
29. Mazama. Brockets.
Pe er ee = 32 or 34.
4—4 *o—o o—o’ 3—3?
Mazama Rafin., Amer. Month. Mag., 1, 1817, p. 363. Type Cervus
rufinus Illiger.
Horns simple, unbranched, directed backward; ears and tail
short, the former broad, rounded; upper canines occasionally present
in male; metatarsal and sometimes the tarsal gland absent; hair on
forehead forming a tuft; face gland small, exposed; gland pit deep,
triangular; size small; fawns white spotted.
Fig. XXIV. MAZAMA SARTORI. CENTRAL AMERICAN BROCKET.
80 MAZAMA,
KEY TO: THE SPECIES:
A. Antlers straight spikes, size small. PAGE
a. Upper parts brownish red; tail above brownish
4 - a ae a ene eee dete" 8. | M. sartort 80
b. Upper parts drab brown; tail dull fulvous. ..../ VM. pandora 80
62. sartori (Cervus), Sauss., Rev. Mag. Zodl., 2me Sér., x11, 1860,
D. 252.
Sartori’s Brockett. Cabra del Monte in Costa Rica.
Type locality, Mirador, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico.
Geogr, Distr. Southern Mexico and Central America.
Genl. Char. Very similar to Masama tema Rafin., from Ecuador,
S. A., but of smaller size, the height at withers being only 204
inches, to 25% inches in the other.
Color, General color bright brownish red; throat, neck, and chest
fawn; abdomen white; lower part of face, outer side of hind legs and
front of fore legs shaded with bluish black; tail above like back,
below white; antlers whitish horn color,
Measurements, Height at withers, 512.5. Skull, male: occipito-
nasal length, 144; basal length, 162; zygomatic width, 70; least inter-
orbital width, 36; mastoid width, 32; length of nasals, 50; palatal
arch to incisive foramina, 66; length of upper tooth row, 42.5; width
of palate between last molars, 29; length of mandible, angle to
alveoli of incisors, 126.5; height at condyle, 40; at coronoid process,
62; length of lower tooth row, 51.
63. pandora (\/asama), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XIV, 1901, p. 105.
TUNKAS BROCKET.
Type locality, Tunkas, Yucatan, Mexico,
Geogr, Distr. State of Campeche, and Yucatan, Mexico,
Genl, Char. Antlers straight spikes, furrowed longitudinally.
Skull similar to that of AZ. sartort, but larger; foramen ovale broad and
opening downward; notch on each side of basioccipital in front of
occipital condyles,
Color. Neck grayish; chin, lower lip, and front of upper lip,
inguinal region, inner sides of fore legs and thighs, and under side of
tail whitish; tail above, and anal region dull fulvous; forehead with
rusty red patches; fore legs, fore and hind feet dull fulvous; rest of
animal drab brown,
Measurements, Total length, 1125; tail vertebra, 140; hind foot,
273; height at shoulder, 572. Skull: basal length, 163; occipito-
nasal length, 1§7; zygomatic breadth, 82; interorbital constriction,
44; length of nasals, 59; length of upper molar series, 50; length of
antler, r1r3.
ANTILOCAPRA,. 81
The Prong-horn Antelope, while allied to the Bovide, resembles
the members of the Cervide by possessing horns with branches, and
which are shed every year. The hair is very peculiar, being coarse
and brittle, and breaks on the slightest pressure. The Prong-horn is
an animal of the plains, and depends for its safety upon its keen
eyesight and exceeding fleetness. Few animals can keep up with
him as he bounds over the prairies, and his wary nature makes a
near approach difficult of accomplishment. Yet his one great weak-
ness, curiosity, often nullifies these advantages, and any strange
object on his domains proves an irresistible attraction, and his desire
to investigate it often costs him his life. Once numerous on our
Western Plains, the Prong-buck has already vanished from many
localities, and is now met with only in greatly reduced numbers in
the comparatively few places it still frequents.
‘am. IIL. Antilocapridze. Prong-horn Antelope.
Horns branched, deciduous; allied to the Bovide.
30. Antilocapra.
C=O, 0-0, rr 3-3. Fae |
I. re ee me aot M.S 92).
Antilocapra Ord, Jour. de Phys., uxxxvir, 1818, p. 149. Type
Antilope americana Ord,
Dicranocerus H. Smith, Griff., Anim. King., 1827, p. 312.
nTime ay geting ht
iN
a. p
es " ‘
Fig. XXV. ANTILOCAPRA A. MEXICANA. MEXICAN PRONG-HORN.
82 ANTILOCAPRA,
Horns compressed at base; flattened process in front, end conical,
recurved; deciduous; lateral hoofs absent; hair stiff, coarse, brittle;
nose hairy, save a narrow line in the center; tail very short; horns in
the female rudimentary, or absent.
KEY TO THE SPECIES, AND SUBSPBECIES:,
A. Horns flattened, recurved. PAGE
a. Color yellowish brown coca de ak een eee A. americana 82
b, Color’ paler... cain wats in piney vce anne rie A. a. mexicana 82 -
64. *americana (Antilope), Ord, Guth. Geog., 2d Am. ed., 11, 1815,
p. 292, descrip. p. 308.
americana (Antilocapra), Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 43.
PRONG-HORN ANTELOPE.
Type locality. Plains east of the Missouri? Black Mountains?
Geogr. Distr. Valley of Saskatchewan, latitude 53°, south to
Mexico, and from Missouri River on plains westward to Rocky
Mountains and the Cascade Range in Oregon and Washington.
Genl. Char. Size of domestic sheep with much longer legs and
neck; eyes large, gazelle like; no lachrymal gland; low mane on back
of neck.
Color. Male. Upper parts and sides yellowish brown; band
between eyes covering forehead, nose, and a spot below ear, liver
brown; sides of head, spot behind ear, throat, front of neck extending
in two triangles reaching the brown on each side; entire under parts
and rump white; legs yellowish brown; horns, hoofs, and naked skin
on nose black.
Measurements. Total length, 1245; tail, 178; height at withers,
780. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 240; breadth between outer edge
of orbits, 136; width between orbits, 134; length of nasals, 96.5;
palatal arch to incisive foramina, 136; length of upper tooth row, 68;
width of palate between last molars, 56; length of mandible, 216;
length of lower tooth row, 70.
a.—mexicana (Antilocapra), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xIv,
IQOI, p. 31.
MEXICAN PRONG-HORN. Berendo in Mexico.
Type locality. Sierra en Media, State of Chihuahua, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Northern Mexico in States of Sonora, Chihuahua,
and Tamaulipas. Lower California.
* This species may possibly cross the United States and Mexican boundary
at some point in its range and go into Mexico, and is, therefore, included in
this volume.
FIELD COLUMBIAN MUSEUM. PLATE XXxXiIl, ZOOLOGY.
ANTILOCAPRA A, MEXICANA.
Old male from State of Chihuahua, Mexico. 2 nat, size.
LD COLUMBIAN MUSEUM.
PLATE XXxXill, ZOOLOGY.
ANTILOCAPRA A. MEXICANA.
Old male from State of Chihuahua, Mexico. 2 nat. size.
OVIS. 83
Genl. Char. Colors pale. Skull similar to that of A. americana,
orbits less protruding antero-inferiorly; premaxille and nose slender;
bulle thinner; lips of posterior nares longer.
Color. Similar to A. americana, but paler; median dark streak on
neck, sometimes reaching shoulders; occiput whitish with median
dark stripe.
Measurements. Total length, 1420; tail vertebre, 145; hind foot,
410; height at shoulders, 830 (ex Merr., 1. c.). Skull: occipito-nasal
length, 216; breadth between outer edge of orbits, 125; width
between orbits across frontals, 104; length of nasals laterally, 93;
palatal arch to incisive foramina, 127; length of upper tooth row, 72;
width of palate between last molars, 46.5; length of mandible, angle
to alveoli of incisors, 204; height of condyle, 67; at coronoid process,
95; length of lower tooth row, 76. Skull of old male from State of
Chihuahua, Mexico.
The Bovip& or Hollow-horned Ruminants form an extensive family
in the Old World, and are very generally distributed except in Austra-
lia. They are not represented in Central or South America, but certain
forms are to be found in Mexico and northward to the Arctic Sea.
One of the noblest members of the family, the American Bison, which
at one time was found in millions on the plains of North America, is
now practically extinct in the wild state. In this family are included
the Antelopes, confined chiefly to Africa, in which continent a great
number of species are still to be found. But some, which in herds
like those of the Bison, once roamed the veldt in countless numbers,
have disappeared before the hunter’s rifle, and many species yet
living will meet the same fate if government protection is not
afforded them. In America, beside the Bison, now no longer to be
considered as among the wild animals, there are the Musk Oxen and
several varieties of Mountain Sheep. Of these last, two varieties of the
Rocky Mountain species are found in the northern part of Mexico
and Lower California, and are the only representatives of the Bovide,
south of the United States boundary.
Fam. IV. Bovidz. Cattle, Sheep, Ete.
31. Ovis. Sheep.
St 8. psa I 3s 3 —
as Cs reer eer — 32-6
Ovis Linn., Syst. Nat., 1, 1758, p. 70; and I, 1766, p.97. Type Ovis
aries Linneus.
84 OVIS.
Body stout; legs rather short; neck of moderate length; nose
narrow, pointed, small naked space between nostrils, rest hairy;
chin beardless; ears small, pointed, upright, hairy; tail short, pointed;
lateral hoofs present; glands present between hoofs, and often on face
below eyes; canon bones long and slender; skull broadest between
eyes, then narrowing rapidly to nose; horns curving backward and
then downward in a majestic sweep, tips everted, transverse ridges
prominent.
KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES. ican
A. Above whitey brown? acme cn. eee O. c. cremnobates 84
B.Above drab: brompttc cl: s. 0 ica ee eatin eee O.c. mexicanus 86
Fie. XXVI. OviS Cc. CREMNOBATES. OLD RAM.
eervina eremnobates (Ovts), Elliot, Pub. Field Columb. Mus., 111,
1903, p. 239. Zodlogy.
LOWER CALIFORNIA MOUNTAIN SHEEP.
Type locality. Mattomi, San Pedro Martir Mountains, Lower
California, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. San Pedro Martir and probably the Laguna Moun-
tains, Lower California, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Resembling O. c. nelsont from the Grape Vine
Mountains, boundary of Nevada and Lower California, but ol: @
much lighter color, the head of a three-year-old ram being nearly
white, with a very small caudal patch not divided from color of
upper parts by any perceptible line; fore part of legs almost black,
PLATE XXXIV, ZOOLOGY.
VIUSEUM.,
Pricey VVLUIVIDIAIN
OVIS C. MEXICANA.
"Tc
AN
FIELD COLUMBIAN MUSEUM. PLATE XXXV, ZOOLOGY.
OvIS C. MEXICANA.
U.S. Nat. Mus. Coll.
Fia. XXVII. OviS C. CREMNOBATES. YOUNG RAM AND OLD EWE.
similar to those of O. stonit; head very broad between orbits, from
20 to 25 mm. broader in old rams than the head of O. c. nelsont;
horns of adult rams very large and curving outward from the head;
those of ewes with the points diverging widely apart.
Color. Upper parts and sides varying in individuals from drab
gray or pale broccoli brown to hair and whitey brown; in some cases
this sheep appears almost white; chest, line along ventral surface,
and front of legs black or brownish black; head and neck hair brown,
darker than back in some individuals, drab gray in the old ram; back
part of legs and inside of hind legs, narrow line in center of ventral
surface, caudal patch, nose around nostrils and inside of ears white;
line across caudal patch from tail to darker color on rump (as in all
Mountain Sheep), and the tail brownish black.
Measurements. Female. Total length, 1450; tail, 120; hind foot,
375; ear, 114. Skull: total length, 283; occipito-nasal length, 226;
Hensel, 246; width between outer edge of orbits, 156; zygomatic
width, 124; length of nasals, 109; palatal length, 148; length of upper
tooth row, 84; length of half of mandible, 203; of lower tooth row, 82.
Horns, total length along curve, 310; circumference at base, 144;
spread at tip, 393. Head of old ram, total length, 330; width
86 OVIS.
between orbits, inner edge, 180; circumference of horns at base, 395;
length along outer curve, 850; spread at tips, 485.
cervina mexicanus (Ovis), (Merr.,) Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xiv,
IQOT, p. 30.
Mexican MountTAIN SHEEP. Borrego Cimaron in Mexico; Tenaizali
Taye of Indians.
Type locality. Mountains about Lake Santa Maria, State of
Chihuahua.
Geogr. Distr. Sierra Madre and Guadalupe Mountains of northern
Mexico and southern New Mexico and Texas.
Genl. Char. Size large; color lighter than that of O. cervina, but
of the same pattern; ears and tail long. Molars large; lips of posterior
nares thin, everted.
Color. General color drab brown; no dorsal stripe; rump patch
broad; throat, legs, and tail darker than back; chin, posterior and
inner side of hind leg whitish.
Measurements. ‘‘Total length, 1530; tail vertebra, 130; hind
foot, 425; height at shoulder, goo.’’ (Merr., 1. c.)
The Tapirs are not a very extensive family, but have representa-
tives in both Hemispheres. They are natives of tropical lands, and
in the New World are not found north of Mexico. They dwell in
the forests, generally near water, into which they often go for refuge,
are nocturnal in their habits, and of a mild, inoffensive disposition.
Their food consists of leaves, buds, and tender shoots of trees, and
various vegetable substances. Tapirs of the Old and New Worlds,
though living in regions widely separated, are nevertheless closely
allied, but the Middle American species are distinguished by
the more or less pronounced elongation of the ossification of the
methesmoid, which in them extends beyond the nasal bones,
but which in Old World forms does not go beyond these. Mem-
bers of this family are not known to have existed previous to
the Miocene epoch, and the animals of that and subsequent periods
cannot be distinguished generically from those living at present,
although they are specifically distinct. At one time doubtless the
Tapirs had a wide distribution, extending from China through Europe,
and in the United States as far north as South Carolina, thence west-
ward to California. Tapirs have a massive body, with short, stout
legs, and a long, prehensile upper lip, short ears, neck rather long,
and a short tail. The front feet have four toes, but the outer one
FIELD COLUMBIAN MUSEUM. PLATE XXXVI, ZOOLOGY |
TAPIRELLA DOW.
No. 6o19 U.S. Nat. Mus. Coll.
Tore] SE. se Se ee
+MOG VITAYIdY L
TAPIRELLA. 87
does not render any support to the body. The young of the Tapirs
are sometimes spotted or streaked with white. In the Andes there is
one species that in its choice of locality differs widely from its rela-
tives, as it makes its abode in elevated tracts of several thousand feet
altitude; and, probably as a protection against the low temperature
of these lofty heights, has the skin covered with hair.
Fam. V. Vapiridze. Tapirs.
32. Tapirella.
13; CH; Pct; MES = qa.
a a ed —=3)?
Tapirella Palmer, Science, 1903, p. 873. (May.)
Elasmognathus Gill, Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil., 1865, p. 183.
(nec Fieber, Hemiptera.) Type Elasmognathus bairdi Gill.
“Supra-maxillaries swollen above and in front of the infraorbital
foramina, and thence extend upward and backward into a squa-
mous portion, which embraces with its fellow a thick, bony nasal
septum continuous with the vomer, and which is elevated to a line with
the forehead, and has a widened upper edge, which still further
enlarges behind and embraces the nasal bones. The grooves for the
muscles of the proboscis are in front, straight, entirely confined to
the frontals, and do not encroach upon the supra-maxillaries; while
behind they describe a spiral curve around a pit between the nasals
and frontals.’’ (Gill 1. c.)
[VSD NG AICO) ls Eh pe a a GN KS
A. Nose elongated, projecting beyond the mouth,
flexible; body stout, heavy.
a. Frontals not advancing between nasals. PAGE
meoume spotted Or streaked ....0. 0. sce es T.bairdt 87
b. Frontals advancing and separating nasals.
moune NOt spoteed Or streaked... ...........055 T.dowt 88
65. bairdi (Hlasmognathus), Gill, Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil., 1865,
Dy. 103%
Bairp’s TaApir.
Type locality. Isthmus of Panama.
Geogr. Distr. Southern Mexico to Panama.
Genl. Char. ‘‘Nasals well developed, each ossified from a single
center, separate through life, thick at their base, and articulated
with one another for the greater part of their length.”’
Color. Dark»reddish brown; throat and breast solid white;
cheeks chestnut; ears margined with white. (Immature specimen.)
88 TAPIRELLA,.
Measurements. Total length, 1to50; height, 575.* (Immature.)
Skull: occipito-nasal length about 455; Hensel, 409; zygomatic width
179; palatal length, 210; length of mandible, angle to tip of incisors,
375:
Fia. XXVIII. TAPIRELLA Dow!. Dow’s TAPIR.
66. dowi (Elasmognathus), Gill, Amer. Jour. Scien. Arts, L, 1870,
ORB
Dow’s TaPir.
Type locality. Gautemala.
Geogr. Distr. Gautemala and Nicaragua, Central America.
Genl. Char. In the young the basilar processes are ‘‘recurrent
forward along the frontal bones, and as the animal advances in age
the frontals grow forward, and force apart the nasals, which do not
increase, and are fused with the frontals.’’ Young without longi-
tudinal whitish stripes.
Color. Face and nose rufous; cheeks pale brown; remainder of
body and limbs blackish brown.
Measurements. About the same as those of T. bairdi.
* An adult should measure twice this size. One obtained by Mr. Heller in
the State of Vera Cruz, Mexico, has the following measurements: Total length,
2020, tail vertebra, 70; hind foot, 375; ear, 140.
Order VI. Rodentia. Rodents.
Coues and Allen, Monographs of North American Rodentia, U. S.
Geol. Survey, 1877.
The Rodents constitute the largest Order of Mammals, and the
numerous members possess a great diversity of form. They are
readily distinguished among all mammals by their incisors, four in
number, two above and two below, (except Hares and Rabbits, which
have a supplementary upper hinder pair in adults,) curved hollow
tubes filled with pulp, hardened at the surface, .he portion beneath
the gum curving and sometimes traversing the length of the jaw bone.
The species are mostly small, the harvest mouse being the pigmy,
from which genus the size increases until the comparatively great
beaver is reached, and he is exceeded in bulk only by the capybara
of South America. The majority, however, are small animals, and
their habits are as diverse as their shapes, and we find among them
not only terrestrial and aquatic creatures, but others which are pro-
vided with extensible membranes between the limbs and body, to
enable them to traverse the air as if carried by parachutes. Rodents
are cosmopolitan, the greatest number being found in South America,
the fewest in Australia. They are mostly herbivorous, yet some, like
the ordinary rat, are omnivorous. The incisors have a continuous
growth and are worn away at the terminal portion by constant gnaw-
ing or by attrition. The molar teeth are usually rootless, and their
crowns often present many varied, even intricate, patterns of enamel
folds and loops. No canine existsin any rodent. Normally the species
of this family generally have no premolars, although in some a small
one is present, and among squirrels two on each side above, and one
below are found, but the additional premolar is frequently deciduous.
The diversity of form and habits is very great in the members of this
order, and we have the tree-loving, graceful squirrel in countless
colors, and its small imitator, the chipmunk; ground squirrels that
live in burrows, and flying squirrels darting through the air; the
innumerable field mice of many genera and species; rice and cotton
rats, pouched rats that live under ground and tunnel long galleries
like the moles; jumping mice with long hind legs and greatly length-
ened tails that possibly may assist their owners in making the
kangaroo-like leaps over the fields; aquatic rats whose home is in the
water, and whosé feet are formed more for swimming than walking—
all these, and more, help to constitute the great order of the Gnawers.
89
90 SCIURIDZ, SCIURIN&Z.
The family first to be considered of this order is that of the Squir-
rels, and excepting the Australian region and the Island of Mada-
gascar, these animals are found in nearly all the temperate and trop-
ical regions of the world. They may be divided into two classes,
the tree squirrels and the ground squirrels, with a kind of connecting
link in the chipmunks of the genus Tamras, which, to a considerable
extent, possess the habits of both. While the tree-squirrels are found
in both temperate and tropical zones, the ground squirrels are dwel-
lers of more northern climes, and some species are found even on the
bleak shores of the Arctic Sea. In the tropics, however, the tree-
squirrels attain their greatest diversity of coloration and highest
development, and in the Oriental region they reach their greatest size
and most brilliant hues. North America is perhaps the third on the
list of those countries in which squirrels are found, being exceeded in
number of species by the Indian and Ethiopian Regions. Europe
and South America have comparatively few species of this family.
Marmots, known usually as woodchucks or ground hogs, are the
largest members of the Sciuride, but none are found within the
limits of this work, and the little chipmunks are among the smallest.
North America is probably the richest of all lands in ground squirrels,
having a large number, varying greatly in size and coloration.
Fam. |. Seiuridz. Squirrels, Marmots, ete.
Coues and Allen, Monographs of North American Rodents, U. S.
Geol. Survey, 1877.
E. W. Nelson, Review of the Squirrels of Mexico and Central
America, Proc. Wash. Acad. Scien., 1, 1899, pp. 15-106.
Tail without scales, cylindrical, bushy, hairs long; distinct postor-
bital processes; infraorbital opening small; molars rooted, tubercular;
first upper premolar small.
Subfam. I. Sciurinee.
KEY TO THE GENERA AND SUBGENERA.
A. Upper incisors grooved. PAGE
a. Size medium, Premolars, =............ Synthetosturus gt
B. Upper incisors not grooved.
a. Size variable; tail flat, bushy, long. Skull
short, broad; braincase more or _ less
mie ae tine
arched. Premolars, — or —..............+.-SCUUrUs 93
b. Size small, total length under 450 mm.
PA: ava ™ It pL
a.’ Premolars, Or
I—I~
a.” Superior outline of skull greatly curved. .7amiasciurus 132
SYNTHETOSCIURUS. 91
b.” Superior outline of skull not greatly PAGE
CITE SOLS Iya op ERG Re Te ee I Guerlinguetus 103
bee remolars, =~.
a.’ Braincase highly arched on posterior
BREMEN UN ONUGENIS cansee so dk wins Wes Aw tes cea cate Microsciurus 98
b.” Braincase rounded and slightly arched
one posterior halt of -iromtals i. 2 ...%)S.. F<: Batoscturus 100
G. Size large; total length over 450 mm.
a.’ Premolars, —.
a.’ Front of skull depressed at base of ros-
ee BU dale yahgeeh cgay, RN OL eae am Ae ae ae ae ee ER Ar@osciurus 106
b.” Front of skull arched at base of ros-
TeTSTNIAA ea tars SRR st Oy cans Bee mo bas Mire Cots Parasciurus 110
b.’ Premolars, —.
a.’’ Tail short, broad, bushy.
a.’’’ Braincase depressed, inflated laterally. Otosciurus 111
b.”” Tail long, narrow, bushy.
a./’’ Nasals equal to least interorbital
[yea] GR clive aia Seta Nes Be ote ao Echinosciwurus 113
b.’’’ Nasals longer than least interorbital
IRGC ane elonyeese ene ieee wake ach wid Hesperosciurus 130
The first genus of the Sciuride is remarkable for the slender
lower incisors which project outwards, and the upper ones are
grooved in the center. But one species is known.
33. *Synthetosciurus.
Syntheosciurus (sic) Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., 1902,
WolxexexIx, p. 25,
Premolars, —. Size small. Skull thin, papery; rostrum straight,
audital bulle small; incisors slender, the lower pair projecting out-
ward, the upper with central groove.
67. brochus (Syntheosciurus!), Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zo6l., xxx1x,
1002, piss.
PROJECTING-TEETH SQUIRREL.
Type locality. Boquete, Chiriqui, Panama. Altitude 7,000 feet.
Genl. Char.” Size small; ears low, round, woolly; pelage long, soft,
woolly; other characters as in genus.
*avV0ET00-Ext0UP0T= Synthetosciurus.
*
92 SYNTHETOSCIURUS.
Fig. 12. SYNTHETOSCIURUS BROCHUS.
No, 10402 Mus. Comp. Zool. Coll. Nat. Size.
Color. Above mixed olivaceous bistre and dull tawny olive;
under fur dark mouse gray; under parts orange rufous; tail above like
back, less olivaceous beneath, fringed with pale rusty.
Measurements. Total length, 320; tail vertebrae, 150; hind foot,
46; ear, 17. Skull: basal length, 35.6; occipito-nasal length, 44;
zygomatic width, 25.2; interorbital width, 12.6; palatal length, 20;
to end of pterygoid, 27.4; length of nasals, 13; width of nasals, 5.8;
length of upper molar series, 7.6; length of mandible, 27.
The next genus Scrurus, with its subgenera, contains the tree
squirrels whose lives are passed among the branches. It possesses
the largest members of these animals in North America, and they are
all remarkable for the long bushy tail, often exceeding the head and
body in length, and which when elevated over the back, is both a
beautiful ornament and a protecting shade. The genus is a very
large one, and has representatives in many parts of the globe, and
the species differ greatly in size and especially in coloration, in which
there is almost endless variation; and as if it were not sufficient for
distinct species to differ from each other, it was evidently deemed
necessary that individuals of the same species should sometimes be
totally unlike in the hues of their coats. It is this variation in color
ae
SCIURUS. 93
among individuals that frequently makes it so difficult to correctly
determine a species, and any one who relies upon these numerous
hues to discriminate what species are before him, will probably, at a
later period, in the discovery of the blunders that have been made,
become a wiser and a sadder man. It will doubtless be a long time
before. the exact status of our American squirrels is satisfactorily
ascertained. Melanism is of frequent occurrence among _ these
animals, and erythrism also; the latter perhaps less often; and
albinism is the rarest of all. Yet in spite of the endless variation in
colors, and the great difference frequently observed in the size of
species, as well as occasionally in their form, few would fail to recog-
nize at once any of these sprightly creatures as not rightfully belong-
ing to the family Sc1uRID&.
The remaining genera contain those species familiarly known as
Gray Squirrels and their allies, although many of them have by no
means a gray pelage. In size, also, these graceful creatures are very
variable, and range from the little Bornean species S. soricinus, no
larger than a mouse, to the great Malayan long-tailed forms almost
as big as a cat. These last are placed in the genus Katuja. As arule,
squirrels have no especial nuptial dress, as birds have, but retain their
individual coloring throughout the year, the completed moult bring-
ing no change. But one exception to this is known, the S. caniceps
of India (northern Tenasserim), which assumes on the upper parts in
winter a bright orange hue, a dress strikingly different from the
ordinary gray or olive livery worn at other seasons of the year. Of
the countries embraced in this volume Mexico contains the greatest
number of these beautiful animals, astonishingly varied in the hues
and patterns of their coats, making accurate determination of their
specific relationship a matter at times of considerable difficulty, as
individuals of the same species, not infrequently, have a totally
different coloration.
34. Sciurus. Tree Squirrels.
Sciurus Linn., Sys. Nat., 1, 1758, p. 63.
Guerlinguetus Gray, Lond. Med. Repos., xv, 1821, p. 304.
Macroxus F. Cuv., Dent’s des Mamm., 1823, p. 162. Jd. Dict.
Cigcc ist vat... x, 1920, p.16. Jd. Dict... Scien: Nat., Lix,
£8203). 474.
Rhetthrosciurus (sic) Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 3d Ser., xx,
COOY. .. 27:2,
Rhinosciurus Gray, List Spec. Mamm. Brit. Mus., 1843, pp. xxv,
195, ArinMag. Nat. Hist., 3d Ser., xx, 1867, p. 286.
Neoscturus Treuss., Le Nat., 11, 1880, p. 292.
4 SCIURUS.
Parasciurus Treuss., Le Nat., 11, 1880, p. 292.
Echinosciurus Treuss., Le Nat., 11, 1880, p. 292.
Tamiasciurus Treuss., Le Nat., 11, 1880, p. 292.
Microsciurus Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1895, p. 332.
Hesperosciurus, Nelson, Proc. Wash. Acad. Scien., 1, 1899, p. 27.
Otosciurus, Nelson, Proc. Wash. Acad. Scien., 1, 1899, p. 28.
Areosciurus Nelson, Proc. Wash. Acad. Scien., 1, 1899, p. 29.
Baiosciurus Nelson, Proc. Wash. Acad. Scien., 1, 1899, p. 31.
Tail broad long, bushy, hairs mostly directed laterally; ears
moderate, hairy, sometimes with long tufts at tip; no cheek pouches.
Skull rather short, broad; postorbital processes directed downward
and backward and well developed; one upper premolar, sometimes
two; in the latter case the first is always very small; antorbital
foramen slit-like, placed anteriorly to the zygomatic process of the
maxillary.
KEY TO THE SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES.,
*A. Size small, total length under 450 mm., but above 300 mm, = PAS®
a. Premolars *—; ears medium long, thinly haired.
a.’ Tail washed with bright ferrugineous...S.@. hojf/manni 104
b.’ Tail washed with tawny............S.@. chiriquensts 104
c.’ Tail washed with yellowish.............. S. richmondt 105
b. Premolars *—~*;
a.’ Ears small or medium, not tufted.
a.’ Ears short, rounded, thickly haired;
total length under 300 mm.
a.” Tail washed: with veqqish. A5 sees ve tues S. alfart 99
b.’” Tail washed with grayish white....... S. brownt 100
c./” Tail washed with tawny olive....S. boquetensis 100
b.”’” Ears medium long, pointed, thinly
haired; total length over 300 mm.
a.’ Back grayish brown... scas fans x ks S. negligens 102
b.’/” Back reddish or yellowish brown.......S. deppit 101
G,!” Back rusty Tedqien cyc ye ch eng sce eee S. d. vivax 102
c. Premolars = or =.
a.’ Ears large, tufted.
a./’ Back gray, belly white, lateral line
Dlatle cai sans Sic rie eee ae S. d. mearnsi 133
* The construction of an intelligible key for the endless variations displayed
by the members of the genus Scrurus is an almost insuperable task, and may
not be attempted unless specimens of all the species are available at one time.
This not having been possible for the author to accomplish, the present key for
the species, with some few additions, has been taken from E. W. Nelson's
* Revision of the Squirrels of Mexico and Central America.”
Saal
an
SCIURUS.,
B. Size large, total length over 450 mm,
a. Premolars ——
a.’ Belly buffy or yellowish.
a.’ Back gray.
a./’’ Median area on back black; belly
MABEL CBO OUT Gin iy es vias oooh Oh S. oculatus
b.”’’ Median area on back washed with
blackish; bellv buffy whitish............ S. toluce
b.” Back yellowish gray.
a./’” Belly rusty yellow; total length over
PG MONG UA a isos Rain kde a)W wk Ridin Sok CN S. apache
b.””” Belly more dingy yellow; total
ISHS UMCER SOOM iy dcr sdk ie S, 7. lexensis
b.’ Belly white.
a.’” Back golden buffy or yellowish, overlaid
with grizzling of black and white .....S. nayaritensis
Back gray.
a.” Back uniform gray or grayish brown;
ears gray; total length under soo mm...... S. allent
Back gray washed with yellowish on
nape and back of shoulders; ears
b 4}
b ‘tr
rusty.
a * Tot: : ae at of
a.” Total length under soo mm.......S. arizonensis
b.* Total length over 500 mm........: S. a. huachuca
b. Premolars *
a.’ Nape patch strongly marked, rump patch
present or absent,
a.” Belly gray, rump patch well marked:
ACCA TIe SUE Ts cuyiris yyoies-kada edie cot ey S. a, Jrumentor
b.” Belly white or buffy.
a.” Rump patch poorly defined or absent.
a." Back dull whitish; belly white or buffy. S. socialis
b.“ Back pale gray; belly white or buffy ..........
ERR PEN Ee ices re a S. p. hernandezi
b.””” Rump patch well defined.
a." Middle of back gray; feet gray or
blackish; belly white...........: S. p. colimensis
b." Middle of back whitish; feet whitish:
eye UMC! OP DULL 6s vey no oa xp) 46 nw we S. s. cocos
c.”’ Belly rufous.
a.’ Feet gray or blackish.
a." Ribs, and sometimes shoulders, rufous.
a.”"Back pale gray; top of head iron
RM LM hin gh 515s, nck goad xv a aoe aD S. aureigaster
95
PAGE
107
107
108
108
109
10g
117
[23
118
ITS
96
SCIURUS.
b’. Back dark gray; top of head
iron gray or blackish...... S.a. hypopyrrhus
b.* Ribs and shoulders not rufous.
a.” Back dingy whitish; nape patch
TUSEV Sy cithenteMine med sae. ten neuen S. socialis
b.° Back bluish gray in middle, re-
mainder sooty brownish......... S.n. hirtus
b.’”’ Feet white.
a.“ Back whitish, rump and nape
patches very bright: «53.1 ey <1 ss 0 owe S. s. cocos
b." Back gray.
a.” Nape patch strongly marked,
Garke WOUS 5 a nent eaemes ras eae S. p. effugius
b.° Nape patch not strongly marked,
Pushy yellowish 2h ocak. ga0 oy vou san S. poliopus
b.’ Nape and rump patches absent or not
well defined.
a.” Nape and 1ump patches not well defined.
a.” Back dark gray, sparingly or not at
all mixed with yellowish hairs.
a.‘ Back and under side of tail dark
iron gray; feet gray..........<.5. p. cerutcalts
b.* Back and under side of tail paler
pray: feet whiteye iis tows qae as S. p. nemoralis
b.’”” Back pale gray mixed with yellowish
hairs; feet white.
a? Belly swine Sieg sk tet aaa S. p. hernandesz’
Bb. (Bellyaitious..c. sao eke tires ate akan S. poliopus
b.’” Nape and rump patches absent.
a.’’”" Back with broad median band of
blackish; rest of body whitish...... S. a. dorsalis
b.’” Back without broad median band
of blackish.
a.‘ Belly pale gray; back coarsely griz-
zled gray or yellowish gray...... S. yucatanensis
b.* Belly dark iron gray; back blackish
gray suffused: with but... 9.945. S. y. baliolus
c.' Belly bright ferrugineous; back yel-
low ferrugineous or blackish brown. .S. v. morulus
d.* Belly blackish or white.
e.° Belly blackish.
a.” Back sooty blackish grizzled
with yellowish tRy cera. sas? S.nelsont
PAGE
I16
123
I21
124
I20
117
11g
Irs
se
HOH
“1 oO
199
125
126
105
I20
SCIURUS. 97
; PAGE
bo Back dark chocolate .....5... 0. S.melania 128
f° Belly white.
a.° Ear tufts present, whitish; back
gray or yellowish gray..... S. yucatanensis 125
b.° Ear tufts absent.
a.’ Ears bordered with black.
a.° Back very dark, lateral line
reddish, ear patches rusty...S. boothie 128
b.* Back grayer, no lateral line;
ear patches very large,
WALI a wheaeracet bie ation ein 6 S. goldmant 130
b.’ Ears not bordered with black.
a.” Back gray.
a.” Size large; total length
about 570 mm.; back
uniform; no lateral line....S. griseus 130
b.’ Size medium, total length
about 485 mm.; median
dorsal area rufous; lat-
Sral tine lacie, yo. os aes S. durangi 112
b.* Back yellowish.
a.’ Ears pale rusty; flanks
IVER OV: 1(c iain a ane ea eae ae ar S. wuu 123
b.” Ears dull rusty; flanks
washed with whitish... S. sinaloensis 122
c.* Back yellowish gray, coarsely
grizzled with black.
a.” Ears gray; yellowish of
back dull, sometimes
VERY AMCISTUMCH cares wo wu S.colli@t 121
b.” Earsrusty; yellow of back
brighter, more buffy...S.c. nuchalis 122
e.* Belly not blackish or white.
a.” Belly buffy.
a.° Back with median area blackish
or dark brown, rest of body
{ODIO ai tse a ora ome Le ee S..a@..d@orsalis’ 127
b.° Back with median area not
blackish.
a. Bars black-edged oi... 1..).. S. variegatoides 129
b.’ Ears not black-edged ....S. managuensis 129
b.* Belly rufous.
98 SCIURUS.
a.” Top of head paler than back.
a.’ All of back blackish brown; PAGE
feet, legs, lower flanks, and
belly dull chestnut rufous..... S.adolpheit 126
b.' Middle of back blackish or
dark yellowish brown or gray-
ish yellow; rest of bodyrufous.S.a.dorsalis 127
b.° Top of head not paler than back.
a.’ Back heavily washed with black.
a.’ Belly rusty ruieuse se ae S.b. beltt 128
b.* Belly rich dark ferrugineous.S. thomasi 126
b.’ Back not washed with black.
a.” Back pale gray or sooty
blackish.
a.” Back pale gray.
a.’° Feet dark gray or
blackish; rufous of
belly sometimes ex-
tending up on ribs. ..S. aureigaster 115
b.” Feet pale gray; rufous
of belly not extending
(0 Bp ig la ea gh S.g.chiapensis 125
b.” Back sooty blackish with
thin wash of yellowish
gray.
a. Back unitormys.) 0055. § S.nelsont 120
b.” Back with area of
bluish gray across the
MULES arene apa a venient S.n,. hirtus 121
b.* Back not pale gray or sooty
blackish.
a.” Back yellowish brown,
sometimes thinly washed
TEE STAY: © Lutncih ahaa . grisetflavus 124
b.” Back blackish, grizzled
with gray or yellowish;
under parts and costal
area rufous.......S.a.hypopyrrhus 116
S)
A. Microsciurus, Allen.
‘‘Size small; ear short, rounded; tail shorter than body, slender,
rounded. Premolars, =. Skull short, broad, and deep at base;
nasals narrow and shorter than interorbital breadth, upper end of
SCIURUS. 99
premaxille very heavy; malar broad and expanded vertically; post-
palatal notch only a trifle posterior to last molar.’’ (Nelson.)
Fic. 13. SciuRUS (MICROSCIURUS) BROWNI.
No. togo4 Mus. Comp. Zool. Nat. Size.
KEY TOebn Eb See Chis OF THE SUBGENUS:
A. Size small; tail slender, round. PAGE
a. Upper parts dusky olivaceous, finely grizzled
iE, re MOMNARIA MUISUNS cts an pisthse foe Gd donnie wah ace eke S. aljart 99
b. Upper parts tawny olive and bistre............. S. brownt 100
c. Upper parts olivaceous brown, shaded with
PeeWee artes Fw Eys oie R Me. aki 2 ad ate S. boquetensts 100
68. alfari (Sciurus), Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1895, p. 333.
ALFARO’s PiGMy SQUIRREL.
Type locality. Jimenez, Costa Rica, Central America.
Geogr. Distr. Northern, eastern, and southwestern Costa Rica.
Genl. Char. Size very small; ears short, rounded; pelage soft,
dense; tail slender, much shorter than head and body.
Color. Upper parts and outer sides of arms, legs, hands, and feet
dusky olivaceous, finely grizzled with yellowish rusty; top of head
and narrow orbital ring rufous; chin, throat, breast, and inner side of
arms pale ferrugineous shading into dark brown; middle of belly and
inner side of thighs varving from fulvous gray to rufous; tail like
back at base, remainder above and beneath grizzled dark reddish
brown and black, tip black; hairs of under surface of tail reddish
brown or chestnut, encircled with three bands.
LOO SCIURUS.
Measurements. ‘Total length, 290; tail vertebra, 105; hind foot,
35; ear from crown, 9. Skull: basal length, 29.5; palatal length, 14.2;
interorbital width, 13; zygomatic width, 22; length of upper molar
series, 6.
69. browni (Sciurus), Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zo6l]., xxx1x,
1902, P. 24.
BROWN’S SQUIRREL,
Type locality. Bogava, Chiriqui, Panama,
Genl. Char. Size small, pelage rather harsh, thin.
Color, ‘‘Upper parts a fine mixture of tawny olive and bistre,
produced by the dark brown bases and tawny olive tips of the hairs;
nose, forehead, and orbital ring tawny; tail with the hairs dark red-
dish brown basally, then black and tipped with grayish white; a
small, black pencil; under parts dull gray to grayish white, slightly
washed with buffy or yellowish in some specimens (very slightly in
the type on under side of neck and middle of belly); under sides of
legs darker—more nearly like upper parts.”
Measurements.
hind foot, 36-38; ear, 13-14. Skull: type, basal length, 29; occipito-
nasal length, 36; zygomatic width, 21.2; interorbital width, 12.4;
palatal length, to palatal notch, 13.4; to end of pterygoids, 20.2;
length of nasals, 11; length of upper molar series, 5.8.’’ (Bangs, 1. c.)
i BY
otal length, 232-260; tail vertebra, 110-120;
70. boquetensis (Sciurus), Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Xv,
1903, Pp. 14%.
CHIRIQUI PIGMY SQUIRREL.
Type locality, Boquete, Chiriqui, Panama, altitude 6,000 feet.
Genl, Char. Pelage soft, thick, woolly; tail slender, flat. Skull
long and narrow; braincase arched,
Color. Upper parts, sides of body, and upper surface of arms and
legs olivaceous brown, shaded with yellowish; chin and throat dingy
rusty; under side of neck and breast rusty rufous shading into dull
grizzled brown; tail above and below dull tawny olive, washed and
tipped with black and edged with pale yellowish; hands and feet
washed with rusty reddish.
Measurements. Total length, 257; tail, 116; hind foot, 37;
(dried skin.) Skull: palatal length, 15.5; interorbital breadth, 14;
length of upper molar series, 7.
B, Baiosciurus.
Premolars, *—*, Skull long and slender; braincase arched; ros-
trum broad, about equal to interorbital breadth; audital bulla small.
SCIURUS, LOL
FiG. 14. SciuURUS (BAIOSCIURUS) DEPPII.
No, 63668 U.S. Nat. Mus. Coll. Nat, size
miy 1O THE SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OF THE SUBGENUS.
A. Size small. PAGI
a. Above grizzled rusty, or yellowish brown S.deppiu 101
b. Above rusty reddish S. d. vivax 102
c. Above grizzled grayish brown, tinged with
¢
yellow or reddish S.negligens 102
71. deppii (Sciurus), Peters, Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss
1503, p. 054.
tephrogaster Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 3d Ser., xx, 1867, p. 431.
tenmvurus Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 3d Ser., xx, 1867, p. 4
serl.,
a)
griseogena Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 3d Ser., xx, 1867, p. 429.
DEPPE’S SQUIRREL.
Type locality. Papantla, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico.
102 SCIURUS.
Geogr. Distr. State of Vera Cruz from Papantla on east coast to
Isthmus of Tehuantepec, Mexico, and into Guatemala, Central
America. Altitude, 6,000-9,000 feet.
Color. Above grizzled rusty or yellowish brown; flanks and
sides of head paler yellowish brown; ears like back, with whitish
basal patches; outside of arms and hands dark gray; legs and feet
similar to flanks in color, but darker; under parts grayish white to
rusty fulvous; tail above black, washed with white, beneath grizzled
reddish or yellowish brown, bordered with black and edged with
white.
Measurements. Total length, 392; tail vertebra, 188; hind foot,
54. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 56; Hensel, 47; zygomatic width,
33; across postorbital processes, 27; length of nasals, 15; palatal
length, 27; length of upper tooth row, 11; length of lower tooth row, 9.
a.—vivax (Scturus), Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XIv, 1901, p. 131.
APAZOTE SQUIRREL.
Type locality. Apazote, State of Campeche, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Lowland forest in the States of eastern Tabasco,
southern Campeche, and southern and eastern Yucatan, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Similar to S. deppit, but paler; rostrum heavy;
nasals broader; audital bulla smaller and more nearly round.
Color. Above rusty reddish; under parts white or grayish white;
shoulders, arms, and hands gray; feet like back but washed with gray;
tail above heavily washed with white.
Measurements. Total length, 373; tail vertebre, 168; hind
foot, 52.
72. negligens (Sciurus), Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., x11, 1898,
Dy tier.
artzonensis Alston, Biol. Cent. Amer., Mamm., 1, 1880, p. 125.
deppet Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1891, p. 222. (Part.)
LITTLE GRAY SQUIRREL.
Type locality. Alta Mira, State of Tamaulipas, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Southern Tamaulipas, through eastern San Luis
Potosi into northern Vera Cruz, Mexico.
Genl, Char. Similar to S. deppit, but paler.
Color. Upper parts grizzled grayish brown, tinged with yellow
or reddish; sides of neck, nape, and head yellowish brown; ears fer-
rugineous with basal white patches; shoulders outside of arms and
hands gray; outside of legs and feet grizzled grayish brown; under
parts white, varying to fulvous; chin and throat white; tail above
black, washed with white, beneath grizzled grayish, or yellowish
brown, bordered with black and edged with white.
SCIURUS. 103
Measurements. Total length, 384; tail vertebra, 189; hind foot,
54. Skull: average of four; basal length, 41.7; palatal length, 21.4;
interorbital width, 15.3; zygomatic width, 28.4; length of upper
molar series, 9.1.
0, Guerlinguetus,
Size small; ears long; tail shorter than body, flat, bushy. Skull
broad, braincase not highly arched, expanded at parietal region
h £ )
bulla small; rostrum broad, deep; nasals long, widest anteriorly;
’ 5 2
post-palatal notch behind last molar. Premolars, *
Fic. 15. SciURUS (GUERLINGUETUS) 4. HOFFMANNI.
No. 4749 Field Columbian Mus. Coll. Nat. size.
KEY TO THE SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OF THE SUBGENUS.
A. Size small; tail flat, bushy. PAGE
a. Upper parts grizzled rusty brown........S. @. hoffmannt 104
b. Upper partsblackish brown and tawny. .S. @. chiriquensis 104
c. Upper parts dark ochraceous brown.......... S. richmond1 105
104 SCIURUS.
d. Upper parts mixed yellow ferrugineous and PAGE
blackish row !. triacs em eos thee eee S.v. morulus 105
estuans hoffmannt (Sciurus), Peters, Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad.
Wiss. Berl., 1863, p. 654.
xanthotus Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 3d Ser., xx, 1867, p. 429.
griseogena Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 3d Ser., xx, 1867, p. 430.
(Part. Costa Rica.)
rufoniger Allen, Mon. N. Am. Rodent., 1877, p. 757-763. (Part.
Costa Rica.)
griseogenys Alston, Proc. Zodl. Soc., 1878, p. 667. (Part. Costa
Rica, Veragua, Panama.)
HorrMANn’s SQUIRREL,
Type locality. Costa Rica, Central America.
Geogr, Distr. Costa Rica south to upper Cauca River, Colombia.
Genl, Char. Similar to S. @stuans in size, but darker; tail broad, flat.
Color. Upper parts grizzled rusty brown, sometimes blackish on
top of head and median line of back; orbital ring dark buff; chin and
throat yellowish buff; under parts rusty buff to deep ferrugineous,
outside of arms and legs like back, inner side like under parts; hands
and feet similar to back, but more inclined to yellowish; tail above
black, washed with ferrugineous, beneath grizzled black and yellowish
brown, and broadly edged with ferrugineous; ears thinly haired;
darker than head, basal patch small, dull fulvous.
Measurements. Total average length, 426.6; tail vertebra, 187;
hind foot, 54.3. Skull: average of five; basal length, 43.2; palatal
length, 23.3; interorbital width, 17; zygomatic width, 31.3; length of
upper molar series, 9.
ceestuans chiriquensis (Scturus), Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl.,
SKEIM; TOO, po aa.
CHIRIQUI SQUIRREL.
Type locality. Divala, Chiriqui, Panama.
Genl. Char. Very similar to S. @. hoffmannt; under parts paler.
Color. ‘‘Upper parts finely mixed blackish brown and tawny,
the tawny color predominating on sides, the dark brown color along
middle of back; orbital ring, back of ear, and a small spot just behind
ear clear tawny; under parts tawny, becoming yellower, about raw
sienna, on under side of neck and head, and often the breast simi-
larly colored; tail much the same as back, but with the tawny annu-
lations wider; deeply fringed along sides with clear tawny, under side
darker than upper.”’
Measurements. ‘Type. Total length, 400; tail vertebrae, 190;
hind foot, 52; ear, 20.’ Skull: basal length, 46.2; occipito-nasal
SCIURUS. 105
length, 54; zygomatic width, 31.4; length of nasals, 16.4; palatal
fenoth, 23.2. (Bangs, 1. ‘c.)
73. richmondi (Sciurus), Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., x11, 1898, p. 146.
RICHMOND’S SQUIRREL.
Type locality. Escondido River, fifty miles above Bluefields,
Nicaragua.
Geogr. Distr. Tropical lowland forests along the Escondido River,
Nicaragua.
Genl. Char. Similar to S. @. hoffmanit, but more ochraceous,
under parts and tail washed with yellow.
Color. Upper parts and base of tail dark ochraceous brown,
darkest on crown and median part of back; sides of head yellowish
brown; orbital ring buffy; outer side of arms, hands, and sides of
neck, ochraceous; outer side of thighs dark ochraceous brown, feet
similar but more ochraceous; under parts buffy yellow to dingy
ferrugineous; tail above black, washed with yellowish, beneath
grizzled yellowish brown narrowly bordered with black and edged
with dull yellow; ears dark ochraceous brown, with small yellow
basal patch, but the latter not always present.
Measurements. Total length, 368; tail vertebre, 164; hind foot,
53-5. okull: average of five; basal length, 42.1; palatal length, 22.1;
interorbital breadth, 16.3; zygomatic breadth, 30.4; length of upper
molar series, 8.3.
variabilis moruluws (Scturus), Bangs, N. Eng. Zool. Club, 11, 1900,
B43.
variabilis True, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vir, 1884, p. 596.
Lion HiLy_ SQuIRREL.
Type locality. Loma del Leon, Panama.
Genl. Char. Skull similar to that of S. variabilis from Colombia,
but wider and heavier.
Color. Upper parts mixed yellow ferrugineous and blackish brown;
dorsal region darker, blackish at base of tail; upper surface of legs
like back of arms, ferrugineous; chin, lips, and cheeks tawny olive;
under parts bright ferrugineous; tail above blackish at base and tip,
remainder bright ferrugineous, beneath tawny olive and blackish,
outer margin ferrugineous, tip black.
Measurements. Male. Total length, 435-490; tail vertebre,
200-235; hind foot, 55; ear, 20-25. Skull: basal length, 46.2; oc-
cipito-nasal length, 55.2; zygomatic width, 34; mastoid width, 23.6;
interorbital width, 17.8; width behind postorbital processes, 20.2;
length of nasals, r7; length of palate to palatal notch, 25; upper tooth
row, 9.4; lower tooth row, 10; mandible, 32.2.
106 SCIURUS.
D, Arzosciurus.
Premolars, —, Skull broad, depressed between orbits; superior
outline curved greatly at occipital region; orbital region very broad;
postorbital process curving downward, and pointed; nasals long,
extending posteriorly to end of premaxille.
Fic. 16. SciuRUS (ARAZOSCIURUS) NAYARITENSIS.
No. 4741 Field Columbian Mus, Coll. Nat. size.
KEY TO THE SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OF THE SUBGENUS.
A. Size large. Premolars, - =. PAGE
a. Back with longitudinal black band...........S. oculatus 107
b. Back without longitudinal black band.
a.’ Under parts white.
a.’ Above gray, washed with blackish; tail
beneath yellowish gray or brown .......S. 0. toluce@ 107
b.”” Above grizzled yellowish brown; tail
beneath grizzled yellowish gray ...........S.allent 108
SCIURUS. 107
PAGE
c.’’ Above gray; tail beneath cinnamon. .S. nayaritensis 108
d.’’ Above mixed gray, black, white, and
tawny; tail beneath tawny .......... S. arizonensis 109
e.’’ Above grizzled gray; tail beneath pale
ENCSS Gin DERE eet die ea S.a.huachuca 109
b.’ Under parts buffy yellow to orange yellow....S. apache 110
74. oculatus (Sciurus), Peters, Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berl.,
1P303,,/p. 653.
captstratus Licht., Abh. K. Akad. Wiss., 1827, p. 116. (nec Bosc.)
carolinensis Sauss., Rev. Mag. Zool., 2me Sér., x1, 1861, p. 4.
(nec Gmel.)
hypopyrrhus Allen, Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., tv, 1878, p. 881.
(Part.)
niger melanonotus Thomas, Proc. Zodl. Soc., 1870, p. 73, pl. vi.
BLACK-BACKED SQUIRREL.
Type locahty. Las Vigas? State of Vera Cruz, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Northwestward through States of Vera Cruz,
Hidalgo, Queretaro to southeastern San Luis Potosi, Mexico. Allti-
tude, 6,000-12,000 feet.
Genl. Char. Size large; skull broad and heavy.
Color. Upper parts dark gray, with a black band from middle of
crown to base of tail; orbital ring whitish; cheeks and sides of neck
grizzled gray with a buff tinge, not always, however, present; ears
dull gray with white or buff basal patches; hands and feet grizzled
gray or buffy; outside of arms and thighs gray, sometimes rusty
brownish on the thighs; under parts white with buffy tinge to ochra-
ceous buff; tail above black washed with white, beneath grizzled
gray, tinged with yellowish, bordered with black and edged with
white.
Measurements. Total length, 544; tail vertebre, 254; hind foot,
69. Skull: average of three; basilar length, 54.6; palatal length,
28.5; interorbital width, 20.3; zygomatic width, 36.3; length of upper
molar series, I1.
a.—toluce (Sciurus), Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., x11, 1898,
py 148.
ToLuca SQUIRREL.
Type locality. North slope of the Volcano of Toluca, State of
Mexico, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Sierra Madre from Toluca Volcano, State of
Mexico, to border of State of Michoacan; southern and western
parts of State of Queretaro; central and eastern parts of State of
Guanajuato, and southern part of State of San Luis Potosi, Mexico.
108 SCIURUS.
Genl. Char. Similar to S. oculatus, but paler. Skull: nasals
narrow.
Color. Top of head and back gray, washed with blackish; flanks
and outside of arms and legs grizzled gray, tinged with yellowish;
orbital ring grayish white; sides of head and ears gray, tinged with
buff; white basal patches on ears; under parts whitish; hands and
feet grayish white, tinged with buff; tail black above, washed with
white, beneath yellowish gray or brown, bordered with black and
edged with white.
Measurements. Total length, 520; tail vertebra, 260; hind foot,
66. Skull: average of two; basilar length, 54; palatal length, 29;
interorbital width, 20.5; zygomatic width, 36.7; length of upper molar
Series, It.
75. alleni (Sciurus), Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., x11, 1898,
Pp. tA7.
carolinensis? Baird, N. Am. Mamm., 1857, p. 263.
carolinensis Allen, Mon. N. Am. Roden., 1877, p. 706.
carolinensis Alston, Proc. Zodl. Soc., 1878, p. 658.
arizonensis Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., N. Y., 1891, p. 222.
(Part.)
ALLEN’S SQUIRREL.
Type locality. Monterey, State of Nuevo Leon, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. From Monterey, State of Nuevo Leon, into State of
Tamaulipas, Mexico. Altitude, 2,000-8,500 feet.
Genl. Char. Similar to S. carolinensts, back uniform in color.
Color. Above grizzled yellowish brown, grayest on flanks; arms,
hands, and feet whitish gray; thighs like flanks; orbital ring whitish;
under parts white; faint grayish lateral line; tail like back all around
the base, above black washed with white, beneath grizzled yellowish
gray, bordered with black and edged with white; ears brownish gray.
Measurements. Total length, 471; tail vertebre, 217; hind foot,
60. Skull: average of five; basilar length, 50.4; palatal length, 26.3;
interorbital width, 18.4; zygomatic width, 33.7; length of upper
molar series, 10.3.
76. nayaritensis (Sciurus), Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., N. Y.,
1890, p. vil, footnote, and p. 185.
alstoni Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., N. Y., 1889, p. 167. (nec
Anderson.)
NAYARIT SQUIRREL.
Type locality. Sierra de Valparaiso, State of Zacatecas, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. States of Jalisco and Zacatecas, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Similar to S. griseiflavus; ears high and broad.
SCIURUS. 109
Color. Above gray, as are also the sides; outer surface of limbs
pale gray; rest of pelage white; orbital ring grayish white; ears
grayish; tail above black and white mixed, fringed on sides with
white, beneath cinnamon rufous.
Measurements. Total length (skin), 260-304; tail vertebre, 254-
287; ear: height, 23-25; width at base, 21.5-24. Skull: average of
five; basilar length, 55.5; palatal length, 28.4; interorbital width, 37.1;
length of upper molar series, 11.7.
77. arizonensis (Sciurus), Coues, Am. Nat., 1867, p. 357. Elliot,
Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 59.
coli@i Allen, Mon. N. Am. Rod., 1877, p. 738. (nec Rich.)
ARIZONA GRAY SQUIRREL.
Type locality. Fort Whipple, Yavapai County, Arizona.
Geogr. Distr. State of Nuevo Leon, Mexico (San Pedro Mines,
Allen), to Arizona. Texas?
Genl. Char. Smaller than S. carolinensis; tail as long as head and
body; soles naked to heel.
Color. Above mixed gray, black, white, and tawny, the latter
predominating; sides and limbs outside grizzled gray and white;
beneath and inside of limbs pure white; tail above basally gray and
white, remainder black mixed with white and fringed broadly with
white, beneath tawny in the center, bordered with black and fringed
with white.
Measurements. Total length, 457.4; tail vertebre, 241.3; hind
foot, 58.4; height of ear, 20.3. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 63;
Hensel, 48; zygomatic width, 35; interorbital width, 20; palatal
length, 21; length of upper molar series, 11.
a.—huachuca (Scturus), Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1894,
p. 349. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., roor, p. 60.
HvuACHUCA SQUIRREL.
Type locality. Huachuca Mountains, southern Arizona.
Geogr. Distr. Huachuca Mountains, Arizona, into State of Sonora,
Mexico.
Genl. Char. Similar to S. arizonensis, but nearly uniform gray
above, only a trace of fulvous dorsal stripe.
Color. Upper parts grizzled gray; dorsal stripe nearly obsolete;
sides lighter gray; nape patch pale fulvous; under parts of body and
limbs pure white; tail above black sprinkled with white and fringed
broadly with white, beneath pale chestnut, bordered with black and
broadly fringed with white.
Measurements. Total length, 540; tail vertebra, 265; hind foot,
70;ear, 34. Skull: average of four; basal length, 53.5; palatal length,
110 SCIURUS.
27.5; interorbital width, 19.9; zygomatic width, 36.4; length of upper
molar series, I1.4.
78. apache (Sciurus), Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1893, p. 29.
Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., rgor, p. 58.
griseiflavus Thomas, Proc. Zodl. Soc., 1882, p. 372. (nec Gray.)
niger ludovicianus Thomas, Proc. Zodl. Soc., 1890, p. 73 (footnote).
APACHE SQUIRREL.
Type locality. Mountains of northwestern Chihuahua, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Sierra Madre in States of western Durango, north-
western Chihuahua, eastern Sonora, and northeastern Sinaloa, Mexico;
also in Chiricahua Mountains, southern Arizona.
Genl. Char. Similar in size and color to S. r. texensis Bach., but
darker and with ferrugineous legs, and other distribution of hues.
Color. Upper parts iron gray, usually washed with yellow;
crown and back blackish; sides of head mixed gray, black and ful-
vous; orbital ring buffy white or fulvous; flanks washed with pale
yellowish; outside of legs suffused with rusty; outside of arms and
under parts varying from buffy yellow to orange yellow; tail at
base like back, above black washed with yellow and fringed with
white, beneath orange or rusty rufous with a black border and
fringed with pale yellowish; ears gray with a buff tinge; hands buffy
or orange yellow; feet darker.
Measurements. Total length, 565; tail vertebra, 279; hind foot,
79. Skull: average of five; basilar length, 56.4; palatal length, 28.7;
interorbital width, 21.5; zygomatic width, 37.5; length of upper
molar series, 11.9.
E. Parasciurus.
Premolars, ‘—. Skull: braincase narrow at occiput, not inflated
over parietal region, long, narrow; rostrum long, broad; nasals broad;
molar series large, heavy.
rufiventer texensis (Sciurus), (Bach.), Proc. Zodl. Soc., 1838, p. 86.
ludovicianus limitis Baird. Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil., 1855,
p. 331. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., rgor, p. 53.
Texas Fox SQUIRREL.
Type locality. Devil’s River, Valverde County, Texas.
Geogr. Distr. Texas and adjacent parts of the States of Nuevo
Leon and Coahuila, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Smaller than S. carolinensis; hairs short and close
pressed; upper molars four; feet small; colors pale.
Color. Upper parts mixed cinnamon and black; sides of head,
limbs, and under parts, light cinnamon brown; feet above tinged with
SCIURUS. 111
Fig. 17. SciURUS (PARASCIURUS) RUFIVENTER TEXENSIS.
No. 4739 Field Columbian Mus. Coll. Nat, size.
rusty ; tail above similar to back but more yellowish, beneath uniform
cinnamon, darker than belly. The color of ventral surface varies
from pure white to deep orange among individuals.
Measurements. Total length, 532; tail to end of hairs, 280; hind
foot, 64.5. Skull: average of two; basal length, 50; palatal length,
25.5; interorbital width, 18; zygomatic width, 33.5; length of upper
molar series, 10.5.
F, Otosciurus, Nelson.
Premolars, —. Skull short and very broad, with curved superior
outline; rostrum father short, compressed; nasals narrow posteriorly
and extending beyond premaxille; molars heavy.
112 SCIURUS.
Fic. 18. SciuRUS (OTOSCIURUS) DURANGI.
No. 94548 U.S. Nat. Mus. Coll. Nat. size.
79. durangi (Sciurus), Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 6th Ser., x1,
1893, p. 49.
abertt Thos., Proc. Zodél. Soc., 1882, p.
DURANGO SQUIRREL.
372. (nec Woodhouse.)
[ype locality. Ciudad Ranch (100 miles west of Durango City),
State of Durango, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Sierra Madre, west part of States of Durango and
Chihuahua, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Similar to S. abertt, but less red on back; tail
beneath uniform grizzled gray; dorsal stripe not reaching base of tail.
Color. Above gray with chestnut dorsal stripe from shoulders to
rump; flanks and outside of hind legs grizzled gray; outside of fore
legs paler gray; lateral black line ill defined; orbital ring brownish
white; ear gray, tufts black; under parts white, base of tail like back,
remainder above black washed with white, beneath grizzled gray,
SCIURUS. 113
with black border and subapical bar and white edging; hands white
or whitish; feet grizzled gray.
Measurements. Total length, 500; tail vertebra, 247; hind foot,
70. Skull: average of five; basal length, 50.1; palatal length, 27.3;
interorbital width, 19.8; zygomatic width, 35.1; length of upper
molar series, II.2.
G. Echinosciurus.
2—2
Premolars, ; Skull: broad, depressed between orbits; superior
outline curved, sharpest decline posteriorly; occipital region widest;
interorbital constriction very slight; rostrum broad and short; outer
side of nasals reaching ends of premaxilla; the nasals shorter than
width between orbits; basioccipital and basisphenoid broad, widely
separating audital bull.
Fic. 19. SciuRUS (ECHINOSCIURUS) AUREIGASTER.
No. 4744 Field Columbian Mus, Coll. Nat. size.
L14
SCIURUS.,
KEY TO THE SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES,OF THE SUBGENUS,
_- 2
A. Size large. Premolars, ;
a. Above iron gray.
a.’ Nape yellowish brown or rusty rufous...S. auretgaster
b.’ Nape grizzled rufous or brownish. ...S. a. hypopyrrhus
c.’ Nape yellowish or.rufous brown. ...... S. a. frumentor
d.’ Nape grizzled yellowish brown to chestnut
DOWEL: chris eed ad NR nee a S. p. nemoralis
e.’ Nape yellowish brown to rusty tinged
sigue ubglelt Nel amu eee raranervemeeeoNG. heli Lean iede ak S. p. colimensts
f.’ Nape rusty rufous, sometimes mixed
with black and: white... .i:...),;.. 1.2.5. Dp. effugius
g.’ Nape fulvous or rusty brown, grizzled
Wits DIOR <5 c-.5ee am atace tee aee aoe S. p. cervicalis
b. Above gray mixed with brown or yellow...... S. poliopus
c. Above pale gray and yellowish.......... S. p. hernandeszt
d. Above blackish, grizzled with yellowish brown. ..S. nelsont
e. Above bluish gray, grizzled.............. stn ee 6, MATEUS
f. Above yellowish gray tinged with black.
a.” Hears yellowish "Drow wica xaes.c + hora Ween S. colliet
bt Ridira stir: WiOMG cata sek ns ness dcreeny S.c. nuchalts
g. Above pale reddish, yellow, and black...... S. stnaloensis
h. Above grizzled dark yellowish...............05. S. trust
i. Above mixed white and black, tinged with
VEllOwiIsh (On TULCUS. cam wore ees Oy era mahee tere S. soctalis
j. Above grayish or creamy white..........1..5. S. s. cocos
k. Above grizzled yellowish brown, washed
MOUD OU WIGS es 5s Se Glee eee Sen see ee S. grisetflavis
l. Above griggledseraycn agate see ee oo S. g. chiapensts
m. Above grizzled gray and black, tinged with
VOLO WISH | DYOWOi.5 sa-s scandens 4 va wee. DS. Yucatanensis
n. Above blackish gray, suffused with buff... S. . baliolus
Oi: ADOVE:OLROk tir oe cs a a Re tae y gee, ae S. thomast
p. Above dark brown, mixed with grayish....... S. adolphet
q. Above dorsal band blackish or grayish
yellowish browil...i..5 ..50seen aan eee S. a. dorsalis
r. Above dark: chocolate... ¢7.5.7.0 itn bee eee S. melania
s. Above grizzled grayish brown.
a.’ Tinged with reddish res cn wre ney cane S. boothie
b.”. "Washed with Blache vain tee cane een S.b, belti
t. Above grizzled yellowish gray............: S. vartegatoides
u. Above grizzled yellowish brown, dorsal re-
gion washed with black.................S. managuensts
PAGE
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120
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123
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125
126
126
126
127
128
128
128
129
129
SCIURUS. 115
v. Above pale iron gray; rump and middle of PAGE
DACKWAGHeEC WIth DIAC. pss vers Seka) ke S. goldmani 130
Fic. XXIX. SciIURUS AUREIGASTER. GOLDEN-BELLIED SQUIRREL.
80. aureigaster (Sciurus), F. Cuv., Hist. Nat. Mamm., vi, 1829,
hive. Lis, pl. lest.
niger Erxl., Syst. Regn. Anim., 1777, p. 417.
variegatus Desm., Nouv. Dict. d’Hist. Nat., x, 1817, pp. 103-104.
(mec Mex, 14775)
rufiventer Licht., Abh. K. Ak. Wiss. Berl., 1827, p. 116.
leucogaster! F. Cuv., Suppl. d’Hist. Nat. Buffon, 1, 1831, pp.
300-301.
mustelinus Aud. & Bach., Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil., 1841,
p. 100.
ferruginiventris ! Aud. & Bach., Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil., 1841,
Dill,
aurogaster! Aud. & Bach., Quad. N. Am., 111, 1851, p. 344.
hypoxanthus 1. Geoff., Voy. de la Vénus, Zool., 1855, p. 158.
aureogaster! Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 3d Ser., 1867, p. 423.
hypopyrrhus Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., N. Y., 1, 1891,
p. 222. (nec Wagl.)
leucops Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., N. Y., 1x, 1897, p. 198.
GOLDEN-BELLIED SQUIRREL. Ardilla in Mexico, common name for
all squirrels.
Type locality. Eastern Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Eastern Mexico from southern part of State of
Tamaulipas to northern side of Isthmus of Tehuantepec through
116 SCIURUS,.
States of Vera Cruz, eastern San Luis Potosi, Queretaro, Puebla, and
northeastern Hidalgo and northern Oaxaca, up to 4,000 and 8,000
feet.
Genl. Char. Size large; coloring varied, under parts ferrugineous
to dark rufous; tail long.
Color. Above varying from iron gray to whitish gray; nape
yellowish brown or rusty rufous; orbital ring deep buff; between eye
and ear yellowish brown; chin and cheeks grizzled gray; arms and
hands iron gray; feet varying from blackish to iron gray; under parts
and sometimes a band over shoulders and outer side of arms, bright
ferrugineous; ears gray to rusty red; tail at base like back, remainder
above black, washed with white, beneath ferrugineous, with a black
border edged with white.
Measurements. Total length, 539; tail vertebre, 265; hind foot,
67. Skull: average of five; basal length, 49.8; palatal length, 26.5;
interorbital width, 19.1; zygomatic width, 34.5; length of upper
molar series, 11.3.
a.—hypopyrrhus (Scturus), Wagler, Isis, 1831, p. 510.
morio Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 3d Ser., xx, 1867, p. 424.
maurus Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 3d Ser., xx, 1867, p. 425.
variegatus Sumichrast, La Naturaleza, vi1, 1887, p. 360.
aureogaster! Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 111, 1890, p. 181.
(nec Cuv.)
FIRE-BELLIED SQUIRREL.
Type locality. Mexico. State of Vera Cruz ?
Geogr. Distr. Southern part State of Vera Cruz, and States of
Tabasco, Oaxaca, and Chiapas, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Darker than S. aureigaster.
Color. Above grizzled with black, rusty or grayish white; fore
part of crown and nose iron gray; nape grizzled rufous or brownish;
orbital ring brownish buff; chin and cheeks grayish; under parts
deep ferrugineous, this color covering arms and forming a band on
shoulder; outside of thighs grizzled like back; hands and feet black
or grizzled with gray; tail at base like back, rest black washed with
white, beneath ferrugineous with a black border and white edge;
sometimes for ferrugineous black is substituted; ears gray or red-
dish brown, sometimes with black border, and a basal patch in
winter, grayish white.
Measurements. Total length, about 522; tail vertebra, 266; hind
foot, 67. Skull: average of five; basal length, 52.6; palatal length,
27.1; interorbital breadth, 18.4; zygomatic breadth, 34.8; length of
upper molar series, 11.4.
SCIURUS., HN Uy
b.—frumentor (Sciurus), Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., x11, 1898,
pers 4:
PEROTE SQUIRREL.
Type locality. Las Vigas, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. ‘‘East and north base of the Cape de Perote, and
eastern slope of the Cordillera near Las Vigas, State of Vera Cruz,
Mexico, in pine and oak forests, at 6,000—8,000 feet.”’
Genl. Char. Nuchal and rump patches yellowish or rufous brown,
and under parts gray, sometimes washed with rufous.
Color. Upper parts (except nape and rump), nose, forehead,
sides, and outside of arms and legs, grizzled iron gray; patches
on nape and rump, and sides of head pale brown or reddish,
tinged with black, palest on sides of head; chin and throat grayish;
under parts gray, sometimes tinged with rust red; tail above like
back at base, remainder black washed with white, beneath yellowish
or dark ferrugineous, with a black border and white edge; ears
varying in color, sometimes grayish, again similar to the nuchal
patch, occasionally having a black border; hands and feet iron gray
to black.
Measurements. Total length, “average of five adults, 504.6; tail
vertebre, 249.2; hind feet, 68.8.’’ (Nelson.) A topotype: total
length, 502; tail, 250; hind foot, 69. Skull: average of four; basal
length, 52.5; palatal length, 26.1; interorbital width, 19.7; zygo-
matic width, 34.4; length of upper molar series, 11.2.
81. poliopus (Sciurus), Fitz., Sitzung. K. Akad. Wiss. Wien, 1, 1867,
p. 478.
albipes Wagn., Abhandl. Math.—Phys. Cl. K. Bayer Akad. Wiss.
Miinchen, 11, 1837, pp. 5o1—506. (nec Kerr.)
varius Wagn., Suppl. Schreb. Saugeth., 111, 1843, p. 168.
rufipes Fitz., Sitzung. K. Akad. Wiss. Wein, 1, 1867, p. 478.
leucops Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 3d Ser., xx, 1867, p. 427.
variegatus Alston, Proc. Zoél. Soc., 1878, p. 660.
wagnert Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., N. Y., 1898, p. 453.
Oaxaca SQUIRREL.
Type locality. Cerro San Felipe, State of Oaxaca, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Mountains about Valley of Oaxaca, except those
on the west, 7,500-11,000 feet altitude.
Genl. Char. Size large.
Color. Back and outside of arms and legs gray, mixed with
yellowish or brownish hairs; nose and forehead iron gray; patch on
nape and rump pale brown tinged with black; sides of head gray;
orbital ring, chin, and throat grayish white; under parts ferrugineous
118 SCIURUS.
red; tail at base all around like back; above black washed with
white, beneath mixed yellowish, or reddish brown bordered with
black and edged with white; hands and feet white.
Measurements. Total length, 523; tail vertebre, 263; hind foot,
71. Skull: average of five; basal length, 52.2; palatal length, 27.3;
interorbital width, 18.6; zygomatic width, 34.5; length of upper
molar series, 10.7.
a.—hernandezi (Scturus), Nelson, Proc. Wash. Acad. Scien., 1, 1899,
p. 48.
albipes quercinus Nels., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., x11, 1898, p. 150.
(nec Erxl.)
wagnert quercinus Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1898, p. 453.
albipes hernandezt Nels., Science, N. Ser., vil, 1898, p. 783.
Oak Woops SQUIRREL.
Type locality. Mountains 15 miles west of the city of Oaxaca,
State of Oaxaca, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Mountains west of Oaxaca Valley into southern
part of State of Puebla and southeastern portion of State of Guer-
rero, Mexico. Altitude, 8,000—9,000 feet.
Genl. Char. Similar to S. poliopus, but paler.
Color. Above and outside of arms and legs pale gray and yel-
lowish; nose and forehead grizzled gray tinged with black, faint yel-
lowish and black patch on nape; ears gray, with white basal patch;
orbital ring whitish; chin and throat white; under parts white, some-
times tinged with buff; hands and feet white; tail above and below
at base like back, remainder of upper part black washed with white,
beneath yellowish gray or rusty grizzled, with an indistinct black
border and broad white edging.
Measurements. Total length, 540; tail vertebra, 273; hind foot,
68. Skull: average of five; basal length, 51.5; palatal length, 26.5;
interorbital width, 19.5; zygomatic width, 34.6; length of molar
series, I1.
b.—nemoralis (Scturus), Nels., Proc. Wash. Acad. Scien., 1, 1899,
Pv 50:
albipes nemoralis Nels., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., x11, 1898, p. 151.
wagnerit nemoralis Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1898, p. 454.
MICHOACAN SQUIRREL.
Type locality. Patzcuaro, State of Michoacan, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Volcano of Toluca, State of Mexico, to Nahuatzin,
State of Michoacan. Altitude, 7,000—12,000 feet.
Genl. Char. Similar to S. p. hernandezi, but darker above
Possessing a melanistic phase in certain localities.
SCIURUS. 119
Color. Back and outside of arms and legs iron gray, occasionally
with a rusty tinge; nose and forehead iron gray tinged with black;
nape patch grizzled yellowish brown to chestnut brown; rump patch
paler; ears grizzled gray, basal patch white; orbital ring and sides of
head whitish; feet and hands white; under parts white, sometimes
yellow; tail above black washed with white, beneath varying from
grizzled gray to yellowish brown, indistinct black border and white
edge.
Measurements. Total length, 530; tail vertebre, 265; hind foot,
70. Skull: average of three; basal length, 51; palatal length, 26.8;
interorbital width, 18.6; zygomatic width, 34.3; length of upper molar
series, IT.
c.—cervicalis (Scturus), Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 18go,
Derses.
leucops Allen, Mon. N..Am. Rod., 1877, p. 753. (nec Gray.)
variegatus Alston, Biol. Cent. Am., Mammalia, 1, 1880, p. 127.
aureogaster leucops Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1889, p. 166.
wagner cervicalis Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1898, p. 454.
poliopus cervicalis Nels., Proc. Wash. Acad. Nat. Scien., 1, 1899,
De GL.
CoLtimMA MountTAIN SQUIRREL.
Type locality. Hacienda San Marcos, Tonila, State of Jalisco, at
east base of Sierra Nevada de Colima, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. From the Sierra Nevada de Colima along high
mountains north to Ameca, State of Jalisco, and east into western
part of State of Michoacan, Mexico. Altitude, 6,000—-12,000 feet, and
down occasionally to 4,000.
Genl. Char. Dark upper parts, and iron gray under surface of tail.
Color. Back, outside of arms and legs, iron gray, sometimes
with yellowish hairs intermixed; nose and forehead showing black
and grayish white; nape and rump patches fulvous or rusty brown
grizzled with black; orbital ring whitish; under parts white, in some
specimens grizzled with black; hands and feet gray, paler than arms
and legs; tail like back at base, rest above black washed with white,
beneath iron gray with a black border and white edge.
Measurements. Total length, 515; tail vertebrae, 248; hind foot,
68. Skull: average of five; basal length, 51.2; palatal length, 27.6;
interorbital width, 19.8; zygomatic width, 34.9; length of upper
molar series, 11.7.
d.—colimensis (Scturus), Nelson, Proc. Wash. Acad. Scien., 1, 1899,
Pp. 32: ;
_leucops Allen, Mon. N. Am. Roden., 1877, p. 753. (Part.)
120 SCIURUS.
albtpes colimensts Nels., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., x11, 1898, p. 152.
wagnert colimensts Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1898, p. 454.
CoLIMA SQUIRREL. ;
Type locality. Hacienda Magdalena, State of Colima, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Coast region, State of Colima, Mexico.
Color. Back grizzled gray; nose and forehead grizzled iron gray;
nape and patch on rump yellowish brown to rusty, tinged with black;
sides of head grizzled gray; orbital ring buff; outside of arms, legs,
and hands iron gray; feet blackish, mixed with gray; ears yellowish
brown or rusty, with a whitish patch at base; under parts white;
tail at base same as back, remainder black washed with white,
beneath grizzled iron gray, bordered with black and edged with
white.
Measurements. Total length, 500; tail vertebre, 258; hind foot,
68. Skull: average of five; basal length, 50.2; palatal length, 26.7;
interorbital width, 19.1; zygomatic width, 38.8; length of molar
serieS, 11.2.
effwsiws (Scturus), Nelson, Proc. Wash. Acad. Scien., 1, 1899, p. 54:
albipes effugius Nels., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., x11, 1898, p. 152.
wagnert effugius Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., N. Y., 1898,
Pp. 454.
GUERRERO SQUIRREL.
Type locality. Mountains west of Chilpancingo, State of Guerrero,
e.
Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Forests of Cordillera, State of Guerrero, Mexico.
Altitude, 7,500—9,500 feet.
Genl. Char. Similar to S. poliopus, but under parts darker.
Color. Above grizzled iron gray, mixed with rusty; nape and
indistinct patch on rump rusty rufous, the latter sometimes mixed
with black and white; sides of head, base of ears, and around eyes
pale rufous; orbital ring whitish; ears reddish brown, with white
patches at bases; chin and throat white; outside of arms and legs gray;
hands and feet white, sometimes washed with rufous; under parts
dark rufous; tail at base same as rump, remainder above black
washed with white, beneath dark rufous with black border and
white edge.
Measurements. Total length, 498; tail vertebra, 249; hind foot,
68. Skull: average of four; basal length, 50.9; palatal length, 26.9;
interorbital width, 19.1; zygomatic width, 34.5; length of upper
molar series, IT.
82. nelsoni (Sciurus), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., vitr, 1893,
OR
SCIURUS. 121
NELSON’S SQUIRREL.
Type locality. Huitzilac, State of Morelos, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Mountains south and west of the Valley of Mexico,
and south of Valley of Toluca in the States of Mexico and Morelos.
Genl. Char. Size large, colors dark.
Color. Above blackish, grizzled with yellowish brown; top of
head, ears, outside of arms and legs, hands and feet, black; sides of
head grayish black, or yellowish brown; under parts blackish brown
tinged with yellowish or rusty; tail all around at base like back,
rest of upper part black washed with grayish white, beneath, yellow-
ish gray and black with white edge; feet black.
Measurements. Total length, 520; tail vertebre, 256; hind foot,
70. Skull: average of five; basal length, 50.7; palatal length, 26.7;
interorbital width, 19.4; zygomatic width, 34.9; length of upper
molar series, I1.9.
a.—hirtus (Scturus), Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., x11, 18098,
Pp. 153-
MouNTAIN SQUIRREL.
Type locality. Tochimilco, State of Puebla, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Mounts Popocatepetl and Iztaccihuatl, Mexico.
Altitudes 8,o00—-12,000 feet, in States of Mexico, Puebla, and Morelos.
Genl. Char. Similar to S. nelsoni; gray area on back; tail broad,
bushy.
Color. Top of head and upper parts except middle of back,
grayish brown; nose and middle of back bluish gray grizzled; ears,
like crown, with white patch at the bases; chin and cheek gray; under
parts ferrugineous; tail black above, washed with white, beneath
grizzled rusty brown, bordered with black and edged with white;
hands and feet gray.
Measurements. Total length, 525; tail vertebra, 260; hind foot,
68. Skull: average of five; basal length, 50.2; palatal length, 26.5;
interorbital width, 19.4; zygomatic width, 35.1; length of upper
molar series, 11.8.
83. collizi (Sciurus), Rich., Voy. Blossom, Zodl., 1839, p. 8.
hypopyrrhus Alston, Proc. Zoél. Soc., 1878, p. 662. (Part.)
COLLIE’S SQUIRREL.
Type locality. San Blas, Territorio de Tepic, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. From northern border of Territorio de Tepic to Bay
of Banderas, State of Jalicso, Mexico, below 2,500 feet.
Genl. Char. Size large; pelage thin; tail long.
Color. Above yellowish gray, tinged with black; nose iron gray,
crown darker than back; outside of arms and legs dark gray; hands
122 SCIURUS.
and feet whitish; orbital ring whitish; ears yellowish brown, with
whitish basal patches; flanks and shoulders on sides gray; under
parts white; tail at base all around like back, remaining portion
above black, washed with white, beneath grizzled black and yel-
lowish gray, or black, gray, and yellowish brown, bordered narrowly
with black and edged with white.
Measurements. Total length, 508; tail vertebra, 265; hind foot,
65. Skull: average of four; basal length, 49; palatal length, 25.6;
interorbital width, 18.4; zygomatic width, 32.6; length of upper
molar series, Ir.
a.—nuchalis (Scturus), Nelson, Proc. Wash. Acad. Scien., 1, 1899,
P- 59.
MANZANILLO SQUIRREL.
Type locality. Manzanillo, State of Colima, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. From State of Michoacan to Bay of Banderas,
State of Jalisco, Mexico, and inland to mountains near San Sebastian
in the same State, below 3,000 feet.
Genl. Char. Like S. colli@i, but ears rusty rufous; nape and
shoulders buffy yellow; rump washed with black.
Color. Above yellowish gray, lower part of back and rump
washed with black; nape mixed with black; crown like nape; ears
rusty rufous, with rusty white basal patches; cheeks and sides of
nose yellowish brown; orbital ring yellowish; flanks gray, paler than
back; outside of arms, hands, and feet iron gray; shoulders washed
with gray; under parts white; base of tail like back, remainder
above black washed with white; beneath grizzled reddish yellow,
bordered with black and edged with white.
Measurements. Total length, 525; tail vertebre, 272; hind foot,
71. Skull: average of five; basal length, 52.3; palatal length, 27.6;
interorbital width, 20.6; zygomatic width, 35.9; length of upper
molar series, II.4.
84. sinaloensis (Sciuwrus), Nelson, Proc. Wash. Acad. Scien., 1, 1899,
p. 60.
SINALOA SQUIRREL.
Type locality. Mazatlan, State of Sinaloa, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Southern and central parts of the State of Sinaloa,
Mexico, below 2,500 feet.
Genl. Char. Similar to S. colliet, but paler.
Color. Crown and rest of upper parts pale reddish yellow mixed
with black; nose and forehead grizzled yellowish gray; sides of neck,
shoulders, flanks, arms, legs, hands, and feet grayish white; orbital
ring and side of nose gray; cheeks yellowish brown; ears yellowish
SCIURUS. 123
with basal brownish yellow patches; under parts white; tail above
grizzled brownish yellow, washed with white, beneath similar in
color, bordered with black and edged with white.
Measurements. Total length, 524; tail vertebre, 255; hind foot,
62. Skull: basal length, 53; palatal length, 26.3; interorbital width,
20; zygomatic width, 34; length of upper molar series, 11.
85. truii (Sciurus), Nelson, Proc. Wash. Acad. Scien., 1, 1899, p. 61.
TRUE’S SQUIRREL.
Type locality. Camoa, Rio Mayo, State of Sonora, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Southwestern part of the State of Sonora and
northern portion of the State of Sinaloa, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Similar to S. colie1, but back dark yellowish and
skull differently proportioned. |
Color. Upper parts grizzled dark yellowish; sides of head yellowish
gray; ears rusty; basal patches same color; outside of arms, legs,
hands and feet dark gray; under parts white; tail like back at base,
remainder above mixed black and dark yellowish tinged with white;
beneath similar, with an ill-defined black border and white edge.
Measurements. Total length, 485; tail vertebra, 254; hind foot,
66. Skull: average of four; basal length, 47.7; palatal length, 24.3;
interorbital width, 18.3; zygomatic width, 33.2; length of upper
molar series, IT.
86. socialis (Sciwrus), Wagn., Abh. Math. Phys. Cl. K. Bayer. Akad.
Wiss., Munchen, 11, 1837, pp. 501-7, pl. v.
aureigaster Allen, Mon. N. Am. Roden., 1877, p. 750. (Part.)
leucops Allen, Mon. N. Am. Roden., 1877, p. 753. (Part.)
variegatus Alston, Proc. Zo6l. Soc., 1878, p. 660. (Part.)
TEHUANTEPEC SQUIRREL.
Type locality. Near Tehauntepec City, State of Oaxaca, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Puerto Angel, State of Oaxaca, south to Tonala
and Tuxtla, State of Chiapas, Mexico, below 3,000 feet.
Genl. Char. Color variable; *nape patch, when present, rusty
rufous; under parts from white to ferrugineous.
Color. Above mixed white and black tinged with yellowish or
rufous; nape blackish rusty rufous; rump patch sometimes exhibiting
rusty rufous; cheeks, space around eyes, and bases of ears yellowish
brown; orbital ring dull fulvous; under parts white; tail like rump
all around the base, remainder above black washed with white,
beneath from fulvous gray to orange, bordered by black and edged
with white; handssand feet like back.
* Specimens from near Tonala are usually without nape patch.
124 SCIURUS.
Measurements. Total length, 540; tail vertebrz, 280; hind foot,
65. Skull: average of five; basal length, 51.8; palatal length, 26.9;
interorbital width, 18.1; zygomatic width, 33.9; length of upper
molar series, I1.3.
a.—cocos (Sciurus), Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., x11, 1898,
Pp. 155:
aureogaster! I. Geoff., Voy. Vénus, Zool., Atlas, 1846, pl. 10. (nec
Cuv.)
ACAPULCO SQUIRREL.
Type locality. Acapulco, State of Guerrero, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. From Acapulco, State of Guerrero to Jamiltepec,
State of Oaxaca, Mexico, below 1,500 feet.
Genl. Char. Nape and rump patches distinct; under parts
variable, white to ferrugineous. |
Color. Back, outside of arms, legs, hands, and feet grayish or
creamy white; nape and rump blackish rufous or chestnut; sides of
head and base of ears and around eyes yellowish; under parts white
to dark ferrugineous, varying among individuals; ears rufous; tail
above black washed with white, sometimes tinged with rufous,
beneath reddish buff to dark ferrugineous, bordered with black and
edged with white.
Measurements. Total length, 520; tail vertebra, 261; hind foot,
68. Skull: average of five; basal length, 50.8; palatal length, 26.5;
interorbital width, 19.3; zygomatic width, 33.7; length of upper
molar series, 10.6.
87. griseiflavus (Macroxus), Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 3d Ser.,
KX, POOF sD. 427.
ludovicianus Tomes, Proc. Zodl. Soc., 1861, p. 281. (nec. Cus-
tis.)
aureigaster Allen, Mon. N. Am. Roden., 1877, p. 750. (Part.)
affinis Alston, Proc. Zodél. Soc., 1878, p. 660.
GUATEMALA SQUIRREL.
Type locality. Guatemala.
Geogr. Distr. Southeastern part of State of Chiapas, Mexico, into
Guatemala, 7,000—10,000 feet altitude.
Genl. Char. Size large; color variable, usually grizzled yellowish
brown and gray.
Color. Upper parts grizzled yellowish brown, occasionally washed
with white, this most conspicuous in winter specimens; outside of
arms, legs, and flanks like back; hands and feet grizzled yellow or
yellowish brown; sides of head and ears gray, the latter with grayish
basal patches; chin and throat grayish fulvous; under parts rufous
SCIURUS. 125
or gray washed with fulvous; base of tail like back, rest above
black washed with white, beneath grizzled yellowish or brownish,
bordered with black and edged with white.
Measurements. Total length, 547; tail vertebrxz, 270; hind foot,
68. Skull: average of four; basal length, 51.8; palatal length, 27.2;
interorbital width, 19; zygomatic width, 34.4; length of upper molar
series, I1.4.
a.—chiapensis (Sciurus), Nelson, Proc. Wash. Acad. Scien., 1, 1899,
p. 69.
CHIAPAS SQUIRREL.
Type locality. San Cristobal, State of Chiapas, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Mountains of central portion of State of Chiapas,
Mexico. Altitude, 7,500-9,500 feet.
Genl. Char. Similar to S. griseiflavus, but grayer above, and
feet whitish.
Color. Upper parts and outside of arms and legs grizzled gray;
ears grayish white, with white basal patches; orbital ring pale fulvous;
sides of head fulvous brown; sides of nose, lower part of cheeks,
chin and throat, whitish gray; hands and feet grayish white; under
parts rufous; base of tail all around like back, above black, washed
with white, beneath yellowish brown or rufous, bordered with black
and edged with white.
Measurements. Total length, 506; tail vertebre, 253; hind foot,
70. Skull: average of five; basal length, 50.9; palatal length, 26.6;
interorbital width, 19.1; zygomatic width, 34.3; length of upper
molar series, 11.4.
88. yucatanensis (Sciurus), Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.,1897,p.5.
carolinensis yucatanensis Allen, Mon. N. Am. Roden., 1877, p. 705.
carolinensis Alston, Proc. Zo6él. Soc., 1878, p. 658.
YUCATAN SQUIRREL.
Type locality. Merida, Yucatan, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Peninsula of Yucatan, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Pelage coarse, bristly; ear tufts sometimes present.
Color. Upper parts and flanks grizzled gray and black, some-
times tinged with yellowish brown; sides of head pale gray; orbital
ting whitish; outside of arms and legs, with feet and hands, like
back; ears dark gray; some specimens have whitish basal patches;
tufts yellowish white, not always present; under parts whitish or
grayish white; base of tail all around like back, remainder above
black, washed With white, beneath grizzled gray, with a narrow
black border and white edge.
126 SCIURUS,
Measurements. Total length, 460; tail vertebra, 230; hind foot,
55. Skull: basal length, 45; palatal length, 23; interorbital width,
16.2; zygomatic width, 19; length of upper molar series, 9.5.
a.—batlioluws (Scturus), Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xIv, 1901,
Detect,
SWARTHY SQUIRREL,
Type locality. Apazote, State of Campeche, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Southern part of State of Campeche, and eastern
part of State of Tabasco, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Similar to S. yucatanensts, but darker.
Color. Above blackish gray suffused with buff; beneath iron
gray; legs and hands grizzled with buff or gray; feet black; tail black,
washed with gray,
Measurements. Total length, 464; tail vertebra, 238; hind foot,
59.
89. thomasi (Sciurus), Nelson, Proc. Wash. Acad. Scien., I, 1899,
p. 71.
boothie (nec Gray), Allen, Mon. N. Am, Rodent., 1877, pp. 741-
746. (Part. Costa Rica.)
hypopyrrhus Alston, Proc. Zodl. Soc., 1878, pp. 662-664. (Part.
Costa Rica specimens. )
THOMAS’ SQUIRREL.
Type locality, Talamanca, Costa Rica,
Geogr. Distr. ‘‘Humid tropical forests of eastern Costa Rica.”
Genl. Char. Hair on back coarse, stiff, glossy; tail long, narrow.
Color. Crown and upper parts of body, sides of neck, outer side
of arms and legs, and base of tail black, the yellowish under color
appearing; chin and sides of head grayish brown; under parts ferru-
gineous, irregularly varied with white; tail above black, washed with
white, beneath grizzled black and yellowish brown, bordered with
black and edged with white; feet black or grizzled ferrugineous; ears
blackish, with basal ferrugineous patch, and black tufts.
Measurements. Average total length, 517.5; tail, 246.5; hind foot,
62.2. Skull: basal length, 50; palatal length, 26.2; interorbital width,
22; zygomatic width, 35.5; length of upper molar series, 11.5.
90. adolphei (Macroxus), Less., Nouv. Tabl. Régn. Anim. Mamm.,
1842, p. 112.
boothie Allen, Mon. N. Am. Rodent., 1877, p. 741. (Part.
Nicaragua, )
hypopyrrhus Alston, Biol. Centr. Amer. Mamm., 1, 1880, p. 128.
(Part.)
SCIURUS., 127
NICARAGUA SQUIRREL.
Type locality. Realejo, Nicaragua.
Geogr. Distr. Lowlands on west coast of Nicaragua,
Genl. Char. WUairs of back coarse, stiff, shiny; under fur short,
Color. Upper parts and upper portion of thighs, dark brown,
washed with grayish; flanks paler; crown iron gray; cheeks, sides of
neck, and nape grayish brown; under parts, arms, part of shoulders,
and inside of thighs dark reddish chestnut; chin, throat, axillar
region, and between hind legs white; tail above black washed with
white, beneath rusty brown bordered with black and edged with
white; hands and feet grizzled chestnut; ears iron gray, with white
patches at base.
Measurements. Total length, 440; tail vertebra, 199; hind foot, 65.
a.—dorsalis (Sciurus), Gray, Proc. Zodl. Soc., 1848, p. 138.
rigidus Peters, Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1863,
D, O52,
intermedius Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 3d Ser., xx, 1867, p. 421.
nicoyana Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 3d Ser., xx, 1867, p. 423.
boothie Allen, Mon. N. Am. Rodent., 1877, p. 741. (Part. Costa
Rica specimens.)
hypopyrrhus Allen, Mon. N. Am. Rodent., 1877, p. 746. (Part.
West Costa Rica specimens.)
BANDED-BACK SQUIRREL.
Type locality. Liberia, Costa Rica nec Caracas, Venezuela.
Geogr. Distr. Western Costa Rica, Alajuela to Liberia, Peninsula
of Nicoya, and possibly adjacent parts of Nicaragua.
Genl. Char. Tail long, narrow; colors brighter than those of S.
adolphei. Hairs coarse, stiff.
Color. Dorsal band from nape to tail blackish to grizzled yellow-
ish brown; sides grayish; crown and sides of head paler than back;
under parts, arms, legs, hands, and feet varying from white or yellow-
ish to rufous; chin, cheeks, and sides of neck grizzled gray to grayish
brown; tail above black, washed with white, beneath dark rufous
to rusty orange, or grayish white bordered by black and edged with
white; ears grizzled gray or brown, with black border, and basal
white patches. This is a very variable species and has several color
phases, individuals presenting quite a different appearance from each
other.
Measurements. Total length, 510; tail vertebra, 248.5; hind foot,
62.2. Skull: average of two; basal length, 51.7; palatal length, 27.7;
interorbital width, 21.8; zygomatic width, 35.2; length of upper
molar series, 11.7.
128 SCIURUS.
91. melania (Sciurus), Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 3d Ser., xx,
1867, p. 425.
GRAY'S BLACK SQUIRREL.
Type locality. Point Burica, Costa Rica,
Geogr. Distr. Costa Rica, Chiriqui, Panama. (Bangs.) 2,000
feet altitude.
Color. Back dark chocolate; rest of pelage and tail black.
Measurements. Total length, 500; tail vertebra, 260; hind foot,
03; ear, 30.
92. boothiw (Sciurus), Gray, List. Spec. Mamm. Brit. Mus., 1843,
p. 139.
richardsont Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., rst Ser., x, 1842, p. 264.
(nec Bachman.)
Juscovartegatus Schinz., Syn. Mamm., 1, 1845, p. 15.
hypopyrrhus Alston, Proc. Zodl. Soc., 1878, p. 662. (Part. Hon-
duras specimens. )
HONDURAS SQUIRREL.
Type locality. Honduras. San Pedro Sula?
Geogr, Distr. Humid coast forests of northern Honduras and
border of Guatemala,
Genl, Char. Pelage thin; hair coarse; tail nearly as long as head
and body, narrow,
Color. Above grizzled grayish brown, occasionally tinged with
reddish; chin and sides of head grayish brown; outside of arms and
legs, hands and feet dark grayish brown, sometimes nearly black;
tail at base like back, remainder above black, washed with white,
beneath dark grizzled brown, tinged with yellowish and bordered
with black and edged with white; ears with black border.
Measurements, Total length, 524; tail vertebra, 255; hind foot,
03.
a.—belti. (Seturus), Nelson, Proc. Wash. Acad. Scien., 1, 1899, p. 78.
EScONDIDO RIVER SQUIRREL.
Type locality. Escondido River, fifty miles above Bluefields,
Nicaragua,
Geogr. Distr. East coast region of Nicaragua, north to Segovia
River, Honduras,
Genl. Char. Similar to S. boothi@, but under parts rusty rufous,
and rusty yellowish hands and feet.
Color. Above, including nose and base of tail, grizzled grayish
brown, washed with black; chin and sides of head yellowish brown
to brownish gray; under parts rusty rufous; outer side of arms and
legs suffused with rusty yellow; hands and feet rusty yellowish and
SCIURUS. 129
black; tail above black, washed with white, beneath grizzled yellowish
brown or rusty, bordered with black and edged narrowly with white ;
ears and basal patches, rusty; border of ears black.
Measurements. Total length, 506; tail vertebra, 258; hind foot,
60. Skull: average of four; basal length, 48.8; palatal length, 25.5;
interorbital width, 19.6; zygomatic width, 33.7; length of upper
molar series, 11.4.
93. variegatoides (Sciuwrus), Ogilby, Proc. Zodl. Soc., 1839, p. 117.
pyladei Less., Nouv. Tabl. Regn. Anim., Mamm., 1842, p. 112.
colue@i Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 3d Ser., xx, 1867, p. 746.
(Part. var. 1.)
hypopyrrhus Allen, Mon. N. Am. Rodent., 1877, pp. 746-750.
(Part. Salvador specimens.)
VARIEGATED SQUIRREL.
Type locality. Salvador, west coast Central America,
Geogr. Distr. Tropical forests of Salvador, West Coast of Central
America,
Genl. Char. Tail slender; base of tail and upper parts yellowish
gray.
Color. Upper parts, outer side of arms and legs above, and base
of tail grizzled yellowish gray; under parts buffy ochraceous; lower
part of arms and legs, and hands and feet dark ochraceous buff;
chin and cheeks grayish buff; tail above black, washed with white,
beneath grizzled buffy gray, bordered by black and edged with white,
ears pale rusty; basal patches buff, bordered faintly with black.
Measurements. Total length, 545; tail vertebra, 280; hind foot,
66 Skull: basal length, 49; palatal length, 26; interorbital breadth,
20; zygomatic width, 34; length of upper molar series, rr.
94, managuensis (Sciuwrus), Nelson, Proc. Wash. Acad. Scien., 1,
[o00, Pp. St.
boothie managuensis Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., x11, 1898,
Pp. 150.
Rio MANAGUA SQUIRREL.
Type locality. Managua River, Guatemala.
Geogr. Distr. Northern Guatemala, along Managua River.
Genl, Char. Pelage dense; hair coarse; tail long, narrow.
Color, Above with base of tail grizzled yellowish brown; crown
and median dorsal region washed with black; sides and outer sides
of arms and legs suffused with yellowish; chin and sides of head
yellowish brown; under parts dingy yellow to reddish buff; tail above
black, washed With white, beneath grizzled grayish or yellowish
brown, bordered with black and edged with white; hands and feet
10 SCIURUS,
grizzled buffy yellow; ears edged with black, basal patches buffy
yellow; tufts rusty,
Measurements, Total length, 537; tail vertebra, 270; hind foot,
62.7. Skull: average of two; basal length, 50.2; palatal length, 27;
interorbital width, 19; zygomatic width, 33.9; length of upper molar
series, 11.5.
95. goldmani (Sciurus), Nelson, Proc, Biol. Soc. Wash., xu, 1898,
Pp. 149.
GOLDMAN'S SQUIRREL,
Type locality, Huehuetan, State of Chiapas, Mexico,
Geogr, Distr. Southeastern part of State of Chiapas, Mexico, into
Guatemala,
Genl, Char, Ear tufts present; pelage thin; hairs coarse,
Color, Upper parts pale iron gray; rump and middle of back
washed with black; top of head iron gray, tinged with yellow and
washed with black; shoulders yellowish gray; outside of arms dark
gray; hands paler; outside of thighs and tlanks pale yellowish iron
gray; feet grizzled iron gray; ears gray, with rufous tufts and white
basal patches; orbital ring brownish buff; under parts white; tail
above black, washed with white, beneath iron gray to grizzled
yellowish, narrowly bordered with black on sides and subterminally,
and edged with white,
Measurements, Total length, 570; tail vertebra, 305; hind foot,
O8. Skull: average of five; basal length, 51.2; palatal length, 26.9;
interorbital width, 19.8; zygomatic width, 33.9; length of upper
molar series, 11,3.
H. Hesperosciurus.
Premolars, =. Skull long, broad, especially across parieta
region, where it is depressed; zygomatic process of squamosal hori-
zontal, arch obliquely ascending; rostrum rather broad; nasals long,
terminating equally with posterior ends of premaxille; molars large,
heavy,
96. griseus (Sciurus), Ord, Guth,, Geog., 815, p. 292. Elliot, Syn,
N. Am, Mamm.,, rgor, p. 55.
Jossor Peale, U.S. Expl. Exped., Mamm. & Birds, 1848, p. 55.
hermannt LeConte, Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil., 1852, p. 149.
leporinus Hensh., Ann, Rep. Engin,, 1876, p. 25.
anthonyt Mearns, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xx, 1898, p. sor.
CALIFORNIA GRAY SQUIRREL,
ype locality. The Dalles, Columbia River, Wasco County,
Oregon,
SCIURUS, l
Fia, 20. SCIURUS (HH ESPEROSCIURUS) GRISEU
No, 660% Mield Columbian Mus, Coll Nat, size
Geogr, Distr, Oregon and northern California, into Lower Califor
nia, Mexico
Genl, Char. Size large; tail vertebra as long as body and head;
upper premolars and molars, five; skull slender, elongate
Color Above and outside of arms and legs grizzled bluish gray
and black; under parts pure white; tult at base of ear chestnut
tail above mixed gray, white, and black, with a white border, beneath
grizzled grayish white, with sometimes an ill-defined border and white
edge; hands grayish white to grizzled gray; feet gray to blackish gray
Measurements, Total length, 565; tail vertebra, 257; hind foot,
77, Car, 30% Skull: average of five; basal length, 56.3; palatal
length, 32.1; int@rorbital width, 20.8; zygomatic width, 38.7; length
of upper molar series, 11 "
|
i SCIURUS.,
The Chickarees, or Red Squirrels, comprising the last sub-genus
of Seturus, are boreal in their range and are found as far north as
the limit of trees. So far as known, only one subspecies penetrates
into Mexico, and this is confined to the San Pedro Martir Mountain
range of Lower -California, where probably by a lofty altitude it
counteracts the effects of a more southern latitude. The tail of the
Red Squirrel is smaller than that of the gray squirrel group and its
allies, and the ears are often tufted or penciled in winter, and the
species represent in America the common squirrel of Europe. Like
many species of Tamias, at certain seasons the Chickarees have a
black line along the side dividing the color of the upper and under
parts
[, Tamiasciurus, Chickarees,
Premolars, | or = Skull short, broad, depressed between
i]
orbits; superior outline greatly curved, highest point between post
orbital process of the frontal; rostrum short, broad; nasals broad, not
Fia. 21 SCIURUS (TAMIASCIURUS) D. MEARNS
No, 2s170 U.S, Nat. Mus. Co Na
SCIURUS., 1338
equaling interorbital width; squamosal process of zygoma projecting
outward, curving gradually downward; molar series rather heavy.
dowglasi mearnsi (Scturus), Towns., Proc, Biol. Soc, Wash., x1,
1897, p. 146.
MEARNS’ SQUIRREL,
Type locality. San Pedro Martir Mountains, Lower California,
Mexico. Altitude, 7,000 feet.
Geogr. Distr. Forest of San Pedro Martir Mountains, Lower Cali-
fornia, Mexico. Altitude about 7,000 feet.
Genl, Char. Similar to S. d. albolimbatus, but grayer, with pale
colored hands and feet,
Color. Upper parts pale gray, tinged with yellowish; sides of
head grizzled gray; orbital ring whitish; ears gray; broad lateral line
black; under parts whitish; basal half of tail above pale gray, suffused
with rusty and edged with white, remaining portion black, washed
with white, beneath grizzled gray, bordered with black and edged
with white; hands and feet pale buff; ears gray; tufts black.
Measurements. Total length, 308-346; tail vertebra, 111-130;
hind foot, 51-55. Skull: basal length, 41; palatal length, 25; inter-
orbital constriction, 14.5; zygomatic width, 28; length of upper molar
series, 8.
The sprightly and gayly colored little Chipmunks, north of the
Mexican boundary, are among the commonest of American Rodents.
They frequent the forests or rocky places, often bare of trees, and
make their nests in holes either in the ground cor in stumps of trees,
or in the interstices of rocks. Brushheaps are much frequented by
these lively creatures as affording a facile means of escape, and also
for observing the movements of anything that has excited their
fears. While dwellers of the ground, they readily climb trees, but
rarely leap from branch to branch, as do the tree squirrels. They
feed on seeds, nuts, and grain, and diligently provide an ample store
against the coming of winter, carrying it to the various hiding places
in their cheek pouches, They are pretty animals, usually possessing
bright colored stripes, and the many forms into which the genus has
been divided bear a general resemblance to each other, so close
indeed that in not a few instances it is not an easy matter for even
the expert to distinguish them. Comparatively few species are
found south of the Mexican and United States boundary line, and
of these some aré more plentifully represented in the more northern
land.
184 TAMIAS.,
35. Tamias. Chipmunks,
Lit: Pp or: M2 = 20 or 22.
[—I] I—I] [==] eg
J. A. Allen. A review of some of the North Amertcan Ground
Squirrels, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1890, p. 45.
Tamias Illig., Prodr. Syst. Mamm. et Av., 18121, p. 83. Type
Scrurus striatus Linneus,
Tenotts Rafin., Am. Month. Mag., 1, 1817, p. 362.
Kutamias Trouess., Le Nat., 11, 1880, p. 86.
Tail short, not bushy, narrow; cheek pouches large; ears without
tufts. Skull narrow anteriorly; superior outline convex; postorbital
processes slender, directed backward and downward; antorbital
foramen oval: zygomata expanded and depressed anteriorly; upper
g PI
premolars either two or one,
Fia, 22, TAMIAS OBSCURUS.,
Field Columbian Mus, Coll, Nat, size
Upper roorh ROW LOWER TOOTH ROW,
Enlarged & times Enlarged & times,
A, Butamias.
Skull with superior outline highest over parietals; orbital foramen
a narrow, slit-like opening; rostrum compressed; nasals short, slightly
narrowed posteriorly; pterygoid fossa long and wide; audital bulle
large
TAMIAS, Lah
KEY TO THE SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES.
A. Size medium. PAGE
a. Median dark dorsal stripe alone distinct....,. T. dorsalis 135
b. Three dark dorsal stripes distinct; outer pair
faint.
a.’ Tail beneath with central area rufous..... T. obscurus 136
b.’ Tail beneath with central area ochraceous...7. bullert 136
c.’ Tail beneath with central area pale yellow.7. durange 137
d.’ Tail beneath with central area reddish
SORA eR TH an eh ty de OpLe Pains beatae Tl. merriamt 137
c. Five dark dorsal stripes distinct........ T. quadrivittalus 138
97. dorsalis (Jamias), Baird, Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil., 1855,
p. 332. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 68.
quadrivitiatus pallidus Coues & Yarr., in Wheeler's Rep, Geogr,
& Geol. Expl. and Surv. West of roo Merid., v, 1876, p. 118.
GILA CHIPMUNK,
Type locality, Fort Webster, Grant County, New Mexico.
Geogr. Distr, Northern Utah to northern Mexico; west to the
Sierra Nevada; east to the Mimbres in New Mexico.
Genl, Char. Single dorsal stripe alone conspicuous,
Color. Upper parts hoary mixed with rusty and brown; flanks
and hips dull rusty; dorsal stripe dark brown; a faint stripe of grayish
on flanks; under parts dull grayish white; tail above mixed black,
chestnut, and white, hairs chestnut at base; face with usual Tamas
stripes,
Measurements, Total length, 237; tail vertebra, 105; hind foot,
22; ear, 20. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 37; Hensel, 29; zygomatic
width, 20; interorbital width, 9; palatal length, 16; length of upper
molar series, 5.
Fia, XXX. TAMIAS OBSCURUS. DUSKY CHIPMUNK.
1d TAMIAS,
98. obscurus (Jamas), Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1890,
Pp. 79:
LOWER CALIFORNIA CHIPMUNK,
Type locality, San Pedro Martir Mountains, Lower California,
Mexico,
Geogr, Distr, San Pedro Martir and Hanson Laguna Mountains,
Lower California, Mexico,
Genl, Char, Size small; pelage soft, color dark.
Color, Post-breeding Pelage. Above dark brownish gray; five
indistinet dorsal stripes dull chestnut, posterior half of median one
blackish; intermediate light stripes whitish gray; central portion of
flanks yellowish brown; shoulders, arms, thighs, and legs like upper
parts; top of head blackish gray; ears similar, with large white
patches at base; sides of face whitish, with three chestnut stripes
from nose to ears; under parts whitish; tail above black or dark
brown washed with black, beneath rufous edged with black and with
white hairs intermingled; hands like arms; feet buffy or brownish
gray,
Winter Pelage, Dull; light stripes on dorsal region very faint,
almost obsolete; dark stripes also faintly perceptible; upper parts
iron gray tinged with brown, with the light gray stripes, and darker
brown ones faintly indicated; middle of sides fulvous; top of head
like back; two white stripes on sides of face, one from tip of nose
over and beyond eye, the other from beneath eye to base of ear;
shoulders and sides like back; upper parts of arms and hands, legs
and feet paler brownish or brownish gray; under parts white, plum-
beous of under fur showing through; tail above black, beneath in
center dark rufous, bordered with black and edged with yellowish
white; anal region very dark rufous,
Measurements, Total length, 230; tail vertebra, 80-103; hind
foot, 32-34. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 37; Hensel, 16; zygomatic
width, 20; interorbital width,.8; palatal length, 15.5; length of upper
molar series, 5.5.
00, bulleri (7amias), Allen, Bull. Amer, Mus. Nat. Hist., 1889,
Pp. 73:
MEXICAN CHIPMUNK,
I'ype locality, Sierra de Valparaiso, State of Zacatecas, Mexico.
Geogr, Distr, State of Zacatecas, Mexico,
Genl, Char, Similar to 7, merrtamt, Ears tricolor; black patch
between eye and ear,
Color, Upper parts and sides pale gray tinged with buff; five
dark dorsal stripes, three distinct, the three median ones seal brown
TAMIAS, 137
mixed with yellowish chestnut; outermost ones yellowish chestnut
mixed with blackish; median hght stripes gray, outer ones grayish
white; facial stripes white and black, bordered with rusty; ears on
center at base black, edge margined with rusty and tipped with
white; large white patch at base of ear; under parts and upper sur
face of hands and feet grayish white; tail above black mixed with
buff, and hairs white-tipped, beneath ochraceous, bordered with
black and fringed with white.
Measurements. Total length, 250; tail vertebra, 98; hind foot,
33. Skull: average total length, 36.6; greatest breadth, 23,
100. durange (/¢utamias), Allen, Bull, Am, Mus, Nat, Hist., 1903,
Pp. 595.
DURANGO CHIPMUNK.
Type locality. Arroyo de Buey, State of Durango, Mexico,
Genl, Char. Similar to 7. bullera but larger and paler.
Color, ‘Similar to /¢, (7) bullert from southwestern Zacatecas, but
larger and paler, with the white markings on the head broader, and
the white post-auricular patch larger; rump, basal portion of the
tail, and flanks faintly suffused with a very pale tinge of buff instead
of being gray as in bulleri; the dark dorsal stripes are similar in
extent and in color, but the intervening light stripes are suffused
with pale cinnamon instead of being nearly clear white as in biullert,
and the rufous of the flanks is much paler. (Allen, |. c.)
Measurements, ‘Total length, 238; tail vertebra, 98; hind foot,
32; ear from notch, rg. Skull: total length, 39; zygomatic width, ar,
101. merriami (7amias), Allen, Bull, Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1890
p. 84. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 71.
asiaticus merriamt Allen, Bull. Am, Mus. Nat, Hist., 1889, p. 176.
Merriam's CHipMUNK.,
Type locality, San Bernardino Mountains, California,
Geogr. Distr, From Tulare and Monterey Counties, California,
’
south in the mountains into Lower California, Mexico,
Genl, Char. Size large; color pale; facial and dorsal marking not
strongly contrasted; ears high, pointed.
Color, Above dull yellowish gray mixed in places with fulvous;
dorsal stripes pale yellowish to fulvous brown, the light ones pale
gray; sides and rump pale olivaceous; tail above blackish, fringed
with» gray, beneath reddish chestnut, bordered with black and
fringed with whitish,
Post-breeding Pelage. Wlanks golden rufous; dark dorsal stripes
yellowish rufous light ones silver gray; tail beneath orange chestnut,
above orange yellow.
138 TAMIAS.
Measurements, Average total length, 285; tail vertebra, 117,
hind foot, 34. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 41; Hensel, 31; zygo-
matic width, 21; interorbital width, g; palatal length, 16; length of
upper molar series, 5.5.
102. quadrivittatus (Sciurus), Say, Long’s Exped. Rocky Mts., 1,
1823, p. 45.
quadrivittatus (Tamias), Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1gor, p. 75.
COLORADO CHIPMUNK.
Type locality, Arkansas River, Colorado, ‘‘near where it breaks
through the foothills,’ Park County (?)
Geogr. Distr. State of Durango, Mexico, north to southern
boundary of Colorado, northward through Wyoming to and includ-
ing the Yellowstone National Park.
Genl. Char. Rather small; general color gray.
Color. Breeding Pelage. Above gray, sides washed with pale
yellowish brown; beneath grayish white; dark dorsal stripes black
and rufous; light ones ashy; outer white.
Post-breeding Pelage. Above rufous; thighs plumbeous gray;
dark dorsal stripes black and rufous; outer light stripes whitish;
flanks yellowish rufous; under parts grayish white; dark facial stripes
rusty brown; light ones grayish white; tail above black and buff,
beneath buffy ochraceous bordered and fringed with black.
3; tail vertebre, 82;
hind foot, 31. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 35; Hensel, 14; zygo-
matic width, 18; interorbital width, 7; palatal length, 15; length of
Measurements. Average total length, 22
upper molar series, 4.
The genus CITELLUS, containing the Spermophiles, is represented
in North America by a considerable number of species and varieties,
which exhibit the extremes of form from that of a rather small, stout,
short-tailed animal, to a large, more slenderly and gracefully shaped
creature with a long, bushy, squirrel-like tail. In many places they
are known as ‘gophers,’ and like the real gopher, they are great
diggers, and live in burrows, into which they scurry at the least
alarm. They are gregarious and sociable, living in communities,
and in certain districts of our country are veritable pests when making
their abodes in cultivated ground. Very active and industrious,
they lay up great stores of food against the winter, and in spite of
their troublesome propensities, are pleasing objects in a landscape,
as they flit over the ground waving their bushy tails, or sit upright
CITELLUS., 139
at the mouths of their burrows, vigilant watchmen of danger’s
approach. The different species are striped, spotted, or otherwise
marked in various colors, and some are exceedingly pretty creatures.
36. Citellus,
I—I , 2—2. aed | DA
Li; P22; M3 = 22.
Citellus Oken, Lehrb. der Zodl., 1, 1816, p. 842. Type Mus citellus
Linneus.
Spermophilus F. Cuv., Mem. Mus., vi, 1825, PD. 2032;
Spermatophilus Wagl., Syst. Av. Amphib., 1830, p. 22.
Citillus Lichten., Darst. neuer oder wenig bekannt. Saugeth., Heft
5, 1627—34, pl. XXXI, fig. 2.
Colobots Brandt, Bull. Classe Phys-math. Acad. Imp. Scien. St.
Petersb., 11, 1844, p. 36s.
Otospermophilus Brandt, Bull. Classe Phys-math. Acad. Imp.
Scien. St. Petersb., 11, 1844, p. 379.
Otocolobus Brandt, Bull. Classe Phys-math. Acad. Imp. Scien. St.
Petersb., 11, 1844, p. 382.
’
Ictidomys Allen, Mon. N. Am. Rod., 1877, p. 821.
Spermoplulopsis Blasius, Tag. Deut. Nat. Vers., 1884, p. 324.
Ammospermoplilus Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., vil, 1892, p. 27.
Xerospermophilus Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., vu, 1892, pO: a7,
Calospermophilus Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 11, 1897, p. 189
(note).
FiG. 23. CITELLUS (AMMOSPERMOPHILUS) H. SAXICOLA.
No, 59469 U.S. Nat. Mus, Coll. Nat, size.
140 CITELLUS.
Body rather slender; tail either long, moderate, or short, varying
greatly in its length among the different species; ears large to rudi-
mentary, not tufted; cheek pouches large; skull variable, short and
broad like Scturus, or long and narrow; postorbita] processes strong,
with a downward direction; antorbital foramen circular, with a well-
developed tubercle on outer lower border.
KEY TO THE SUBGENERA.
A. Coronoid process of mandible broad and heavy.
a. Nasals equal in length to the premaxille
salon (FRSA SNS es ih bak ath Say hace he Satna cated Be Ammos permo philus
b. Nasals not so long as the premaxille. ...\erospermophilus
B. Coronoid process of mandible long and slender.
a. Nasals longer than the premaxille.
