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THE   LAST   COLONEL 

OF 

THE  IRISH  BRIGADE 


THE  LAST  COLOI^EL 


THE   IRISH   BRIGADE 

COUNT   O'CONNELL 

AND 

OLD  IRISH  LIFE  AT  HOME  AND  ABROAD 
1745-18:33 


BY 

MRS.  MORGAN  JOHN   O'CONNELL  '  vl^ 


IN  TWO    VOLUMES 

VOL.  I. 


LONDON 
KEGAN   PAUL,   TRENCH,   TEUBNER   &   CO.,    Lxr. 

PATERNOSTER   HOUSE,   CHARING   CROSS    ROAD 

189i 


^B:0S^0N  COLLEGK  LIHU. 

CHEbTiNUT   HILL   .M.A' 


.^w^^ 


[Thi  rights  of  translation  and  of  reproduction  are  resiroed.) 


TO    THE 


BELOVED  MEMORY  OF  MY   HUSBAND, 
MOEGAN  JOHN  O'CONNELL. 


PREFACE 


A  BOOK  consisting  largely  of  the  letters  of  one  Daniel 
O'Connell  suggests  to  the  possible  reader  a  similar  work 
wherein  the  famous  bearer  of  the  name  paints  his  own 
portrait  in  scores  of  familiar  letters.  His  editor  has  modestly 
confined  himself  to  such  a  thin  thread  of  narrative  and 
comment  as  is  required  to  make  the  letters  intelligible  to 
a  later  generation. 

Now,  I  have  pursued  a  precisely  opposite  course.  Helped 
by  two  kinsmen,  who  were  able  to  supplement  my  lack  of 
special  lore,  I  have  endeavoured  to  depict  old  Irish  life  at 
home  and  abroad.  The  hoards  of  faded  papers  at  Darrynane 
and  many  another  old  Munster  home  have  been  ransacked ; 
a  whole  collection  of  Count  O'Connell's  letters  were  lent  me 
by  Mr.  Fitz-Simon,  of  GlancuUen;  old  tags  of  verse  in  English 
and  Irish  have  been  written  down  from  the  dictation  of  old 
ladies  and  old  followers;  old  smuggling  bills  and  legal 
opinions,  wills,  and  marriage  treaties  have  been  laid  under 
contribution.  From  this  somewhat  chaotic  mass  we  have 
endeavoured  to  evolve  a  sort  of  counterfeit  presentment  of  the 
old  native  Irish  gentry,  the  O's  and  the  Macs,  fighting  abroad 
and  struggling  at  home,  and  likewise  to  depict  the  high- 
spirited  mothers  who  bore  them.  A  matron  and  two  of  her 
sons  will  be  described  in  these  pages. 

Daniel   Charles,    Count   O'Connell,  was  a   distinguished 
cavalier  of  fortune  abroad,  and  one  of  the  prime  movers  in 


viii  Preface. 

the  transfer  of  the  Catholic  Irish  French  officers  to  the 
English  Service  without  loss  of  faith  or  honour.  He  may 
fairly  claim  to  represent  the  best  type  of  the  refined,  scholarly, 
and  scientific  officer  of  the  old  time. 

His  brother  Maurice,  witty,  wealthy,  and  wise,  was  a 
remarkable  man  in  his  own  way.  He  lived  in  seeming 
seclusion  and  voluntary  obscurity,  j^et  amassed  a  great 
fortune  in  spite  of  the  anti-Popery  laws,  and  carried  on 
a  most  interesting  political  correspondence  with  the  leading 
Protestants  of  his  county.  We  find  him  about  to  be  tried 
for  his  life  in  1782,  and  appointed  a  Deputy-Governor  for 
Kerry  a  few  years  later. 

Their  many-childed  mother,  with  her  weird  gift  of  Irish 
improvisation,  her  practical  shrewdness  and  good  house- 
wifery, and  the  extraordinary  influence  she  wielded  in  her 
family  until  her  death  at  near  ninety  years  of  age,  seems  to 
me  a  figure  of  no  common  interest. 

In  the  letters  of  ninety  years,  dry  and  formal  indeed  for 
the  most  part,  we  see  the  real  life  of  the  old  Irish  people  at 
home  and  abroad.  I  confess  these  old  letters  upset  most  of 
our  preconceived  notions.  Here  we  find  Irish-folk  abhorring 
drink  and  debt,  and  living  on  the  best  terms  with  their 
heretical  neighbours.  Some  of  them  are  fighting  against 
England  abroad,  others  defying  English  laws  at  home ;  yet 
they  share  one  sentiment,  and  in  these  pages  they  show  a 
most  curious  desire  to  be  suffered  to  be  loyal. 

These  neatly  traced  letters  are  written  by  all  sorts  and 
conditions  of  men — generals  and  schoolboys,  bishops  and 
priests,  lawyers,  merchants,  and  politicians.  My  dear 
husband  remembered  his  grand-uncle,  Count  O'Connell ;  and 
I  have  met  many  other  old  people  who  had  a  lively  recol- 
lection of  a  tall,  straight,  handsome  old  man,  who  was  kind- 
ness personified. 

The  vicissitudes  of  Count  O'Connell's  long  life  seem  to  me 
worthy  of  a  careful  record.  I  purpose  to  chronicle  his 
escapes  in  battles  and  sieges  and  during  the  Revolution ;  his 


Preface.  ix 

honourable  poverty  and  interesting  negotiations  with  Pitt 
during  the  Emigration;  his  late,  though  happy  marriage;  and 
his  delightful  family  life  among  his  French  kindred.  He  had 
step-daughters  who  were  devoted  children  to  him,  "wealth, 
honours,  troops  of  friends,"  Irish  and  French,  and  among 
his  personal  friends  he  could  count  his  king,  Charles  X.  I 
fancy  few  of  the  veterans  of  the  old  heroic  Irish  Brigade  have 
left  a  fairer  record. 

As  chronicler  of  the  last  set  of  Munster  officers  of  the 
Brigade,  I  have  collected  such  verses,  old  stories,  and  old 
pedigrees  as  are  floating  about  among  the  southern  shores 
and  lovely  hills  of  Kerry  and  South-West  Cork.  The  critic 
may  laugh  at  some  of  them  ;  yet  I  venture  to  say  there  are 
scores  of  Irish  homes  in  the  greater  Erin  beyond  the  seas 
and  in  remote  colonial  tracts,  where  these  identical  stories 
and  pedigrees  will  give  a  keen  sense  of  j)leasure  to  offshoots 
of  old  historic  stems. 

Our  task  is  threefold — the  life-story  of  an  honourable  and 
honoured  career ;  an  attempt  to  reproduce  old  Irish  life  with- 
out either  sentimentality  or  caricature  ;  and  an  attempt  to 
preserve  old  pedigrees,  stories,  verses,  and  traditions  that 
otherwise  would  soon  be  hopelessly  lost.  In  these  pages  we 
have  stored  such  flotsam  and  jetsam  as  we  could  rescue  from 
the  waters  of  oblivion. 

The  articles  signed  "R.  O'C."  are  contributed  by  Mr.  Ross 
O'Connell,  of  Lake  View;  and  Mr.  O'Connell,  of  Darrynane, 
has  given  a  general  revision  and  supplied  those  marked 
"  D.  O'C. ;  "  and  a  girl-cousin  has  given  precious  help. 

I  grieve  to  record  the  death  of  two  kind  helpers.  While 
this  work  was  going  through  the  press,  the  Liberator's 
daughter  Kate,  Mrs.  O'Connell,  of  Ballinabloun,  and  the 
venerable  Miss  Julianna,  oldest  of  all  the  O'Connells,  have 
passed  away  to  their  reward. 

MARY  A.  O'CONNELL. 

LOXGFIELD,    CaSHEL. 


THANKS. 


I  TENDER  my  thanks  to  the  following  kind  helpers  who  aided 
me  in  various  ways  : — 

To  my  three  fellow-workers :  Boss  O'Connell,  of  Lake 
View ;  Daniel  O'Connell,  of  Darrynane ;  and  a  young  kins- 
woman who  wishes  to  be  nameless. 

For  letters,  State  papers,  and  traditional  information, 
to  Christopher  Fitz-Simon,  of  Glancullen  ;  Sir  Maurice 
O'Connell,  of  Lake  View ;  Mr.  Fitz-Patrick,  Fitz-William 
Square,  Dublin ;  Mr.  Leyne,  Eegistry  of  Deeds,  Dublin ;  La 
Marquise  de  Sers,  of  Madon,  near  Blois ;  Judge  Kelly,  of 
Newtown ;  Mr.  Lecky,  the  historian ;  Mrs.  Ffrench  and  Mrs. 
O'Connell,  daughters  of  the  Liberator  ;  Miss  Julianna  O'Con- 
nell, Darrynane  ;  Miss  Evelina  McCarthy,  Vogelhaus  ;  Mrs. 
Anne  O'Mahony,  late  of  Cullina ;  Miss  O'Geran,  Eushmount  ; 
Miss  Lizzie  0' Sullivan,  Kenmare  ;  Mr.  Mahony,  of  Dromore  ; 
Mr.  Marshall,  of  Callinafercy ;  Mr.  Morrogh -Bern aid,  of 
Faha;  Dr.  George  Sigerson,  Dublin,  who  has  given  some 
notes  over  his  initials;  Mr.  Hickie,  of  Killelton;  Rev.  L. 
Gilligan,  C.C.,  Labasheeda ;  General  Sir  Martin  Dillon,  and 
others. 

For  information  on  Irish  topics,  Irish  verses,  translations, 
and  Celtic  lore  generally,  to  the  Rev.  Peter  O'Leary,  CO., 
Doneraile ;  Rev.  John  Martin,  CO.,  Cahirdaniel ;  Professor 
O'Loony;  Mr.  McSweeney,  R. LA.,  Dublin ;  Sergeant^O'Con- 
nor,  R.LC,  Cork;  Mr.  O'SuUivan,  Maylor  Street,  Cork; 
Michael  Houlahan,  Cork;  to  Daniel  Sullivan,  John  James 
Gallavan,  and  Mary  Sullivan  Lia,  all  from  Darrynane. 


CONTENTS   OF   VOL.   I. 


BOOK  I. 


OLD   IRISH    LIFE    AT    HOME. 


Birth  and  parentageof  Daniel  Charles  O'Connell— Short  sketch  of  his  family 
— Darrynane  a  century  ago— Donal  Mor  O'Connell  and  Maur-ni-Dhuiv 
O'Donoghue,  his  wife— How  Maur-ni-Dhuiv  ruled  her  household^ 
One  verse  of  her  spinning-song — Rhymed  dialogue  with  a  tenant— Her 
elder  children— Maurice  goes  to  a  finishing  school — Descriptive  letter 
to  John — John  marries  Mary  Falvey,  of  Faha — Letters  to  and  from 
Maurice  (1748-4:9) :  educational,  admonitory,  descriptive,  amatory — 
Death  of  John— Maurice's  statement  about  the  young  widow,  with  five 
of  her  letters  (1751-53)— Anecdote  of  Daniel's  boyhood— Fisheries— 
Connell  goes  to  France— Then 'goes  to  sea— Curious  absence  of  bigotry 
in  Kerry— Letter  from  Arthur  Bleuncrhassett  to  John  O'Connell— From 
Connell  to  Maurice— From  Connell  to  F.  O'Sullivau— Marriage  of 
Maurice  O'Connell  to  Mary  Cantillon,  of  Ballyphillip- Smuggling- 
Natural  facilities  of  Darrynane  for  the  purpose— Smuggling  letter  from 
Maurice  O'Connell  (1754)      


Note  A. 
„    B. 

„    C. 


D. 
E. 
F. 

G. 


Notes  to  Book  I. 
Pedigree  of  Donal  Mor  O'Connell 

Fish  in  Kerry     

O'Mahony 

Mahony  of  Dunloe        

Sugrue     

OTalvey  of  Faha  

"  Tlie  Poor  Scholar's  Blessing  " 
Weather-fclated  Houses  in  Munsfer     ... 
Cantillon  of  Ballyhcigue  


4S 
4!t 

51 


til 


BOOK   II. 

IRISH    BOYS    ABROAD. 

1761  1769. 


How  the  young  cousins,   Daniel  O'Connell  of  Darrynane,  and  Morty  of 
Tarmons,  went  to    serve    abroad— Maur-ni-Dhuiv's    parting  lament— 


xiv  Contents. 

PAGE 

English  rhymed  translation — How  Chevalier  Fagan  got  Daniel  into 
the  French  Service  and  the  Eoyal  Swedisli  Kegiment — Brief  account  of 
last  campaign  of  the  Seven  Years'  War,  wherein  the  boys  smelt  powder 
on  opposite  sides — Chevalier  Fagan's  letter  to  Maurice  O'Connell,  de- 
scribing Dan's  admirable  conduct  during  it,  and  prophesying  his  future 
eminence — Morty  gets  taken  prisoner — Father  Guardian  O'Brien  helps 
him,  and  writes  to  Maurice  O'Connell,  enclosing  a  letter  from  Morty, 
and  consulting  Maurice  about  the  feasibility  of  making  a  match  between 
Marshal  Browne's  son  and  Lord  Kenmare's  daughter — Dan's  letter 
(Fort  Louis-on-the-Rhine,  February  12,  1764) — Answers  to  Maurice 
about  his  going  into  the  Spanish  Service — His  reasons  for  not  doing  so 
— Money  matters — Letter  from  brother  Connell  (17Gi)  to  Maurice — 
Satisfaction  at  Dan's  conduct — Shelbourne  leases — Irish  pilots — Letter 
from  Dan  to  Maurice  (Schlestatt,  in  Alsace,  April,  1765) — Friendship  of 
Captain  Fagan — Brother  Connell's  death — Notice  of  him — Some  of  his 
letters — Letter  (Schlestatt,  August  6,  1765)  from  Dan  to  Maurice — 
Wants  help  to  accept  colonel's  offer  of  a  place  in  Academy — Expecta- 
tions of  wars — Hopes  of  promotion— Kindness  of  his  colonel — He 
expects  to  join  the  staff — Offer  of  place  in  Carabineers — His  studies — 
Looking  forward  to  serve  his  own  king  and  country — Letter  (Strasbourg, 
December  27,  1765)  from  Dan  lo  his  father,  deprecating  his  displeasure 
— Death  of  the  Dauphin — Loyalty  of  the  French — School  letter  (Stras- 
bourg, February  12,  1766) — Military  School — Probable  advancement — 
Some  liopes  of  war — Letter  (Schlestatt,  June  16,  1766)  from  Dan  to 
Maurice— Joins  his  regiment — Gets  commission  as  first  lieutenant — Sets 
out  for  Switzerland  with  his  colonel — Anecdotes  of  Morty  of  Tarmons — 
Letter  (Cambray,  1766)  from  Dan  to  Maurice— Marching  with  his 
regiment — Sister  Abigail  abroad — Cousin  John  FitzMaurice — Talks  of 
wintering  in  Paris — Letter  (Aire,  August,  1767)  from  Dan  to  Maurice — 
Movements  of  the  regiment — He  acts  as  "  Officier  Major " — Meets 
relations— FitzMaurice — Mahony — His  cousin  the  Abbe — Daniel  Swiney 
— Robin  Conway — Talks  of  a  trip  to  Ireland — Orders  to  appear  befoie 
the  King — Cousin  Maurice  Jeffrey — Notice  of  Burkes  of  Cornabulliagii 
— Letter  of  Father  Guardian  O'Brien  to  Hunting  Cap  (Buttevant, 
December,  1767) — Sir  Walter  Esnaonde — -Influenza — -Chapter  in  Athlone 
— ^Blakes^ — ^Intends  setting  out  for  Spain — Mrs.  Blake's  visit  to  Darry- 
uane — Rev.  James  Bland  to  Hunting  Cap,  on  roads — Outlaws  in  Iveragh 
— Dangers  to  respectable  Catholics — Smuggling — Letter  from  Dan  to 
Hunting  Cap  (dated  London,  January,  1768) — Accompanies  his  colonel 
to  London — Impressions  of  London  roughs — A  letter  from  Gravelines 
(March,  1768)  to  Hunting  Cap— The  post  of  "  Sub-Aide  Major  "— 
Colonel's  kindness — Letter  (Gravelincji,  May,  1768)  to  Hunting  Cap — 
Movements  of  the  regiment — Indisposition  of  the  Queen — Sister  Nelly's 
marriage  to  Arthur  O'Leary — Robin  Conway — Penal  law  enforced 
against  Tim  McCarthy — First  letter  of  1769,  dated  from  Mauburge — 
Tlie  affairs  of  Corsica — Paoli — Regimental  affairs — Armorial  bearings 
— Matrimonial  letter  from  Captain  Robin  Conway  to  Maurice  O'Connell 
from  Bergues(Januar3 ,  1769) — The  Sheriff  goes  smuggling — Letter  from 
Dan  to  Maurice  (dated  Paris,  August,  1769)— The  camp — Captain 
Fagan— Paris  and  the  gay  world — Claims  of  preferment — Hopes  of 
going  home— Movements  of  tlie  regiment — Stephen  Fagan       66 


Contents.  XV 


Notes  to  Book  II. 


Note  A. 

Irish  Pilots  and  Seamen 

„     B. 

O'SuUivan          

„  c. 

Conway  of  Bodrliyddan 

»     D 

Shevaun-ni  -Dhuiv's  Vengeance 

„     E. 

The  Two  Red  Roquelaures     ... 

„     F. 

Penal  Papers  in  1775 

„     G. 

Hunting  Cap's  Visit  to  Loudon 

„    H. 

Louis  de  France 

I'AOK 

131 
132 
135 
136 
138 
139 
141 
145 


BOOK  IIL 

IN    THE    IRISH    BKIGADE. 

1769-1779. 

Daniel  Ciiarles  O'Connell  joins  as  aide-major  to  "  Clare's  "  (October,  1769) 
— Kerry  Chronicle  on  Dan — Colonel  Meade — Royal  Swedes — First 
letter  from  Dan  on  entering  Brigade — No  promotion  in  Royal  Sue'dois 
Regiment — Succeeds  Conway  as  aide-major  in  "  Clare's  " — Regimental 
afl'airs — Debts — Chevalier  Fagan  helps — Lord  Kenmare's  advice — 
Chevalier  Fagan  to  Hunting  Cap — Dan's  sense  of  honour — Series  of 
letters  to  Maurice  O'Connell :  from  Dan,  Rochefort  (December, 
1770) — Sailing  for  East  Indies — Captain  aide-major — His  father's  death 
— Letter  from  Chevalier  Fagan — ^From  Dan  (the  Road  of  Rochefort, 
January,  1771)— Farewell  letter — Dan's  first  letter  from  Mauritius 
(July,  1771) — Six  mouths'  voyage — Hopes  for  war — Provisions  scarce — ■ 
Hard  times — Chevalier  Fagan  again — Hunting  Cap  at  home — Morgan 
O'Connell  of  Carhen's  marriage — Catherine  O'Mullane — Morgan  of 
Carhen — Maur-ni-Dliuiv  again — Romantic  anecdotes — Arthur  O'Leary, 
"  the  Outlaw  " — Fair  Mary  Baldwin's  love-story — Niece  Abby — 1772  : 
James  Gould  writes  to  congratulate  Maurice  on  the  major's  return — 
Smuggling — Hugh  Falvey,  of  Faha,  the  friendly  "  discoverer  " — From 
Daniel  (Clonakilty,  April,  1773)— Tralee— Cork— Finds  a  ship  for  Dun- 
kirk— Hopes  to  march  in  June  for  Poland  or  Italy — Jerry  McCrohan 
— Ample  sea  stores — Dunkirk  (April,  1773) — After  a  passage  of  four 
days — Military  acquaintances — Alliance  with  England — Military  move- 
ments— Setting  out  for  Bethune — Jerry  Falvey — Family  affairs — 
Bethune  (April,  1773) — McCarthy  Mor,  the  real  chief  of  the  family — 
Charles  McCarthy — Margaret  McMahon — Lawsuit  with  Herberts — Lord 
Clare — No  war  at  present — South  Sea  discovery — Late  for  Indian  pro- 
motion—  Arthur  O'Leary,  "the  Outlaw,"  shot  —  Eileen's  grief — 
Vengeance — Bethune  (June,  1773) — Poor  Arthur — His  widow  and 
orphans — Preparations  for  war  laid  aside — Military  gossip — Tom  Oon- 
way— Bethune  (Sei)tember,  1773)— McCarthy  Mor— Irish  Parliament- 
Certificate  in  favour  of  a  rebel — Nancy's  marriage— Hunting  Cap's  wife 
— Leaving  for  Rocroi — Eugene  McCarthy — Affairs  of  the  nation- 
Chevalier   O'Mahony— Count  O'Mahoiiy — Lord    Clare — Rocroi   (Feb- 


xvi  Contents. 


ruary,   1774)— The     Duke   d'Aiguillon   and   military   affairs— Mighty 
changes  expected — Miss  Browne's  marriage— Talk  of  visiting  Ireland 
again— Rocroi  (July,  1774)— Death  of  the  king— Duke  d'Aiguillon — 
A  well-wisher  to  Ireland— Military  gossip— Fears  a  dissolution  of  the 
Brigade — Hopes  of  going  to  court — Eugene  McCarthy — Colonel  Meade 
— Lord  Thoraond — Rocroi  (August,  1774)— Visit  to  Ireland  in  October 
—  Colonel  Meade— Cluhina— Death  of  Colonel  Meade— Rocroi  (October, 
1774)— Going    home —Regimental   movements — Death  of  Mrs.   Fitz- 
Maurice— Major    Sullivan— Paris    (October,    1774) -Trip    to    Ireland 
postponed — Military  affairs — Friendship  of  Doctor  Mahony — Adminis- 
tration in  France— ]\Ir.  Crosbie,  of  Ardfert— Lord  Shelbourne— Colonel 
James  Conway — Abbe  Connell  ^Episcopacy  of  Kerry — Doctor  Mahony 
and  the  chevalier— Paris  (  December,  1 774)— Money  matters — Mr.  Hickson 
— Military  constitution — Changes   in    the    Brigade — "Bulkeley's" — 
"Clare's" — "  Dillon's"  — Major  Conway — The  Marquis  of  FitzJames — 
(iloomy  forebodings — Lord  Kenmare— Marquis  de  Syvrac — Paris  (Jan- 
uary, 1775)— The  ciitical  situation  oftheBrignde  — Courtly  acquaintances 
— Evil  forecasts — B.'shopric  of   Kerry — Abbe'  Connell — The   prince   at 
Rome — Obligations  to  Doctor    Mahony — The   last  of  "Clare's" — Dan 
pays  a  visit  to  his  family — He  hopes  to  serve  his  country — The  Count  de 
Maillebois— Sir  John  O'Sullivan-Cork  (March,  1776)— Clohina—Abby 
Gould — Passage  in  the  Havre  packet — Troops  marching — Cork  tlie  ren- 
dezvous for  troops  bound  for  America — Dr.  Connell —Jemmy  Baldwin 
— Letter   from  Robin   Conway — Morgan   in   Cork — Mr.   Wise — Havre 
(March,   1776) — Passage  takes  six  days — Denis  jMcCrohau — Going   to 
Paris — Canibray  (June,  1776)— Expectation  of  military  changes — For- 
mation of  regiments,  etc.— McCarthy  Mor— Walsh's  regiment — Dan  on 
olher  people's   small   boys — Introduced   to    the    Ministers— Studies- 
Calais  (July,  1776)— Family  affection — Bad  health — Eugene  McCarthy 
in  Count  Walsh    de  Serrant's   regiment- Jeffrey  Maurice   O'Connell's 
boy — Death    of  Daniel    O'Connell,   of    Bidlinablown — Intercedes    for 
Arthur   O'Leary's   widow— Calais    (September,    1776)— Quite    well — 
Regimental  movements — Talks  of  a  trip  to  Paris — Le  Comte  de  Maille- 
bois   in    command — His    kindness— Young    Falvey — Mick    Falvey — 
Birth  of  Morgan's  second  son — Gravelines  (December,  1776) — Military 
preparations — Flattering    offers    of    the    American    Congress— Major 
Conway — A  tour  to  Paris  next  month — Jeffrey  Maurice's  boy— Abbe' 
Moriarty — James  Baldwin — Notice   of  "Berwick's" — Paris  (January, 
1777) — Forms  a  design  of  going  to  America — He  is  refused  permission 
to  go — M.  de  Maillebois  presents  him  to  the  Ministers— Faction  and 
intrigue— Chevalier  O'Mahony— Rickard   O'Connell— Gambling— Tom 
FitzMaurice  — Cousin     Morty     in    Germany — Paris    (March,    1777) — 
Roguery  of  Dan's  servant — Presented  at  court  by  M.  de  Maillebois— 
Difhculties  of  promotion — American   plan — American  War — Chevalier 
O'Mahony— Mr.  Trench — Mrs.  Mahony — Mr.  Mahony,  lieut.-colonel  in 
the  Spanish  Service — Count  Mahony,  ambassador  at  Vienna — Burses    . 
founded   by  Dr.   Connell — Certificate   of  baptism — Arms — Pedigree — 
Gravelines  (May,  1777)— Where  to  send  a  boy  (in  reply  to  Hugh  Falvey) 
— Dijon — Jerry  Falvey — Major  Conway — Florence— James  Maliony — 
Captain  Rick  O'Connell— Paris  (October,  1778)— Pleasing  news  of  laws 
in  favour  of  Roman  Catholics — Sighing  for  the  liberty  of  spilling  his 


Coiifotfs.  xvii 


rAc.r, 


blood  in  defence  of  the  English  king— Friends  and  distinguished 
acquaintances — Some  advantages  oflered  in  the  East — Refused— His 
sister's  illness — The  pedigree — Paris  (October,  1778)— Rick  ConncU 
arrives — Linen  and  genealogy  required — Rumoured  death  of  Tom 
Conway  of  desperate  wounds — His  recovery — Campaign  in  Bohemia — 
Military  talents  of  Lacy — General  Dalton — Army  gossip  — Sister  Nancy 
— Captain  Rickard  O'Connell  takes  up  the  pen — His  personality — His 
flirtations— Cajjtain  Rickard  on  Dan — Rickard's  relations,  etc. — Plot  to 
murder  liim — His  letter  to  Maurice  Leyne — "Waits  on  the  Earl  of 
Inchiquin—  His  friendship— Religion  a  bar — Daniel  Charles  O'Connell 
a  major  in  "  Berwick's  " — Major  O'CouneU's  advice — Hunting  Cap  lends 
money  for  Rickard's  advancement — "  Alps  of  difficulties  " — Gratitude — 
His  adored  patron  (our  hero) — Camp  near  St.  Malo  (September,  1778) — 
Captain  Rickard  to  Maurice  Leyne — Joins  the  Brigade — Regimental 
duties— Colonel  O'Connell — Chevalier  O'Maiiony — Colonel  Conway — 
The  drum  beats ! — March,  1779 :  Captain  Rickard  writes  to  Colonel 
O'Connell  in  Paris — Rickard  to  Maurice  Leyne^ — Illness — Rickard  sen- 
timental— Approbation  of  the  colonel — A  letter  from  Colonel  O'Connell 
to  Rickard,  telling  him  of  Count  Walsh  de  Serrant's  favour — Captain 
FitzMaurice — Oiier  of  a  commission  in  "  Dillon's  " — Going  to  Martinico 
— Wants  Colonel  O'Connell's  approval — Colonel  O'Connell  says  No — 
Rickard's  commission  in  "Walsh's" — Captain  O'Connor — August,  1779  : 
Captain  Rickard  writes  again  to  Maurice  Leyne — Rickard  a  rebel 
— French  war  news— Cousin  Conway^ — Dr.  Sheehy — Pere  Felix 
O'Dempsey       14G 

Notes  to  Book  III. 

McCarthy  Mor  and  O'Donoghue  of  the  Glens  225 

O'Donoghue   of  the  Glens  and    O'Donoghue  Dhuv;    and  Female 

Descents  of  the  O'Donoghue  Dhuvs  232 

The  Strong  Chieftain  and  the  Smith  287 

Dirge  of  Arthur  O'Leary        287 

Baldwin  of  Clohina      24(; 

A  Century  and  a  Half  of  Dr.  Leynes  in  Tralee       24G 


BOOK  IV. 

COLONEL   o'cONNELL. 

1780-1783. 

No  letters  from  Daniel  Charles  O'Connell  from  October,  1778,  to  March,  1780 
— Captain  Rickard  and  others  fill  the  void — Rickard's  first  letter  of  1780 
dates  from  Cambray — Recruiting — Marching — Colonel  O'Connell's  kind- 
ness— A  true  friend — Flanders — Robin  Conway — Eugene  McCarthy — 
Little  Maurice  Jeffrey  O'Connell — Sir  Maurice  (Charles  Phillip)  O'Con- 
nell and  other  small  boys — Captain  Robin  Conway  to  Hunting  Cap 
(Bergues,iFebruary,  1780) — A  little  cousin — The  colonel  gone  to  Stras- 
bourg— Robin  loses  his  motlier-iu-law — Little  Robin  to  play  the  pipes  for 


Note 

A. 

M 

B. 

5) 

C. 

H 

D. 

» 

E. 

J) 

F. 

xviii  Contents. 


promotion — Colonel  O'Connell,  "my  best  aud  worth yest  of  friends" — 
Mrs.  Seggerson — The  Cross  of  St.  Louis — Our  hero's  portraits — Paris, 
March,  1780 :  Colonel  O'Connell  to  Hunting  Cap — Thauks  for  money — 
Knowledge  of  the  aftairs  of  the  country — Going  to  Strasbourg — Little 
Maurice  to  be  presented  to  Duke  de  FitzJames — Eugene  McCarthy 
gone  to  Martinico  as  captain  in  his  regiment — Chevalier  O'Mahony — 
Doctor  Connell — Account  of  Colonel  Eugene  McCarthy — Strasbourg, 
May,  1780:  Dan  to  Hunting  Cap— Old  friends— Royal  Swedes- 
Genealogy — Earl  of  Glandore — Counsellor  Fitzgerald — Little  Maurice 
gone  to  college — The  O'Connells  at  home  and  abroad — Irish  gossip — 
Knight  of  Kerry  to  Maurice  O'Connell,  on  roads — Iveragh,  the  asylum 
of  rogues  and  vagabonds — Maurice's  reply  to  Knight  of  Kerry — 
On  the  affairs  of  the  barony — Volunteer  corps — Account  of  a  shipwreck 
— Captain  Rickard  writes  from  Cambray  (January,  1781) — ^Sentiment — • 
An  exile  from  Erin — Rickard's  cold  and  cure — Colonel  O'Connell,  as 
usual,  the  best  of  friends — Poor  Conway — No  letters  from  Colonel 
O'Connell  from  May,  1780,  to  April,  1783 — He  is  mentioned  as  with  the 
battalion  at  Minorca — Quite  well  in  Captain  Rickard's  letter — A  letter 
(1782)  mentionshisbrilliant  prospects — Chevalier  Bartholomew  O'Mahony 
— Port  Phillip  and  Gibraltar — Daniel  is  invited  to  serve  in  Russia  — 
Later  in  Portugal — O'Callaghan  on  our  hero — Port  Mahon — The  siege 
of  Gibraltar — Allied  forces  of  Spain  and  France — Driukwater  describes 
the  times — News  from  Portugal — The  Spanish  Fleet — Fort  St.  Phillip 
besieged — Surrender  of  Fort  St.  Phillip — Lieut.-Colonel  O'Connell  to 
Rickard  O'Connell  (December,  1781) — Grant's  account  of  the  landing 
of  the  Due  de  Crillon — O'Connell  specially  and  honourably  noticed — 
Account  of  Minorca  from  the  "  Annual  Register  " — General  Murray's 
description  of  the  fall  of  Port  Phillip — Captain  Rickard  to  Hunting  Cap 
(December,  1781) — Is  in  Ireland,  ill — Dan  with  the  battalion  in  Minorca 
— Dan's  letter  to  Rickard  from  Gibraltar — Dan's  pedigree — Captain 
Rickard  pedigree-hunting — "  Flirting  the  mother  of  mischief  " — Colonel 
O'Connell's  "  College  " — Chevalier  O'Mahony — Captain  O'Connor  writes 
to  him — Rickard  speaks  of  Dan's  brilliant  success  at  Gibraltar — The 
Liberator  on  his  uncle — Anecdotes  of  the  Colonel — Old  Kerry  newspaper 
— Count  de  Vaudreuil — Fine  friends — Vaudreuil  on  O'Connell — Our 
hero  at  Cadiz — Siege  of  Gibraltar,  and  list  of  officers  there — Due  de 
Crillon-Mahon — O'Connell  a  member  of  the  council  of  war — Names  of 
the  battering-ships — Count  Fersen — "  Le  Beau  Fersen  " — Fersen's  ge- 
nerosity— Account  of  the  floating  batteries  from  the  "  Annual  Register " 
— Contemporary  account  of  our  hero  on  board  the  floating  batteries — 
Prince  of  Nassau — "  That  day  of  wrath" — O'Connell's  coolness  in  danger 
— Plot  ou  his  life — Saves  bis  friends  and  others — Wounded — A  shell 
bursts — "Annual  Register"  continues — Captain  Curtis — Letter  of  a 
French  officer— Family  tradition — Mr.  James  Roche — Chevalier  Bartho- 
lomew O'Mahony  writes  (Paris,  October,  1782)  to  Hunting  Cap — Con- 
gratulates him  on  Dan's  promotion — Pedigree  a  necessity — Cambray, 
October,  1782 :  Chevalier  O'Mahony  again — Dan  wounded,  but  recovered 
— Brothers  in  arms — Perils  at  home — The  penalties  of  smuggling — 
The  mysterious  crooked  knife— Captain  Wliitwell  Butler— The  smugglers 
caught— Gallantry  of  Captain  Butler— Young  O'SuUivan  of  Couliagh— 
Owen  McCrohau  writes  to  Morgan  O'Connell— Plots— Informers— Mr. 


Contents.  xix 

PAGE 

Dominic  Trant,  M.P. — Trants  of  Dovea — Maurice  O'Cf  nnell  to  Counsellor 
Dominic  Trant — Foul  plot  against  Hunting  Cap — Honourable  conduct  of 
Judge  Henn,  Dominic  Trant,  Lord  Annal_y,  and  other  Protestants — 
Several  letters  about  this  matter — Triumphant  refutation  of  all  calumnies, 
and  perfect  vindication  of  Maurice,  Morgan,  and  Daniel  O'Connell    ...    249 

Notes  to  Book  IV. 

Note  A.     Alexander  Ross's  Siege  Diary  314 

„     B.     Count   Bartholomew   O'Mahony,    with    Trant    and    FitzMaurice 

Pedigrees        .S16 

„    C.     "  le  Brave  O'Mahony "  320 

„     D.     Dominic  Trant  and  his  Jacobite  Kindred 325 

„    E.     Sir  Nicholas  Trant,  K.T.S 329 


THE  LAST  COLONEL  OF  THE 
lEISH  BRIGADE. 


BOOK  I. 

OLD   IRISH   LIFE   AT   HOME. 

Birth  and  parentage  of  Daniel  Charles  O'Connell — Short  sketch  of  his 
family — Darrynane  a  century  ago — Donal  Mor  O'Connell  and  Maur- 
ni-Dhuiv  O'Donoghue,  his  wife — How  Maur-ni-Dhuiv  ruled  her 
household — One  verse  of  her  spinning-song — Rhymed  dialogue  with 
a  tenant — Her  elder  children — Maurice  goes  to  a  finishing  school — 
Descriptive  letter  to  John — John  marries  Mary  Falvey,  of  Faha — 
Letters  to  and  from  Maurice  (1748-49)  :  educational,  admonitoi-y, 
descriptive,  amatory — Death  of  John — Maurice's  statement  about 
the  young  widow,  with  five  of  her  letters  (1751-53) — Anecdote  of 
Daniel's  boyhood — Fisheries — Connell  goes  to  France — Then  goes  to 
sea — Curious  absence  of  bigotry  in  Kerry — Letter  from  Arthur 
Blennerhassett  to  John  O'Connell — From  Connell  to  Maurice — ^From 
Connell  to  F.  O'Sullivan — Marriage  of  Maurice  O'Connell  to  Mary 
Cantillon,  of  Ballyphillip  — Smuggling — Natural  facilities  of  Darry- 
nane for  the  purpose — Smuggling  letter  from  Maurice  O'Connell 
(1754). 

Daniel  Charles,  Count  O'Connell,  was  born  in  an  eventful 
year — on  the  21st  of  May,  1745.  Born  the  very  year  of  the 
last  Jacobite  rising,  just  two  months  before  Charles  Edward's 
splendid  banner  had  lured  so  many  high-spirited  Catholics 
to  destruction  in  Scotland  and  England,  his  life  was  pro- 
longed until  Queen  Victoria's  girlhood.  He  had  served  three 
King  Louises,  had  first  borne  arms  against  Britain  and 
the  great  Frederick,  yet  died  in  the  prosaic  modern  days  of 
Louis  Philippe,  in  the  curious  position  of  a  French  general 
and  an  English  colonel.  He  was  the  uncle  as  well  as  the 
namesake  of  the  famous  Daniel  O'Connell,  whose  remarkable 
vol.  I.  B 


2  The  Last  Colonel  of  the  Irish  Brigade. 

gifts  he  had  soon  perceived,  and  over  whose  early  career  he 
watched  in  France  and  England. 

The  convolutions  of  a  Munster  pedigree  are  not  of  much 
interest  except  to  the  parties  concerned  therein ;  so  suffice  it 
to  say  that  the  O'Connells  were  among  the  lesser  clans  who 
followed  the  great  chieftain  McCarthy  Mor,  the  Celtic  rival 
of  the  great  Norman  Geraldine,  the  Earl  of  Desmond. 
Elizabeth's  iron  hand  crushed  both  these  hereditary  foemen 
and  Desmond,  and  South  Munster  knew  their  sway  no  more. 
The  O'Connells  were  hereditary  constables  of  McCarthy 
Mor's  great  ocean  stronghold  of  Ballycarberry,  near  Cahir- 
siveen,  in  Kerry. 

From  these  long-established  custodians  my  hero  descended. 
Cromwell  "transplanted"  Maurice  O'Connell,  the  head  of 
the  family,  a  very  aged  man.  He  died  on  the  way  ;  but  his 
family  proceeded  into  exile  with  their  servants,  flocks,  and 
herds,  and  settled  beyond  the  Shannon,  in  a  district  called 
Briantree,  near  Lisdoonvarna,  in  the  County  Clare.  The 
second  branch  of  the  family  remained  unmolested,  and  con- 
trived to  preserve  some  unforfeited  lands  in  Glancar,  in  the 
barony  of  Iveragh,  held  by  the  family  by  the  unwritten 
tenure  of  immemorial  possession. 

The  second  brother  of  this  Maurice,  who  died  on  the  way 
to  exile,  was  John,  an  eminent  barrister.  He  was  seneschal 
to  the  great  Duke  of  Ormond,  who,  though  a  Protestant,  had 
a  fancy  for  employing  Catholic  lawyers  to  transact  his  private 
business.  He  obtained  from  his  patron  not  only  a  confirma- 
tion of  the  Cromwellian  grant  to  his  eldest  brother's  descend- 
ant and  namesake,  but  a  licence  for  this  younger  Maurice 
to  set  up  a  few  Franciscan  friars  at  Briantree. 

Daniel  O'Connell,  great-grandson  to  Maurice,  rented  what 
is  now  called  Darrynane  from  the  Earl  of  Cork,  and  thereon 
his  grandson  and  namesake,  some  time,  it  is  supposed,  early 
in  the  second  quarter  of  the  last  century,  built  the  old 
portions  of  the  present  house.  It  was  the  home  of  their 
famous  descendant  and  namesake,  the  Liberator,  grandson 
to  the  Daniel  who  built  it.  My  fellow-worker,  Ross  O'Connell, 
appends  a  genealogical  note.^     The  father  of  this  Daniel, 

^  Note  A,  rnfra.  j).  48. 


Old  Irish  Life  at  Home.  3 

John  O'Connell,  a  captain  in  the  King's  Guard,  served  at  the 
sieges  of  Limerick  and  Derry,  and  at  the  battles  of  the  Boyne 
and  Aughrim.  His  first  cousin,  Brigadier  Maurice,  nephew 
to  Councillor  John,  fell  on  that  last  fatal  field.  Captain 
John,  having  the  good  luck  to  be  included  in  the  articles  of 
the  Capitulation  of  Limerick,  lived  unmolested  at  home  for 
nearly  fifty  years  after. 

Darrynane  is  really  in  0' Sullivan's  country,  in  the  barony 
of  Dunkerron ;  but  it  is  only  seven  miles  from  the  borders 
of  Iveragh,  where  the  old  lands  of  the  O'Connells  are  situated, 
and  the  family  have  been  always  called  the  O'Connells  of 
Iveragh.  The  late  Sir  James  O'Connell,  of  Lake  View,  bought 
Ballycarberry  and  the  ruin  and  much  adjacent  land,  now 
belonging  to  his  son,  Sir  Maurice.  Thus,  by  a  curious  coin- 
cidence, the  old  home  of  the  castellans  of  Ballycarberry, 
whence  Maurice  O'Connell  was  driven  forth  by  Cromwell, 
belongs  now  to  his  namesake  and  direct  descendant. 

There  are  so  few  anecdotes  of  my  hero's  childhood  that 
they  would  not  fill  a  page,  and  I  request  any  reader  who  only 
wants  to  know  about  the  cavalier  of  fortune  and  the  inner 
life  of  the  Irish  Brigade  to  pass  on  to  Book  II.  I  shall  devote 
the  rest  of  this  chapter  to  an  account  of  the  settlement  of  the 
O'Connells  and  to  old-world  family  life.  My  object  is  less 
to  transcribe  and  translate  from  biographical  dictionaries, 
histories,  and  army  lists,  the  adventures  in  which  my  hero 
was  concerned,  than  to  describe  how  people  really  lived  in 
Ireland,  and  out  of  it  too,  over  a  hundred  years  ago.  Of 
course,  I  shall  give  the  historical  extracts  as  they  occur ;  but 
these  are  easily  seen  elsewhere.  What  it  seems  to  me  Irish 
people  ought  to  study  is  the  real  inner  life  of  the  old  native 
Irish  Catholics.  Old  Maurice  O'Connell,  of  Darrynane,  had  as 
great  an  objection  to  burning  written  matter  as  a  Mahometan, 
and  to  this  peculiarity  I  am  indebted  for  the  means  of  letting 
the  old  folk  depict  themselves. 

Kerry  was  in  many  respects  a  very  curious  place. 

Quaint  old  Dr.  Smith,  the  learned  historian  of  Kerry, 
visited  Darrynane  in  1751.  His  chapter  on  the  southern 
baronies  gives  a  singularly  pleasing  picture  of  both  gentry 
and  peasantry.     He  tells  how  the  gentlemen,  by  subscribing 


4  The  Last  Colonel  of  the  Irish  Brigade. 

among  themselves,  had  opened,  shortened,  and  repaired 
the  roads. 

"  They  have  at  great  charge,"  he  continues,  "  shortened 
many  of  the  old  roads,  and  carried  them  on  in  straight  lines 
over  rocks  and  morasses  and  heretofore  impassable  mountains 
and  deej)  glens,  as  the  new  road  from  the  lakes  of  Killarney 
to  the  river  of  Kenmare,  and  others,  carrjdng  on  along  the 
side  of  that  great  arm  of  the  sea  into  the  barony  of  Dunker- 
ron  and  Iveragh,  whereby  they  have  rendered  tedious  and 
toilsome  journeys  for  travellers  not  only  cheap  and  easy,  but 
also  extremely  pleasant  and  entertaining.  Several  of  the 
gentlemen  of  Kerry,  since  the  spirit  of  improvement  hath 
appeared  in  Ireland,  have  laid  themselves  out  in  building, 
planting,  enclosing,  improving,  and  reclaiming  waste  and 
improfitable  ground,  and  enriching  themselves  and  advancing 
their  country.  The  gentlemen  and  inhabitants  of  this 
country  are  all  of  them  remarkable  for  their  hospitality  to 
strangers,  generosity  and  courteous  carriage,  which  charac- 
ters, should  I  refuse  them,  must  be  attributed  to  the  highest 
ingratitude ;  and  lastly,  there  are  few  among  them  but  whose 
breeding  and  parts,  and  I  might  say  learning  also,  are 
eminently  more  conspicuous  than  in  many  other  places  in 
this  kingdom ;  notwithstanding,  Ireland  may  vie  in  this 
respect  with  most  of  the  civilized  countries  of  Europe.  It  is 
well  known  that  classical  reading  extends  itself  even  to  a 
fault  among  the  lower  and  poorer  kind  in  this  country,  many 
of  whom,  to  the  taking  them  off  from  more  useful  works,  have 
greater  knowledge  in  this  way  than  some  of  the  better  sort. 

"  The  common  j^eople  are  extremely  hospitable  and 
courteous  to  strangers.  Many  of  them  speak  Latin  fluently, 
and  I  accidentally  arrived  at  a  little  hut  in  a  very  obscure 
part  of  this  country  where  I  saw  some  poor  lads  reading 
Homer,  their  master  having  been  a  mendicant  scholar  at  an 
English  grammar  school  at  Tralee." 

The  learned  doctor  thus  describes  Darrynane  and  its 
surroundings — 

"At  Cahirdonel  [now  Cahirdaniel]  is  a  circular  fortifica- 
tion built  of  large  stones  seven  feet  high,  and  said  to  be  the 
work   of  the   Danes.     At   Aghamore,   towards    the   western 


Old  Irish  Life  at  Home.  5 

extremity  of  the  parish,  are  the  remains  of  a  small  abbey  of 
Canons  Eegular  of  St.  Austin,  founded  by  the  monks  of  St. 
Finbar,  near  Cork,  in  the  seventh  century.  It  stands  on  a 
small  island  near  the  mouth  of  the  river  of  Kenmare,  having 
its  walls  so  beaten  by  the  sea  that  they  will  be  soon  entirely 
demolished.  About  a  league  to  the  south-west  of  this  island, 
which  is  at  low  water  joined  to  the  shore,  there  are  two 
islands  called  Scariff  and  Dinish.  The  former  is  a  high 
mountain  in  the  sea,  and  hath  one  family  on  it,  who  take 
care  of  some  cows  and  make  a  considerable  quantity  of 
butter.  These  islands,  with  the  adjoining  continent,  are 
farmed  from  the  Earl  of  Cork  and  Orrery  by  Mr.  Daniel 
Connell,  who  has,  on  part  of  the  said  land  called  Darrynane, 
built  a  good  house  and  made  other  improvements — the  only 
plantation  thereabouts." 

Sir  James  O'Connell  used  to  tell  a  story  about  Dr. 
Smith,  namely,  that  he,  when  at  Darrynane,  fancied  a  certain 
admirable  pony,  the  property  of  his  host,  and  offered,  if  it 
were  presented  to  him,  to  give  a  full  account  of  the  family 
of  his  entertainer,  whose  wise  son  Maurice  instantly  besought 
him  to  accept  the  animal,  but  for  the  love  of  Heaven  not 
to  say  a  word  about  them,  but  to  leave  them  to  the  obscurity 
which  was  their  safeguard. 

Concerning  the  name  Conell,  or  O'Connell,  the  suppression 
of  the  0  was  a  matter  of  policy.  People  at  home  did  not  use 
it  openly  until  the  relaxation  of  the  penal  laws  in  1782. 
People  abroad  used  it  always.  The  rough  rendering  I  have 
made  of  Maur-ni-Dhuiv's  Irish  verse  explains  this — 

"  Connell  is  Connell  the  gentlest  born, 
Connell  is  Connell  sprung  from  the  dust."  "^ 

Darrynane  means  "  St.  Finan's  Oak-wood."  A  small 
ruined  church  on  the  Abbey  Island,  so  accurately  described  by 
Dr.  Smith,  was  a  dependency  of  a  great  abbey  in  the  County 
Waterford,  whose  possessions  were  granted  to  Sir  Walter 
Ealeigh.  At  the  fall  of  that  splendid  adventurer,  Darrynane 
passed  into  the  hands  of  Boyle,  first  Earl  of  Cork,  whose 

^  CoTir)d)U  ap  CotiT}ajU  'x\a  tuajr^e 
2l3Uf  Cot)t)4jll  ap  Cot)t)ajll  -o'a  uaj^le. 


6  TJte  Last  Colonel  of  the  Irish  Brigade. 

descendants  let  it,  on  very  favourable  terms,  to  the  O'Connells. 
In  those  days  the  only  chance  a  Catholic  had  of  saving  any 
remnant  of  his  own  fee-simple  property  was  by  renting  a 
large  tract  from  a  powerful  Protestant.  ''My  lord"  would 
always  protect  his  tenant,  and  the  property  of  the  middleman 
was  a  good  security  for  the  landlord.  The  middleman  could 
sublet  what  he  did  not  want ;  and  the  great  man,  if  he  had 
small  profits,  had  neither  risk  nor  trouble. 

Farming,  sporting,  and  smuggling  attracted  several  old 
Catholic  families  to  these  wild  and  remote  shores,  where  they 
could  worship  unmolested,  and  earn  something  to  boot. 
Their  faith,  their  education,  their  wine,  and  their  clothing 
were  equally  contraband. 