Be) PAIIOROD ES, - TUB ye ckstateneehin aate< testes Callos permo philus
b.’ sDaillong anime busiit. Sit, ora. coc Otospermo plhilus
KEY TO THE SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES:
A. Size small; tail short, narrow.
a. Upper parts not spotted.
a.’ Tail beneath white on central portion,
a.” Above grizzled grayish brown and vina-
CROWS Ait ce de ake Ween ene eat pta oo. Ghar
b.’’ Above pale yellowish brown and white. C. h. saxicola
c.” Above grizzled orev. Wk wee a ... C, leucurus
Go A bOVe ITGR Ona, Ae earns ee sees C. Ll. peninsulke
e.” Above grizzled gray and vinaceous ....C. interpres
b.’ Tail not white beneath.
a.’ Above grizzled gray and _ yellowish
Dro wits si. orate Can ase eee Nile a eee C. tereticaudus
b.” Above ‘tawn, colori eure a C. t. sonortensts
c.”’ Above grizzled yellowish brown and
hE Nol Se ee eo te ere id een C. perotensts
b. Upper parts spotted.
a.’ Above reddish-browm..3 7 seen an tie C. spilosoma
b.’ Above russet brown, white spots bordered
with: dusky.c::<.% iy Gate .. .C..s, microspilotus
ce.’ Above dark reddish or yellowish brown. . ..C. mextcanus
d.’ Above pale reddish brown............ C. m. parvidens
B. Size large, tail long, bushy.
a. Tail not over one-fourth total length....... C. madrensis
b. Tail less than half total length.
a.’ Tail not annulated.
PAGE
141
143
147
148
PAGE
I4I
142
142
143
143
144
144
145
145
145
146
146
147
CITELLUS, 141
a.’’ Shoulders black, spotted with ferru- PAGE
felis [oU DI) Ie ol fi Santas ae A ee C.vartegatus 148
b.”” Shoulders mottled with black and white.
/’’ Crown speckled with black and
a
white, or brown, black, and white..C.v. grammurus 1409
Det row LAs OWE cj Gand ive sui oie a fe C. vu. fishert 150
ce.” Shoulders black, crown black...... C.v. atricapillus 150
d.”” Shoulders blackish brown and whitish;
crown, sides, and nape of head black. .C.v. ruprestris 180
e.’’ Shoulders grizzled grayish and black....C. adocetus 152
b.’ Tail annulated.
A. MC dOOt VERIO vecea Mutya ea a 09 (..C. OnnUAths 151
Be SMC, TOMTOM as cy oreonh vrliees .C. a. goldmant 151
A. Ammospermophilus, Merr.
Size small. Skull broad; interorbital constriction slight; nasals
short, broad, reaching posterior end of premaxilla; first premolar
less than half the second in size; tail, one-third the length of the
head and body.
Fia. 24. CITELLUS (AMMOSPERMOPHILUS) L. PENINSULA.
‘No. 4948 Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. Coll. Nat. size.
103. harrisi (Spermoplilus), Aud. & Bachm., Quadr. N. Am., 11,
Poet. 207, pl. DA4, Pig, t. Elhot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm.,
[90T, .195.
HaArrIs’s SPERMOPHILE,
Type locality. Not determined.
142 CITELLUS.
Geogr. Distr. Northeastern part of State of Sonora, Mexico,
to southern Utah and Nevada, into California.
Genl. Char. Ears small, tail short, black dorsal stripe wanting;
angle of mandibular ramus much developed.
Color. Above grizzled grayish brown, tinged with vinaceous
posteriorly; narrow white stripe on sides; flanks tinged with pale
chestnut; orbital ring, and lower parts of body yellowish white;
tail flat, above black and white, edged with white, beneath white
bordered with black and edged with white. Some specimens exhibit
little or no difference between the upper and lower sides of the tail.
Measurements. Total length, 260; tail vertebra, 88; hind foot,
41. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 39.5; Hensel, 32; zygomatic width,
23; interorbital width, 10; palatal length, 19; length of upper molar
series, 8.
a.—saxicola (Spermophilus), Mearns, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1896,
p. 444. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1gor1, p. 86.
Rock SPERMOPHILE.
Type locality. Tinajas Atlas, Gila Mountains, Yuma County,
Arizona.
Geogr. Distr. State of Sonora, Mexico, north to Gila Mountains,
southwestern Arizona.
Genl. Char. Colors pallid; tail rather long.
Color. Like C. harrist, but all hues much paler, and tail longer.
Above grayish brown, all the hairs tipped with yellowish white
giving a grizzled appearance; a narrow whitish stripe on side from
shoulder to rump; flanks speckled with brown and rufous; shoulders
and limbs pale chestnut, hair tipped with whitish; under parts white;
tail black mixed with white and a narrow edging of the same; hands
and feet white tinged with buff. .
Measurements. Total length, 245; tail vertebrz, 93; hind foot,
40. (ex Type.) Skull: occipito-nasal length, 40; Hensel, 35; zygo-
matic width, 23.5; interorbital width, 10; palatal length, 20; length
of upper molar series, 8.
104. leucurus (TJamias), Merr., N. Am. Faun., No. 2, 1889, p. 20.
leucurus (Spermophilus), Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p.
86.
WHITE-TAILED SPERMOPHILE.
Type locality. San Gorgonio Pass, Riverside County, California.
Geogr. Distr. Lower California, Mexico, to California, Utah,
Arizona, and New Mexico.
Genl. Char. Smaller than C. harrist, tail shorter, below white.
CITELLUS. 143
Color. Above grizzled gray, vinaceous on head and rump; out-
side of legs salmon; white stripe on side of back; under parts white;
tail above iron gray, with indistinct white border, beneath white,
bordered with black.
Measurements. Total length, 209; tail vertebre, 69; hind foot,
38. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 40.5; Hensel, 18; zygomatic width,
23.5; interorbital width, 9.5; palatal length, 18; length of upper
molar series, 6.
a.—peninsule (Tamas), Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1893,
Pp. 197.
LowER CALIFORNIA SPERMOPHILE,
Type locality. San Telmo, Lower California, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Lower California, Mexico, range unknown.
Genl. Char. Color darker than C. harris1; tail very short.
Color. Upper part of back gray; top of head and lower back
dusky or reddish brown; outside of arms and thighs reddish cinna-
mon; lateral stripe and under parts white; tail above iron gray,
beneath white with subapical black band.
Measurements. Total length, 213; tail vertebre, 50; hind foot,
35. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 41.5; Hensel, 34; zygomatic width,
24; interorbital width, 10; length of nasals, 10; palatal length, 19.5;
length of upper molar series, 7; length of mandible, 19; length of
lower molar series, 6.
105. interpres (Tamzas), Merr., N. Am. Faun., No. 4, 1890, p. 21.
interpres (Spermophilus) Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 86.
TRADER SPERMOPHILE.
Type locality. El Paso, El Paso County, Texas.
Geogr. Distr. State of Chihuahua, Mexico, north to Utah.
Genl. Char. Similar to C. leucurus; tail long; lateral hairs with
two black bands.
Color. Wunter Pelage. Above grizzled gray tinged with vina-
ceous; shoulder, hips, outer surface of legs ochraceous buff; white
stripe on eyelids and on each side of back; under parts white; tail
above grizzled gray tinged with fulvous, edge whitish, beneath
white.
Measurements. Total length, 226; tail vertebre, 80; hind foot, 37.
B, Xerospermophilus.
Size small. Skull short, broad; interorbital constriction con-
siderable; nasals not reaching posterior ends of premaxille. First
molar one-third the size of second. Tail one-third the length of
body and head.
CITELLUS.
Fia, 25.
CITELLUS (XEROSPERMOPHILUS) S. MICROSPILOTUS,
No, 708 Field Columbian Mus, Coll,
Nat, size,
Uprrer Toorkn ROW,
LOWER TOOTH ROW,
enlarged 4 times Enlarged 4 times,
106. tereticaudus (Spermoplulus), Baird, N. Am. Mamm., 1857, p.
315. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., rgor, p. 98.
ROUND-TAILED SPERMOPHILE,
lype locality, Old Fort Yuma, San Diego County, California.
Geogr, Distr. Central California to Lower California, Arizona,
and State of Sonora, Mexico,
Genl, Char. Tail as long as four-fifths head and body; no spots
on body; feet broad, soles hairy.
Color, Above grizzled gray and yellowish brown; beneath brown-
ish white; tail lke back, brown at end, tip vellowish.
Measurements. Total length, 248; tail vertebra, 112; hind foot,
35. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 37; Hensel, 29; zygomatic width,
23; Interorbital width, 9; palatal length, 17; length of upper molar
Series,
dt. SONROTLCNSTS (Spermophalus), Ward, Amer. Nat., Puan. Vx ISO!l, p.
ISS.
SONORAN SPERMOPHILE,
l'ype locality. Hermosillo, State of Sonora, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. State of Sonora, range unknown,
Genl. Char. Similar to C. eryptosptlotus:
.)
UC Olor,
body without spots.
Upper parts fawn color, hairs ringed with black, straw
vellow, and walnut brown, and tipped with cream buff; sides paler
CITELLUS. 145
fawn; under parts and inner sides of legs and hind feet white, the
last washed with rufous; tail above at base like back, remainder
fawn color bordered with black and fringed with whitish rufous,
beneath pale rufous.
Measurements. Total length, 220; tail vertebra, 65; hind foot,
33. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 37.5; Hensel, 30; zygomatic width,
24; interorbital width, 9; length of nasals, 6; palatal length, 18;
length of upper tooth row, alveolar border, 7.
107. perotensis (Spermophilus), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., v111,
1603, p. 131.
PEROTE SPERMOPHILE.
Type locality. Perote, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. State of Vera Cruz, Mexico; extreme eastern border
of tableland. Altitude 8,000—10,000 feet.
Genl. Char. SimilartoC. elegans. Skull large, heavy; molars with
broad crowns.
Color. Above grizzled yellowish brown irregularly lined with
black posteriorly; under parts, hands, and feet buffy; tail above
mixed black and yellowish brown, beneath ochraceous buff with a
subapical black band.
Measurements. ‘Totallength, 253; tail vertebra, 68; hind foot, 38.
108. spilosoma (Spermoplilus), Bennett, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1833, p.
40. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., rgor, p. 96.
mexicanus, Aud. & Bachm., Quad. N. Am., 111, 1853, p. 42, pl.
Bix,
SPOTTED SPERMOPHILE.
Type locality. ‘“‘That part of California that adjoins Mexico.”’
Western Texas?
Geogr. Distr. Janos, State of Sonora, Mexico, north into Texas
and New Mexico. Altitude, 5,600 feet.
Genl. Char. Size small; ears very short; tail about half the length
of body.
Color. Above reddish brown spotted with white (bordered with
black posteriorly in the young); under parts yellowish white; tail
above like back, with subterminal black bar, tip yellowish brown,
beneath brownish yellow, bordered with black and fringed with
yellowish.
Measurements. Total length, 255; tail vertebre, 75; hind foot,
32.
0 TS. (Spermopmilus), Merr., N. Am. Faun., No. 4,
1890, p. 38. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., rgor, p. 96.
146 CITELLUS,
SMALL-SPOTTED SPERMOPHILE.
Type locality. Oracle, Pinal County, Arizona.
Geogr. Distr. State of Sonora, Mexico, north to Arizona.
Genl, Char. Size medium; dorsal spots large, separate, distinct.
Color. Above russet brown; dorsal spots white bordered poste-
riorly with dusky; under parts whitish; tail above, basal half like
back, remainder mixed buff and black, bordered with buff, beneath
pale ochraceous buff, with indistinct submarginal black band.
Measurements. Total length, 220; tail vertebre, 74; hind foot,
30. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 36; Hensel, 27; zygomatic width,
21.5; interorbital width, 7; palatal length, 16; length of upper molar
series; 7.
109. mexicanus (Sciurus), Erxl., Syst. Régn. Anim., 1, 1777, p. 428.
mexicanus (Citillus), Licht., Darst. Neu. Saugeth., 1830, pl. 31,
Fig. 2. (ex Toluca.)
mexicanus (Spermophilus), Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., rgor, p. 98.
MEXICAN SPERMOPHILE. Urion, Huron, in Mexico.
Type locality. Toluca, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. South central Mexico.
Genl. Char. Tail about half as long as body; ears short; size
medium,
Color. Above dark yellowish to reddish brown, with nine or
eleven lines of white spots; beneath yellowish white; head above
mixed white, black and yellowish; orbital ring and lower side of
cheek white; tail above black and yellowish white, bordered with
black and edged with yellowish white, beneath brownish white, bor-
dered with black, and fringed with brownish white.
Measurements. Total length, 305; tail vertebra, 100; hind foot, 42.
*a,.—parvidens (Spermophilus), Mearns, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus.,
XvitI, 1896, p. 443. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., rgor, p. 99.
SMALL-TOOTHED SPERMOPHILE,
Type locality. Fort Clark, Kinney County, Texas.
Geogr. Distr. Texas into Mexico?
Genl. Char. Similar to C. mexicanus, but smaller; colors paler;
teeth weak.
Color. Pattern like C. mexicanus, colors paler, under parts
white; hairs of tail with two black rings instead of three, and tips
grayish instead of yellowish; back yellowish broccoli brown.
Measurements. Total-length, 325; tail vertebra, 130; hind foot,
44. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 41; Hensel, 19; zygomatic width,
*This form doubtless passes the Mexican boundary, but up to the present
time it has not been recorded from that country.
CITELLUS. 147
24; interorbital width, 9; palatal length, 19; length of upper molar
series, 7.
0. * Callospermophilus,
Skull broad; interorbital space broad; rostrum broad, nasals
longer than premaxilla; first premolar smaller than second. Tail
less than half the length of head and body.
Hy .
re
Fig. 26. CITELLUS (CALLOSPERMOPHILUS) MADRENSIS.
U.S. Nat. Mus, Coll. Nat. size,
UPPER TOOTH ROW, LOWER TOOTH ROW
Enlarged s times, Enlarged § times,
110. madrensis (Callospermophilus), Merr., Proc. Wash. Acad.
Seien., III, 1901, p. 563.
SIERRA MADRE SPERMOPHILE.
Type locality. Sierra Madre, near Guadalupe y Calvo, State of
Chihuahua, Mexico.
Genl, Char. ‘Similar to C. lateralis, but tail about half as long;
rostrum less swollen.’”’
Color. Fall Pelage. Above grizzled grayish; rump dull grayish
fulvous; light lateral stripe grizzled buffy gray, black stripes faint,
nearly obsolete; under parts whitish; tail above grizzled grayish
fulvous and blaek, beneath yellowish, the plumbeous base of hairs
showing through; hands and feet whitish.
*Some writers accord this subgenus, generic rank. It does not seem to
possess sufficient claims for this distinction.
148 CITELLUS.
Measurements. Total length, 233; tail vertebra, 58; hind foot,
39. Skull: total length, 41; Hensel, 33; zygomatic width, 25; inter-
orbital width, 15; palatal length, 18; width of braincase above
zygomata, 20; length of upper tooth row, 8; length of mandible,
angle to alveolus of incisor, 19; length of lower tooth row, 7.5.
D. Otospermophilus, Brandt.
“Skull Broad: molars small; edge of outer wall of antorbital
foramina not thickened; coronoid processes of lower jaw long and
slender; ears very large; tail long, full, bushy.’
Fic. 27. CITELLUS (OTOSPERMOPHILUS) VARIEGATUS.
No, (1250) 4944 Field Columbian Mus, Coll Nat. size
11. variegatus (Sciwrus), Erxl., Syst. Regn. Anim., 1, 1777, Pp. 42!
Nelson, Science, 1898, p. 898
CITELLUS., 149
macrourus (Spermophilus), Bennett, Proc. Zodl. Soc., 1833, p. 41.
buccatus Licht., Abh. K. Akad. Wiss. Berl., 1827, p. 115.
LONG-TAILED SPERMOPHILE.
Type locality. ‘California adjoining Mexico.’’ State of Jalisco?
Geogr. Distr. State of Jalisco, Mexico. (J. A. Allen.)
Genl. Char. Size large, color dark.
FiG. XXXI. CITELLUS (OTOSPERMOPHILUS) VARIEGATUS.
LONG-TAILED SPERMOPHILE.
Color. Above mixed black and brownish gray; crown black; lips
and chin ferrugineous; under parts ferrugineous varied with black;
tail black washed with white, with an irregular black border edged
with whitish, and subapical black band.
Measurements. Total length, 470-485; tail vertebrae, 178; to
end of hairs, 216; hind foot, 56-63. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 65;
Hensel, 53; zygomatic width, 39.5; interorbital width, 16.5; palatal
length, 31; length of upper molar series, 13.5.
a.—srammurus (Sciurus), Say, Long’s Exped. Rocky Mts., u,
1823, p. 72.
coucht Baird, N. Am. Mamm., 1855, p. 311, pl. 81.
grammurus (Spermophilus) Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., rgor, p. 88.
BUSHY-TAILED SPERMOPHILE.
Type locality. Purgatory Creek, Colorado, lat. 37° 32’; long.
lon go’,
Geogr. Distr. State of Sonora, Mexico, north to Parks of Central
Colorado.
Genl. Char. ‘Tail long, full, bushy; ears large; body large, stout;
soles of feet smooth.
Color. Crown speckled black and white, or brown, black and
white; above gray, mottled with brownish white and black, washed
posteriorly with brown; sides of neck and flanks purer gray; inside
of limbs brownish*white or buff; under parts pale yellowish white;
1b0 CITELLUS,
hands and feet gray or buff; tail grayish white and black above,
beneath with sometimes central area buff but usually like upper part.
Measurements, ‘Total length, 530; tail vertebra, 200; hind foot,
60, Skull: occipito-nasal length, 57; Hensel 45; zygomatic width,
30; interorbital width, ro; length of upper molar series, 6,
b.—fisheri (Spermophilus), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., vin,
1893, p. 133. Elliot, Syn. N. Am, Mamm., rgor1, p. 88.
FisHeR's SPERMOPHILE,
Type locality, Wern Valley, twenty-five miles above Kernville,
Tulare County, California,
Geogr, Distr, Lower California, Mexico, central and southern
California to western border of Nevada,
Genl, Char, Like C. v. beecheyi, but paler; white shoulder stripes
longer,
Color, Similar to C. v, beecheyi, but sides of neck and shoulder
stripes silvery white; body spotted on sides with whitish bordered
with dusky; lower part of face whitish; under parts and feet buffy.
Measurements, Total length, 415; tail vertebrae, 175; hind foot,
58. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 53; Hensel, 43; zygomatic width,
32.5; interorbital width, 8.5; palatal length, 25; length of upper molar
series, 11,
c. atricapillus (Spermoplhilus), Bryant, Proc. Calif. Acad. Scien.,
ad Ser., 11, 1889, p. 26.
BLACK-HEADED SPERMOPHILE,
Type locality, Comondu, Lower California, Mexico,
Geogr, Distr, Lower California, Northern Mexico (?)
Genl, Char, Crown black, scapular region blackish,
Color. Similar to C. v. grammurus, but crown black (varying in
extent); orbital ring white; neck, scapulars, and interscapulars black,
mixed with white and buff; rest of upper parts mixed buff and black;
sides grayish or buffy white; under parts whitish; hands and feet
buff; tail black above, the hairs tipped with buff at base and whitish
on remaining portions, and edged with white, beneath black washed
with white,
Measurements, Total length, 535; tail, 235; hind foot, 50;
(skin. )
d.—rupestris (Citellus), Allen, Bull. Am, Mus. Nat. Hist., 1903, p. 595.
Rock SPERMOPHILE,
Type locality, Rio Sestin, State of Durango, Mexico,
Genl, Char, Similar to C. v. grammurus, but larger, and crown
and nape black,
.°
CITELLUS, hl
Color, Front, top, and sides of head black; nose and eyes grayish
brown; white patch above and below eye; upper parts mixed blackish
brown and whitish, darkest on anterior half of dorsal region and
suffused with yellowish brown, sides paler and prayer; throat, upper
breast, and axial region ochraceous buff; rest of under parts yellowish
buff; fore feet yellowish gray; hind feet more strongly yellow; ear
black; tail above grizzled black and white, the hairs ringed with
black and whitish and tipped with white, beneath pale yellowish
white, margined on each side with three black bands, the outer one
the broadest,
Measurements, otal length, 520; head and body, 279; tail ver-
tebrw, 241; hind foot, 64; ear, 25, Skull: total length, 66; zygo-
matic width, 40; length of nasals, 23; length of upper tooth row, 13,
12. annulatus (Spermophilus), Aud, & Bachm,, Jour, Acad, Nat,
Scien, Phil., vist, 1842, p. 319.
RING*TAILED SPHRMOPHILE,
Type locality, None given; probably western Mexico,
Geogr, Distr, Plains of State of Colima, and Territorio de Tepie,
western Mexico; extent of range unknown,
Genl, Char, Body squirrel-like; tail long, rather bushy, ringed;
ears broad and rather high, rounded; claws short, curved; pelage
coarse, stiff,
Color, ‘Top of head black, speckled with deep buff; entire upper
parts and sides mixed black and pale yellow; sides of head, neck,
outer surface of arms and hands, legs, and feet reddish brown, nearly
chestnut; inner side of thighs, and under parts straw yellow; basal
portion of hairs on abdomen black; tail at base like back, rest of
upper part alternately banded with black and pale yellow, beneath
reddish cinnamon, with a narrow interrupted black border edged
with yellow,
Measurements, otal length, 405; tail vertebra, 200; hind foot, 57,
a,—goldmani (Spermoplilus), Merr,, Proc, Biol, Soe, Wash., xv
1902, p. Og,
GOLDMAN'S SPERMOPHILE,
Type locality, Santiago, Territorio de Tepic, Mexico,
Genl, Char, “Similar to (C,) annulalus, but hind foot smaller
(averaging 52.5 instead of 56,5); whitish eyelids clearer and more
distinct; ferrugineous of face, neck, thighs, and tail less extensive and
usually less intense,’’
Measurements, “Type, Total length, 430; tail vertebra, 216;
hind foot, 52,” (Merr,, LG.)
152 CITELLUS,
113. adocetus (Citellus), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 1903, p. 79.
PLAIN-TAILED SPERMOPHILE,
Type locality. La Salada, 40 miles south of Uruapan, State of
Michoacan, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Near C. annulatus, but smaller; tail without rings;
pelage harsh; ears short, tail long. Skull has broader jugal, and
broad frontal; long postorbital processes decurved.
Color. Upper parts grizzled grayish and black, top of head
darker; superciliary stripe buffy, sometimes washed with pale ful-
vous; buffy band under eye; under parts yellowish buff; occasionally
fulvous on throat and chin; fore legs, hands, and feet dull pale fulvous;
sides of neck washed with fulvous; tail grizzled black and buffy,
terminal half bordered with black and edged with buffy fulvous,
median line of distal half beneath pale fulvous. At certain seasons
the upper parts of body are dull ochraceous brown.
Measurements. Total length, 350; tail vertebra, 156; hind foot,
48. Skull: basal length, 41; palatal length, 24; postpalatal length, 17;
zygomatic breadth, 26; interorbital breadth, 13; length of tooth row
on alveolus, 8.25; on crowns, 7.5.
The ‘‘Prairie-dogs,’’ as their name implies, are dwellers of the
plains, where they congregate in such large numbers that their
countless burrows are known as ‘‘towns.’’ The presence of any one
approaching one of these is immediately announed by the barking of
the ‘‘dogs,”’ which, sitting bolt‘upright at the mouths of their burrows,
by shrill staccato cries express their disapproval of the intrusion.
Not very brave are the ‘‘dogs,’’ for when a near approach is threat-
ened, each one disappears into the nearest hole, and does not come out
again until satisfied that all danger is past. In form this Marmot is
rather chunky, with short tail and coarse short hair, the tips of
which have been worn away by constant rubbing against the soil in
their mining operations. The dentition is powerful and the fore
paws are formed for digging. The galleries in their ‘‘towns’”’ ramify
in all directions and cover a vast extent of ground, and it would be
a useless effort to try and dig out one of these animals, They are
very animated, incessantly in motion, and when barking the tail is
jerked upward with a spasmodic action as if the creature were moved
by springs. Owls and rattlesnakes are fellow-boarders with the
‘‘dogs’’ in these towns, by no means dwelling in amity, as supposed
by some, for the snakes and owls destroy the various young, those of
the ‘‘dogs’’ being the chief sufferers, and doubtless they would be
CYNOMYS., 153
only too happy to be rid of their unwelcome neighbors had they the
power to cause their removal. These animals seem to be independent
of water, possibly the dew that often falls heavily in the districts in
which they live satisfying their moderate needs. Prairie-dogs are
not easily caught, and when captured, are difficult to tame, the wild,
free life of the plains, causing by comparison, that of a captive
to be unsupportable. They live on seeds and grasses, and their
cheek pouches are small.
oT. Cynomys.
tT a2). Say
I ed Taser | MS = 22.
Cynomys Rafin., Amer. Month. Mag., 11,1817, p.45. Type Arctomys
ludovictanus Ord,
Amsonyx Rafin., Am. Month. Mag., 11, 1817, p. 45. (nec Latreille,
1807, Coleopt.)
Lipura Illig., Prodr. Syst. Mamm., et. Av., 1811, p. 95.
Monax Warden, Statist. Polit. Hist. Acc. U. S., 1, 1819, pp.
225-228.
Cheek pouches shallow; ears rudimentary; tail very short, flat;
feet with claws on all five toes; pollex large, nail well developed;
pelage short, bristly; dentition very heavy: molars large with three
transverse grooves on their crowns; first and second premolars nearly
equal in size; outline of molar series curved, divergent anteriorly,
approximating posteriorly; postorbital processes strong, well devel-
oped, decurved; antorbital foramina large, subtriangular, the tubercle
at end large and visible when viewed frcm above, and projecting
beyond the superior outline of skull; palate greatly contracted pos-
teriorly; occipital and saggital crests present.
KEY TO-THE SPECIES;
A. Size large. Check pouches present, shallow;
palate greatly contracted posteriorly; post-
orbital processes long, pointed.
a. Tail short, flat; pelage bristly.
a.’ Under parts white; tail with subterminal PAGE
ota DLOCCOMOLOWD . . races: vss nven ss C.arizonensis 154
b.’ Under parts yellowish white; tail with
See MUN DUAIGIE Wl edi dee io ns dw, vowor sn © 3 C. ludovicianus 155
c.’ Under parts pale fulvous; tail with apical
Delt mormed black and white..........¢... C. gunnisoni 156
d.’ Under pagts buffy; tail with apical half
ONERGIS os S 2 ORS ann ae ea ns se ee C.mexicanus 156
CYNOMYS.,
Fia, 28. CYNOMYS LUDOVICIANUS
‘ian Mus, Coll Nat, sie
No, was Field Colum!
114. arizonensis (Cynromys), Mearns, Bull. Am, Mus. Nat
) Elliot, Svn. N. Am, Mamm,, roor, p. 104
1H90, p. BOS
\RIZONA PRAIRIE-DOG
yp realy Point of Mountain, neat
outhern \rigzona
F State of Chihuahua, Mexico, into Arizona
{ \
Hist
Wilcox, Cochise County,
CYNOMYS, 165
Genl. Char. Size large; tail nearly twice as long as that of C.
gunnisont,
Color. Summer Pelage. Above vinaceous cinnamon; below whit-
ish; tail with a narrow subterminal bar of broccoli brown.
Winter Pelage. Above pale sandy buff; below white tinged with
buff.
Measurements. Total length, 376; tail vertebrae, 84; hind
foot, 61. Skull: basilar length, 54.3; total length, 66; interorbital
width, 14; length of nasals, 25; zygomatic width, 43.5; length of
upper molar series, 16.3.
Fia. XXXII. CYNOMYS LUDOVICIANUS. PRAIRIE-DOG.
115. ludovicgianus (Arclomys), Ord, Guth., Geog., 1, 1815, 2d Am,
ed., p. 292.
socialis Rafin., Am. Month. Mag., 11, 1817, p. 45.
grisea Rafin., Am. Month. Mag., 11, 1817, p. 45.
missouriensis Warden, Descrip. Etats Unis, v, 1820, p. 627,
latrans Harlan, Faun. Am., 1825, p. 306.
ludovicianus (Cynomys) Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 102,
Pratrig-poG, Perrito, Perrito del Campo, in Mexico,
Type locality. Plains of the Upper Missouri.
Geogr. Distr. State of Chihuahua, Mexico, north into western
Texas and Kansas to 49th parallel.
Genl. Char. Body stout; tail short; ears very small; claws long.
156 CYNOMYS.
Color. Summer Pelage. Above reddish brown, varied with gray
and black hairs; beneath yellowish white; tail like the back with
the apical third black.
Winter Pelage. Above pale vinaceous buff, grizzled and mixed
with black; below pale buff.
Measurements. Total length, 393; tail vertebre, 88; hind foot,
57. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 65; Hensel, 55; zygomatic width,
47; interorbital constriction, 15; palatal length, 33; length of nasals,
23; length of upper molar series, 17.
116. gunnisoni (Cynomys), Baird, Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil.,
1855, p. 334. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., roor, p. ro3;
GUNNISON’S PRAIRIE-DOG.
Type locality. Cochetopa Pass, Rocky Mountains, Saguache
County, Colorado.
Geogr. Distr. San Diego, State of Chihuahua, Mexico, into New
Mexico and Arizona to Colorado.
~~ Genl. Char. Smaller than C. Indovicianus; tail one-sixth length
of body.
Color. Summer Pelage. Above tawny fulvous, mixed with
black; under parts pale fulvous; tail like back on basal half, rest
mixed black and white bordered and tipped with white.
Winter Pelage. Above pale buff, mixed with black; under parts
pale yellow to fulvous.
Measurements. Average total length, 360; tail vertebre, 69;
hind foot, 60. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 57.5; Hensel, 28; zygoma-
tic width, 41; interorbital constriction, 11.5; palatal length, 28.5;
length of nasals, 20; length of upper molar series, 14.
117. mexicanus (Cynomys), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., vu, 1892,
Pp. 157.
MEXICAN PRAIRIE-DOG.
Type locality. La Ventura, State of Coahuila, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Eastern and northern Mexico.
Genl. Char. Sizelarge. Similar to C. ludovicianus, tail longer and
blacker; nasals as long as distance from anterior edge of foramen
magnum to posterior edge of palate.
Color. Above grizzled buffy fulvous mixed with long black
hairs; under parts, hands, and feet buffy; tail, basal half above like
back, bordered with black, remainder black, beneath basal half buffy,
remainder black and buff grizzled.
Measurements. Total length, 419; tail vertebre, 107; hind foot, 63.
SCIUROPTERUS. 157
The Flying Squirrels are so called, not because they are capable
of any true flight, but on account of a fold of skin attached to the
front and hind limbs and body, which when stretched by the exten-
sion of the arms and legs enables the animal to sail in a descending
line for a considerable distance as if carried by a parachute. They
are beautiful creatures with velvety fur and large, expressive eyes,
nocturnal in their habits, and live in nests or holes in trees. Their
aérial flights occur usually about dusk, and at this time in the locali-
ties they frequent, several may be seen gliding from lofty branches to
the base of a distant tree, up the trunk of which they hasten until the
top is nearly reached, when the voyager is ready for another trip
through space.
Subfam. II. Pteromyine.
38. Sciuropterus.
| ee
I
Sciuropterus F. Cuv., Dent’s du Mamm., 1825, p. 255. /d. Ann. du
Mus., x, 1825, p. 126, pl. x. Type Sciurus volans Linneus.
Limbs connected by a furred membrane extending outwardly
from the sides, and supported by a process from the olecranon. Tail
depressed, flattened, thick; ears large; pelage of velvet softness.
Fic. 29. SciUROPTERUS VOLANS.
No. 928 Field Columbian Mus, Coll. Nat. size.
UPPER TOOTH ROW, LOWER TOOTH ROW.
Enlarged 4 times. Enlarged 4 times.
158 SCIUROPTERUS.
118. volans (Mus.) Linn., Syst. Nat., 1, 1758, p. 63; 1, 1776, p. 85.
(nec Scturus, p. 88.) _
volucella Pall., Nov. Spec. Glires, 1788, p. 351.
volans (Scutropterus), Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., rgor, p. 109.
FLYING SQUIRREL.
Type locality. Virginia.
Geogr. Distr. From northern border of Mexico into Guatemala,
Central America. In United States to northern New York and
southern New Hampshire; not in Florida.
Genl. Char. Size medium; winter and summer pelage alike in
color; hairs of under parts white to base.
Fic. XXXII]. SclUROPTERUS VOLANS. FLYING SQUIRREL.
Color. ‘Upper parts drab shaded with russet, tail slightly darker;
hands above grayish white, feet drab; black orbital ring; under parts
pure white, washed in some specimens with buff.
Measurements. Total length, 234.5; tail vertebrae, 99.6; hind
foot, 31.4. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 34; Hensel, 27; zygomatic
width, 20; interorbital width, 7; palatal length, 9; length of upper
molar series, 6.
Largest of North American rodents, attaining a weight of fifty
pounds or more, the Beaver, which at one time extended its range
over nearly all forest-covered land in the northern Hemisphere, has
CASTOR. 159
now become extinct in the majority of localities. Its skin and scent
bags were too valuable commercially to preserve it from man’s
rapacity. It is probably one of the best-known rodents in the land,
and most persons have some knowledge of the beaver’s house and
dam, or have seen the trunks of trees that have been cut down by
the wonderful adze-like incisors. Clothed in a dense furry coat im-
pervious to water, and provided with paddle-like hind feet and a broad
rudder-like tail, the beaver is at home in the lake or river, where
most of its life is passed. It shuns the vicinity of man, and exists
only in the virgin wilderness.
Fam. Il. Castoridze. Beavers.
Skull massive, no postorbital processes, superior outline nearly
straight; molars single-rooted, with re-entering of enamel folds, and
decreasing in size posteriorly; the molar series is not parallel but con-
verges anteriorly, and the palate is arched, contracted anteriorly.
Incisors large, powerful, the lower much longer than the upper, with
chisel-like edges, and a deep orange red color exteriorly.. Lower jaw
massive; angle of mandible rounded.
39. Castor. Beaver.
Castor Linn., Syst. Nat., 1, 1758, p. 58; 1, 1766, p. 78. Type Castor
fiber Linneus.
Feet four-toed, hind feet large, webbed; upper molars subequal,
with one inner and two outer enamel folds; tail broad, flat, scaly;
molars with dentinal pulp persisting until quite late in life.
canadensis frondator (Castor), Mearns, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus.,
1897, p.502. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., rgor, p. 116.
SONORAN BEAVER.
Type locality. San Pedro River, State of Sonora, Mexico, near
monument No. 98, Mexican boundary.
Geogr. Distr. From State of Sonora, Mexico, to Wyoming and
Montana.
Genl. Char. Size large; scaly portion of tail less than twice as
long as wide.
Color. Upper parts russet, chocolate at root of tail; under parts
grayish cinnamon to ferrugineous beneath tail; sides wood brown
varied with tawnyolive; feet burnt sienna.
1G0O CASTOR
VWeasurements Total length, 1070; tail vertebra, 360; scaly por
tion of tail 290X125; hind foot, 185 Skull: occipito-nasal length,
t34; Hensel, 122; zygomatic width, 97; interorbital constriction, 22,
Fia, 80. CASTOR CGC. FRONDATOR
No, 3s883 U.S. Nat. Mus, Coll yp
palatal length, 78; length of nasals, 46; length of upper molar series,
leneth of mandible, angle to alveolus of incisors, 96; height at
5
condyle, 22; at coronoid process, §2
CASTOR. MURID/E, 161
Fig. XXXIV. CASTOR C. FRONDATOR. SONORAN BEAVER.
The Murip# is the largest family of the rodents and is cosmo-
politan, some members, such as the Brown Rat being met with
throughout the world, carried from place to place in ships. It includes
a vast number of genera, embracing both terrestrial and aquatic
animals of varied structure and habits, while the size of the numerous
species ranges from that of the pigmy Harvest Mouse (genus /t/ithro-
dontomys) to that of the Musk-rat. Every land possesses its own
peculiar species, and North America has a large number indigenous
to it. They are of a great variety and are dwellers of the woods,
cultivated fields, prairie lands, swamps, lakes, and rivers, each seeking,
after its kind, localities best suited to its mode of life.
The subfamily Murine is typified by the Rat and Mouse of our
houses, and thése have their representatives in other subfamilies
of many varied forms and structures. Some are possessed of cheek
pouches. The tubercular teeth have their crowns worn by constant
use to a flat surface and they then exhibit various tracery patterns,
162 MURID/E, MURIN/®, MUS.
and the consequent angles and loops shown, more readily indicate
the relationship of their owner to other forms. Members of the
Muride have a certain family resemblance to each other, in the more
or less lengthened tail, generally naked and scaly, bright eyes, and a
modest coloration suitable for concealing them from their foes.
Fam. Il. Muridee. Rats, Mice, Voles, ete.
Premolars none; molars with or without roots, tuberculate, or
with enamel folds; lower incisors compressed; frontals greatly con-
tracted anteriorly.
Subfam. I. Murinee.
Molars rooted, tuberculate; root of under incisor creating a swell-
ing on outer side of mandible between processes of the condyle and
coronoid; descending process of mandible below the plane of the
molars. Palate nearly flat.
The genus Mus, has more members than any other of the Mammalia
and its representatives are found throughout the world, except in
Madagascar, and possibly other islands whose faune are unknown.
The habits of the various species are similar, although some are
arboreal and others even aquatic.
40. Mus. Mice, Rats.
Mus Linn., Syst. Nat., 1, 1
rattus Linneus.
~
vt
co
4
UC
mal
me
2)
=
4
=
~
oO
oO
p. 79. Type Mus
Jars large, prominent; tail long, scaly; nose acute; molars with
transverse series of tubercles, three in a series, longitudinal.
KEY TO THE SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES,
A. Size small; tail moderately long. PAGE
a. Pelage above grayish brown and _ black,
beneath ashy plumbeous ....... ccs eeeeeeed VWU.musculus 162
b. Pelage above black, beneath buffy gray..... M. m. jalape 163
B. Size large, tail very long, naked, scaly.
a. Pelage black on upper parts. ...........0scees M. rattus 163
b. Pelage brownish on upper parts.
a.’ Under parts ashy ‘white. 00. i... .ca5 5 5 VW. norvegicus 164
b.’ Under parts yellowish white..........4 VU. alexandrinus 164
119. musculus (Mus), Linn., Syst. Nat., 1, 1758, p. 62; mu, 1766,
p. 83. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm.,, rgor, p. 118.
MUS. 163
Fic. 31. Mus Rattus.
No, 4670 Field Columbian Mus, Coll. Nat. size.
UPPER TOOTH ROW,
LOWER TOOTH ROW
Enlarged 4 times Enlarged 4 times.
House Mouse.
Type locality. Sweden.
Geogr. Distr. Cosmopolitan.
Genl. Char. Tail longer than body; soles naked; size small.
Color. Above grayish brown, lined with blackish; beneath ashy
plumbeous, tinged with reddish; tail dusky; feet ashy brown.
Measurements. Total length, 170; tail vertebra, 83; hind foot,
Skull: occipito-nasal length, 20: Hensel, 1c: zygo-
oS ‘ /@O
matic width, ro; interorbital constriction, 3.5; length of nasals, 6
palatal length, 8; length of upper tooth row, 3.
18; ear, nee
a.—jalape (Mus), Allen & Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat.
T3097, p, 198.
JALAPA House Mouse.
Type locality.
Geogr, Distr.
Genl, Char.
Color.
Fist,
Jalapa, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico.
State of Vera Cruz, Mexico, range unknown.
General hue dark, dorsal band broad.
Above black; sides mouse color; under parts buffy gray ;
tail black; feet and ears brown.
Measurements.
Total length, 164; tail vertebra, 82
18; ear, 14.
2; hind foot,
120. rattus (Mus), Linn., eyst. Nat., 1, 1758, p. 61.1
Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., LOOT, Dp, 127
/>
7 BOO, Sas
164 MUS.
Fig. XXXV. Mus RATTUS. BLACK RAT.
BuLack Rat.
Type locality. Sweden.
Geogr. Distr. Cosmopolitan.
Genl,. Char. Tail little longer than head and body.
Color. Above sooty black; beneath plumbeous; feet brown.
Measurements. Total length, 368; tail vertebre, rt90. Skull:
occipito-nasal length, té Hensel, 30; zygomatic width, 17.5; inter-
orbital constriction, 5.5; length of nasals, 12; palatal length, 16.5;
length of upper tooth row, 6.
121. norvegicus (Mus), Erxl., Syst. Rég. Anim., 1777, p. 381.
Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., Suppl., rgor, p. 428.
decumanus Pall., Glir., 1778, p. gt. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm.,
OGL, py Lares
Norway Rat.
Type locality. Norway.
Geogr. Distr. Cosmopolitan. Introduced into North America.
Genl. Char. Tail little shorter than head and body, sparsely
haired; annuli about 200.
Color. Above rusty grayish brown; sides grayer; beneath ashy
white; tail above dusky, beneath paler.
Measurements. Total length, 310; tail vertebre, 146; hind foot,
38. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 44; Hensel, 21; zygomatic width,
22; interorbital constriction, 6; length of nasals, 14; palatal length,
20.5; length of upper tooth row, 6.
—
i]
2. alexandrinus (Mus), I. Geoff., Descr. Egypt, 11, 1818, p. 73
Atlas, pl. v, fig. x. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., rgor, p. 11
tectorum Savi, Nov. Giorn., 182:
CO WwW
a
—-
MUS. ONYCHOMYS. 165
Brown Rat.
Type locality. Alexandria, Egypt.
Geogr. Distr. Cosmopolitan.
Genl. Char. Smaller than M. norvegicus; tail considerably longer
than head and body; annuli about 240.
Color. Above yellowish brown tinged with reddish; flanks
grayish; under parts and upper surface of feet yellowish white; tail
dusky.
Measurements. Total length, 356; tail vertebra, 198; hind foot,
35. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 43; Hensel, 34; zygomatic width,
1g; interorbital constriction, 6.5; length of nasals, 15; palatal length,
20; length of upper tooth row, 6.5.
The next genus contains the Mole Mice, little creatures with a
soft, velvety pelage and rather short tails. They have usually a pale
coloration, with white or whitish belly, hands, and feet.
41. Onychomys. Mole Mice.
Onychomys Baird, N. Am. Mamm., 1857, p. 458. Type Hypudeus
leucogaster, Max.
Hypudeus. Max., Reise, N. Am. 1841, p. 99. (nec Auct.)
“Form arvicoline; tail less than half the body in length; claws
very large, fossorial, the anterior longest; soles with only four tuber-
cles, the two posterior of the other groups wanting; posterior two-
thirds of soles densely furred. Skull without orbital crest; the upper
margin of orbit sharp.”’
KEY TO THE SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES.
A. Tail slightly over one-fourth the uote length PAGE
of head and body.
a. Upper parts tawny cinnamon and black...O.melanophrys 166
b. Upper parts pale cinnamon and Geretilace O.m. pallescens 166
GeeUpper parts grayish vinaceous buff........... O. ramona 167
B. Tail one-third or over the total length of head
and body.
ay Upper parts yellowish brown................ O. torridus 167
Peper PatieGrTab STAV. 0... ee ee eles O. t. arenicola 168
ee Per Paths GINETEOUS . 4... ee O. t. perpallidus 168
Geupper parts My VINAceOUs. . 6... 66. ee. O. macrotis 169
166 ONYCHOMYS,
Fig. 82. ONYCHOMYS TORRIDUS.
No. 7or Field Columbian Mus, Coll. Twice nat, size.
UpPER TOOTH ROW. LOWER TOOTH ROW.
Enlarged ro times. Enlarged 10 times.
123. melanophrys (Onychomys), Merr., N. Am. Faun., No. 2, 1889,
p. 2, and No. 3, 1890, p. 61. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm.,
1901, Pp. 120.
BLACK-BROWED MoLE MOusE.
Type locality. Kanab, Kane County, Utah.
Geogr. Distr. State of Sonora, Mexico, north to Utah.
Genl. Char. Size of O. leucogaster; ear a little smaller; hind foot
densely furred to base of toes.
Color. Above rich tawny cinnamon, well mixed with black-
tipped hairs on the back, and brightest on the sides; a distinct black
ring around the eye, broadest above. ‘‘This ring is considerably
broader and more conspicuous than the very narrow ring of leuco-
gaster.”’
Measurements. Total length,,154; tail, 41; hind foot, 21; ear
from crown, 10. Skull: Hensel, 22.3;_ zygomatic breadth, 15.4;
interorbital constriction, 5.2; length of nasals, 10.7; length of upper
molar series, 4.8; length of mandible, 15.7. (Merr., 1. c.)
a.—pallescens (Onychomys), Merr., N. Am. Faun., No. 3, 1890,
p. 61. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., rgor, p. rar.
Bos
ONYCHOMYS. 167
PaLE More Mouse.
Type locality. Moki Pueblos, Apache County, Arizona.
Geogr. Distr. State of Chihuahua, Mexico, into Arizona.
Genl. Char. Size large, exceeded only by O. longipes of Concho
County, Texas; ears, feet, and tail much as in O. melanophrys; fur
full, long, and soft; orbital ring absent or inconspicuous; lanuginous
tuft at base of ear well developed.
Color. Above pale tawny cinnamon, palest anteriorly, and
brightest on the flanks and rump, not noticeably mixed with black-
tipped hairs; below pure white to the roots of hairs.
Measurements. Total length, 168; head and body, 125; tail, 45;
hind foot, 22; ear from crown, 12; from anterior root, 16.5. (Merr.,
l.c.) Skull: occipito-nasal length, 20; Hensel, 23; zygomatic width,
15; interorbital constriction, 5; length of nasals, 11; palatal length,
11; length of upper molar series, 4.
124. ramona (Onychomys), Rhoads, Am. Nat., xxvil, 1893, p. 833.
Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 121.
Ramona Mote Mouse.
Type locality. San Bernardino Valley, California.
Geogr. Distr. Lower California, Mexico, and southern California.
Genl. Char. Larger than O. torridus, with larger ears.
Color. Similar to O. longicaudus; above grayish vinaceous buff,
dorsal part darker; beneath white; tail bicolor, dark above, lighter
below.
Measurements. Total length, 147; tail vertebre, 48; hind foot, 18;
ear, 12. Skull: Hensel, 19; zygomatic breadth, 32.6; parietal breadth,
11.5; interorbital constriction, 5; length of nasals, 10; from foramen
magnum to incisive foramina, 13.4; length of upper molar series,
alveolar border, 3.8; length of mandible, 15; height of coronoid
process, 6.8.
Fic. XXXVI. ONYCHOMYS TORRIDUS. TROPICAL MOLE MOUSE.
125. torridus (Onychomys), Coues, Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil.,
1874, p. 183. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 122.
168 ONYCHOMYS.
TropicAL MoLe Mouse.
Type locality, Camp Grant, Graham County, Arizona.
Geogr. Distr. States of Chihuahua and Sonora, Mexico, north to
Upper Missouri.
Genl. Char, Similar to O. leucogaster; tail longer; ears larger;
colors more yellowish.
Color. General color more yellowish than O. leucogaster; no
dorsal stripe; feet and under parts tawny white; tail above dusky,
beneath white.
Measurements. Total length, 70 tail vertebra, 51; hind foot, 20;
ear, 19. Skull: Hensel, 18.5; zygomatic width, 12.5; interorbital
constriction, 4.2; length of nasals, 9.6; length of upper molar series,
3:5:
a.—arenicola (Onychomys), Mearns, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., x1x,
1896, p. 139. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1go1, p. 122.
SAND-LOVING MoLe Mouse.
Type locality. Rio Grande near El Paso, El Paso County, Texas.
Geogr. Distr. State of Chihuahua, Mexico, into Texas.
Genl. Char. Similar to O. torridus, but slightly smaller, with
relatively smaller ears and a very much paler coloration.
Color. Above drab gray, inclining to fawn color on sides; dorsal
area with very little admixture of black-edged or black-tipped hairs;
a conspicuous tuft of white hairs at anterior base of ears; dark
spot on anterior band of ear, drab (not black); whiskers more white
than black; under parts, feet, and end of tail white; basal two-
thirds of upper side of tail drab, some of the hairs with hoary tips.
Measurements. Total length, 137; tail vertebrae, 53 (to end of
pencil, 57); hind foot, 21. Skull: 25.513.5. (Mearns, 1. c.)
b.—perpallidus (Onychomys), Mearns, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xrx,
1896, p. 140. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 122.
Dras Gray Move Mouse.
Type locality. Colorado River at Monument No. 204, Mexican
boundary line, Yuma County, Arizona.
Geogr. Distr. Lower California and State of Sonora, Mexico, to
Gila City across Yuma and Colorado Deserts to Coast Range of
Mountains,
Genl. Char. Larger than QO. torridus, with relatively larger ears,
longer tail, and a much paler coloration.
Color. Above drab gray, becoming more cinereous anteriorly;
sides and rump barely tinged with fawn color; dusky line on basal
three-fourths of tail nearly obsolete, much obscured by whitish hairs;
ears less densely clothed than in the other forms of O. torridus, and
ONYCHOMYS., PEROMYSCUS, 169
without a well-defined dusky spot; whiskers mostly white or colorless ;
under parts, feet, and end of tail white.
Measurements. Total length, 157; tail vertebra, 57; ear from
crown, 16; hind foot, 22. Skull, 2613.7. (Mearns, l. c.)
126. macrotis (Onychomys), Elhot, Pub. Field Columb. Mus., 111,
1903, p. 155. Zodlogy.
LARGE-EARED MoLe Mouse.
Type locality. Head of San Antonio River, Lower California,
Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. San Quentin to San Antonio River, Trinidad Val-
ley and plain of El Alamo, to about 5,000 feet elevation in the San
Pedro Martir Mountains, Lower California, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Size medium, color pale; ears and hind feet long;
tail rather long, without white tip; no black spot on ear.
Color. Above ashy vinaceous finely lined on dorsal surface and
top of head with blackish brown, causing these parts to be darker
than the rest of upper surface; sides of body ashy vinaceous; orbital
ring black; lips, cheeks, under parts, hands, and feet pure white;
tail dusky above, white beneath; ears pale grayish brown, outer
edge blackish; tuft of white hairs at base of ears.
Measurements. Total length, 155; tail vertebra, 55; hind foot,
21; ear, 20.5; Skull: occipito-nasal length, 26; Hensel, 20; zygo-
matic breadth, 13.5; interorbital constriction, 4.5; length of nasals,
7.8; palatal arch to alveoli of incisors, 10; greatest width of brain-
case, II.
The next genus, Peromyscus, contains numerous species, and is
well represented in North America, and for its most characteristic
member may be selected the White-footed or Deer Mouse, with its
various races. This little animal with white feet, large ears, subdued
coloring, bright eyes like shining black beads, and velvet fur is most
attractive. It has small cheek pouches into which it stores the
seeds and grain while on its foraging expeditions for providing a food
supply against the approaching winter; and it is not particular as to
its choice of abode, often taking up its residence in man’s habitation
if situated sufficiently convenient to its beloved fields and woods.
Among the large number of species comprising this genus, there are,
as may be supposed, those of all sizes and varieties of coloration.
The most striking perhaps among them all is the Golden Mouse,
P. nuttalli, of the Central and Southern United States, with its golden
170 PEROMYSCUS.
cinnamon coat bordered with white beneath. The majority, how-
ever, are modestly dressed in the hue for which their familiar family
name has provided an appellation—mouse color, varied with shades
of black, russet, and numerous tints of yellows and browns, with
white harmoniously applied and blended. Usually the under parts
are white, as are the hands and feet also; but again these latter are
often plumbeous in different shades. They are the gleaners of our
fields and woods, often graceful of shape and always agile of foot, the
“small deer”’ of our land.
No careful revision of Peromyscus has as yet been made, and
until that is done, the status of many of the forms now deemed
distinct and the arrangement of the species cannot be satisfactorily
determined.
42. Peromyscus. Field Mice, Deer Mice.
jee
reen> a TOL
.—
Pe ae
ae
Sno
Peromyscus Gloger, Handb. und Hilfsb. Naturg., 1841, p.95. Type
Peromyscus arboreus Gloger=Mus_ sylvaticus noveboracensis
Fischer.
Calomys Aud., Quad. N. Amer., 11, 1851, p. 303. (nec Waterh.,
Prades 3G 0839 5 ps AE.)
Vespertmus Coues, Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil., 1874, p. 178.
Batomys True, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1894, xvi, p. 758.
Trinodontomys Rhoads, Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil., 1894, p. 257.
Haplomylomys Osgood, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XVII, 1904, p. 53.
Size moderate, eyes rather prominent; face rather long, nose
pointed; ears thin, rather rounded, in some species very large. Feet
small, digits slender, palms naked; hind feet long, soles with six
tubercles; tail terete, tapering, slender, hairy, sometimes longer than
head and body, and occasionally tufted; pelage soft, frequently glossy.
Skull thin, papery; braincase broad, rather flat, superior outline
curving both ways from highest point just behind orbits; zygomata
slender, threadlike, dipping midway to level of the palate, zygomatic
arch composed mainly of processes of the maxillary and squamosal.
Orbital foramina just above the level of the alveolus; interorbital
constriction considerable, but wider than rostrum; nasals and inter-
maxilla project beyond the incisors; auditory bulle small, thin, and
obliquely situated; lower jaw straight; coronoid very short; molar
series short, narrow, the teeth decreasing in size from front to rear;
upper molars with three roots each, the lower with two, and the un-
worn teeth have a double series of conical tubercles, which gradually
are reduced by abrasion, and the pattern varies constantly.
BP see
PEROMYSCUS. 17 1
Fig. 33. PEROMYSCUS FURVUS.
No, 10768 Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. Coll. Twice nat. size.
UPPER TOOTH ROW. LOWER TOOTH ROW.
Enlarged to times. Enlarged to times.
KEY TO THE SPECIES AND: SUBSPECIES.
A. Size small, not over 190 mm.
a. Tail equal to or less than half the length of
the body and head.
a.’ Above drab gray.
a.’’ Under parts white, ears large....... P. tiburonensis 175
b.” Under parts buffy, ears small.
Be SMT i Gyo tk clee er P. musculus 1758
a
PEROMYSCUS.
bi! Darpers as aches 94 cts ati on Se alles
b.’ Above dark gray buff and black......... P.m. brunneus
c.’ Above Vandyke brown and blackish... .P. m. nigrescens
d.’ Above pale grayish fulvous, ears large...... P. thurbert
&/ Above Protut'sbrowncet eee P.t. mesomelas
f.’ Above Prout’s brown and burnt umber... P. t. castaneus
g.’ Above dark grayish fulvous, auricular
Wilke Spots 33/2 fie. ngren ss hs tea we tori P. labecula
h.’ Above dark grayish fulvous, no auricular
Wie SPO. tc tanmatae oe kh Mien e chee reer P. cectlu
i.’ Above yellowish brown and dusky......... P. melanotis
1: (ADOVe- Cinnamon TOROS. Ch Ss. ek Soe P. m. zamelas
.’ Above yellowish brown and dusky......... P. spicilegus
1.’ Above tawny.
gee 8) Lip oy Caco) Lo) gaan aoe 2 PP eye P. s. evides
1/4 Raid UNI COO o sca hee nee P. s. simulus
m.’ Above fulvous brown and black.
asf Sides OChPAateousn ct: o wc wuokis iy oe eee P. afjinis
Det “OIGes Uta beerayes crac. wc tat c cea P. a. musculotdes
c.”’ Sides grayish and fulvous brown....... P. cozumele
do? sides pale Tul vous. seescry cece oe P. geronimensis
6 1s, brownish ful vous. |<. 45 ose Ws ete P. dubius
n.’ Above dark cinnamon and brownish gray P./. sonortensis
0.” JADOVe ViINACeOUS DUE 5. oe nia cn eee P. 1, blandus
Die DOVE TUSSEGN eat Gin< toh nen cues Spee antes P. Ll. julvus
qe "Above dark Tufous. 2... csets a ond oa eee P. exiguus
tr.’ Above brownish mouse gray.
a.” Sides yellowish. Svay i. s...s0. eee esse P. mexicanus
be Sides Ghestaritt Ji... ien «etn eer tee P.m., teapensts
so Abovemiumimiy browilx aces ayes eee P. allophilus
. Tail longer than half the length of the body
and head.
a.’ Above gray brown suffused with pinkish
DONATE ga ce Sot ac ok ee P. paulus
b.’ Above fulvous brown and black ............ P. cherrit
c.’ Above rusty ted ant TuGus ca... 6... ee P. aztecus
d.’ Above brownish fulvous and black, head
atid: shouldetsignays 7 (temo te cow eet eee P. beate
e.’ Above yellowish wood brown and black. .P. fraterculus
f.’. Above blackish brown tinged with grayish
PUL VOUS 5550 Sie, ees Oe ae P. propinquus
g.’ Above ash gray and blaekccse. sc se ee P. anthonyt
h.’ Above ochracéous Dutt... te ees P. goldmani
PEROMYSCUS, 173
PAGE
1, Above cinereous pale brown............... P, texensis 186
j.. Above dark plumbeous slate............. P,t. arizone 186
i DOVE Cark TAWH DOWN. 156-0 c eke ev P.t. flaccidus 187
1.’ Above drab tinged with burnt umber..... P.t.clementis 187
i AONE CULL WEY ode se ten eens nth yak vty COONEN. 18%
n.’ Above pale cinereous drab............ P. t. deserticola 188
B. Size medium, not under 190 mm. nor over
230 mm.
a. Tail longer than head and body.
a, Above lipht broccoli brown...... 0:60.00 as P. tornillo 188
De Ove DIshie LOW . ua hia au Pua ues P. gymnotis 188
Or ON OOLIV EG WMD, occur e crcleina sr ace i weds P.r. pinalis 189
d.’ Above pale yellowish brown and black.
Rees. all 1 yu ane hes Ree a P. martirensis 189
b.”” Sides fulvous.
a." Supraorbital bead well developed.
Be NSM STM ashiteresy ulsus bose sie ahh P. banderanus 189
Bb. samibiessooty bide... i) oyu 6: P.b. vicinior 190
b.’’’ Supraorbital bead obsolete........ P.b. angelensts 190
ADOVegrayisn Cheam DUM... 6 kia i.e its P. stephensi 190
f.’ Above pale yellowish gray and black....... P.eremicus 191
g.’ Above dark yellowish gray and black....P.e. pheurus 191
h.’ Above pale ochraceous drab and black...P.e. arenarius 1091
i.’ Above pale ochraceous buff and black...P.a. pectoralis 192
j.' Above pinkish buff and dusky........ P. a. eremicoides 192
k.’ Above mixed black and orange buff; tail
EEN MUM ARMM a. avai got Kuta ses yn 0 P.metallicola 192
1.’ Above dark brown tinged with pale fulvous.
Ge eMGe OCULACCOUB. a uisi wu ves oe ies P. cedrosensis 185
Pe SeIes DIM CIITAMIOM svc ikis'n sss co ae P. difficitlis 193
Grr Sies TAWHY OCUTACEOUS . 5. wii nee eo wes P, bullatus 193
aU Sides eramien prowmand DUT. i. o.aats P, sagax 104
m.’ Above fulvous and black, lateral line ful-
fC OM oS DS le Ra a se a P. yucatanicus 194
n.’ Above darker, lateral line cinnamon ru-
UOMO TRUER ne Cro eS a ee ee eee P.y.badius 194
0.’ Above ash gray and black tinged with
i EMail Pa a ane Wa P. cineritius 195
Dae Ove SreVisit DIOWD nec ss ales earned wes P.levipes 1095
q.’ Above mixed glossy brown and pale yel-
HN Cot lib uf 6 tl eee a Rn ee a P, boylii 195
r.’ Above drab gray tinged with ochraceous
VT. . 2 On ey ee rae P.b. penicillatus 196
174 PEROMYSCUS.
PAGE
s.! Above grayish broccol Drowini< ic a) «ose P. polius 196
t!” Above pale buy fulvous...1. Gea sane eee P. gratus 196
u.’ Above ochraceous buff and dusky........ P. g. gentilis 197
v.’ Above mixed buffy and brownish black...... P. pavidus 197
w.’ Above mixed ochraceous........... 5.04: P.madrensis 197
x.’ Above sandy rufous lined with black........... P.eva_ 198
y.’ Above dark brown tinged with rufous...... P. nudipes 198
z.’ Above pale yellowish gray and black...... P.merriamt 198
za./Above cream buff and black............. P. hemionotis 199
zb.’Above ochraceous buff and black.
a,” ‘Tail above wood brow s)-.5,.5 4. sae ee P. gaurus 199
by Talk -above:Dlaekyn.cq.0 tn ancnenee P. homochrota 200
2c. Above pinkish bull amd DIACK 16 2k \ateckies P. oresterus 200
C. Size large, not under 230 mm. in total length; ears large.
a. Tail more than half the length of head and body.
a.’ Above cinereous gray lined with black...... P. leucurus 200
b.’ Above pale brown tinged with buff........ P. 1, gadovt 201
c.’ Above gray tinged with fulvous........ P.melanophrys 201
d.’ Above darker, tawny band on breast....P.m. zamore 202
e.’ Above tawny ochraceous and black...P.m.consobrinus 202
f.’ Above grayish fawn and black............. P.xenurus 202
g.’ Above grayish brown, face tawny........... P. zelotes 203
h.’ Above light brownish gray and black....... P. insignis 203
i.’ Above dark gray brown and black.
a.’ Sides yellowish brown. ............ P. californicus 203
b.’’ Sides buify ochraceous. =). . fs. l 6 itckhw P.hylocetes 204
ce.’ Sides brownish fulvous.
ay’ otal den ot hy 28 mts ssn corer P. lepturus 204
b.’”? Smaller and paler i.:.12 us oe eae P. lophurus 204
c./" Miniatuteiot P. lophurns \.2 5 coc. aa P. simulatus 205
d.7’ Sides erayish browit.).0< Goes ue eee P. felipensis 205
jv Above woitorm, clayicolon.e. 44.55. os ee P.amplus 205
k.’ Above fulvous and black.
a.’’ Cheeks and sides buffy fulvous..... P. tehuantepecus 206
b.” Cheeks and sides pale rufous.......... P. oaxacensts 206
c.’’ Cheeks and sides golden fulvous......... P.comptus 206
l.’ Above dusky: sealbrowiycicse nee so eves P.m. orizabe 207
m.’ Above grayish fulvous and black ........ P.m. saxatilis 207
n.’ Above dusky brown, almost black....P. m. totontepecus 208
o.’ Above grayish brown and black.
a.’’ Sides pale fulvous, upper lip gray........ P. auritus 209
b.” Sides reddish fulvous, upper lip black...... P.furvus 208
p.’ Above dusky: i052. oS. case Pie P. sarhynchus 209
PEROMYSCUS. 175
PAGE
Gi ADOVe THIVOUS. DIOWM oo. ie P. 2. cristobalensis 209
r.’ Rostrum elongated, bullz small.
a.’ Above fulvous chestnut and black...... P. megalops 210
b.” Smaller and darker.
rclebeeida A Chon) 0) (oh 3) ae P. melanocarpus 210
bb. Paslowith white lime beneath... .. 4 +t P. altilaneus 210
Gy A OVS DIS CKISICOTAY vei. leva aie P. guatemalensis 211
Gee NDOME GOORY OOM ost st) xh raise oe P.cacabatus 211
b. Tail nearly two-thirds the length of head and
DDG ae WacRBMUEIME Sn aastness = onal vars, said sala s hee P. mectsturus 212
127. tiburonensis (Peromyscus), Mearns, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus.,
T3807, Pp. 7.20.
IsLAND OF TIBURON MOUSE.
Type locality. Tiburon Island, Gulf of California, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Known only from type locality.
Genl. Char. Size very small; ears nearly naked.
Color. Upper parts drab gray and black; sides ochraceous cin-
namon; under parts white; tail blackish brown; hands and feet
white; ears dark brown.
Measurements. Total length, 175; tail vertebrze, 85; hind foot,
19; ear, 16. Skull: total length, 24; greatest width, 12. (Mearns,
Ste)
*127a. allex (Peromyscus), Osgood, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xvi,
L9O4, pw 70;
Dwarr Mouse.
Type locality. Colima, State of Colima, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Like P. musculus, but smaller; nasals short; bulle
very small.
Color. Exactly like P. musculus.
Measurements. Total length, 113; tail vertebre, 47; hind foot,
14; ear from notch, 9.7. Skull: greatest length, 18.4; Hensel, 14.6;
zygomatic width, 9.6; interorbital constriction, 3.2; length of nasals,
6.3; interparietal, 5.5 x 1.3; palate, 3; length of upper molar series, 3.
128. musculus (Sitomys), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., virr, 1892,
1D, 170%
Cotima City Mouse.
Type locality. Near Colima City, State of Colima, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. States of Colima and Jalisco, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Similar to P. taylori, but lighter and larger.
*Descriptions of numerous forms of Peromyscus by Mr. Osgood (I. c.) were
published too late to be included here in their regular numerical order.
176 PEROMYSCUS.
Color. Above drab gray and black, tinged with tawny; under
parts buffy; tail above like back, beneath paler.
Measurements. Total length, 123; tail vertebre, 48; hind foot,
17; ear, 5.5 (dried skin).
a.—brunneus (Peromyscus), Allen & Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus.
Nat. Hist., 1897, p: 209.
JALAPA Brown Mouse.
Type locality. Jalapa, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. State of Vera Cruz, Mexico; range unknown.
Genl. Char. Smaller than P. musculus, and darker.
Color. Upper parts drab gray thickly flecked with buff, tinged
with rufous, and varied with black; sides similar but paler; under
parts yellowish; ears dark brown; tail above dark brown, beneath
paler; hands and feet whitish.
Measurements. Total length, 121; tail vertebre, 48; hind foot,
I5; ear, 13. Skull: total length, 15; basal length, 12.5; zygomatic
breadth, 11; interorbital constriction, 4; length of nasals, 7.5; palatal
length, 7; length of upper tooth row, 3.2. (ex Type.)
b.—nisrescens (Peromyscus), Osgood, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xvi,
1904, p. 76.
Sooty Mouse.
Type locality. Valley of Comitan, State of Chiapas, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Similar to P. musculus, but darker.
Color. Upper parts mixed Vandyke brown and sooty blackish;
under parts cream buff; tail dusky above, paler beneath.
Measurements. Total length, 113-120; tail vertebrae, 40-45; hind
foot, 14.5-16. Skull: greatest length, 20.1; Hensel, 15.2; zygomatic
width, 10.5; interorbital constriction, 3.4; length of nasals, 8; inter-
parietal, 6.4; palate, 2.8; length of upper molar series, 3.2.
129. paulus (Peromyscus), Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1903, p. 598.
Tiny Mouvuse.
Type locality. Rio Sestin, State of Durango, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Smaller than P. musculus, color lighter and grayer.
Color. Upper parts gray brown suffused with pinkish buff;
under parts grayish white, base of hairs plumbeous, tips whitish;
belly sometimes tinged with buff.
Measurements. Total length, 108; head and body, 62; tail verte-
bre, 44; hind foot, 14; ear from notch, 13; from crown, It.
130. thurberi.
americanus thurberi (Sitomys), Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.,
1893, p. 185.
PEROMYSCUS. 177
texanus ! medius Mearns, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1895, p. 446.
texensis medius Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 130.
THURBER’S FIELD MOUSE.
Type locality. San Pedro Martir Mountains, Lower California,
Mexico. Altitude, 7,000 feet.
Geogr. Distr. Region of San Pedro Martir Mountains, Lower
California, Mexico, north into southern California to Colorado desert
at least.
Genl. Char. General color pale grayish fulvous lined with black.
Color. Upper parts grayish fulvous, darkest on dorsal line where
it is blackish; sides fulvous; lower sides and under parts and feet
white; ears dusky, at base a tuft colored like head; tail blackish
above, white below.
Measurements. Total length, 177; tail vertebre, 78; hind foot,
21; ear, 18. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 25.1; Hensel, 99.2; zygo-
matic width, 13; interorbital constriction, 4; length of nasals, 9.2;
width of braincase above roots of zygomata, 11.5; palatal length, 10;
length of upper molar series, 4; length of lower molar series, 4.
a.—mesomelas (Peromyscus), Osgood, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xvu,
1904, Pp. 57-
Type locality. Orizaba, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Similar to P. thurberit, darker; tail shorter; hind
foot larger; pectoral spot present.
Color. Upper parts Prout’s brown; under parts creamy white;
pectoral spot fawn; hands and feet white; ankles dusky brownish;
tail bicolor; ears dusky, edges whitish.
Measurements. Total length, 169; tail vertebre, 76; hind foot,
23. Skull: greatest length, 26.5; Hensel, 20.2; zygomatic width,
13.6; interorbital constriction, 4; interparietal, 8.6 x 2.3; length of
nasals, 10.4; palatal length, 3.8; palatal foramina, 5.2 x 2; postpalatal
length, 9.1; length of upper molar series, 3.7.
b.—castaneus (Peromyscus), Osgood, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xv1t,
1904, p: 1538;
YOHALTUN Mouse.
Type locality. Yohaltun, State of Campeche, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Similar to P. mesomelas, but smaller; no pectoral
spot.
Color. Upper parts between Prout’s brown and burnt umber;
under parts white; no lateral line; hands and feet white; ankles dusky.
Measurements. ‘Total length, average of ten adults, 163 (156-
169); tail vertebre¥ 73 (68-79); hind foot, 21.5 (20-22). Skull of
type: greatest length, 25.3; Hensel, 19; zygomatic breadth, 13; inter-
178 PEROMYSCUS,
orbital constriction, 4; interparietal, 8 xX 2.3; length of nasals, 9.3;
palatal length, 4; palatine slits, 4.2 X 19; diastema, 6.2; postpalatal
length, 9.5; upper molar series, 3.5.”
131. labecula (Peromyscus), Elliot, Pub. Field Columb. Mus., 11,
1902, p. 143. Zodlogy.
Wuire-spot Deer Mouse.
Type locality. Ocotlan, State of Jalisco, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Similar to P. thurberi in color, but cranial characters
very different; tail short; skull with braincase more nearly square-
shaped than that of P. thurbert, outer edge of frontals more curved;
interorbital constriction greater; nasals shorter and broader anteriorly ;
palatine foramina shorter and narrower; pterygoids shorter; maxil-
lary branch of zygoma broader and heavier; pelage soft, thick.
Color. Above dark grayish fulvous; top of nose grayish buff;
conspicuous white spot at posterior base of ears; shoulders mixed
buff and black; lateral line from upper lip to thigh tawny ochraceous;
lips and under parts white; thighs like sides; arms, hands, and feet
white; tail hairy, above black, sides and beneath white.
Measurements. Total length, 144; tail, 57; hind foot, 18. (Skin.)
Skull: greatest length, 25; Hensel, 20; zygomatic width, 13; mastoid
width, 11; length of nasals, 10; greatest width of rostrum, 4; palatal
length, 4; length of upper tooth row, 4.
132. cecilii (Peromyscus), Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 7th Ser.,
XI, 1903, p. 486.
CreciL’s Mouse.
Type locality. Santa Barbara Camp, southern slope of Mt. Ori-
zaba, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico. Altitude, 12,500 feet.
Genl. Char. Size small; ears medium; tail heavily haired.
Color. Upper parts dark grayish fulvous, dorsal area heavily
lined with black; sides dull fulvous brown; under parts dull gray;
tail black above, white on sides and beneath; hands and feet dull
whitish, ankles dusky; ears black with white edges.
Measurements. Total length, 169; tail vertebra, 75; hind foot,
20; ear, 18. Skull: greatest length, 26.5; basilar length, 20; nasals,
11X3; interorbital constriction, 3.9; palatal length, 10.9; palatal
foramina, 5.82; length of upper molar series, 3.7.
133 melanotis (Peromyscus), Allen & Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus.
Nat. Hist., 1897, p. 203.
BLACK-EARED FIELD Mouse.
Type locality. Las Vigas, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. State of Vera Cruz, Mexico.
PEROMYSCUS. 170
Genl. Char. Similar to P. rufinus; colors paler, ears larger.
Color. Above yellowish brown, with a tinge of reddish, darkest
on dorsal line; sides brighter; under parts and feet white; tail black
above, rest white; ears black, edged with white.
Measurements. ‘Total length, 160-164; tail vertebra, 66-71; hind
foot, 20; ear, 20. Skull: total length, 27; basal length, 22; zygo-
matic breadth, 14; interorbital constriction, 4; length of nasals, 11.5;
palatal length, 11; length of upper tooth row, 4. (Type.)
a.—zamelas (Peromyscus), Osgood, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xvi,
1904, Pp. 59.
Jet Mouse.
Type locality. Colonia Garcia, State of Chihuahua, Mexico. Allti-
tude, 6,700 feet.
Genl. Char. Similar to P. melanotis, but more sooty; size small.
Color. Broad black stripe from top of head to base of tail; sides
dark cinnamon rufous suffused with sooty; orbital ring and base of
whiskers black; sides of face sooty; patch below eye and lateral
line rufous; under parts white, plumbeous under fur showing; tail
above black, beneath white; hands and feet white.
Measurements. Total length, 160; tail vertebra, 63; hind foot,
20. Skull: greatest length, 25.9; Hensel, 19.3; zygomatic width, 13;
interorbital constriction, 4; interparietal, 8x2.2; length of nasals,
t1; palatal length, 3.8; palatine foramina, 5.32.1; postpalatal length,
8.5; length of upper molar series, 3.3.
134. spicilegus (Peromyscus), Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.,
1897, p. 50.
JALISCO SMALL-EARED Mouse.
Type locality. Mineral San Sebastian, Mascota, State of Jalisco,
Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. State of Jalisco, Mexico; range unknown.
Genl. Char. Similar to P. floridanus; ears smaller, tail longer.
Color. Above yellowish brown and dusky, darkest on dorsal line;
sides yellowish; lateral line ochraceous; under parts white; outer
surface of arms to wrist fulvous; tarsus dusky, hands and feet white;
ears dusky; tail above brown, beneath white.
Measurements. Total length, 188; tail vertebra, g2; hind foot,
20. Skull: total length, 28; basal length, 22; interorbital constric-
tion, 5; length of nasals, ro. (ex Type.)
a.—evides (Peromyscus), Osgood, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xvit.,
1904, p. 64.
Juouira Mouse.
Type locality. Juquila, State of Oaxaca, Mexico.
180 PEROMYSCUS,
Genl. Char, Similar to P. spicilegus; dusky area on hind foot
from ankle to base of toes. Skull heavier; teeth larger.
Color, Upper parts tawny mixed with dusky; orbital ring and
base of whiskers black; pectoral spot tawny; under parts creamy
white; tail above blackish, below white; forearm sooty to wrist;
hands white; ankle and proximal half of foot above sooty.
Measurements, Average of five adults: Total length, 211; tail
vertebrae, 106; hind foot, 25. Skull: greatest length, 29; Hensel,
22; zygomatic width, 14.4; interorbital constriction, 4.6; interparietal
).3X%3.2; length of nasals, 11.5; palate, 4.7; postpalatal length, 9.1;
length of upper molar series, 5.
b.—simulus (Peromyscus), Osgood, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xvi,
1904, Pp. O04.
Mimic Mouse.
Type locality. San Blas, Territorio de Tepic, Mexico.
Genl, Char, Similar to P. spicilegus. Skull smaller; nasals shorter.
Color. Upper parts cinnamon rufous; dorsal area darker; under
parts white; pectoral spot rufous; tail bicolor; hands and feet white;
ankles dusky.
Measurements. Average of three adults: Total length, 208; tail
vertebrae, 111; hind foot, 23. Skull: greatest length, 26.3; Hensel,
20.3; zygomatic width, 14; interorbital constriction, 4.1; length of
nasals, 9.4; palate, 3.6; postpalatal length, 9.4; length of upper
molar series, 3.8.
135. affinis (Hesperomys), Allen, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 1891, p. 195.
AuLiep Fietp Mouse.
Type locality. Barrio, State of Oaxaca, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Southeastern Mexico.
Genl, Char. Similar to P. melanophrys, but darker.
Color, Above mixed fulvous brown and black, dorsal area dark-
est; flanks fulvous; under parts white tinged with yellow; ears
brownish with white edges; hands and feet white; tail above brown,
beneath paler.
Measurements, Total length, 157-171; tail vertebrae, 76-83;
hind foot, 19.8; ear, 4.5. Skull: total length, 26.4; basal length, 25.9;
length of nasals, 11.4; length of mandible, 16; height at angle, 6.4.
(ex Type.)
a.—museuloides (Peromyscus), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XI,
1898, p. 124.
Auttiep House Mouse.
Type locality. Cuicatlan, State of Oaxaca, Mexico.
PEROMYSCUS. 181
Geogr. Distr. State of Oaxaca, Mexico; range unknown,
Genl. Char. Size small; similar to Mus musculus.
Color. Above drab gray, sides brownish; sides of nose, lips, under
parts, hands, and feet white; tail brownish above, white beneath.
Measurements. Total length, 187; tail vertebra, 88; hind foot, 2.5.
136. cozumelz (Peromyscus), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xiv,
foc? D. 103:
ISLAND OF CozUMEL MOUSE.
Type locality. Island of Cozumel, Yucatan, Mexico,
Genl. Char. Size medium; ears large; similar to P. afjinis.
Color. Above from grayish to fulvous brown; beneath white;
tail brownish dusky above, whitish beneath; wrists and ankles dusky ;
hands and feet whitish.
Measurements. Total length, 180; tail vertebra, 80; hind foot, 23.
137. geronimensis (Peromyscus), Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.,
T8098, p. 150.
SAN GERONIMO IsLAND FIELD Mouse.
Type locality. San Geronimo Island, Lower California, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Lower California, Mexico; Island form.
Genl. Char. Similar to P. texensis; size larger.
Color. Above fulvous brown and black, darker dorsal band per-
ceptible; sides pale fulvous; under parts white; tail above dusky,
sides beneath whitish.
Measurements. Total length, 175; tail vertebra, 83; hind foot,
20. Skull: total length, 25; basal length, 21; mastoid breadth, 11,
interorbital constriction, 3.8; length of nasals, 8. (ex Type.)
138. dubius (Peromyscus), Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1898,
pi 157.
Topos Santos Istanp Mouse.
Type locality. Todos Santos Island, Lower California, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Lower California, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Size rather large; color dark.
Color. Above grayish fulvous brown, and black; sides fulvous;
lateral line brownish fulvous; under parts white; hands and feet
whitish; tail, basal third blackish brown, sides and beneath whitish.
Measurements. Total length, 175; tail vertebra, 82; hind foot,
18. Skull: total length, 26; basal length, 21.5; zygomatic breadth,
12; mastoid breadth, 11; interorbital constriction, 3.5; length of
nasals, 9.5. (ex Type.)
lewcopus sonoriensis (Hesperomys), Le Conte, Proc. Acad. Nat.
polen. Fnil,, 1853, p. 413.
182 PEROMYSCUS.
americanus sonoriensis (Peromyscus), Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm.,
LOOT, ples:
SoNnoRA WHITE-FOOTED FIELD Mouse.
Type locality. Santa Cruz, State of Sonora, Mexico, boundary
line Mexico and United States.
Fig. XXXVII. PEROMYSCUS L. SONORIENSIS.
SONORA WHITE-FOOTED FIELD MOUSE.
Geogr. Distr. From Zapotlan, Sierra Nevada de Colima, State of
Jalisco, north to British Columbia west of Rocky Mountains.
Genl. Char. Medium size; tail short; color pale.
Color. Above dark cinereous, mixed with brownish gray; under
parts whitish; feet brownish white; tail above dark brown, beneath
paler.
Measurements. Total length, 166; tail vertebre, 69; hind foot,
21.5; ear, 20. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 24; Hensel, 18; zygo-
matic width, 11.5; interorbital constriction, 4; palatal length, 10;
length of nasals, 10; length of upper tooth row, 3.
leweopus blandus.
sonortensis blandus (Peromyscus), Osgood, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash..,
XVII, 1904, p. 56.
GENTLE MOUSE.
Type locality. Escalon, State of Chihuahua, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Similar to P. l. sonoriensis, but smaller; tail shorter.
Color. Upper parts vinaceous buff sprinkled with dusky; lateral
line vinaceous buff; under parts creamy white; hands and feet white;
ankles with traces of dusky or buffy; ears whitish.
Measurements. Total length, 145; tail vertebre, 61; hind foot,
21. Skull: greatest length, 25.4; Hensel, 19.7; zygomatic width,
12.5; interorbital constriction, 4; interparietal, 8x1.9; length of nasals,
PEROMYSCUS. 183
9.8X2.5; palatal length, 3.5; palatine foramina, 5.72; postpalatal
length, 9.1; length of upper molar series, 3.8.
leucopus fulvus.
sonoriensts fulvus (Peromyscus), Osgood, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash.,
RVI, IQA, p. 57.
Futvous Mouse.
Type locality. Oaxaca City, State of Oaxaca, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Similar to P. 1. sonoriensis, but darker. ‘‘ Skull with
anterior part of zygoma heavier, more deeply notched by infraorbital
foramen.”’
Color. Upper parts russet; middle of back mars and Prout’s
brown; under parts creamy white; ear tufts buffy or pale cream
color; hands, arms, and feet white; outer side of ankles brownish;
tail above brown, beneath white.
Measurements. Total length, 167; tail vertebrae, 68; hind foot,
22. Skull: greatest length, 25; Hensel, 19.5; zygomatic width, 12.8;
interorbital constriction, 4; interparietal, 82.1; length of nasals, 10;
length of palate, 3.7; palatal foramina, 5.62; postpalatal length, 8.7;
length of upper molar series, 3.8.
139. exiguus (Peromyscus), Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1898,
Pp. 157.
SAN Martin Istanp Mouse.
Type locality. San Martin Island, Lower California, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Lower California, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Similar to P. t. clementts, smaller, tail shorter.
Color. Head and back dark rufous brown, darkest on upper
back, but no dorsal stripe; flanks pale rufous; upper lip, chin, and
under parts pure white; orbital ring black; ears like back; tail above
dark brown, beneath white; feet white.
Measurements. Total length, 158; tail vertebre, 69; hind foot,
20. Skull: total length, 26.5; basal length, 22; mastoid breadth,
I1.5; interorbital constriction, 3.5; length of nasals,10. (ex Type.)
140. cherrii (Hesperomys), Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1891,
Dp. 202.
CHERRIE’s Costa Rican Mouse.
Type locality. La Carpintera, Costa Rica.
Geogr. Distr. Costa Rica.
Genl. Char. Similar to P. nuttalli, but whiter beneath; ears
larger, tail much longer.
Color. Above @ark cinnamon rufous, lined with black on the
head and dorsal region; flanks rusty cinnamon; upper lip on a line
184 PEROMYSCUS.
from nose, under parts of arms, legs, and body pure white; orbital
ring and line between eyes and nose black; limbs dusky brown; tail
dusky brown, naked; hands and feet dusky brown; fingers and toes
whitish; ears naked, dusky.
Measurements. Total length, 182.4—-187.10; tail, ro8—114.3; hind
foot, 18.3; ear, 12.7. Skull: basal length, 20.3; total length, 24.6;
interorbital constriction, 4.3; length of nasals, 9.4; length of upper
molar series, 4.6; length of mandible, 13.5.
141. aztecus (Hesperomys), Sauss., Rev. Zodl., 2me Sér., 1860, p. 105.
Aztec MOUuSsE.
Type locality. ‘*‘Mexico.”’
Geogr. Distr. Cape St. Lucas, Lower California, Sierra de Juan-
acutlan, State of Jalisco, Mexico. Range unknown.
Genl. Char. Coloring rich and dark, tail long.
Color. Upper parts and sides rusty red or rusty orange, extending
over the arms to the wrists and on the hind leg onto the metatarsus;
dorsal area brownish black; top of head not so dark as back; sides of
lips, under parts, hands, and feet white; tail above blackish, beneath
paler.
Measurements. Total length, 190; tail vertebre, 107; hind
00%, Br.
142. beatz (Peromyscus), Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 7th Ser.,
XY, 1903, peasy.
XOMETLA Mouse.
Type locality. Xometla Camp, Mt. Orizaba, State of Vera Cruz,
Mexico. Altitude 8,500 feet.
Genl. Char. Size small; ears large; tail longer than head and
body, well haired. Skull: supraorbital edges square; interparietal large.
Color. Upper parts brownish fulvous, grayer on head and fore-
quarters and lined with black on dorsal surface; sides dull fulvous;
under surface dull gray, with a buff pectoral spot; hands and feet dull
white, ankles dusky; tail blackish above, dull white below; ears
blackish with faint white edges.
Measurements. Total length, 215; tail, 118; hind foot, 21; ear, 20.
Skull: greatest length, 28.2; basilar length, 21.6; nasals, 11.5X3.3;
interorbital constriction, 4.2; interparietal, 3.99.4; palatal length,
11.5; palatal foramen, 6.8x 2.3; length of upper molar series, 4.5.
143. fraterculus (Vesperimus), Miller, Amer. Nat., 1892, p. 261.
fraterculus (Peromyscus), Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 136.
RELATED WHITE-FOOTED MOUSE.
Type locality. Dulzura, San Diego, California.
PEROMYSCUS. 185
Geogr. Distr. Southern and Lower California, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Medium; tail longer than head and body, thinly
haired; soles naked; ears large.
Color. Above yellowish wood brown mixed with black, darkest
on median line; flanks fulvous with distinct lateral stripe; feet white;
under parts yellowish white with fulvous pectoral spot; tail above
brownish, paler beneath.
Measurements. Total length, 185; tail vertebre, 113; hind foot,
20; ear, 18. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 25; Hensel, 18.5; zygo-
matic breadth, 12; interorbital constriction, 4; length of nasals, 9;
palatal length, 9; width of braincase, 11.5.
144. propinquus.
eremicus propinquus (Peromyscus), Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat.
Misty, 1808, p. 154.
ALLIED DESERT MOUSE.
Type locality. San Pablo Point, San Pablo Bay, Lower California,
Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Lower California, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Similar to P. fraterculus, but blacker.
Color. Above mixed blackish brown and grayish fulvous; lateral
line deep fulvous; under parts white; hands and feet white; tail
brownish above, paler beneath.
Measurements. Total length, 190; tail vertebre, 100; hind
foot, 18.5.
145. cedrosensis (Peromyscus), Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.,
1898, p. 154.
Cerros Istanp Mouse.
Type locality. Cerros or Cedros Island, Lower California, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Lower California, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Similar to P. fraterculus, but darker.
Color. Upper parts brown, tinged with fulvous and blackish;
lateral line broad, ochraceous; under parts white with pectoral ful-
vous line, sometimes reaching the abdomen; hands and feet white;
ears large, pale brown; tail pale brown above, lighter beneath.
Measurements. Total length, 194; tail vertebra, 107; hind foot,
20. Skull: total length, 26; basal length, 21; zygomatic width, 10;
mastoid width, 10.5; interorbital constriction, 3.5; length of nasals,
D.6. (ex Type.)
146. anthonyi (Hesperomys), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Iv, 1887, p. 5.
ANTHONY’s FieLtp Mouse.
Type locality. Camp Apache, Grant County, New Mexico.
186 PEROMYSCUS.
Geogr. Distr. States of Sonora and Chihuahua, Mexico, north
into New Mexico.
Genl. Char. Small; tail longer than head and body; ears large;
soles naked.
Color. Above ash gray, lined with black; sides buffy fulvous;
under parts white; tail above dark brown, beneath whitish.
Measurements. Total length, 144; tail vertebre, 80; hind foot,
18.5; ear, 12. Skull: basilar length, 20.3; Hensel, 18; zygomatic
width, 12.8; interorbital constriction, 3.9; length of nasals, 7.8;
length of upper molar series, 3.8; length of mandible, 12.9.
146a. goldmani (Peromyscus), Osgood, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XvII,
1904, Pp. 75:
GoLpMAN’s Mouse.
Type locality. Alamos, State of Sonora, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Similar to P. anthony; tail long, hairy; heel slightly
hairy.
Color. Upper parts and sides ochraceous buff mixed with black;
under parts creamy white; pectoral spot buff.
Measurements. Total length, 217; tail vertebre, 117; hind foot,
24. Skull: greatest length, 27.3; Hensel, 21.1; zygomatic width, 14.2;
interorbital constriction, 4; interparietal, 8.63.2; length of nasals,
9.6; palate, 4.2; postpalatal length, ro; length of upper molar series, 4.
147. texensis (Hesperomys), Woodh., Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil.,
L853, Pp. 244.
texensis (Peromyscus), Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., rgor, p. 130.
TEXAN FIELD MOUSE.
Type locality. Rio Grande near El Paso, El Paso County, Texas.
Geogr. Distr. Southern Texas, into State of Chihuahua, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Small; tail equal to head and body; ears small.
Color. Above cinereous mixed with pale brown; lower sides, feet
and under parts white; tail above brown, beneath white.
Measurements. Total length, 106.6; tail vertebra, 53.3; hind foot,
44; ear, 10. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 23; Hensel, 17.5; zygo-
matic width, 12; interorbital constriction, 3.5; length of nasals, 7.5;
palatal length, 9.5.
@.—arizone.
americanus artzone (Sitomys), Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.,
1894, D. $40.
americanus arizone (Peromyscus), Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm.,
IQOI, p. 125.
Ar1IzoNA Fretp Mouse.
Type locality. Fairbank, Cochise County, Arizona.
PEROMYSCUS. 187
Geogr. Distr. State of Chihuahua, north to White, Chiricahua
and Graham Mountains of Arizona.
Genl. Char. Similar to P. gambeli, but smaller; longer ears and
shorter tail.
Color. Above dark plumbeous slate; below whitish; tail bicolor.
Measurements. Total length, 158; tail vertebre, 67; hind foot,
24. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 24; Hensel, 10; zygomatic width,
12; interorbital constriction, 4; length of nasals, 10; palatal length,
10; length of upper molar series, 3.
b.—flaecidus (Peromyscus), Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1903,
P- 599.
FEEBLE MOUSE.
Type locality. Rio Sestin, State of Durango, Mexico. Altitude,
7,500 tect.
Genl. Char. Similar to P. t. arizone, but paler; tail longer; hind
foot shorter.
Color. Upper parts dark fawn brown, blackish on median area;
lateral line fulvous; head grayer than body; under parts pure white,
under fur plumbeous; fore legs white to shoulder; body color extend-
ing on hind leg to tarsal joint; tail above dark brown on upper third,
rest grayish white, beneath paler; ear gray brown margined nar-
rowly with white.
Measurements. Total length, 177; tail vertebrae, 79; hind foot,
20; ear from crown, 14; from notch, 18.
c.—clementis (Peromyscus), Mearns, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1896,
peadae, Hiliot, Syn: N. Am. Mamm., roor, -p: r3o.
SAN CLEMENTE IsLAND Mouse.
Type locahty. San Clemente Island, California.
Geogr. Distr. Coronodos Islands, Mexico, and San Clemente
Island, California.
Genl. Char. Much blacker than P. thurbert, and of a more red-
dish coloration, save on the head.
Color. Top of head drab gray; upper parts drab, tinged with
burnt umber; ears black; feet and under surface white; tail bicolor.
Measurements. Total length, 177; tail vertebre, 77; hind foot,
eu, ear, 17.
d.—coolid sii (Peromyscus), Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 7th
mer., 1, 1888; p. 45.
CooxipGe’s Firtp Mouse.
Type locality. Santa Anita, Cape Region, Lower California, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Cape Region, Lower California.
188 PEROMYSCUS.
Genl. Char. Like P. l. nebrascensis, tail slightly haired.
Color. Upper parts dull buffy, darker on dorsal line, lighter on
sides; tail brown above, white below. (O. Thomas in litt., ex Type.)
Measurements. Total length, 167; tail, 76; hind foot, 22; ear, 20.
Skull: basilar length, 19.5; greatest breadth, 13; length of nasals, 9.5;
length of upper molar series, 3.7.
deserticola.
leucopus deserticola (Hesperomys), Mearns, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat.
Hist., 11, r890, p. 285, Desc. p. 287.
americanus deserticola (Peromyscus), Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm.,
COOL, pr tas.
Desert WHITE-FOOTED MOUSE.
Type locality. Mojave Desert, San Bernardino County, California.
Geogr. Distr. Lower California and State of Sonora, Mexico, and
desert regions of California and Arizona.
Genl. Char. Ears medium; tail long; pelage short.
Color. Above pale cinereous drab, slightly darker on median
line, light fulvous on sides and rump; tail narrowly striped above
with dark brown.
Measurements. Total length, 168; tail, 78.7; hind foot, 20.8.
Skull: occipito-nasal length, 25.5; Hensel, 20; zygomatic width, 12.5;
interorbital constriction, 4; length of nasals, 5.5; palatal length, ro.
é.
148. tornillo (Peromyscus), Mearns, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1896, p.
445. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., rgoz, p. 126.
Rio GRANDE WHITE-FOOTED Mouse.
Type locality. Rio Grande, six miles above El Paso, El Paso
County, Texas.
Geogr. Distr. State of Chihuahua, north into Texas and New Mexico.
Genl. Char. Similar to P. t. arizone, but paler, ears smaller, body.
stouter. (Mearns, l. c.)
_ Color. Above light broccoli brown; feet and under parts pure
white; tail bicolor.
Measurements. Total length, 192; tail vertebra, go; hind foot,
23; ear, 12.
149. gymnotis (Peromyscus), Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 6th
ser., XIV, 1894, p. 365.
NAKED-EARED MOUSE.
Type locality. Guatemala.
Geogr. Distr. Guatemala, Central America.
Genl. Char. Size medium; ears long, naked; tail shorter than
head and body.
PEROMYSCUS. 189
Color. Upper parts bistre brown, beneath slaty buff; tail dark
brown above and beneath; hands and feet silvery white.
Measurements. Total length, 191; tail, 92; hind foot, 22; ear, 17.
Skull: greatest length, 30.5; basal length, 25; Hensel, 23.1; greatest
breadth, 15.4; length of nasals, 123.3; interorbital constriction,
4.6; palatal length, 12.4; length of upper molar series, 4.1; length of
mandible, condyle to tip of incisor, 18; height of coronoid process, 7.3.
rowleyi pinalis (Sttomys), Miller, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1893,
DP: 337:
rowleyt pinalits (Peromyscus), Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., rgor,
Pp. 135.
Row ey’s Pine Mouse.
Type locality. Granite Gap, Grant County, New Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. State of Sonora, Mexico, north to New Mexico and
Arizona.
Genl. Char. Smaller than P. rowleyi, more yellowish in color.
Color. Above olive buff, darker on dorsal region, and grayer on
head and face; hairs sepia-tipped; indistinct orbital ring; feet and
under parts pure white; tail brown above, white beneath.
Measurements. Total length, 196; tail, 104; hind foot, 23; ear,
20. (ex Type.) Skull: occipito-nasal length, 26; Hensel, 19; zygo-
matic width, 13; interorbital constriction, 5; palatal length, 10.5;
length of nasals, 9.5; length of upper molar series, 4.
150. martirensis (Sztomys), Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.,
Legs; Pp: 167.
SAN Pepro Martir Mountains Mouse.
Type locality. San Pedro Martir Mountains, Lower California,
Mexico. Altitude, 7,000 feet.
Geogr. Distr. San Pedro Martir and Hanson Laguna Mountains,
Lower California, Mexico. Altitude above 5,000 feet.
Genl, Char. Similar to P. tru; tail longer.
Color. Above pale yellowish brown, varied with blackish; sides
tawny; under parts white; sometimes a tawny pectoral spot; orbital
ring blackish; ears naked, dusky; hands and feet white; tail above
blackish, beneath grayish white.
Measurements. Total length, 195; tail vertebre, 102; hind foot,
22. Skull: total length, 28; basilar length, 23.4; Hensel, 21; zygo-
matic width, 13.7; interorbital constriction, 5; length of nasals, 10;
palatal length, 11; width of braincase, 13; length of upper molar
series, 4; length of mandible, 9.5; length of lower molar series, 4.
151. banderanus’ (Peromyscus), Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.,
1897, p. 51.
190 PEROMYSCUS.
BANDERAS FieLp Mouse.
Type locality. Terro Tepic, Valle de Banderas, State of Jalisco,
Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. State of Jalisco, Mexico; range unknown.
Genl. Char. Above pale yellowish brown, dorsal region with
black-tipped hairs; lateral line fulvous; outside of arms, under parts,
hands, and feet white; outer side of legs grayish; ears brownish; tail
above brown, beneath paler.
Measurements. Total length, 226; tail vertebra, 112; hind foot,
24. Skull: total length, 31; basal length, 25; interorbital constric-
tion, 5; length of nasals, 11.5. (ex Type.)
a.—vieinior (Peromyscus), Osgood, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xvi,
1904, p. 68.
La SaLtapA DEER Mouse.
Type locality. La Salada, State of Michoacan, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Similar to P. banderanus, but darker; skull narrower;
anterior palatine foramina nearly elliptical.
Color. ‘Slightly darker and more vinaceous than P. banderanus
in worn or summer pelage; decidedly darker in winter pelage, with
a definite dusky median dorsal area; markings about eyes, whiskers
and ankles sooty black instead of brown; upper side of tail sooty
instead of brownish.
Measurements. Total length, 216; tail vertebra, 107; hind foot,
27. Skull: greatest length, 31-32; Hensel, 23.3-24.1; zygomatic
width, 14—14.3; interorbital constriction, 4.8-5; length of nasals,
11.8-12.4; interparietal, 3.7xX10.2—-4.5xX10.2; length of upper molar
series, 4.4—4.6.
b.—anegelensis (Peromyscus), Osgood, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xv,
1904, p. 69.
Puerto ANGEL Mouse.
Type locality. Puerto Angel, State of Oaxaca, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Similar to P. banderanus, but larger; supra-orbital
bead nearly obsolete.
Color. Like P. banderanus, possibly slightly darker.
Measurements. Total length, 235; tail vertebra, 123; hind foot,
26.5. Skull: greatest length, 31.3-33.4; Hensel, 23.4—24.9; zygomatic
width, 15—15.4; interorbital constriction, 5—5.2; length of nasals,
11.7-12.8; length of upper molar series, 4.6.
152. stephensi (Peromyscus), Mearns, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1897,
p. 721. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 136.
PEROMYSCUS. alieyut
STEPHEN’S FieELD Mouse.
Type locality. Canon at east base of Coast Range Mountains, in
San Diego County, California, near Mexican boundary.
Geogr. Distr. Southern California into Lower California, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Similar to P. eremicus, but smaller, tail longer, and
colors paler.
Color. Above grayish cream buff; sides and rump pale ochra-
ceous buff; feet and under parts white; tail above dusky, below white.
Measurements. Total length, 193; tail vertebra, 108; hind foot,
1g; ear, 18.5. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 24; Hensel, 18; zygo-
matic width, 12; interorbital constriction, 3.5; palatal length, 9;
length of upper molar series, 3.
153. eremicus (Hesperomys), Baird, Mamm. N. Am., 1857, p. 479.
eremicus (Peromyscus), Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 136.
Desert Mouse.
Type locality. Old Fort Yuma, San Diego County, California.
Geogr. Distr. Lower California and State of Sonora, Mexico, into
New Mexico, Arizona, and California.
Genl. Char. Ears very large; tail longer than head and body;
palms and soles naked.
Color. Above pale yellowish gray, mixed with black; pale ful-
vous band on cheeks and sides; tail obscurely bicolor, above little
darker than dorsal region; feet whitish.
Measurements. Total length, 190; tail vertebra, 96.5; hind foot,
22; ear, 19. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 26.5; Hensel, 19; zygo-
matic width, 13; interorbital constriction, 4; palatal length, 10;
length of nasals, 10; length of upper molar series, 3.
a.—arenarius (Peromyscus), Mearns, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1896,
Pease. lillior, syn. N), Am. Mamm., 1roor, p. 136:
SAND-LOVING Mouse.
Type locality. Rio Grande, near El Paso, El Paso County,
Texas.
Geogr. Distr. State of Chihuahua, Mexico, into southern Texas.
Genl. Char. Similar to P. eremicus, without dark dorsal line.
Color. Above and sides pale ochraceous drab mixed with black;
tail above dusky drab and hoary, below pure white; head grayish;
orbital ring dusky.
Measurements. Total length, 198; tail vertebra, 106; hind foot,
Sryg- ear, rs.
b.—pheurus (Peromyscus), Osgood, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xvi,
1904, p. 75.
192 PEROMYSCUS.
BLACK-TAILED MOUSE.
Type locality. Hacienda La Parada, State of San Luis Potosi,
Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Middle portion of tableland in States of San Luis
Potosi, Zacatecas and Nuevo Leon.
Genl. Char. Similar to P. eremicus, but darker; tail unicolor.
Color. Shades of buff deeper than in P. eremicus and upper
parts more heavily mixed with black; under parts white; tail blackish
brown above and below; hands and feet white; ankles dusky.
Measurements. Total length, 176-195; tail vertebre, 92-103; hind
foot, 21.
attwateri pectoralis (Peromyscus), Osgood, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash.,
XVII, 1904, p. 59:
JALPAN Mouse.
Type locality. Jalpan, State of Queretaro, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Similar to P. attwateri; pectoral spot prominent.
Color. Upper parts pale ochraceous buff thickly sprinkled with
dusky; sides of head behind eyes grayish; a narrow black orbital
ring; pectoral spot buffy ochraceous; under parts white; tail above
dusky, beneath white; hands and feet white.
Measurements. Total length, 200; tail vertebra, 114; hind foot,
22. Skull: greatest length, 27; Hensel, 19.7; zygomatic width, 13.7;
interorbital constriction, 4.2; length of nasals, 9.9; palatal length,
3.7; palatine foramina, 4.92; postpalatal length, 9.4; length of
upper molar series, 3.8.
attwateri eremicoides (Peromyscus), Osgood, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash.,
XVII, 1904, p. 60.
ALLIED MOUSE.
Type locality. Mapimi, State of Durango, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Similar to P. eremicus, but molar enamel pattern
having accessory cusps.
Color. Upper parts mixed pinkish buff and dusky; lateral line
pinkish buff; facial region grayish; under parts pale creamy white;
tail above dusky, beneath white; hands, feet, and ankles white.
Measurements. Total length, 180-195; tail vertebra, 102-111;
hind foot, 20-21. Skull: greatest length, 24; Hensel, 18; zygomatic
width, 12; interorbital constriction, 3.9; interparietal, 8.33; length
of nasals, 8.5; palate, 3.5; palatine foramina, 4.5x1.5; postpalatal
length, 8.5; length of upper molar series, 3.5.
154. metallicola Elliot, Pub. Field Columb. Mus., 111, 1903, p. 245.
Zoology.
PEROMYSCUS. 193
Type locality. Providentia Mines, northwestern Sonora, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Similar to P. eremicus, but tail hairy and with a
pencil; sides deep orange buff instead of pale fulvous.
Color. Upper parts mixed black and orange buff; forehead and
nose gray and buff mixed; sides of face, shoulders, sides, and rump
about base of tail deep orange buff; orbital ring black; lips and
entire under parts, hands, and feet pure white; tail above dusky,
sides and beneath white; ears brown.
Measurements. Total length, 190.5; tail vertebre, ro1.6; hind
foot, 25. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 26; Hensel, 20; zygomatic
width, 13; interorbital constriction, 4.5; width of braincase, 12;
length of nasals, 10; palatal length, 10.5; length of upper tooth row,
4; length of mandible, angle to alveolus of incisor, ro; length of lower
tooth row, 4.
155. difficilis (Vesperimus), Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.,
1891, p. 298.
TROUBLESOME MOUSE.
Type locality. Sierra de Valparaiso, State of Zacatecas,
Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. State of Zacatecas, Mexico; range unknown.
Genl, Char. Allied to P. megalotis; ears smaller; hind feet larger;
color darker.
Color. Above dusky brown tinged with pale fulvous; nape and
shoulders ashy; sides buffy cinnamon; orbital ring blackish; under
parts white; tail above blackish, beneath whitish; hands and feet
whitish; ears large, naked, with gray edges.
Measurements. Total length, 201; tail vertebra, 103; hind foot,
25.4. Skull: total length, 29.7; basal length, 24.1; zygomatic width,
14.7; length of mandible, 18.3. (ex Type.)
155a. bullatus (Peromyscus), Osgood, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xvil,
1904, p. 63.
PEerote Mouse.
Type locality. Perote, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Similar to P. tru; audital bulle greatly inflated;
ears very large; tail shorter than head and body.
Color. Upper parts and sides tawny ochraceous; middle of back
dusky; top of head and nose broccoli brown; sides of head grayish;
orbital ring dusky; under parts creamy white; tail bicolor; hands and
feet white.
Measurements. Total length, 200; tail vertebra, 93; hind foot,
23. Skull: greatest length, 28.9; Hensel, 22; zygomatic width, 14.5;
interorbital constriction, 4.5; interparietal, 10x3; length of nasals,
Oa PEROMYSCUS,
10.4; palate, 4.2; postpalatal length, 10; length of upper molar series,
4.3; greatest diameter of audital bulla, 6.5.
156. sagax (Peromyscus), Elliot, Pub. Field Columb. Mus., 111, 1903,
p. 142. Zodlogy.
LA PauMA Fir_tp Mouse.
Type locality, La Palma, State of Michoacan, Mexico.
Genl, Char, Similar in color to P. dtffictlis, Allen, but skull very
different; ears large; braincase broad, nearly square; interorbital
constriction considerable. Compared with that of P. dijjictlis, the
skull is shorter and narrower, with shorter nasals, but of about equal
width; bulla smaller and closer together, and molars much smaller.
Color. Top of head and dorsal region mixed grayish black and
buff, the former predominating; sides grayish brown and buff, with
an indistinet buff lateral line; orbital ring and spot behind nose
black, with a buff spot between this and the eye; sides of head and
shoulders buffy gray; under parts white; upper side of arms buffy
gray; thighs like sides; hands and feet white; tail black above, white
beneath; ears large, brown at base, blackish at tip, with narrow white
edges,
Measurements. Total length, 192; tail vertebra, 107; hind foot,
22, Skull; total length, 26; Hensel, 20; zygomatic width, 13; mastoid
width, 12; length of nasals, 10; greatest width of rostrum, 4; palatal
length, 4; interorbital constriction, 4.3; length of upper molar series, 4.
157. yucatanicus (Peromyscus), Allen & Chapman, Bull. Amer.
Mus. Nat. Hist., 1897, p. 8.
Yucatan Mouse.
Type locality, Chichen Itza, Yucatan, Mexico,
Geogr. Distr. Yucatan, Mexico.
Genl, Char. Tail naked; size medium,
Color. Above fulvous mixed with black; lateral line bright
fulvous; under parts white; outer surface of limbs like back; hands
and feet white; tail naked, unicolor, brown; ears brownish.
Measurements, Total length, 210; tail vertebra, too; hind foot,
22; ear, 20, Skull: total length, 31; basal length, 25; interorbital
constriction, 5; length of nasals, r2. (ex Type.)
a.—badius (Peromyscus), Osgood, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XVI,
1904, p. 70.
Apazote Mouse.
I'ype locality. Apazote, State of Campeche, Mexico.
Genl, Char. Similar to P. vucatanteus, but darker.
Color, Dorsal area and sides strongly mixed with black; lateral
line cinnamon rufous; orbital ring black; under parts suffused with
r)
—_—
PEROMYSCUS, LOD
yellow; tail above blackish brown, beneath yellowish white blotched
with dusky; hands and feet white.
Measurements. Total length, 193.4; tail vertebra, 96.7; hind foot,
23.5. Skull: greatest length, 28.2; Hensel, 20.7; zygomatic width,
14.1; interorbital constriction, 4.7; interparietal, 9.23.1; length of
nasals, 10.4; palate, 4.2; postpalatal length, 9.9; length of upper
molar series, 4.1.
158. cineritius (Peromyscus), Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.,
5905p. 155.
AsHy Gray Fietp Mouse.
Type locality. San Roque Island, Lower California, Mexico,
Geogr. Distr. Known only from type locality.
Genl. Char. Size large, colors pale.
Color. Above ash gray tinged with fulvous, with black hairs
intermixed; under parts white; hands and feet white; tail above
brown, sides and beneath whitish.
Measurements. ‘Total length, 191; tail vertebra, 83; hind foot,
21. Skull: total length, 27.5; basal length, 23; mastoid breadth, 11;
interorbital width, 3.3; length of nasals, 9.5. (ex Type.)
159. levipes (Peromyscus), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., x11, 1898,
p. 123.
Mount Mauincue Mouse.
Type locality. Mount Malinche, State of Tlaxcala, Mexico. Alti-
tude, 8,400 feet.
Geogr. Distr. State of Tlaxcala, Mexico; range unknown.
Genl. Char. Size small; ears large; tail longer than head and
body. Similar to P. gratus, but rostrum heavier, nasals longer;
bulla smaller.
Color. Above grayish brown; sides and cheeks buffy fulvous;
under parts, hands, and feet white; salmon spot on breast; tail above
dusky, beneath whitish.
Measurements. Total length, 200; tail vertebra, 102; hind foot,
aa:
160. boylii (Hesperomys), Baird, Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil.,
1855, P-. 335.
gilbertt, Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1893, p. 188.
boylti (Peromyscus), Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., rgot, p. 132.
BoyLr’s Mousp.
Type locality. Middle fork of American River, Eldorado County,
California. '
Geogr. Distr. WLower California, Mexico, north to California.
196 PEROMYSCUS.
Genl. Char. Body stout; ears very large; tail longer than the body.
Color. Above mixed glossy brown and pale yellowish brown;
hands, feet, and lower parts white; white on sides bordered by a line
of reddish buff, which grades into the color of the upper parts; tail
above dusky, beneath white.
Measurements. Total length, 195; tail vertebre, 101; hind foot,
23; ear, 22. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 29; Hensel, 22; zygomatic
width, 14; interorbital constriction, 4; length of nasals, 11; palatal
length, 11; length of upper molar series, 4.
*qv.—penicillatws (Peromyscus), Mearns, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus.,
1896, p. 139. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., rgo1, p. 133.
FRANKLIN Mountains Mouvuse.
Type locality. Franklin Mountains, near El Paso, El Paso
County, Texas.
Geogr. Distr. Texas, probably into State of Chihuahua, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Nasal bones of skull truncate posteriorly, and
ending in front of the posterior ends of premaxille.
Color. Above drab gray tinged with ochraceous buff on rump
and sides; hands, feet, and under parts pure white; tail dusky drab
above, white below.
Measurements. Total length, 202; tail vertebre, 115; hind foot,
22; ear, 14.
160a. polius (Peromyscus), Osgood, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xvm,
1904, p. 61.
GRIZZLED MOUSE.
Type locality. Colonia Garcia, State of Chihuahua, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Similar to P. boylit rowley1, but larger and grayer.
Color. Upper parts grayish broccoli brown; lateral line pinkish
buff; orbital ring dusky; under parts white; tail bicolor; hands, feet.
and ankles white.
Measurements. Total length, 210-234; tail vertebra, 111-120;
hind foot, 25-26. Skull: greatest length, 29.9; Hensel, 22.9; zygo-
matic width, 14.8; interorbital constriction, 4.5; interparietal,
10.5X2.8; length of nasals, 11.6; palate, 4.4; postpalatal length, 10;
length of upper molar series, 4.7.
161. gratus (Peromyscus), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., x, 1898,
pitas:
TLALPAM FIELD MOUSE.
Type locality. Tlalpam, Valley of Mexico.
* Dr. E. A. Mearns informs me that this mouse has been taken within a mile
of the Mexican border.
a
PEROMYSCUS. 1197
Geogr. Distr. State of Mexico, range unknown.
Genl. Char. Size small; ears large; similar to P. trudt.
Color. Above pale buffy fulvous and black; side buffy fulvous;
under parts white as are also the hands and feet; tail dusky, the
sides slightly paler.
Measurements. Total length, 209; tail vertebre, 114; hind foot, 23.
a.—gentilis (Peromyscus), Osgood, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xvit,
HOGA, DP. O61.
FoREIGN MOusE.
Type locality. Lagos, State of Jalisco, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Similar to P. gratus, but paler; molars slightly
smaller.
Color. Upper parts pale ochraceous buff and dusky; sides of head
ochraceous buff; under parts white; tail above blackish, beneath
white; hands and feet white; ankles dusky.
Measurements. Total length, 194-210; tail vertebrae, 103-120;
hind foot, 23-24.5. Skull: greatest length, 27.2; zygomatic width,
14; length of nasals, 9.5; interorbital constriction, 4.4; length of
upper molar series, 4.
162. pavidus (Peromyscus), Elliot, Pub. Field Columb. Mus., 111,
1903, p. 142. Zodlogy.
SHy FieLtp Mouse.
Type locality. Patzcuaro, State of Michoacan, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Tail long, ears large, colors dark. Skull with very
broad braincase, mastoid width being apparently the greatest;
rostrum long and rather slender, its greatest width being less than
the least interorbital width, the palatine foramina broad, their
posterior ends just reaching the anterior line of the first premolar.
Skulls of all the specimens are badly broken. Somewhat similar to
P. gratus in color, but larger in all its dimensions.
Color. Upper parts mixed buff and brownish black, palest on
hind neck; orbital ring black; lateral line from lip to rump ochraceous
buff, sides buff; under parts white, tinged with buff on chest; arms
buff; legs and ankles dusky; hands and feet white; tail above blackish
or brownish black, beneath white; ears brown.
Measurements. Total length, 238; tail vertebrz, 130; hind foot, 23.
163. madrensis (Peromyscus), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., x1
1898, p. 16.
Marta Mapre Istanp Mouse.
Type locality. Maria Madre Island, Tres Marias Islands, State of
Jalisco, Mexico.
’
198 PEROMYSCUS,
Geogr. Distr. Tres Marias Islands, State of Jalisco, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Size large, tail long; similar to P. spicilegus, but
larger. No superciliary ridges on skull.
Color. Above and on sides pale ochraceous buff, dorsal region
darkest; under parts white with salmon spot on breast; tail above
and tip dark, beneath whitish.
Measurements. Total length, 222; tail vertebrz, 119; hind foot, 26.
164. eva (Peromyscus), Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 7th Ser.,
I, 1898, p. 44.
Eve’s Mouse.
Type locality. San José del Cabo, Lower California, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Cape region of Lower California, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Size large; tail long.
Color. Above sandy rufous, lined with black on dorsal region;
sides rufous; under parts white, base of hairs slate; hands and
feet silvery white; ankles dusky; tail above brown, paler beneath;
ear pale brown.
Measurements. Total length, 196-216; tail vertebrae, 108-128;
hind foot, 21; ear, 17. Skull: ‘“‘basal length, 20.3; basilar length,
18.8; greatest breadth, 12.8; length of nasals, 9.6; interorbital con-
striction, 4; interparietal, 3.7 x 9; width of braincase at squamosals,
11.7; palate, length from henselion, 10; diastema, 6.6; palatal foram-
ina, 4.8 2.1; upper molar series, 3.6.”’
165. nudipes (Hesperomys), Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.,
[8Ok, p. 223.
La CARPINTERA FIELD MOUSE.
Type locality. La Carpintera, Costa Rica.
Genl. Char. Ears, tail, and feet naked, the first very large. Skull
has rostrum very narrow, lengthened.
Color. Above dark brown, hairs tipped with rufous; sides deeper
rufous; nose grayish; dusky spot at base of whiskers, and another in
front of eye; under parts grayish white, breast crossed by a band of
pale chestnut; hands and feet naked, flesh color; tail naked, grayish
brown, paler at tip.
Measurements. Total length, 230.9; tail, 139.7; hind foot, 28.5;
ear from crown, 20.3. Skull: total length, 36.9; basal length, 31.2;
greatest breadth, 16.5; length of nasals, 14.5; length of mandible,
22.4; height at condyle, 7.9; length of upper molar series, 5.1.
166. merriami (Peromyscus), Mearns, Proc. U. 5S. Nat. Mus., 1896,
Dp. De.
Sonoyta Desert Mouse.
Type locality. Sonoyta, on Sonoyta River, State of Sonora, Mexico.
t
PEROMYSCUS. WEIS)
Geogr. Distr. State of Sonora, Mexico; extent of range unknown.
Genl. Char. Similar in color to P. eremicus; soles bare; ears
naked; tail long and scantily haired.
Color. Above pale yellowish gray mixed with black; cheeks,
outer side of arms, and sides pale fulvous or cinnamon; under
parts white with buff spot on chest; hands and feet white; tail above
little darker than back, beneath paler.
Measurements. ‘Total length, 217; tail vertebre, 113; hind foot, 23.
167. hemionotis (Peromyscus), Elliot, Pub. Field Columb. Mus., 111,
Egos, p, 157. Zoology.
MULE-EARED MOUSE.
Type locality. Rosarito Divide, San Pedro Martir Mountains,
Lower California, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Similar in color to P. stephenst; ears enormous; tail
very long.
Color. Nose and tufts in front of ears dark gray; top of head
and upper parts cream buff finely lined with black; bright ochraceous
lateral line from lips to root of tail; under parts pure white, base of
hairs plumbeous showing through; hands and feet white; tail above
brownish black, beneath white; ears dark brown.
Measurements. Total length, 222; tail vertebrae, 126; hind foot,
22.5; ear, 25.5. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 27; Hensel, 20.3; zygo-
matic width, 13; interorbital constriction, 4.5; breadth of braincase,
13; palatal arch to alveoli of incisors, 10.5; length of nasals, 10;
greatest breadth of rostrum, 4; length of upper tooth row, 4; length
of mandible, angle to alveolus of incisors, 11.
168. gaurus (Peromyscus), Elliot, Pub. Field Columb. Mus., 111,
TOO, p. 157. Zoology.
Frisky Mouse.
Type locality. San Antonio, San Pedro Martir Mountains, Lower
California, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Size large, tail very long, colors pale. Skull with
broad braincase; nasals long; interorbital space broad.
Color. Above ochraceous buff, finely lined with black; deepest
and brightest on lower back and rump, becoming grayish cream buff;
lined with black on upper back and top of head and nose, cheeks,
sides, thighs, and upper parts of arms, legs, and entire under parts
pure white, the plumbeous under fur showing through; hands and
feet white; tail above dark wood brown, beneath cream color; ears
blackish brown.
Measurements. “Total length, 222; tail vertebra, 122; hind foot,
22; ear, 20. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 27; Hensel. 21; zygomatic
200 PEROMYSCUS.
width, 14; interorbital constriction, 4; length of nasals, 9; palatal
length, 11; postpalatal length, 9; greatest breadth of rostrum, 4;
length of mandible, 11; height at coronoid process, 7.
169. homochroia (Peromyscus), Elliot, Pub. Field Columb. Mus.,
Ill, 1903, py 158. ‘Zoology.
SAN QUENTIN MOUSE.
Type locality. San Quentin, Lower California, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Similar in color to P. gaurus, but smaller; tail shorter,
and black above instead of wood brown; ears comparatively longer.
Skull is shorter, braincase narrower, nasals shorter and more pointed
interorbital constriction greater, pterygoids and palate narrower.
Color. Above similar to P. gaurus, beneath white with buff
patch on chest between arms; sides ochraceous; hands and feet
white; tail above black with apical third black all round, beneath
whitish; in some specimens the tail is black above and beneath; ears
brownish black.