We  must  not  suppose,  however,  that  smuggling  was 
peculiar  to  the  down-trodden  Papists.^  There  are  old  papers 
at  Darrynane  showing  nearly  every  name  on  the  grand  jury 
list  as  engaged  in  these  ventures,  and  one  in  which  the 
countenance  and  actual  bodily  presence  of  the  sheriff  are 
promised  on  some  especial  occasion.  The  rock  on  which  Mass 
used  to  be  said  in  a  hollow  of  the  sand-hills  which  form 
the  beautiful  beach  at  Darrynane,  and  the  wonderfully 
dry  smugglers'  cave  among  the  rocks  above  the  garden, 
are  pointed  out  to  this  day,  and  likewise  the  Smuggler's 
Sound,  through  which  the  fleet  little  craft  bore  my  hero  and 
a  band  of  young  kinsmen  to  seek  service  abroad.  Most 
contraband  of  all  goods  were  the  boys  who  were  going  to  be 
trained  for  the  service  of  foreign  powers — the  "wild  geese" 
of  tradition,  song,  and  story. 

1  Smuggling  was  not  even  peculiar  to  Ireland,  for  it  was  carried  on 
with  great  activity  and  daring  along  the  British  coasts,  in  continental 
products.  What  is  less  known  is  the  fact  that  a  vast  contraband  com- 
merce existed  between  England  and  Scotland  on  the  one  hand,  and 
Ireland  on  the  other.  Both  Scotch  and  English  smuggled  over  Irish 
products,  and  many  of  these  were  of  a  nature  the  modern  reader  may 
wonder  to  find  on  the  contraband  list.  "  In  salt,  for  instance,  an  essential 
element  in  fish-curing  as  well  as  in  diet,  there  was  a  stirring  trade  all 
along  the  west  coast  of  Great  Britain.  Half  a  million  persons  in  Scotland 
never  used  any  other  than  smuggled  (Irish)  salt,  and,  as  the  duty  was  still 
heavier  in  England  than  in  Scotland,  the  movement  thither  was  brisk. 
Again,  in  the  article  of  soap  and  candles,  none  were  exported  into  Ireland, 
and  none  were  officially  admitted  into  Britain  from  Ireland,  but  great 
quantities  were  certainly  smuggled  into  all  the  western  counties  of  England 
and  Wales,  and  from  tiienoe,  by  inland  navigation,  into  other  counties" 
(Sigerson,  "  Two  Centuries  of  Irish  History,"   p.  103.     London:  1888). 


Old  Irish  Life  at  Home.  7 

My  hero's  parents  were  Daniel  O'Connell  and  Mary 
O'Donoghue.  Donal  Mor  and  Maur-ni-Dhuiv,  the  people  call 
them.  Donal  Mor,  or  "Big  Daniel,"  refers  to  the  commanding 
stature  of  the  elder  Daniel.  Maur-ni-Dhuiv  ^  does  not  mean 
"  Dark  Mary,"  but  "Mary  of  the  Dark  Folk"— Dhuv,  "  Dark," 
being  the  suffix  of  a  younger  offshoot  of  the  O'Donoghues 
of  the  Glens.     The  great  clan  pedigree  of  the  O'Donoghue 

23 

chieftains  is  in  the  Eoyal  Irish  Academy,  ^.  The  senior 
branch,  whose  head  was  The  O'Donoghue  Mor,  Chieftain  of 
the  Lakes,  and  whose  seat  was  Ross  Castle,  is  extinct.  The 
O'Donoghue  of  the  Glens  (in  Irish,  O'Donoghue  Glynn)  exists 
in  the  person  of  my  grand-nephew.  Mr.  McSwiney,  the 
learned  Assistant-Librarian  of  the  Royal  Irish  Academy, 
informs  me  that  the  O'Donoghues  of  the  Glens  branched 
off  at  the  thirteenth  generation  of  O'Donoghue  Mor  at 
a  man  named  Amhlaoibh  (Auliffe),  fifth  in  descent  from 
Donnchad,  from  whom  the  O'Donoghues  took  their  clan- 
name.  Some  cadet  of  the  family  of  the  Glens  was  called 
as  a  nickname  "Dhuv,"  or  "Dark,"  and  his  family  retained 
the  name.  They  were  settled  in  Glanflesk  at  a  place 
called  Anees,'^  near  Brewsterfield.  Maur-ni-Dhuiv  died 
aged  about  ninety,  nearly  a  hundred  years  ago,  so  there 
is  absolutely  no  tradition  as  to  who  her  mother  was ;  how- 
ever, my  fellow-worker,  Ross  O'Connell,  in  looking  up  a 
Mahony  pedigree,  discovered  that  lady's  name.  "  She  was 
the  daughter  of  Donell  Mahony,  of  Dunloe,"  he  tells  me, 
"the  great  and  terrible  Papist"  of  Mr.  Froude,  "who  ruled 
South  Kerry  with  his  four  thousand  followers"  (Froude' s 
"English  in  Ireland,"  vol.  i.  p.  452).  He  left,  with  other 
issue,  a  daughter,  to  whom,  "  as  the  only  person  in  the 
barony  worthy  to  wear  them,"  he  bequeathed  his  velvet 
breeches.  This  daughter  was  the  wife  of  Donal  O'Donoghue 
Dhuv,  and  the  mother  of  Maur-ni-Dhuiv,  Count  O'Connell's 
mother  [R.  O'C.].'^  The  symbolic  gift  might  have  fitly 
descended  to  Donal  Mahony's  granddaughter,  who,  having  in- 

2  Called  Awnys  in  a  biographical  sketch  in  Grant's  "Cavaliers  of 
Fortune. " 

■^  See  als(j  vol.  ii.  p.  203. 


8  The  Last   Colonel  of  the  Irish  Brigade. 

cited  her  easy-going  spouse  to  build  her  a  good  house,  the  first 
elated  house  built  in  the  barony  since  Cromwell's  time,  ruled  it 
and  him  and  their  children  for  some  seventy  years  or  more. 

The  O'Donoghue  Dhuvs  seem  to  be  extinct,  for  I  never  met 
any  one  who  had  ever  known  of  any  of  them.  Mr.  McCartie, 
of  Headfort,  near  Glanflesk,  who  is  descended  from  two  sets 
of  O'Donoghues,  tells  me  that  his  father,  who  was  born  in  1786, 
knew  in  his  boyhood  a  very  aged  Mr.  Geoffrey  O'Donoghue, 
an  old  bachelor,  who  was  remarkable  for  his  knowledge  of 
Irish  poetry,  and  who  was  supposed  to  be  the  last  O'Donoghue 
Dhuv.  Maur-ni-Dhuiv  had  a  brother  Geofifrey,  but  no  one 
knows  if  he  were  this  old  gentleman  or  a  namesake.  Maur- 
ni-Dhuiv' s  own  descendants,  however,  are  as  plentiful  as 
leaves  in  Vallombrosa. 

The  present  owner  of  Darrynane  is  an  architect,  and  he 
pointed  out  to  me  the  original  plan  of  the  quaint  old  grange, 
modernized  and  added  to  almost  beyond  recognition.  It 
must  have  resembled  the  House  of  the  Seven  Gables.  It 
resolutely  turned  its  back  on  sea  and  sunshine,  and  looked 
into  a  walled  courtyard  planted  with  trees.  It  had  dark 
parlours  with  deep  wainscoted  window-seats  at  either  side 
of  the  hall-door.  It  was  three  stories  high,  and  had  gables 
and  dormer  windows  in  the  roof.  Out-offices  formed  one 
wing  abutting  on  the  courtyard,  and  there  were  kitchens  and 
servants'  quarters  at  the  back.  A  bridle-road  ran  along  out- 
side the  courtyard  wall,  and  a  beautiful  garden  lay  beyond, 
where  a  mulberry  tree,  erroneously  said  to  have  been  planted 
by  the  old  monks,  still  exists.  Old  people  say  the  flower 
borders  produced  such  lovely  polyanthuses,  like  gold  lace  on 
dark  velvet,  that  the  servants  used  to  call  a  neighbouring 
lady,  who  was  very  handsome  and  dressy,  "  Polyanthus," 
after  the  flowers.  Bees,  seldom  seen  in  the  mountain  region, 
thrive  there  too. 

The  O'Connells  of  Darrynane  were  prosperous  people, 
though  their  affluence  consisted  rather  of  flocks  and  herds 
and  merchandise  than  of  hard  cash.  The  small  mountain 
tenants  mostly  paid  their  rent  in  labour  or  in  kind.  Little 
money  changed  hands,  unless  on  special  occasions.  Strap- 
ping "boys,"  sturdy  girls,  and  hardy  "  garrons  "  (the  strong 


Old  Irish  Life  at  Home.  9 

little    mountain    horses)    could    give   work    instead    of    the 
rent. 

This  patriarchal  system  of  living,  with  its  rude  plenty, 
rendered  large  families  less  burdensome  than  elsewhere. 
Of  the  enormous  progeny  of  twenty-two  children  born  to 
Donal  Mor  and  Maur-ni-Dhuiv,  four  sons  and  eight  daughters 
grew  up.     Mr.  O'Connell  gives  me  the  following  details : — 

"  Miss  Julianna,  eldest  surviving  member  of  all  the 
O'Connell  'gens,'  says  only  eight  of  Hunting  Cap's  sisters 
married.  Their  names  in  order  of  seniority  are  as  follows. 
She  is  not  sure  if  Honora  or  Joan  was  the  elder;  they 
were  the  third  and  fourth  at  all  events : — 

"1.  Elizabeth  m.  Tim  McCarthy,  of  Ochtermony,  before 
1744. 

"  2.  Alice  m.  John  Segerson/  Ballinskelligs  Manor,  about 
1750. 

J  Honora  m.  Morty  O'Sullivan,  of  Couliagh,  1751. 
'   (^  Joan  m.  Chas.  Sughrue,  of  Fermoyle,  in  1744. 

"5.  Mary  m.  James  Baldwin,  of  Clohina,  1762. 

"6.  Eileen  m.  (1)  Mr.  O'Connor,  of  Firies;    (2)  Arthur 
O'Leary  the  Outlaw,  1768. 

"7.  Abigail  m.  Major  O'Sullivan,  1766. 

*'  8.  Nancy  m.  Maurice  Geoffrey  O'Connell,  August,  1773. 

"Elizabeth  and  Alice  were  both  older  than  any  of  their 
brothers.     Their  settlements  are  here." — [D.  O'C] 

John,  the  eldest  son,  died  young,  and  for  many  years  the 
working,  organizing,  practical  head  of  the  family  was  the  next 
brother,  Maurice,  who  lived  to  be  ninety-seven,  and  only  died 
in  February,  1825. 

Daniel  O'Connell  was  a  big,  handsome,  jovial,  kindly  man, 
amiable,  as  big,  handsome  men  generally  are,  and  no  ex- 
ception to  the  rule  by  which  they  seem  to  like  being  more  or 
less  dominated  by  small,  fair  wives.  He  was  liked  by  his 
neighbours  and  idolized  by  his  children.  His  son  Maurice, 
who  was  a  man  of  great  natural  capacity  and  well  educated, 
worked  up  the  family  to  a  high  social  position,  and,  childless 
himself,  was  as   a   father   to  his  young   kindred.     He  was 

^  This  name  is  written  Segerson  and  Sigprson  ;  even  in  Domesday  Bonk 
we  tind  Filius  Sigari  and  Filius  Segari,  dating  from  Edward  the  Confessor, 


10  The  Last   Colonel  of  the  Irish  Brigade. 

always  most  devoted  to  the  clever,  keen-witted  mother  from 
whom  he  derived  so  much  of  his  practical  shrewdness. 

Maur-ni-Dhuiv  was  small,  slight,  fair,  and  active,  though 
the  mother  of  sons  remarkable  for  height  as  well  as  good 
looks.  Though  she  was  a  blonde,  her  eyes  were  not  blue, 
but  bright  hazel.  The  Liberator  told  a  great-granddaughter 
of  hers,  when  a  little  child,  that  she  had  Maur-ni-Dhuiv's 
very  eyes.  I  hapiDen  to  know  this  lady  as  a  mature  but  still 
handsome  matron,  and  she  has  very  sweet  and  expressive 
light-brown  eyes  verging  on  hazel,  like  Longfellow's  descrip- 
tion of  the  lady  in  "  Hyperion  " — "  of  the  colour  of  the  brown 
depths  of  mountain  streams."  That  shrewd  and  close 
observer,  Oliver  Wendell  Holmes,  calls  fair-haired,  fair- 
skinned,  hazel-eyed  women  "blondes  of  the  leonine  type," 
and  says  they  are  usually  among  the  most  energetic  beings 
in  creation.  This  old-world  Kerry  gentlewoman  certainly 
bore  out  his  theory. 

Her  enormous  family  and  her  large  household  did  not 
overtax  her  energies.  True,  each  child  which  survived  of 
the  twenty-two  was  sent  out  to  a  tenant's  wife  to  be  nursed ; 
but  then  it  came  back  in  due  time,  and  there  were  its  feeding, 
training,  and  clothing  to  be  seen  to.  In  these  remote  places 
every  article  of  common  use  had  to  be  prepared.  The  corn 
was  threshed  with  flails,  winnowed  by  hand  on  the  winnow- 
ing-crag,  ground  in  the  quern,  and  made  into  various  sorts 
of  bread — fine  white  cakes  for  the  family;  "brack  bread" 
{i.e.  "breac,"  speckled  or  spotted  cakes)  of  whole  meal, 
baked  on  the  griddle,  for  servants'  use.  The  flax  and  the 
wool  were  carded  and  spun.  Pumps  being  unknown,  the 
servant-girls  had  to  carry  all  the  water  from  wells  ;  turf  had 
to  be  cut,  saved,  and  carried  in.  Besides  our  modern 
picklings  and  preservings,  there  were  wholesale  slaughterings 
and  saltings  of  beeves  in  autumn,  salting  of  hides,  candle- 
makings  of  the  fat.  Every  labourer  used  to  get  a  salted 
hide  to  make  two  pairs  of  brogues.  Add  to  this  the 
ordinary  toils  of  the  laundry,  the  dairy,  the  kitchen,  and 
the  stable,  and  you  get  some  idea  of  the  gangs  of  people 
an  old-fashioned  Irish  lady  had  to  rule  over.  What  Count 
O'Connell,  in  later   letters,   jestingly  terms  "the  multitude 


Old  Irish  Life  at  Home.  11 

of   our    followers    and   our   fosterers,"  bad   to   be    added  to 
these. 

This  most  notable  dame  was  a  famous  Irish  improvisa- 
trice,  and  frequently  commanded  her  forces  in  rhyme.  One 
verse  of  her  spinning-song  is  yet  remembered  in  her  home. 
The  lady  is  setting  the  spinners  to  work  after  their  dinner, 
and  the  verse  may  be  roughly  rendered — 

"Now  hasten,  ye  women, 
You  want  not  for  bread  ; 
The  good  wheels  are  steady  ; 
Go,  spin  the  fine  thread." 

In  Irish  the  verse  runs  as  follows  : — 

Cd.old)3  4.  Tt)<i^. 
2t)T)d  3dt)  oc\Kuy 
21'P  -cuixditji)  )-ocdj|te. 

Sergeant  Michael  O'Connor,  late  R.I.C.,  an  "Irishian,"^ 
to  whom  I  am  much  indebted,  procured  for  me  the  following 
rhymed  dialogue^  between  the  strong-minded  mistress  of 
Darrynane  and  a  tenant.  He  remembered  it  since  his 
boyhood  : — 

2t)d)|\'  T)j  <bu)b  Y  ^  Tetj^tjoOjTDe 

2t).  Cjted-D  d)|i  -cufA? 
T.  Ud  4)t\officd]tdbdn,  <x  bedt)  ud-pdjll 

2t).  )r  n]S)t  dt)  -pejitn  irm 
T,<x  co)x  dTTid  i-)0)-dnn, 

)X  T.d  cojr  ^tT}d  'tjdll  dr)T), 

Td  d  li-d5dj-6  lejf  d  r)-3^&J^ 
'S  <i  ciil  lejx  ^t)  )-joc. 

v.  Td  -cu-pd  30  ttidjt;  cuni  j  tTiold"6 

2lc-o  -cdHtiTe  cotti-ttidj-c  cuni  j  cdj^ed-o 
Ud  Ji*  d3djtr])-e  r}d  cuj)*  d  cdjt)T:e 
Td  buj)-3e  'n  dld]i,  Y  ^^  bdTD  'tjd  bot)t) 
Td  d  cul  lejf  d  T)-3i\ejr) 
'S  <x  \]-d^drD  lejx  -^n  TJoc 

"Cd   dt)    CJO)-   ]lO    d|l"D 

'S  ■dt]  "coitd-D  |io  loni 

'S  T))  Terjr>j|i  l)Ofri  "c-jol  ledr  d^^. 

^  A  name  given  in  Munster  to  one  knowing  the  Irish-Gaelic  language. 
''  The  Irish  has  been  revised  by  Mr.  Fleming,  the  distinguished  Irish 
scholar. 


12         The  Last  Colonel  of  the  Irish  Brigade. 

Mr.  0' Sullivan,  Maylor  Street,  Cork,  kindly  wrote  down 
the  dialogue,  and  rendered  it  thus — 

Lady.     '' '  Where  are  you  from  ? " 

Tenant.     "From  Dromcaravan,*  madam." 

Lady.     "  That  is  a  good  farm. 
You  have  a  riverside  below, 
And  you  have  a  riverside  along  it ; 
It  faces  the  sun,  and  has  its  back  to  the  snow." 

Tenant.     "You  are  well  able  to  praise  it,  but  I  can  dispraise  it  just  as 
well. 
There  is  a  quagmire  at  its  foot, 
And  a  brake  in  the  centre  ; 

It  is  exposed  to  the  snow,  and  it  turns  its  back  to  the  sun. 
The  rent  is  very  high,  and  the  produce  rather  stinted, 
Which  causes  me  to  be  far  short  of  the  rent." 

The  point  of  the  dialogue  is  the  rhymed  inverted  meanings 
of  words  very  similar  in  sound  and  termination. 

"Go  to  your  spinners  "  was  a  favourite  reproach  of 
eighteenth-century  husbands  in  Munster,  if  they  thought 
wives  took  too  much  on  themselves.  But  the  mistress  of 
Darrynane  had  an  eye  to  the  tenants  too.  I  quote  these 
quaint  rhymes  and  trivial  details  because  a  mother  is  gene- 
rally supposed  to  have  much  influence  over  her  sons,  and 
here  is  a  very  interesting  case  of  strongly  marked  heredity, 
a  woman  of  the  most  remarkable  energy  and  capacity  in  her 
own  sphere,  the  perfectly  legitimate  woman's  kingdom  of 
home,  bearing  a  son  who,  by  the  same  qualities  of  indomitable 
energy  and  perseverance,  added  to  the  natural  and  common 
manly  quality  of  pluck,  achieves  distinction  abroad. 

Even  at  the  risk  of  prolixity,  I  must  keep  my  hero  wait- 
ing somewhat  longer,  while  I  briefly  describe  the  marryings 
and  buryings  which  went  on  before  he  was  out  of  petticoats. 

This  is  essentially  a  study  of  Irish  life,  and  chance  has 

^  It  has  always  been  a  tradition  that  the  O'Donoghue  Dhuvs  lived  at 
Droumcarbin,  but  no  ruins  of  the  house  now  remain.  A  comfortable 
farmhouse  stands  close  to  the  field  shown  as  the  site  of  the  O'Donoghue 
dwelling.  This  farmhouse  faces  about  north-east,  has  mountains  very 
near  at  the  back,  and  a  river  flows  beneath.  This  must  be  the  Drom- 
caravan  of  the  dialogue — Druncarvan  spelt  in  Irish  with  hh  for  v.  When  a 
fortune  was  not  paid  off  at  once,  it  was  customary  to  assign  rents  of  certain 
farms,  so  that  would  bring  Maur-ni-Dhuiv  into  direct  contact  with  heW 
brother's  tenant.  Her  niece,  Mrs.  McCartie,  of  Churchill,  is  called  Joan 
O'Donoghue, of  Droumcarbin,  that  being  the  Englisli  form  of  Lhvuiai  rublian. 


Old  Irish  Life  at  Home.  13 

opened  a  rich  find  of  materials.  In  old  Maurice  O'Connell's 
secretaire,  brass-handled  and  many-drawered,  the  present 
owner  of  Darrynane  has  found  a  great  bundle  of  letters, 
several  of  them  in  the  delicate  Italian  hand  of  the  young 
•widow  of  Maur-ni-Dhuiv's  eldest  son.  Now,  in  the  hundreds 
of  papers  that  have  passed  through  my  hands,  I  have 
never  seen  so  many  letters  by  a  woman.  She  and  her  child, 
who  was  only  four  or  five  years  younger  than  her  uncle 
Daniel,  figure  constantly  in  my  hero's  letters.  Oddly  enough, 
one  was  found  the  other  day  in  which  he  mentions  the 
death  of  "  our  poor  niece  Abigail,"  who  in  her  babyhood 
was  so  spoilt  and  petted  by  her  uncles  that  her  mamma  had 
to  complain  to  them.  Let  the  military  student  skip  this 
chapter,  but  let  him  who  believes  that  "  the  proper  study  of 
mankind  is  man  "  peruse  these  old-world  epistles,  where  the 
inner  life  of  Catholics  in  penal  days  is  depicted  by  themselves. 

I  visited  Darrynane  in  the  lovely  spring-time  of  1890,  when 
the  woods  were  blue  with  wild  hyacinths  and  the  hillsides 
golden  with  gorse.  My  coming  had  stimulated  my  host  and 
fellow-worker,  Daniel  O'Connell,  of  Darrynane,  to  fresh  rum- 
magings for  documents  ;  and  he  made  the  aforesaid  precious 
find  of  early  eighteenth-century  letters. 

Two  young  nephews  of  his  great-great-grandfather  and 
namesake  write  from  France,  where  Maurice  seems  to  have 
been  soldiering  and  Morgan  studying  for  the  Church.  They 
were  first  cousins  to  each  other  and  to  the  young  men  at 
Darrynane.  Writing  to  John,  the  eldest,  they  talk  of  the 
kindness  of  his  parents  to  theirs.  Maurice  O'Connell  writes 
from  Paris,  May  9,  1744 — 

"This  help  from  your  father  argues  full  well  how  truly 
sincere  a  relation  he  is,  and  confirms  me  in  the  favourable 
ideas  I  always  conceived  of  him,  viz.  of  being  the  only  [man] 
of  my  name,  as  aught  I  know,  who  in  his  good  intentions 
is  more  really  sincere  and  constant.  It  is  true  he  alone  is 
blessed  with  a  happy  companion,  who,  far  from  barring 
his  good  dispositions,  spurs  him  on,  if  ever  he  fails,  and 
generously  herself  his  place  supplies." 

The  previous  month  the  young  student,  Morgan  O'Connell, 
■writes  to  his  cousin  Jack — 

*'  I  cannot  set  a  sufficient  value  upon  your  Father's  Good 


14         The  Last   Colonel  of  the  Irish  Brigade. 

Nature  and  Kindness,  of  which  that  bill  [for  £3]  is  not  the 
first  mark  He  gave  me.  I  shall  not  be  wanting  in  thanks 
and  good  Inclinations  to  Him  till  it  pleases  God  to  put  me 
in  a  capacity  of  showing  my  gratitude  otherwise,  which,  if 
it  should  never  happen,  I  hope  he'll  take  the  will  for  the 
deed.  You  are  good  enough  to  think  £3  a  Trifle ;  but  for 
my  part  (tho'  it  be  small  in  comparison  with  Many  Calls  I 
have  for  it)  I  look  upon  it  as  a  great  Matter,  when  I  con- 
sider how  rare  it  is  to  find  a  man  in  that  country  who  would 
be  as  mindful  of  an  absent  friend  as  your  family  is  of  me, 
without  any  obligations  thereto  but  the  Motions  of  Him 
who  is  the  Inspirer  of  good  thoughts  and  the  great  Remune- 
rator  of  good  Dispositions.  You  say  he  has  already  ten 
children,  and  all  but  two  a  Dead  Charge.  By  speaking  thus 
you  seem  to  misapprehend  the  Blessings  of  Heaven  for 
Misfortunes,  for  a  Numerous  Issue  has  been  ever  looked  upon 
as  one  of  the  greatest  Blessings  of  the  married  state,  especially 
when  Providence  has  furnished  the  parents  with  a  competent 
share  of  wealth  for  the  subsistence  of  their  children." 

The  future  divine  proceeds  to  wish  Donal  Mor  and  Maur- 
ni-Dhuiv  "  had  fifteen  times  the  number,  upon  condition  they 
were  as  well  able  to  do  for  them  as  for  their  present  charge  ; 
and  so  please  God,  if  it  be  His  will,  to  add  every  year  one 
to  the  number  of  your  father's  children,  with  a  child's  portion 
of  his  worldly  inheritance." 

I  found  an  amusing  letter  descriptive  of  the  mighty  fuss 
my  Lord  Kenmare's  advent  created  at  Killarney,  and  treat- 
ing of  things  in  general  in  that  more  civilized  district.  As  it 
amused  me,  I  will  give  my  reader  the  benefit  of  it. 

Of  the  twenty-two  children  of  Maur-ni-Dhuiv  and  Donal 
Mor,  nine  must  have  died  in  infancy  or  early  childhood.  My 
hero  and  two  sisters  were  born  in  1745  and  ensuing  years. 
Two  of  the  elder  daughters  of  the  house  were  already  married, 
for  the  student  says,  "  I  am  glad  your  sister  is  married  to  Mr. 
Sughrue,  for  I  believe  her  well  off."  And  in  sending  his 
formal  budget  of  greetings  desires  his  love  "  to  your  sister 
MacCarthy."  John  and  Maurice  O'Connell  were  near  in  age, 
and  among  the  elders  of  the  surviving  thirteen  children. 
Morgan,  the  Liberator's  father,  was  the  third  son.  Connell 
was  much  younger  than  they,  but  somewhat  older  than 
Daniel  Charles,  my  hero.  The  two  younger  lads  strikingly 
resembled  each  other,  and  were  very  handsome.  All  were 
fine,  tall  men,  considerably  above  the  average  stature. 


Old  Irish  Life  at  Home.  15 

I  have  never  heard  but  two  anecdotes  of  my  hero's  child- 
hood, and  have  no  precise  information  as  to  his  early  education. 
All  the  brothers  seem  to  have  been  conversant  with  French 
and  Latin.  These  acquirements  they  probably  imbibed  from 
Father  Grady,  a  foreign-bred  priest,  whose  head-quarters 
were  at  Darrynane,  and  whose  piety,  simplicity,  and  queer 
sayings,  in  very  defective  English,  are  still  remembered.  The 
eldest  brother,  John,  was  most  kind  and  warm-hearted,  and, 
according  to  a  formal  letter  of  counsel  to  his  younger  brother 
Maurice,  had  imparted  to  him  the  first  elements  of  knowledge. 
The  old  letters  mention  "pushing  masters" — no  doubt  a 
species  of  "  grinder  " — besides  the  hedge  schoolmaster. 

My  hero,  according  to  his  own  sworn  declaration,  was 
born  on  May  21,  1745  ;  but,  oddly  enough,  his  mother  seems 
to  have  forgotten  the  date,  and  for  years  he  was  supposed  to 
have  been  born  two  years  later. 

He  was  only  three  years  and  a  half  old  when  Maurice,  his 
lifelong  correspondent,  went  to  school  at  Cork.  The  first 
letter  addressed  by  John,  the  eldest  brother,  to  Maurice,  and 
Maurice's  reply,  are  so  quaint  that  I  shall  append  them.  John 
wrote  a  small  legible  Italian  hand,  almost  like  a  foreign 
lady's.  Maurice's  is  as  large  as  a  modern  British  hand, 
rather  round  in  boyhood,  and  becoming  taller  and  much  more 
angular  than  most  eighteenth-century  writing  as  he  advanced 
in  life. 

I  cannot  find  any  letters  about  John's  marriage;  so  I  infer 
that  Maurice  may  have  been  present  at  it.  It  took  place  in 
January,  1748,  according  to  Maurice's  own  statement. 

I  shall  now  give  an  amusing  letter  to  John  from  his 
kinsman  Mahony,  of  Dunloe. 

John  Mahony,  of  Dunloe,  to  John  O'Connell. 

Dunloe,  March  9,   1750. 
Dk.  Jack, — I  am   much   obliged   to   your   Father   for  y° 
kind  present  of  fish.     There  was  but  one  Salmon  taken  here 
that  I  know  of  since  Xmas. 

Our  minds  are  all  taken  up  here  with  y®  coming  of  Lord 
Kenmare  and  his  Gang.  They  were  expected  last  Thursday. 
A  great  Deal  of  Whiteboys  and  Girls,  and  all  y*"  inhabitants 
in  and  about  Killarney,  in  their  Best  Array,  ready  to  meet 


16         The  Last  Colonel  of  the  Irish  Brigade. 

him,  when  an  account  came  that  he  would  not  come  this 
Fortnight  I  believe  he  intends  surprizing  us  to  avoid  any 
Frolic  or  extraordinary  Cavalcade.  I  can't  tell  you  with 
any  Certainty  any  thing  about  Dr.  Crosbie,  and  heard  Lord 
Shelbourne  starts  some  new  obstacles  against  renewing,  some 
think  by  the  instigation  of  Geoffrey  Maurice.  However,  Cros- 
bie is  pushing  on  his  suit  with  vigor.  It  will  soon  come  to 
a  Hearing.  Doubtless  he  knows  no  more  of  it  as  yet.  Sister 
Lawlor  got  a  young  son  last  Wednesday.  He  is  not  much 
bigger  than  a  Eabbit.  I  hear  she  has  been  very  weak  since, 
but  I  hope  will  soon  get  y*^  better  of  it.  I  have  been  in  Corke 
for  3  weeks  in  last  month,  where  the  People  were  highly 
entertained  with  a  Turk,  who  danced  and  sang,  and  did  the 
most  surprizing  equilibres  on  a  wire  hung  across  the  stage 
in  the  playhouse.  'Twould  take  up  too  much  time  to  tell 
you  y*^  particulars.  Our  Assizes  here  is  the  8th  of  April,  in 
Limerick  and  on  here.  The  Judges  Hassett  and  Dawson. 
Friends  at  Faha  and  y^  Point  are  well.  There  are  a  great 
many  Candidates  putting  up  for  Grenagh.  Nobody  knows 
here  yet  who'l  have  it.  My  Bror.  Jerry  intends  for  Corke 
abt.  the  later  end  of  this  month  to  take  Ship.  I  shall  get 
as  far  as  Corke  and  .  .  .  Good  Family  at  Darinane. 

I  am  yrs.  affectly., 

John  Mahony. 

John  O'Connell,  of  Darrynane,  to  ]us  brother  Maurice. 

Darrinane,  January  4,  1748, 

Dear  Maurice, — I  lay  hold  of  this  oppertunity  to  open  a 
correspondance  with  you,  which,  as  this  is  its  commencement, 
we  may  date  from  Christmas,  1747.  To  obviate  y''  first 
curiosity,  I  am  to  inform  you  that  all  friends  are,  God  be 
praised,  well,  and  that  nothhag  new  has  happened  here  since 
y''  departure.  We  have  had  a  Merry  New  Year  ;  doubt  not 
but  you  had  the  same,  and  hope  We  shall  all  see  many 
happy  ones.  I  am  now  to  ask  how  you  spend  your  time,  and 
give  me  a  just  account.  I  shall  then  be  able  to  Judge  of  y"^ 
taste  in  y*"  disposal  of  y'^  fleeting  days.  I  believe  you  some- 
times sit  to  rescribe  the  book  I  gave  you ;  and,  whenever  you 
doe,  be  certain  to  refer  to  the  sphere  in  y*"  geography,  to 
reckon  thereby  the  definitions  of  y^  book  to  yourself.  Question- 
less you  sometimes  goe  to  the  Change  to  observe  y°  Custums 
there,  and  you  probably  Now  and  then  visit  y*"  Coffee  Houses 
to  read  y'"  News  and  see  y''  various  modes  of  address  and 
beheaviour.  In  the  Course  of  y'  Remarks,  I  fancy  you'll 
own  y*  a  cheerful  Mien,  an  easy,  free  deportment,  and  a 
courteous,   affable  beheaviour  is  y''  most  graceful  and  most 


Old  Irish  Life  at  Home.  17 

recommending  [manner]  Man  can  conduckt  himself  in ; 
the  three  means  [of]  improvement  a  Man  has  are  writing, 
reflection  on  what  is  heard,  and  read[ing].  And  in  these 
Methods  the  great  art  is  to  select  and  glean  out  what's 
good,  and  leave  y°  bad  behind.  Y°  Choice  of  Company- 
is  one  of  y*^  most  essential  things  for  youth,  and  which  they 
ought  to  be  very  nice  in,  for  external  appearances  often,  too 
often,  deceive  us  ;  and  which  may  at  first  seem  to  have  no 
impression  on  us,  will  in  Course  of  time  get  deep  into  us,  if 
Wee  don't  speedily  see  into,  and  when  y®  evil  communication 
[is]  y*'  [that]  sets  us  the  evil  example.  Young  Company  is  the 
most  dangerous,  and  consequently  the  most  to  be  taken  care 
off;  y*^  is,  a  man  must  be  cautious  in  imbibing  none  of  y*^ 
criminal  qualifications  w^''  young  men  are  frequently  infected 
with,  and  which  they  mistake  for  gallantry  and  high  breed- 
ing, it  being,  indeed,  y''  lowest  and  most  servile ;  and  y® 
best  caution  a  man  can  keep  is  to  use  this  kind  of  loose, 
idle  Company  very  sparingly,  and  never  at  unseasonable 
hours.  It  must  at  y''  same  time  be  confessed  y*^  [that]  if 
a  man  looks  out  he'll  meet  several  young  men  whose  minds 
are  sound,  and  conversation  improving  and  gay ;  and  these 
are  such  as  I  should  like. 

Please  my  compliments  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Conway,  and 
kind  service  to  Doctor  Connell,  who,  I  presume,  is  friendly 
to  you.  Join  to  it  my  Father  and  Mother's  Blessing,  and 
y^  kind  remembrance  of  y^  other  Friends. 

D''  Maurice, 

y  most  affect.  Bro., 

John  Connell. 

P.S. — Pray  is  Cornelius  Connell  gone  yet? 

The  hoy  Maurice  [Hunting  Cap]  to  his  brother  John. 

Corke,  February  ye  3d,  1748. 

Dr.  Brother, — I  received  Yours  Dated  the  18th  Ult., 
wherein  you  charge  me  with  being  doubly  in  y""  Debt.  I've, 
In  Answer  to  y''  former,  wrote  to  Owen  MacCarthy,  to  w''"'  I 
refer  you,  and  shall  use  my  utmost  Efforts  to  adhere  to  y* 
rules  of  Bebeaviour  laid  down  in  both.  I  send  y*"  Hat,  w''*' 
I  wish  may  be  agreable,  and  have  traversed  y*'  whole  City 
(to  no  purpose)  for  a  '  Directorium  ad  Canonicas  horas.' 
You'll  please  to  tell  my  Mother  I  chuse  a  riding  Coat,  w"" 
pray  may  be  sent  off  by  y^  first  opportunity.  I  am  infinitely 
obliged  for  y*"  repeated  presents  and  Admonitions,  and  Do  pray 
you'll  Continue  the  Latter.  With  regard  to  y^  Cash  for 
Coats,  my  father  ordered  I  should  pay  5.s.  5rf.  for  shoes,  and 
remainder  I  kept,  being  all  he  was  pleased  to  leave  me.     \ 

VOL.  I.  c 


18         The.  Last  Colonel  of  the  Irish  Brigade. 

have  this  day  agreed  with  a  pushing  Master,  tv°''  I  hope  won't  be 
Disagreable  to  him.    Dr.  Connell  is  in  no  shape  friendly  to  me. 
I  am,  with  duty  to  my  Mother,  and  compliments  to  all 
friends, 

y  Very  Affectionate  Brother, 

Maurice  Connell. 
P.S. — I  have  y''  Breeches  by  my  Uncle  Maurice's  people. 

In  January,  1748,  John  married  Mary  Falvey,  of  Faha,  a 
young  lady  of  very  ancient  family.  I  spent  a  day  at  Faha, 
and  beheld,  in  the  modern  house,  hoards  of  the  loveliest  old 
Indian  china,  which  probably  belonged  to  Mary's  mother.  I 
append  to  this  chapter  some  account  of  the  family,^  as  it 
is  specially  typical  of  some  phases  of  old  Irish  life ;  and  I 
heard  a  good  deal  of  it  from  a  follower  of  theirs,  whose  father 
rented  the  old  house  of  Faha  when  the  family  ceased  to 
reside  there.  Sergeant  Michael  O'Connor  procured  for  me 
the  "  Poor  Scholar's  Blessing  "^  to  Mary  Falvey's  sister-in-law. 
I  heard  him  recite  a  considerable  portion  of  it. 

I  am  sorry  not  to  have  found  the  wedding  letters. 

In  a  letter  of  March,  1748,  John  O'Connell  begins,  in  the 
style  of  the  period,  by  expressing  his  edification  at  the 
manner  in  which  the  younger  brother  proportions  his  time 
between  the  school,  recreation,  and  reading.  He  congratu- 
lates him  on  the  opportunity  of  forming  his  manners  and 
improving  his  mind.  He  discourses  in  the  same  strain  on 
the  advantages  of  different  branches  of  education,  casually 
remarking,  "  I  gave  you  the  little  taste  I  could  of  y''  elements  of 
knowledge."  Then  follows  the  news  of  the  country-side.  The 
good-natured  elder  brother  then  says,  "My  Mother  sends  you 
the  riding  coat,  and  the  enclosed  note  to  Mr.  Conway  will 
prevail  with  him  to  buy  you  the  trimmings,  and  pay  y®  Taylor. 
[I  fancy  it  was  cloth  to  make  the  coat.]  I  have  ventured  in  it 
to  order  Velvet,  tho'  I  shall  be  one  time  or  another  rattled  for 
it."  The  postscript  says,  "  We  have  got  a  pushing  Master,  Mr. 
McCarthy  ;  of  whom  do  y^  learn,  and  what  does  it  cost  you  ?  " 

"Pushing  master"  was  the  old  phrase  for  "grinder,"  or 
"  coach."     Besides  grinders  in  towns,  peripatetic  sages  lived 

1  See  Note  D,  p.  53. 
'^  See  Note  E,  p.  57. 


Old  Irish  Life  at  Home.  19 

about  in  the  gentlemen's  houses,  tarrying  a  few  months  here 
and  there,  working  up  pupils  who  had  had  the  hedge  school- 
master and  the  old  foreign-bred  priest  to  teach  the  "elements." 

A  third  sister  was  then  married,  as  John  mentions,  in 
March,  1748  (same  letter),  that  brother  Segerson  was  likely 
to  get  a  good  quantum  meritus  in  the  shape  of  salvage,  he 
and  his  father  having  saved  a  Dutchman,  laden  with  butter, 
which  stranded  in  Ballinskelligs  Bay. 

In  June  Maurice  returns.     John  writes — 

Darrynane,  May  29,  1748. 

Dear  Maurice, — I  send  you  my  horse  and  furniture  to  bring 
you  home.  The  pannels  of  the  Saddle  want  stuffing,  which 
you  will  get  done,  else  the  horse's  back  will  suffer.  I  also 
send  you  my  Stock  Buckle,  with  one  of  its  Buttons,  which  got 
loose,  and  which  you'll  get  fastened  by  a  Silver  Smith.  I 
assure  you  I  am  quite  void  of  Cash  at  present,  or  w*^  send  you 
some.  Father  Grady  greets  you,  and  sends  you  by  Bearer 
4s.  and  4d.,  for  which  he  pra.ys  you'll  buy  him  a  good  bridle, 
stirrup  leather,  and  a  leather  girt,  w*"^  don't  neglect.  [How 
relatively  cheap  leather  goods  must  have  been  in  those 
days  !  ]  I  am  told  your  Foster-father  sends  you  some  money, 
and  suppose  my  Father  likewise  orders  you  some.  If  so  you 
ought  to  buy  the  little  Conveniences  necessary  for  the  Country, 
as  Boots  and  spurs  and  a  whip,  etc.  There  is  Cloath  here, 
to  make  my  Father  and  you  Coats.  My  Mother  sends  money 
to  buy  the  under  particulars  [list  missing]  for  me,  which  you'll 
doe.  Bring  all  the  Current  News,  put  the  two  Letters  for 
Carlow  into  the  Post  Office.  You'll  strive  to  make  as  genteel 
an  Exit  as  you  can,  and  take  leave  of  y""  good  acquaintances 
and  friends,  and  in  y*"  journey  home  take  Care  of  y*"  horse  and 
things. 

I  am,  y""  truly  Affect.  Brother, 

John  Connell. 

My  compliments  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Conway  and  Mr.  Fuller. 

Every  spring  and  summer,  big  Daniel  O'Connell  and  one 
of  his  sons  went  to  the  Tralee  Assizes,  and  on  to  the  County 
Limerick  fairs,  buying  and  selling  great  droves  of  cattle, 
and  staying  at  friends'  houses.  On  these  occasions  John's 
wife  used  to  stay  with  her  family  during  her  husband's 
absence.     She  also  often  visited  them  at  other  times. 

There  are  two  pretty  letters  of  hers  in  March,  1748 — one 
to  "My  Dcare,"  the    other   to  "My   Deare   Life."     She   is 


20         The  Last  Colonel  of  the  Irhh  Brigade. 

longing  for  St.  Patrick's  Day,  when  he  will  come  to  her,  re- 
proaches him  for  not  having  been  more  impatient  to  come 
and  see  her,  who  esteems  him  above  all  the  world,  and  sends 
her  mamma's  thanks  for  a  present  of  oysters  and  scallops. 
Poor  John,  in  the  absence  of  Maurice,  had  doubtless  been  busy 
about  the  spring  tillage.  These  young  people  were  probably 
told  by  their  elders  to  marry,  but  they  seem  to  have  been 
truly  in  love  with  each  other. 

Maurice,  who  appears  so  unsympathetic  to  the  tender 
passion,  did  not  escape  scot-free  after  all.  The  venerable 
Miss  Julianna  O'Connell,  his  cousin,  who  kept  house  for  him 
in  her  youth  and  his  extreme  old  age,  tells  me  he  was  in  love 
with  a  member  of  the  Falvey  family,  but  sacrificed  inclination 
to  duty,  and  was  fond  of  telling  his  young  relatives  he  had 
done  so,  as  a  hint  to  them  to  do  likewise.  We  actually  find 
him,  a  year  after  his  visit  to  Cork,  employing  his  cousin,  Mr. 
Mahony,  of  Dunloe,  to  write  verses  for  him. 

James  Mahony,  of  Dunloe,  to  Maurice  O'Connell. 

Dunloe,  March  19,  1749. 

Dr.  Cousin,— I  had  the  pleasure  of  y"  of  the  17th,  w*"^  y" 
very  agreable  present  of  fish,  for  which  we  return  y"  a  great 
many  thanks.  I  am  very  glad  to  hear  of  y""  safe  return  from 
the  East.  I  believe  the  road,  for  more  reasons  than  one, 
seem'd  more  fatiguing  on  y^  Coming  back  than  when  I  had 
the  Satisfaction  of  travelling  w'^  y".  However,  I  hope  y"  heart 
as  well  as  all  other  parts  of  y'  Body,  is  yet  entire.  I  am  not 
unacquainted  with  Conflicts  of  this  Nature,  and  therefore  I 
am  the  better  qualified  to  prescribe  rules  upon  these  occasions, 
and  should  readily  do  it  for  y'  advantage,  if  I  was  not  fully 
satisfied  of  y""  own  Judgement  and  penetration  to  give  up  too 
much  to  that  Wily  and  Fascinating  Deity. 

ril  Draw  out  the  poem  you  require,  as  well  as  one  made 
on  this  place,  and  wish  they  may  help  to  amuse  you  in  a 
thoughtful  and  melancholy  hour,  absent  from  your  Dulcinea. 
If  any  mistakes  in  transcribing  them  occur  to  you,  I  begg 
y"  may  amend  'em,  for  I've  done  the  two  in  a  hurry.  As 
the  latter  is  in  some  Measure  a  Poetical  Panegyrick  on  us, 
I  should  hardly  trouble  you  with  it,  but  that  I  Imagine  the 
Flights  of  a  luxiriant  brain  which  so  apparently  present 
themselves  in  this  Poem,  might  not  be  to  you,  a  Votary  of 
Parnassus,  disagreable.  My  Brother  gives  y'^  all  his  kmd 
service,  to  whom  I  likewise  wish  all  imaginable  happmess ; 


Old  Irish  Lift  at  Home.  21 

and  whenever  y"  see  our  agreable  acquaintance  at  the  Fishery 
and  Tarmons,  I  beg  y"  may  make  my  best  Compliments  to- 
'em,  for  which  I  shall  acknowledge  myself, 

Dr.  Sr., 
Y'  Obliged  and  affect.  Kinsman  and  hble.  Sert., 

James  Mahony. 

Maurice  O'Connell,  in  after-years  the  most  practical  hard-^ 
headed  of  men,  who  devoted  his  life  to  amassing  wealth  for 
himself  and  managing  the  affairs  of  a  huge  connection  in 
so  far  as  their  easy-going,  unthrifty  ways  permitted,  appears 
here  as  a  love-lorn  swain,  and  in  the  next  letter  aS  an  in- 
dolent bookworm,  I  fancy  his  powers  had  no  scope  during 
this  period  of  his  life,  when  he  was  a  mere  subordinate  to 
father  and  brother,  and  that  it  was  when  he  got  real  prac- 
tical control  of  affairs  that  his  great  business  capacity 
developed  and  asserted  itself. 

"Babby,"^  doubtless  Barbara,  who  comes  on  a  visit,  must 
have  been  the  Dulcinea  of  the  previous  letter.  There  were 
three  families-  of  Falveys ;  so  if  she  were  not  Mary  Falvey's 
sister,  she  may  have  been  her  cousin. 

The  formal  installation  of  the  young  couple  at  Darrynane 
seems  to  have  been  deferred  till  the  fine  weather,  as  it  would 
have  been  most  difficult  and  disagreeable  for  a  lady  to  ride 
across  the  mountains  in  winter. 

Faha,  May  7,  1749. 
Deah  Brother, — We  arrived  last  night  from  traversing 
y''  County  of  Limerick,  where  at  different  ffairs  we  gott  93 
yearlings.  My  ffather  says  Molly  and  I  are  soon  to  goe 
home,  and  promises  to  send  you,  Tim  Carthy,  and  my  Uncle 
Geoffrey  for  us.  Y®  horse  y'  I  bought  will  be  able  to  carry 
Molly  and  you,  and  I'll  ride  whatever  you  bring;  but,  as 
Babby  goes,  my  ffather  promices  to  send  his  black  padd  for 
her,  w*^**  you'll  not  forget.  Bring  no  luggage  at  all,  as  you'll 
have  but  one  night's  delay,  and  y*^  all  y*"  Cloak  bags  will  be 
necessary  for  her  things  and  mine.  1  prayed  him  to  send 
a  man  and  horse  to  us  as  soon  as  he  gets  home  w"'  Tim 
Carthy's  Cloak  bag,  y*  we  may  send  off  some  of  our  Things 
directly,  w'^''  put  him  in  mind  of,  when  you  are  coming  you 
must  bring  either  my  Mare  or  y^  Bay  Horse  for  Molly's  maid 
to  ride.  See,  as  much  as  you  can,  y*  matters  be  well  pre- 
pared ;  and  I  hope  my  Mother  has  a  Cannister  of  green  Tea. 
Babby  and  y^  lads  may  possibly  stay  a  Month  ;  and  it  will 


22         The  Last  Colonel  of  the  Irish  Brigade. 

be  necessary  to  have  a  stock  of  flour,  flesh,  and  drink,  sat. 
sapienti. 

I  am  now  to  tell  you  that  my  ffather  has  in  our  travels 
comj)lained  of  you  to  me,  in  both  his  sober  and  drunken 
capacity.  He  says  y*  you  never  look  to  any  thing  if  you  are 
not  specially  commanded,  y*  you  doe  nothing  but  read  from 
morning  till  night,  nor  exercise  yourself  any  way.  He  says 
y*,  being  destined  for  neither  y*"  army  nor  sea,  you  know  you 
have  nothing  to  depend  on  but  industry  in  y*"  ffarming  way, 
and  therefore  is  dissatisfy'd  y*  you  don't  apply  to  learning 
some  Experience  on  those  things  while  you  have  youth  and 
leisure  ;  not  y*  he  w*^  at  all  disapprove  of  y""  reading  at  con- 
venient times,  but  now  y*  y*"  have  a  good  foundation  in  books, 
and  y*  you  are  grown  up,  he  is  provoked  at  y"^  being  a  mere 
recluse  and  earing  for  nothing  but  your  Room  and  Reading. 
I  argued  a  good  deal  with  him  on  y''  thing,  and  told  him  it  was 
happy  you  were  so  studious  in  acquiring  of  knowledge  and 
improving  y""  understanding  while  yet  disengaged  from  y^ 
Cares  of  Life ;  but,  to  speak  my  thought  to  you  freely,  I  am 
of  opinion  you  should  alter  y""  Methods  somewhat,  y*  you 
slid,  appear  more  assidious  in  y*^  affairs  of  my  ffather,  and 
learn  y''  Methods  of  y''  Country  w"'  regard  to  dry  and  dairy 
Cattle — how  got  and  disposed  off,  etc.,  etc. ;  how  y"  ground 
is  till'd  and  manag'd,  etc.,  etc.  I  begin  to  perceive  my  own 
mistake  in  not  seeing  into  those  things  more  than  I  did  while 
I  might,  and  j)robably  I  shall  perceive  it  more  and  more  by 
degrees.  You  can  read  at  Night  and  sometimes  by  day.  Goe  visit 
y^  workmen ;  goe  fish  of  a  fair  day  in  y'^  Boat ;  sometimes  ride 
and  see  y*^  herdsman  and  Cattle ;  see  Waste  grass,  and  corn, 
and  sometimes  Rush,  leap,  run,  play  ball,  etc.,  etc.  By  this 
you'll  inform  yourself,  you'll  doe  y*^  ffamily  a  service,  you'll 
exercise  yourself,  and,  w"''  is  more  than  all,  you'll  please  your 
ffather  thoroughly,  upon  whom  you  know  your  future  welfare 
depends,  and  whom  (believe  me)  you  can  not  otherwise  please. 