Measurements. Total length, 185; tail vertebra, 100; hind foot,
20; ears, 21.5. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 24.2; Hensel, 18; zygo-
matic width, 8; interorbital constriction, 3.8; width of braincase, 6.6;
length of nasals, 6.5; palatal length, 9; postpalatal length, 8.2; greatest
breadth of rostrum, 3; length of mandible, ro.
170. oresterus (Peromyscus), Elliot, Pub. Field Columb. Mus., 111,
1903, p. 159. Zodlogy.
MountTAIn MOusE.
Type locality. Vallecitos, San Pedro Martir Mountains, Lower
California, Mexico, 9,000 feet elevation.
Genl. Char. Color pale; tail medium; skull with braincase and
nasals broad; rostrum heavy.
Color. Upper parts pinkish buff, lined with black on top of head
and dorsal region; line from nose to below the eye; shoulders and
upper part of sides of body pinkish buff; end of nose, lips, cheeks,
lower parts of sides of body, and entire under parts pure white; base
of fur plumbeous; tail above dusky, sides and beneath white; hands
and feet white; ears brownish black with tufts of creamy buff hairs
on basal half.
Measurements. Total length, 201; tail vertebra, 96; hind foot,
21; ear, 20.5. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 26; Hensel, 20; zygo-
matic width, 12; interorbital constriction, 4; length of nasals, 9;
breadth of rostrum, 4; palatal length, 10; postpalatal length, 7; width
of braincase, II.
171. leucurus (Peromyscus), Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 6th
Ser., 1894, p. 364.
PEROMYSCUS, 201
WHITE-TAILED MOUSE.
Type locality. Tehuantepec, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Southern Mexico.
Genl. Char. Size about that of P. calsfornicus; ears large; tail
long, distal half white.
Color. Above cinereous gray lined with black; under parts white;
hands and feet white; tail, proximal half brown, distal half white;
ears blackish brown.
Measurements. Total length, 260; tail, 142; hind foot, 25.5; ear
from notch, 17.5. Skull: greatest length, 30.3; greatest breadth, 15;
length of nasals, 11.2; breadth of nasals, 3.4; interorbital constriction,
5.1; interparietal breadth, 10; interparietal length, 3.9; palatal length,
11.9; length of upper molar series, 4.5; length of mandible, condyle
to tip of incisor, 18.2; height of coronoid process, 7.4.
a.—sadovi (Peromyscus), Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 7th Ser.,
Ml 1009, p: 4164.
Gapow’s Mouse.
Type locality. San Carlos, Yautepec, State of Oaxaca, Mexico.
Altitude, 2,250 feet.
Genl. Char. Similar to P. leucurus, color darker, ears larger.
Color. Upper parts pale brown tinged with buff; sides like back;
under parts soiled grayish; chin white; hands and feet white; tail
black above and at tip, beneath white.
Measurements. Total length, 265; tail, 150; hind foot, 27.6; ear,
25. Skull: greatest length, 31.5; basilar length, 24; zygomatic
breadth, 4.2; breadth of braincase, 14; interparietal, 4.211.5;
palatal length, 12.5; palatal foramina, 6.62.6; length of upper
molar series, 4.7.
172. melanophrys (Hesperomys), Coues, Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien.
ri £574, 0. Ler.
BLACK-BROWED Mouse.
Type locality. Santa Efigenia, Tehuantepec, State of Oaxaca,
Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Southern Mexico, Tehuacan and Tehuantepec,
States of Puebla and Oaxaca.
Genl. Char. Size large; tail longer than head and body; ears
large. Skull: palate ending opposite last molars.
Color. Above gray, tinged with fulvous, darker on dorsal line;
sides fulvous; head gray; orbital ring black; under parts pure white;
hairs at base plumbeous; hands and feet white; tail above like the
back, beneath gray.
Measurements. Total length, 245; tail vertebrae, 135; hind foot,
202 PEROMYSCUS.
26; ear above notch, 19.4. (ex Type.) Skull: total length, 30;
width, 17.
a.—zamore (Peromyscus), Osgood, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xvi,
1904, p. 65.
ZAMORA MOUSE.
Type locality. Zamora, State of Michoacan, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Similar to P. melanophrys; tawny band across
pectoral region.
Color. Like P. melanophrys, but darker; tawny pectoral band;
tail above black.
Measurements. Total length, 260; tail vertebre, 141; hind foot,
29. Skull: adults, greatest length, 31.3-32; Hensel, 25—25.9; zygo-
matic width, 16.5—-16.9; length of nasals, 12-12; length of upper
molar series, 4.7—4.8.
b.—consobrinus (Peromyscus), Osgood, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xvu,
1904, p. 66.
KINDRED MOUSE.
Type locality. Berriozabal, State of Zacatecas, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Similar to P. melanophrys, but tail shorter. Skull
with larger audital bulla; shorter and broader nasals; brain case
more bulging.
Color. Upper parts and sides tawny ochraceous thickly lined with
black; lateral line tawny; orbital ring black; sides of face grayish;
pectoral spot tawny; under parts creamy white; tail white beneath;
hands and feet creamy white; ankles dusky.
Measurements. Total length, 250; tail vertebre, 131; hind foot,
26.5. Skull: greatest length, 30.8; Hensel, 25.3; zygomatic width,
16.3; interorbital constriction, 4.9; length of nasals, 11.1; palate,
4.4; length of upper molar series, 4.7.
172a. xenurus (Peromyscus), Osgood, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xv,
1904, p. 67.
Opp-TAILED Mouse.
Type locality. Durango, State of Durango, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Tail black, with ventral white line; large pectoral
spot.
Color. Upper parts grayish fawn mixed with black; rump fawn;
cheeks mixed fawn and gray; large pectoral spot bright fawn; under
parts white; tail black all around, except a narrow white stripe
beneath; hind feet dusky brown to base of toes, latter creamy white.
Measurements. Total length, 246-248; tail vertebre, 140-142;
hind foot, 28. Skull: greatest length, 30; Hensel, 23.8; zygomatic
PEROMYSCUS. 203
width, 115.5; interorbital constriction, 4.9; length of nasals, 10.2;
length of upper molar series, 4.9.
172b. zelotes (Peromyscus), Osgood, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xvii,
1904, p. 67.
ENERGETIC MOUSE.
Type locality. Querendaro, State of Michoacan, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Similar to P. melanophrys; tail longer than head
and body.
Color. “Similar in general to P. melanophrys, but facial region
more suffused with tawny and the gray very much reduced; somewhat
similar to P. levipes, but paler throughout; no trace of a pectoral
Spot.”
Measurements. Total length, 218; tail vertebre, 115; hind foot,
eg. skull: greatest length, 28.3; Hensel, 21.6; zygomatic width,
14.2; interorbital constriction, 4.9; length of nasals, 10.6; length of
upper molar series, 4.6.
173. insignis (Peromyscus), Rhoads, Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil.,
1895, p. 33. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1go1, p. 138.
SACHEM OR CHIEF MOUSE.
Type locality. Dulzura, San Diego County, California.
Geogr. Distr. Southern California, and Lower California, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Size large; tail very long, exceeding head and body.
Color. Above light brownish gray, mingled with black; darkest
on back, brownest on rump and thighs; flanks ochraceous; hands,
feet, and under surface grayish white; tail above sooty, below grayish
white.
Measurements. Total length, 233; tail vertebre, 132; hind foot,
26; ear, 23. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 29; Hensel, 11; zygomatic
width, 9; interorbital constriction, 4; length of nasals, 11; palatal
length, 11; length of upper molar series, 4.
174. californicus (Mus), Gdimbel, Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil.,
LOAS, Po 7d.
californicus (Peromyscus), Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 137
CALIFORNIA MOUSE.
Type locality. Monterey, Monterey County, California.
Geogr. Distr. Lower California, Mexico, north along the coast of
California.
Genl. Char. » Size large; tail long; ears large, sparsely haired.
Color. Above dark gray mixed with light brown; sides fulvous;
under parts grayish buff; tail blackish brown above, whitish below.
Measurements. Total length, 265; tail vertebre, 142; hind foot,
204 PEROMYSCUS.
28; ear, 26. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 29; Hensel, 22; zygomatic
width, 15; interorbital constriction, 4; width of braincase, 13.2;
length of nasals, 10; palatal length, r2.
175. hylocetes (Peromyscus), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., x11,
L5Q0,-D. 124.
Dryap Mouse.
Type locality. Patzcuaro, State of Michoacan, Mexico. Altitude
8,000 feet.
Geogr. Distr. State of Michoacan, Mexico; range unknown.
Genl. Char. Tail shorter than head and body; size large.
Color. Above buffy gray, darkest on dorsal region; sides buffy
ochraceous; under parts, lips, and hands whitish; basal part of hind
foot, wrists, and ankles dusky; tail above dusky, below white.
Measurements. Total length, 238; tail vertebre, 114; hind foot, 25.
176. lepturus (Peromyscus), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 1898, p. 118.
Mount ZEMPOALTEPEC FIELD MOUSE.
Type locality. Mount Zempoaltepec, State of Oaxaca, Mexico.
Altitude, 8,200 feet.
Geogr. Distr. State of Oaxaca, Mexico, range unknown.
Genl. Char. Size large; tail long as head and body, nearly hair-
less; molars large.
Color. Above brownish, dorsal area dusky, almost black; cheeks
and sides brownish fulvous; orbital ring dusky; under parts white;
tail above dusky, paler beneath; hands whitish; wrists, ankles, and
hind feet dusky.
Measurements. Total length, 238; tail vertebre, 114; hind foot,
28. (ex Type.)
176a. lophurus (Peromyscus), Osgood, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xvi,
1904, pape.
CRESTED-TAILED MOUSE.
Type locality. Todos Santos, Guatemala.
Genl. Char. Similar to P. lepturus, but smaller and paler; tail
long, hairy, penicillate.
Color. Upper parts between wood brown and fawn; middle of
back dusky; lateral line pale ochraceous buff; under parts white;
orbital ring dusky; tail sepia brown, unicolor; hands white; forearm
dusky; feet dusky brownish to base of toes, the latter white.
Measurements. Average of four adults. Total length, 208; tail
vertebre, 105; hind foot, 24.5. Skull: greatest length, 27.5; Hensel,
20.8; zygomatic width, 14.7; interorbital constriction, 4.3; inter-
parietal, 10X 4.5; length of nasals, 10; palate, 4; postpalatal length,
9.6; length of upper molar series, 4.7.
PEROMYSCUS. 205
176b. simulatus (Peromyscus), Osgood, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash.
Vl, L904, p. 72.
Im1ITATOR MOUSE.
Type locality. Jico, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Miniature of P. lophurus; tail long, hairy, crested;
audital bulle relatively large.
Color. Like P. lophurus; tail brown, narrow line of white on under
surface.
Measurements. Total length, 169; tail vertebre, 87; hind foot,
21; ear from notch, 14.3. Skull: greatest length, 24.4; Hensel, 18;
zygomatic width, 12.5; interorbital constriction, 4.3; interparietal
8.23; length of nasals, 9; palate, 3.5; postpalatal length, 8; length
of upper molar series, 8.9.
177. felipensis (Peromyscus), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., x11
1898, p. 122.
SAN FELIPE FIELD Mouse.
Type locality. Cerro San Felipe, State of Oaxaca, Mexico. Alti-
tude, 10,200 feet.
Geogr. Distr. State of Oaxaca, Mexico; range unknown.
Genl. Char. Similar to P. diffictlis, but larger and darker.
Color. Above dusky gray, blackish on dorsal region; lips, sides
of nose, under parts, hands, and feet white; flanks grayish brown;
spot on breast salmon; orbital ring black; tail above brown, beneath
whitish.
Measurements. Total length, 238; tail vertebrae, 125; hind
Toot, 27.5;
’
177a. amplus (Peromyscus), Osgood, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xvu,
1904, p. 62.
CuusBBy Mouse.
Type locality. Coixtlahuaca, State of Oaxaca, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Similar to P. felepensis, but paler.
Color. Upper parts clay color, being a mixture of ochraceous
buff and dusky; lateral line ochraceous buff; forehead and orbital
region grayish; under parts creamy white; pectoral spot ochraceous
buff; tail above dusky brownish, beneath white; hands and feet
white; ankles dusky.
Measurements. Average of ten adults: total length, 248 (235—
260); tail vertebra, 136 (128-145); hind foot, 27 (26-28). Skull of
type: zygomatic width, 10.4; interorbital constriction, 4.5; interpa-
rietal, 10.4%X3.7;, length of nasals, 11.3; palate, 4.6; postpalatal
length, 10.2; upper molar series, 4.8.
206 PEROMYSCUS.
178. tehuantepecus (Peromyscus), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., x,
1898, p. 122.
TEHUANTEPEC FIELD Mouse.
Type locality. Tehuantepec, State of Oaxaca, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. State of Oaxaca, Mexico; range undetermined.
Genl. Char. Size medium; similar to P. mexicanus, but paler.
Color. Above pale fulvous lined with black, darkest on back;
cheeks and sides buffy fulvous; under parts whitish, with a salmon
pectoral spot, and sometimes tinged with buff; tail dusky, sides
orange chrome; hands and feet whitish.
Measurements. Total length, 243; tail vertebre, 124; hind
foot, 26.
179. oaxacensis (Peromyscus), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xu,
1898, p. 122.
Oaxaca FIELD MOUSE.
Type locality. Cerro San Felipe, State of Oaxaca, Mexico. Alti-
tude, 10,000 feet.
Geogr. Distr. State of Oaxaca, Mexico; limits of range unknown.
Genl, Char. Size medium; tail long. Skull similar to that of
P. mexicanus, but bulla larger, and first lower molar with a “‘supple-
mentary enamel loop on outer side in front of posterior cusp.”’
Color. Upper parts fulvous, darkest on dorsal region; orbital
ring dusky; cheeks and sides cinnamon rufous; under parts and
hands white; feet white, their basal portion dusky; tail above dusky,
beneath white.
Measurements. Total length, 242; tail vertebra, 122; hind
faot, 27.
180. comptus (Peromyscus), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., x1,
rS598,.p.. 120.
CHILPANCINGO Mouse.
Type locality. Mountains near Chilpancingo, State of Guerero,
Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. State of Guerero, Mexico; range unknown.
Genl. Char. Size large; similar to P. auritus, but more fulvous;
tail long.
Color. Upper parts golden fulvous lined with black, dorsal
region darkest; orbital ring blackish; under parts white, some speci-
mens tinged with yellowish; wrists and ankles dusky; tail dusky
above, whitish beneath; hands and feet whitish.
Measurements. Total length, 285; tail vertebrae, 150; hind
foot, 31.
PEROMYSCUS, 207
181. mexicanus (Hesperomys), Sauss., Rev. Mag. Zodél., 1860, 2me
per., p, 103, pl. 1x figs. ia.
Mexican Mouse.
Type locality. State of Vera Cruz, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Size large; ears large, longer than wide; tail long.
Color. Above dark brownish mouse gray; silvery shade on back;
flanks yellowish gray; cheeks rusty gray; lips and chin yellowish
gray; under parts grayish white, with a yellow wash on breast;
hands white; hind feet brown; toes white; tail black above, white
beneath.
Measurements. Total length, 180; tail vertebra, 78; hind foot, 26.
a.—teapensis (Peromyscus), Osgood, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xvii,
1904, p. 69.
Teapa Mouse.
Type locality. Teapa, State of Tabasco, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Similar to P. m. totontepecus, but sides brighter.
Color. Dorsal region blackish; sides chestnut; orbital ring black;
under parts creamy white; pectoral spot often present; tail black,
with a few yellowish white spots beneath; hands white; feet white,
witha dusky area from ankles nearly to base of toes.
Measurements. Total length, 234-254; tail vertebrae, 121-136;
hind foot, 27-28.5. Skull: greatest length, 33; Hensel, 24.6; zygo-
matic width, 16.2; length of nasals, 12.7; interorbital constriction,
5.4; palate, 4.7; postpalatal length, 11.9; length of upper molar series,
4.5.
b.—orizabe (Peromyscus), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., x11, 1898,
Oot.
OrIZABA Firtp Mouse.
Type locality. Orizaba, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico. Altitude,
4,200 feet.
Geogr. Distr. State of Vera Cruz, Mexico; range unknown.
Genl. Char. Similar to P. mexicanus, but larger; tail and hind
feet longer.
Color. Top of head and upper parts dark seal brown; sides and
cheeks chestnut fulvous; orbital ring and nose dusky; lips, under
parts, wrists, and hands white; salmon tinge on breast; hind feet
basally dusky, rest whitish; tail above dusky, beneath yellowish white.
Measurements. Total length, 257; tail vertebra, 139; hind
foot, 29.5.
c.—saxatilis (Peomyscus), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., x11, 1898,
Oe miee e
208 PEROMYSCUS.
Rock Mouse.
Type locality. Jacaltenango, Huehuetenango, Guatemala.
Geogr. Distr. Guatemala; range unknown.
Genl. Char. Similar to P. mexicanus; paler.
Color. Above grayish fulvous, lined with black; dorsal area dark,
almost black; sides fulvous; lips, wrists, hands, feet, and under parts
white; ankles dusky; orbital ring blackish; cheeks pale fulvous; tail
above dusky, beneath whitish.
Measurements. Total length, 245.5; tail vertebre, 127.5; hind
£O0b, 27.5,
d.—totontepecws (Peromyscus), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., x11,
1898, p. 120.
ToTONTEPEC FIELD MOUSE.
Type locality. Totontepec, State of Oaxaca, Mexico. Altitude,
6,500 feet.
Geogr. Distr. State of Oaxaca, Mexico; range unknown.
Genl. Char. Similar to P. mexicanus, but larger and darker.
Color. Above dusky brown; black on dorsal region; sides and
cheeks fulvous brown; under parts whitish, with sometimes a salmon
patch on breast; tail above dusky, yellowish white below; hands
whitish; ankles and basal portions of hind feet dusky.
Measurements. Total length, 261; tail vertebre, 136; hind
foot, 28.
18la. allophylus (Peromyscus), Osgood, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XVII,
1904, p. 71.
ALIEN MOUSE.
Type locality. Huehuetan, State of Chiapas, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Tail shorter than head and body; tail scaly as in
Oryzomys; proximal soles of hind feet finely haired.
Color. Dorsal area blackish brown; sides mummy brown; under
parts yellowish white; slate of under fur showing; orbital ring and
antorbital spot black; tail unicolor, dusky blackish; hands and feet
whitish; ankles dusky.
Measurements. Total length, 202; tail vertebre, 95; hind foot,
25. Skull: greatest length, 29.8; Hensel, 22.5; zygomatic width,
14.5; interorbital constriction, 5; length of nasals, 11; palate, 4; post-
palatal length, 10.5; length of upper molar series, 4.
182. furvus (Peromyscus), Allen & Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus.
Nat, Hist., 2897, 8. 261.
JaLvapA Fretp MOovusE.
Type locality. Jalapa, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico.
PEROMYSCUS. 209
Geogr. Distr. State of Vera Cruz, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Skull large, strong; .rostrum broad, inflated ante-
riorly, bell-shaped; nasals pointed posteriorly and extending beyond
the intermaxille; palate with slightly upturned posterior border;
anterior palatine foramina very broad.
Color. Above dark brown, washed with grayish, blackish on
dorsal line; inclined to reddish on sides; under parts and hind feet
grayish white; fore feet white; rufous patch on breast; ears and tail
dark brown, naked; tip of tail sometimes whitish.
Measurements. Total length, 248-282; tail vertebre, 123-145;
hind foot, 26-29; ear, 20-23. Skull: total length, 35; basal length,
29; zygomatic width, 16.7; interorbital constriction, 5; length of
nasals, 8; length of upper tooth row, 5. (ex Type.)
183, zarhynchus (Peromyscus), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., x11,
1898, p. 117.
LoNG-NOSED Mouse.
Type locality. Tumbala, State of Chiapas, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. State of Chiapas, Mexico; limit of range unknown.
Genl. Char. Size large; ears large; tail long, naked; hind feet
long. Skull: rostrum elongated, bulle small; interparietal narrow.
Color. Above dusky with a chestnut tinge; flanks seal brown or
chestnut; under parts buff, with a chestnut tinge on breast, extend-
ing in some specimens over the belly; tail above dusky, beneath
yellowish white; hands and feet whitish.
Measurements. Total length, 324; tail vertebre, 176; hind foot,
35:
a.—cristobalensis (Peromyscus), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash.,
KM. LOOS, P.LL aR
SAN CRISTOBAL FIELD MOUSE.
Type locahity. San Cristobal, State of Chiapas, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. State of Chiapas, Mexico; range unknown.
Genl. Char. Similar to P. zarhynchus, but lighter and more
rufous.
Color. Above dusky brown and fulvous mixed, darkest on dorsal
line; cheeks and sides fulvous; under parts whitish, with chest tinged
with chestnut; tail dusky above, yellowish white beneath; hands
and feet whitish.
Measurements. Total length, 322; tail vertebre, 170; hind foot,
34.
184. auritus (Peromyscus), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., x11, 1898,
p. TO.
210 PEROMYSCUS.
LARGE-EARED FIELD MOUSE.
Type locality. Mountains west of Oaxaca City, State of Oaxaca,
Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. State of Oaxaca, Mexico; limits of range unknown.
Genl. Char. Similar to P. megalops; ears and bulle larger.
Color. Above grayish brown, back blackish; cheeks and sides
washed with fulvous; under parts whitish; hands and feet whitish;
wrists and ankles dusky; tail above dusky, beneath whitish.
Measurements. Total length, 288; tail vertebra, 148; hind foot,
30.
185. megalops (Peromyscus), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., x11,
1898, p. 119.
OzoLoTEPEec FiELpD Mouse.
Type locality. Mountains near Ozolotepec, State of Oaxaca,
Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. State of Oaxaca, Mexico; range unknown.
Genl. Char. Size large; ears short; tail long.
Color. Above mixed fulvous and black, darkest between ears
and on dorsal region; cheeks and sides of body salmon fulvous;
under parts whitish, breast tinged with salmon fulvous; hands
white; wrists, ankles, and hind feet dusky.
Measurements. Total length, 282; tail vertebre, 150; hind foot,
gilt
185a. melanocarpus (Peromyscus), Osgood, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash.,
XVII, 1904, p. 73.
BLACK-FOOTED MOUSE.
Type locality. Mount Zempoaltepec, State of Oaxaca, Mexico.
Altitude, 8,000 feet.
Genl. Char. Similar to P. megalops, but smaller and darker;
hands blackish to digits.
Color. Upper parts blackish and mummy brown, darkest on
middle of back; under parts blackish slate, washed with creamy
white; pectoral region cinnamon rufous; black line from _ nostril
through eye; tail blackish, slightly paler on under side; hands and
feet dusky brownish to base of toes.
Measurements. Total length, 241; tail vertebre, 125; hind foot,
27. Skull: greatest length, 31.6; Hensel, 24.3; zygomatic width,
ts.2; length of nasals, 12; interorbital constriction, 5.4; length of
upper molar series, 5. :
185b. altilaneus (Peromyscus), Osgood, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XvI,
1904, Pp. 74.
PEROMYSCUS. 211
Fiurry Mouse.
Type locality. Todos Santos, Guatemala. Altitude, 10,000 feet.
Genl. Char. Similar to P. melanocarpus, but smaller and with
a shorter and less hairy tail; hands white.
Color. Like P. melanocarpus; tail blotched with yellowish white
on under side; hands and part of forearm white; hind foot with
V-shaped dusky mark from ankle half-way to base of toes; rest of
foot white; pectoral spot strongly developed.
Measurements. Total length, 228; tail vertebre, 115; hind foot,
28. Skull: greatest length, 31; Hensel, 24; zygomatic width, 14.6;
interorbital constriction, 5; length of nasals, 11.5; palate, 4.8; post-
palatal length, 11.2; length of upper molar series, 4.6.
186. guatemalensis (Peromyscus), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash.,
Xi, THOS, P.Lrss
Topvos Santos Mouse.
Type locahty. Todos Santos, Guatemala. Altitude, 10,000 feet.
Geogr. Distr. State of Chiapas, Mexico, into Guatemala; range
unknown.
Genl. Char. Size large; tail long, hairs scanty; fur long, soft.
Color. Above mixed dusky and grayish, blackish on dorsal
region; indistinct line from nose to ear; flanks brownish fulvous, as
are also the cheeks; salmon fulvous patch on breast; under parts
and hands white; hind feet dusky, then white; wrists and ankles
blackish; tail above dusky, beneath whitish.
Measurements. Total length, 273; tail vertebrz, 141; hind foot,
31. (exType.) Skull: zygomatic width, 16.5; interorbital constric-
tion, 5; length of nasals, 14.5; palatal length, 14; length of upper
tooth row, 4; length of mandible, angle to alveolus of incisor, 15;
height at coronoid process, 6.2; length of lower tooth row, 5.
187. cacabatus (Peromyscus), Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl.,
RRIE,LGO2, p> 20:
Sooty Mouse.
Type locality. Boquete, Chiriqui, Panama. Altitude, 5,000 feet.
Genl. Char. Allied to P. guatemalensts, but paler and with a
shorter tail.
Color. Dorsal region sooty; sides brownish grading into dull
orange buff on lower sides; sides of nose buffy white; top of nose
and orbital ring black; under parts varying from dull grayish white
to pinkish buff; pectoral collar orange buff; feet and hands white;
tail above dusky, beneath pale yellowish gray; ear dusky.
212 PEROMYSCUS, MEGADONTOMYS.
Measurements. Total length, 252-270; tail vertebra, 120-135;
hind foot, 25-27; ear, 20-21. Skull: basal length, 28.8; occipito-
nasal length, 32.4; zygomatic width, 15.6; mastoid width, 13.6;
length of nasals, 13; width of nasals, 3.4; length of palatal slits, 6.2;
width of palatal slits, 3.2; length of palate to palatal notch, 12.8; to
end of pterygoid, 19; length of upper molar series, 5; length of single
half mandible, 17.4. (Bangs, 1. c.)
188. mecisturus (Peromyscus), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., x1,
1898, p. 124.
GREAT-TAILED MOUSE.
Type locality. Chalchicomula, State of Puebla, Mexico. Alti-
tude, 8,400 feet.
Geogr, Distr. State of Puebla, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Size large; tail very long; ears large.
Color. Above anteriorly gray lined with black, and suffused
with fulvous; rump pale fulvous; orbital ring dusky; chin whitish;
under parts whitish buff; breast buffy; wrists dusky; hands white;
sides of ankles, and the toes white; tail above dusky, paler beneath.
Measurements. Total length, 249; tail vertebra, 155; hind foot,
24.
43. Megadontomys.
= 10.
La; a
>
‘
*”
As
ws rd
Megadontomys Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., x11, 1898, p. 115.
Type Megadontomys thomast Merriam.
Size large; ears and tail long, scantily haired; pelage long, soft,
and very dense. Skull similar in general to that of Peromyscus,
but very large and massive; rostrum and nasals much produced,
the latter expanded anteriorly and projecting far beyond incisors.
Molars very large and heavy, with short tubercles which wear off
when the animal is still young, leaving flat crowns; first and second
lower molars with a supplementary narrow enamel loop on each
side; third lower molar with three salient and two reéntrant angles
on each side. Plantar tubercles, 7; Mamme, 6; pectoral —, inguinal
(Merriam, 1. c.)
REY TO rE) SPE Cles,
PAGE
A. Above mixed fulvous and black.............. M. thomast 213
B. Above grayish brows \... :«eueeeaen ee ee eee M. nelsont 214
C. Above brownish cininamon,. 49. cc ues) cae VM. flavidus 214
MEGADONTOMYS,
FiG. 34. MEGADONTOMYS THOMASI.
No, 7o144 U.S. Nat. Mus. Coll. ‘Twice nat, si
e
UPPER TOOTH ROW, LOWER TOOTH ROW
enlarged 7 times, enlarged 7 times
189, thomasi (Peromyscus), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash.
L505, 9) 5 1, 10lo Fe
THOMAS’ GUERRERO FigeLp Mouse.
[ype locality. Mountains near Chilpancingo, State of Guerrero,
Mexico. Altitude, 9,700 Ieet.
Geogr. Distr. State of Guerrero, Mexico:
Genl, Char. Size large; tail very
naked.
range unknown
long; ears large, both nearly
Color. Above fulvous, mixed with black on back:
beneath
white; breast sometimes tinged with
vellowish buff; orbital ring
214 MEGADONTOMYS. — NYCTOMYS.
blackish; hands and feet white; tail above dusky, almost black,
beneath paler.
Measurements. Total length, 350; tail vertebre, 188; hind foot,
34. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 65; Hensel, 54; zygomatic width,
2; interorbital constriction, 9; length of nasals, 26; palatal length,
33.5; length of upper tooth row, 11.
190. nelsoni (Peromyscus), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., x11, 1898,
DB. erGs
Netson’s FieLD Mouse.
Type locality. Jico, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico: Altinade
6,000 feet.
Geogr. Distr. State of Vera Cruz, Mexico; range unknown.
Genl. Char. Similar to M. thomast, but darker.
Color. Above and sides grayish brown, darkest on dorsal region;
under parts white; tail dusky; hands white; hind feet dusky.
Measurements. Total length, 302; tail vertebrae, 172; hind foot,
35°
191. flavidus (Megadontomys), Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl.,
Ss 1002. a7:
BoguETE MOUSE.
Type locality. Boquete, Chiriqui, Panama. Altitude, 4,000
feet.
Genl. Char. Braincase rounded and elevated; palatal slits very
wide; audital bullz small; ears small.
Color. Above brownish cinnamon, inclined to rusty on the rump;
sides orange buff; black patch at base of whiskers; under parts white;
pectoral collar buffy; hands and feet whitish; tail above dusky,
beneath grayish; ears dusky inside, silvery outside.
Measurements. Total length, 320-375; tail vertebrae, 155-205;
hind foot, 31-33; ear, 20-24. Skull: basal length, 35.4; occipito-
nasal length, 40.2; zygomatic width, 19.6; mastoid width, 15; length
of nasals, 17.8; width of nasals, 4.8: length of palatal slits, 7.4; width
of palatal slits, 3.4; length of palate to palatal notch, 17; to end of
pterygoid, 24.4; length of upper molar series, 5.6; length of single
half mandible, 21.8. (Bangs, l. c.)
44. Nyectomys. Vesper Rats.
= M2 = 16.
*"I—1?
Nyctomys Sauss., Rev. Mag. Zodl., 2me Sér., 1860, p. 106. Type
Hesperomys sumichrastt Saussure.
Myoxomys Tomes, Proc. Zodl. Soc., 1861, p. 284, pl. XxXI.
NYCTOMYS. 215
Muzzle short; ears not hidden in fur, which is short and fine; feet
short, broad; tail as long as body, hairy. Skull: rostrum very slender,
short braincase and zygomata expanded; orbital space broad and a
well-developed supraorbital crest; antorbital foramen large, opening
forwards; palate only reaching to the forward margin of molar series:
palatal slits short; mamme four.
Fic. 35. NyYCTOMYS SUMICHRASTI.
No. 12204 U.S. Nat. Mus. Coll. Twice nat. size.
UPPER TOOTH ROW. LOWER TOOTH ROW
Enlarged 8 times. Enlarged 8 times,
NEY LO MH SPE Giles:
PAGE
A. Upper parts isabella or pale orange......... N. sumichrastt 216
B. Upper parts"meownish isabelline..............1 N. decolorus 216
C. Upper parts yellowish cinnamon.............1 NV. nitellinus 216
216 NYCTOMYS.
192. sumichrasti (Hesperomys), Sauss., Rev. Mag. Zodl., 2me Sér.,
1860, Pp. 07, pl..g; He: 2.
SUMICHRAST’S VESPER Rat.
Type locality. ‘‘Habite le versant oriental de la Cordiliére,”’
State of Vera Cruz, ? Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Eastern Mexico, State of Vera Cruz to Isthmus of
Tehuantepec.
Genl. Char. Ears long, higher than wide; nose pointed; hind
feet short.
Color. Upper parts isabella or pale orange, clearer on flanks;
under parts, chin, and lower jaw on side of face pure white; tail
brownish red; feet pale yellowish brown.
Measurements. Total length, 230; tail, 106; hind foot, 23. Skull:
occipito-nasal length, 58; Hensel, 49; zygomatic width, 30.5; inter-
orbital constriction, 1o; length of nasals, 16; palatal length, 25;
length of upper molar series, 10.
193. decolorus (Siztomys), True, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., xvi, 1894, p. 689.
FapED VESPER Rat.
Type locality. Rio de las Piedras, Honduras.
Geogr. Distr. Tehuantepec, Mexico, into Honduras, Central
America.
Genl. Char. Similar to R. sumichrasti, but paler, tail shorter;
ear naked, prominent; soles naked; tail covered with long hairs.
Color. Above brownish isabelline, middle of back washed with
gray; under parts and cheeks white; orbital ring dark brown; tail
chocolate brown; hands like back, feet dusky, toes whitish; ears
chocolate brown.
Measurements. Total length, 193; tail vertebrae, 85; hind foot,
23; ear, 14.
194. nitellinus (Nyctomys), Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zo6él., xxx1x,
1902, p. 30.
BoguETE VESPER Rat.
Type locality. Boquete, Chiriqui, Panama. Altitude, 4,000
feet.
Genl. Char. Similar to R. decolorus, but larger and darker.
Color. Above yellowish cinnamon, dorsal region darker; lower
sides shaded with orange buff; orbital ring, and space between eyes
and nose black; under parts white; tail blackish, unicolor; hands
white; feet, toes, and sides of tarsus white; middle of tarsus dark
brown; ears dusky.
NYCTOMYS. TYLOMYS. 217
Measurements. Total length, 250-260; tail vertebre, 120-125;
hind foot, 25; ear, 17. Skull: basal length, 28; occipito-nasal length,
32.4; zygomatic width, 18; mastoid width, 13; interorbital width,
11; length of nasals, 10.6; width of nasals, 3.2; length of palatal
slits, 4.6; width of palatal slits, 2.2; length of palate to palatal notch,
12.4; length of upper molar series, 4.8; length of single half mandible,
res, (Bangs, |. c.)
45. Tylomys.
IL—; i 1G,
I—1”
Tylomys Peters, Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1866, p.
404. Type Hesperomys nudicaudus Peters.
“Ears rather large, naked; tail and soles of feet naked. Skull with
no raised supraorbital ridges, but with a broad horizontal edge over
orbits; antorbital foramen not visible from above.’’
Ren VO rear Glib se
A. Broad horizontal edge above orbits; ears
large, naked; tail long. PAGE
Meer PALS LETTUSINEOUS «04.0. 6 ee es a T. nudicaudus 217
Meee er parts Cark, STAY 2) seu kpeg es Bee ee T. tumbalensts 218
©, Upper parts pale gray? Specimen too
Hom On be (CMATACTEMIZO Ns vik ee et ee he wa ee LT \oullaris 210
d. Upper parts rufous fawn and black.......... T. watsont 219
e€. Upper parts mouse color and black....... TI. panamensis 219
195. nudicaudus (Hesperomys), Peters, Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad.
Wiss. Berlin, 1866, p. 404, pl. 1, figs. 1-4.
NAKED-TAILED Rat.
Type locality. Guatemala.
Geogr. Distr. Southeastern Mexico (State of Chiapas), into
Guatemala.
Color. Upper parts ferrugineous, base of hairs plumbeous, under
parts white; tail naked, basal half black, remainder yellow; hands
and feet dusky.
Measurements. Total length, 403.75; tail, 207.5. Skull: occipito-
nasal length, 46; Hensel, 38; zygomatic width, 24; interorbital con-
striction, 8.6; length of nasals, 14.8; palatal length, 19.3; length of
mandible, angle to alveolus of incisor, 35; length of upper tooth
row, 8.6. .
218
TYLOMYS.
Fic. 36. TYLOMYS NUDICAUDUS.
No. 77919 U. S. Nat. Mus. Coll. Enlarged '.
LOWER TOOTH ROW.
Enlarged 6 times.
UprER TOOTH ROW.
Enlarged 6 times,
196. tumbalensis (Tylomys), Merr., Proc. Wash. Acad. Scien., II,
ILQOIL, Pp. 500.
TUMBALA RAT.
[ype locality. Tumbala, State of Chiapas, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Stat
Char. Size large; ears large, naked; tail long.
but more slender and weaker; molar
e of Chiapas, Mexico.
Genl. Skull simi-
lar to that of T. nudicaudus,
series large.
TYLOMYS. 219
Color. Above dark gray, blackish on posterior half; orbital ring
dusky; chin, breast, and patch between hind legs white; throat and
belly plumbeous tinged with fulvous; hands and feet dark brown;
tail blackish above on basal half, yellow on remainder.
Measurements. Total length, 448; tail vertebra, 234; hind
foot, 46.
197. bullaris (Tylomys), Merr., Proc. Wash. Acad. Scien., 111, 1901,
eso,
TORTLA Rat.
Type locality. Tuxtla, State of Chiapas, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Unique specimen too young for reliable characters.
Color. ‘Similar to the young of 7. nuudicaudus, but grayer;
under parts white; upper lip and patch on side of nose whitish; hands
brown; hind feet dark brown; toes white.
Measurements. Total length juv., 324; tail, 158; hind foot, 37.5.
198. watsoni (Tylomys), Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 7th Ser.,
Maewoo 7, Pp. 270.
Watson’s Rat.
Type locality. Bogava, Chiriqui, Panama. Altitude, 8,000 feet.
Genl. Char. Similar to TJ. nuudicaudus, but more rufous; size
medium; fur glossy; tail shorter than head and body.
Color. Above rufous fawn, lined with blackish; cheeks and sides
paler and more gray; space between eyes and ears black; belly and
inner side of hind limbs whitish buff; rest of under parts and inner
side of fore limbs white; tail dark on basal, white on distal half; toes
white.
Measurements. Total length, 493; tail, 243; hind foot, 38.
Skull: greatest length, 54; Hensel, 42.5; greatest breadth, 26.5;
length of nasals, 18; interorbital constriction, 10.5; palatal length
from henselion, 22.2; length of upper molar series, 8.4.
199. panamensis (Neomys), Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 4th Ser.,
Bal To7 3. p42 7.
Panama Rat.
Type locality. Panama.
Geogr. Distr. Panama, Southern Central America.
Color. Upper parts mouse color, lined with black; sides paler;
throat and under parts and inner side of arms and legs white; tail
black, tip white; hands and feet brownish; claws covered with white
hairs.
Measurements. Total length, 412.5; tail, 200.
220 OTOTYLOMYS.
46. Ototylomys.
he - M33 = 16.
l BY
Ototylomys Merr., Proc. Wash. Acad. Scien., HI, 1901, p. 561.
Type Ototylomys phyllotis Merriam.
Rat-like; ears large, thin, and naked; tail long and naked. Skull:
superciliary ridge present and reaching to occiput; bulla with axes
parallel to that of skull; width and depth equal, and no anterior
prolongation; maxillary root of zygoma notched above; anterior open-
ing of antorbital vacuity vertical; incisive foramina equal in width at
Fic. 37. OTOTYLOMYS PHYLLOTIS.
No. 1ro800s U. S. Nat. Mus. Coll. Enlarged %.
UprpER TOOTH ROW LOWER TOOTH ROW
Enlarged 7 times Enlarged 7 times.
OTOTYLOMYS. 221
both ends; mandible with angle excavated posteriorly, a backward pro-
jecting point; infracondyloid notch long and deep; coronoid process
minute; postcoronoid notch flat, nearly horizontal. (ex Merr., 1. c.)
GING IMO) hese, 7s) ed BS INI Sy
A. Ears very large; tail long as head and body,
naked, scaly.
a. Above grayish or fulvous brown. PAGE
a. saize larce: back uniform in color... ..... ., O. phyllotts 221
b.’ Size smaller; back varying in color........ O. p. pheus 221
200. phyllotis (Ototylomys), Merr., Proc. Wash. Acad. Scien., 111,
Toor, p. 562.
TunKas Rat.
Type locahity. Tunkas, Yucatan, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Similar to Tylomys in appearance; characters those
of the genus.
Color. Above grayish or fulvous brown, sometimes mixed with
black-tipped hairs; under parts and inner sides of legs white; cheeks
and about eyes fulvous; tail above brownish dusky, beneath yellowish;
hands and feet whitish; wrists and ankles dark; ears flesh color at
base, rest black.
Measurements. Total length, 303; tail, 148; hind foot, 28.
(ex Type.) Skull: occipito-nasal length, 39; Hensel, 31.8; zygomatic
width, 24.3; interorbital constriction, 5.6; length of nasals, 14;
palatal length, 15.6; length of upper molar series, 5.3; length of
mandible, angle to alveolus of incisor, 18.6.
a.—pheus (Ototylomys), Merr., Proc. Wash. Acad. Scien., I11, 1gor,
D. 503.
APAZOTE Rat.
Type locality. Apazote,near Yohaltun, State of Campeche, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Similar to O. phyllotis, but smaller; tail shorter;
colors darker.
Color. Above dark grayish brown, mixed with black, hinder
part of dorsal region dusky; anterior part of back and sides grayish
brown, tinged with fulvous; arms white; legs grayish brown; hands
and feet white; tail dark brown above, yellow beneath; ears flesh
color at base, rest black.
Measurements. Total length, 266; tail, 136; hind foot, 26.5.
(ex Type.)
The Genus *Hotocuiuus introduced here by Miller and Rehn,
Syst. Res. N. Am. Mamm., 1902, p. 89, to follow TyLomys, has no
species north of the Isthmus of Panama, and H. pilorides, Pallas, is
a native of the island of Ceylon.
222 SIGMODON.
SIGMODON contains the well-known Cotton Rats of the Southern
States and Mexico. They have a coarse, grizzled coat, harsh in feel-
ing, and a bicolor tail. There is a very close general resemblance
between the longest known species, S. jispidus, and the several races
that have been separated from it, and they are not always easy to
be distinguished, especially if the locality of a specimen is unknown.
They are rather short, thickset animals, about half the size of a fully
grown house rat, and are often found in large colonies in the localities
they frequent.
4%. Sigmodon. Cotton Rats.
l=; M=_= 16.
I—l? 33
V. Bailey. Synopsis of North America Species of Sigmodon,
Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Xv, 1902, pp. 101-116.
Sigmodon Say & Ord, Journ. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil., 1825, p. 352,
pl. xxl, figs. 5-8.
Skull short and wide, length less than twice the zygomatic width;
rostrum short, swollen; superior outline of skull arched; pointed
process of lamellar plate of maxillary nearly dividing the lower part
of the antorbital foramen from the upper; an azygos median process
on palatal arch; prominent bead on the supraorbital border extending
obliquely backwards to occiput; audital bullae small; upper molars
three-rooted; front lower molar four-rooted; second and third lower
molars three-rooted; sometimes minute accessory fangs are present;
upper molars with two reéntrant folds; the front one has two similar
interior folds, the others only one each; front lower molar has two
exterior and three interior reéntrant folds; the last two lower molars
have generally but one reéntrant lobe on each exterior and interior
side; pelage coarse, bristly; form stout; tail generally shorter than the
body; ears large; front feet small; hind feet very long, soles naked.
KEY TO THE SPECIES AND SUBSPEGIES.
A. Tail nearly bare.
a. Size small; hind foot less than 32 mm. PAGE
a.’ Under parts grayish or buffy white.
a.’ Above dull tawny soy cee. om ce cea
b.” Above yellowish brown and _ black,
tinged. with chestnut... ...........<. 5. boruaa | iam
c.’’ Above deep yellowish brown......< S.h. chiriquensts 225
d.’’ Above dark reddish brown.
rr
a.
Beneath cinnamon brown........S. h. saturatus 225
SIGMODON.
Fic. 38. SIGMODON H. BORUCZ.
No. 10050 Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. Coll. Twice nat. size.
UpPER TOOTH ROW. LOWER TOOTH ROW
Enlarged 7 times, Enlarged 7 times.
. spemeathiochraceous.: .... 4. \s.es ok S. h. furvus
e.”” Above mixed yellowish and _ black,
MOucINCRmIIE TINGE. Se Pde eeu ..5.h. toltecus
®.” Above dark dull brown...... .....9. kh. microdon
Pre NDAmCOtay OEOWIL s.. apes el od OE a es S. h. batleyt
b. Size large; hind foot 32 mm. or more.
a.’ Under parts white.
a.’ Above pale cinnamon brown......S. h. mascotensis
bo
to
204 SIGMODON.
PAGE
b:” Above yellowish oray sc. cee eas S. h. eremicus 227
c.”” Above buffy gray and black... .%.: S. h. berlandiert 227
d.’’ Above light yellowish brown......... S.h. artzone 228
e.”” Above light. brownish’ gray...) ....-s... S.h. major 228
b.” Under parts: creamy white... 2.22... < S. h. tonalensis 229
c.’ Under parts ‘grayish whites.) o.o2en<: S. h. inexoratus 229
B. Tail well haired.
a. Size small; hind foot less than 30 mm.
a.’ Under parts pale buff; above mixed
brown, ‘eray, cade: black: Uo Ase. ce ere S. minimus 230
b.’ Under parts white or whitish.
a." Above dull brownishssray. cts. 4.72 eee S. leucotis 230
b.”” Above yellowish gray, tinged with
OCGHSACEOUS! oc. eee eerste eee ie S. ochrognathus 230
c.’ Under parts pale cinnamon.
a.’ Above dark ochraceous, or light
tamer Drowns us one he ok b ebaeio ey eee S. alticola 231
b:’* Above dull tawieysdray on cctv. ees S..a. amoles 23a
b. Size large; hind foot over 30 mm.
ax (Under parts: White, axenic a sash see S. austerulus 231
b.’ Under parts ochraceous buff............S. fulvivenier 232
ce.’ Under parts dark rusty ochraceous.......S. melanotis 232
201. alleni (Sigmodom), Bailey, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Xv, 1902, p. 112.
ALLEN’s Cotton Rat.
Type locality. San Sebastian, Mascota, State of Jalisco, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Western part of State of Jalisco, and southern part
of Province of Tepic, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Hands, feet, and tail slender; colors bright.
Color. Above dull tawny; beneath white or buffy; hands and
feet yellowish brown; tail above black, beneath brownish.
Measurements. ‘‘Average of 8 adults: total length, 244; tail,
112; hind foot, 31.6. Skull of type: basal length, 29.3; nasals, 13;
zygomatic breadth, 19.3; mastoid breadth, 13; alveolar length of
upper molar series, 6.4."’ (Bailey, 1. c.)
hispidus boruce.
boruce (Sigmodon), Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1897, p.
40.
Boruca Cotton Rat.
Type locality. Boruca, Costa Rica.
Geogr. Distr. Costa Rica, Central America.
Color. Above yellowish brown, tinged with chestnut and lined
with black, paler on the sides; under parts grayish white; limbs like
stad
SIGMODON. 225
the body; feet grayish brown; tail naked, blackish above, paler
beneath.
Measurements. Total length, 275; tail, 115; hind foot, 30.
Skull: basal length, 29; zygomatic breadth, 18; length of nasals, 12;
length of upper tooth row, 5.5.
hispidus chiriquensis.
boruce chiriquensis (Sigmodon), Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.,
TOO4. Pp. 66.
BoOQUERON CoTTOoN Rat.
Type locality. Boqueron, Chiriqui, Panama.
Genl. Char. Similar to S. h. saturatus, but bulla more pyriform
and postpalatal opening much broader.
Color. Like S.h. boruce but darker; upper parts dark yellowish
brown varied with black; under parts buffy; nose and sides of upper
lip ochraceous buff.
Measurements. Total length, 280; tail vertebra, 105; hind foot,
peiear, 20.
hispidus saturatus (Sigmodon), Bailey, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xv,
1@O2, P: ITI.
Teapa Cotton Rat.
Type locality. Teapa, State of Tabasco, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. States of Chiapas, Tabasco, and southern Vera
Cruz, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Size of S. h. berlandier1; tail shorter.
Color. Above dark reddish brown; beneath dull cinnamon
brown, sometimes whitish; hands and feet yellowish brown; tail
above black, lighter below.
Measurements. Total length, 250; tail vertebrae, 103; hind foot,
31.2. Skull of type: basal length, 29.5; nasals, 12.7; zygomatic
breadth, 19; mastoid breadth, 13.5; alveolar length of upper molar
series, 6. (Bailey, |. c.)
hispidus furvus Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 1903, XXXIX, p. 158.
Ce1Ba Cotton Rat.
Type locality. Ceiba, Honduras.
Genl. Char. Similar to S. h. saturatus, but darker. Skull with
audital bulla wider and flatter, basioccipital longer and narrower.
Color. Upper parts between mummy brown and_ burnt
umber, varied with brownish, black-tipped hairs, redder on rump;
under parts ochraceous; feet and hands dark brown; tail black, the
under side slightly paler; ears blackish.
Measurements Total length, 265; tail vertebrae, 105; hind foot,
with claw, 32; ear from notch, 18. Skull: basal length, 31.4;
226 SIGMODON.
occipito-nasal length, 35.8; zygomatic width, 20.4; length of palate
to palatal notch, 16.2; length of upper molar series, 6; length of
single half mandible, 20.
hispidus toltecus.
toltecus (Hesperomys), Sauss., Rev. Mag. Zoél., 2me Sér., 1860, p.
98.
TottEec Cotton Rat.
Type locality. ‘‘Cordilleras of Vera Cruz,’’ Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Alta Mira, State of Tamaulipas, southward to
Orizaba, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Tail rarely equaling head and body; similar to
S. hispidus; soles and tail naked.
Color. Above mixed black and yellowish brown; flanks paler,
the brown color predominating; chin and under parts grayish white;
tail bicolor, above blackish, paler beneath; feet grayish brown.
Measurements. Total length, 207-235; tail, roo—146; hind foot,
17-28. Skull: basal length, 32; zygomatic breadth, 21; mastoid
breadth, 15; length of nasals, 14; length of upper tooth row, 6.7.
hispidus microdon (Stgmodon), Bailey, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xv,
fjOas Pp. ir.
SMALL-TOOTHED CoTTON Rat.
Type locality. Puerto Morelos, Yucatan.
Geogr. Distr. Northern Yucatan, and State of Campeche, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Size small; teeth small; tail short.
Color. Above dark dull brown; beneath grayish white or buffy;
tail above black, beneath brownish.
Measurements. Total length, 243; tail, 96; hind foot, 32. Skull
of type: basal length, 28.4; nasals, 12.5; zygomatic breadth, 18;
mastoid breadth, 13; alveolar length of upper molar series, 5.5.
(Bailey, 1. c.)
hispidus baileyi.
batleyt (Sigmodon), Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1903, p. 601.
BaILEY’s Cotton Rat.
Type locality. La Cienega de las Vacas, State of Durango,
Mexico. Altitude, 8,500 feet.
Genl. Char. Similar to S. h. major, but smaller.
Color. Upper parts gray brown, sides tinged with buff, with the
long hairs tipped with white or black; under parts white, basal part
of hairs plumbeous; side of nose ochraceous buff; base of tail suffused
with cinnamon buff; feet pale buffy gray; tail blackish brown above,
pale buffy gray beneath; ears dark gray.
SIGMODON. 227
Measurements. Total length, 198; tail, go; hind foot, 25; ear
from notch, 18. Skull: total length, 31.5; Hensel, 27.3; length of
nasals, 12.5; zygomatic width, 18.3; mastoid width, 13.3; alveolar
length of upper molar series, 5.6.
hispidus mascotensis.
mascotensis (Sigmodon), Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.,
1897, Pp. 54.
come Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1897, p. 55.
Mascota Cotton Rat.
Type locality. Mineral San Sebastian, Mascota, State of Jalisco,
Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Western portion of State of Jalisco to southern
part of State of Oaxaca, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Larger than S. h. berlandiert, tail longer, hind foot,
larger.
Color. Above cinnamon brown; sides paler; belly white; hands
and feet yellowish gray; tail above dark brown, sides and beneath
paler.
Measurements. Total length, 272; tail vertebre, 117; hind foot,
32. Skull: total length, 34.5; basal length, 30.4; zygomatic breadth,
19.5; mastoid breadth, 13.2; interorbital constriction, 4.8; length of
nasals, 13.5; length of upper molar series, 6.7.
hispiduws eremicus (Sigmodon), Mearns, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus.,
1897, Pp. 504.
WESTERN DeEsERT Cotton Rat.
Type locality. Cienega Well, Colorado River, State of Sonora,
Mexico, thirty miles south of Monument No. 204, Mexican boun-
dary line.
Geogr. Distr. Western Desert Tract, Lower Colorado River,
State of Sonora, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Nasals spatulate at extremity; coloring yellowish
instead of grayish.
Color. Yellowish gray, the sides and rump tinged with ochra-
ceous; under surface white; feet grayish white; tail inclined to black-
ish above.
Measurements. Total length, 280; tail vertebre, 128; hind foot,
34; ear, 15. Skull: basal length, 30.6; zygomatic breadth, 20.3;
mastoid breadth, 14; length of nasals, 13.3; length of upper molar
series, 6.6.
hispidus berlandieri.
berlandiert (Sigmodon), Baird, Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phila., vit,
1355, Da.333:
228 SIGMODON.
hispidus pallidus Mearns, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898, p. 504.
Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 145.
BERLANDIER’S Cotton Rat.
Type locality. Rio Nazas, State of Coahuilla, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Brownsville to El Paso, Texas, and Carlsbad, New
Mexico; south to southern part of State of Jalisco, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Smaller than S. lispidus texensis; ears larger, color
paler.
Color. Above buffy gray, mixed with black; under parts white;
feet grayish white; tail dusky brownish above, grayish white beneath.
Measurements. Total length, 242; tail vertebra, 103; hind foot,
30; ear, 14. Skull: basal length, 30.5; zygomatic breadth, 19; mas-
toid breadth, 13.4; length of nasals, 12.3; length of upper molar
series, 6.5.
hispidus arizone (Sigmodon), Mearns, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.,
1890, p. 287. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., rgor, p. 144.
ARIZONA COTTON Rat.
Type locality. Fort Verde, Yavapai County, Arizona.
Geogr. Distr. Arizona into State of Sonora and Lower California,
Mexico.
Genl. Char. Larger than S. hispidus; ears larger; tail longer,
colors paler.
Color. Above light yellowish brown, mixed with ashy and lined
with black; under parts white; tail dusky above, whitish below.
Measurements. Average total length, 320; tail vertebrae, 121;
hind foot, 35-36. Skull: total length, 40; zygomatic breadth, 23;
length of nasals, 15.9; length of upper molar series, 7.1.
hispidws major (Sigmodon), Bailey, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xv,
[902, P- 109.
LARGE CoTTon Rat.
Type locality. Sierra de Choix, 50 miles northeast of Choix, State
of Sinaloa, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Province of Tepic to southern part of State of
Sonora, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Very large; feet stout. Skull heavily ridged in adults;
interparietal strap-shaped, ends rounded; nasals notched posteriorly;
audital bull large, elongated.
Color. Above light brownish gray; nose yellowish; beneath
white; hands and feet light gray; tail above blackish, beneath dark
gray.
Measurements. Total length, 365; tail, 156; hind foot, 40.5.
Skull: basal length, 36; nasals, 16; zygomatic breadth, 23.5; mastoid
SIGMODON. 229
breadth, 16.4; alveolar length of upper molar series, 7.3. (Bailey,
ec.)
hispidus tonalensis (Sigmodon), Bailey, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xv,
TGO2, p.. 109.
TonaLaA Cotton Rat.
Type locality. Tonala, State of Chiapas, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Eastern part of State of Oaxaca, into western part
of State of Chiapas.
Genl. Char. Similar to S. mascotensis, but larger.
Color. Above yellowish. brown; beneath creamy white; feet and
tail dull brownish gray.
Measurements. Total length, 350; tail, 166; hind foot, 41.
Skull: basal length, 34.5; nasals, 15; zygomatic breadth, 22; mastoid
breadth, 14.5; alveolar length of upper molar series, 6.8.
Fic. XXXVIII. SIGMODON H. INEXORATUS. OCOTLAN COTTON Rat.
hispidus inexoratus (Sigmodon), Eliot, Pub. Field Columb. Mus.,
III, 1903, p. 144. Zodlogy.
OcoTLaN CoTTon Rat.
Type locality. Ocotlan, State of Jalisco, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Size large. Skull with infraorbital foramina oblong
and narrow; frontal region broad.
Color. Above mixed creamy buff and black; sides paler cream
buff, as are also the arms, hands, and thighs; hind feet gray; under
parts grayish white; tail nearly naked, blackish above, whitish
beneath; ears dark brown or blackish.
Measurements. Total length, type, 310; tail vertebra, 146;
hind foot, 36. Skull: total length, 37; Hensel, 31; zygomatic width,
20; mastoid widthw15; median palatal length, 8; length of incisive
foramen, 7; upper tooth row, 7; lower tooth row, 7.
230 SIGMODON.
202. minimus (Sigmodon), Mearns, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xvi,
1894, p. 130. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 146.
Least Cotton Rat.
Type locality. Northern boundary line between New Mexico
and Mexico, too miles west of the Initial Monument in Grant County,
on the west bank of the Rio Grande.
Geogr. Distr. Northern Mexico and southern New Mexico and
Arizona.
Genl. Char. Darker in color and hair more bristly than S. h.
texensis; ears, feet, and tail thickly covered with hair; tail indis-
tinctly bicolor.
Color. Above mixed brown, gray, and black; beneath pale buff;
tail brownish black; feet yellowish gray.
Measurements. Total length, 223; tail, 94; hind foot, 28; ear
above crown, 14. Skull of type: basal length, 28.5; nasals, 11.3;
zygomatic breadth, 1g; mastoid breadth, 14; alveolar length of upper
molar series, 5.9.
203. leucotis (Sigmodon), Bailey, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xv, 1902,
Pens.
WHITE-EARED Cotton Rat.
Type locality. Valparaiso Mountains, State of Zacatecas, Mexico.
Altitude, 8,700 feet.
Geogr. Distr. IKknown only from the type locality.
Genl. Char. Size medium; tail short, hairy. Skull heavily ridged
along sides; interparietal narrow with a median suture; no median
ridge on supraoccipital; nasals short; bulla oval.
Color. Above dull brownish gray; under parts whitish; hands
and feet brownish gray; tail black, brownish at base beneath; ears
whitish gray.
Measurements. Average of 8 adult topotypes: total length, 234;
tail vertebre, g1; hind foot, 29.4. Skull of type: basal length, 31;
nasals, 11.4; zygomatic breadth, 20.5; mastoid width, 15; alveolar
length of upper molar series, 6. (Bailey, 1. c.)
204. ochrognathus (Sigmodon), Bailey, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xv,
tOO2; po DLS:
OCHRACEOUS-FACED Cotton Rat.
Type locality. Chisos Mountains, Brewster County, Texas. Alti-
tude, 8,000 feet.
Geogr. Distr. Chisos Mountains, Texas, to Parral, State of
Chihuahua, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Size small; tail long, hairy. Skull: interparietal with
a posterior indentation; nasals short, wide, and truncate posteriorly.
t
SIGMODON. 231
Color. Above yellowish gray, tinged about ears, face, and rump
with ochraceous; nose, orbital ring, and base of tail bright ochraceous;
beneath white; hands and feet buffy gray; tail above blackish,
beneath buffy gray.
Measurements. Total length, 260; tail, 117; hind foot, 29.
Skull of type: basal length, 28; nasals, 11.6; zygomatic breadth, 19;
mastoid breadth, 13; alveolar length of upper molar series, 5.5.
(Bailey, 1. c.)
205. alticola (Sigmodon), Bailey, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xv, 1902,
p. 116.
ALPINE CoTTON Rat.
Type locality. Cerro San Felipe, State of Oaxaca, Mexico.
Altitude, 10,000 feet.
Geogr. Distr. Mountains of State of Oaxaca, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Size medium; tail hairy; pelage long and soft.
Skull: similar to that of S. leucotis; lateral pits of palate very shallow.
Color. Above dark ochraceous or light umber brown; beneath
pale cinnamon brown; hands and feet’ yellowish gray; tail black,
yellowish brown at base beneath; ears gray.
Measurements. Total length, 230; tail, ror; hind foot, 28.5.
Skull of type: basal length, 28.5; nasals, 11; zygomatic breadth, 17.8;
mastoid breadth, 13.5; alveolar length of upper molar series, 6.3.
(Bailey, 1. c.)
a.—amoles (Sigmodon), Bailey, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xv, 1902,
Deb.
AMOLES CoTTon Rat.
Type locality. Pinal de Amoles, State of Queretaro, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Known only from type locality.
Genl. Char. Similar to S. alticola. Skull wider, smaller bulle,
and lateral pits of palate deeper, and interparietal without median
division.
Color. Like S. alticola, but upper parts duller and less tawny.
Measurements. Total length, 252; tail vertebre, 105; hind foot,
29.5. Skull of type: basal length, 29.5; nasals, 5.7; zygomatic
breadth, 19.6; mastoid breadth, 14; alveolar length of upper molar
peries, 6.3. (Bailey, 1. c.)
206. austerulus (Sigmodon), Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., xxx1x,
1902, Doe 2.
VOLCAN DE CuHrIRIQUI CoTTon Rat.
Type locality. ® Volcan de Chiriqui, Chiriqui, Panama. Altitude,
10,000 feet
232 SIGMODON.
Genl. Char. Similar to S.h. boruce, tail longer, well haired;
color paler.
Color. Above cinnamon brown, dorsal region darker; rump
shaded with russet; under parts white washed. with pale buff; tail
above dusky, beneath gray; hands and feet yellowish gray; ears gray.
Measurements. Total length, 260; tail vertebra, 120; hind foot,
2;ear, 17. Skull: mastoid width, 14.8; length of upper molar series,
6; length of mandible, 19.2.
207. fulviventer (Sigmodon), Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.,
1889, p. 180.
FULVOUS-BELLIED Cotton Rar.
Type locahty. Zacatecas, State of Zacatecas, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. States of Zacatecas and Durango, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Similar to S. hispidus, but paler, and under parts
ochraceous buff instead of white.
Color. Above yellowish brown mixed with black, darkest on
median line; under parts ochraceous buff; arms and legs buffy; hands
and feet yellowish gray; tail blackish, mixed with gray.
Measurements. Total length, 270; tail vertebra, 108; hind foot,
33. (ex Type.) Skull of type; base broken: total length over inci-
sors, 35.5; nasals, 13; zygomatic breadth, 21.5; alveolar length of
upper molar series, 6.3.
208. melanotis (Szgmodon), Bailey, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xv,
TOO2; 'p.. 114.
BLACK-EARED CoTtTon Rat.
Type locality. Patzcuaro, State of Michoacan, Mexico. Alti-
tude, 7,000 feet.
Geogr. Distr. Known from type locality only.
Color. Above dark ochraceous, lined with black; beneath dark
~\s
rusty ochraceous; hands and feet yellowish brown; tail black, yel- -
lowish beneath at base; ears black.
Measurements. Type: total length, 275; tail, roo; hind foot, 31.
Skull: basal length, 31.4; nasals, 12.2; zygomatic breadth, 20.5;
mastoid breadth, 14.5; alveolar length of upper molar series, 6.3.
(Bailey, 1. c.)
The Rice Rats of the genus Oryzomys are, in a number of the
species, among the largest of the Muride, with long, scantily haired
tails and long hind feet. They are mostly dwellers of tropical regions,
and in the United States are found only in the coast region of the
ORYZOMYS. 233
eastern and southeastern portions; but in Mexico some are met with
at 10,000 feet elevation, and these forms are provided with a woolly
covering to protect them from the cold of such high altitudes.
48. Oryzomys. Rice Rats.
=; eS
of : =a Ol
C. H. Merriam. Synopsis of the Rice Rats (Genus Oryzomys) of the
United States and Mexico, Proc. Wash. Acad. Scien., 111, 1901, p. 273.
Oryzomys Baird, N. Am. Mamm., 1857, p. 458. Type Mus palus-
tris Harlan.
Oligoryzomys Bangs, Proc. N. Eng. Zodl. Club, 1, 1900, p. 94, pl.
Rar t OM
‘Form rat-like; ears nearly buried in the fur; hairs of body
coarse; tail longer than head and body; the hairs longest on the
FiG. 39. ORYZOMYS COSTARICENSIS.
Nos 7963 Am Mus, Nat. Hist. Coll. Twice nat. size.
UPPER TOOTH ROW. LOWER TOOTH ROW.
Enlarged io times. Enlarged to times.
234 ORYZOMYS.
under surface; hind feet very long; soles naked, with six tubercles,
all very small except the posterior, which is very long and narrow;
upper margin of the orbit raised into a compressed crest, as in Sig-
modon.”’ (Baird, l. c.)
KEY TO: THE, SPECIES:
A. Fur coarse; tail longer than head and body;
hind feet very long. ‘‘ Upper margin of
orbit raised into a compressed crest.”’
a. Under parts white. PAGE
a.’ Above yellowish fulvous and black......... O. nelsont 235
b.’ Above ochraceous and black.
a./’ Tail above dusky, whitish below....... O. albiventer 236
b.” Tail above brown, paler brown |
DGMEABNS ts rs 7 i eeremedecee ten oe O. crinitus aztecus 245
ec; Above ochraceous fulvoliss. 2... 6<. os O. yucatanensis 236
b. Under parts grayish white.
a.’ Above tawny ochraceous lined with
BUGIS oe a crt ony d he Ge ee ek, Se eee O. panamensis 241.
b.’ Above mottled blackish brown.......... O. talamance 241
Gc, Above rusty brownandpolack>:.2/5 «. vous O. alfart 242
ec. Under parts whitish, or tinged with salmon
or buff.
By Above pale prawish . oc) sec nae kek ee O. peninsule 236
b.’ Above reddish brown and black.:........... O. couest 236
c.’ Above mixed deep rufous and black...... O. palatinus 237
dy Above dark’ rurous brown: i. och te eee O. hylocetes 237
e.’ Above grizzled fulvous and black......... O. rhabdops 237
f.’ Above dark fulvous and black, small..... O. chapmant 238
g.’ Above dark fulvous and black, large....O. ¢. caudatus 238
h.’ Above fulvous and black, paler.......... O. c. dilutior 238
i.’ Above blackish and fulvous........... O. c. saturatior 239
j. Above chestnut brown Js. 9.2... .<<c-s een ee O. bullert 239
k.’ Above ‘deep. Gull fubvots=*. i: nee ee O. rufus 239
1.’ Above bright fulvous; beneath tinged
Wath PAW a/1 5 a5 ae ree eee O. fulgens 240
m.’ Above dark fulvous; under parts grayish
WITS oe Rey a Cae ek oe ee O. molestus 240
n.’ Above pale fulvous and black......... O. zygomaticus 241
0. Above pragish bistre, nea aes eee O. cozumele 241
d. Under parts buffy white.
a.’ Above fulvous brown lined with black. ..O. mexicanus 242
ORYZOMYS. ; 235
b.’ Above grayish brown heavily lined with PAGE
follife) See oat, Sar nee. te ee a O. m. peragrus 243
eee OW Ge CUZ BSC TUTOUME. 7. lim nee dee ose o is O. melanotis 243
d.’ Above ochraceous fulvous, lined with
(LITLE FEN Gs eee aia Se Reka ay gs nar ee O. rostratus 243
e. Above deep fulvous and black.......... O. r. megadon 243
iy ve llove gq: talib) ec) 0) 5 t= hen enema a en ne O. victus 244
PND OW CUSED IDMOW I divs aa! tans vciiwek vd ebs O. devius 244 -
e. Under parts buff.
Seem LIU Ys UUUVIOUNG ste c: tidir sph s/30c10 ave waren ys O. crimius 245
Pee DO We: ba Wily MUROUS Hora se guag wat a nds dae au O. tectus 245
c.’ Above mixed fulvous and black.
ELON AMD Mecale oa cc Sapte wh leans utp’ O. angusticeps 245
lok ARS RASA neti 20h ala A Re en O. goldmani 246
d.’ Above dark brown tinged with yellowish.
rs UMICLON PALES MONON ty eine pbs wk acaus ee O. jalape 246
Bee WmiGer WATE POTANe nbik ave ib isde ae 0 4 O. 7. apatelius 246
e “Above dark fulvous and black.........4.. O. 7. rufinus 24%
f. Under parts buffy fulvous. :
Gh eX DOVE OTIZZICd DIStTE. Ss nas viokse seceeds O. teapensis 247
g. Under parts deep buff.
a.’ Above yellowish brown to yellowish
RU MULer mea Tyvek Go NRE Ee aise o bic ees O. costaricensts 249
b.’ Above bright yellowish red brown.......... O. vegetus 249
h. Under parts yellowish; above rufous, sparsely lined with
io Ls ued La eRe ack ee fe O. antillarum 247
i. Under parts ochraceous fulvous; above grizzled yellowish
MOlvOus limed with Dial. Ack ca cd els ca es O. richmondt 248
j. Under parts yellowish fulvous; above yellowish fulvous
Mins Hci neal 0) ie) atk eae ee ea O. fulvescens 248-
209. nelsoni (Oryzomys), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., x11, 1898,
De Us.
Maria Mapre Isianp Rice Rat.
Type locality. Maria Madre Island, Tres Marias Islands, State of
Jalisco, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Tres Marias Islands, State of Jalisco, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Larger than O. mexicanus; tail very long, naked.
Color. Above yellowish fulvous, lined with black on head and
back; flanks and thighs buffy ochraceous; under parts white; tail
dark brown, yellowish beneath at base.
Measurements.* Total length, 342; tail vertebra, 190; hind
foot, 38.
236 ORYZOMYS.
210. albiventer (Oryzomys), Merr., Proc. Wash. Acad. Scien., 11,
IQOI, Pp. 279.
WHITE-BELLIED Rice Rat.
Type locality. Ameca, State of Jalisco, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. State of Jalisco, Mexico; extent of range unknown.
Genl. Char. Size large; ear short; under parts white; molars large.
Color. Above ochraceous, lined with black; under parts white;
tail dusky above, whitish below.
Measurements. Total length, 295; tail vertebre, 162; hind
foot, 37.3.
211. yucatanensis (Oryzomys), Merr., Proc. Wash. Acad. Scien., 111,
IQOL, p. 294.
CHICHEN Itza Rice Rat.
Type locality. Chichen Itza, Yucatan, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Yucatan, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Similar to O. melanotis, but without white cheek
patch. Skull: superciliary beads distinct; incisive foramina short;
molars small.
Color. Above ochraceous fulvous, extending to and including
sides of face to nose; head and back lined with black; beneath white;
tail yellowish beneath, dusky above; ears fulvous brown. ;
Measurements. Total length, 235; tail vertebre, 119; hind
foot, 32.
212. peninsulz (Oryzomys), Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 6th Ser.,
XX, 1897, p. 548.
Lower CALIFORNIA RIcE Rat.
Type locality. Santa Anita, Lower California, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Cape Region, Lower California, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Size large; fur woolly; tail thinly haired.
Color. Head and back anteriorly pale grayish, grading into dull
fulvous on rump; under parts whitish; hands and feet silvery white;
tail brown above, whitish below; ear pale brown.
Measurements. Total length, 298; tail vertebra, 150; hind foot,
34; ear, 18. Skull: basilar length, 27.3; greatest breadth, 18.7;
length of nasals, 13; width, 3.9; length of upper molar series, 5;
length of palatine foramen, 7; width, 3.
213. couesi (Hesperomys), Alston, Proc. Zoél. Soc., 1876, p. 756.
couest (Oryzomys), Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 6th Ser., 1893,
Pp.’ 403.
Coves’ Rice Rat.
Type locality. Coban, Guatemala.
Geogr. Distr. State of Chiapas into Guatemala, Central America.
ORYZOMYS, 237
Genl. Char. Ears small, rounded; hind feet large; tail long, scaly ;
pelage harsh.
Color. Above reddish brown mixed with black; flanks pale
rufous; under parts whitish; breast washed with rufous; tail almost
unicolor, paler beneath; hands and feet grayish.
Measurements. Total length, 276; tail vertebre, 149; hind
foot, 28.
214. palatinus (Oryzomys), Merr., Proc. Wash. Acad. Scien., 111,
IQOI, p. 290.
TaBASCAN Rice Rar.
Type locality. Teapa, State of Tabasco, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Size small; similar to O. chapmant, but more reddish
generally. Skull light, slender; supraorbital bead barely perceptible;
outer sides of zygomata parallel; incisive foramina separated by a
broad septum.
Color. Above mixed deep rufous and black; sides and cheeks
pale rufous; beneath whitish; hind feet whitish; tail dark above,
paler beneath.
Measurements. Total length, 209; tail vertebre, 106; hind
foot, 25.
215. hylocetes (Oryzomys), Merr., Proc. Wash. Acad. Scien., 111,
TG01, Pp. 201.
MarsuH Rice Rat.
Type locality. Chicharras, State of Chiapas, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Small; ears large; similar to O. palatinus. Skull:
nasals flat, truncate anteriorly.
Color. Above dark rufous brown, beneath whitish; hind feet
dark; ears and tail blackish.
Measurements. Total length, 217; tail vertebre, 118; hind
foot, 27.
216. rhabdops (Oryzomys), Merr., Proc. Wash. Acad. Scien., 11
TOOL; D.2or.
STRIPED-FACE Rice Rat.
Type locality. Calel, Guatemala. Altitude, 10,000 feet.
Geogr. Distr. State of Chiapas, Mexico, into Guatemala, Central
America.
Genl. Char. Medium size; ears large. Skull: zygomata ‘‘squar-
ish,’’ spreading.
Color. Above grizzled fulvous and black; sides and cheeks paler;
beneath whitish» side of nose pale fulvous; streak from nose to eye
blackish; tail dusky brown above, yellowish beneath; ears blackish.
u
238 ORYZOMYS.
Measurements. Total length, 255; tail vertebre, 141; hind
foot, 29.5.
217. chapmani (Oryzomys), Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 7th
Ser., I, 1898, p. 179.
CHAPMAN’S Rice Rat.
Type locality. Jalapa, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. State of Vera Cruz, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Size small. Skull small; nasals narrow posteriorly;
palatal foramina reaching nearly to anterior margin of the first upper
molar.
Color. Upper parts dark fulvous and black, blacker on back;
beneath whitish, strongly suffused with slate; ears shining black;
wrists and ankles suffused with smoky brown; tail bicolor, blackish
above, paler below.
Measurements. Total length, 121; tail vertebre, 116; hind foot,
24; ear, 19. Skull: basal length, 21.6; basilar length, 19.8; greatest
breadth, 13.8; interorbital constriction, 4.3; length of nasals, 10.4;
breadth across squamosals, 11.4; palatal length, 11.5; length of
upper molar series, 3.7.
a.—caudatus (Oryzomys), Merr., Proc. Wash. Acad. Scien., 111,
TOOL, D260.
LONG-TAILED Rice Rat.
Type locality. Comaltepec, State of Oaxaca, Mexico.
Genl. Char. ‘‘Similar to O.chapmant, but larger, tail much
longer; color slightly darker. Skull larger and heavier, with longer
rostrum and broader nasals.’”’ (Merr., 1. c.)
Color. Above dark fulvous and black, darkest on dorsal region;
sides paler; under parts grayish white; tail above blackish brown,
beneath paler, becoming grayish towards base; hands and feet flesh
color; ears black.
Measurements. Total length, 257; tail vertebre, 141; hind
foot, 30.
b.—dilutior (Oryzomys), Merr., Proc. Wash. Acad. Scien., 111,
IQOI, p. 290.
PaLE Rice Rat.
Type locality. WHuauchinango, State of Puebla, Mexico.
Genl. Char: “Similar to O. chapmani, but slightly paler; hind
foot longer. Rostrum and nasals broader; rostrum more swollen at
base; anterior root of zygoma heavier.”’
Color. Above rufous and black, darkest on dorsal line; sides
inclining to yellowish brown; under parts white, tinged with buff;
ORYZOMYS. 239
tail black above, pale brown beneath; hands and feet flesh color,
covered sparsely with white hairs; ears black.
Measurements. Total length, 223; tail vertebre, 117; hind
foot, 28.
c.—saturatior (Oryzomys), Merr., Proc. Wash. Acad. Scien., 11,
IQOl, p. 290.
TUMBALA RICE Rat.
Type locality. Tumbala, State of Chiapas, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Similar to O. chapmant, but decidedly darker, par-
ticularly on top of head and middle of back, which are blackish,
slightly ‘“‘peppered’’ with fine points of fulvous; under parts soiled
buffy, in some specimens salmon; cheeks fulvous; ears, hind feet,
and tail blackish.
Measurements. Total length, 218; tail vertebre, 120; hind
foot, 25.5.
218. bulleri (Oryzomys), Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1897,
P- 53-
BuLLER’s Rice Rat.
Type locality. Valle de Banderas, Territorio de Tepic, State of
Jalisco, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. States of Jalisco and Colima, Mexico; limits un-
known.
Genl. Char. Similar to O. couest, but darker. Rostrum slender.
Color. Upper parts chestnut brown mixed with black; side ochra-
ceous; under parts buffy white; ears brown; tail above brownish,
vellowish below; hands and feet whitish.
Measurements. Total length, 242; tail vertebre, 127; hind foot,
ey ear, 11. Skull: total length, 27.8; basal length, 23; zygomatic
preadth, 15; interorbital constriction, 4.5; length of nasals, 10.2;
palatal length, 11; width of braincase, 12.5; length of upper tooth
row, 4.6.
219. rufus (Oryzomys), Merr., Proc. Wash. Acad. Scien., 11, rgor,
p.287.
Rurous Rice Rat.
Type locality. Santiago, Territorio de Tepic, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Similar to O. bulleri, but smaller; pelage more red.
Color. Above deep fulvous, extending to head, mixed with scat-
tering black hairs; under parts soiled white; tail dusky above, paler
below.
Measurements. Total length, 250; tail vertebre, 136; hind
foot, 28.
240 ORYZOMYS.
220. fulgens (Oryzomys), Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 6th Ser.,
LOQ3; Ds 404.
SHINING RicE Rat.
Type locality. Unknown. ‘Mexico.’
Genl. Char. Size large; fur coarse, woolly; ears small; tail long.
Color. Above bright fulvous; under parts whitish, tinged with
fawn; outer side of limbs hke back, inner side whitish; hands and
feet silvery fawn; tail blackish above, yellowish below.
Measurements. Total length, 301; tail, 151; hind foot, 37.5; ear
from notch, 13.3. Skull: zygomatic breadth, 17.8; length of nasals,
13.2; interorbital constriction, 4.8; length of palatine foramen, 7.3;
length of upper molar series, 5.2. (Thomas, l. c.)
Fig. XXXIX. ORYZOMYS MOLESTUS. OCOTLAN RICE RAT.
221. molestus (Oryzomys), Elliot, Pub. Field Columb. Mus., 0,
1903, p. 145. Zodlogy.
OcoTtLan Rice Rat.
Type locality. Ocotlan, State of Jalisco, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Size large; ears small; tail very long; color beneath
uniform. Skull about half as broad as long; supraorbital beads diver-
ging posteriorly from least interorbital width in almost straight lines,
unlike those of O. julgens; palatal arch with an azygos central point;
palatine foramina very long and broad.
Color. Above dark fulvous; flanks pale buff; forehead darker
than back; under parts grayish white, with a nearly pure white
pectoral spot; limbs like back; hands and feet grayish; tail nearly
naked, pale brown above, lighter beneath; ears pale brown.
Measurements. Total length, 325; tail vertebre, 170; hind foot,
38. Skull: greatest length, 35; Hensel, 28; zygomatic width, 18;
mastoid width, 14; length of nasals, 14; width of rostrum, 6; inter-
orbital constriction, 6; palatal length, 7; length of upper tooth row, 6.
ORYZOMYS. 241
222. zygomaticus (Oryzomys), Merr., Proc. Wash. Acad. Scien., 11,
EQOT, Pp: 255:
GUATEMALAN RIcE Rat.
Type locality. Nenton, Guatemala.
Geogr. Distr. Guatemala.
Genl. Char. Size medium; hind feet large. Skull: superciliary
ridges strongly developed and everted; zygomata curving down-
ward below level of posterior root.
Color. Above pale fulvous, lined with black on dorsal portion;
under parts white, suffused with buff.
Measurements. Total length, 290; tail vertebra, 152; hind
FOOL, 33.
223. cozumelz (Oryzomys), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xiv,
THOT, P. 103.
CozuMEL Istanp Rice Rat.
Type locality. Cozumel Island, Yucatan, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Size large, similar to O. aquaticus. Skull: braincase
broad posteriorly, carrying lateral beads outwards.
Color. Above grayish bistre; sides and rump suffused with pale
fulvous; beneath whitish to pale salmon; tail dusky above, paler
beneath; ears dark brown.
Measurements. Total length, 332; tail vertebre, 182; hind
Hoot, 35.
224. panamensis (Oryzomys), Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 7th
Der, VIll,-TO0n, Dp. 252:
PanaMA Rice Rat.
Type locality. Near city of Panama, Panama.
Genl. Char. Size large; tail about equal to head and body; fur
soft. Skull: supraorbital ridges without heavy beads; molars
small, narrow.
Color. Upper parts tawny ochraceous, lined with black; sides
lighter; under parts grayish; outer sides of arms and legs gray; tail
brown above, white below; hands and feet whitish; ears brown.
Measurements. Total length, 261; tail, 130; hind foot, 28.5; ear,
18. Skull: tip of nasals to front of interparietal, 28.5; zygomatic
breadth, 16.4; interorbital constriction, 5; length of nasals, 12.5;
length of upper molar series, 4.2.
225. talamancez (Oryzomys), Allen, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., xiv, 1891,
Pp- 193.
TALAMANCA RICE®RAT.
Type locality. Talamanca, Costa Rica.
242 ORYZOMYS.
Geogr. Distr. Costa Rica, Central America.
Genl. Char. Ears large; soles naked; tubercles, 6; tail long as
head and body.
Color. Above mixed russet and blackish brown; cheeks, sides of
head, and flanks yellow brown; under parts grayish white; tail naked,
above blackish, beneath dark brown; hands and feet pale yellowish
gray; ears naked, blackish.
Measurements. Total length, 228.6; tail vertebrae, 114.3; hind
foot, 30.8; ear from crown, 13.7. Skull: basal length, 28.5; total
length, 31.2; greatest breadth, 15.8; interorbital constriction, 5.3;
length of nasals, 12.7; palatal length, 16; length of upper molar
series, 51.
226. alfari (Hesperomys), Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1891,
pe ard.
ALFARO’S RIcE Rat.
Type locality. San Carlos, Costa Rica, Central America.
Geogr. Distr. Costa Rica, Central America.
Genl. Char. Tail longer than head and body; ears rather long;
hind foot long; soles naked.
Color. Above rusty brown and black; sides of head and body
more rufous; beneath ashy white; tail naked, blackish brown above,
paler beneath; feet yellowish.
Measurements. Total length, 184; tail, 88.9; hind foot, 23.4; ear
from crown, 10.2. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 24.5; Hensel, 18.5;
zygomatic width, 13; interorbital constriction, 5; length of nasals, 10;
palatal length, 10; length of upper tooth row, 3.2; length of mandible,
8; length of lower tooth row, 4.
227. mexicanus (Oryzomys), Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1897,
pe B2.
ToniLta Rice Rat.
Type locality. Hacienda San Marcos, Tonila, State of Jalisco, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. State of Sinaloa, southern part, south to Isthmus
of Tehuantepec, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Similar to O. palustris; size medium; hind feet large.
Postpalatal border of nares V-shaped.
Color. Above fulvous brown, lined with black, sides paler; under
parts grayish white, sometimes suffused with buff; tail naked, dusky
above, paler below.
Measurements. Total length, 279; tail vertebra, 142; hind foot,
30. Skull: total length, 27.8; basal length, 23; zygomatic width, 15;
interorbital constriction, 4.5; width of braincase, 12.5; length of
nasals, 10.2; palatal length, 11; length of upper tooth row, 4.6.
ORYZOMYS. 243
a.—perasrus (Oryzomys), Merr., Proc. Wash. Acad. Scien., 111,
LOOL, p. 283.
WANDERING Rice Rat.
Type locality. Rio Verde, State of San Luis Potosi, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Similar to O. mexicanus, but grayer and tail longer.
Color. Above grayer than O. mexicanus, heavily lined with black ;
under parts buffy, deeper than in O. mexicanus; tail bicolor.
Measurements. Total length, 294; tail vertebra, 167; hind
FOOL, 35.
228. melanotis (Oryzomys), Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 6th
per, Xl, 1893, p. 404.
BLACK-EARED RIcE Rat.
Type locality. Mineral San Sebastian, State of Jalisco, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. State of Jalisco, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Size small, slender; tail long, scantily haired.
Color. Upper parts grizzled rufous, brightest on rump and sides;
whitish cheek patch between eye and mouth; under parts buffy
white; ears black; hands and feet white; tail above blackish, beneath
yellowish white.
Measurements. Total length, 224; tail, 127; hind foot, 28; ear
from notch, 18. Skull: basal length, 25.1; zygomatic width, 15.2;
length of nasals, 12; interorbital constriction, 5.1; width of brain-
case, 12.8; length of interparietal, 3.4; breadth of interparietal, 10;
palatal length, 15.5; length of palatine foramen, 5.8; length of upper
molar series, 4.3.
229. rostratus (Oryzomys), Merr., Proc. Wash. Acad. Scien., 11,
LOOT, p. 203.
BROAD-NOSED RIcE Rat.
Type locality. Metlaltoyuca, State of Puebla, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Eastern Mexico, from State of Puebla to Isthmus
of Tehuantepec.
Genl. Char. Similar to O. melanotis; pelage coarse. Skull large,
long, flat; rostrum long, swollen at base; nasals broad, flat; super-
ciliary bead moderate.
Color. Above ochraceous fulvous, lined with black; beneath
buffy white; tail above dark brown, under side yellowish; ears dark
brown.
Measurements. Total length, 277; tail vertebra, 141; hind
iO, 32.5.
a.—megadon (Ofyzomys), Merr., Proc. Wash. Acad. Scien., 111, rgor,
Pp. 294.
244 ORYZOMYS.
TEAPA Rice Rat.
Type locality. Teapa, State of Tabasco, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Stateof Tabasco westward probably to State of Puebla.
Genl. Char. Similar to O. rostratus, but smaller and more red;
and is distinguishable from QO. melanotis by its darker color and
larger hind foot.
Color. Above deep fulvous lined with black, darkest on median
line; sides yellowish brown; under parts grayish white, with a buff
tinge; tail black above, whitish beneath; thighs plumbeous; hands
and feet flesh color; ears dark brown.
Measurements. Total length, 272; tail vertebre, 140; hind foot, 31.
230. victus (Oryzomys), Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 7th Ser.,
T,, FAQ, D7 7:
ST. VINCENT Rice Rat.
Type locality. Island of St. Vincent, Lesser Antilles.
Genl. Char. Molars large and stout; palate ending close to pos-
terior edge of third upper molar; braincase lengthened; parietal
ridges developed.
Color. Above dark rufous; beneath buffy white; no orbital ring;
tail brown above, paler below, nearly naked; hands and feet silvery
white; ears brown.
Measurements. Total length, 217; tail, 121; hind foot, 26.7; ear,
14. Skull: basilar length, 21.4; basal length, 23.8; greatest breadth,
15.1; length of nasals, 11.2; interorbital constriction, 4.5; palatal
length from henselion, 12.3; length of upper molar series, 4.1.
231. devius (Oryzomys), Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., XXxIx, 1902,
Pp. 34-
LONELY RicE Rat.
Type locality. Boquete, Chiriqui, Panama. Altitude, 5,000 feet.
Genl. Char. Like O. childi, ex Colombia, but under parts white
and fulvous.
Color. Upper parts russet brown; dorsal region darker; orbital
region black; under side of head and neck grayish white; pectoral
and ventral patch white; tail above dusky, beneath grayish; hands
and feet yellowish white; ears large, black.
Measurements. Total'length, 335-360; tail vertebra, 165-195;
hind foot, 33-36; ear, 22-23. Skull: basal length, 31.6; occipito-
nasal length, 36; zygomatic width, 18; mastoid width, 13.8; inter-
orbital width, 5.6; length of nasals, 14.2; width of nasals, 3.8; length
of palatal slits, 5.6; width of palatal slits, 2.6; length of palate to
palatal notch, 15.6; upper molar series, 5.4; length of single half
mandible, 20. (Bangs, l. c.)
——
ORYZOMYS. 245
232. crinitus (Oryzomys), Merr., Proc. Wash. Acad. Nat. Scien., 111,
1OOr; p. 261.
LONG-HAIRED RIcE Rat.
Type locality. Tlalpam, Federal District, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Large; hind feet long; ears short. Skull resembling
that of O. ¢c. aztecus Merr.
Color. Above buffy fulvous, darkest on rump, and lined with
black; chin, throat, and forelegs whitish; rest of under parts buffy;
tail dusky above, yellowish below.
Measurements. Total length, 307; tail vertebrez, 161; hind foot, 37.
a.—aztecus (Oryzomys), Merr., Proc. Wash. Acad. Scien., 11, rgor,
p-. 282.
Aerec Rick Rat.
Type locality. Yautepec, State of Morelos, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Southeastern Mexico, from States of Morelos and
Puebla to Isthmus of Tehuantepec.
Genl. Char. Skull: nasals and zygomata slender, the latter bowed
downward; palatal slits broadly open posteriorly. Under parts white.
Color. Above ochraceous, sparsely lined with black; under parts
white; tail brownish above, paler beneath.
Measurements. Total length, 290; tail vertebre, 154; hind foot, 35.
233. tectus (Oryzomys), Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., vi, 1901,
esr:
Bocava Rice Rat.
Type locality. _Bogava, Chiriqui, Panama. Altitude, 800 feet.
Genl. Char. Size large; tail longer than head and body. Skull
has the supraorbital ridges overhanging and expanded; frontal region
concave; muzzle heavy; palatal foramina not reaching level of molars.
Color. Above tawny rufous, slightly lined with black; sides
inclining to ochraceous; upper lip fulvous; chin white; under parts
buffy; hands and feet pale buff; tail brown above, white below; ears
with ochraceous tuft at base.
Measurements. Total length, 282; tail, 142; hind foot, 29.5; ear,
18. Skull: tip of nasals to back of interparietal, 33; greatest breadth,
17; interorbital constriction, 6.5; length of nasals, 11.6; palatal length,
13.8; length of upper molar series, 4.9.
234. angusticeps (Oryzomys), Merr., Proc. Wash. Acad. Scien., 111,
IQOI, p. 292.
SANTA Marta VoLcaNno Rice Rat.
Type locality. Volcan Santa Maria, Guatemala. Altitude, 9,000 feet.
Geogr. Distr. Guatemala, Central America.
246 ORYZOMYS.
Genl. Char. Similar to O. rhabdops. Ears large. Skull long and
narrow; nasals very long; no superorbital bead; teeth small.
Color. Above mixed fulvous and black; beneath buffy; tail above
blackish, paler on basal half beneath; ears blackish.
Measurements. Total length, 245; tail vertebre, 134; hind foot,
29.
235. goldmani (Oryzomys), Merr., Proc. Wash. Acad. Scien., Itt,
Igor, p. 288.
GOLDMAN’S Rice Rat.
Type locality. Coatzacoalcos, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Size small; ears large; taillong. Skull narrow; super-
ciliary bead slight; nasals broad; bulla and molars large.
Color. Above mixed fulvous and black; beneath buff; tail above
dusky, beneath paler.
Measurements. Total length, 233; tail vertebrz, 124; hind foot,
30.
236. jalapze (Oryzomys), Allen & Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat.
Hist., 1897, p. 206.
JavLapa Rice Rat.
Type locality. Jalapa, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. State of Vera Cruz and northwestern parts of State
of Puebla, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Similar to O. mexicanus, but buff beneath.
Color. Above dark brown tinged with yellowish and lined with
black; indistinct dorsal band; chin and throat grayish white; under
parts varying from pale buff or whitish buff to deep buff; tail above
dark brown, below paler; hands and feet pale grayish brown.
Measurements. Total length, 278; tail vertebre, 140; hind foot,
30; ear, 18. Skull: total length, 32; basal length, 227; zygomatic
width, 16; width of braincase, 12.4; interorbital constriction, 5;
length of nasals, 13.4; palatal length, 13; length of upper molar
series, 4.5. (ex Type.)
a.—apateliws (Oryzomys), Elhot, Pub. Field Columb. Mus., 111, 1904,
p. 200.
DECEITFUL Rice Rat.
Type locality. San Carlos, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico.
Gen. Char. Similar to O. jalape in color on upper parts, grayish
buff beneath; tail shorter, hind foot longer. Skull with longer and
narrower braincase, zygomatic width less, nasals longer; anterior
palatine foramina longer, mastoid width less; mandible more slender,
narrower between angle and condyle.
ORYZOMYS. 247
Color. Above yellowish brown lined with black, darkest on dorsal
region; chin and throat pale gray; rest of under parts gray tinged
with buff; tail distinctly bicolor, above black, beneath yellowish white,
naked; hands and feet buffy white; ears dark brown.
Measurements. Total length, 259; tail vertebre, 130; hind foot,
31. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 31.5; Hensel, 29.7; interorbital con-
striction, 4.5; greatest zygomatic width, 16; least zygomatic width
anteriorly, 13; width of braincase above zygomata, 12; length of
nasals, 12; palatal length, 13.5; length of incisive foramina, 11.4;
length of upper tooth row, 5; length of mandible, angle to base of in-
cisors, 15; height at condyle, 7; length of lower tooth row, 5.
b.—rufinus (Oryzomys), Merr., Proc. Wash. Acad. Scien., 111, rgor,
p- 285.
Futvous Rice Rat.
Type locality. Catemaco, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Incisors and molars larger than those of O. jalape.
Color. Similar to O. jalape, but back and rump deep fulvous,
lined with black; tail dusky all around, paler beneath; under parts
buffy; hands and feet flesh color, sparsely covered with white hairs;
ears blackish brown.
Measurements. Total length, 270; tail, 139; hind foot, 32.
237. teapensis (Oryzomys), Merr., Proc. Wash. Acad. Scien., 111, 1901,
p. 286.
TEAPA RIcE Rat.
Type locality. Teapa, State of Tabasco, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. State of Tabasco; possibly also State of Chiapas,
Mexico.
Genl. Char. Ears small; hind feet rather short; colors dark.
Color. Above grizzled bistre; sides yellowish, lined with black;
chin, throat and arms whitish; rest of under parts buffy fulvous; tail
dusky, base beneath yellowish.
Measurements. Total length, 259; tail vertebre, 179; hind foot, 32.5.
238. antillarum (Oryzomys), Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 7th
Ser., 1, 1898, p. 177.
Jamaica Rice Rat.
Type locality. Jamaica.
Geogr. Distr. Type locality only.
Genl. Char. Size of O. couest; tail as long as head and body,
nearly naked. Skull: supraorbital ridges well defined; interparietal
narrow; nasal passing posteriorly the premaxille; palatal foramina
compressed; palate extending beyond third upper molar.
248 ORYZOMYS.
Color. Above rufous sparsely lined with black, brightest on the
rump; head suffused with grayish; under parts yellowish, hairs gray
at base; tail pale brown above, lighter beneath; hands and feet
whitish; ears blackish outside, yellowish inside.
Measurements. Total length, 260; tail, 130; hind foot, 28; ear,
13. Skull: basal length, 26; basilar length, 24; greatest breadth, 17;
interorbital constriction, 5.2; breadth across squamosals, 12.9; length
of nasals, 12.6; palatal length, 14; length of upper molar series, 4.6.
239. richmondi (Oryzomys), Merr., Proc. Wash. Acad. Scien., 11,
IgOl, p. 284.
EsconpIpo RIVER Rice Rat.
Type locality. Escondido River, 50 miles above Bluefields, Nica-
ragua.
Genl. Char. Size large; ear short. Rostrum long, slender.
Color. Above grizzled yellowish fulvous, lined with black; rump
sometimes rusty; under parts ochraceous fulvous, palest on chin and
lips; tail dark, palest beneath.
Measurements. Total length, 295; tail vertebra, 150; hind foot,
33-5:
240. fulvescens (Hesperomys), Sauss., Rev. Mag. Zo6l., 2me Sér., 1860,
p. Loz.
Futvous Rice Rat.
Type locality. ‘‘Mexique.’’ Orizaba, State of Vera Cruz?
Geogr. Distr. Jalapa and vicinity, State of Vera Cruz, south to
Yucatan, Mexico, and Guatemala, Central America.
Genl. Char. Tail longer than head and body; hind feet long, fur
slightly harsh.
Color. Above yellowish fulvous, lined with black; flanks fulvous;
under parts yellowish rufous, except chin and throat, which are
whitish; tail naked, indistinctly bicolor, grayish above, paler beneath;
feet pale buff or whitish.
Measurements. Total length, 173; tail, 100; hind foot, 20; ear, 14.
A. Oligoryzomys.
‘Size very small; tail long; hind foot long and slender; fifth hind
toe moderately long. Skull small, delicate; interorbital region narrow;
outer edges of frontals squarish, but unbeaded; braincase smooth
and unridged; zygomatic plate narrow and with but slight forward
projection; a decided longitudinal depression or trough in middle of
nasals; molar teeth small and delicate, but essentially like those of
true Oryzomys; incisor teeth very narrow and delicate.”’ (Bangs.)
ORYZOMYS. 249
Fig. 40. ORYZOMYS VEGETUS.
Mus. Comp. Zo6!]. Twice nat. size.
UPPER TOOTH ROW. LOWER TOOTH ROW.
Enlarged to times Enlarged to times.
241. costaricen is (Oryzomys), Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.,
1893, Pp. 239.
Ev GENERAL RICE Rat.
Type locality. El General, Costa Rica.
Geogr. Distr. Costa Rica, Central America. Altitude, from 2,150
to 10,342 feet.
Genl. Char. Size small; tail much longer than head and body.
Skull with superciliary bead absent.
Color. Above varying from yellowish brown to yellowish chest-
nut, lined heavily with black; sides ochraceous buff; under parts deep
buff; lateral line fulvous; tail naked, unicolor, pale brown; hands and
feet buffy white; ears dusky brown on outside, yellowish inside.
Measurements. Total length, 196; tail vertebre, 117; hind foot,
23; ear from crown, 7. Skull: total length, 21; basal length, 17.8;
zygomatic width, 11.4; width of braincase, 10.1; interorbital con-
striction, 4.3; length of nasals, 8; length of upper molar series, 3.
(ex Type.)
242. *vegetus (Oryzomys), Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., Xxxx1x,1902,
P- 35:
* This is considered by Dr. J. A. Allen to be the same as O. costaricensts.
See Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1904, p. 69.
250 ORYZOMYS. MOSCHOPHOROMYS.
AcTIvE Rice Rat.
Type locality. Boquete, Chiriqui, Panama. Altitude, 4,000 feet.
Genl. Char. Like O. costaricensis, but larger; color darker. In-
cisors orange.
Color. Above bright yellowish red brown; dorsal region darker;
sides of head and body and rump orange rufous; chin and under sides
of neck whitish; rest of under parts ochraceous buff; hands and feet
yellowish white; tail above dusky, beneath grayish; ears dark brown.
Measurements. Total length, 205-235; tail vertebrae, 115-130;
hind foot, 24; ear, 13. Skull: basal length, 20.2; occipito-nasal
length, 24.4; zygomatic width, 12.6; mastoid width, 11; interorbital
width, 3.4; length of nasals, 9; upper molar series, 2.8; length of
single half of mandible, 12.4. (Bangs, l. c.)
49. Moschophoromys.
I; a ate
Moschophoromys, Elliot, Pub. Field Columb. Mus., 111, 1904, p. 111.
Type Mus desmaresti Fischer.
Megalomys Trouess., Le Naturaliste, No. 45, 1881, p. 5. 7d. Ann.
Scien. Nat., Zodl., x1x, No. 5, 1885, p. 13, pl. r. (nec Lauril-
lard, Paleont.)
Moschomys Trouess., Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 7th Ser., x1, 1903, p.
387. (nec Billberg, 1828, Microtine.)
Form rat-like; tail long, scaly; outer finger with a flat nail; hind
feet long, stout, without webs between the toes, nails curved; sole
tubercles, six. Skull very broad between orbits; supraorbital crest
well developed; molars of moderate size.
KEY TO; TRE. SPECIES: PAGE
Sive large, helly whites: 5. i acee eA. 6 ipo soe .M. desmaresti 250
Sise smaller; belly brown n is wile ike 0s a le een M. lucie 251
243. desmaresti (Mus), Fischer, Syn. Mamm., 1829, p. 316.
pilorides Desm., Dict. Scien. Nat., xLvi, 1826, p. 483. (nec
Pallas ex Ceylon.) /d. Trouess., Ann. Scien. Nat., Zodl., X1x,
No. 5, 1885, p. 13, pl. r. Ex Antilles francaises. (nec Pall.)
Biack Rice Rat.
Type locality. Island of Martinique.
Genl. Char. Size and shape similar to those of Mus norvegicus.
Color. Shining black; chin, throat, belly, and base of tail white.
Measurements. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 62; length of nasals,
24; length of incisive foramina, 9.2; mastoid breadth, 21; length of
molar series, 9; posterior edge of foramen magnum to tip of nasals,
62; posterior edge of interparietal to tip of nasals, 61.5; width of brain-
MOSCHOPHOROMYS. 26)
FIG. 41. MOSCHOPHOROMYS DESMARESTI.
Ex. Ann. Scien, Nat,, Zoo6l,, X1X, pl. 1. Nat, size,
case above squamosals, 21; breadth of interparietal, 11.5; length of
lower molar series, 9.
244. lucie (Oryzomys), Forsyth Major, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 7th
are MO “fol nie ols lolol
eT. Lucia Rice Rat.
Type locality. Island of St. Lucia, West Indies.
Genl. Char. Smaller than M. desmaresti; anterior margin of
infraorbital foramen more convex anteriorly; belly brown.
Color. Brown, which hue also includes the belly.
Measurements. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 48.8; length of nasals,
19.4; length of incisive foramina, 8; mastoid breadth, 16; length of
molar series, 7.5; from foramen magnum to front of incisors, 41; from
posterior edge of foramen magnum to tip of nasals, 48.8; length of
nasals, 19.4; Hensel, 12.8; length of incisive foramina, 8; greatest
252 MOSCHOPHOROMYS. ZYGODONTOMYS.
breadth of incisive foramina, 27: breadth of braincase at sc uamosals,
7 |
16; breadth of interparietal, 10.5; length of lower molar series, 8.
50. Zygodontomys.
l=: M3 = 16.
“I—I gS
Zygodontomys Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., rx, E807, “p's
pl. 1, figs. 1-7. Type ‘‘Oryzomys cherrii’”’ Allen.
(oe)
Pelage soft; cusps of molars connected by median longitudinal
ridge. Skull similar in general characters to Oryzomys.
FIG. 42. ZYGODONTOMYS CHERRII.
No, §358 Field Columbian Mus. Coll. Twice nat. size.
UPPER TOOTH ROW LOWER TOOTH ROW
Enlarged 10 times Enlarged to times,
ZYGODONTOMYS. 253
PREY oO Dee sri ClLES,
PAGE
A. Upper parts yellowish brown and black.......... Groner. 253
B. Upper parts mixed blackish brown and yellow-
Mee UWS St wos eye sie al ge ate eee i ra ene Sea Z. chrysomelas 253
C. Upper parts russet brown and dull ferrugineous .. Z. seorsus 254
Fig. XL. ZYGODONTOMYS CHERRII.
CHERRIE’S RICE RAT.
245. cherrii (Oryzomys), Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1895,
P1320:
CHERRIE’S Rice Rat.
Type locality. Boruca, Costa Rica.
Geogr. Distr. Costa Rica, Central America; range unknown.
Genl. Char. Size medium; tail less than length of head and
body; pelage coarse.
Color. Upper parts mixed yellowish brown and black, dorsal
line darkest; sides grayish brown, beneath grayish white; tail above
dusky brown, below grayish brown; feet and ears gray.
Measurements. Total length, 214; tail vertebre, 92; hind foot,
23; ear from crown, 12. Skull: total length, 30; basal length, 28;
zygomatic breadth, 16; interorbital constriction, 6; breadth of brain-
case; 13. (ex Type.)
246. chrysomelas (Oryzomys), Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.,
1897, P- 37-
caliginosus (Hesperomys), Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.,
1891, . 210. (nec Tomes.)
254 ZYGODONTOMYS. SIGMODONTOMYS.
SUERRE RicE Rat.
Type locality. Suerre, Costa Rica.
Geogr. Distr. Costa Rica, Central America.
Genl. Char. Size medium; tail half the length of head and body;
ears small. Skull has the superciliary bead very broad; anterior
palatal foramina not reaching anterior base of the first molar.
Color. Above mixed blackish brown and yellowish rufous;
brighter on the sides; under parts yellowish brown tinged with gray;
tail uniform black; hands and feet blackish brown; ears black.
Measurements. Total length, 187; tail, 90; hind foot, 25; ear,
from notch, 10.5. Skull: total length, 28; basal length, 23.5; zygo-
matic breadth, 15; palatal length, 5.3; width of braincase, 12; length
of nasals, 9.5; length of upper tooth row, 5.3. (ex Type.)
247. seorsus (Zygodontomys), Bangs, Am. Nat., xxXv, 1901, p. 642.
IsoLaTED Rice Rar.
Type locality. San Miguel Island, Bay of Panama.
Genl. Char. Similar to Z. brevicauda from Trinidad, but larger;
tail scales coarse; skull larger, characters more pronounced.
Color. ‘‘Upper parts russet brown, shaded with dull ferru-
gineous, the latter more intense on the rump; whole dorsal region
thickly set with brownish black-tipped hairs; sides paler, more yel-
lowish; under parts dull buffy gray, strongly shaded with dull ferru-
gineous on anal region; line of demarcation between colors of upper
and under parts indistinct; upper surface of hands and feet yellowish
brown; soles naked; ears sparsely haired, dusky; tail very sparsely
haired, coarsely scaly, indistinctly bicolor, blackish, rather paler
towards base below.”’
Measurements. Total length, 280-320; tail vertebra, 110-140;
hind foot, 30-34; ear from notch, 15-18. Skull: basal length; 32.8;
occipito-nasal length, 35.2; zygomatic width, 18.4; mastoid width,
12.8; length of nasals, 15; width of nasals, 4.4; interorbital constric-
tion, 5.4; width across zygomatic plates, 11.2; length of incisive
foramina, 7.4; width of incisive foramina, 3.2; length of palate, to
palatal notch, 16; to end of pterygoid, 22; upper tooth row, 5.2; length
of single half mandible, 21; lower tooth row, 5.2.’’ (Bangs, l. c.)
51. Sigmodontomys.
Sigmodontomys Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1897, p. 38, pl.
1, figs. 8-14. Type Stgmodontomys aljart Allen.
Nasals narrowing posteriorly, pointed; anterior palatine foramina
broad, not reaching front molars; palate reaching beyond posterior
line of molars; palatal fossa broad, pterygoids parallel; base of
SIGMODONTOMYS. RHITHRODONTOMYS. 255
zygoma broad with no anterior point; parietal large, exterior bor-
ders longest; first upper molar with two deep internal reéntrant
angles, second molar with one, third none; first lower molar with
two deep external reéntrant angles, and one on both the second and
third molars.
248. *alfari (Sigmodontomys), Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1897,
Pp. 39.
ALFARO’S RIcE Rat.
Type locality. Jimenez, Costa Rica. Altitude, 700 feet.
Geogr. Distr. Costa Rica, Central America; range unknown.
Genl. Char. Similar to Sigmodon; fur long, soft, thick; tail
longer than head and body; hind feet large, naked; tail naked; ears
small.
Color. Upper parts yellowish brown, with dorsal region dusky
brown; beneath grayish white; tail naked, dark brown; fore feet
pale brown passing to grayish on toes; hind feet naked, grayish
brown; ears blackish brown.
Measurements. Total length, 278; tail vertebre, 155; hind foot,
37; ear, 14. Skull: total length, 35.2; basal length, 25.4; interor-
bital constriction, 12; width of braincase, 13.2; length of nasals,
14.3; palatal length, 15; length of upper tooth row, 5.3; length of
mandible, 18. (ex Type.)
The genus RHITHRODONTOMYs contains the smallest species of the
Muride, some indeed much smaller than certain species of shrews,
in which family are found the least in size of American mammals.
The Harvest Mice in general are about half the size of the house
mouse and not unlike that animal in color, but usually have brighter
flanks and a whiter under body. Although the Harvest Mice have
been separated into various species and races, they are very difficult
to distinguish, for there is a very great general resemblance among
them all.
52. Rhithrodontomys. Harvest Mice.
ae
ie 3
>
> i
3 — 16.
J. A. Allen, On the species of the genus Rhetthrodontomys (sic)
Dall Am. Mus) Nat. Hist., 1895, p. 107.
*The skull of the unique specimen of this species having been lost, it was
not possible to illustrate the genus
256 RHITHRODONTOMYS.
Reithrodontomys (sic), Giglioli, Richer. intorn. alla Distrib. Geog.
Gen., Roma, 1873, p. 160. Type’ Mus leconti.. Aud. &
Bachman.
Reithrodon! Le Conte (nec Waterh.), Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien.
Phils Seo) an 3
Ochetodon Coues, Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil., 1874, p. 184.
Body slender; size very small; tail as long as the body without
the head; anterior face of upper incisors with a deep longitudinal
FIG. 43. RHITHRODONTOMYS MEGALOTIS.
No. 6739 Am. Mus, Nat. Hist. Coll. Enlarged 3 times
UPPER TOOTH ROW LOWER TOOTH ROW
Enlarged 12 times Enlarged 12 times
RHITHRODONTOMYS,
257
groove, nearly as broad as the face of the tooth; lower incisors simple;
anterior upper molar with four roots, three large, one very small.
The lower half of the descending ramus is abruptly twisted inward
nearly at a right angle to the lower border of the process; antor-
bital foramen is situated in the zygomatic portion of the maxillary
and is almost circular above, contracting to a slit below; palate
terminates opposite the posterior border of last molars as a trans-
verse shelf; bulle large, widely separated, but approximating from
behind anteriorly.
KEY TO 2aE SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES:
A. Tail about one-half the total length.
a.
b.
=,
a.
b.
Above yellowish brown lined with black;
o SHA ERED PISTON Ps 0 ATS ee eee R. australis
Above sepia, shading to isabella; beneath
MU Utne Se em MRT WINGS ere 9) sec eo 2 baker 182A R. a. vulcantus
Above mouse gray; beneath yellowish or
Pee NE A aU ie ienleick We fa be ee setae R. megalotis
. Above gray, strongly varied with black; be-
PRAM Iie Ids cok Ae oR cel 8 Sela svete The R.m. sestinensts
. Above dull fulvous brown; beneath buffy
eu eNIe S) acme ciata tet AOD One dca R. m. zacatece
Above black and rufous; beneath buffy
SIRS 8 em oe eo ae R.m. obscurus
Above yellowish brown and black; beneath
ich ELSI Vil he a ae re R. longicaudus
merpowe Wuny gray; beteath white../....... R. 1. pallidus
Above dark brown and black; beneath whitish
Dun SVE UG AE co ee R. saturatus
Above yellowish brown and black; beneath
PPCM OMMMOCOME: Gin fos. ok Aleck ee ees R. s. cinereus
Above fulvous brown lined with black; be-
VE BATU IBY 2G' 72 ya R. s. alticola
B. Tail more than half the total length.
EOC VE COGCIeM LOWY Ss hs cece cata eae sb R. peninsule
Above fulvous and black; beneath pale ful-
mous, including chin and throat. ...........+.% R. dafficilis
Above rufous brown; beneath white........ R. mexicanus
. Above grayish brown and yellowish; beneath
A CLSUL SIR eA JP Seed a rr R.m. intermedius
. Above yellowish brown and black; beneath
whitish.
ae suarve-atoral leneth,-183 mm... 5..52' R. m. fulvescens
PAGE
258 RHITHRODONTOMYS.
b.’-Small; totaldength, 105 ninis sr. R. m. gracilis
e” Smallest; total deneth,, 152) mums. sna e estes ce R. tenuis
f. Above golden yellow and black.
a.’ Beneath white, tinged with salmon ful-
VOUSES oilseed sie wae ea R. chyrsopsis
by’ - Beneath: whitish’). 32-y a0 4-5 a eee eee R. c. toluce
g. Above yellowish fulvous and black; beneath
bitiy salmon. 2c eek at ast Gale eee R. perotensts
h. Above golden fulvous; beneath buffy salmon.
Bree all, DOR RAS etary eee nce eee ee R. onizabe
Boy Pail, oO% Dm... ken ces ciel en erate eee een R. colime
Gye Pail 2 FO) MUN. ee eee er Oe Oe R. c. nerterus
i. Above ferrugineous brown and black; be-
neath white, washed with yellow......... R. costaricensis
j. Above pale ferrugineous brown and black;
beneath: white. .sttmcnr ee con eaels aeeeneer R. c. jalape
k. Above ochraceous fulvous; beneath white....R. goldmani
1. Above rufous and black; beneath orange
DUE Or - Orance! Otay. Aes k commas cece tie R. rufescens
m. Above fulvous, grading to ferrugineous; be-
eath salmon Tulvious: ace swe es ke R. tenutrostris
n. Above paler fulvous; beneath fulvous........ R. t. aureus
o. Above reddish fulvous; beneath salmon
1308 (015 Oe eo SER AL eget AM ene mre or 8 R. microdon
p. Above fulvous, beneath white........... R. m. albilabris
q. Above yellowish fulvous and black; beneath
WHINGSS vee eh tA Ww atelote ie save Ree ee Ae Oe ce R. hirsutus
r. Above buffy gray; beneath white......... R. grisetflavus
s. Above orange fulvous and black; beneath
SVL, 2k aim: os ARE ep te ee et R. g. helvolus
t. Above fulvous and black; chin, throat, and
under parts palecialvous 1 tt .hsnc sn ste eae R. levipes
u. Above fulvous and black; chin, throat, and
under parts pale fulvous, ear larger, tail
HOn OT 5 Ses a lal bier 2 oss Sak fal eee ne te eee R. Ll. otus
v. Above yellowish brown and black; beneath
WHIGISI Pieces it uate & 5 5) 5 eae nc) eae R. 1. toltecus
2p
CERO it eee rr ey tee . tnexpectatus
x. Above grayish, washed with buffy and lined
with black; beneath buffy white ............ R. dorsalis
7. Above bistre; beneath dark cinnamon......... R. creper
is
PAGE
265
265
265
266
266
266
266
267
267
267
268
268
268
269
269
269 ©
269
270
270
270
271
271
271
272
272°
RHITHRODONTOMYS. 259
249. australis (Reithrodontomys!), Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.,
T6905, P.,328.
IrazU Votcano Harvest Mouse.
Type locality. Volcano of Irazui, Costa Rica.
Geogr. Distr. Costa Rica; range unknown.
Genl. Char. “‘Similar to Rk. longicauda in winter, but larger.”’
Color. Above yellowish brown, lined with black; sides lighter;
under parts ashy plumbeous tinged with buff; tail above dusky
brown, beneath whitish; hands and feet grayish; ears blackish.
Measurements. Total length, 158; tail vertebre, 80; hind foot,
18; ear from crown, 1o. Skull: total length, 23; basal length, 20;
width of braincase, 11; zygomatic width, 10; interorbital constric-
mom, 3.7; length of nasals, 8. (ex Type.)
a.—vuleanius (Retthrodontomys!), Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl.,
<i, LGODD. 6a:
Curirigut Harvest Mouse.
Type locality. Volcan de Chiriqui, Chiriqui, Panama. Altitude,
10,300 feet.
Genl. Char. Similar to Xk. australis, but darker; pelage long, silky.
Color. Dorsal region sepia, shading on sides to isabella; top of
head grayer; under parts isabella, tinged with cinnamon between
arms and about vent; feet and hands grayish; tail dusky above,
grayish beneath; ears sepia.
Measurements. Total length, 170; tail vertebre, 96; hind foot,
19; ear, 17. Skull: basal length, 19.4; occipito-nasal length, 22.8;
zygomatic width, 11.4; mastoid width, 11; interorbital width, 3.4;
length of nasals, 8.2; width of nasals, 2.6; length of palate to palatal
notch, 9.2; length of palatal slits, 5; width of palatal slits, 1.8; upper
molar series, 3.2; length of single half mandible, 11.4. (Bangs, 1. c.)
250. megalotis (Reithrodon!), Baird, N. Am. Mamm., 1857, p. 451.
aztecus, Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1893, p. 79.
desert, Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1895, p. 127.
megalotis (Khithrodontomys), Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1gor,
p. 151. Jd. Suppl. p. 494.
Bic-EARED Harvest Mouse.
Type locality. Between Janos and San Luis Spring, State of
Sonora, Mexico, near boundary of Grant County, New Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. States of Sonora and Chihuahua, Mexico, north to
Nevada.
Genl. Char. Tail equals the body in length, without head.
Color. Upper parts mouse gray (sometimes tinged with reddish
on back), and lined with black; rump washed with fulvous; under
260 RHITHRODONTOMYS,
Fig. XLI. RHITHRODONTOMYS MEGALOTIS.
BIG-EARED HARVEST MOUSE.
parts yellowish or grayish white; tail above like back; sides and
beneath pale gray; hands and feet grayish white. Young animals
have blackish ear spots and are grayer.
Measurements. Total length, 143; tail vertebra, 70; hind foot,
19. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 20; Hensel, 14; zygomatic width,
10; interorbital constriction, 3; length of nasals, 8; palatal length, 7;
length of upper molar series, 3.
a.—sestinensis (kXhetthrodontomys!), Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat.
Hist., 1903, p. 602.
Rio Sestin Meapow Mouse.
Type locality. Rio Sestin, State of Durango, Mexico, Altitude,
7,500 feet.
Genl. Char. Similar to Rk. megalotis; tail longer.
Color. Like &. megalotis, ‘‘but upper parts more strongly varied
with black and less fulvous, and with relatively longer tail.”’
(Allen, 1. c.)
Measurements. Total length, 130; tail vertebra, 69; hind foot,
18; ear from notch, 14.
b.—zacatece (Retthrodontomys!), Merr., Proc. Wash. Acad. Scien.,
lil, Loot, De 557
VALPARAISO HARvEstT Mouse.
Type locality. Valparaiso Mountains, State of Zacatecas, Mexico.
/
ce.
RHITHRODONTOMYS, 261
Genl. Char. Similar to Rk. megalotis, but darker; nasals equal in
length to premaxille.
Color. Above dull fulvous brown lined with black; sides buffy
ochraceous; beneath plumbeous washed with buffy salmon; pectoral
patch fulvous; tail dark brown above, gray beneath; hands and feet
white; ears dark brown.