My  Duty  to  my  Mother,  and  love  to  y''  rest, 
I  am.  Dr.  Maurice, 

Y'  most  Affect.  Bror., 

John  Connell. 

The  next  letter  contains  a  comical  list  of  old-fashioned 
garments  which  Maurice  is  to  receive  by  messengers  from 
Faha,  and  stow  away.  Unhappily,  the  chest  is  locked,  so  we 
only  get  a  small  inventory — 

Faha,  June  4,  1749. 

Dr.  Bror., — I  have  the  pleasure  of  y^  of  the  1st  in  answer. 
y  fish  was  most  acceptable.     You  have  taken  y'"  hint  setting 


Old  Irish  Life  at  Home.  23 

things  to   right.     Mr.  McCarthy  is   gone,  sorrowful   News ! 

1  am  glad  my  precepts  with  regard  to  attending  to  Business 
have  weight  with  you.  Molly,  who  desires  her  love  to  you, 
has  made  y®  Ladyes  promise  to  pay  off  y""  kisses  with  interest 
when  they  see  you.  Whenever  you  come,  you'll  see  y'  she 
does.  .  .  . 

We  are  to  go  home  from  y°  ffair.  You  can  come  here 
some  days  beforehand,  if  you  have  a  mind  to  have  a  proper 
acquaintance  with  the  Ladyes. 

Here  follows  y°  Inventory  of  wh'  are  in  the  Portmanteaus, 
for  y*^  trunk  is  lock'd  and  consequently  secure.  In  y*^  large 
bag  are  my  white  Coat,  Waiscoat,  and  britches,  my  old  brown 
coat  and  blew  britches,  6  rufifled  shirts  and  6  stocks,  5  pair  of 
wove  silk,  thread,  cotton,  and  worsted  stockings,  and  a  silk 
gown  of  Molly's,  all  w'^'^  you'll  stow  handsomely  in  my  Chest. 
In  y^  small  bag  are  3  gowns,  a  dozen  shifts,  and  a  dozen 
Aprons,  all  wh^''  let  my  Mother  put  together  into  one  of  her 
Chests.      I  send  a  pair  of  Shoes  of  mine  in  the  fflap,  and 

2  brandes,  all  w*^'*  I  beg  and  pray  you  will  take  proper  care 
of,  and  put  out  of  y''  way  of  being  mislaid. 

I  am,  y''  most  affect.  Bror., 

Jno.  Connell. 
Just  going  to  Mass  in  haste. 
My  Eespects  to  ffather  Grady,  and  Service  to  the  Best. 

The  young  couple  lived  principally  at  Darrynane,  keeping 
a  maid  and  a  servant-boy,  probably  a  precursor  of  our 
"  buttons  "  of  to-day,  and  having  their  own  horses,  cattle,  etc. 
This  youth  was  not  only  clothed,  but  taught ;  and  John 
O'Connell's  account-book  shows  the  quaint  item — 

**  Paid  Jasper  Lisk,  the  School  Master,  for  teaching  my 
boy  to  read,  write,  and  siffre,  for  a  twelvemonth.  Is.  IcL" 

According  to  the  custom  of  the  time,  their  little  girl 
Abigail  was  nursed  out,  but  we  soon  see  her  mentioned  in 
the  letters.  She  seems  to  have  been  a  special  pet  of  her 
uncle  Maurice.  Some  disagreements  arose  about  land 
between  a  relative  of  his  and  Mary's  brothers,  in  which 
Maurice  took  his  kinsman's  side,  and  he  drew  up  a  statement 
of  the  life  and  conversation  of  the  family  with  Mary  Falvey. 
This  is  a  most  graphic  picture  of  old-world  life.  Boss 
0' Connell  found  fragments  of  the  narrative  at  Darrynane, 
and  the  old  letters  supply  the  rest. 

John  and  Mary  seem  to  have  truly  loved  each  other  ;  and, 


24         The  Last  Colonel  of  the  Irish  Brigade. 

though  left  a  widow  very  young,  she  never  married  again. 
She  was  expecting  the  birth  of  a  child  when  he  died  of  one 
tveek's  illness.  Maur-ni-Dhuiv's  grief  was  intense  when  her 
son  was  stricken.  She  besought  him  to  forsake  the  family 
burying-place  in  Cahirsiveen,  and  suffer  his  remains  to  be 
laid  in  the  Abbey  ruins  on  the  island,  where  she  could  often 
go  and  say  her  rosary  above  his  grave.  Yet  so  strong  was 
the  feeling  among  Irish-people  about  burial  in  family 
sepulchres,  that  he  refused  this  most  reasonable  request, 
saying,  "Kindred  ashes  love  to  mingle."^ 

When  the  poor  young  fellow  died,  the  mother's  grief  found 
a  vent  in  elaborate  funeral  rites  ;  but  she  shed  no  tears.  She 
sent  messengers  far  and  near,  bidding  friends  and  tenants  to 
the  wake  and  funeral,  and  recited  laments  over  him,  in  which 
it  was  customary  for  all  who  entered  the  death -chamber  to  join. 

A  relative's  wife,  Mrs.  Charles  Philip  O'Connell,  of  Eivers- 
town,  in  the  Glen,  near  Ballinabloun,  newly  settled  in  the 
wilds,  and  ignorant  of  this  primitive  usage,  fell  on  her  knees 
in  silent  prayer.  The  bereaved  mother  violently  reproached 
her  for  uttering  no  words  of  praise  and  sorrow  above  her 
dead.  She  clapped  her  hands,  and  called  out  in  Irish, 
"Where  are  the  dark  women  of  the  glens,  who  would  keen 
and  clap  their  hands,  and  would  not  say  a  prayer  until  he 
was  laid  in  the  grave  ?  " 

The  new-comer  excused  herself  by  stating  that  she  had 
spent  most  of  her  life  in  Cork,  where  no  keens  ^  were  recited, 
and  where  it  was  etiquette  to  pray  in  silence  around  the  dead. 

Maur-ni-Dhuiv  called  out  in  Irish,  "Do  foscail  an  Peadair 
me  !  "  i.e.  "  Your  prayer  has  opened  the  flood-gates  of  my 
heart !  "  And  the  pent-up  tears  gushed  forth,  as  if  the  lady's 
prayer  had  melted  the  stoical  pride  of  her  heart. 

The  young  widow  spent  a  good  deal  of  her  time  with  her 
husband's  parents,  and  her  little  Abby  was  as  a  daughter 
of  the  house.  By  local  tradition,  and  by  her  subsequent 
behaviour,  we  see  that  Mary  Falvey,  of  Faha,  was  a  high- 
spirited,  impetuous  woman,  yet,  living  with  her  people-in-law, 

1  Miss  Julianna  says  the  dying  man  repeated  a  Latin  line,  and  trans- 
lated it  thus  to  his  mother. 

2  In  Irish,  CdOPie.  "a  dirge.' 


Old  Irlsli  Life  at  Home,  "lb 

she  curbed  her  spirit,  and  charmed  them  by  her  "  prudent 
discretion  and  recommending  modesty."  This  young  creature 
coming  among  them  is  stated  to  have  inspired  «7?a^  ?  "Y*" 
tenderness  and  respect  due  to  y^  rank  she  held  in  y®  family." 
There  is  not  a  bit  of  warm  natural  feeling  in  Maurice's 
statement.  He  does  not  say  a  "word  of  any  real  human 
liking.  The  eldest  son's  wife,  the  mother  of  his  possible  son, 
was  to  be  tended  and  respected.  In  her  sorrow  and  loneliness 
she  wants  to  rush  off  home  to  her  own  mother ;  and  here  is 
the  youthful  sage — he  cannot  have  been  twenty-five  years  old 
— lecturing  her  on  Us  convenances.  Ladies  should  not  be  seen 
beyond  their  gates  so  soon  after  bereavement,  etc.  When 
nature  proves  too  strong  for  the  iron  bonds  of  eighteenth- 
century  etiquette,  he  puts  the  best  face  on  the  matter, 
solemnly  escorts  her  a  suitable  distance,  visits  her  at  her 
mother's,  sends 'to  inquire  after  her,  induces  her  to  come 
back  for  a  while,  and,  failing  to  prevail  on  her  to  remain  for 
the  birth  of  the  expected  heir,  rides  near  a  day's  journey 
with  her,  and  arranges  to  come  to  the  christening.  Hunting 
Cap  shall  tell  it  all  in  his  own  words,  w^orthy,  indeed,  of  Dr. 
Johnson.  "  Sister  Mary's "  letters,  scrupulously  preserved 
and  docketed  by  him,  fill  up  the  picture.  It  is  rare  to  find 
a  woman's  letters  among  the  hoards  in  old  houses.  Mary 
O'Connell,  born  Falvey,  writes  and  spells  well.  The  little 
girl,  Abigail,  after  her  grandmother  Falvey,  was  called  Abby 
when  she  grew  up.  As  a  little  toddler,  she  rejoiced  in  the 
hideous  appellation  of  Gobby,  short  for  Gobbinette,  the  Irish 
for  Abigail.     Maurice  wTites— 

"  Account  of  the  Death  of  my  poor  Brother,  with  the  subse- 
quent behaviour  of  his  Widow. 
"  My  brother,  John  O'Connell,  was  seized  with  stitches  of 
a  violent  pleurisy  on  the  2nd  day  of  May,  1751.  He  lan- 
guished therewith  till  y*  9th  under  y*^  most  intense  and 
grievous  pains,  and  y*^  8th  day  died  in  y*"  26tli  year  of  his  age. 
He  had  since  January,  1748,  been  married  to  Mary  Falvey, 
of  Faha,  the  eldest  daughter  of  John  Falvey.  This  lady 
brought  him  a  fortune  of  ^£300  stg.  They  had  hitherto 
resided  with  his  father  at  Darrinane,  where  Mrs.  O'Connell 
met  with  y*'  tenderness  and  respect  due  to  y"^  rank  she  held 
in  y"  family  from  every  individual  thereof.     Her  conduct  was 


26         Tlte  Last  Coloiiel  of  the  Irish  Brigade. 

hitherto  conformable  to  a  prudent  discretion  and  recom- 
mending modesty,  which,  added  to  y^  sense  of  respect  which 
was  universally  conceived  for  y"  place  she  enjoyed,  rendered 
y*^  family  quite  studious  to  oblige  her.  After  the  interment 
of  my  brother,  she  immediately  discovered  a  disposition  to 
accompany  her  brother  Hugh,  who  had  arrived  in  y®  family 
14  or  15  days  after  y*^  sad  occurrence,  to  Faha,  his  and  her 
mother's  habitation.  She  communicated  her  resolution  to 
me ;  to  which  I  replied  that  it  was  too  early  after  soe  severe 
a  shock  as  y*^  death  of  her  husband  to  undertake  so  long 
and  irksome  a  journey,  that  it  was  not  practised  by  persons 
in  her  condition  to  go  abroad  soe  early,  and  further  added 
that  y®  world  would  conclude  that  a  separation  soe  very 
sudden  must  have  jDroceeded  from  some  dissentions  be- 
tween her  and  her  husband's  friends,  as  it  tended  to  their 
mutual  .  .  . 

"  All  my  efforts  proved  vain.  She  set  out  with  her  Brother 
in  2  or  3  days  after,  and  carried  with  her  every  thing  belong- 
ing to  her,  a  circumstance  not  a  little  aggravating,  as  it  must 
have  confirmed  the  world,  as  I  before  observed,  in  the  opinion 
of  her  being  unfriendly  treated  by  the  family,  and  she  quitted 
'em  in  a  perfect  belief  of  her  intention  utterly  to  seperate 
from  'em,  and  forget  the  ties  which  had  formerly  subsisted 
between  'em. 

"  Notwithstanding  this  unkind,  and,  I  must  say,  unnatural 
proceeding,  and  the  manifest  disregard  of  my  sentiments,  I 
attended  her  to  Bannilians,  which  is  about  two  parts  of  the 
way.  At  parting  I  promised  soon  to  visit  her,  and  in  a  few 
days  sent  expresly  to  see  her,  and  wrote  a  consolatory  letter 
penned  in  y*"  tenderest  and  best-natured  terms  that  a  slender 
capacity,  led  on  by  a  profusion  of  the  most  sincere  respect 
and  esteem,  could  devise." 

The  "  consolatory  epistle,"  I  regret  to  say,  has  eluded  my 
search ;  but  here  is  the  poor  young  widow's  reply — 

Faha,  June  7,  1751. 

My  De.  Bror., — I  had  the  pleasure  of  your  letter  yester- 
day, and  do  assure  you  no  jjerson  can  be  better  pleased  to 
hear  from  you  than  I  am,  and  that  as  often  as  you  can.  I 
am  proud,  Dr.  Bror.,  to  find  y*  y"  have  not  forgot  y"" 
promise  in  coming  to  see  me  very  soon.  I  am  just  as  when 
we  parted,  most  part  of  my  time  unwell,  tho'  I  do  all  I 
can  to  follow  your  good  and  friendly  advice  in  bearing  my 
crosses  and  misfortunes  with  y"  greatest  patience  and  resig- 
nation I  can.  I  need  not  tell  you  how  great  they  are  in  y*" 
loss  of  y*^  best  of  husbands.     I  am  very  sensible,  Dr.  Bror., 


Old  Irish  Life  at  Home,  27 

of  y''  great  loss,  and  how  dear  you  were  to  that  sweet 
companion  the  Great  God  has  parted  me  from.  Welcome  be 
His  holy  Will.  Gobby  is  very  well,  thank  God,  but  she 
seldom  parts  me,  as  she  knows  nobody  else  here  yet.  I  shall 
say  no  more  at  present,  but  conclude  with  sincerest  affections 
and  respects  to  my  ffather  and  Mother,  and  kind  service  to 
all  y''  rest  of  that  good  family. 

My  Dear  Maurice, 
Your  most  afftd.  and  much  afflicted  Sister, 

Mary  Connell. 
All  this  family  desire  their  best  respects  to  you. 

I  broke  in  on  Maurice's  narrative  to  give  the  simple  and 
pathetic  reply  to  his  letter  to  his  brother's  widow.  I  now 
resume  it  verbatim — 

"In  a  few  days  after  I  made  her  a  visit,  and  remained 
with  her  for  15  or  16  days.  From  thence  I  went  to  Tralee, 
where  I  remained  till  after  the  ensuing  Assizes,  which  was 
about  y^  15th  inst.  After  the  Assizes  I  returned  to  Faha  ; 
and,  after  using  my  best  entreaties,  prevailed  with  her  to 
come  hither. 

"  We  set  out  y'^  10th,  and  arrived  here  y''  20th.  She  was 
met  in  y^  most  warm  and  affectionate  manner  by  my  Father 
and  Mother.  They  discovered  entire  comfort  and  satisfaction 
at  her  appearance,  and  studied  constantly  to  console  and 
please  her.  I  took  every  oppertunity  y'  offered  to  please  and 
render  her  kind  offices,  and  divert  her  from  her  trouble, 
tho'  quite  overwhelmed  therewith  myself.  All  y^  was  not 
sufficient  to  engage  her  to  make  any  stay. 

"  She  parted  for  Faha  the  1st  of  December,  in  company  with 
her  brother  Hugh,  who  came  (as  was,  I  presume,  before  con- 
certed) for  her  a  day  or  two  before.  1  attended  her  as  far  as 
Glenbeigh,  assured  her  of  a  lasting  continuance  of  my  respect 
and  esteem,  and  engaged  for  her  to  let  me  know  when  she 
should  be  delivered,  in  order  I  should  wait  on  her  to  repre- 
sent her  deceased  husband  on  this  occasion.  To  this  she 
agreed  ;  and  after  mutual  endearments,  we  parted. 

"  In  y''  latter  end  of  January  following,  she  sent  an  express 
to  let  me  know  y'  she  had  been  delivered  of  a  daughter.  I  set 
out  y''  following  day,  notwithstanding  that  the  weather  was 
very  rigorous,  and  remained  till  she  ..." 

Here  several  pages  are  missing. 

By  her  letter  of  the  previous  month,  we  see  Maurice 
arranging  and  advising,  and  Maur-ni-Dhuiv  ruling,  for  the 
mother  and  expected  child.     The  young  widow  writes — 


28         The  Last  Colonel  of  the  Irish  Br  ((jade. 

Faha,  22  Xber,  1751. 

My  Dr.  Bror., — I  had  the  pleasure  of  your  kind  letter  with 
£7  Os.  3d.,  which  is  by  8  shillings  and  3  pence  more  th"  y'' 
half-year's  interest.  I  would  be  glad  to  know  what  it  is  for, 
as  ye  made  no  mention  of  it  in  your  letter  to  me.  Inclosed  I 
send  you  a  receipt  for  what  y"  desired.  As  for  my  ffather- 
in-law,  I  don't  in  y*^  least  doubt  his  willingness  to  serve  me. 
I  would  be  the  most  ungrateful  person  on  earth  if  I  had 
harboured  any  [doubt]  either  of  him  or  of  any  of  y''  ffamily. 

My  Dr.  Bror.,  I  am  greatly  obliged  to  you  for  considering 
me  in  a  double  light,  and  it  is  more  than  I  deserve,  otherwise 
than  by  being  the  relict  of  y''  most  worthy  Bror.  ;  and  since  it 
has  been  God's  will  to  make  me  that  unfortunate  woman  to 
loose  soe  good  and  fond  a  Husband,  it  gives  me  great  comfort 
that  he  has  left  behind  a  most  kind  and  affectionate  Brother, 
as  I  have  always  found  you  to  be  since  our  first  acquaintance. 
You  shall  hear  from  me  next  month.  I  am  very  glad  to  hear 
Sister  Nonny  ^  is  married,  and  I  hope  and  wish  it  may  turn  out 
for  her  happiness. 

I  am  satisfied  to  have  a  Nurse  of  my  Mother's  chusing,  as 
I  find  it  is  most  agreable  to  her  and  my  ffather,  tho'  I  would 
not  willingly  have  my  child  nursed  at  so  great  a  distance  from 
me.     I  am  glad  to  hear  y'^  boat  has  got  oft'  soe  safe  as  y^  say. 

My  best  respects  to  my  ffather  and  Mother,  and  am,  with 
most  tender  love  and  duty, 

My  Dear  Maurice, 

Your  most  affect.  Sister, 

Mary  Connell. 

P.S. — The  half  guinea  you  sent  is  light,  and  I  believe  won't 
pass.     Gobby  is  very  well,  thank  God. 

As  I  could  not  help  feeling  a  certain  sympathy  for  this 
unconventional  dame,  I  set  to  work  to  find  out  wliat  she  could 
have  carried  off.  Perhaps  she  may  have  had  some  of  her 
cattle  driven  before  her.  Her  husband's  will  mentions  some 
for  her  and  the  child,  and  he  gives  her  all  her  own  posses- 
sions, his  and  her  own  furniture,  and  his  riding  horse  and 
its  furniture  (this  would  include  her  pillion),  and  his  linen, 
which  might  be  useful  for  the  babies.  He  leaves  his  whips 
and  buckles  to  Maurice ;  and  his  gilt  snuff-box  to  her,  to  be 
kept  for  the  baby.  Some  silver  spoons,  a  wedding  gift  from 
Maur-ni-Dhuiv,  appear  in  his  account-book. 

^  Mrs.  O'Sullivan,  of  Couliagh,  whose  wild  son,  Captain  Mark,  of 
the  Irish  Brigade,  is  so  often  mentioned  in  the  old  letters.  Her  son  John 
married  his  cousin  Mary,  daughter  of  John  Segerson  and  Alice  O'Connell. 


Old  Irish  Life  at  Home.  29 

In  a  list  of  things  belonging  to  their  daughter  appear,  years 
later,  five  rings,  a  gold  watch-cover,  and  "  my  great-great- 
grandmother's  rosary."  Most  of  the  old  rosaries  were  of 
handsome  agate,  with  heavy  silver  mountings  ;  some,  indeed, 
were  all  silver  or  gold.  Poor  John  O'Gonnell  also  leaves  his 
wife  the  indentures  of  his  serving-boy,  whose  education  was 
duly  provided  for  at  thirteen  pence  per  annum.  The  silver 
spoons  and  snuff-box  and  rosary,  the  "  buttons,"  the  horse 
and  furniture,  and  her  little  daughter  Abigail,  would  not  have 
been  such  a  large  collection  of  belongings,  even  with  nurse 
and  maid  and  ponies  to  carry  them  thrown  in.  So  I  fear  the 
inconsiderate  woman  must  have  had  some  black  cattle  driven 
off  before  her. 

I  don't  quite  see  how  Maurice  could  have  represented  her 
husband  at  the  christening,  as  he  said,  unless  he  meant  to  pay 
all  expenses.  This  may  have  been  his  meaning ;  for,  although 
exceedingly  close  in  money  matters  in  general,  he  was  always 
ready  to  behave  generously  and  handsomely  on  great  occasions. 

In  poor  John's  account-book  "  tips  "  figure  largely.  To 
servants  at  different  houses,  to  the  priest  at  a  wedding,  to 
pipers  and  servants  at  "my  sister's  hauling  home,"  ^  and  at 
two  different  christenings  the  nurses  get  3s.  Qd.  and  4s.  Qd. 

The  cambric  linen,  lawn,  and  thread  for  the  first  baby's 
clothes  cost  ^63  19s.  d>d.  ;  the  christening  suit,  i'l  lis.  8(Z. 

"  Gown  my  wife  bestowed  on  her  mother,  and  christening 
clothes,  £2  18s.  llfZ." 

The  young  people,  living  with  the  young  man's  parents, 
bought  no  food  in  general,  but  the  happy  father  supplied — 
evidently  for  the  christening  party — 29  lbs.  of  beef  at  2^fL, 
5s.  l\d.  ;  one  side  of  lamb,  lid. 

I  fancy  the  first  baby  was  born  at  Faha. 

A  mysterious  set  of  entries  were  for  caudle,  which  I  feel 
sure  would  kill  any  modern  lady  under  the  circumstances. 
A  charming  and  most  intelligent  old  lady,  the  late  Mrs. 
Deborah  Grubb,  explained  them,  and  told  me  that  she  had 
tasted  it  as  a  child.    "A  pint  of  cinnamon-water  for  my  wife  " 

^  "  Hauling  home."  The  bride  was  escorted  home  by  a  great  crowd  of 
friends  and  followers.  In  a  country  with  roads,  horses  were  taken  from 
her  coach,  and  the  peasants  drew  her  part  of  the  way  home.  She  was 
usually  carried  over  the  tlircshold  of  her  new  dwelling. 


30         The  Last  Colonel  of  the  Irish  Brigade. 

is  a  different  item.  Brown  sugar,  almonds,  barley,  nutmegs, 
white  wine,  and  oranges,  for  caudle,  amount  to  9s.  4fZ. 

The  patient  got  none.  It  was  served  to  the  ladies  who 
visited  her  out  of  wide,  fine  china  cups.  For  the  gentlemen, 
rum,  wine  of  three  prices,  fruit,  and  sugar  were  supplied  on 
this  occasion. 

Doctor  Cronin  only  gets  half  a  guinea.  Mrs.  Carr,  "  y® 
midwife,"  receives  a  whole  guinea. 

Maurice  duly  presided  at  the  christening,  but  the  poor 
babe  soon  joined  its  father.  Lively,  wilful  Abby,  whom  her 
grave  uncle  found  it  hard  to  manage  afterwards,  alone  sur- 
vived, and  she  had  a  hard  struggle  for  existence — flying  from 
small-pox  in  one  page,  stricken  with  ague  in  another. 

To  my  mind  there  is  one  bit  worthy  of  Baring  Gould  in 
what  comes  next — the  lady  mounting  up  on  the  pillion  of 
the  borrowed  horse,  behind  the  toil-stained  foot-messenger 
set  up  for  her  "fore-man,"  and  Hunting  Cap's  implied  rebuke 
in  the  lament  over  his  inability  to  personally  attend  her,  and 
the  statement  that  he  sent  servants  and  horses  to  convey  her. 
How  she  must  have  winced  under  his  tender  and  protecting 
care,  and  the  perpetual  vigilance  with  which  he  watched  over 
her,  expecting  such  marvels  of  deportment,  graceful,  modest 
dependency,  and  mild,  continued  affliction,  which  no  eager, 
impulsive  woman  could  feel  with  any  great  intensity  for  two 
years,  though  Mary  Falvey  never  forgot  the  lover-husband  of 
her  youth,  and  never  cast  away  his  name  !  They  say  in 
Irish  that  she  never  changed  his  name  or  the  colour  of  her 
gown ;  and  black,  except  during  the  actual  period  of  com- 
pulsory mourning,  was  little  worn  a  century  and  a  half  ago. 

There  was  some  litigation,  as  I  said  before,  between  Hugh 
Falvey,  of  Faha,  and  one  of  the  O'Connells,  in  which  the  widow 
and  her  people-in-law  took  opposite  sides.  Maurice's  elabo- 
rate statement  was  evidently  drawn  up  to  show  she  had  had  no 
personal  cause  of  complaint,  which  her  letters  to  him  prove  to 
be  true.  Owing  to  loss  of  the  missing  portions,  I  can  only 
give  a  brief  summary  of  their  dealings  ;  but  it  is  exceptionally 
valuable  as  a  life- study  of  our  ancestors. 

"  I  solemnly  declare,"  writes  Maurice,  "  it  is  very  far  from 
my  thoughts  to  misrepresent  her  [Mrs.  John  O'Connell],  or 


Old  Irish  Life  at  Home.  31 

to  derogate  from  her  merits.  No ;  what  I  hereby  intend  is 
only  an  indication  of  mine  and  Family's  beheaviour  to  this 
lady,  which  could  not  be  affected  without  giving  the  general 
knowledge  of  the  whole  affair.  The  chiefest  motives  for  it 
were  to  prevent  the  severe  and  hard  notions  of  this  affair  ; 
which  narrative  of  the  facts  may  beget  in  the  mind  of  the 
most  inconsiderate  individual  to  whom  we  should  not  be 
known." 

To  resume  our  former  account — 

"About  the  middle  of  August  following,  I  called  to  see 
her  in  my  way  hither,  but,  from  reasons  before  mentioned, 
I  made  no  way  there,  and  should  have  previously  told  this." 

It  would  seem  that  she  had  been  with  them  before,  as  a 
June  letter  describes  a  return  journey.     She  writes — 

Faha,  June  12,  1752. 

I  had  the  pleasure,  my  Dear  Maurice,  of  your  kind  letter 
yesterday,  which,  you  may  depend,  was  very  agreable  to 
me.  I  had  just  finished  a  letter  I  was  sending  to  John 
Crohon  when  yours  arrived,  but  I  would  not  let  slip  y^ 
opportunity  of  letting  you  hear  from  me. 

I  am  too  well  acquainted,  Dr.  Maurice,  with  your  dis- 
position and  regards  for  me  ;  and,  tho'  we  have  those  frequent 
seperations,  to  my  great  loss  and  affliction,  yet  my  regard  and 
affection  for  your  Family  shall  never  lessen ;  otherwise  I  would 
be  most  ungrateful.  My  Dear  Maurice,  y*  pleasure  I  have 
in  y''  letter  is  next  to  seeing  you.  I  shall  now  give  you  an 
account  of  our  journey.  The  night  you  parted  us,  wee  were 
to  stay  in  a  house  neare  y""  Paver,  where  I  was  feasted  with 
salmon.  You  may  judge  how  wee  lay.  Wee  got  to  Faha  next 
day.  Gobby  was  very  easy  with  my  Bror.  Jack.  She  is  every 
day  going  to  see  you.  Cornilius  has  observed  y*"  directions 
in  calling  to  see  y®  child.  He  tells  me  shee  is  well.  I  am 
pleased  my  Father  has  arrived  safe  from  Dingle.  Killarney 
is  now  a  merry  place.  I  wish  you  would  come  and  take 
share  of  their  diversions  ;  but  would  not  have  you  think  of 
going  to  Tralee,  as  they  have  got  y*"  Small  Pox  there.  I  have 
nothing  worth  relating.  I  conclude  with  Dutiful  Eespects 
to  my  ffather  and  Mother,  and  kind  affections  to  all  y*'  good 
family. 

My  Dear  Maurice, 

y  most  sincerely  affec.  Sister, 

Mary  Connell. 

All  y"  family  desire  their  best  compliments  to  you  and 
familv. 


32         The  Last  Colonel  of  the  Irish  Brigade. 

Mary  O'Connell  writes  again  in  a  few  clays.  The  baby, 
whom  she  had  suffered  to  be  nursed  so  far  away  from  her  by  a 
nurse  of  Maur-ni-Dhuiv's  choosing,  sickens,  and  she  writes  to 
bespeak  her  brother-in-law's  good  offices  about  it.  Fancy 
having  one's  baby  sick,  and  having  to  trust  to  a  countryman's 
report  of  it  ! 

Faha,  July  9,  1752. 

My  De.  Bror., — This  morning  I  was  eased  of  great  un- 
easiness I  have  been  in  since  my  last  to  you.  It  was  too 
great  to  be  expressed.  I  thought  you  were  resolved  to  forget 
me  quite,  tho'  I  could  not  imagine  what  your  reason  was,  as 
I  never  intended  to  give  you  any,  nor  never  shall.  I  am  now 
convinced  the  cause  of  y''  not  writing  to  me  was  entirely 
owing  to  the  man  who  carried  my  letter  ;  for  I  thought, 
Dear  Maurice,  I  know  your  good  dispositions  and  esteem  for 
me  too  well  to  think  you  would  neglect  doing  me  y*'  satis- 
faction of  letting  me  hear  from  you  as  often  as  you  could, 
and  hope  you  believe  nothing  could  give  me  greater  pleasure. 

I  had  an  account  about  nine  days  agoe  of  y®  child  being 
very  ill.  The  man  I  sent  to  see  her  told  me  she  was  then 
mending.  He  told  me  my  Mother  had  got  there  a  little 
before  him,  and  that  you  ware  to  see  her  y'  day  before,  for 
which  you  have  my  sincere  thanks.  This  man  tells  me  she 
is  still  in  a  bad  way.  I  fear  she  will  never  do  well.  I  wish 
she  could  be  carried  to  Darrinane.  I  would  have  gone  to  see 
her  before  now,  but  that  I  can't  leave  Gobby.  I  shall  soon 
begin  to  discipline  her,  as  you  desire.  My  ffather  has  been 
here  with  me  a  copple  of  nights.  You  will  please  to  give 
him  and  my  Mother  my  Dutiful  respects,  and  best  affections 
to  all  the  Family, 

And  am.  Dr.  Maurice, 

Y'  most  sincere  and  affect.  Sister, 

Mary  Connell. 

P.S. — The  Ladies  and  my  Brother  John  desire  their 
respects  to  you.  I  pray  you'll  tell  my  Mother  I  got  y^  sheep 
and  wool  she  sent  me,  for  which  and  many  other  things  I 
am  greatly  obliged  to  her.  I  am  soe  taken  up  with  Gobby, 
I  hardly  know  w'"  I  write. 

A  fortnight  earlier  the  young  widow  had  written  the 
following  letter : — 

Faha,  June  23,  1752. 

My  Dear  Brother, — I  take  this  opportunity  of  writing  to 
you,  tho'  any  other  would  be  much  more  agreable  to  me  than 
this,  as  he  goes  to  serve  my  ffather  with  some  papers  about 


Old  Irish   Life  at  Home.  33 

this  land  in  dispute  between  Charles  Connell  and  my  Bror. 
Hugh.  Dr.  Maurice,  it  gives  me  vast  concern  to  think  that 
my  ffather  or  Uncle  Jeffery  would  be  brought  to  any  trouble 
about  this  affair.  I  hope  and  sincerely  wish  they  may  not. 
I  know  my  Bror.  Hugh,  who  is  the  person  concerned  in  this, 
would  be  as  unwilling  to  hurt  or  disoblige  my  ffather  as  he 
would  be  his  own  Bror. ;  and  is  shure  he  has  noe  hand  in 
this  affair ;  but  he  says  he  hopes  my  ffather  can't  take  it  ill 
of  him  to  take  all  y®  fair  methods  he  can  to  come  by  his  own. 

I  would  be  glad  my  ft'ather  would  send  me  a  little  money 
now,  if  it  be  convenient,  as  my  Mother  here  desires.  I  would 
lay  it  out  for  yearlings,  which  she  will  give  me  grass  for.  I 
should  not  call  for  this  till  he  had  thought  proper  to  give  it, 
but  y'^  I  am  to  buy  them  at  y''  next  ffair.  Y"  bearer's  receipt 
is  sufficient.  I  thought  I  should  have  y^  pleasure  to  hear 
about  this  time.  Tho'  short  a  time  it  is  since  I  parted  from 
you,  it  seems  long  to  me.  Let  me  know  if  you  had  any  late 
account  from  y*"  Child.  Give  my  dutiful  respects  to  my  ffather 
and  Mother,  and  affections  to  all  y""  Family,  that 
I  am,  my  Dr.  Bror., 

y  most  sincere  and  aft'ect.  Sister, 

Mary  Connell. 

P.S. — All  my  Family  desire  their  best  compliments  to  you 
and  ffamily.     Gobby  is  well,  and  desires  her  respects  to  you. 

Notwithstanding  the  litigation  between  Hiigh  Falvey, 
referred  to  in  the  preceding  letter,  and  the  O'Connells,  the 
families  continued  on  fairly  friendly  terms,  and  certainly 
stood  by  the  young  widow  when  she  wanted  them.  All  sorts 
of  worries  beset  her.  Maurice  catalogues  them  in  a  very 
unsympathetic  manner,  but  he  helped  her  in  every  way,  and 
was  certainly  devoted  to  her  child.  The  second  baby  did  not 
live  long.  The  letter  above  quoted  is  thus  referred  to  by 
Maurice — 

"  In  ten  days  after  parting  she  wrote  pressingly  for  money 
that  became  due  to  her  the  11th  of  May,  and  that  by  a  person 
who  was  sent  by  her  brother  to  give  my  Father  with  some 
papers  relative  to  the  above-mentioned  suit.  About  the 
middle  of  August  her  Brother  John  was  seized  with  y*'  small- 
pox. She,  for  y''  preservation  of  her  child,  my  little  niece, 
from  malignant  disease,  retired  to  my  Uncle  Geoffrey  O'Do- 
noghue,  to  Killarney.  I,  on  hearing  this,  wrote  in  a  strain  very 
warm,  to  pray  she  would  agree  to  come  hither.  Herewith 
necessity  rather  than  choice  caused  her  to  comply,  which  was 
very  visible  from  her  manner  of  acting  at  this  juncture  .  .  . 

VOL.  I.  D 


34         The  Last  Colonel  of  the  Irish  Brigade. 

for,  before  she  answered  my  letter,  she  went  to  Faha,  though 
under  the  difficulty  of  borrowing  a  horse,  and  making  the 
fellow  I  had  sent  her  her  foreman." 

This  last  sentence,  perhaps,  requires  some  explanation. 
The  man  behind  whose  saddle  the  lady's  pillion  was  placed 
was  called  her  "foreman."  He  was  usually  a  relative,  or, 
failing  such,  the  most  respectable  of  the  menservants,  in 
his  best  broadcloth.  This  unconventional  dame  did  a  fearful 
thing  in  riding  through  the  country  town  behind  the  rough 
peasant  stained  with  travel,  who  had  carried  the  missive.  The 
ensuing  paragraph  about  servants  and  horses  to  attend  her 
shows  what  the  family  respectability  felt  on  this  breach  of  Us 
convenances. 

Having  described  the  very  undignified  manner  in  which 
the  fair  widow  visited  Faha,  Hunting  Cap  goes  on  to  say — 

**  She  went  there  to  consult  whether  or  no  she  would  go 
at  my  request.  Nothing  could  remove  the  defference  and 
regard  which  I  thought  due  from  me  to  her;  and  when  I 
despatched  horses  and  servants  for  her,  and  wrote  an  apolo- 
getic letter  for  my  not  personnally  waiting  on  her,  she  arrived 
here  about  the  10th  of  December,  to  the  infinite  satisfaction 
of  this  family.  The  winter  coming  on  obliged  her  to  tarry 
till  the  1st  of  April,  1753.  She  prepared  to  travel  early  in 
March  with  one  Daniel  Falvey,  a  kinsman  of  hers,  who 
happened  here  at  that  time.  But  the  weather,  proving  too 
severe,  forced  her  to  desist  from  y*"  project.  I  attended  her 
with  y*"  utmost  care  and  dilligence  during  her  abode  here,  in 
which  I  was  seconded  by  all  my  friends,  who  joined  in 
signalizing  their  uncommon  attatchment  and  esteem  for  her. 
1  saw  her  safe  to  Faha,  not  without  considerable  trouble  to 
her  and  to  me,  occasioned  by  constant  rain,  where,  after  a 
night's  delay,  I  left  her,  making  y"  most  persuasive  and  sacred 
protestations  of  y'  permanency  of  my  kindest  respect  for  her. 
To  this  she  replied  that  my  Family,  and  I  in  particular,  had, 
since  the  death  of  her  husband,  carried  themselves  to  her  in 
such  a  sort  as  rendered  our  tender  kindness  to  her,  and  y® 
defference  we  preserved  for  y^  memory  of  my  brother,  un- 
questionable facts,  and  all  of  which  she  had  and  would  retain 
y**  most  lively  and  gratefuU  sence.  That  she  was  perfectly 
satisfied  of  our  resolution  to  persevere  in  this  laudable  and 
beneficient  conduct,  which  greatly  allayed  the  trouble  she 
was  wrapped  in;  and,  finally,  that  a  suitable  return  of  y^ 
unlimited  benevolence  would  ever  be  the  most  predominant 


Old  Irkh  Life  at  Home.  35 

object  of  her  care  and  attention,  and  particularly  towards  me, 
whom  she  considered  as  the  delegate  of  her  very  worthy  con- 
sort, consequently  as  her  ruler  and  admonisher.  Early  in 
y^  month  of  May  her  little  daughter  was  taken  with  an  ague 
that  held  her  for  two  months.  She  herewith  acquainted  me. 
I  visited  her,  and  duly  sent  over  once  in  six  days  to  see  her 
during  the  time." 

Here  ends  the  fragment.  Does  it  not  seem  as  if  Baring 
Gould  had  written  it  ?  The  messengers  duly  brought  back 
bulletins  of  the  little  maid's  progress,  and  what  Dr.  Cronin, 
who  had  brought  her  into  the  world,  said  of  her  in  one  letter. 
It  appears  her  uncle  Maurice  had  so  spoilt  her  that  no  one 
could  make  her  take  her  physic.  Then  the  doctor  ordered 
port  wine.  Maurice  at  once  sent  over  a  considerable  quantity 
"of  both  kinds  of  wine,"  which,  of  course,  had  paid  no  duty, 
and  which  seems  to  have  finished  the  cure. 

By  a  letter  of  the  young  widow's  we  see  that  Maurice 
took  the  sickly  baby  to  Darrynane.  I  fancy  it  died  there,  as 
there  is  no  further  mention  of  it ;  and  Miss  Julianna  never 
even  heard  of  its  existence. 

Big  Daniel  O'Connell  had  always  been  an  indolent,  easy- 
going man,  not  averse  to  riding  about  and  inspecting,  but 
disinclined  to  taking  other  forms  of  trouble.  Maurice  soon 
assumed  the  reins  of  actual  government  in  the  family :  he 
reflected,  weighed,  compared,  inquired.  We  hear  little  in 
the  letters  about  his  next  brother,  Morgan,  the  Liberator's 
father,  because,  as  he  was  wanted  at  home  to  help  to  oversee 
the  farming,  smuggling,  and  fishing,  there  was  no  need  to 
write  letters  about  him.  He  was  tolerably  near  in  age  to 
Maurice ;  Connell  was  much  younger ;  and  Daniel,  my  hero, 
younger  still.  These  two  lads,  however,  were  devoted  to 
each  other,  while  they  regarded  Maurice  as  a  second  father. 
Perhaps  Connell's  early  death  led  to  the  treasuring  of  every 
scrap  about  him,  for,  in  proportion  as  information  about  my 
hero's  early  years  is  scanty,  it  abounds  concerning  the  sailor- 
brother,  drowned  in  the  flower  of  his  young  manhood. 

Only  two  anecdotes  of  Count  O'Connell's  childhood  have 
reached  me.  He  told  one  of  his  grandnieces  that  he  had 
never  slept  in  a  four-post  bed  all  to  himself  until  he  went  to 
France ;    and  to  another  he  mentioned  that  from  the  time 


36  The  Last  Colonel  of  the  Irish  Brigade. 

he  was  a  very  little  fellow  he  had  set  his  heart  on  being  an 
officer  in  France,  and  making  his  fortune  with  his  sword, 
and  knowing  King  Louis.  As  his  brother  Connell  had  gone 
to  sea  when  he  was  very  young,  the  only  boy  at  hand  to  whom 
he  could  confide  these  aspirations  was  his  foster-brother. 
As  the  two  boys  rambled  and  sported  over  the  mountains  and 
cliffs,  Daniel  would  pour  forth  his  dreams,  which  were  realized 
after  all.  The  peasant  lad,  who  was  of  a  less  venturous 
spirit,  would  try  and  dissuade  him,  especially  observing, 
What  did  he  want  with  King  Louis  ?  What  finer  place  could 
King  Louis  have  to  live  in  than  a  "  slate  house  "  ?  and  had  he 
not  a  slate  house  to  live  in  at  home  ?  From  the  long  rambles 
of  his  boyhood  the  soldier  of  foreign  lands  derived  the  most 
passionate  love  and  recollection  of  every  rock  and  cliff  and 
lovely  view  about  his  home.  In  his  old  age  he  would  describe 
them  to  young  relatives  at  school  in  France,  and  repeat  long 
passages  of  Irish  poems. 

Darrynane  is  a  perfect  Paradise  for  boys.  The  noble 
mountains  are  alive  with  hares ;  woodcocks  come  to  the 
woods  which  clothe  the  feet  of  the  hills ;  grouse  to  the  open 
moors ;  while  the  sea  teems  with  fish.  I  saw  eight  kinds  of 
fish  ^  once  together  on  the  table  at  Darrynane  on  a  Friday. 
At  that  time  there  were  herds  of  ponies  and  plenty  of  good- 
sized  horses,  too  ;  boats  of  all  kinds  abounded,  as  the  popula- 
tion were  practically  amphibious. 

The  sea-board  was  pretty  populous,  and  the  smuggling- 
ships  constantly  brought  over  visitors,  whose  finer  clothes 
and  finer  manners  and  travellers'  tales  of  courts  and  cities 
would  naturally  inflame  the  imagination  of  a  boy.  I  find  by 
the  letters  that  eighteen  young  and  old  kinsmen  were  serving 
France,  Spain,  and  Austria  at  one  time. 

Farming  and  smuggling  naturally  occupied  the  elders  of 
families,  and  the  younger  boys  had  to  choose  between  trade, 
or  physic,  or  the  Church  at  home ;  and  soldiering,  sailoring, 
or  doctoring,  or  a  religious  life  abroad.  I  find  mention  of 
my  hero's  friends,  Dr.  O'Mahony,  one  of  Louis  XVI. 's  phy- 
sicians, and  Dr.  O'Connell,  who  endowed  a  "bourse"  (or 
"  free  place  ")  in  the  Irish  College  of  Paris.     Count  Dease 

1  See  Note  B,  p.  40. 


Old  Irish  Life  at  Home.  37 

was  surgeon,  over  a  century  ago,  to  the  Empress  Catherine  of 
Eussia,  and  John  Sobiesky's  body-physician  was  a  Kerry  man, 
whose  adventurous  career  is  set  forth  in  Smith's  "Kerry." 

For  medicine,  however,  my  hero  seems  to  have  had  no 
fancy.  The  family  had  relatives  serving  in  France  and  in 
Austria,  and  O'Sullivan  kinsmen  who  were  pilots — "mas- 
ters," as  they  would  have  been  styled  in  England — on  board 
the  King  of  Spain's  galleons.  One,  whose  letters  I  have  also 
perused,  and  who  guided  the  frigate  which  carried  a  new 
governor  to  the  Netherlands,  could  earn  more  than  a  con- 
temporary captain  in  the  Spanish  Navy.  Then  they  had  corre- 
spondents who  dis.posed  of  outgoing  cargoes  of  hides,  wool, 
salt  pork,  salt  beef,  and  butter,  and  freighted  the  fleet  little 
smuggling  craft  with  wine,  brandy,  tea,  tobacco,  and  such 
like  costly  goods,  and  settled  with  the  underwriters,  and 
managed  that  the  craft  should  sail  under  French  or  Spanish 
colours. 

Before  planting  out  his  young  brothers,  wise  Maurice 
had  much  correspondence  with  friends  abroad.  Connell  had 
a  passionate  love  of  the  sea  ;  Daniel,  an  equal  desire  to  go 
soldiering  on  land;  but  both  were  evidently  obliged  to  do 
what  they  were  told,  though,  happily,  their  brother  was  able 
to  dispose  of  them  according  to  their  wishes.  Curiously 
enough,  he  seems  to  have  had  a  great  hankering  after  Spain 
for  their  future  abode.  His  representative  found  last  year 
a  letter  of  Gyles  O'Sullivan  in  1758,  dissuading  him  from 
sending  Connell  there ;  and  he  would  have  made  young 
Daniel  quit  the  French  for  the  Spanish  Service  but  for  the 
prudence  and  resolution  the  lad  himself  displayed  in  the 
matter.  Failing  any  account  of  Dan's  early  training,  I  give 
some  particulars  of  Connell's  ;  doubtless  the  two  boys  learned 
the  same  things. 

Mr.  Daniel  McCrohan,  of  Nantes,  to  whose  care  young 
Connell  was  committed,  writes  to  his  home  in  1754 — 

"  I  received  a  letter  from  Cousin  Connell  from  Caen,  with  an 
enclosure  to  be  sent  to  his  Father ;  and  as  he  gave  no  account 
of  anything  in  his  Letter  but  of  his  voyage  from  Ireland,  I 
was  desirous  to  know  further.  I  opened  his  Father's  Letter, 
the  substance  of  which  is  that  he  is  very  well  where  he  is. 


38         The  Last   Colonel  of  the  Irish  Brigade. 

Mr.  David  Gary  is  very  kind  to  him.  He  found  him  fit  for 
philosophy,  and  made  him  enter  y*^  Colledge  without  loss  of 
time.     He  also  goes  to  the  French  School." 

This,  of  course,  shows  that  the  boy  knew  French  as  well 
as  being  considerably  advanced  in  weightier  studies.  He  was 
a  most  warm-hearted  lad.  Before  he  got  his  heart's  desire  of 
embarking  on  a  "  letter  of  marque,"  in  1756,  he  stayed  with 
Mr.  McCrohan  to  study  navigation.  During  his  visit  bis 
host  lost  a  little  son ;  and  the  bereaved  father  writes  to  Darry- 
nane,  "  My  poor  little  Johnny  died  with  Connell's  name  on  his 
lips." 

The  two  handsome,  high-spirited  young  brothers  were 
passionately  devoted  to  each  other,  as  many  passages  in 
yellow  faded  letters  testify  to  this  day.  The  feeling  of 
** family"  was  very  strong  long  ago.  In  households  of  the 
virtuous  and  decorous  type,  to  which  the  Darrynane  household 
belonged,  an  immense  sense  of  filial  reverence  and  duty,  a 
formal  courtesy  and  most  strict  discipline,  prevailed.  This 
respect  extended  not  only  to  the  parents,  but  to  the  acting  head 
of  the  family  in  the  person  of  the  elder  brother,  who  was 
always  ready  to  help  with  money  and  influence,  not  only 
younger  brothers,  but  nephews  and  cousins. 

The  extraordinary  lengths  to  which  parental  authority  was 
carried  in  the  matter  of  disposing  of  the  hands  of  daughters, 
and  shaping  the  careers  of  sons,  shocks  our  modern  notions. 
Thank  Heaven,  nowadays  we  may  choose  our  own  husbands, 
and  must  rejoice  at  the  emancipation  of  the  younger  genera- 
tion. Still,  we  cannot  refuse  to  admire  the  spirit  of  family 
affection  and  reverence  for  parental  authority  which  prevailed 
in  those  olden  times.  When  my  hero  was  an  elderly  man,  his 
eldest  brother  wrote  him  a  sharp  rebuke  for  leaving  their 
mother  without  tidings  of  him  during  the  early  days  of  the 
French  Revolution.     He  writes  thus  in  reply — 

"  I  am  heartily  sorry  to  find  this  circumstance  has  been 
the  cause  of  terrors  and  apprehensions  to  our  dear  and  much- 
Eespected  Mother.  Nothing  in  nature  could  make  me  so 
unhappy  as  to  think  that  I  might  have  been  the  wilful  occa- 
sion of  giving  her  the  smallest  uneasiness.  Pray  assure  her 
that  her  happiness  is  far  more  to  me  than  my  own  life,  and 
that  I  never  passed  a  day  since  I  quitted  her  and  you  without 


Old  Irish  Life  at  Home.  39 

the  most  tender  and  the  most  lively  remembrances  of  her 
virtues  and  her  goodness.  I  am  sure  this  sentiment  is 
indelible,  and  can  never  be  impaired  within  my  breast." 

Next  to  their  strong  sense  of  filial  piety,  the  most  remark- 
able thing  about  these  old  Catholics  is  their  absence  of 
bigotry.  This  absence  of  bigotry,  which  distinguished  the 
relations  of  the  old  Kerry  Catholics  and  Protestants,  is 
strikingly  exemplified  in  many  letters  from  the  Eev.  James 
Bland,  of  Derryquin,  to  Maurice  O'Connell,  of  Darrynane. 
"  The  Eocks  "  he  styles  the  lovely  place  to  which  his  descend- 
ants have  given  back  its  old  Irish  name.  No  one  is  so  indig- 
nant as  this  honest  Protestant  parson  when  the  "  lawders  " — 
a  gang  of  imprisoned  highwaymen — trump  up  charges  against 
the  O'Connells,  who  had  been  instrumental  in  their  capture 
after  they  had  nearly  murdered  one  of  the  Mahony  kinsmen 
of  the  Darrynane  family.  The  Eev.  Mr.  Bland  sent  Hunting 
Cap  copies  of  several  different  letters  about  this  affair,  which 
the  timid  editors  of  that  day  had  refused  to  print.  Another 
proof  of  his  total  absence  of  bigotry  is  in  the  care  he  takes 
to  provide  Lenten  fare  for  his  guest.  The  Derryquin  oystera 
are  renowned  through  the  district.  Before  the  great  outbreak 
of  cholera,  all  the  healthy  practical  Catholics  abstained  from 
meat  all  the  week-days  of  Lent. 

The  Eev.  James  Bland,  in  a  letter  from  "  The  Kocks,"^ 
Lent,  1769,  to  Hunting  Cap,  says — 

**  If  you  can  spare  Time  to  come  and  help  us  in  Farmings 
you  shall  have  salt  Herrings  and  Oysters  in  Plenty." 

Twenty-six  years  earlier,  a  future  divine,  then  a  student, 
had  written  the  following  graphic  boyish  letter  to  Maurice 
O'Connell's  brother  John. 

With  truly  diabolical  laws,  calculated  to  set  man  against 
man,  the  southern  gentry,  differing  in  religion  and  in  origin 
as  they  did,  continued  on  the  best  terms.  Bundles  of  letters 
from  old  Knights  of  Kerry  show  how  they  stood  to  their 
Catholic  neighbours  of  Darrynane ;  and  there  are  boyish 
letters  from  a  young  Herbert,  studying  in  Trinity  College,  to 
John  O'Connell,  at  Darrynane,  showing  the  closest  intimacy. 


40  Tilt  Last   Colonel  of  the  Irish  Brigade. 

Trinity  College,  9""  22,  1743. 

My  Dear  Jack, — You  could  never  have  contracted  a  greater 
uneasiness  at  our  suden  departure  y"  I  did,  occasioned  by  the 
time  being  so  long  since  I  had  the  satisfaction  of  seeing  you 
so  as  to  talk  upon  the  inocence  of  our  former  days,  when 
murder,  such  as  is  here  committed  by  mere  children,  was 
quite  unknown.  Your  uncle,  with  whom  I  had  the  pleasure 
of  being  once  in  Company  since  his  arivall  here,  gives  an  ace' 
of  you  equal  to  the  wish  of  your  sincere  friend.  I  lead  a  most 
pleasant  life  this  winter.  Every  Monday  and  Saturday  I  goe 
to  the  assembly,  and  once  a  week  to  the  play.  The  girls  are 
all  of  a  green  complexion.  What  takes  up  the  attention  of 
the  town  now  is  this  Tryall  between  my  Lord  Anglesey  and 
.young  Onslow,  the  son  of  the  late  L'^  Altham,  transported  (as 
uas  proved  in  court)  by  the  present  Earl,  in  order  to  come  in 
to  his  property,  w^hich  he  is  like  to  loose.  The  Kerry  [case] 
will,  'tis  thought,  be  put  of  till  next  term.  Last  night  one  of 
the  scholars  run  away  with  a  girl  in  Peter's  Street.  I  would 
write  much  more,  but  am  just  going  to  visit  S""  Maurice  and 
other  friends  who  are  come  to  town.  I  make  bold,  begging  it 
a  request,  your  representing  my  service  &  complyments  agre- 
able  to  y''  father  and  the  rest  of  your  friends.  Arthur  Hassett 
has  moved  for  a  petition,  as  has  also  his  brother,  yesterday. 
Aden,  Drest  friend,  and  believe  me  to  be  as  ever, 

Your  affect,  and  obdient., 

Arthur  Herbert. 

N.B. — Don't  neglect  writing  to  me  whenever  you  are  at 
leasure ;  and,  what's  more,  when  you  do  me  that  pleasure, 
direct  to  Eob*  Fitz Gerald  ^  in  Nicolas  S^  at  the  sign  of  the 
Seven  Stars,  Dublin. 

[This  Arthur  Herbert,  who  finds  the  complexion  of  the 
Dublin  beauties  somewhat  tarnished  after  the  lilies  and 
roses  of  the  Kerry  ladies,  was  the  eldest  son  of  George 
Herbert,  of  Currans,  and  Jane  EitzGerald,  daughter  of 
Maurice,  Knight  of  Kerry.  He  was  Eector  of  Tralee  ;  and 
dying  September  30,  1760,  aged  thirty-six,  left  by  his  first 
wife,  Helena,  daughter  of  Eichard  Townsend,  of  Castle- 
townsend,  a  son  Eichard  Herbert,  of  Currens,  who  succeeded 
his  great-uncle,  Arthur  Herbert,  at  Cahirnane,  in  1781,  and 
was  M.P.  for  Kerry  in  1783.     He  married  Amelia,  daughter 

'  Robert  FitzGerald,  uncle  to  the  writer  ;  as  M.P.  for  Dingle,  he 
fi-anks  the  letter.  He  .succeeded  his  nephew  Maurice  as  Knight  of  Kerry 
in  1780. 


Old  Irish  Life  at  Home,  41 

of  Thomas  Herbert,  of  Muckross,  and  was  grandfather  of 
the  x^resent  Henry  Herbert,  of  Cahirnane. — E.  O'C] 

John  O'Connell  indited  a  Christmas  carol  to  Mrs.  Butler, 
of  Waterville,  full  of  praises  of  the  charms  of  her  sister-in- 
law,  a  fair  but  heretical  Cinolda  Butler,  who  died  a  maid,  and 
I  rather  think  an  old  one,  over  a  hundred  years  ago.  The 
late  Mr.  Butler  showed  me  her  signature  to  an  old  deed. 

Maurice  O'Connell  was  enabled  to  buy  lands  through  the 
connivance  of  a  Protestant  connection,  Councillor  Hugh 
Falvey,  of  the  Faha  family;  but  when  he  got  old,  the  Pro- 
testant trustee  declined  to  perjure  himself  any  longer.  Every 
letter  I  have  read  written  to,  from,  or  about  the  old  respect- 
able Protestants  of  Munster  showed  the  same  friendly  spirit. 
At  the  same  time,  while  nothing  could  be  kinder  or  more 
considerate  than  the  demeanour  of  the  really  respectable 
Protestants,  the  "  Shoneens,"  the  petty  Protestants,  were 
odious  and  unendurable.  Their  impudence  and  spite,  how- 
ever, rather  affected  the  people  in  towns  than  the  denizens 
of  the  wilds.  In  after-years,  Count  O'Connell  had  many 
opportunities  of  being  useful  as  well  as  agreeable  to  Kerry 
Protestant  gentlemen  visiting  Paris  on  the  grand  tour. 

The  following  letter  of  Connell's  shows  one  horrid  risk  the 
young  Catholic  lads  ran.  H  caught  on  a  craft  sailing  under 
hostile  foreign  colours,  and  naturally  to  be  supposed  engaged 
in  smuggling,  they  could  be  "  pressed  "  as  common  seamen  in 
the  British  Navy.  There  was  no  chance  of  promotion  or 
money-making  then.  On  the  other  hand,  if  they  volunteered 
for  eighteen  months  as  sailors  before  the  mast  in  the  Spanish 
Navy,  they  could  qualify  as  pilots — as  before  shown,  a  very 
lucrative  career. 

Connell  O'Connell  to  Francis  O'Sullivan. 

St,  Sebastian,  7'"  19,  1757. 
Mr.  Fau,  O'Suluvan, — Dr.  Cosn.,  I  have  y'^  pleasure  to 
pray  you'll  acquaint  all  friends  of  our  safe  arrival,  y"^  5th 
inst,  after  a  passage  of  f,  .  ,  .  days.  We  were  only  met  by  y*" 
Tifjer  and  St.  George,  privatares  of  .  .  .  who  brought  us  too. 
Y"  first  in  y''  Latt,  of  46'3°.  We  were  only  registered  by  y° 
former,  as  wee  were  brought  too  by  her.  They  behaved 
mighty  well  to  us,  for  they  never  looked  far  within  our  holt 


42         The  Last  Colonel  of  the  Irish  Brigade. 

or  papers.  They  took  two  barrels  of  beef,  two  casks  .  .  .  and 
these  victuals  fi'om  us,  for  w"^*^  they  paide.  We  found  y^  Mary 
here  before  us,  Silvy  Mahony  pilote  of  her.  She  was  brought 
here  by  a  pilote  on  board  of  her  in  Guernsey,  when  poor 
Daniel  was  taken  out  and  put  on  board  a  King's  shipe.  His 
Dirty  Captain  refused  him  at  parting  for  either  an  anker  of 
his  own  brandy,  or  any  part  of  y®  money  he  raised  on  y^ 
vessell.  J  ...  is  here  now,  ...  by  y*^  intendant  for  .  .  .  cor 
...  to  y*^  ...  as  y*^  p.p.  works  only  from  here  to  Ireland  and 
back.  We  are  to  unload  for  a  day  or  two,  in  all  y*^  delay  we 
are  to  .  .  .  merchant  tells  me  to  hear  from  Nantes.  You  may 
depend  on  my  doing  all  in  my  power  to  hasten  ...  As  to 
our  cargoe,  y*^  beef  and  fish  I  believe  may  sell  well,  but  y^ 
butter  I  fancy  will  lye  for  some  time. 

I  write  in  haste  for  y®  post,  but  remain,  as  always, 

y  Affect.  Kinsman, 

CONNELL  O'COXNELL. 

While  the  brothers  at  home  write  Connell  without  an  0\ 
the  moment  the  young  boys  get  abroad  they  start  the  Celtic 
prefix. 

Early  in  1759  Maurice  O'Connell,  of  Darrynane,  brought 
home  his  bride — not  the  Dulcinea  of  his  boyish  fancy,  but  a 
lady  whoses  charm  were  of  a  more  substantial  kind.  The  mar- 
riage treaty,  now  in  the  possession  of  Sir  Maurice  O'Connell, 
at  Lake  View,  bears  date  December  5,  1758.  It  informs  us 
of  the  intended  marriage  of  Maurice  O'Connell  with  Mary, 
eldest  daughter  of  Kobert  Cantillon,  of  Ballyphillip,  County 
Limerick,  to  be  solemnized  two  days  later.  The  bride 
has  for  that  time  a  considerable  portion — £1000  bearing 
interest  at  ^£100.  They  are  to  live  at  Darrynane,  where  the 
bridegroom's  parents  covenant  to  find  "  for  said  Maurice, 
Mary,  and  one  servant,  good  and  sufficient  meat,  drink,  wash- 
ing, lodgings,  and  firing  in  said  Daniel  O'Connell's  dwelling- 
house,  freely  and  without  the  said  Daniel  being  entitled  to 
any  demand  as  any  kind  of  payment  for  the  same."  She  is 
the  kind  "  Sister  Molly"  of  so  many  of  the  young  soldier's 
letters.  She  spent  the  winter  at  Ballj'phillip,  and  did  not  go 
to  Darrynane  for  six  months  after  the  marriage.  All  her 
married  life  she  was  overshadowed  by  her  husband  and  her 
mother-in-law,  born  rulers  both.  She  got  on  very  well  with 
every  one  except  her  brother-in-law's  wife.     She  showed  con- 


Old  Irish  Life  at  Home.  43 

siderable  jealousy  of  her  sister-in-law,  "the  fruitful  mother 
of  children,"  one  of  whom  was  the  famous  Daniel.  The  child- 
less wife  of  the  eldest  son  was  not  a  personage  of  much 
weight,  though  treated  with  great  civility.  Except  where 
the  natural  feminine  jealousy  of  the  blessing  denied  her 
appeared,  she  was  very  gentle  and  amiable,  and  kind  to  the 
young  creatures  among  whom  her  lot  was  cast.  Of  this 
kindness  Daniel  ever  entertained  the  most  grateful  recollec- 
tion. She  was  by  no  means  clever — seemingly  a  lady-like  and 
simple-minded  nonentity. 

I  append  some  notice  of  the  Cantillon  family,^  whereof 
Boss  O'Connell,  of  Lake  View,  supplies  the  genealogical 
portion.  Mr.  Cantillon  had  no  son,  and  his  daughters  were 
co-heiresses  of  his  property  at  Ballyphillip.  The  three  Miss 
Cantillons  were  said  to  have  married  three  of  the  finest  men 
in  Munster.  Maurice  O'Connell,  commonly  known  as  Hunting 
Cap,  was  about  six  feet  three,  and  very  handsome,  with  long, 
straight  features,  blue  eyes,  fair  complexion,  and  an  oval  face. 
The  two  other  handsome  brothers-in-law  were  Mr.  Phill  Blake, 

of ,  near  Ennis,  and  Mr.  Burke,  of  CornabuUiagh,  County 

Tipperary,  who  bore  the  mediaeval  designation  of  "  McWalter," 
being  descended  from  an  Earl  Walter  de  Burgh,  of  the 
Clanricarde  family,  as  the  extinct  Mc Williams  descended  from 
an  Earl  William.  In  a  letter  from  Hamburg,  March  21,^ 
1760  O.S.  (March  21,  1759,  of  our  reckoning),  Council  con- 
gratulates his  brother — 

"  You  can  better  conceive  than  I  can  express  y*"  satisfac- 
tion it  gave  me  to  hear  of  y""  being  married  in  a  creditable 
ffamily,  and  to  y*'  satisfaction  of  my  Parents  and  you.  As  to  y" 
Unlimited  Letter  of  Creditt  you  were  good  enough  to  Send  me, 
as  it  Comes  from  y"^  Hands,  whom  I  always  looked  upon  as  my 
Better  half,  I  shall  only  say  that  I  expect,  with  y*"  Assistance 
of  y'^  Almighty,  never  to  be  guilty  of  anything  y'  may  incur 
y"  Displeasure  or  in  y^  Least  alienate  y"^  affection  you  always 
had  and  at  present  shew  for  me." 

[In  the  eighteenth  century,  as  most  of  my  readers  know, 
to  be  concerned  in  smuggling  was  not  regarded  as  in  any  way 
a  disgrace.  Indeed,  few  gentlemen  living  near  the  coast  but 
were  more  or  less  mixed  up  with  "  the  traders."     If  this  were 

'  See  Note  G,  p.  (>1.  -  1760  O.S.  be;,'aii  on  March  25. 


44         The  Last  Colonel  of  the  Irish  Brigade. 

so  in  England,  it  was  but  natural  that  in  Ireland,  where  a 
legitimate  foreign  trade  was  discouraged  in  every  way  by  law, 
the  gentry  should  carry  on  an  illegitimate  one.  The  south 
and  south-west  coasts  of  Ireland,  too,  remote  as  they  were, 
and  indented  everywhere  with  harbours  large  and  small, 
besides  creeks  innumerable,  offered  great  facilities  for  smug- 
gling— facilities  of  which  the  inhabitants  were  not  slow  to 
avail  themselves. 

Among  the  most  active  of  these  smuggling  gentry  in 
Kerry  were  the  O'Connells  and  their  relatives,  the  numerous 
O'Sullivans  and  Goolds.  I  have  still  in  my  possession  letters, 
invoices,  bills  of  lading,  etc.,  of  various  dates  from  1745  to 
1780,  referring  to  their  transactions,  from  which  I  have 
thrown  together  a  few  facts  which  may  possess  some  interest. 

And,  first,  as  to  the  goods  usually  brought  over.  They 
were  chiefly  tea — usually  "  bohea,  or  black  tea  " — sugar,  and 
tobacco,  with,  in  earlier  years,  rum,  and  later,  brandy.  Small 
quantities  of  claret  were  imported,  and  always  for  the 
O'Connells  ;  I  only  see  one  single  consignment  of  that  wine, 
indeed,  to  any  of  their  partners.  The  ladies  got  silks  and 
velvets,,  and  once,  at  all  events,  Maur-ni-Dhuiv  imported  a 
mirror  from  France,  which  is  still  at  Darrynane  Abbey.  The 
vessels  employed  were,  of  course,  small ;  large  craft  could  not 
enter  the  out-of-the-way  nooks  which  suited  the  trade.  So 
far  as  I  can  make  out  from  the  cargoes  and  crews  they  carried, 
the  vessels  do  not  seem  to  have  been  of  more  than  forty  to  fifty 
tons.  At  first  they  were  hired,  and  were  of  various  nation- 
alities— Irish,  English,  and  one,  at  all  events,  the  San  Juan 
Baptista,  was  Spanish,  as  I  suppose  was  the  San  Antonio ; 
eventually  "the  company,"  as  the  old  papers  call  them,  pro- 
cured a  craft  of  their  own,  the  sloop  Prince  Ferdinand,  which 
ran  a  couple  of  cargoes  annually  for  many  years. 

The  cost  of  a  cargo  in  France — at  Nantes  usually — was 
from  £200  to  ;03OO  ;  unfortunately,  the  papers  I  have  do  not 
show  what  the  profit  was,  but  it  must  have  been  large. 
English  smugglers,  I  believe,  considered  they  cleared  expenses 
if  they  successfully  "  ran  "  two  cargoes  out  of  three,  which 
would  mean  a  profit  of  something  like  fifty  per  cent.,  and 
this  on  imported  goods  only ;  for  no  return  cargoes  were  sent 


Old  Irish  Life  at  Home.  45 

from  England,  while  they  were  by  the  O'Connells  and  their 
"  company." 

Butter,  salt  hides,  and  salt  fish  were  the  principal  items 
exported;  wool  was  sent  at  times,  but  it  and  linen  seem  to 
have  been  usually  private  speculations  of  the  ladies  ;  horse- 
hair occurs  a  few  times.  One  item  never  is  mentioned,  though 
I  make  no  doubt  it  might  have  been — "wild  geese,"  which 
I  may  explain  to  English  readers  was  the  name  given  to 
recruits  for  the  Irish  Brigade. 

At  first  trade  seems  to  have  been  carried  on  quite  as  much 
with  Spain  ^  as  with  France ;  subsequently  with  the  latter 
only,  the  O'Connells'  principal  correspondent  there  being  a 
Kerry  man  named  McCrohan,  settled  at  Nantes.  Still  later, 
in  the  seventies,  I  find  cargoes  sent  from  Guernsey. 

It  may  seem  strange  that  return  cargoes  could  be  shipped, 
but  the  smuggling  craft  seem  to  have  lain  sometimes  for 
weeks  in  the  little  harbour  of  Darrynane.  The  place  even 
now  is  very  out-of-the-way,  and  a  hundred  and  twenty  years 
ago  was  as  much  so  as  any  corner  in  the  United  Kingdom. 
The  harbour  is,  to  use  a  sea  phrase,  a  "  blind  one  " — no 
stranger  passing  it  would  detect  its  existence  from  the  sea. 
Then,  if  by  any  chance  an  underling  of  the  Eevenue  did  turn 
up,  he  was  not  always  proof  against  a  bribe ;  so  I  find  in  one 
account  of  expenses  in  landing  a  cargo  :  "  To ,  the  boat- 
man "  (meaning  Eevenue  boatman,  or  coastguard),  "  who  came 
here  seeking  a  prey,  5s.  5fL" — 5s.  5cl.  Irish  being  5s.  English 
money. 

On  the  land  side,  the  only  approach  was  by  a  road  im- 
passable for  wheeled  vehicles,  and  not  traversed  by  any 
stranger  save  at  long  and  rare  intervals.  The  neighbouring 
gentry,  too,  even  though  not  partners  in  "  the  comj)any," 
were  ready  and  willing  purchasers  of  its  goods,  and  not  likely 

^  That  there  was  in  old  times  a  very  large  trade  between  Spain  and 
the  west  and  south-west  of  Ireland  is  well  known.  Smith,  in  his  "His- 
tory of  Kerry,"  makes  frequent  references  to  it. 

A  venerable  relative  of  mine,  now  verging  on  ninety,  narrated  to  me 
that  her  grandmotlier  told  her  she  remembered  when  women  from  the 
neighbourhood  of  Ballinskelligs,  in  Kerry,  used  to  borrow  one  another's 
cloaks  to  go  to  Spain  with  "  slaucan "  {i.e.  "sloke,"  or  "laver,"  an 
edible  sea-weed)  for  sale,  the  Spaniards  being  extremely  fond  of  it. 
Smith  alludes  to  the  cloak-borrowing,  but  does  not  seem  to  have  known 
what  the  motive  for  a  trip  to  Spain  was. 


46         The  Last  Colonel  of  the  Irish  Brigade. 

to  interfere  with  its  operations,  and,  until  comparatively  a 
late  date,  there  was  no  officer  of  the  Eevenue  or  Preventive 
Service  anywhere  near. — D.  O'C] 

The  following  copy  of  a  letter  from  Maurice  O'Connell  to 
the  smuggling  correspondent  of  the  firm  gives  us  an  idea 
of  the  exports  as  well  as  of  the  imports  : — 

Maurice  O'Connell  to  Mr.  McCrohan. 

Darrinane,  7ber  22nd,  1754. 

Dr.  Sir, — I  have  Wrote  to  you  y*"  afternoon  the  Alexander, 
Captain  John  FitzGerald  on  b'"^  which  have  shipped  —  for 
account  of  Messrs.  Seggerson  and  Company^— 2  Large  sacks 
C.  W.,^  one  of  w°**  is  for  the  Captain  and  Crew;  58  firkins 
butter,  and  65  Salt  hydes,  on  all  which,  as  Well  as  the  Vessel, 
you  are  to  insure  as  follows  :  viz.  on  one  pack  C.  W.,  £18 ;  on 
the  butter,  £48  ;  and  on  y^  Hydes,  £24  ;  and  on  the  Vessel, 
£68  ;  in  all,  £153.  .  .  .  She  set  out  with  a  Very  favourable 
Wind,  and  the  strongest  appearance  of  a  continuance  of  it. 

I  refer  you  to  y®  forementioned  letter  for  y"^  Government 
relative  to  y*"  returns,  hoeever  shall  repeat  to  you  that  the 
whole  proceeds  are  to  be  invested  for  Teas,  half  Green  and 
half  Bohea.  As  to  last  commodity,  it  promices  pretty  well. 
Brandy  is  in  noe  demand,  nor  is  there  a  likelihood  of  a  Call 
for  it  for  a  considerable  time. 

I  mentioned  to  you  in  said  letter  to  send  13  Ankers 
Brandy,  3  of  which  Cherry.  A  Cask  powder  Sugar,  and  2 
Tierces  good  Claret  for  y"  private  consumption,  and  seperate 
account  of  Messrs.  Seggerson  and  my  ffather,  which  please 
to  observe,  and  am  ord'red  to  direct  you  to  send  2  Quarter- 
casks  small  White  St.  Martin  or  Rhenish  wine  for  y*'  same 
purpose  and  account.  The  costs  and  charges  of  all  w*"' 
place  to  a  seperate  account. 

You  have  in  charge  £10  or  £17  for  Butter,  y''  property  of 
my  ffather.  He  thinks  proper,  in  consequence  of  y®  stuff,  to 
order  home  the  proceeds  of  the  Butter  in  Teas,  as  before. 

1  Mrs.  M.  J.  O'Connell  mentions  that  the  names  of  Hunting  Cap's  partners 
were  James  and  Francis  Segerson,  of  Cork.  In  1724  James  Segerson, 
merchant,  Cork,  held  by  lease  for  980  years  a  portion  of  "  Dunscombe's 
Marsh,"  boiuided  south  by  Benj.  Winthrop's  holding,  west  by  a  street 
leading  to  King  George's  Street,  with  river  frontage  on  the  north,  and 
privilege  of  shipping  and  landing  goods  gratis.  Subsequently  his  widow 
married  Mr.  P.  Prosser.  In  ttie  same  year  John  Segerson,  jun.,  held 
a  house  and  garden  in  Bridge  Street,  in  the  South  Liberties.  In  1761 
Francis  Segerson,  merchant,  Cork,  married  Mary  Aghern  ;  the  marriage 
settlement  is  in  the  Registry  of  Deeds  Office,  Dublin.     [G.  S.] 

^  Wool. 


Old  Irish  Life  at  Home.  47 

Tbis  you  are  to  note,  and,  as  it's  made  over  on  me.  The 
Goods  are  to  be  mark'd  w*^  the  Intitial  letters  of  my  Name. 
There  are  ffom-teen  Hydes  of  my  o^ti  and  160  bandies  flannell 
of  my  Mother's,  in  2  bundles.  Out  of  which  pay  Cornilius  60 
livres,  and  send  the  4  Aunes  Velvet  mention'd.  The  price  of 
the  Looking  .  .  .  deduct  from  proceeds  of  y®  last-mention'd 
Butter.  Advise  us  speedily  of  y''  Vessel's  arrival  and  course 
of  the  Markett,  and  dispatch  her  with  all  possible  Expedition. 
We'll  endeavour  to  send  her  Back  immediately  after  her 
arrival.  Mr.  Tim  McCarthy  prays  you'll  ensure  £30  stg.  on 
35  hydes,  3  firkins  butter,  and  a  pack  C.  W.  he  has  on  board. 
Your  brother  Jemmy  has  shipped  himself  according  to  your 
Directions.  I  fancy  my  Brother  Connell  has  ere  now  advised 
you  of  his  arrival  in  Caen. 

I  am  Dear  Cousin, 
Your  sincere  Kinsman  and  Obedient  Servant, 

Maurice  Connell. 

[C.  W.  stands  for  wool.— D.  O'C] 

A  handle  is  twenty-seven  inches,  the  length  of  a  man's 
arm — the  old  English  ell,  or  Italian  hracchio.  Home-spun 
flannel  and  linen  are  still  measured  by  it  in  West  Clare. 
The  very  odd  conglomerate  of  measures — the  anker  and  its 
compounds,  are  Dutch  measures,  though  applied  to  other 
liquids  than  hollands. 

"  1  atiker  =  ^  awn,  and  contains  2  stekans ;  each  stekan 
consists  of  16  mengles ;  the  mengle  being  equal  to  two  Paris 
pints  "  (Bees'  "  Cyclopaedia,"  vol.  ii.).  The  anker,  therefore, 
contained  sixty-four  Paris  pints. 

A  tierce  is  forty-two  gallons,  or  one-third  of  a  pipe. 

"  Looking  .  .  ."  evidently  refers  to  a  looking-glass,  of 
which  there  are  two  yet  at  Darrynane,  said  to  have  been 
smuggled  by  Maur-ni-Dhuiv.  The  plates  are  oblong,  very 
thick,  and  bevelled,  and  set  in  rococo  gilt  scrollwork,  form- 
ing a  sort  of  long  flattened  oval.  The  gilding  is  so  good  that 
it  has  retained  much  of  its  lustre  for  nearly  a  century  and  a 
half. 


48 


The  La.'it  Colonel  of  tJie  Irish   Brigade 


NOTES  TO  BOOK  I. 


Note  A. 

Eickard  O'Connell,  of  Ballycarberry. 


Maurice  "  of  Caber- 

barnagli,"  transplanted 

to  Clare  after  1641, 

but  never  got 
there,  dying  en  route. 


I 

John  of  Ashtown. 

seneschal  to  the  Didce 

of  Orraond, 

oh.  s.p.  January  25,  1680,  and 

buried  in  St.  James's  Church,  Dublin. 


Rickard,  Bishop  of 

Ardfert,  martyred  by 

Croinwellians 

at  Killaruey,  1653. 


Bartholomew, 
oh.  before  1641. 


Charles, 

a  quo  O'Connells  of  Ballinabloun, 

and  the  late  General 

Sir  Maurice  Charles  O'Connell. 


Maurice  of  Briantree, 
CO.  Clare,  settled  there  on 

lands  granted  to  his 
grandlatber.     He  planted 

Franciscan  Friars  at 
Briantree  in  1663. 


Sheara. 
(Geoffrey.) 


1 

Maurice  of 

Rickard, 

1 
John, 

Briantree, 

oh.  s.p.. 

Lieutenant 

Brigadier- 

before  1739, 

King's 

General,  com- 

in London. 

Infantry, 

manded 

killed  at 

King's  Guards, 

Derry,  1689, 

killed  at 

s.p. 

Aughrim,  1691. 

John, 
author  of 

"  The  Dirge  of 
Ireland," 

oh.  circ.  1702. 


Maurice  "  of  Dunmaniheen," 

Lieutenant-Colonel 

in  Lord  Slane's  Infantry, 

oh.  1715. 


Sheara-na-mo-Mor,  or  Geoffrey 

"  of  the  Vast  Herds,"  a  quo  O'Connells 

of  Tralee  (Liberator's  wife's  family), 

died  1722,  aged  38, 

buried  at  Cahirsiveen. 


Daniel, 
settled  at  Aghavore  or  Darrynane. 
Erroneously  called  "Daniel  of 
Agliort." 

I 

John  of  Darrynane, 

Captain  in  King's  Guard,  was  at 

Limerick,  Derry,  Boyne, 

and  Aughrim, 

oh.  1741. 


Daniel  of  Darrynane  Maurice, 

(Count's  father),  father  of 

oh.  1770.  Baron  O'Connell. 

[R.  O'C] 


Notes  to  Book  I.  40 

Note  B. 
Fish  in  Keery. 

The  Kerry  Magazine  for  January  1,  1856,  contains  a 
"Eeport  on  the  State  of  Kerry,  a.d.  1673,  May,  27,  by  Lord 
Herbert  and  others,"  taken  from  the  15th  "Eecord  Keport," 
p.  670,  MSS.  vol.  M,  Birmmgham  Tower,  Dublin  Castle. 
This  Lord  Herbert  was  Edward,  third  Lord  Herbert  of 
Cherbury  and  Castle  Island. 

After  dwelling  on  the  remoteness  of  the  district,  the  im- 
passable state  of  the  roads,  the  abject  misery  and  complete 
lawlessness  of  the  inhabitants,  he  says,  "  No  kindes  of  manu- 
factures or  fishing,  but  of  oysters  at  low  water,  even  in  this 
place,  which  before  the  discovery  of  Newfoundland  was  the 
fishery  of  Europe."  In  support  of  this  statement  the  Kerry 
Magazine  quotes  "Carne  de  Eegno  Hib.  Scotiae  Anacephalosis, 
1666  :  "  "  Tertium  promontorium  v(^  jatur  Euragh  [Ivreagh] 
inter  Beantry  et  Baltimore  situm  /  \  hoc  annuatim  ingens 
nauclorum  numerus  non  solum  ex  ^Icinis  locis,  sed  etiam 
Hispania,  Gallia,  Hollandia,  aliisq.  locis  ad  capiendas  scom- 
bros,  halluca  ac  salpas,  gerresque  accurrit  "  {Kerry  Magazine, 
vol.  ii.  p.  25).  Scomhros  means  mackerel ;  ^  halluca,  evidently 
a  misprint  for  haleca,  herrings;  salpas  gerresque,  cod  and 
pilchard. 

Arthur  Young  states  that,  in  1776,  oysters  cost  3d.  per 
hundred  in  Tralee,  a  rise  of  50  per  cent,  since  1756.  My 
father  has  bought  oysters  there,  in  or  about  1840,  for  Is.  6d. 
the  hundred.— [R.  O'C.J 

Note  C. 

I  find  it  more  convenient  to  group  genealogical  notices, 
old  stories,  and  traditions  of  the  "old  stock"  at  the  ends  of 
chapters  than  to  squeeze  them  into  footnotes.  Boss  O'Connell 
has  been  my  herald  for  the  nonce,  and  has  signed  his  con- 
tributions "  E.  O'C."  Those  which  bear  no  signature  are  my 
own  work.  "  I  tell  the  tale  as  'twas  told  to  me  "  in  every 
case,  but  I  do  not  pledge  myself  to  the  accuracy  of  the  state- 
ments made  to  me.  Of  the  general  accuracy  of  the  old 
peasants  and  old  ladies,  whose  depositions  I  have  taken 
down,  I  have  no  manner  of  doubt.  Many  of  the  stories  and 
traditions,  the  queer  manners  and  formal  customs  recorded 
will  be  found  very  like  Highland  ones,  related  by  dear  old  Sir 

*  Tunnies  and  mackerel  are  of  the  same  family.  The  first  are 
Scomber  thynnns,  the  second,  Scomber  scombras  (Linnaeus). 

VOL.  I.  K 


50         Thi'  Last  Colonel  of  the  Irish  Brigade. 

Walter  Scott,  in  Ins  copious  and  delightful  notes  to  poems, 
novels,  and  the  "  Tales  of  a  Grandfather." 

O'Mahony. 

Quarterly,  1st  and  4th,  a  lion  rampant  azure  ;  2nd,  per  pale 
ar.  and  gu.,  a  lion  ra.  counterchanged ;  3rd,  arg.,  a  chevron 
gu.  between  three  snakes  wavy  in  pale  sa. 

These  arms  are  as  borne  by  the  Mahonys  of  Dromore, 
Dunloe,  and  Kilmorna,  by  Bartholomew,  Count  O'Mahony, 
and  by  James,  Count  O'Mahony.  The  Mahonys  of  Castlequin 
bear  the  snakes  in  3rd  quarter  erect  ppr.  A.ccording  to  Sir 
William  Betham,  the  common  ancestor  of  the  various  houses 
of  Mahony  was  Donogh  "na  Himerce"  ("of  the  Pilgrimage") 
O'Mahony,  Lord  of  Kinalmeaky,  circ.  1180.  The  mere  fact 
of  the  several  branches  bearing  the  same  quartered  coat  is  a 
strong  proof  that  they  did  not  separate  from  the  parent  stem 
until  a  far  later  period.  It  is  unlikely  that  Donogh  na 
Himerce  bore  any  heraldic  device,  and  it  is  absolutely  im- 
possible that  he  could  have  borne  the  elaborate  coat  given 
above,  as  arms  quarterly  were  unknown  to  British  heraldry  till 
the  reign  of  Edward  III. 

Pioss  O'Connell  has  supplied  the  armorial  bearings  and 
later  ramifications  of  the  family  of  O'Mahony.  I  abridge  its 
ancient  history  from  the  "History  of  the  Eugenians,"  by 
Eichard  F.  Cronnelly,  who  gives  the  following  extracts  of  the 
old  topographical  poems  about  them  : — 

"The  Clan  Eochaidh  without  oppression, 
Magnificent  their  apparel. " 

(Poem  of  Maelmurra,  of  Fahen.) 

Their  original  territory  was  Ivaugh,  or  Iveagh,  in  South- 
West  Cork,  whence  they  subsequently  migrated  to  Kerry. 

"  Iveagh,  the  most  westernly  part  of  Banba, 
Is  the  extensive  estate  of  O'Mahony, 
The  fruitful  land  of  fair  fortresses  ; 
Extensive  the  brown  nut-producing  plains." 

(O'Heerin.) 

The  old  poetical  topographer  also  describes  then-  territory 
in  the  same  county  in  the  barony  of  Kinelmeaky. 

*'  Kinelmeaky  of  the  delightful  fields. 
About  Bandon  of  the  charming  groves, 
The  warlike  chief  of  glorious  victories, 
Is  O'Mahony  of  the  foam-fringed  coast." 

(Ibid.) 

The  district  of  Tubrad  (Tubrid),  in  the  barony  of  Iveragh, 
was  also  possessed  by  the  O'Mahonys  in  Kerry.  This  branch 
is  long  extinct  or  sunk  into  obscurity. 


Notes  to  Book  I.  51 

The  monastery  of  Timoleague  was  the  barial-place  of  the 
O'Mahonys  of  Carbery. 

A  long  pedigree  of  Donal  O'Mahony,  living  a.d.  1600,  is 
referred  to  as  among  genealogical  manuscripts  at  Lambeth. 
Mr.  Cronnelly  gives  as  the  principal  O'Mahony  castles :  Eathlin, 
in  Kinelmeaky;  Ardmurran  and  Ringmahon,  Dunbeacon, 
Dunmaniis,  Rosbriu,  and  Black  Castle,  in  West  Carbery ; 
Ballydeolin,  West  Carbery ;  Dromdeedy  in  Lower  Conuelloe, 
County  Limerick;  Ballymodan,  East  Carbery. 

The  Mahonys  of  Dunloe. 

John  Mahony,  of  Dunloe,  dying  in  1706,  left  by  his  wife 
Honora,  daughter  of  Maurice  O'Connell,  of  Cahirbarnagh, 
two  sons — Daniel,  immortalized  by  Mr.  Froude,  as  "Donell 
of  Dunloe;  "  and  Denis  of  Dromore,  from  whom  descend  the 
Mahonys  of  Dromore. 

John's  son,  Donell  of  Dunloe,  "  the  great  and  terrible 
Papist  who  ruled  South  Kerry  with  his  four  thousand  fol- 
lowers" (Froude's  "English  in  Ireland,"  vol.  i.  p.  452),  left 
with  other  issue,  a  daughter,  to  whom,  "  as  the  only  person  in 
the  barony  worthy  to  wear  them,"  he  bequeathed  his  velvet 
breeches.  This  daughter  was  the  wife  of  Donal  O'Donoghue 
Dhuv,  and  the  mother  of  Maur-ni-Dliuiv,  Count  O'Connell's 
mother. 

Dunloe  was,  until  the  Desmond  rebellion,  one  of  the  chief 
fortresses  of  0' Sullivan  Mor.  It  was  then  razed  by  Ormond, 
who  left  standing  only  the  north,  west,  and  south  walls  of  a 
flanking  tower.  These  walls  are  of  immense  thickness,  and 
probably  defeated  Ormond's  hurried  efforts  to  destroy  them. 
0' Sullivan  Mor  removed  to  Dunkerron,  and  built  the  castle 
there  in  1595. 

Some  seventy  years  later  Dunloe  passed  to  John  Mahony 
as  the  marriage  portion  of  Gillen,  his  second  wife,  daughter 
of  a  subsequent  O'SuUivan  Mor.  He  seems  to  have  leased  it 
from  O'SuUivan  before  this  marriage,  as  local  tradition  tells 
us  that  many  of  the  splendid  trees  at  Dunloe  were  planted  by 
the  care  of  his  first  wife,  Honora  O'Connell. 

John  Mahony  rendered  the  tower  habitable  by  building  an 
east  wall,  and  thus  the  fragment  stands  to  this  day,  the  wall 
of  the  seventeenth  century  very  easily  distinguishable  from  its 
companions  of  the  thirteenth  century. 

James,  eldest  son  of  the  first  Count  O'Mahony,  by  Cecilia, 
daughter  and  co-heiress  of  George,  younger  brother  of 
Humphrey  Weld,  of  Lulworth,  married  Lady  Ann  Clifford, 
daughter  of  the  Countess  of  Newburgh,  by  her  first  husband, 
Hon.  Thomas  Clifford.      The  countess  married,  secondly,  the 


52         The  Last   Colonel  of  the  Irish  Brigade. 

fifth  Earl  of  Derwentwater,  who  was  beheaded  1746,  and  whose 
descendants,  Earls  of  Newburgh,  became  extinct  in  1814,  when 
the  title  passed  to  Vincent,  Prince  Giustiniani,  eldest  son  of 
Benedict,  Prince  Giustiniani,  by  his  wife  Cecilia,  only  child 
of  Count  O'Mahony  and  Lady  Ann  Clifford.  Vincent,  Prince 
Giustiniani,  had  an  only  child,  Cecilia,  in  her  own  right 
Countess  of  Newburgh,  who  married  the  Marchese  Bandini, 
and  was  mother  of  the  present  Marchese  Bandini,  now  Earl 
of  Newburgh,  created  Prince  by  Pius  IX.,  and  who  assumed 
the  name  of  Guistiniani. 

Myles  Mahony,  of  Castlequin,  married  Count  O'Connell's 
aunt,  the  eldest  daughter  of  John  O'Connell,  of  Darrynane, 
and  their  grandson,  Myles  of  Castlequin,  whose  brother  Denis 
was  Captain  in  the  Irish  Brigade,  married  (1788)  Mary, 
daughter  of  Charles  Jeffrey  O'Connell,  of  Portmagee. 

The  arms  of  Mahony,  as  mentioned  by  Mr.  Mahony,  of 
Dromore,  are  quartered  by  the  Lords  Newburgh,  who  represent 
the  Counts  Mahony.  The  present  Prince  Giustiniani,  though 
a  Scotch  earl,  is  an  Italian  gentleman,  and  therefore  naturally 
knows  something  about  an  alliance  of  which  his  house  has 
every  reason  to  be  proud.  He  quarters  the  arms  of  Mahony 
Avith  those  of  Clifford  and  Livingstone. 

SUGRUE. 

Arms :  same  as  those  of  0' Sullivan. 

Miss  Hickson,  in  *'  Old  Kerry  Piecords,"  an  admirable  com- 
pilation, well  worthy  the  study  of  any  one  interested  in  Irish 
history  or  Irish  pedigree,  expresses  an  opinion  that  Dunloe 
came  to  the  Mahonys  from  the  Sughrues  by  marriage  of  a 
Mahony  with  "  a  Sughrue  widow." 

I  do  not  believe  that  Dunloe  ever  belonged  to  the  Sughrues, 
or  that  such  a  marriage  ever  took  place. 

Miss  Hickson  quotes  "tradition"  as  authority  for  both 
statements.  Tradition  is  often  an  admirable,  and  always  an 
amusing  guide,  but  it  can  hardly  be  looked  upon  as  proof  of 
a  marriage  that,  if  it  occurred  at  all,  must  have  occurred 
two  hundred  and  fifty  years  before  the  tradition  was  garnered 
into  print. 

Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Eobert  FitzMaurice,  of  Ballyhealy, 
in  Kerry,  who  married  Timothy  Sughrue,  and  was  mother 
of  Charles,  born  1701,  "prisoner  of  warr  in  Carlysle,  and  there 
unfortunately  murthered  by  a  French  officer  "  in  1747,  drew 
up,  shortly  after  her  son's  murder,  a  genealogical  catalogue 
.  of  the  glories  and  alliances  of  the  Sughrues,  for  the  benefit 
of  her  grandson  Charles,  then  a  minor,  "in  the  hands  of 
the  Spanish  Ambassador. ' 


Notes  to  Book  I.  53 

Mrs.  Sughrue,  who  unfortunately,  and  femininely,  refrains 
from  dating  this  diffuse  document,  makes  no  mention  of 
Dunloe,  and  only  gives  one  marriage  between  the  Sughrues 
and  Mahonys.  Her  father-in-law,  Charles  Sughrue,  married, 
first,  a  daughter  of  Denis  Mahony  and  Honora  McCarthy,  of 
Cosmaigne.  This  Denis  was  the  father  of  John  Mahony, 
who  was,  I  believe,  the  first  Mahony  of  Dunloe,  and  who 
married  Honora,  daughter  of  Maurice  Connell,  of  Cahir- 
barnagh.  Another  daughter  of  this  Maurice  Connell  was  the 
second  wife  of  Charles  Sughrue,  and  the  mother  of  his  son 
Timothy,  husband  of  Elizabeth  FitzMam-ice. 

Mr.  Sugrue,  of  Cork,  lent  me  a  copy  of  the  informal 
^pedigree  drawn  up  by  his  ancestress. 

The  last  0' Sullivan  Mor  died  at  Tomies  in  1762.  He  left 
an  illegitimate  son,  whose  grandson  is  a  fisherman  at  Killarney. 
This  grandson  told  me  that  when  a  gossoon  some  thirty  years 
ago,  he  went  to  see  his  grandfather  lying  dead  at  Tomies. 
He  saw  not  only  his  departed  ancestor,  but  also  a  great  pile 
of  old  papers,  "  maybe  three  feet  high,  mostly  written  on  skins 
in  Latin  and  Irish ;  and  faith  I  was  in  dread  they  might  fall 
into  the  hands  of  the  Mahonys  or  some  other  new  people  in 
the  country,  and  they  might  get  more  of  the  old  0' Sullivan 
estates,  so  I  burned  them  all  myself"  ! — [R.  O'C] 

Note  D. 
The  O'Falveys  of  Faha. 

The  Falveys  bear  vert  a  lion  ra.,  crowned  or ;  in  chief 
two  swords  saltier  ways  ppr.,  hilted  or.  Crest :  a  ship  under 
sail,  ppr.  Mr,  Morrogh  Bernard,  of  Faha,  has  kindly  furnished 
me  with  a  photograph  of  an  interesting  painting  of  these  arms,. 
in  his  possession.  This  escutcheon  is  rather  an  excuse  for 
the  elaborate  framework  as  in  book-plates  of  the  Jacobean 
style  (Warren,  "Guide  to  the  Study  of  Ex-Libris,"  p.  20), 
but  natural  flowers  in  the  Chippendale  manner  show  them- 
selves "timidly  and  tentatively"  in  the  neighbourhood  of 
the  motto.  The  whole  is  an  admirable  specimen  of  transi- 
tional style,  and  dates  evidently  1735-1745. 

Eoss  0' Connell  has  compiled  the  following  note  on  the 
O'Falveys  of  Faha,  from  material  placed  at  his  disposal  by 
Mr.  Morrogh  Bernard.  An  hereditary  follower  of  the  family, 
Sergeant  Michael  O'Connor,  born  in  the  now  dismantled 
old  home  of  Faha,  of  which  his  father  was  the  tenant,  drew 
up  for  me  a  short  traditional  account  of  the  Falveys,  and 
procured  for  me  the  poem  blessing  Honora  O'Mahony,  the 
charitable  and  beautiful  wife  of  Hugh  Falvey,  whose  sister 
married  young  John  O'Connell,  of  Darrynane.     Hugh  Falvey 


54         The  Last  Colonel  of  the  Irish  Brigade. 

was  the  conforming  kinsman  who  saved  the  property  of  the 
O'Connells,  and,  I  rather  think,  of  other  Catholic  families  in 
Kerry. 

[When  O'Heerin,  who  died  in  1420,  wrote  his  ''Topography," 
the  O'Falveys  were  persons  of  note  and  consideration  in  the 
south  of  Ireland.^  It  is  not  my  intention  to  grope  in  the 
sombre  night  of  remote  antiquity.  Skipping  some  two 
hundred  years,  I  find,  in  1617,  one  "  Alive  O'Falvey,  a 
Desmond  man,"  one  of  the  few  who  were  faithful  to  Florence 
McCarthy  Mor,  during  his  imprisonment  in  the  Tower. 

After  1641  Dermot  O'Falvey,  of  Kilkeeveragh,  was  ordered 
to  "  transplant."  His  family  and  retainers  numbered  115 
persons.  Hugh  Falvey,  of  Faha,  was  also  transplanted. 
His  certificate  is  lost,  but  his  name  appears  in  the  index 
("Old  Kerry  Records,"  series  ii.  pp.  35-37). 

The  name  of  Falvey  is  found  in  Kmg  James's  Irish  Army 
List.  Darby  Falvey,  of  Faha,  married  Gobnett  Galway,  and, 
dying  in  1711,  was  interred  at  Aghlish.  The  following  is  the 
epitaph  on  his  tomb  : — 

' '  Here  lies  interred  the  treasure  of  our  ti[me] 
In  vertue,  with  [wit],  and  in  all  j^arts  sublime, 
Darby  Falvey,  whom  God  and  man  have  blest 
From  his  craddle  to  his  eternal  rest." 

"  He  lived  to  the  age  of  68  years, 

And  died  on  the  6th  March,  1711." 

His  son,  John  of  Faha  (will  dated  October  5,  1742),  left, 
with  a  daughter,  Mary,  wife  of  John,  eldest  son  of  Daniel 
O'Connell,  of  Darrynane,  a  son,  Hugh  of  Faha,  who  married 
Honora,  daughter  of  John  Mahony,  of  Blackwater,  County 
Kerry.  This  John  Mahony,  in  his  will,  dated  June  3,  1743, 
describes  his  mother  as  Mrs.  Alice  Mahony,  of  Dromore, 
and  it  is  evident  that  he  was  eldest  son  (?  oh.  v.j).)  of  Donogh, 
alias  Denis  Mahony  the  first,  of  Dromore,  by  his  wife  Alice, 
daughter  of  Richard  Pierse,  of  Ballinagard,  County  Kerry 
(will  dated  October  18,  1731). 