Measurements. Total length, 156; tail vertebre, 87; hind
foot, 17.5;
obscurus (Reithrodontomys!), Merr., Proc. Wash. Acad. Scien.,
IN BOOT, Pi So
Dusky Harvest Mouse.
Type locality. Sierra Madre; near Guadaloupe y Calvo, State of
Chihuahua, Mexico.
Genl. Char. “Similar to FR. megalotis, but everywhere much
darker; upper parts conspicuously lined with and darkened by black
hairs, under parts buffy salmon (instead of white), with pale fulvous
pectoral patch; skull as in Kk. megalotis.”’
Color. Above mixed rufous and black, darkest on dorsal region;
sides paler, a mixed gray and dark buff; under parts buff; no lateral
line; hands and feet white; tail above dark brown, beneath whitish.
Measurements. Total length, 167; tail vertebre, 90; hind
foot, 19.
C.
251. longicaudus (Keithrodon!), Baird, N. Amer. Mamm., 1857, p. 451.
longicaudus (Rhithrodontomys), Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., rgor,
p. 151. Jd. Suppl. p. 494.
LONG-TAILED Harvest Mouse.
Type locality. Petaluma, Sonoma County, California.
Geogr. Distr.. Lower California, Mexico, to California, west to
the Sierra Nevada, from coast region of Monterey County, north to
Mendocino County (Eureka, Humboldt County, see Elhot, Field
Columb. Mus., 111, p. 186. Zodlogy), and in the interior from San
Joaquin County, north to Tehama County. Probably further south
irregularly in the coast and San Bernardino ranges of mountains.
(Allen. )
Genl. Char. Small; colors darkish; tail long, more than half the
length of head and body.
Color. Above yellowish brown and black, darkest on dorsal line;
sides more yellowish, and with a fulvous lateral line from cheeks to
rump; beneath grayish white, tinged often with yellow, and fre-
quently with a fulvous spot on the breast; ears dusky, rusty brown
tuft at the anterior base; feet whitish; tail dusky above, grayish
white below.
262 RHITHRODONTOMYS.
Measurements. Average total length, 136.5; tail vertebra, 72;
hind foot, 17; ear, r1.2. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 19.5; Hensel,
14; zygomatic width, 8.5; interorbital constriction, 3; length of
nasals, 7; palatal length, 7.3; length of upper tooth row, 3.
a.—pallidus (Retthrodontomys!), Rhoads, Amer. Nat., 1893, p. 835.
pallidus (Rhithrodontomys), Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., rgor,
p. 152. Id. Suppl. p. 494.
LOWER CALIFORNIA HARVEST MOUSE.
Type locality. Santa Isabel, San Jacinto Mountains, San Diego
County, California.
Geogr. Distr. Southern California and northern Lower Cali-
fornia, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Larger than Fk. longicaudus and paler.
Color. Above buffy gray, darker on dorsal line; face and lateral
line ochraceous; under parts and feet white; spot between fore legs
and on breast buff; tail bicolor.
Measurements. Total length, 137; tail vertebre, 73; hind foot,
16. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 19.5; Hensel, 14; zygomatic width,
10; interorbital constriction, 3; breadth of braincase, 9.3; length of
nasals, 7; palatal length, 7.
252. saturatus (Keithrodontomys!), Allen & Chapman, Bull. Amer.
Mus. Nat. Hist., 1897, p. 201.
Las Vicas Harvest Mouse.
Type locality. Las Vigas, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. State of Vera Cruz, Mexico; range unknown.
Genl. Char. Similar to R. megalotis, but larger and darker.
Color. Upper parts dark brown, lined with black on median
line and tinged with grayish fulvous; sides grayish fulvous; under
parts whitish plumbeous; tail dark brown above, gray below; hands
and feet grayish white.
Measurements. Total length, 148; tail vertebre, 74; hind foot,
18. Skull: total length, 21; basal length, 17; zygomatic width, 11;
width of braincase, 10; interorbital constriction, 2.5; length of
nasals, 8; palatal length, 8; length of upper tooth row, 3.3.
a.—cinereus (Retthrodontomys!), Merr., Proc. Wash. Acad. Scien.,
TOOL, P. 550.
CINEREOUS Harvest Mouse.
Type locality. Chalchicomula, State of Puebla, Mexico.
Genl. Char. ‘Similar to R. saturatus, but very much paler and
grayer, particularly the head and shoulders; tail shorter and more
sharply bicolor; skull similar, but slightly smaller; rostrum
’
shorter.’
=
RHITHRODONTOMYS. 203
Color. Above yellowish brown lined with black, darkest on
dorsal region and top of head; sides paler and with less black; under
parts gray; hands and feet white; tail above dark brown, beneath
whitish.
Measurements. ‘Total length, 149; tail vertebra, 73; hind foot, 19.
b.—alticola (Reithrodontomys!), Merr., Proc. Wash. Acad. Scien.,
Mit, 1901, D. S50.
Mountain Harvest Mouse.
Type locality. Cerro San Felipe, Oaxaca City, State of Oaxaca,
Mexico. Altitude, 10,000 feet.
Genl, Char. ‘Similar to 2. saturatus, but tail somewhat shorter;
rostrum shorter; bulla larger.”’
Color. Above yellowish brown, tinged with rufous and heavily
lined with black; sides less black; under parts gray; plumbeous of
under fur showing through; tail above dark brown, beneath whitish;
hands and feet white; ears brown.
Measurements. ‘Total length, 153; tail vertebra, 75; hind foot, 19.
253. peninsula (//ithrodontomys), E\hot, Pub. Field Columb, Mus.,
III, 1903, p. 164. Zodlogy.
PENINSULAR Harvest Mouse.
Type locality. San Quentin, Lower California, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Tail about half the total length; pelage more red
than that of /. longicaudus, with longer tail and hind feet and
much larger ears; skull larger, nasals longer, braincase broader,
interorbital space of nearly equal width throughout, sides nearly
parallel.
Color. Above, sides of head, and body, and on thighs reddish
brown, deepest on thighs and rump and darkest on dorsal region,
which part is mixed with black; under parts white or grayish white,
the plumbeous under fur showing; a dark ochraceous spot on sides
of chest and a paler one on middle of chest between the arms; tail
dusky brown above, white beneath; hands and feet white, ears dark
brown,
Measurements. Total length, 170; tail vertebra, 89; hind foot,
17.5; ear, 16. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 27; Hensel, 20; zygo-
matic breadth, 10; interorbital constriction, 3; palatal length, 8.5;
length of nasals, 13.5.
254. difficilis (/cithrodontomys!), Merr., Proc. Wash. Acad. Scien.,
III, 1901, p. 550.
Caprious Harvest Mouse.
Type locahty. Orizaba, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico. Altitude,
4,500 feet.
264 RHITHRODONTOMYS,
Genl. Char, ‘Skull similar in general to that of R. saturatus, but
incisive foramina more broadly open; molar series slightly shorter.”’
Color. Above fulvous and black, beneath pale fulvous; chin,
throat, hands, and feet whitish; tail above dusky, beneath whitish.
Measurements. Total length, 177; tail vertebre, 100; hind
foot, 19.5.
255. mexicanus (/eithrodoii!), Sauss., Rev. Mag. Zoél., 2me Sér., x11,
F606, 'D. TOO, ply Ix, et,
sumichrastt, Sauss., Rev. Mag. Zodl., 2me Sér., 1861, p. 3.
Mexican Harvest Mouse.
Type locality. Mountains in State of Vera Cruz, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. State of Vera Cruz, Mexico.
Genl, Char. Size large; tail longer than head and body; feet large.
Color. Above rufous brown; sides orange brown; under parts
white, tinged with buff on throat and breast; ears brown; tail
blackish, almost naked; hands white; feet dusky.
Measurements. Total length, 153-169; tail vertebra, 80-100;
hind foot, 18-20; ear, 15-17.
a.—intermedius (Reithrodontomys!), Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat.
Hist: 71698, py 136.
intermedius (Rhithrodontomys), Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., rgor,
p. 153. /d. Suppl. p. 494.
BROWNSVILLE Harvest MOusE.
Type locality. Brownsville, Cameron County, Texas.
Geogr. Distr. Northern Mexico, into Texas.
Genl, Char. Smaller than Rk. mexicanus and paler.
Color. Above grayish brown, washed with pale yellowish, mixed —
with dark hairs on middle of back, sides lighter; lateral line yellowish,
beneath white; ears brown; apical third of inner side rufous; feet
whitish; tail dusky, nearly unicolor.
Measurements. Total length, 194; tail vertebra, 1o8; hind foot,
21; ear, 13.
b.—fulvescens (Retthrodontomys!), Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat.
Hist., 1894, p. 319.
OposurA Harvest Mouse.
Type locality. Oposura, State of Sonora, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. State of Sonora, Mexico; range unknown.
Genl. Char. Similar to Rk. mexicanus, more yellowish.
Color. Above yellowish brown, lined with black; lateral line
fulvous; under parts whitish; tail above pale brown, beneath lighter;
hands and feet whitish.
RHITHRODONTOMYS. 265
Measurements. Total length, 183; tail vertebra, 102; hind foot,
19; ear, 14. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 21; Hensel, 15; zygomatic
width, 10; interorbital constriction, 3; length of nasals, 7; palatal
length, 8; length of upper molar series, 3; length of mandible, 9.5;
length of lower molar series, 4.
c.—sracilis (Reithrodontomys!), Allen & Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus.
Nat. Hist., 1897, p. 9.
CHICHEN ItzA Harvest Mouse.
Type locality. Chichen Itza, Yucatan, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Yucatan, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Similar to Rk. mextcanus, but smaller and paler.
Color. Above yellowish brown, lined with blackish on median
line; sides fulvous brown; under parts white; ears brownish; tail
unicolor, brown; hands and feet whitish.
Measurements. Total length, 165; tail vertebra, 98; hind foot,
16; ear, 13. Skull: total length, about 20; width of braincase, 10;
interorbital constriction, 3; length of nasals, 7; length of upper
molar series, 3. (ex Type.)
256. tenuis (Keithrodontomys!), Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.,
LeOg yp. 05.
SLENDER Harvest Mouse.
Type locality. Rosario, State of Sinaloa, Mexico.
Geogr. Nstr. State of Sinaloa, Mexico; range unknown.
Genl. Char. Similar to Rk. m. fulvescens, but smaller.
Color. Upper parts yellowish brown, lined with black; lateral
line from before the eyes and along flanks fulvous; under parts grayish
white; base of hairs pale plumbeous; ears dusky, internally reddish,
tail grayish brown; feet whitish.
Measurements. Total length, 152-170; tail vertebrae, 82-90;
hind foot, 20; ear, 15.
257. chrysopsis (Keithrodontomys!), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash.,
MAM, TCO, pus.
Mount PopocaTEpETL Harvest MOUvsE.
Type locality. Mt. Popocatepetl, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. State of Mexico, Mexico; range unknown.
Genl. Char. Size large; ears large; tail very long, hairy. Skull:
no superorbital beads; zygoma notched by antorbital slits; bulle
small; rostrum narrow.
Color. Upper parts golden yellow, mixed with black; under
parts white, tinged with salmon fulvous; tail above dusky, beneath
white; ears and ankles dusky; hands and feet white.
266 RHITHRODONTOMYS.
Measurements. Total length, 194; tail vertebre, 108; hind
foot, 21.
a.—toluce (Reithrodontomys!), Merr., Proc. Wash. Acad. Scien.,
ROOT, D.. 540:
Voitcan ToLtuca Harvest Mouse.
Type locality. North slope of the Volcan Toluca, State of Mexico,
Mexico. Altitude, 11,500 feet.
Genl. Char. Similar to R. chrysopsts, but darker; skull smaller.
Color. Above yellowish brown and black, forming a perceptible
dorsal band, sides lighter; under parts grayish plumbeous; hands
and feet brownish; tail above dark brown, beneath whitish; ears
blackish brown.
Measurements. Total length, 180; tail vertebre, 98; hind foot, 21.
258. perotensis (Reithrodontomys!), Merr., Proc. Wash. Acad. Scien.,
Ill, TOOT, p.. 550:
Corre DE PEeroTeE Harvest MOUSE.
Type locality. Cofre de Perote, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico. Alti-
tude, 9,500 feet.
Genl. Char. Similar to R. chrysopsis, but colors duller; ears
large; skull smaller; nasals equal to premaxille.
Color. Above yellowish fulvous, lined with black, forming a
dorsal band and grading to fulvous on rump; top of head blackish;
under parts buffy salmon; tail dark brown above, paler beneath;
hands and feet white; wrists and ankles brownish; ears dark brown.
Measurements. Total length, 176; tail vertebrz, 102; hind foot, 19.
259. orizabe (RKeithrodontomys!), Merr., Proc. Wash. Acad. Scien.,
Hi, £Q01, Dp. 556.
Or1zABA Harvest Mouse.
Type locality. Mount Orizaba, State of Puebla, Mexico. Alti-
tude, 9,500 feet.
Genl. Char. Similar to R. chrysopsts; tail long.
Color. Above golden fulvous, darkest toward rump; beneath
buffy salmon; lips and chin grayish; tail dark above, paler beneath;
hands and feet whitish; wrists and ankles dark brown.
Measurements. Total length, 182; tail vertebra, 105; hind
foot, 20.
260. colimz (Reithrodontomys!), Merr., Proc. Wash. Acad. Scien.,
Tit? TOOL Ree Sts
ALPINE HArRvEstT Mouse.
Type locality. Sierra Nevada de Colima, State of Jalisco, Mexico.
Altitude, 12,000 feet.
mo
RHITHRODONTOMYS, 267
Genl. Char. Size small; ears large; tail short; nasals equal to
premaxille.
Color. Above buffy fulvous to golden fulvous, lined with black;
beneath buffy salmon; tail dusky above, whitish below; hands whitish,
feet brownish, whitish towards toes; wrists and ankles dark, nearly
black; ears blackish.
Measurements. Total length, 165; tail EET, go; hind foot, 20.
a.—nerterus (Reithrodontomys!), Merr., Proc. Wash. Acad. Scien.,
Mii DOOR, pL HS ae
CoLtima Harvest Mouse.
Type locality. Sierra Nevada de Colima, State of Jalisco, Mexico.
Altitude, 6,500 feet.
Genl. Char. Similar to Rk. colime; tail longer, skull and molars
smaller.
Color. Above golden fulvous, lined with black, darkest on dorsal
line; side golden fulvous; under parts salmon buff; hands and feet
brown; tail above blackish brown, paler beneath; ears dark brown.
Measurements. Total length, 190; tail vertebrae, 110; hind
foot, 20.
261. costaricensis (Keithrodontomys!), Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat.
Elict... TS65, fp. 230.
Costa Rica Harvest Mouse.
Type locality. La Carpintera, Costa Rica. Altitude, 6,000 feet.
Geogr. Distr. Costa Rica, Central America.
Genl. Char. Size large; similar in color to Peromyscus cherru.
Color. Upper parts ferrugineous brown, lined with black; sides
orange rufous; under parts white, washed with yellow; fulvous patch
sometimes on breast; tail nearly naked, dusky brown, unicolor;
hands and feet whitish, with a median dusky stripe on feet; ears
brown.
Measurements. Total length, 197; tail vertebre, 111; hind foot,
20.5; ear, 12. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 22.5; Hensel, 17; zygo-
matic width, 12; interorbital constriction, 3.5; length of nasals, 8;
palatal length to incisive foramina, 4; length of upper molar series, 3.
a.—jalape (Retthrodontomys!), Merr., Proc. Wash. Acad. Scien.,
[Il, 190%, py 532.
JaLapa Harvest Mouse.
Type locality. Jalapa, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico. Altitude,
4,000 feet.
Genl. Char. Similar to R. costaricensis, but paler; nasals truncate
posteriorly.
268 RHITHRODONTOMYS,
Color. Above pale ferrugineous brown mixed with black; nose,
upper lip, and under parts white; hands whitish brown; feet grayish
brown; tail above dark brown, paler beneath.
Measurements. Total length, 197; tail vertebre, 119; hind
foot, 21.
262. goldmani (Retthrodontomys!), Merr., Proc. Wash. Acad. Scien.,
Ill, 1901, pc 852.
GotpMAN’s Harvest Mouse.
Type locality. Metlaltoyuca, State of Puebla, Mexico. Altitude,
800 feet.
Genl. Char. Size small; similar in color to R. costaricensis, paler.
Color. Above ochraceous fulvous, darkest on crown; side of
nose, upper lip, chin, and under parts white; tail dusky; hands
whitish; ankles and feet brownish; ears light brown.
Measurements. Total length, 190; tail, 109; hind foot, 21.5.
263. rufescens (Reithrodontomys!), Allen & Chapman, Bull. Amer.
Mus. Nat. Hist., 1897, p. 199.
Rurous Harvest Mouse.
Type locality. Jalapa, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. State of Vera Cruz, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Similar to R. mexicanus, but larger; ears black.
Color. Upper parts rufous mixed with black, darkest on median
line; sides orange rufous; chin, throat, and inside of arms whitish;
rest of under parts orange buff to buffy gray; ears black or blackish;
tail above blackish, paler beneath; hands and feet dusky.
Measurements. Total length, 177; tail vertebrz, 99; hind foot,
20. Skull: total length, 23; basal length, 18.7; zygomatic width,
11.3; interorbital constriction, 3.5; length of nasals, 9; palatal length,
9; length of upper tooth row, 3.6. (ex Type.)
264. tenuirostris (Reithrodontomys!), Merr., Proc. Wash. Acad.
Scien.) Ill, 166n.p. 647
SLENDER-NOSED Harvest Mouse.
Type locality. Todos Santos, Guatemala. Altitude, 10,000 feet.
Genl. Char. Size large; tail long; braincase contracted ante-
riorly; rostrum and nasals long, slender, latter equal in length to
premaxille.
Color. Above deep fulvous, grading into ferrugineous on lower
back; beneath salmon fulvous; chin whitish; tail dusky; hands and
wrists, ankles, and feet dark brown; ears blackish brown.
Measurements. Total length, 210; tail vertebrae, 124; hind foot,
23. Skull: basal length, 20; zygomatic breadth posteriorly, 13;
palatal length, 11.5; length of molar series. 4.5. (ex Type.)
RHITHRODONTOMYS. 269
a.—aureus (Reithrodontomys!), Merr., Proc. Wash. Acad. Scien.,
Ml; oor; p. 546:
CaLEL Harvest Mouse.
Type locality. Calel, Guatemala. Altitude, 10,200 feet.
Genl. Char. Similar to KR. tenturostris, but paler; nasals narrow
and exceeding premaxille in length; incisive foramina passing plane
of first molars.
Color. Above yellowish brown, lined with black, with a reddish
tinge on rump; under parts salmon fulvous; tail dark brown; hands
and feet dark brown, becoming white towards toes; ears blackish.
Measurements. Total length, 196; tail vertebra, 112; hind foot,
22.5; Skull: basal length, 20; zygomatic breadth, 13; palatal length,
11.5; length of molar series, 4.5. (ex Type.)
265. microdon (Keithrodontomys!), Merr., Proc. Wash. Acad. Scien.,
II, r9gor, p. 548.
Topos Santos Harvest Mouse.
Type locality. Todos Santos, Guatemala. Altitude, 10,000 feet.
Genl. Char. Small; ears and tail long; miniature of R. tenuwir-
ostris.
Color. Above reddish fulvous, deepest on rump; sides bright
fulvous; beneath salmon fulvous; orbital ring dark, tail dusky;
hands white; ankles and feet dark brown; toes white; ears dark
brown.
Measurements. Total length, 185; tail vertebre, 113; hind foot,
21. Skull: basal length, 17; zygomatic breadth, 11.5; palatal length,
10; length of molar series, 3. (ex Type.)
a.—albilabris (Reithrodontomys!), Merr., Proc. Wash. Acad. Scien.,
TM, WOOW, sar. SAG.
WHITE-LIPPED Harvest Mouse.
Type locality. Cerro San Felipe, State of Oaxaca, Mexico. Alti-
tude, 10,000 feet.
Genl. Char. Similar to R. microdon, but paler; skull with certain
comparative variations.
Color. Above fulvous, darkest on dorsal region; lips, nose, and
under parts pure white; tail dark brown, paler beneath; wrists dusky;
feet and ankles blackish brown; ears brown.
Measurements. Total length, 187; tail vertebre, 117; hind foot,
20. Skull: basal length, 17; zygomatic breadth posteriorly, 11.5;
length of palate, 10; length of molar series, 3. (ex Type.)
266. hirsutus (Keithrodontomys!), Merr., Proc. Wash. Acad. Scien.,
It, 1O@e, Pp. 553;
270 RHITHRODONTOMYS.
Hispip Harvest Mouse.
Type locality. Ameca, State of Jalisco, Mexico. Altitude,
5,500 feet.
Genl. Char. Size large; tail long; pelage coarse. Skull large;
braincase flattened; nasals not so long as premaxille; bullae small;
length of upper molar series, 3.7.
Color. Above yellowish fulvous lined with black; sides brighter
fulvous; beneath white, as are also the sides of nose and upper lip;
tail above dusky, whitish beneath; hands buffy; feet grayish.
Measurements. Total length, 233; tail vertebra, 143; hind
foot, 22.
267. griseiflavus (Keithrodontomys!), Merr., Proc. Wash. Acad.
Scien., Wt); 1961, p..ese:
AMECA Harvest Mouse.
Type locality. Ameca, State of Jalisco, Mexico. Altitude,
4,000 feet.
Genl. Char. Similar to R. hirsutus, but smaller.
Color. Above buffy gray, grading into buffy fulvous on hind
back, and lined with black; sides pale golden fulvous; beneath white,
sometimes tinged with buffy; pectoral spot and axilla fulvous; lips
and chin, hands and feet whitish; ankles dark; tail above brownish,
beneath whitish.
Measurements. Total length, 169; tail vertebra, 94; hind foot, 22.
a.—helvolus (Retthrodontomys!), Merr., Proc. Wash. Acad. Scien.,
Tt; \TOOX, Pp. S54.
Oaxaca Harvest Mouse.
Type locality, Oaxaca City, State of Oaxaca, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Similar to R. grisetflavus, but redder.
Color. Above on back and sides orange fulvous, sparsely lined
with black, but making a dorsal line to middle of back; throat and
lips white, under parts gray; tail brown above, whitish beneath;
hands and feet whitish; ears brown.
Measurements. Total length, 188; tail vertebra, 111; hind foot, 20.
268. levipes (Reithrodontomys!), Merr., Proc. Wash. Acad. Scien.,
iil, 2OOr, DP. BER:
SAN SEBASTIAN Harvest Mouse.
Type locality. San Sebastian, State of Jalisco, Mexico. Altitude,
3,000 feet.
Genl. Char, Size medium; tail rather long; hair coarse.
Color. Above fulvous lined with black; sides bright oranze ful-
vous; beneath pale fulvous; hands and feet whitish; tail dark brown
above, paler beneath; ears brown.
RHITHRODONTOMYS, 271
Measurements. Total length, 188; tail vertebra, 110; hind
TOO, 27.
a.—otus (Retthrodontomys!), Merr., Proc. Wash. Acad. Scien., 111,
TOOT, Ds 555%
LARGE-EARED Harvest MousE. ;
Type locality. Sierra Nevada de Colima, State of Jalisco, Mexico.
Altitude, 6,500 feet.
Genl. Char. “Size large, similar to Kk. levipes; ears decidedly
larger; tail longer. Skull similar, but rostrum slightly longer; bulle
averaging slightly larger.”’
Color. Above fulvous and black, darkest on dorsal region; under
parts pale fulvous; tail dark brown above, whitish beneath; hands
pale brown; feet whitish; ears dark brown.
Measurements. Total length, 202; tail vertebra, 120; hind foot,
22.
b.—toltecus (Retthrodontomys!), Merr., Proc. Wash. Acad. Scien.,
Ml, Ider, pL ses.
TLALPAM Harvest Mouse.
Type locality. Tlalpam, Federal District, Mexico.
Genl. Char. “Similar to &. levipes, but larger; color more yellowish
(less fulvous), and much more heavily lined with black hairs. Skull
narrower; zygomata less widely spreading anteriorly; nasals longer
and ending with premaxille; bulle slightly larger.”’
Color. Above yellowish brown lined with black, with a conspic-
uous dorsal line; sides pale golden brown; under parts grayish white;
tail above pale brown, beneath whitish; hands and feet white; ears
pale brown.
Measurements. Total length, 196; tail vertebra, 106; hind foot,
Ag
269. inexpectatus (K/uthrodontomys), Elliot, Pub. Field Columb.
Mus., 111, 1903, p. 145. Zodlogy.
Patzcuaro Harvest Mouse.
Type locality. Patzcuaro, State of Michoacan, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Similar to RK. levipes, but whitish on under parts
instead of pale fulvous, and tip of tail white; ears large; tail long.
Color. Upper parts mixed black and tawny ochraceous; sides
ochraceous buff; chin, upper part of throat, hands, and feet white;
under parts grayish white, slightly tinged with buff; limbs like sides;
tail above blackish brown, tip white, beneath whitish; ears naked,
dark brown, with a slight edging of pale brown and a tuft of ochra-
ceous hairs at Base.
272 RHITHRODONTOMYS. ACODON.
Measurements. Total length, 180; tail vertebre, 113; hind foot,
21. Skull: length from alveolus of incisors to posterior margin of
palate, 9; palatal length, 5; length of nasals, 9; interorbital constric-
tion, 3; length of molar series, 4. (ex Type.)
270. dorsalis (Reithrodontomys!), Merr., Proc. Wash. Acad. Scien.,
Ill, ToeR 7. 55%,
GRAY-BACKED HARvest Mouse.
Type locality. Calel, Guatemala.
Genl. Char. Size large; molars small; rostrum long.
Color. Above grayish washed with buffy, and lined with black;
dorsal area blackish; sides ochraceous; beneath buffy white; lips, chin,
hands, and feet whitish; tail above dark, beneath whitish.
Measurements. Total length,171; tail vertebre, 92; hind foot, 19.
271. creper (Ketthrodontomys!), Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl.,
KEKIX) 1902, p. 40.
Dusky Harvest Mouse.
Type locality. Volcan de Chiriqui, Chiriqui, Panama. Altitude,
11,000 feet.
Genl. Char. Hind foot large; tail long; pelage long, silky.
Color. Dorsal region bistre; sides raw umber; under parts dark
cinnamon; hands and feet brownish; toes whitish; tail, basal two-
thirds uniform dusky, terminal third white; ears dusky.
Measurements. Total length, 215; tail vertebra, 130; hind foot,
23; ear, 15. Skull: basal length, 21.4; occipito-nasal length, 25.4;
mastoid width, 11.6; length of nasals, 8.8; length of palate, to palatal
notch, 10; length of palatal slits, 4.8; upper molar series, 4.2; single
half of mandible, 13.6. (Bangs, 1. c.)
The next genus is peculiarly a South American one, where, with
the exceptions mentioned below, all of its species are found.
53. Acodon.
lL; M.3 i= 16,
Akodon Meyen, Nova Acta Phys. Med. Acad. Caes. Leop. Carol.,
XVI, 1833, p. 599, tab. xxi, fig. 1. Type Akodon boliviensis
Meyen.
Abrothrix (sic) Waterh., Proc. Zoél. Soc., 1837, p. 21.
g, soft; tail short, hairy; ears hairy; thumb with a short
nail. First molar with two indentations on both sides, the second
molar one, and the third molar with one on outer side only.
Fur long
ACODON,
FIG. 44. ACODON TEGUINA.
No. 7o1r Am, Mus, Nat. Hist. Coll.
UPPER TOOTH ROW,
Enlarged to times,
Enlarged 3 times.
LOWER TOOTH ROW,
Enlarged to times,
KEY TO.THE SPECIES AND SUBSPEGIES:
A. Upper parts reddish brown and black.
2
J
Upper parts Vandyke brown.......
I
C. Upper parts yellowish brown. Small....
I
). Upper parts dark yellowish brown...
Lil PX teruina (Hes peromys), Alston, Prox
ALSTON’S Mouse.
Type locality. Coban, Guatemala.
)
Geogr. Distr. Range unknown.
A. teguina
ss titiits wn 's-2 PUREE UGS
A. trazu
Se Rene 1. xerampelinus
. ZOOl. SOC., Leo, Oe Fisk,
274 ACODON.
Genl. Char. Tail about as long as body without head, hairy; ears
moderate, rounded, sparsely covered with hair.
Color. Above reddish brown, lined with black; chin, throat, and
breast grayish reddish brown; belly deep fawn; tail, feet, and ears
dusky.
Fic. XLII]. ACODON TEGUINA. ALSTON’S MOUSE.
Measurements. Total length, 134; tail, 52; hind foot, 42; ear, ro.
Skull: occipito-nasal length, 20.5; Hensel, 16; zygomatic width, 11.5;
interorbital constriction, 4; length of nasals, 6; palatal length, 8.5;
length of upper tooth row, 3.5.
a —apricus (Akodon), Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., XXXIx, 1902,
p. 40.
BoguETE MOUSE.
Type locality. Boquete, Chiriqui, Panama. Altitude, 4,000-5,000
feet.
Genl. Char. Similar to A. teguina, but paler.
Color. Above Vandyke brown; dorsal region and top of head
dusky; beneath dull cinnamon rufous; tail, hands, feet, and ears
blackish.
Measurements. Total length, 125-142; tail vertebre, 50-58; hind
foot, 18; ear, 13. Skull: basal length, 20.2; occipito-nasal length, 23;
zygomatic width, 12; mastoid width, 10.8; interorbital width, 4.6;
length of nasals, 9; width of nasals, 2.8; length of palate, to palatal
notch, 9.6; upper molar series, 4; length of single half of mandible,
12.8. (Bangs, l. c.)
273. irazu (Akodon), Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1904, p. 46.
VouLcaNno oF [RAzu MOUSE.
Type locality. Volcan de Irazu, Costa Rica.
Genl. Char. Smaller than A. teguina, with smaller ears.
ACODON. 275
Color. Upper parts yellowish brown; under parts buffy brown.
Measurements. Total length, 125; tail vertebra, 50; hind foot,
17. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 22; Hensel, 17; zygomatic breadth,
11.5; mastoid breadth, 10; interorbital constriction, 4; length of
nasals, 8.3; palatal length, 8; length of upper tooth row, 4; length of
mandible, condyle to base of incisors, 11.
274. xerampelinus (Akodon), Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zoél., xxx1x,
1902, p. 41.
Bancs’ Rep Mouse.
Type locality. Volcan de Chiriqui, Chiriqui, Panama. Altitude,
16,200 feet.
Genl. Char. Similar to A. teguina, but paler.
Color. Above yellowish brown; beneath broccoli brown; hands,
feet, tail, and ears blackish.
Measurements. Total length, 145; tail vertebre, 65; hind foot,
17; ear, 14. Skull: basal length, 19.2; occipito-nasal length, 22.6;
zygomatic width, 11.6; mastoid width, 10.8; interorbital width, 4.2;
length of nasals, 2.6; length of palate, to palatal notch, 9.6; upper
molar series, 4; length of single half mandible, 13. (Bangs, l. c.)
The Wood Rats are among the handsomest species of the Murid@
in North America. They are large in size, with a velvety fur, in
some as soft as spun silk, with the upper parts mouse color, brown,
or even a reddish hue, and white under parts, hands, and feet. One
of the genera, NEoTOMA, presents the usual rat tail, scaly, long, and
naked; but another, TEoNoMA (north of United States and Mexican
boundary), has a tail similar to a squirrel’s, hairy, at times almost
bushy, and the members of this genus are very handsome animals
indeed. Being almost strictly nocturnal, the Wood Rat is not often
seen by day, but as soon as darkness falls, if the cabin of the woods-
man is near its haunts, it will be overrun with these animals, and
they will be seen on floors and shelves and other parts of the home
diligently seeking food. In such places they become very bold.
climbing upon the bed and racing over the body of its sleeping oc-
cupant. The naked-tailed species seems to have the majority of num-
bers, but in appearance are excelled by the bushy-tailed. The sub-
family has various genera, the members of which are more or less
closely allied to each other, but none equal in size and general ap-
pearance those of NEotoma and TEONOMA.
276 NEOTOMA,
Subfam. Il. Neotominee. Wood Rats.
o4. Neotoma.
l=; MS= r€.
1 I XS es |
C. H. Merriam, The Neotomine, with a description of a new genus
and spectes and a synopsis of the known forms. Proc. Acad. Nat.
scien. Phil., 1894, p. 225.
Neotoma Say & Ord, Journ. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil., 1825, p. 345,
pls. xx1, xxl. Type Neotoma floridana Ord.
Skull long; zygomatic width equals half the length of skull; edge
of maxilla bounding antorbital foramen, rounded; the foramen broad
and open above, compressed into a somewhat narrow slit below;
intermaxille reaching back to interorbital region; nasals much shorter;
palate terminating with a concave border posterierly between last
two molars; audital bulle small, their axes oblique to that of the
skull; occipital plane of skull perpendicular, at right angles to the
superior surface; process of jugals descending downward and backward,
Fic. 45. NEOTOMA MICROPUS.
No. 4895 Field Columbian Mus. Coll. Nat. size.
UPPER TOOTH ROW. LOWER TOOTH ROW.
Enlarged § times. Enlarged § times.
hs)
P
NEOTOMA, 277
that of squamosal joining it at almost a right angle. Mandible with
long, acute, coronoid process, higher than condyle; roots of lower
incisors causing protuberances on each side of the jaw; upper molar
teeth with usually one internal and two external reéntrant loops;
first and second lower molars with two external and two internal
loops; last molar with only one of each; upper molars three-rooted ;
‘lower with but two roots.
A. Neotoma. Naked-tailed Wood Rats.
Tail long, naked, round.
ME Yolo brBeli sean SUBSPE CIES.
A. Tail naked, scaly, round.
a. Size large.
a.’ Under parts whitish or yellowish white.
a.’’ Tail unicolor. PAGE
a./’’ Tail all black; upper parts mummy
brown and brownish black ..........N.distincta 278
b.’” Tail all dusky; upper parts reddish
Inienviama lackey es ye Loe ea te hd N. fuscipes 278
Tail brownish black above, pale
brown beneath; upper parts reddish
Jougop\@el thee Mo] 2c) aah ee N.f. macrotis 279
by Lail bicolor.
a.’ Above pale Vandyke brown..........1 N. torquata 279
b.’’” Above grayish fulvous and black....N.cumulator 280
Me mMOen WArtSiOAMC SIAL .y 5... ee ce od N.bryantt 280
b. Size medium or small.
a.’ Under parts white. Tail bicolor.
a; mAbovemusty red and black............ NV. ferruginea 280
b.”” Above grayish lead color and dark
TERION 0%, 1 ee a N.micropus 281
c.’’ Above ochraceous buff and black.
ee MME eins of vs se Me ei eS eG N. leucodon 281
Pee is Sa coy ole sate bo av esis dN AODYITOMS- | 282
d.’’ Above pale yellowish brown and dark
IMEI RES Mr Sa ess daz Glace aw ob is LM IAMECOMG, 9282
e.’’ Above buffy ochraceous and black......... N.navus 282
f.’’ Above dark fulvous brown and black..... N. sinaloe 283
g.’’ Above grayish brown and black, tinged
with fulvous.
a.’ Hairs on middle of body beneath
WMD OM OGG lac ss ss 8 oe Wa ean miele os N. arenacea 283
278 NEOTOMA.
b.’”” Entire under parts white to roots of PAGE
PUIG 4-4. « send. a eeotieeers Sa N. anthonyi 283
h.”” Above light brownish gray and black. ..N.intermedia 284
i.’ Above mixed ochraceous buff and black
SEP OE Ev ie dieters b| fe N.1t.melanura 284
j."’ Above fulvous and black..........1 N. 4. angusticeps 285
k.’’ Above pale yellowish brown and black.
a OGD MeO EDS a8’, > =... 43°< va eae N.1. albigula 285
b,””? qh otal: Teun ae Gre... i.» vst eee N. 1%. durange 285
1.” Above ochraceous buff; salmon pec-
toral: SOU: Steeda 4 «\: sips batten N. ortzabe 286
m.’’ Above dark brown tinged with yellow-
:) er. mee irrmre shen are
n.’”’ Above cream buff, finely lined with
LB Cle ro ba omnes SN oer ers N. b. felipensis 286
0.’ Above orange rufous.
a7 ail we Oe mare. ascii: «4 MPRA A mace eee N. picta 287
b.’”’ Tail above brownish...............N.4sthmica 284
pi’ Above Terrgineousn’ fro 60. < soa. see N. parvidens 288
Ga, “Above dank brow . xi cee alco, a nee N. tropicalis 288
r./’ Above buffy grayish and black........J N. goldmanit 288
Db." Under parts pale fulvowss is .4 sane ee N. fulviventer 288
275. distincta (Necotoma), Bangs, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. ,xv1, 1903, p. 89.
TexoLto Woop Rar.
Type locality. Texolo, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Tail black; rostrum swollen over roots of incisors.
Color. Upper parts mummy brown; back sprinkled with hairs
tipped with brownish black; sides paler; sides of nose and upper lips
dull grayish brown; chin, upper throat and narrow belly stripe dull
gray; pectoral collar ochraceous buff; rest of under parts yellowish
white; hands and feet dull grayish brown; fingers and toes white;
tail black; ear naked, dusky.
Measurements. Total length, 370-417; tail vertebre, 165-206;
hind foot, 4o-41; ear, 20-26. Skull: basal length, 43; occipito-nasal
length, 48; zygomatic width, 25; mastoid width, 19.4; interorbital
constriction, 5.2; length of nasals, 5.6; length of palate, to palatal
notch, 22.2; length of palatal slits, 10.6; length of upper molar series,
9.4; length of single half mandible, 29.6.
276. fuscipes (Neotoma), Baird, N. Amer. Mam., 1857, p. 495. Elliot,
Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 158.
monochrura Rhoads, Amer. Nat., xxvii, 1894, p. 67.
splendens True, Proc. U.S Nat. Mus., 1894, p. 353.
NEOTOMA, 279
Dusky-rootep Woop Rat,
Type locality. Petaluma, Sonoma County, California,
Geogr. Distr. Coast region of California and Oregon, from Mon-
terey Bay to the Columbia River. State of Durango, Mexico? (Sclater.)
Genl. Char. Tail nearly as long as head and body; size large;
hind feet short; scles naked.
Color. Above mixed reddish brown and black; sides reddish
brown; dorsal region darkest; limbs outside to wrists and ankles
like the back; feet dusky; under parts yellowish white; tail dusky
all around.
Measurements. Total length, 410; tail vertebra, 198; hind foot,
41. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 54; Hensel, 44; zygomatic width,
27; interorbital constriction, 6; length of nasals, 19; palatal length,
24; length of upper tooth row, 9; length of mandible, 26.
a.—macrotis (Neotoma), Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 6th Ser.,
Bite Coda ——. agar allot, Syn. Ni: Am, Mami, 1902,
Dots...
simplex True, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1894, p. 354.
LARGE-EARED Woop Rat.
Type locality. San Diego, San Diego County, California.
Geogr. Distr. Lower California, Mexico, and southern California.
Genl. Char. Similar to N. jusctpes, but smaller, and feet white;
hairs on central portion of under parts white to the roots. Tail short.
Color. Above mixed reddish brown and black; lighter on sides;
dorsal area darkest; feet and entire under parts white; tail above
brownish black, beneath pale brown.
Young specimens have none, or very little, of the reddish brown
color, but are a pale yellowish brown, and the belly is often tinged
with buff. This pelage is the most common and may also represent
that of winter.
Measurements. Total length, 404; tail vertebrae, 195; hind foot,
Al; ear, 32.5. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 43; Hensel, 34.5; zygo-
matic width, 22; interorbital constriction, 6; length of nasals, 16;
palatal length, 19; length of upper tooth row, 8; length of mandible, 21.
277. torquata (Neoloma), Ward, Amer. Nat., Xxv, 1891, p. 160.
CoLLARED Woop Rat.
Type locality. Between Tetela del Volcan and Zacualpan Amil-
pas, State of Morelos, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. State of Morelos, Mexico. Type locality only.
Genl. Char. Breast collar pale Vandyke brown; hairs of belly
at base, gray; tail bicolor; soles naked.
280 NEOTOMA.
Color. Above pale Vandyke brown, hairs tipped with black;
darkest on dorsal line; under parts white with a yellow tinge; breast
crossed by a pale brown collar; chin white; hands and feet white;
tail covered with short hairs, above clove brown, sides and beneath
whitish; ears seal brown.
Measurements. Total length, 498; tail vertebrae, 160; hind foot,
35; ear, 21. Skull: total length, 45; zygomatic width, 23; length of
upper molar series, 9; length of mandible, 25; length of lower molar
series, 9.
278. cumulator (Neotoma), Mearns, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 1898, p.
503. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., rgor, p. 154.
CoLtector Woop Rat.
Type locality. Old Fort Yuma, San Diego County, California.
Geogr. Distr. Lower California and State of Sonora, Mexico,
southern California.
Genl. Char. Size large;*color similar to that of N. intermedia,
but paler; nasals broad anteriorly.
Color. Above grayish fulvous, lined with black; gray on limbs
and ochraceous buff on sides; feet and under parts white; tail black
above, white beneath; ears mixed gray and black.
Measurements. Total length, 406; tail vertebre, 188; hind foot,
37; ear, 30.5. Skull: greatest length, 47.5; greatest width, 23.
279. bryanti (Neotoma), Merr., Amer. Nat., Xx1, 1887, p. 191.
Cerros IsLAanpD Woop Rat.
Type locality. Cerros or Cedros Island, Lower California, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Known only from type locality.
Genl. Char. Size large; tail naked; specimen imperfect.
Color. General hue dark slate, on both upper and under parts;
fulvous patch behind ear; hands and feet white.
Measurements. Total length, 372; tail vertebra, 165; hind foot,
38; ear, 26. Skull: total length, 48; basal length, 44; zygomatic
width, 25; mastoid width, 20; interorbital constriction, 5; length of
nasals, 17.5; breadth of nasals anteriorly, 5; palatal length, 21;
length of upper molar series, 8.
280. ferruginea (Neotoma), Tomes, Proc. Zodél. Soc., 1861, p. 282.
Rusty Woop Rat.
Type locality. Duenas, Guatemala.
Geogr. Distr. Tehauntepec, State of Oaxaca, Mexico, south into
Guatemala.
Genl. Char. Tail about as long as head and body; similar to
N. fusctpes, but smaller and redder.
— © \
:
Pe,
NEOTOMA, 281
Color. Above rusty red, somewhat golden on the sides, and
mixed with black on the back; outside of arms and legs to wrists
and ankles, dusky; inner side of arms white, of legs grayish; sides
of lips and under parts white; tail above dusky, beneath paler.
Measurements. Total length, 343-353; tail vertebre, 165-177;
hind foot, 33-35. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 46; zygomatic width,
28; length of nasals, 20; length of upper molar series, 10.
Fic. XLII]. NEOTOMA MICROPUS. SMALL-FOOTED Woop Rat.
281. micropus (Neotoma), Baird, Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil., 1855,
D333 Elhot, syn. N.Am. Mamm., rooz,-p. 155.
canescens Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1891, p. 285.
SMALL-FOOTED Woop Rat.
Type locality. Charco Escondido, State of Tamaulipas, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. State of Tamaulipas, Mexico, northward to Okla-
homa and New Mexico.
Genl. Char. ‘Tail short, hardly two-thirds the length of the body;
ears large; feet small, soles naked.
Color. Above grayish lead color, lined with dark brown; sides
paler; shoulders and flanks occasionally tinged with yellowish brown;
under parts and feet white; tail above dusky, beneath grayish white.
Measurements. Total length, 359; tail vertebrae, 185; hind foot,
36; ear, 30.. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 49; Hensel, 36; zygomatic
width, 24; interorbital constriction, 6; length of nasals, 6.5; palatal
length, 19; length of upper tooth row, ro; length of mandible, condyle
to alveolus of incisor, 25.
282. leucodon (Neotoma), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 1x, 1894, p. 120.
WHITE-TOOTHED Woop Rat.
Type locality. San Luis Potosi, State of San Luis Potosi, Mexico.
282 NEOTOMA.
Geogr. Distr. States of Zacatecas, San Luis Potosi, and Vera Cruz,
Mexico.
Genl. Char. Similar to N. micropus in size; postpalatal notch
narrow; jugals short; molars white; upper first molar with two
internal salient angles.
Color. Above ochraceous buff, lined with black; face grayish;
under parts white, as are also the hands and feet; tail above blackish,
beneath white.
Measurements. Total length, 358; tail vertebre, 164; hind foot, 39.
283. latifrons (Neotoma), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Ix, 1894,
Px. Dem.
QUERENDARO Woop Rat.
Type locality. Querendaro, State of Michoacan, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. State of Michoacan, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Similar to N. leucodon, smaller; longer hind feet;
shorter tail.
Color. Above like N. leucodon; cheeks and sides tinged with
fulvous; under parts, hands, and feet white; tail above dusky, beneath
whitish.
Measurements. Total length, 350; tail vertebrz, 149; hind foot, 42.
284. mexicana (Neotoma), Baird, Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil., 1855,
p: 333. Elliot; Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901p. 155:
Mexican Woop Rat.
Type locality. Mountains near Chihuahua, State of Chihuahua,
Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. State of Chihuahua, Mexico, north into New
Mexico and Texas.
Genl. Char. Ears large; feet small; soles naked. Nasal bones
end on the same line posteriorly, and do not extend backward to
the anterior extremity of orbits; highest point of condyle higher
than coronoid process.
Color. Above pale yellowish brown, lined with dark brown; sides
yellowish brown; outside of legs, feet, and under parts white; tail
dusky above, whitish beneath.
Measurements. Total length, 340; tail vertebre, 151; hind foot,
37; ear, 32. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 44.5; Hensel, 35; zygomatic
width, 23; interorbital constriction, 6; length of nasals, 17; palatal
length, 19; length of upper tooth row, 7; length of mandible, 22.
285. navus (Neotoma), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XVI, 1903, p. 47:
ActIvE Woop Rat.
Type locality. Sierre Guadalupe, State of Coahuila, Mexico.
NEOTOMA. 283
Genl. Char. Size medium; tail long. Skull: frontals expanded
posteriorly, forming supraorbital shelves; bullae small; teeth slender,
with anterior lobe of first upper molar having a deep notch on inner
side, as in N. mexicana.
Color. Upper parts and sides of face buffy ochraceous, lined
with black; head grayish; under parts white, the plumbeous under
fur showing; axille salmon; tail dusky above, white below; hands
and feet from wrists and ankles white.
Measurements. Total length, 350; tail vertebre, 164; hind foot,
34. Skull: basal length, 37; zygomatic width, 21.5; palatal length,
21.5; length of upper molar series, alveolar border, 8.5.
286. sinaloz (Neotoma), Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1898, p. 149.
SINALOA Woop Rat.
Type locality. Tatameles, State of Sinaloa, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. State of Sinaloa, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Similar to N. mexicana; tail longer; bulle small.
Color. Upper parts dark fulvous brown mixed with black; under
parts, hands and feet white; tail above blackish brown, beneath
lighter.
Measurements. Total length, 315-332; tail vertebre, 155-160;
hind foot, 31-32. Skull: total length, 41.5; basal length, 37; zygo-
matic width, 21.5; mastoid width, 15.2; interorbital constriction,
4.8; length of nasals, 15.4; palatal length, 17; length of upper tooth
Tow, 7.
287. arenacea (Neotoma), Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1898,
De TsO:
LOWER CALIFORNIA Woop Rat.
Type locality. San José del Cabo, Lower California, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Cape Region, Lower California, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Similar to N. f. macrotis, but smaller and paler;
intermaxille extending beyond nasals; supraorbital bead on frontals.
Color. Upper parts grayish brown mixed with black, tinged with
fulvous; outside of forearm and leg blackish; under parts, hands, and
feet white; hairs on median band white to roots; rest plumbeous at
base; tail above blackish brown, beneath grayish white.
Measurements. Total length, 349; tail vertebre, 164-167; hind
foot, 35-36. Skull: total length, 46.2; basal length, 41; zygomatic
width, 23.5; mastoid width, 17.2; interorbital constriction, 5.3; length
of nasals, 18.2; palatal length, 15; length of upper molar series, 7.
288. anthonyi (Neotoma), Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1808,
eel SE.
284 NEOTOMA.
Topos Santos IsLanp Woop Rat.
Type locality. Todos Santos Island, Lower California, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Known from type locality only.
Genl. Char. Nasals rounded anteriorly; slight supraorbital bead;
first upper molar with sulcus on anterior internal border. Size small.
Color. Upper parts grayish brown, slightly mixed with black,
and tinged with fulvous; forearm above externally and outer side
of leg blackish; under parts, hands, and feet white to roots of hairs;
tail above blackish brown, beneath grayish white.
Measurements. Total length, 330-345; tail vertebra, 132-146;
hind foot, 34-36; ear, 23-25. Skull: total length, 46; basal length,
42; zygomatic width, 25; mastoid width, 18.2; interorbital constric-
tion, 4.8; length of nasals, 18; palatal length, 18; length of upper
molar series, 8.
289. intermedia (Neotoma), Rhoads, Am. Nat., xxvitl, 1894, p. 69.
Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 161.
californica Price, Proc. Calif. Acad. Scien., 1894, p. 154, pl. xI.
venusta True, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1894, p. 247, Sept.
Ruoaps’ Woop Rat.
Type locality. Dulzuras, San Diego County, California.
Geogr. Distr. Lower California, Mexico, and southern California,
south of the Bay of Monterey.
Genl. Char. Size small; tail slender, short, bicolor; ears large;
soles naked.
Color. Above light brownish gray, lined with black; chin, center
of breast, inside of legs, and feet, white; rest of under parts soiled
grayish buff; tail above sooty blackish, beneath white.
Measurements. Total length, 318; tail vertebre, 160; hind foot,
35; ear, 28. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 42; Hensel, 33; zygomatic
width, 20; interorbital constriction, 5.5; length of nasals, 16; palatal
length, 18; length of upper molar series, 8.5; length of mandible, rg.
a.—melanura (Neotoma), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 1x, 1894,
D. tau.
BLACK-TAILED Woop Rat.
Type locality. Ortiz, State of Sonora, Mexico.
Geogr Distr. State of Sonora, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Size small; first upper molar has the ‘‘anterior loop
partly divided by antero-internal sulcus.”
Color. Winter Pelage. Upper parts mixed black and ochraceous
buff; sides ochraceous; under parts, hands, and feet white to roots of
hairs, except on sides of belly, where the bases are plumbeous at
roots; ankles blackish; tail black above, white beneath.
NEOTOMA. 285
Measurements. Total length, 333; tail vertebre, 170; hind foot,
S4; ear, 25.
b.—angusticeps (Neotoma), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 1x, 1894,
pete7. Elhot, synt N. Am, Mamm., 1901, p162;
NARROW-HEADED Woop Rat. .
Type locahity. Southwest corner Grant County, New Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Northern Mexico (State of Chihuahua), and south-
western New Mexico.
Genl. Char. Similar to N. 17. albtgula; ears smaller; color more
fulvous.
Color. Above fulvous; ochraceous buff on head, lined with black;
feet and under parts creamy white to roots of hair, except on belly,
where the base of hairs is plumbeous; tail grayish brown above,
white beneath.
Measurements. .Total length, 335; tail vertebrz, 150; hind foot,
33; ear, 25. Skull: basal length, 42; Hensel, 39.5; zygomatic width,
24; interorbital constriction, 6.
c.—albigula (Neotoma), Hartley, Proc. Calif. Acad. Scien., 2d Ser.,
ne94,p- 57. pl xii. Elliot, Syn. N. Aim. Mamm., 1907, p. 162:
WHITE-THROATED Woop Rat.
Type locality. Vicinity of Fort Lowell, near Tucson, Pima County,
Arizona.
Geogr. Distr. State of Sonora, Mexico, north into Arizona.
Genl. Char. Similar to both N. intermedia and N. mexicana, but
the yellow ground color of upper parts and sides is deeper and the
general color is lighter.
Color. Above pale yellowish brown mixed with black; central
line on back darker; sides pale yellow mixed with a pale brown; feet
dusky white; under parts grayish white, except throat, which is
pure white to base of hairs; tail blackish brown above, soiled white
beneath; ears light brown on naked part.
Measurements. Total length, 342; tail vertebre, 153; hind foot,
32. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 44; Hensel, 37; zygomatic width,
23; interorbital constriction, 5; length of nasals, 16; palatal length,
20; length of upper tooth row, alveolar border, 6.5; length of man-
dible, angle to alveolus of incisor, 20.5.
d.—durange (Neotoma), Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1903,
p.60z
Duranco Woop Rat.
Type locality. San Gabriel, State of Durango, Mexico. Altitude,
7,000 feet.
286 NEOTOMA.
Genl. Char. “‘Externally similar to N. 2. albigula, but averaging
rather larger, with a shorter and broader skull and much heavier
dentition.’’ (Allen, 1. c.)
Measurements. Total length, 356; tail vertebra, 159; hind foot,
32; ear from notch, 30. Skull: total length, 45; Hensel, 38; length,
of nasals, 18; zygomatic width, 24; width of braincase above zygo-
mata, 18.5; mastoid width, 18; interorbital constriction, 6; length of
upper tooth row, 9.
290. orizabze (Neotoma), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 1x, 1894,
p- TYAS
Or1zABA Woop Rat.
Type locality. Mt. Orizaba, State of Puebla, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. States of Puebla, Tlaxcala and Vera Cruz, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Similar to N. fulvienter, but more buffy ochraceous
above, and white on belly; feet shorter.
Color. Above ochraceous buff, mixed with black on back; head
grayish; under parts, hands, and feet white; on each side of breast
a spot of salmon color; tail above dusky, beneath whitish.
Measurements. Total length, 356; tail vertebra, 163; hind foot, 33.
291. tenuicauda (Neotoma), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., vit, 1892,
Px.2Og;
SLENDER-TAILED Woop Rat.
Type locality. North slope of the Sierra Nevada de Colima, State
of Colima, Mexico. Altitude, 12,000 feet.
Geogr. Distr. State of Colima, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Size small; tail and ears almost naked.
Color. Above dark brown, tinged with yellowish fulvous; darker
on flanks; under parts whitish; salmon color at arm pits; hands and
feet whitish; tail above dusky, beneath whitish.
Measurements. Totai length, 340; tail vertebre, 160; hind foot, 31.
bella felipensis Elliot, Pub. Field Columb. Mus., 1903, II, p. 217.
Zoology.
SAN Fevipe Desert Rat.
Type locality. San Felipe, Gulf of California, Lower California,
Mexico.
Genl. Char. Largest of the pale colored desert rats, nearest to
N. bella; feet and ears larger; tail longer. Skull with shorter and
broader nasals, shorter pterygoid fossa, wider basioccipital and basi-
sphenoid; bulla much smaller; braincase narrower posteriorly.
Color. Upper parts cream buff, lined with black; sides cream
color; lips, hands, feet, lower portion of sides, and under parts pure
white; basal part of hairs on side and under parts plumbeous, except
NEOTOMA. 287
on chin, center of breast, and a line down through the center of the
abdomen to anal region, which have the hairs white to the roots; tail
dusky above, whitish beneath; ears pale brown.
Measurements. Total length, 335; tail vertebre, 158; hind foot,
34; ear, 34. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 41; Hensel, 34; zygomatic
breadth, 21; interorbital constriction, 5; width of braincase at root
of zygomata, 18; posterior width, 14; palatal arch to alveoli of
incisors, 19; postpalatal length, 15; median length of nasals, 15;
posterior width of nasals, 2.5; anterior width of nasals, 4.5; palatal
arch to hamular processes of pterygoids, 7; width of basioccipital
anteriorly, 8; length of upper molar series, 7; length of mandible,
angle to alveolus of incisor, 23; height at condyle, 11; at coronoid
process, 12.5; length of lower molar series, 8.
29la. *picta (Neotoma), Goldman, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xvu,
1904, p. 79.
PaintTED Woop Rat.
Type locality. Chilpancingo, State of Guerrero, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Size medium; tail long, slender.
Color. Upper parts orange rufous, sprinkled with black on head
and back; beneath white, plumbeous under fur showing; axille
orange rufous; tail above dusky, beneath paler; hands yellowish
white; feet dusky; toes white; ears dusky.
Measurements. Total length, 368; tail vertebre, 180; hind foot,
37. Skull: greatest length, 43.3; Hensel, 35; zygomatic width, 23;
interorbital constriction, 5; length of nasals, 17.4; palatal length,
8.6; length of upper molar series, alveolar border, 8.7.
291b. isthmica (Neotoma), Goldman, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xvu,
LOOA,, Pp. O0:
IstHMIAN Woop Rat.
Type locahity. Tehuantepec, State of Oaxaca, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Size large; tail long, stout; ears medium.
Color. Above between orange rufous and ferrugineous; outer side
of forearms and hind legs grayish fulvous; top of head and back
sprinkled with black; under parts and inner sides of arms and legs
soiled white; tail above brownish, beneath paler; hands white; feet
dusky; toes white.
Measurements. Total length, 395; tail vertebrae, 198; hind foot,
38. Skull: greatest length, 48.4; Hensel, 38.4; zygomatic breadth,
23.7; interorbital constriction, 6.2; length of nasals, 19; palatal length,
8.3; upper molar series, alveolar border, 9.
*Descriptions of the four following Wood Rats were published too late to
be included in the regular numerical order.
288 NEOTOMA.
291c. parvidens (Neotoma), Goldman, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xvu,
1904, p. 81.
Juguira Woop Rar.
Type locality. Juquila, State of Oaxaca, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Size small; tail short.
Color. Upper parts ferrugineous; outer side of arms and legs
brownish fulvous; under parts white; axilla orange rufous; tail above
dusky, beneath paler; hands yellowish white; feet dusky ; toes yellowish
white.
Measurements. Total length, 295; tail vertebrae, 141; hind foot,
31. Skull: greatest length, 40.5; Hensel, 32.5; zygomatic breadth,
20.7; interorbital constriction, 5.3; length of nasals, 15.2; palatal
length, 7.3; upper molar series, alveolar border, 7.4.
291d. tropicalis (Neotoma), Goldman, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xvu,
1904, p. 81.
TropicAL Woop Rat.
Type locality. Totontepec, State of Oaxaca, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Size small; tail short, slender, thinly haired.
Color. Upper parts dark brown; cheeks, shoulders, and sides
fulvous; pectoral band salmon; under parts dull whitish; median line
on belly white; hands and feet dusky; toes whitish; tail above dusky,
beneath paler.
Measurements. Total length, 325; tail vertebra, 156; hind foot,
34. Skull: greatest length, 41.3; Hensel, 33.5; zygomatic breadth,
22.2; interorbital constriction, 5.8; length of nasals, 16.5; palatal
length, 7.9; length of upper molar series, alveolar border, 8.3.
292. goldmani (\eotoma), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 1903, p. 48.
GOLDMAN'S Rat.
Type locality. Saltillo, State of Coahuila, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Size small; tail short; ears large. Skull small and
rounded; frontals as in N. mexicana, but broader and flatter; nasals
wedge-shaped, truncate posteriorly; premaxille reaching beyond
nasals.
Color. Upper parts buffy grayish, lined with black; flanks bufty
ochraceous; head gray; cheeks buffy ochraceous; under parts, hands
and feet white; tail above dark brown, beneath whitish.
Measurements. ‘‘Average of four; total length, 279; tail verte-
bre, 128; hind foot, 30. Skull: basal length, 33; zygomatic width,
19; palatal length, 18.2; interorbital breadth, 5.5; upper molar
series, 7.""
293. fulviventer (Neotoma), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., tx, 1894,
p, 121.
NEOTOMA, NELSONIA, 289
FULVOUS-BELLIED Woop Rat.
Type locality. Toluca Valley, State of Mexico, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. State of Mexico, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Similar to N. tenuicauda, but larger; ears and feet
small; tail slender.
Color. Above fulvous, dusky on middle of back; under parts
pale fulvous; hands and feet white; tail above blackish, beneath
whitish.
Measurements. Total length, 356; tail vertebrae, 163; hind foot,
55. Nelsonia.
=) Me = 16,
>)
Nelsonia Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., x1, 1897, p. 277, figs. 14-15.
Type Nelsonia neotomodon Merriam.
Skull similar to that of a large Peromyscus, but flatter; antorbital
slits faintly notching upper surface of maxillary root of zygoma;
interior angle of antorbital slits protrudes forwards as processes; teeth
large; crowns flat, with deep reéntrant angles; third upper molar
with one deep external reéntrant angle separating the crown into
Fia. 46. NELSONIA NEOTOMODON.
No. go893 Am, Mus, Nat. Hist. Coll. Nat. size.
UPPER TOOTH ROW, LOWER TOOTH ROW.
Enlarged 6 times. Enlarged 6 times.
290 NELSONIA.
two unequal lobes; second lower molar with one external and one
internal re‘ntrant angle, separating the crown into two transverse
loops; the posterior occasionally exhibiting a second reéntrant angle;
third lower molar with one internal reéntrant angle, and a slight
external projection. The other molar teeth with patterns like those
of Neotoma and other allied genera.
KEY TO THE SPECIES,
A. Tail hairy, ears large, nearly naked. PAGE
a. Above grayish brown and black.......... N. neotomodon 290
b. Above dark slate gray, washed with pale
OCNTACEOUS 5s ss, RE a 2. 2. Gee N. goldmant 290
294. neotomodon (Ne/sonia), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., x1, 1897,
Dp. 270.
ZACATECAS Woop Rat.
Type locality. Mountains near. Plateado, State of Zacatecas,
Mexico. Altitude, 8,200 feet.
Geogr. Distr. State of Zacatecas, Mexico.
Genl, Char. Tail well haired; ears large, nearly naked.
Color. Above grayish brown, lined with black on lower back;
sides pale fulvous; under parts white; orbital ring black; arms and
legs dusky to ankles exteriorly; upper lip and side of nose white;
tail above dusky, beneath white, tip white; hands and feet white.
Measurements. Total length, 247; tail vertebra, 121; hind foot,
29. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 33; Hensel, 36; zygomatic width,
17; interorbital constriction, 5; length of nasals, 7; palatal length, 9;
length of upper tooth row, 6; length of mandible, ro.
295. goldmani (Ne/sonia), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Xv1, 1903,
p. 8o.
Mr. Tanciraro Woop Rat.
Type locality. Mt. Tancitaro, State of Michoacan, Mexico.
Genl, Char. Similar to N. neotomodon, but darker and grayer;
tail well haired. Skull more angular, flatter between orbits; vertical
lamella on anterior base of zygoma forming a spine; nasals narrower;
nostrils more constricted at base.
Color, Above dark slate gray, washed with pale ochraceous;
beneath white, plumbeous under fur showing; tail above dusky,
beneath paler. Young dark slate.
Measurements. Total length, 248; tail vertebrae, 122; hind
foot, 20.
XENOMYS. 291
Xenomys Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., vil, 1892, p. 160. Type
Xenomys nelsoni Merriam.
Sulla large, elongated, and parallel to axis of skull; vertical ridge
on anterior border of squamosal; this last terminates between pos-
terior root of zygoma and occiput; paroccipital processes long and
FiG. 47. XENOMYS NELSONI.
No. 45286 U.S. Nat. Mus. Coll. Enlarged %
292 XENOMYS, NEOTOMODON.
stout; upper molars with three roots, lower with two; the series
large, with flat crowns, and with rounded alternating closed triangles;
first upper molar with one anterior and one posterior closed loop, and
one external and two internal lateral closed triangles; second and
third upper molars with one anterior and one posterior closed loop
and one lateral closed triangle on each side; last lower molar deeply
incised on inner face by a reéntrant angle; on outer side is an anterior
and posterior-loop and a nearly closed triangle about the middle of
the tooth; supraorbital beads well developed; lachrymals and inter-
parietal large.
296. nelsoni (Yenomys), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., vu, 1892,
p. r6r,
Netson’s Woop Rat,
Type locality, Hacienda Magdalena, between City of Colima and
Manzanillo, State of Colima, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. State of Colima, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Size moderate; tail shorter than head and body.
Skull resembling that of Neotoma, but differing in the characters
given above.
Color. Above fulvous, mixed with black on the back; orbital
ring dusky; a white spot above the eye and one below root of ear;
lips and fore part of cheeks white, rest of face fulvous; under parts
creamy white; tail dark umber brown, unicolor; hands and feet
whitish.
Measurements. Total length, 300; tail vertebra, 143; hind foot,
30; ear from crown, 18; from anterior root, 22. (Ear lengths from dried
skin, others taken in the flesh.) Skull: occipito-nasal length, 40.6;
Hensel, 33.3; zygomatic width, 32; interorbital constriction, 6; length
of nasals, 14; palatal length, 19.3; length of upper tooth row, 8.6.
Neotomodon Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xu, 1898, p. 127. Type
Neotomodon alstont Merriam.
Skull broad; braincase short; molars rooted, large, crowns flat;
upper first and second molars with three external salient loops and
two reéntrant angles; and two internal salient loops and one reén-
trant angle; third upper molar small, rounded; lower first and second
molars with three salient loops and two reéntrant angles externally
NEOTOMODON. 293
and internally; third lower molar with two loops and one reéntrant
angle externally, and one internal anterior loop and one reéntrant
angle.
Fig. 48. NEOTOMODON ALSTONI.
No, 13887 Am. Mus, Nat. Hist. Coll. Enlarged %.
UPPER TOOTH ROW, LOWER TOOTH ROW
Enlarged 7 times, Enlarged 7 times,
KEY LO THE SPECIES.
A. Ears large, nearly naked; tail short, fur soft,
plantar tubercles, 6; mamme, 6.
a. Breast buffy.
a.’ Under parts white. PAGE
a. Lentertotal length, ara tit..7... 00d V. perotensis 293
be Simei tote! length, ro4.mm............0V omeabe 294
b.’ Under parts plumbeous, washed with
WYRE ENS coher at. 'a cas Reenter ns aoe CN N. alstont 294
297. perotensis (Neotomodon), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xu,
1898, p. 129.
Perote Woop Rat.
Type locahty. Cofre de Perote, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico.
Altitude, 9,500 feet.
Geogr. Distr. State of Vera Cruz, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Similar to N. alstont, but ears and tail shorter.
294 NEOTOMODON. TEANOPUS.
Color. Summer Pelage. Above grayish buff, dorsal band blackish;
sides buffy; under parts white, breast tinged with buffy; tail above
dusky, beneath white; hands and feet white.
Measurements. Total length, 212; tail vertebre, 91; hind foot, 24.
298. orizabe (Neotomodon), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., x11,
1898, Pp. 12g.
MountTaIn Woop Rat.
Type locality. Mt. Orizaba, State of Puebla, Mexico. Altitude,
9,500 feet.
Geogr. Distr. State of Puebla, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Smaller than the other species, and with shorter tail.
Color. Above buffy gray; under parts white, chest buffy; tail
above brownish, beneath white; hands and feet whitish.
Measurements. Total length, 194; tail vertebre, 81; hind foot, 24.
299. alstoni (Neotomodon), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., x11, 1898,
pi rey,
ALSTON’s Woop Rat.
Type locality. Nahuatzin, State of Michoacan, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. States of Michoacan, Morelos, and Mexico, Mexico.
Altitude, 8,500 feet.
Genl. Char. Size moderate; ears large; tail shorter than head and
body; hind feet large.
Color. Above grayish to fulvous brown, darkest on back; under
parts plumbeous washed with white; breast tinged with buff; tail
above dusky, beneath whitish; hands and feet white.
Measurements. Total length, 220; tail vertebra, 101; hind foot,
26.5. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 33; Hensel, 25.5; zygomatic
width, 17; interorbital constriction, 4.5; length of nasals, 12; palatal
length, 14; length of upper tooth row, 6.5; length of mandible, 14.5.
58. Teanopus.
=) iS x6.
A.
fe)
Ww
Teanopus Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 1903, p. 81. Type
Teanopus phenax Merriam.
Ears large, nearly naked; tail long, thickly haired; soles of feet
covered with small tubercles. Skull: audital bulle greatly inflated,
like those of NXenomys; antorbital slits large and broadly open;
sphenoid vacuities open; braincase without temporal shield; angle
TEANOPUS. 295
of jaw elongate, with lower border inflected and upturned, forming a
shallow trough as in Teonoma, infracondylar notch deep; last lower
molar with reentrant loop on inner side, passing in front of its mate
on outer side. (Merr., 1. c.)
Fig. 49. TEANOPUS PHENAX.
No, 95839 U.S. Nat. Mus. Nat. size. Tooth rows enlarged 6 times.
300. phenax (Teanopus), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xvi, 1903,
Doi:
CHEATING Woop Rat.
Type locality. Camoa, Rio Mayo, State of Sonora, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Similar to Hodomys vetulus in size and appearance.
Color. Above buffy gray; beneath yellowish white, plumbeous
under fur showing on posterior half; cheeks pale gray; outer side of
fore leg grayish dusky, inner side white; hind foot whitish; ankles
dusky, bordered beneath with white.
Measurements. Total length, 352; tail vertebre, 172; hind foot,
37.5. okull: occipito-nasal length, 42.5; Hensel, 35; zygomatic
width, 22; interorbital constriction, 5; length of nasals, 16; palatal
length, 18; length of upper molar series, 7; length of mandible, 23;
length of lower molar series, 8.
296 HODOMYS.
59. Hodomys.
fe 7 M.: 10.
1 I ; 5
Hodomys Merr., Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil., 1894, p. 232. Type
Neotoma allent Merriam.
Cranium long, narrow; squamosal and supraoccipital articulating;
bulla small, narrow anteriorly, shorter than molar series; pterygoid
fossa longer than broad; basioccipital broad; spheno-palatine vacui-
ties closed; mandible broadly expanded posteriorly; first and second
upper molars with four roots each, and the enamel fold on inner side
divides the middle transverse loop; three roots on third upper molar;
third lower molar with two salient and one reéntrant angle on each
side, and with or without an antero-external vertical sulcus.
Fig. 50. HODOMYS ALLENI.
No. So21 Field Columbian Mus, Coll. Nat, size
HODOMYS. 297
tive lOw nro rE CTE S;
PAGE
A. Above tawny ferrugineous; tail unicolor.......... H.allent 297
B. Above dull fulvous and black; tail bicolor....... H, vetulus 297
Fia. XLIV. HODOMYS ALLEN!I. ALLEN’S WooD RAT.
301. alleni (Neotoma), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., vil, 1892,
i LOS.
ALLEN’s Woop Rat.
Type locality. Manzanillo, State of Colima, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. State of Colima, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Size large; tail shorter than head and body, annu-
lations visible; molar series large; first and second upper molars with
a lateral triangle on each side; last lower molar S-shaped, and with a
re¢ntrant angle on outer side.
Color. Above tawny ferrugineous; sides of face mouse or bluish
gray; under parts white, basal portion of hairs plumbeous; tail
blackish, unicolor; hands and feet whitish.
Measurements. Total length, 472; tail vertebra, 225; hind foot,
46; ear, 29. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 52; Hensel, 45; zygomatic
width, 26; interorbital constriction, 5; length of nasals, 19; palatal
length, 23; length of upper molar series, 10; length of mandible, 26.
302. vetulus (Hodomys), Merr., Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil., 1894,
Be 230)
GraAy-FACED Woop Rar.
Type locality, Tehuacan, State of Puebla, Mexico.
Geogr. Disir. Southern Mexico, State of Puebla.
Genl. Char. Smaller than H. alleni; tail bicolor; feet white;
cranial characters comparatively on smaller scale, but palate propor-
tionately longer; frontals broader and less upturned at margins of
orbits; third lower molar without antero-external sulcus.
298 HODOMYS. MICROTUS.
Color. Above dull fulvous, mixed with black; face gray; under
parts whitish and washed with fulvous, the latter sometimes re-
stricted to sides of belly; tail above blackish, beneath whitish; fore
and hind feet white.
Measurements. Total length, 380; tail vertebre, 166; hind foot,
38; ear, 29. Skull: total length, 47; basal length, 41; Hensel, 39;
zygomatic width, 25; length of crowns of upper molar series, 9.
The Subfamily MicroTIn& contains the Meadow Mice of North
America. In general, these troublesome creatures (for they prove
to be great pests to the agriculturalist) inhabit low, swampy meadows,
near streams, along the banks of which their narrow runways can
readily be seen amid the grass; but others again are found in lofty
mountainous districts, and still others on thirsty plains. Small in
size, dark of pelage, and quick of movement, they are difficult to see
in the usually thick grass amid which they live, as their rather
stubby forms pass quickly before the observer. They make their
nests in burrows and are very prolific. From the true mouse they
are distinguishable by a short tail and legs, short, blunt muzzle, and
ears buried in the fur. There are numerous species and races, some
of the latter separated on such fine lines as to be practically indis-
tinguishable, and the entire group is divided into several subgeneric
sections, based mainly on the differences in the structure of the
teeth. These animals are the representatives in North America of
the voles of Europe. The species on the American Continent are
most numerous north of the United States and Mexican boundary line.
Subfam. III. Microtine. Meadow Mice, Voles, ete.
60. Microtus.
l.—; iM = 16.
I mS)
G. S. Miller. Genera and Subgenera of Voles and Lemmings. N.
Am. Faun., 1896, No. 12.
V. Bailey. Revision of the American Voles of the genus Microtus.
N. Am: Fawn.; 1900, No. r7.
Microtus Schrank, Faun. Boica, 1, 1st Abth., 1798, p. 72. Type Mus
arvalis Pallas.
Arvicola Lacép., Mém. 1’Instit.,. 1801, 111, p. 495.
Mynomes Rafin., Am. Month. Mag., 1817, II, p. 45.
Psammomys LeConte, Ann. N. Y. Lyc. Nat. Hist., 1830, p. 132.
(nec Cretzschmer.)
MICROTUS. 299
Pitymys McMurtr., Am. ed. Cuv., Anim. King., 1, App., 1831,
Pp- 434 (footnote).
Ammomys Bon., Sagg. Dist. Met. degli. Anim. Vert., 1831, p. 20
(footnote).
Pinemys Less., Hist. Nat. Mamm. et Ois. decouv. depuis, 1788;
Ouvre de Buff., v, 1836, p. 436.
Hemiotomys Selys Longchamps, Essai, Mon. Campagn. Envir.
Inieve;, 1836, pay, pl. zt.
Lagurus Glog., Hand-u-Hilfsb. Naturgesch., 1841, p. 97.
Neodon Hodg., Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 2d Ser., 111, 1849, p. 203.
Agricola Blas., Faun. Wirbelt. Deutsch., 1857, pp. 334-335, 368—
374, figs. 202-206.
Chilotus Baird, N. Am. Mamm., 1857, p. 516.
Paludicola Blas., Faun. Wirbelt Deutsch., 1857, pp. 333-334, 343-
368, figs. 183-201.
Pedomys Baird, N. Am. Mamm., 1857, p. 517.
Sylvicola Fatio., Les Campagn., Bass. Léman, Ass. Zo6dl. Léman,
Toy, -pp.04 72,0 pl eb, tes. «6215; pl. vi.
Ochetomys Fitzin., Sitzungb., K. Akad. Wiss. Wien., Lv1, 1867,
P- 47-
Praticola Fatio, Les Campagn. Bass. Léman, Ass. Zo6dl. Léman.,
m0 7, p: 202," (Part.)
Terricola Fatio, Les Campagn. Bass. Léman, Ass. Zodl. Léman,
Lez; .p- 36.
Micrurus Forsyth-Major, Alt. dell. Soc. Tosc. Scien. Nat., Pisa,
lit, 1370, 7p. 126:
Eremiomys Palyakoff Mem. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Petersb., xxxIx,
Suppl; E861, p35:
Neofiber True, Science, 1884, p. 34.
Campicola Schulze, Schrift. Natur. Ver. Harz. Wernig., v, 1890,
Pp: 240gene
Tetramerodon Rhoads, Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil., 1894, p. 282.
Aulacomys Rhoads, Am. Nat., 1894, p. 182.
Orthriomys Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., x11, 1898, p. 106.
Herpetomys Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., x11, 1898, p. 107.
Molars not rooted; mandibular molars without closed triangles
on outer side; upper incisors not grooved; root of lower incisor extends
back to third molar, displacing base of that tooth and terminating
above the dental foramina of the ascending ramus; tail terete, longer
than hind foot; posterior border of bony palate very variable; middle
part of zygoma only slightly expanded; postorbital process of squa-
mosal shelf-like.
300 MICROTUS.
Fig. 51. MicROTUS CALIFORNICUS HYPERYTHRUS.
No. 10758 Field Columbian Mus. Coll. Enlarged %&.
Tooth rows enlarged 6 times,
KEY TO SUBGENERA.
A. Upper third molar with three closed triangles,
lower second molar with four closed sections PAGE
and usually a posterior loop; lower third molar
B. Upper third molar with two closed triangles;
lower second molar with anterior pair of angles
confluent; lower third molar with three trans-
VOISE IGOPS). fo. Suisecc ale ol een he eee ee .Pitymys 303
C. Upper third molar with two closed triangles;
lower third molar with two closed triangles and
two: transverse logps).. .....< uae oN Le eee Orthriomys 304
D. Upper third molar with three closed triangles
and one crescentic loop; lower third molar
with two closed triangles, and two internal
transverse. loonsiiif..0 bo '/ Us Ale wh ae ae Herpetomys 305
A. Microtus,
Palate normal; lower third molar usually with three closed trian-
gles; lower first molar normally with five closed triangles and nine
salient angles; upper third molar normally with three closed trian-
gles and seven or eight salient angles; upper incisors not grooved;
MICROTUS. 301
mamme four to eight, two or four pectoral and two or four inguinal;
normal number eight; plantar tubercles six; soles moderately hairy.
KEY TO'SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OF THE SUBGENUS.
A. Size small. (Mamme four.)
a, Above dark brown and black; beneath chest- PAGE
i STALE SIDR, oo ok ya al ar M. fulviventer 301
b. Above mixed cinnamon; beneath buffy.....M.mexicanus 301
c. Above bistre and black; beneath plumbeous,
suied I 3G0 Aigayel igre haz)” 5 Ve eee eat M.m. pheus 302
B. Size large. (Mamme eight.)
Bee MOVE CAnK GANIC eo 0 tio. i... eas M.c. hyperythrus 302
303. fulviventer (Microtus), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xu,
1898, p. 106.
FULVOUS-BELLIED MEADOW VOLE.
Type locality. Cerro San Felipe, State of Oaxaca, Mexico. Alti-
tude, 10,200 feet.
Geogr. Distr. State of Oaxaca, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Similar to M. mexicanus, but redder.
Color. Above dark brown and black; under parts chestnut ful-
vous; tail blackish above, pale fulvous beneath.
Measurements. Total length, 154; tail vertebrae, 38; hind foot,
20. Skull: basal length, 25.4; length of nasals, 7.4; zygomatic width,
15.5; mastoid breadth, 12.4; length of upper molar series, alveolar
border, 6.5.
304. mexicanus (Hemiotomys), Sauss., Rev. Mag. Zoél., 2me Sér.,
LOOM eae
Mexican MeEapow VOLE.
Type locality. Mount Orizaba, State of Puebla, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Eastern part of State of Puebla, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Size small; tail short; ears large. Skull broad; incisive
foramina wide and short; first lower molar with six interior salient
angles; mammee four, two inguinal, two pectoral.
Color. Above mixed cinnamon and black, paler on sides; beneath
buffy; sides of nose cinnamon; tail above dusky, gray below; feet
gray. The above is properly the winter pelage, that of summer
being darker.
Measurements. Average of 1o adults: Total length, 138; tail
vertebre, 29; hind foot, 19.35; maximum, 148; 30; 20. Skull: basal
length, 24.5; zygomatic breadth, 15.3; mastoid width, 11.6; length
of nasals, 7.4; length of upper tooth row, alveolar border, 6.6.
(Bailey, N. Am. Faun., No. 17.)
302 MICROTUS.
a.—pheus (Arvicola), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., vil, 1892,
Dp. 17a;
Dark MeEapow VOLE.
Type locality. North slope of Sierra Nevada de Colima, State of
Jalisco, Mexico. Altitude, 10,000 feet.
Geogr. Distr. State of Jalisco, Mexico. High mountains.
Genl. Char. Size medium. Skull similar to that of M. mogollo-
nensis.
Color. Above bistre and black; under parts plumbeous, tinged
with drab; tail above sooty, beneath paler.
Measurements. Total length, 155; tail vertebre, 34; hind foot,
20.5; ear, 14. Skull: basal length, 25.2; zygomatic width, 15.5;
mastoid breadth, 12; length of nasals, 7.3; length of upper molar
series, alveolar border, 6.08.
MAT) M4 Vf Hy)
Fic. XLV. MIcROTUS C. HYPERYTHRUS.
REDDISH MEADOW VOLE.
californicus hyperythrus (Microtus), Eliot, Pub. Field Columb.
Mus., Ill, 1903, p. 161. Zodlogy.
ReppisH Meapow VOLE.
Type locality. San Quentin, Lower California.
Geogr. Distr. Sea-coast in the vicinity of San Quentin, up to
8,000 feet elevation in the San Pedro Martir Mountains, Lower Cali-
fornia, Mexico.
Genl. Char. More reddish in color than M. californicus; hind
foot longer, and tail about equal to that of M. californicus. Skull
much larger.
Color. Upper parts dark tawny, slightly lined with black; sides
paler; entire under parts plumbeous faintly washed with white;
hands and feet grayish buff; tail above dusky, beneath paler.
Measurements. Total length, 203; tail vertebre, 52; hind foot,
24.5; ear, 16. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 31; Hensel, 26; zygo-
MICROTUS. 303
matic breadth, 17.5; interorbital constriction, 3; length of nasals, 8.5;
palatal length, 14.5; mastoid breadth, 14; width of braincase above
auditory meatus, 10; length of upper tooth row, alveolar border, 6.5.
B. Pitymys.
Palate normal; lower third molar without closed triangles; lower
first molar with five closed triangles and nine salient angles; upper
third molar with two or three closed triangles and six salient angles;
mamme, four inguinal; plantar tubercles, five; soles hairy.
Fig. 52. Microtus (PITYMYS) QUASIATER.
No. 5064 Field Columbian Mus. Coll. Enlarged %.
UPPER TOOTH ROW. LOWER TOOTH ROW.
Enlarged 7 times. Enlarged 7 times.
305. quasiater (Arvicola), Coues, Proc. ‘Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil.,
1874, Palo.
CovrEs’ MEADow VOLE.
Type locality. Jalapa, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. State of Vera Cruz, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Similar to M. pinetorum, but darker.
Color. Upper parts dark chestnut brown; beneath blackish ash,
hoary in certain lights; tail above like the back, possibly a little
darker; hands and feet brownish.
304 MICROTUS.
in
Measurements. Total length, 124-130; tail vertebra, 16-18:
hind foot, 16.5—-17; ear, 13-14. Skull: occipito-nasal leneth, 24.s:
Q) / 3714 5 s,
Hensel, 22; zygomatic width, 19; interorbital constriction, 3.5: length
g
of nasals, 7.5; palatal length, 11.5; length of upper tooth row, 6.
C. Orthriomys.
First lower molar with one external and two internal closed
triangles, and two open triangles; third lower molar with one external
and one internal closed triangle and two internal transverse loops;
one reentrant angle between the two closed triangles; third upper
molar with one external and one internal closed triangle; anterior
loop in second and third upper molars pyriform.
Fic. 53. Microtus (ORTHRIOMYS) UMBROSUS.
No. 68508 U. S. Nat. Mus. Coll. Twice nat. size
UPPER TOOTH ROW, LOWER TOOTH ROW
Enlarged 7 times Enlarged 7 times
MICROTUS.
306. umbrosus (Microtus), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc.
pp. Loy.
Mount ZEMPOALTEPEC MEADOW VOLE.
Type locality. Mt. Zempoaltepec, State of Oaxaca, Mexico.
Altitude, 8,200 feet.
Geogr. Distr. State of Oaxaca, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Size rather large; tail long; ear short: color dark.
5?
Wash., XII, 1898,
)
Color. Above dusky, mixed with brown; under parts slate,
tinged with fulvous.
Measurements. Total length, 184; tail vertebre, 65; hind foot,
23. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 28; Hensel, 24.5; zygomatic width,
Fig. 54. Microtus (HERPETOMYS) GUATEMALENSIS.
No. 76793 U.S. Nat. Mus. Coll. Twice nat. size.
UPPER TOOTH ROW. LOWER TOOTH ROW.
Enlarged 6 times. Enlarged 6 times
306 MICROTUS.
15.5; interorbital constriction, 4.5; length of nasals, 7; palatal length,
13; length of upper tooth row, 7.
D. Herpetomys.
Third upper molar with two external and one internal closed
triangles and posterior crescentic loop, forming two internal salient
angles; first lower molar with one external and two internal closed
triangles, and two open triangles; third lower molar with one external
and one internal closed triangle, and one anterior and one posterior
obliquely transverse internal loop; plantar tubercles, 5; mamme, 6,
4 pectoral, 2 inguinal.
307. guatemalensis (Microtus), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xu,
1898, p. 108.
GUATEMALAN MEADOW VOLE.
Type locality. Todos Santos, State of Huehuetenango, Guate-
mala. Altitude, 10,000 feet.
Geogr. Distr. Guatemala, Central America.
Genl. Char. Size medium; color dark; tail short, with few hairs;
ears nearly hidden in fur. Skull: bulle large, swollen; incisive
foramina rectangular, truncate anteriorly and posteriorly; root of
zygoma anteriorly notched; jugals nearly parallel.
Color. Upper parts mixed black and golden fulvous; under
parts slaty black; lips white; tail blackish, unicolor.
Measurements. Total length, 155; tail vertebre, 40; hind foot,
21. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 26.5; Hensel, 23.5; zygomatic
width, 15; interorbital constriction, 4.5; length of nasals, 7.5; palatal
length, 13.5; length of upper molar series, 7.
The next genus FIBER contains the Muskrats, the species most
familiar to man probably of all the Muride, save those of the genus
Mus, which includes those species commonly called “‘house rats and
mice.’’ The habits of the Muskrat resemble in a considerable degree
those of the Beaver, and their large-domed houses, formed of sticks,
roots, and grasses are often seen rising from the surface of a pond or
lake. The general plan of these structures is very similar to a
beaver’s dwelling, and the entrance is beneath the water, with the
nest or sleeping apartment toward the roof so as to be, if possible,
above any sudden rise of the water. Holes in the banks by the side
of streams are often made, in which the Muskrat lives, and these
excavations sometimes cause the banks to cave in and a large portion
of ground to disappear beneath the stream. Muskrats are shy and
FIBER. 307
watchful, and are not often seen by day, but towards evening tl
become active and swim about in the vicinity of their homes, disap-
pearing with a loud splash beneath the surface if alarmed. Immense
numbers of muskrat skins are sold every year, and made into clothing
or linings for garments.
1ey
f= Ws = 76
bh I 33
iS
Fiber G. Cuv., Lecons d’Anat. Comp., 1, 1800, tab. 1. Type Castor
ztbethicus Linneus.
Fic. 55. FIBER ZIBETHICUS PALLIDUS.
No. 5422 Field Columbian Mus. Coll. Nat. size.
308 FIBER.
Ondatra Lacép., Tab. Mamm., 1799, p. 9. Less. Man., 1827, p.
286. (nec Link, 1795.)
Moschomys Billberg, Syn. Faun. Scandinav., 1, 1828, Mamm., Con-
spectus A.
Size large; hind feet oblique to the leg; tail flattened sideways
for nearly its entire length and fringed with stiff hairs; ears very
small, deeply buried in fur; muzzle furry, except nasal pads, which
are naked. Palms and soles naked, fringed with hairs, five-tubercled;
dentition and skull arvicoline; squamosals much expanded; parietals
reduced; interparietal nearly as long as broad; upper incisors almost
a circle in shape within and without the jaw; lower incisors enter jaw
to root of the condylar process; descending process of condyle ham-
ular and much twisted; palate terminates opposite middle of last
molar and has a median azygos protuberance; pterygoid fossa wide
and deep; nasals narrow posteriorly, widening rapidly anteriorly,
tumid, and terminating behind the incisors; interorbital constriction
excessive; processes of squamosal and maxilla have their ends in
contact; the jugal being merely a splint, not necessary for the con-
tinuity of the zygomatic arch.
zibethicus pallidus (Fiber), Mearns, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1890,
p. 280. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1go1, p. 213.
PaLE Musk Rat.
Type locality. Fort Verde, Yavapai County, Arizona.
Geogr. Distr. Lower California? and State of Sonora? north,
probably, to Montana.
Genl. Char. Size small, two-thirds that of the typical form. Skull
like that of the eastern muskrat, but smaller.
Color. Rusty brown, paler beneath; scattered hairs on tail liver
brown.
. Measurements. Total length, 500; tail vertebra, 203; hind foot,
69. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 56; Hensel, 52; zygomatic width,
37; interorbital constriction, 6; length of nasals, 19; palatal length,
31; length of upper molar series, 15; length of mandible, 37.
The Gophers, or Pouched Rats, as the mole-like creatures which
compose the next family are called, are stout, shapeless animals,
whose powerful shoulders and fore legs with enormous claws on the
front toes, suitable for digging, blunt head, minute eyes and small
ears, admirably fit them for a life under ground. In the localities
in which they abound their long tunnels ramify the soil in all direc-
tions and are indicated by the earth raised above the surrounding
GEOMYIDA:, 809
level, in the same manner as is witnessed in the case of moles. So
completely do they live in the ground that one is rarely seen upon it.
These animals are provided with cheek pouches, some of enormous
size reaching even to the shoulders, and these are convenient recep-
tacles for food and afford a means for transporting it from place to
place. In some localities Gophers are veritable pests, undermining
the soil with their endless galleries, and flinging the earth excavated
from these burrows on every side. In size these animals vary con-
siderably, some being as large as a full grown rat, and others again
not half that bigness. The pelage is exceedingly soft, even silky.
The skull is heavy, its muscles large and powerful, and the cutting
teeth strong and effective, adze-shaped. The family is divided into
two chief genera, Geomys and Thomomys, distinguished by the
presence or absence of median grooves on the incisors.
Fam. 1V. Geomyidz. Pouched Rats.
C. H. Merriam, Monographic Revision of the Pocket Gophers, N.
Am. Faun., No. 8, 1895.
Large, fur-lined cheek pouches present, opening outside the mouth.
Squamosals expanded; jugal extending to lachrymal; palate sloping
below level of zygomata, which are strong and flaring; molars rootless;
lower jaw strong; form arvicoline; fore feet fossorial; eyes and ears
minute.
REY TO THE GENERA.
A. Skull large, flat, rather massive; upper inci-
sors grooved; jugal extending to lachrymal;
mandible powerful.
a. Upper premolar with three enamel plates, the
posterior absent. PAGE
a, Uppermaimecisortisuleate..... 2. sce ems Geomys 310
b.’ Upper incisor unisulcate.
a.’/’ First and second upper molars with one
enamel plate each, posterior absent.
a.’’’ Squamosals not greatly expanded
laterally; orbitosphenoids articulat-
ing anteriorly with alisphenoids..... Cratogeomys
b.’”” Squamosals greatly expanded later-
ally; orbitosphenoids not articulat-
ing anteriorly with alisphenoids..... Platygeomys 316
b.’” First and second upper molars with two
enamel plates each.
311
x
310 GEOMYID&. GEOMYS.
a.’”’ Skull short, rounded; mesethmoid
higher than long, lower edge entering PAGE
between wings of vomer posteriorly. .Pappogeomys 320
b.’”" Skull elongate, flat; mesethmoid a
POI CTESOGNT Gh. oo es a Orthogeomys 322
Upper premolar with four enamel plates.
Posterior plate restricted to inner half... .. Heterogeomys 325
b.’ Posterior plate restricted to inner third.
Zygomatic arch not complete without
jugal . yl ee fs ce Macrogeomys 326
b.” Zygomatic arch normally complete
Without: jaealy sees se ol ccleaner Zygogeomys 330
B. Upper incisors without median grooves......... Thomomys 332
62. Geomys. Pocket Gophers.
I=; P=; Me = 3= 20.
Geomys Rafin., Am. Month. Mag., 1, No. 1, 1817, p. 45. Type
Geomys pinetis Raf. =Mus tuza Ord, 1815.
Saccophorus Kuhl, Beitr. Zodl. und vergl. Anat., 1820, p. 65.
Pseudostoma Say, Long’s Exped. Rocky Mts., 1823, I, p. 406.
Ascomys Licht., Abhand. K. Acad. Wiss. Berl., 1825, p. 20, fig. 2
Upper incisors grooved along the middle; first and second upper
molars with two enamel plates each, posterior one complete; root of
inferior incisor slightly protuberant; zygomata widest anteriorly;
posteriorly but little greater than mastoid breadth; parietals ridged;
audital bulla elongate, somewhat acute anteriorly, not greatly inflated;
basioccipital very broad posteriorly; pterygoid fossa wide; fore claws
immensely developed; mamme, three pair, two inguinal, one pectoral.
308. arenarius (Geomys), Merr., Mon. Geom., N. Am. Faun., No. 8,
1895, p. 139. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 219.
SAND-LOVING PocKET GOPHER.
Type locality. El Paso, El Paso County, Texas.
Geogr. Distr. From Juarez, State of Chihuahua, Mexico, north to
Las Cruces, and Valley of Upper Rio Grande from El Paso, and west
to Deming, New Mexico.
Genl. Char. Size medium, tail long, well haired, except tip; color
pale. Skull: no sagittal crest; prominent knob at distal end of
squamosal arm of zygoma; interparietal truncate posteriorly on plane
of lambdoid suture; occiput moderately bulging.
GEOMYS. CRATOGEOMYS, 311
Fic. 56. GEOMYS ARENARIUS.
No. 36114 U.S. Nat. Mus. Coll. Nat. size.
UPPER TOOTH ROW. LOWER TOOTH ROW.
Enlarged 7 times, Enlarged 7 times.
Color. Above drab brown, lined with black; under parts and
feet white.
Measurements. Total length, 258; tail vertebra, 88; hind foot,
33. Skull: basal length, 37.5—-40.5; Hensel, 34-37; zygomatic width,
24-28; interorbital breadth, 6—7; length of upper molar series, 7.5—8;
length of single half of mandible, 27—28.5.
63. Cratogeomys. Powerful Pocket Gophers.
Cratogeomys Merr., Mon. Geom., N. Am. Faun., No. 8, 1895, p.
150, pls. and figs. Type Geomys merriamt Thomas.
Upper incisor with a single groove, usually open; upper premolar
with three enamel plates, posterior absent; shaft convex forward;
upper and lower premolars subequal in length. First and second
upper molar with one enamel plate each, posterior absent. Last
upper molar with a deep sulcus on outer side, none on inner. Skull:
a depression extends obliquely across squamosals from root of zygoma
312 CRATOGEOMYS,
to occiput near median line; breadth of cranium posteriorly less
than zygomatic breadth; zygomata broad and heavy.
Fig. 57. CRATOGEOMYS CASTANOPS.
No. 4 Field Columbian Mus. Coll. Nat. size.
KEY.LO;SPE ClESFAND SUBSPRE GIES;
* A. Basioccipital truncate, wedge-shaped. (Sides
approximating anteriorly.)
a. Sagittal crest well developed.
a.’ Lower incisor strongly beveled on outer PAGE
SIGE A 0 Se Ree .eeeepere hyer es .C. merriamt 313
b.’ Lower incisor not beveled on outer side.
a.’’ Top of skull strongly convex in profile. ..C. fulvescens 316
b.” Top of skull nearly flat in profile.
a.’’’ Nasals normal, rather long and nar-
OW .C. perotensis 313
b.’’” Nasals short, narrow posteriorly,
broad anteriorly GCG. estor 278
* Merr. Mon. Geomyide, p. 151
CRATOGEOMYS, 313
b. No sagittal crest.
a.’ Outer face of upper incisor strongly bev- PAGE
28) See oo o> oe C. oreocetes 314
b.’ Outer face of upper incisor not beveled.... C. peregrinus 314
B. Basioccipital rectangular, its sides parallel.
aimosmmunand braincaselong..............55. C.castanops 315
Preoetrum short, bramease broad ............ C.c. goldmani 316
309. merriami (Geomys), Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 6th Ser.,
mi, 0303, Pp. 271, pls.,and: figs.
MeERRIAM’S PocKET GOPHER.
Type locality. ‘Southern Mexico.”’
Geogr. Distr. Walley of Mexico and Toluca Valley, State of
Mexico, and States of Puébla and Hidalgo. ‘South end of Valley
of Mexico to an altitude of 10,000 or 11,000 feet; east to Atlixco,
State of Puebla, north to Irolo, State of Hidalgo, and west to Ler-
main, Toluca Valley.’”’ (Merr.)
Genl. Char. Size large; tail moderately haired. Skull massive;
incisors very large; outer edge of enamel on lower incisors forming
a bead; squamosals covering parietals and meeting in a median crest.
Color. Upper parts varying from mixed chestnut brown and
black to slate black (melanistic); under parts paler; dusky patch
around and behind ears.
Measurements. Total length, 380; tail vertebre, 112; hind foot,
50. Skull: basal length, 51-70.5; Hensel, 46.5—64; zygomatic breadth,
35-49; interorbital width, 7.5-9.5; length of upper molar series,
I1.5-15.5; length of single half of mandible, 36.5—52.
310. perotensis (Cratogeomys), Merr., Mon. Geomyide, N. Am.
Faun.) Nowosnsos, p. 154, pl. 3, hp. 6.
PEROTE PocKET GOPHER.
Type locality. Cofre de Perote, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico.
Altitude, 9,500 to 12,000 feet.
Geogr. Distr. State of Vera Cruz, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Size smaller than C. merriami; hind feet and tail
hairy; no naked nose pad.
Color. Upper parts mixed fulvous and black; usually a white
patch at base of tail; dusky patch behind ear; under parts plumbeous
washed with fulvous; hind feet white basally, usually dark for remain-
ing portion, sometimes all white; tail dusky and white.
Measurements. Total length, 300; tail vertebre, 79; hind foot,
40. Skull: basal length, 51.5-55; Hensel, 47-51; zygomatic breadth,
37-39.5; interorbital width, 7-7.5; length of upper molar series,
10.5—12; length of mandible, 37.5—40.5.
314 CRATOGEOMYS.
310a. estor (Cratogeomys), Merr., Mon. Geomyide, N. Am. Faun., No.
&, 1805,.0. Esha eee ips. 4, 5.
Las Vicas Pocket GOPHER.
Type locality. Las Vigas, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico. Altitude,
8,000 feet.
Geogr. Distr. Northeastern foothills of Cofre de Perote and hills
to the north, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Smaller than C. perotensis; small naked nasal pad;
hind feet and tail hairy. Skull: superior outline nearly straight.
Color. Apparently there is no difference in the coloration of
this form and that of C. perotensis, the same description acting
equally well for both. |
Measurements. Total length, 315; tail vertebrae, 94; hind foot,
41. Skull: basal length, 52; Hensel, 47-51; zygomatic width, 38-38.5;
interorbital width, 7-8; length of upper molar series, 11; length of
mandible, 37.5—42.
311. oreocetes (Cratogeomys), Merr., Mon. Geomyide, N. Am. Faun.,
Noe 8, F805) p. Rs6) ple mgs: 1.2.
MountTAIN GOPHER.
Type locality. Mount Popocatepetl, State of Mexico, Mexico.
Altitude, 11,500 feet.
Geogr. Distr. Higher slopes of Mount Popocatepetl, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Size large; small nasal pad; tail nearly naked. Skull:
temporal ridges developed; lambdoid crest present; bulla sub-
globular; groove on upper incisors on inner side wide; outer side of
tooth beveled.
Color. Above dusky, head and middle of back darkest, washed
with pale brown; brown spot beneath eyes; fore feet dusky; hind
feet white.
Measurements. Total length, 318; tail vertebre, 92; hind foot,
43. Skull: basal length, 51; Hensel, 47; zygomatic width, 32.5;
interorbital width, 8; length of upper tooth row, 10.5; length of single
half of mandible, 36.
312. peregrinus (Cratogeomys), Merr., Mon. Geomyida, N. Am. Faun.,
Nov 8) 18980... 158, pliers. 3:
Mount IztaccinuaTL Pocket GOPHER.
Type locality. Mount Iztaccihuatl, State of Mexico, Mexico.
Altitude, 11,500 feet.
Geogr. Distr.. Higher slopes of Mount Iztaccihuatl, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Size medium; fore foot large, claws nearly equaling
hind foot and claws; nasal pad small. Skull: zygomata broad and
bowed outward, rostrum short; nasals broad; premaxille broad,
CRATOGEOMYS. 315
reaching the plane of the orbit; cranium broad posteriorly, the
squamosals expanding laterally; audital bullae short; a single broad
groove on upper incisor.
Color. Above mixed dusky and whitish; throat and sides of
face darker; under parts paler; hind feet whitish; fore feet similar
to but darker than upper parts; tail dusky.
Measurements. Total length, 304; tail vertebrae, 87; hind foot,
42. Skull: basal length, 52; Hensel, 47.5; zygomatic width, 35; inter-
orbital width, 7.5; length of upper molar series, 11.5; length of single
half of mandible, 37.
Fic. XLVI. CRATOGEOMYS CASTANOPS.
CHESTNUT-FACED POCKET GOPHER.
313. castanops (Pseudostoma), Baird, Rep. Stansb. Exped. to Great
salt Lake, 1852, p. 313.
clarkit, Baind,, Proc. Acad! Nat. Scien. Phil., 1855, p. 332:
castanops (Cratogeomys), Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1go1, p. 220.
CHESTNUT-FACED PocKET GOPHER.
Type locality. Prairie Road to Bent’s Fort, near the present
town of Las Animas, Bent County, Colorado, on the Arkansas River.
Geogr. Distr. States of Chihuahua and Coahuila, Mexico, north
to Colorado.
Genl. Char. Size medium; tail medium. Skull broad, heavy; basi-
occipital rectangular; sides parallel; rostrum and braincase long;
superior profile convex; end of maxillary root of zygoma greatly
expanded, forming a plate.
Color. Above yellowish brown mixed with black; beneath buffy,
plumbeous base of hairs visible; fore feet black; hind feet blackish
brown; tail hairs blackish.
Measurements. Total length, 295; tail vertebre, 77; hind foot,
33. Another specimen from Paladura Cafion, Texas, measured in
total length, 280; tail vertebre, 80; hind foot, 39, taken in the flesh.
Skull: basal length, 47.5-56.5; Hensel, 40.5-49; zygomatic width,
316 CRATOGEOMYS. PLATYGEOMYS.
30-38; interorbital width, 6.5—7.5; length of upper tooth row, 9.5—10.5;
length of single half of mandible, 31.5—38.
a.—goldmani (Cratogeomys), Merr., Mon. Geomyide, N. Am. Faun.,
No. 8, 1895, p. 160.
GoLpDMAN’s Pocket GOPHER.
Type locality. Cafiitas, State of Zacatecas, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. State of Zacatecas, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Similar to C. castanops in coloration. Skull: rostrum
shorter than that of C. castanops; braincase broader; basioccipital
somewhat larger.
Color. Above mixed black and buffy ochraceous; under parts
paler.
Measurements. Total length, 270; tail vertebra, 83; hind foot,
34. Skull: basal length, 44.5-46; Hensel, 41-42.5; zygomatic width,
32-32.5; interorbital width, 7.5; length of upper molar series, 9-9.5;
length of single half of mandible, 31—32.5.
314. fulvescens (Cratogeomys), Merr., Mon. Geomyide, N. Am.
Faun:; No. 8; 1895, p..rényy 19; fig. ay
Futvous Pocket GOPHER.
Type locality. Chalchicomula, State of Puebla, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. States of Puebla and Tlaxcala, from “Esperanza -°
north to Perote and west to the northeast base of Mount Malinche,
_in Tlaxcala,’’ Mexico.
Genl. Char. Similar to C. castanops, but larger and darker;
superior outline of skull convex; fronto maxillary suture reaching
anteriorly the plane of the front of the zygoma.
Color. Above mixed yellowish brown and blackish; under parts
ochraceous buff.
Measurements. Total length, 318; tail vertebra, 102; hind foot,
43. Skull: basal length, 49-55; Hensel, 45-50.5; zygomatic width,
34-40; interorbital width, 6.5—8; length of upper molar series, ro—-12;
length of single half of mandible, 35-38.
64. Platygeomys. Broad-headed Pocket Gophers.
L—: Pa = sa:
i i LI "ee |
Platygeomys Merr., Mon. Geomyide, N. Am. Faun., No. 8, 1895,
p. 162, pls. and figs. Type Geomys gymnurus Merriam.
Skull large, massive, flat; squamosals expanded laterally, giving
considerable width to the occipital region, concealing the postglenoid
notch, and increasing the glenoid fossa; zygomata heavy and widely
spread; jugal large and broad; endoturbinals forming an elongated
PLATYGEOMYS 3)
7
oblique plate; anterior border of mesethmoid rounded above; upper
premolar with three enamel plates; first and second upper molars
with only one each; a single sulcus on upper incisor near median line.
Fig. 58. PLATYGEOMYS GYMNURUS
No. 45611 U. S. Nat. Mus. Coll. Nat. size
318 PLATYGEOMYS.
KEY TO SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES.
A. Nasals wedge-shaped; hind feet nearly naked. PAGE
a. Above sooty, washed with reddish brown...... P. fumosus 318
b. Above chestnut or slate black..." .........5. P.gymnurus 318
B. Nasals truncate; hind feet hairy, whitish.
OMe, DEOMI vy its gs os wo so P. tylorhinus 319
Dip DO Were SUUVOUS 55 creeks 6 GS oes ad P.t. angustirostris 319
CeO ve eneseNUt... sso mea ss in ws peeing P. planiceps 319
Bees nore pee, Cull Chestmey ic. oo... Ss... tae P. neglectus 319
315. fumosus (Geomys), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., vir, 1892, p.
TOS:
Jumosus (Platygeomys), Merr., Mon. Geomyide, N. Am. Faun.,
No: 8, 1895; sp. Tyee 21, fig. 4; pl: 14, nes.
Sooty Pocket GOPHER.
Type locality. Colima City, State of Colima, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. State of Colima, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Size medium; tail and hind feet nearly naked.
Skull: posterior portion of cranium broad; squamosals expanded;
zygomata rounded anteriorly, greatest width at median portion;
nasals wedge-shaped.
Color. Above sooty washed with reddish brown; under parts pale
plumbeous washed with light brown.
Measurements. Total length, 287; tail vertebra, 82; hind foot,
42. Skull: basal length, 49-55.5; Hensel, 44-51; zygomatic width,
35-5-39; interorbital width, 8—9.5; length of upper molar series,
II.5— op length of single half of mandible, 40.5—46.5.
316. gymnurus (Geomys), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., vu, 1892,
p. 166.
gymnurus (Platygeomys), Merr., Mon. Geomyide, N. Am. Faun.,
No. 8, 1895, p. 164, pls. and figs
NAKED-TAILED Pocket GOPHER.
Type locality. Zapotlan, State of Jalisco, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Valley of Zapotlan and slopes of the Sierra Nevada
de Colima, State of Jalisco, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Size large; pad on nose and tail naked; feet nearly
hairless.
Color. Upper parts chestnut, sometimes slate black; under parts
paler; young slate black; sides and rump with whitish bristles.
Measurements. Total length, 352; tail vertebre, 105; hind foot,
53. Skull: basal length, 57—-62.5; Hensel, 53-57.5; zygomatic width,
42-46.5; interorbital width, 9-10; length of upper molar series,
I 4.5; length of single half of mandible, 41-45.
as
my |
PLATYGEOMYS. 319
317. tylorhinus (Platygeomys), Merr., Mon. Geomyide, N. Am.
Faun. Mo. 8, 2895; p. 207, pl. 13, fig. 1.
TOUGH-SKINNED PocKET GOPHER.
Type locality. Tula, State of Hidalgo, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. States of Hidalgo and Michoacan, on north slope
of the Sierra Madre, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Size large, similar to P. gymnurus, but smaller; skull
lighter and smaller; nasals broad posteriorly and truncate.
Color. Upper parts liver brown; under parts paler, plumbeous
base of hairs showing; hind feet white.
Measurements. Total length, 345; tail vertebrae, 100; hind foot,
45. Skull: basal length, 48-60; Hensel, 45-57; zygomatic width,
40-46; interorbital width, 7.5—9; length of upper molar series, 12-13;
length of mandible, 46-52.
a.—angsustirostris (Platygeomys), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 1903,
pe Or.
SLENDER-NOSED POCKET GOPHER.
Type locality. Patamban, State of Michoacan, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Similar to P. tylorhinus, but paler. Skull smaller;
rostrum, nasals, and incisors narrower and arched posteriorly.
Color. Above pale fulvous grizzled with black; beneath pale slaty
plumbeous washed with pale fulvous.
Measurements. Body measurements not given. Skull: basal
length, 53.5; zygomatic width, anteriorly, 38; breadth of rostrum,
anteriorly, 10; breadth of nasals, anteriorly, 6; at middle, 3.
318. planiceps (Platygeomys), Merr., Mon. Geomyide, N. Am. Faun.,
No: Sretecnena. noo, pln, fig, sg. pl. 14, fig. 9;
FLAT-HEADED POCKET GOPHER.
Type locality. North slope of the Volcano Toluca, State of
Mexico, Mexico. Altitude, 8,600 feet.
Geogr. Distr. Volcano Toluca to City of Toluca, State of Mexico.
Genl. Char. Similar to P. tylorhinus; tail longer. Jugal narrow
and slightly expanded; upper incisor with single sulcus.
Color. Above chestnut; under parts paler; hind feet whitish;
black spot around ear.
Measurements. Total length, 372; tail vertebra, 121; hind foot,
46. Skull: basal length, 52.5-59; Hensel, 49-55; zygomatic width,
3842.5; interorbital width, 7.5—8; length of upper molar series, 12-13;
length of single half of mandible, 46-51.
319. neglectus (Platygeomys), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Xv, 1902,
p. 68.
320 PLATOGEOMYS. PAPPOGEOMYS,
NEGLECTED PocKET GOPHER.
Type locality. Mount Cerro de la Calentura, eight miles northwest
of Pinal de Amoles, State of Queretaro, Mexico. Altitude, 9,000 feet.
Genl. Char. ‘‘Size small for a Platygeomys; general appearance
and characters as in P. planiceps, but color paler and duller (less
chestnut) ; size smaller; rostrum and nasals shorter; frontal flat inter-
orbitally (not elevated on each side over the orbits); zygomatic
arches parallel (instead of strongly divergent anteriorly); jugal light
and slender, its faces not strongly developed.”
Measurements. Type. “Total length, 310; tail vertebre, 96;
hind foot, 42.’ (Merrs, 172)
65. Pappogeomys. Ancient Pocket Gophers.
lL; P=; ee 20.
Pappogeomys Merr., Mon. Geomyide, N. Am. Faun., No. 8, 1895,
p. 145, pls. and figs. Type Geomys bullert Thomas.
Molars with enamel pattern of Geomys, and the incisors unisulcate,
as in some other genera, 1. e., Cratogeomys, etc. Sphenoid fossa
shortened by the orbitosphenoids; mesethmoid higher than long, and
with the lower edge extending between wings of vomer posteriorly;
zygomata slender; upper premolar with but three enamel plates;
first and second upper molars with two enamel plates each; last
upper molar has a single exterior sulcus; upper incisor with a single
deep median sulcus.
KEY TO SPECIES. nice
A. Size small; tail naked; occiput extending con-
siderably beyond lambdoidal suture.
a. Above rusty chestnut, beneath paler........... P. bullert 320
b. Above pale plumbeous tinged with chestnut;
beneath paler : Afar... meet cos, ot Sea P. albinasus 321
320. bulleri (Geomys), Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 6th Ser., x,
1892, p. 196, August.
nelsont Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 1892, p. 164, September.
BuLLER’s Pocket GOPHER.
Type locality. Near Talpa, west slope of Sierra de Mascota, State
of Jalisco, Mexico. Altitude, 8,500 feet.
Geogr. Distr. State of Jalisco, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Size small; tail naked; occiput extending consid-
erably behind lambdoidal suture; nasals narrow; premaxille short,
rounded posteriorly, and just reaching plane of orbits.
Color. Above rusty chestnut; under parts paler.
PAPPOGEOMYS. 321
Fic. 59. PAPPOGEOMYS BULLERI.
No. 8359 Field Columbian Mus. Coll. Enlarged %.
UPPER TOOTH ROW. LOWER TOOTH ROW.
Enlarged 6 times Enlarged 6 times.
Measurements. Total length, 238; tail vertebrae, 83; hind foot,
3. Skull: basal length, 35-38; Hensel, 32-35; zygomatic width,
23-25.5; interorbital width, 7—8; length of upper molar series, 8.5-9;
Ww
length of single half of mandible, 25—28.
321. albinasus (Pappogeomys), Merr., Mon. Geomyide, N. Am.
Faun., No. 8, 1895, p. 1409.
322 PAPPOGEOMYS. ORTHOGEOMYS.
WHITE-NOSED Pocket GOPHER.
Type locality. Atemajac, a suburb of Guadalajara, State of Jalisco,
Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. State of Jalisco, Mexico. Altitude, 4,000 to 5,100
feet.
Genl. Char. Size small; nasal pad and tail naked. Skull similar
to that of P. bullert, but generally larger.
Color. General color of whole body pale plumbeous tinged with
chestnut; palest on under parts; white patch on nose reaching nearly
to eyes.
Measurements. Total length, 226; tail vertebre, 68; hind foot,
31. Skull: basal length, 36.5; Hensel, 33; zygomatic width, 25.5;
interorbital width, 7.5; length of upper molar series, 9.5; length of
single half of mandible, 26.5.
66. Orthogeomys. ie a headed Pocket Gophers.
I=; P=; M: =i 20.
Orthogeomys Merr., Mon. a N. Am. Faun., No. 8; p. 2
pl. and figs. Type Geomys scalops Thomas.
Skull elongated, flat; frontal broad; orbital plates of frontal sepa-
rated by orbitosphenoids; braincase subcylindrical; interorbital con-
striction lacking; upper premolar with three or four enamel plates;
upper incisor with one open sulcus.
KEY. FO THE SPECIES.
A. Pelage not bristly; nasal pad large. PAGE
Nasals long, broad@posterionrlys'. «ep eens es O. grandis 322
b. Nasals long, narrow posteriorly.
Premaxille very broad, inclined to a point
posteriorly, on a line with the orbits......... O. nelsont 324
’ Premaxille narrower, truncate posteriorly,
not réachinguzme orbits. vee. « . i. Vaan are O. scalops 324
B. Pelage bristly; nasal pad small or absent........ O. latifrons 324
322. grandis (Geomys), Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 6th Ser., xu,
1893, p. 270 |
GIANT PocKEeT GOPHER.
Type locality. Duenas, Guatemala.
Genl. Char. Size large; fur coarse. Skull large, heavy; premaxille
longer than nasals posteriorly; interorbital space broad, its edges
rounded anteriorly and inflated; incisors pale yellow, with a deep
groove; molars large.
ORTHOGEOMYS, 323
Color. Smoky chocolate brown; ‘‘muzzle, cheeks and chin whitish
brown; tail naked; hands and feet thinly covered with whitish hairs.”’
Fig. 60. ORTHOGEOMYS SCALOPS.
No. 6730 U.S. Nat. Mus. Coll. Nat. size.
324 ORTHOGEOMYS.
Measurements. Total length, 320; tail, 135; hind foot, 57. Skull:
basal length, 68; Hensel, 62; zygomatic width, 43.8; interorbital
width, 15; length of upper molar series, 16.5; length of single half
of mandible, 49.
323. nelsoni (Orthogeomys), Merr., Mon. Geomyide, N. Am. Faun.,
Nowe cregs; p. 676, Ge: 63.
NELSON’s PockEeT GOPHER.
Type locality. Mount Zempoaltepec, State of Oaxaca, Mexico.
Altitude, 8,000 feet.
Geogr. Distr. Mount Zempoaltepec and adjacent region, State of
Oaxaca, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Size large; ears large; tail, except base, naked. Skull
very large, long; nasals very narrow posteriorly; premaxille reaching
far beyond posterior end of nasals; interorbital constriction slight;
frontal narrow, short.
Color. General hue dark brown; slightly paler below.
Measurements. Total length, 397; tail vertebre, 123; hind foot,
53. Skull: basal length, 70; Hensel, 64; zygomatic width, 44-45;
interorbital width, 16-17; length of upper molar series, 15; length
of single half of mandible, 50-51.
324. scalops (Geomys), Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 6th Ser., x11,
1894, Pp. 437-
DicGER PocKEeT GOPHER.
Type locality. Tehuantepec, State of Oaxaca, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. State of Oaxaca, and possibly in State of Chiapas,
Mexico.
Genl. Char. Size large; nasal pad, tail, and hind feet naked.
Color. General color dark seal brown, nearly black.
Measurements. Total length, 369; tail vertebrz, 103.5; hind foot,
50. Skull: basal length, 60.5—64; Hensel, 55.5—59.5; zygomatic width,
37-42; interorbital width, 14.2-16; length of upper molar series,
13-14.5; length of single half of mandible, 43.5—46.5.
325. latifrons (Orthogeomys), Merr., N. Am. Faun., No. 8, 1895, p.
178, pl. 11, and figs. 5, 6; text fig. 64.
BristLED PocKEeT GOPHER.
Type locality. Guatemala. Exact locality unknown.
Geogr. Distr. Guatemala. Range unknown.
Genl. Char. Pelage bristly; tail long, naked; feet scantily haired;
incisors with nearly median groove; zygomata narrow, slender,
broadest posteriorly; nasals short, narrow.
Color. Uniform dull sooty brown above and below.
Measurements. ‘Total length, 320; tail, roo; hind foot, 39.
HETEROGEOMYS. 325
6%. Heterogeomys. Distinct Pocket Gophers.
1 es
I Died
Heterogeomys Merr., Mon. Geomyide, N. Am. Faun., No. 8, 180s,
p. 179, pls. and figs. Type Geomys hispidus Le Conte.
Skull high, narrow; zygomata moderately. wide; frontal broad
and flat; orbital plate of frontal usually perforated by a foramen
above apex of sphenoidal fissure; nasals much arched anteriorly;
squamous part of occipital plane high above mastoid bulle; orbito-
sphenoids narrow and long, not articulating with alisphenoids; upper
Fig. 61. HETEROGEOMYS TORRIDUS.
No. 5843 Field Columbian Mus. Coll. Nat. size.