Hugh  Falvey  and  Honora  Mahony  left,  with  a  son,  John 
{ph.  s.j).  1807),  a  daughter,  Honora,  who  subsequently  inherited 
Faha,  and  by  her  husband,  John  Bernard,  of  Ballinagard, 
Kerry,  left  two  daughters,  co-heiresses  :  (1)  Martha,  married 
Edward  Morrogh,  and  was  grandmother  of  the  present 
Edward  Morrogh  Bernard,  of  Faha ;  (2)  Mary,  married 
Robert  Netterville,  and  was  mother  of  Arthur,  eighth  Viscount 
Netterville.— R.  O'C] 

1  The  "  Annals  of  the  Four  Masters  "  record  that  O'Falvey,  Tanist  of 
Corcaguiny  (West  Kerry),  fell  in  the  battle  of  Moy-Cobha,  County  Down, 
in  1103,  with  O'Muiray,  Lord  of  Kerry  ;  and  that  in  1158,  O'Falvey,  Lord 
of  Corcaguiny,  was  slain  l)y  the  O'.Sheas  of  Ivreagh. — [S.] 


Notes  to  Book  1.  55 

Sergeant  Michael  O'Connor  tells  me  the  old  white  house 
of  Faha  was  the  first  slated  house  erected  in  the  district  since 
Cromwell's  time,  and,  as  such,  was  a  great  object  of  wonder 
and  admiration.  The  sergeant  also  gives  me  Darby  Falvey's 
epitaph,  and  tells  me  his  own  ancestors  repose  close  to  Darby's 
grave.  They  rented  the  house  and  demesne  when  his  posterity 
removed  from  it.  Says  the  sergeant,  "  The  mortar  used  in 
the  old  house  of  Faha  was  tempered  with  bullock's  blood, 
mixed  with  hair,  and  so  generous  was  Darby  that  he  dis- 
tributed the  beef  among  the  workmen.  Not  having  sufficient 
blood  to  temper  all  the  mortar  required,  he  ordered  some  of 
his  people  to  collect  some  of  the  wild  cows  from  the  moun- 
tains of  Glancar  and  Glanbeigh.  The  gang  was  headed 
by  a  man  named  Eing  Dow,  Darby's  poet.  It  had  taken 
them  some  time  to  run  ten  head  of  these  cattle  into  a  defile, 
after  which  the  men  were  attacked  by  two  of  the  wild  bulls, 
and  had  to  run  away,  leaving  bulls  and  cows  behind  them. 
On  Eing  Dow's  return  with  his  men  to  Faha,  he  informed 
Mr.  Falvey  of  his  ill  success  in  an  Irish  verse,  thus  trans- 
lated : — 

"  '  Iveragh,  most  stern  and  savage  blue  ; 
Glancar,  where  corn  never  gi*ew  ; 
Desmond  mountain,  high  and  blue  ; — 
Three  parts  that  Patrick  never  gave  his  blessing  to.' 

"  Darby  Falvey  soon  after  had  a  son  John.  He  died  after 
spending  a  good  life,  and  was  buried  at  Aghlish  Church,  close 
to  the  tomb  of  my  ancestors.  The  following  inscription  was 
written  on  his  tombstone  :  — 

"  '  Here  lies  Darby  Falvey,  whom  God  had  blessed 
From  his  ci^adle  to  his  eternal  rest.'  " — [M.  O'C] 

Mr.  Leahy,  of  South  Hill,  Killarney,  gave  me  a  better 
version  of  Eing  Dow's  poetry  long  in  use  in  Kerry ;  and 
about  ten  years  ago  old  Dan  Sullivan,  who  had  been  the 
Liberator's  steward,  gave  me  the  literal  translation  of  the 
verse — 

"  Rugged  Iveragh,  of  evil  deeds  the  bed  ; 
And  stern  Glancar,  whose  corn-fields  never  spread  ; 
These  and  the  three  hills  dividing  Desmond  from  the  west, 
Are  the  three  spots  St.  Patrick  never  blessed." 

Dan  Sullivan's  translation  is  as  follows  : — 

"  Nasty  Iveragh,  with  the  grey  dragoons  ;  ^ 
Glancar,  that  the  oats  never  grew  in  it  ; 
All  the  ugly  high  mountains  from  that  to  the  west, 
Were  never  blessed  by  St.  Patrick." 


1  A  jen  de  mot.     Grey  dragoon  is  the  name  of  a  very  bad  weed  ;  and 
Iveragh  was  full  of  outlaws  clad  in  grey  frieze,  and  riding  rough  ponies. 


56         The  Last   Colonel  of  the  Irish  Brigade. 

All  these  "  nasty  and  ugly  "  spots  are  the  beautiful  moun- 
tain ranges  we  moderns  rave  about. 

"Darby's  son  John,"  resumes  the  sergeant,  "was  succeeded 
by  his  grandson  Hugh,  who  married  Nora  Mahony,  of  the 
Dromore  family,  who  was  deemed  a  great  beauty,  and  equally 
good  and  virtuous.  Her  family  have  a  time-honoured  name 
in  this  county.  She  had  one  son  and  a  daughter.  The  son 
became  a  Councillor,  and  the  daughter,  Nora  Oge,  was  pos- 
sessed of  every  quality  that  could  adorn  a  woman. 

"  One  night  a  party  of  men  came  to  Faha  House,  and 
attempted  to  carry  off  the  young  and  beautiful  lady,  but  the 
ruffians  were  bravely  repulsed  by  Mr.  Falvey  and  his  people. 
Miss  Falvey  afterwards  married  Mr.  Bernard,  of  Ballinagard." 

Sergeant  O'Connor  was  too  loyal  to  the  old  race  under 
whom  his  forefathers  had  long  prospered  to  give  me  any 
but  the  complimentary  traditions.  Mr.  Morrogh  Bernard,  a 
venerable  mason,  a  most  intelligent  old  farmer,  and  some 
neighbouring  gentlemen,  told  me  the  curious  story  of  a  curse. 

In  1768  great  pressure  was  brought  to  bear  on  Hugh 
Falvey  by  some  of  the  iniquitous  penal  enactments.  He  tried 
to  save  his  lands  and  spare  his  soul  by  the  intervention  of 
a  friendly  Protestant,  one  Samuel  Windus,  a  Dublin  hosier, 
whose  name  appears  as  pretended  "  discoverer,"  but  really 
helper,  in  the  O'Connell  papers.  Eventually,  Hugh  Falvey 
apostatized,  and  saved  his  lands.  He  and  his  eldest  son 
John,  who  followed  his  example,  became  eminent  barristers. 
Hugh  Falvey  constantly  acted  as  trustee  for  his  friends, 
Maurice  and  Morgan  O'Connell,  not  merely  as  friendly  "dis- 
coverer "  of  what  they  had,  but  as  nominal  purchaser  of  other 
lands  Maurice  bought  from  time  to  time. 

On  one  occasion,  at  a  dinner-partj^  at  the  house  of  one  of 
the  Blennerhassetts,  some  of  the  born  Protestants  reproached 
Councillor  Hugh  with  aiding  a  Papist  to  buy  land,  and 
threatened  to  swear  Maurice  O'Connell  was  the  purchaser, 
and  "  discover"  on  him,  and  thereby  seize  the  lands. 

"  Swear  away,  and  be  hanged  to  you !  "  replied  Hugh 
Falvey.  "  I  am  ready  to  swear  the  print  out  of  the  Bible  I 
bought  them  myself!  " 

This  was  technically,  if  not  morally,  true. 
The  old  Councillor's  house  was  broken  into  by  robbers, 
who  were  repulsed  by  him  and  his  son  John,  and  in  the 
scuffle  the  old  man  felt  that  one  of  his  assailants  had  lost  a 
certain  finger.  A  man  named  Sullivan,  maimed  in  a  similar 
way,  was  arrested  and  hanged.  His  counsel  raised  the  i)oint 
of  old  Hugh  Falvey's  age,  and  probably  defective  vision. 

His  son  replied,  "  If  my  father  is  too  old  to  know,  1  am 
not." 


Notes  to  Book  I.  57 

Sullivan,  who  was  innocent,  was  hanged ;  another  man 
who  had  lost  a  finger  having  committed  the  hurglary. 
Sullivan's  sister  cursed  the  two  Councillors,  but  exempted 
the  two  Noras.  The  old  man  was  found  dead,  and  the  young 
man  was  killed  by  a  fall  from  his  horse,  as  the  curse  had 
l^redicted. 

It  never  occurred  to  the  peasants  that  those  who  suffered 
innocent  blood  to  be  spilt  rather  than  inform  on  the  guilty 
man  had  a  larger  share  of  blood-guiltiness  than  the  two 
gentlemen  who  honestly  swore  what  they  believed  to  be  true. 

Very  shortly  before  the  relaxation  of  the  penal  laws, 
when  Hugh  Falvey  and  Hunting  Cap  were  both  old  men, 
Maurice  wrote  to  ask  him  to  purchase  Tomies  in  the  usual 
way.  Councillor  Falvey  responded,  "My  dear  Maurice,  if 
I  were  a  few  years  younger,  I  would  be  as  ready  to  oblige  a 
friend  as  ever.  I  regret  that  I  am  too  near  my  end  to  perjure 
myself  any  more,  even  for  so  old  and  valued  a  friend  as  your- 
self." 

Having  given  the  curse  on  Hugh  Falvey,  I  shall  now 
append  a  free  translation  of  "  The  Poor  Scholar's  Blessing  " 
on  Honora  O'Mahony,  Hugh  Falvey 's  wife. 

Note  E. 

"The  Poor  Scholar's  Blessing," 

Taken  down  by  Mr.  0' Sullivan,  Maylor  Street,  Cork,  from  the 
recitation  of  Sergeant  O'Connor  and  a  man  in  County  Cork  ; 
literally  translated  by  the  Piev.  Peter  O'Leary,  C.C.,  Doneraile  ; 
revised  by  Mrs.  Morgan  John  O'Connell.  This  version  does 
not  profess  to  be  metrical,  but  the  general  forms  of  the  lines 
have  been  retained. 

I. 
"Long  has  been  my  weary  wandering,  without  one  living  soul  to  bear 
me  company. 

I  have  come  from  the  distant  North,  from  far  Bananloch. 

I  have  journeyed  thence  on  foot. 

I  longed  to  reach  the  dwellings  of  the  sages  whose  homes  are  in  Killarney, 
by  the  waters  of  Lough  Lein  ; ' 

I  longed  to  hear  them  utter  the  music  of  their  verses  ; 

I  longed  to  study  with  them — to  be  guided  by  their  lore. 

11. 

"I  had  reached  the  land  of  Desmond,  where  the  fair  and  noble  mansions 
rise  up  without  spot  or  stain, 
"Where  dwell  the  generous-hearted,  where  noble  deeds  are  wrought. 
Then  faint  and  weary-hearted  on  the  greensward  I  sank  ; 
On  the  land  of  those  generous  people  prone  I  lay. 

1  Killarney. 


58  The  Last  Colonel  of  the  Irish  Brujade. 

With  tenderest  compassion  they  helped  me  in  my  need  ; 
A  noble  beauteous  lady  then  snatched  me  from  the  grave. 


'When  I  left  my  home  in  Galway  high  hopes  surged  within  my  breast  ; 
I  reckoned  on  my  talents,  and  on  my  learning  too. 
I  brought  this -lore,  these  talents, 

To  the  high-minded  open-hearted  sons  of  the  Kerry  land. 
But  I  lost  the  sweet  boon  of  health. 
I  made  no  friends  by  the  way  ; 
1  became  an  outcast  far  from  kith  and  kin.    . 


■  Then  I  was  guided  by  the  grace  of  the  Son  of  God 
To  the  house  of  Falvey,  whei'e  long  I  dwelt. 
A  ready  welcome  greeted  me.     Though  long  I  tarried, 
None  would  let  me  feel  the  burthen  of  a  boon  conferred. 
Good  friend,  may  thy  race  long  flourish  ! 
May  it  thrive  among  the  nobles  of  the  land, 
And  dwell  for  many  a  day  in  mansions  fair  and  fine  ! 


"  O  Saviour  of  men,  who  knowest  all  our  actions. 
Who  didst  tarry  in  Egypt's  land,  seeking  shelter  from  Thy  foes, 
Who  wast  scourged,  who  wast  smitten  and  condemned  to  die, 
Who  wast  crucified  with  bitterest  intensity  of  hatred, 
I  pray  Thee,  and  implore  through  the  Holy  Ghost, 
To  grant  a  place  in  heavenly  glory 
To  the  lady,  beautiful  and  bounteous, 
Who  gave  the  sufi'ering  wanderer  aid. 
Who  tended  me  within  her  spacious  halls 
From  the  day  I  lay  down  stricken 
Until  I  could  set  forth  again  ! 


"Gracious  and  illustrious  lady,  whom  the  Son  of  God 
Loveth  for  bounteous  deeds, 
Thy  charity  is  not  in  vain. 
The  priest,  the  monk,  the  scholar,  bless  thee  ! 
Thou  hast  the  blessing  of  the  maids 
Who  seek  no  earthly  spouse. 


'  Truly  thou  art  sprung  from  mighty  Brian, 
Who  bore  sway  o'er  the  land, 
Ruled  it  with  fortress  none  might  scale, 
With  buckler  and  with  sword  ; 
From  Brian,  who  drove  the  sons  of  Denmark 
Far  from  the  shores  of  Erin  ; 
Brian,  whose  kingly  I'ace  traced  back  to  Heber. 


"  I  must  not  pass  in  silence  o'er  the  heroes 
Whose  home  was  in  the  sunny  cleft  among  the  hills. 
Hugh,  who  is  meet  to  preside  over  a  gallant  company, 
He  came  to  us  from  afar,  followed  by  his  swift  hound. 


Notes  to  Book  I.  59 

He  springs  from  the  race  of  Falve,  who  brought  McCaurra 
Back  unto  safety  from  the  deck  of  the  ship  of  Turgesius.' 

IX. 

•  In  recent  times  thy  kindred 
Came  hither  from  Iveragh, 
True  sons  of  Milesius  the  Spaniard. 
Thy  kindred  were  among  the  noblest 
Of  the  blood  of  the  Gael. 

Through  all  the  land  of  Erin  there  were  none 
Who  proved  more  worthy  of  their  high  descent. 


"  Thy  kindred  were  high  pillars  of  the  state, 
From  the  Knight  of  Dingle  to  the  Lord  of  Lixnaw  ; 
O'Donoghue  of  the  Glens,  who  smote  his  foes  in  battle  ; 
O'Sullivaii  Beare,  of  the  long  narrow  meads  ;  and  he  of  Tomies,  too. 
Akin  to  thee  were  lofty  Geraldines, 
Their  kindred,  too,  were  thine. 


But  lately  came  thy  people  from  Dromore, 
Where  heads  of  great  old  houses  feasted, 
Quaffing  healths  from  the  costly  bowl  ; 
Around  the  tables  covered  with  fine  wliite  cloths 
Were  gathered  guests  noble  as  any  in  Erin. 


*  The  tradition  referred  to  in  the  text  is  mentioned  by  Abbe'  McGeo- 
ghegan,  in  his  history,  under  date  921,  and  in  a  paper  on  the  O'Keefes 
by  Father  Yarlath  Prendergast,  in  "Franciscan  Annals,"  under  date  944. 
It  occurred  in  a  sea-fight  otf  Dundalk.  Callaghan  was  the  Christian  name 
of  McCarthy,  King  of  Cashel.  Father  Prendergast  thus  tells  it:  "The 
Danes,  having  evacuated  the  city,  marched  to  Dundalk,  and  embarked  in 
their  fleet,  that  then  lay  in  the  bay.  O'Keefe  pursued  them,  and  sending 
a  flag  of  truce,  demanded  the  liberation  of  the  two  Irish  kings.  An 
answer  was  returned  by  the  Danes  tliafc  they  would  not  give  tliem  up 
until  they  received  an  eric  (indemnity)  for  the  Danes  who  fell  in  fifteen 
battles  with  Callaghan  and  his  forces.  In  the  mean  time  Sitric  ordered 
Callaghan  to  be  bound  to  the  mast  of  his  own  ship,  and  Dunchuan  to  be 
lashed  up  to  the  mast  of  the  King  of  Norway's  ship,  in  the  sight  of  the 
whole  Munster  army.  The  Irish  were  enraged  at  this  indignity  ofi'ered 
to  their  king,  but  were  powerless,  as  their  land  forces  had  no  means  of 
attacking  the  enemy,  until  O'Falvey,  the  Irish  admiral,  and  his  ships 
hovered  in  view.  A  dreadful  naval  fight  began,  and  O'Falvey  and  his 
warriors  very  soon  ran  into  the  enemy's  ships,  which  they  grappled  and 
boarded,  releasing  Callaghan,  their  king,  and  giving  him  one  of  his  own 
swords.  The  Irish,  seeing  their  prince  at  their  head  again,  fought  with 
renewed  energy,  and  finally  defeated  the  Danes  and  destroyed  their  fleet. 
The  victory,  however,  was  dearly  bought,  as  the  brave  O'Falvey  fell 
pierced  with  wounds.  Fingal,  the  second  in  command,  seeing  himself 
surrounded  by  the  enemy  on  every  side,  seized  on  Sitric,  and  leaped  into 
the  sea  with  him,  and  both  were  instantly  drowned." 


GO  Tlie  Last   Colonel  of  the  Irish  Brigade. 


XII. 

"Ferriter  of  Boncashla  was  thy  kinsman, 
In  Dunboy  and  Dunlo  long  thy  kindred 
Held  prosperous  sway. 
Should  any  one  in  future  ask  me, 
'  Wiio  is  this  lady  ? '  know  ye 
She  is  Nora,  O'Mahony's  daughter, 
The  bright  compassionate  lady 
Whose  kindness  saved  my  life. 
She  lives  in  the  land  of  Desmond  ; 
At  Faha-na-Fiene 
Is  her  dwelling-place." 

Regarding  the  name  Desmond,  Eoss  O'Connell  appends 
the  following  correction  : — 

Desmond  and  Kerry  were  separate  counties  till  the  reign 
of  James  I.,  1603,  and  remained  distinct  long  after  in  popular 
parlance. — [R.  O'C] 

The  river  Maine  was  the  north  boundary  of  Kerry  and  the 
south  boundary  of  Desmond.  By  an  inquisition  taken  at 
Tralee,  August  20,  1606,  the  county  of  Desmond,  containing 
the  baronies  of  Dunkerron,  Magunnihy,  Iveragh,  and  half  the 
barony  of  Glenarought,  was  the  county  palatine  of  Kerry, 
and  both  were  obliged  to  be  confirmed  and  known  as  the 
county  of  Kerry. 


Note  F. 
Weather-slated  Houses  in  Munster. 

In  describing  Darrynane,  I  forgot  to  say  it  is  weather- 
slated.  The  English  reader  may  not  quite  understand  this 
term.  In  old  days,  before  Portland  cement  came  much  in 
vogue,  people  in  the  south  of  Ireland,  where  slates  were 
cheap  and  plentiful,  coated  the  walls  of  their  houses  with 
them.  Many  old  houses  in  Cork  still  retain  this  protection 
against  wet.  When  the  present  fine  Court  House  in  Cork,  a 
classical  structure  with  colonnades,  was  being  "presented" 
for  before  a  grand  jury,  an  old  grand  juror  proposed  to 
weather-slate  it.  The  opinion  of  the  presiding  judge.  Chief 
Baron  O'Grady,  afterwards  Lord  Gillamore,  was  asked  on  the 
question.  "Gentlemen  of  the  grand  jury,"  replied  the  judge, 
"  in  this  country  people  would  weather-slate  a  warming-pan." 

This  rebuke  effectually  reconciled  the  old  gentleman  and 
his  brethren  to  stucco  and  classic  art. 


Notes  to  Book  I.  01 

Note  G. 
Cantillon  of  Ballyheigue. 

A  branch  of  the  great  Norman  house  of  Cantilupe ;  the 
see  of  Hereford  still  bears  the  arms  of  the  Cantilupes,  or 
Cantillons  :  gu,  three  leopards'  heads  reversed,  jessant,  de  lys 
or,  in  honour  of  St.  Thomas  Cantilupe,  Bishop  of  Hereford 
1275-1282,  and  High  Chancellor  of  England,  son  of  William, 
Lord  Cantilupe,  Lord  High  Steward  of  England,  and  of 
]\Ielicenta  de  Gournay,  Countess  Dowager  of  Evreux  and 
Gloucester. 

William  de  Cantelon  came  to  England  with  William  the 
Conqueror.  An  account  of  the  family  is  given  by  the  Duchess 
of  Cleveland  ("  Eoll  of  Battle  Abbey,"  vol.  i.  p.  237,  ct  seq.), 
who,  however,  errs  in  stating  that  the  Wests,  Earls  Delawarr 
and  Viscounts  Cantelupe,  are  not  connected  with  the  family  of 
Cantelupe.  Lord  Delawarr  descends  from  Sir  Thomas  West, 
created  Baron  West  1342,  and  his  wife  Alainore,  daughter 
and  heir  of  Sir  John  Cantalupe,  of  Hempston  Cantalupe, 
County  Devon. 

The  Cantillons  were  among  the  earliest  Norman  settlers 
in  Kerry.  In  1306  David  Fitzgerald  was  made  Sheriff  of 
Kerry,  and  Eichard  de  Cauntelon  was  among  his  sureties. 
In  1307  John,  son  and  heir  of  Richard  de  Cauntel,  is 
described  as  "late  Sheriff  of  Kerry." 

The  Kerry  Magazine  for  August  1,  1855,  publishes  a 
"computation  of  the  king's  revenue  from  Kerry  in  1254," 
taken  from  Carew  MSS.,  v.  610,  p.  49,  Lambeth  Library, 
wherein  appears,  "Howel  de  Cantilupe,  Compot.  de  xyj"**  viij'' 
pro  vinis  de  wiscke." 

The  name,  spelt  in  divers  fashions,  is  of  constant  occurrence 
in  all  Kerry  records  from  a  very  early  period  until  1688, 
when  the  Cantillons  finally  forfeited.  In  1310  an  action  was 
brought  before  Sir  John  Wogan,  Justice  of  Ireland,  by  Friar 
William  of  Bristol  and  other  Franciscan  friars  of  the  "  Con- 
vent of  Ardfert,"  against  Nicholas,  Bishop  of  Ardfert,  and 
four  chaplains  of  the  chapter,  for  forcibly  taking  from  them 
the  "  corps  "  of  John  de  Cantilupe,  and  burying  it  elsewhere  ; 
the  bishop  and  chapter  were  all  arrested  (Ware's  "Ireland," 
vol.  i.  p.  521,  edit.  Dublin  :  1764).  "  At  a  gaol  delivery  held 
at  Limerick  in  1310,  one  William  FitzRoger,  being  arraigned 
for  feloniously  slaying  Roger  de  Cantelon,  or  Cantillon, 
pleaded  that  he  could  not  commit  felony  by  such  killing, 
aforesaid  Roger  being  an  Irishman  of  the  name  of  O'Hede- 
riscal,  or  O'Driscoll,  and  not  a  Cantillon."     The   plea  was 


62  Tlie  Last   Colonel  of  the  Irish  Brigade. 

valid,  and  the  culprit  was  acquitted  of  felony,  but  the  said 
Eoger  being  an  "  Irishman  of  our  Lord  the  King  {Hibcrnicus 
Domini  Regi),  said  William  was  fined  five  marks  for  the 
value  of  the  aforesaid  Irishman  {i:)ro  solutioni  jircedicti 
Hiber7iici)  "  (Sir  John  Davies'  "Historical  Tracts,"  p.  25, 
quoted  in  O'Connell's  "  Memoir  of  Ireland,"  p.  53,  and  in 
John  Burke's  "Commoners  of  Great  Britain,"  vol.  ii.  p.  569, 
art,  "  O'Connell  of  Darrinane  "). 

Is  it  a  proof  of  advancing  civilization  that  the  life  of  an 
Irishman  is  now  more  highly  rated  ? 

Thomas  Cantylone  died  February  2,  1613,  seised  of  "  the 
three  Bally  heigues  "  and  other  property  in  Kerry;  by  his 
wife,  Honora  Lalor,  he  left  a  son  and  heir,  Richard,  aged 
twelve  years ;  this  son,  who  died  before  May,  1654,  forfeited 
Ballyheigue  in  1641.  Thomas  Cantillon  forfeited  Ballyronan, 
and  was  transplanted  to  Connaught.  His  certificate,  dated 
December  14,  1653,  gives  him  eighty-six  persons,  twenty-two 
acres  of  summer  corne,  nine  cowes,  twenty-one  garrons,  and 
eighty-one  sheep  (Hickson's  "Old  Kerry  Eecords,"  vol.  ii. 
p".  34,  et  scq.). 

In  spite  of  forfeiture  and  duly  authenticated  banishment, 
the  Cantillons  managed  to  linger  on  in  Kerry  till  1688,  when 
they  followed  exiled  Majesty  to  France,  and  there  proved 
themselves  Irish  of  the  Irish  by  speedily  gaining  in  the 
strange  land  greater  honour  and  greater  wealth  than  they 
had  ever  acquired  during  the  many  centuries  they  dwelt  in 
Erin's  Ultima  Thule,  the  kingdom  of  Kerry. 

The  Cantillons  of  Ballyheigue  bore  az.  a  lion  ra.  or, 
between  two  arrows  in  pale  of  the  second,  points  in  base  ar. 
These  arms  were  confirmed  in  1710  to  Eichard  Cantillon, 
banker,  of  Paris,  descended  from  the  County  Kerry  family, 
whose  daughter  and  heiress,  Henrietta,  married,  first  (in  1743), 
William  Howard,  third  Earl  of  Stafford;  second  (1769),  Eobert 
Maxwell,  first  Earl  of  Farnham.  They  were  borne  in  1850 
by  Antoine  Sylvain  de  Cantillon,  Baron  de  Ballyheigue  and 
Chevalier  de  St.  Louis,  representative  of  the  Kerry  family, 
now  extinct  in  the  United  Kingdom. 

I  have  not  succeeded  in  identifying  the  "  subaltern  Can- 
tillon "  to  whom  the  great  Napoleon  left  ten  thousand  francs 
for  an  attempt  upon  the  life  of  Arthur  Wellesley. 

It  is  curious  that  many  Norman  families  in  Ireland 
bear  arms  utterly  different  from  those  of  the  houses  from 
which  they  undoubtedly  derive — Everard,  FitzSimon,  Can- 
tillon, etc.— [E.  O'C] 

The  learned  Dr.  Smith,  in  1756,  was  shown  some  rocks 
visible  only  at  low  tide,  which  the  peasants  say  are  the  re- 


Notes  to  Book  1.  63 

mains  of  an  island  that  was  formerly  the  burial-place  of  the 
family  of  Cantillon,  who  were  the  ancient  proprietors  of 
Ballyheigiie.  Crofton  Croker,  in  his  "Fairy  Legends,"  thus 
describes  it — 

"The  island  was  situated  at  no  great  distance  from 
the  shore,  and  at  a  remote  period  was  overflowed  in  one 
of  the  encroachments  which  the  Atlantic  has  made  on  that 
part  of  the  coast  of  Kerry.  The  fishermen  declare  they  have 
often  seen  the  ruined  walls  of  an  old  chapel  beneath  them  in 
the  water  as  they  sailed  over  the  clear  green  sea  of  a  sunny 
afternoon.  However  this  may  be,  it  is  well  known  that  the 
Cantillons  were,  like  most  other  Irish  families,  strongly 
attached  to  their  ancient  burial-place,  and  this  attachment 
led  to  the  custom,  when  any  of  the  family  died,  of  carrying 
the  corpse  to  the  sea-side,  where  the  cofdn  was  left  on  the 
shore  within  reach  of  the  tide.  In  the  morning  it  had  dis- 
appeared, being,  as  was  traditionally  believed,  conveyed  away 
by  the  ancestors  of  the  deceased  to  their  family  tomb  "  (p.  188). 

Strange  that  so  Irish  a  superstition  should  have  grown  up 
round  a  Norman  race  which  one  wave  of  invasion  had  brought 
into  Kerry  and  another  swept  away.  They  fell  with  the 
other  followers  of  the  great  houses  of  the  Geraldines  of 
Desmond  and  McCarthy  Mor,  and  the  English  ancestors  of 
the  present  popular  Crosbies  came  in  and  settled  at  Bally- 
heigue  and  Ardfert.  O'Callaghan,  whose  account  I  abridge, 
tells  us  how  a  son  of  that  well-known  valiant  follower  of 
King  James,  Viscount  Bulkeley,  married  the  daughter  of 
Phillip  de  Cantillon,  who  had  followed  King  James,  and 
founded  a  great  bank  in  Paris.  Count  Bulkeley  and  the 
Irish  regiment  of  his  name  achieved  high  distinction  in  the 
long  wars  of  Louis  XIV.  One  of  his  sisters  was  married  to  the 
famous  Marshal  Duke  of  Berwick,  another,  first  to  Lord  Clare, 
and  secondly  to  Count  Daniel  O'Mahony,  "  le  brave  O'Mahony 
of  Cremona."  When  the  son  of  Sir  Donogh  O'Brien,  of 
Dromoland,  died  in  Paris  early  in  the  eighteenth  century,  his 
money  matters  were  in  the  hands  of  Cantillon's  bank.  The 
son  of  Phillip  de  Cantillon's  daughter.  Count  Henry  Buckley, 
rose  to  be  a  general ;  but  Marshal  de  Muy,  no  lover  of  the 
Irish,  as  may  be  seen  in  these  letters,  abolished  "  Bulkeley's," 
ninety-two  years  after  it  was  raised  for  King  James,  and 
eighty-five  years  after  its  entrance  into  the  French  Service, 
namely,  in  1789.  Louis  Philippe  granted  the  title  of  Baron 
de  Ballyheigue  to  Antoine  Silvain  de  Cantillon,  the  repre- 
sentative of  the  family  in  France.  A  branch  of  the  family 
who  stayed  at  home  settled  at  a  place  called  Ballyphillij), 
near  Limerick,  and  were  wealthy  and  influential,  but  became 


04  Tlie  Last   Colonel  of  the   Irish  Brigade. 

extinct  in  the  person  of  Mr.  Cantillon,  whose  three  well- 
dowered  daughters  married  three  of  the  finest  and  tallest 
gentlemen  of  the  Mmister  Catholics — McWalter  Bm-ke,  of 
Cornabulliagh,  whose  family  is  extinct ;  Mr.  Phillip  Blake, 
from  the  Comity  Galway;  and  Mr.  Maurice  O'Connell,  of 
Darrynane.  I  heard  an  old  lady,  descended  from  McWalter 
Burke's  wife,  one  of  the  three  Miss  Cantillons,  say  that  Mr. 
FitzGibbon,  the  father  of  the  famous  Lord  Clare,  was  a  poor 
boy  from  near  their  place,  and  that  one  of  them  taught  him 
to  read.  He  afterwards  entered  Trinity  College  as  a  sizar, 
and  bartered  faith  for  lore,  embraced  the  legal  profession, 
and  was  the  distinguished  father  of  a  famous  son. 

Most  honourable  and  interesting  are  the  deeds  of  the 
uncle  and  cousin  of  these  three  damsels  in  foreign  parts.  I 
unearth  them  from  O'Callaghan,  whose  book  I  can  best  com- 
pare to  a  marble  quarry  whence  with  toil  and  trouble  come 
the  precious  blocks  to  be  hewn  into  heroic  effigies. 

O'Callaghan  gives  the  following  interesting  account  of  the 
valour  of  Mary  Cantillon's  uncle  :  "  '  A  celebrated  painter,' 
writes  the  Baron  de  Cantillon,^  from  Paris  to  Mr.  [John] 
O'Connell,  December,  1843,  'has  rej^roduced  a  picture, 
which  is  at  present  my  property,  and  which  treats  an 
historical  subject  concerning  my  family  and  yours.  It  treats 
of  my  great-grandfather,  who  was  likewise  uncle  to  Mary 
O'Connell,  the  wife  of  Maurice,  your  grand-uncle.  The 
subject  is  drawn  from  the  archives  of  the  Minister  of  War  in 
Paris.  It  represents  Captain  James  Cantillon  at  the  battle 
of  Malplaquet,  in  1709,  charging,  at  the  head  of  the  Irish 
Grenadiers  of  Dorrington,  the  English  troops  commanded  by 
the  Duke  of  Marlborough.'  The  official  documents  explain  it 
thus :  '  When  the  left  of  the  French  Army,  taken  in  flank  by 
the  right  wing  of  the  enemy's  army  under  the  orders  of  the 
Duke  of  Marlborough,  began  to  recoil,  the  Marechal  de 
Yillars  brought  up  as  quickly  as  possible  the  Irish  Brigade, 
which  was  in  the  centre.  It  attacked  the  English  troops 
furiously,  and  repulsed  them.  Cantillon,  at  the  head  of 
Dorrington's  Grenadiers,  got  first  at  the  enemy,  shouting, 
"  Fonvard,  brave  Irishmen  .'  Long  live  King  James  III.  and  the 
King  of  France! "  His  sword  was  shattered,  and  he  fell  covered 
with  wounds,  having  killed,  before  his  death,  an  officer  and 
several  soldiers ;  only  fifteen  men  of  the  company  survived, 
the  rest  lay  dead  or  wounded  by  their  dead  captain's  side.'  " 

O'Callaghan  also  mentions  that  his  son,  the  Chevalier 
Thomas  de  Cantillon,  acted  with  distinguished  bravery  at  the 

^  Le  Baron  Cantillon  de  Ballyheigue,  Lieut.-Colonel  3rd  Regiment  of 
Hussars,  President  of  the  Council  of  War,  Paris,  in  1843. 


Notes  to  Book  I.  65 

battle  of  Laffeld,  in  1747.  He  was  an  author  as  well  as  a 
soldier,  and  served  under  his  kinsman,  Count  Bulkeley.  He 
signalized  himself  in  the  attack  on  the  disputed  village  in 
carrying  at  the  head  of  his  company  the  right  of  the  entrench- 
ment, defended  by  the  English  regiment  of  Pulteney " 
(O'Callaghan's  "Irish  Brigade,"  pp.  37,  38,  268,  269,  470). 

In  Fagan's  "  Life  of  O'Connell "  the  following  letter  is 
given  as  a  correction.  The  Mr.  Burke  referred  to  was  the 
father  of  the  late  Mr.  Burke,  of  Lota  Park,  who  descended 
from  the  Burkes  of  Cornabulliagh,  whose  hereditary  title  was 
McWalter  :— 

"You  state  that  Hunting  Cap  never  married.  You  have 
been  misinformed.  His  wife  was  the  daughter  of  Kobert 
Cantillon,  Esq.,  of  the  County  Limerick,  grandfather  mater- 
nally of  the  late  Eobert  Burke  of  this  city.  His  son,  Philip 
Cantillon,  married  my  mother's  eldest  sister,  but  the  family 
is  now  extinct.  When  '  Hunting  Cap '  came  to  Cork,  in 
order  to  settle  the  marriage  of  his  nephew  John  with  Miss 
Coppinger,  he  frequently  called  on  me,  and  entered  into 
many  family  details,  not  forgetting  this  alliance  of  our 
families.  His  father-in-law,  Kobert  Cantillon,  was  the  near 
relative  of  two  brothers,  bankers  in  Paris,  who  had  followed 
the  fortunes  of  James  II.,  and  made  large  fortunes  there, 
which  the  daughter  of  one  of  them  inherited,  and  became 
the  wife  of  the  Earl  of  Stafford,  the  descendant  of  the  un- 
fortunate victim  of  the  Popish  Plot,  Thomas  Howard, 
Viscount  Stafford,  whose  title  of  baron  is  now  possessed  by 
Sir  George  Jerningham,  a  descendant  in  the  female  line,  the 
male  being  extinct.  I  have  some  letters  written  by  the 
Parisian  bankers  between  1720  and  1730  to  my  grandfather." 


VOL.  I. 


66         TJie  Last  Colonel  of  tJie  Irisli  Brigade. 


BOOK   II. 


IRISH  BOYS  ABROAD. 

1761-17G9. 

How  the  young  cousins,  Daniel  O'Connell  of  Darrynane,  and  Morty  of 
Tarmons,  went  to  serve  abroad — Maur-ni-Dhuiv's  parting  lament — 
English  rhymed  translation — How  Chevalier  Fagan  got  Daniel  into 
the  French  Service  and  the  Royal  Swedish  Regiment — Brief  account  of 
last  campaign  of  the  Seven  Years'  War,  wherein  the  boys  smelt  powder 
on  opposite  sides — Chevalier  Fagan's  letter  to  Maurice  O'Connell, 
describing  Dan's  admirable  conduct  during  it,  and  prophesying  his 
future  eminence — Morty  gets  taken  prisoner — Father  Guardian 
O'Brien  helps  him,  and  writes  to  Maurice  O'Connell,  enclosing  a 
letter  from  Morty,  and  consulting  Maurice  about  the  feasibility  of 
making  a  match  between  Marshal  Browne's  son  and  Lord  Ken- 
mare's  daughter — Dan's  letter  (Fort  Louis-on-the-Rhine,  February 
12,  1764) — Answers  to  Maurice  about  his  going  into  the  Spanish  Ser- 
vice—His reasons  for  not  doing  so — Money  matters — Letter  from 
brother  Connell  (17C4)  to  Maurice — Satisfaction  at  Dan's  conduct 
—  Shelbourne  leases  —  Irish  pilots — Letter  from  Dan  to  Maurice 
(Schlestatt,  in  Alsace,  April,  1765) — Friendship  of  Captain  Fagan 
— Brother  Connell's  death — Notice  of  him — Some  of  his  letters — 
Letter  (Schlestatt,  August  6,  1765)  from  Dan  to  Maurice — Wants 
help  to  accept  colonel's  offer  of  a  place  in  Academy — Expectations  of 
wars — Hopes  of  promotion — Kindness  of  his  colonel — He  expects  to 
join  the  staff — Offer  of  place  in  Carabineers — His  studies — Looking 
forward  to  serve  his  own  king  and  country — Letter  (Strasbourg, 
December  27,  1765)  from  Dan  to  his  father,  dejirecating  his  dis- 
pleasure— Death  of  the  Dauphin — Loyalty  of  the  French— School  letter 
(Strasbourg,  February  12, 1766) — Military  School — Probable  advance- 
ment —  Some  hopes  of  war — Letter  (Schlestatt,  June  16,  1766) 
from  Dan  to  Maurice — Joins  his  regiment — Gets  commission  as  first 
lieutenant — Sets  out  for  Switzerland  with  his  colonel — Anecdotes  of 
Morty  of  Tarmons — Letter  (Cambray,  1766)  from  Dan  to  Maurice — 
Marching  with  his  regiment — Sister  Abigail  abroad — Cousin  John 
FitzMaurice— Talks  of  wintering  in  Paris— Letter  (Aire,  August, 
1767)  from  Dan  to  Maurice — Movements  of  the  regiment — He  acts 
as  "  Ofticier  Major  " — Meets  relations — FitzMaurice — Mahony — His 


Irit^h  Boys  Abroad.  67 

cousin  the  Abbe — Daniel  Swiney — Robin  Conway — Talks  of  a  trip  to 
Ireland — Orders  to  appear  before  the  King — Cousin  Maurice  Jeffrey 
— Notice  of  Burkes  of  Cornabulliagh — Letter  of  Father  Guardian 
O'Brien  to  Hunting  Cap  (Buttevant,  December,  1767) — Sir  Walter 
Esmonde — Influenza — Chaj^ter  in  Athlone — Blakes — -Intends  setting 
out  for  Spain — Mrs.  Blake's  visit  to  Darrynane — Rev.  James  Bland 
to  Hunting  Cap,  on  roads — Outlaws  in  Iveragh — Dangers  to  respect- 
able Catholics — Smuggling — Letter  from  Dan  to  Hunting  Cap  (dated 
London,  January,  1768) — Accompanies  his  colonel  to  London — 
Impressions  of  London  roughs — A  letter  from  Gravelines  (March, 
1768)  to  Hunting  Cap— The  post  of  "  Sub- Aide  Major  "—Colonel's 
kindness — Letter  (Gravelines,  May,  1768)  to  Hunting  Cap — Move- 
ments of  the  regiment— Indisposition  of  the  Queen — Sister  Nelly's 
marriage  to  Arthur  O'Leary — Robin  Conway — Penal  law  enforced 
against  Tim  McCarthy — First  letter  of  1769,  dated  from  Mauburge — 
The  affairs  of  Corsica — Paoli — Regimental  affairs — Armorial  bearings 
—  Matrimonial  letter  from  Captain  Robin  Conway  to  Maiirice 
O'Connell  from  Bergues  (January,  1769) — The  Sheriff  goes  smuggling 
— Letter  from  Dan  to  Maurice  (dated  Paris,  August,  1769) — The 
camp — Captain  Fagan — Paris  and  the  gay  world— Claims  of  prefer- 
ment— Hopes  of  going  home — Movements  of  the  regiment — Stephen 
Fagan. 

Some  time  in  the  spring  of  1761  Daniel  Charles  O'Connell, 
being  then  nearly  sixteen  years  old,  got  his  heart's  desire,  and 
entered  the  service  of  France.  He  was  a  tall,  strong,  hand- 
some lad,  with  straight,  fine,  clear-cut  features,  blue-eyed, 
dark-haired,  fair-skinned,  as  most  handsome  Irishmen  are. 
He  had  also  a  very  marked  dimple  in  a  very  shapely  chin. 
He  was  clean-limbed  and  muscular,  without  an  ounce  of 
superfluous  flesh  about  him.  As  he  was  likewise  endowed 
with  the  bright,  winning  look  which  accompanies  a  ready  wit 
and  perfect  health,  it  was  no  wonder,  with  such  good  looks 
and  the  good  manners  so  carefully  inculcated  in  a  well- 
disciplined  home,  that  he  soon  found  friends.  By  a  letter  of 
Connell's,  written  just  before,  it  would  seem  that  his  fate 
was  trembling  in  the  balance,  and  Maurice  had  nearly 
started  him  in  some  other  way  of  life.  In  the  letter  of  con- 
gratulation, wherein  Connell  so  quaintly  styles  Maurice  "  his 
Better  half  "  (written  from  Hamburg  on  March  21, 1760  O.S., 
really,  as  we  count  now,  1761),  *'  I  am  sorry,"  he  says, 
"  to  think  that  poor  Daniel  is  wasting  away  his  time  in  that 
Idle  Country.  I  request,  my  Dr.  Brother,  you  may  urge  my 
Father  to  put  him  to  some  business,  and  that  speedily.     I 


68  The  Last  Colonel  of  the  Irish  Brigade. 

shall  Contribute,  so  far  as  my  abilities  can  reach,  to  forward 
him  in  it.  I  highly  approve  of  poor  Daniel  McCarthy's 
scheme  of  seeking  bread  abroad." 

Dan,  however,  had  not  been  idle.  Before  he  left  home  he 
had  acquired  an  excellent  handwriting,  considerable  fami- 
liarity with  English  and  Latin,  and  I  hardly  suppose,  when 
the  young  servant-lad  was  taught  to  "  read,  write,  and 
siffre,"  that  the  young  son  of  the  house  did  not  make  some 
way  in  figures  and  "  y^  spheres  "  and  accompanying  geogra- 
phical explanations,  in  which  poor  John  had  himself  drilled 
Maurice.     All  his  life  long  my  hero  had  a  passion  for  study. 

All  the  articles  about  him  make  him  enter  wrong  regi- 
ments in  wrong  years,  except  a  contemporary  account  in  a 
Kerry  newspaper,  the  Kerry  Chronicle,  preserved  at  Lake  View, 
and  lent  me  by  his  grand-nephew.  Sir  Maurice  O'Connell. 
His  own  letters  confirm  it  in  every  discrepant  particular 
where  it  differs  from  the  French  "  Biographic  Universelle  " 
the  "  Biographic  Generale,"  and  the  hurriedly  written 
account  contributed  to  the  New  Monthly  Magazine  by  the 
Liberator. 

Tradition  avers  that  Maur-ni-Dhuiv  composed  a  lament 
on  the  departure  of  her  son  and  sundry  young  kinsmen,  who 
sailed  from  Darrynane  Harbour.  Two  of  her  descendants 
gave  me  copies  of  a  metrical  translation  by  the  late  Father 
Charles  O'Connor-Kerry.  I  am  not  disposed  to  think  that  all 
the  eighteen  lads  embarked  together.  Irish  verse  was  largely 
figurative,  and  eighteen  was  about  the  number  of  kinsmen 
then  abroad ;  some,  indeed,  were  already  elderly  colonels. 
I  fancy  that,  in  addition  to  the  boys  and  actual  children  she 
beheld  with  her  bodily  eyes,  she  figuratively  beheld  their 
elders  who  had  gone  out  as  boys  long  before. 

Maur-ni-Dhuiv's  Farewell  to  her  Boy  and  his  Kinsmen. 
The  lads  were  going  to  seek  their  fortunes  in  France  and  Austria.] 


"  To  your  bark,  brave  boys,  haste  ! 
In  our  haven's  deep  strait  is  a  sail  ! 
On  through  the  shallows,  and  o'er  the  watery  waste 
For  France,  with  my  blessing  on  the  gale  ! 


Irisli  Boys  Abroad.  G9 

To  the  land  of  the  Lily  bear  the  Shamrock  of  our  isle. 
May  they  bloom  above  the  blood-stained  Rose  ! 
Ye  are  safe  upon  the  wide  sea.     The  cruiser  lags  a  mile. 
God  be  praised  !     Ye  have  baffled  your  foes. 

II. 

"  Let  me  weep  ;  for  we  meet  not  again. 
Never  ship  bore  a  goodlier  freight — 
Twice  nine  noble  scions  of  the  Soldier  of  Spain. 
O'Donoghue's  two  gallant  sons  are  climbing  yonder  mast, 
To  cast  a  last  look  on  the  land. 

And  my  own  five  brave  O'Connells  are  shedding  tears  so  fast 
They  cannot  see  their  mother  kiss  her  hand. 

III. 

' '  There  are  three,  there  are  three  at  the  stern, 
And  three  and  three  are  leaning  o'er  the  side. 
Donal  Cam's  sable  brows  among  them  I  discern, 
And  the  fair  locks  of  Mahony's  pride. 
In  that  galley  are  two  more,  but  I  cannot  see  their  face  ; 
Poor  babes  I  are  they  laughing  on  the  deck  ? 
Oh,  full  soon  they  will  be  men,  and  prove  worthy  of  their  race  ! 
Thy  white  shield,  O  McCartie,  has  no  speck. 

IV. 

"  My  sons  and  my  nephews,  we  are  one  ; 
One  red  stream  is  flowing  in  our  veins. 
My  blessing,  then,  will  follow  you  with  the  radiant  sun, 
And  my  fervent  prayers  when  dark  night  reigns. 
Ye  go  your  ways.     A  greater  chief  from  me  shall  yot  bo  born 
To  triumph  over  ocean's  haughty  lord. 

Remember  in  your  heart  of  hearts  the  Sassenach's  foul  scorn  ; 
In  his  breast  find  a  sheath  for  your  swords."  ' 

When  she  saw  the  fleet  Httle  craft  bearing  away  this  band 
of  boys,  her  own  youngest  son  among  them,  the  spirit  of  a 
bardic  prophetess  seized  her.     She  followed  them  from  her 

'  As  I  have  already  said,  Maur-ni-Dhuiv's  poem  was  translated  by 
the  late  Father  Charles  O'Connor-Kerry,  C.C.  How  accurate  the  version 
may  be  I  know  not.  The  ship  only  bore  one  of  her  sons — Daniel,  her 
youngest  ;  but  four  of  the  party  were  her  nephews.  The  allusions  to  the 
shamrock,  rose,  and  lily  as  symbolical  of  Ireland,  England,  and  France, 
need  no  interpretation.  "McCarthy's  spotless  shield"  alludes  to  the 
well-known  annorial  bearings  of  that  old  clan — a  snow-white  shield, 
bearing  a  stag.  Donal  Cam  was  the  last  great  chieftain  of  the  O'Sullivan 
Beares,  who  defended  Dunboy,  and  was  finally  driven  to  Spain.  She 
metaphorically  applies  his  name  to  some  young  scion  of  his  race.  The 
"  Soldier  of  Spain"  is  a  usual  paraphrase  for  the  mythical  Milesius,  whom 
many  of  the  southern  families  of  Ireland  claimed  as  an  ancestor. 


70  TJie  Last  Colonel  of  the  Irish  Brigade. 

lonely  shore  out  to  the  wide  thronged  world  beyond  the  sea, 
her  fancy  saw  fame  and  fortune  in  store  for  them,  and 
revealed  a  man,  sprung  from  her  race,  who  should  burst  the 
fetters  and  avenge  the  wrongs  of  his  country.  The  proud 
heart  of  the  woman  who  had  gazed  tearless  on  her  dead  first- 
born craved  an  avenging  hero,  returning  with  fire  and  sword, 
to  redress  the  wrongs  of  her  race  and  creed.  She  did  not 
dream  of  how  this  regeneration  was  to  be  achieved  by  the 
babe,  yet  unborn,  destined  to  spring  from  her  own  race.  Still 
less  could  she  have  dreamt  of  the  peaceful  triumphs  of  elo- 
quence, of  Emancipation  won  by  a  civil  organization — by  words 
and  votes,  not  swords.  The  Tribune  of  the  peoj^le  always 
dutifully  declared  that  his  eloquence  was  inherited  from  his 
rhyming  grandmother. 