326 HETEROGEOMYS. MACROGEOMYS.
part of optic foramen disappearing in advanced life; squamosal
expansion slight; fronto-maxillary suture reaching orbit in front of
lachrymal. (ex Merr., 1. c.)
KEY TO THE SPECIES. vce
A. Nasals long, narrowing rapidly posteriorly;
zygomata not greatly spreading................ H.lispidus 326
B. Nasals shorter, broader posteriorly; zygomata
MGR y SprGndine.... .voeeeeete ss ss. os H. torridus 326
326. hispidus (Heterogeomys), Le Conte, Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil.,
1852, p. 158, pls. and figs.
HARSH-COATED PocKET GOPHER.
Type locality. Near Jalapa, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. State of Vera Cruz, Mexico, at 4,000 to 4,500 feet
altitude.
Genl. Char. Size large; upper incisors with one deep sulcus each
on inner side; nose pad and tail naked.
Color. General hue above dark seal brown; under parts slightly ~
paler.
Measurements. Total length, 345; tail vertebra, 92; hind foot,
47.3. Skull: basal length, 55-57.5; Hensel, 51-53; zygomatic width,
36-45; interorbital width, 1o—11.5; length of upper molar series,
13.5-14; length of single half of mandible, 38—42.
327. torridus (/Heterogeomys), Merr., Mon. Geomyide, N. Am. Faun..
No. 8, 1895, p. 183, pls. and figs.
TrRopicAL Pocket GopHER. Tultusia in Guatemala.
Type locality. Chichicaxtle, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Lowlands, State of Vera Cruz, through States of
Oaxaca and Chiapas, Mexico, into Guatemala.
Genl. Char. Similar to H. hispidus; size large. Skull broad
and heavy.
Color. Dark seal brown, slightly paler below.
Measurements. Total length, 323; tail vertebrae, 88; hind foot,
52. Skull: basal length, 54-60; Hensel, 50-55.5; zygomatic width,
37-43.5; interorbital breadth, 10.5—11; length of upper molar series,
13—14.5; length of single half of mandible, 38-42.
68. Macrogeomys. Large Size Pocket Gophers.
l=; P.—; i= 20.
Macrogeomys Merr., N. Am. Faun., No. 8, 1895, p. 185, pls. and
figs. Type Geomys heterodus Peters.
Size large; large naked nasal pad; tail naked; pelage silky. Skull:
MACROGEOMYS. 327
frontal flat, depressed medianly, broad: postorbital processes large;
palato-pterygoids short, broad, truncate posteriorly: braincase high
above root of zygoma; lambdoid crest straight: ox cipital plane flat,
sloping forward; upper premolar with four enamel plates; first upper
and second lower molars with two enamel plates each: last upper
molar with lengthened heel and deep outer sulcus: upper incisor with
only one narrow deep sulcus on inner third of face.
Fic. 62. MACROGEOMYS CHERRII.
No. 9070 Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. Coll. Nat. size
328 MACROGEOMYS.
Koy LO LHE SPECIES:
A. Audital bulla rounded on outer side; no white
patch on head. PAGE
a. Upper parts sepia brown; skull short, broad...M.heterodus 328
b. Upper parts chocolate brown anteriorly, buffy
pee 1 Pe a I ea a ge M.dolichocephalus 328
c. Upper parts dark seal brown, nearly black...... M.cavator 329
d. Upper parts dusky chocolate brown, uniform ....M. pansa 329
B. Audital bulla flattened on outer side; white
patch on head.
Upper parts dark brown, beneath whitish;
roots of maxilla and squamosal meeting above
AL chy ol kihta ye EE Sk ws o's x SaaS G M. costaricensts 330
b. Upper parts plumbeous, beneath paler; roots
of maxilla and squamosals not meeting above
FUCA ss, 0 ROMER a ls vor oe at, nd RR na M. cherrit 330
328. heterodus (Geomys), Peters, Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss.
Berl., 1864, p. 177, pls. and figs.
Irazu Pocket GOPHER.
Type locality. Costa Rica. Locality unknown.
Geogr. Distr. Irazu Range, and possibly other parts of Costa Rica.
Genl. Char. Size large; upper incisor with a deep narrow groove
on inner side of median line; large naked nasal pad; tail naked, as
are also the feet, except a few hairs on toes; no external ears; in-
cisors in front orange. Skull large, short; frontal broad, flat, concave
between orbits, with deep notches in front of postorbital processes,
which are large; zygomata wide; jugal broad; nasals wedge-shaped;
pterygoids U-shaped, truncate posteriorly.
Color. Above hair brown; remaining portions of body and the
muzzle soiled gray, this hue reaching well up on side of rump, and
also covering base of tail.
Measurements. Total length, 325; tail, 65; hind foot, 41. Skull:
basal length, 58-60; Hensel, 51.2-55; zygomatic width, 42.5; inter-
orbital width, ro—14; length of upper molar series, 14-15; length of
mandible, 44—45.
329. dolichocephalus (Macrogeomys), Merr., N. Am. Faun., No. 8,
1895, p. 18g, pls. and figs.
NARROW-HEADED PocKET GOPHER
Type locality. San José, Costa Rica.
Geogr. Distr. Range unknown.
Genl, Char. Size large, similar to M. heterodus, but darker.
Skull long and narrow; zygomata narrow, the breadth but slightly
MACROGEOMYS. 329
greater than the mastoid breadth, and the jugal, which is short and
broadest in the center, is overlapped by the maxillary and squamosal
arms of the zygoma; braincase subcylindrical; nasals short, termi-
nating in front of the zygomatic arches; pterygoids broad and short;
mandible long, narrow.
Color. Above dull chocolate brown; muzzle and lower part of
rump buffy; under parts pale chocolate brown.
Measurements. Total length, 380; tail, 75; hind foot, 45. Skull:
basal length, 52-65; Hensel, 48-60; zygomatic width, 33-40.5; inter-
orbital breadth, 9.5; length of upper molar series, 13-15.5; length of
single half of mandible, 38.5—48.5.
330. cavator (Macrogeomys), Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., xxx1x,
Ig02, p. 42.
BoguEtEe Pocket GOPHER.
Type locality. Boquete, Chiriqui, Panama. Altitude, 4,800 feet.
Genl. Char. Similar to M. dolichocephalus, but with comparative
difference in crania; colors darker.
Color. Above dark seal brown, almost black; beneath similar but
grizzled, a white patch beneath chin and on under sides of wrists;
feet and hands naked, yellowish brown; tail naked, yellowish brown,
end black.
Measurements. Total length, 360-410; tail vertebre, 108-125;
hind foot, 47-54; ear, 7-8. Skull: type, basal length, 64; occipito-
nasal length, 67.8; zygomatic width, 45.8; mastoid width, 33.4;
interorbital width, 11; length of nasals, 25.4; length of palate to
palatal notch, 44.6; upper molar series, 15.4; length of single half of
mandible, 51.2. (Bangs, l. c.)
331. pansa (Macrogeomys), Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., xxx1x,
1902, p. 44.
BROAD-FOOTED PocKET GOPHER.
Type locality. Bogaba, Chiriqui, Panama. Altitude, 600 feet.
Genl. Char. Smaller than M. cavator; hind foot proportionately
larger.
Color. Above dull, dusky, chocolate brown; under parts griz-
zled, belly whitish; feet and hands naked, yellowish brown; tail
naked, yellowish brown, tip dusky. |
Measurements. Total length, 320-330; tail vertebra, 110; hind
foot, 48-52; ear, 5-7. Skull: basal length, 54; occipito-nasal length,
57.6; zygomatic width, 36; mastoid width, 27.8; interorbital width,
11.8; length of nasals, 23; length of palate to palatal notch, 37; upper
molar series, 13; length of single half of mandible, 41. (Bangs, l. c.)
330 MACROGEOMYS. ZYGOGEOMYS.
332. costaricensis (Macrogeomys), Merr., N. Am. Faun., No. 8,
1895, p. 192, pls. and figs. .
PacuaRE Pocket GOPHER.
Type locality. Pacuare, Costa Rica.
Geogr. Distr. Range unknown.
Genl. Char. Unique specimen immature. Skull similar to that of
M. dolichocephalus, but with broader nasals; zygomata standing at
nearly right angles to axis of skull, the anterior angle abruptly
rounded; jugal narrower; pterygoids shorter and broader; audital
bulla disk-shaped and separated by a groove from the bulle.
Color. Above dark brown; under parts whitish; a large white
patch on top of head between eyes and ears.
Measurements. Total length, 330; tail about 80; hind foot, 33,
without claw. Skull: basal length, 48.5; Hensel, 44.5; zygomatic
width, 33; interorbital width, 9; length of upper molar series, 13;
length of single half of mandible, 37.
333. cherrii (Geomys), Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1893,
P- 337:
CHERRIE’S POCKET GOPHER.
Type locality. Santa Clara, Costa Rica.
Geogr. Distr. Costa Rica; range unknown.
Genl. Char. Nasal pad, tail, and hind feet naked; white head
patch. Skull differs from that of M. costaricensts in certain par-
ticulars, such as the jugal, which is large and long and is not covered
by the maxillary arm of the zygoma; in the horizontal part of the
zygomatic arch not being strongly convex upward, and has not the
constriction between the orbital and temporal fossa; and the orbito-
temporal fossze are broadest at the middle instead of being narrowest.
Color. Above chocolate or sooty brown, except a large white
patch on crown; throat, breast, and inner side of limbs dusky grayish;
rest of under parts grayish buff; tail and feet naked, reddish.
Measurements. Total length, 275; tail, 80; hind foot, 40. Skull:
basal length, 47.5; Hensel, 44; zygomatic width, 34; interorbital
width, 9.5; length of upper molar series, 12; length of single half of
mandible, 37.
69. Zygogeomys. Zygomata Pocket Gophers.
l=; P= uM = ge.
I—1 II 3-3
Zygogeomys Merr., Mon. Geomyide, N. Am. Faun., No. 8, 1895,
p. 195, pls. and figs. Type Zygogeomys trichopus Merriam.
ZYGOGEOMYS. 331]
Skull long and narrow; maxillary and squamosal branches of
zygoma in-contact above jugal, which is mainly external; rostrum
long and narrow; orbitosphenoids large, and with the exception of
a foramen at apex, close the upper part of sphenoidal fissure, and
ankylosed with the alisphenoid; mesethmoid quadrangular; upper
incisors bisulcate, chief sulcus on median line, minor on inner con-
vexity. First and second upper molars with two enamel plates
Fic. 63. ZYGOGEOMYS TRICHOPUS.
No. So1o7 U.S. Nat. Mus. Col]. Nat. size.
332 ZYGOGEOMYS. THOMOMYS.
each; upper premolar with four enamel plates; third upper molar
incomplete double prism, crown longer than broad; sulcus on
middle of outer side only, inner enamel plate covering two-thirds or
three-fourths of inner side of tooth, reaching end of heel posteri-
orly; outer enamel plate covering about half of outer side of tooth,
its anterior bent strongly outward; upper incisors bisulcate, prin-
cipal sulcus on inner side of median line. (ex Merr., 1. c.)
334 trichopus (Zygogeomys), Merr., Mon. Geomyide, N. Am. Faun.,
No. 8, 1895, p. 196, pls. and figs.
Pine ZoNE PocKET GOPHER.
Type locality. Nahuatzin, State of Michoacan, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Sierra Nevada, State of Michoacan, Mexico. Alti-
tude, 6,800 to 9,500 feet.
Genl. Char. Size large; tail long, naked; naked pad on nose;
feet covered with hair; other characters as in genus.
Color. Dark slate to seal brown, washed with ferrugineous on
upper parts; under parts plumbeous, tinged with fulvous; white
patch on throat; hind feet whitish or dark gray.
Measurements. Total length, 346; tail vertebre, 115; hind foot,
46. Skull: basal length, 46.5—58.5; Hensel, 43-54; zygomatic width,
35-39; interorbital width, 8-9.5; length of upper molar series, 10.5—12;
length of single half of mandible, 33-42.
The genus THomomys is distinguished from Geomys and the
allied genera by the absence of median grooves on the incisors, by
the smaller and more feeble claws, and by even larger cheek pouches.
The habits of the species are the same, and they often prove as great
pests to the agriculturalist as do their relatives of the other genera.
While usually of smaller size than the species of Geomys, there is one,
T. bulbivorus, from the northwestern portion of the United States,
which equals the largest member of that genus. The Gophers feed
upon all kinds of herbage and bulbous roots. They are irascible,
bite severely, are very quick in their movements, alert to each
danger that threatens, and fertile in methods for avoiding it.
JO. Thomomys. Pocket Gophers.
I=; PS; MS = 20.
I 1 See)
Thomomys Wied, Nov. Act. Phys. Med. Akad. Caes. Leop. Carol.,
XIX, 1839, p. 377. Type Thomomys rujescens Wied.
Diplostoma Rich., Faun. Bor. Amer., 1, 1829, p. 206. (nec Rafin.)
Oryctomys Ed. & Gerv., Mag. Zoél., v1, 1836, p. 23. (Part.)
a
THOMOMYS. 333
Upper incisors without median sulcus, but with a fine marginal
groove, not, however, always present; root of inferior incisors form-
ing a protuberance on outside of condylar ramus; zygomata wider
posteriorly than mastoid diameter of skull; audital bulle inflated:
basioccipital narrower in the middle than bulle at same place.
pterygoid fossa rather short, and wide posteriorly; upper molars
with exterior edge of crown acute; lower molars with interior edge
acute; fore claws moderately developed.
Fic. 64. THOMOMYS ATROVARIUS.
No. 13769 Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. Coll. Nat. size.
Eye vOetnE ore ClIESVAND SUBSEECIES.
A. Upper incisors without median grooves; fore
claws weak.
a. Upper parts yellowish brown or fulvous.
a.’ Under parts yellowish white, tinged with ee
TOULOUSE) \e ot... Meee... T.fulvus 334
Be’ Undemeessbulit, cu... . ceed... om LT. jf. ante a3s
e Underieemes reddish fulvousgevg i... -- iy). aliccoldiee'3s
b. Upper parts tawny brown, beneath tawny
a. A ne a T.f. nigricans 335
Cimvpper paresi@atk mars brown.......:... T.f.antermedius 336
d. Upper parts grayish brown and _ blackish,
ipemeathveraniSi Witte)... et ee T. martirensis 336
334 THOMOMYS,
e. Upper parts mixed broccoli brown, ochrace- PAGE
oy VME aCe CTE Sa. ce T. aphrastus 336
f. Upper parts dark umber brown.
a.’ Under parts buff.
a.’ Rostrum narrow, less than interorbital
Oi Cee ge Ae T. peregrinus 337
b.”” Rostrum broad, wider than interorbital
BNET Rs 2.0 1s GRIM Siew mc oo ee T. orizabe 337
b.’ Under parts plumbeous, washed with
Beer 8 it 5 ies GG wo eas ae T. atrovarius 338
g. Upper parts grayish rufescent brown and
DIAGe DENeATO Crawistmiogi. .. 6.5. a Me T. toltecus 338
h. Upper parts mixed drab gray and _ black,
Demeath bittaeealmotmec. 6/03. 0 055.5. cay T. perditus 338
i. Upper parts pale chestnut brown, beneath
Dele CNet EE AUVOUS ie Wia s so et cles T. stnaloe 339
}. Upper parts bright rusty fulvous, beneath
PRR a 2. es eg GRRE os ce os twee T. goldmanit 339
k. Upper parts dull chestnut brown and black,
(ios SUT AE TC ge IS a ae a a T. nelsoni 339
l. Upper parts fawn, dusky on dorsal region,
ERR GRA Tree es iua lds hice cee. a + ¥nta<s » G's are ee T.cervinus 340
m. Upper parts pale brownish vellow.......... T. perpallidus 340
Fig. XLVIIl. THOMOMYS FULVUS.
REDDISH BROWN POCKET GOPHER.
335 fulvus (Geomys), Woodh., Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil., 1852,
p. 201. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 227.
umbrinus. Baird, N. Am. Mamm., 1857, p. 399.
ReppisH Brown Pocket GOPHER.
Type locality. San Francisco Mountains, Coconino County, Ari-
zona.
Geogr. Distr. State of Sonora, Mexico, north into New Mexico,
and “‘Arizona to Central California."’ Lower California?
THOMOMYS. 335
Genl. Char. Size medium; tail half as long as body and head;
claws large, long.
Color. Above reddish brown, darkest on dorsal region; sides
and under parts yellowish white, tinged with rufous on abdomen:
lips and ears dusky; inside of pouches whitish; tail with basal part
like back.
Measurements. Total length, 239; tail vertebra, 79; hind foot,
29; ear, 8. Skull: basal length, 37; Hensel, 35; zygomatic width,
25; interorbital breadth, 7; length of upper molar series, 8; length
of mandible, 25.
a.—anite (Thomomys), Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1898,
D146.
SANTA ANITA POCKET GOPHER.
Type locality. Santa Anita, Lower California, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Cape Region, Lower California, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Similar to T. fulvus; nasals gradually broaden postero-
anteriorly.
Color. Above yellowish brown, darkest on median line; under
parts buff; about mouth, cheek pouches and ears blackish.
Measurements. Total length, 250; tail vertebre, 62; hind foot,
35; ear, 8.5. Skull: total length, 42; basal length, 38.7; zygomatic
width, 26.5; mastoid width, 21; interorbital constriction, 8; length
of nasals, 14.6; width of nasals posteriorly, 2.5.
b.—alticola (Thomomys), Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1899,
p. 0s
SIERRA LaGuNA PocKET GOPHER.
Type locality. Sierra Laguna, Lower California, Mexico. Altitude,
7,000 feet. ;
Geogr. Distr. High altitudes in the Sierra Laguna, Lower Cali-
fornia, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Similar to T. f. antie, but darker. Skull similar
in size and characters.
Color. Above yellowish brown and black, darkest on dorsal
region; nose and edges of cheek pouches blackish; spot at base of
ear dusky; under parts reddish fulvous; inside of cheek pouches and
anal region white; tail and feet whitish.
Measurements. Total length, 225; tail, 61; hind foot, 30.
e.—nisricans (Thomomys), Rhoads, Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil.,
DSOS, Pp. 30.
BLAcKISH PocKET GOPHER.
Type locality. Witch Creek, San Diego County, California.
336 THOMOMYS.
Geogr. Distr. Lower California, Mexico, north into southern
California.
Genl. Char. Size large; claws short, thick; Skull massive,
angular; dentition weak; interparietal longer than wide.
Color. Above tawny brown; rump lighter; head blackish; ears
and aural patch sooty; beneath tawny ash; feet and lower surface
of limbs ash.
Measurements. Total length, 260; tail vertebra, 89; hind foot,
33.5. Skull: total length, 39; zygomatic breadth, 24.4; basilar
length, 35.5; nasals, 11.9; interorbital constriction, 6.9; length of
mandible, 25.
d.—intermedius (Thomomys), Mearns, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 1897,
xix p. 719. Elhotysyn. N. Am. Mamm., 19qn,-p. 228.
PLATEAU PocKET GOPHER.
Type locality. Huachuca Mountains, southern Arizona. Alti-
tude, 9,000 feet.
Geogr. Distr. Mountains connecting Colorado Plateau with that
of Mexico.
Genl. Char. Smaller than 7. fulvus.
Color. General hue mars brown; dorsal area plumbeous black;
feet and tail soiled white; base of under fur plumbeous.
Measurements. Total length, 220; tail vertebra, 66; hind foot,
BA. axle, s2t-5 Kea. (Mearns, 1. c.)
336 martirensis (7iomomys), Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.,
1898, p. 147.
San Pepro MArtTIR PocKET GOPHER.
Type locality. San Pedro Martir Mountains, Lower California,
Mexico. Altitude, 8,200 feet.
Geogr. Distr. San Pedro Martir Mountains, Lower California,
Mexico. Altitude, 7,000 to 8,200 feet.
Genl. Char. Larger than T. fulvus; color less fulvous.
Color. Upper parts mixed grayish brown and blackish, darkest
on median line; side washed with pale fulvous; under parts grayish
white; hairs plumbeous at base; around mouth and entrance to
cheek pouches dusky; ear patch blackish; tail and feet grayish white.
Measurements. Total length, 248; tail vertebra, 67; hind foot,
31. Skull: total length, 44.5; basal length, 41; zygomatic width,
25; mastoid width, 21; interorbital constriction, 9; length of nasals,
16; width of nasals anteriorly, 5.
337. aphrastus (Thomomys), Elliot, Pub. Field Colymb. Mus., 1903,
p.219. Zodlogy.
THOMOMYS. 337
TROUBLESOME PocKET GOPHER.
Type locality. San Tomas, Lower California, Mexico.
Genl. Char. About the size of 7. fulvus, but darker and grayer.
Nasals short, broad anteriorly; pterygoid almost touching the bulle.
Color. (March.) Upper parts mixed broccoli brown and ochra-
ceous, the slate at base of hairs showing through occasionally and
giving a grayish tint to the pelage; sides bright ochraceous buff;
spot behind ear, nose and openings of pouches black; under parts
ochraceous buff, plumbeous of under fur showing through; hands
and feet grayish white; tail ochraceous buff above, yellowish beneath.
Another specimen in July from San Quentin is lavender gray, darkest
on dorsal region, with top of head ochraceous buff and black, and
sides of head pinkish buff. This individual is beginning to change
to the darker pelage of winter.
Measurements. Total length, 222; tail vertebre, 69; hind foot,
29; ear, 7.5. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 38; Hensel, 35; interorbital
constriction, 6; zygomatic width, 25; length of nasals, 12.5; anterior
width of nasals, 4.5; palatal length, 23; length of upper molar series,
7.5; length of mandible, 22; length of lower molar series, 7; height
at coronoid process, I5.
338. peregrinus (Thomomys), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash.
1893, p. 146.
WANDERING Pocket GOPHER.
Type locality. Salazar, State of Mexico, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. State of Mexico. Range unknown.
Genl. Char. Similar to T. fulvus, but darker; incisors curving
forward; rostrum narrower than interorbital width.
Color. Above dark umber brown; sooty black on head and on
median line; sides dull fulvous; under parts buffy; end of nose,
around mouth and ear patch blackish; fore feet umber brown to
base of toes; hind feet plumbeous (under fur showing through).
Measurements. Total length, 207; tail vertebra, 72; hind foot,
28.5.
We
339. orizabe (Thomomys), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., vill, 1893,
p-° BARE
OrIZABA PocKET GOPHER.
Type locality. Mt. Orizaba, State of Puebla, Mexico. Altitude,
9,500 feet.
Geogr. Distr. State of Puebla, Mexico. Range unknown.
Genl. Char. Size medium; color similar to that of T. fulvus; tail
long; feet’ well haired; muzzle of skull longer and broader than in
T. peregrinus, and broader than interorbital width.
338 THOMOMYS.
Color. Upper parts dark umber brown; sides fulvous; under
parts buffy fulvous; under side of face blackish; feet and apical
third of tail white. Melanistic phase, which the type represents, is
slate black all over, except ends of fore and hind feet and the apical
third of tail and inside of cheek pouches, which are white.
Measurements. Total length, 217; tail vertebra, 68; hind foot, 3o.
340. atrovarius (Thomomys), Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.,
1898, p. 148.
TATAMELES PocKET GOPHER.
Type locality. Tatameles, State of Sinaloa, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. State of Sinaloa, Mexico. Range unknown.
Genl. Char. Size medium; nasals narrow; similar in color to
T. orizabe.
Color. General hue plumbeous, tinged with brown above and
with gray on the under parts, the tips of the hairs being of that color;
tail hairs plumbeous and gray.
Measurements. Total length, 210; tail vertebra, 65; hind foot,
28; ear, 7. Skull: total length, 40; zygomatic width, 24.5; mastoid
width, 19.5; interorbital width, 7; length of nasals, 9; width of nasals
anteriorly, 3.7.
341. toltecus (Thomomys), Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.,
TO9S; Pe 52, pl. 1, fig. 13.
JuaREzZ PockEeT GOPHER.
Type locality. Juarez, northern part of State of Chihuahua,
Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. State of Chihuahua, Mexico. Extent of range
unknown.
Genl. Char. Larger than T. fulvus. Skull heavy, broad; pre-
maxilla much longer posteriorly than nasals; interparietal very small;
upper incisors slightly grooved.
Color. Upper parts grayish rufescent brown, lined with black
on median line; under parts pale grayish buff; tail and feet grayish
buff; edge of cheek pouches white.
Measurements. Total length, 230; tail vertebra, 60; hind foot,
27. Skull: total length, 43; basilar length, 40; greatest zygomatic
breadth, 27; interorbital constriction, 7; length of nasals, 14.
342. perditus (Thomomys), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XIv, 1901,
p. 108.
Lost PocKET GOPHER.
Type locality. Lampazos, State of Nuevo Leon, Mexice.
Geogr. Distr. Range unknown.
THOMOMYS. 339
Genl. Char. Small, similar to T. toltecus, but grayer and smaller.
Nasals notched behind and terminating on plane of premaxille;
interparietal subquadrate; braincase swollen.
Color. Above mixed drab gray and black; sides buffy; rump
and sides of shoulders buffy fulvous; under parts, fore legs, and
feet buffy salmon; hind feet whitish; space around mouth dusky.
Measurements. Total length, 195; tail vertebrae, 59; hind foot,
26.5.
343. sinaloz (Thomomys), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xtv, 1901,
DTG.
SINALOA PocKET GOPHER.
Type locality. Altata, State of Sinaloa, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Known only from the type locality.
Genl. Char. Similar to T. cervinus, but darker. Skull has
“strongly spreading, depressed, and sharply angular zygomata.”’
Color. Above pale chestnut brown; under parts pale chestnut
fulvous; space around mouth pale dusky.
Measurements. Total length, 233; tail vertebrae, 73; hind foot, 31.
344. goldmani (Thomomys), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xiv,
EGOL, Pp: TES.
GOLDMAN’s Pocket GOPHER.
Type locality. Mapimi, State of Durango, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Range unknown.
Genl. Char. Very small, allied to T. perditus. Nasals shorter than
premaxille.
Color. Above ‘bright rusty fulvous, mixed with dark-tipped
hairs; under parts white; nose and region around mouth dusky.”
Measurements. Total length, 208; tail vertebra, 68; hind foot, 30.
345. nelsoni (Thomomys), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XIv, 1901,
Pp: Leer
NELSON’s PocKET GOPHER.
Type locality. Parral, State of Chihuahua, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Size medium. Skull: “‘Zygomata strongly spread-
ing, broader behind than in front, with well developed anterior angle;
temporal impressions marked; interparietal subquadrate, becoming
subtriangular in old age; nasals narrowly cuneate, notched behind,
and falling well short of premaxille; bulla medium; under jaw
very long, the postcoronoid notch narrow and completely covered
by coronoid process.”’
Color. Above “dull chestnut brown, mixed with black-tipped
hairs on middle of back; under parts same color, but paler; nose
340 THOMOMYS.
and region around mouth dusky; feet whitish, but brown of hind
leg coming well down over ankle and covering part of foot.’ (Merr.
Le.)
Measurements. Total length, 196; tail vertebra, 60; hind foot, 28.
346. cervinus (Thomomys), Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat Hist., 1895,
p. 203;4me. 1. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 230.
CERVINE PocKEeT GOPHER.
Type locality. Phoenix, Maricopa County, Arizona.
Geogr. Distr. State of Sonora, Mexico, to southern Arizona.
Genl. Char. Size large; color pale; rostrum broad, heavy; skull
large.
Color. Above fawn, obscured on dorsal region with dusky;
beneath gray, base of hair plumbeous; blackish area about ears;
pouches inside white; feet whitish; tail above grayish fawn, paler
beneath.
Measurements. Total length, 228; tail vertebrze, 63; hind foot,
28. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 44; Hensel, 38; zygomatic width,
26.5; interorbital width, 7; mastoid breadth, 20; median length of
nasals, 13; lateral length of nasals, 10; width of nasals anteriorly, 5.
347. perpallidus (Thomomys), Merr., Scien., vitt, 1886, p. 588.
Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1gor1, p. 229.
PALE PockEeT GOPHER.
Type locality. Colorado Desert, San Diego County, southern
California.
Geogr. Distr. Lower California, Mexico, Colorado Desert, southern
California, and northeastward to the Painted Desert, Arizona.
Genl. Char. Similar to T. clusius (Coues, Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien.
Phil., 1875, p. 138, Ex. Bridger’s Pass., Rocky Mts.), but tail longer,
half the length of head and body; color pale.
Color. Above pale brownish yellow; sides yellowish white;
beneath white; feet white; tail white for two-thirds the length, tip
blackish.
Measurements. Total length, 228; tail vertebrae, 76; hind foot,
52. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 38; Hensel, 33; zygomatic width,
23; interorbital width, 7; mastoid width, 19.5; median length of
nasals, 12; length of upper molar series, 7; length of mandible, 25.
The Kangaroo Rats, as their name implies, are remarkable for
the great length of their hind legs and tail, and they progress by
long leaps exactly similar to those of the animal from which they
ia)
HETEROMYID&, DIPODOMYINA. DIPODOMYS. 341
derive their trivial name. They possess cheek pouches, and these,
like those of the members of the GEomMyip#, are external, causing
these families to differ from all other Mammals in this respect.
These pouches are covered with hair on the inside as well as on the
outside. The skull of these animals is peculiarly shaped and very
light, being not thicker than a sheet of paper. The Kangaroo Rats
are divided into two genera, one with four toes on the hind feet,
the other with five; but in the latter the first digit, although possess-
ing a claw, is rudimentary. These handsome little creatures live
in burrows which they excavate in sandy soil, and they are preyed
upon by the spotted skunks, which are numerous in the localities
they frequent. They live in colonies and are very industrious,
digging their burrows, some of which are several inches in diameter,
in the shifting sand. They are hardy and do not seem to heed the
severest weather, and run about on the snow when the thermometer
registers below zero. At this time they feed on the seeds of cockle
and sand burrs, and in summer on the seeds of the prickly pear and
other hardy desert plants. They prefer the sandy districts near
rivers, where vegetation is scanty, and on sandy portions of the
prairies, and avoid those places where the soil is rich. They are
nocturnal, passing the day in sleep, and their tracks in the sand
each morning exhibit their activity and the extent of their night
wanderings. They are exceedingly pretty creatures, with a pleasing
coloring and fur as soft as silk, and with large, soft, expressive eyes.
Fam. V. Heteromyide. Kangaroo Rats. Pocket Mice.
Incisors narrow; molars rootless; mastoids enormously developed,
appearing on top of the skull; hind feet long; digits four or five;
pelage soft.
Subfam. IV. Dipodomyine.
Anterior molar without lobe to the prism. Skull two-thirds as
wide as long, occipital plane emarginate; zygomatic plate of maxillary
nearly roofing the orbit; pit on inner side of jaw near molars.
41. Dipodomys. Four-toed Kangaroo Rats.
l=; M.S= TO,
Dipodomys Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., v1, 1841, p. 521. Type
Dipodomys phillipst Gray.
Macrocolus Wagn., Archiv. fur Nattirg., 1846, I, p. 172.
Skull light, depressed, smooth, thin, broad posteriorly, tapering
anteriorly; anterior outline emarginate; rostrum extending beyond
342 DIPODOMYS.
incisors, acuminate; zygomata delicate, straight, abutting against
tympanics, which are greatly inflated and possess a nontubular
orifice of meatus; mastoids enormous; squamosals reduced; parietal
triangle-shaped; interparietal small, situated between forks of occip-
ital; bulla in contact below the basisphenoid; palate terminating
posteriorly with a sharp median somewhat lengthened spur; external
to this is a fossa with two small anterior foramina, and a large one
behind pterygoids, with a hamular termination abutting the bulle;
basioccipital narrow, acuminate, reduced, separated by a fissure for
its entire length from the bulla; a similar fissure divides the last
named bones from the alisphenoid and squamosal. The interorbital
foramen is placed low down, midway on the side of the rostrum;
incisive foramina minute slits between incisors and molars. In the
rear of the skull the occipital bones appear as a rim to the foramen
magnum; upper incisors sulcate, pointing backward; molars rootless;
mandible small, thick, with a conspicuous acute lamina twisting
obliquely outward and upward; mental foramen outside, near incisors;
hind legs elongate; tail longer than head and body, penicillate; soles
Fic. 65. DIPODOMYS PHILLIPSI.
No. 5913 Am, Mus. Nat. Hist. Coll. Nat. size.
UPPER TOOTH ROW. LOWER TOOTH ROW.
Enlarged 7 times. Enlarged 7 times.
DIPODOMYS. 345
hairy; hind foot with four toes only; cheek pouches large; fur of
velvet softness. All the species of both genera have facial crescentic
lines more or less distinctly marked; side of mouth white; white
spot over the eyes and another behind the ear, and a white stripe
across the thighs, usually reaching the tail; digits four.
Gena wOnee SPECIES:
A. Hind foot with four toes.
a. Under parts white.
PAGE
Spee DOVE GDia MEMNMREU Ee os. 6... >... Cen D. phillipst 343
by eAbove soldepiei@nseclon:.............,50 D. ornatus 344
c.’ Above mixed brownish clay color and
MCle. \ tO OEE eS. ee D. perotensis 344
d.’ Above yellowish brown and black......... D. mitchelli 344
@ Above pale yellowish brown.........9.4..).". D. deserti 345
ieee bove ochraceous) put and black. .../:.kus D. spectabilis 345
g.’ Above mouse gray, tinged with pinkish
DLL (5a MRE Sag a. x, Snr cote ee D. merriami 345
h.’ Above buffy drab and pale buff........ D.m. ambiguus 346
The ie blon eM Opeth: Sia! eh 2h! ta en a D.m. parvus 346
me OE CATT IIOM yess ty ek cis. eke a D.m. simiolus 347
Pe Ja blo € gyoghall- aks) gk! a) | D.m, arenivagus 347
Nye so, Tek lhe ee Eh, (>on D.m. atronasus 348
m.’ Above mixed pale ochraceous buff and
jo ICL eee a D. m. melanurus 348
348. phillipsi (Dipodomys), Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., vii, 1841,
Di 52a
PHILLIPS’ KANGAROO Rat.
Type locality. Real del Monte, north end of Valley of Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Valley of Mexico, State of Mexico, and States of
Puebla, eastern Tlaxcala and western Vera Cruz, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Size small; colors dark; tip of tail white. Skull:
interorbital constriction very considerable; mastoids relatively small
and separated on top of skull; superior outline arched.
Color. Above sepia brown and ochraceous mixed with black:
sides of nose, spot at base of ear, stripe across thigh, and under parts
white; stripe across nose from base of whiskers and base of. tail
black; tail black above and below, sides and tip white.
Measurements. Total length, 270; tail vertebre, 168; hind foot,
41. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 42; Hensel, 29.5; zygomatic width,
22; mastoid width, 28; width of parietal, 19.5; posterior width of
basioccipital between bulla, 5.5; palatal length, 17; postpalatal
344 DIPODOMYS.
length, 12; length of bulla, rr.5; length of upper tooth row, alveolar
border, 5; length of mandible, 18.5; length of lower tooth row, 5.
349. ornatus (Dipodomys), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 1x, 1894,
p. Tres
ORNAMENTED KANGAROO Rat.
Type locality. Berriozabal, State of Zacatecas, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. State of Zacatecas, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Similar to D. phillipsi; hind foot shorter. Upper
premolar without the antero-internal lobe.
Color. Above golden clay color; head and median line of back
darker; orbital ring, facial crescents, and inner sides of hind legs
black; stripes on thighs and under parts white; tail black above and
below, sides and tip white.
Measurements. Total length, 274; tail vertebre, 167; hind foot, 39.
350. perotensis (Dipodomys), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 1x,
1894, p. III.
PeROTE KANGAROO Rat.
Type locality. Perote, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. State of Vera Cruz, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Similar to the preceding species in color and cranial
characters, the differences being mainly comparative, viz., skull nar-
rower on top, more arched; breadth of supra-occipital between
mastoids greater; angle of mandible larger.
Color. Above brownish clay mixed with black on head and back;
sides ochraceous buff; facial crescents and inner side of hind leg
black; tail black, with white side stripes and tip.
Measurements. Total length, 271; tail vertebre, 162; hind foot,
40.
351. mitchelli (Dipodomys), Mearns, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1897,
XI yt 0.
TrBuRON IsLAND KANGAROO Rat.
Type locality. Tiburon Island, Gulf of California, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Known only from type locality.
Genl. Char. Similar to D. m. simiolus Rhoads, but smaller.
Color. Above yellowish brown mixed with black on back; sides
ochraceous buff; under parts white; tail black, with white side stripes,
pencil grayish; ears black inside, yellowish outside; stripe on under
side of hind foot black.
Measurements. Total length, 110; tail vertebra, 130; hind foot,
38.5. (ex Type.) Skull: total length, 36.5; breadth of skull, 22.5;
length of nasals, 13.3. (Mearns, 1. c.)
DIPODOMYS. 345
352. deserti (Dipodomys), Steph., Am. Nat., xx1, 1887, p. 42, pl. v.
Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., rgo1, p. 235.
DESERT KANGAROO Rat.
Type locality. Mojave River, near San Bernardino County,
California.
Geogr. Distr. State of Sonora and Lower California, Mexico,
north to Mojave and Colorado deserts, southeastern California.
Genl. Char. Large; colors pale; tail longer than head and body;
mastoids greatly developed.
Color. Above pale yellowish brown, hairs plumbeous at base;
legs, feet, and under parts white; tail white, with a pale brown dorsal
stripe, growing darker towards end, and extending from near base
to white tip; white spot over eye and behind ear; white thigh stripe.
Measurements. Total length, 133; tail vertebra, 204; hind foot,
52. Skull: total length, 42; Hensel, 36; zygomatic width, 21; inter-
orbital constriction, 13; mastoid width, 28.5; length of nasals, 15;
width of parietal anteriorly, 17.5; palatal length to incisive foramina,
7; length of upper molar series, 5; length of mandible, 18.
353. spectabilis (Dipodomys), Merr., N. Am. Faun., No. 4, 1890,
p. 46. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., roor, p. 235.
HANDSOME KANGAROO Rat.
Type locality. Dos Cabezos, Cochise County, Arizona.
Geogr. Distr. States of Sonora and Chihuahua, Mexico, and
portions of Texas and Arizona, eastward to Sierra Blanca, Texas.
Genl. Char. Size large; tail nearly twice the length of head and
body; mastoids not meeting behind parietals; maxillary bridge of
orbit broad.
Color. Above ochraceous buff, lined with black, sides paler; top
of head and back darkest; facial crescent crossing nose black; hip
patch ochraceous; hind leg white above, dusky below; dorsal stripe
of tail dusky for basal half, followed by a broad black band, termi-
nating in a long white brush; ventral stripe dusky, the two meeting
about two-thirds the length of tail from base, the lateral white stripes
disappearing.
Measurements. Total length, 355; tail vertebra, 211; pencil, 30;
hind foot, 56; ear, 17.5. Skull: total length, 46; Hensel, 31; zygo-
matic width, 25; interorbital constriction, 15; mastoid breadth, 28;
length of upper molar series, 5.5; length of nasals, 10; length of
mandible, 21.
354. merriami (Dipodomys), Mearns, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.,
1890, p. 290. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 232.
346 DIPODOMYS.
Fic. XLVIII. DIPODOMYS MERRIAMI.
MERRIAM'S KANGAROO RAT.
MerrRIAM’s KANGAROO Rat.
Type locality. New River, between Phoenix and Prescott, Arizona.
Geogr. Distr. States of Sonora and Chihuahua, Mexico, north
into Arizona.
Genl. Char. Limbs and tail slender, latter longer than head and
body; skull small.
Color. Above mouse gray, tinged with pinkish buff; sides sandy;
nose and sides of face black nearly to eyes; aural spot and under
parts white; tail drab gray, white band on each side not reaching
extremity.
Measurements. Total length, 281; tail vertebre, 149; hind foot,
36. Skull: total length, 37; Hensel, 22; zygomatic width, 17; inter-
orbital constriction, 13; mastoid width, 23; length of nasals, 14;
length of upper molar series, 4; length of mandible, 18.5.
a.—ambisuus (Dipodomys), Merr., N. Am. Faun., No. 4, 1890,
p. 42. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1gor, p. 234.
DouBTFUL KANGAROO Rat.
Type locality. El Paso, El Paso County, Texas.
Geogr. Distr. State of Chihuahua, Mexico, north to north-
western Texas.
Genl. Char. Tail one-third longer than head and body; size me-
dium; body slender.
Color. Above buffy drab; sides tinged with pale buff, and lined
everywhere with black; beneath white; upper and lower tail stripes
dusky to tip; lateral white stripes terminating with the vertebre.
Measurements. Total length, 233; tail vertebrae, 133; hind
foot, 37sueer, 7.
b.—parvus (Dipodomys), Rhoads, Am. Nat., xxvii, 1894, p. 70.
Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 234.
SMALL KANGAROO Rat.
Type locality. San Bernardino, San Bernardino County, California.
DIPODOMYS. 347
Geogr. Distr. Lower California, Mexico, into southern California.
Genl. Char. Similar to D. merriami, smaller, tail longer and
without black markings on face and nose.
Color. Above buffy gray, sides buff; under parts white; usual
white eye and ear spot, and stripe on thighs; dark dorsal and ventral
tail stripes brownish black; pencil sooty black; lateral stripes white;
orbital ring black; under surface of hind foot brownish.
Measurements. Total length, 248; tail vertebre, 154; hind foot,
35; ear, ro. Skull: basilar length, 21; mastoid breadth, 22.5; inter-
orbital constriction, 13; length of nasals, 13; length of upper molar
series on crowns, 3.6; length of mandible, 13.9; height of coronoid
process from angle, 5.1.
c.—simiolus (Dipodomys), Rhoads, Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil.,
1893, p. 410. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., rgor, p. 234.
similis Rhoads, Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil., 1893, p. 411. Elliot,
oyn. N,. Am. Maimm:, 1ger, p. 234.
ALLIED KaNGAROO Rat.
Type locality. Agua Caliente, Mojave Desert, California.
Geogr. Distr. Lower California and State of Sonora, Mexico, into
California.
Genl. Char. Similar to D. deserti, but smaller; pencil not white.
Color. Above pale yellowish brown like D. desertt, inclining to
cinnamon on rump; beneath white; tail, upper fourth dark ashy
extending to tip, brownish black on middle third of under side; feet
white, soles shghtly darker.
Measurements. Total length, 241; tail vertebre, 149; hind foot,
38; ear from crown, 9; pencil, 35. Skull: basilar length, 21.8; mastoid
breadth, 24; interorbital constriction, 14.5; length of nasals, 13;
length of mandible, angle to base of incisors, 13.8; coronoid process
from angle, 5.6.
d.—arenivasus Elliot, Pub. Field Columb. Mus., 111, 1903, p. 249.
Zoology.
Type locality. San Felipe, Lower California, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Size small, similar to D. m. simiolus, but paler; ear
larger; hind foot shorter. Skull narrower across mastoids and parietal ;
nasals shorter.
Color. Upper parts pinkish buff, palest on the head and darkest
on rump, the plumbeous under fur showing in places; no black
streaks on face; white spots behind ears and above eyes; upper parts
of sides from eye to rump like color of rump; nose, sides of face,
lower part of flanks, entire under parts and limbs, pure white; a
narrow line of pinkish buff across thighs; hands yellowish white,
348 DIPODOMYS.
feet white; tail with a bushy pencil, the upper parts to tip pale drab,
sides and beneath white; ears naked, yellowish.
Measurements. Type. Total length, 225; tail vertebra, 134;
hind foot, 36; ear, 15. Average of ten specimens: Total length,
234.7; tail, 137.3; hind foot, 36.7; ear, 14.1. Skull: total length,
posterior line of mastoids to anterior end of nasals, 34; Hensel, 20;
zygomatic width, 15; width of mastoids, 22; greatest width of parietal,
15; length of nasals, 12; greatest width of rostrum, 5; palatal length,
t1; length of upper tooth row, 3; length of mandible, condyle to tip
of incisors, 16; length of lower tooth row, 3.
e.—atronasus (Dipodomys), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 1x, 1894,
Petts.
BLACK-NOSED KANGAROO Rat.
Type locality. Hacienda La Parada, 25 miles northwest of the
City of San Luis Potosi, State of San Luis Potosi, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Known only from type locality, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Similar to D. merriami1, but darker.
Color. Above dark clay color; sides ochraceous buffy; nose from
tip to eyes blackish; usual black stripes on face and thighs; tail
black above and below, white on sides to middle third of the length.
Measurements Total length, 267; tail vertebra, 162; hind foot,
40.
f.—melanurus (Dipodomys), Merr., Proc. Calif. Acad. Scien., 2d
Ser., 1893, p. 345.
BLACK-TAILED KANGAROO Rat.
Type locality. San Jose del Cabo, Lower California, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Cape region of Lower California, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Like D. merriamtz; terminal third of the tail blackish.
Color. Above mixed pale ochraceous buff and black; face and
supra-orbital spot white; under parts white; penicillate part of tail
blackish, rest like D. merriamt.
Measurements. Total length, 240; tail vertebre, 141; hind foot,
36.5.
The description given of the Kangaroo Rats of the genus Dipod-
omys will answer perfectly for the members of PERopipus. They
closely resemble each other in general appearance, and the presence
of a fifth toe on the hind foot was not suspected, so minute is it, for
a considerable time after the animals were known to naturalists.
PERODIPUS. 349
72. Perodipus. Five-toed Kangaroo Rats.
ia eA x
Ti; M.
ie TO.
2 [Oo
val ben
oxy ies)
Perodipus Fitzin., Sitz. Math.-Natur. Classe, K. Akad. Wiss. Wien.,
1867, LVI, p. 126. Type Dipidomys agilis Gambel.
Dipodops Merr., N. Am. Faun., 1890, No. 3, p. 72.
Skull similar to that of Dipodomus, with greatly developed mas-
toids and thread-liké zygomata; audital bulle in contact below basi-
sphenoid; hind feet with five toes, the first digit rudimentary, but
having a claw, and reaching to the end of the metatarsal bones of
the other digits.
Fic. 66. PERODIPUS CHAPMANI.
No, 802 Field Columbian Mus. Coll. Nat. size
UPPER TOOTH ROW. LOWER TOOTH ROW.
Enlarged 7 times. Enlarged 7 times.
KEY TO THE SRECIES.
A. Hind feet with five toes. PAGE
pee bOoVe Ockraceous bit. and blacke,. iG. ... ise. P’, (Cra so
b. Above brownish ochraceous and black....... P.o. palmert 350
Caps pove mousesray and black. ...g0...a4.0...% P.chapmant 350
d. Above gtay brown suffused with fulvous .....P. obscurus 351
Comanove sar brown and black) 2o.)....2g.... <a. P. agitseeass
350 PERODIPUS.
355. ordi (Dipodomys), Woodh., Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil., 1853,
p. 235. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., rgo1, p. 238.
Orv’s KanGaroo Rat.
Type locality. El Paso, El Paso County, Texas.
Geogr. Distr. State of Chihuahua, Mexico, north to Snake Plains.
Genl. Char. Size medium; tail little shorter than head and body.
Color. Above ochraceous buff, darkest on back, mixed with
black on rump; sides paler; side of nose, spot behind the ear, stripe
across thigh, and under parts, white; tail with dorsal and ventral
stripes dusky, pencil dusky, base of hairs white.
Measurements. Total length, 240; tail vertebre, 134; hind foot,
385 ear, 74
a.—palmeri (Dipodops), Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1891,
puceyzo:
PALMER’S KANGAROO Rat.
Type locality. San Luis Potosi, State of San Luis Potosi, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. State of San Luis Potosi, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Similar to P. ordi, but darker.
Color. Upper parts brownish ochraceous, mixed with black;
under parts, arms (excepting a patch of buff), band across thigh
and hind feet white; tail dusky brown, with narrow lateral white
stripes, tip dusky brown; ears whitish, with a dusky patch on outer
anterior border, and another on inner lower posterior border.
Measurements. Total length, 249; tail vertebra, 141; hind foot,
35; ear, 11.4. Skull: total length, 38; basal length, 25.4; mastoid
width, 24; interorbital constriction, 13.2; length of nasals, ‘I1.4;
length of mandible, condyle to tips of incisors, 17.8; height at coronoid
process, 5.8.
356. chapmani (Dipodomys), Mearns, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.,
1890, p. 291. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 237.
CHAPMAN’S KaNGAROO Rat.
Type locahty. Forte Verde, Yavapai County, Arizona, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. State of Sonora, Mexico, north into Arizona.
Genl. Char. More slender than C. ordi, tail longer, and color
darker. Skull lighter, smaller.
Color. Above mouse gray, mixed with black and buff; sides
sandy buff; usual line on side of nose, ear, and eye spots, and thigh
stripe white; under parts white; dorsal and ventral stripes on tail
drab gray; lateral white stripes extending to near end of vertebre.
Measurements. Total length, 280; tail vertebre, 148; hind foot,
38. Skull: total length, 37.2; zygomatic width, 17; Hensel, 23.5;
PERODIPUS. 351
interorbital constriction, 13; length of nasals, 13.5; mastoid width,
23; length of upper molar series, 5; length of mandible, 18.3.
357. obscurus (Perodipus), Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., ryo3,
Pp: 603.
Dusky KaNncGaAroo Rat.
Type locality. Rio Sestin, State of Durango, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Color very dark; size moderate.
Color. Dorsal area gray brown suffused with fulvous; flanks
more fulvous; lower half of cheeks, sides of neck, small spot above
eye, postauricular patch, band on thighs, fore legs, inner side of
hind legs and entire under parts white; tip of nose and bar at base
of whiskers black; ear buffy white; tail with dorsal and ventral
stripes blackish; sides and basal ring white.
Measurements. Total length, 232; tail vertebrae, 130; hind foot,
35; ear from notch, 12.7. Skull: total length, 36; greatest mastoid
breadth, 23; length of nasals, 13.
358. agilis (Dipodomys), Gambel, Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil.,
1848, p. 77. \ Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 236.
hermannt & wagnert Le Conte, Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil., 1848,
Pp. 77-
NIMBLE Kancaroo Rat.
Type locality. Los Angeles, Los Angeles County, California.
Geogr. Distr. Lower California, Mexico to southern and middle
California.
Genl. Char. Size small; color dark; body rather stout.
Color. Above ashy brown, heavily lined with black, especially
on top and sides of head and lower back; sides yellowish brown;
spot over eye and behind ear, side of snout, stripe on thighs and
under parts white; facial crescent black and broad, and meeting on
bridge of nose; tail blackish and with a blackish tip, lateral white
stripes terminating at base of pencil; under part of leg and base of
foot dusky; rest white.
Measurements. Total length, 280; tail vertebre, 170; hind leg,
39.5; ear, 14.5. Skull: total length, 38; Hensel, 24; zygomatic
width, 17.5; interorbital constriction, 12; mastoid breadth, 24;
palatal length to incisive foramina, 7; median length of nasals, 7.5;
length of upper molar series, 3.5; length of mandible, condyle to tips
of incisors, 20.
352 HETEROMYINZ. PEROGNATHUS.
The Pocket Mice, while related to the Kangaroo Rats, have not
their long hind limbs; indeed, these members scarcely exceed the
fore legs in length, and the pelage, instead of being soft and silky,
is usually harsh and coarse. The skull, however, is of a papery
construction, and the tail is long, and often tufted, and the general
appearance of the animals, especially in some of the species, is not
unlike that of the Kangaroo Rats. The cheek pouches have rather
narrow openings, but extend back nearly to the ears. The Pocket
Mice differ somewhat in their habits from the Dipodomyine, and
apparently hibernate, for they are rarely seen during the winter in
localities where the temperature goes below zero. They are prairie
dwellers, and make their burrows amid the buffalo grass, sinking
them perpendicularly for five or six inches, and the excavated earth
is piled up in little mounds near the opening. These mice are gen-
erally small in size, some species being indeed almost minute. They
are divided into two subgenera, distinguished from each other by
variations in the skulls.
Subfam. V. Heteromyine.
C. H. Merriam. Revision of the North American Pocket Mice,
N. Am. Faune ease, 1830.
W. H. Osgood. Revision of the Pocket Mice of the genus Perog-
nathus, N. Am. Faun., No. 18, 1900.
73. Perognathus. Pocket Mice.
CS Pp Me = 20.
SY te 38
Perognathus Wied. Nov. Act. Phys. Med. Acad. Caes. Leop.
Carol., xIx, 1839, pp. 368-373, pl. xxx1v. Type Perog-
nathus fasciatus Wied.
Cricetodipus Peale, Rep. Mamm. & Ornith. U. S. Expl. Exped.,
1848,"p. 53, ple ma, ie.
Abromys (sic) Gray, Proc. Zo6l. Soc., 1868, p. 202.
Otognosis Coues, Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil., 1875, p. 305.
Chetodipus Merr., N. Am. Faun., No. 1, 1889, p. 5, pl. 11, fig. 15.
Skull depressed and flat above; nasals lengthened, projecting
beyond incisors; mastoids less developed than those of the species
of Dipidomyine, and in certain species not projecting beyond plane
of occiput; zygomata much as in ordinary rodents; occiput not
emarginate; molars rooted; no pit between last lower molar and
coronoid process; tail moderate; soles naked or sparsely haired; hind
limbs scarcely exceeding the fore limbs in length.
PEROGNATHUS, 353
FiG. 67. PEROGNATHUS MERRIAMI.
No, 4963 Field Columbian Mus, Coll. ‘Twice nat, siz
UprER TOOTH ROW, LOWER TOOTH ROW
Enlarged to times, Enlarged to times
A. Perognathus.
Mastoids well developed, extending beyond occipital line; inter-
parietal pentagonal; mastoid side of parietal longest; audital bulle
nearly contiguous below basisphenoid.
KEY TO THE SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OF THE SUBGENUS,
A. Size small; hind foot less than 18 mm.
a. Tail about 60 mm. PAGE
a.’ Above ochraceous and black..... _P, merriamt 353
b.’ Above pale fulvous or buff and black,
a.’ Wind toot, 75 mm. Sarg! tinge’. TQVUS 354
Oe) Ce TOO, D7 AN ees occ een ares P.f. mexicanus 355
¢,’ Hind foot, 17.4 mm. Ph is P. p. brevinasus 355
c.’ Above pale ochraceous drab and black P, pacificus 355
B. Size large; hind foot over 18 mm.,... ., P. a, melanois 3506
359. merriami (Perognathus), Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.,
1892, p. 45, pl. m1, figs. 1-6. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm.,
TOOl, Dim 243.
mearnst Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1896, p. 237
354 PEROGNATHUS.
Fic. XLIX. PEROGNATHUS MERRIAMI.
MERRIAM’S PocKET MOUSE.
MERRIAM’s Pocket Mouse.
Type locality. Brownsville, Cameron County, Texas.
Geogr. Distr. Alta Mira, State of Tamaulipas, Mexico, into
Texas and New Mexico.
Genl. Char. Size of P. flavus, color more yellow, sides golden.
Color. Autumn Pelage. Above yellow, heavily lined with black;
sides golden, sparsely mixed with black; beneath white; thighs
golden; feet white; tail pale brownish yellow above, becoming
blackish at tip; beneath paler.
Summer Pelage. Above ochraceous, lined with black; lateral
stripe ochraceous; under parts white; ears dusky; aural spot buff;
tail pale grayish brown, lightest beneath. This phase of pelage repre-
sents P. mearnst Allen.
Measurements. Total length, 118; tail vertebre, 55; hind foot,
16; ear, 4. Skull: basilar length of Hensel, 14.8; occipito-nasal
length, 20.4; greatest mastoid breadth, 11.2; length of interparietal,
2.3; greatest width of interparietal, 3.6.
360. flavus (Perognathus), Baird, Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil.,
1855, p. 332. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 244.
Bairp’s Pocket Mouse.
Type locality. El Paso, El Paso County, Texas.
Geogr. Distr. State of Chihuahua, Mexico, into southeastern
Arizona and Texas.
Genl. Char. Size very small; ear without antitragal lobe; tail
less than head and body; audital bulla meeting below basisphen-
oids.
Color. Above pale fulvous, lined with black, no lateral stripe;
feet and under parts white; buff patch behind ear, and white one
on lower margin; orbital ring pale fulvous; tail pale brownish or
olive gray, of nearly the same hue above and below.
PEROGNATHUS. 355
Measurements. Total length, 117; tail vertebrae, 71; hind foot,
17; ear, 4. Skull: length of Hensel, 14.6; occipito-nasal length, 21;
greatest mastoid breadth, 12; length of interparietal, 2.6; greatest
width of interparietal, 2.9.
a,—mexicanus (Perognathus), Merr., Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil.,
1894, p. 265.
Mexican Pocket Mouse.
Type locality.. Tlalpam, Federal District, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. States of Zacatecas and San Luis Potosi to the
State of Jalisco on the west and State of Hidalgo on the east, and
south to the State of Mexico.
-Genl. Char. Similar to P. flavus, but darker and larger.
Color. Above buff, mixed with black; spot behind ear, and the
lateral line ochraceous; under parts white; tail dusky above, paler
beneath.
Measurements. Total length, 115.7; tail, 53.7; hind foot, 17.4.
panamintinus brevinasus (Perognathus), Osgood, N. Am. Faun.,
No. 18, 1900, p. 30. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 246.
SHORT-NOSED Pocket MOUSE.
Type locality. San Bernardino, San Bernardino County, Cali-
fornia.
Geogr. Distr. Lower California north to southern California.
Genl. Char. Similar to P. panamintinus, but darker. Skull
smaller; interparietal smaller, nasals shorter; lower premolar larger
than last molar.
Color. Above pinkish buff, lined with black; lateral line pinkish
buff; ears dusky, orbital ring buffy; tail buffy white, faintly dusky
above.
Measurements. Total length, 124; tail vertebre, 66; hind foot,
17.4. Skull: length’ of Hensel, 14.9; occipito-nasal length, 21.4;
mastoid breadth, 11.9; length of interparietal, 2.5; greatest width
of interparietal, 3.5; interorbital constriction, 5.2; length of nasals,
Ong:
361. pacificus (Perognathus), Mearns, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.,
n50o8..p..290, Elltot, Syn: N. Am: Mamm., tger, p. 246.
PaciFic Pocket Mouse.
Type locality. Mouth of Tijuana River, Mexican boundary
Monument, No. 258, shore of Pacific Ocean, San Diego County,
California.
Geogr. Distr. Edge of Pacific Ocean, on a flat at mouth of
Tijuana River, and probably into Lower California, Mexico.
356 PEROGNATHUS.
Genl. Char. Similar to P. bimaculatus, but smaller; tail more
hairy; lower premolar more nearly quadrate; audital bulla more
separated.
Color. Above pale ochraceous drab, lined with black; ears and
spot at base of whiskers blackish; orbital area pale buff; spot behind
eye and also the lateral line on body pale buff; feet and under parts
white; tail hoary at base, tip dusky.
Measurements. Total length, 109; tail vertebre, 53; hind foot,
15.5; ear from crown, 4.7. Skull: length of Hensel, 13; occipito-
nasal length, 19; greatest mastoid breadth, 11; length of inter-
parietal, 2.2; greatest width of interparietal, 3.4; interorbital con-
striction, 4.9; length of nasals, 7.
apache melanotis (Perognathus), Osgood, N. Am. Faun., No. 18, 1900,
pray
BLACK-EARED Pocket MOUSE.
Type locality. Casas Grandes, State of Chihuahua, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Known only from type locality.
Genl. Char. Similar to P. apache, but darker, smaller.
Color. Above rich buff, lined with black; under parts pure
white; orbital region buff; ears, edges, and spot at base white; inside
black; tail above dusky, beneath buffy white.
Measurements. Total length, 133; tail vertebra, 65; hind foot,
19.5. Skull: length of Hensel, 15.3; occipito-nasal length, 21.5;
greatest mastoid width, 11.8; length of interparietal, 2.8; greatest
interparietal width, 4.3; interorbital constriction, 5; length of
nasals, 8.
B. Chetodipus,
‘“Mastoids moderately developed, not projecting behind plane
of occiput; interparietal broadly pentagonal, or strap-shaped; mas-
FiG. 68. PEROGNATHUS (CHATODIPUS) FEMORALIS MESOPOLIUS.
No. 10374 Field Columbian Mus. Nat. size.
Tooth rows enlarged g times.
PEROGNATHUS. 357
toid side of parietal not longest; audital bullae separated anteriorly
by full width or nearly full width of basisphenoid.”’
KEY TO THE SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OF THE SUBGENUS.
A. Rump without bristles.
a. Size small; total length, 136 mm.
a.’ Above buffy drab and black....: ote P. p. arenarius 358
b. Size medium; total length, 159-191 mm.
a.’ Above vinaceous buff and black.
PAGE
an Hind fOOtmaetdos ci... vs. P. p. angustirostris 358
pe blind LOR es ls... P. p. prictt 358
b.’ Above whitish drab, tinged with fawn...P. p. eremicus 359
x al Son MM seen h adie 0S i) ke | a Ue P. permx 359
da wabove broceolemrowilina..)....... oes P. p. rostratus 359
e.’ Above mixed dark buff and black........... P. hellert 360
c. Size large; total length, 208-242 mm.
a.’ Above cinnamon and brownish black......P. hispidus 360
We eebOVE QUVERCOmmnatie. 6... x blaine P. h. zacatecas 361
ce.’ Above yellowish brown and black.....P. h. paradoxus 361
ad, Above drab brown and black.............. P. baileyi 361
e.’. Above pale buff and black.......... P. b. rhydinohris 362
f.’ Above ochraceous buff and black........... P. cnecus 362
B. Rump with bristles.
a. Size large.
a.’ Pelage very coarse, bristly.
a.’ Mastoids very small.
a.’/’’ Above pale fawn and black....... P. margarite 363
b.’” Mastoids moderate.
a.’/’’ Above dark gray, lined with black.
A OME TOMI,.. . . ee G+ OMe P. spinatus 363
jon A Sv ish oak salen ho P.s. peninsule 363
Ce nae RATA. . > sree ss oe me P.s. bryantt 364
b.’ Pelage moderately coarse, not bristly.
a.’ Above drab gray, lined with black. ..P. intermedius 364
Ey OVER MEIL COW May. br. os iate ees +a sede P. nelsont 364
ge Tatangelo ote (2) ee oe P. n. canescens 365
d.’’ Above broccoli brown and black.
dG. samp Diistles PLOMUINENGIn. .54..... P. goldmant 365
Db “sump oristies undeveloped. .o0. ....5 50. Arius 9308
e.” Above dark grizzled yellowish brown
aol 1) el RU at eR P. fallax 9366
f.’ Above pale broccoli brown, slightly
(meremewwit Olde... Lees eee. P. f. pallidus 366
358 PEROGNATHUS.
PAGE
a.’ ADOVG ER View. oS. P. anthonyi 366
h.’’” Above grayish yellowish brown and
LACIE SHINER ec cr cs cue) od eae P. femoralis 367
i.” Above mixed pale gray, light buff, and
WING eT kee ee P. }. mesopolius 367
penicillatus arenarius (Perognathus), Merr., Proc, Cal. Acad. Scien.,
ad Ser., Iv, 1894, p. 46r.
LirtLE Desert Pocket Mouse.
Type locality. San Jorge, near Comandu, Lower California,
Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. East coast of Lower California.
Genl. Char. Size very small; tail exceeding head and body; no
bristles. Similar to P. penicillatus.
Color. Above buffy drab, mixed with black; sides paler; no
lateral line; white spot on lower margin of ears; under parts white;
tail brownish above, white below.
Measurements. Total length, 136; tail vertebra, 70; hind foot,
20. Skull: length of Hensel, 15.3; occipito-nasal length, 23; greatest
mastoid breadth, 12; length of interparietal, 3.5; greatest width of
interparietal, 6.4; interorbital constriction, 6.2; length of nasals, 8.8.
penicillatus angustirostris (Perognathus), Osgood, N. Am. Faun.,
No. 18, 1900, p. 47. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 252.
SLENDER-NOSED Pocket Mouse.
Type locality. Carriso Creek, Colorado Desert, San Diego
County, California.
Geogr. Distr. Northern Lower California, east to the Colorado
Desert and southwestern Arizona, north to Colorado Desert, California.
Genl, Char. Similar to P. penicillatus, but smaller; nasals and
ascending premaxille long and narrow.
Color, Above vinaceous buff, sprinkled with black; under parts,
fore legs, and feet white; lateral stripe indistinct, pale fulvous; tail
above dusky extending over pencil, beneath white.
Measurements. Total length, 191; tail vertebra, 105; hind foot,
24.4. Skull: length of Hensel, 18; occipito-nasal length, 26; greatest
mastoid breadth, 13; length of interparietal, 3.1; greatest width of
interparietal, 7; interorbital constriction, 6.4; length of nasals, 10.3.
penicillatus pricii (Perognathus), Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.,
1894, p. 318. Elliot, Syn. N: Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 253.
obscurus Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1895, p. 216.
Price’s Pocket Mouse.
l'ype locality. Oposura, State of Sonora, Mexico.
PEROGNATHUS. 859
Geogr. Distr. Northwestern Mexico west of the Sierra Madre,
north into south central Arizona.
Genl. Char. Similar to P. penicillatus, but smaller; no spines on
rump; pelage harsh; skull short.
Color. Above and on sides vinaceous buff, lined with black;
lateral stripe indistinct; under parts white; tail above dusky, beneath
white; ears like back.
Measurements. Total length, 172; tail vertebra, 90; pencil, 10;
hind foot, 23; ear, 7.5. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 26; Hensel,
18.4; greatest mastoid breadth, 13; length of interparietal, 6.7;
greatest width of interparietal, 6.2; length of nasals, 9.4.
penicillatus eremicus (Perognathus), Mearns, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat.
Hist., 1898, p. 300. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., roor, p. 253.
EASTERN Desert Pocket Mouse.
Type locality. Fort Hancock, El Paso County, Texas.
Geogr. Distr. North central Mexico east of the Sierra Madre to
La Ventura, State of Coahuila, and north into western Texas.
Genl. Char. Small; colors pale; skull rather heavy.
Color. Above whitish drab, tinged with fawn and lined with
dusky; lateral stripe faint; feet and lower parts white; tail above
and tip pale brown, beneath white.
Measurements. Average total length of six, 163; tail vertebra,
83; hind foot, 22.1; ear from base, 9.1. Skull: Hensel, 17.5; greatest
mastoid breadth, 12.6; length of interparietal, 3; greatest width of
interparietal, 7; interorbital constriction, 6.4; length of nasals, 9.3.
362. pernix (Perognathus), Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1898,
Pp. 149.
SINALOA Pocket MousE.,
Type locality.. Rosario, State of Sinaloa, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. States of Sinaloa and Jalisco, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Size small; colors dark; no spines; tail long.
Color. Upper parts hair brown; lateral line pinkish ochraceous
buff; under parts whitish; tail brownish above, whitish beneath;
ears dusky with white dot on inferior margins.
Measurements. Total length, 175; tail vertebrae, 97; hind foot,
22.3. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 24.4; Hensel, 17.4; greatest mas-
toid breadth, 12.2; length of interparietal, 3.3; greatest width of
interparietal, 7.2; interorbital constriction, 5.4; length of nasals, 8.6.
a.—vrostratus (Perognathus), Osgood, N. Am. Faun., No. 18, 1900, p. 51.
BROAD-NOSED Pocket MousE.
Type locality, Camoa, Rio Mayo, State of Sonora, Mexico.
>
360 ' PEROGNATHUS.
Geogr. Distr. Southern part State of Sonora and northern por-
tion State of Sinaloa, plains of the coast, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Similar to P. pernix, but skull shorter and wider.
Color. Above broccoli brown; lateral line pinkish buff; under
parts whitish; generally paler than P. pernix.
Measurements. Total length, 162; tail vertebre, 94; hind foot,
23.5. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 22.7; Hensel, 16.5; greatest mas-
toid width, 11.7; length of interparietal, 3.4; greatest width of inter-
parietal, 7; interorbital constriction, 5.5; length of nasals, 8.6.
363. helleri (Perognathus), Elliot, Pub. Field Columb. Mus., 111,
1903, p. 166. Zodlogy.
HELLER’S Pocket Mouse.
Type locality. San Quentin, Lower California, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Size similar to P. p. arenarius, color very different,
conspicuous lateral line. Skull with shorter nasals, broader ros-
trum, wider interorbital space, braincase broader, mastoids less
prominent, bulle smaller and more pointed anteriorly.
Color. Above mixed black and dark buff, giving a dark yellowish
brown appearance to the upper parts; distinct bright buff lateral
line from nose to rump; under parts pure white; tail above dark
brown, almost dusky, beneath pure white, pencil-like upper part
dusky; hands and feet gray; ears dark brown.
Measurements. Total length, 159; tail vertebra, 83; hind foot,
20.5; ear, 8. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 23; Hensel, 14; zygo-
matic breadth, 11.5; interorbital constriction, 6; mastoid breadth,
11.5; greatest width of braincase, 10.5; palatal length, 8.5; length
of nasals, 7.5; width of rostrum, 4; length of upper tooth row, al-
veolar border, 3.
364. hispidus (Perognathus), Baird, N. Am. Mamm., 1857, p. 421.
Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1gor, p. 251.
Hispip Pocket Mouse.
Type locality. Charco Escondido, State of Tamaulipas, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. States of Nuevo Leon and Tamaulipas, Mexico,
north into Texas and Oklahoma.
Genl. Char. Size large; tail about equal to head and body; no
spines; antitragus lobed; hind foot broad, short.
Color. Above brownish black and cinnamon; lateral stripe
bright fulvous; under parts, fore legs, and feet white; tail black
above, white below; no tuft.
Measurements. Total length, 208; tail vertebre, 102; hind foot,
24. Skull: length of Hensel, 20.2; occipto-nasal length, 28; greatest
mastoid breadth, 13.8; length of interparietal, 4.1; greatest width
y
PEROGNATHUS, 361
of interparietal, 7.2; interorbital constriction, 7; length of nasals,
rO:6,
a,—zacatece (Perognathus), Osgood, N. Am. Faun., No. 18, 1900,
Pp. 45-
ZACATECAS Pocket Mouse.
Type locality. Valparaiso, State of Zacatecas, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. States of Zacatecas and Guanajuato, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Similar to P. lispidus, but larger and darker.
Color. Upper parts olive brown; lateral line ochraceous; under
parts white; spots on side of whiskers black; tail black above, white
beneath.
Measurements. Total length, 211; tail vertebra, 105; hind foot,
27.5. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 30.2; Hensel, 22.5; greatest mas-
toid breadth, 15; length of interparietal, 4; greatest width of inter-
parietal, 8; interorbital constriction, 7; length of nasals, 12.
b,—paradoxus (Perognathus), Merr., N. Am. Faun., No. 1, 1889,
p. 24, pl. 11, fig. 18. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 252.
STRANGE Pocket Mouse.
Type locality. Banner, Trego County, Kansas.
Geogr. Distr. State of Sonora, north to northern and western
Kansas.
Genl. Char. Large; ears large, with antitragal lobes; soles naked.
Color. Above yellowish brown, lined with black; sides fulvous;
fore legs fulvous outside; feet and under parts white; tail above
fuliginous, beneath white, tinged with fulvous.
Measurements. Total length, 205-242 (Merr. measurements, l. c.
Ioo mm. error); tail vertebre, 113; hind foot, 26; ears, 5. Skull:
occipito-nasal length, 32; Hensel, 24; greatest mastoid breadth, 15;
length of interparietal, 4.7; greatest width of interparietal, 8; inter-
orbital constriction, 7.5; length of nasals, 13.2.
365. baileyi (Perognathus), Merr., Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil.,
1894, p. 262, fig: 1. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., rgor, p. 251.
BaIiLey’s Pocket Mouse.
Type locality. Magdalena, State of Sonora, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. States of Sonora and Lower California, Mexico,
into Arizona.
Genl. Char. Large; tail very much longer than head and body;
mastoids considerably developed; bulle nearly meeting below basi-
sphenoid; interparietal pentagonal, broadest anteriorly.
Color. Above drab brown, lined with black; beneath white;
pale lateral stripe; tail above dusky, beneath white.
362 PEROGNATHUS.
Measurements. Total length, 210; tail vertebrae, 122; hind foot,
27. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 30; Hensel, 21.5; greatest mastoid
breadth, 15.6; length of interparietal, 4.2; greatest width of inter-
parietal, 6.8; interorbital constriction, 6.8; length of nasals, 12.2.
a.—rhydinorhis (Perognathus), Elliot, Pub. Field Columb. Mus.,
III, 1903, p. 167. Zodlogy.
SAN QUENTIN PocKeET Mouse.
Type locality. San Quentin, Lower California, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. West coast of Lower California in the vicinity of
San Quentin.
Genl. Char. Similar to P. baileyi, but darker, with very slender
nasals, larger mastoids, and more slender upper incisors.
Color. Upper parts and sides pale buff, finely lined with black,
darkest on head; sides of head, the nose, cheeks, and line above eyes
yellowish buff, lined with black; ochraceous lateral line from lips to
thighs; under parts pure white; tail above and pencil dark brown,
beneath yellowish white; hands and feet grayish white.
Measurements. Total length, 232; tail vertebra, 128; hind foot,
27; ear, 11.5. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 31; Hensel, 22; zygo-
matic width, 16; interorbital constriction, 6.5; width of interparietal,
6.5; length of nasals, 10; palatal length, 12; mastoid breadth, 15;
length of upper tooth row, 4.
366. cnecus (Perognathus), Elliot, Pub. Field Columb. Mus., 111,
1903, p. 169. Zodlogy.
BuFF-COLORED Pocket MOusE.
Type locality. Rosarito, San Pedro Martir Mountains, Lower
California, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Size very large; color of under parts deep cream
buff; skull large, with very long, slender nasals, broadening at tip.
Color. Upper parts ochraceous buff, lined with black; top of
nose and whiskers blackish; spot in front of eye, and broad lateral
band from lip to posterior part of thigh ochraceous buff; sides above
lateral line grayish buff; rest of under parts, arms, legs, hands, and
thighs creamy buff, and a pure white spot with hairs white to the
roots on chest between arms, extending in a narrow line towards
abdomen; tail hairy, above blackish, beneath cream buff; ears dark
brown.
Measurements. Total length, 228; tail vertebra, 126; hind foot,
28; ear, 9.5. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 32; Hensel, 22; zygomatic
width, 16.5; greatest mastoid breadth, 16; greatest width of inter-
parietal, 8; interorbital constriction, 7; median length of nasals, 13;
lateral length, 14; posterior width of nasals, 2; anterior width, 3;
PEROGNATHUS. 363
greatest width of rostrum, 5; palatal length, 13; length of tooth row,
alveolar border, 4; length of mandible, tip of angle to alveolus of
IMCisor, 14.2.
367. margaritz (Perognathus), Merr., Proc. Cal. Acad. Scien., 2d
Ser., 1894, p. 459.
MARGARITA PockET MOUSE.
Type locality. Santa Margarita Island, Lower California, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Type locality only.
Genl. Char. Size medium; tail longer than head and body.
Skull: mastoids small; occiput not projecting posteriorly.
Color. Upper parts pale fawn mixed with black; lateral line
indistinct; subauricular spot small; under parts and feet whitish;
tail above dusky, beneath whitish.
Measurements. Total length, 180; tail vertebra, roz2; hind foot,
22.5. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 25.9; Hensel, 18; greatest mas-
toid breadth, 12; length of interparietal, 12; greatest width of inter-
parietal, 8; interorbital constriction, 6.5; length of nasals, 10.3.
368. spinatus (Perognathus), Merr., N. Am. Faun., No. 1, 1889,
p. 21. Elliot, Syo. N. Am, Manim., roon,p. 255:
SPINY Pocket Mouse.
Type locality. Twenty-five miles below the Needles, Colorado
River, San Bernardino County, California.
Geogr. Distr. Northern Lower California, Mexico, and southern
California.
Genl. Char. Size medium; tail longer than head and body,
crested; antitragal lobe large; soles naked; rump spinous.
Color. Above drab gray, lined with black; no lateral stripe;
fore legs, feet, and under parts white; tail above dusky; below white;
pencil dusky.
Measurements. Total length, 179; tail vertebre, 104; pencil, 15;
hind foot, 21; ear from crown, 3.5. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 28;
Hensel, 19.8; greatest mastoid breadth, 13.1; length of interparietal,
4; greatest width of interparietal, 8.3; interorbital constriction, 6.5;
length of nasals, 11.2.
a.—peninsule (Perognathus), Merr., Proc. Cal. Acad. Scien., 2d
Ser., 1894, p. 460.
Cape St. Lucas Pocket Mouse.
Type locality. San José del Cabo, Lower California, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Cape region of Lower California, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Similar to P. spinatus, but larger; tail shorter:
ears large, rounded; skull with comparative differences.
364 PEROGNATHUS.
Color. Exactly like that of P. spinatus.
Measurements. Total length, average, 188; tail vertebre, ror;
hind foot, 24. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 26.5; Hensel, 18;
greatest mastoid breadth, 13; length of interparietal, 3.7; greatest
width of interparietal, 7.6; least interorbital width, 6.6; length of
nasals, 9.8.
b.—bryanti (Perognathus), Merr., Proc. Cal. Acad. Scien., 2d Ser,
1894, p. 458.
Bryant’s Pocket Mouse.
Type locality. San José Island, Lower California, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Type locality only.
Genl. Char. Similar to P. s. peninsule; larger, tail longer.
Color. Like P. s. peninsule.
Measurements. Total length, 216; tail vertebre, 127; hind foot,
25. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 27.3; Hensel, 18.9; greatest mas-
toid breadth, 13.1; length of interparietal, 3.5; greatest width of
interparietal, 8.1; interorbital constriction, 6.8; length of nasals, 10.3.
369. intermedius (Perognathus), Merr., N. Am. Faun., No. 1, 1889,
p. 28, pl. rr aes. LElliot; Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. aga
INTERMEDIATE Pocket MOUSE.
Type locality. Mud Spring, Mohave County, Arizona.
Geogr. Distr. State of Chihuahua, Mexico, into Texas and Arizona.
Genl. Char. Tail much longer than head and body; antitragal
lobe large; soles naked.
Color. Above drab gray, tinged with pale fulvous and lined with
black; lateral line pale fulvous; fore legs, feet, and under parts white;
tail above sooty brown, beneath whitish.
Measurements. Total length, 183; tail vertebra, 106; pencil, 18;
hind foot, 21; ear, 4.5. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 24.5; Hensel,
17; greatest mastoid breadth, 13.5; length of interparietal, 3;
greatest width of interparietal, 8; interorbital constriction, 6.3;
length of nasals, 9.4.
370. nelsoni (Perognathus), Merr., Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil.,
1894, p. 266.
Nevson’s Pocket Mouse.
Type locality. Hacienda La Parada, 25 miles northwest of the
city of San Luis Potosi, State of San Luis Potosi, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. States of San Luis Potosi and Durango, south into
State of Jalisco, and east into State of Tamaulipas, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Similar to P. intermedius, but larger and darker;
bristles on rump; tail crested.
PEROGNATHUS. 365
Color. Upper parts and sides hair brown; lateral line fawn;
under parts soiled white; tail black above, whitish beneath; ears
dusky.
Measurements. Total length, 182; tail vertebra, 104; hind foot,
23; ear, 8. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 26; Hensel, 18; greatest
mastoid breadth, 13.8; length of parietal, 3.5; greatest width of
interparietal, 7.6; interorbital constriction, 6.7; length of nasals, ro.
a.—canescens (Perognathus), Merr., Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil.,
ms04, p. 267.
JaRAL Pocket Mouse.
Type locality. Jaral, State of Coahuila, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Known only from type locality.
Genl. Char. Similar to P. intermedius; larger and more grayish.
Color. Upper parts drab gray; lateral line pinkish buff; under
parts white; tail mouse gray above, white beneath.
Measurements. Total length, 193; tail vertebre, 117; hind foot,
22. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 25; Hensel, 17.5; greatest mastoid
breadth, 13.5; length of interparietal, 37; greatest width of inter-
parietal, 7.2; interorbital constriction, 6.1; length of nasals, 9.3.
371. goldmani (Perognathus), Osgood, N. Am. Faun., No. 18, 1900,
Pp. 54.
GOLDMAN’s Pocket MOUSE.
Type locality. Sinaloa, State of Sinaloa, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. States of Sonora and Sinaloa, Mexico; coast
plains.
Genl. Char. Size large; ears large; similar in color to P. nelsoni.
Color. Upper parts broccoli brown, darkened on anterior half
with black; lateral line pinkish buff; ear whitish exteriorly for
apical half; under parts white; tail blackish above, white below.
Measurements. Total length, 202; tail vertebra, 108; hind foot,
28. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 27.7; Hensel, 20.6; greatest mas-
toid width, 14.3; length of interparietal, 3.8; greatest width of inter-
parietal, 6.5; interorbital constriction, 6.5; length of nasals, 11.1.
a.—artus (Perognathus), Osgood, N. Am. Faun., No. 18, r1g00,
Pp. 55:
Batopitas Pocket Mouse.
Type locality. Batopilas, State of Chihuahua, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. States of Chihuahua, Durango, and Sinaloa,
Mexico.
Genl. Char. Similar to P. goldmani; rump bristles undeveloped;
slight cranial differences.
366 PEROGNATHUS,
Color. Indistinguishable from P. goldmant. The less prominent
rump bristles seem chiefly to distinguish this from the preceding one.
Measurements. Total length, 191; tail vertebre, 106; hind foot,
24.6. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 25.4; Hensel, 18.8; greatest mas-
toid breadth, 12.4; length of interparietal, 3.3; greatest width of
interparietal, 7.1; interorbital constriction, 6.1; length of nasals, 9.7.
372. fallax (Perognathus), Merr., N. Am. Faun., No. 1, 1889, p. 19,
pl. 11, fig. 14. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1go1, p. 254.
SHORT-EARED CALIFORNIA PocKET MOUSE.
Type locality. Reche Canon, three miles southeast of Colton,
San Bernardino County, California.
Geogr. Distr. Northern Lower California, Mexico, into southern
California.
Genl. Char. Large; tail crested, longer than head and body;
antitragal lobe higher than broad; soles naked.
Color. Above dark grizzled yellowish brown lined with black;
lateral line pale fulvous, covering upper surface of fore leg; beneath
white; tail above sooty brown, beneath white.
Measurements. Total length, 183-211; tail vertebre, 104-126;
hind foot, 24-25; ear,6. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 26; Hensel, 18;
greatest mastoid breadth, 14; length of interparietal, 3.8; greatest
width of interparietal, 7.8; interorbital constriction, 6.6; length of
nasals, Io.
a.—pallidus (Perognathus), Mearns, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xtv,
TgOr, Pp. E35:
Pattip Pocket Mouse.
Type locality. East slope of the Coast Range Mountains, on the
Mexican boundary line, San Diego County, California.
Geogr. Distr. Lower California, Mexico, north to Riverside
County, California.
Genl. Char. Similar to P. fallax, but paler.
Color. Above pale broccoli brown, slightly mixed with black;
under parts creamy white; lateral line pale pinkish buff; tail drab;
feet creamy white; ears sparsely covered with white hairs.
Measurements. ‘‘Average of six specimens: total length, 195
(188-206); tail vertebre, 107 (98-112); htnd foot, 24.2 (23.7—25);
ear from crown, 6.9 (6.5—7).’’ (Mearns, 1. c.)
373. anthonyi (Perognathus), Osgood, N. Am. Faun., No. 18, 1900, p. 56.
AntTHONY’s Pocket Mouse.
Type locality. South Bay, Cerros or Cedros Island, Lower Cali-
fornia, Mexico.
‘
; Fae
PEROGNATHUS, 367
Geogr. Distr. Known only from type locality.
Genl. Char. Similar to P. fallax, but smaller, and comparative
differences in skull.
Color. Upper parts grayish fawn, mixed with black; lateral line
faint, brownish fawn; white spots under eye; tail above dusky,
beneath whitish.
Measurements. Total length, 168; tail vertebre, 92; hind foot,
23.5. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 25.4; Hensel, 17.4; greatest mas-
toid breadth, 12.9; length of interparietal, 2.6; greatest width of
interparietal, 5.8; interorbital constriction, 6; length of nasals, 1o.2.
374. femoralis (Perognathus), Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.,
1891, p. 281. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 254.
GREAT CALIFORNIA Pocket Mouse.
Type locality. Dulzura, San Diego County, California.
Geogr. Distr. Northern Lower California, Mexico, and adjoining
portions of southern California.
Genl. Char. Tail much longer than head and body; size large.
Color. Above grayish yellowish brown, lined with black; lateral
line fulvous; fore legs, feet, and under parts white; tail above sooty
brown, including tip, beneath white.
Measurements. Total length, 198-241; tail vertebra, 112-133;
hind foot, 25-27. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 29.6; Hensel, 20.3;
greatest mastoid breadth, 14.3; length of interparietal, 4; greatest
width of interparietal, 8.1; length of nasals, 11.4; interorbital con-
striction, 7.1.
a.—mesopolius (Perognathus), Elliot, Pub. Field Columb. Mus., 111
1903, p. 168. Zodlogy.
Gray Pocket Mouse.
Type locality. Pifion, San Pedro Martir Mountains, Lower Cali-
fornia, Mexico; 5,000 feet elevation.
Genl. Char. Size large; ear large; hind foot and tail long; similar
in color to P. jemoralis, but grayer and without the bistre hue.
Skull with greater interorbital constriction and less mastoid breadth.
Color. Above mixed pale gray and light buff, lined sparingly
with black; sides grayer than upper parts; lateral line bright buff;
under parts, hands, and feet pure white; tail and pencil dusky
above, white beneath; ears light brown.
Measurements. Total length, 232; tail vertebra, 136; hind foot,
27; ear, 14. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 27; Hensel, 18; zygomatic
width, 13; mastoid breadth, 13; interorbital constriction, 6; palatal
length, ro; length of nasals, 10; posterior width of nasals 2; anterior
width of nasals, 3; greatest width of rostrum, 5.
’
368 HETEROMYS.,
The harsh pelage exhibited in Perognathus and Chatodipus of
the Pocket Mice, is in the members of Hrereromys carried farther,
even to the presence of small flattened spines in the fur. They are
animals of moderate size, with tails about equaling the head and
body in length, of various colorations, with a heavier skull, and
incisors smooth in front. Only one species is found north of the
Mexican boundary, but a number are natives of Mexico, Central
America, and the West Indies. They have a rather long, slender
body, and moderately short legs.
74. Heteromys. Spiny Pouched Rats.
l=; P=; M. 3 = 20,
I eas | }
Heteromys Desm., Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat. Mamm., 1817, p. 313.
Type Mus anomalus Thompson.
Dasynotus Wagl., Nat. Syst. Amphib., 1830, p. 21.
Saccomys F, Cuv., Mem. Mus. Hist. Nat., Paris, x, 1823, p. 419.
Xylomys Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xv, 1902, p. 43.
Liomys Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xv, 1902, p. 44.
Molars rooted; flattened spines mingled with the fur; skull almost
flat above, slightly arched in middle of superior outline; nasals
projecting beyond incisors; mastoids level with plane of occiput;
zygomata depressed, but not dipping to level of palate; occiput
Fia. 69. HETEROMYS GAUMERI.
No, S844 Field Columbian Mus, Coll, Nat, size,
Uprer TOOTH ROW, LOWER TOOTH ROW,
Enlarged & times Enlarged & times,
HETEROMYS, 369
horizontal, flat; tail long, exceeding body and head; soles hairy,
with five tubercles; pouches covered with hair; tail scaly, short hairs
from between the scales.
A. *Heteromys.
KEY TO THE SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OF THE SUBGENUS.
A. Pelage harsh; flattened spines present.
a. Soles hairy, 5-tuberculate. PAGE
a.’ Above mixed grayish yellow and black..../. irroratus 369
b.’ Above grizzled smoke gray and yellow...... H. bulleri 369
b. Soles hairy, 6-tuberculate.
a.’ Above grizzled black and yellowish........ H. salvinit 370
by, Above dark smoke brown.........5., H. s. nigrescens 370
G Above dark smoke ordi... .\.. ¢s gues) H. gaumeri 371
a Above blackighthrowii.. «........ndieses H, annectens 372
® Above reddismimrowi.......cayeeeo | H. hispidus 371
c. Soles naked, 6-tuberculate.
a, Above chestnutibrown..:....0.9.6- H, desmarestianus 372
Db. ‘Above blackishiarown:.... .cumetesle. . H. longicaudatus 372
c.’ Above mixed dusky, brown, and ochra-
SSIS. Memes akg AS pele kn Sem s Nigamve iowa of gle H. repens +372
CT OVOCUSY BEAV wait ncaks . MERWE Oo H. goldmani 373
e. Above prizzledwonth tulvous.....05..... H. g. lepturus 373
f.’ Above drab grizzled: with Dlack............ H. griseus 373
g.’ Above black, mixed with ochre yellow...H. adspersus 373
375. irroratus (Hceteromys), Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1868, p. 205.
LA Parapa Spiny Rat.
Type locality. La Parada, State of Oaxaca, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. State of Oaxaca, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Tail short, hairy; lateral line present.
Color. Upper parts grayish yellow, mixed with black; lips and
under parts, inner side of legs, and feet white; faint lateral line pale
fawn; tail beneath white.
Measurements. Head and body, 118; tail, imperfect ? 106;
hind foot and claws, 32.5. (ex mounted specimen in Brit. Mus. O.
Thomas in litt.)
376. bulleri (Heteromys), Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 6th Ser.,
Ki, Te04; 074930.
*The arrangement of the members of HerrEromys under its two subgenera
Heteromys and Liomys cannot be satisfactorily accomplished, as the teeth of
the adults in various instanees have no distinguishing characters; hence the
present separation of the species and races in the keys given may be regarded
only as tentative.
370 HETEROMYS,
BuLLER'S SPINY Rat.
Type locality. La Laguna, Sierra de Juanacatlan, State of
Jalisco, Mexico. Altitude, 7,000 feet.
Geogr. Distr. High elevations, State of Jalisco, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Size between H. allent and H. trroratus; skull stout.
Color. Above grizzled smoky gray and yellow; lateral line yel-
lowish; under parts pure white; hands and feet white; arms white to
elbow; hind leg dark gray on outer side, white on inner; tail brown
above, white beneath; ears without white edges.
Measurements. Total length, 234; tail, 120; hind foot, 28.5; ear
from notch, 1t5. Skull: basal length, 29.5; greatest length, 34.5;
greatest breadth, 16.8; length of nasals, 13.5; interorbital constric-
tion, 8.5; length of interparietal, 4; breadth of interparietal, 6.4;
palatal length, 21; length of upper molar series, 5.3.
377. salvini (Heteromys), Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 6th Ser.,
XI, 1893, Pp. 331.
longicaudatus, Alst., Biol. Cent. Am., Mamm., 1, 1880, p. 167,
pl. xvi, fig. 2. (nec Gray.)
SALVIN’s Spiny Rat.
Type locahty. Duenas, Gautemala.
Genl. Char. Size equal to that of H. bullert; feet shorter; fur
spiny.
Color. General hue grizzled black and yellowish above; under
parts pure white; outer sides of forearm slaty gray; tail brown above,
whitish below,
Measurements. Total length, about 210; tail, 95; hind foot, 26.5.
Skull: basal length, 28; greatest length, 33.6; greatest breadth, 15.2;
length of nasals, 13.1; interorbital constriction, 7.6; length of inter-
parietal, 4.5; breadth of interparietal, 10.2; palatal length, 19.2;
length of upper molar series, 4.4.
a.—nigrescens (Heteromys), Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 6th
Ser., XII, 1893, p. 234.
BLACK Spiny Rar.
Type locality. Costa Rica.
Genl. Char. Similar to H. salvint, but dorsal region uniform in
color.
Color, Above dark uniform smoky brown; a few yellow-tipped
hairs on sides; lateral line absent; limbs dark gray; under parts white;
tail above brown, beneath white.
Measurements, “Length of head and body, 127; tail incomplete;
hind foot without claws, 25. ‘Skull: greatest length, 32.7; greatest
breadth, 15.4; length of nasals, 3.8; interorbital constriction, 6.8;
HETEROMYS, 371
breadth of interparietal, 8; length of interparietal, 4.1; length of
upper molar series, 4.7.”
378. gaumeri (//etcromys), Allen & Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat.
Hijev,, 1897, Dp. On
GAUMER’S SPINY Rat.
Type locality. Chichen Itza, Yucatan, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Yucatan, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Size large; premaxille and nasals terminating equally.
Color. Above dark smoke gray; sides lighter, fulvous; lateral
line and outer surface of fore legs orange ochraceous; outer surface
of hind legs like back; under parts and inner surface of limbs white;
ears dusky with white edges; tail crested and tufted, dusky above,
grayish white below; middle of dorsal surface covered with spines
which are whitish at base, black apically, and mixed in with orange
ochraceous hairs.
Measurements. Total length, 292; tail vertebre, 162; hind foot,
and claw, 32; ear from notch, 14.5. Skull: basal length, 31; greatest
length, 37; greatest breadth, 16; interorbital breadth, 10.5; length
of nasals, 16; length of interparietal, 11; palatal length, 20; upper
tooth row, 5.
379. annectens (Heteromys), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xv,
TOG2. 1p. 43.
ALLIED SPINY Rar.
Type locality. Pluma, State of Oaxaca, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Size medium; tail long; skull similar to that of
H. gaumert, but ‘‘smaller, narrower interorbitally, with more
abruptly spreading zygomata and smaller interparietal.’’ Hind foot
6-tuberculate.
Color. Upper parts blackish brown; lateral line fulvous; under
parts, hands, and feet white, the latter sometimes ‘‘clouded’’; tail
above dusky, beneath whitish, except tip, which is all dark.
Measurements. Total length, 300; tail vertebrz, 165; hind foot, 33.
380. hispidus (Heteromys), Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1897,
De 50k
Hispip Spiny Rar.
Type locality. Compostella, Territorio de Tepic, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Territorio de Tepic, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Pelage soft; soles 6-tuberculate, hairy.
Color. Upper parts reddish brown, mixed with black-tipped
bristles; under parts and feet white; lateral line reddish fulvous;
tail above pale brown, beneath lighter.
372 HETEROMYS.
Measurements. Total length, 220-230; tail vertebra, 115-123;
hind foot, 27-28; ear, 13.5. Skull: total length, 30; basal length, 24;
greatest mastoid breadth, 13.5; interorbital constriction, 7; length
of nasals, 12; palatal length, re.
381. desmarestianus (Heteromys), Gray, Proc. Zodl. Soc., 1868,
p. 204. Alston, Biol. Centr. Amer., Mamm., I, 1880, p. 167,
pl. 27, Tous
CoBan Spiny Rat.
Type locality. Coban, Guatemala.
Geogr. Distr. Guatemala.
Genl. Char. Ears moderate; teeth small,
keeled, narrow in front.”’
Color. ‘‘Chestnut brown; tip of nape, lips, chin, and under side
of the body, hands, and feet and under side of tail white; spines of
back white with chestnut tips.’”’ (Gray, 1. c.)
Measurements. Total length, 247.5; tail, 118.5.
‘upper flat, lower
382. longicaudatus (Heteromys), Gray, Proc. Zodl. Soc., 1868,
Pp. 204.
LONG-TAILED Spiny Rat. Tultusia in Guatemala, also applied to
Heterogeomys torridus.
Type locality. Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. State of Oaxaca, Mexico; range unknown.
Genl. Char. Tail long; no lateral line; soles 6-tuberculate.
Color. Above blackish brown, in some specimens with rufous
intermixed; sides dark drab brown, uniform, or mixed with rufous;
limbs uniform in color with sides; under parts, hands, and feet white;
tail above blackish brown, beneath yellowish.
Measurements. Total length, 247.15; tail, 118.75.
383. repens (Helcromys), Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodél., xxxr1x,
1902p. 45.
BoQueETE SPINY Rat.
Type locality. Boquete, Chiriqui, Panama. Altitude, 4,000 feet.
Genl, Char, Size large; feet large; soles 6-tuberculate.
Color. Top of nose and face grayish dusky; upper parts of body
mixed dusky, brown, and tawny ochraceous; no lateral line; upper
lip, under parts, and inner sides of arms and legs white; upper sur-
face of arms gray; outer surface of legs dusky; tail above dusky,
beneath white, pencil whitish; ears dusky, bordered with whitish.
Measurements. Total length, 282-300; tail vertebra, 145-155;
hind foot, 32-33; ear, 14-15. Skull: type; basal length, 31.4;
occipito-nasal length, 35.4; zygomatic width, 16.4; mastoid width,
HETEROMYS. 373
14.8; interorbital width, 9.2; length of nasals, 14.8; width of nasals,
4.2; upper molar series, 4.8; length of single half mandible, 17.2;
(Bangs, l. c.)
384. goldmani (//eteromys), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xv, 1902,
DP. -At.
GOLDMAN’S SPINY Rat.
Type locality. Chicharras, State of Chiapas, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Size large; tail longer than head and body, naked;
sole of hind foot with 6 pads.
Color. Above dusky gray, head and back darkest; upper lip,
inner side of limbs, hands, and feet and under parts white; tail dusky
above, paler below, tip whitish; ears without white edges.
Measurements. Total length, 347; tail vertebre, 199; hind
foot, 40.
a.—lepturus (Heteromys), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xv, 1902,
D.-42.
SHORT-TAILED SPINY Rat.
Type locality. Mountains near Santo Domingo, State of Oaxaca,
Mexico.
Genl. Char. Similar to H. goldmant, but smaller and not so black.
Color. ‘‘Head and back grizzled with fulvous; nose and ankles
dusky by contrast; hind feet and tail decidedly shorter; rostrum
broader, broadening gradually to zygomata with much less of the
usual notch.”’
Measurements. ‘Total length, 340; tail vertebra, 191; hind foot,
ag. (Merr, bag
385. griseus (Heteromys), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xv, 1902,
Pp. 42. °
Gray Spiny Rat.
Type locality. Mountains near Tonala, State of Chiapas, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Size large; hind foot 6-tuberculate.
Color. Above drab, grizzled with black; upper lip, hands, feet,
and under parts white; tail above dusky, beneath whitish, tip dark
all around; faint buff lateral line on head and body; ears without
white edging.
Measurements. Total length, 325; tail vertebra, 186; hind
foot, 38. ,
386. adspersus (Heteromys), Peters, Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad.
Wiss. Berl., 1874, p. 357.
SPOTTED SPINY Rar.
Type locality. Panama.
374 HETEROMYS.,
Genl. Char. Soles 6-tuberculate; tail half as long as head and
body.
Color. Head dark gray; upper parts black, mixed with ochre
, yellow, base of all the hairs white; flat grooved spines, with black
tips; the stiff hairs with a black ring and reddish yellow tip, these
last distributed sparingly over the head and rump; tip of nose, lips,
inner sides of arms and legs and under parts of body white; tail
above black, beneath white; ears naked on outer side, black on inner.
Measurements. Total length, 240; tail, 95; hind foot and claw, 30.
B. Liomys.
I. P.—; M23 = 20.
I— I—I 3-3
Pelage harsh; tail well haired; molars with two parallel trans-
verse loops, without “‘ additional lobes or permanent enamel islands,”’
uniting in old animals and forming a horseshoe as in Heteromys.
Fig. 70. HETEROMYS (LIOMYS) ALBOLIMBATUS.
No. 8673 Field Columbian Mus. Coll. Nat. size.
LOWER TOOTH ROW. UPPER TOOTH ROW.
Enlarged 6 times. Enlarged 6 times.
KEY TO THE SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OF THE SUBGENUS.
A. Soles 5-tuberculate. PAGE
a. Above mixed black and yellowish black. .H. albolimbatus 375
b. Above mixed gray and pale fulvous........... H. canus 375
c. Above blackish-and buff ¥gegee. .. 2. eee Oo H. allent 376
d. Above grizzled gray.
a.’ Dark ‘‘saddle’’ on middle of back......... H. torridus 376
b.’ No. “saddle%,on @iddle of Bback.......... H.t. minor 377
e. Above mixed buff and brownish black........ H. exiguus 377
Above grizzled fulvous and black...... H. plantinarensis 377
HETEROMYS, 375
g. Above mixed grizzled rufous and orange. PAGE
GSO, Re Gece. Ua H. pictus 377
ee nS sc. a HI. p. rostratus 378
h. ABOMweepale grigmipammutous..)...5....)... H. p..1sthmius 378
B. Soles 6-tuberculate.
a. Above grizzled brownish fulvous............ H. parviceps 378
b. Above mixed grayish drab and fulvous...... H. sonorana 379
C.wameve mixed blaeieand fulvous......7ee.. Hl. verecrucis 379
d. Above mixed black fulvous and whitish..... H. obscurus 379
e. Above drab brown, mixed with black and
MeweatULVOUS geminata... ok ea H. pheura 379
feeapove dark browgeand) dulvous.......4,.5.5 H. orbitalis 380
g. Above gray, sprinkled with white............ H. crispus 380
leeepove darker ofay in @olot.).... 1...) un. . H.c¢. setosus 380
i. Above dark drab brown, grizzled with black
Bian ferrugingous sme eras. . . Ree weyers». FH. heterothrix 380
j. Above blackish brown, reddish or gray...... H. paralius 381
387. albolimbatus (Heteromys), Gray, Proc. Zoél. Soc., 1868, p. 205.
Gray’s Spiny Mouse.
Type locality. La Parada, State of Oaxaca, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. State of Oaxaca, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Edges of ears and tip of tail white; tail long as body
Color. Above mixed gray, black, and yellow; lateral line buff
saddle conspicuous; rump gray; under parts and feet white; tai
above blackish brown, beneath white.
Measurements. Total length, 207-226; tail vertebre, 108-113;
hind foot, 25-28. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 29.5; Hensel, 20;
zygomatic width, 14; interorbital constriction, 7.5; length of nasals,
10.5; length of upper molar series, 5; length of mandibles, 13; length
of lower tooth row, 5.
388. canus (Liomys), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xv, 1902, p. 44.
Hoary Spiny Mouse.
Type locality. Parral, State of Chihuahua, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Size large; hind foot 5-tuberculate. Skull similar to
that of H. alleni, but larger and heavier and with broader inter-
orbital space.
Color. Above gray, mixed with pale fulvous, white, and dark
gray, lateral line indistinct; under parts, hands, and feet white; tail
blackish above, white beneath, tip all dark.
Measurements. Total length, 276; tail vertebre, 138; hind
foot, 34.
376 HETEROMYS,
‘
1
a
ae)
Fig. L. HETEROMYS ALLENI. ALLEN'S SPINY MOUSE.
389. alleni (//eteromys), Coues, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodél., vir, 1881,
p. 187.
ALLEN’s Spiny Mouse.
Type locality, Hacienda Angostura, Rio Verde, State of San
Luis Potosi, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. State of San Luis Potosi, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Soles hairy, 5-tuberculate; tail long; pelage coarse,
with flattened spines intermixed in the hairs; incisors yellow.
Color. Above blackish, the hairs having buff bases and tips
black, the lighter color showing amid the darker one; narrow lateral
line from nose to thighs bright buff; under parts white; upper part
of arms and thighs like back; hands and feet white; ears like back,
edged with white; lips white; tail bicolor, above black, beneath white.
Measurements. Total length, 238-260; tail, 115-136; hind foot,
28-30.
390. torridus (Liomys), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xv, 1902,
Pp. 45.
Torrip Spiny Mouse,
Type locality. Cuicatlan, State of Oaxaca, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Size small; arms whitish, hind foot 5-tuberculate.
Color. Above gray, grizzled with black, forming saddle on the
back; lateral line indistinct; arms, hands, feet, and under parts
whitish; tail above dark, beneath whitish, tip all dark.
HETEROMYS, B77
Measurements. Total length, 222; tail vertebrae, 125; hind
foot, 27.
a.—minor (Liomys), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xv, 1902, p. 45.
SMALLEST SPINY MOousE,
Type locality, Wuajuapam, State of Oaxaca, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Like H. torridus, but smaller.
Color. Above grizzled gray, no saddle on back, remainder similar
to L. torridus.
Measurements. Total length, 222; tail vertebre, 125; hind
foot, 27.
391. exiguus (//eleromys), Elliot, Pub. Field Columb. Mus., 111,
1903, p. 146. Zodlogy.
LitTLE Spiny Mouse.
Type locality. Puenta de Ixtla, State of Morelos, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Size small; above buff and dark brown, and with a
‘“saddle”’ on back.
Color. Above mixed buff brownish black and dark gray, forming
a dark ‘‘saddle”’ on middle of back; sides of head, neck, and body,
rump, and thighs light gray; lips, under parts, and hands white;
arms, legs, and feet yellowish white; tail above blackish brown,
beneath white; no lateral line separating the gray of sides from the
white under parts.
Measurements. Total length, 185; tail vertebre, 106; hind
foot, 24. (Type.)
392. plantinarensis (Liomys), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xv,
1902, p. 46.
PLANTINAR SPINY MOUSE.
Type locality. Plantinar, State of Jalisco, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Size small; ears small; tail but slightly haired;
rostrum and nasals curved, the latter notched posteriorly; hind foot
5-tuberculate.
Color. Above grizzled fulvous and black; lateral line fulvous,
broad; under parts yellowish white; hands and feet white; tail drab
above, beneath whitish; ear edged with whitish.
Measurements. Total length, 202; tail vertebre, 102; hind
foot, 26.
393. pictus (Heleromys), Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 6th Ser.,
KI, 1893, pe 233.
PAINTED Spiny Mouse.
Type locality. Mineral San Sebastian, State of Jalisco, Mexico.
Altitude, 4,300 feet.
™ aa io Ps iia i cl
Nae o
378 HETEROMYS,
Geogr. Distr. State of Jalisco, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Size and dimensions of skull similar to those of
H, salvinit from Guatemala,
Color. Above mixed grizzled rufous and orange; sides bright
rufous; lateral line orange rufous; fore limbs white; hind limbs dusky
on outer sides, white on inner; under parts white; tail blackish above,
white beneath; ear black, edges white.
Measurements. Total length, 217; tail, 113; hind foot, 24.8; ear
from notch, 12.
a.—rostratus (Liomys), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Xv, 1902, p. 46.
LONG-NOSED Spiny Mouse.
Type locality. Ometepec, State of Guerrero, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Similar to H, pictus, but somewhat larger; pelage
coarser. Skull heavy; nasals long, truncate, or notched posteriorly.
Color. Like that of H. pictus, but not so red.
Measurements. Total length, 252; tail vertebra, 133; hind
foot, 29.
b.—isthmius (Liomys), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xv, 1902,
p. 46.
IsTHMIAN Spiny Mouse.
Type locality. Tehuantepec, State of Oaxaca, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Similar to H, pictus, but differing in color.
Color. Similar to H. pictus, but with the upper parts very much
paler and less red, and lateral line faint or absent; cheeks pale grayish
brown.
Measurements. Total length, 245; tail vertebrae, 130; hind
foot, 30.
*393a. parviceps (Liomys) Goldman, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xvu,
rgo04, p. 82. ‘
URUAPAN Spiny Mouse.
Type locality. Uruapan, State of Michoacan, Mexico.
Genl, Char. Size very small, hind feet short, 6-tuberculate.
Color. Upper parts grizzled brownish fulvous; under parts white;
faint fulvous lateral line; tail above brownish, beneath whitish;
hands and feet white; ears with white edges.
Measurements, Total length, 202; tail vertebrae, 110; hind foot,
24. Skull: greatest length, 28.3; Hensel, 20; zygomatic width, 13;
interorbital constriction, 6.7; length of nasals, 11.5; interparietal,
3.28.3; length of upper molar series, alveolar border, 4.2.
*Description published too late to be included in the regular order of
numerals,
HETEROMYS. 379
394. sonorana (/iomys), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xv, 1902,
Pp: 47-
SONORA Spiny Mouse.
Type locality. Alamos, State of Sonora, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Size medium; skull with long and slender rostrum,
the sides parallel; nasals long, emarginate posteriorly; hind foot
6-tuberculate.
Color. Above grayish drab, grizzled with fulvous and dark hairs;
lateral line fulvous; under parts, hands, and feet white; brown band
across nose; tail above dusky; beneath whitish, grading into dusky
on terminal third; ears edged with white.
Measurements. Total length, 262; tail vertebrae, 142; hind foot,
32ne
395. verzcrucis (Liomys), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xv, 1902,
Pp. 47.
VERA Cruz Spiny Mouse.
Type locality. San Andreas Tuxtla, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Size medium; skull small; upper surface of anterior
root of zygomata strongly depressed and rounded; nasals notched
posteriorly ; interparietal sub-triangular; hind foot 6-tuberculate.
Color. Above dark brown, mixed with black and fulvous; lateral
line faint on sides of body; under parts white; tail dusky above,
whitish beneath; ankles dusky.
Measurements. Total length, 220; tail vertebre, 108; hind
root, 25.
396. obscurus (Liomys), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xv, 1902,
p. 48.
Dusky Spiny Mouse.
Type locality. Carrizal, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Size rather large; skull heavy, and with high brain-
case; hind foot 6-tuberculate.
Color. Above blackish, grizzled with fulvous and whitish, and
becoming grayish on the sides.
Measurements. Total length, 230; tail vertebra, 124; hind
foot, 31.
397. phzeura (Liomys), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xv, 1902, p. 48.
DARK-TAILED Spiny Mouse.
Type locality. Pinotepa, State of Oaxaca, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Size small; ears large; hind foot 6-tuberculate; tail
short, unicolor except basal third beneath. Skull broad, short, and
flat; rostrum and nasals short, slender.
— a ae
380 HETEROMYS.
Color. Above drab brown, mixed with black and pale fulvous;
lateral line fulvous; tail all dusky except basal third beneath which
is paler.
Measurements. Total length, 204; tail vertebre, 95 (broken);
hind foot, 29.
398. orbitalis (Liomys), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xv, 1902,
p. 48.
CaTEMACO SPINY Mouse.
Type locality. Catemaco, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Size medium; skull broad, heavy; nasals suddenly
expanding on anterior half; zygomata widely and squarely spread;
rostrum short, sides parallel; superciliary beads developed, reaching
to middle of parietals; hind foot 6-tuberculate.
Color. Above dark brown, slightly grizzled with fulvous,
blackish on middle of back; lateral line indistinct; hands, feet, and
under parts white; tail above dusky, beneath whitish, tip all dark.
Measuremenis. Total length, 225; tail vertebre, 109; hind
foot, 29.
399. crispus (Liomys), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xv, 1902,
p- 49.
CurLy Spiny Mouwse.
Type locality. Tonala, State of Chiapas, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Size small; tail shorter than head and body, scantily
haired; hind foot 6-tuberculate.
Color. Above gray, sprinkled with white, darkest on dorsal
region, the hairs with tips recurved; hands, feet, and under parts
whitish; no lateral line; ears without white edges; tail dusky, paler
beneath.
Measurements. Total length, 210; tail vertebre, 99 (broken);
hind foot, 27.5.
a.—setosus (Liomys), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xv, 1902, p. 49.
HuEHUETAN SPINy Mouse.
Type locality. Huehuetan, State of Chiapas, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Similar to H. crispus, but with coarser pelage; tail
longer; skull larger, and with its characters correspondingly inten-
sified; nasals more cuneate, truncate posteriorly.
Color. Like H. crispus, but darker and with fewer recurved hairs.
Measurements. Total length, 225; tail vertebre, r1o; hind
foot, 209.
400. heterothrix (Liomys), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xv, 1902,
P. 50.
HETEROMYS. B81
Honpuras Spiny Mouse.
Type locality. San Pedro Sula, Honduras.
Genl. Char. Size medium; tail nearly naked; skull similar to that
of H. c. setosus, but larger and heavier; roots of zygomata broad;
hind foot 6-tuberculate.
Color. Above dark drab brown, grizzled with ferrugineous and
black; hands, feet, and under parts yellowish white; tail dark above,
paler below.
Measurements. Total length, 255; tail vertebre, 126; hind
foot, 31.
401. paralius (Heteromys), Elliot, Pub. Field Columb. Mus., 111,
1903, p. 233. Zodlogy.
LitToRAL Spiny MOUvsE.
Type locality. San Carlos, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Similar to H. texensis; size large; tail long, usually
with a white tip; grayish patch behind ears; ears large; skull with a
greater occipito-nasal length and wider zygomatic arch; soles
6-tuberculate.
Color. Top of head and back behind shoulders blackish brown
mixed with reddish, the base of hairs grayish; back of ears and sides
of head and body grayish, with blackish brown hairs intermingled;
lateral stripe bright buff, extending from nose to thighs; nose and
upper lip, hands, and feet white; under parts yellowish white; a
patch of orange buff on each side of root of tail; tail above black,
beneath whitish, with an all-around white tip.
Measurements. Total length, 255; tail vertebrae, 136; hind foot,
29. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 33; Hensel, 23; interorbital con-
striction, 8; zygomatic width, 15; length of nasals, 12; palatal length,
13; length of upper molar series, 4; length of mandible, 13; length of
lower molar series, 4.
C. Xylomys.
Sty aT. a
I; lee M.S= 20.
Xylomys Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xv, 1902, p. 43. Type
Heteromys nelsoni Merriam.
Pelage without bristles. Skull has small superorbital beads and a
high and rounded braincase; frontals elongate; maxillary root of
zygomata large, rectangular; no tubercle over root of lower incisor;
lower jaw broad, the angle everted slightly; last upper molar with
two transverse loops and a posterior loop; posterior prism double.
402. nelsoni. (Heteromys), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xv, 1902,
P. 43.
382 HETEROMYS. OCTODONTID&. LONCHERINZ,
NELSON’s Spiny Mouse.
Type locality. Pinabete, State of Chiapas, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Size very large; ears large. Skull long, slender
superorbital beads faint.
Color. Above mouse gray, darkest on top of head; upper lip,
hands, feet, under parts, inner side of fore legs and streak on hind
leg white; hind feet clouded above; ears without white edges.
Measurements. Total length, 356; tail vertebre, 195; hind
foot, 43.5.
Fam. VI. Octodontidze. The Octodonts.
This Family has been divided into several subfamilies, only two
of which, the CApRoMyIN® and LONCHERIN4, are necessary to be
mentioned as coming within the scope of this work. Save one
species, the Coypu (Myocastor coypu), yielding the ‘‘Nutria fur’’ of
commerce, the members of this family are not generally known
except to naturalists, and among them, in the New World and on
certain of its islands, are found the curious Tree Rats of the genus
Capromys, from which the name of the first of the above-mentioned
subfamilies is derived; the allied PLAGIopONTIA and various species
of Spiny Rats of different genera compose the other subfamily
LoNCHERIN&%. Their trivial names are Hedge-hog or Spiny Rats,
as many have variously shaped spines mingled with the fur. Some
are of considerable size, and all have a more or less harsh fur, in some
instances even bristly. The various species are arboreal, terrestial,
or aquatic in habits, the Coypu having webbed hind feet and a cylin-
drical, tapering otter-like tail. The technical characters by which
these subfamilies are separated exist chiefly in the skull and teeth.
Subfam. I. Loncherine.
In the succeeding genera the fur is usually mixed with flattened
lancet-shaped spines, contracted at the base, and acutely pointed.
Sometimes they are ridged, and never project beyond the hair.
Some species are prettily marked in brown and white, but many
have sombre hues only. Certain members of this subfamily are
destitute of spines, and so the trivial names for these animals would
be inappropriate for them, but it will answer well enough for the
majority of the species found within the limits of this work.
LONCHERES. 383
75. Loneheres.
l=; P.—; M== = vo.
it | =I aa |
Loncheres Illig., Prodr. Syst. Mamm. Av., 1811, p. 90. Type
S*)
Myoxus chrysurus Zimm.=Echinomys cristatus Desmarest.
Lonchetes Billberg, Syn. Faun. Scandinav., 1, 1828, Mamm., Con-
spectus A.
Palate long, narrow, V-shaped posteriorly; nasals long, broad
anteriorly, decreasing in width to posterior end, which is truncate
and on a line with the premaxille; rostrum deep; interorbital con-
striction moderate; braincase broad anteriorly, narrowing slightly
towards occipital region; zygomata parallel with axis of skull, nearly
straight, the jugal composing most of the arch; bulle large, swollen
slightly, oblique; interpterygoid fossa broad, widest posteriorly;
hamular processes of pterygoids long, abutting the bulla; upper
ONO YO ODaLS
Fic. 71. LONCHERES LABILIS.
Mus. Comp. Zodl. Coll. Nat. size.
UPPER TOOTH ROW, LOWER TOOTH ROW.
Enlarged 3 times. Enlarged 3 times.
384 LONCHERES.
molars with one internal and three external loops; lower molars with
one external and two internal loops; mandible broad with conspicuous
bead on inferior outline, the angle prolonged into a lengthened
delicate spur; condyle broad, rounded at extremity; coronoid process
short, pointed; symphyseal portion narrow, lower outline V-shaped.
403. labilis (Loncheres), Bangs, Amer. Nat., XXxv, 1901, p. 638.
Guipinc Spiny Rat.
Type locality. San Miguel Island, Bay of Panama.
Genl. Char. Pelage long, stiff; spines wanting.
Se AR
Fic. LI. LONCHERES LABILIS. GLIDING SPINY RAT.
Color. Top of head, nose, and cheeks mixed black and yellowish;
patch of yellowish white at base of whiskers, also one above eye and
behind ear; rest of upper parts bright ferrugineous, varied with black
in certain specimens; chin grayish white; under parts buff or ferru-
gineous—in some individuals these colors show in patches; upper
surface of hands and feet yellowish brown; nails white; tail at base
like body, then black, tipped sometimes with yellowish white; ears
blackish, nearly naked.
Measurements. Total length, 420-540; tail vertebre, 175-240;
hind foot, 42-48; ear from notch, 14-16. Skull: basal length, 47.8;
occipito-nasal length, 56.6; zygomatic width, 27.4; mastoid width,
22.4; interorbital constriction, 12; length of nasals, 16; width of
nasals, 7.2; palatal leggth, to palatal notch, 21.2; to end of pterygoid,
30.4; upper tooth row, 13; length of single half mandible, 34; lower
tooth row, I 3-2.
The next is a comparatively large genus of moderate sized Spiny
Rats. One curious characteristic of these animals is the tendency to
lose their tails, the separation taking place at the fifth caudal ver-
PROECHINOMYS. 385
tebre at the posterior border of the pelvis. The fifth caudal is
abnormal, the posterior half having apparently been lost by absorp-
tion. This interesting fact was ascertained by Mr. F. M. Chapman,*
who also states that on skinning specimens the tail easily broke
away at the fifth caudal vertebre. So frequently does the loss of
the tail occur, that in Trinidad the natives believe there are two
species, those with tails, and the tailless.
76. +Proechinomys. Spiny Rats.
I—; P.—;M
Sima
ail ite Tee “St
= 20.
Proechimys (sic) Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1899, p. 264.