The  passionate  bitterness  of  the  verses  can  be  easily 
understood  when  we  force  ourselves  to  realize  how  education 
was  contraband,  and  a  career  such  as  they  sought  forbidden 
in  Ireland. 

To  the  myriad  perils  of  flood  and  field,  which  the  cavalier 
of  fortune  must  of  necessity  confront,  was  added  the  risk  of 
capture  at  the  very  outset  of  the  boy's  career.  The  smuggling 
clipper  with  its  freight  has  to  run  the  gauntlet  of  pursuit. 
Superior  speed  and  lightness  of  build  will  give  it  a  lead,  and 
suffer  it  to  skim  through  the  rocks  and  shallows  of  the 
perilous  Smugglers'  Sound,  to  race  the  heavier  Eevenue  cruiser 
in  the  open  seas.  The  mothers  of  the  young  lads  had  often 
to  stand  on  the  shore  and  watch  the  start  of  this  perilous  race 
at  the  very  offset  of  the  career  of  their  boys. 

The  mother's  parting  cry  to  her  boy  gives  us  no  details 
as  to  whither  the  fleet  smuggling  craft  bore  her  precious 
burthen.  Dunkirk  was  the  great  "smugglers'  nest,"  and 
it  was  near  the  frontier  where  the  Eoyal  Swedes  were  gene- 
rally stationed  when  not  in  the  field.  Caen  was  where  the 
other  boy,  Connell,  had  been  sent.  Count  O'Connell's  own 
letters  describe  the  arrival  of  sundry  Irish  lads,  imported 
by  himself  and  other  kinsmen  of  the  Brigade.  The  little 
wanderer,  ranging  from  twelve  to  seventeen  (the  younger  the 
better,  so  as  to  get  schoohng  in  France),  was  entrusted  to  a 
friendly  smuggling  skipper,  and  by  him  handed  over,  generally 


Irisli  Boijs  Abroad.  71 

with  from  £20  to  £30  in  gold,  and  two  suits  of  clothes  and 
a  good  lot  of  Irish  linen  shirts — plain  and  ruffled — to  the 
correspondent  of  the  firm,  who  either  entertained  him  himself 
or  passed  him  on  to  some  retired  veteran  of  the  Brigade, 
many  of  whom  had  married  Frenchwomen  and  settled  down 
as  interpreters,  or  part  instructors,  part  boarders,  of  Irish 
people ;  the  lads  learning  certain  branches  of  a  military  and 
polite  education  from  the  veterans,  and  attending  classes  for 
the  rest.  Others,  again,  had  married  rich  wives,  and  lived 
at  ease ;  but  all  were  equally  ready  to  take  in  a  little  boy 
from  the  old  country,  who  came  within  the  immense  concate- 
nations of  a  Kerry  cousinship,  where  sixth  cousins  are  quite 
countable.  The  new-comer  was  as  a  son  of  the  house,  until 
an  officer  returning  to  his  garrison,  a  merchant  visiting  his 
foreign  correspondent,  a  friar  changing  from  one  convent  to 
another,  or  a  batch  of  students  going  to  some  great  college, 
took  charge  of  the  boy,  and  consigned  him  to  the  Irish  officer 
who  had  got  him  into  the  regiment. 

I  am  unable  to  find  out  to  whom  the  boj^  Dan  was  con- 
signed. Conways,  FitzMaurices,  and  dear  old  Chevalier 
Fagan  all  appear  as  guides,  philosophers,  and  friends  in  his 
early  letters. 

The  old  Kerry  paper  lent  me  by  Sir  Maurice  O'Connell 
gives  my  hero's  adventures  on  landing.  I  omit  a  few  of  its 
reflections  and  digressions  here  and  there.     It  says — 

"  The  following  genuine  account  of  so  very  respectable  a 
character  as  Count  O'Connell  will,  we  hope,  prove  acceptable 
to  our  readers  ;  more  particularly  when  it  is  considered  that 
this  county  gave  birth  to  a  man  who,  both  as  a  gentleman  and 
a  soldier,  would  be  an  honour  to  any  country. 

"  His  father  was  celebrated  for  his  hospitality,  for  which, 
as  for  the  most  unbounded  benevolence  and  urbanity,  the  late 
ingenious  Dr.  Smith  has  paid  him  the  highest  compliments  in 
his  topographical '  History  of  Munster.'  .  .  . 

"  At  the  age  of  fifteen,  he  [Daniel  O'Connell]  set  out  with 
the  intention  of  joining  the  Imperial  Army,  where  there  were 
some  of  his  relations,  by  whose  interest  he  expected  to  get  a 
commission.  But  having  in  his  way  through  Flanders  met 
Chevalier   Fagan — then   under   cure  from  a  bad  wound,  to 


72         The  Last  Colonel  of  the  Irish  Brigade. 

whose  generosity  many  of  his  fellow-countrymen  were  in- 
debted for  their  advancement  in  life,  and  whose  characteristic 
is  beneficence — he  was  induced  by  his  persuasion  to  join  the 
regiment  of  Eoyal  Suedois,  to  the  colonel  of  which  he  was 
strongly  recommended  by  the  chevalier.  In  a  few  months  he 
was  promoted  to  a  sub-lieutenancy.  It  was  then  near  the 
close  of  the  last  Continental  war,  the  termination  of  which 
put  an  end  to  further  advancement,  so  that  Mr.  O'Connell 
remained  a  subaltern  for  seven  or  eight  years." 

The  dear  old  Chevalier  Fagan's  actions,  as  alluded  to  in 
letters  extending  over  forty  years,  prove  the  accuracy  of  this 
description  of  his  fatherly  heart  towards  young  Irish  lads. 
There  was  some  sort  of  far-away  cousinship  between  the 
families  of  Fagan  and  O'Connell,  and  a  curious  similarity  in 
one  point  between  the  old  soldier  and  the  young  one — each 
belonged  to  a  family  where  twenty-two  living  children  had 
been  born  to  one  father  and  mother.  The  quaint  old  Georgian 
grange  of  Darrynane,  and  the  lofty,  gabled  town  house  of  the 
Fagans  in  Cork,  both  exist — the  one  smothered  in  more 
spacious  modern  buildings  ;  the  other  converted  into  a  shop,  as 
the  tide  of  fashion  has  ebbed  away  from  the  hill  which  bears 
St.  Mary's  "  North  Cathedral "  and  the  fine  old  town  houses 
which  have  been  long  deserted  by  the  upper  classes. 

The  appellation  "  Chevalier"  had  a  threefold  meaning  in 
eighteenth-century  France.  The  cadets  of  great  houses  bore 
it  as  a  title  ;  Knights  of  Malta,  as  a  matter  of  right ;  and  the 
Military  Knights  of  St.  Louis,  as  a  proud  and  hard-earned  mili- 
tary distinction.  Except  in  the  case  of  princes,  the  admission 
to  the  Military  Knighthood  of  St.  Louis  required  distinguished 
services  or  some  feat  of  personal  bravery.  I  had  the  pleasure 
of  examining  a  set  of  documents  showing  how  Sir  Charles 
McCarthy-Lyragh  (descendant  of  McCarthy  of  Manche,  who 
had  followed  King  James  to  France)  won  it. 

Chevalier  Fagan  does  not  seem  to  have  seen  much  active 
service  after  this  latter  part  of  the  Seven  Years'  War,  but  to 
have  ended  his  days  a  half-pay  captain  of  horse,  while  his 
Ijrotege  rose  to  be  a  general ;  but  from  first  to  last  the  same 
devoted  friendship  existed  between  them.  A  couple  of  cen- 
turies before  a  similar  bond  of  almost  paternal  and  filial 


Irish  Boys  Abroad.  73 

affection  and  dutifulness  bad  existed  between  two  Frencb 
gentlemen,  soldiers  of  anotber  King  Louis.  In  tbe  firm 
friendsbip  of  tbe  two  Irisbmen,  and  tbe  gratitude  and  respect 
of  tbe  younger,  I  like  to  recognize  tbe  same  spirit  wbicb 
actuated  Captain  Louis  d'Ars  and  bis  scbolar,  tbe  Cbevalier 
Bayard. 

Tbe  very  first  letter  in  tbe  precious  book  of  bound  Irisb 
Brigade  letters  ^  referring  to  Count  O'Connell  and  bis  com- 
rades is  endorsed,  in  bis  brotber's  band,  "  Capitaine  de 
Fagan,  Bergue,  1762."  It  bears  date,  Bergue',  January  2, 
1762.    It  begins— 

Dear  Sir, — I  received  tbe  letter  you  bave  lately  favoured 
me  witb  but  a  few  days  ago.  As  Mr.  Hennessy  knew  I  was  to 
come  to  tbis  country,  be  kept  it  in  bis  bands.  I  sent  it  oft" 
direct  to  Dan,  as  I  know  bow  proud  be'll  be  of  bearing  from 
you,  tbo'  you  scbold  bim  to  some  purpose,  and  I  dare  say 
witbout  tbe  least  fault  on  bis  side,  as  bas  constantly  com- 
plained of  your  silence,  and  tbat  be  bas  sbow'd  me  a  letter 
be  writt  to  you  last  August.  Had  I  tbe  honour  of  being 
known  to  you,  I  sbould  not  be  pleased  witb  tbe  needless 
Compliments  you  make  me  on  my  baving  been  bappy  enougb 
to  serve  bim,  for  bad  I  done  infinitely  more  for  bim,  I  am 
daily  more  tban  sufficiently  recompensed  by  tbe  bonour  be 
does  bis  country  and  all  bis  friends. 

I  bave  Seen  bim  very  often  in  tbe  montbs  of  7'"■^  8'"■^  and 
9'"'®,  and  bave  received  a  letter  from  bim  yesterday.  He  is  in 
very  good  bealtb  ;  and  as  to  bis  conduct,  its  so  prodigiously 
excellent  tbat  I  give  you  my  bonour  I  never  saw  bis  fellow. 
His  prudence,  address,  and  singular  knowledge  of  tbings  bave 
rendered  bim  dear  to  Numbers  of  note,  and  bis  application. 
Master  botb  of  tbe  frencb  and  dutcb  tongues  ;  and  what  I 
tbink  more  surprising  is  tbat  tbere  are  few  subalterns  of  any 
age  tbat  know  tbeir  trade  balf  as  well  as  be  does.  In  sbort, 
Sir,  if  be  lives,  be'l  certainly  sbine  most  brilliantly. 

I  can  give  you  some  little  Advertisements  as  to  bis  finances, 
wbicb,  I  am  sbure,  are  actually  low,  as  be  was  not  a  little 
embarrassed  last  winter  for  an  equipage  [outfit].  I  prevailed 
on  bis  cousin,  Abbe  FitzMaurice,  to  lend  bim  wberewitball  to 
enter  tbe  field.  Wbicb  Money  was  to  be  paid  bis  friends  by 
you.  I  bave  beard  notbing  of  tbat  since,  but  bave  forwarded 
bim  a  bill,  last  summer,  wbicb  Mr.  Hennessy  Eemitted  me. 
You  must  not  be  allarmed  at  wbat  be  actually  costs  you,  for 

*  Lent  me  by  my  kinsman,  Chi'istopher  FitzSimon,  of  GlancuUen. 


74  The  Last  Colo )i el  of  the  Irish  Brigade. 

its  80  necessary  for  advancement's  sake  that  it  should  be  so, 
that  I  ashure  you  that  one  of  my  Brothers,  who  came  to  this 
Country  at  the  same  time  with  him,  and  who  leads  the  same 
life,  has  already  cost  me  forty  pounds,  and  besides  about 
thirty  he  brought  with  him  from  home.  I  still  know  the 
worth  of  Money,  and  my  Means  were  not  certainly  equall  to 
yours.  I  hope  you'll  be  so  good  as  to  excuse  my  entering 
into  this  detale  with  you  in  favour  of  what  has  induced  me  to 
it,  which  can  be  nothing  else  than  my  friendship  for  your 
family  and  my  love  for  my  Country. 

I  consequently  will  be  freer  again  with  you,  for  as  the 
present  Moment  seems  criticall  as  to  Changes  and  reforma- 
tions in  everything  thats  Regimentall,  I  think  it  would  be 
prudent  to  Eemitt  something  to  this  Dear  Boy. 

I  repeat  again,  the  Nerf  of  war  is  the  Nerf  of  advance- 
ment. You'll  probably  enable  him  thereby  to  be,  in  a  short 
time,  able  to  do  for  himself.  I'l  forward  with  pleasure  any- 
thing you  chuse  to  send  him.  Adieu,  Dear  Sir,  and 
believe  me, 

Sincerely  attached  to  you  and  yours, 

C.  Fagan. 

The  veteran  was  so  much  in  the  habit  of  speaking  French 
that  he  comically  gives  "  nerves  "  instead  of  "  sinews  of  war." 

From  the  letters  and  the  notice  in  the  old  newspaper  we 
can  easily  see  exactly  what  befell  the  lad.  I  have  not  been 
able  to  make  out  who  the  acting  Colonel  of  the  Koyal  Swedes 
was.  "The  Count  my  Colonel"  is  what  young  Dan  calls 
him.  Dan  must  have  joined  the  regiment  as  a  cadet  some 
time  in  the  early  spring,  but  after  February  13.  Probably 
his  cousin  Morty  of  Tarmons  got  a  sudden  call  to  Austria, 
and  the  same  opportunity  of  transport  was  availed  of  to  send 
out  the  two  young  kinsmen. 

Joining  the  French  Service  in  time  for  the  two  last  cam- 
paigns of  the  Seven  Years'  War,  the  beardless  boy,  attached 
as  a  cadet  to  the  foreign  regiment,  soon  had  a  chance  of 
learning  practically  "  the  soldier's  glorious  trade."  The  bold 
and  sudden  stroke  of  the  allied  commander,  Prince  Ferdinand, 
early  in  February,  when  military  etiquette  supposed  all  belli- 
gerents still  comfortably  settled  in  winter  quarters,  inflicted 
some  damage  on  the  French,  though  the  eventual  balance  of 
honour  and  success  lay  with  them  at  the  close  of  the  cam- 
paign of   1761.     The  decrees  of  kings   and   plans   of  field- 


li''tf<]i  Boys  Abroad.  75 

marshals  reacted  on  the  fortunes  of  every  gentleman  bearing 
arms  on  any  side.  Doubtless  the  swift  and  sudden  February 
attack,  the  early  success  of  the  Allies,  and  all  the  fighting 
that  went  on,  led  to  the  sudden  calling  out  of  scores  of  cadets 
who  would  not  otherwise  have  been  made  into  full-fledged 
officers  so  soon.  For  a  long-headed,  hard-working,  strong  lad 
like  my  hero,  it  was  a  wonderful  chance.  His  natural  apti- 
tude for  languages  stood  him  in  remarkable  stead,  as  this 
facility  is  by  no  means  common  among  French  people.  The 
stirring  scenes  among  which  he  was  thrown  rapidly  developed 
in  him  a  precocious  manliness  and  steadiness  of  character. 
All  communications  with  home  seem  to  have  miscarried, 
but  he  had  his  father's  nephew,  the  Abbe  FitzMaurice,  and 
the  Chevalier  Fagan  to  advise  him.  But  for  their  timely  aid 
he  could  not  have  accompanied  the  regiment,  as  campaigning 
implied  a  horse  and  various  other  requisites,  uniforms,  arms, 
etc.,  all  comprised  in  the  word  "  equipage,"  i.e.  equipment, 
which  a  cadet  was  not  possessed  of,  and  for  the  jprice  of 
which  there  was  no  time  to  write  home. 

The  stout  old  captain  of  horse  must  have  been  wounded 
in  the  early  hostilities  of  the  campaign,  and  must  have  been 
lodging  in  some  Flemish  town  when  the  boy  Dan  landed. 
He  must  have  joined  his  regiment  in  the  early  autumn,  as  he 
mentions  frequent  meetings  with  Dan  in  September,  October, 
and  November,  1761,  after  which  the  armies  retired  to  winter 
quarters. 

At  the  close  of  the  campaign  of  17G0  the  French  had  all 
Hesse  and  the  town  of  Gottingen,  and  good  posts  on  the 
Lower  Ehine.  Prince  Ferdinand,  the  allied  commander,  got 
his  troops  ready  early  in  February,  1761,  swooped  down 
unexpectedly  on  Hesse,  and  drove  the  French  beyond  Cassel 
and  Gottingen.  The  French  lost  Fritzlar  on  the  15th.  The 
Allies  proceeded  to  besiege  Cassel  on  the  one  part,  and  to 
engage  French  and  Saxons  towards  Gottingen,  where  the 
Prussians  got  the  best  of  it  on  February  14  at  Laganfalze, 
on  the  Unsbruk.  The  French  withdrew  then  from  a  consider- 
able extent  of  country.  The  Count  de  Vaux,  Commander  of 
Gottingen,  then  beat  some  Hanoverians  and  took  Duderstadt. 

Marshal  de  Broglie  called  up  the  army  of  the  Lower  PJiine, 


76  The  Last  Colonel  of  the  Irish  Brigade. 

and  proceeded  to  relieve  Cassel.  He  sent  forward  a  splendid 
body  of  dragoons,  who  broke  through  the  Hanoverian, 
Hessian,  and  Brunswick  foot,  and  took  two  thousand  of  them 
prisoners.  The  siege  of  Cassel  was  raised  after  twenty-seven 
days  of  open  trenches,  and  the  Allies  evacuated  the  whole 
country  of  Hesse.  Both  armies  then  retired  to  winter 
quarters. 

All  through  the  campaign  of  1762  the  two  lads,  who  had 
left  their  kindred  homes  in  Kerry,  had  plenty  of  hard  fighting 
on  opposite  sides. 

The  rest  of  the  united  French  armies  retreated  before 
Prince  Ferdinand,  and  eventually  fled  behind  the  Lahne. 
There  was  a  great  deal  of  fighting  outside  Cassel  until,  in  the 
words  of  the  ''Annual  Eegister,"  "this  capital  of  an  unfortu- 
nate principality,  which  has  been  so  often  taken  and  retaken 
during  the  course  of  this  war,  despairing  of  relief,  at  length 
surrendered  to  the  victorious  arms  of  the  Allies,  after  a  siege 
of  fifteen  days  of  open  trenches." 

The  signing  of  the  preliminaries  of  peace  at  this  time, 
notified  in  the  two  armies,  put  a  happy  conclusion  to  all 
military  operations. 

Such  was  the  close  of  the  Seven  Years'  War,  in  which 
young  Dan  O'Connell  first  smelt  powder,  was  marched, 
countermarched,  had  his  infinitesimal  share  of  a  series  of 
reverses,  and  bore  his  small  part  in  a  couple  of  brilliant 
successes,  serving  against  England,  which  he  was  afterwards 
to  serve. 

The  first  letter  in  the  collection  of  Irish  Brigade  letters,  as 
we  have  seen,  concerns  my  special  hero  ;  the  second  relates 
to  his  cousin  and  lifelong  friend,  Morty  of  Tarmons,  after- 
wards Baron  Moritz  O'Connell,  of  the  Austrian  Service.  The 
writer,  Father  Guardian  O'Brien,  head  of  the  famous  old 
Irish  Franciscan  Monastery  at  Prague,  was  a  cousin  of  Miss 
Molly  Cantillon,  who  had  recently  espoused  Maurice  O'Connell, 
of  Darrynane,  young  Morty's  first  cousin.  The  worthy  father 
is  such  an  amusing  letter-writer,  and  so  very  much  less  dry 
and  formal  in  style  than  the  soldiers  who  fill  most  of  the 
letter-book,  that  I  shall  quote  any  of  his  letters  I  can  find. 

I  note  a  curious  coincidence  in  three  lives  I  have  examined 


Irish  Boys  Abroad.  77 

into.  Here  we  have  Abbe  FitzMaurice  lending  young  Dan 
the  price  of  the  first  "  equipage,"  i.e.  outfit ;  and  Father 
Guardian  O'Brien  mounting  and  equipping  young  Morty 
when  he  was  taken  prisoner ; — a  clerical  kinsman  appearing 
at  the  turning-point  of  each  boy's  career.  When  Daniel 
O'Houny  lands  in  Spain  after  the  great  Peace  of  Utrecht,  and 
his  way  to  all  promotion  in  the  British  Navy  is  barred  by  the 
Test  Act,  Father  John  O'Houny,  kindest,  jolliest,  and  yet 
most  devout  of  Irish  friars,  persuades  the  youth  to  enter  the 
service  of  Spain.  He  endures  horrible  hardship  and  poverty 
at  first,  but  dies  an  admiral.  But  for  the  three  clerics,  the 
pecuniary  aid  of  the  two  first,  the  advice  of  the  third,  there 
would  not  have  been  three  successful  cavaliers  of  fortune, 
each  would  have  been  foiled  on  the  threshold  of  a  career  of 
enterprise  leading  to  an  old  age  of  honour  and  profit. 

Young  Morty  O'Connell,  of  Tarmons,  serving  in  the  great 
Marshal  Daun's  own  regiment  of  horse,  can  be  easily  traced,  as 
history  chronicles  the  movements  of  that  distinguished  com- 
mander, who  was  pitted  against  no  less  an  antagonist  than 
the  great  Frederick.  The  Austrian  leader  attempted  to  save 
Schwerdnitz,  the  key  of  Silesia,  in  July,  but  was  caught 
between  two  Prussian  armies  and  routed.  The  town  held 
out  till  October,  having  resisted  two  months'  siege  with  open 
trenches.  Frederick  turned  his  victorious  arms  on  Saxony. 
At  first  the  Austrians  had  some  successes,  but  were  badly 
beaten  at  Freyberg,  and  two  hundred  and  forty  officers  were 
made  prisoners  on  October  29. 

The  Prussians  broke  into  Bohemia  and  pushed  on  almost 
to  the  gates  of  Prague ;  they  entered  that  kingdom  also  from 
another  quarter,  and  made  destructive  raids  over  Saxony, 
Franconia,  and  even  Suabia. 

Everywhere  the  Austrians  were  brave  and  unfortunate, 
though  their  Empress-queen  saved  her  crown  by  their  valour 
and  devotion.  Scores  of  brave  Irishmen  served  in  her  ranks, 
from  Marshal  Ulick  Browne  down  to  the  lads  mentioned  in 
this  boy's  letter  a  century  and  a  quarter  old. 

He  is  in  the  Austrian  corps  garrisoning  Bohemia,  and 
comes  into  the  capital  to  pay  his  respects  to  kind  Father 
Guardian  O'Brien.     His  writing  is  clear  and  legible,  a  small 


78         Tlie  Last   Colonel  of  the  Irish  Brigade. 

running  foreign  hand.  The  spelling  is  excellent.  The  only 
changes  I  make  are  filling  in  some  of  the  abbreviations.  His 
father  was  a  younger  brother  of  Daniel  O'Connell,  the  builder 
of  Darrynane,  to  whose  eldest  son,  Maurice,  he  writes.  That 
long-headed  individual  was  brains-carrier,  banker,  and  law 
adviser  to  his  multitudinous  kinsfolk. 

Prague,  April  y"  12'\  1763. 

Deaeest  Cousin, — Our  regiment  being  within  4  Miles  of 
this  town,  I  came  in  here  yesterday  to  Pay  my  Compliments 
to  Father  Guardian  O'Brien,  and  return  him  thanks  for  his 
care  in  forwarding  y*"  contents  of  y®  bill  to  me,  which  he  has 
effected  3  Weeks  ago,  at  a  very  seasonable  time  when  I  had 
been  in  y^  greatest  Distress.  This  Money  he  has  sent  me 
intire,  tho'  had  been  indebted  to  him  4  Po*  since  y''  unfortunate 
time  of  my  coming  to  Prague  in  September  last,  after  y®  loss 
of  my  baggage,  when  I  had  been  in  y*'  most  grievous  misfor- 
tune until  relieved  by  this  worthy  Gentleman  as  being  then 
destitute  of  all  necessaries.  So  Expect,  Dear  Cousin,  these 
4  P''^  may  be  paid  by  my  Father  to  his  Orders  without  loss  of 
time,  as  Civilities  of  this  nature  are  not  to  be  abused  of.  I 
know  my  poor  Father  will  be  surprised  at  my  Embarrassing 
him  so  much,  which  he  may  be  confident  nothing  but  y*^ 
greatest  Distress  would  oblige  me  too.  I  have  lately  received 
his  Letter  which  gave  me  inconceavable  Satisfaction  to  find 
that  he,  my  poor  Dearest  Mother,  and  all  my  friends  were  well. 
Assure  you  both  of  an  everlasting  Duty  at  my  Side  which 
no  change  will  make  me  forgett.  I  gott  away  from  here 
in  a  hurry  with  Father  O'Brien's  horses  to  my  regiment, 
as  we  afterwards  march  towards  Vienna,  where  we  remain  in 
garrison. 

Nothing  at  present  could  happen  more  lucky  for  me,  as 
being  there  at  y*"  fountain-head,  all  means  will  be  tryed  by  L' 
Colonel  Pierce  for  placing  me,  if  possible.  Y"  Great  God  relieve 
me  out  of  my  present  Station  as  being  a  very  unprofitable 
and  fatiguing  one.  No  news  here.  Captain  O'Connell  is  ran- 
somed, and  on  March  to  his  regiment,  which  comes  in  quarters 
to  Colir,  7  miles  from  Prague.  0' Sullivan  likewise,  who  goes 
into  Italy.  My  D''  Cousin  and  [your]  Brother  Dan  O'Connell 
wrote  to  me  lately.  He  is  well,  and  greatly  esteemed  by  his 
Colonel.  Adieu,  Dearest  Cousin,  and  believe  me  to  be  with  y^ 
Sincerest  Love, 

Your  ever  Affectionate  Kinsman  and 
most  humble  Servant, 

M.  O'Connell. 


Irtsli  Boys  Abroad.  79 

P.S. — Please  to  Present  iny  best  Compliments  to  Mrs. 
Connell,  tlio'  unacquainted,  also  my  J)^  Uncle  and  Aunt  and 
intire  family  of  Darrinane,  with  all  other  friends  in  y*^  Coun- 
try. My  poor  C  Father  and  Mother,  pray  assure  them  that 
as  soon  as  possible  I'll  go  to  see  y™  [them],  as  they  may  be 
assured  their  Longing  to  see  me  can't  be  greater  than  mine 
to  have  one  sight  of  y",  as  they  occupy  my  thoughts  con- 
tinually. D""  Cousin,  Excuse  y*^  badness  of  my  writing,  as 
being  in  vast  haste. 

This  epistle  shows  strong  family  feeling  depicting  Father 
Guardian  O'Brien's  kindness  to  this  kinsman  of  his  cousin's 
husband,  whom  he  has  as  yet  never  seen,  while  Morty  had 
never  seen  his  cousin's  wife.  Each  presents  formal  greetings 
to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Maurice  O'Connell,  "tho'  unacquainted" 
respectively  with  his  own  relative's  spouse. 

I  can  trace  in  the  old  "  Annual  Eegister"  of  1762  the  move- 
ments of  the  armies  to  which  the  young  Dan  and  Morty  were 
attached.  The  French  had  two  armies  in  the  summer  cam- 
paign of  1762 — one  under  the  Prince  de  Soubise  and  Marshal 
d'Estrees  on  the  Weser;  the  other  under  the  Prince  de  Conde 
on  the  Lower  Ehine.  As  the  old  "  Annual  Eegister  "  observes, 
the  campaign  began  in  very  much  the  same  place,  and  they 
contended  for  pretty  much  the  same  objects  which  they  had 
struggled  for  in  the  two  preceding  years.  In  June  they  sus- 
tained heavy  losses  at  Grakenstein,  on  the  borders  of  Hesse, 
by  the  united  arms  of  England  and  Austria,  and  were  only 
saved  from  destruction  by  the  heroism  of  M.  de  Stamville, 
with  the  flower  of  the  infantry,  who  covered  the  retreat.  In 
July  they  were  obliged  to  evacuate  Southern  Hesse,  and  in 
August  Gottingen  and  Northern  Hesse.  In  the  end  of  July 
they  lost  Munden,  and  the  enemy  crossed  the  Fulda.  He 
sent  message  after  message  to  Prince  de  Conde,  to  bring  the 
army  of  the  Lower  Rhine  to  their  aid.  On  August  30,  how- 
ever, the  French,  under  Marshals  de  Soubise  and  d'Estrees, 
had  a  brilliant  victory  on  the  heights  of  Johansberg  over  the 
Prince  of  Brunswick,  and  garrisoned  Cassel  with  ten  thousand 
men. 


80         The  Last  Colonel  of  the  Irish  Brigade. 

Father  Guardian  Bonaventure  O'Brien,  of  the  Irish  Franciscans 
at  Prague,  to  Hunting  Cap. 
My  Dear  Cousin, — I  received  your  letter  with  the  bill  for 
Mr.  O'Connell  of  Daun's  Kegiment  with  a  vast  deal  of  pleasure, 
and  without  delay  got  that  sum  paid  thro'  the  means  of  a 
friend  of  mine,  a  banker  in  this  town,  altho'  the  assignation 
was  on   Amsterdam.     Since   I  had   the   pleasure   of  being 
acquainted  with  this  young  Gentleman,  I  neglected  no  occa- 
sion to  render  him  all  the  service  in  my  power,  and  without 
flattery  he  highly  deserves  the  esteem  and  attention  of  every 
well-meaning  man.     Still,  his  being  a  near  relation  of  yours 
shall  urge  me  at  all  times  to  seek  for  fresh  occasions  of  exert- 
ing my  zeal  and  friendship  in  his  favour.     Pray  make  my 
humble  respects  agreable  to  my  Cousin  your  spouse,  whom 
I  sincerely  congratulate  with,  to  have  had  the  happiness  of 
being  join'd  to  a  gentleman  of  your  parts  and  happy  charac- 
ter.    If  you  are  in  Lord  Kenmare's  neighbourhood,  you'd  do 
me  a  singular  favour  in  letting  me  know  how  old  his  daughter 
is,  her  humour  and  other  qualities,  also  her  fortune.     This 
request  will  seem  strange  to  you  at  the  beginning,  the  case 
is — General  Brown,  only  surviving  Son  and  Heir  to  the  late 
Marshal  of  that  name,  has  spoke  to  me  about  that  young 
Lady,  and  seems  inclined  to  marry  in  Ireland.     As  he  is 
extremely  attatched  to  me,  he  confided  this  thought  of  his  to 
me  as  a  Secret,  so  that  I  wouldn't  be  glad  any  should  know 
it  but  yourself  alone.    In  case  she  would  be  to  his  purpose,^  he 
intends  setting  of  for  Ireland  in  some  time,  and  I  am  to 
accompany  him.     He  has  a  charming  Estate  in  this  kingdom, 
and  his  Post  besides  brings  him  in  a  thousand  a  year.     He 
speaks  no  English,  so  it  is  necessary  to  mention  if  the  young 
Lady  understands  the  french.     I  believe  Lord  Kenmare  would 
willingly  agree  to  the  match.     The  Count  told  me  he  would 
write  to  him,  but  not  till  your  answer  arrives.     So  that  I 
earnestly   entreat   you   to   loose  no   time   in   consideration. 
You'll  pardon,  I  hope,  this  Liberty,  which  I  do  only  on  con- 
dition that  you'll  let  me  know  when  I  can  be  serviceable  to 
you  or  any  of  your  friends  in  these  parts,  and  you'll  all  find 
by  experience  that  y*"  commands  will  be  executed  with  the 
greatest  readiness,  candour   and  sincerity  by  him  who  has 
the  honour  to  be,  with  the  profoundest  veneration  and  respect. 
My  Dearest  Cousin, 

Your  Most  Affec*^  M^  Obedient  and 
most  humble  Servant, 

Bon.  O'Brien, 
Prague,  June  1, 1763. 

mart'  Unhappily,  she  was  only  a  child  at  this  time,  as  the  fourth  Lord  Ken- 
^  was  married  in  1750. 


Irish   Bo)/s  Ah  road.  81 

P.S. — My  being  abroad  iu  the  country  for  several  weeks 
with  General  O'Donnel  has  retarded  this  letter  so  long.  Cap- 
tains O'Connell  and  Macarthy,  Colonel  Mac  Elygott  and  his 
brother  the  Major,  who  is  actually  here,  make  you  and  Lady 
their  compliments,  to  which  I  pray  y^'  joyn  mine,  tho'  unac- 
quainted. I  recommend  Secrecy  once  more  about  what  I 
mentioned.  You'll  be  pleased  to  gett  the  four  pounds  men- 
tioned on  the  other  side  paid  to  my  father,  John  O'Brien,  at 
Buttevant. 

The  letter  had  remained  over  from  April  to  June  before  it 
was  finally  despatched. 

General  Browne  did  not  marry  Lord  Kenmare's  daughter, 
and  the  family  of  the  heroic  old  marshal  is  extinct.  Miss  M. 
Agnes  Hickson,  on  whose  "  Old  Kerry  Eecords  "  I  have  drawn 
so  largely,  sends  me  the  following  notice  of  the  family.  In 
trying  to  trace  a  connecting  link  between  Limerick  and  Kerry 
O'Connells,  Mr.  J.  G.  Hewson,  of  Holywood,  near  Adare,  "  a 
very  clever  antiquarian  and  genealogist,"  sent  her  the  memo- 
randum.    Miss  Hickson  writes  me — 

"  Mr.  Hewson  says  that  in  his  youth,  some  forty-six  years 
ago,  there  was  living  near  him  at  Kilfinny,  or  near  it,  a 
Eoman  Catholic,  Mr.  Gerald  Fitz Gerald,  of  Ballinvara,  who 
married  a  Miss  Brown,  a  member  of  the  distinguished  family 
of  Browns  of  Camas  Awney  and  Brown's  Castle,  near  Bally- 
longford,  between  1200  and  1584,  when  they  forfeited  for 
adherence  to  Desmond.  One  of  them,  however,  Annabel 
Brown,  married,  first,  a  Captain  Apsley,  an  officer  in  Eliza- 
beth's army,  by  whom  she  had  two  daughters,  co-heiresses 
of  their  maternal  grandfather,  John  Brown  of  Awney 's 
Estate  at  Hospital.  One  Apsley  co-heiress  married  Lord 
Cork  ;  the  other.  Captain  Thomas  Brown,  and  had  by  him  a 
son,  from  whom  Lord  Kenmare  descends  in  the  female  line, 
and  who  brought  to  him  the  Hospital  Estates.  After  Apsley's 
death,  Annabel  Brown  married  Captain  Spring,  of  Kerry,  and 
by  a  network  of  marriages,  of  her  father's  kinsmen  and  her 
own  descendants  by  Spring,  she  was  ancestress  of  the  Browns 
of  Camas,  in  the  last  century.  One  of  these,  Ulick  Brown,  went 
into  the  Austrian  Service  in  or  about  1720,  and  became  Field- 
marshal  and  Count  under  Maria  Teresa  and  Joseph  H.,  like 
his  cousin  Lacy.      In  or  about  1840  Field-Marshal  Brown's 

vol,.   1.  G 


82  The  Last   Colonel  of  the  Irish  Brigade. 

descendant  in  Austria  died,  and  left  a  considerable  sum  of 
money  to  the  Miss  Brown,  his  cousin,  who  had  married 
Gerald  FitzGerald,  of  Ballinvara." 

My  hero's  first  preserved  letter  immediately  follows  Father 
Guardian  O'Brien's  in  the  letter-book.  He  is  mentioned  in  a 
letter  of  Connell's.  There  is  not  a  word  of  his  campaigning 
or  his  adventures.  Strange  to  say,  in  the  long  series  of  his 
letters,  extending  over  sixty-six  years,  there  is  not  a  single 
description  of  any  of  his  many  escapes.  The  Chevalier 
Fagan  writes  of  his  first  campaign.  Count  Bartholomew 
O'Mahony  tells  his  family  of  his  remarkable  escape  from  what 
seemed  certain  death  on  board  the  floating  batteries  at  the 
siege  of  Gibraltar,  in  1782.  In  actual  war-time  it  was  very 
difficult  to  transmit  letters.  Still,  just  after,  I  am  sure  he 
must  have  written  to  his  mother.  He  refers  on  several  occa- 
sions to  letters  written  to  her  and  his  various  sisters,  especially 
to  Nancy,  the  youngest  of  all  the  family. 

Doubtless  he  told  his  hairbreadth  escapes  to  them. 
Curiously  enough,  the  first  letter  preserved  is  about  his  leaving 
the  French  Service.  The  lad,  with  the  eminent  good  sense 
which  distinguished  him,  was  strongly  averse  to  forfeiting  the 
advantages  he  had  acquired  by  three  years'  hard  work  and 
steady  application,  and  probably  knew  more  about  foreign 
soldiering  being  a  very  poor  thing  everywhere  than  did  his 
brother  at  home,  who  might  have  fancied  any  young  Irish 
soldier  of  fortune  could  live  on  a  lieutenant's  pay.  That 
sagacious  relative,  however,  had  the  good  sense  to  yield  to 
the  boy's  reasons,  and  suffer  him  to  remain  where  he  had 
already  set  foot  on  the  lowest  rung  of  the  ladder  of  fortune. 

The  expectations  entertained  a  year  before  by  "  Cousin 
Morty  of  Tarmons,"  that  Lieut.-Colonel  Pierce's  good  will 
and  their  residence  at  Vienna  would  have  benefited  his 
fortunes,  were  futile,  though  Marshal  Daun's  lieut. -colonel 
seems,  by  his  name,  to  have  been  an  Irishman.  Ban's 
colonel  was  a  foreigner.  Irishmen,  Swedes,  and  Germans 
served  in  the  French  Swedish,  Irish,  and  German  regiments, 
and  probably  there  was  no  vacancy  in  an  Irish  regiment  when 
the  lad  joined  the  Eoyal  Swedes.  "  Officer  in  the  Eoyal 
Swedish  Regiment  in  his  most  Christian  Majesty's  service  "  is 


Irish  Boys  Abroad.  83 

the  invariable  direction  given  until  he  became  a  captain. 
Cadets  were  not  designated  officers.  Maurice  Geoffrey  and 
Maurice  Charles  were  the  sons  of  kinsmen.  (The  members 
of  younger  branches  of  Irish  families  generally  used  their 
father's  Christian  name.  My  husband  was  always  "  Morgan 
John,"  even  a  few  years  ago.)  We  trace  them  in  many 
letters.  "  Abby  "  was  the  little  niece,  half  reared  at  Darrynane, 
where  her  widowed  mother  and  she  went  frequently  on  long 
visits. 

The  following  is  the  first  letter  preserved  of  the  future 
General  Count  O'Connell : — 

Daniel  Charles  O'Connell,  of  the  Royal  Swedes,  to  his  brother 
Maurice,  o/  Darrynane. 

Fort  Louis-on-the-Rhine,  February  12,  1764. 

My  Dear  Brother, — I  have  just  Reed,  y*"  Letter  of  the  20"* 
December,  Containing  a  Bill  of  thirteen  Jt,  Sterg.,  which  has 
been  punctually  Discounted,  and  in  Consequence  of  your 
Orders,  Lose  not  an  instant  in  answering  you.  It  Does  me 
the  greatest  Uneasiness  to  find  me  under  a  Necessity  of 
troubling  you,  and  the  more  so  as  I  apprehend  you  suspect 
me  of  being  y''  Cause,  by  my  Conduct,  why  it  falls  so  heavy  on 
you.  Depend  on't  your  Suspicious  on  that  Head  are  very  ill 
Grounded,  as  Well  as  the  Unkind  Conjectures  of  those  that 
Insinuate  that  I  never  Write  home  but  when  I  want  money. 
I  should  be  sorry  to  think  you  entertained  so  base  an 
opinion  of  me,  and  I  give  you  my  honour  no  Sentiment  so 
ungenerous,  so  unworthy,  shall  ever  find  a  Place  in  my 
Breast. 

With  Eegard  to  the  Proposal  you  make  me  of  quitting  this 
Service  and  getting  into  that  of  Spain,  I  acknowledge  myself 
too  Deeply  Indebted  to  ray  Dear  Brother  to  Refuse  Executing 
his  will  m  any  Degree,  but  at  the  same  time,  must  observe  to 
you  how  imprudent  it  appears  to  me  to  Relinquish  a  sure 
Establishment  for  an  Uncertainty;  but  what  ever  be  the 
consequence,  I  shan't  hesitate  to  take  the  measures  j'ou 
Dictate. 

I  have  communicated  y''  L""  to  my  Colonel,  who  is  vastly 
against  my  quitting,  and  whose  Friendship  I  have  Reason  to 
Rely  on.  The  Particular  Distinction  he  makes  between  me 
and  the  other  Ofiicers  of  the  Corps  is  a  convincing  proof  on't. 
Captain  Fagan  also  Disapproves  y°  scheme  absolutely.  So 
that,  to  be  plain  with  you,  nothing  but  a  Certainty  of  meeting 


S4  Tlie  Last   Colonel  of  the  Irish  Brigade. 

with  some  advantage  in  that  service  can  justify  such  a  pro- 
ceeding. Let  me  know  without  Delay  what  you  build  on ; 
and  if  you  persist  in  my  going  to  seek  my  fortune  elsewhere. 

Send  me  the  Letters  of  Eeccommendation  necessary  for  a 
journey  of  500  Leagues  ;  and  on  the  least  prospect  of  pushing 
myself,  I  shall  willingly  concur  with  you,  for  make  no  doubt 
of  my  Eeadiness  to  Run  every  Risk  on  the  lightest  appearance 
of  being  Able  to  repay  the  favours  of  my  friends.  On  the 
other  hand,  if  you  should  Resolve  to  leave  me  as  I  am,  Be 
good  enough  to  let  me  know  the  Annual  sum  I  can  Reckon  on. 
Whatever  it  be,  I  shan't  murmur,  and  Rather  than  Importune 
you,  I  shall  take  some  other  Course  of  Life  in  hand  if  I  find  it 
impossible  to  maintain  me  decently  in  this. 

Adieu,  my  Dear  Brother.  I  shall  ever  Retain  the  warmest 
sense  of  y"^  favours,  and  shall  think  me  happy  to  occupy  a 
place  in  y""  friendship  and  Esteem.  Be  good  Enough  to 
answer  me  without  Delay,  and  Rely  on't  that  I  shall  ever  be, 
with  unceasing  tenderness,  your  most 

Respectful  and  affectionate  B'', 

Danl.  O'Connell. 

My  Duty  to  father  and  mother,  and  affection  to  Sisters 
Connell  and  Brother  Morgan,  and  My  friendship  to  Mick 
Falvey,  and  compliments  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Fagan.  All  friends 
in  these  parts  are  well.  I  lately  had  a  L""  from  C"*  Maurice 
Geoffrey  and  Maurice  Charles  O'Connell ;  the  former  seems 
to  be  in  distress.  Let  me  hear  some  account  from  B""  Connell. 
My  Love  to  all  my  Brothers  and  Sisters.  Embrace  Abby  for 
me.  My  Duty  to  my  Uncle  and  Aunt  of  Tarmons,  and  let 
em  know  that  I  expect  soon  to  hear  from  Cous°  Morty.  I  have 
wrote  on  that  subject  to  Lt. -Colonel  Pierce. 

My  address,  A  Monsieur  D.  O'Connell,  Officier  au  Regiment 
de  Royal  Suedois. 

The  following  letter  from  Connell  O'Connell  to  his  brother 
Maurice  gives  us  the  first  mention  of  Daniel's  soldiering  in 
home  letters. 

This  letter  is  of  considerable  interest,  as  it  shows  how, 

while  one  boy  was  gone  to  be  a  soldier  in  France,  friends 

wanted  another  to  enter  the  Spanish  Navy.     I  append  in  a 

note  ^  how  well  a  naval  pilot  fared.    From  the  letters  of  these 

Sullivans  I  fancy  that  was  what  made  Dan's  father  and  elder 

brother  so  desirous  he  should  enter  the  Spanish  Service.    Says 

Connell — 

'  See  Note  A,  p.  131. 


L'isli  Boys  Abroad.  85 

London,  July  25,  1764. 

My  Dr.  Brothr., — I  have  been  duly  favoured  with  y""  ac- 
ceptable answer  of  y®  1st  inst.,  by  which  I  have  y*^  satisfaction 
to  find  that  absence  does  not  in  y*^  least  diminish  y®  place  I 
always  flattered  myself  I  held  in  your  esteem,  and  which  I  .  .  . 
and  shall  look  upon  my  dear  brother  as  my  greatest  happi- 
ness. Its  witli  y^  utmost  satisfaction  I  hear  of  poor  Daniel's 
conduct  and  advancement,  but  am  greatly  concerned  att  y^ 
precarious  situation  of  y*^  poor  gentlemen  of  that  country  con- 
cerning Lord  Shelbournes  leases.^  Mr.  Owen  0' Sullivan  is 
att  present  in  this  town,  but  sets  out  for  Cadiz  next  September, 
whence  he  immediately  proceeds  commander  of  a  ship  to 
Lima.  Gyles  is  still  here  and  goes  out  with  him.  He  has 
been  kind  enough  to  make  me  an  offer  of  his  interest  if 
inclined  to  goe  that  way,  which  I  declined,  as  itt  is  very  diffi- 
cult to  gett  preferment  in  that  service  without  great  friends, 
and  a  person  must  qualify  himself  by  serving  y*^  King  18 
months,  and  then,  if  he  gets  a  voyage,  lye  idle  a  year  or  two 
before  he  can  gett  an  other.  Mr.  Sullivan  is  a  worthy  honest 
man,  and  will,  I  am  sm'e,  serve  me  or  any  of  our  familys  to  y^ 
utmost  of  his  power. 

I  have  not  y'^  pleasure  of  being  acquainted  with  Mr. 
McNamara,  neither  doe  I  know  how  he  can  be  of  any  service 
to  me,  as  we  seldom  touch  so  low  as  Malaga.  I  am  att  pre- 
sent going  out  y*^  same  voyage  in  y®  same  ship,  station,  and 
employ  I  was  before,  and  hope  to  be  back  in  5  or  6  months. 
B""  Morgan  sent  me  Daniel's  address.  I  have  wrote  to  him 
some  time  agoe,  but  have  received  no  answer.  He  likewise 
mentions  a  nephew  of  Father  Morgan's,  son  to  y''  late  Danl. 
Connell,  who  intends  for  y'*  sea ;  whom  I  should  with  pleasure 
serve  if  in  my  power,  but  can  do  no  more  for  him  than  bind- 
ing him  to  serve  some  of  my  acquaintance,  except  he  chuses  to 
wait  till  I  am  lucky  enough  to  get  a  command.  I  have  wrote 
by  y"  post  to  my  Father.  We  have  little  or  no  news  here. 
People  in  general  imagine  y^  Peace  won't  be  of  long  duration. 
Please  to  make  my  love  to  my  Sister. 
I  am,  my  dear  Brother, 

y  most  dutiful  and  loving 

Connell  0"  Connell. 

I  shall  here  quote  an  earlier  letter  of  poor  young  ConnelPs, 
and  the  letter  referring  to  his  death.  He  had  spare  cash  and 
bills  to  over  £70  on  hand  when  he  was  killed.  We  thus  per- 
ceive that  seafaring  was  far  more  profitable,  if  less  genteel, 

^  See  p.  1G0. 


86  The  Last  Colonel  of  the  Irish  Brigade. 

than  soldiering.  At  the  same  time,  Dan  was  obliged  to  draw 
on  unwilling  supplies  from  home,  and  to  practise  the  most 
penurious  economy. 

Connell  had  been  serving  on  board  a  privateer,  seeing  the 
■world,  writing  home  most  interesting  accounts  of  foreign  ports, 
tempests,  hairbreadth  escapes,  and  profitable  ventures.  He 
seemed  on  the  road  to  fortune  when  he  was  lost  at  sea. 
There  are  a  set  of  letters  about  him  at  Darrynane  still,  full 
of  human  interest.  He  had  evidently  intended  to  help  on 
the  young  brother,  who  never  trespassed  more  than  he  could 
help  on  friends  at  home,  but  who  found  it  impossible  to  live 
without  a  fixed,  though  moderate,  allowance. 

The  following  letters  were  found  by  the  present  Daniel 
O'Connell  in  old  Maurice  O'Connell's  secretaire.  Before  the 
relaxation  of  the  penal  laws,  the  famil}^  did  not  put  "  0  " 
on  the  outside  of  letters.  Dan  and  Connell  sign  "  O'Connell  " 
inside  their  letters,  and  put  "Connell,"  omitting  the  prefix, 
outside. 

I  extend  contractions,  but  otherwise  leave  the  spelling 
intact.  The  letter  from  the  poor  young  sailor  possesses 
considerable  human  interest. 

Hamburgh,  March  21,  17G0  [O.S.]. 

My  Dear  Brother, — Your  most  acceptable  favour  of  y*' 
15  Ultimo  I  with  inexpressible  comfort  received,  It  being  y° 
only  one  I  had  from  y^  [that]  Country  since  August,  1758, 
which  I  impute  to  y*"  reasons  you  assign  in  y""  letter,  as  I  find 
by  y''  same  that  all  my  letters,  both  to  my  father  and  you, 
since  my  Departure  from  England  till  my  arrival  here,  mis- 
carried. I  shall,  according  to  your  Directions,  give  y*"  an 
account  of  my  Adventures  since  20'"  January,  1759  [really 
1760,  as  the  old  style  legal  year  began  on  the  25th  March], 
on  which  day  we  sailed  from  Falmouth,  till  y""  18th  October, 
1760,  which  was  y''  Date  of  y*"  letter  you  received. 

I  sailed  from  Falmouth  on  y*"  above  Day,  Second  Mate 
in  a  Letter  of  Marque  bound  to  Cape  Breton  and  Rhode 
Island,  to  which  place  she  belonged  ;  but  having  y''  mis- 
fortune to  loose  her  Rudder  on  y''  High  Seas  between  v* 
20  and  21  of  March,  in  y;  Lt.  28"  31'"  N.,  W.  Lg.  46"  15^ 
bore  away,  with  a  kmd  of  Rudder  wee  knocked  up  for  New 
Providence,  one  of  y''  Bahama  Islands,  where  we  arrived  y'' 
20*"  of  April,  with  only  25  lbs.  bread,  half  a  Barrel  of  Beef, 
and  one  Cask  of  Water  on  board.     Wee  there  remained  till 


Iri^h  Boijs  Abroad.  87 

yc  2nti  Qf  May,  when,  having  got  a  New  Eudder  and  Everythmg 
else  in  proper  repair,  we  Sailed  for  Cape  Briton,  where  we 
arrived  y*^  3'''^  of  June,  after  a  Passage  of  32  days.  During 
which  Nothing   occurred.     From  Louisbourgh  we   sailed,  a 
few   days   after   Admiral  Saunders   sailed   for   Quebec,    and 
arrived  att  New  Port  in  Pihode  Island  y*^  1&^  of  y''  following 
July,  when,  to   Compleat   y^  Voyage,  y*^   Merchants   refused 
paying  y*-'  wages,  which  amounted  to  near  £500.     Wee,  how- 
ever, Libeled  y*^  Vessel  [technical  phrase  for  seizing  the  ship 
for  debt],  which  was  y*^  most  expeditious  way  to  come  by  our 
money  ;    but  in  spite  of  our  Endeavours,    the   Merchants, 
through  roguery,  prolonged  y*^  sale  of  y®  Vessell  for  six  weeks. 
When  I  discovered,  being  then  there  three  weeks  and  un- 
willing to  loose  any  more  Time,  I  sold  what  was  coming  to 
me  for  £l5,  and  immediately  quitted  y*^  Island  for  New  Yorke. 
When  I  got  there,  I  accidentally  met  Cousin  Denis  McGil- 
licuddy,  who  was  then  fitting  out  in  a  Snow  [species  of  brig]. 
I  leave  y®  to  Judge  our  mutual  pleasure  at  y*^  meeting.     I 
remained  3  weeks  after  at  New  Yorke,  and  might,  with  y'' 
recommendations  of  my  friends,  have  gone   Chief  Mate   of 
Several  Vessals ;  but  Cousin  Denis  being  shipped  chief  mate 
of  y®  brigg  wee  both  now  belong  to,  and  unwilling  to  part 
each  other  after  so  short  an  Interview,  I  concluded  to  come 
Second  Mate  with  him.     Wee  are  bound  from  here  for  Yorke, 
and  shall,  God  willing,  drop  down  y*-*  river  in  a  Day  or  two. 
Y®  Vessell  belongs  to  Messrs.  Still  well  &  Keley,  of  York ;  y° 
latter  of  which  gentlemen  I  was  informed  was  a  Limerick 
man.     It's  very  much  in  his  power  to  be  of  service  to  me. 
I  request,  my  Dr.  Brother,  you  may  procure  me  Letters  of  re- 
commendation from  his  friends  in  Limerick  to  that  gentleman. 
You   can   better  conceive  than  I  express  y®  satisfaction 
it  gave  me  to  hear  of  }''  being  married  in  a  creditable  Ifamily, 
and  to  y*^  satisfaction  of  my  Parents  and  you.     As  to  y*^  Un- 
limited Letter  of  Creditt  you  were  good  enough  to  Send  me, 
as  it  Comes  from  y""  Hands,  whom  I  always  looked  upon  as  my 
Better  half,  I  shall  only  say  that  I  expect,  with  y''  Assistance 
of  y^'  Almighty,  never  to  be  guilty  of  anything  y*  may  incur 
y^  Displeasure  or  in  y*^  Least  Alienate  y*"  affection  you  always 
had  and   at   present  shew  for   me.      It  was  vastly  y*'  .  .  . 
[illegible  word]  agreable  as  it  happened  to  me.    M.  Bourouhes, 
who  is  y''  Merchant  we  were  consigned  to  here,  he  has  been 
good  enough  to  promise  to  recommend  me  to  Mr.  Stillwell, 
our  owner.     I  have  taken  what  you  ordered.  Namely,  £25 
stg,,  and  you  have  two  receipts  of  y*^  same  date  and  for  y*^ 
same.     Y''  money  I  laid  out  as  you'll  see  at  foot  of  this  letter. 
I  am  glad  to  hear  that  Brother  Morgan  is  become  attentive 
to  his  and  my  Father's  business,  but  sorry  to  think  that  pour 


88  The  Last   Colonel  of  the  Irish  Briyade. 

Daniel  is  wasting  away  bis  time  in  that  Idle  Country.  I 
request,  my  Dr.  Brother,  you  may  urge  my  Father  to  put 
him  to  some  business,  and  that  speedily.  I  shall  Contribute, 
so  far  as  my  abilities  can  reach,  to  forward  him  in  it.  I 
highly  ai^prove  of  poor  Daniel  McCarthy's  scheme  of  seeking 
bread  abroad  rather  than  .  .  .  any  time  in  them  parts  .  .  . 
He  may  depend,  if  ever  it  should  lye  in  my  way  in  anything 
that  I  can  do  by  him,  It  is  to  be  .  .  .  the  other  will  take 
y^  Example  by  him.  I  could,  in  short,  prolong  this  letter 
a  twelvemonth ;  but  as  room  grows  scarce,  and  it  would  be 
putting  you  to  needless  expence  to  pay  treble  postage  for  a 
letter,  I  shall  conclude  with  my  Duty  to  my  Parents,  Love 
to  y''  Spouse  and  my  Sister,  Brother  Morgan  and  my  other 
Brothers  and  Sisters,  relations,  and  all  Enquiring  friends. 
y  most  Dutiful  and  Ever  loving  Brother, 

CONNELL    O'CONNELL. 

P.S. — Let  me  once  more  remind  y®,  my  Dr.  Brother,  of 
the  recommendation  to  Mr.  Keley,  and  send  it  Enclosed  to 
me  to  New  Yorke.  You  may  Depend  I'll  miss  no  oppertunity 
of  writing  either  to  my  Father  or  you  an  account  of  my 

Venture. 

£     s.    d. 
30   Cases  Geneva,  Falmouth,  with  all  charges, 

on  Board 21  10     4 

1001b.  Boheatea,  at  2s.  6c/.,  all  Mixed 12  10     0 

In  all         £34     0     4 

Connell  was  returning  home  in  the  spring  of  1765,  when 
he  was  washed  overboard  in  a  storm  near  Cape  Clear.  The 
ship  must  have  been  wrecked,  as  it  eventually  drifted  off  the 
north  coast  of  Ireland,  where  it  was  washed  ashore.  The 
following  letter  simply  refers  to  the  poor  lad's  belongings. 
It  is  endorsed,  ''  Messrs.  Connor  of  London's  letter  of  this 
Date." 

London,  June  11,  1765. 
Sir, — We  have  yours  of  80th  April.  Note  what  you  say 
in  regard  to  your  Brother's  affairs,  in  which  we  shall  assist 
all  in  our  power.  As  for  what  the  People  in  the  N.  of  Ireland 
write  you,  we  can  say  little  to  that,  for  we  had  so  many 
wrong  accounts  from  them  that  we  were  glad  to  get  clear 
at  the  expence  of  paying  £500  and  upwards  before  the  ship 
could  be  got  away.  Your  Brother's  Chest  is  on  board  safe, 
but  very  little  inside,  we  believe ;  nothing  except  an  old  coat 
or  something  of  that  kind,  these  very  People  in  the  North 
taking  care  tu  strip  that  with  everything  else.     The  Note  you 


Irish  Boys  Abroad.  89 

mention  from  the  2nd  Mate  for  £8,  we  find,  and  shall  he  to 
jour  credit.  There  is  also  an  other  Note,  of  one  Denis 
McGillycuddy,  to  your  brother  for  £13  10s.  M.,  dated  10th 
Day  of  April,  1760.  As  for  money,  we  find  only  3  gold 
crowns,  and  the  Stock  Buckle  you  mention  never  was  his. 
His  Shoe  Buckles  were  in  his  shoes  when  lost.  Can't  be 
supposed  he  had  two  pairs.  Them  you  mention  were  the 
Boatswain's,  who  was  unfortunately  Elsewhere  Lost.  The 
Silk  and  Velvet  you  mention  is  at  the  Custum  House,  and 
doe  not  apprehend  any  part  except  some  trifle  as  belonging 
to  him,  and  shall  doe  what  we  can  for  you.  We  find  he  had 
several  things  from  people  here  on  credit,  which  we  suppose 
that  money  we  paid  Mr.  Murphy  long  since  was  intended  for, 
being  £52,  balance  of  his  bill  after  paying  the  Hozier  £14  10s. 
It  is  to  oblige  yon  that  we  interfere,  as  we  can  have  no  busi- 
ness with  things  of  this  nature,  only  great  trouble.  When 
affairs  can  be  determined,  we  shall  pay  your  order  anything 
of  your  Brother's  that  may  come  into  our  Hands. 
We  are.  Sir, 

Your  Umble  Servs., 

Chaks.  &  Ja.  Connor. 

The  news  of  Connell's  death  naturally  caused  the  most 
poignant  grief  to  his  young  brother.  The  anguish  he  felt 
is  discernible  through  all  the  stiff  periods  of  his  letter. 
Connell  had  evidently  been  the  pet  of  all  at  home,  where 
some  coolness  had  supervened  on  Dan's  refusal  to  give  up 
the  French  Service.  Connell  must  have  been  a  man  of  most 
genial  and  lovable  nature,  and  was  the  one  of  all  the  family 
whom  Dan  seems  to  have  loved  the  best. 

Sclestatt,  in  Alsace,  April  14,  1705. 
My  Dr.  Brother,— I  have  rec*^  y""  Letter  of  4'^  february, 
wrote  from  Dubhn,  giving  me  the  shocking  account  of  the 
unfortunate  fate  of  our  Dear  and  Worthy  brother  Connell,  for 
whose  memory  I  shall  ever  cherish  a  tender  regard,  and 
should  have  been  earlier  in  endeavouring  to  console  you,  my 
Dear  Brotl/  and  Parents  had  we  not  daily  expected  marching 
for  Dunkerque,  but  our  Reg'  has  been  but  yesterday  counter- 
manded. I  am  at  a  loss  what  to  say.  Laying  my  grief 
before  you  would  be  but  aggravating  yours,  of  which  I  appre- 
hend the  bad  consequences,  knowing  your  affection  for  Dear 
Connell,  whose  Virtues  and  happy  Dispositions  rendered  him 
so  justly  Dear  to  all  his  friends.  When  I  consider  my  Situa- 
tion, just  deprived  of  a  Brother  who  discovered  the  greatest 


90  Tlie  Last  Colonel  of  the  Irish  Brigade. 

desire  of  forwarding  me,  whose  Letter  a  Lasting  Monument 
of  his  Fondness  now  between  my  hands,  daily  prescribes  to 
me  my  Duty  towards  God  and  the  World,  at  the  same  time 
that  it  puts  me  in  mind  of  what  I  owe  his  soul.  When  I 
reflect  on  the  Situation  of  my  family,  to  whom  I  am  but  a 
useless  burthen  instead  of  helping  'em,  as  my  dear  Connell 
could  have  done,  I  am  tempted  to  put  an  end  to  a  Life  now 
become  Odious  to  me  and  importunate  to  my  friends.  Alas  ! 
my  Eesolution,  I  mean  that  Eesignation  we  owe  to  the  will 
of  the  Almighty,  Resignation  which  ought  to  be  Superior  to 
all  Wordly  Accidents.  This  is  sufiicient  to  let  you  see  the 
principles  from  which  I  endeavour  to  derive  consolation,  so 
true  is  it  the  only  Source  we  can  now  render  our  Dear  Con- 
nell is  daily  to  fervently  implore  the  Omnipotent's  mercy 
for  his  soul.  This  certainly  [would]  be  the  proof  he  would 
desire  of  our  Love,  were  he  in  condition  to  Desire  one,  besides 
we  should  Look  on  Death  a  seperation  of  a  few  years  or  per- 
haps but  a  few  months,  and  a  Motive  so  Laudable  as  expect- 
ing to  rejoin  a  Dear  one  in  the  happy  presence  of  our  Maker 
should  be  an  Additional  [source]  of  satisfaction,  not  only 
during  this  Life,  but  also  in  the  hour  of  Death.  I  am  convinced 
you  have  already  made  the  same  reflections.  I  hope  my  Dear 
Brother  will  make  use  of  'em  in  all  future  occasions.  I  mean 
with  me  who  am  Daily  in  the  way  of  meeting  some  Misfortune 
of  a  Different  Nature,  Misfortune  with  Regard  to  tender- 
hearted Parents,  but  a  happiness  with  regard  to  me.  Adieu, 
my  dear  Brother,  grant  me  a  share  of  your  friendship  pro- 
portionate to  my  affection  for  you,  and  be  convinced  I  shall 
ever  act  ...  to  the  Sentiments  of  gratitude  I  owe  to  you  and 
Dear  Morgan  and  Parents,  Accumulating  favours  of  which  I 
shall  ever  bear  the  deepest  sence.  May  the  Almighty  grant 
you  may  one  day  find  in  me  the  Image  and  Virtues  of  Dear 
Connell ! 

I  have  according  to  your  Directions  Lacerated  y®  Last  Bill, 
liaving  already  met  with  y®  former  and  received  the  Contents, 
but  my  last  letter  undoubtedly  Already  come  to  hands  will  tell 
you  so.  Render,  I  pray  you,  my  warmest  Duty  acceptable  to 
my  Dear  Parents.  I  embrace  most  Lovingly  my  Dear  Brother 
Morgan.  May  the  Great  God  grant  them  and  you  a  Long  and 
happy  Life,  and  render  you,  as  hitherto,  the  love  and  delight  of 
our  Poor  Afflicted  Parents,  who  seem  to  have  excluded  me  from 
all  share  in  their  friendship.  I  expected  one  day  to  make  my 
dear  Connell  Mediator.  Join  that  Good  office  to  those  you  have 
already  Done  me,  and  you'll  render  more  Cordial,  if  possible, 
Your  most  respectful  and  affectionate  B"", 

Daniel  O'Connell. 

I  once  more  Embrace  my  Dear  Morgan,  Sisters  Connell, 


Irish  Boys  Ah  road.  91 

all  others  my  Brothers  and  Sisters.  Write  without  loss  of 
time,  and  Let  me  know  what  Arrangements  you  make  with 
regard  to  me.  My  Dear  Connell  promised  to  share  his  last 
Guinea  with  me — a  generous  offer,  which  I  shu'^  never  have 
abused.  I  am  confident  you'll  continue,  brother  Morgan  and 
you,  to  do  for  me  whatever  is  in  your  power.  Happy  I  am  to 
have  as  yet  two  such  worthy  Brothers.  The  same  will  that 
Determines  you  to  support  me  shall  also  Determine  me  to 
spare  you  as  much  as  possible.  The  same  friendship  always 
did  and  shall  ever  subsist  between  Captain  Fagan  and  me. 
My  Complim'^  to  his  father  and  mother.  Their  sons  in  this 
country  are  all  well.  My  next  shall  to  brother  Morgan  in 
August  or  7'"'^  with  God's  grace. 

Address  :  a  Monsieur  Monsieur  O'Connell,  Officier  au  Kegi- 
ment  de  Eoyal  Suedois,  en  garnison  a  Schlestatt,  Alsace. 

The  formal  phraseology  of  the  letter  does  not  altogether 
conceal  the  lad's  real  heartfelt  sorrow  for  the  companion  and 
protector  of  his  earlier  years.  The  natural  grief  of  the  sur- 
vivor did  not  prevent  his  eager  pursuit  of  a  career  of  honour. 
His  next  letters  tell  us  of  a  disappointment,  followed  by  a 
well-deserved  but  unexpected  piece  of  luck. 

My  hero  passed  seven  uneventful  years  and  more  on  the 
Alsatian  borders,  where  the  Eoyal  Swedes  were  usually 
quartered — diversified,  however,  by  a  visit  to  London,  to 
Switzerland,  and  to  Paris.  The  winter  of  17G5-6,  spent  at 
the  great  Military  Academy  of  Strasbourg,  was  of  the  utmost 
importance  to  his  future  career.  Considering  the  remarkable 
profusion  of  tongues  in  Kerry,  where  Dr.  Smith  actually  de- 
plores the  classic  lore  so  diffused  among  the  peasantry,  added 
to  the  certainty  that  among  the  gentry  every  child  grew  up 
to  speak  English  and  Irish  with  equal  fluency,  Dan's  turn  for 
languages  is  not  remarkable,  such  being  the  special  apti- 
tude of  his  native  province.  Chevalier  Fagan  describes  him 
as  able  to  speak  French  and  Dutch  before  he  had  been  a 
whole  year  abroad,  and  we  find  him  engaging  private  masters 
for  foreign  tongues  at  Strasbourg.  His  English  has  begun 
to  show  considerable  traces  of  foreign  idiom ;  in  fact,  he  did 
not  write  really  good  English  until  he  had  been  a  consider- 
able time  in  England  after  1792,  "  Tasted,"  literally,  cjoute, 
should  of  course  be  "appreciated."  The  Strasbourg  letter 
of  February  12,  17<j<),  gives  the  key-note  of  the  young  fellow's 


92  Tlie  Last  Colonel  of  the  IrisJi  Briyade. 

character.  He  will  work  like  a  slave  at  the  studies  which 
jDrepare  the  way  for  future  advancement ;  he  requires  a 
certain  pittance,  which  it  galls  him  to  beg  for,  yet  which  he 
cannot  do  without.  He  is  a  favourite  of  his  colonel,  popular 
in  the  regiment,  determined  to  make  a  respectable  appear- 
ance, prepared  to  make  any  sacrifices  of  mere  youthful 
enjoyments,  but  determined  not  to  appear  shabbily.  What 
he  wants  with  painting  and  music  I  can't  quite  make  out, 
as  the  O'Connells,  possessed  generally  of  considerable  literary 
and  linguistic  ability,  were  seldom  known  to  evince  any  turn 
for  these  two  arts. 

Cousin  Morty,  of  "  Daun's,"  has  evidently  got  a  holiday, 
and  gone  to  visit  his  people,  for,  instead  of  giving  informa- 
tion about  him,  Dan  asks  it. 

Dan  was  not  only  a  very  handsome  young  fellow,  but 
remarkably  tall,  strong,  and  muscular.  It  was  probably  these 
personal  advantages  which  led  to  his  being  offered  a  commis- 
sion in  one  of  the  most  brilliant  of  the  French  cavalry  regi- 
ments— a  flattering  distinction  he  had  the  remarkably  good 
sense  to  refuse,  because  he  had  not  £Q0  to  pay  for  the  outfit, 
and  had  a  horror  of  debt.  He  paid  great  attention  to  military 
horsemanship,  probably  with  a  view  to  the  chance  of  entering 
the  cavalry,  but  the  chance  did  not  again  occur.  "  Aide 
Major  "  is  adjutant,  and,  by  the  somewhat  uncouth  phrase, 
"  I  am  getting  into  the  Aide-majority,"  he  evidently  means 
he  is  getting  into  the  adjutant's  office.  It  is  curious  to  see 
how  long  before  Emancipation  Catholics  were  looking  forward 
to  it,  and  the  boy,  who  acts,  as  it  were,  as  spokesman  for 
scores  of  boys  whose  letters  have  perished,  is  hoping  to  enter 
the  English  Service  without  injury  to  his  faith. 

He  writes,  in  1765,  full  of  the  hope  of  entering  the 
Military  Academy,  and  begs  assistance  to  be  able  to  accept 
the  colonel's  offer  of  a  place  in  the  Academy. 

Sclestatt,  August  6,  1765. 
I  have  Last  Month  wrote  to  Brother  Morgan,  and  requested 
you  would  not  fail  making  me  y'^  remittance  you  promise 
towards  the  beginning  of  October.  The  apprehension  y^ 
said  Letter  might  miscarry  makes  me  Dispatch  a  Second  and 
Entreat  my  Dear  Brother  to  comply  with  my  Desire.     It's  by 


Irish  Boys  Abroad .  93 

so  much  the  more  necessary  as  the  oppertunity  my  good 
Colonel  affords  me  of  accompanying  a  young  brother  of  his 
this  Winter  at  the  Academy  of  Strasbourg.  I  say  that  such 
a  fair  offer  I  should  never  again  meet  with,  as  it's  obtained 
not  without  y^  greatest  Interest,  being  destined  for  the  young 
nobleman  of  the  First  Eank  in  the  Kingdom,  in  so  much  that 
it  would  be  doing  me  an  Irreperable  injustice  to  frustrate  my 
scheme,  as  the  Particular  confidence  and  honour  my  Colonel 
does  me  should  excite  and  animate  your  Efforts  for  me.  You 
are  without  doubt  surprized  that,  being  so  much  in  favour,  I 
don't  push  forward  ;  but  have  a  little  Patience,  rely  on't  your 
money  is  not  thrown  away.  In  time  of  peace  there  is 
nothing  to  be  done,  but  as  three  or  four  years  will  Infallibly 
bring  on  the  war,  I  expect  to  be  speedily  and  perhaps  beyond 
your  Expectation.  Next  Summer  I  hope  getting  into  the 
Aide  Majority,^  which  will  open  me  a  way  to  Advancement 
and  increase  my  pay.  My  Colonel  heartily  Desires  a  Vacancy 
to  give  me,  but  you  know  we  can't  kill  people  without  reason. 
It  has  been  offered  me  several  times  to  get  into  the  Carabi- 
neers, the  First  Cavalry  in  the  Kingdom,  but,  however,  have 
refused  it,  because  of  the  expence  the  first  year.  I  should 
have  at  least  £,iSO  to  put  me  in  Equipage ;  but,  on  the  other 
hand,  the  pay  is  so  much  better ;  however,  I  continue  daily  to 
perfect  myself  in  Equitation  and  other  Sciences.  Adieu,  my 
Dear  Brother.  Once  more  I  request  you  won't  fail  for  the  1st 
October,  so  that  you  must  make  the  remittance  on  receipt 
hereof.  In  case  you  have  proposed  giving  me  nothing  y* 
year,  let  that  rather  be  next  year  than  to  miss  y''  present 
oppertunity.  My  respectful  Duty  to  my  Father  and  Mother, 
Affectionate  regards  to  my  D""  Brother  Morgan,  Sisters 
Connell.  You  do  me  incomparable  satisfaction  by  assuring 
my  Father  and  Mother's  regards  for  me.  I  hope  in  a  year 
or  two,  if  you  obtain  a  passport  to  go  to  see  you,  and  if 
possible  to  get  into  the  English  Service  without  Injury  to  my 
Religion.  I  hope  you  Endeavour  to  forget  our  Poor  Connell's 
Misfortune.  The  Almighty  grant  him  peace.  I  am  and 
shall  ever  be,  with  unbounded  gratitude  and  Fondness, 
My  D''  Brother's  most  respectful  and  tender 

Danl.  O'Connell. 

Address :  a  Monsieur,  etc.,  Ofificier  au  Eegiment  de  Royal 
Suedois,  en  garnison  a  Schlestatt,  en  Alsace. 

My  best  compliments  to  Mr.  and  Mistress  Fagan.  I  hope 
Captain  Fagan  is  well  again.  I  have  not  heard  from  him 
these  two  or  three  months,  as  we  are  far  asunder. 

The    fervent    hope   expressed    by   the   young   soldier   of 
1  He  means  on  the  staff",  and  literally  translates  etat  mnjor. 


94  TJie  Last   Colonel  of  the  Irish   Brigade. 

fortune  of  entering  the  British  Army  gives  a  shock  to  our 
preconceived  notions ;  but  the  penal  laws,  though  still  dis- 
gracing the  statute-book,  were  gradually  softening  in  their 
application.  Year  after  year  Catholics  hoped  for  that 
Emancipation  to  which  a  Daniel  O'Connell  of  a  younger 
generation  was  to  contribute  so  largely,  and  which,  but  for 
the  personal  bigotry  of  George  III.,  they  would  have  received 
long  before.  In  Kerry  the  old  bitterness  which  had  actuated 
the  men  whose  broad  lauds  were  handed  over  to  others,  and 
whose  homes  had  actually  been  uprooted,  had  passed  away  in 
the  course  of  two  or  three  generations ;  and  the  desire  to  serve 
at  home  was  a  natural  one  after  all.  The  scores  of  Maurice 
O'Connell's  letters  which  I  have  perused  show  very  decided 
loyalty,  and  later  on  the  two  brothers,  in  their  old  age,  wag 
their  white  heads  in  deprecation  over  "  nephew  Dan's " 
daring  democracy.     The  next  letter  is  to  their  father. 

Strasbourg,  December  27,  1765. 

HoNOUKED  Father, — The  opinion  I  had  of  your  being 
displeased  with  me  is  the  only  reason  for  which  I  so  seldom 
addressed  my  letters  to  you,  not  but  that  I  thought  it  my 
Duty  to  make  you  all  possible  submission,  but  believing  your 
resentment  somewhat  violent,  I  thought  it  advisable  to  give 
it  some  time  to  cool.  My  Brother  now  assures  me  you  have 
resumed  the  same  tender  and  fatherly  sentiments  for  me 
which  always  rendered  you  so  justly  Dear  to  us  all,  and 
particularly  Distinguished  you.  Nothing  can  better  prove 
your  Indulgence  and  affection,  and  I  should  think  me  un- 
worthy such  a  father,  did  I  not  take  all  imaginable  pains  to 
satisfy  him  and  justify  his  tenderness.  We  have  some 
Apprehensions  of  War  in  this  part  of  the  World,  but  I  look 
upon  it  as  improbable  at  this  conjuncture  for  reasons  "well 
known  to  the  World.  I  mean  the  want  of  money.  The 
Dauphin^  died  the  21st,  much  regretted,  and  his  second  son, 
the  Duke  of  Berry,  succeeds  him  in  his  title  and  rights. 
The  whole  Court  of  Versailles  is  in  the  greatest  concern  and 
consternation,  and  the  Army  particularly  bemoans  his  loss. 
No  Nation  are  more  notoriously  attatched  to  their  Princes 
than  the  French,  and  no  Prince  was  more  justly  lamented 
than  the  Dauphin. 

I  return  my  dear  Parents  many  thanks,  as  well  for  the 
generous  Efforts  you  all  make  to  support  me,  as   for  the 

1  See  Note  H,  p.  145. 


Irish   Boys  Abroad.  95 

Desire  you  are  good  enough  to  show  of  my  going  to  see  you. 
I  hope  you  make  no  doubt  of  my  gratitude,  nor  of  the  satis- 
faction I  should  find  in  seeing  you,  but  the  present  circum- 
stances render  it  impossible,  much  more  so  if  the  War  breaks 
out,  as  I  must  Endeavour  to  work  my  Way  if  possible, 
Without  which  I  may  long  be  a  burthen  on  you.  Eemember 
me  with  all  your  usual  fondness,  and  implore  the  Almighty's 
grace  and  protection  for  me.  I  shall  be  ever  careful  to 
avoid  Every  step  that  would  cast  a  blemish  or  stain  on  the 
family,  and  remember  that  should  it  please  the  Omnipotent 
to  carry  me  off,  'tis  a  tribute  justly  Due,  and  far  from  exciting 
your  murmurs  it  should  only  serve  to  put  you  in  mind  of 
what  you  owe  Him.  Providence  has  destined  me  to  a  Life 
exposed  to  Accidents.  All  men  can  not  live  in  security.  I 
have  voluntarily  devoted  myself  to  the  military  profession 
and  with  its  pleasure  I  endure  its  fatigues  and  Dangers  ; 
besides,  fortune  has  rendered  it  indispensable,  so  that  Nature 
and  Reason  have  been  my  guides. 

My  compliments  to  Morty  of  Tarmons.  Let  him  know 
he  has  given  me  a  great  Deal  of  uneasiness.  I  wrote  to 
Colonel  Pierce  to  get  an  account  of  him.  He  has  broke  his 
leg  some  time  ago  by  a  fall  from  his  horse  at  the  Exercise  of 
his  Regiment.  He  received  Morty's  [letter]  from  Cork.  AH 
friends  in  this  country  are  well.  1  mean  my  best  of  friends, 
Captain  Fagan  and  Brother,  Robin  Conway,  etc.  As  for 
FitzMaurice,  I  can  give  you  no  account  of  him.  I  believe  'im 
nevertheless  well,  but  I  never  hear  a  syllable  from  him.  My 
Duty  to  my  Dear  Mother.  Love  to  Brothers  and  Sisters  and 
friendship  to  all  Relations,  and  believe  me,  with  unceasing 
respect  and  unbounded  tenderness, 

My  dear  Father,  Your  Dutiful  and  Loving  Son, 

Danl.  O'Connell. 

Colonel  Pierce  now  well.   The  following  to  Brother  Maurice. 

Written  on  same  sheet  of  paper,  below  other  letter — 

I  have  reed,  the  contents  bill  400£  [French  Livres],Mvhich 
I  entirely  employ  to  my  Education  and  ''npport.  Depend  on't, 
not  a  farthing  is  misspent.  'Tis  to  spare^  Postage  that  I  take 
the  liberty  of  writing  to  my  Dear  Brother  in  this  patched 
manner.  I  hope  you'll  not  take  it  amiss.  Address  to  me, 
Schlestatt,  where  the  Regt.  lies,  but  it's  certain  we  are  to 
Camp  in  1767  before  the  King  at  Compiegne,  which  will  be 
vastly  expensive.  Cousin  Robin  Conway  received  yours,  in 
which  you  recommend  to  him  the  Care  of  the  Linen  sent  me. 

'  In  old  accounts  at  Darrynane,  French  livres  are  valued  as  English 
shillint'S. 


96  The  Last  Colonel  of  the  Irish  Brigade. 

I  am  sorry  you  have  sent  it  off,  as  the  Expense  will  overpass 
its  Value.  I  always  supposed  you  could  find  an  oppertunity 
for  Dunkerque.  I  have  prayed  Cousin  Conway  to  take  it  up 
and  advertise  me.  I  thank  my  Dear  Brother  for  all  the  pains 
he  is  good  enough  to  take.  Be  convinced  not  the  Least  Step 
escapes  my  attention.  I  shall  never  be  happy  enough  to 
give  you  proofs  on't.  I  Reed,  in  October  a  Letter  from  B"" 
Morgan.  My  next  shall  be  to  him.  Assure  him  of  my 
sincere  and  fond  affection.  My  love  to  Sister  Connell.  I 
wish  it  were  in  my  power  to  Embrace  her  and  give  her  some 
proofs  of  my  affection.  How  Do  Sister  Falvy  and  Abby  do  ? 
You  don't  say  a  word  of  'em  in  y""  Last.  Adieu,  my  Dear 
Brother.  It's  12  o'clock,  and  the  School  opens  at  7  in  the 
morning ;  after  which,  Manege,  Peinture,  Escrime  et  Mu- 
sique  ont  chacun  leur  tour.  I  shall  ever  be,  with  due  fond- 
ness and  Gratitude, 

My  Dear  Brother,  sincere  and  affc"'^, 

Danl.  O'Connell. 

My  next  shall  probably  be  in  March  or  Aprill. 

Except  something  unforeseen  happens,  my  address  as 
usual — Sclestatt. 

Old-fashioned  etiquette  prescribed  to  the  young  brother 
to  call  the  wife  of  the  future  head  of  the  family  "  Sister 
Connell."  There  were  no  less  than  three  sisters,  all  Mary 
O'Connells — pretty  blonde  Mary  O'Connell,  his  own  real  sister, 
who  becomes  Sister  Baldwin ;  high-spirited  Mary  O'Connell, 
born  Falvey ;  and  Mary  O'Connell,  born  Cantillon.  He  solves 
the  puzzle  of  the  three  Maries  by  calling  the  second  by  her 
maiden  name,  and  she  becomes  Sister  Falvey.  I  am  happy 
to  state  that  her  little  daughter's  hideous  Irish  pet  name  is 
transformed  into  its  English  equivalent,  Abby.  Her  mother 
went  to  Cork  when  she  was  very  young  for  her  education.  It 
was  then  the  southern  metropolis.  Only  people  of  great  rank 
and  wealth  proceeded  to  Dublin,  in  those  days,  from  the  far 
south. 

Dan's  hard  work  at  the  Academy  soon  bore  fruits — unless 
we  are  to  attribute  his  promotion  purely  to  favour.  His 
appointment  to  be  first  lieutenant  gave  him  a  solid  position 
in  the  regiment.  We  find  him  going  to  Switzerland,  and 
later  to  England,  to  interpret  for  his  patron  the  colonel. 
The  reference  to  poor  Connell's  special  friends,  their  sailor- 
kinsmen,  MacGillicuddy  and  McCarthy,  would  seem  to  imply 


Irish  Boys  Abroad.  97 

that  they  also  had  been  lost  at  sea.  Their  deaths  would  thus 
seem  more  horrible  to  the  young  soldier  than  if  they  had 
been  killed  in  following  his  own  trade  of  war. 

Two  letters  follow  very  close  together  for  the  old  days  of 
heavy  postage.  Young  Dan's  epistle  to  his  "  Honoured 
Father"  and  elder  brother  would  have  been  tidings  enough, 
had  not  Maurice  sent  him  a  long  lecture  with  some  reference 
to  a  previous  gift  of  money,  both  requiring  acknowledgment. 
On  what  principle  this  marvellously  hard-working,  self- 
denying  lad  was  lectured  to  such  a  pitch,  I  fail  to  discover. 
He  always  stoutly  stood  up  for  his  own  good  behaviour,  and 
the  unblemished  state  of  the  family  honour  in  so  far  as  he 
was  concerned.     He  wrote  from — 

Strasbourg,  February  12,  1766. 

My  Dear  Brother, — I  yesterday  received  your  letter  of 
the  15"^^  December  last,  in  which  you  reproach  me  with 
negligence  and  inattention  towards  you.  You  appear  at  a 
loss  to  fathom  my  motives,  and  seem  to  suspect  that  I  have 
no  other  than  the  shortness  of  y^  Sum  you  have  been  good 
enough  to  remitt  me.  Allow  me  the  Liberty  of  assuring  you 
your  Conjecture  is  ill  grounded,  and  the  more  so  as  I've  had 
Long  since  the  pleasure  of  returning  you  thanks  and  acknov  - 
ledging  the  receipt  of  your  Bill.  You'll  agree  with  me  on  t  je 
Injustice  you  do  me  when  you  consider  not  only  the  desi  e  I 
have  always  testified  of  rendering  my  conduct  agreab'  j  to 
you,  but  also  y*"  constant  and  unbounded  sense  of  gratii  ade  I 
always  expressed.  I  am  sorry  not  to  have  it  yet  in  my  power 
to  give  you  some  convincing  proof  on't  as  may  hf  reafter 
Shelter  me  from  all  Disadvantageous  Imputations. 

You  are  pleased  to  enquire  after  what  I  do  in  this  town, 
and  it's  reasonable  I  should  render  you  an  account  on't.  I 
Duly  frequent  the  Artillery  and  Mathematicks  School,  and 
the  Academy.  I  have  besides,  private  Masters  for  painting, 
Musick,  and  foreign  tongues.  The  Latter  I  pay,  and  the 
Former  cost  me  nothing,  being  received  on  favour.  With 
regard  to  my  Advancement,  there's  very  Little  to  be  expected 
as  Long  as  the  peace  Continues.  Nevertheless,  I  have  the 
happiness  of  being  tolerably  well  tasted  in  the  Regiment,  so 
that  I  Hatter  me  my  Colonel  will  let  slip  no  occasion  of  push- 
ing me,  but  you  conceive  he  can't  at  present  Lead  me  over 
many  old  Oliicers  of  Merit  and  Distinction,  so  that  I  must 
have  patience  till  the  war  opens  me  a  way  to  promotion,  and 
endeavour  in  the  mean  time  to  found  my  pretentions  on  a 
vol..  I.  H 


98  The  Last  Colonel  of  the   Irish  Brigade. 

reasonable  knowledge  of  my  trade,  which  shall  become  my 
sole  occupation  and  study. 

Colonel  Murphy,  to  whom  you'll  pray  recommend  me, 
can  let  you  know  what's  to  be  expected  in  the  midst  of 
inaction  and  peace,  and  inform  you  whether  or  no  I  am 
extravagant  in  my  Demands,  and  if  you  find  I  am,  restrain 
me — I  am  far  from  pretending  you  should  do  more  for  me, 
and  could  heartily  wish  I  was  able  to  dispense  with  your 
helping  me,  but  it's  really  not  in  my  power  without  re- 
nouncing the  rank  of  officer,  which  I  am  persuaded  would  do 
you  no  small  pain  after  the  expences  you  have  already  been  att. 

Be  so  kind  as  to  let  me  know,  in  your  next,  if  you  dis- 
approve my  manner  of  employing  my  time.  I  shall  promptly 
follow  the  measures  you  think  proper  to  dictate,  and  if  y'^ 
annuall  sum  I  require  strains  you,  retrench  it  as  much  as 
you  think  fit.  I  had  rather  refuse  me  all  the  pleasures  of 
Life  than  put  you  to  a  stress  above  your  means.  I  can't 
tell  whether  you  do  me  the  justice  to  believe  me,  as  you 
appear  a  little  diffident,  but  you  may  in  all  safety  grant  me 
your  confidence,  and  be  assured  nothing  could  be  more 
offensive  nor  Sensible  than  the  reproaches  you  make  me.  I 
shu'd  not  have  believed  it  some  Days  ago,  and  without 
prejudice  to  the  respect  and  tenderness  I  owe  you,  I  shall 
not  so  soon  forget  'em.  I  have  nothing  new  to  tell  you.  We 
.reckon  camping  at  Compiegne  in  1767.  We  may  probably 
nrarch  into  Flanders  this  spring.  My  regiment  always  lies 
at  Schlestatt,  where  it  passes  the  winter.  Adieu,  my  Dear 
Broither.  I  hope  you'll  not  be  Displeased  with  your 
Eespectful  and  fond  Brother, 

Danl.  O'Connell. 

My  Duty  to  my  father  and  mother.  Love  to  my  B'' 
Morgan,  Sisters,  etc.  What  does  Cousin  Morty  doe  ?  Does 
he  propose  staying  in  the  Country  ?  No  changes  in  our 
family ;  noe  increase  in  yours.  How  does  Abby  doe  ?  My 
Compliments  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Fagan.  Their  friends  are  all 
well.  The  Captain  is  now  at  Paris.  Let  Brother  Morgan 
know  I've  recd.  his  Letter  a  long  time  since.  My  next  shall 
be  to  him.     Adieu,  my  Dear  Brother.     Answer  me  speedily. 

I  purpose  to  join  the  regiment  about  the  first  of  May. 
We  are  Closely  applyed  to  the  compleating  of  the  Different 
Corps,  and  the  Militia  is  already  Drawn,  or  at  least  Marked. 
Some  hopes  of  War.  My  compliments  to  Doctor  Jeffrey 
Connell,  of  Cork. 

This  spirited  letter  of  self-justification  evidently  produced 
the  desired  result.     The  pittance  was  not  withdrawn,  and 


Irish  Boys  Abroad.  99 

the  young  soldier  got  promotion  within  four  months — with 
an  infinitesimal  increment  of  pay,  however. 

The  next  letter  joyously  chronicles  the  first  step  on  the 
ladder  of  promotion — Dan  is  a  first  lieutenant.  He  observes 
casually  that  his  hard  study  has  done  him  "  noe  trifling  ser- 
vice," but  attributes  his  luck  wholly  and  solely  to  his  colonel's 
favour.  Considering  the  rank  favouritism  prevailing  at  the 
time,  and  the  comfortable  certainty  of  his  own  merits  ever 
displayed  by  my  hero,  we  have  no  reason  to  doubt  him.  I 
fancy  he  really  deserved  by  merit  what  he  obtained  by 
favour.  Even  in  extreme  old  age,  he  was  singularly  liked  by 
every  one  who  knew  him  intimately,  so  that  I  can  imagine 
the  tall,  active,  blue-eyed  lad,  with  clear-cut  features,  fair 
skin,  and  dark  brows,  very  popular  with  a  colonel  who  liked 
to  have  agreeable,  good-looking  people  under  him.  Size  and 
looks  are  points  strongly  insisted  on  by  my  hero  and  by  his 
kinsmen  when  they,  in  turn,  are  colonels  and  brmging  out 
young  cadets  to  serve  King  Louis.  In  letter  after  letter  he 
bewails  the  pranks  of  the  handsome,  big,  tall  lads,  and 
deplores  the  small  stature  of  the  two  perfectly  good  little 
boys  who  came  over.  So  a  remarkably  tall,  muscular,  goofi- 
looking,  clever  lad  is  indeed  a  joy  for  ever,  to  a  colonel. 

It  is  a  pity  we  have  no  account  of  the  projected  Svviss 
tour.  Dan  evidently  believes  himself  somewhat  older  than 
his  baptismal  certificate  makes  out ;  but  as  the  afr  resaid 
"  baptisterium "  appears  sanctioned  by  all  likely  to  kiow,  he 
adhered  to  it  until  he  discovered  in  his  old  age  thai  he  had 
been  really  born  in  1745. 

At  Schlestatt,  June  y"  1'  -th,  1766. 

My  Dear  Brother, — I  shu'd  have  wrote  to  yju  earlyer 
had  I  not  daily  expected  an  easier  oppertunity,  as  nq  believed 
marching  into  the  Netherlands  in  the  beginning  of  the  Fair 
Season,  which  project  has  miscarryed,  and  probably  for  a 
considerable  time. 

I  have  joined  the  regiment  the  beginning  of  Last  month, 
after  passing  the  winter  at  Strasbourg  in  the  Closest  Study 
and  Application,  which  has  done  me  noe  trifling  Service. 
1  found  on  my  Arrival  at  the  Regiment  the  Commission  of 
first  Lieutenant,  which  my  "Worthy  Colonel  procured  me 
preferably  to  y"  Elder  Officers — a  mark  of  his  friendship  which 
leaves  me  no  room  to  Doubt  of  his  desire  of  promoting  me 


100       The  Last   Colonel  of  the  Irish  Brigade. 

on  every  Occasion,  and  assured  me  at  the  same  time  that, 
if  he  had  it  in  his  power  to  give  me  a  Company  instead  of 
a  Lieutenancy,  he  shu'd  not  hesitate  an  instant,  but  hoped 
in  a  Little  time  to  be  able  to  doe  more  for  me.     In  Short, 
my  Dear  Brother,  he  carries  friendship  for  me  to  the  highest 
degree.      When  he  is  absent,  During  ...  I  vprite  to  him 
twice  a  Week,  and  as  confidently  as  to  you.     This  advance- 
ment is  worth  me  5  Livres  a  Month,  or  60  French  Livres 
a  year — a  trifle  as  to  the  gain,  but  important  for  the  rank. 
If  you  continue  to  support  me  four  or  five  years,  I  hope  with 
God's  grace  to  be  at  the  head  of  a  Company,  after  which 
Providence  will  help  me  further.     In  short,  you'll  doe  me 
the  justice  to   agree   with  me  that  I  make  all   imaginable 
efforts  to  rid  you  of  a  burthen  which  necessarily  incumbers 
you.     [Here  follow  a  couple  of  broad  jests,  the  only  ones  in 
the  else  jDrim  and  proper  pages  of  the  letter-book,  concerning 
the  want  of  heirs  to  Maurice  and  his  rich  wife.]     Brother 
Morgan  [he  continues]  is  likely  to  become  our  caput  familice. 
Pray  how  does  he  doe?     Embrace  him  affectionately  for  me. 
When  shall  I  be  happy  enough  to  see  my  Dear  brothers  and 
family  ?     It's  a  question,  as  I  am  determmed  to  await  a  fair 
oppertunity.  ...  A  few  Lucky  Campaigns  can,  please  God, 
oli'er,  the  sooner  the  better.     I  sett  off  after  to-morrow  for 
.Switzerland,  where  my  Colonel  makes  a  tour.     He  is  good 
enough  to  take  me  with  him,  as  I  talk  the  Language.     I  can 
serve  his  curiosity,  which  is  the  sole  motive  of  his  journey. 
In  a  month  it  will  be  over.     Toward  that  time  I  Expect  hear- 
ing from  you.     Be  exact,  my  Dear  Brother,  in  answering  me. 
I  am  on  thorns  when  I  spend  some  time  without  hearing  from 
you  aud  my  dear  aged   Parents.      I   apprehend   they  have 
forgot  me  altogether,  otherwise  shu'd  have  wrote  me  a  few 
Lines  even  in  some  of  your  Letters  during  four  years  that  I  am 
away.     Pray  be  good  enough  to  let  me  have  Exactly  my  age 
in  your  next.     I  am  quite  at  a  loss  to  answer  for  it.     I  believe 
one  or  two  and  twenty,  more  or  less.   Adieu,  my  dear  Brother. 
Let  me  kn')w  when  you  purpose  making  me  your  next  remit- 
tance.   You  have  long  smce  received  my  acknowledgment  for 
your  last.    I  purpose  spending  next  Winter  at  Strasbourg  if  we 
don't  quitt  the  Province,  where  I  shall  recommence  the  thread  of 
my  study  in  order  to  Lay  a  firm  foundation  for  my  profession. 
I  have  been  touched  to  tlie  quick  at  the  news  of  my  poor 
Dan^  McCarthy's  unfortunate  end,  as  likewise  Cousins  McGil- 
licuddy,  etc.     We  are  all  Mortall,  and  consequently  must  go 
the  same  way  late  or  early.     In  my  way  of  thuiking,  tiie 
Difference  is  slight.     We  are,  nevertheless,  concerned  for  the 
loss  oi  a  friend.     It's  an  Effort  of  human  weakness  common 


Irish  Boys  Abroad.  101 

to  all  men,  but  we  should  endeavour  to  submitt  it  to  our 
reason  as  much  as  possible.  Once  more  Adieu,  my  Dear 
Brother.  I  Embrace  you  lovingly,  and  shall  ever  be  your 
Kespectful  and  fond  Brother, 

Danl.  O'Connell. 

The  postscript  contains  the  usual  greetings  to  the  family, 
and  compliments  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Fagan  and  Colonel  Murphy. 
Dan  hopes  "  Cousin  Morty  will  take  possession  of  his  Ensigncy. 
Colonel  Pierce  is  well,  and  lets  him  know  the  Emperor  has 
conferred  on  him  that  rank  by  a  vast  recommendation  and 
Interest." 

The  following  anecdote  concerning  "  Cousin  Morty  of 
Tarmons  "  was  related  to  Boss  O'Connell,  of  Lake  View,  by 
our  cousin,  Morgan  O'Connell,  the  Liberator's  son.  As  a  young 
man  serving  in  the  Austrian  Light  Cavalry,^  he  had  known 
that  venerable  man  as  Baron  and  General  O'Connell.  Miss 
Julianna  tells  the  same  story,  only  substituting  a  heavy 
purse  of  gold  for  the  watch ;  but  the  moral  is  the  same — the 
lad's  steady  demeanour  and  strict  attention  to  discipline. 

We  shall  see  in  a  later  letter  of  Captain  Eickard  O'Con- 
nell's  how  cadets  in  the  French  Service  ate  the  coarse  fare 
and  did  the  hard  work  of  privates,  parading  under  a  firelock 
eight  hours  at  a  time  opposite  a  sentry-box.  Young  Morty 
was  on  some  occasion  placed  on  sentry  duty  on  one  of  those 
corridors  of  some  palace  of  Maria  Theresa's,  where  that  kind, 
motherly  woman  often  had  little  friendly  interviews  with  her 
Irish  defenders  and  their  wives.  She  noticed  the  tall,  hand- 
some Irish  lad,  and  asked  him  to  tell  her  the  hour.  He  at 
once  replied  that  he  did  not  know,  not  having  a  watch.  The 
Empress-queen  smilingly  dropped  a  fairy-godmother  gift  into 
the  deep-flapped  pocket  of  his  uniform — according  to  one 
story,  a  watch ;  to  another,  the  price  of  it.  The  young 
soldier  never  spoke  a  word,  as  she  had  not  again  addressed 
him,  and  remained  in  statue-like  rigidity  in  the  saluting 
attitude  until  she  disappeared.  This  total  absence  of  vulgar 
curiosity  delighted  her,  and  convinced  her  he  was  a  true  chip 
of  an  old  block,  such  a  real  Irish  gentleman  as  she  loved  to 
have  in  her  service. 

'  In  Baron  Nugent 's  regiment— 4th  Chevaux  Le'gers. 