Type Echimys! trinitatis Allen & Chapman.
Echimys (sic) Geoff. St. Hil., Ann. Scien. Nat., 2me Sér., x, 1838,
pP- 125. (mec Ge Cuvier, 1809:) Jd. Mag. Zodl., 2me Sér.,
1840, p. 30.
Nasals very long, rounded anteriorly, narrowing posteriorly, and
longer than premaxille; orbital constriction slight, greatest width of
skull at fronto-parietal suture; bulle large, converging to a point
anteriorly; interpterygoid fossa broad, widest anteriorly; processes
of the pterygoids long and broad, shaped somewhat like the head of
a spear, pointed, the exterior half twisted outward and lying parallel
with axis of skull; palate short, wide, posterior margin with V-shaped
notch; incisive foramina broad, rather short; root of upper incisor
curving backward to anterior base of zygoma; molar pattern rather
simple, upper premolars with two external and two internal loops,
the molars with two internal; lower molars with two external loops.
Lower part of mandible broadly flattened and rounded outward,
narrowing anteriorly to angle, which terminates in a short pointed
process; condyle very broad, slightly rounded; coronoid process
short, and pointed backward.
KEY TO SPECIES AND ISUBSPECIES
PAGE
Eeiands sand festeashy brown). . .\. 2 oghaks.... P. semispinosus 386
Dewands and feetidull whitish...:...30.... . Ue .P. centralis 386
C. Hands and feet brown.
Bee DOVE Gar MOUS.) !)0...... 2. sae cues P.c. chriquinus 387
Dee OVe Palerwwe. «Jens... P.c. panamensis 387
c. Above deep ferrugineous and brownish black...P. burrus 388
* Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1893, p. 226.
Teyevoo, wOo=Ecuinomys nec Echimys=PROECHINOMYS.
iso
PROECHINOMYS
404. semispinosus (/cc/imys!), Tomes, Proc, Zodl. Soc., 1860, p, 265
SHORT-SPINED RAT
ype locality Keuador
Geogr, Dist Nicaragua south to Ecuador
Genl, Ghar, Sige large; ears small; tail half as long as head and
body; long and strong claws on hands and feet; spines short, flexible,
confined to middle of back
Cele Above mixed reddish brown and black: cheeks, sides of
neck, and body paler; orbital ring black; under parts white; tail
above black, beneath ashy brown: hands and feet ashy
Weasurements Total length,
brown
370-400; tail vertebra, 140-160;
hind foot, 47-55; ear, r8-rg, Skull: total length, 57; zygomatic
breadth, 29; upper tooth row, 16; length of nasals, 21
FiG. 72, PROECHINOMYS CENTRAL
NX sas2 U.S. Nat. Mus, ( N
#05. centralis hereomeyvs), Thomas, Ann. Ma
XVIII SOO, p
PROECHINOMYS, BBT
NICARAGUAN SPINy Rat,
Type locality, San Emilio, north end of Lake Nicaragua, Nicaragua.
Geogr, Distr. Costa Rica, Nicaragua.
Genl, Char, Similar to P. semispinosus, but brighter colored;
nasals pointed posteriorly; zygomata broad; pterygoid processes
broad, spatulate.
Color. Similar to P, semispinosus, ‘but brighter and richer, less
heavily black-lined on the back, and with the spineless fur of the
sides and rump much brighter rufous; hands and feet dull whitish
above, the darker mark which runs along the outer side of the meta-
tarsal in some species little marked,’’ (Thomas, 1. ¢.)
Measurements, Total length, 437; tail, 170; hind foot, 55
(dried skin). Skull: basal length, 47.5; basilar length, 41; greatest
breadth, 26.5; length of nasals, 21.3; width of nasals, 6; interorbital
constriction, 12.5; breadth of interparietal, 12.5; Hensel, 20; length
of palatine foramina, 5; width, 2.5; length of upper molar series, 9.2;
length of mandible, condyle to the incisor, 34.
a.—chiriquinus (Proechimys!), Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 7th
Ser., V, 1900, p. 220.
BoGAva Spiny Rat,
Type locahty, Bogava, Chiriqui, Panama. Altitude, 800 feet,
Geogr, Distr, Panama, Central America.
Genl, Char, Similar to P, centralis, but darker. Skull: muzzle
broad, heavy; nasals short, broad; supraorbital ridges broad,
Color, Above dark rufous; sides of face grayish brown; feet
brown.
Measurements, otal length, 450; tail, 150; hind foot, 55; ear,
14. Skull: greatest breadth, 31; length of nasals, 23.5; width of
nasals, 7.5; interorbital constriction, 15.8; greatest breadth on ridges,
25; palatal length from henselion, 23; length of upper molar series,
9.2; length of palatal foramina, 6.5; width of palatal foramina, 3.7.
b.—panamensis (Proechimys!), Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.,
“th Ser., V, 1900, p, 220.
PANAMA Spiny Rar.
Type locality. ‘Savanna near City of Panama,’’ Panama.
Geogr, Distr. Panama, Central America.
Genl, Char, Similar to P. centralis; head and shoulders grayish
brown,
Color. Above rufous; head and limbs grayish brown; cheek and
sides of neck paler; hind feet brown, remainder like P. centralts.
Measurements, Total length, 475; tail, 178; hind foot, 54; ear,
260, Skull: basilar length, 43; greatest breadth, 29; length of nasals,
388 PROECHINOMYS, CAPROMYINA,
24; interorbital constriction, 13.2; greatest breadth on ridges, 23.6;
length of upper molar series, 8.9.
406. burrus (Proechimys!), Bangs, Am. Nat., XXXV, 1901, Pp. 640.
San Micuet Spiny Rat.
Type locality, San Miguel Island, Bay of Panama.
Genl. Char. Similar to P. ¢. panamensts, but larger and more
red; nasals long, broad, and truncate posteriorly.
Coler. Upper parts deep ferrugineous, varied with brownish
black; top of nose, cheeks, and lower sides more yellowish; anal
regions like back; rest of under parts pure white; tail above black,
beneath grayish; hands and feet dusky brown; ears dusky, nearly
naked.
Measurements. Total length, 410-490; tail vertebra, 140-205;
hind foot, 50-60; ear from notch, 20-22. Skull: basal length, 52;
occipito-nasal length, 61.2; zygomatic width, 29; mastoid width,
22.2; interorbital constriction, 13.4; length of nasals, 24.2; width of
nasals, 7.6; length of palate to palatal notch, 21; end of pterygoid,
34; length of palatal foramina, 5.2; width of palatal foramina, 3;
upper tooth row, 9.8; length of single half of mandible, 33.8; lower
tooth row, 10.2.
The subfamily CAPROMYIN& comprises large arboreal rats, which
are found only in some of the West India islands, the Bahamas, and
certain of the islands in the Gulf of Mexico. They have compara-
tively short tails; in some species this member is very short, and
one has a prehensile tail. All these are naked and scaly, only a
few scattering hairs being observable. The food of these animals
consists of leaves, twigs, and bark; and in one island at least, the
most eastern of the Plana Keys, Mr. Ingraham observed the species
that bears his name, associating together in considerable numbers.
Not much is known of the habits of these singular creatures, but
as their size makes them rather conspicuous and they are prac-
tically defenseless, while their flesh is said to be palatable, it is
probable they will, ere long, become extinct in the limited localities
in which they are now found. Indeed, the species inhabiting Jamaica
is stated to be practically extinct already. When on the ground
they greatly resemble the muskrat in their shape and movements.
‘Subfam. Il. Capromyine.
F. M. Chapman, A Reviston of the genus Capromys. Bull. Am,
Mus. Nat. Hist., rgor, p. 313.
CAPROMYS, 889
¢. Capromys.
l=; P=; M2 =20,
1 1 1 ) 5
Capromys Desmarest, Mém. Soc. d’Hist. Nat., 1, 1822, p. 43. Type
Capromys fourntert Desmarest [sodon pilorides Say.
Geocapromys Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., rgo1, p. 314.
Procapromys Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., rgor, p. 322.
Incisors moderate; upper molars with one internal and two
external enamel folds; ear rather small; tail long; form slender;
habits arboreal.
Fia. 73. CAPROMYS PILORIDES.
No, 1140 Field Columbian Mus, Coll, % nat. size.
REY TO>}THE. SPECIES ANDESUBSPECIES:
A. Tail long.
a. Above reddish chestnut and black, to reddish PAGE
brown and black; beneath yellowish white. C. pilorides 390
390 CAPROMYS.,
PAGE
b. Above yellowish brown, beneath paler...... C. melanurus 391
ec. Above dark reddish brown, beneath yellow-
ish tinged with reddish posteriorly.......C. prehenstlis 391
d. Above buffy black and ferrugineous; under
parts bully Wie gee 6. cts. eee C. p. gundlacht 392
e. Above brilliant yellowish red; grayish red
Spot on backiogmmee <4. «tsa ecu s. ds mae C. elegans 392
B. Tail short.
a. Above mixed black and golden brown; be-
neath. yellowistieee cick «iiss sans. Se C.-brownt 393
b. Above blackish brown, chest white, belly
yellowish gray cpg sie aks See sme C. thoracatus 394
c. Above mixed yellowish brown, gray, and
black; beneath pale yellowish brown..... C. ingrahamt 394
Fic. Lil. CAPROMYS PILORIDES. HAIRY HUTIA.
A. Capromys.
407. pilorides (/sodon), Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil., 1,
1822, p. 333, fig.
fourniert Desm., Mém. Soc. Hist. Nat., 1822, p. 43, pl. 1.
guemt Fisch., Syn. Mamm., 1829, p. 312.
Hairy Hurtta.
Type locality. ‘“‘South America or one of the West Indian
Islands.”’ Cuba?
Geogr. Distr. Cuba.
Genl. Char. Size large; tail long, sparsely haired; muzzle white.
Coler. Variable; above reddish chestnut and black, the hairs
being black, tipped with reddish chestnut, darkest on median line
nd paler on the sides where the hairs are tipped with yellowish
brown; nose and sides of head white, mixed with blackish and yel-
CAPROMYS, 391
lowish brown; under parts mixed gray and yellowish brown; limbs,
hands, and feet similar to back, but with less chestnut red; tail
covered with scattering reddish brown hairs.
Another style is yellowish brown and black above, and pale
yellow and black on sides. Nose and sides of head with a large
amount of white; under parts yellowish white from chin to tail, with
the sides of the belly pale brown; tail yellowish; hands whitish; arms
mixed black and yellowish white; legs and feet black to toes, which
are whitish; ears blackish, edged with whitish hairs. The two styles
are strikingly different.
Measurements. Total length, 777; tail, 220; hind foot, 83
(skin). Skull: total length, 96; greatest zygomatic width, 48; length
of Hensel, 78; mastoid breadth, 34; palatal length, 22; upper tooth
row, 20; height of lower jaw at condyle, 30.
408. melanurus (Capromys), Poey, Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad.
Wiss. Berl., 1864, p. 384. Dobson, Proc. Zodl. Soc., 1884,
Pp. 233, pls. XvIII—XXI.
BLACK-TAILED HoutTIa.
Type locality. Manzanillo, Cuba.
Geogr. Distr. Island of Cuba.
Genl. Char. Ears short, rounded, naked; eyes small; nostrils
obliquely placed in end of muzzle; tail scaly, but clothed with long
hairs; thumb rudimentary with small blunt claws; other digits with
convex, acute claws; foot twice the size of the hand.
Color. General hue yellowish brown, darkest on head and
palest beneath the body, mixed with long projecting black hairs;
the hair on head much shorter than on the body; tail blackish
brown.
Measurements. Total length, 595; tail, 266; ear, 25. Skull:
occipito-nasal length, 75; edge of foramen magnum to alveoli of
incisors, 57; length of nasals, 24; of frontal, 25; of parietal, 26; of
upper molar series, 15.5.
409. prehensilis (Capromys), Poeppig, Journ. Acad. Nat. Scien.
Philks\ ts 18240). 00.
PREHENSILE-TAILED HUutrTIA.
Type locality. Southern Cuba.
Geogr. Distr. Island of Cuba.
Genl. Char. Tail long, rather thickly covered with hair; pelage
rather smooth; size moderate.
Color. Nose pale whitish brown; top and sides of head dark
reddish brown mixed with white; upper parts dark reddish brown,
being a mixture of dark brown, reddish brown, yellowish, and black,
392 CAPROMYS,
becoming more reddish on the rump; side paler, somewhat grayish;
throat and breast grayish; rest of under parts yellowish, with a red-
dish tinge near the inguinal region; limbs, hands, and feet like back;
tail covered with short reddish hair.
Measurements. Total length, 710; tail, 305; hind foot, 82; ear,
20. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 75; length of parietal, 27; of upper
molar series, 18; width between upper premolars, 4; between pos-
terior molars, 9.
a.—eundlachi (Capromys), Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.,
BOOT, Pp. 317.
GuNDLACH’s HutTIA.
Type locality. Nueva Gerona, Isle of Pines, near Cuba.
Genl. Char. Similar to C. prehensilis, but less rufous; zygomata
heavier; postorbital process less produced; tail hairy throughout.
Color. Above mixed buff, black, and ferrugineous; rump brighter
ferrugineous; crown and cheeks brown, nose buffy; lower part of
cheek whitish; under parts and inner side of limbs buffy white; tail
mixed rufous and brownish black.
Measurements. Total length, 695; tail, 300; hind foot, 80; ear,
23. Skull: greatest length, 80.5; greatest width, 40; width of post-
orbital processes, 24.5; length of nasals, 22.5; of frontal, 26.5; of
parietal, 28; length of upper molar series, 11.5; height of lower jaw
at condyle, 26.5.
410. elegans (Capromys), Latorre, Bol. Soc. Espan. Hist. Nat.,
Madrid, 1, 1901, p. 372.
LANCEOLATE-SPpoT HutTIA.
Type locality. Cuba?
Geogr. Distr. Unique specimen in Madrid Museum, presumably
from Cuba.
Genl. Char. Size smaller than C. prehensilis; large grayish red
lanceolate spot on middle of back.
Color. General color brilliant yellowish red; head, tail, and feet
chestnut brown; tawny yellow spot between the eyes; on the back is
a large spot shaped like the head of a lance, the point directed
towards the rump, of an intense grayish red graduating into black
towards the broadest part. This spot is surrounded by an irregular
white band, which extends on the right flank toward the under
surface. On the shoulders, front of hind legs, and at base of tail are
numerous white hairs mixed with the others; nails large, curved, and
of a yellowish color; incisors large, and orange on the outer surface.
Measurements. Total length, 685; head with skull in skin, 95;
tail 200; hind foot, 75.
CAPROMYS. 393
B, Geocapromys
Tail short, about equal to hind foot; claws shorter than in
Capromys; inner toe of fore foot barely perceptible; ascending
maxillary of zygomatic arch wider than in Capromys, the superior
margin of squamosal narrower and without processes; occipital
region lower.
Fic. 74. CAPROMYS (GEOCAPROMYS) BROWNI.
No. 19147 Am. Mus, Nat. Hist. Coll. % nat. size.
411. browni (Capromys), Fisch., Syn. Mamm., Addend., 1830,
PD. 3oQ:
brachyurus (Capromys), Hill, Gosse, Nat. Sojourn in Jamaica,
Lifes 10), Palig/ ally
SHORT-TAILED HUuvTIA.
Type locality. Jamaica.
Geogr. Distr. Island of Jamaica.
Genl. Char. Tail very short, stiff, scaly, naked at base, covered
with short bristly hair above; fur dense, harsh; muzzle covered with
down.
394 CAPROMYS,
Color. Above mixed black and golden brown, beneath yellowish;
tail black above, grayish brown beneath; hands and feet blackish;
ears blackish gray.
Measurements. Total length, 450; tail, 35; hind foot, 60; ear, 6
(skin). Skull: occipito-nasal length, ror; length of Hensel, 81;
length of nasals, 36; of frontals, 35; of upper molar series, 21; lower
molar series, 21; width between rows of posterior molars, ro.
412. thoracatus (Capromys), True, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1888,
p- 469.
WHITE-BANDED HuvtTIa.
Type locality. Little Swan Island, Gulf of Honduras.
Geogr. Distr. Type locality only.
Genl. Char. Tail very short, and in other characters also similar
to C. brownt.
Color. Above blackish brown; hairs plumbeous brown at base,
and ringed in center with yellow; throat pale gray; breast crossed
by a nearly pure white band; belly yellowish gray; tail dark brown;
hands and feet ochraceous; fingers and toes blackish brown.
Measurements. Total length, 389; tail, 45; hind foot, 65; ear
from occiput, 18. Skull: greatest length, 68.5; length of Hensel,
53-5; greatest breadth, 35.5; interorbital constriction, 17.7; length of
nasals, 23; of frontals, 23; of upper molar series, 15.5; width between
posterior upper molars, 5.3; length of lower molar series, 15.5.
413. ingrahami (Capromys), Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.,
I8gr, p. 329.
INGRAHAM’S Hutta.
Type locality. Plana Key, Bahama Islands.
Geogr. Distr. Bahama Islands.
Genl. Char. In size similar to C. brownt from Jamaica;
pelage coarse, harsh; tail very short, graduated, pointed, hairy.
Color. Above mixed yellowish brown, gray and black, or
blackish brown, darkest on head and nape; sides similar to back,
but paler; under parts pale yellowish brown; hands and feet red-
dish brown; tail rusty brown; bare on apical third beneath, which is
black; ears black, fringed with reddish brown hairs.
Measurements. Total length, 335-375; tail vertebra, 55; hind
foot, 53-55; ear from crown, 16. Skull: total length, 63; greatest
width, 32; interorbital constriction, 17.5; length of nasals, 21; of
frontals, 21; of upper molar series, 15; width between rows of pos-
terior molars, 5.5; length of lower jaw, 44; height of condyle, 18.5.
PLAGIODONTIA, 395
L=; P=; M3 = 20.
Plagiodontia F. Cuv., Ann. Scien. Nat., 2me Sér., v1, 1836, p. 347
’
Zool. Type Plagiodontia aedium F. Cuvier.
Skull broad:
; nasals broad, truncate posteriorly; infraorbital
foramina very large, round; superior outline descending from parietal
to end of nasals, and to occiput; zygomata moderately heavy, jugal
broad, extended; thumb rudimentary with a flat nail; the four finger
with slender curved claws; toes larger, with strong compressed
curved claws; the middle and two outer toes longest and nearly
equal. Teeth without roots, diminishing in upper row from last
molar to premolar, which is smallest; each tooth has two oblique
loops horizontal to the jaw, one internal and one external, parallel
to each other. Lower molars nearly equal in size, the premolar
Fic. 75. PLAGIODONTIA AEDIUM.
ex Ann. Scien, Nat., Par 1836, Plate 17, nat z
896 PLAGIODONTIA,
slightly smaller, with one external and two internal loops, the angle
on latter much shallower than the others; lower incisors enter jaw
to base of last molar.
414. aedium (Plagiodontia), F. Cuv., Ann. Scien. Nat., 2me Sér., v1,
1836, p. 347, pl. 17, Zool.
Haitian Huta,
Type locality. Island of Haiti.
Geogr. Distr. Island of Haiti.
Genl. Char. Those of the genus,
Fic. Lill. PLAGIODONTIA AEDIUM. HAITIAN HuTiA.
ex Ann. Scien, Nat., Paris, 1836, Pl. 17.
Color. General hue pale brown; hairs on upper parts gray for
three-fourths their length, and fawn at the tips; long black hairs are
intermingled with the others; hairs of under parts are paler than
those of the back, and the long hairs are whitish; tail naked, scaly;
incisors yellow.
Measurements. Total length, 425; tail, r25. Skull: occipital
region imperfect; posterior border of frontal to end of nasals, 52;
interorbital constriction, 19; zygomatic width, 42; length of nasals,
23.5; length of upper molar series, alveolar border, 21; length of
mandible, angle to alveolus of incisor, 48; height at coronoid process,
23; length of lower molar series, alveolar border, 22.
Of the Family of “‘fretful porcupines,’’ the semi-arboreal species
of the genus ERETHIZON are found in North America. They prefer
a cold climate, and if their lot is cast in tropical lands, such as Mexico,
SS
ERETHIZONTIDZ:, ERETHIZONTINZ:, ERETHIZON, 397
they endeavor to equalize matters by living in high altitudes in the
mountains. While the American Porcupines are to a great extent
arboreal, yet they are by no means restricted to a life in the trees,
and the different species are frequently met with traveling on the
ground, and in the western part of the United States it is not uncom-
mon to find the Porcupine out on the prairie far from any timber.
They are inoffensive animals when unmolested, but disagreeable
creatures to handle or meddle with by either man or dog.
Fam. VII. Erethizontidze.
Form stout; long acute spines loosely attached to skin. Skull
with facial portion short, and the jugal without inferior angle;
molars more or less completely rooted.
Subfam. |. Erethizontine.
79. Erethizon. Long-spined Porcupines,
II, pi—. wy 3-3 —
TN ae i; Me, — 20.
Erethizon F. Cuv., Mém. du Mus. Hist. Nat., Paris, 1x, 1822, p. 426.
Type Hystrix dorsatus Linneus.
Eucritus Fisch., Mém. Soc. Imp. Moscow, v, 1817, pp. 372, 411.
Echinothrix Brookes, Cat. Anat. Zo6dl., 1828, /d. Trans. Linn. Soc.
Lond., xvi, 1829;eptvae p. 97.
Echinoprocta Gray, Proc. Zo6dl. Soc., 1865, pp. 321-322 desc.
Four toes on fore feet, five on hind feet, all with strong claws;
limbs short, strong; no naked mesial line on upper lip, which is
covered with hair and notched above the incisors; tail short, thick,
non-prehensile, covered above with stiff hairs and spines, and on the
sides and beneath with stiff bristles.
415. epixanthum (frethizon), Brandt, Mém. Acad. Imp. Scien.,
St. Petersb., 6th Ser., 1835, p. 390, pl. 1, 9. Elliot, Syn. N.
Am. Mamm., 1g9o1, p. 265.
pilosus. Peale (nec Rich.), U. S. Expl. Exped., Mamm., 1848,
p- 46.
WESTERN PORCUPINE.
Type locality. California? Unalaska?
Geogr. Distr. State of Sonora, Mexico, into New Mexico, east-
ward to Missouri, west to the Pacific, and north to Alaska and the
limit of trees.
Genl. Char. Light tips of long hairs of dorsal surface greenish
yellow. Average length of nasals exceed interorbital breadth, or over
SON
BERBETHI
ackward
LWO
CACEHT
whit
OW
\\
whitish
POWTN
HRETHIZON, COENDU,
Fic, LIV, ERETHIZON EPIXANTHUM, WESTERN PORCUPINE,
Measurements, ‘Total length, 825; tail vertebra, 165. Skull:
occipito-nasal length, 92; Hensel, 81; greatest zygomatic width, 70,
mastoid breadth, 47; palatal length, 30; length of upper tooth row, 24.
)
The members of the genus Counpu are essentially Tree Porcupines
having prehensile tails to aid them in their movements among the
branches, They are more especially natives of South America, but
one extends its range into Mexico, They are of a more slender form
than the Ground Porcupines, and their quills are variously colored,
and these are mixed among the hairs, exhibiting the transition
stage, neither all hairs nor all quills.
80. Coendu. Short-spined Porcupines.
Ll; Po; Me
- 20,
Coendu Lacép., Disc. d’ouvert. et de cloture du Cours Hist. Nat.
Suppl., 1799, p. 11. Type Hystnix prehensils Linnwu
Senetheres (sic) F,. Cuv., Mém. du Mus, Hist. Nat., Paris, 1x
1522, p. 434.
Ot
400 COENDU.,
Laboura Bilbberg. Syn. Faun. Scandinav., Mamm., 1, 1828,
Consp. A.
Cercolabes Brandt, Mamm. Exot. Nov., in Mém. Acad. Imp.
ot. Petersb.,/ménr, 3,30, 3835, p. 55.
Body covered with short, variously colored spines, close together,
and mixed with hairs; hind feet with only four toes, hallux absent;
fleshy pad on inner side of foot; tail prehensile.
>
Fic. 77. COENDU MEXICANUM
No, 102 Field Columbian Mus, Coll, ? nat. size
KEY TO THE SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES.
A. Tail prehensile.
a. Fur fulvous brown. PAGE
a.’ Hind foot, 52 mm C. pallidum 401
b. Fur speckled with white.
a.’ Hind foot, 71 mm C. rothschildt 401
ec. Fur black.
Hind foot, 88 mm C. mexicanum 402
b.’ Hind foot, 74 mm. .C. m. yucatanie 402
d. Fur blackish brown; hind foot, 75 mm. C. lenatum 402
COENDU., 401
416. pallidum (Cercolabes), Waterh., Mamm., 11, 1848, p. 434.
LIGHT-COLORED PORCUPINE.
Type locality. ‘‘West Indies’’?
Genl. Char. Fur soft; spines short; tail short, with slender spines
on upper part of basal half.
Color. General color pale fulvous brown; limbs, lower part of
flanks, and under parts darker brown; muzzle and feet dusky brown;
tail brownish black; quills white, with black tips, hidden mostly in
the fur.
Measurements. Total length, 513; tail, 193; hind foot, 53.3.
417. rothschildi (Coendu), Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 7th Ser.,
X, 1902, p. 169.
ROTHSCHILD’s TREE PORCUPINE.
Type locality. Sevilla Island, off Chiriqui, Panama.
Genl. Char. Hair short; skull much inflated above orbits; nasal
aperture large; fourth premolar not larger than molars.
Color. Profusely speckled with white; spines on back all tipped
with white.
Measurements. Total length, 740; tail vertebra, 330; hind foot,
with claws, 68. Skull: basilar length, 71; length of upper molar
series, 17.3.
Fic. LV. COENDU MEXICANUM. MEXICAN TREE PORCUPINE.
402 COENDU,
418. mexicanum (//ystrix), Kerr, Linn., Anim. King., 1792, p. 214.
nove-lispame Briss., Regn. Anim., 1756, p. 127.
prehensilis Schreb., Saugeth., Iv, p. 603.
PREHENSILE-TAILED PORCUPINE.
Type locality. Mountains of Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Mirador, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico, south to
Costa Rica.
Genl. Char, Tail short, stout, bare of spines on apical half.
Color. Body covered with yellow and white spines, with black
tips; the fur amid these on the body and limbs is black, with the tips
of hairs white; basal half only of tail covered with spines, remainder
with stiff black hairs.
Measurements, Total length, 750; tail, 320; hind foot, 88
(dried skin.) Skull: occipito-nasal length, 82; total length, 84;
zygomatic width, 52; interorbital constriction, 27; palatal length
(palatal arch to anterior edge of premolar), 16; length of upper
molar series, alveolar border, 18; length of mandible, angle to alveolus
of incisor, 54; length of lower tooth row, alveolar border, 22.
a.—yucatanice (Coendu), Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 7th Ser.,
X, 1902, p. 249.
YuCATAN TREE PORCUPINE.
Type locality. Izamal, Yucatan.
Genl, Char. Similar to C. mexicanum; black fur shorter. Skull
with nasals parallel, not expanded anteriorly; forehead inflated;
braincase narrow; anterior palate flat; bulla high, narrow.
Color. Like that of C. mexicanum.
Measurements. ‘Total length, 820; tail, 380; hind foot with claws,
74. Skull: greatest length, 88; basilar length, 75; zygomatic breadth,
48.5; nasals, 30.5 X 19; height of forehead above palate, 97; inter-
orbital breadth, anteriorly, 30; posteriorly, 36; breadth of braincase
behind zygomata, 33; palatal length, 38.5; palatal foramina, 8 x 3.2;
length of upper tooth row, 18.1.
419, lenatum (Coendu), Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 7th Ser., x1,
TOG4, P. 302,
Cuirigut Porcupine. Gato de Spinas in Chiriqui.
Type locality. Boquete, Chiriqui, Panama. Altitude, 5,000 feet.
Genl, Char. Spines not showing through fur on tail or limbs.
Skull flat, not inflated on frontal region; anterior portion of pre-
maxilla projecting but slightly in front of nasals; nasals broad ante-
riorly, narrowing posteriorly; supraorbital edges square, ridges well
detined; palatal foramina ending at premaxillo-maxillary suture; pos-
terior edge of palate on line with posterior edge of second upper molar.
COENDU, DASYPROCTA, 403
Color. Blackish brown above and beneath; spines of back yel-
lowish white on basal three-fifths, remainder brownish black, tips
horny; hands, feet, and tail black.
Measurements. Total length, 708; tail, 256; hind foot, with claws,
75. Skull: greatest length, 80; basilar length, 67; zygomatic breadth,
47; length of nasals, 24; breadth of nasals, anteriorly, 16; breadth of
nasals at fronto-premaxillary suture, 12.8; interorbital constriction,
25.5; palatal length, 35.7; height of forehead, above premolars 27.7;
length of upper tooth row, 19.
The Rodents with hoof-like claws of the family AGouTipa@,
resemble in their general outward appearance a ruminant, such as
the little musk-deer, more than a rodent. Slender of form and limbs,
they are small of stature with very short ears and tail. Two genera
contain all the known species, distinguished from each other by the
number of toes on the hind foot, the members of Dasyprocra having
three, and those of Acour! five. The former genus contains a num-
ber of species, distributed in Central and South America, and even
on some of the West India islands; but on these last only two have
been found as yet, one of which has a great range, for it is a native
of South America as far south as Paraguay, but is not met with
west of the Andean Chain of Mountains, being replaced in Ecuador
by A. taczanowski. ‘The absence of tail in the Agoutis is compen-
sated for by the length of the hairs on the rump, which fall over so
far that they would hide any moderately long tail. Agoutis are
dwellers both of the woods and plains, agile in their movements,
and swift runners. Nocturnal in habits, they remain hidden for the
greater part of the day. Their food is chiefly vegetable.
Fam. VIII. Agoutidze. Agoutis.
E. R. Alston. The genus Dasyprocta, with Description of a New
Species. Proc. Zodl. Soc. Lond., 1876, p. 347.
$81. Dasyprocta. Agoutis. Paca.
I—I, piI—!, kre
lis = Pi—7 M.; a = 20.
Dasyprocta Illiger, Prodr. Syst. Mamm. et Av., 1811, p. 93. Type
a eee
Cutia Liais, Climats. Géol. Faune et Geog. Bot. Brésil, 1872,
P. 534-
Myoprocta Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 7th Ser., x11, 1903,
p. 464.
104 DASYPROCTA,
Molars semi-rooted, with external and internal enamel folds:
claws hoot-like; tail obsolete: hind toes three.
Fig. 78. DASYPROCTA MEXICANA,
No, 1asss U.S. Nat. Mus. Coll, & nat, size
KEY TO THE SPECIES.
] > TE ny THT ‘+ ©
Long hairs on rump not annulated.
Above rufous, or hairs with vellow and
”
DASYPROCTA, 405
a.’ Under parts like back; pale line on PAGE
Mey: SiIZ@UIATCe, >.>... eso D. punctata 405
b.” Under parts tinged with olivaceous;
Sece: BINAN ees Me. ke .,, D. ruatanica 405
b.’ Above mixed black and white........... D. mexicana 405
¢; “Aipove yellowish Glay color................. D. callida 406
b. Long hairs on rump, annulated to their base.
a.’ Long rump hairs black and yellow ringed..D. isthmica 407
b.’ Long rump hairs, brown and orange......... D. coibe 407
BB) MWgeeeeeena) Cheah heme heed... see sere D. cristata 407
420. punctata (Dasyprocta), Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., rst Ser.,
%, 2842, p. 264,
SpotteD AGouti. Cotusa in Guatemala.
Type locality. ‘‘South America.”
Geogr. Distr. Guatemala, Costa Rica, Central America.
Genl. Char. Color variable, from a bright chestnut to a pale
yellow.
Color. Uniform rufous, or with yellow and black rings on hairs
on all the body except a pale line on middle of abdomen; hairs of
rump only slightly elongate.
Measurements. Total length about 550; hind foot, roo.
421. ruatanica (Dasyprocia), Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 7th
Ser., VIII, 190%, Parsee,
RuATAN IsLAND AGOUTI.
Type locality. Island of Ruatan, Bay of Honduras.
Geogr. Distr. Type locality only.
Genl. Char. Similar to D. punctata, but smaller.
Color. Above mixed black and yellow, like D. punctata; under
part like back, tinged with olivaceous; chin white; yellow patch on
belly; hands and feet grizzled or deep brown; ears blackish.
Measurements. Length head and body, 435; hind foot, ror.
Skull: basal length, 70.5; zygomatic breadth, 18.7; interorbital
breadth, 27.5.
422, mexicana (Dasyprocta), Sauss., Rev. Mag. Zool., 2me Sér., xu,
1860, p. 53.
Mexican AGOUTI.
Type locality. ‘‘Hot zone of Mexico.” State of Vera Cruz?
Genl, Char. Long hairs black throughout their length; size
small,
Color. UHairs on body above, and sides ringed with black and
pure white; rump black; throat and belly white.
406 DASYPROCTA.
Measurements, Total length about 430; hind foot, 90. Skull:
occipito-nasal length, 108; greatest zygomatic width, 50; mastoid
width, 46; length of Hensel, 79; palatal length, 14; length of upper
tooth row (crown), 19; length of frontals, 40; height of lower jaw at
condyle, 28.
423. callida (Dasyprocta), Bangs, Am. Nat., XXXv, Igor, p. 635.
CuNNING AGOUTI.
Type locality. San Miguel Island, Bay of Panama,
Genl. Char. Color pale; rump hairs white-tipped. Skull slender;
rostrum long; nasals narrow.
Color. Upper parts with the hairs annulated with yellowish and
black, giving a yellowish clay as the general color; more ochraceous
in middle of back; rump hairs long, black with white tips; under
parts soiled white, hairs annulated with drab; fore and hind feet
brownish black.
Measurements. Total length, 420-510; tail vertebre, 20-30;
hind foot, 96-105; ear from notch, 33-38. Skull: basal length, 85.4;
occipito-nasal length, 98.6; zygomatic width, 44; mastoid width, 32;
interorbital constriction, 26.2; length of nasals, 38; width of nasals,
* oar eee,
Fic. LVI. DASYPROCTA ISTHMICA. ISTHMIAN AGOUTI.
DASYPROCTA, 407
15.4; length of palate to palatal notch, 39; to end of pterygoid, 55.4;
upper tooth row (four molar teeth), 17.2; greatest width of rostrum,
24; length of single half of mandible, 58; lower tooth row (four molar
teeth), 18.8.
424, isthmic# (Dasyprocta), Alston, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1876, p. 347.
IstHMIAN AGOUTI.
Type locality. Colon, Columbia,
Geogr. Distr. Unknown, probably Costa Rica to Columbia.
Genl. Char. Long hairs of rump black, with broad pale tips.
Color. ‘‘Fur ringed with black and yellow; rump black more or
less washed with orange or yellow, the long hairs being black at the
base, scarcely annulated except close to the tips, which are broadly
margined with the light color.”’
Measurements. ‘Total length about 22 inches; hind foot, 4.25
inches.’’ (Alston, l. c.)
425. coibe (Dasyprocta), Thomas, Novitat. Zoél., 1x, 1902, p. 136.
Co1Bpa AGOUTI.
Type locality. Coiba Island, West Coast of Panama.
Genl. Char. Size as in D, isthmice; fur coarse, sparse; rump
hairs about three inches in length; nasals parallel, not tapering.
Color. Upper parts grizzled brown; hairs ringed with brown and
orange; rump hairs broadly tipped with orange; crown blackish
brown; under parts soiled yellowish; upper surface of feet black;
tail naked for about an inch; ears nearly naked, brown. |
Measurements. Head and body, 570; tail, 25; hind foot, ros;
with hoofs, 115; ear, 32. Skull: basilar length, 78; zygomatic
breadth, 53; nasals, 40 X 24; interorbital breadth, 32; palatal length,
38.5; diastema, 26.5; length of palatal foramina, 4.2; length of bullae,
15.2; length of upper molar series (crowns), 16.
426. cristata (Cavia), Desm., Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 1, 1816, p. 213.
antillensis, Sclat., Proc. Zodl. Soc., 1874, p. 666.
CRESTED AGOUTI.
Type locality. “‘Surinam.’”’ Probably a West Indian form.
(Alston. )
Geogr. Distr. Islands of St. Vincent, St. Lucia, and St. Thomas,
West Indies.
Genl. Char. Nuchal crest present; colors dark.
Color. Hairs ringed with black and reddish or brownish yellow;
nuchal tuft and rump black, with hairs ringed at base.
Measurements. Total length, 450; hind foot, 93.75.
408 AGOUTI.
The Paca is more robust than the Agouti, with coarse hair, and
no tail worth mentioning, and the inner toe and the nails on each
foot very small. Like the Agouti, it is nocturnal, hiding in under-
ground retreats in the forest by day, coming out at night to feed.
It excavates burrows several feet deep, mostly in the vicinity of
rivers. The subspecies mentioned below, with its parent species,
and a smaller one, A. taczanowski, from Ecuador, are the only repre-
sentatives of the genus known, the A. paca, however, having a wide
distribution. A remarkable character in the Paca is the unusual
development of the cheek bone, the malar being greatly inflated
and excavated, and its outer surface roughened in an extraordinary
degree. The cavity in the cheek bone is lined with a mucous mem-
brane and communicates with the mouth by a small opening. The
raison d’étre of this peculiar structure is unknown, and it can hardly
be used as a pouch for food, like those of the Gophers and Chipmunks,
for it would seem that any particles placed in this bony pouch would
be apt to stay there, the animal having no means of extracting them.
82. Agouti. Paca.
I=; PMS; M2
BS a =
or)
= 20.
uv
w
Agouti Lacép., Tabl. Divis. Sous-divis. Ordres et Genres Mamm.,
Suppl. to Disc. d’ouvert et de cloture du Cours d’Hist. Nat.,
etc., 1799, p. 11. Type Mus paca Linneus.
Coelogenus (sic) F. Cuv., Ann. du Mus., Hist. Nat. Paris, x, 1807,
Pp: 203.
Paca Fischer, Zoogn., 1814, p. 85.
Osteopera Harlan, Faun. Amer., 1825, p. 126. ;
Genyscelus Liais, Climats. Géol. Faune Brésil., 1872, p. 537.
Five toes on hind feet; zygomatic arches greatly expanded verti-
cally, forming bony capsules on side of face, communicating with
mouth by a small opening at bottom of inclosed cavity. Head large
and broad; nose not pointed; tail a fleshy tubercle; inner toes and
the nail of each foot very small.
paca virgata (Agoutt), Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zo6l., XXXIX, 1902,
p. 47.
CENTRAL AMERICAN Paca,
Type locality, Divala, Chiriqui, Panama.
Geogr. Disir. Central America.
Genl. Char. Similar to the South American animal, but second
stripes much less broken into spets; hind foot larger. Skull larger;
palate narrower; audital bull flatter.
FIELD COLUMBIAN MUSEUM. PLATE XXXVIII, ZOOLOGY.
AGOUT! PACA VIRGATA.
No, 10079 Mus. Comp. Zo6l. Coll. 34 nat. size.
aZIs ‘yeu %
9D [907 ‘dwoy ‘snp 6Zoor * N
“WALIVSYIA VOVd ILNODY
‘A90100Z *XIXXX SLW1d
“WNASNW NVISGWN109 Q7al4
AGOUTI, 409
Color, Variable; upper parts walnut brown; a stripe from
shoulder to hip and a shorter one above it white; these break into a
series of spots on the sides of neck and on flanks and are smaller on
the latter. Two rows of small white spots above the others, the
lower extending from sides of neck to flanks.
Fic. LVII. AGOUTI PACA VIRGATA. CENTRAL AMERICAN PACA.
Measurements. Total length, 740; tail vertebre, 22; hind foot,
130; ear, 43. Skull: basal length, 139.6; occipito-nasal length, 151;
zygomatic width, 104; mastoid width, 54.8; interorbital width, 47.2;
length of nasals, 51.2; width of nasals, 26; length of palate to palatal
notch, 76; width of palate at middle of second molariform tooth, 7;
at middle of last molariform tooth, 10.2; upper molar series, 29. 6;
length of single half mandible, 107. (Bangs, 1. c.)
No family of mammals is better known generally than that of
the Leporip@, which includes the Hares and Rabbits. It is the one
group of animals with which nearly all persons are familiar. The
terms, Hares and Rabbits, although used indiscriminately by many
persons, really indicate very important distinctions, viz.: Hares
never make burrows in the earth, but construct loosely arranged
nests or “‘forms,’’ where they sit during the day, and in which they
bring forth their young fully clothed with fur and able to take care
of themselves. On the other hand, the Rabbit digs a deep burrow
in the earth, with many connecting passages and openings, and the
410 LEPORID.,
young are born underground, naked, blind, and helpless. These
animals inhabit districts varying greatly in their conditions and
situations. Some seek swamps, marshes, or dense thickets, like the
southern canebrakes, and are partly aquatic; others delight in woods,
bushy coverts, and tangled depths; while still others are at home
only in the snow-covered northern wastes, or the wide wind-swept
prairies or desert expanse. In the northern portion of the western
hemisphere the greater portion of these animals are found, and the
largest species occur in the extreme north and on the plains, and are
represented by the Arctic Hares and Jack Rabbits. Certain species
turn white in winter in districts where there are heavy falls of snow,
the white coat assimilating with the snow, and affording concealment
to the animal. This change, however, does not always occur
throughout the range of every species, as witnessed by the Washing-
ton Hare, L. washingtont, which is a white animal in winter in its
northern range, while in the more southern part of its dispersion,
about Puget Sound, it does not turn white in winter, the moderate
snow fall in that section not making a white coat necessary for
protection. On the contrary, an animal of such a color would be,
probably, all the more conspicuous. Hares are remarkable for their
lengthened ears and hind legs, and in some species these characters
are carried to an extreme, but all members of the family have the
hind legs considerably elongated, and it is by them that the great
leaps made in flight are accomplished. Hares and Rabbits are
absolutely without defense, flight (aided by a low order of strategy,
illustrated by doubling on its tracks) being their only’ means of
escape from their enemies. They are, however, always on the watch,
their large eyes roving constantly over every object in range of their
vision, and the long ears constantly in motion, attentive to every
sound. Innumerable enemies of the earth and air are continually
seeking their destruction, and it is only its amazing fecundity that
enables the race to survive. The fore legs are very short, and are
never used as hands, as is the case with many rodents, and although
in the feeble combats indulged in by Hares, the fore feet may occa-
sionally be used to strike an adversary, they are capable of inflicting
only very slight injuries. Compared with many rodents, the teeth
of Hares are weak, but they commit much damage with such as
they have, gnawing trees, shrubs, etc., and are very destructive to
growing crops, vegetables, and also to ornamental plants. The
members of this family possess more teeth than those of any other
among the rodents, and they are remarkable for having at birth
three pairs of incisors in the upper jaw, the second pair small and
placed behind the middle large pair. The second outer pair early
LEPORID#, ROMEROLAGUS, 411
becomes deciduous, but the inner small pair is retained through life.
The food of these animals is strictly vegetable. Rabbits have been
introduced into various parts of the world, and in some lands have
multiplied to such'an extent as to become very serious pests, and
all kinds of methods for exterminating them have been tried in vain,
illustrating in a very forcible and unpleasant manner the foolishness
of man when he disturbs the harmony of Nature and interferes with
her distribution of animal life upon the Globe. In sections of
western North America Jack Rabbits, so-called, abound in such
extraordinary numbers that great hunts are regularly organized and
attended by all the ranchmen in the vicinity, and many thousands of
these animals are killed in a single day, having been ‘‘rounded up”’
in a manner similar to that employed with the half-wild range cattle,
except that the Hares are driven into a space inclosed with nets,
from which there is no escape, and where they are speedily dispatched
with clubs. In spite of these wholesale executions, and all other
fatalities that overtake them, Hares still flourish.
One other family is comprised in this suborder, the LaGomyIpDz,
containing the little Chief Hares, or Pikas. No species are found
within the lands embraced in this work so far as known. Far up
the mountain sides, sometimes at an elevation of many thousand
feet, amid the ranges that form the ‘‘backbone”’ of the North
American Continent, their fortress a hole amid the rocks, these little
creatures, whose aspect is between that of a guinea-pig and a rabbit,
live in colonies and betray their presence to the intruder on their
domains by sharp, squeaking, querulous ventriloquial notes or cries,
deceptive as to distance and locality. Very timid, the Pikas are shy
and watchful, and survey an interloper from the farther side of some
friendly stone. They lay up stores of provisions, such as grass and
other herbage, against the long severe winter, and are very indus-
trious. Four young are produced in thespring about May. Pikas
are very small, tailless animals, about eight inches in length, with
large, flat ears, small eyes, and a rudimentary thumb with claw.
Fam. 1X. Leporidz. Hares, Rabbits.
C. J. Forsyth-Major, On Fossil and Recent Lagomorpha. Trans.
Zool. Soc., 1898, p. 433.
85. Romerolagus.
Romerolagus Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., x, 1896, p. 173. Type
Romerolagus nelsont Merriam.
Small; ears, hind legs, and feet short. Skull similar to that of the
subgenus Sylvilagus, but postorbital processes are lacking anteriorly,
£12 ROMEROLAGUS
and jugals elongated posteriorly; clavicles articulating with sternum
and scapula; prosternum broader than long before first pair of ribs;
mesosternum of three segments; six pair of ribs articulating with
sternum; fifth cervical vertebra with transverse process directed
outward, not backward; transverse process of lumbar vertebra
broadly expanded; small hypopophyses present on first three lumbar
vertebra; inferior crest of navicular bone short and not produced
under base of metatarsal (ex Merr., l. c.)
Fig. 79. ROMEROLAGUS NELSONI.
No. 57949 U. S. Nat. Mus. Coll. Nat. size
427. *nelsoni (/omerolagus), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., x, 1896,
g
liast. (Lepus), Ferrari-Perez, Cat. Comis. Geogr. Explor. Repub.
NELSON’sS Hart
lvpe locality. West slope of Mt. Popocatepetl, State of Mexico,
(
Mexico Altitude, LO0,000—I 2,000 feet.
[tis a moot question whether this species should not bear the name
ad of nels the figure on plate 42 of the Catalogue above cited represent
undoubtedly this species. It is said that a description was also published
Mexican newspaper Che figure in the plate gives a better idea of the ani-
than can | ybtained trom any deseription
ROMEROLAGUS. LEPUS. 413
Geogr. Distr. Mt. Popocatepetl, State of Mexico, and Mt. Iztac-
cihuatl 7 Mexico.
Genl. Char. Those of genus.
Color. Upper parts, collar, and sides grayish brown and black,
suffused with yellowish; chin and belly smoky gray washed with
buff; feet buffy yellow.
Measurements, Total length, 311; tail vertebra, o; hind foot,
53; ear from notch (skin), 36. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 48;
Hensel, 38; zygomatic width, 25; across orbital processes, 13; palatal
length, 20; length of mandible, angle to symphysis, 31; height at
coronoid process, 23.
$4. Lepus.
i2a-: PP =i; M 3
; ; 4
I—1’ 2—2!
: 28.
Lepus Linn., Syst. Nat., 1, 1758, p. 57; 1, 1766, p. 79. Type Lepus
tumidus Linnzus.
Hydrolagus Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 3d Ser., xx, 1867, p. 221.
Silvilagus Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 3d Ser., xx, 1867, p. 222.
Tapeti Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 3d Ser., xx, 1867, p. 224.
Macrotolagus Mearns, Science, 1, 1895, p. 698. /d. Proc. U.S. Nat.
Mus., 1896, p. 552.
Microlagus Trouess., Cat. Mamm. vivent. quam fossil, 1897, fase 3,
p. 660.
Limnolagus Mearns, Science, N.S., v, 1897, p. 393.
Skull high, superior outline much curved, especially at occipital
region; postorbital processes in the majority of species long, more or
less divergent, flanking a deep wide notch, their posterior extremities
not completely fused with skull; (exceptions to this are the swamp
hares which have this process ankylosed to the cranium by its tip, or
its internal margin); all the openings of the skull are large; facial sur-
face of the maxilla reticulated; orbits very large, meeting in the mesial
line of the cranium; teeth more numerous than in any other family of
rodents; second pair of upper incisors small, situated behind the chief
pair; the latter is grooved deeply in front, and all are deeply implanted
in the skull and lower jaw; molars rootless; third upper molar minute;
last lower molar larger, but still much the smallest of the lower series;
palate a mere bridge between molars. The scapula ends in a process,
which has near its termination a branch directed at right angles to the
axis; tibia and fibula always ankylosed; fore feet with five toes, hind
feet with four. A patch of hair covered skin on inner surface of cheeks
extending baekward from the angle of mouth. Hind legs elongate, in
some species greatly so; ears very long; tail rudimentary.
~
44 LEPUS,
KEY TO THE SUBGENERA,
A, Tail rudimentary,
a, Interparietal persistent as a distinct bone in
adults,
a.’ Ear shorter than hind foot,
a.” Skull and teeth strong, heavy; postor-
bital process of frontal ankylosed PAGE
with cranium for its entire length. ..... Limnolagus 414
b.”" Skull and teeth lighter; postorbital pro-
cess of frontal ankylosed with cra-
nium behind, inclosing a foreman. ....... Stloilagus 416
b.’ Ear longer than hind fot. ....... 2.6.6.4... Microlagus 428
b. Interparietal always obliterated in adults. ...Maerotolagus 431
B. Tail mone... .2au.... a . a .Tapeti 426
A. Limnolagus.
“Interparietal present as a distinct bone in adults, Skull and
teeth massive; rostral portion of skull wide as high; postorbital pro-
cess of frontals ankylosed with the cranium for its entire length;
frontals and parietals deeply pitted; skull rather straight above, about
half as wide as long; pelage harsh; head small; ear, tail, and hind
foot short, the latter scantily haired.”’
KEY TO THE SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES.,
A, Skull large, heavy; frontals and parietals deeply
pitted; pelage harsh.
a. Basisphenoid and basioccipital forming an '
obtuse angle, PAGE
a.’ Above pale buffy gray, lined with black. .L. a. attwatert 414
b.’ Above yellowish brown, tinged with
rufous and lined with black... 6.6.00. 6 060. L, palustris 415
b. Basisphenoid and basioccipital on same plane. .... L. tratt ars
aquaticus attwaterit (Lepus), Allen, Bull. Am, Mus, Nat. Hist., 1895,
p. 327. Elhot, Syn. N. Am, Mamm., rgor, p. 278.
ArTWaTER’s Swamp Hare.
Type locality, Medina River, 18 miles south of San Antonio,
Bexar County, Texas.
Geogr, Distr. Yucatan, Mexico, to southeastern Texas.
Genl, Char. The general color paler than that of L. aquaticus,
Size similar. _
Coler. Above pale buffy gray lined with black; sides whitish gray .
tinged with buff; dorsal region tinged with yellowish, darkest on the
rump; belly and inside of legs white; back sometimes nearly all black;
FIELD COLUMBIAN MUS6EUM,
LEPUS AQUATICUS ATT WATER!
33 Am, M Nat, Hist, Co Nat
LEPUS. 415
ears sparsely haired, reddish brown outside, with a narrow white
border anteriorly ; curved black line at corner of eye across cheek; tail
reddish brown above, white below; feet fulvous above, soles dusky.
Measurements. Total length, 520; tail to end of hairs, 83; hind
foot, 105;ear, 65. Skull: total length, 87; basal length, 79; zygomatic
breadth, 40; mastoid breadth, 32; interorbital constriction, 32;
length of nasals, 35; of lower jaw, 63; height of coronoid process, 37.
428. palustris (Lepus), Bachm., Journ. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil., 1837,
p. 194, pls.15,16. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 279.
douglast Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 1837, p. 586.
Swamp Hare. Conejo in Mexico.
Type locality. Eastern South Carolina?
Geogr. Distr. Yucatan, Mexico, north to Texas; Florida; and
North Carolina.
Genl. Char. Size of L. sylvaticus, tail shorter; ears broader, more
rounded; head larger; nails of toes exposed; incisors and molars,
broader and heavier.
Color. Above yellowish brown tinged with rufous or rusty (the
latter especially on the rump and outside of legs), and heavily shaded
with black; beneath grayish white; fore neck, breast, and sides yellow-
ish brown; chin grayish white; throat brownish gray; ear grayish
rufous lined with black; tail above rufous and black, beneath grayish
white; soles brownish.
Measurements. Total length, 444; tail vertebre, 38; hind foot, 88;
ear, 64. Skull: total length, 79; greatest width, 38; interorbital
width, 15; lateral length of nasals, 32; posterior width of nasals, 19;
length of upper molar series, 15; length of lower jaw, 60.
429 truii (Lepus), Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1890, p. 192.
True’s Swamp Hare.
Type locality. Mirador, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. State of Vera Cruz, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Similar to L. palustris, darker, smaller; skull with
comparative differences.
Color. Similar to L. palustris, but smaller in size and more mixed
with black on upper parts, especially on the dorsal region; beneath
pale yellowish except a broad yellowish brown pectoral band; ears
black and rufous; feet pale rufous.
Measurements. Total length, 335; hind foot, 75; ear from crown,
54. Skull: basal length, 57; greatest zygomatic breadth, 35; inter-
orbital constriction, 25; mid-palatal length, 11; length of nasals, 27;
length of upper molar series, 14; height of lower jaw at coronoid
process, 32. (ex Type.)
416 LEPUS.
B. Silvilagus.
‘“Interparietal persistent as a distinct bone in adults; rostrum
wider than high; skull and teeth light; postorbital process united with
cranium behind, inclosing a narrow foramen; upper surface of skull
Fic. 80. LEPUS (SILVILAGUS) F. SUBCINCTUS.
No, 8678 Field Columbian Mus. Coll. Nat. size.
less pitted; skull sometimes wider than half its length, much arched;
pelage softer.”’
LEPUS. 417
KEY TO THE SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES.
A. Ears shorter than hind foot. 4
a. Ears equal to or shorter than head. PAGE
a.’ Above mixed black and buffy white....L. f. subcinctus 417
b.’ Above buffy cinnamon and black.......... L.f. aztecus 418
c.’ Above black and ochraceous buff ...... L.f. persultator 418
d.’ Above mixed black and buff.......... L. f. yucatanicus 419
e.’ Above vinaceous cinnamon mixed with
eran and black (Summer)... ... -anT% 2 le holenert 419
f.’. Above yellowish brown and black........ L. verecrucits 420
Geepove pale brownmsion LUsset..... 2... as. L. russatus 420
yee pove pale buliand black......5.... G8... L. parvulus 421
jee pove Saney bUfeand black...........2... L.insolitus 421
b. Ears longer than the head.
a.’ Above yellowish brown and black......... L.audubont 422
b.’ Above mixed black and light cream
POULEL ok ee de es a L. sanctidiegi 422
c.’ Above pale yellowish gray and black........ L.arizone@ 423
d.’ Above grayish drab and black tinged with
Sean tpaa) 0) RUA. G0 anaes Oe L. a. major 423
e.’ Above yellowish brown and black.......... L.a.minor~ 423
ioe oome Cark Sra yiemePIOWM.....:........ L. a. confinis 424
g.’ Above paler than Li a. major, larger........ L.durange 424
h.’ Above deep clay color and black............ L. orizabe@ 425
c. Ears very short.
a.’ Above mixed yellowish gray, black, and
Jengenyinl. Wiig orisha 1 nn oer L. nuttalla 425
b.’ Above pale rufous varied with blackish
LOT O WilereminiremneM Lae ds ee ake L. graysont 426
floridanus suwbheinctus (Lepus), Miller, Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil.,
1899, p. 386.
MicHoacan Hare.
Type locality. Hacienda El Molino, near Negrete, State of Mich-
oacan, Mexico.
Geogr, Distr. State of Michoacan, Mexico; range unknown.
Genl. Char. Similar to L. 7. chapmanz; larger.
Color. Above mixed black and buffy white; paler on rump and
sides; nape light cinnamon; crown yellowish; orbital ring whitish;
cheeks below and behind eyes blackish; lower throat and chest buffy
cream sprinkled with black; rest of under parts whitish, with a buff
band in front of hind legs; legs ochraceous cinnamon buff, palest on
hind legs; tail mixed brown and whitish above, white beneath; ears
418 LEPUS.
gray exteriorly, buff interiorly; black along anterior border near tip,
extreme anterior margin pale buff.
Measurements. Total length, 434; tail vertebre, 47; hind foot, 86;
ear from crown, 76. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 73; Hensel, 52;
zygomatic width, 34; length of nasals (outer side), 30; (median), 22.5;
palatal length, 7; length of incisive foramina, 17; upper tooth
row, 7.
floridanus aztecws (Lepus), Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.,
1890, p. 188.
TEHUANTEPEC HARE.
Type locality. Tehuantepec City, State of Oaxaca, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. State of Oaxaca, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Smaller than L. floridanus, lighter in color and ears
larger; palatal arch round.
Color. Above and sides of neck buffy cinnamon and black; sides
gray, with buffy cinnamon band in front of thighs; nape and outer
surface of limbs yellowish rufous; under parts white; chest yellowish
white; eye stripe grayish white; cheeks gray; fore feet yellowish white;
hind feet pure white; tail above cinnamon rufous, like rump; ears dark
brownish gray, blackish at tip, anterior border white basally.
Measurements. Total length, 300; tail to end of hairs, 37; hind
foot, 82; ear from notch, 64. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 71; median
length of nasals, 25; lateral length of nasals, 33; posterior width of
nasals, 16; anterior width, 9; distance from anterior premolar to
alveolus of incisor, 19.5; length of palatine foramina, 16.5; least inter-
orbital width anterior to postorbital processes, 18; length of palate, 7;
width of palate, 9.
floridanus persultator (Lepus), Elliot, Pub. Field. Columb. Mus., 111,
1903, p. 147. Zodlogy.
PUEBLA HARE.
Type locality. Puebla, State of Puebla, Mexico.
Genl. Char. In color very closely resembling L. f. subcinctus, but
smaller in all its dimensions. Skull is distinguished for the straight-
ness of its anterior superior gutline, the nasals being flat and on a line
with the frontals; posterior portion of skull from behind orbits curving
sharply downward; nasals broad, abruptly compressed near anterior
termination; ears short; palatal arch with azygos process in center.
Color. Top of head cinnamon rufous and black, rest of upper parts
except rump mixed black and ochraceous buff; sides gray; rump gray
and black; nape and outer surface of limbs yellowish rufous; ochra-
ceous buff band in front of thighs; pectoral band pale yellowish rufous;
under parts white; eye stripe buff; orbital ring cream buff; cheeks
a
LEPUS, 419
mixed gray buff and black; fore feet buff; hind feet white; tail above
ochraceous buff, beneath white; ears dark brown sprinkled with buff,
darkest at tip, anterior border for three-fourths its length from base,
white. :
Measurements. Hind foot, 72; ear from notch, 54; from head, 62
(skin). Skull: occipito-nasal length, 66; median length of nasals, 19;
lateral length of nasals, 27; posterior width of nasals, 11; anterior
width, 8; distance from anterior premolar to alveolus of incisor, 19;
length of palatine foramina, 16; least interorbital width, anterior to
postorbital processes, 11; length of palate, 5; width of palate, 8.
floridanus yuecatanicus (Lepus), Miller, Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien.
Phil., 1889, p. 384.
Yucatan Hare.
Type locality. Merida, Yucatan, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Yucatan, Mexico; limits of range unknown.
Genl. Char. Similar to L. 7. aztecus, but larger in size, and darker
in color.
Color. Above mixed black and buff, lightest on rump and sides;
nape cinnamon rufous, crown of head like back but darker; orbital
ring whitish; breast ochraceous buff; rest of under parts white; thighs
gray; legs cinnamon rufous with a white line on inner side, including
the hind foot, but only reaching the wrist on fore legs; ears gray,
fringed with pale buff on anterior margin, changing to black near tip;
interior of ears whitish; tail mixed reddish brown and black above,
white beneath.
Measurements. Total length, 430; hind foot, 198; ear from crown,
71. Skull: greatest length, 82; basal length, 64; posterior margin of
palate to tip of hamular process, 17; zygomatic breadth, 39; inter-
orbital constriction, 20; greatest length of nasals, 37; greatest breadth
of nasals, 16; length of incisive foramina, 21; length of upper molar
series, 14; length of mandible, 62; lower molar series, 14.6.
floridanus holzneri (Lepus), Mearns, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1896,
p-554. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., rgo1, p. 284.
rigidus. Mearns, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 18, 1895, p.555. (Wunter
pelage.) ;
HouzNer’s Hare.
Type locality. Near the summit of Huachuca Mountains, south-
ern Arizona.
Geogr. Distr. Southern Arizona and northern New Mexico to
northern Mexico in States of Sonora and Chihuahua.
Genl. Char... Size large; ears rather short; hind feet long; colors
dark; nasals extending beyond premaxille.
420 LEPUS,
Color. Summer Pelage. Upper sides of head and back to rump
vinaceous cinnamon mixed with gray and black; thighs and rump
whitish gray, lined with black; beneath white, tinged with yellowish;
pectoral band clay color; nape tawny; legs tawny, the inner side
brownish white; ears reddish brown, gray, and black mixed, bor-
dered anteriorly for basal two-thirds with white; tail above yellowish
brown grizzled, beneath white.
Winter Pelage. Above gray, lined with black, washed with clay-
color on back, hips, and ventral border; sides and thighs gray, lined
with black; under parts grayish white on breast, tinged with clay-
color, remainder pure white; orbital region whitish; nape russet;
top and sides of head gray, washed with yellowish brown; tail grayish
brown above, hairs tipped with hoary, beneath pure white; feet
whitish; ears grayish white on lower part passing into gray mixed
with black, with a narrow black band on terminal half and edged
with white; inner side grayish white.
Measurements. Total length, 415; tail vertebre, 64; ear from
crown, 77; from notch, 65; hind foot, 99.5.
430. verzcrucis (Lepus), Thomas, Proc. Zoél. Soc., 1890, p. 74, pl.
VII.
VeRA Cruz Hare.
Type locality. Las Vigas, Jalapa, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. State of Vera Cruz, Mexico; range unknown.
Genl. Char. Similar to L. floridanus, but larger, ears longer.
Color. Upper parts yellowish brown mixed with black; nape pale
rufous; face grayish yellow and black; orbital ring pale cream color;
ears pale gray, tips and outer edges blackish; inner surface yellowish;
under parts yellowish gray; legs pale orange yellow or orange gray ; tail
above grayish brown; beneath white.
Measurements. Total length, 492; tail vertebra, 32; hind foot,
104; ear from crown, 90. Skull: greatest length, 85; basal length, 69.5;
length of nasals, 36; interorbital constriction, 19.4: length of inter-
parietal, 5.3; length of palatine foramen, 20.4; of upper tooth row,
crowns, 14; length of lower jaw to tips of incisors, 68.
431. russatus (Lepus), Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1904, p. 31.
Russet Hare.
Type locality. Pasa Nueva, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Pelage coarse, harsh. Audital bulle very large.
Color. Top of-head and upper parts of body and tail pale brownish
russet, varied with dark brown; sides and hips varied creamy white;
nape, anterior surface of fore legs, and outer side of hind legs ferru-
gineous; cheeks and sides of neck like back, lined with black; pectoral
—
LEPUS, 421
band clay color; ventral surface yellowish white; upper surface of hind
feet creamy white; ears externally grayish brown tinged with pale
russet, blackish on apical third.
Measurements. Total length, 450; tail vertebra, 42; hind foot, 80;
ear from crown (dry skin), 62. Skull: occipital-nasal length, 78.5;
basal length, 63; zygomatic width, 53.2; interorbital constriction, 17;
mastoid breadth, 28; width of braincase, 25; length of nasals, 36;
palatal bridge, 7.5; length of upper tooth row, 6.5; length of lower jaw,
55; height of condyle, 35.
432. parvulus (Lepus), Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1904, p. 34.
LitTLE Hare.
Type locality. Apam, southern part of State of Hidalgo, Mexico.
Color. Above pale buff varied with black, slightly grayish on
rump; chin, throat, and central ventral surface yellowish white; pec-
toral band broad, pale rusty brown; nape pale ferrugineous; sides of
head buffy brown; upper surface of the feet pale rusty; hind feet deep
buff; ears externally buffy grayish brown, internally pale yellowish
brown with a deep buff edge; tail above blackish, tips of hairs buffy
gray.
Measurements. Total length, 390; hind foot, 75; ear 65. Skull:
occipito-nasal length, 65; basal length, 54.5; zygomatic width, 33;
interorbital constriction, 18.4; mastoid breadth, 27; width of brain-
case, 25; length of nasals, 25; posterior width of nasals, 13.5; palatal
bridge, 5.2; length of upper tooth row, ro; length of palatal foramina,
14.5; length of mandible, 43; height at angle, 25.5.
433 insolitus (Lepus), Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1890,
p. 189.
PLAINS HARE.
Type locality. Plains of Colima, State of Jalisco, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. State of Jalisco, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Similar to L. floridanus, but larger and paler.
Malar with a deep groove on the outer surface of the anterior half;
postorbital processes not fused with the braincase, merely touching it.
Color. Upper parts sandy buff and black; sides grayish; nape
and fore legs externally rufous; breast yellowish brown; rest of under
parts white; hind leg externally yellowish brown; fore feet brownish
yellow; hind feet white, as is also the anterior edge of leg; orbital
ring buffy gray; tail and rump pale rusty brown and black; ears
brownish gray, edge and tip blackish.
Measurements. Total length, 440; tail to end of hairs, 40; hind
foot, 92; ear from crown, 78. Skull: total length, 83; basilar length,
66; greatest width, 39; interorbital constriction, 21; length of nasals,
422 LEPUS.
34; of palatine foramen, 21; of upper molar series at crown, 22.5;
length of lower jaw, 58; height at condyle, 40.
434. auduboni (Lepus), Baird, N. Am. Mamm., 1857, p. 608, pls.
XIII, XLVII, fig. 2. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 283.
AuDUBON’sS HARE.
Type locality. San Francisco, California.
Geogr. Distr. Lower California, Mexico, from Cape St. Lucas to
vicinity of San Francisco, California.
Genl. Char. Size smaller than that of L. 7. mallurus; ears longer
than head; tail long.
Color. Above pale yellowish brown mixed with black; sides
paler, with little or no black; nape pale rufous; fore feet above pale
yellowish and rusty; hind feet whitish, sides rusty; pectoral band
pale yellowish brown; under parts white; ears dark brown, the hairs
with pale yellowish tips, so that this hue predominates, grading into
black or brownish black at tips; tail above like back, beneath black.
Measurements. Total length, 457; tail vertebra, 38; hind foot,
89; ear from notch, 70. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 69; Hensel, 53;
zygomatic width, 32; lateral length of nasals, 30; median length of
nasals, 23; posterior width of nasals, 17; anterior width of nasals, 8;
length of lower jaw to end of incisors, 35; height at condyle, 31.
435. sanctidiegi (Lepus), Miller, Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil., 1899,
p. 389. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1gor, p. 283.
San Dreco Hare.
Type locality. Mexican boundary line, monument No. 258, shore
of Pacific Ocean, San Diego County, California.
Geogr. Distr. Northern Mexico to southwestern California.
Genl. Char. Similar to L. audubont, but paler.
Color. Above grizzle of black and light cream buff; sides paler;
rump whitish gray; nape ochraceous buff; tail dark brown above,
white beneath; ears gray, lower half paler than crown of head, which
is like the back; orbital ring whitish; chin and throat white, tinged
with plumbeous; lower part of throat and chest cream buff; legs
ochraceous buff; fore feet cream buff; hind feet white; white of belly
reaching to wrists and back of hind feet.
Measurements. Total length, 385; tail vertebre, 63; hind foot,
85; ear from crown, 78. Skull: greatest length, 69; basal length, 56;
posterior margin of palate to tip of hamular process, 16.4; zygomatic
breadth, 33; interorbital constriction, 19; length of nasals, 29; great-
est width of nasals, 13.6; length of upper molar series, 12.8; length
of incisive foramina, 6; length of mandible, 50; of lower molar
series, 13.6.
LEPUS, 423
436. arizone (Lepus), Allen, Mon. N. Am. Rod., 1877, p. 332.
Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., rgo1, p. 285.
ARIZONA Hare.
Type locality. Beale’s Springs, fifty miles west of Fort Whipple,
Yavapai County, Arizona.
Geogr. Distr. Lower California and State of Sonora, Mexico,
north to Deserts of Arizona, and the Chiricahua and Huachuca
Mountains, (but not to the White Mountains,) up to 8,500 feet.
Genl. Char. Smaller than L. nuttalli, but similar; ears much
longer and broader.
Color. Above pale yellowish gray, mixed sparingly with black;
nape yellowish fulvous; sides pale gray, mixed sometimes with pale
brown; chin white; pectoral band yellowish; rest of under parts
white; feet pale yellowish brown; tail above darker than back, yellow
brown, beneath white; ears pale grayish brown, outer edge whitish.
Winter specimens are heavily lined with black above and on sides.
Measurements. Total length, 340-383; tail vertebra, 35-54;
hind foot, 76-94; ear, 69-78. Skull: total length, 65; greatest width,
35; interorbital constriction, 17; length of nasals, 28; upper molar
series, 12; length of lower jaw, 46.
a.—major (Lepus), Mearns, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1896, p. 557.
Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., rgor, p. 286.
GREATER DeEserT HARE.
Type locality. Calabasas, Pima County, Arizona.
Geogr. Distr. Poso de Luis, State of Sonora, to the basin of the
Mimbres, State of Chihuahua, Mexico, and northward to Colorado
Plateau of Arizona.
Genl. Char. ‘Similar to L. arizone, but larger, more reddish and
darker.’
Color. Above grayish drab, tinged with cinnamon, lined with
black; sides paler; rump iron gray; nape and outer surface of limbs
dull cinnamon; ears pale grayish on inner side, drab mixed with gray
and black on outer side, tips black; pectoral band clay color; rest of
under parts white.
Measurements. Total length to end of hairs of tail, 430; tail ver-
tebre, 42; hind foot, 92; ear from notch, 69 (skin.)
b.—minor (Lepus), Mearns, Proc. U. S. Nat. Musi, 1896, p. 557.
Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1gor, p. 286.
LESSER DeserRT HARE.
Type locality. El Paso, El Paso County, Texas.
Geogr. Distr. State of Chihuahua, Mexico. ‘‘ Plains of Colorado,
southward tothe Rio Grande, and westward to the elevated central
424 LEPUS,
tract, where it intergrades with L. a. major in the pass between the
southern end of the Rocky Mountains and northern extremity of the
Sierra Madre.”’
Genl. Char. Smaller than L. arizone; ears short, colors pale.
Rostrum more elongate; mandible stouter and higher, and audital
bulle larger.
Color. Above yellowish brown, lined with black; rump grayish
white, lined with black; sides yellowish gray, with a buff lateral line;
head gray, tinged with yellowish brown on cheeks and crown; nape
light cinnamon; fore legs wood brown; hind feet above white; pec-
toral band yellowish gray, rest of under parts white; tail above dusky,
hairs tipped with yellowish brown and gray, beneath white; ears
grayish white on dorsal surface behind, and gray mixed with yel-
lowish brown and black in front, basal two-thirds of front edge
white, tips black.
Measurements. Average total length, 345; tail vertebra, 50.2;
hind foot, 83.4; ear from notch, 65.8. Skull: occipito-nasal length,
29; Hensel, 46; zygomatic width, 32; lateral length of nasals, 34;
medium length of nasals, 18; posterior width of nasals, 11; anterior
width of nasals, 7; length of lower jaw to end of incisors, 46.5; height
of condyle, 27.
ce.—confinis (Lepus), Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1898,
pe.r4o,
ALLIED HARE.
Type locality. Playa Maria, Lower California, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Lower California, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Similar to L. aritzone, but darker.
Color. Upper parts dark grayish brown, mixed with black and
pale brown; side pale grayish brown; top of nose and head to occiput
like back; nape pale fulvous; side of head and nose mixed light gray
and brown; pectoral band yellowish brown on sides, yellowish white
in center; chin, upper part of throat, and rest of under parts white,
the plumbeous base of the hairs showing; fore legs dark buff; hind
legs gray; under sides of feet reddish brown; tail almost invisible,
like back; ears on outside brownish black, reddish towards anterior
edges, black inside.
Measurements. Total length, 310; hind foot, 61; ear from
notch, 65. (ex Type.) Skull: total length, 60.5; basal length, 53;
zygomatic breadth, 29; interorbital constriction, 9.5; length of
nasals, 24.5; breadth of nasals posteriorly, 10.5.
437. durange (Lepus), Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1903,
p. 609.
LEPUS. 425
DuRANGO Hare.
Type locality. Rancho Bailon, State of Durango, Mexico. Alti-
tude, 7,800 feet.
Genl. Char. “Size of Lepus insolitus, but much less varied with
black, and the general coloration much paler, except the nape patch,
the legs, and feet, which are of the same deep rufous as in L. inso-
litus. In other respects the coloration is not distinctly different
from that of L. a. major, collected at the same locality. From the
latter it differs in being twice as large (in general bulk), and from
both L. wmsolitus and L. a. major in important cranial characters.
Skull similar in general contour to that of L. a. major, but very
much larger, with actually smaller audital bulle.”’
Measurements. Total length, 457; head and body, 406; tail ver-
tebre, 51; hind foot without claws, 95; ear from notch, 76. Skull:
total length, 79; basilar length, 60; zygomatic breadth, 36.3; length
of nasals, 35; width of nasals, posteriorly, 16; anteriorly, 9; alveolar
length of upper tooth row, 13.3; length of lower jaw, 55; height of
condyle, 30; alveolar length of lower tooth row, 13.6.’’ (Allen, 1. c.)
438. orizabze (Lepus), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., vim1, 1893,
Pakage
Or1zABA HARE.
Type locality. Mt. Orizaba, State of Puebla, Mexico. Altitude
about 9,500 feet.
Geogr. Distr. State of Puebla, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Similar to L. arizone, but darker; audital bulle
smaller.
Color. Upper parts except rump deep clay color and black;
rump and flanks mixed gray and black; nape patch and feet fulvous;
breast drab mixed with buffy; rest of under parts white; tail above
grizzled drab gray, and buff, beneath white; ears grayish brown,
edge near tip brown.
Measurements. Total length, 395; tail vertebre, 51; hind foot, go.
439. nuttalli (Lepus), Bachm., Jour. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil., 1837,
p. 345, pl. 22. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., toor, p. 284.
artemisia. Bachm., Jour. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil., 1839, p. 94.
NutTtaL_’s Hare.
Type locality. Plains of the Columbia near Walla Walla.
Geogr. Distr. State of Sonora, Mexico, north to 49th parallel.
Genl. Char. Size small; colors pale; ear short.
Color. Above yellowish gray mixed with black and brown; rump
light gray and sides of body whitish yellow; nape pale cinnamon;
pectoral band light buff, rest of under parts white; fore legs buffy
.
426 LEPUS.
white above; hind legs white; tail above like rump, beneath, white;
ears pale yellowish brown and black, edged with white.
Measurements. Total length, 420; hind foot, 50; ear, 50. Skull:
total length, 70; greatest width, 35; interorbital constriction, 18;
length of nasals, 31; width of nasals posteriorly, 14; length of upper
molar series, 12; length of lower jaw, 47.
440. graysoni (Lepus), Allen, Mon. N. Am. Rodent., 1877, p. 347.
GRrayson’s Hare.
Type locality. Maria Madre Island, Tres Marias Islands, State of
Jalisco, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Tres Marias Islands, State of Jalisco, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Ear very short; colors pale.
Color. Upper parts pale cinnamon brown mixed with blackish
brown; sides and rump paler; throat brown, rest of under parts white;
outer surface of legs reddish brown, inner surface whitish; ears yellow-
ish brown mixed with black at base, blackish brown toward tip; tail
above blackish brown, beneath white; orbital ring pale brown.
Measurements. Total length, 388-433; tail vertebre, 19-25; hind
foot, 88; ear, 57. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 75; Hensel, 60; zygo-
matic width, 37; interorbital width, 18; median length of nasals, 24.5;
lateral length of nasals, 30; posterior width of nasals, 14.5; anterior
width of nasals, 9; palatal length, 30; length of upper tooth row, 13;
length of mandible, angle to tip of incisors, 60; length of lower tooth
TOW, I4.
C. Tapeti.
“Skull like that of Lepus, but the hinder supraorbital notch narrow,
lobes short with a sharp inner edge; the front of the lower edge of the
zygoma dilated, sharp-edged, porous above, hinder nasal opening
rather narrow. Tailnone. Earsshort.’’ (Gray,l.c.)
KEY TO THESSPECIES.
A. Ears very short; tail practically none. PAGE
a. Upper parts cinnamon brown’and black.......... L. gabbi 426
b. Upper parts tawny ferrugineous and black..... L.incttatus 428
441. gabbi (Lepus), Allen, Mon. N. Am. Rodent., 1877, p. 349.
GasBB’s HARE.
Type locality. Talamanca, Costa Rica.
Geogr. Distr. Costa Rica.
Genl. Char. Ears very short; tail practically none.
Color. Above cinnamon brown and black; top of head yellow,
ferrugineous, and black; sides of head yellowish brown varied with
a
LEPUS. 427
black; nape pale rufous: white spot bordered with brown behind
nostril; breast yellowish brown; chin, throat, and rest of under parts
white; outer side of legs rufous, inner whitish; tail above cinnamon
brown and black, beneath yellowish brown; ears pale rufous and black,
bordered narrowly with white.
Fic. 81. Lepus (TAPETI) Gapei.
Type U. S, Nat. Mus. Coll, “Nat, size.
Measurements. Total length about 300; ear, 66; hind foot, 75.
Skull: total length, 70; Hensel, 55; zygomatic width, 33; interorbital
width, 15; median length of nasals, 20: lateral length of nasals, 28:
palatal length, 27; length of upper tooth row, 13; length of mandible,
57; length of lower tooth row, Tee
428 LEPUS,
442. incitatus (Lepus), Bangs, Am. Nat. XXXvV., 1901, p. 633.
FLEET HARE.
Type locality. San Miguel Island, Bay of Panama.
Genl. Char. Similar to L. gabbi, but with a larger and heavier
skull; rostrum wider and heavier, more rounded and arched; bony
palate wider and longer; molar and incisor teeth heavier.
Color. Upper parts tawny ferrugineous; sides dull ochraceous; top
of head and middle of back mixed with black; nuchal patch, arms, and
outer side of legs bright tawny ferrugineous; superciliary stripe buffy
white; outer side of ear like back, tip dusky, outer border yellowish
white; under parts soiled white; sides of neck tawny ferrugineous;
under side isabella.
Measurements. Total length, 420; tail vertebre, 20; hind foot, 80;
ear from notch, 45. Skull: basal length, 57; occipito-nasal length,
74.6; zygomatic width, 35.4; mastoid width, 23.8; interorbital con-
striction, 16.2; length of nasals, 30.4; width of nasals, 13; length of
palatal bridge, (incisive foramina to palatal notch), 9; length of
incisive foramina, 17; width of incisive foramina, 6.4; upper tooth row,
alveolar border, 14.6; length of single half mandible, 56; lower tooth
row, alveolar border, 15.4.
D. Microlagus.
“Ears longer than hind foot; tail short; skull narrow, low, and
lightly ossified with postorbital process usually free, scarcely touching
cranium behind.’’ (Mearns.)
KEY TO THEPoPECIES:
PAGE
A. Above light fulvous brown and black.......... L.cerrosensis 428
B. Above yellowish, dark brown and black........ L. bachmant 429
C. Above grayish brown and black.
a... SNe ce. 5 oe es al L. cinerascens 429
b. Largegie. ... gan... igs pee 25. Sooo L. peninsularis 430
443. cerrosensis (Lepus), Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1898,
p- 145.
Cerros ISLAND HARE.
Type locality. Cerros or Cedros Island, off west coast of Lower
California, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Type locality only.
Color. Upper parts light fulvous brown, mixed with black; pec-
toral band pale yellowish brown; rest of under parts white; fore feet
fawn; hind feet yellowish white; tail dark gray above, white beneath;
ears grayish brown.
LEPUS, 429
Measurements. Total length, 310; tail vertebre, 25; hind foot,
54; ear from notch, 46. Skull: total length, 58; basal length, 49;
greatest zygomatic breadth, 28.5; postorbital constriction, 10; length
of nasals, 12; width posteriorly, 9.
444, bachmani (Lepus), Waterh., Proc. Zodl. Soc., 1838, p. 103.
Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., rgo1, p. 281.
trowbridgit, Baird. Journ. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil., 1855, p. 333.
BacHMAN’s Woop Hare. Conejo in Mexico.
Type locality. Southwest coast of North America, probably
California.
Geogr. Distr. Cape St. Lucas, Lower California, Mexico, to Fort
Crook, California.
Genl. Char. Similar to L. auduboni, but smaller; ears equal
to head in length; hind feet short; tail almost rudimentary; ears
uniformly gray.
Color. Above yellowish brown, mixed with dark brown; throat,
chest, and sides paler; beneath dusky gray, sometimes whitish; nape
light rufous; legs and hind feet whitish, tinged with rufous; ears gray,
at extreme base rusty, no black edging at tip; fur everywhere lead-
color at base.
Measurements. Total length, 380; tail vertebre, 30; hind foot,
75; ear, 61. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 72.5;, Hensel, 54; inter-
orbital constriction, 17; median length of nasals, 21; lateral length
of nasals, 29; width of nasals posteriorly, 16.5; anterior width of
nasals, 9; length of upper tooth row at alveolus, 19; length of lower
jaw to tip of incisors, 55; height at condyle, 32.
445. cinerascens (Lepus), Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1890,
p- 150. Elliot Syn. Nam. Mamm., roor, p. 287.
ASH-COLORED HARE.
Type locality. San Fernando, Los Angeles County, California.
Geogr. Distr. Lower California, Mexico, and deserts of southern
California.
Genl. Char. Similar to L. bachmant, but smaller and paler.
Color. Above gray and blackish brown mixed; nape pale rusty;
dorsal region pale buffy gray; sides pure gray; under parts white;
pectoral band brownish gray; fore legs yellowish brown; hind feet
grayish brown; tail above dark gray, beneath white; ears brownish gray.
Measurements. Total length, 294; tail, 24; hind foot, 63; ear
from notch, 58. Skull: total length, 62; basilar length, 48; width at
postorbital constriction, 10; length of nasals, 25; posterior width of
nasals, 12; length of upper molar series, at alveolar border, 6;
length of lower jaw, 42; height at condyle, 27.
430 LEPUS.
Fig. 82. LEPUS (MICROLAGUS) CINERASCENS.
No. 60886 U.S. Nat. Mus. Coll. Nat size
446. peninsularis (Lepus), Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1898
p. 144.
LOWER CALIFORNIA HARE.
’
[ype locality. Santa Anita, Lower California, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Cape Region of Lower California, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Similar to L. cinerascens, but paler.
Color. Upper parts pale grayish brown and black, darkest on
dorsal region; sides grayer and paler; under parts and hind feet white;
fore feet brownish white.
Measurements. Total length, 324; tail vertebre, 20; hind foot,
73; ear, 61. Skull: total length, 6r.5; basal length, 52; greatest
vygomatic breadth, 30; width of postorbital constriction, 9.5; length
of nasals, 26; posterior width of nasals, 11; length of upper molar
series, 11.5; length of lower jaw, 43; height at condyle, 25.
FIELD COLUMBIAN MUSEUM. PLATE XLI, ZOOLOGY.
LEPUS T. EREMICUS.
No. 1031 Field Columbian Mus. Coll. Nat. size
LEPUS. 431
E. Macrotolagus.
Interparietal obliterated in adults; skull twice as long as wide;
postorbital processes large, arching, and united to cranium by a
suture, and inclosing a wide and long foramen; nasals lengthened;
upper front incisors without distinct lateral groove; ear longer than
hind foot.
KEYSO Tee sPECIES AND SUBSPEGIES.
A. Ears very large, longer than hind foot.
a. Ears black at base.
a.’ Nape of neck black. PAGE
a.’” Above yellowish brown and black....... L: callotts 431
b.’” Above grayish fawn and black........ L. merriamt 432
be Nape Oebraceouagoull. 28).........00...: L. gallard: 433
CeeNapewperer DUM... 02. -... voces. ous Lee. bativim ass
Pee Nel Demy OUST... coud sd eae L, allent 433
ey Napesmmimbeotsigun ta... :.... cade. -- L. a. palitans 434
b. Ears without black at base, fringed with
white or yellowish white.
a.’ Ears broccoli brown; nape grizzled black
Fit LO GR re Lo, -aSelits. 43's
b.’ Ears grizzled black and brown; nape pale
VeGumaisit) OLOWMAM tr... mee eee L. t. eremicus 435
c.’ Ears brownish gray; nape grayish white.
a,’ Sid foot, MimemmmiGnd. |... ea. Leen. L. t. griseus 436
i. Mid TOOtQMmERN Iai. 6... oe... 2 L. t. micropus 436
d.’ Ears pale drab; nape pale yellowish
RON we. A Ltt deserticola 437
e.’ Ears dark brown; nape smoky gray; size
large imc) fomrmtememnim ..\3. yes... L. californicus 437
m Palerand smater: bind -foot; r20mm..... 4, 6, some 438
g.’ Ears gray.
a.’ Upper parts black; beneath pale vina-
COMMS CUMpmmMO Mi. . . 5. we sPleutue We ens L. insularis 438
b.” Upper parts steel gray and black; be-
neath whitish, washed with salmon....L. martirensis 439
447. callotis (Lepus), Wagl., Nat. Syst. Amph., 1830, p. 23. Elliot,
Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 288.
nigricaudatus, Bennett, Proc. Zodl. Soc., 1833, p. 41:
mexicanus (Licht.) Richards 6th Rep. Brit. Assoc., 1837, p. 150.
flavigularis, Wagl. Suppl. Schreib. Saugeth. Iv, 1844, p. 107.
BEAUTIFUL-EARED JACK Rassit. Liebre in Mexico.
Type locality. “Mexico.”
432 LEPUS.
Geogr. Distr. Through Mexico to Tehuantepec.
Genl. Char. Size large; similar to L. texensis Waterh., but the
black on tips of ears almost obsolete, quite so in some specimens,
the tips being pale yellowish or white.
Color. Above yellowish brown, mixed with black; sides paler;
rump and thighs whitish ash, lined with black, and a black line in
center of rump; nape black in summer; pectoral collar and throat
pale brownish yellow; rest of under parts and hind feet white; outer
surface of fore legs ashy gray, lined faintly with black; whitish spot
on head; ears brownish yellow with yellowish white edging, usually
white at tips; tail above black, beneath brownish gray.
Measurements. Total length, 560; tail vertebra, 57; hind foot,
142; ear, height posteriorly, 137. Skull: total length, 47.5; greatest
width, 44.5; interorbital constriction, 23; length of nasals, 45; pos-
terior width of nasals, 46; length of upper molar series, 14; length of
lower jaw, 67; height of lower jaw, 33.
448. merriami (Lepus), Mearns, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1896,
p. 444. Elliot Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1gor1, p. 289.
texensis, Aud. & Bachm., N. Am. Quad., 1, 1853, p. 156, pl.
CXXEIMI.
MERRIAM’S JACK RABBIT.
Type locality. Fort Clark, Kinney County, Texas.
Geogr. Distr. Northern Mexico near boundary line and “ Lower
Gulf Coast to mouth of the Rio Grande, and up that stream to mouth
of the Devil’s River.”’
Genl. Char. Similar to L. callotis; ears shorter and tipped with black.
Color. Above grayish fawn mixed with black; nape black; sides
of rump, thighs, and legs grayish white, lined with black; a black
line on middle of rump; gular area clay color; rest of under parts
white except a cream buff patch on sides of abdomen, such as are
usually seen before the thighs; tail above black, beneath white; ears
on anterior surface yellowish brown, mixed with black, the border
buff, succeeded by a narrow black line; inner surface with base and
tip black, intermediate space grayish white; inside ears buff with an
elongated black patch near outer edge; the border is white at base,
then buff, and black at tip.
Measurements. Total length, 570; tail vertebre, 75; hind foot,
123; ear from crown, 142. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 90; Hensel,
72; zygomatic width, 41; interorbital constriction, 26; median length
of nasals, 31; posterior width of nasals, 20.5; length of frontals, 37;
of parietals, 18; palatal length, 9.5; length of lower jaw from tips of
incisors, 71; height at condyle, 37.
LEPUS., 433
449. gaillardi (Lepus), Mearns, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1896, p. 560.
Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., rgor, p. 289.
GAILLARD’s JACK RABBIT.
Type locality. Plagas Valley, near its west fork, near Monument
No. 63, Mexican boundary line, Grant County, New Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. State of Sonora, Mexico, into plain east of the San
Luis Mountains, at the head of the Rio Yaqui, and east of that river’s
watershed. Extent of range unknown.
Genl. Char. Similar to L. callotis, but more yellowish; ears
smaller; no black patch on nape. Skull: nasals long and very wide;
supraorbital processes elevated, massive.
Color. Head cream buff and black; whitish area about eye;
nape ochraceous buff; back pale ochraceous cinnamon, mixed with
black; rump and thighs white with a few black hairs; sides and under
parts white; limbs white, washed with buff on outer side; gular patch
buff; sides of neck and front of shoulders ochraceous; ears yellowish
brown, mixed with black anteriorly, white posteriorly, tips white,
fringe on anterior edge ochraceous buff, of tips and posterior edge
white; tail above black with many white-tipped hairs, beneath white.
But little difference between summer and winter pelages.
Measurements. Total length, 530; tail vertebre, 77; ear from
crown, 146; hind foot, 131.
a—battyi (Lepus), Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1903, p. 607.
Batry’s JACKASS RABBIT.
Type locality. Rancho Santuario, State of Durango, Mexico.
Genl. Char. ‘‘Similar to L. galliardi, but much smaller, the gen-
eral coloration yellower and less rufescent, especially the under fur;
prepectoral collar much paler, nearly white, or pale brownish white
instead of buff; front of fore feet grayish white instead of buffy white,
and upper surface of hind feet clearer or purer white; extreme ter-
minal portion (about 25 mm.) of anterior border of ear blackish in
both forms.”
Measurements. ‘‘Type, total length, 511; head and body, 451;
tail vertebre, 60; hind foot without claws, 122; ear from notch, 127;
from crown, 140. Skull: total length, 92; basal length, 82; zygo-
matic breadth, 41; greatest breadth across supraorbital processes, 31;
postorbital constriction, 11; length of nasals, 40; anterior width of
nasals, 11; posterior width of nasals, 20; palatal length, 9; length of
premolar-molar series (alveolar border), 17.’’ (Allen, 1. c.)
450. alleni (Lepus), Mearns, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 18go, p.
294. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., rgor, p. 288.
434 LEPUS.
Fic. LVIIl. LEPUS ALLENI. ALLEN’S JACK RABBIT.
ALLEN’S JACK RABBIT.
Type locality. Rillito Station, Southern Pacific Railroad, Pima
County, Arizona.
Geogr. Distr. Desert region between Phoenix and _ Benson,
Arizona. Mexico?
Genl. Char. Size large; ears large; fulvous gular patch.
Color. Above yellowish brown, mixed with black; nape fulvous;
sides, hips, rump, and outer side of legs white, mixed with black, giving
a gray effect; pectoral band fulvous, rest of under parts white; head
pale yellowish gray; feet white above; tail above gray, with a line of
plumbeous black extending onto the rump, beneath white; ears
whitish, with fringe white.
Measurements. Total length, 643; tail vertebra, 69; hind foot,
138; ear from notch, 156. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 108; Hensel,
86; zygomatic width, 48; median nasal length, 34; lateral length of
nasals, 45; posterior width of nasals, 36; anterior width of nasals,
16; palatal length to tip of azygos termination, 11; length of upper
tooth row, 19; length of frontals, 47; of parietals, 16; length of lower
jaw from tips of incisors to angle, 84; height at condyle, 43.
a.—palitans (Lepus), Bangs, Proc. New Eng. Zo6l. Club, 1, 1900, p. 85.
WANDERING JACK RABBIT.
Type locality. Agua Caliente, forty miles southeast of Mazatlan,
State of Sinaloa, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. State of Sinaloa, Mexico; range unknown.
Genl. Char. Similar to L. allent, but smaller and darker; ear
shorter; rostrum broader and shorter.
LEPUS. 435
Color.. Above yellowish brown; sides gray; flanks and rump
white; chin, throat, and under parts, except neck, and inner side of
legs white; under side of neck cinnamon; nape plumbeous; head
grizzled gray; orbital ring whitish; tail above blackish, beneath white;
ears naked except white fringe on edges.
Measurements, Ear from notch, 126; from crown, 150; hind foot,
129. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 95.4; zygomatic width, 46.2; inter-
orbital constriction, 22; length of nasals, 42.2; greatest width of
nasals, 23.6; length of upper tooth row, 16.4.
451. asellus (Lepus), Miller, Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil., 1899,
p-. 380.
DonKEY JAcK RaAspir.
Type locality. City of San Luis Potosi, State of San Luis Potosi,
Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. State of San Luis Potosi, Mexico; range unknown.
Genl. Char. Similar to L. merriami, with longer ears and shorter
tail.
Color. Above grizzled black and white; dorsal line darkest;
rump and sides paler; under parts white, tinged with bluish gray;
collar buff; limbs smoky gray, tinged with broccoli brown on fore
legs and feet; hind feet white; a white line on fore legs to wrist, and
one on hind legs to feet; orbital ring whitish; nape grizzled like back;
ears broccoli brown, edges buff, tip black; tail above black, below
grayish white.
Measurements. Total length, 558; tail vertebre, 62; hind foot,
120; ear from crown, 175. Skull: greatest length, 100; basal length,
84; zygomatic width, 44; interorbital constriction, 30; lateral length
of palate, 7; posterior margin of palate to tip of hamular process, 21;
length of nasals, 43; greatest width of nasals, 22; upper molar series,
16.8; length of incisive foramina, 10.4; length of mandible, 74; length
of lower molar series, 17.
texensis eremicus, Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., rgor, p. 291.
texianus (sic) eremicus (Lepus), Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat.
Hist., 1894, paeea7.,
DeEserT JACK RAsBIrT.
Type locality. Fairbank, Cochise County, Arizona.
Geogr. Distr. State of Sonora, Mexico, north to the White Moun-
tain region, southeastern Arizona.
Genl. Char. Similar to L. texensis, but smalleg
Color. Above pale yellowish brown and black, darker on head
and tinged with rufous; nape pale yellowish brown; flanks yellowish
white, grading into the pure white of under parts; spot on rump
436 LEPUS.
black; broad fulvous band on lower part of throat and breast; rest
of under parts and inside of legs white; outer side of legs pale yel-
lowish brown; tail above black, beneath whitish; ears outside yel-
lowish brown, finely grizzled with black and fringed with white on
edges; inside grayish, grizzled brown inside the white edge.
Measurements. Total length, 565; tail vertebre, 74; hind foot,
123; ear from crown, 128. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 94; Hensel,
76; zygomatic width, 42; lateral nasal length, 37; median nasal
length, 29; posterior nasal width, 20; anterior nasal width, 14; length
of lower jaw to end of incisors, 72; height at condyle, 4o.
texensis Sriseus, Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., rgot, p. 291.
texianus (sic) griseus (Lepus), Mearns, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus.,
1896, p. 562.
Gray DESERT JACK RABBIT.
Type locality. Fort Hancock, El Paso County, Texas.
Geogr. Distr. States of Coahuila and Chihuahua, Mexico, north
to upper Rio Grande from Maverick and Kinney Counties, Texas, to
Grant County, New Mexico.
Genl. Char. Size about equal to that of L. californicus; ear larger.
Color. Winter Pelage. Above brownish gray, lined with black;
rump and thighs gray; sides gray, lined sparsely with black and
tinged with yellowish brown; nape grayish white; top of head brownish
gray mixed with black; sides of head and neck tinged with yellowish
brown; gular patch grayish clay color; rest of under parts white;
legs gray, tinged with clay color; tail above black, this color extending
over and dividing the gray on the rump, beneath brownish; ears
brownish gray on outside anteriorly, with brownish white fringes,
posteriorly white, tipped with black and fringed with white.
Measurements. Total length, 559.2; tail vertebra, 91.5; hind
foot, 127; ear from crown, 152.8.
texvensis micropus.
t ianus (sic) micropus (Lepus), Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.,
1903, p. 605.
SMALL-FOOTED HARE.
Type locality. Rio del Bocas, State of Durango, Mexico. Alti-
tude, 6,800 feet.
Genl. Char. ‘‘Similar to L. t. eremicus and L. t. griseus, but more
brownish gray than the latter, and large-bodied, with shorter tail,
smaller hind feet, and larger ears than either, and with less fulvous
along the sides of the body; prepectoral area paler and more grayish.”
Measurements. ‘‘Type, total length, 535; head and body, 450;
tail vertebre, 76; hind foot, 114; ear from notch, 133; from crown,
ae
LEPUS. 437
175. Eight males. Total length, 564 (535-587); head and body,
493 (459-514); tail vertebre, 71 (64-83); hind foot, 116 (108-127);
ear from notch, 136.4 (133-146). Eleven females. Total length,
599 (559-626); head and body, 524 (483-546); tail vertebre, 73.7
(64-89); hind foot, without claws, 118 (108-124); ear from notch, 137
(130-145).’’ (Allen, 1. c.)
texensis deserticola, Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., rgot, p. 291.
tex1anus (sic) deserticola (Lepus), Mearns, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus.,
£S, 1896, pe 564.
WESTERN DESERT RABBIT.
Type locality. Western edge of the Colorado Desert, at base of
Coast Range Mountains, in San Diego County, California.
Geogr. Distr. State of Sonora, Mexico, and the desert region
between the Sonoyta Valley of Arizona and Sonora, and the Coast
Range Mountains of California; Lower California, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Size of L. californicus, with larger ears; colors pale.
Color. Above clay color, mixed with gray and black; sides and
gular patch ochraceous; beneath tinged with ochraceous buff; ear
pale drab and white, as usually seen, tipped with black on under side.
Measurements. Total length, 560; tail vertebrze, 110; hind foot,
125; ear from crown, 158. Skull: total length, 92.5; occipito-nasal
length, 90; Hensel, 72; zygomatic width, 42; width between orbits,
26; median nasal length, 29; lateral nasal length, 38; width of palatal
bridge at tip of azygos, 8; length of incisive foramina, 22; posterior
width of incisive foramina, 10; length of upper tooth row, alveolar
border, 16; mandibular length, angle to alveolus of incisor, 63; height
at coronoid process, 37.
452. californicus (Lepus), Gray, Charlesw. Mag. Nat. Hist., 1, 1837,
p. 596, Bachme, Journ. Acad. Nat. Scien. Plul., 16309; p. 86.
Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 291.
bennettt, Gray Zool. Sulphur, 1844, p. 36, pl. 14.
richardsont, Bachm. Journ. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil., 1839, p. 88.
CALIFORNIA JACK RABBIT.
Type locahty. “St. Antoine,’
fornia.
Geogr. Distr. Lower California, Mexico, from Cape St. Lucas to
northern California.
Genl. Char. Size large; ears and hind feet longer than the head;
hind feet shorter than the ears.
Color. Above yellowish brown, mixed with black; sides, rump,
and thighs tinged with cinnamon; head like back, darkest on the
crown; nape smoky gray; béneath white in center of belly and chin;
?
Santa Barbara County?, Cali-
438 LEPUS.
chest and fore legs pale yellowish brown; hind feet whitish; tail above
black, this color extending on the rump and dividing the gray sides;
beneath pale buff; ears dark brown, fringed anteriorly with white,
and with a fulvous white border posteriorly, tips brownish black.
Measurements. Total length, 545; tail vertebre, 107; hind foot,
161; ear from notch, 125; from crown, 155. Skull: occipito-nasal
length, 80; Hensel, 54; zygomatic breadth, 41; interorbital constric-
tion, 17; lateral length of nasals, 32; median length of nasals, 26;
posterior width of nasals, 18; anterior width of nasals, 11; length of
upper tooth row, 13; length of lower jaw to end of incisors, 61; height
at coronoid process, 36.
a.—xanti (Lepus), Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 7th Ser., 1, 1898,
Pp. 45.
LOWER CALIFORNIA JACK RABBIT.
Type locality. Santa Anita, Lower California, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Cape Region of Lower California, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Similar to L. californicus, but smaller and grayer.
Color. General color like pale L. calijornicus, with belly tinged
with darkish buff; ears gray outside, white inside; anterior fringe
white with black hairs intermixed; nape smoky gray or black.
Measurements. Total length, 540; tail, 63; hind foot, 120; ear
from notch, 125. Skull: ‘greatest length, 88; basilar length, 69;
greatest breadth, 41; diagonal length of nasals, 38; greatest breadth
of nasals, 17.6; intertemporal breadth with ledges, 22.6; without
ledges, 16.7; breadth of palatal bridge, 6; length of molar series,
alveolar border, 14.7.”
453. insularis (Lepus), Bryant, Proc. Calif. Acad. Scien., 2d Ser., 11,
LOOT ps (92,
edwardst, St. Loup, Bull. Mus. Paris, 1895, p. 5.
ESPERITO SANTO ISLAND JACK RABBIT.
Type locality. Esperito Santo Island, coast of Lower California,
Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Known only from type locality.
Genl. Char. Size equal to that of L. californicus.
Color. Above black; under parts pale vinaceous cinnamon,
darker on sides; cheeks gray; chin and orbital region grayish white;
throat cinnamon rufous; limbs and fore feet cinnamon rufous; hind
feet grayish white; toes brownish; tail black above, beneath cin-
namon rufous; ears blackish gray, tips black, inferior margin white.
Measurements. Total length about 450; tail, 100; hind foot,
t1o (dried skin). ;
LEPUS., 439
454. martirensis (Lepus), Stowell, Proc. Calif. Acad. Scien., 2d Ser.,
Vomeom, Pp. 51.
SAN Pepro Martir Jack RaBBir.
Type locality. La Grulla, San Pedro Martir Mountains, Lower
California, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. San Pedro Martir Range, Lower California, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Size of L. californicus; ears larger; color darker.
Color. Above mixed steel gray and black; sides lighter tinged
with rufous; chin and throat yellowish white; neck beneath gray;
breast and inner side of legs salmon; belly whitish, washed with
salmon; ears gray, apical half black.
Measurements. Total length, 603; tail vertebre, 95; hind foot,
126; ear from crown, 184. Skull: total length, 96; occipito-nasal
length, 91; Hensel, 75; zygomatic width, 41; breadth between orbits,
24.5; median length of nasals, 30; lateral length of nasals, 34.5;
posterior width of nasals, 17; width of palatal bridge to point of
azygos, 10; length of incisive foramina, 24; posterior width of incisive
foramina, 9; alveolar length of upper tooth row, 10; mandibular
length, angle to alveolus of incisor, 61; height at coronoid process, 36.
INDEX OF LATIN NAMES.
PAGE
ADELt MSCIEEUS) ..... cera. . cmeneeNe 112
END EODUN SMe i k's ss samaeee © « Saaaemeee 352
PNOTOGIIMENRG.... ska. «Mee 272
acapulcensis. (Cervus)! .. «vas. - 74
ENCOCONMERED Ss \.s . . A Siter » ove eee 272
AcodomeMOliviensis: ju... ... ees 272
WMecdommracd.... sigue. >. caer 273, 274
AcodoOM feguina ...u..... 273,274,275
ACODOMMePTICUS ..9m-.... vee 273,274
Acodon xerampelinus..:..... 273, 275
UXCLETMOMG ISIS’ .\.. >. Ropes <> cle eee 62
adocetus, (Citellus))........% I41, 152
adolphei. (Sciurus) ..98, 114, 126, 127
adspersus. (Heteromys) ..... 369, 373
edium. (Plagiodontia) ...... 395, 396
Ssuuanopee (OCLUILUS)err . ouae « siees 104
affinis. (Hesperomys) .......... 180
affinis. (Peromyscus) ....172, 180, 181
MSs (OCLUMITS) els ass > - « Lee 124
Agaplielis glawious .........ieeu. 40
ALSIISHeMCOIPOGOmyS) ..... 45 vey 3409, 351
agilisu(Perodipus) ..... scleen 349, 351
AcOutiee.: . . Maa: ss cee 403, 408
INS OUMUINDACA . Peas: «ai eee te 408
AgoutiapyViTgatae.. 4... eee 408, 409
Aooutitaczanowsiin.. «. sane 403, 408
INSOUPIGGON.« :..s0 skeet, > cameo 403
Ttene efell:), nn, Cee pemene e! ge 200
albigula. (Neotoma i.) ..278, 285, 286
albilabris. (Rhithrodontomys m.)
5.0 (iGo REMODRCREEIDDIa O8aG oc uo 258, 269
albinasus. (Pappogeomys) ...320, 321
alpigese ((oclurus)) ... 1 semeemeieee sal « ly
CUUDINOSTLIS SN ASUS)! 00. ale) ERA ess 66
albinastris. —((Llagassu).. Sama. - 66
albiventer. (Oryzomys) ..... 234, 230
albolimbatus. (Heteromys) ..374, 375
albolumbatus. (Scturusid))...... 0 3)
albriganus. (Delphinus)i7:)...... 55
alexandmimis, (Vitis) peer. 162, 164
Altai — (Oiy-zOnys) seen en: 234, 242
alfa, (SCHITUS ie. .ieime hack 94,99
alfari. (Sigmodontomys)..... 254, 255
PART i
PAGE
algeriensis. (Delphinus) ........ 55
Alia 3). . ahaa sf RRMA ed cos 47
alleni. (Heteromys) .....370, 374, 376
alleni. i(Hlodomiys) semen) 206, 2907
alleni, * (Lepisyr. . caamens 431, 433) 434
alleni (GNeapomia) Mamet. a 296, 297
allenion “(ScuntS) neers 95, 106, 108
alleniy V(Siemocdon) aes... as5 222, 224
allex: (Beromiyscus)))...)..2% 172,175
allophilus. (Peromyscus) ....172, 208
alope: (Prodelphinius).. 22 .5e as 58
EWsinoraiin — ((Ceibhormaiygs)) & Shoo ae 9
alstoni. (Neotomodon) ..292, 293, 294
ALSTON (OCIS) a.) cere oeeeee te 108
alticola. (Rhithrodontomys s.) ..
acy sdietatsha Gutbetemertiytey csdsaharskcl erent PN Hoye)
alticola. (Sigmondon)....... 224, 231
aliitcolas, @bbonmiomiys! 1.) eee Banas
altilaneus. (Peromyscus) ....175, 210
ambiguus. (Dipodomys m.).. 343, 346
americana. (Antilocapra)...... 82, 83
americana. (Antilope)......... 81, 82
americanus. “(Cervis)) sea ai 68
americanus. (Odontoccelus) .69, 70, 75
americanus. (Trichechus)....... 37
AMISORIRGR ... «cep eer eam itis L58
/Nangh anko aol Oi oc > nea b 0 6 Wome 209
Ammospermophilus ...... 139, 140, I4I
amoles. (Sigmodon a.) ...... 224,231
amplus. (Peromyscus) ...... 174, 205
angelensis. (Peromyscus b.)..173, 190
angulatum. (Dicotyles)......... 63
angulatum. (Tagassu)...62, 63, 64, 65
angusticeps. (Neotomai.) ...278, 285
angusticeps. (Oryzomys) ....235, 245
angustirostris. (Perognathus p.) .
5 OSS. 2 eRe > oS 7 eee 25 7a
angustirostris. (Platygeomys t.) .
SLED: oREEEEREA CIS <<) <) Sane 318, 319
aninee: | (Dhomomiysiaye.... 7... 333; 335
annectens. (Heteromys) .....369, 371
annulatus. (Citellus) ....141, 151,152
annulatus. (Spermopilus) ....... rit
ii
PAGE.
gnomalus, (Mus) ..fae.... cca 308
anthonyi. (Hesperomys)........ 185
anthonyi. (Neotoma) ....... 278, 283
anthonyi. (Perognathus) ....358, 366.
anthonyi. (Peromyscus)..172, 185, 186
anthonyi. (Sciufus) ..g2...: ae 130
antillarum. (Oryzomys) ..... 235, 247
antillensis. (Dasyprocta) ....... 407
ATITMOCA DTS... ox. bss sy RnR 81
Antilocapra americana ........:.. 82, 83
Antilocapra a. mexicana ....... 81, 82
Aintionspmae ..... igi... sae 81
Antilope americana ............ 81, 82
apache (Perognathus) ..........; 356
apache. (Seiurus) xg. oh 95,107, 110
apatelius. (Oryzomys j.).....235, 246
aphrastus. (Thomomys) .....334, 336
apricus. (Acodon t.) ..\.....a73)a
ACUavICUS, S(UenUS) . ames. am 414
aquaticus. (Oryzomys).......... 241
AT SOSCLUTIS wee Ce, ce a es OI, 94, 106
arboreus. (Peromyscus) ......:. 170
aroucus.) \(Onomnie iar... ka tee 51
Arctomys ludovicianus .......... 153
ASTCHOPUGMOCUB cd is bk <xise se Osh 21
Arctopithecus castaneiceps ....... 22
arenacea. (Neotoma)........277, 283
arenarius, (Geomys) ........ S10, 20a
arenarius. (Perognathus p.)......
SE GpSiCy chia Yah en Sty eS Pee 357, 358, 360
arenarius. (Peromyscus e.)...173, 191
arenicola. (Onychomys t.) ...165, 168
arenivagus. (Dipodomys m.) .343, 347
emes:' (Ovis)ic c/s MEM 8s a 83
arizone. (Lepus) ...417, 423, 424, 425
arizone. (Peromyscus a.) ....... 186
arizone. (Peromyscus t.).......
ah Nie. RIE av) hee, Se 173, 186, 187, 188
arizone. (Sigmodon h.) .....224, 228
arizone. (Sitomysa.).......... 186
arizonensis. (Cynomys)...... 153, 154
ATizONnensise, |(SCIUPUS)) wae. ss as
..95§, 102, 107, 108, 109
ATIZOSCU Seem.) :..°d ERO 0 steue 31
artemestaur (Lepus) 35 ike. sh 5 425
artus. (Perognathus g.) ..... 357, 365
SrVvaligs eQMAlS): ..:. UNE «amen 298
ATViCOla/ iret... «..,0 ei! sn Ee, 298
Arvicole imap heuss.. cna ss «ie 302
Arvicola quasiater . ene. ssn: 303
TNC CRS oo cl AAI OMI oe
INDEX OF LATIN NAMES.
PAGE.
ASCOMLYS'*\:. oh cpio s «0 ccc een 310
asellus. (lepus)igeae.. ... one 431, 435
atricapillus. (Citellus v.)..... I4I, 150
atricapillus.
atronasus.
(Spermophilus v.) .. 150
(Dipodomys m.) .. 343, 348
atrovarius. (Thomomys) 333, 334, 338
attwateri,
(Lepustqaic. sc... eee 414
attwateri. (Peromyscus)........ 192
auduboni. “(Lepus)....¥%. 417, 422, 429
Auilacomyseee. «= aesmere ts « Se 209
aureigaster. (Sciurus) ..........
..95, 98; $23, 114, X25, 116, 193, 2am
aureogaster. (Sciturus) ..115, 116, 124
aureus. (Rhithrodontomys t.) 258, 269
aurita. (Dide@iphys)vees <><. oem 17
auritus. (Odomtoccelus)<......°. 76
auritus. (Peromyscus). ..174, 206, 209
aurogaster. GQsCluTUS) see ae oe 115
austerulus. (Sigmodon)......224, 231
australis. (Hlalicore) mage... oe 36
australis. (Rhithrodontomys) 257, 259
australis: _ (Driehechus) some... 2: 37
aztecus. (Hespéromys) ..%G..... 184
aztecus. (Lepusf.).%.... 417, 418, 419
aztecus (Oryzomys c.) ......234, 245
aztecus. (Peromyscus) ...... 172, 184
aztecus. (Rhithrodontomys) .... 2509
bachmani. (Lepus) ......55 , 428, 429
badius. (Peromyscus y.) .....173, 194
baileyi. (Perognathus) ..357, 361, 362
baileyi. (Sigmodon) .\. ie... . ; 226
baileyi. (Sigmodon h.) ...... 223, 226
SRIOIMLYS ... + 5c sesh urs Sree Tos oe 170
OIOSCLUTUS .. cee cane sum OL, O04, Doe
esrdi. (Delphimus) lage... . 20s 55
bairdi. (Elasmognathus)....... 87, 88
Beirdi. (Tapirelig). .ti.*'. «an 87, 88
Meleens HOOPS scarce ehiteweD s,s gies 40
Malena glacialis gun. amees . «lies 39
malene MysSticetusiss me «<< Male +> 39
MBALSOTIG 2S 0. . os cake SEES «Lees 38, 30
aleenoptera ....0.. Wes « Oe 6s 42
Balzenoptera davidsoni.......... 42
Balenoptera gibbar ..........:.., 42
Balenoptera sulfurea........ 38, 42, 43
Baleenoptera velifera ........... 42, 43
mercenopterins . 2... Geen » eee 42
baliolus. (Sciurus y.) .....96, 114, 126
banderanus. (Peromyscus) ......
OSA se E 173, 189, 190
INDEX OF LATIN NAMES. iii
PAGE
batteatus. (Delphinus)......... 55
battyi. (Didelphys m.)........ Ay, 00 7
peuiyo. (uemmses.) . 0. views 431, 433
ipaty1. (Odonitoccelus) v7.) .08 69, 71
beatz. (Peromyscus)........ 172, 184
Ipeecheyiem(@xtellus Vv.) fa... eee 150
bellicosa. (Megapteran.) ....... 41
Delti.. Gsemmus b.) van... 98, 114, 128
IBGmeGenitawe, =. «ss aaa. cee 42
PennNet (LeDUS) : syd. » . cee 437
berlandieri. (Sigmodon)........ 22
berlandieri. (Sigmodonh.)......
Oh 0 A Re mee el, Cet Outs
bimaculatus. (Perognathus)..... 350
Divautemee (Lamancnic) 1.) eens « 2
blandus. (Peromyscus 1.) ....172, 182
blandus:” (Peromyscus s.) ....... 182
boliviensis. (Acodon) .......... 272
boopsm(palana)ees: >... . 0 anaes 40
poorer (Sciutwey.. ... . +. .cnpe
SIRS alec ome O07, 1r4, T2007, 128
boquetensis. (Sciurus)..... 94,99, 100
borueas \(Siomodom) ..)... 2en.. 224
boricxzy (Sigmodomh.)) -....-.--
PEWS AOE sk sic oat 222,223,224, 224, 232
IB Ocleoee - J ecieaiitlaes logs. «<a 83
boylia, (Hesperomys) .......9... 195
boylum. (Peromyscus) ....:..8% 173, 195
brachycium. (Phoczna)........ 48
brachypterus. (Globicephalus).. .
Sh MOD ON ROMEO 0 Oy Cha 52,53) 54
brachyurus. (Capromys) ena. 393
Bradivpocide . i ,0¢ tas. een 19
BraciyDUse,... ... > «oveeahe. -sienieee 21
Bradypus castaneiceps......... 22,23
Bradypusiidactyllus sire samelnee os 19
Bradiwptis STISCUS | a) .u ome iene tn 23), 2
Brady pusmntuscatuss.« wreeon: 22, 23
Bracaypusmridactylus. .... tame. +. - 21
brevicauda. (Zygodontomys).... 254
breviceps.. (Cogia) 1.5 vammmemins.-< 46
breviceps. (Physeter) ..c0...... 40
brevinasus. (Perognathus p.).353, 355
brochus. (Synthetosciurus) ....91, 92
browni. (Capromys) . ...390, 393, 394
brown. (sciurus) ....7905. 94, 99, 100
brunneus. (Peromyscus m.). .172, 176
bryantj. (Neotoma))...°..... 277, 280
bryanti. (Perognathus s.)....357, 364
buccatus:, “(CiteM@is) tis... oe ds 149
bulbivorus. (Thomomys) ....... Rigo
:
PAGE
Bullaris. Cilomycime, » agi. « 217, 219
bullatus. (Peromyscus) ...... 173, 193
iulleri. <Geomys)aay.,., aan: Aves 320
Dulleri. (Heteromys) ...:.... 369, 370
Dilleri. «(@iryzonmipal... nee 234, 239
bulleri. (Pappogeomys) .320, 321, 322
puller. “(@amuaeiee. van Wane s Os ta77
burrus. (Proechinomys)..... 385, 388
Cabassous Pies aie aes sn 31
Cabassos cemnuraliisn eee ann one a1, 32
Cabassousi cn dite picticume in sce: 32
Cabassous novemcinctus......... 34
cacabatus. (Peromyscus) ....175, 211
Cachicamiieiinne: s spcumienticos wena 32
californica. (Didelphys) ........ 15
californica. (Neotoma)......... 284
calitomnicues (Camacus) i... nnn ih
calitormicwem (lenis) ae vase
jd ERE os als 431, 436, 437, 438, 439
cCalitormmuons, (Nicrotis)iuc 0 woe 202
CE MuniCongonveqotsy | (MUGEN mation no on aie 203
californicus. (Odontoccelus h.)...
Pe cisetid: Ohst Meepaias aE ay allot ners COON 70; 77a ie
(Peromyscus) ......
SSRIS Rese te ha ioe 174, 201, 203
caliginosus. (Hesperomys)...... ain
calliday. ((Dasyprocta)) \ oa). eer 405, 406
Callospermophilus ....... 139, 140, 147
Callospermophilus madrensis ..... 147
callotis; (Usps) ues 431, 432, 433
Callomnns! «°c mice ptenesete ie vorenamens aa 170
Cavligmmanys:. «te eicheebediey oluctiettey eine 9
Caluiemiys alstomeligie...)teeer. ne 9
Calumomns cinereamemuny: ose nner 9
Caluromys derbianusi.:.........2: 9,10
Caluromys laniger pallidus ....... 9, 10
Caimpicola: .. .->.\eEeenee +. = cae 209
canescens. (Marmosa)......... Oyo
canescens. (Micoureus) ......... 6
canescens. (Neotoma).......... 281
canescens. (Perognathus n.) .357, 365
CAMICCD SRN (OCIUTUS) MMe). .'. 6 tiem 93
canus. (Heteromys)......... 374, 375
Cams, "GLAOMYS)).Gumemt so. . «Scene 375
ecamus. (Odontocceltsm,) ... 02. 69, 78
Capiepratuse (SCuummus)ies |... cane 107
Gapmromiyitics..... sues «oles 382, 388
Capromysia,:. sees 382, 388, 380, 393
Capromysvprachyupugy ......« tam 393
Capromys Brown. 5... . 390, 393, 394
,.
iv INDEX OF LATIN NAMES.
PAGE PAGE.
Capromys elegans. ........... 390, 392 | Cervus lichtensteini ........ a. ie
Capromys fournieri ......... +389, 390 | Cervus mexicanus ...........45. 72
Capromys ingrahami......... 390, 304 | Cervus nemoralis. .............: 74
Capromys melanurus ......... wonwsot | Cervus rufinus. cages... ose 79
Capromys pilorides .......... waeveo0 | Cervus sartori. :iciemae.. . ene So
Capromys prehensilis... .. .390, 39%, 392 | Cervus toltecus ............ ota a
Capromys p. gundlachi ....... sammaga | Cetacea ...k% «. tam «AAR es 38
Capromys quemi 2... . sain s. a meeoo.| Cetoptera .20. .. < cxmintess «sso seumee 42
Capromys thoracatus..... . . Romnaoas) Chetodipus.. «. cine. 352, 356, 368
ORTON ig sass eek se < c 68 | chapmani. (Dipodomys)........ 350
Cariacus h. californicus ... iv... <i ¥7| chapmani. sfepus Ty... . cae 417
carolinensis. (Sciurus).......... chapmani. (Marmosa).......... 4
Rt oS: he 107, 108, 109, 110,125 | chapmani. (Oryzomys) .........
eastaneicens.. (Arctopithects)." lyme | ©" 2... .. coe. cee 234, 237, 238, 239
castaneiceps. (Bradypus) ...... 22,23 | chapmani. (Perodipus) ...... 349, 350
castaneus. (Peromyscus t.) . .172,3197 | cherrii. (Geomys)...........004 330
castanops. (Cratogeomys) ...... cherrii. (Hesperomys) .......... 183
SNL WAGIGERERARTRNE TONS. 5s 312, 313, 315,316 | cherrii. (Macrogeomys)... 327, 328, 330
castanops. (Pseudostoma) ...... $75 | cherrii. (Orysgomys) ....i:%...252, 96m
CAStODe eva PU eels. «5 Rees + sere 159 | cherrii. (Peromyscus) ...172, 183, 267
Castor'c. frondator. ...... 159, 160, 161 | cherrii. (Zygodontomys).....252, 253
Caston- Der 2. teembs.vs 5s ONG sae 159 | chiapensis. (Sciurus g.)...98, 114, 125
Castor Bibetniusis scan» 06 arcs 307, | childi. (Orysomys) <4... .a. 5... 244
Gastotiesc.mis ius cues sew ces FEO COUOCUS’ \ oc cc. arises eens Fone 2909
cauce. (Didelphys c.) .......... 18 | chiriquensis. (Sciurus &.) .94, 103, 104
cauce. (Didelphys m.)........ 14,18 | chiriquensis. (Sigmodon b.) ..... 225
caudatus. (Oryzomys c.) ....234, 238 | chiriquensis. (Sigmodon h.) .. 222, 225
cavator. (Macrogeomys)..... 328, 329 | chiriquinus. (Proechinomys ec.) ..
Cavia Gfistate <scga 5... kee - PC, | CC fcc) Se ...385, 387
cavirostris. (Ziphius)........... age Ghironectés. . cheers vse | ae 2
cecilii. (Peromyscus) ........ 172, 178 | Chironectes guianensis. .......... 3
cedrosensis. (Peromyscus) ...173, 185 | Chironectes memina............-. 3
centralis. (Cabassous) ......... 31, 3a | Chironectes minimus ........... I, aoe
centralis. (Echinomys) ......... 386 | Chironectes palmata ............ 3
centralis. (Proechinomys)....... Chironectes paraguensis ......... 3 -
Pr ee 385, 386, 387 | Chironectes sarcovienna ......... 3
centralis, gC fatua) sche... a8 32 | Chironectes variegatus .......... 3
Cercolabeiie. «\.c, . Phateeeees < sven 400 | Chironectes yapock ...5.......;. 3
Cercolabes pallidum, ............ AOTMMENOLOODUS ... . ccerea rune pee <x cues 19
cerrosensis. (Lepus)............ 428 | Cholcepus hoffmanni ........... 20, 21
cerrosensis. (Odontoccelus) 60, 76 | chrysomelas. (Oryzomys)....... 253
cervicalis. (Sciurus p.) ...96, 114, 119 | chrysomelas. (Zygodontomys)... 253
cervicalis, _(Sciurus W.) ......... 119 | chrysopsis. (Rhithrodontomys) . .
Oervidesteees ss. | pene 6 eee 68 NAP er
COTVICI URE VIS) ..)s CaemnNns «Obras 86 [¢hrysurus. (Myoxus) 2... .. «a5. 383
CONViniSh renee’... COC RMEIEN SS 5 Sen 5 68 | cinerascens. (Lepus) ....428, 429, 430
cervinus. (Thomomys) . .334, 339, 340 | Cimerea. (Caluromys)........... 9
Cervus acapulcensis ...2......... 74 | cinerea. (Didelphys) ........0.. 7
Cervus americanus ..........0.5: 68 | cinerea. (Marmosa) ............ 5.7
CervuS @cGOUGS] . .\ Naan. . . ann zo | cinereus. (Rhithrodontomys s.) . .
Cervus AGMIONUS .. sass .. see. i. RAR AP ree 257, 262
INDEX OF LATIN NAMES. v
PAGE.
cineritius. (Peromyscus)..... 173, 195
(Co UCN 5. OER ooatcebe 138, 139
Citellus adocétus .......2...5 141, 152
Citellus annulatus ....... LA tyes 052
itellus avcodmani .fs5... ws I41, 151
CLCELIUIS IGOR TUS . .. > ene: samen 149
Crrelluisnemmell .)... .. nite. > seem 140
Citellus eryptospilotus........... 144
Gitelliisvelavans .... Agme. . oem 145
Citellus harrisi ...... 140, 141, 142,143
Citellusth, saxicola ....... 139, 140, 142
Citelliisamterpres ....%....00n 140, 143
Citelinssiateralis.. . Gum... wanes « 147
Citeliismencurus .. cen. ..< 140, 142,143
Citellus 1. peninsule...... 140, 141, 143
CirtelliysmmacrouruSia. . >. coeeeeey « 149
Citellusimadrensis@y.....s.0ne 140, 147
Citellus mexicanus....... 140,145, 146
Citellus m. parvidens......... 140, 1406
Citelie perotensig .........+06 140, 145
Crtelimerspilosomay ys... ...sun 140, 145
Citellus s. microspilotus ..140, 144, 145
Citellus tereticaudus ......... 140, 144
Citelluset. Sonoriensis. .)...).. 140, 144
Citellus variegatus....... 141, 148, 149
Citellus v. atricapillus........ I41, 150
Citellus'v. beecheyi .........005«. 150
Citellgey. fisheiM........owe I4I, 150
Citellus v. grammurus ....141, 149, 150
Citellgeyy. TupSseris:....cccene I4I,150
Citeliggae (Mites, +... eeimaaess + 139
Citiioee.... . teria ots \cngeemnnns 130
Citilisemexicatticueer,,. i cere: 146
clarkii. (Cratogeomys) ......... 315
clavatus. (Odontoccelus) ....... 73
clementis. (Peromyscus t.)......
Sar As lL meMMeoncer By aire ¢ D783 203, 187
cleias. al homomys) i.tnceeee:. 340
(Ohh A nates alot, AR OCI e Eh cro ae 57
VARIED Gee. ws a vs Sn 57
cenectus, (Perognathus) ...7.. 357, 302
cocos, (Sciurus s.) ....05, 06, 114, 124
SCEUEETI Siri: .. «s\n lento, Met ennnn oe ea ps 408
(Glo va cb ORR retort 9 3a Rae 309
Coencdu lenatum..:...s.00... 400, 402
Coendu mexicanum ...... 400, 4OT, 402
Coendu m. yucatanie ........ 400, 402
Coendu nove-hispania .......... 402
Cogndu paliidum, 37: . amen. » + 400, 401
Coendu prehensil¥fs ...0py......%. 402
Coendu rothschildi. porters 400, 401
PAGE.
GORA .. jukeke|. » + OMe lubn mn dee 40
Cogia brevigeps. . gu ui sea 46
coibe. (Daysprocta) ........ 405, 407
colime. (Rhithrodontomys).....
ooo GRAD. 3-12 I ae 258, 266, 267
colimensis. (Scirus a.)iis..:..- 120
colimensis. (Sciurus p.)...95,114, 119
colimensis. (Sciurus w.) ........ 120
colli, ((Borwriggines jaateng 0 508
eaeitte 97, 109, 114, 121, 122, 123, 129
Colobotis:... cigs meee snk 59 ale 139
communis. (Phoczna)......... 48
commitimis, GPUursiopEys........08 56
compressicauda. (Tursiops) ..... 50
comptus. (Peromyscus) .....174, 206
CONTMIS, waGepus ay as vrs ine 417, 424
consobrinus.
coolidgii,
(Peromyscus m.)174, 202
(Peromyscus t.) ...173, 187
costaricensis. (Macrogeomys) 328, 330
costaricensis. (Odontoccelus) ...69,'73
costaricensis. (Oryzomys) ......
eR ARTY hoe 233, 235, 249, 250
costaricensis. (Rhithrodontomys)
HEE TAME IES Ede aN La 258, 267, 268
coucai. (Crtenus) sac ccna) tone 149
comer (Cervus B,)\. iiss 6 yeas 70
couesi. (Hesperomys) .......... 236
couesi. (Odontoccelus a.) ...69, 70, 71
couesi, (Oryzomys) .234, 236, 239, 247
coypm@. (Myogaster) i657. 4: 382
cozumele. (Didelphys y.)...... 14,15
cozumele. (Oryzomys) ...... 234, 241
comumele. (Peromyscus) ....172, 181
crassidens. (Phlocmiia)).ii5...... 51
crassidens. (Pseudorca) ........ 51
Crasstime (Lagasstiae) i... sso 62,64
erassuml,. (Tayasstai..... ..0e 64
CratoSeousys <... vanes « 309, 311, 320
Cratogeomys castanops...........
0S, ct RE ERIORE Sie, 313; suppscO
Cratogeomys c. goldmani..... Ruch ie p ile,
Cratogeomys clarkivyyw........0s5 jul
Cratogeomys estor........... 312, 314
Cratogeomys fulvescens ...... 312, 316
Cratogeomys merriami ....... 312, 313
Cratogeomys oreocetes ....... 313, 314
Cratogeomys peregrinus ...... 309, 904
Cratogeomys perotensis. .. 312, 313, 314
creminobates. (Ovisee:)) ... 0.10% 84, 85
ereper. (Rhithrodontomys) . .258, 272
Cimeetodigus ....¢amee.s.... eee 352
vi INDEX OF LATIN NAMES.
PAGE
crinituss (Oryzomys)iee..- 2 235, 245
crispus.. (Heteromys) ......+ 375, 380
erispus. (Liomys) : chee. - - lene 380
crispus. (Tamandua) if... ..igae 27
enistata. (Cavia)...\ ie... oe 407
enstata. (Dasyprocta)me. :..- 405, 407
eristatus. (Echinomys)'..... 23 383
cristobalensis. (Peromyscus z.) ..
Be ete. 0/5 oe nes) Sem 175, 209
crusmiorum, (Tagassu) ..89. - 4m 62, 65
erusmioram, (Tayassu) ..23.). 2m 65
cryptospilotus. (Citellus) ....... T44
Pitot hl Sn 0 ame) LORE. 5
cumulator. (Neotoma) ...... 277, 280
curvirostris. _(Delphimus) 1.7 ./. 75 55
(Orbea): Se aE 5 oR 403
Gq CTIUIS cet ie haiainwsvate eS: = + eee 42
Gyclopess Maw Sam. : -\siegei os tara 24
Cyclopesidorsaliqn |, . . eee. «me 25, 26
CY ClOCIUTUS ce epee. «o/c gin « Siam 25
Cyclothurus dorsalis); .... 080). | ae 25
cymiodice. (Tuxsiops) .. 2925. 23% 56
CyMOMLYS ocd ceohtas on Nema 153
Cynomys arizonensis ......... 153, 154
CymomySiStiseus enna sor crgin aoc 155
Cynomys gunnisoni.......... 153,156
Cynomysslatransey iw. seater 155
Cynomys ludovicianus...........
Oe ha, & baton ot cctos 32 Res 153, 154, 155,156
Cynomys mexicanus .,.°....> see 153,156
Cynomys missouriensis .......... 155
Cymomiys Socialis, sis seis 5 ee. 2 155
Datinal \.te ii<\ Seo Sete ee sod 68
Dama rothschilds << ...cegeee sd 2
WDAS WMO IS. our. «ls cee > + ota 368
IDES Y POUL so. x1s:20% eee. « ame 31
Wasypodamesn ).:.):, 1.) eee: > +. eR 31
DASVProGtaer: «<<. SMRMeIEEERE ©. «5 nee 403
Dasyproctavantillensigy......... 407
Dasyproctarcallida giemsatec.. : 405, 406
Dasyproctapcoibe . 2ee aces... 405, 407
Dasyproctareristata 2... yas... : 405, 407
Dasyprocta isthmica ..... 405, 400, 407
Dasyprocta mexicana ........ 404, 405
Dasyproctaspunctataa.meee- - < cite 405
Dasyprocta ruatanica ........... 405
Dasypus novemcinctum ......... 33
Dasypus novemcinctus .......... 32
Dasypusmimicinctus sie. «ce eee > 31
davidsoni. (Balzenoptera)....... 42
PAGE
decolorus. (Nyctomys) ...... 215, 216
decolorus:| ~ (Sitoniys): ... cee 216
decumanuse, CVius)ie. .....--ieeeenen 164
deductor. (Delphinus)......:... 52
deductor. (Globicephalus)...... 52
Delphinaptesinec a... . - ae 48
Deiphinidzemet ae sie. 2+ = ce 47,48
Delphinus 328-42 eee: © =. ee 54
Delphinus'albrinantsi. ......a5 55
Delphinus algeriensis ............ 55
Delphinus! bagkda. .- 2am. -. 7: eae 55
Delphinus batteatus: ae. ...2.25 55
Delphinus cusmirostris 7... .. 4. 325 55
Delphinus deduector <chie.... anes 52
Delphinus delpitis..’. veas-,4. + >see 54
Delphinus forsten §< is sieges... ome 55
Delphinus fulvo-fasciatus ........ 54
Delphinus Tasegs’.. » . 5 Maer ee a 55
Delphinus gladiator .: sees. 51
Delphinus janinay-.. - snieaeees < ce 55
Delphinus longirostris ........... 58
Delphinus amajOz.. ...: dag. es s&
Delphinus marginatus ........... 55
Delphinus melas /:.. ger geos ee 52
Delphinus' microps |... (agate. + ae 55
Delphinus MiOocits. 4 <a c~ sees. sr 55
Delphinus mosenatts... ... aaa 55
Delphinus nove-zelandiz ........ 55
Delphinus orca. gaps.'-:. . «cae - 50, 51
Delphinus phocana .... tgeer. «a: 48
Delphinus plagiodon ............ 58
Delphinus pomeegra ............ 55
Delphinus sowerbianus .......... 55
Delphinus tufsio. :. eee +s 55, 50
Delphinus variegatus ............ S5
Delphinus walkent 2 awe. - = «see 55
Gelphis. (Delfphinus) hee... iia 54
Geppi, (Sciucws)ee. eee - 94, IOI, 102
derbianus. (Caluromys) ........ Q, 10
Gerbianus. (Didelphysje..-. 20. 9
deserti. (Dipodomys) . . .343, 345, 347
deserti. (Rhithrodontomys) ..... 259
deserticola. (Hesperomysl.) .... 188
deserticola. (Lepust.)....... 431, 437
deserticola. (Peromyscus a.) .... 188
deserticola. (Peromyscus t.) .173, 188
desmaresti. (Moschophoromys) . .
Be reipibat css. + 5 Sainena ee 250, 251
Hesmearesti. (Mus)/o. Amie... scene 250
desmarestianus. (Heteromys) 369, 372
destructor. (Pseudorca) ........ 51
INDEX OF LATIN NAMES. vii
PAGE
deviuss (Oryzomys) ..2em...: 235, 244
Grate ((Uepms)) si. 2%..\4 seine oon 4I2
Giazi: (Romerolacus)).. 50). 0e0- 412
IDICOtyleshiaperr. i+, 5 <n sattete Sbame 62, 65
Dicotylesiansulatuml .. s... «ose 63
Dicotyles'a.,sonoriensé ........-. 64
Wicotylesmiagaeu ....cgae . 2 deel 63
Dicranoresus..: : :. . ewe. = 2a 81
Widacty levers. «so cieeecks nae 25
didactyla. (Myrmecophaga)..... 24
Wilaeiyiles....... . eet «es 25
didactylus, (Bradypus)... 755: - 19
pemicelinimgaiae.... . uN. mee I
IDidelotimger. .|: ... 3... «Ae Boel i7Al
Didelphysraurita ake... weet 17
Didelpiys californica ..... ake. = 15
Didelphys carcinophaga cauce... 18
Didelplye cinerea =... .. deerme. fi
Didelphys derbianus .......255.- 9
Didelphys marsupialis ...... ae: 14
Didelpinys m. batiyils.... 5am Tih a8
Didelokys m. caucce....1.- seen 14,18
> Didelpitys m: etensis-. .. 2... 42s 14,18
Didelphys m. insularis.......... DARL
Didelphys mesamericana .14, I5, 16,17
Didelphys.m. tabascensis. . . am; 14,16
Didelplys m: fexensis ...... 5a. 14, 16
Didelobys mumimas.......228 meee: 4,5
Didelphys nudicaudata ......... Wik 16)
Didelphys philamder ......a5..-- 9
Widelpinys! richmond... ..eeeee 14,16
Didelphys yucatanensis ........ iivtiy 46)
Didelphys y. cozumelze ......... AS 5
difficilicae (Peromyscus)! “hemes
Br eihuc., SEE oe 173, 203; 004, 205
difficilis. (Rhithrodontomys) .257, 263
diticilis.. «(Vesperimus) Weeen ..: 193
dilutior. “(Ory zomysc.)\. ae 234, 238
WDIOR VE IRD... . ince et eRe ae 2°
IDiplesroma. . . 0. 5 eee = as 332
MOROGROMNUS &.. - oc. ce 1 Bis CME se 349
Mipodomyine ..... vi. B40 352
WDIPGMOMLYS fs. . .s\sqs 5 neues 341, 348
Dipodemys apilis 2... ees: 240,351
Dipedomys chapmani ....6...... 350
Dipodomys deserti ......: 343, 345) 347
Dipodomys hermanni ........... 351
Dipadagiys merriami .j)feew...
5 5 EE os ee 343, 345, 346, 347, 348
Dipodomys m. ambiguus ..... 343, 346
Dipodomys m. arenivagus ....343, 347
PAGE
Dipodomys m. atronasus ..... 343, 348
Dipodomys m. melanurus .. . . . 343, 348
Dipodomys m. parvus........ 343, 346
Dipodomys m. simiolus .. .343, 344, 347
Dipodomys mitchell... ast 343, 344
Dipodomiys ordi. ¢ eererte .- 350
Dipodomys ornahus eee 343, 344
Dipodomys perotensis ........ 343, 344
Dipodomys phillipsi .. 341, 342, 343, 344
Dipodomys similis ene ens es 347
Dipodomys spectabilis........ 343, 345
Dipodomiys Waser leem ss... 351
Dipodops: .c\amee:: eee ae eee 349
Dipodops:ornmalmeniiees «<. 28k 350
distineta. (Neotoma))........ 277, 278
dolichocephalus. (Macrogeomys) .
«a eied) SRIERRMENG, os ENTERS os) Soo 328, 320
Dorcelapier.:: .: Sirs +, clae'; steer 68
Dorcelaphus a. texensis). . 225-2 70
Dorcelaphus h. eremicus .......:. 77
doreides. (Prodelphinus) ....... 58
dorsalisna(CGyGlopes)) = ritiee ee. 25, 26
Glomsalkis, (CyClorlaivhatis)) seen cake aR
dorsalis. (Rhithrodontomys) .258, 272
GKoneeike, | (Slemisigety iy) So uno a edison
A 505 ee ee a 96,97, 98, 114, 127
dorsalice, ((lamatas)\es. cece eee 135
kohiszinekoak, ((Portilnnforal)) 9 855 og or oe 398
doxsamus. GalyStiin<)) eit veneer 397
dotiglasi (Be pus)itaa- meee eae Bre
dow.) (Blasmogmathus). 9.25 .5-7 88
dowilteees (apirelila)) eis seen ar 87, 88
dubius. (Peromyscus) ....... 172, 181
duieonieam n (rlalicore) eey reir we 36
shbngenalers. ((DibipeyeahNS)) 5 5 ose pene me
chungehamers, (OWesorsls)) 5 5. ce noone 417, 424
durange. (Neotomai.)...... 278, 285
Ghonvznarerce. (ANE kaaWelS)) C5 obo aes Weise 165 47/
felbesnmtealy (CSTGHBBREIS)) (6.25 a Sees OV alel2
BChimaySu(Gic)) 2. ceeaRMeees| 3 omen 385
Ectimays Warinitatis ian... 6. eae 385
Behimomiysmcentralisyeeer +... 2c 386
BchinonmiysrcristacuSmamews.)..-.- «ce 383
Echinomys semispinosus......... 386
Hichipoprotud, .. ...\Semese. see 397
Beiinosciuimis'. .. aan 91, 94, I13
Behimo thinner)... .<ctepemetats,-) oper 397
Edleniataeeye «+ 2 scm i oe oe 19
ediwandsi a (epus)\ eters si. «cane 438
effusins: W(Settirus asia. =... 2 ae 120
viii
PAGE,
effugius. (Sciurus p.) .....96, 114, 120
effugius. (Sciurus w.)'y......088 120
Plasmopgnathus =... - meee ~- eee 87
Elasmognathus bairdi........... 87
Blasmognathus dowi \2oa... ..one 88
elegans. (Capromys) ........ 390, 392
elegans: (Citellus))....0ee.. oe 145
epixanthum. (Erethizon) 397, 398, 399
eremicoides. (Peromyscus a.) 173, 192
eremicus. (Dorcelaphus h.) ..... 75
eremicus. (Hesperomys) ........ Igl
eremicus. (Lepus t.) ....431, 435,436
eremicus. (Odontoccelus h.) ....69, 77
eremicus. (Perognathus p.) ..357, 359
eremicus; ~ (Peromyscus) .....4 7
“iso oa eRe 173, TOL, 192, 163,266
eremicus. (Sigmodon h.)..... 224, 2247
IeMMOMVS ayo: - - eee Ss ee 209
LeGhiZzonse eyes. «ee 306, 307
Erethizon dotsatim..../ae....: 398
Erethizon epixanthum . . . 397, 398, 399
Brethizon pilostisy.* <. i:ateae ss ok 3907
Brethizontide: os wae os ane aie 307
Brethizontimes...15. Al son eels aes 397
ester: (Cratogeomiys)). 2.5: 4... 312, 314
etensis. (Didelphys m:).......... 14,18
EVGCGEV US Gee mean he eee + 68
BAACHUEUS To05 ie Sees) t - «eRe 397
Braudel phinus Vos, suet: 3s» senate 54
euphrosinoides. (Prodelphinus).. 59
euphrosyne. (Prodelphinus)..... 58
europeus. , (Oremus) eee eee). ni
eunynome, ((Parsigns) cee. ~ «0 56
Rasy pteima i. oun «5 ce 2
PUG RITES. CLC ANIG ts, cla ts Semi es .\ CO 134
Eutamias durange .............. 137
eva, (Petomiyscus)' See: .. - 174, 198
evides. (Peromyscus s.) ..... iy iy)
exiguus. (Heteromys) ....... 374, 377
exiguus. (Peromyscus) ...... 172, 183
Paloviereemeee, . ... saan tae hk 20
fallax. (Perognathus) ....357, 366, 367
fasciatus. (Perognathus)....... 352
felipensis. (Neotoma b.) .....278, 286
felipensis. (Peromyscus) .....174, 205
femoralis. (Perognathus) ....358, 367
fenestratum,) (Tatucnia)e. . <a. 33
ferruginea. (Neotoma) ......277, 280
ferrugineiventris. (Sciurus) ..... Ire
EDEL (ARP <i + 5.0 6 GMM <a GO 300, 307
INDEX OF LATIN NAMES.
PAGE
Fiber z. pallidds 25... : > eum 307, 308
fiber. (Castor) seeee.... eee *. I59
fishem. (Gitellus wai... ..5ee 141,150
fisheri. (Spermophilus v.)....... 150
flaccidus. (Peromyscus t.) ...173, 187
flavidus. (Megadontomys) ...212, 214
flavigulariswes (Uepus)mee 1. . .cee 431
flavus. (Perognathus) .. .353, 354, 355
floridana. ‘(Neotonmia)iin ...%2s 276
floridanus. (Lepus) ..... 418, 420, 421
floridanus. (Peromyscus) ....... 179
floweri. . (PInyseter)|. Jes... .-.. cee 46
fluviatilis. \@irichechus)) 22... 2723 37
forsteri. (Deiphinus)ecs.: --5e 55
fossor.- (Seimiggs):.. ame sa. cee 130
fournieri. (Capromys)i.:..... 389, 390
fraterculus. (Peromyscus)
Sas) s+ Dee. ee 172, 184, 185
fraterculus. (Vesperimus) ....... 184
frondator. (Castor c.) ...159, 160, 161
frumentor. (Sciurus a.) ...95, 114, 117
fulgens. (Oryzomys) ........ 234, 240
fulvescens. (Cratogeomys) ...312, 316
fulvescens. (Hesperomys)....... 248
fulvescens. (Oryzomys) ..... 235, 248
fulvescens. (Rhithrodontomys m.)
ccc + + ol ote ORO oo 257, 264, 265
fulviventer. (Marmosa)......... 5,8
fulviventer. (Microtus) ......... 301
fulviventer:
fulviventer.
(Neotoma) . .278, 286, 288
(Sigmodon) .....224, 232
fulvo-fasciatus. (Delphinus)..... 54
fulvus. (Geomiys) i.c7ujeme . . en 334
fulvus. (Peromyscus l.)...... 172), Tor
fulvus. (Peromyscus s.) ........ 183
farvus. (Thomoniys) weer .- >. o.8
| SSSSoaon 333) 3345 335; 339, 337, 338
fumosus. (Platygeomys) ....... 318
mamosus. (Geoniys) qe. - -« acre 318
furvus. (Peromyscus) ...171, 174, 208
furvus. (Sigmodon h.).......223, 285
fuscipes. (Neotoma) . ...277, 278, 279
fuscogriseus. (Metachirus) ..11, 12,13
fuscovariegatus. (Sciurus) ...... 128
muscus., (Delphintis)i@mer«<«eees on 55
Bappi, -GLepus)’.. eee 426, 427, 428
gadovi. (Peromyscusl.) ..... 174, 201
Sarilarcdi. (Lepus)).. eee.) ee 431, 433
gambeli. (Peromyscus) ......... 187
gaumeri. (Heteromys) . .368, 369, 371
INDEX OF LATIN NAMES. ix
PAGE.
gaurus. (Peromyscus) ...174, 199, 200
gentilis. (Peromyscus g.) ....174,/197
Genyscelus ........ en ce Gry 408
PeeSCADTOMIMEe ss lis eels Saeee 389, 393
Lice kwabtelck:< a, jai i—iarnerar 2 309, 312, 341
SEOIIVGUME +... 5% 309, 310, 320, 331
Geomys arenarius.........:.. 310, 311
CreomiyermWer .. ea. +. eee 320
Ceonivyerchert!! .....neee > cee 330
Geotnysmmbyas ... eee... creme 334
(GeomeceruMOSis . . eek... aes 318
SEOMIVeMetAMCIS .. 2 ink: . nv aeeneEe 322
Geomys gymnurus ........... 316, 318
Geomys heterodus ........... 326, 328
(eOnemispidus neki + Waanaiern 325
Geomysmmerriami. 5... sae Eas FES
Geomys fOuetid |; .ger iss: seen 310
Geomusrscalops 2a... .. ee Bee, 324
gerominensis. (Peromyscus). .172, 181
gipbare (Balenoptera) .... ..emy. 42
DisAsmCyarodamealis) .\.), 4 sna. a5
Cilbectin (Peromyscus) |... see 195
milbecke, (SitOMyS).. «iss. <anee 195
Sie CMe SLOPS) hayes tis cual ecard wide 56
SlaGiaion (Balas) ss,.c's. « sineuies 30
ciadiator. (Delphinus) .....<ane. 51
eladiatan, (Opemnis)). .:.,< 40a 51
clavicuss (Algapitelus). . close - 40
glaucus. (Rhachianectes)....... 40
Gloticepnhala am. .....ocsaiebows. 52
Globicepinalus ye. s. .:. ¢cmenas oa. 52
Globicephalus brachypterus ..52, 53,54
Globicephalus deductor.......... 52
Globicephalus globiceps ......... 2
Globicephalus incrassatus ........ 53
Globicephalus intermedius ....... 52
Globicephalus macrorhynchus .... 53
Globicephalus melas ........ 47, 52, 53
Globicephalus scammoni...... 2 152,54
globiceps. (Globicephalus) ...... 52
goldmani. (Citellusa.) ...... iilGee ani
goldmani. (Cratogeomys Cc.) ..313, 316
goldmani. (Heteromys) ..... 369, 373
Poldmani. i(Nelsonia)i) seme. = « 290
goldmani. (Neotoma)....... 278, 288
goldmani. (Oryzomys) ...... 235, 246
goldmani. (Perognathus) 357, 365, 366
goldmani. (Peromyscus) .....172, 186
goldmani. (Rhithrodontomys).. .
Be sn he tts 0 «oes, BR os 258, 268
goldmani. (Sciurus) ay eats G7, 115, 130
goldmani. (Spermophilus) ...... 151
goldmani. (Thomomys) ..... 334, 339
gracilis. (Rhithrodontomys m.)..
I ea SSCA Ol hath: 258, 265
grammurus. (Citellus v.) 141,149, 150
Prammunis, Gocminds)mmeeeies« : 149
grammurus. (Spermophilus) .... 149
erandis, (Geos)! wees aoe. 322
grandis. (Orthogeomys)........ 322
Sratus. (PeromiySCus)ncm ass
» ia dogils a ae eae 174, 195, 196, 197
grayl. (Psem@ionca)itie ss 63.6. 51
graysont, (Wepus)iemn.. s+ 2 417, 426
griseiflavus. (Macroxus)........ 124
griseiflavus. (Rhithrodontomys) .
«lo Are ci RA ae oe. eat 258, 270
griseiflaviiswe (Sciumims)c. sa.) auras
syed 8 CUAREeE 98, 108, 110, 1i4, 124, 125
griseigena. (Sciurus) ........ IOI, 104
griseus. (A Bradypus) 06s .0k fas 23,24
PTGS S SEK VMOMIVES)\ 2 ne ot eiaie sie 155
griseus. (Heteromys)........ 369, 373
STISCUS. | (Ue MUS iby) cslegis eenmeess 431, 436
Sriseus, (OCiIES)) saan. oe OF), 130,40
griseigenys. (Sciurus).......... 104
GovatneBODUYVS! ayy ashes sees et aoe 5
(Microtus) ...305, 306
(Peromyscus) .175, 211
guatemalensis.
guatemalensis.
GuenlinouetiSien.... 20s 91, 93,103
guianensis. (Chironectes)........ 3
gundlachi. (Capromys p.)....390, 392
gunnisoni. (Cynomys). ......153, 156
GyMOts: . 2s pee rem st 68
gymnotis. (Peromyscus). ....173, 188
gymnurus. (Geomys) ....... 316, 318
gymnurus. (Platygeomys).......
SIR <)>. SRN 317, 318, 319
Halicoreaustralise\ enn > «cone 36
Halicore Gmigong. . i, mes... . Hee 36
Halicore tabernaculi ............ 36
Haplomiylomlys: 5. « qaieatres «>, calms 170
harrisi. (Citellus) ...140, 141, 142, 143
harrisi. (Spermophilus)......... 141
helleri. (Perognathus).......357, 360
helvolus. (Rhithrodontomys g.) .
4 5 SEARS D0, ORO (2. 0h een 258,270
hemionotis. (Peromyscus) ...174, 199
hemronmusey (Cervuslimer-.... ».0 a. 76
hemionus. (Odontoccelus) ......
PR SCE Score 69, 76, 77, 78
x INDEX OF LATIN NAMES.
PAGE.
Hemiotemys |. ;/.'.: .Gnutas': «0 299
Hemiotomys mexicanus ......... 301
hermanni. (Perodipus).......... 351
netmanni. (Scturus) 2a... ... cae 130
hernandezi. (Sciurus p.) ........
RPMS nt Ge. by,0, 0 EAS ot aE 95,96, 114, 118
hernandezi. (Sciurus a.) ........ 118
ierpetomys ....qa.. << ae 299, 300, 306
Hesperomys affinis’.......:....05 180
Hesperomys anthonyi........... 185
Hesperomys aztecus: «.. sivas. vet 184
Hesperomys boylii Jin: . <2. 0e. am 195
Hesperomys caliginosus ......... 253
Hesperomys cherrii ). 3.5... os sue 183
Hesperomiys, aouesics cialis... 5-454 236
Hesperomys eremicus ..........! 19l
Hesperomys fulvescens .......... 248
Hesperomys 1. sonoriensis. ....... 181
Hesperomys melanophrys........ 201
Hesperomys mexicanus. ......... 207
Hesperomys nudicaudus ......... 217
Hesperomys nudipes............. 198
Hesperomys sumichrasti...... 214, 216
Hesperomys teguina ............ 273
Hesperomys texensis ............ 186
Hesperomys t. deserticola........ 188
Hesperontys toltecus ......5.45.- 226
PLESPeroSGlUTUS: Seates:...5 + sels QI, 94, 130
heterodus. (Geomys)........ 326, 328
heterodus. (Macrogeomys)...... 328
HICbEFOLEOMLYS - nus an << see B1O,;38e5
Heterogeomys hispidus .......... 326
Heterogeomys torridus.. ..325, 326, 372
FEGHETOMUy IG ey )4 «othe c aeemteey = § olde 341
FAST eTOMLVYVING .. ss . SOEs « Ae 352
PISCETOMYS 6 c/s si... = cae ss 368, 360
Heteromys adspersus......... 360, 373
Heteromys albolimbatus ...... 374, 375
Heteromys alleni ........ 370, 374, 376
Heteromys annectens ........ 360, 371
Heteromys bulleri ........... 369, 370
Heteromysreanus sce... a0 374, 375
Heteromiyercrispusi., .okas. <a 375, 380
Heteromys c. setosus ......... 375, 380
Heteromys desmarestianus .. . . 369, 372
Heteromiysiexiguus) .vasee.~. +i 374, 377
Heteromys gaumeri ...... 368, 360, 371
Heteromys goldmani......... 360, 373
Heteromys g. lepturus........ 369, 373
Heteromys griseus ........... 360, 373
Heteromys heterothrix........ aie
PAGE
Heteromys hispidus.......... 360, 371
Heteromys irroratus ......... 369, 370
Heteromys longicaudatus .369, 370, 372
Heteromys nelsoni .5./...... 855: 381
Heteromys obscurus ......... 375,379
Heteromys orbitalis.......... 375, 380
Heteromys paralius .......... 375, 381
Heteromys parviceps......... 375, 378
Heteromys pheura .......... 375, 379
Heteromys pictus ........ 375, 377» 370
Heteromys p. isthmius ....... 375, 378
Heteromys p. rostratus ....... RV ATIRW AS
Heteromys plantinarensis ... ..374, 377
Heteromys repens ........... 369, 372
Heteromys salvini ........... 369, 370
Heteromys s. nigrescens....... 369, 370
Heteromys sonorana.......... 375, 379
Heteromys texemsis .......i+:... 381
Heteromys torridus ...... 374, 376, 377
Heteromys t. minor . .. [cae >. 374, 377
Heteromys verecrucis ...:.... 375, 379
heterothrix. (Heteromys) ....375, 380
hirsutus. (Rhithrodontomys)....
s(t. Seach oraz ete omar 258, 269, 270
hirtus. (Sciurusn.) ...96, 98, 114, 121
hispidus. (Cabassous c.) ........ 32
hispidus. (Geomiys).... dae. - a0 325
hispidus. (Heterogeomys) ...... 326
hispidus. (Heteromys) ...... 360, 371
hispidus. (Perognathus) .357, 360, 361
hispidus. (Sigmodon) ...222, 228, 232
Hodomys .. . «sane < see 296
Efodomys allenivn. 2) a5 eee ~ - 296, 207
Hodomys vetulus . «aap. «+ 295, 207
hoffmanni. (Choleopus) ....... 20, 21
hoffmanni. (Sciurus #.) ........
ee 94, 103, 104, 105
Prolochilus ...kiuies sane» + 4 ee 221
folochilus pilopides: seme - <.iees 222
molzneri. (Lepite £)iccee. - ..5 417, 419
homochroia. (Peromyscus). ..174, 200
huahucha. (Sciurus a.) ...95, 107, 109
humerale. (Tagassu a)........ 62, 63
bumerale. (Tayassu a.))......... 63
myprida. (Tatu): . same. <9 eam os 33
Hydrodamalis gigas. ............ 35
HUG TOIASUS . . sc aes = sogneas 413
hylocetes. (Oryzomys) ...... 234, 237
hylocetes. (Peromyscus) .....174, 204
hyperythrus. (Microtusc.)......
/ 5 ORR 300, 301, 302
INDEX OF LATIN NAMES, xi
PAGE
bypopyrrhus)) /Gociurus).... 3. .0e
er: LOW Mun, D20, TAO. e7 ses ens 0
hypopyrrhus. (Sciurus a.) ......
SRR S.A RTC 96, 98, 114, 116
iyrpoxanthus, (Sciurus) ...cake% ngs
ery DUC csitemie.. . . s,s ngs. See 165
Hypudzeus leucogaster .......... 165
ELV Str GOnSatus:. . sje. 5 Acer 307
TyStrixmmesICanus: . 3 je. . eee 402
livstrixgorebnensilis:. . ey... meen 399
HCtidGmnhysere a :.'. » gennte © Ocean 139
Mesa iets) eM eR ccc) See 21
incites LepUs) ins «Lean 426, 428
incrassatus. (Globicephalus) .... 53
inexoratus. (Sigmodon h.) ...224, 229
inexpectatus. (Rhithrodontomys)
05. 0) 5 RMR 5) Somme Ai st 258, 271
intuscatus. (Bradwpous) ... sear 22), 23
ingrahami. (Capromys)...... 390, 304
insignis. (Peromyscus) ...... 174, 203
imsolisus. (Lepus)....... 417, 421, 425
insularis. (Didelphys m.)....... GAN 0-7,
insularis, .(Lepus),.........; 431, 438
tsilamse \(Viatmosa)!.. - :'-- ae 5 7
intermedia. (Neotoma).........
a. Eee, 2°78, 2oOmaOAn aos
intermedius. (Globicephalus).... 52
intermedius. (Perognathus) .....
CS aia <n Reina «icy 357, 304, 305
intermedius. (Rhithrodontomys m.)
As: EMT Clore Roos | 257, 204
intermedimis, (Scirus) Sa7ae. 127
intermedius. (Thomomys f.) .333, 336
imtenpres:=. (Citellws) i.e. cma: 140, 143
interpres. (Spermophilus)....... 143
INbEnpTesiy CL AMPAS)’ sessivetneey anes: 143
iasimeuis: | \\( Tl richechus)) leew. > . BS
igazie ye (Atcodon)...;) «+ aanmeene. 273, 274
irroratus. (Heteromys) ...... 369, 370
isoden pilorides .....2 ce: 389, 390
isthmica. (Dasyprocta) ..405, 406, 407
isthmica. (Neotoma) ....-. . 278, 287
isthmius. (Heteromys p.) ....375, 378
galapes. ‘(Musim.) stoi. 162, 163
jalape. (Oryzomys)..... 235, 246, 247
jalape. (Rhithrodontomys c.) 258, 267
janiga. (Delphigys), v.10. :).... 55
jubata. (Myrmecophaga)........ 20
PAGE
Vat =a: WEP) iA ERROR occ Gyles a RED occ 40
Keyphobalgena . ..),cees co kent ene 40
labecula. (Peromyscus)...... 172, 178
lA DIA TUS qa aSaSsiln. saan 66
labilis. (Loncheres).......... 383, 384
Wabouralse: « .\7 leew eT. 400
laenatum. (Coendu) ........ 400, 402
LAgomonrphia..« times Wuammete ee aks. 4Il
Lagomyidee’.\gqemt. 1 Semen ets tre a 4II
Lagutis’. . .. Sets > cqetemtin’ at) aia s. 299
lateralis, (Gupeilus)ieeacc..-\. te 147
latifrons. (Neotoma)........ 277, 282
latifrons. (Orthogeomys) ....322, 324
latirostiiS: mm Uvlctaitis Meier nen 37
latirostis. mtONCimtelies «16. ame 51
Latra:tmminmal one itcs: cis» coe pean Be
latfans. MMeyIOTIYVS)) ors 5 uss) metal aes 155
Leconte wus) iis: ldterct ee ae une 256
Leoparniiens sp tens tokshin4 ghee 410, 411
Weyoyeyetaheis)) NGSTeubhimblp ho aia: cu We a 7 130
lepionhiyare iia Chat) ese 34
lepturus, (Eleteromys s.).... ; 369, 373
lepturus. (Peromyscus): 2... . 174, 204
SSM otecavareuisavarsarernived Alte aes 413, 426
Vepuswallent st 5o6. 5a. aneec 431, 433) 434
lepiised. palitats... 5 0 nse oe 431,434
Lepu@reaQuatictigvs.. . a0. ameh ane 414
Leptisra:: attwatert. oi. .b 60 eae. ue 414
Lepus arizone....... 417, 423, 424, 425
Leptishar COLM|IS een wenteaeee AL7, 424
Lepus a. major .....: 417,423,424, 425
Lepusie minor iy seve 4 amielee 417,423
Lepusartemesia: ©... nn). teneeee.: « 425
IE PUuStaSeltis . - inte) ale. arena 431, 435
Lepus auduboni.......... 417, 422, 429
Lepus baelamani - an 0s... .. 428, 429
Peps benmmettl . eye... <5 437
Lepese. Atl... cee - +4 431, 438
Lepusicallotis.....:ees. 431, 432, 433
Lepusicetresensis .. ima... .. en 428
Lepus cinerascens........ 428, 429, 430
Vepusidiagii. ..\. i eRaeai a) . cates 412
LEpusdOuglasi.;. canes... sale 415
*MVEDUS Cian eee. iekeakas + +s 417,424
Lets edwards! ....,. fen. 6s sale 438
*Lepus durangé proves to be the same as L.
holzneri, and therefore becomes a synonym of that
species. See Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.,
1904, p. 210.
xii INDEX OF LATIN NAMES.
PAGE
Lepus flavigularis .. ise... - 930m 431
Lepus floridanus......... 418, 420, 421
Lepus f. iaztects),. . . acme. 417, 418, 419
Lepus f..chapmami...- 3)... aa 417
epics i, holier... - je + =a 417, 419
Repus ft. mallurus:...... 295)... 2m 422
Lepus f. persultator.......... 417, 418
Lepus f. subcinctus ...... 416, 417, 418
Lepus ft. yucatanicys ..-. 7c 417, 419
eps PADI... sees oe 426, 427, 428
Lepus eatlardi.. .. Mee. Ssh 431, 433
Lepue ey patty! .... «Gir, <5 ems 431, 433
Lepus Sraysoni .. . chines lone 417, 426
Lepus ienarus ... .. es. as 426, 428
Lepus insolitus:.... sma. 417, 421, 425
epus MSUIATIS: |... . 4 ¢aeyee « 22% 431, 438
uepus martirensis... . aie +> 431, 439
Lepus merriami ......... 431, 432, 435
Lepus mexicans. 32). fap. «+ sa 431
Repus nigricavdatus, ... -oy.. =. 431
Lepus nuttalli .arel: <)> 2 417, 423, 425
epus O©iZabee sisi n «| ares: 417, 425
Depus palustris: (csr. is bi aia 414, 415
Lepus parvulus.c. hse. sales 417, 421
Lepus peninsularis .. 3. 5.4... +5 428, 430
Lepus MIChaAraSOmt. on. Sewn 437
Lepus wipedusi ys Geico. se sus'y s eberst aes 419
Ihepus' ruSsatus: cite «> <~ = eer 417, 420
Lepus sanctidiegi .4...... 22% 417,422
Lepus SylvaticuScn <> «+ sae - 415
Lepus texensis)).c0c ii% +. see 432, 435
Lepus t. deserticola ......25.. 431, 437
Lepus t. eremicus........ 431,435,436
uepus t. griseus). > 5). sake» 431, 436
Lepus't. mictopus. ....o.2 mae. . - 431, 436
Lepus timidus.. .....) sae. se 413
Vepus trowbridei. . satan. ae 420
Depus trGlie. «.... a. eee « 414, 415
Lepus ‘Vereeerucis.|.... ama». . 417, 420
Lepus wasmmetoni.. .iqaes: +s eee 410
leucodon. (Neotoma) T277 ~2ol, 252
leucogaster. (Hypudeus)....... 165
(Onychomys)....166, 168
leucogaster. (Sciurus) ip
(Scturus)s..205, 107, 019, 12e
leucogaster.
leucops.
leucops:, | GeelUurusia:) sce »~\o whe. s 119
leucotis. (Sigmodon) ....224, 230, 231
leucurus. (Citellus) ..... 140, 142, 143
leucurus. (Peromyscus). .174, 200, 201
leucurus. (Spermophilus) ....... 142
leucurus m@bemOIaS): Witeler..s: . a noi 142
PAGE
levipes. (Peromyscus) ....... 173, 195
levipes. (Rhithrodontomys) .....
Pe Gp uied soc eee 258, 270, 271
lichtensteini. (Cervus).......... 72
lichtensteini. (Odontoccelus)....69, '72
limitis. (Seturus Je) ieeees:.> ieee re te)
Lamnola guste. . sce cee 413, 414
lineata. -@Phoccena)igees. .: .. tee 48
Liomys .....(ie. . 2s eee 368, 369, 374
Liomys caitien.: see: = > tee 375
Liomys crispms: os: Woe e ei... o+ ee 380
Liomys C. S@hisus: ceo =e: one 380
Liomys hetero@larix’ Gia coo. et 380
Liomys obseuaas.: .. gene.) ee 379
Laomys orbiteieey.: : sie «soe 380
Liomys parvieeps «<3. .0eb 2s. <a 378
Laomys pheedigiws ss. ae.) = nae 379
Liomys plantimarensis ..225). .>.-. 3077
Liomiys p. isthimaius: . : oie, - « 378
Liomys*p. TOStEaGUS .. . came. >< : 378
Tiomys sonorama. ... i 7: - << 379
Piomiys: tomniditiseac): sve -eweeese). 2 376
Eiomys t. Mimores:’. scm... 2 os 207
Liomys Versecrucis. . i Sean, see 379
PS UTA . s\: geisha ss | eee ae rs3
moncheres \ivetewe .ieis cre eee ee 383
Eoncheres labiliss . 24.) .. ..gmeme 383, 384
(oncherine’~/aeeeee..- > eee =. 3 382
onchetes . aera : - Cae? 383
longicaudatus. (Heteromys)
i Ian ooo bons 360, 370, 372
longicaudum. (Tatu) same. ..:) 33
longicaudus. (Onychomys)...... 167
longicaudus. (Rheithrodon!).... 261
longicaudus. (Rhithrodontomys)
bisa... .s Vee. Spe eemOl, 202 mm
longimana. (Megaptera) ........ 41
longipes. (Onychomys)......... 167
longirostris. (Delphinus)........ 58
longirostris. (Prodelphinus) ..... 58
lophurus. (Peromyscus)..174, 204, 205
lucia. (Moschophoromys)....250, 251
Iers. (Oryzomiys)i. see aes 251
ludovicianus. (Arctomys) ....... 153
ludovicianus. (Cynomys)........
Pie sRehs. << 5 «+ ohana 153,154, 155, 150
fidovicianus. (Scirus)... .2e.. 124
ludovicianus. (Sciurusn.) ...... IIo
macrocephalus. (Physeter)..... 44, 45
WeCrOCOIUS |... ..< (1. c.umnen. soeeanee 341
a ae
INDEX OF LATIN NAMES, xiii
PAGE
MaCrOgeOmiyse.... 6 ba ee a 310, 326
Macrogeomys cavator......... 328, 329
Macrogeomys cherrii...... 327,328) 330
Macrogeomys costaricensis .. . . 328, 330
Macrogeomys dolichocephalus .328, 329
Macrogeomys heterodus.......... 328
Macrogeomys pansa.......... 328, 329
macrorhynchus. (Globicephalus). 53
MIACLOPIEES. ss... 25nee . ee 68
macrotis. (Neotoma f.) . .277, 279, 283
macrotis. (Odontoccelus) ....... 76
macrotis. (Onychomys) ..... 165, 169
Macrotolactis:. .... see. so. 413, 414, 431
macrounus, (Citellws) . iene 149
macrourus. (Spermophilus)...... 149
MACTOSIS)..:... cane. ae a ihe 93
Macroxus griseiflavus ........... 124
madrensis. (Callospermophilus).. 147
madnrensis. (Citellas)) ...\ nee 140, 147
madrensis. (Peromyscus) ....174, 197
faajome (Delplmis)..:... . cee - BS
major. (Lepus 4a.) ..417, 423) 424,425
major. (Sigmodon h.) ...224, 226, 228
qailecis: (lepusit.) 10.0. eeass 422
managuensis. (Sciurus) ...97, 114, 129
Mmanaguensis. (Sciurus b.) ...... 120
EATIORAIS,...- UNE er... : dig eens 36
Manatis latizesths........ seme. . 37
Maniaeus managus........-.05.-+. 37
manatis. (WManatus)...sanses... 27
manatus. (Trichechus)...... eines 02.317
margarite. (Perognathus). ...357, 363
marginatus. (Delphinus) ....... 55
marginatus. (Prodelphinus)..... 58
Wikemanve(S:), SIMMEotN Sy OS Bota eit Oe 4
Marmosa canescens .....25:-... cigkeyyre!
Marmosarcha pinata. tania. |. 4
MamimOSayCcinenea +, .selsaepen ae 557.
Marmosa fulviventer....:....... Gare:
Marmosauinsulanis) 0 seem as. - Say
Marmosa mexicana .. lem. ....- oO
Mamimosa gnitis' ava seem 4. 8
MAGMOSA MAUTING) 2. sevens. 5,6
DiataHOSAa /OAKACR:):\. dete ei 5,8
Marmiosa sinaloz \.< a Siac se: « 5,6
IAS UD IANA... acts asene aes <- I
marsupialis. (Didelphys) ....... 14
martirensis. (Lepus)......... 431, 439
martirensis. (Peromyscus) ...173, 189
meartirensis, (SilOmiysyie. ...:- « 189
martirensis. (Thomomys) ... .333, 336
PAGE
mascotensis. (Sigmodon) ....... 21277
mascotensis. (Sigmodonh.) .....
ER < Gee. 5 SYPAR i 223, 227, 220
MAAUTUS; FMSCIUMUGIE, . | cen, 116
Mazamaiin... «sap 1 ae 68,79
Mazama:h. peninsula ........... 78
Mazama, pandotaen:.....\aeeeiy >. 80
Mazamaisartoriiee « vaseeee os 79, 80
Mazamaytema ee... (aetna se 80
mearnsi. (Perognathus) ..... 353) 354
mearnsi, « (Stimatis) sree as. owen 132
meas. (Scimmisida ean... - 94,133
mecisturus. (Peromyscus) ...175, 212
medius. (Peromyscus t.)........ Lay
megadon. (Oryzomys r.) .235, 243
Megadoritiogays. (eames... 5..ceanee 212
Megadontomys flavidus....... 212204
Megadontomys nelsoni ....... 202, 214)
Megadontomys thomasi ..212, 213, 214
Megalemsgs .b em haat Vr anateaat 250
megalops. (Peromyscus) .....175, 210
megalotis. (Peromyscus) ....... 193
megalotis. (Reithrodon!) ....... 259
megalotis. (Rhithrodontomys) ..
Reel rive Ry 256, 257, 259, 260, 261, 262
RSE vot tiite\aioliege-d\s pele aa,8) tiekeee 40
Megaptera longimana ........... 41
Megaptera n. bellicosa........... 41
Megaptera versabilis ............ 41
Mesamterota ees. -..<\0 tae sud ate ceeueey: 40
Mesapteropaige .a..7 naire em as eee 41
Melamia. ‘(SociiniS)) a. eee 97, 114, 128
melanocarpus. (Peromyscus) ....
melanonotus. (Sciurusn.) ...... 107
melanophrys. (Hesperomys) .... 201
melanophrys. (Onychomys).....
ee. Coe yee 165, 166, 167
melanophrys. (Peromyscus).....
eyes). ee 174, 180, 201, 202, 203
melanotis. (Oryzomys) .........
A Seen 25S 235, 236, 243, 244
melanotis. (Perognathus a.)..353, 356
melanotis. (Peromyscus) 172, 178,179
melanotis. (Sigmodon)....... 224, 232
melanura. (Neotomai.) ..... 278, 284
melanurus. (Capromys)......390, 391
melanurus. (Dipodomys m.) .343, 348
melas. (Delphintisyee...-.sasee 52
melas. (Globicephalus) ..... 47, 52, 53
melas. (Globiocephalus!) ....... ig
xiv INDEX OF LATIN NAMES.
PAGE PAGE.
memina. (Chironectes).......... 3 | microdon. (Sigmodon h.) ....223, 226
meridionalis. (Pseudorca)....... Bad Microlagusies, saints « « 413, 414, 428
mefriami. (Cratogeomys) ....312,313 | microps. (Delphinus) .......... 55
merriami. (Dipodomys) ........ microps. (Prodelphinus) ...o2ge: 58
LO Coen, ROMS 343, 345) 340, aagmeeas | micropus. “(Lepus t.) 7... ...-4gF436
metriami. (Geomys) ........ 3aamigi3 | micropus. (Neotoma) .........%
merriami. (Lepus) ...... ABT, A |G ge. ee 276, 277, 281, 282
mertiami. (Peropnathus) ~...353ga64 | Microsciturus)... 2m. -': « 91, 94, 98
metrriami .(Peromyscus) .....174,198 | microspilotus. (Citelluss.) ......
menmami, 9 (Tamias)i.,.....2S, 1 SOmmte gall). << <> = otenersl eee 140,144,145
mernami., )\(Tamiasia:)....22...% 137 | microspilotus. (Spermophilus s.).. 145
mesamericana. (Didelphys) ..... Microtinze J 9a... svete ees 250, 298
Pl SAR RRBs) <<) + 3 Ges 14,15, [Ogee Nicrotus - . 7.Gie.\. eke: «2 5 ee
mesomelas. (Peromyscus t.) .172,177 | Microtus californicus............ 302
mesopolius. (Perognathus f.).... Microtus c. hyperythrus.. .300, 301, 302
ta ee sn tise! 9 ae 356, 358, 367 | Microtus fulviventer ............ 301
Meta chins teen. c.> : onic. seen tz | Microtus guatemalensis......: 305, 306
Metachirus fuscogriseus...... Il, Y2pean) Microtus mexteamus.. .Angee se =,..* 301
Metachirus f. pallidus .......... CT neen) Microtus m..phizeus. ... .eeea. 301, 302
Metachirus nudicaudatus ....... Ir, 12 | Microtus mogollonensis .......... 302
Metachirus opossum... di... E2QpMictotus pinetorum .. -/ ices. 303
Wetachirus quicayemen« <<. seme. .st 12.) *Mlicrotus quasiater ....... Jame. =< « 303
metallicola. (Peromyscus) ...173,192 | Microtus umbrosus........... 304, 305
TAS. CRULSIODS)> satanic nw esis <r ahe SO iMigerurus ..-5..25eeb): Cees oe 299
mexicana, (Antilocarpa a.) ...:.81,82 |jminima. (latral.... 2.5. l9e..s baat
mexicana. (Dasyprocta) .....404,405 | minimus. (Chironectes)........ Deas
mexicana. (Marmosa) .......... 5,6 | minimus. (Sigmodon)....... 224, 230
giexicana. .(Neéotoma) .-) 2.20.) Minor. (Heteromyst.) ....an 374, 377
Smee corey, 2477, 282, 283) 285, 283 iemnor. (Lepusia.)y.~.-.. amet 7 eee
mexicanum. (Coendu)...400, 4017, 402 |§muinor. (Liomys t))5--..29en--- 377
mexicans... (Cervus)! 1: 5 aaa: 72 | missouriensis. (Cynomys)....... 155
mexicanus. (Citellus) .:.140,145,146 | mitchelli. (Dipodomys)...... 343, 344
mexicanus. (Cynomys) ...... 153, T5G@emitis. (Marmosa). in. 2 cae. ee 8
mexicanus. (Hemiotomys)...... 301 | mogollonensis. (Microtus) ...... 302
mexicanus. (Hesperomys) ...... 207 | molestus. (Oryzomys) .......234, 240
memicimus.. i(Hystrix) sean... '< 402 | Miagex..... icp Ree Renee. Sine 153
MExicanuS) GuepUS)\-.aemee «ee 43 | monmochrura. (Neotoma)=...... 278
MERICATTMIS SE NITCTOGIUS) Meena. «2 oe 301 |ggemr. (Delphinus)... See: . «2 Ss
mexicanus. (Odontoccelus)..... 70,72 | meeeto. (Sciurtis) 20o 7. gees « / oun 116
mexicanus. (Oryzomys)......... morulus. (Sciurus v.) ....96, 104, 105
ete uses. +234, 298, 242, 243, 246 jiameschatus. (Delpiingejem. .22.. 55
IBEXICANUS MUO VIS Ghee... ee $4, 86. | Miieschomys.. . <4: sees <3 250, 308
mexicanus. (Perognathus f.)..353, 355 | Moeschophoromys.......0%...<... 250
mexicanus. (Peromyscus)....... Moschophoromys desmaresti . .250, 251
Loree ee: . «ae 172, 206, 207, 208 | Moschophoromys lucie .......250, 251
mexicanus. (Rhithrodontomys) Mage... 5.25. 161, 162, 255, 275, 306
Seen ew cee se oes Mh pO4, 265, 268) | mmmana, (Didelphysyeae... ee 4,5
MEXICANUS: H(SCIUTUS)E eReeie some 146°| amugmna. @Marmosa)! .) eae... > cee 5, 6
MicourenSiaeee\ «>. . ose ee GS ROUNETIGR eck). ss 5. Skee Oe 161, 162
Micoureus canescens ............ 69) EIRENE cs ais. ss cs Shee ee 162, 306
microdon. (Rhithrodontomys) 258, 269 | Mus alexandrinus............ 162, 164
INDEX OF LATIN NAMES.
PAGE,
Miisranonlaltise).....0. dene. < ieee 368
itsrar Valiseees...... 3 ets ae 298
Bers califormeus ... 6... 05e( sige 203
MRIS Citelittswere... .-. cise esl eee 139
Mis decumamus ...... 88. . same 164
IMitisidesmanesti ......2 ame. eee 250
Mus lecomette.!... i 60g: . eee 256
Nits mses: ........2 Selene. 162, 181
Mus mivadalape ..... 29g... ies 162, 163
Mus norvegicus ...... 162, 164, 165, 250
IMIS pacaiee..... sia. bene 408
MEST pakustms: . . . . sera. <1 ceeeeer B20
MUS oilorties.... . al... cee: 250
MiSeraG@ Soe. a «awe soe 162, 163, 164
Muss. noveboracensis ..g).22 4. - 170
Mussteetonui : ..cymec - . heeeeemee 164
Mais tGuizales ./ < .. ae: «cee eee 310
MusmamctiS: ... . Cares... = eeemmes 158
musculoides. (Peromyscus a.).172, 180
musculus. ~(Mas\ie... 2 seer 162, 181
musculus. (Peromyscus) .171, 175,176
musemius. (Sitomys) ....... eke 175
mustelmus. “(Sciumas)) <5: .. wee: nas
MINA GRaM ECT a eee et phecciaia sid RB So ciate Aloe os 298
MiyoOcacter COV ptt) sei .a. 4s Anata 382
WIS U2 2 ee ee ae 403
myosuna. Camandua) ...cceee: 27
Miy Goeeinnly Sarees. sss. cc ae 214
Miyoxasrchrystnus........ .- ame 383
Myrimecolichmts;.. .... «. 0g ete s 25
Mytinecephagiay...:..: . <asavners => 29
Myrmecophaga didactyla......... 24
Myrmecophaga jubata........... 29
Myrmecophaga sellata........... 28
Myrmecophaga tetradactyla .... 26, 27
Myrmecophaga tridactyla ....24, 29, 30
Myrmecophacida «7. a poe < 24
Myriiydom. .. 2. cha deena + o' 2
miysticetus. (Balena) .:22..... 39
AMS ee Alec U1) epee ae) eee sie 62
mamiuce (Dayasstl).\.2sageeee 3.2). 62
nawuss (Neotoma)).-. vam > 277, 282
nayaripensis. (Sciurus) je. ....<.
SSR ra 95, 106, 107, 108
nebrascensis. (Peromyscus 1.) ... 188
neglectus. (Platygeomys) ....318, 319
negligens. (Sciurus)...... 94, IOI, 102
mnelson1. “(ileteromiys) eae... - 381
nelsoni. (Megadontomys) ....212, 214
nelsoni, (Odontoccelts\maaa. ... 69,75
'
XV
PAGE.
nelsoni. (Orthogeomys) ..... 322, 324
nelsoni. Ory zone). ase). 234, 235
nelsoni. 4@Owis: C.)Mei.e aes eee 84, 85
nelsoni. (Pappogeomys) ©. .3-n-. 320
nelsoni. (Perognathus)...357, 364, 365
nelsoni. (Peromyscus) ..7...-... 214
nelsoni. (Romerolagus)...... AII, 412
nelsoni. (Sciurus) .96, 98, 114, 120, 121
nelsoni. (Thomomys) ....... 334, 339
nelsoni, (CSenlomiys) ree one 201, 292
nelsont... (Xayhomnys) bere as. en 381
Nelsonia: ..) cee «nen. ol, eae 289
Nelsonia \coldinani fase. 45-146 eee 290
Nelsonia neotomodon ........ 289, 290
Nemoralicaum(Cenviis) eee esc 74
nemoralis. (Odontoccelus) ..69, 73,74
Nemoxraliswe(Sciumusas)... + chee 118
nemoralis. (Sciurus p.) ...96,114, 118
NETIOTAISH (OCLUMGUS twa). sia eine 118
Neod oneren ctecaie canteens tite eens 299
Ne@filbeie, seis 8 nets ce ee cee ees 299
Neomiys_panatniensisi . 12 emer 219
INGOSCIUISUS) ape veret, «oc + sete beers are 93
Nentema ts 5. d0- 275, 270, 277, 202
NeGtomiaalilenigy ar sty. s tee 296, 207
Neotoma anthonyi........... 278, 283
Neotoma arenacea.......02..: 277, 283
Neotoma bella felipensis ......278, 286
Neotoma bryaati.. 2... 0.2... > s2 97 2e0
Neotomea calittioenied.\2. 2 ese. ose e 284
Neotoma canescens .....:..-.-.- 281
Neotoma cumulator..........277, 280
Neotoma distincta i. .. gaa. = 277, 278
Neotomaferrigimedse sees 277. 280
INeotomaforidanar sane meine 276
Neotoma fulviventer .....278, 286, 288
Neotoma fuscipes........ 277, 2478, 279
Neotoma f. macrotis ..... 277) 2 OM 2O8
Nestomancoldimainyzmaeme): . 02): 278, 288
Neotoma intermedia .278, 280, 284, 285
Neotoma i. albigula ......278, 285, 286
Neotoma i. angusticeps....... 278, 285
Neotomad. durangeeseen-....- - 278, 285
Neotomaninmmelanunameme ....- 278, 284
Neotomadsthmica jaemer.....- 278, 287
Neotomadatiirons: fear... . 2747, 282
Neotoma leucodon ....... 277, 281, 282
Neotomarnmexicanayaae... ..-.5-5
5 Ne ccc 3 eae 277, 282, 283, 285, 288
Neotoma micropus ...276, 277, 281, 282
Neotoma
TMONOCIstaa me --- - ue 278
xvi
Neotoma navus
Neotoma orizabe
Neotoma parvidens.......
Neotoma picta
Neotoma simplex
Neotoma sinaloz
Neotoma splendens
INDEX OF LATIN NAMES.
5+. a
... ge
Neotoma tenuicauda ..... 278, 286, 289
Neotoma torquata............ 277, 279
Neotoma tropicalis........... 278, 288
INGOUOMMASWENUISta.. fam . < afew) nee 284
Weotoming (.....5 she. calmaea ys 276
Neotomeodon:. |. ss cums. shone am 292
Neotomodon alstoni...... 292, 203, 204
Neotomodon orizabe .........293, 204
Neotomodon perotensis .......... 293
neotomodon. (Nelsonia) .....289, 290
nerterus. (Rhithrodontomys c.)258, 267
nicoyana,’) CSeiFUs) 524... ies 127
HIST... “CSCHMTUS Mon. 2.6 ke oles «iso IIS
nigrescens. (Heteromys s.) .. . 369, 370
nigrescens. (Peromyscus m.) .172, 176
nigricans. (Thomomys f.) ....333, 335
nigricaudatus, (Leptis), ..<.....5. 431
nitellinus. (Nyctomys).......215, 216
norvegicus. (Mus) ..162, 164, 165, 250
INGLASOSUEI omer «19 Sa eel 5
INOTOPIOFUS .\4 5 emia \ 8s Tietseegls es 62
nove-hispanie. (Coendu)....... 402
nove-zelandiz. (Delphinus)..... 59
nove-zelandie. (Prodelphinus) .. 59
noveboracensis. (Muss.) ....... 170
movemcinctum.. (lati)! aan. -- 3334
novemcinctus. (Cabassous) ..... 34
novemcinctus. (Dasypus)..... 3283
nuchalis. (Sciurus c.) 507, [idan 22
nudicaudata. (Didelphys) ..... rr, 12
nudicaudatus. (Metachirus) ....11, 12
nudicaudus. (Hesperomys). ..... 217
nudicaudus. (Tylomys)..217, 218, 219
nudipes. (Hesperomys)......... 198
nudipes. (Peromyscus) ...... 174, 198
muttallic Pa(epus) cee 417, 423, 425
nuttalli. (Peromyscus) ...... 169, 183
Nyctomivuins «: -. oo. animes «alee ¢ 214
Nyctomys decolorus .........215, 216
Nyctomys nitellinus.......... 215, 216
Nyctomys sumichrasti........ 215, 216
Oaxaca, s(Niarmosa)) seeiiy. «cee Be
oaxacensis. (Peromyscus)... .174, 206
PAGE.
obscurus. (Heteromys) ...... 375,379
obscurus: i(liomiys)eer..... . nee 379
obscurus. (Perodipus)....... 349, 350
obscurus. (Perognathus)........ 358
obscurus. (Rhithrodontomys m.).
es SS, See 257, 261
obscurus. (Tamias)...... 134, 135, 136
Ochetodon 3a). .. ees. = on 256
QOchetomiys) ae... -eweeeeee << =. eee 299
ochrognathus. (Sigmodon) . ..224, 230
OCLOCIN CEM amy Gl aii) eee 6s. ee aia
Octodontidia en... . -iimeaie ess ee 382
oculatus. (Sciurus) ..95, 106, 107, 108
Odobsenus...iea... cases ya 36
Odocoileus! agai, :. <ceyaeen © vs ais 68
Odocoileus! spefeus. “oe... <i: 68
OdontobenuSee. . soem. see 36
Odontocoelus apne... . Came. oe 68
Odontoccelus americanus 69, 70, 75
Odontoccelus a. couesi....... 69, 70, 71
Odontoccelus a. Mexicanus....... 70
Odontoccelus a. texensis ........ 69, 7°
Odontoccelus auritus ............ 76
Odontoccelus batiyi.. .5... 2a. .% 60, 71
Odontoccelus cerrosensis ........ 69, 76
Odontoccelus clavatus ........... 73
Odontoccelus costaricensis ...... 69, '73
Odontoccelus hemionus .. .69, 76, 77, 78
Odontoccelus h. californicus
Odontoccelus h. canus .......... 69,78
Odontoccelus h. eremicus ....... 69, 77
Odontoccelus h. peninsule ...... 70,78
Odontoccelus lichtensteini....... 69, 72
Odontoccelus macroti§ ...2....... 76
Odontoccelus mexicanus ......... 72
@dontoccelus nelsomi.. jee... - - <5 60,75
Odontoccelus nemoralis...... 69, 73, 74
Odontoccelus rothschildi ........ 69, 72
Odontoccelus, sinaloz ........... 70, 78
Odontoccelus thomasi .......... 60,75
@dontoccelus toltecus fae. ..... - 69, 74
Odontoccelus truii ....... 69, 73) 74, 75
Odontoccelus virginianus ........ 70
Odontoccelus yucatanensis ....... 74
TEICLOSUS®, ..:... . autho ames os came 65
@ingoryzomys .. 122.58. = e280) eee
(OE i an ees Seth oa 308
ReegCDOMYS ... . {syle oe 165
Onychomys leucogaster....... 166, 168
Onychomys longicaudus ......... 167
INDEX OF LATIN NAMES.
Onychomystongipes ...%....20K5 167
Onychomys macrotis .....165, 169, 170
Onychomys melanophrys..165, 166, 167
Onychomys m. pallescens .....165, 166
Onychomys ramona.......... 165, 167
Onychomys torridus .165, 166, 167, 168
Onychomys t. arenicola ...... 165, 168
Onychomys t. perpallidus .....165, 168
Miplaceniiaic..’.... .-abguags: » <Saeeene 68
opossum. (Metachirus)......... 12
orbitalis. (Heteromys) ...... 375, 380
Drbitalices CLiomys)iy....: aaa. 380
RCo Eas... . «= eee tos et 50
ered: welphinus)ig-..... +. eee ely Gu
oproen, ((OhethaheN ea. a ope 05 toc wae 50, 51
Oremiisms..: + «-: aero. . ene 50
Orommerarcticus a... .:.. vaanas 51
Orctums etiropeusiu.......0eekeso 51
Orempe eladiaton..\. ..'.’s; nama oi
Oremus latirostijey: «.. :.. sean 51
Oneraites OCA.’ etad.. . . - are 50, 51
Orcmme schlegelitgan..... .../1 50m, 4 51
Orcimgs stenorhyn¢ha.:).... 475.) Gu
eter. s(Dipodomiys) : 74.1. setae 350
Bicin KPErOdipusy: aii. «0» aes 349, 350
oreocetes. (Cratogeomys) ....313, 314
oresterus. (Peromyscus) .....174, 200
orzgabe. (lepus)..........a8 417, 425
orizabes. (Neotoma) ........ 278, 286
orizabe. (Neotomodon) ..... 293, 294
orizabe. (Peromyscus m.)....174, 207
orizabe. (Rhithrodontomys) .258, 266
orizabe. (Thomomys)....... Ban, 337
ornatus. (Dipodomys)....... 343, 344
Orthogpeamys. wir lae-. .cterees 310, 322
Orthogeomys grandis............ 322
Orthogeomys latifrons........ 322, 324
Orthogeomys nelsoni ......... 322, 324
Orthogeomys scalops . ....322, 323, 324
RRmOnIyS..... .. ase 299, 300, 304
WOME EOSINYV ES): . . . + a: cils Mem Rs a « 332
Onzomys =... . ts. 232,233, 248, 252
Oryzomys albiventer..........234, 236
Onyzourysvaliar.2)40 seh eemeaNe nets 234, 242
Oryzomys angusticeps ........235, 245
Oryzomys antillarum......... g35, 247
Orygomys aquaticus!.9y.4-.:... 241
Oiyzomys bulleri..\." see. «. -234, 239
Oryzomys chapmani .234, 237, 238, 239
Oryzomys c. caydatus........234, 238
Opyzomys.c. dilutior, Je... . .234, 238
xvii
PAGE.
Oryzomiysie, saturatior . ja... .; 234, 230
Ory zomySrenerritae eee oe BIG 2165/3
Oryzomysiehildi Way sae ee 244
Oryzomys chrysomelas.,......... 253
Oryzomys costaricensis ..........
Be RES 3 2 «CoO 233, 235, 249, 250
Oryzomys couesi ....234, 236, 239, 247
Oryzomys cozumele# ......... 234, 241
Oryzomiys Crime... nearer. 235, 245
Oryzomys c. aghecus .........234, 245
Oryzomiys degeic. . jmeeniees fis 235, 244
Oryzomiys (fulgensi eee ess 234, 240
Oryzomys fulvescens......... 235, 248
Oryzomys goldmani..........235, 246
Oryzomys hylocetes.......... 234, 237
Oryzomys jalape........ 235, 246, 247
Oryzomys j. apatelius........ 235, 246
OryZomiyseys Pulsgis od. a. eae Peat NR
Oryzomniyeqluiciasius. ocinens. at eee 251
Oryzomys melanotis .235, 236, 243, 244
Oryzomys mexicanus............
die! Soares Lal RT 234,235, 242, 2430200
Oryzomys m. peragrus ....... 225, aaie
Oryzomys molestus...........234, 240
Opyzoniys nelsont ) se. eo 234, 235
Oryzomys palatinus..........234, 237
Onyzomiys: palustris’... .. s... ee 242
Oryzomys panamensis........ 234, 241
Oryzomys peninsule.......... 234, 230
Oryzomys rhabdops...... 234, 237, 240
Oryzomys richmond ......... 235, 248
Oryzomys rostratus ......235, 243, 244
Oryzomys r. megadon ........235, 243
Oryzoniys ritusie ene eee: . 234, 239
Oryzomys talamance ........234, 241
Oryzomys teapensis..........235, 247
Ory Zomuvsy beCtuSs mmm aids = as 235, 245
Oryzomys vegetus....5.:...: .235,240
OurzOmimer ViCtus w: wei. «hcg 235, 244
Oryzomys yucatanensis....... 234, 230
Oryzomys zygomaticus .......234, 241
OSteopetare. <i saamneiees > s. .ncnee 408
Ofelaphusi....: oc aes. . / cee 68
Ofccclobusy. . fecmeceiae: «. .< oun 130
PtOswOSinG - . vc Mae ss... gee 352
ORGSCTUGTON:. ...10 eee ss. = O1, 94, III
Otospermophilus ........ 139, 140, 148
Giasylomivs:: =... 2s Mena... «5 oud 220
Ototylomtys phyllotis:........220, 22%
Ototylomiys p. Plasise. s.-..- <5 nee 221
otus. (Rhithrodontomys 1.) ..258, 271
xviii INDEX OF LATIN NAMES.
PAGE
SO ae: So Se S3 | parviceps. (Liomys)<.......25%, 378 '
Phvis arieS..2:.. 25. ~ . Sees = 83 | p rvidens. (Citellusm.) ..... T40, 146
Cyvis Cervima . oss... <a: ae 86 | parvidens. (Neotoma) ....... 278, 288 :
QOvis c. cremnobates. ........... 84,85 | parvidens. (Spermophilus m.)... 146 ;
Owis C. mexicanuS ....//25....% 84,86 | parvulus. (Lepus) .......... 417, 421
eee Helsori 3X... 2caee s . ae 84,85 | parvus. (Dipodomys m.) ....343, 346 }
JO dS ee ee Re 85 | paulus. (Peromyscus) .......172, 176
pavidus. (Peromyscus) ...... 174, 197
(2 org) ie ee | Se OS 408 peba. (Tateuji... vaeeenee ... <0 33
PAGRN TesaaTGl).. sk . NEE < « oe 408 pecari. (Tagassu) .......... 65, 66, 67
Pato eeeas). . . < Uek.. see 408 | pecari. (Tayassu) ............- 65, 66
pacificus. (Perognathus) .. ...353, 355 pectoralis. (Peromyscus a.) ..173, 192
Peescopia .....----- 2220s esses Seon Pedomys «. .\. cans ss anes 3\s So 290
palatinus. (Oryzomys) ...... 234, 237 | penicillatus. (Perognathus) . .358, 359
palitans. (Lepus a.) ......... 431,434 | penicillatus. (Peromyscus b.) .173, 196
pallescens. (Onychomys m.). .165, 166 peninsule. (Citellus 1.) ..140, 141, 143
pallidum. (Cercolabes) ......... 40I | peninsule. (Mazamah.) ........ 78
pallidum. (Coendy)..<.c 5... -. 400, 401 | peninsule. (Odontoccelus h.) ...70, 78
pallidus. (Caluromys 1.) ....... 9,10 | peninsule. (Oryzomys) ......234, 236
pallidus. (Fiber z.) ......... 307,308 | peninsule. (Perognathus s.).....
pallidus. (Metachirus f.) ....... SYS SOL... SR ees . Ge 357. 363, 364
pallidus. (Perognathus f.) ...357, 366 | peninsule. (Rhithrodontomys) ..
pallidus. (Philander l.) ......... TO) [leek sw. . Se PRS «Se 257, 263 '
pallidus. (Rhithrodontomys 1.) .. peninsula. (Tamias 1.) ......... 143
sis shte ee hw ve eae s «0957, 2OG eemincolanicn ALGees) eae 428, 430 ’
pallidus. (Sigmodon h.)......... 228 | peragrus. (Oryzomys m.) ....235, 243 -
pallidus. (Tamiasq:) ..%... 566... 135 | perditus. (Thomomys) . .334, 338, 339 ;
palmata. (Chironectes) ......... 3 | peregrinus. (Cratogeomys) ...313, 314 i
palmeri. (Dipodops 0.) ......... 350 | peregrinus. (Thomomys) ....334, 337
palmeri. (Perodipus 0.)...... 349, 350 | pernix. (Perognathus). . .357, 359, 360
Palaeicolea <5 so Brews ok eeete 299, |imerodipus\.. . ..iJck ue cs ee 348, 340 i
palustris. (Lepus) ........5: 414, 415 | Perodipus agilis ......... den 349, 351
paenstris. . (MMsitd. sees vate. 233 | Perodipus chapmani ......... 349, 350
palustris. (Oryzomys) .......... 242 | Perodipus obscurus .....is,.. 349, 351
panamensis. (Neomys) ......... arg | Berodipus ordi |. 6s... Seelam - 349, 350
panamensis. (Oryzomys) . ...234,241 | Perodipus palmeri ...,....... 349, 350
panamensis. (Procchinennes. Ga Peroenathus °. «0. cca cee 352, 353, 368
Ss eee 385, om 388 | Perognathus anthonyi ........358, 366
panamensis. (Tylomys) .....217,219 | Perognathus apache............. 356
panamintimus. (Perognathus).... 355 | Perognathus a. melanotis ..... 353, 350
pandora. \(Mazama) ioe... ... 80 | Perognathus baileyi ...... 357, 301, 362
Pappogeotmma. . .<.xcunes « 310, 320 | Perognathus b. rhydinorhis ......
Pappogeomys albinasus ...... @20, 327 [ees ss. ee 357, 359, 302
Pappogeomys bulleri .....320, 321, 322 | Perognathus bimaculatus ........ 356°
Pappogeomys nelsoni ........... 320 | Perognathus cnecus ...4...... 357) 362, j
pansa. (Macrogeomys) ...... 328, 329 | Perognathus fallax ....... 357, 366, 367°
paradoxus. (Perognathus h.) .357, 361 | Perognathus f. pallidus ....... 357, 366 }
paraguensis. (Chironectes) ...... 3 | Perognathus fasciatus ........... 352
paralius. (Heteromys) ...... 375, 381 | Perognathus femoralis ........ 358, 367 «= &
PATASCIUTUS gine... <<. Ae eeete 91, 94, 110 | Perognathus f. mesopolius 356, 358, 367 :
parviceps. (Heteromys)...... 375,378 | Perognathus flavus ...... 353) 354) 355
Perognathus
Perognathus
Perognathus
Perognathus
Perognathus
Perognathus
Perognathus
Perognathus
Perognathus
Perognathus
Perognathus
Perognathus
Perognathus
Perognathus
Perognathus
Perognathus
Perognathus
Perognathus
Perognathus
Perognathus
Perognathus
Perognathus
Perognathus
Perognathus
Perognathus
Perognathus
Peromyscus
Peromyscus
Peromyscus
Peromyscus
Peromyscus
Peromyscus
Peromyscus
Peromyscus
Peromyscus
Peromyscus
Peromyscus
Peromyscus
Peromyscus
Peromyscus
Peromyscus
Peromyscus
Peromyscus
Peromyscus
Peromyscus
Peromyscus
Peromyscus
Peromyscus
Peromyscus
Peromyscus
INDEX OF LATIN NAMES.
PAGE.
Perognathus f. mexicanus.....353, 355
goldmani. ...357, 365,
ee ATUUS! Aiate ccs oN 357)
Inelleri..\ sae. sam Wee
hispidus ....357, 360,
h. paradoxus ....357,
h. zacatecas ..... 357,
intermedius . 357, 364,
Margarit# ....... 357)
MeEATNSIUN. «snus 353)
MeELHIAMU. . eee 353)
mel Sonia) 357, 304,
n,. canescens .....357,
ODSCURUS! o., coeieies
PAGINIGUS! : sae eee B53)
panamintinus .......
p. brevinasus ....353,
penicillatus ...... 358,
p. angustirostris .357,
p. arenarius .357, 358,
p. eremicus ...... 357);
Dei .. sans see Bb7;
MOTTMINe ss. ciwk 357) 359)
Py TOSGTATUS .). 357)
spinatus 357, 362, 363,
Suomyentl; sae 357,
S. peninsulz .357, 363,
eee 160, 1'70,
BEOIIS 8.5 esters 172, 180,
a. musculoides ...172,
GUULG SE 4. Sierras 172,
allophilus ........ 172,
altilaneus ....4/..). nes;
americanus arizone , .
a. deserticola ........
&. SONOTIENSIS, va... < -
amMplus scans 74,
anthonyi rea, ISS,
arboreus/sceweee «5 +
attwaterl\agom.....
a. eremicoides ....173,
a. pectoralis...... 173,
QUCUEUS Ree 174, 206,
AZTECUS Sic weeatens « 172
banderanus ..173, 189,
b. angelensis ..... 173,
b. vicinieragerse.: « 173;
beats... Gieitas .< 172,
boylii.:<,eeeey oc. £73,
b. penicillatus ....173,
b. rowleyi
>
306
365
360
301
361
361
365
G3 G) G2 & GW UO Oo
Annawan An
&Fwoomwo Oo ©
ws
> o>
A Oo
+ +
Peromyscus
Peromyscus
Peromyscus
Peromyscus
Peromyscus
Peromyscus
Peromyscus
Peromyscus
Peromyscus
Peromyscus
Peromyscus
Peromyscus
Peromyscus
Peromyscus
Peromyscus
Peromyscus
Peromyscus
Peromyscus
Peromyscus
Peromyscus
Peromyscus
Peromyscus
Peromyscus
Peromyscus
Peromyscus
Peromyscus
Peromyscus
Peromyscus
Peromyscus
Peromyscus
Peromyscus
Peromyscus
Peromyscus
Peromyscus
Peromyscus
Peromyscus
Peromyscus
Peromyscus
Peromyscus
Peromyscus
Peromyscus
Peromyscus
Peromyscus
Peromyscus
Peromyscus
Peromyscus
Peromyscus
Peromyscus
Peromyscus
Peromyscus
xix
PAGE,
POUL ES a) ante os 173, 193
CACADAUIS . scan a: <5 Dyn, aLo
californicus ..174, 201, 203
CCCI ii... us Semarerene 172,178
cedrosensis....... 173, 185
chetii. ..\-<aas 172, 183, 267
CLEMONS! Ami si 173, 195
COMMOTUS scliefen 174, 206
cozmumels i. ..... 172, 181
difficilis .173, 193, 194, 205
CCMPOUUS ermetaes Pies. 172, 181
GVOMUICUS hw peas
Ye 173, IOI, 192, 193, 199
€. arenarius ...... 173, 19!
@. pheurds: . . 0c Dy ay Lor
€. PLOPINGUUS J awe 185
OVE enore h 9/0 sheen 174, 198
0 tb Ee ae 172, 183
MENDEMSIS: tah 4, crass ton 174, 205
inkoya hol ValWkaen Gitegracnenn 179
fraterctflus ...172, 184, 185
EUG, oe ates 171,174, 208
SAMIDEIMSS lay easy nl tek 187
SUS vy. 4's 174, 199, 200
gerominensis ..... 17a, L8z
Sillberties. 4, cow were 195
SOlGmamd \cgnm cies 172, 186
gratus ...174, 195, 196, 197
THPOEN TINS NS i cu eee
guatemalensis ....175, 211
Sym Otas< aac os 173, 188
Hemionotis 13... 174, 199
homochroia ...... 174, 200
hylocetes) «ams... 174, 204
IN'SISMISTinineaeue ee: 174, 203
lalbecultiemacns:. 7: 172, 178
lepttiusiee..: aces 174, 204
leucopus blandus .172, 182
Le frlsotismerces <. see 172, 183
1. nebrascensis ....... 188
1. sonoriensis .172, 181, 183
leucurus .....174, 200, 201
1) Secures...) 5) 174, 201
leVipeSinwen. . 66. 173, 195
lophurus..... 174, 204, 205
madrensis ....... 174, 197
miartirencis ©. ./\.<sux 73, 189
mecisturus ....... iy Ayer pie}
megalops ........ 175, 210
mepalotiss... <<... 08 193
melanocarpus 175, 210, 211
XX
Peromyscus
Peromyscus
Peromyscus
Peromyscus
Peromyscus
Peromyscus
Peromyscus
Peromyscus
Peromyscus
Peromyscus
Peromyscus
Peromyscus
Peromyscus
Peromyscus
Peromyscus
Peromyscus
Peromyscus
Peromyscus
Peromyscus
Peromyscus
Peromyscus
Peromyscus
Peromyscus
Peromyscus
Peromyscus
Peromyscus
Peromyscus
Peromyscus
Peromyscus
Peromyscus
Peromyscus
Peromyscus
Peromyscus
Peromyscus
Peromyscus
Peromyscus
Peromyscus
Peromyscus
Peromyscus
Peromyscus
Peromyscus
Peromyscus
Peromyscus
Peromyscus
Peromyscus
INDEX OF LATIN NAMES.
PAGE PAGE.
melanophrys’..... 9 Peromyscus t. castaneus ...... 1 ae a By
S Adee 174, 180, 201, 202, 203 | Peromyscus t. mesomelas .....172,177
m. consobrinus ...174, 202 | Peromyscus tiburonensis...... 171, 175
m. Zamoraser..... 174, 202 | Peromyscus tornillo .......... 173, 188
melanotis ....172, 178,179 | Peromyscus truii ........ 189, 193, 197
m. zamelas ...... 72,179 | Peromyscus xenurus 7. ......- 174, 202
merriami ... 7Sae& 174,198 | Peromyscus yucatanicus ...... 173, 194
metallicola ....... E7a,eo2 | Peromyscus y. badius:2u..... 173, 194
mexicanus ..... . Ae Peromyscus zarhynchus ...... 174, 209
Se ks 172, 206, 207, 208 | Peromyscus z. cristobalensis ..175, 209
m. orizabee: : 228 174,207 | Peromyscus zelotes ...2:..... 174, 203
mm), Saxatilis . \Gm es iyave2ea7, | perotensis. ((Citellus)ieaa.. .. . 140, 145
m. teapensis ™. .- 172,207 | perotensis. (Cratogeomys) ......
Td. TOCONTEPECUSE a. jms css vis ot ea 312, 313, 314
Beiie sas toe 174, 207, 208 | perotensis. (Dipodomys) ....343, 344
musculus ....171, 175,176 | perotensis. _(Neotomodon) ....... 203
m. brunneus..... 172,176 | perotensis. (Rhithrodontomys) .. .
Mi, MISTESCENS! .... 17 Rega | ad. ss Rt 258, 266
NelSOniee.. 2) ars: < cise 214 | perotensis. (Spermophilus)...... 145
nudipaey, <<... ~h: 174,198 | perpallidus. (Onychomys t.) .165, 168
HUGH, 6. 5 ov on 169,183 | perpallidus. (Thomomys) ....334, 340
GAEACENSIS’: .. <5: 174, 206 | persultator. (Lepusf.) ...... 417, 418
GreStenuss. 25.0: we 174,200) |eetrorhynGchus vor. . cee eee os 47
PAWNS Beg kes cacy 172,176 | pheura. (Heteromys)....... 375, 379
DAVIGUS! Fcie0's 174, 1O¥ igppeura: Cliemiys) ‘oe oe 379
POISE God 0 sc 174,196 | pheurus. (Peromyscus e.) ...173, 191
propinquus ...... 172,185 ipheus. (Arvicelam:) ...Jge... 302
TOWIEYE. os 2 ss oa 189 | phzeus. (Microtus m.) ....... 301, 302
T pitaise.. .. sane 173,189 fephzus. (Ototylomiys p.) . ame - .- 2am
TUnnUS es... See 179 | phenax. (Teanopus) ........294, 205
SASAIE Vai. see 173,194 | philander. (Didelphys) ......... 9
SIMMUIAHUS << « vaya 174, 205) Philander 1. pallidus ..- soa, ...- be)
sonoriensis blandus .. 182 | phillipsi. (Dipodomys) .........
S: TUlWusie® «eee ee The ts oss . «2. eee eee 341, 342, 343, 344
spicilepus igen. <<. HeeCeene, . . og ee J 38, 48
5 SEEKS 172, 179, 180,198 | Phocena brachycium:- {7.29 . ... 22 ae
S.evides 2. sere. <: 172,179 \enocena COMMUAISI.. eee: «0 ee 48
S. SimulusS seer... « 172, 180 | Phecena crassidens. ./gms .... a5 51
stephensi ....173, 190, 199 | dempceena lineata’:: ... gee. - . sae 48
Rea ylori’, sees «<0 aes 175 | Bhocena phocenah: .. tee: <6: 48, 49
tehuantepecus ....174, 206 | Phoczena vomerina.............. 48
texensis ..... 173,181, 186 | phocena. (Delphinus) .......... 48
fi, ATIZONGS* ct. ee phocena. (Phoczena) lam... ven- 48, 49
oe. . ee 173, 186, 187, 188 | phyllotis. (Ototylomys) . ....220, 221
%. clementis) 7173; £83,187 |Mgmysalus); ...: <.4)ce eee ~ se 42
PeCOOLIGGI wa... . 193, 187 iieeeyseter ... . koe. 45
Sedeserticola’.....173, 188 | gseter breviceps .: . len) << ape 46
maenaccidus 2... ... 173, 187 |izeemyseter floweri ... Sate: (ee 46
er PDECIUG vee. Ss ee 177 | Physeter macrocephalus ........ 44,45
thurberi*s pee | + awe Payseteridee ...... 22. go5 3s See 44
Rett: 172,176,177, 178,187 | picta. (Neotoma) ...........278, 287
INDEX OF LATIN NAMES.
PAGE.
pictus. (Heteromys) ....375, 377,378
pilorides. (Capromys) ....... 380, 390
pilorides. -(Hfolochilus) ..... 2.52. 222
pilorides. (Isodon) .......... 389, 390
PUOTIGeS: WAS) .... <6. +s eee 250
mulosuse | (@aruthizon) eo... ..eee 307
pinalis. (Peromyscus r.) ..... 173, 189
FANAUS VMSEROMYyS T.) 0. . eae 189
STV ETHVG REN ©. <<<.) ORES 4° 209
PInctiSo MGCOMYS) 205: . . ae 310
pinetorum. (MicrotuS).....ese.. 303
oiinynisweees. «ss sens <= 299, 300, 303
plagiodon. (Delphinus) ......... 58
plagiodon. (Prodelphinus) ..... 57,58
Plgeroden tia. ..... . eek «> ek eee 382, 3905
Plagiodontia zedium .......... 395, 396
planiceps. (Platygeomys) .......
io: 3 ee: oon 318, 319, 320
plantinarensis. (Heteromys) .374, 377
plantinarensis. (Liomys) ....... 377
Rlistyseomys: -. ae. . --< 309, 316, 320
Platygeomys fumosus ........... 318
Platygeomys gymnurus. . .317, 318, 319
Platygeomys neglectus ....... 318, 319
Platygeomys planiceps . . .318, 319, 320
Platygeomys tylorhinus ...... 318, 319
Platygeomys t. angustirostris .318, 31
yg S 3 319
poliopus. (Sciurus) ..96, 114, I1'7, 120
polius;. (Peromyscus)... ..2.: 174, 196
pomeegra. (Delphinus) ......... 55
Preiticots.... :' yates 8. eee 200
prehensilis. (Capromys) .390, 391, 392
prehensmis: (Coendu), « 2eee.. . 402
prehensilis. (Hystiix) ..<..3..:. 309
pricii. (Perognathus p.) ..... Se7, 358
PRrocapromiyS ..... sc. cic eenee eee 3890
Prodelphimus ... 2 ck sealer oc 57
Prodelphinus alope .. 7am. - - 58
Prodelphinus doreides ........... 58
Prodelphinus euphrosinoides..... 59
Prodelphinus euphrosyne ........ 58
Prodelphinus longirostris ........ 58
Prodelphinus marginatus ........ 58
Prodelphinus microps ........... 58
Prodelphinus nove-zelandiz ..... 59
Prodelphinus plagiodon......... 57,58
Prodelphinus stenorhynchus ..... 58
Prodetphinus styx i.e » - 58
Procelphinus: tethyos. game ..:..~.. 58
Proechinomys . F..cceeeen.... 38
5
Proechinomys burrus......... 385, 388
-
xxi
PAGE.
Proechinomys centralis. . .385, 386, 387
Proechinomys c. chiriquinus......
MMe Geo. Suhel: A eae 385, 386, 387
Proechinomys c. panamansis .....
= ee Sis » + sD OSES 7 SOO
Proechinomys semispinosus ......
re SEAS <- Aeeee oaee 385, 386, 387
propinquus. (Peromyscus) ...172, 185
propinquus. (Peromyscus e.) .... 185
Psamnioniys gee... emi task. = 208
Pseud Grea’ aes. eS ee oe 51
Pseudorca crassidens ............ 51
PseudOrea destructotmer... 6. Sane gu
Pseudorcar gray. reels oe eee 51
Pseudorca meridionalis .......... 51
Pseudostomar:. Smee ss ih. eee 310
Pseudostoma castanops.......... 315
Pteromoyameeietcnto den. Sts eae 157
punctatas, (Dasyprocta)i 7-52... 405
Pylacdekwe(SCLanudS) es «ss taten 12
quadrivittatus. (Sciurus)....... 138
quadrivittatus. (Tamias) ....135, 138
quasiater.-\ (Arvicola) os. ate. 303
quasiater; (Microtus) i). 6¢0f. <3 303
quence (Capromiys)..’. ..<.2. eae 390
quercinus. (Sciurus w.)) ..... 428. 118
quercinus. ((Setunus as)ite.. hee r18
quica. (Metaehirus) '...... 3. aee 12
ramona. “(Onychomys) ...... 165, 167
TAvHISe UVES) eseiser rae 162, 163, 164
Ratios. < 2): ee ee eee 03
Redumionme! .. . (7h cee en eee ees tc 68
Reithradon: |. .: sys ewes he 256
repens. (Heteromys) ........ 369, 372
rhabdops. (Oryzomys) . .234, 237, 246
Ribachianectes:.'s sistaeess. see 40
Rhachinectes glaucus ........... 40
Reithrodon! longicaudus ......... 261
Reithrodon! megalotis .........% 250
Reithrodon! mexicanus .......... 264
Rherhroseiurus! oc clemage: «+ ss ee 03
FRibimocelpars':. “Seeger. sos see 54
Ribiroscinias, ... terete... 0+, ere 93
Rhithrodontomys). sen... 161, 255, 256
Rhithrodontomys australis ....257, 259
Rhithrodontomys a. vulcanius .257, 259
Rhithrodontomys aztecus ........ 259
Rhithrodontomys chrysopsis .....
ci. ee. Come. .. 259; 20guR0G
xxii
PAGE.
Rhithrodontomys c. toluce ...258, 266
Rhithrodontomys colime . 258, 266, 267
Rhithrodontomys c. nerterus ..258, 267
Rhithrodontomys costaricensis .
Beilin sa Stand e 6 ae ae le 258, 267, 268
Rhithrodontomys c. jalape ...258, 267
Rhithrodontomys creper...... 258, 272
Rhithrodontomys deserti ........ 259
Rhithrodontomys difficilis ....257, 263
Rhithrodontomys dorsalis ...:258, 272
Rhithrodontomys goldmani ...258, 268
Rhithrodontomys griseiflavus .258, 270
Rhithrodontomys g. helvolus ..258, 270
Rhithrodontomys hirsutus 258, 269, 270
Rhithrodontomys inexpectatus 258, 271
Rhithrodontomys levipes .258, 270, 271
Rhithrodontomys 1. otus...... 258, 271
Rhithrodontomys 1. toltecus ..258, 271
Rhithrodontomys longicaudus ....
ery Serre ey 257, 259, 261, 262, 263
Rhithrodontomys 1. pallidus ..257, 262
Rhithrodontomys megalotis ......
a epnirn borer aiehe 256, 257, 259, 260, 261, 262
Rhithrodontomys m. obscurus.257, 261
Rhithrodontomys m. sestinensis . .
/
Rhithrodontomys m. zacatece 257,
Rhithrodontomys mexicanus .
Eee ss ticks 257, 264, 265, 268
Rhithrodontomys m. fulvescens
Rhithrodontomys m. gracilis . .
Rhithrodontomys m. intermediu
n
Seshs 61a ynYeu 9 tN a Rn), eather TC 2 5 Mean
Rhithrodontomys microdon ...258, 269
Rhithrodontomys m. albilabris 258, 269
Rhithrodontomys orizabe ....258, 266
Rhithrodontomys peninsule . .257, 263
Rhithrodontomys perotensis ..258, 266
Rhithrodontomys rufescens ...258, 268
Rhithrodontomys saturatus ......
Re it = Ae a « 257, 262, 263, 264
Rhithrodontomys s. alticola ...257, 263
Rhithrodontomys s. cinereus ..257, 262
Rhithrodontomys tenuirostris ......
URS MRIOE ss ss. os 1 258, 208, 260
Rhithrodontomys t. aureus ...258, 269
Rhithrodontomys tenuis ......258, 265
rhydinorhis.
INDEX OF LATIN NAMES.
PAGE.
richardsonix © (Seirus) . -. Sees. 128
richmondi. (Didelphys) ....... 14, 16
richmondi. (Oryzomys) ..... 235, 248
richmondi. (Sciurus) .....94, 103, 105
Tigidus. (Gepus) sue... .. >see 419
Tigidus. -(Spiurds)) ieee... .. sae 127
ringens. (Eag@assa poy... ... fae 66
Tingens. (Tawasst ie: . ose 66
Rodentia. iS esti..<ceeeeeee « <-e ee 89
Romerolagvsiy... .Geaeee.... . oa 411
Romerlagus digzi <i7 gee. »..5 2a 412
Romerolagus nelsoni ......... 411, 412
Rosmaris ‘sais seen cs Cae 36
rostratus. (Heteromys p.) . ..375, 378
rostratus. ~(Gigmys pays... . <i 378
rostratus. (Oryzomys) ..235, 243, 244
rostratus. (Perognathus p.) ..357, 359
rothschildi. (Coendu)........ 400, 401
rothschildi.. Qaim) aie ee. 744
rothschildi. (Odontoccelus) ....69, 72
rowleyi. (Peromyscus) ......... 18Q-
rowleyi. (Peromyscus b.) ....... 196
ruatanica. (Dasyprocta) ........ 405
rufescens. (Rhithrodontomys) ...
WEEP fe hr 258, 268
rufescens. (Thomomys) ........ 332
fufinus. (Cervusysc..... sae . 79
fufinus. (Orygzomvys j.) .. cae 235, 247
Tufinus. (Peromiyseus) ...ceen ..: 179
fufipes. (Sciustis)mee....cmeees ole ee]
fufiventer. (Sciurws) ... ae. . 2 rts
fufoniger. (Scitufus).c.2. eee . . os 104
rufus. (Oryzomys) ...:...234)0me
tupestris. (Citellus v.)....... I4I, 150
Eussatus. (Leptus) osm. 417, 420
SHECOMYS ..., . .sinc ss > Onl 368
maecophorus . .</ov.) sees >. ae 310
sagax. (Peromyscus) ........ 173, 194
salvini. (Heteromys) ........ 369, 370
sanctidiegi. (Lepus)......... 417, 422
sarcovienna. (Chironectes) ...... 3
Sartor: (Cervits)i.c ene - Sees 8o
Sactori. (Mazaia) ite... san: 79, 80
saturatior. (Oryzomys Cc.)....234, 239
saturatus. (Rhithrodontomys)...
Presi <5) +) ee 257, 262, 263, 264
saturatus. (Sigmodon h.) ....222, 225
saxatilis. (Peromyscus m.)...174, 207
saxicola. (Citellus h.) ...139, 140, 142
saxicola. (Spermophilus h.) ..... 142
INDEX OF LATIN NAMES.
PAGE.
seatops. (Geers) . 2... 0: 222), 324
scalops. (Orthogeomys) .322, 323, 324
scammoni. (Globicephalus) ....52,54
Senlegelii, . (Orcinus)... 2... 020+ 51
“(cubha tsk ey), | aaa 90, 91, 93
Clinic meena. . «so ieeeels 4 ee 90, 92
PCIIrOptemmen. «..... icbss scueeeee 157
mciuropterus volans...\..... 157, 158
Sciuropterus volucella ........... 158
SOUITIISAME Ga, sos dees « 90, 92,93, 94
PCgriseamerti..... 0s.» eee 112
Sciurus adolphei...... 98, 114, 126, 127
Sciurus a. dorsalis ..96, 97, 98, 114, 127
SCHInUSEBStUANS |. Get. oye. 104
Sciurus #. chiriquensis ....94, 103, 104
Sciurus «. hoffmanni. .94, 103, 104, 105
DOLMGUSESETIIIS). » 4 ees: «ene 124
SCUMueEIDIPeS » mar ~ -. +n Bee 1 ty
cigar, COlimemsig ......,2008e 120
Scirus 2. effugius 2........-.945 120
Sciurus a. hernandezi ........... 118
selurdsra, nemoralis: ......)..-Aue 118
Senmse. QUCTCINYS, oi des 2 ee 118
(S/CiTo Lets! 2) LE high aa ean 2 eee Rimi css 94,99
BEMIS VALET. ida gs eee 3 95, 106, 108
Retina aistoninnss,./- +... . ame 108
Sermon tionyaie....:.... seen 130
DClUfueapach@mi.....-... 95,107, 110
SOuimuenerizOmemeis:....... sage
Brees bi Re ae 95, 102, 107, 108, 109
Sciurus a. huachuca ...... 95,107, 109
Sciartis-amreigagter:. ... 2:2 eeeae, -
- 205,100, LIS yiiA, LL 5 scones, 124
Sciurus a. frumentor ...... Qegerar4, 117
Sciurus a. hypopyrrhus 96, 98, 114, 116
Sciurus aureigaster....... DipetTo, 124
Sets a. leucops. ... aes ene 119
Sciurus atiwogaster!’ = -.!, jideee. « crs
Sciurus boothiz ..97, 114, 126, 127, 128
Sorin oeltl . 2. eee 98, 114, 128
Sciurus b. managuensis.......... 129
Sciurus boquetensis ........ 94,99, 100
ScuumtiswOTO Will .. ./4\+ sisi sues 94,99, 100
BCiucMs CAaniceps .. ... cine male F 93
Sciumercapistratus. .... eee - 107
Sciurus carolinensis .......... - .
aa 107, 108, 109, 110, 125
Sciurus.c. yucatanensis .......... 125
mctinwis coligat, . . .!. shame eS ya
mes. 97, LOOMPI4, 121, 122, 123, 129
Sciumus c. nuchalis:.... cave, 214, 122
Sciurus
Sciurus
Sciurus
Sciurus
Sciurus
Sciurus
Sciurus
Sciurus
Sciurus
Sciurus
Sciurus
Sciurus
Sciurus
Sciurus
Sciurus
Sciurus
Sciurus
Sciurus
Sciurus
Sciurus
Sciurus
Sciurus
Sciurus
Sciurus
Sciurus
Sciurus
Sciurus
Sciurus
Sciurus
Sciurus
Sciurus
Sciurus
Sciurus
Sciurus
Sciurus
Sciurus
Sciurus
Sciurus
Sciurus
Sciurus
Sciurus
Scitirus
Sciurus
Sciurus
Sciurus
Sciurus
Sciurus
Sciurus
Sciurus
xxiii
PAGE.
Cees: 5. ss Suen Cae 94, 101, 102
Cifavaivax. .yemiel. gate 94, IOI, 102
douglasi albolimbatus . 133
dgeeaTiet msi aes 94, 132, 133
dimangi qi. 5/7 eet O77, Liz
ferrugineiventris......... 115
TOpeOr jee. .\ dieenGte sy, 5.5 130
fuscovariegatus.......... 128
soldmanit: .2. 7 fee - O7 tls, 030
MMiSCIIANNIS) Atlee... i...
aye 0 tana 98, 108, I10, 114, 124, 125
g. chiapensis...... 98, 114,125
UISEEOCTA). eryit. foi. 5, + IOI, 104
gMeeieenys. 8 ee 104
Bigews* sige t+ 97, IgG,
Hermann rte... : ae 130
Eye VICMIES yo 44°.» See
WOT UTS ot. 120, 127 seen
De poRMantius 5-2 ne. ase ee ras
GMPeTMedUS Gan os See oe. + 127
ileVafepigh alot emis ese ri eer a 130
lEMCOSAStEr? : 4.51 ee eee II5
IGUCOPS 5. -- itpulp writ Ay ara), wines:
LAUGOWACTAMIIS) 2. ccacialen >) seu 124
HOSES cniik eS ene ae Ree 110
managuensis...... 97,114, 129
TAC = + 'a 23 Bee aoe 116
MeaTHSits 2. . vx ches + ne 132
melania 107) DLAnr 25
TINE RAG AMULS: 5 lace eae se eae 146
TLOTLO Ne eee co Cl eee ae 116
moustelimus: ,...5,)cra sie + aes II5
nayaritensis ...95, 106, 107, 108
aveved bhegeralshicn, 9 Ata oY 94, IOI, 102
nelsoni ....96, 98, 114, 120, 121
Tete tS eee ee 96, 98, 114, 121
DICOV ANG. eWNere./ >. 127
1 2S) PR As 1 SPR II5
HMCOVIClATISEaan.-°- . aan Tro
ne melanonottigien,... . sae 107
ocwlatus <.:.s0n 95, 106, 107, 108
O. POMC: < eeeenn : 95, 106, 107
poliopus ..96, 114, 117, 118, 120
Ds CenviCAlisy omnia: 96, 114, 119
p. colimensis .. .. i 95,114, 119
p: effugius ... sya 96,114, 120
p. hernandezi ..95, 96,114, 118
p. nemoralis .. Al" 96,114, 118
pyladei .... scm emnegmemee 129
quadrivittatus.........'.. 138
PUGH AC SONT Mewes = +); <5 a 128
xxiv
PAGE.
Sciurus richmondi ........ 94, 103, 105
Sciurus rigidus .... 2275... . aa 127
Scirus Tufipes ..... ci; . . . eee 117
pciurus rufiventer, . 50)... . <2ae ea
Sciurus r. texensis ........ 95, tip. rrr
Seturus rufoniger....... 25... 104
Sciurus sinaloensis ........ 97,114, 122
Sciurus socialis ........ 95,96, 114, 123
Seirus Ss. Cocos. jae... - 95,96, 114, 124
Seles SOLICINUS Mees. if ees ae 93
Scieris Seriatus =". fk.) hue ee See 134
OCUIGUS GOUT US. eles cas Caras sae IoI
Sciurus tephrogasten ... . «> «<alaue IOI
SCiurlis PHOMasl sales ale «2. ee 98, 114, 126
Sierras Garet a scs s&s gieee ess 97, 114, 123
SSMITUS VAMADINS:.. 5. pee. uence 105
Sciurus v. morulus ........ 96, 104, 105
Sciurus variegatoides ...... 97,114, 129
Scirus VATIEGAtUsS okt. wee
ee mi slioey Rin 115,116, 117, 119, 123, 148
SCluUrUS Vi STAMIMMEUS .. . 2 eye 149
Delurus, VATIUS Aces «a soles Sigdes 117
SEUSS WOlAISy 6s 6x lo tins 5 eee 154
Sciuhus WAPMET ..5.0..).. he tea. rry
Sciurus w. Cervicalis oo... esis... 119
Sciurus Ww. colimiensis .. . sk...» 120
SCiintistwelhaeiuis!.. | ws deena 1 120
Sciumusnw. memoralis:: . . cme. <- 118
Sciurus w.quereinus,.. .. ian... 118
Sciurus: xanthotusS: sa... see. 104
Sciurus yucatanensis ............
AR ERS St Ri: 96, 97, 114, 125, 126
Sciurus y. baliolus ........ 96, 114, 126
sellata. (Myrmecophaga) ....... 28
Sellata..)(Tamandua) soon... <8 26, 28
semispinosus. (Echinomys) ..... 386
semispinosus. (Proechinomys). ..
Ss, EE a cia 385, 386, 387
senegalensis. (Trichechus) ...... 35
menethienes..... cin sais. > + maeee 300
seorsus. (Zygodontomys) ....253, 254
sestinensis. (Rhithrodontomys m.)
2 RR eo ae = 257, 260
setosus. (Heteromysc.) ..... 375, 380
setosus, StLaOMmys): watenin. «Sas 5 380
Sibbaldaser. . :.< ia Rene Sine ok 42
Sibbaldius sulfureus............ 42,43
Sibba ldtmemect’s.. : ..copgmemate > <'s creme & 42
SistOdamieen .; . a<teietee. » 222, 234, 255
Sigmodontalleni .... 7.05... .d 9222) 2am
Sigmodon alticola...........1224, 235
INDEX OF LATIN NAMES.
PAGE
Sigmodon a. amoles .......... 224, 231
Sigmodon austerulus......... 224, 231
Sigmoedon ‘baileyi (ears . . < iene 226
Sigmodon berlandieri............ 227
Sigmodon Boruce: fies...’ One 224
Sigmodon b. chiriquensis ........ 225
Sigmodon fulviventer ........ 224, 232
Sigmodon hispidus ....... 222, 228, 232
Sigmodon h.arizon# ...:..... 224, 228
Sigmodon h. baileyi .......... 223, 226
Sigmodon h. berlandieri . .224, 225, 227
Sigmodon Ho peruGe wares ~ < «5 Se
Sig aan See 222, 223, 224, 225, 232
Sigmodon h. chiriquensis ..... 222, 225
Sigmodon h, eremicus ........224, 227
Sigmodon hl fusvus cee << 223, 225
Sigmodon h. inexoratus....... 224, 229
Sigmodon h. major
Sigmodon h. mascotensis
Sigmodon h. microdon
sigmodon h. pathidus .. ingen ~~ <> 228
Sigmodon h. saturatus 222, 225
Sigmodon h. texensis............ 228
Sigmodon h. toltecus .........223, 226
Sigmodon h. tonalensis. ...... 224, 229
Sigmodon leucotis .......224, 230, 231
Sigmodon mascotemsis ........... 227
Sigmodon melanotis..........224, 232
Sigmodon minimus ..........224, 230
Sigmodon ochrognathus ......224, 230
sigmodontomiys! sc... | cena: «ee 254
Sigmodontomys alfari........ 254, 255
Silvilacus. egies oo ee 413, 414, 416
similis. (Dipodomys)).ca@. . .s206 347
simiolus. (Dipodomys m.) ......
simplex. (Neotoma) ............ 279
simulatus. (Peromyscus) ....174, 205
simulus. (Peromyscus s.) ....172, 180
Sinaloz. (Marmosa)iceme . . aus see 5,6
sinaloz. (Neotoma) .........277, 283
sinaloew. (Odontoccelus) ....... 70, 78
sinaloz. (Thomomys) ....... 334, 339
sinaloensis. (Sciurus)..... 97, 114, 122
BUTCTICRM Te, . . . eRe). Aes oa 35
mLtLOMIySia, ATIZONG coe. « see oN 186
sitomys a. thurberi jawe~ : cme oe 176
excomys decolorus...i3.. .. ene. s 216
Patomys gilberti (e+ eee 195
SILOmMyS Martirensis: vim...
Sitomys musculus
a as
Oe ery All Be
INDEX OF LATIN NAMES,
PAGE.
BIGOULYS T. PIAS .. 5 i... «eee 189
Serials, -((Gymomys) .. vas. sees 155
socialis. (Sciurus)..... 95,96, 114, 123
sonorana. (Heteromys)...... 375,379
SomOrana. seCLAOMYS)\.5)Me<.. . seeeiey. 379
sonoriense. (Dicotylesa.) ....... 64
sonoriense. (Tagassua.)....... 62, 64
sonoriensis. (Citellus t.) .....140,144
sonoriensis. (Hesperomys 1.) .... 181
sonoriensis. (Peromyscus a.) .... 182
sonoriensis. (Peromyscus l.).....
SAR iece c= sic jets 8: 5 17. SiGe key
sonoriensis. (Spermophilus t.) ... 144
Sorictnue. «(Sciurusis.. «.aname n 93
sowerbianus. (Delphinus)....... 55
spectabilis. (Dipodomys) ....343, 345
speleus. (Odocoileus!) .......... 68
Speraianophilus. 72. 4: . . .) career 139
Spetmmophilopsis ..........ee se. 139
Spemmephilus .. ein». . 2c seein 139
Spermophilus annulatus ......... I51
Spermophilus a. goldmani ....... 150
Spermophilus grammurus........ 149
speruophilus harrisi:. 0.00... 6% I4I
Spermophilus h. saxicola ........ I 42
Spermophilus interpres .......... 143
spermophilus legeurus . ..«.0.6:. 142
Spermophilus macrourus ........ 149
Spermophilus m. parvidens ...... 146
Spermophilus perotensis ......... 145
Spermophilus spilosoma ......... 145
Spermophilus s. spilosoma ....... 145
Spermophilus tereticaudus ....... 144
Spermophilus t. sonoriensis ...... 144
Spermophilus v. atricapillus ...... 150
Spermophilus v. fisheri.....:.... 150
spicilegus. (Peromyscus) ....:..
oy ies SME EES A 172, 179, 180, 198
Spilosomasy! (Citellts)) Sa aemenn 140, 145
spilosoma. (Spermophilus) ...... 145
spinatus. (Perognathus) ........
RMS. «. ae)» =< cteeaus 357, 302, 363, 364
splendens. (Neotoma) .......... 278
stenorhynchus. (Orcinus)....... gi
stenorhynchus. (Prodelphinus) .. 58
stephensi. (Peromyscus) .173, 190, 199
Stoniten.. (ONS)! <.:.. deerme >< 85
Siianus «(SClULrUS)) aera S 5- 134
styae (Prodelphinus) apes... . 58
subcinctus. (Lepus f.) ...416, 417, 418
SUitiee ss slaiels scahei IS, os. 61
XXV
PAGE,
sulfurea, (Balenoptera) ....38, 42, 43
sulfureus. (Sibbaldius) ........ 42,43
sumichrasti. (Hesperomys) ..214, 216
sumichrasti. (Nyctomys) ....215, 216
sumichrasti. (Reithrodon!) ..... 264
Sus albiggstris ..2e. . anne es. 66
Sus tajai.'... cite eens: a «.s 61
sylvatiens? \(Lepusyis Ames. «ss 415
Sylvicala. . :s Mens cepnennen a fe cues 299
ShigaumateyiortembunblS goa. .-onMenoee 90, OI
Synthetosciurus brochus ........ QI, 92
tabacensis. _(Didelphys m.) ....14, 16
tabernaguly (Haligore) ........5 36
taczanowski. (Agouti) ...... 403, 408
lcobhbhaaicy ((Slombagbis)) 4 oom me xn: IOI
Tagassuleesnn. crt bes s\n. 3 cee 61
Tasassuvalipirostiis: je ey ao ee 66
Tagassumaercrassum ease tere 62,64
Tagassu angulatum ...... 62, 63, 64, 65
Tagassieay humeraley. acheter: 62, 63
Tagassul a. sonoriense .......... 62, 64
hacasstikade yucatanense sl cuens 62, 63
MaASAassuMerusnicr ms.) Mises 62, 65
Mamassuelalsiatismre cai eee eae 66
TARSASSt MATS acti |5 one eke ebopenet aie 62
Tagaeett PEeCatieiak..:. + Sta aes 65, 66, 67
Tagassu:p: cingens'... . cee ane 66
Taalssid ce pasvagsn|s .i4 hae ete 61
tajacum «(Dicouyles) semen ein 63
tajaenee (Sus) rs leaps: sen a eee 61
talamance. (Oryzomys) .....234, 241
‘Tamiami: >; eee acne eee 24, 26
Tamandua bivittatadyie Geer. = 27
Tamandua crispus,.4 i.e... see 27
Taman tay My OSUGAG on eemeto nee 27
Tamancdiiaesellataersces eee citi e 26, 28
Tamandua tetradactyla ..... 26, 27, 28
Parmattdtase, .. sce ert <3. see 26
Reinga hen 3 UCMERRMRNES co 5. 5: aA cr 134
Taaiias a. imertiaml see... ..\. ee 137
Tatmias buller.. ...iatene > 035, Usage
Tarnias dorsalis: 4::..aeierene:: 5.1 cenne 135
Menmicis) CitGam Ossie eae sh 135; 137
Tamas interpres! wc. <n. «i Goekeee 143
Tamas leweurus «: i.e seeceiteote 142
Tamias 1. peninsule .. . .23e¢ Saee 143
Tamias merriami .......4 135,230; 137
Tamias obscurus......... 134, 135, 136
Tamias quadrivittatus........ 135, 138
Tamas quali us cits. se 135
xxvi
PAGE,
Tamidscurus:.'.-- <@ateee > «- 90, 94, 132
BEROSELA | aah et os teie get < Slama 413, 414, 426
Papirella isin «ones... oe 87
fPapirelia Daitdi ss... <a... ome 87,88
apizelia dow! oi... i. See. . aa 87, 88
Papatides: .....: sie... va. ee 87
TRB Gr nt. ss 6. SL S som ee). 32
Tatu hybrida’:3 aime... .: 0. sam 32
Tatu leptorhynchum .......... a 34
Tatiloneicaudumieyn. . dices: ae 33
DOME DG cvs. eels es Coty > ae 33
Tatu m. fenestratum .......4.. 6 33
Tatty nowenicimncotumy ess...) 6 <o). 33344
Tabu ocveeeeecum .\': aetien's: ccs Sie 33
TERING a ettee vides ss xia ax: =e naea ee 31
PACGUA COMUTAMS .... feta nan ee 32
Meg tate eras js Le ane! eae 32,33
WAG USI. 4 ehicte pil Soret Geer seer 32
MB GVESSIL, 96 5 )<) 45's gee yaerapeks + hale 61
Tayassu a. Crassum ......00y.i% 64
Tayassu.a. humerale:.... °F ...55- 63
Tayassu a. yucatanense ......... 63
Pa vassu.Crusmiprivy, » «cham -in oe 65
PEE SRO ATIOTIUS oy kta sina eterna 62
TRA VAGSH MECHEL Ki. < swe ebb Re 66
PE VASSO-D, TUNES -cs. se ares 66
taylori, (Peromyscus) ....f2%5.- 175
PEATIONUS tc 5x) Vee es + «4h aeRO > 204
Teanopus phenax............ 294, 295
teapensis. (Oryzomys) ......235, 247
teapensis. (Peromyscus m.) ..172, 207
ftectoxium. | (C(MUS)) A c44.:. eee 3. = 164
tectus. (Oryzomys)-.....c.2. 2355245
teguina (Acodon)...... 273, 274, 275
teguina. (Hesperomys) ......... 273
tehuantepecus. (Peromyscus) 174, 206
tema. “(Mazama) see. «.aaeee 8o
tenuicauda. (Neotoma). .278, 286, 289
tenuis. (Rhithrodontomys) . .258, 265
tenuirostris. (Rhithrodontomys)..
‘TUENGUS nae... siaretecicens © « TRaRE Es 134
Meonomeaguee: «. <weoky - . mee 75
tephrogaster. (Sciurus) ......... 101
tereticaudus. (Citellus) ...... 140, 144
tereticaudus. (Spermophilus).... 144
Terri GGleetiecc.« vc.oF tiie ees cc 2 aes 200
tethyos. (Prodelphinus) ........ 58
tetradactyla. (Myrmecophaga) .26, 27
tetradactyla. (Tamandua) . .26, 27, 28
TetTamenrodOn :. ..< s . Ween «cre ee 2900
INDEX OF LATIN NAMES.
PAGE,
texensis. (Didelphism.) ....... 14, 16
texensis. (Dorcelaphus a.)...... 70
texensis. (Hesperomys) ......:. 186
texensis. (Heteromys).......... 381
texensis. ‘Qlepus)itee......<9 432,435
texensis. (Odontoccelus a.)..... 69, 70
texensis. (Peromyscus) .........
PE Pc oS 173, 181, 185, 186
texensis. (Sciurus r.) .....95, 110, 111
texensis. (Sigmodonh.) ........ 228
thomasi. (Megadontomys) ......
eee ey 212, 213, 214
thomasi. (Odontoccelus) ....... 60, '75
Ghomasi. (SCiarus) eee 98, 114, 126
Thomomys se: eee 309, 310, 332
Thomomys aphrastus ........ 334, 330
Thomomys atrovarius .. . .333, 334, 338
Thomomys bulbivorus........... 332
Thomomys cervinus...... 334, 339, 340
‘homomys Cchusmas ..>.Feemeee - « 340
Ss
‘Thomomys fulygs’ . .. 2s ime. (= 5
ee 333: 334s 335) 389; 337) 349
Thomomys f. alticola......... 333, 235
Thomomiys fantye . 2) some 333, 335
Thomomys f. nigricans ....... 333; 335
Thomomys f. intermedius - 333, 330
Thomomys goldmani .........334, 339
Thomomys martirensis ....... 333) 330
Thomomys nelsoni.........a2. 334, 339
Thomomys orizabeem.. . :.e 334, 337
Thomomys perditus .... . .334, 338, 339
Thomomys peregrinus ........ 334, 337
Thomomys perpallidus ....... 334, 340
‘Thomomys rutescens’<.- aan. . - +. 332
Dhomomys sinalose: . 5. ea. .. - 334, 339
Thomomys toltecus «..... 334, 338, 339
PROMOmM ys UmMbTIUS ee. «cee 334
thoracatus. (Capromys) ..... 390, 3904
thurberi. (Peromyscus).........
pre fic.) =). 172, 1'76, 177,178, 187
Bourber. (Sitomysmaee. - i. ..s 176
inwlamys .: seks» ee 5
tiburonensis. (Peromyscus) ..171, 1'75
momidus. (Lepiis): >. . <a: » 413
foluecus... (Cervus)\ "ees. << esed. + 74
toltecus. (Hesperomys)......... 226
foltecus. _(Odontoccelus)-....... 69, 74
toltecus. (Rhithrodontomys 1.) . .
es Soper NS
toltecus. (Sigmodon h.) . ....223, 226
toltecus. (Thomomys). . .334, 338, 339
INDEX OF LATIN NAMES,
PAGE.
toluce. (Rhithrodontomys c.) 258, 266
boluce. ((Serurus 0.) gee . 95, 106, 107
tonalensis. (Sigmodon h.)....224, 229
tornillo. (Peromyscus), .)..°.44 173, 188
torquata. (Neotoma)........ 277, 279
torridus. (Heterogeomys) .......
REPO RCS oo" Reem care 325,920, 372
torridus. (Heteromys)..........
ne oS mete B72, 27AerOs 377
FOLMGuS LACM YS) ican +: clea 376
torridusy) (Onychomiys) ....e-
Se 01607) SENT 165, 1606, 167, 168
totontepecus. (Peromyscus m.)..
P3256, 0 3) AREER, 6 1S MEDIAS 174, 207, 208
AtGhreciniges..... .Jaileie... . dene eemeee: 36
Uisiohecinns' 2... . 5 vee: «see 36
Trichechus americanus .......... 37
Tricheehus australie,....... eee: 37
Trichechus fluviatilis: ....... Spee 37
Trigheebus inuneuss)...:. ... yeaa a5
Tricheehus manatus......... Bae 37
Trichechus senegalensis .......... as
trichopus. (Zygogeomys) 330, 331, 332
tridactyla. (Myrmecophaga) 24, 29, 30
tdactylus, (Bradypus) .... is... 21
irinitans. aehimys i), |. aeemen 385
Drncenora TOMMY States ws >». s\s,0 oeenene 170
tropicalis. .(Neotoma) ....:.. 278, 288
trOW Deol, (eps) <u seuss: 420
BUI MLC DUS) Met: vin cpe th eeu 414, 415
truli. (Odontoccelus) ....69, 73, 74,75
truil, (Peromyscus) .....189,193, 197
[gaol (GSicvbhmbes))ice. Sores 6 & OvMuLA, 123
triumcatuces (lurstops)i sees: 56
tumbalensis. (Tylomys) ..... a7 218
TRUCSIOR VERSE = «uit hee eee 45
imendsikey, {(IDietholanbayol) coos bocoeud we, 50
ANG bes HO) OS) Av oA al once oth oan Gane 55,57
estos GOMMUTIS) c. Jeeeeeem O ole 56
Tursiops compressicauda ........ 56
MUPSOpS CYMOdiICe... isa. - 56
UtSiaps. CUuLynomc..: spas... 56
BticStOms SUT! .... «yr aeeeneNen a = 47, 56
itsiaps tihumeatus... eve: . - 56
Parsigos tggsio ..... aan. « 56
tuneioy (Dursiops))... nee .: 56
ieee, TAY WIS) aan Ole e cc. os cee 310
ANtaKohae, Cpieiee cement BEONG tia eiciic) ce eae 217, 221
Ayiemys ‘bullaris |... segs. 217, 219
Tylomys nudicaudus ..... 217, 218, 219
Tylomys panamensis ......... 217, 219
o
XXV11
PAGE
Tylomys tumbalensis......... 217, 218
Tylomys wweatsoni aaa ene oe 27, 200
tylorhinus. (Platygeomys) .. 318, 319
umbrinus. (Thomomys) ........ 334
umbrosus. (Microtus)........ 304, 305
Ungulata. .....c eerie: sic 60
unicinctus. (Dasypuswen....... 31
Uroleptesis. «i.ciee,. ween. 4). 26
variabilis... (Sieiarus)ieee 4s.) cs 2 105
variegatoides. (Sciurus). ..97, 114, 129
variegatus. (Chironectes)....... 3
variegatus. (Citellus)....141, 148, 149
variegatus. (Delphinus) ........ 55
Varlegatuses (OciuiS)".. .. .. sane
«ayes ee LES EEO Li 7, DLO wus eae
VarluSs SiMeeurnirs)i! cue G shots eet ie Gy
vegettsi (Ory zomiys)e. vs... 235, 249
velifera. (Balenoptera)........ 42,43
venusta.n) (Neotoma) 20. .s erste 284
vereecrucis. (Heteromys) ....375, 379
verecrucic. (Lepus)is.4 005, ok 417,420
veraorums: » (Liomiys)) ai... sia, ¢ 379
versabilis. (Megaptera)......... 41
VieSmeminns, 2) ike hea} nt fae ee 170
Vespers ditmeiis . . 90s. ween 193
Vesperimus fraterculus,.......... 184
vetulus. (Hodomys) °-......- 295, 297
vicinior. (Peromyscus b.) ....173, 190
victus/ (Oryzomiys)! 3... eues 235,244
virgatay) (Agoutivp)in. . acne: 408, 409
virginianus. (Odontocoelus) ..... 70
wantgerne, ((Storktoah iy Gly a seo. 94, IOI, 102
Mmolans sie UMitis)! selares Mecoanmeemeee ts rien 158
volans: (Sciuropterus) 7... .. 157,158
VOlENS. Re oClUuriS) cn aime «/. ame 157
vuleanius. (Rhithrodontomys a.).
RE, en 257, 259
volucella. (Sciuropterus) ......: 158
vommenina. m(Phocsena)mear. .... ae 48
wagneri. (Perodipus)........... 351
Waemer. <((Sciurus) age. ..'..<%ee 117
wale, | (Delohinus)i.. .. 0. am 55
washinetoni. (Lepus) .......... 410
Watsond.) (ry lomiuys) mee «2. tan 217, 219
Kanphovuses (OCMIAUS) me ewieak = « ee ee 104
Same, | CUSWUs Cc. ames» & 431,438
NENODNY Satie): s+ ceneeient els «sb y 291, 204
Xenomys nelsoni ............ 291, 292
xxviii
PAGE
PRETUTUS Wien ccee. CeaRGs se 31
xenurus. (Peromyscus) ...... 174, 202
xerampelinus. (Acodon) .....273, 275
Xerospermophilus ....... 139, 140, 143
Cy a See) 368, 381
wylomys nelsonin.)......0..%. » 381
yapock. (Chironectes) ......%... 3
yucatanense. (Tagassu a.)...... 62, 63
yucatanense. (Tayassua.)...... 63
yucatanensis. (Didelphys)...... 14,15
yucatanensis. (Odontoccelus).... 74
yucatanensis. (Oryzomys)....234, 236
yucatanensis. (Sciurus).........
he's) Shae ee, «. § 96, 97, 114, 125, 126
yucatanensis. (Sciurusc.) ...... 125
yucataniez. (Coendu m.)..... 400, 402
yucatanicus. (Lepus f.)...... 417,419
yucatanicus. (Peromyscus) ..173, 194
INDEX OF LATIN NAMES.
PAGE.
zacatece. (Rhithrodontomys m.).
RINE 8 airs ~ Somme ec 257, 260
zacatecas. (Perognathus h.) ..357, 361
zamelas. (Peromyscus m.) ...172,179
zamore. (Peromyscus m.)....174, 202
zarhynchus. (Peromyscus) . ..174, 209
zelotes. (Peromyscus) ....... 174, 203
gibethicus. (Castor): Sing. <.- =. 307
ZiphiorrhynGeys «x. wren +s be 47
Zipbius .. 22 Sao. «eee os ae 38, 47
Ziphius caVingssnisS sees. '< 3 = se 47
Zygodontomiyse. . a-epamee s) . cee 252
Zygodontomys brevicauda ....... 254
Zygodontomys cherrii........ 252, 253
Zygodontomys chrysomelas ...... 253
Zygodontomys seorsus .......253, 254
ZY POSCOMYS sec «+ eee 310, 330
Zygogeomys trichopus. .
zygomaticus.
- +3309, 331, 332
(Oryzomys) ...234, 241
INDEX’ OF COMMON NAMES.
VOL. 1V,
PAGE
meapulcosseuirrel. .. ee... sees 12
A CUVGUMGDR RAT, ..\. Ulva. .« «nee 250
Activemwood Rat. ue... . caus 4 282
Africatigantelope .......) Seeers: 60
ENS O UGE ©... 3 scsi.) Sa eene 408
SOULGMOIDE .. (7 pkie). . .c cee © 407
Acoutiemenrested ....99e.. . Seen 407
Agouimmcuninine io... . . Saeed = 406
Jewexoysii, Jksjdekanbehal . 5 cRaMAN 6 Asoo 6 oo 407
Noose Mexican mee... . « aeedeee. 405
Agouti, Ruatan Island .......... 405
Aron opotted wae... -s. .aae: 405
Aime. x. - eA: . . . 7 ee 403
Alfaro’s Pigmy Squirrel ......... 99
Alfators: Rice Rat si. ....... 1242, 255
GAIkT Sra oy ECC Aa a 208
PeMES WOULO WRAT «fess ca wales 22
Piemee, (ack Falbiogt «J... . «aime - 434
Milenes Opossumim. ..... ...30 eae 13
AllemeeSpinyaMouse .....2:0724. 376
Allemersquituels: ... <s..ctaaneee 108
AISI OGGMIRAT .. ..c2 tee. 207
Allied Desert Mouse............. 185
Allied weveld Mouse: +. /.ca.00tk ss t8o
AulvedMElamre :. <4 Gaines < lee > 424
Allied House Mouse............. 180
AiiinediivanSarOOmNabeieee eee... . 347
Alliedi Mouse .. Species « 192
Altied Spiny Rat... eo... 371
Alpine Cotton RAtn = ueeeee ss ..s- 231
Alpine Harvest Mouse ........... 266
milstons Mouse ... . i seme as... ani
miston s CpOSssum, 22) os. 9
PISTOLS Wood Rat nae. . 204
Ameca Harvest Mouse .......... 270
JsWiaavcic(@zhalel ButfoyeMPneta ns 6 Gass c= 4 Ae 60, 83
American Ground Squirrels ...... 134
American Mammals............. 255
American Porcupines............ 307
Amenican’ Rodents ...02.5.... 133,158
AMEtican OGuitrels: heen... 93
mamoles) Cotton Wat aero... . 231
320
PART I.
PAGE,
Anteater Greate. cc ee. 24, 29, 30
Anteater, Little or Two-toed ....25, 26
Anteater, Saddle-back........... 28
Anteater, Three-toed ........... 27,28
Anteaters: Vater csaeeesat sa aves IQ, 24
Antelope: gies. stares a. an eee 60
Antelope WAgmicam ian, 3. ee 60
Antelope, qik-Diley a... .. sec 60
Antelope wPron@shomy . +. ./.asens 81, 82
Antelopeser in) ct. ai sso kas eee 83
Anthony’s Field Mouse .......... 185
Anthony’s Pocket Mouse ........ 366
ApachesSsquaprels) oh. '1 Meek oan s ILO
ApazoterMoustge: 4%.) 2 eeeeneree pe 194
Joli opel i Sid Nae} ae), Seen Ly nL Ls 221
Apa sie souieKell. oy ects oe 102
7. U ei Glenericel ee: 4 oClw «ene een e EL a Li ge DaT 89
Auairenrea) RATS 6 ea dle.s! ties aetub oe 388
ACCU rares! sein. ur. chee ee 410
Aregice Right Wittale ese 39
AGEGID : ec Meto ta... ieee sees II5
Arizona: Coftompitattin cic eeu 228
Arizona Mielde@Mioitse: ee erenil 186
Arizona Gray Squirrel........... 109
Arizona Fateuag< caw ise mene ees 423
Anzonave rained ose tse 154
Armacilo, Millers ceases eee 3m, 32
Armada: Miler eit. <7. nene 32
Armadillo, Nine-banded ......... 34
AorInACMes.;.:.. Gian 5 19; 30,0905 32
ANT CLAO,. Boxee, Cee ee 34
Auimeria BECCaty mtmeae. | -- oer 63
INSh=COLOLEG sELAre) vain. =. + snes 42¢
Ashy Gray Field Mouse:.......05 195
shiv O POSSI). waco eee «-. - 6 See 6
Attwater’s Swamp Hare......... 44
ACiGtibDOnNUSVELATe:).c age. + <<< fee 422
INTEC RVIOUSE 5 tee MRMIete.o 6: «.« <n 184
NAG ECHINICey Naty sotapmewemerec = << cs aati 245
Bachman’s Wood Hare.......... 420
Bailey si€otton Ratios. + «ine 226
Bailey's Pocket Mouse .........% 361
xxix
XXX INDEX OF COMMON NAMES.
PAGE
Baird’s Pocket Mouse.i,....-. unk ara} Boruca Cotten Ration... <a
maiTd'’s Tenis. sa). en... ee 87 | Bottle-nosed Dolphin.........2.;
aieen Whale ..0, .- tik)... .<oae 40 | Bottle-nosed Porpoise ...........
areen Whales 226. ...09h «am amca0. | Bowhead. jak. ssc ene... > ae 39, 43
Banded-back Squirrel............ E27 | Boyle’s Motse...0 ogee «se
Banderas Field Mouse .........25 190 | Bristled Pocket Gopher. ........:
Bangs Red Mouse .......0. iam 275 | Broad-headed Pocket Gophers....
Batopilas Pocket Mouse.......... 365 | Broad-footed Pocket Gopher .....
ahey SG aOweL .. . .. saa .\s ee 5 71 | Broad-nosed Pocket Mouse.......
Batty’s Jackass Rabbit .......... 433 | Broad-nosed Rice Rat.....-.....
Batty si@possum idee ...s ey ae 18 | Brocket, Central America ....... 79, 80
Beautiful-eared Jack Rabbit ..... Aaa.|| Brocket, SartGsi's . .<kigeee- «<.0n 80
Beaver nue 5. < sah 89, 158). 159, game brocket, Tunkes ,....c@e ee. + oe 8o
Beaver, SOMoran.. .. vines as ses T59;eOee cOrockets . .. Visage. « SMe «sO 79
PEA VCCS elena «scot io a ee 159 | Brown Mouse, Jalapa............ 176
Berlandier’s Cotton Rat........... dae). brown Rat 2.2)... oa 161, 165
PFOA Osteen wise Aig Say Brown's Squirrels. :.. ..ogeaegas «5 100
Big-eared Harvest Mouse ........ 259 | Brownsville Harvest Mouse....... 264
EROPY oo ycndy sxe wp oe Clee Lae ee | 83 | Bryant’s Poeket Mouse ......... 364
Bison Awmencanuwsas te. Mee oe 60,83 | Buff-colored Pocket Mouse ....... 362
Black-backed Squirrel ........... r0o7 |) Buller’s Pocket: Gopher. ..354.... 320
Black-browed Mole Mouse ....... 166°} Buller’s Rice RAGK. . ... EE 239
Black-browed Mouse ............ aor |: Buller’s Spiny Rat. .. 25.4.) 370 q
Black-eared Cotton Rat ......... 232 | Bushy-tailed Spermophile........ 140 )
Black-eared Field Mouse......... 178 :
Black-eared Pocket Mouse ....... 356 \t@abra del Monte... i... dee 8o
Black-eared Rice Rat ........:.. 24S M@aAChalot.. x ce ims «10 <5 eee 43, 44, 45
Blackatisht Five apwasde = « 5 <n 44, se, imGachalot Whale fivh.....-.. amme . 45
Black-fish, Scammion’s.......%... SAmimoachalots . ..\. saints. < creme ie 46
Black-fish, Short-finned.......... setae ung Whale.:.....,aies,.s\. aes oa 47
Black-footed Mouse’s...:... Wer -. 210 | Calel Harvest Mouse............. 269 f
Black-headed Spermophile ....... 150 | California Gray Squirrel.......... 130 i
Blackish Pocket Gopher ......... 335°] California Jack Rabbit... cam. - 8 437 :
Black-nosed Kangaroo Rat ...... 346 | California Mouse. ...,. cum. . sen 203
BiaGle Ratios... ane sete ee hooks 164 | California Mule Deer............ 77
Bisck Micewhat. 0.3/5.7 sane « fa G50 | Camaleon .... 25-5 Ce 6 22
Black: Spry Rat). sc.) eres noe 370 | Cape St. Lucas Pocket Mouse .... 363
Black Squirrel, Gray's. 2... . ae 128 | Captious Harvest Mouse......... 263
Biick-tailed Hutia ... ieee ss ee 39° |etpy bara. ... 029 ens ee. > Ala 89
Black-tailed Kangaroo Rat ...... 34° COO aKCO. ..: cc ee » 66
Black-tailed Mouse ............. oy | (C1 ee nS EN eke 03
Black-tailed Wood Rat.......... 284 | Catemaco Spiny Mouse .......... 380
Bopava RicewRat .o5..4 a0... cee QA 6 CIMIRTGLO <<. ok abeatey kena ae 83
Bogavaipomy Rat seaceeane., . ccm 38% ‘|steeerl Ss Mouse... .. <1 ../eanet. «ces 178
Boqueron Cotton Rat............ aay | Gueme Cotton Rat .:..cee + «<a 225
Boquete Mouse ..............214, 274 | Central American Brocket ...... 79, 8o T
BoqueterPeceary 23 Jag aie. cca 65 | Central American Paca .......
Boquete Pocket Gopher ......... 3209 | Gerros Island Deer... {ain .. ./Ses
Boquete Spiny (Rat. sagen... SNe 372 | Gemeos Island Hare. ..... . ose
Boquete Vesper Rat ..00......055 216 | Cerros Island Mouse.............
Borrego Ceyagyvon.-..... ca tent» cine 86 | Cerros Island Wood Rat
INDEX OF COMMON NAMES.
Cervine Pocket Gopher .......... 340
eta Ceat nape’: ... ..1el cieeeee es ch eee 50
PeLACCAUS queers >... kame oe 35, 38, 48
Wetacea, Noothed...\.i Scan. . cee 43
Chapman’s Kangaroo Rat ....... 350
(hapinanscmmaice Raton... . ane 238
CheatinssWiood Rat. ic)... .aeee 295
Cherrie’s Costa Rican Mouse ..... 183
Cherrie’s Pocket Gopher ......... 330
Chermiecemsce Rat ...255.. . sme: 253
Chestnut-faced Pocket Gopher.... 315
Chestnut-headed Sloth .......... 22
Chiapacemetirrel eb... . . . aes 5 125
Chichen Itza Harvest Mouse ..... 265
Chichenmitza Rice IR... ae 236
CISGWemimeS ... . 2... « deen 132
Chienibtares,..<.: “hye cs). :) eee 4Il
Chihuahua Mule Deer............ 78
Chilpamcingo Mouse .:.... Jeu... 206
(Chlatajoviinh hal ARMA ee 3 ROMER bcos 8 89
Chipmmmik, Colorado: ....... oa 138
Chipmunk, Durango. ..... 4... ne'7
Remipmmic, Gila... as... sia sacl roi5
Chipmunk, Lower California...... 136
Wihioounie, Merriam ’s. ... . 6k .an me
Chipmunk, Mexican .......5.c0. 136
Ciimmaaniks ieaak..s . 90, 133, 134, 408
Chiriqui Harvest Mouse ......... 259
Chiriqur Piomiy Squirrel .....2... I00
Chiriqus Porcupine ........ seen. 402
Chiriqmtpsquigwel. .... . awe eames. 104
[Slakiiovoyy’ IMKOVEISIE S85 glaeo a oto NS 205
Cinereous Harvest Mouse........ 262
Cobamopimy Rat 3655 «eee « : 372
Cofre de Perote Harvest Mouse ... 266
Corayenbouti ... ce eee eee sts: 407
ColimarlGiny, Mouseks..cmeearane. 7s
Colima Harvest Mouse .......... 267
Colima Mountain Squirrel........ 119
Colimear Squirrel... sisi - 120
Caliared Wood Rat... ~argeck ss. 279
CGollecton Wood Rat: aaeeee 280
Colbecroquprrel ... ...cw.npieames. ts V2
Colorado Chipmunk. sae ae 138
Eememon Dolphin j. Ji aenwaees s+. iss
Common Kaller Whales). .5..... 51
Common LOnpoise) on eae. 40
Common Squirrel (of Europe) .... 132
GOMBIO Ss ahWy ss kin So Res 415,429
Coolidge’s Field Mouse .......... 187
Goges Whale .: ..4sstaee a: . 43
xxxi
PAGE
Costa RicsmDeen ieee. ee. eee 74
Costa Rica Harvest Mouse ....... 267
Cotton Rat Allenism a: jee: cera 224
Cotton Rat, Alpines, :omeneerer|: 231
Cotton Rag) Amoles:. eae... . 231
Cotton Rat Arizona: Gane. « 228
Cotton Rat, Bailey's: Sint i... 226
Cotton Rat, Berlandiersea. se... 228
Cotton Rat, Black-eared......... 232
Cotton Rat) Boqweronmas. ane os 225
Cotton#Rat Bonucamyneas os sae 22
Cotton Rat, /@eiba (a.5.-..- 225
Cotton Rat, Fulvous-bellied ...... 232
Cotton RiatlWan ce trenrnc,.) tessa 228
Cottom RamiLeastigse ye. snc scue 230
Cotton mNwateeMascotama . >. tenew 227
Cotton Rat, Ochraceous-faced .... 230
Cottone ar @cctlan eee ase seer 22
Cotton Rat, Small-toothed ....... 226
Cottonatateieapa |... 25 vis. athie.'s 225
Cottonskat sWoltec.. nese ee 226
Cotton weet tomalasswaneenecae « 22
Cotton Rat, Volean de Chiriqui... 231
Cotton Rat, Western Desert...... 227
Cotton Rat, White-eared......... 230
COC IN AGS he oe e es! Gis, easy arsenate 80, 222
(Gof) Sats Sane horke A cs SREB CRD Ie Bho. oa be: 405
Comes Deer eayes in: cine ares Vion His
Coues’ Meadow Vole ............ 303
Cottes hace trate ic Ri gdkcutae we 236
Cowaichi...: iar suet aorta eee 47, 56
CO DUR: os eenene cee Sa tale 382
Cozumel Island Rice Rat......... 241
Crestedeniooutl a is...\ce ee ere nit at 407
Crested-tailed Mouse ............ 304
(Crabababhate:: AMegonbial 25's cigul 3, aaroled obs 406
Curly spiny, MOuUSeei acme «+0.h ise 380
Danke Meadow: Voletgaetay. |... dna 302
Dark-tailed Spiny Mouse ........ 370
DEC SOTISmV Viale ee... = cise 42
Decertiul Rice Rati en... see 246
ID Yeoi2: SIN 2 ae Gane) 5 60, 68, 79
DG Gimn cities: .chccaRabeeer ss. . ccanee iis
DeeruCalitionnia, Mules... .. 0c 7%}
Deans Geros Islands emer. . .\. eee 76
Deer, Chihuahua Mule........... 78
Deen Costa Rica sree: «6c cn 74
DMeenyCoues i)! .ciAueeeners ss oe wane FO) 7A
Deer, Desert Mule 2220... .. 5.52% 77
Deer, Hamilton Smith’s ......... 74
XXxii
PAGE
Deer, Lower California .......... 78
Weer. Mexicam.. 2)... . -\<-eee 72
ecm Mule <ci.. 5004. -ce---- oe 76
Pere NTUSK ". csiqie 2 niet: «sR 67
Deer Nelson's. ..m.<.. sey. - ae a5
Dees Rothschildisan.. .. cen. see 72
Deer, Sinaloa White-tailed ....... 78
Deer. Newman... .< tees... ees see 70
Deerrthomas’:.. oss = oes eee 74
Deer Me Suc... . ame + See ee 73
Deer, White-tailed .............. 68
Deere Mucarany, ...::.. aes < + cieeiam 74
eet MGe ey is ov coe epee <Gte Sigel 170
Deer MOuUSegse . .. 07s «semen eke 169
Deen Mousewiasaladaue) . soar 190
Deer Mouse, White-spot.......... 178
Deppe’s' Squirrel...) .) Joes «saa IO
Desert) Hare, Greater see. . sane 423
Desert, Hare, Lesser 0.0. ves). . oo 423
Desert Jack Kabbitewe.. «.=t5:. 6 435
Desert Jack Rabbit, Gray........ 436
Desert’ Kangaroo) Rat). ...2..'. 345
Wesert Mouse s..563 56 sume. oe Igl
Desert Mouse, Allied.............
Desert Mouse, Sonoyta...........
Desert Mule Deer ............... 77
Desert Rabbit, Western ......... 437
Desert Rat, San Felipe........... 286
Desert White-footed Mouse ...... 188
Digger Pocket Gopher ........... 324
DiksbiketAntelopes. 6.4). sage. ss 60
Poe at ea ey als OER # Se 79
Distinct Pocket Gophers......... 325
Dolphin, Bottle-nosed ........... 56
Drea MOOMIMON hs... satesa-< on)
MEOH Rade 'S een sa, Ge» a 56
Malohin tekay'S... acy Gages + sane 59
Dolphin, ene-nosed i itgacs - . \ctes 58
Dolphin, Sharp-toothed......... 57,58
Dolphins! she. . . 43, 47,49, 52, 54, 55) 57
Donkey Jacke Rabbit... : .eer- 435
Doubtful Kangaroo Rat......... 346
Dow:sDaat:. -.saken ote. <oamOe s 88
Drab Gray Mole Mouse ......:... 168
DryaduMiouse: ..:.. s.tereleree. eee: 204
Dicom ieerae..s.. » . cidenkeeenet, epee 35, 36
DurancoGhapmunic cae os yee: ray
Duransoswares «5. tees oe 25
Dirancosguircel’ .:; see «ee II2
DuransoyWood: Ratiaace - ees 285
Dusky-footed Wood Rat......... 279
INDEX OF COMMON NAMES.
PAGE
Dusky Harvest Mouse........ 261, 272
Dusky Kangaroo Rat ........... 351
Dusky Slothk: - ogee: » samen 24
Dusky Spiny Mouse we... “)same 379
Dwarf Motsee. ci cktebs - </: see 175
Dwari Peceaty...- ssa. «ee 62
Earl of Derby’s Opossum ........ 9
Eastern Desert Pocket Mouse .... 359
Edentates : ita: \. <-veameneton (2's, : onan 19
Elephant: . \2peci. - comers ss = te 60
El General Rice Rat ............ 249
EEncubterto. 2. Seis, emma ae ss ate 34
Energetic Mouses .: {iieme.. ss an 203
Escondido River Rice Rat....... 248
Escondido River Squirrel ........ 128
Espirito Santo Island Jack Rabbit. 43%
ten Opossum. «|. . usm 18
Eve's Mouse. sabe. - .) antes 198
Faded Vesper Rat.... <2: . ste.» ; 210
Keeble Mouse 2 tian. - shes ee. 186
Field Mice}... ea. -ataa enero 89,170
Bield’ Mouse;Allted. bras ere ois 180
Field Mouse, Anthony’s.......... 185
Field Mouse, Arizona ......-2..... 186
Field Mouse, Ashy Gray ......... 195
Field Mouse, Banderas .......... 190
Field Mouse, Black-eared......... 178
Field Mouse, Coolidge’s .......... 187
Field Mouse, Jalapa ............. 208
Field Mouse, La Carpintera ...... 198
Field Mouse, La Palma .......... 194
Field Mouse, Large-eared......... 210
Field Mouse, Mount Zempoaltepec. 204
Field Mouse, Nelsons See - ..- ar 214
Field Mouse, Oaxaca...:cm.....2. 206
Field Mouse, Orizaba ...ee....+.. 207
Field Mouse, Ozolotepec .......... 210
Field Mouse, San Cristobal ....... 209
Field Mouse, San Felipe ......... 205
Field Mouse, San Geronimo Island. 181
Field Mouse, Shy............ .. DOF
Field Mouse, Sonora White-footed. 182
Field Mouse, Stephens’........... IQt
Field Mouse, Tehuantepec ....... 206
ipgeid Mouse, Texan, snes. once ees 186
Field Mouse, Thomas’ Guerrero... 213
Field Mouse, Thurber’s .......... rj)
fuerd Mouse, Tlalpam, Jas... ose. 196
Field Mouse, Totontepec......... 208
INDEX OF COMMON NAMES.
PAGE
Bightine Whole ™ ...... 2). lane 4!
Rimioack Wralles ....5.. 2m. . cee 42
mms CleS Poet: .. «sels, ene hee 42
Pire-belliedtsquirrel ......\). . eee 116
Fisher's spenmophile 9. . .- eee 150
Five-toed Kangaroo Rats........ 349
Flat-headed Pocket Gopher ...... 319
GGG lemons «525s eye eh a cere 428
METRE SD MEIGE . . . . 5... -, : Se 196
Pilyincwamenerel ..: 2000). . eee 158
Piyinersanarrels... iy... sae 89, 157
Poreiga Mouse . 2.204)... oa wees 197
Four-toed Kangaroo Rats ....... 341
Fox Samierel, Texas... .. : gee: IIo
Franklin Mountains Mouse ....... 196
ricky Ouse, . . cae.’ . . cae 199
Fulvous-bellied Cotton Rat ...... 232
Fulvous-bellied Meadow Vole .... 301
Fulvous-bellied Opossum......... 8
Fulvous-bellied Wood Rat....... 289
iain NI OUSEH Si 75 oi aso as ee ee 183
Folveus Pocket Gopher ...\...: 722. 316
Bialwonce Rice ature waeioreie re ¢ 247,248
SV OEORSTS= 3 CIN IRA eS er 50
(Gelols) GEE Ides ot). eee eNeMee Coley Ace 426
Gagons MeuSemien........ oume 201
Gaillard’s JackiRabbit ...22s06m - 433
GGiar Gees PINGS EA... sss. ete ees 402
Gaumegs Spy Rat ..ic.a5he. . - 371
Gentlemvouseriat.\ 0 kone weemee ss 182
Cian wan SATOG suena. cee I
Giant) Pocket Gopiter. ia acune. . 322
Gila Chiprminle pesmi 2. ee 135
Gils Dolan oitte 2) seers. 56
(Gaba tUeS to, 5 me ARe olen a, 0. 6. 6:0 SHR 60
Colichinier Suny Iasi enero rs - 384
RSI CUS TRE. . - «isi ene Gee 89
Meese Mh: . sate, ies ess 60
Golden-bellied Squirrel........... it i
(Golden Mouse... -)-- 1 eee Gre 169
Goldman’s Harvest Mouse ....... 268
Goldman suvlouses a) aarti. . 186
Goldman’s Pocket Gopher ....316, 339
Goldiman’s Pocket Mousey... . 365
(Crolkclinntemants IRGy eer te 6 o16!o 4 io dc “288
Goldimanispace Rarer. - 246
Goldnian’s Spermophile ......... Pen
GoldinanisiSpiny. Rateanescatr - . - 373
Goldman chogticrelijaeere cs |. 130
Gopher, Blackish Pocket oo 6 a eS 335
XXxili
PAGE,
Gopher, Boquete Pocket ......... 329
Gopher, Bristled Pocket.......... 324
Gopher, Broad-footed Pocket..... 329
Gopher, Buller’s Backer yaya. 320
Gopher, Cervine Pocket.......... 340
Gopher, Cherrie’s Pocket......... 330
Gopher, Chestnut-faced Pocket ... 315
Gopher, Digger Pocket ...... es ge
Gopher, Flat-headed Pocket...... 319
Gopher, Fulvous Pocket ......:.. 316
Gopher, Giant Pocket............ 322
Gopher, Goldman’s Pocket .. ..316, 339
Gopher, Harsh-coated Pocket .... 326
Gopher, Iragm Pocket’: 1... i. aus 328
Gopher, Juarez Pocket .......... 338
Gopher, Las Vigas Pocket........ 314
Gopher) osty Pocket. 5 fox. sa tame 338
Gopher, Merriam’s Pocket ....... Bre
Gopher Mountain |. Sead ds Jet 314
Gopher, Mount Iztaccihuatl Pocket 314
Gopher, Naked-tailed Pocket ..... 318
Gopher, Narrow-headed Pocket... 328
Gopher, Neglected Pocket
Gopher, Nelson’s Pocket .
Gopher, Orizaba Pocket .
Gopher, Pacuare Pocket .
Gopher, Pale Pocket ....
Gopher, Perote Pocket ..
Gopher, Pine Zone Pocket
Gopher, Plateau Pocket .
onan A 320
ET AIF 2347
Gopher, Reddish Brown Pocket... 334
Gopher, Sand-loving Pocket ...... 310
Gopher, San Pedro Martir Pocket . 336
Gopher, Santa Anita Pocket...... 2315
Gopher, Sierra Laguna Pocket .... 335
Gopher; Sinaloa Pockets]... 1... 339
Gopher, Slender-nosed Pocket .... 319
Gopher, Sooty Pocketie... . «ce 318
Gopher, Tatameles Pocket........ 338
Gopher, Tough-skinned Pocket.... 319
Gopher, Tropical Pocket ......... 326
Gopher, Troublesome Pocket ..... 337
Gopher, Wandering Pocket....... Bey
Gopher, White-nosed Pocket...... 322
Gophers 25... .\. 138, 308, 309, 332, 408
Gophers, Ancient Pocket......... 320
Gophers, Broad-headed Pocket.... 316
Gophers; Distinct Pocket’... i... 30's
Gophers, Large Size Pocket....... 326
Gophers, Pocket .. 225... 200, 3nomase
Gophers, Powerful Pocket........ But
XXxiv
PAGE.
Gophers, Straight-headed Pocket . 322
Gophers, Zygomata Pocket....... 330
Gray-backed Harvest Mouse ..... 272
Gray Desert Jack Rabbit ........ 436
Gray-faced Wood Rat ........... 297
Gray Opossum): .3,.\..0s5 |: kn 7
Gray Pocket Mouse....75....78 367
Gray's Black Squirrel .........1% 128
Gray SDoiphin .;.\9by... cnek ss ee 59
Gravsomechare.. . Mii. “canta. ae 426
Gray acer teat... cies. cheese ate 373
Gray’si Spiny Mouse 280)... ciriete ola 375
Gray Squirrel, Arizona)...:....:. 109
Gray squirrel Calitomaie. .. 4.50 130
Gray Squirrel) Little: . ce: . aye 102
Gray SQuistels .:. .2csageoe = \eaoe 93
Cray Whalen... i. 'stal aera = 0 Cname 40
isreat vAnteater «occas hos 24, 29, 30
Great California Pocket Mouse ... 367
Greater Desert Hare ............ 423
Great-tailed Mouse, i... .505..45 212
Greenland Whales Ji. =.) sae 43
GrizZled MOUSes. nen so + serteeie es eee 196
(EeoonG-HOPS sh Fave yw bee wsls ow sues go
Ground Porcwpimes s. 6 nists ss 309
Ground Squirrels 34../ 4. ; «syle. - 89, 90
Ground Squirrels, American ...... 134
Guatemalan Meadow Vole ....... 306
Guatemalan Rice Rat...../.o25. 241
Guatemala Squirrels c... sac aGe 124
Guerrero Field Mouse, Thomas’... 213
Guerrero SQUMuTEl fiick sc ones 120
KSrigdtiea= pis. esv Ase ies oe eee ee 4Il
Granciach 6) Fiubian yc) \scsacees be 392
Gunnison’s Prairie-dog .......... 156
Fieacy Flaite... icy kee 390
batten Fig... ete lane 396
Hamilton Smith’s Deer.......... 74
Handsome Kangaroo Rat........ 345
Bare “AlGG ee: . .).::).ne 3 ae Shee 424
Hare “Amigo... seca. oh ee 423
Flare, Ashseolored... ¢...c... sone: 420
Hare, Attwater’s Swamp......... 414
Hare, Audiioon’s 9. ves see, 422
Hare, Bachman’s Wood ......... 429
Fare Centos sland., ame tts cae 428
Hare, Durameo; . . nL eee oe oe 25
are; leet. < .'s.<- co Seen eds ts ae 428
Hare; Gallien sv... «),aeete. rea 426
are, Graysou's.... ) memes. awe 426
INDEX OF COMMON NAMES.
Hare, Greater Desert ...... 22 ones 423
Hare, Holgmers.: wana - «sae 419
HarepLesser’Desertisn..... + sme 423
Hare, Littles. ancien es ).. eee 421
Hare, Lower California........... 430
Hare. Michoacan -seeeee- «2.0 417
Haré, Nelsons. :. seen: 5 « cate 412
Hare, Nuttalifs: .3..psmeme =». sans 425
Mare, Orizabann.. nian. +: tee 425
Hare; Plainis gee... scam as oie 421
Hare; Puebla eee :\. sitar: ic ce 418
Hare, Russet ees.«|: <a epeeiet osteo 420
Mare; San Diecor). foamed. | are 422
Hare, Small-focted .: gage... . os 436
Hare, Swanipiigns - > « ameeeha eS 415
Hare, Tehuantepec. ean... 8 418
Hare, True's\swanip ~leemeerer ss 415
Hare, Vera Crutzen... eee: 420
Elare, Washinetonin,.. one 410
Hare Yucatatie: set) ss0 eee 419
LCDTeS ... Wl aceeeeeeetae 89, 409, 410, 411
Hares, ArChiC. ..2 sa\c son 6 ee 410
Blares, Chief: £3: 4acs eee 4II
Harris's Spermophile a. nea I41
Harsh-coated Pocket Gopher ..... 326
miarvest Micegime.ss... ...ct mms: 255
Harvest Mousemrace: .. . 0. mee 80, 161
Harvest Mouse, Alpine .......... 266
Harvest Mouse, Ameca.......... 270
Harvest Mouse, Big-eared........ 259
Harvest Mouse, Brownsville ...... 264
Harvest Mouse, Calel......0).... 269
Harvest Mouse, Captious ........ 263
Harvest Mouse, Chichen Itza ..... 265
Harvest Mouse, Chiriqui am. ... 6 259
Harvest Mouse, Cinereous........ 262
Harvest Mouse, Cofre de Perote .. 267
Tharvest Mouse, Colima Soa. ...=<: 267
Harvest Mouse, Costa Rica ...... 267
Harvest Mouse, Dusky ....... 261,272
Harvest Mouse, Goldman’s....... 268
Harvest Mouse, Gray-backed ..... 272
Harvest Mouse, Hispid........... 270
Harvest Mouse, Irazu Voleano.... 259
Harvest Mouse, Jalapa .......... 267
Harvest Mouse, Large-eared...... 271
Harvest Mouse, Las Vigas ....... 262
Harvest Mouse, Long-tailed ...... 261
Harvest Mouse, Lower California. . 262
Harvest Mouse, Mexican......... 264
Harvest Mouse, Mountain........ 263
INDEX OF COMMON NAMES.
PAGE.
Harvest Mouse, Mount Popocatepetl 265
Harvest Mouse, Oaxaca.......... 270
Harvest Mouse, Oposura......... 264
Harvest Mouse, Orizaba.......... 266
Harvest Mouse, Patzcuaro........ 271
Harvest Mouse, Peninsular....... 263
Harvest Mouse, Rufous.......... 268
Harvest Mouse, San Sebastian .... 270
Harvest Mouse, Slender.......... 205
Harvest Mouse, Slender-nosed . 268
Harvest Mouse, Tlalpam......... 271
Harvest Mouse, Todos Santos .... 269
Harvest Mouse, Valparaiso....... 260
Harvest Mouse, Volcan Toluca ... 266
Harvest Mouse, White-lipped..... 269
Hle@aWyeEeCCATy ...Wi. «cee 64
nedoaemus (Rats in... ... seems 382
Heller’s Pocket Mouse........... 360
PiiapeOtamius 240.5): 3. i ca ee 60
Hispia, Harvest Mouse... :..:.92. : 270
Tiispanl Pocket Mouse... ..... fem. 360
Meptanopiny Mouse ..... .... gee 375
Piepied spiny Rati. o's. dui... a7 i
Inlouniautehohokgsy pslKoyrlaWyey § ah fue Sieur: 20, 21
Rotman s Squitrel: ...: 24. dak. 104
RO OaMMRyE cS R Oa OAs 5 1. (Aly MMs 60
LO GeIC I keira ia. \... seem 48
Hollow-horned Ruminants...... 67, 83
lolzimet:s: Telametn../!\..b.ia0 Seen » 419
Honduras Spiny Mouse.......... 381
Hlondimas Squirrel)... issue. « . 128
Hoofedi@uadrupeds ...2u.nue... 60
LOLS Gee: = 's) CVA eeu. et eT 60
fousevMouse... tren.) ober: s . 163
House Mouse, Allied ............ 180
House Mouse, Jalapa............ 163
EO Se RECeUty....... «| siaeen ee te EMME 222
OU SE ivaios :,..c ssianwthe: ae. « 306
Hiachucasequirrell. ase» - 109
Huehuetan Spiny Mouse......... 380
ump-backed Whale...i.5,..... 4I
Hints, black-tailed! Wiwacmmeras. . . 391
Jaume), (Cgenn aleve ao yek obi ele 392
Pips Flam .. Sst? Se aeeeet ss 390
lctiteialy, ELatGatl ...... . ce anes es - - 306
Fatale Unraihat1l)S eee 5 304
Huta, Lanceolate-spotaaseeu,.:.- 302
Hutia, Prehensile-tailed.......... 301
Aida, ohort-tatled> eemren.... 393
Hutia, White-banded............ 304
lel ee Oe A 5 oo 60
XXXV
PAGE
Tce Whalemae: :, <.) ee ree) nee 39
Imitator Mouse: gms. Sates eee 205
Ingraham’ erilutiawee. nee eee 304
Intermediate Pocket Mouse ...... 304
Ivazu Pocket Gopiter . jay aeeees. - 328
Irazu Volcano Harvest Mouse .... 259
Island of Cozumel Mouse ........ 181
Island of Cozumel Opossum ...... 5
Island of Tiburon Mouse......... 175
Island Opossum. ':sheneues as 4 xt 7
Isolated Ruce geet. cumeie a eon etd 254
Isthmuan Agence eerie vice ee 407
Isthmian Spiny Mouse........... 378
Isthmian VWigod) ater. nae 287
Jabale sans scsi a ee 63
Jackass Rabbit, Batty’s ......... 433
Jacl RatbiigAuien’s. 2% <...:5)s) sae 434
Jack Rabbit, Beautiful-eared ..... 431
Jack Rabbit, California, >. 4.2)... .9 437
Jack, RetspiDesert "J. J)0e dane ere 435
Jack Rabbit, Desert Gray ....... 436
Jack RabbitesDonkey sens see 435
Jack Rabbit, Expirito Santo Island 438
jack Rabbit, Gaulard/si. jt... ee 433
Jack Rabbit, Lower California .... 438
Jack Rabbit, Merriam’s.......... 432
Jack Rabbit, San Pedro Martir... 439
Jack Rabbit, Wandering......... 434
Jacke tab sien.) cern cine 410, 411
Jalapa Brown Mouse ............ 176
Jalapa FieldiMiouse iy. ao see ee 208
Jalapa Harvest Mouse........... 267
Jalapa House Mouse... 2... 2... 163
JalapaniMotise name rane 192
Jalapa: Bice Rabe is.) Wana sss 240
Jalisco Small-eared Mouse ....... 179
Jatiaica Rice Rathmnmemie.. 2 sae 247
Jaxal Pocket Mousewiees .. sea 365
JietaMiouse cath... ca ees uss 5 eee 179
warez Pocket Gopheme,......% a 338
Jiamiping Mice: .:..jecaree.« . teen 89
Jiquila Metse::.. fee. .... 02s 179
Jrigtnla Wood: Tat ee... oe 288
WWamoatoosGilantacher aes: .. «=e I
KancaroowRat;, Allseditey,......= nese 347
Kangaroo Rat, Black-nosed ...... 348
Kangaroo Rat, Black-tailed ...... 348
Kangaroo Rat, Chapman's ....... 350
Kangaroo Rat, Desert..........5 345
XXxvi
PAGE.
Kangaroo Rat, Doubtfal..... ake 346
Kangaroo Rat, Dusky. .\..’.: femme 351
Kangaroo Rat, Handsome ....... 345
Kangaroo Rat, Merriam’s ........ 346
Kangaroo Rat, Nimble........... 351
Kangaroo Rat, Ord’s .28.... am 350
Kangaroo Rat, Ornamented ...... 344
Kangaroo Rat, Palmer’s .......2% 350
Kangaroo Rat, Perote ...i.... Wee 344
Kangaroo Rat, Phifltps’ “i023. 98 343
Kangaroo Rat, Smatiy... 0... ae 346
Kangaroo Rat, Tiburon Island ... 344
Kangaroo Rats...... 340, 341, 348, 352
Kangaroo Rats, Five-toed ....... 349
Kangaroo Rats, Four-toed ....... 341
1 GTS UO RS A i 49
silat) ithe hs cde horetaraeaten: kane 49,50
Reler Whale. oo s6 oo sesame os ate 50
Kaller Whale, Common 2: .:.0. 4002 51
Killer Whale, Large-toothed...... 57
Katler Wihalesis «cassia. « £0; Az sO Gt
Kamelreds Mouse sce comhs -)s +) s/o eae 202
La Carpintera Field Mouse....... 198
Lanceolate-spot Hutia........... 392
La Palma Field Mouse .......... 104
La Parada Spity' Rat... . 5.2... 369
Marve; COULOn ENA bere &.<...< <kemeenane 228
Large-eared Field Mouse......... 210
Large-eared Harvest Mouse ...... 271
Large-eared Mole Mouse ......... 169
Large-eared Wood Rat.......... 279
Large-sized Pocket Gophers ...... 326
Large-toothed Killer Whale ...... 51
La Salada Deer Mouse .......... 190
Las Vigas Harvest Mouse........ 262
Las Vigas Pocket Gopher ........ 314
east Corson Rat ic: aes sss 0 nee 230
|DySinakaakeallses i. aie acre is SSUES 6 ce 208
Lesser Desert Hare ...5......0%- 423
TRAE =o AR. 2 on eRe. <<.2 ae 431
Light-colored Porcupine ......... 401
Linnean 'Ggossum 2)... see. 15
Eion: HilivSguirrel 24,5) ess. tee 105
Little Desert Pocket Mouse....... 358
Little; Grayrsquirrel:.ycree sae e 102
Little velares....... cusses s oie bere 421
Little or Two-toed Anteater..... 25, 26
Little: Spaay Mouse. is aes «% + soci 377
Littoral spinye Mouser.) cee 381
TAMAS ices els): :'< ok | ee 60
INDEX OF COMMON NAMES.
Lonely Rieé Rat te... eemion
Long-haired Rice Rat........ eh.
Long-nosed: Dolphitie. ¢ .... .7ageen 58
Long=nosed Mosel. . : ::nee 209
Long-nosed Spiny Mouse ........ 378
Long-spined Porcupines ......... 397
Long-tailed Harvest Mouse ...... 261
Long-tailed..Rice: Ratve, . ....:... en
Long-tailed Spermophile.........
Long-tailed Spiny Rat........... 372
Lost Pocket Gephengeeres..-...c08
Lower California Chipmunk ......
Lower California Deer ........... 78
Lower California Hare........... 430
Lower California Harvest Mouse .. 262
Lower California Jack Rabbit..... 438
Lower California Mountain Sheep. 84
Lower California Rice Rat.......
Lower California Spermophile..... 143
Lower California Wood Rat...... 283
Madoqua. io. s es watt «4.10 eee 79
Mammals, American ..\.. ¢eene 255
Mammals: Pouched) iia. I
Manatee 5.1: anit sie aes ee Bie sy ar
Manatees. .J..Q9his ce is s s)he eee 36
Manzanillo Squarrel.....2.. same: < 122
Margarita Pocket Mouse ......... 363
Maria Madre Island Mouse ....... 197
Maria Madre Island Opossum .... 7
Maria Madre Island Rice Rat .... 235
Biarmot.... .. «2.6 see ae 152
iNET panto RMR Glory rio cic 5. cago go
Marsh Rice Rat: 5. ace - See 237
Marstpials .. 2... < pence. -'< 40am I
Mascota Cotton Ratjvcemee..-<se 227
Meadow Mice ... 5 Jaccmeee. i ee 298
Meadow Mouse, Rio Sestin ....... 260
Meadow Vole, Coues’ .. Jay. . .\.. +s 303
Meadow Vole, Dark seep. . 2.208 302
Meadow Vole, Fulvous-bellied .... 301
Meadow Vole, Guatemalan ....... 306
Meadow Vole, Mexican........... 301
Meadow Vole, Mount Zempoaltepec 305
Meadow Vole, Reddish .......... 302
Mearns’ Squirrel). de agian see nes T38
Merriam’s Chipmunk ............ 137
Merriam’s Jack Rabbit .......... 432
Merriam’s Kangaroo Rat ........ 346
Merriam’s Pocket Gopher ........ 313
Merriam’s Pocket Mouse......... 354
na a
INDEX OF COMMON NAMES.
PAGE.
Mexican Aout .....ii...: nate 405
Mexican Chipmink ...5i... ahaa 136
esican JDeet. . .. 53 0. ae «eee 72
Mexican Harvest Mouse.......... 204
Mexican Meadow Vole........... 301
Mexican Mountain Sheep......... 86
Mexia TWOSe _: . . 12 api <, 1 ee 207
Mexican Murine Opossum........ 6
pMexicam Prairie-doo. ss u..;/aeee: 156
Mexican Pocket Mouse........... 355
Mexicanmerone-horn 2). ; | cae 81, 82
Mexican Spermophile............ 146
Mexican Tree Porcupine ......... 4o1
Mexicammywood Ratu, ..). . cums. 282
RGM ee. 3... cams sa « Reon 162
MCS IBEET):.. . uke «> eh ene 170
Wiikess (°c) nn aay so 89, 170
Micem@itervest o.% osa sins. coun 25
Micermpamping : 256... .cheouene 89
Mi Gem Vitcacloiw: sce. :acisi... Uae 208
MiCeMIOl eae eet ee 165
MiGs POCKeth s cns ese s <3 340352; 368
Micmranican Hare)... .'. 0... : Laas 417
Michoacan Squirrel). .)/ 0%. sce. 118
Milton s Armadillo: ic 3c. <.0- ube cia
sree MGISE eee cs... eecclamier. 180
VIG PNITCE: eters 5... aden 165
Mole Mouse, Black-browed ....... 166
MoleiMouse; Drab Gray 1... 20. 168
Mole Mouse, Large-eared......... 169
MoleeWipuse Male. cc6csc5 ee. - 167
Mole Mouse, Ramona............ 167
Mole Mouse, Sand-loving......... 168
Mole Mouse, Tropical......... 167, 168
MMGIES Hewi « «scisc ete eee) 89
Migoset ai.) 3 ee Cae ee. 67
IVE OK OVA. « 5 out eS. « 63
Mountain Gopher .A2« s joao ss. « 314
Mountain Harvest Mouse........ 263
Motatain Mouse .<2 205 Same: - - 200
Mountain Sheep: i: oj sassy: - 83
Mountain Sheep, Lower California 84
Mountain Sheep, Mexican ........ 86
Motmtain squirrel) 2 oaneeeeie . . « T21
Motmitain\Viood) INaGuaeemier ). « 204
Mount Iztaccihuatl Pocket Gopher 314
Mount Malinche Mouse.......... IQ5
Mount Popocatepetl Harvest Mouse 265
Mis tancitaro WoodsRaitseemn. -. - 290
Mount Zempoaltepec Field Mouse. 204
Mount Zempoaltepec Meadow Vole 305
XXXxvii
PAGE
Mouse ...; Same. 0 Gees one Cee 93, 161
Mouse, Alteity ...., sae... see 208
Mouse, Allents Spine. .viis ee 376
Mouse, Allved, :::iauiy. nee eemeron = 1g2
Mouse, Allied Desert............. 185
Mouse, Allied Ficidy i225. 4:. 180
Mouse, Allied House .........:.. 180
Mouse, Alpine Harvest .......... 266
Mouse, Alstonisee. nee cesiid 2773
Mouse, Ameca Harvest .......... 270
Mouse, Anthony’s Field.......... 185
Mouse, Anthony’s Pocket ........ 306
Mouse, Apazipe. : Aime ht tlscas-nb ote 194
Mouse, Arizona Field............. 186
Mouse, Ashy Gray Field ......... 195
Mouser Avtecs... a aeinens | oh oe 184
Mouse, Bailey’s Pocket .......... 301
Mouse, Baird’s Pocket).......¢s05 354
Mouse, Banderas Field .......... 190
Motise; Banos Reda eae 2 ogden aren 2715
Mouse, Batopilas Pocket ......... 365
Mouse, Big-eared Harvest........ 259
Mouse, Black-browed............ 201
Mouse, Black-browed Mole ....... 166
Mouse, Black-eared Field......... 178
Mouse, Black-eared Pocket....... 356
Mouse: Black-footed. 2.2.2 Jsa40- 210
Mouse, Blacketailed: ..: . 7.5 eee Ig2
Mouse, Boguetes. .-.ia. screen 214,274
Moise; Boylerses cn tun eee 195
Mouse, Broad-nosed Pocket ...... 359
Mouse, Brownsville Harvest ...... 264
Mouse, Bryant's Pocket ......... 364
Mouse, Buff-colored Pocket ...... 362
Mouse, Calel Harvest 40... .65- 269
Mousé,Califormiay. . d.emen). anger 203
Mouse, Cape St. Lucas Pocket .... 363
Mouse, Captious Harvest ........ 263
Mouse, Catemaco Spiny.......... 380
Mouse; ‘Cecilis: (5 aspen. ene 178
Muse, Cerros Islandia... .....20man 185
Mouse, Cherrie’s Costa Rican ..... 183
Mouse, Chichen Itza Harvest ..... 265
Mouse, Chilpancingo’ og. . ....0. vas 206
Mouse, Chiriqui Harvest......... 259
Mouse, Cimipby, jt: kau... oem 205
Mouse, Cinereous Harvest........ 262
Mouse, Cofre de Perote Harvest .. 266
Mouse Colima Cityeeeter +... 21 ene 175
Mouse, Colima Harvest .......... 267
Mouse, Coolidge’s Field .......... 187
XXXViii INDEX OF COMMON NAMES.
; PAGE PAGE
Mouse, Costa Rica Harvest....... 207 | Mouse, Jalapan .7f2as... .. commen. 192
Mouse, Crested-tailed............ 204 | Mouse, Jalisco Small-eared ....... 179
Mouse, Curly Spiny. 2... .. . cae 380 | Mouse, Jaral Pocket............4 365
Mouse, Dark-tailed Spiny ........ e7o, | Mouse, Jetiae.J. seen: cue 179
Mouse, Deer. oie. . cake: . - se EG9.| Mouse, Juqmilas. een... .. ae 179
Mouse, Desert. cnc... eee. ee FOr, | Mouse, Kindred): aie... (2 ee 202
Mouse, Desert White-footed ...... 188 | Mouse, La Carpintera Field ...... 198
Mouse, Drab Gray Mole ......... 168 | Mouse, La Palma Field .......... 194
Mousey Dryad . «oS e «miei as Se 204 | Mouse, Large-eared Field......... 210
Mouse, Dusky Harvest ....... 261,272 | Mouse, Large-eared Harvest...... a7
Mouse; Dusky Spiny ws. 2.4. 6.29 379 | Mouse, Large-eared Mole......... 169
MGSO MUERTE, . 2: .. chins + wines em 175 | Mouse, La Salada Deer=.......-. Igo
Mouse, Eastern Desert Pocket .... 359 | Mouse, Las Vigas Harvest ....... 262
Mouse yHEnmercetic: ie. 2 canine 203 | Mouse, Little Desert Pocket ...... 358
Mouse seimotern.. .’.. . ymtel, aoe toe! Mouse, Little Spiny “hess. +. 377
Mosse; Peamish... 0 dda: > ssate 60) |-Mouse, Littoral Spiny.snae, +... 2 381
mse, UG... ss seb om 45a, Cae ori Mouse, Long-neseds, saceamee. « . 2 209
eowse, Himes 4272). yal ces os eee 197 | Mouse, Long-nosed Spiny ........ 378
Mouse, Franklin Mountains ...... 196 | Mouse, Long-tailed Harvest ...... 261
MMouse,: rising.) meee sg aa thee 199 | Mouse, Lower California Harvest . 262
Mouse, Pulvougusce ae: . us cocane 183 | Mouse, Margarita Pocket ........ 363
Mouse; Gadowisit-meian.. . . one 201 | Mouse, Maria Madre Island ...... 197
Manse; Gentle .)¢ vans... sein 182 | Mouse, Merriam’s Pocket ........ 354
PaGuse Groldeggis:,|<), case oss, 0) eee 169.) Mouse, Mexican’s...>... 2 Ganueeetee 207
Motse;: Goldmamishcn. scsi: vene. 186 | Mouse, Mexican Harvest ......... 264
Mouse, Goldman’s Harvest ....... 268 | Mouse, Mexican Pocket .......... 355
Mouse, Goldman’s Pocket ........ Z6cgimMouse, Mimicieeni..... een 180
Mouse, Gray-backed Harvest ..... 272 | Mouse, Mountain ............... 200
Mouse, Gray Pockety. ox.) ss.8 ae 367 | Mouse, Mountain Harvest........ 263
Mouse, (Gray's; Spigty 04... 2, oh 375 | Mouse, Mount Malinche.......... 195
Mouse, Great California Pocket ... 367 | Mouse, Mount Popocatepetl Har-
Mouse, Great-tailed............... 212 VEST... «cA ae ce 265
Mouse, Grizzledin in 8 ok ik a as 196 | Mouse, Mount Zempoaltepec Field. 204
Mouse: (Elamy eaten ctl. cae te 89, 161 | Mouse, Mule-eared .... 05a. ...7. 199
Mouse, Heller’s Pocket .......... 360 | Mouse, Naked-eared............. 188
Mouse, Hispid Harvest........... avo | Mouse, Nelson’s Pield«jjga,... 1.) 214
Mouse, Hispid Pocket............ 360 | Mouse, Nelson’s Pocketage....... 364
Mouse "Hoary Spiny !..40.. 4... 375 | mouse, Nelson’s Spitiy james » . ae 382
Mouse, Honduras Spiny ......... 38x |aMiguse, Oaxaca Field gyms .. 0.5 206
MOUSE AELOUSE.... . eves... 5 ee 163 | Mouse, Oaxaca Harvest.......... 270
Mouse, Huehuetan Spiny ........ 380 |eeause, Odd-tailed ix 7 ee. ..S2. . 202
Mouse? Tmimtator. .2a5ha voters Maas’ 205 | Mouse, Oposura Harvest ......... 264
Mouse, Intermediate Pocket. ..... 364 ianmouse, Orizaba Field um... 2m... 207
Mouse, Irazti Volcano Harvest.... 259 | Mouse, Orizaba Harvest.......... 266
Mouse, Island of Cozumel ........ 18y | M@use, Ozolotepec..vsaun. «sees 210
Mouse, Island of Tiburon......... 175 | Mase, Pacific Pocketivau....2e.. 355
Mouse, Isthmian Spiny .......... 378 |- Mouse, Painted Spiny............ 377
Mouse, Jalapa Brownsay......... 176 |\iiGuse, Pale Mole... 7s... oe ee 167
Mousey Jalapa Field’ Syme)... cee 208 | Mouse, Pallid Pocket .......:.... 366
Mouse, Jalapa Harvest .......... 267 | Mouse, Patzcuaro Harvest........ 271
Mouse, Jalapa House ............ 163 | Mouse, Peninsular Harvest ....... 263
x —_—-
INDEX OF COMMON NAMES,
PAGE.
Mouse, Peroters am... 1. hes «cane 193
Mouse, Platimar Spiny .........0% 377
Mouse, Prices;Pocket,. .... . en 358
Mouse, Puerta Angel ........°. [aia 190
Mouse, Ramona Mole............ 167
Mouse, Related White-footed ..... 184
Mouse, Rio Grande White-footed . 188
Mouse, Rio Sestin Meadow ....... 260
IMotmseINOCKS........ cele 1 eee 208
Mouse, Rowley’s Pine............ 189
Mouse, Rufous Harvest.......... 268
Mouse, Sachem or Chief ......... 203
Mouse, San Clemente Island...... 187
Mouse, San Cristobal Field....... 209
Mouse, Sand-loving ............. Ig!
Mouse, Sand-loving Mole......... 168
Mouse, San Felipe Field ......... 205
Mouse, San Geronimo Island Field. 181
Mouse, San Martin Island........ 183
Mouse, San Pedro Martir Mountains 189
Mouse, San Ouentin .. 0... .. o.aee 200
Mouse, San Quentin Pocket ...... 362
Mouse, San Sebastian Harvest .... 270
Mouse, Short-eared California Pocket
3 bani ohgta ReaRG ayo Onceep aa trRnEEEe cheno, cE 366
Mouse, Short-nosed Pocket....... B55
Mousenony Mieldey ..eu... . .ccumae 197
Mouse, Sinaloa Pocket........... 359
Mouse, Slender Harvest.......... 205
Mouse, Slender-nosed Harvest .... 268
Mouse, Slender-nosed Pocket ..... 358
Mouse, Smallest Spiny........... Bai
Mouse, Sonora Spiny .....2 255. 379
Mouse, Sonora White-footed Field. 1 82
Mouse, Sonoyta Desert........... 198
MIGHEES DOOLEY: «2s wicneacuue ae m0}, 211
Mouse, Spiny Pocket ............ 363
Mouse, Stephens’ Field.....°..... IQI
Mouse, Strange Pocket .......... 361
Moticeysleapal.. . . <s.\- sis <kekmeieirens ts 207
Mouse, Tehuantepec Field ....... 206
Morse mWexan Pield’ (4.4 aeeen es. 186
Mouse, Thomas’ Guerrero Field... 213
Mouse, Thurber’s Field .......... 177
Ueto a iets Ore cc 176
Motse; Tlalpam Field .......:... 196
Mouse, Tlalpam Harvest......... 271
Mouse, Todos Santos ............ 211
Mouse, Todos Santos Harvest .... 269
Mouse, Todos Santos Island ...... 181
Mouse, Torrid Spinyg.. -u then. «.. 376
XxXxix
PAGE.
Mouse, Totontepec Field ......... 208
Mouse, Troublesome............. 193
Mouse, Tropical Mole......... 167, 168
Mouse, Urtapan Spimy 20. 378
Mouse, Valparaiso Harvest ....... 260
Mouse, Vera Cruz Spiny......... 379
Mouse, Volean of Irazu......:... 274
Mouse, Volcan Toluca Harvest ... 266
Mouse, White-footed............. 169
Mouse, White-lipped Harvest..... 269
Mouse, White-spot Deer.......... 178
Mouse, White-tailed ............. 201
Mouse Xometla “steels ee 184
Mouse, Yohaitua shcstsen/ 50.0 77
MousesmVaiea tate | eaceiceee ein ican cae 194
Mouse, Zacatecas Pocket......... 361
Mouse* Zatmoncanec tie. oi eee 202
Mule Armadillo, ... ssn eeets ae 33
Mule (Deegan c oo sacle mates em 76
Mule Deer, California 5 =... ct > ans 77
Mule Deer, Chihuahua..........- 78
Mule: Deer, MBesent, . .y1./c2m ee ees hy |
Mule-eared Mouse... 5.525 eave cn 199
VIG 3 Ne Ne aS See ee ee eee 32
Te rcs oe Yasui nltveney ata telhs SRemehea 79
Musine7Opossuma . ...°. «areas 5
Murine Opossum, Mexican........ 6
MuskeDeer ciapgrrrs + |. aoe 67, 403
MuiskeOxen= tiger. eine are isie ayers 83
Muskrat-caaceiew oan. aes 161, 306, 388
Muskrat VR alenee =o aero eee 308
MusSRta tet cies {cit eae ais onoecnuceenenemercnete 306
Naked-eared Mouse ............. 188
Naked-tailed Pocket Gopher ..... 318
Naked-tailed Rat: <,.. . .\djmys-s + »=ie5 Ey |
Naked-tailed Wood Rats ........ 277
Narrow-headed Pocket Gopher.... 328
Narrow-headed Wood Rat....... 285
Nataygiial :. : Giese... chun cy. <.s.eee 47
Nayantt: Squigtel... j.yaeeins 2 yen 108
Neglected Pocket Gopher ........ 320
Nelsons: Meer! >. ices vamae v3!s ne 75
Nelsons’ Field) Mouse (.eee5...-- 214
Nelsons) Hatin... © -siventsunetn s+ sts.0 sex 412
Nelson’s Pocket Gopher ...... 324, 339
Nelson’s Pocket Mouse........... 364
Nelson’s Spiny Mouses.....0.5.
Nelsen’s-Squirrel: -..c2syeae 1. «+ ate 121
Nelson's WocdeRatwemmeae s. «ca:
Nicaracuan spiny Rater. ... van
xl INDEX OF COMMON NAMES.
PAGE
Nicaragua..Squirrel ......... ee 127
Nimble Kangaroo Rat........... 351
Nine-banded Armadillo .......... 34
Northern Tenasserim ............ 93
Nerway Rat ..ces':.. 28h...) oe 164
Nuttall’s Hare.i03.. 055 0).eee 425
Oak Woods Squirrel............. 118
Oaxaca Field MouSe...:...... a8 206
Oaxaca Harves Mouse .......... 270
Gaxecs Opossum... Sha. . geo. ee &
Uaeaca pauitrel.. . as. . v.20 ee 267
Ochraceous-faced Cotton Rat..... 230
DcotlamiGenuon Ratio. cs. «ence 2209
OcotlaniRuceyRat <2 4en.. - eee 240
Oatod oniteiar « : .:cine aes 6.0 eee 382
Odd-tailed Mouse ............... 202
iosciamiay ae so! gehts ee a eae I
Opossummpailen’s) . 6 5.4.66. .5 Joe 13
Opossum; Alston's, $36... 6... aces 9
Wpassuin;ASIiy to. wees. & yee 6
Wipossum)) Batigis gc... .. st. een 18
Opossum, Earl of Derby’s........ 9
(pascunn, Sober wets). sec Caeees 18
Opossum, Fulvous-bellied ........ 8
Opossinl, (Gare: . . nee: < ; 7
Opossum: Islancdese.). . . aerate. ¢ 17
Opossum, Island of Cozumel ..... 15
Opossum, Lannwame sy... ... A oe IS
Opossum, Maria Madre Island .... 7
Opossum, Mexican Murine........ 6
Goss, Mattitiel ens. isis se 5
possi; Oamacrriss 104 es ken 8
Opossnim, Origabay osc. 23.4)ee 13
Opossum, Pale Woolly........... II
Opossum Rat-tailed) sen. -)ve oe ee 12
Opossum, Richmond’s ........... ry.
Opossum ein alog se. ss) ane © |: 6
Opossummpbabasco.. a... ./.|.. gee. 16
WhoOssuimabexas 6. oy e's Ov aie - 16
Opossummoyy ater Giakiet .a../ssee eds 2
Opassummay ucatamiy: (04:4 See | 14
Omossutiase 5 acct. » eee Ss I
Oposura Harvest Mouse ......... 264
OPrens ayy: . « ¢ s./o nape at by 3 47,50
Ord!s, Rangaroo Rat cae: s24.nt 350
Orizaba Field Mouse............. 207
Origabeiare . 2. geass: vee eys 425
Orizaba Harvest Mouse.......... 266
Orizaba Opossum... f5 Pa 13
Orizaba Pocket Gopher.......... 337
Orizaba Wood Raver. ....a- aaa 286
Ornamented Kangaroo Rat ...... 344
Oso € olmemero ...\eee. . ss 0 ee ay
Ose Real: jin, Vae s aeetel sss oe 29
Otter. . citys. ose ee 6 ee I
OX... . .:.uete Sects sos Pe 38
Ozolotepec Field Mouse.......... 210
PACA... . aces tho eee ic) aoe 403, 408
Paca, Central American ...... 408, 409
Pacific Pockel Mowseree..... scan 355
Pacuare Pocket Gopher... .)....25 330
Painted Spiny Mouse............ 377
Painted Woad@Rat ewe... >see 287
Pale Mole ‘Magse.. .aavmpas: . soo 167
Pale Musk Rati2).. (ae «tee 308
Pale Pocket Gopher (( as si san 340
Pale Rice Ratid) 252.4 ee 238
Pale Woolly Opossum: <2 [ae =o: II
Pallid Pocket Mouse ............ 366
Palmer’s Kanearoo Rates] .ue a. oe 350
Panama, Rat’... 022 dae eae 219
Panama Rice Rats: ase 241
Panama Spiny Rate onsen seen 387
Pangolins ~ dicts ss cis eae eee 19
Patzcuaro Harvest Mouse........ 271
Peccaries. . one « «-: + 2 eee ee 61
Peccary, Armenia. «:\. 5. suiaee ee 63
Peccary, Boquete a... - .:2emee nee 65
Peccary, Dwart 49... . oe ee 62
Peccary, Heavy <2.) une. See 64
Peccary, Savage . >. eee - eee 66
Peccary, Sonora...) .imseee eee 64
Peccary, Texan. ../7a.0e- - See 63
Peccary, White-lipped .......... 65, 66
meccary, Yucatan’... sae. «eee 63
Peninsular Harvest Mouse........ 263
Beerico Lijerd < (s\n se 20
Perote Kangaroo Rat q2........- 344
Perote Mouse -.>. sia. be ee 193
Perote Pocket Gopher ........... 313
Perote Squirrel ..ecamee- . saunas 117
Perote Wood Rat. -mees .. aan. <a 203
PAPTUO . . . os se © 155
werrito del Camp0\.tmtines <aths wn 155
Phillips’ Kangaroo Rat. ...... 343
Pigmy Sperm Whale .......:..-: 46
Piomy Squirrel, Alfaros . aqua. 2" 99
Pigmy Squirrel, Chiriqui......... 100
[2 PIE Ss ie gs ae 61
Pikas
INDEX OF COMMON NAMES.
PAGE
Pilot,or Ca’into@Whale . 0... 058% iste
Pine Mouse, Rowley’s ........... 189
Pine Zone Pocket Gopher........ Bigg
Reranis: Flaine: ..... cis oe 421
Plain-tailed Spermophile....... ee TG?
Plateau Pocket Gopher .......... 336
Platinar Spiny Mouse ........... 377
Pocket Gopher. Blackish......... yas
Pocket Gopher, Boquete ......... 329
Pocket Gopher, Bristled.......... 324
Pocket Gopher, Broad-footed..... 329
Pocket Gopher, Buller’s ......... 320
Pocket Gopher, Cervine.......... 340
Pocket Gopher, Cherrie’s......... 330
Pocket Gopher. Chestnut-faced ... 315
PocketiGopher, Digger .......5-- 324
Pocket Gopher, Flat-headed...... 319
Pocket Gopher, Fulvous ......... 316
Rocket Gopher, Giant... ... case 322
Pocket Gopher, Goldman’s ... .316, 339
Pocket Gopher, Harsh Coated .... 326
Pocket Gopher, Irazu,........ 328
Pocket Gopher, Juarez ..-....::. 338
Pocket Gopher, Las Vigas........ 314
asic Gopher, LOSts),. +. +. aus 338
Pocket Gopher, Merriam’s ....... 313
Pocket Gopher, Mount Iztaccihuatl 314
Pocket Gopher, Naked-tailed ..... 318
Pocket Gopher, Narrow-headed ... 328
Pocket Gopher, Neglected........ 320
Pocket Gopher, Nelson’s ...... 324, 339
Poeket Gopher, Orizaba «.:..55.. Bay
Pocket Gopher, Pacuare......... 330
Pocket (Gopher, Paes... . 2g. ; 340
Pocket Gopher, Perote .......... 313
Pocket Gopher, Pine Zone ....... 332
Pocket Gopher, Plateatl.........°. 336
Pocket Gopher, Reddish Brown... 334
Pocket Gopher, Sand-loving......
Pocket Gopher, San Pedro Martir . 336
Pocket Gopher, Santa Anita...... 335
Pocket Gopher, Sierra Laguna.... 335
Pocket Gopher, Sinaloa .......... 339
Pocket Gopher, Slender-nosed .... 319
Pocket Gopher, Sooty: ieee... + 318
Pocket Gopher, Tatameles........ 338
Pocket Gopher, Tough-skinned.... 319
Pock@t Gopher, Tropical 20. ..... 326
Pocket Gopher, Troublesome ..... 337
Pocket Gopher, Wandering....... shy
Pocket Gopher, White-nosed...... 322
xli
PAGE,
Pocket Gopiters ...9 9.4.4 309, 310, 332
Pocket Gophers, Ancient......... 320
Pocket Gophers, Broad-headed.. . . 316
Pocket-Gophers, Distinct ........ 325
Pocket Gophers, Large Sized ..... 326
Pocket Gophers, Powerful........ 311
Pocket Gophers, Straight-headed . 322
Pocket Gophers, Zvgomata
ophers, Zygomata....... 330
Pocket Mice: ter... eee 341, 352, 368
Pocket Mouse, Anthony’s ........ 366
Pocket Mouse, Bailey’s.......... 361
Pocket Mouse, Baird’s...........
354
Pocket Mouse, Batopilas......... ane
Pocket Mouse, Black-eared....... 356
Pocket Mouse, Broad-nosed ...... 359
Pocket Mouse, Bryant’s ......... 364
Pocket Mouse, Buff-colored ...... 362
Pocket Mouse, Cape St. Lucas .... 363
Pocket Mouse, Eastern Desert .... 359
Pocket Mouse, Goldman’s........ 305
Pocket MousemGray..... oak Wace 367
Pocket Mouse, Great California ... 367
Pocket Mouse, Heller’s .......... 360
Pocket Mouse, Hispidis.; «. hehe 360
Pocket Mouse, Intermediate...... 364
Pooket' Mouse; Jaral. .<5<, 41. i0sn 365
Pocket Mouse, Little Desert ...... 358
Pocket Mouse, Margarita ........ 363
Pocket Mouse, Merriam’s ........ 354
Pocket Mouse, Mexican.......... 355
Pocket Mouse, Nelson’s.......... 364
Pocket Mouse, Pacific. ie... ob: Sine
Pocket Mouse, Pallid acon eaner: 366
Pocket: Mouse, Price's2neeeens oe 358
Pocket Mouse, San Quentin ...... 362
Pocket Mouse, Short-eared Califor-
PIA. Acme eeel oeteke CRM eee 366
Pocket Mouse, Short-nosed....... 355
Pocket Mouse, Sinaloa........... 359
Pocket Mouse, Slender-nosed ..... 358
Pocket Mouse; Spinyiaaee .. .- ae 363
Pocket Mouse, Strange .......... 361
Pocket Mouse, Zacatecas......... 361
ROLeupitl Chsehs)-.0-6eys pea nMeners «ee 397
Peacripinie, MOMITIC wt. 4 ski’. + <~-. as 402
Porcupine, Light-colored......... 401
Porcupine, Mexican Tree......... 401
Porcupine, Prehensile-tailed ...... 402
Porcupine, Rothschild’s Tree ..... 401
Porcupine, Westerman... -. 397, 399
Porcupine, Yucatan Tree ........ 402
xlii INDEX OF COMMON NAMES.
PAGE.
Poscupines;.. . 2s... fae» «oe 396
Porcupines, American.,... ... 22a" 397
Porcupines, Ground .:4....../aam 399
Porcupines, Long-spined ......... 397
Porcupines, Short-spined......... 399
Poreupines, Tree. i>... 2... am 399
ORCISE she's cine. - Sigel se 47,49
Porpoise, Bottle-nosed .........% 56
Porpese, Common: fa: .. st < seen 49
IBOGOISES Iai ms ae, os. Speen, 43,48
Pouched Mammals ...). . .35 . Ake I
Pouehed Wages)... . a... ce eee 89, 308
Pouchedsigats, Spiny f.%.. 55.5555 368
Powerful’ Pocket Gophers ........ 311
Prairice-depeey. 2’. scWinansewin 's)-crn eens 155
Prairie-dog, Arizona............. 154
Prairie-dog, Gunnison’s .......... 156
Prairie-dog, Mexican... ...5- 5.525 156
Prat rie-Ggo ee iis Semis 2 oe T5225
Prehensile-tailed Hutia ..........
391
Prehensile-tailed Porcupine ...... 402
Paces Pocket Mouser... ... aan. 358
Projecting-teeth Squirrel......... gl
LE igoymiCee | Ope (el “shied eeeumitics 5G, De EEEMERA SI 81
REOHe=NOrh dere on «Se iaha) ea ec St
Prong-horn Antelope ........2:.. 81, 82
Prong-horn, Mexican’ ........... 81, 82
Pitepla: Hares. hemes «> Seseeeerens 418
Puerto Angel Mouse............. 190
Querendaro Wood Rat .......... 282
RS DiG chi: is sear area ee einer 409, 411
RabbitwAllens' Jack is s-os ese 434
Rabbit, Batty’s Jackass ......... 433
Rabbit, Beautiful-eared Jack ..... 431
Rabbit, California jack... °.2 4. 437
Rabbit, Desert Jacknis .. ee. 435
Rabbit; Donkey Jackee.:..:ets.. 435
Rabbit, Espirito Santo Island Jack. 438
Rabbit, Gawlard’s Jack ...... 232... 433
Rabbit, Gray Desert Jack........ 436
Rabbit, Lower California Jack .... 438
Rabbit, Merriam’s Jack.......... 432
Rabbit, San Pedro Martir Jack... 439
Rabbit, Wandering Jack......... 434
Rabbit, Western Desert ......... 437
Rabbits ieee. «eee 89, 409, 410, 411
Rab bitsemenckes. 1: . saemre ee 410, 411
Ramona Mole Mouse ....%..:.... 167
Rat cies eee hs. . GEIR en 89, 161
PAGE
Rat, Active Rice. enn: .. oaseee 250
Rat, Active Woodtresse.... seer 282
Rat, Alfarois: Rieeivore..° . slop 242,255
Rat, Allen’si@ottonteer.. .. 2a 224
Rat, Allen's) Wood, S32... . .s.0 297
Rat Allied Kangarogm. ... sta 347
Rat, Allied Spiny. Pane. =... cee 371
Rat, Alpineli@otton er). See 231
Rat, Alston’smwWoody- see... eae 204
Rat; Amoles Cotton Saemeee .. . 5 > 2a
Rat, Apazoteyme .\. aaa oe 221
Rat, Arizona Ceiton sae... . ee 228
Rat, Aztec Rite c:. .: ae a. «oe 245
Rat, Bailey's(Cotton artes. oe 226
Rat, Berlandier’s' Cotten... 2. .% 228
Rat, Black ve: See cee 164
Rat, Black-eared‘Cottoni-aee. o. 232
Rat, Black-eared Rice .......:..- 243
Rat, Black-nosed Kangaroo ...... 348
fat, Black Rice... <5. eee 250
mat, Black Spiny’... 5... abe ewe 370
Rat, Black-tailed Kangaroo ...... 348
Rat, Black-tailed Wood ....-.... 284
nat; Bogava (Rice i eke eee 245
at, Bogava Spiny... . {onc eemee 387
Rat, Boqueroni@otton ©. 2 ian 225
Rat, Boquete Spiny .....:..2see-= 372
kat, Boquete Vesper... . .- ae 216
Rat, Borucay Cottotue ne. > eee 224
Rat, Broad-nosed Rice .......... 243
eat, Brown.....0 . oie eee 161, 165
Rat; Buller’s Rice. . >. ope aaes- oe 239
kat, Buller’s Spimy® <3 2igeee-.. see 379
et, Ceiba Cotton: 2257 maea:... ae 225
Rat, Cerros Island) Wood ........ 280
Rat, Chapman’s Kangaroo ....... 350
fee, Chapman’s Rice. gee. + sore 238
Reru, | Cheatina Wocdseesrs- ieee 295
ee, Cherrie’s Rice...2 eee. an 253
iat Chichen [tzar Rice. . cet 236
au Coban Spiny eee - «eres 372
fees, Collared Wood: Sime... 40s 279
Reve Collector WoOOde.meie: ..cee os 280
Meta OUeS Rice)... aie: . ccna 236
Rat, Cozumel Island Rice ........ 241
Meru, Weceitful Rice {vae... i 2ee.- 246
mas, Desert Kangaroo... 3.s.0 055s 345
Rat, Doubtful Kangaroo......... 346
met, Durango Wood .gin..«.0e6s 285
Rat, Dusky-footed Wood......... 279
MeageOusky Kangaroo... ... eee
INDEX OF COMMON NAMES.
PAGE.
Rat! General Rice...) . .eee 249
Rat, Escondido River Rice....... 248
met, Faded Wesper «ou. 0s «ieee 216
Rat, Fulvous-bellied Cotton ...... 232
Rat, Fulvous-bellied Wood....... 289
Rai, Pulyous Rice. ..5.,...8 247, 248
Rat, Gaumer’s Spiny \.....-/.48me 371
Rac. GiidimieiSpiny 05.06 +c auc 384
PVA MCOMMTEETS.. ...° alte... see 288
Rat, Goldman's Rice... ... scans « 246
Rai, Goleman’s Spiny’... .'. ./ mae. 373
Rat, Gray-faced Wood .......... 207
Rat Gray opiny: ace .. cae e 373
Rat, Guatemalan Rice........... 241
Rat, Handsome Kangaroo........ 345
Fc AOC “Spiny, we ss cave ee + S71
Pete ple USE os cs oc sto, oe 90s 222
Rat dsclated Beice,. 0... 2 .ieeeias 254
Rat lebumuan Wood... .. de puees 287
Rag aleypas ISICe 64 3s 05 hee 246
Ream ommeatca IRICEN. (in «0a 247
ee Gila, VWOOG). «5: .J0 50 5 eee 288
Rat. ila: Parada Spiny)... 0:70. 309
vartrmlbano'e. © OtibO ils... aie vas aver teee 228
Rat, Large-eared Wood.......... 279
vailbeastiGoutOtes.. . . . ae 230
etteWOnely RIG: s.:..: . .. «aces: 244
Rat lwone-hained (Rice. . ane. . 245
Rat lon c-tailedktce sy aeesey ener. 238
Rat, Long-tailed Spiny .......... 372
Rat, Lower California Rice....... 236
Rat, Lower California Wood ..... 283
Rat, Maria Madre Island Rice .... 235
Rac Miamsin RACGi aes acer. 237
Rateviasecota COulOnm seein. - 22
Rat, Merriam’s Kangaroo ........ 346
Ieee. Wlessalcehal MACE! nie bo oe howe 282
valte Vietumbalia: WWiOOC weenie 204
Rate Nite Rancitano: VWioOdeumie. || . 200
RataNaked tailed... cs\semreier . = - ay
Rat, Narrow-headed Wood....... 285
ae Nielson’s\WOodi ts aemire.. 292
Rat. Nicaracuan Spinyeneeiee. . 387
Rat) Nimble Kangaroo).s...:.... Bint
RaieeNOrwaly: .. .\« <4 po aReeeeRes 3 164
Rat, Ochraceous-faced Cotton .... 230
Rat Ocotlan Cottoneaeeaeetrae)..- 220
Ram Ocotlam Rice eee - 240
Rai Ord seNanCArOOmemebimee: -. - 350
LaGaO nizalod) VV OOC2 a) aan... 286
Rat, Ornamented Kangaroo...... 344
xiii
PAGE.
Rat, Paintede Woodie. 1s ee 287
Rat, PaleRiee: ... 2.0 0h see 238
Rat, Palmer’s Kangaroo ......... 350
Rat, Panaina) . 5 .4he cs eae 219
Rat; Panama, Ricae.. - eee: 241
Rat, Panatia Spiny .i ccs. oes 387
Rat, Perote Kangaroo ........... 344
Rat, Perote Woods. «. sees hus. o - 293
Rat, Phillips’ Kangaroo ......... 343
Rat, Querendaro Wood .......... 282
Rat, RnOACSsaVICOCheaeni nan ee 284
Rat, Raious Rice eee a) ame vate 239
Rat, Rusty Woods 2.0:>.eaene 280
Rat, Salyin's Spiny a... .. jeg 370
Rat, San Felipe Desert........... 286
Rat, San Miguel Spiny .......... 388
Rat, Santa Maria Volcano Rice... 245
Rat, shuimimonicell ss... ek ae 240
Rat Short-spimed..s 14. /iees de ene 385
Rat,.Short-tailed Spiny ....2..... 373
Rat, StnaloavWood..:+ 24.2.0 5.c0s 283
Rat, Slender-tailed Wood ........ 286
Rat, smallefooted Wood ........: 281
IRelip. poxaneell |RGehaiterhdoYoy, Ay Ug cimoen = 6 346
Rat, Small-toothed Cotton ....... 226
Rat, spotted Spiny ... 0... sokaee 374
Ratyot. Luciageice |... snag 251
Rat, Striped-tace Rice:.......... 237
Rat, ob. Vincent Rice = ss. alee ce 244
Rat SUcthewNicem ny wire cies es 254
Rat, Sumichrast’s Vesper........ 216
Rat. diaibas cane ice tay resem a 237
Rat. Dalamancaktcen. scares sect 241
Rat, Teapa.Cottom arenes. aon 225
Rat; Teapa Rice autem: + eddie
Rat, Texoloy Wood a2see 2 actos 278
Rat, Tiburon Island Kangaroo ... 344
Rat, Todos Santos Island Wood... 284
[Rehr and Molhtate (Clopmropah we 5 od ete Co AZ
Iveite deonalanC Ottomans. isk 229
Ieee heed Menabileskel Sale ogo o eee ote 242
Inst, . ropieal W odcigwes +. -:-0. - tee 288
bene Mbbbaall oN ¢ Brats wo, cio ERM 218
Rat, Tumbala Rice ..... Rin'st seen 239
eariewel TKAS; . 2s, Fapiclele te: hen oe avons 221
1 zye., Abarat cose ae ee 219
Rat, Volcan de Chiriqui Cotton ... 231
Rat, Wandering Ricelwie......-- 243
Rat, Watson's... «aikmmie's *' «/ ens 219
Rat, Western Desert Cotton...... 227
Rat, White-bellied Rice..........
xliv INDEX OF COMMON NAMES.
PAGE
Rat, White-eared Cotton......... 230
Rat, White-throated Wood....... 285
Rat, White-toothed Wood ....... 281
Ree WV O00. 1 vic: «amen e 9 ee 275
Rat, Zacatecas:Wood..«...... aa 290
REST. 130% |p: 5 toh gust asteae | 6, Bet >.<" 162
RESTS AGUATIC «..1c cia .cce> +) one 89
Rate Arbergal ..(. pee ss +e. s oe 388
NRG OEEOD.S << 5 sete eke, «| suena trees 89, 222
Rats, Five-toed Kangaroo ....... 349
Rats, Four-toed Kangaroo....... 341
Rats pEUEMoesnOS. 4.7 hsb. seae 382
Rats heipeing «Aon dels «<b uleone 306
Rats) Wancaroo sas. 2A0, 341,349, 352
Rats, Naked-tailed Wood ........ 297
Rats, Pouched) 2). \./.ea.: : 89, 308, 309
JR2EY Sees SSeS; S, ee 89, 232, 233
ats, Spmy Bt. -.o hese 382, 384, 385
Rats, Spm yerouched: 240i... i, <5 368
Rats. Trewin. «cys eee eu eho 382
Rats; VESperssccmtcberr sts ah fs seme 214
RAS, WOOG. |.</ dimer aie mes): nae 275,276
Rat-tailed) Opossum s.. «34. . 2a. 12
RAVAGE =DACIES Gute ars fe eue) aie bss )s" 3: oe 42
Reddish Brown Pocket Gopher ... 334
Reddish Meadow Vole........... 302
Red Mouse, Bangs’)... ... s.25 4). 275
PREG SQ ULTEL oh <)eeerae > >'> sea ee ls 132
ed Squirrele: yo ianebes «.- v./onng ce 132
Related White-footed Mouse...... 184
BEMINOGERGSs..ircutaa sie Sime ciahs ores 60
RihoadtsswWiood eater lie teen 284
Bice Waste. ACtIVEs och) sv) sa Sans 250
miceRat, Alfaro's. of. )<nu 058 242% 2565
Rice Ret Aetec oon. evids se eee 245
Rice, Rat, Black... yo Gee. ee 250
Rice Rat, Black-eared ........ a%. 243
Rice Rat Bopava wieksksosice ee 245
Rice Rat, Broad-nosed .......... 243
RicesRat, dealer's; ccc) > eee 239
Rice Rat. |@hapman's: s,s eee 238
Rice (Rat Wherrie’s: sic 5s... 4 eae - 253
Rice Rat, EmehenwWtza) 2.4) eae 236
Rice /Rati@Gues cs csacernin. .aees: 236
Rice Rat, Cozumel Island........ 241
Rice Rat, Deceitiulis. acn:. asees 246
Rice Rat, bliGeneral. 3.0... nek 249
Rice Rat, Escondido River....... 248
Rice Rat Sr akvous: /..)eee eso ss 247, 248
Rice RatwGpldman’s2 425. cee 246
Rice RatGuatemalan acs c ee 241
PAGE.
Rice Rat, Isolated. Shey... . Sein 254
Rice Rat, Jalapasc eee: - > spans 246
Rice Rat, jamateas ster... + scat 247
Rice Rat, Wenely-:) seme « «sree 244
Rice Rat, Long-haired........... 245
Rice Rat, Long-tatledeer .:. Seen 238
Rice Rat, Lower California....... 230
Rice Rat, Maria Madre Island .... 235
Rice Rat, Marsha: eet = 5/3) oete 237.
Rice Rat, Ocotlan: < saapee..- oae 240
Rice) Rat, Paleve.... =. ae. ee 238
Rice’ Rat, Pangamia. <2 eee. oe 241
Rice Rat, Rafoms.. :/ vem.) - oe 230
Rice Rat, Santa Maria Volcano... 245
Rice Rat, Shimmer. eee eae 240
Rice Rat, St. Duieia. ote ss: 2 251
Rice Rat, Striped-face ........... 237
Rice, Rat; St) Vincent) ae] eee 244
Rice Rat; Suenre:.+. eee 254
Inice Rat, Labascan i: = ae eee 237
Race Rat, Talamancax <:eeeeree 241
mice Rat, Teapa.....\..+- aeped 244, 247
Race Rat, Tonia) aoe eee 242
Ieice Rat, Tumbala) i. 3 eee 239
Rice Rat, Wandering. ........... 243
Rice Rat, White-bellied .... cc... 236
mace Rats .. ees noe 89, 232, 233
Ikichmond’s Opossum, ... . 5. ems 17
iehmond’s Squirrel 4... ges 105
ight, Whale, Aretie:s,.. .Js.qsnee 39
Ring-tailed Spermophile ......... 151
Rio Grande White-footed Mouse .. 188
Rio Managua Squirrel ........... 129
Rio Sestin Meadow Mouse ....... 260
Rock Mouse ..\:. saaew ote tee 208
Rack Spermophilex.. i ene. <. 142,150
agent .......:. <2 Aran eee eee 403
ROGen tS, . ..'sn eee 89, 159, 403, 410
Redents, American ....5)..... 58, 133
Gecdals «.... 0.6: See eer 42
eounschild’s Deer. 4g. yee a 72
Rothschild’s Tree Porcupine...... 401
Round-tailed Spermophile ....... 144
Iowley’s Pine Mouse. ...........- 189
Iuatan Island Agouti ........... 405
Rufous Harvest Mouse........... 268
Hous Rice Rat ... &.... samen 239
Pent .... Ld a ee ee 403
Ruminants, Hollow-hosned ..... 67, 83
Ruminants, Solid-horned ........ 67
Heeesoants, True ..)..)......5nee 67
il
INDEX OF COMMON NAMES. xlv
PAGE
ING SSG Rare gem... «sis: cand ar omhe eee 420
iusty Wooderat ...:.tiss<.semer 280
Sachem or Chief Mouse .......... 203
Saddle-back Anteater ........... 28
Balvin's Spiny. Rat ..).0es.). seme 370
San Clemente Island Mouse ...... 187
San Cristobal Field Mouse ....... 209
San Diegoublare ... ides... se Hee 422
Sand-loving Mole Mouse ......... 168
Sand-loving Mouse.............. IQI
Sand-loving Pocket Gopher....... 310
San Felipe Desert Rat........... 286
San Felipe Field Mouse.......... 205
San Geronimo Island Field Mouse. 181
San Martin Island Mouse......... 183
San Miguel Spiny Rat ........... 388
San Pedro Martir Jack Rabbit.... 439
San Pedro Martir Mountains Mouse 189
San Pedro artir Pocket Gopher . 336
pan Quentin Mouse........./.58. 200
San Quentin Pocket Mouse....... 362
San Sebastian Harvest Mouse..... 270
Santa Anita Pocket Gopher ...... 335
Santa Maria Volcano Rice Rat ... 245
Dano Ss rocket a. i)... ... Jee 80
aie Pecentny is 5/...: . . +. damage 66
Scammon’s Black-fish ........... 54
Sea-cow:, oteller’S.. <i aecgaeseens « eG
Sc EL On eS 1 ea 50
IGE EMS 4595 of taecict sl cle tes ES 48
Deas RAT. ska ao Sod... | ae 50
Sharp-toothed Dolphin ......... 57,58
SLE) Oe, eet nemernees i am 60, 83
Seep Mountain, Sey. caer « = 83
phiniwmeminice Rat’ ...0' 0 sede - 240
Short-eared California Pocket Mouse
MFR oe hy “a cet eh duane aeuey ee metaReaNs, 366
Short-finned Black-fish .......... 53
Short-nosed Pocket Mouse ....... 355
Short-spined Porcupines ......... 399
Short-spined Rat. .-mrs sien. - 385
ShontatatledpELatia: eee - 393
Short-tailed Spiny Rati... .07 2...’ 373
Shy Picld Mouse. ..22.1ss)aews acs: 197
Sierra Laguna Pocket Gopher..... 335
Sierra Madre Spermophile........ 147
Sinama, Opossum’ 27: eerie. 6. 6
Sinaloa Pocket Gophermemne...:.. « 339
Sinaloa Pocket Mouse ........... 359
Sinaloa Squirrel . Beene eee eee 122
A
PAGE
Sinaloa White-tailed Deer........ 78
Sinaloa Widod: Ratiean. «un. sane 283
Sirenians Soh; . signs): selene 36
siunks, Sponted sais... seumeeeeren 341
Slender Harvest Mouse .......... 265
Slender-no ed Harvest Mouse .... 268
Slender-nosed Pocket Gopher.... . 319
Slender-nosed Pocket Mouse ..... 358
Slender-tailed Wood Rat ........ 286
Sloth, Chestnut-headed .......... 22
Sloth, Disskey free aa ses cae 24
Sloth; Hoftimanns ages. er eee 20, 21
Sloths cca cs: ee 1g
Small-eared Mouse, Jalisco ....... 179
Smallest Spiny Mouse........... EG]
Small-faated Hare... 24... dee 436
Small Kamearoo Rat.....4.2.... 346
Small-spotted Spermophile ...... 146
Small-toothed Cotton Rat ....... 226
Small-toothed Spermophile....... 146
Solid-horned Ruminants......... 67
Sonora Peceatgne.: kts ns eke 64
Sonoran BEAMewE: scion & oes Sate 159, 161
Sonora Spermophile ............. 144
Sonora Spiny Mouse .. 2.2 .seen 379
Sonora White-footed Field Mouse . 182
Sonoyta DesertMouse. 23... same 198
Sooty. Mousey ot sales eee ee 176, 211
Sooty Pocket Gophers. 4: s-e ee 318
Spermophile, Black-headed....... 150
Spermophile, Bushy-tailed........ 149
Spermophile, Fisher’s............ I50
Spermophile, Goldman’s......... isi
Spermophile, Harris’s ........... I4I
Spermophile, Long-tailed ........ 149
Spermophile, Lower California .... 143
Spermophile, Mexican 2s .... /02n: 146
Spertiophile, Perote tien... «lane 145
Spermophile, Plain-tailed......... 152
Spermophile, Ring-tailed......... I51
Spermophile, Rock iaia.s.....- 142,150
Spermophile, Round-tailed ....... 144
Spermophile, Sierra Madre ....... 147
Spermophile, Small-spotted ...... 146
Spermophile, Small-toothed ...... 146
Spermophile, Sonoran............ 144
Spermophile, Spotted............ 145
Spermophile, Tradergn. ......s<a 143
Spermophile, White-tailed ....... 142
Spermophiles:. ... ..7ian .. - o 138
xlvi
PAGE.
Sperm Whale “2: 0. ceeee. .' 43,44, 45
Sperm Whale, Pigmy............ 46
Boer Whales... 0.'...22e.« 4 38, 43, 44
Spiny Mouse, Allen’s 2. 20.4... sam 376
Spiny Mouse, Catemaco.......... 380
spiny Mouse,iCurly. wads... Ane 380
Spiny Mouse, Dark-tailed ........ 379
spiny Mouse, Duskys. >i... 0... ce 379
Spiny Mouse, Gray'sic. os 2. .et eee 375
Spinyenmese, OAT y y. 3. <yuleee on 375
Spiny Mouse, Honduras ......... 381
Spiny Mouse, Huehuetan ........ 380
Spiny Mouse, Isthmian ........ 378
Spiny Mouse, Witmek. cn... ..¢s 5: 377
Spiny Mouse, Ditteral.. (6). .... 2. 381
Spiny Mouse, Long-nosed ........ 378
Spiny Mouse’ Nelson’s........... 382
Spiny Mousé, Painted............ 377
spiny Ma@pst, Platitiar Sy.... 2.2%). 377
Spiny Mouse, Smallest........... 379
Spiny Mouse, Sonora ............ 379
spiuay Mouse “loriide cs. ..\ see 376
Spiny Mouse, Uruapan .......... 378
Spiny Mouse, Vera Cruz.......... 379
Spimy rocket Mauna o 2. sii. cise) 363
spimy Pouched iRatss... -:. oes. 368
ppiny Rat, AlWedie te... cae 371
maple mot Waele mumeelan. i! pe tsneie ls 370
epiny Rat; Bogavagmn.|.. i. os. 65 387
spiny Rat, Boquetes.......4 8 372
spiny: Mat, \Bullers fa) i052) os 370
Spiny tage, COpams stag. \h a wees: S72
mpinvarst, Gaumer So: Akoya. 371
Spiny Wat, Gliding: 7.2. hae 382
Spiny Mat Gray souls: . iwc ae 373
spiny Rat, Goldman's... 3)". eos 373
Spiny Rady daispid i... 4%. ola wall 371
Spiny Rati tea :Paradar i. ).)s seer 309
Spiny Rat, Long-tailed .......... 372
Spiny Rat, Nicaraguan .......... 387
Spiny: mat eamadina ‘tit 7.) 2 Lares, 387
Spiny Rataceivin's Je lhl. 370
Spiny Rat, San Miguel .......... 388
spiny Rat, Short-tailed 3... Waa. 373
Spiny Rat opottediensi: | deen 373
Syoyialyiead aeoN IS, ygiie. Joe | Sok ae 382, 384, 385
Spotted Awetame. soos crake eee 405
Spotted ‘Simms 2... vig oe 341
Spotted Spermophile ............ 145
mpotted Spimy Rat 1. cians 272
SMITE] erases | + « wnt: eee 89
INDEX OF COMMON NAMES.
Squirrel, Acapulco. tar... . es eee 124
Squirrel, Alfaro’s Pigmy ......... 99
Squirrel} Alfen‘s \:\./[2eaee. . . aga 108
Squirrel, Apache:)) arr. - - cae I10
Squitrel, Apazotes.. mrammi > sce 102
Squirrel, Arizona Gray .>........ 109
Squirrel, Banded-backe.......c26 127
Squirrel, Black-backed .......... 107
Sgtuirrel, Brown's. ..°. igre.» Sane 100
Squirrel, California Gray ......... 130
squirrel, Chiapas... </maeee .< one 125
Satisrel, Chirigut.. cee os. 104
squirrel, Chiriqui Pisuiyay.. 2. 22. 100
pacirrel, Colimarae:. ..aeeeeeee ee 120
Squirrel, Colima Mountain........ 119
squirrel, Collie's. Sipe, oe 121
Squirre] (Common, of Europe).... 132
saairrel, Deppe's |. 2. 2 meee ae IOI
Squirrel, Durango... 222) eee II2
Squirrel, Escondido River........ 128
sguirrel, Fire-bellied ....:..00ea- 116
Squirrel, Golden-bellied .......... II5
squirrel, Goldman’s ...4. 5 eee 130
squirrel, Grays Black? iene 128
squirrel, Guatemala...) 0.5 .esen 124
squirrel, Guerrero... ...°.': oe 120
Squirrel, Hofimannis ..:... Geese 104
squirrel, Honduras... .. eee 128
pouimne!, Huachticatan., eee 109
suarel, Lion Hallie... eee 105
eaquirrel, Little Gray. i) thee. oe 102
Squirrel, Manzanillo’......2...-: x: 122
Squirrel, Mearns*+: csp ee 133
Squirrel, Michoacan ............. 118
squirrel, Mountains. ace. - oe 121
Squitrel, Nayarit. $y 2.4. sees. «en 108
Semurel, Nelson’s «. «tures Lae 121
mogerrel, Nicarafua .vscannes Ysee 127
Squirrel, Oak Woods. ).2. 5.5.2.8 118
maerel, Oaxaca’... Asimep eins ian 117
seumrel, Perote "... awe aes es
Squirrel, Projecting-teeth ........ or
pemerere!, Red , . ...s..4 sas «= seeds 132
se@atrel, Richmond’sy.ty.....20.. 105
Squirrel, Rio Managua........... 129
Bamirrel, Sinaloa: .. . 8)... wanes 122
Samatel, Swarthy .:.4e.. . oes 126
squirrel, Tehuantepec’........... 123
waaurrel, Texas Fox ....5:..0aune IIo
Smarrel, Thomas’ ..... Je. «ogee 126
Sameera, Loluca ... 6 .. see 107
‘
INDEX OF COMMON NAMES,
PAGE
PS 10h lye tay ad Reg gg 123
Squirrel, Variegated... 06.0 ve Os 120
merrell, Yucatan .|, , 2). .aaeeine 125
ICHEMES Ss ewer ave 552i ence ented aoe 89, 90, 93
mgiitrels, Atnerican 0's... sees 03
Squirrels, American Ground ...... 134
POUInrelS mm ligIne . .. Suces.> «eee 89
pqmirrels Gray .....1d5. 5.06mi ee 93
SgurcelswGround .... 2...) “meee 89, 90
CUueeTGle Red :.... << sums » so 132
mgitirrels, Tree ..i,a.. <: 90, 92, 93, 133
Steller's Sea-Cow ..5.....« se sin gO
Stephen’s Field Mouse........... TOI
muluyeia Rice Rata! \. 0 samme: 251
Straight-headed Pocket Gophers .. 322
Strange Pocket Mouse........... 361
Striped-face Rice Rat .........5. 237
Duemvuincent Rice Nat... sere 244
Suetme mice at. ip)... vi amen 254
Sumichrast’s Vesper Rat ........ 216
SWE IADe, sss sw es se 415
Swamp Hare, Attwater’s ........ 414
prop: Hare: True’s .... 6. eh ek 415
Smeicklby SQUItTel orate ak's ca wlohe 126
BAIIRE VEN (ch tis gi eeada ire a: 2+ -s chen, 60
Micensean Rice Nat. ....'.'s .aninee: 237
ianasca Oporstim «0. % .. sees. 16
Ralaimencawkiee Rat. ..... eee. - 241
SPS ese TENS) sys -!5 ee 87
Alecia itaw D) OWS3 5 seuss cise ol coeucesueeeme 88
(IDEs ov 1) Se Soe Phe pre eS, 60, 86, 87
Tatameles Pocket Gopher........ 338
TeapatGetton, Rates... (sneer. -- 225
iheapa Moise ...dn yess Aes * 207
Heapawkice Ratys sweat eee 244,247
Tehuantepec Field Mouse........ 206
Tebuantepee Hare . 2... (ins <.- 418
debuantepec Squirrel. ...0. 00... 123
UCTS ES, SE eh see is Mee fc os 2 2
Venacsernme Northenuie acne: - 93
Tamatnalt Rage as. Uae hams nia ots. 86
dessert) BG te i...2)\s sesue ce venepa iene ceeds 70
Dexan Fields Mouses aes. cee... «. 186
Wexan) Peccary.x. cv. aetna se cl 63
Mexac Poxgoq utes. saeeneser) TIO
TexaciOpossumiran 4. cick cial: 16
ALEXOVO) WV OOCwinditers scmiyeint tice. - 278
Miomas WDWeet | akin cst. 74
Thomas’ Guerrero Field Mouse ... 213
Biomass Squire ges ities s - 126
xlvii
PAGE,
Three-toed Anteater ..........5 27,28
Thurber’s Field Mouse........... 177
Tiburon Island Kangaroo Rat .... 344
Tiny Mougegt....canars + stat ent 176
Tlacuazemade Agua... Oe ice.» 3
Tlacuamm Raton. \ Gaye 5
Tlalpam /Field Mouse .....%.,..... 196
Tlalpam Harvest Mouse ......... 27%
Todos Santos Harvest Mouse ..... 269
Todos Santos Island Mouse ...... 181
Todos Santos Island Wood Rat... 284
Todos Santos Mouses,....22 8.9. . 211
Toltec: Cotton, Rat: Siem igs s- Pune 226
Toluca,Sqtimrel -uaaetee +S ae 107
TonalaiCorton ater wees)... eee 229
TonilawiRvcemRarte sires, ... 01s 242
Toothedi@etacea:.. 2...) 5... seems 43
Torrid Spiny Mouse. .2).....2. «ear 376
Totontepec Field Mouse ......... 208
Tough-skinned Pocket Gopher .... 319
Trader Spermophile ... 5.9m. 143
Tree Porcupine, Mexican ........ 401
Tree Porcupine, Rothschild’s ..... gor
Tree Porcupine, Yucatan ........ 402
EreereOrcupinlesn ys. «a is)= sea chsen es 399
TREGMINACS) «)jrcdeetrls sieves, sl ete oe 382
Tree ssquicrelstys. a6 cee Clo, Oe}, sh, 1s
Tropical. MolemMotses ss 3. 1. 167, 168
Tropical Pocket Gopher 205 wana 326
TropicalWWoode Rates ori) ser 288
Troublesomes Mouser ses snc 193
Troublesome Pocket Gopher ..... 337
ADiqbhey Ane bbeathashanGy anno ay co one made 67
True‘ssbDeer 2.) factaienur iret 73
ALatie*s | Squirrel (fic /.c-cketees eeeeree 18
Mruelsiswanip Hare aeee. . . see 415
MrnresUnicwlaces!, eases ol eee 60
CONTI TG ies. PAOMMORE edi. 6g END 220), 3u2
Mboian oy eit yg clo cs woome tow 6s 218
sumo uila) RAC t errr. 3) sierenee 239
innlca's: Broclkeet, -\.veaeeeens = forebears 80
Mitnileas: Rare ves cicse eres, 9 os sanepits 221
GTciectil a, Rates O Socronke tates sc. eae 219
iewoOstOOumeG: Winale: pars: « - meter 47
Two-toothed Whales............ 47
Winelates: .!...... ice: games = aos 60, 61
Unealates, Drie iiss 60
Uruapan Spiny Mouse . 378
WiaGGa Ge wAlouia, aneens 6 +. sen 307
Valparaiso Harvest Mouse ....... 260
xviii INDEX OF COMMON NAMES.
PAGE
Variegated Squirrel .......-. 0am 129
Ce I mies! CNG 70
Wera Cruz ddare oir. «een 420
Vera Cruz Spiny Mouse.......... 379
Vesper Rat, Boqtete ..........sh 216
Vesper Rat, Faded:....25..... 098 216
Vesper Rat, Sumichrast’s ........ 216
Vesper Rats/.:.«.. SGeet eee... oe 214
Volcan de Chiriqui Cotton Rat ... 231
Volcan of Irazu Mouse .......... 274
Volcan Toluca Harvest Mouse .... 266
Vole, Coues”Meadow’............ 303
Vole; Dark Meadow’............. 302
Vole, Fulvous-bellied Meadow .... 301
Vole, Guatemalan Meadow ....... 306
Vole, Mexican Meadow .......... 301
Vole, Mount Zempoaltepec Meadow 305
Vole, Reddish Meadow .......... 302
Woles! 2 oR ax 5 see ere as 162, 298
Wialris) 3. Rs ot ldecaineees eka ame 36
Wandering Jack Rabbit ......... 434
Wandering Pocket Gopher....... 337
Wandering Rice Rat............ 243
Ville ata Re ORS Aa 67
WBETE res tina regen » apr ki sts 66
Wasninoton Rare: s.c'- 5... 7 aus > 410
Waker Oposstim: ..aaitie ss. cnee. 3
WiatSon: cimatu 4 eae ss, a\0 sees 219
Western Desert Cotton Rat ...... 227
Western Desert Rabbit .......... 437
Western: Porcupine .2......¢ she. 397
Wiialevearetic Right 5 s/.5 + steer ae 39
Woalebone Whale’. 5.2 )a.cateues 43
Whalebone Whales ......... 38, 43, 49
Wihale; Baleen :. 2... ats eee oe 40
WWinate; Gaomalot ...:. 5. (omen ae 45
Wihale’ (Caiinions: : . sda dorcte ieee teen 47
Whale, Common Killer .......... 51
WY nae: Opes... Fin vice aac ene 42
Wihales Damidson’s. ...5....0 6 eee 2
Wihalesshioivgima <. ) vas «2 eee 41
Web Rrra iss. isin » dee eae Sere 40
Whale, Greenland .............. 43
Whale, Hump-backed ........... 41
IW hele ene ..: Seca e Wiel waned as 50
Whale, Large-toothed Killer ..... 51
Whale, Pigmy Sperm ........... 46
Whale, Pilot or Ca’ing........... 53
Whale; Sperm’... . . venture 43,44, 45
Whale, Two-toothed ............ 47
PAGE
Whale, Whalebone............. 43,49
Whale, Yellow-bellied .......... 38, 43
Whalegg. ..35 eco. care eaeains. » ree 38
Whales, Baleen. ./taaess ) + aeas 38, 39
Whales, FinbacksAn gen. sneer 42
Whales, Killer........... 40, 47, 50, 51
Whales, Spetm.... Sikes... 38, 43, 44
Whales, Two-toothed............ 47
Whales, Whalebone ......°..... 38, 43
White-banded Hutia ............ 394
White-bellied Rice Rat.......... 236
White-eared Cotton Rat...:....; 230
White-footed Field Mouse, Sonora 182
White-footed Mouse ............. 169
White-footed Mouse, Desert ...... 188
White-footed Mouse, Related..... 184
White-footed Mouse, Rio Grande . 188
White-lipped Harvest Mouse ..... 2609
White-lipped Peccary .......... 65, 66
White-nosed Pocket Gopher...... 322
White-spot Deer Mouse.......... 178
White-tailed Deer .........05-.. 68
White-tailed Deer, Sinaloa ....... 78
White-tailed Mouse. ............ 201
White-tailed Spermophile ........ 142
White-throated Wood Rat ....... 285
White-toothed Wood Rat........ 281
moodchucks, 5 c0g:s)irxs)a's/<, « Shee go
Wood Hare, Bachman’s ......... 429
Mod Rat... ssuienies cs weer 275
MViood: Rat, Actives... .«ceeeieer 282
Wiiood, Rat, Allentc# oe) aeee ene 297
Wicod Rat, Alston st meee ae 204
Wood Rat, Black-tailed ......... 284
Wood Rat, Ceros Islands: ... 280
Waoed Rat, Cheatimg .. o4-.54.. 7% 295
Wood Rat, Collared,.....: tines soe 279
Niigod Rat, Collector os eames se 280
Wied Rat, Durango «..9ie5 1.008 285
Wood Rat, Dusky-footed ........ 279
Wood Rat, Fulvous-bellied ...... 289
Wood Rat, Gray-faced .......... 207
NWiood Rat, Isthnuiantssee. . ee 287
Wroodwinat, Jiiquslaeawreron:..«cntene 288
Wood Rat, Large-eared ......... 279
Wood Rat, Lower California ..... 283
Wood Bat, Mexican 0% 5 Pan's 282
Wood Rat, Mountain ,..2fr...... 204
Wood Rat, Mount Tancitaro..... 290
Wood Rat, Narrow-headed ...... 285
Wood) Rat, Nelson's ...27..)..0.ne 292
y
f
INDEX OF COMMON NAMES.) xlix
PAGE, PAGE.
Wood Rat Ongaba .i..... nee moo.|| Sometla| Mouse i.......)....nom 184
WiGod Rat weaned... a... nee 287
NVOOC) UNevtrm@erOtel icc cio teens Some) Lapock: awa. .'s cgi care ees 3
Wood Rat, Querendaro.......... 282 | Yellow-bellied Whale........... 38, 43
\Wiokoxal tenn, IntloWor-veliy ehh poo oc oe gen | Yohaltun Mouseig. «tamper nec: 177
MWrood: RataRusty (0% 0, sues mec | Yucatan Deerweeien ina ene ues + 3 74
WVOOG) INaltne sine Oa) i. erannneniee 283 | Yucatan Eaten. casi... os 419
Wood Rat, Slender-tailed ........ 226) | Yucatan) Moticemmensnnset cperie «(cs 104
Wood Rat, Small-footed ....1.... a6t | Yucatan Opossititirhyay 4 va ss os 14
Wood Rat, Texolo ..4:; ..: Agee» a78. | Yucatan Peccaty. wem. wilde a> 63
Wood Rat, Todos Santos Island .. 284 | Yucatan Squirrel ............... 125
Wooden, Tropicale. \.. Sameeaw. 288 | Yucatan Tree Porcupine......... 402
Wood Rat, White-throated ...... 285
Wood Rat, White-toothed ....... 281 | Zacatecas Pocket Mouse ......... 361
Wood) Rat,.Zacatecas ......./aiame 290 | Zacatecas, Wood ‘Rate ...... ia 290
WiOUCIBECAIGS Js. c\oqun tes u 0 } Gather By 27O. || CAMOray OMS. cieRe «<5 apie 202
Wood Rats, Naked-tailed ........ Bey | LOPOe Oe ca toate hse s,s tes contre 3
Woolly Opossum, Pale .......... 10 | Zygomata Pocket Gophers....... 330
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