102       The  Last   Colonel  of  the  Irish  Brigade. 

One  of  Maria  Theresa's  Irish  officers  soon  after  wedded 
a  sister  of  my  hero's,  near  him  in  age — Gobbinette,  who  in 
the  keen  of  Arthur  O'Leary,  composed  by  her  sister,  Eileen 
the  Eaven-haired,  is  described  as  the  lady  of  twenty-six 
summers,  who  has  crossed  the  wide  seas  to  dwell  in  the  courts 
of  kings.  She  was  considered  less  attractive  at  home  than 
blue-eyed,  golden-haired  Mary,  or  dark- browed  Eileen,  whose 
complexion  was  so  fair  that  she  was  toasted  as  "  the  Lady  of 
the  Snowy  Breast."  She  had  the  same  delicate  features,  but 
was  much  freckled.  When  she  went  abroad,  and  used  rouge 
and  pearl-powder,  she  was  considered  strikingly  handsome. 
As  Lady  Mary  Wortley  Montague  pithily  declares,  the  Vienna 
ladies  used  powder  and  paint  to  such  excess  that  she  could 
only  compare  them  to  "  fair  white  sheep,  freshly  raddled." 
So  a  defective  complexion  did  not  matter  much  in  Austria. 

The  venerable  Miss  Julianna  O'Connell,  with  whom  I 
spent  delightful  hours  of  old-world  gossip  in  the  summers 
of  1888  and  1889  and  the  spring  of  1890,  at  Darrynane,  told 
me  that  Major  0' Sullivan's  countenance  was  much  disfigured 
by  the  slash  of  a  sabre  right  across  it,  which  scar  was  mightily 
displeasing  to  young  Nancy,  on  whom  he  was  disposed  to  fix 
his  affections.  Knowing  what  exceedingly  autocratic  notions 
the  mother  of  the  damsels  had  concerning  their  disposal  in 
marriage,  he  cautiously  sounded  his  way,  and  asked  Abigail, 
or  Gobbinette,  as  she  was  called  in  Irish,  to  try  and  find  out 
secretly  if  he  displeased  her  young  sister,  lest  he  should 
find  himself  wedded  to  an  unwilling  bride.  Nancy  expressed 
marked  disapproval  of  the  scarred  soldier ;  and,  in  conveying 
her  message  back,  the  ambassadress  betrayed  a  certain  agita- 
tion, which  led  him  to  believe  that  she  herself  did  not  entertain 
a  similar  objection.  He  satisfied  himself  on  the  point,  and 
then  made  a  formal  demand  for  her  hand,  which  was  acceded 
to  with  pleasure.  He  was  sometimes  on  duty  at  court,  and 
seemingly  lodged  in  the  palace.  On  one  occasion  Maria 
Theresa  came  upon  young  Mrs.  0' Sullivan,  sobbing  bitterly 
in  a  lonely  passage  near  the  chapel  of  the  palace.  The 
Empress  asked  the  young  Irishwoman  what  ailed  her,  and 
was  duly  informed  that  she  expected  soon  to  become  a 
mother,  and  could  not  help  fretting  when  she  remembered 


Irish  Boys  Abroad.  103 

that  her  mother  had  borne  twenty-two  children,  and  she 
feared  a  similar  destiny ;  and  what  would  an  officer's  wife 
moving  about  the  world  do  with  such  a  family  ? 

The  good,  motherly  Maria  Theresa  was  highly  amused  at 
this  7iaif  avowal,  and  offered  to  do  what  she  could  for  the 
race  of  0' Sullivan  by  promising  to  stand  godmother  for  the 
expected  child.  She  fulfilled  this  gracious  promise,  and  con- 
tinued very  kind  to  the  family.  Poor  Gobbinette  and  all  her 
children  perished  in  the  epidemic  of  small-pox  which  carried 
off  several  of  Maria  Theresa's  own  fair  daughters.  Major 
0' Sullivan  did  not  marry  again,  and  died  Brigade-Major  of 
Prague.  He  is  only  a  captain,  and  just  after  bringing  out  his 
bride,  when  Dan  mentions  him  in  the  following  letter  : — 

Cambray,  X""  the  25,  1766. 
My  Deaeest  Brother, — I  should  have  long  since  answered 
your  letter  containing  Mr.  Sexton  of  Limerick's  draft  on  Mr. 
Woulfe  at  Paris  for  400  Livres  french,  but  have  been  the 
whole  time  on  March  with  my  Kegiment,  which  is  in  a  few 
days  agoe  arrived  at  Conde,  some  Leagues  from  here.  Your 
letter  came  to  hands  on  the  road,  so  thought  it  needless 
answering  it  before  our  arrival.  I  alsoe  had  a  Letter  from  our 
Brother,  Captain  0' Sullivan,  of  Konigcratz"^  Ke'^  from  Leibnitz, 
in  Stiria,  where  his  reg'  is  now  quartered.  He  and  Gobby 
[Abigail]  were  well.  He  assures  me  she  is  vastly  well  pleased 
with  the  Military  way  of  Living,  and  already  begins  to 
Learn  the  German  tongue.  He  very  civilly  invites  me  to 
23ass  the  winter  with  'em,  without  considering  that  a  young 
man  obliged  to  forge  his  fortune  himself  can  spare  no  time 
for  visiting.  Now  the  very  unfavourable  change  in  my  Dear 
family's  affairs  render  my  application  and  labour  more 
encumbent  and  needful  than  ever.  And  can  assure  you,  my 
dear  Brother,  that.  Exclusive  of  that  motive,  my  own  private 
Spirit  and  Ambition  render  me  sufficiently  anxious  and 
attentive  to  every  Event  that  may  open  me  a  way  of  pushing 
myself  and  disburthening  you.  My  Cousin  John  FitzMaurice, 
with  whom  I  am  now,  can  tell  you  faithfully  the  daily  efforts 
I  make,  and  his  uncommon  good  nature  which  makes  him 
Desirous  of  helping  his  family  renders  him  equally  solicitous 
to  procure  me  the  means  of  making  myself  known  and 
Laying  an  honourable  foundation  for  my  future,  to  which 
purpose  he  intends  taking  me  with  him  this  winter  to  Paris, 
to  endeavour  to  get  me  some  friends  and  protection,  without 
which  all  personal  merit  is  useless,  or  at  Least  very  seldom 


104       The  Last  Colonel  of  the  Irish  Brigade. 

recompensed.  I  have  never  had  it  in  my  power  to  go,  but  I 
have  enough  to  Defray  me,  which  I  assure  you  is  no  trifle.  I 
suppose  he's  known  amongst  you  all,  as  he  deserves,  for  the 
best  hearted  young  man  in  the  whole  world,  and  can  tell  you 
he  loves  the  last  of  us  all  beyond  life.  I  shall  spend  y® 
greater  part  of  the  Winter  with  him,  as  well  as  all  the  time 
I  can  spare  from  Duty  as  long  as  the  Regiment  stays  in 
Flanders,  he  being,  after  you,  my  dear  Brother,  the  Closest 
relation  and  certainly  the  truest  friend  I  have.  I  can't  foresee 
when  I  may  find  myself  in  the  way  of  being  able  to  do  with- 
out your  help.  I  give  you  my  honour  it  shall  be  the  soonest 
possible,  for  fear  you  should  think  me  Destitute  enough  of 
good  nature  and  good  sentiment  to  be  capable  of  spending 
money,  especially  when  I  am  acquainted  with  the  State  of 
your  Affairs,  w*""  certainly  don't  seem  to  afford  you  much. 
This  very  consideration  should  then  have  Determined  me 
Long  since  to  call  no  more,  were  I  not  persuaded  you'ld 
rather  strain  a  point  for  some  few  years  to  Establish  me 
hereafter,  otherwise  should  long  ere  now  have  taken  some 
Resolution,  as  there's  no  maintaining  the  rank  of  an  Officer 
with  the  pay  we  have,  particularly  now  a  Days,  when  every 
one  is  weighed  in  the  Golden  Scale;  for  short,  my  Dear  Brother, 
you  must  Endeavour  continuing  your  supplies  Between  my 
Father,  Mother,  Brother  Morgan,  and  yourself,  until  fortune 
smiles  on  me,  and  then,  rely  on't,  with  the  Almighty's 
Assistance  you'll  some  Day  have  reason  to  be  satisfied  with 
the  generous  and  good-natured  Efforts  you  have  made  to 
support  me,  I  hope  the  Almighty  will  put  it  in  my  power  to 
be  one  Day  useful  to  my  family.  This  shall  ever  be  my  sole 
Desire  and  Ambition,  for  I  shall  neither  spare  my  blood  nor 
bones  for  that  purpose,  and  should  willingly  go  to  the  World's 
End  for  to  push  myself  and  prove  to  you  the  unbounded  love 
and  fondness  with  which  I  remain, 

Dear  Brother,  Your  Affectionate  and 

Respectful  Brother, 

Danl.  O'Connell. 

My  Duty  to  my  Dear  Father  and  Mother;  fond  love  to 
brother  Morgan,  Sisters  Connell,  etc. ;  and  compliments  to  all 
enquiring  friends. 

Address  :  a  Monsieur,  Monsieur  O'Connell,  Ofiicier  au  Regi- 
ment de  Royal  Suedois,  en  garnison  a  Conde,  en  Flandre. 

Pray  give  me  some  account  of  the  Linen  which  you  were 
to  send  me.  Let  me  know  to  whom  you  addressed  it.  Cousin 
FitzMaurice  makes  you  his  best  affections.  It's  false  that 
I  have  been  made  Aide  Major.  I  only  do  the  functions  on't 
this  considerable  time,  awaiting  a  vacancy,  which  you   see 


Irish  Boys  Abroad.  105 

comes  slowly,  but  I  can't  reasonably  kill  him  that  occupies 
that  post,  much  less  tell  him  to  give  it  up  to  me. 

The  next  letter  to  be  found  describes  how  our  hero  came 

in  contact  with  sundry  kinsmen  serving  in  the  Irish  Brigade, 

whose  ranks  he  had  not  yet  entered  at  that  period  of  his 

career. 

Aire,  August,  y"  20'\  17G7. 

I  begin  with  imploring  my  Dear  Brother's  Indulgence,  as 
having  receiv'd  his  Letter  a  Long  time  since,  and  having 
delayed  so  long  in  Answering  it ;  but  the  reason  is  that  I  was 
so  much  taken  y"^  by  putting  it  off  from  one  Day  to  Another 
I  did  not  perceive  how  I  differed  it ;  and  the  more  so,  as  when 
I  purpose  writing  home,  I  commonly  allow  myself  two  or  three 
days  retreat,  solely  occupied  with  y*^  agreable  project  I  have 
in  head.  Our  Eegt.  came  down  here  in  the  Latter  end  of 
June  from  Conde,  to  work  in  concert  with  many  others  at  a 
Canal  of  Communication  between  two  rivers,  which  scheme 
when  carried  into  Execution,  will  be  of  infinite  use  and  Con- 
veniency  for  the  transportation  of  every  kind  thro'  all  y® 
Different  parts  of  Flanders  and  Artois,  and  Consequently 
favourable  to  trade.  There's  a  Camp  formed  between  Aire 
and  St.  Omers,  where  the  troops  imployed  at  the  Works  lodge. 
I  have  been  sent  off  from  our  Eegt,  from  the  very  Commence- 
ment to  Act  as  Major  Officer  of  a  Detachement  of  three 
Hundred  Men,  w*^''  are  our  Contingent.  That  gives  me  more 
work  than  the  whole  Eegt.  when  together,  as  being  obliged  to 
reckon  with  the  King  and  with  the  Eegt.  for  every  penny, 
besides  the  continual  Changes  occasioned  either  by  Sick- 
ness or  Desertion,  w*"''  is  a  Distemper  pretty  Common  among 
the  Private  Men  in  all  Countries  at  present.  Three  Eegts. 
of  the  Irish  Brigade  work  here  also — Dillon's,  Eoscommon's 
formerly  Rothe's,  and  Bulkeley's.  I  have  met  some  relations 
in  the  two  latter — Fitz Maurice  and  two  Mahonys,  who  re- 
ceived me  with  a  great  deal  of  friendship.  Our  Cousin  the 
Abbe  is  well  and  now  at  Paris,  but  soon  to  come  back.  Tom 
[FitzMaurice]  is  lately  become  Aide  Major,  which  renders 
his  station  very  good.  He  is  a  young  man  of  great  worth 
and  spirit.  Captain  Eobin  FitzMaurice  has  quitted  y* 
service,  and  is  retired  at  Cambray.  Tim  and  Jerry  Mahony 
are  mighty  worthy  and  good-natured  men  as  any  of  our 
acquaintance,  as  is  our  Cousin  and  theirs,  Dan^  Swiney. 
Eobin  Conway  came  to  see  me  to  Camp  a  day  or  two  ago,  and 
we  agreed  with  each  other  to  take  a  trip  to  Ireland  next  Winter 
twelvemonths,  if  please  God  we  do  well.  We  have  recv**  our 
orders  to  appear  before  the  King.     I  hope  this  Event  will  be 


106       TJie  Last  Colonel  of  the  Irish  Brigade. 

favourable  to  me.  I  know  our  Colonel  is  determined  to  give 
retreats  to  old  officers  for  to  favour  me.  I  am  to  be,  con- 
jointly with  two  others,  Charged  with  Dressing  and  forming  the 
Eegt.  this  Winter.  When  once  I  have  a  foot  in  y*^  stirrup,  I 
hope  I'll  rise.  Our  Garrison  this  Winter  is  not  yet  determined, 
but  address  to  me  at  Aire.  You'll  do  me  Considerable  Service 
and  friendship,  my  dear  Brother,  to  send  me  my  next  year's 
pension  as  Early  as  possible  in  the  month  of  April  or  May  at 
latest,  as  we  have  mighty  considerable  expences  at  y*^  Camp 
at  Compiegne,  where  we  are  to  appear  in  the  most  shining 
manner.  I  dare  say  there's  no  Kegt.  in  France  can  show 
handsomer  and  better.  I  purpose  setting  away  from  the 
Camp  to  Calais.  I  shall  Embark  and  Endeavour  to  spend 
some  time  among  my  Dear  Parents  and  Kelations.  Your 
Delaying  the  allowance  would  render  my  scheme  impractic- 
able. There's  no  going  without  money,  and  that  I  shall  never 
meet  a  fairer  oppertunity  than  that  will  be,  as  the  Regt.  will 
certainly  march  up  to  the  frontiers  of  Germany,  our  Usual 
Station. 

I  am  sorry  to  acquaint  you  that  our  Cousin  Maurice  Jeffrey 
has  Considerable  debts  in  his  Regt.,  which,  if  not  paid,  would 
throw  indelible  shame  and  blemish  on  me  as  of  his  .  .  .  and 
all  his  other  relations  in  the  Brigade,  and  as  I  am  persuaded 
he  has  too  much  spirit  to  Act  in  a  low  manner,  I  earnestly 
entreat,  my  dear  Brother,  you'll  speak  to  him,  and  tell  him  to 
send  over  without  delay  the  sum  he  owes,  which  I  dare  say  is 
^30  sterling.  Otherwise  I  must  hide  myself.  I  at  the  same 
time  will  tell  you  I  believe  his  conduct  was  bad.  He  has 
a  determined  passion  for  gambling.  Let  him  not  come  over 
any  more,  for  I  believe  he  has  nothing  to  expect.  Adieu,  my 
dear  Brother.  I  shall  Expect  your  answer  with  impatience, 
and  remain  for  ever 

Your  tender  and  obliged  Brother, 

Danl.  O'Connell. 

Here  follow  the  usual  "  duty,"  "  love,"  "tender  affection," 
graduated  to  parents,  sisters,  and  brothers,  and  the  informa- 
tion that  he  is  in  constant  correspondence  with  Cousin  Morty, 
of  Germany,  who,  as  well  as  his  sister  "  Gobby,"  are  well.  He 
reproachfully  inquires  why  they  never  tell  him  of  Nancy,  and 
wants  to  know  if  she  is  married. 

In  the  letter-book  there  is  a  very  graphic  letter  of  Father 
Guardian  O'Brien's  from  Cork.  This  summer  I  met  some  of 
the  denizens  of  old  Broad  Lane  Friary,  where  he  put  up,  and 
they  explained  his  wanderings  thus.     It  is  the  custom  of  the 


Irish  Boys  Ahroad.  107 

Franciscans  to  have  their  houses  inspected  by  a  skilled  ex-supe- 
rior from  a  distance.  The  Father  Guardian  of  Prague,  having 
filled  his  period  of  office,  was  sent  to  inspect  the  Irish  houses 
at  home  and  in  Spain.  Inns  were  few  and  bad,  and  he  stopped 
at  the  houses  of  Catholic  gentlemen.  Curiously  enough,  the 
great-granddaughter  of  the  first  host  he  mentions  married 
Hunting  Cap's  nephew,  John  O'Connell,  of  Grenagh.  They 
were  my  dear  husband's  parents.  Sir  Walter  was  a  fine,  jolly 
stout  old  gentleman,  with  heavy  black  brows,  a  purple  velvet 
coat,  and  Addison's  wig.  His  only  child,  the  handsome  Lucinda 
Esmonde  (Mrs.  McMahon,  of  Clenagh),  obtained  the  portraits 
of  her  parents,  so  that  the  burly,  jolly  aspect  of  Sir  Walter, 
whose  portrait  I  possess,  is  even  more  familiar  to  me  than 
the  long  straight  face  with  regular  features  and  pale  blue 
eyes  of  the  tall  old  man  dressed  in  black,  with  a  powdered 
wig  of  less  ample  proportions,  which  hangs  on  the  walls  of 
Lake  View,  the  home  of  his  grand-nephew. 

Father  Guardian  O'Brien,  in  Ireland,  thus  relates  his  Irish 
adventures  to  Hunting  Cap — 

Buttevant,  December  9,  1767. 

Dear  Cousin, — I  arrived  here  yesterday  after  my  tour, 
w""  I  ran  thro',  thank  God,  in  passable  good  health,  till  the  11"' 
S*""",  at  w'^''  time  I  was  seiz'd  with  a  violent  cold,  in  the  polite 
phrase  call'd  influenza.  This  confined  me  for  some  days  at 
Cregg,the  seat  of  Sir  Walter  Esmonde  ^  near  Carrick  on  Shure, 
but  without  applying  to  the  Faculty  I  happily  got  rid  on't. 
I  set  out  from  Cregg  to  hold  my  Chapter  in  Athlone ;  in 
my  way  was  at  Coruabolly,  where  I  found  McWalter  [Barke], 
Biddy,  and  family  in  good  health.  They  were  kindly  inquisi- 
tive about  you,  Molly,  and  friends  at  Darrinane,  charm'd  to 
hear  you  were  well,  and  the  more  so  as  they  had  it  from  one 
who  was  there  himself,  and  who  reprached  their  indolence  in 
not  so  doing  themselves.  The  rocks  of  Iveragh  are  not  so 
frightful  as  they  imagine.  I  forced  our  friends  into  that 
persuasion,  so  that  j'ou  are  to  expect  a  visit  from  them  soon. 

I  can't  omit  a  remarkable  circumstance  that  happened  at 
my  arrival  at  Cornabolly.  Miss  Burke  Martin,  who  accom- 
panied the  D"  Lady  last  summer  to  Bath,  had  a  narrow 
escape  of  her  life  at  her  return.      A  violent  fever  had  like 

1  His  granddaughter,  Jane  McMahon,  daughter  of  Lucinda  Esmonde, 
was  mother  of  Elizabeth  Coppinger,  my  husband's  mother,  wife  of  Hunt- 
ing Cap's  nephew,  Jolin  O'Connell,  of  Grenagh. 


108       Tlie  Last  Colonel  of  the  Irish  Brigade. 

to  dispatch  her.  McWalter  was  sent  for.  He  conceal'd  the 
cause  of  his  errand  to  Limerick  from  Cousin  Biddy.  However, 
it  unluckily  transpir'd,  and  the  Young  Lady  was  given  out 
dead.  The  story  came  to  its  maturity  when  I  came  on  my 
visit  to  the  Mother.  McWalter  was  in  Limerick.  Everything 
seem'd  to  confirm  the  sad  report.  I  was  no  sooner  entered 
the  house  but  Mrs.  Burke  flew  to  me,  bawl'd  and  roar'd, 
clasp'd  her  hands  about  my  neck,  and  kept  me  for  near 
a  ^  of  an  hour  in  that  position.  She'd  move  the  hardest 
heart.  An  old  gentleman  I  had  with  me,  pretty  much  of 
Mr.  Leddy's  disposition,  fell  into  a  flood  of  tears.  I  resisted, 
tho'  softened  within,  consoled  her,  made  use  of  all  my  Ehetoric 
to  prove  the  story  false ;  all  to  no  purpose.  The  Lady  ready 
to  lie  in  was  a  delicate  circumstance.  I  trembled  for  the  con- 
sequences. McWalter  arrives  in  an  hour  and  a  half  after  me, 
and  chears  up  our  drooping  spirits.  The  girl  was  out  of 
danger,  and  still  he  was  obliged  to  swear  it  before  Biddy 
would  let  him  into  the  house.  A  sudden  transition  from 
grief  to  joy.  Every  thing  had  a  gay  face,  and  I  pass'd  some 
days  with  'em  merrily. 

I  was  twice  or  thrice  at  Bridgetown,  it  being  on  my  way 
to  Ennis,  as  I  now  came  from  Athlone.  They  are  very  happy, 
at  least  I  think  so.  They  talk  of  going  next  Season  to  the 
West.  Mrs.  T.  Blake  and  Biddy  are  not  so  great.  Opposite 
characters  can  seldom  hit. 

Phill  and  family  are  well,  jogging  on  d  Vordinaire.  Blake 
and  he  are  on  the  verge  of  being  friends.  The  former  bid  me 
tell  Phill  to  drop  urging  the  bill  he  filed  against  him.  I  spoke 
enough  to  both,  to  drop  animosity,  renew  friendship,  and  I 
hope  it  will  be  the  case. 

Now,  tho'  I  have  said  a  good  Deal,  I  have  much  more  to 
tell  of  my  travels  in  the  county  Leitrim,  the  North,  and  I 
must  reserve  it  for  an  evening  conversation  or  another  letter. 
I  am  well,  and  so  are  our  friends  here ;  [IJ  do  intend  setting 
out  for  Spain  about  March  next,  at  or  before  that  time  I 
shall  send  my  Mare  to  be  an  inhabitant  of  your  Island. 
I  am  getting  in  the  Collection  from  Phill  and  Messrs.  Burke 
and  Blake  to  buy  a  horse  for  our  poor  disabled  Cousin  James 
FitzGerald.  When  you  have  leisure  to  send  your  generous 
contingent,  I  can  get  it  in  Cork,  Broad  Lane. 

A  thousand  affct.  Compts.  to  Cousin  Molly,  The  Worthy 
old  Couple,  Mrs.  Connor,  Miss  N.,  and  y'^  Brother  Morgan, 
and  am  ver}'  sincerely  and  affcly.. 

My  Dear  Cousin, 
y  most  hb''  and  most  ob'  servant, 

Jno.  O'Brien. 


Irish  Boys  Abroad.  109 

All  that's  kind  from  me  to  the  family  of  Tarmons. 
What  news  from  Morty  and  O'Sullivan? 

Father  Guardian  O'Brien's  account  of  the  possibility  of 
travel  did  persuade  Mrs.  Blake  to  visit  her  sister,  and  I  heard 
all  about  the  visit  from  Miss  Julianna  O'Connell,  who  stayed 
at  Darrynane  during  the  last  years  of  Hunting  Cap's  life. 
The  blind  old  man  was  fond  of  his  young  kinswoman,  and  it 
amused  him  to  chat  to  her  of  old  times.  A  visit  from  beyond 
Ennis,  in  the  County  Clare,  to  forty  miles  beyond  Killarney 
was  a  thing  to  be  remembered,  and  during  a  good  part  of  the 
way  to  be  traversed  in  Kerry  there  were  only  beaten  horse- 
tracks,  such  as  exist  now  in  the  Alps,  instead  of  roads. 

Maurice  O'Connell  met  his  guests  at  his  brother's  house, 
of  Carhen,  about  nineteen  miles  from  Darrynane,  and,  having' 
first  despatched  his  confidential  servant,  Andrew  Connell,  to 
Killarney,  to  pilot  them,  sent  on  mountain  ponies  a  con- 
siderable distance  to  meet  them  where  roads  ceased.  Now, 
Mrs.  Blake  had  heard  much  of  the  great  hill  of  Drung,  over 
which  no  road  was  made  until  1782  or  so,  and  anxiously 
inquired  about  it  of  Andrew  Connell.  It  was  at  its  base  the 
visitors  abandoned  their  hired  horses  for  the  ponies,  and 
Andrew  Connell  begged  the  lady  to  condescend  to  ride  on  the 
pillion  behind  him,  as  he  knew  the  hills  and  the  ponies  better 
than  any  of  the  party.  No  little  mountain  horse  could  have 
carried  the  tall  Mr.  Blake  up  such  a  hill,  with  a  lady  on  a 
pillion  behind  him. 

Seeing  that  Mrs.  Blake's  special  terror  was  the  hill  of 
Drung,  the  sagacious  servitor  determined  to  ignore  it  as  long 
as  possible,  and  friendly  mists  and  vapours  shrouded  its 
summit.  Every  time  Mrs.  Blake  asked  about  it,  he  stoutly 
denied  where  they  were ;  but  at  last  the  crest  of  the  great 
hill  became  too  tangible  a  fact  for  denial.  The  Irish  Caleb 
Balderstone  was  equal  to  the  occasion.  Andrew  Connell,  who 
could  speak  good  English,  gravely  responded,  "  Yes,  madam, 
it  is  the  hill  of  Drung,  and  if  my  master  had  got  more  notice 
of  your  coming  he'd  have  levelled  it  before  you  " — a  state- 
ment which  the  lady  from  the  level  land  is  said  to  have 
swallowed.  They  reached  the  hospitable  house  of  Carhen 
before  dark,  and  next  day  rode  on  to  Darrynane. 


110       Tlie  Last  Colonel  of  the  Irish  Brigade. 

It  had  long  been  a  sore  point  with  the  poor  childless, 
rather  stupid  lady,  who  found  herself  hemmed  in  between 
two  such  terribly  keen,  capable  people  as  Maur-ni-Dhuiv  and 
Hunting  Cap,  that  her  own  people  did  not  trouble  to  visit 
her.  She  probably  also  wished  to  show  that  she  was  nominal 
mistress  of  a  wealthy  and  well-kept  household.  She  had 
determined  to  accord  her  sister  a  formal,  ceremonious  recep- 
tion, and  mark  her  sense  of  neglect.  So  when  her  sister 
rode  up  she  dropped  a  sweeping  curtsey,  and  said,  "You 
are  heartily  welcome  to  Darrynane,  Mrs.  Blake.  It  is  good 
for  sore  eyes  to  see  you."  And  then,  at  close  sight  of  the 
long-unseen  sister,  pride  and  ceremony  broke  down,  and  she 
flung  her  arms  round  Mrs.  Blake,  and  kissed  and  hugged  her 
on  the  threshold. 

Some  one  may  say,  *'What  has  all  this  fiddle-faddle  to 
do  with  the  last  Colonel  of  the  Irish  Brigade  ?  "  To  which  I 
respond — I  want  to  make  people  understand  the  kind  of  life 
old  people  led  at  home  as  well  as  abroad,  and  to  show  the 
old-fashioned  folk  as  they  were — their  foibles,  their  vanities, 
their  sins  and  sorrows,  and  their  high  point  of  honour  and 
careful  courtesy. 

Dr.  Smith,  while  writing  his  famous  "  History  of  Kerry," 
visited  Iveragh  in  1751,  and  thus  describes  the  hill  of  Drung 
and  the  mountain  ponies — 

"  The  road  from  the  other  parts  of  Kerry  into  this  barony 
runs  over  very  high  and  steep  hills,  that  stand  in  this  parish 
called  Drung  and  Cahirsiveen,  which  road  hangs  in  a 
tremendous  manner  over  that  part  of  the  sea  that  forms  the 
Bay  of  Castlemaine,  and  not  unlike  the  mountains  of  Pemnan- 
maure,  in  North  Wales,  except  that  the  road  here  is  more 
stony  and  less  secure  for  the  travellers."  Here  the  learned 
doctor  proceeds  to  say  that  every  one  passing  has  to  make 
verses  in  the  mountain's  honour,  else  who  passes,  neglecting 
this  tribute,  comes  to  grief — "  the  original  of  which  notion 
must  be  that  it  will  require  a  person's  whole  circumspection 
to  preserve  himself  from  falling  off  his  horse." 

"I  have  already  observed,"  says  the  doctor,  "that  the 
horses  in  these  baronies  are  naturally  very  sure-footed.  They 
are  small,  but  of  an  excellent  breed.     They  climb  over  the 


Irish  Boys  Abroad.  Ill 

most  rugged  rocks,  and  both  ascend  and  descend  the  steepest 
precipices  with  great  facility  and  safety,  and  are  so  light  as 
to  skim  over  waving  bogs  and  morasses  without  sinking,  and 
when  heavier  horses  would  certainly  perish.  They  are  strong 
and  durable,  and  easily  supported,  and  not  ill-shaped,  and  so 
hardy  as  to  stand  abroad  all  winter,  and  will  browse  upon 
heath,  furze,  and  other  shrubs ;  added  to  this  their  gait  is 
extremely  easy." 

The  following  extract  from  a  letter  written  much  later  by 
the  Eev.  James  Bland,  of  "  The  Eocks,"  alias  Derryquin,  gives 
a  graphic  picture  of  Kerry  roads  : — 

Rev.  J.  Bland  to  Maurice  O'Connell,  of  Darrynane. 

De.  Sir, — I  rec*^  your  Le"^  and  did  John  Courcy's  Business 
for  him  this  day.  With  respect  to  the  latter  part  of  your  L"" 
[letter],  I  do  not  think  the  Barony  will  be  ever  overloaded 
with  roads  from  Darrynane  to  Corke.  They  are  necessary,  and 
therefore  will  never  be  granted  liberally  enough  to  hurt  us. 
I  have  apprenhions,  indeed,  about  a  Road  from  Dunlo  to  Black- 
water  through  the  Mountains,  which,  as  it  never  can  be  made, 
and  would,  if  made,  be  of  no  sort  of  use,  I  do  not  doubt  but 
the  Grand  Jury  may  present  tremendously  for  it. 

The  year  1767  furnishes  few  letters  from  the  young  lieu- 
tenant, though  doubtless  some  of  those  precise  and  formal 
epistles  of  his  were  duly  despatched  and  received.  On  the 
other  hand,  the  hoards  of  old  papers  in  Hunting  Cap's  hand- 
some brass-mounted  bureau  furnished  me  with  some  account 
of  the  risks  the  respectable  Catholics  ran  from  informers  of 
the  lowest  class.  We  must  bear  in  mind  that  Catholics  were 
allowed  no  arms  except  fowling-pieces,  and,  I  suppose,  duelling- 
pistols.^     I  do  not  know  if  there  was  any  limitation  to  the 

^  Catholics  did  not  regain  the  right  to  carry  arms  for  nearly  thirty 
years  later.  In  1792  they  were  admitted  to  the  outer  Bar,  and  permitted 
to  open  school  (without  licence  of  a  Protestant  clergyman),  to  take  appren- 
tices, and  even  to  intermarry  with  Protestants,  provided  the  clergyman  was 
a  Protestant  ;  if  he  were  a  Catholic  priest,  he  was  still  liable  to  death,  and 
the  marriage  was  annulled.  If  a  Protestant  married  a  Catholic  wife,  he 
was  disfranchised.  Other  disabilities  remained.  "Take  the  right  of 
self-defence,  for  instance  :  the  law  forbade  it  to  the  Catholic.  An  Irish 
Catholic  might  rise  abroad  to  be  field-marshal  (a  rank  which  seven  did 
attain  in  Austria)  ;  if  he  landed  in  Ireland  he  could  not  wear  a  sword — a 
Protestant  beggar  might  pluck  it  from  him  in  the  street.  The  house  in 
wliich  he  lived  miglit  be  searched  by  day  or  by  night.     His  Catholic  host 


112       The  Last  Colonel  of  the  Irish  Brigade. 

numbers  of  either  of  these.  About  forty  years  earlier  I  find 
a  letter  from  my  dear  husband's  maternal  ancestor,  Stephen 
Coppinger,  of  Barry's  Court,  to  his  eldest  son,  then  on  a  visit  to 
the  Earl  of  Barrymore  in  England,  urging  him  to  press  "  my 
very  good  Lord  "  for  a  licence  for  arms  to  protect  his  house. 
I  infer  blunderbusses  to  have  been  meant,  as  these,  sometimes 
of  gigantic  bore,  were  what  people  specially  relied  on  against 
housebreakers  at  close  quarters.  Possibly  the  possession  of 
any  firearms  was  a  matter  of  personal  favour,  not  of  right. 
The  old  Catholics  were  noted  as  duellists  and  sportsmen,  so 
pistols  and  fowling-pieces  they  must  have  had.^ 

Iveragh  ^  was  in  an  especial  manner  the  happy  hunting- 
ground  of  organized  gangs  of  freebooters,  who  occasionally 
raided  into  the  adjacent  borders  of  the  two  Dunkerrons,  in 
both  which  wild  baronies  the  O'Connells  held  lands.  Maurice 
and  Morgan  O'Connell,  men  of  high  spirit  and  personal 
courage,  refused  blackmail  to  a  set  of  fellows  named  Connor, 
who  were  always  known  as  "the  Ladirs,"'^or  "Loders" — some 

or  hostess  might  be  summoned  to  inform  upon  him  ;  if  they  refused,  they 
were  subject  to  £300  fine,  or  flogging,  and  the  pillory  if  noble  ;  if  not 
noble,  to  £50  fine  and  a  year's  imprisonment,  if  not  flogged.  For  a  second 
oti'ence  they  were  outlawed  and  their  goods  forfeited.  Raids  for  arms 
were  being  continually  made,  in  jiarts  of  the  country,  in  consequence  of 
this  law,  so  that  it  was  not  obsolete  [in  1792]  "  (Sigerson,  "  Two  Cen- 
turies of  Irish  History,"  p.  127). 

By  the  Emancipation  Act  of  1793  Catholics  obtained  "(I)  the 
electoral  franchise  ;  (2)  the  right  of  voting  for  civic  magistrates  ;  (3)  the 
privilege  of  becoming  grand  jurors  ;  (4)  that  sitting  as  petty  jurors  they 
should  be  no  longer  challenged  for  faith  when  a  Protestant  and  Catholic 
were  in  litigation  ;  (5)  the  power  to  endow  a  college  and  schools  ;  (G)  the 
right  to  carry  arms  when  possessed  of  certain  property  ;  the  right  to  sib 
as  magistrates,  and  to  hold  civil  and  military  oftices  and  places  of  trust 
under  certain  qualifications.  They  were  enabled  to  take  degrees  in  the 
university,  and  to  occupy  chairs  in  colleges  yet  to  be  founded  "  (Sigerson, 
"  Two  Centuries  of  Irish  History,"  p.  129). 

•  By  the  Treaty  of  Limerick,  1 091,  noblemen  and  gentlemen  were 
allowed  to  ride  with  a  sword  and  a  case  of  pistols,  and  to  kee^)  a  gun  for 
defence  or  fowling.  In  1695,  by  the  Act  for  disarming  Papists,  every 
Papist,  though  holding  a  licence,  was  ordered  to  deliver  up  all  arms  to  a 
justice  of  peace  ;  any  two  justices  might  search  for  and  seize  their  arms. 
Ofiicers,  covered  by  the  Articles  of  Limerick,  could  keep  a  sword,  gun, 
and  pistols,  on  taking  an  oath  of  allegiance  (Sullivan,  "Two  Centuries 
of  Irish  History,"  pp.  6,  19). 

*  Glencar  is  in  Iveragh,  and  was  full  of  freebooters.  Dunkerron  was 
only  divided  into  North  and  South  in  183-.  The  "  Tirleachs,"  or  "  Tre- 
leachs  "  lived  in  Glencar.     (See  below,  "  Loders.") — [D.  O'C] 

'•^  Laidir,  pronounced  Landir,  means  "strong"  in  Irish.  Possibly, 
however,  they  got  their  name  from  being  a  remnant  of  what  Mr.  Froude 


Irish  Boys  Abroad.  113 

Irish  nickname  I  am  unable  to  construe.  Miss  Hickson,  in  her 
"Old  Kerry  Eecorcls,"  quotes  a  case  from  a  contemporary  Kerry 
newspaper.  I  quote  it  in  full.  Darrynane  Beg  is  the  next 
townland  to  Darrynane  More,  on  which  the  mansion-house 
stands,  but,  owing  to  an  intervening  hill,^  the  people  in  the 
house  could  not  see  even  if  the  tenants'  cottages  were  set  on 
fire. 

The  otherwise  commonplace  attack  on  young  Mr.  Mahony 
acquires  a  certain  picturesqueness  from  having  been  com- 
mitted with  a  scimitar.  How  such  an  Oriental  weapon  came 
over,  deponent  sayeth  not. 

"Old  Kerry  Kecords,"  as  quoted  from  a  Kerry  evening 
paper,  of  an  attempt  to  levy  blackmail,  in  1767  (from  contem- 
porary Law  Eeports). 

"  These  Exts.  duly  sworn,  and  deposeth  that  on  the  20th 
day  of  March  last,  Charles  Connor,  otherwise  Ladir,  and 
Daniel  Connor,  otherwise  Ladir,  son  of  said  Charles,  together 
with  James  Connor,  otherwise  Tirleach,  and  his  five  sons, 
James,  John,  Tim,  Daniel,  and  Cornelius,^  appeared  on  the 
lands  of  Baslicane,  in  said  county,  all  except  Charles  and 
James  Connor  the  elder,  armed  with  Guns,  Pistols,  and  Cut- 
lasses, fired  several  Shotts  to  the  terror  of  the  inhabitants  of 
the  said  place,  said  Persons  being  of  very  bad  rex^ute,  notorious 
breakers  of  jails,  and  all  professing  the  Pope's  religion.  From 
the  above  place  they  next  marched  to  a  place  called  Lohir, 
and  from  thence  in  a  hostile  manner  thro'  other  villages  to  a 
place  called  Darrinanebeg,  firing  several  Shotts  by  the  way, 
and  extorting  from  the  inhabitants  of  the  said  places  victuals 
and  drink  and  all  other  necessaries ;  also  frightening  'em  to 
such  a  degree  that  they  durst  not  follow  their  lawful  occu- 
pation, but  must  give  attendance  to  such  vagrants,  and  when 
they  arrived  at  Darrynanebeg  afore  said,  declared  that  they 
would  bring  some  of  the  gentlemen  of  the  country  under  an 
annual  contribution,  particularly  Messrs.  Maurice  and  Morgan 

(vol.  i.  bk.  iii.  s.  iv.)  calls  "The  Vicar-General's  Gang,"  concerned  in 
plundering  the  Danish  treasure.  This  (Protestant)  clergyman's  name  was 
the  Rev.  Francis  Lawder,  and  his  gang  would  be  "  the  Lawders." 

'  Part  of  the  demesne  is  in  Darrynane  Beg,  and  the  Meadow  Walk 
river  is  the  boundary  of  the  two  towniands. 

2  These  Connors  lived  in  Glencar. 

VOL.  I.  I 


114       The  Last  Colonel  of  the  Irish  Brigade. 

O'Connell,  of  Darrynane,  whom  on  refusal  they  threatened  to 
rob,  murder,  and  do  bodily  harm  to.  This  Ext.  further  de- 
poseth  that  on  Sunday,  the  22nd  of  March  last,  on  their  return 
from  Darrynanebeg,  he  had  been  told  and  verily  believes  it  to 
be  true,  that  Kean  Mahoney,  a  young  gentleman  of  the  Parish 
of  Drumod,  in  said  county,  on  the  high  road,  on  his  return 
from  Divine  Service,  and  that  they  assaulted  him  without  any 
lawfuU  provocation,  wounded  him  with  Scymitars,  cut  two  of 
his  fingers,  and  laid  open  his  head  in  several  places,  under 
which  wounds  he  still  languishes  in  extreme  perill  of  his  life, 
and  further  sayeth  not. 

his 
*'  Daniel  X  Morane, 
mark, 
his 
''Francis  X  Meade, 
mark. 
**  Exts.  [persons  examined]  bound  in  £20  each  to  prosecute 
at  the  next  general  assize  and  gaol  delivery  for  this  county. 
Taken  and  sworn  before  me,  this  8th  April,  1767. 

"  Thomas  Orphen." 

"  The  foregoing  is  a  true  copy  of  the  original  information 
in  the  Crown  Office  of  the  County  Kerry,  attested  by  him  the 
6th  of  June,  1767. 

"  Thomas  Henley,  D.C.C." 

When  the  Loders,  to  the  number  of  eleven  or  twelve 
desperate  men,  had  actually  harried  his  father's  tenants,  and 
attacked  his  kinsman,  Kean  Mahony,  Maurice  O'Connell  used 
every  exertion  to  assist  in  bringing  them  to  justice.  It  was  a 
dangerous  act  for  a  Catholic,  and  a  specially  dangerous  act 
for  a  smuggling  Catholic.  The  old  gentlemen-smugglers,  in 
proportion  as  they  openly  defied  the  Eevenue  enactments,  pro- 
fessed the  greatest  abhorrence  for  all  other  sorts  of  law-break- 
ing and  law-breakers,  especially  for  "  Eaps  " — abbreviated 
form  of  "  Eapparees."  This  name  had  been  originally  given  to 
the  gangs  of  disbanded  Irish  soldiers  who  preyed  on  Crom- 
wellian  and  Williamite  settlers,  but  it  had  got  to  mean  any 
banded  gangs  of  highwaymen.     Murty  Oge  0' Sullivan  Beare, 


IrisJt   Boi/s  Abroad.  115 

beloved  of  Mr.  Froude,  actually  put  the  following  advertise- 
ment in  the  paper,  to  clear  bis  outraged  honour  on  the  subject. 

Under  date  of  June  13, 1738,  the  Cork  Remembrancer  says, 
**  Murtagh  Oge  O'Sullivan,  of  Eyres,  in  this  county,  published 
in  a  Cork  newspaper  an  advertisement  of  this  date,  stating 
*  that  he  had  been  charged  with  the  harbouring  of  Tories  ^ 
and  Eapparees,'  and  giving  notice  that  he  would  stand  his 
trial  for  the  same  at  the  next  general  assizes." 

However,  the  smuggling  South  Kerry  gentry  had  got  a 
little  too  much  ahead  in  1767,  even  backed  up  as  they  were 
by  the  most  powerful  Protestants.  To  run  a  ship  was  one 
thing,  but  actually  to  rescue  a  smuggling-craft  from  its  legal 
captors  was  too  much  of  a  good  thing ;  and  the  Loders  were 
ready  to  purchase  pardon  and  gratify  spite.  However,  their 
machinations  were  futile.  The  storm  blew  over,  and  the  O'Con- 
nells  remained  unmolested  in  their  wilds  for  seventeen  years 
more,  when  a  charge  of  conspiracy  to  murder  was  trumped  up 
against  them,  to  be  triumphantly  refuted. 

I  found  the  copy  of  an  imj)ortant  letter  in  Hunting  Cap's 
writing  at  Darrynane  among  his  papers.  I  have  since  dis- 
covered its  author.  It  agrees  with  his  views,  viz.  an  intense 
horror  of  the  lower  and  meaner  forms  of  law-breaking.  As 
a  Catholic,  he  violated  laws  in  owning  land,  in  having  re- 
ceived a  liberal  education,  in  being  deeply  engaged  in  a 
smuggling-trade  with  a  firm  owning  various  ships  and  dealing 
with  various  ports ;  but  his  faith,  his  education,  his  property, 
and  his  business,  though  all  illegal,  were  very  unlike  the  law- 
breakings  of  rogues  and  rapparees. 

The  Dennys,  the  great  people  of  Tralee,  and  the  Knights 
of  Kerry  always  stood  to  the  O'Connells.  Ned  and  Barry 
Denny  are  frequently  mentioned  in  the  old  letters  in  most 
friendly  terms.  The  remarkable  letter  of  protest  against  the 
violation  of  law  and  order  in  favour  of  a  confirmed  law- 
breaker, who  had,  however,  been  aiding  law  and  order  in  the 
matter  of  the  assault  case,  was  very  probably  addressed  to 
one  of  the  Kerry  members.  Maurice  had  also  a  great  friend, 
a  kinsman  of  his  kinsmen,  in  Dominic  Trant,  a  very  eminent 
barrister,  brother-in-law  to  Lord  Clare,  and  the  ancestor  of 

*  "Tories"  originally  meant,  as  it  does  here,  "robbers." — [D.  O'C] 


116       The  Last  Colonel  of  the  hisli  Brigade. 

the  Trants  of  Dovea.  Perhaps  it  may  have  been  written 
to  him.  His  cousin  Eickard's  ej^istle  gives  a  most  graphic 
account  of  the  machinations  of  the  informers,  though  I  am 
unable  to  construe  the  Irish  words. 

This  letter  is  endorsed,  "  10th  August,  1767,  Eick.  Connell, 
of  Tralee,"  and  is  addressed  to  "  Mr.  Mau.  Connell  at  Darry- 
nane,"  being  seemingly  sent  by  hand. 

Dr.  Cousn., — I  heard  a  rumour  in  this  town  that  there 
was  Information  given  against  you,  many  of  your  ffamily, 
and  several  of  your  Ten'*  [tenants]  by  one  of  the  Connors,^ 
an  associate  of  two  fellows  you  lodged  in  this  Goal,  before 
Government,  and  in  Consequence  of  such  Informations  and 
order  issued  to  have  you  and  many  more  of  y""  ffamily  and 
name  taken  for  the  Eescue  of  the  Ship,  and  the  order  sent  to 
the  Dingle  Eevenue  officers,  to  go  round  by  water  to  surprize 
you,  lest  they  sh"  be  Discovered  going  thro'  the  Country. 
On  hearing  this  report,  I  went  to  Pope  the  Goaler,  and  asked 
him  what  he  knew  of  the  matter.  He  told  me  that  he  dis- 
covered by  some  of  the  prisoners  that  the  Connors  had  told 
them  it  was  absolutely  true ;  that  the  above  Connor  had 
gone  to  Dublin,  by  the  persuasion  (as  every  person  supposes) 
of  the  ColF  [Collector]  Sealy,  etc.,  who  are  endeavering, 
by  what  I  can  understand,  to  have  desperate  Informations 
given  against  your  ffamily.  Pope  likewise  told  me  about 
half  an  hour  ago  at  his  house  that  the  Collector  had  come 
into  him,  and  Demanded  a  copy  of  the  Connor  Committal, 
which  he  was  obliged  to  give  him,  I  believe  to  Bail  the 
Connors.  Its  likewise  said  that  there  is  an  order  from  Govern- 
ment to  Bail  these  fellows,  by  the  interest  of  the  Collector, 
etc.,  etc.  If  the  whole  of  this  is  not  true,  you  may  depend  a 
great  part  is.  Some  of  the  prisoners  told  Pope,  who  likewise 
heard  it  elsewhere,  that  Connor  was  guarded  from  Dublin  to 
Cork,  lest  he  should  be  Molested.  I  shall  wait  on  Lord 
Brandon  to-morrow  in  person,  and  will  inform  his  Lordship 
of  the  Collector  and  Mr.  Sealy's  proceedings  in  favour  of  such 
raps — as  you  told  me  when  last  I  had  the  pleasure  of  seeing 
you  that  his  Lordship  promised  you  his  protection  and 
Interest ;  therefore  I  think  iucombent  on  me,  as  you  are  not 
convenient  to  wait  on  his  Lordship. 

These  gentlemen  will  only  show  their  teeth  when  they 
can't  bite,  to  take  jp^rt  with  such  Notorious  Villans  and 
Eobbers.  By  what  I  could  Learn  from  Dan  Connell,  you  and 
ffamily  are  quite  out  of  their  power.    I  don't  think  you  ought 

^  The  gang  of  robbers  already  referred  to. 


Irish  Boys  AbroacL  117 

to  be  asleep  in  their  affair,  but  give  fresh  Informations  as 
much  in  your  power  against  all  these  fellows,  and  every 
gentleman  in  your  and  the  adjacent  Country  ought  to 
do  the  same  if  they  can,  and  have  y"  others  Taken  if  possible. 
Mr.  Denny  is  hurrying  me  about  some  business,  therefore 
have  not  time  to  write  to  Dan,  but  your  showing  him  this 
letter  will  do.  I  have  a  close  look  out  for  them  fellows,  since 
I  saw  you,  but  could  not  discover  their  being  in  Town.  If 
they  show  their  nose,  you  may  depend  they  shall  be  taken 
and  Lodged  in  spite  of  our  Collector  and  Sealy.  Write  me 
a  few  lines  per  Bearer.  I  told  all  this  story  to  Barry  Denny. 
He  says  and  engages  no  Information  they  can  give  will  be 
found  ;  ^  if  there  were,  no  Cethy  Ivvy  [petty  jury],  I  believe, 
would  give  a  verdict  on  the  Information  of  such  raps.  Pope,, 
who  seems  to  have  your  Interest  at  heart,  tells  me  that  the 
two  fellows  that's  in  Goal  are  steadfast  men  now  whatever, 
and  that  they  will  doe  nothing  but  what  they  ought.  Complin 
ments  to  Cousin  Conuell  and  ffamily  of  Darrinane. 

ElCIO).  CONNELL.. 
Tralee,  Sunday  eveiung,  5  o'clock,  August  IG,  1767. 

Extract  of  a  letter  dated  from  Tralee  to  a  friend  in  Dublin. 
(Evidently  a  copy,  in  a  neat  round  hand  on  a  half- sheet  of 
paper.) 

October  17,  17C7. 

Dear  Sm, — No  doubt  you  must  have  heard  before  this  of 
our  Goal  Doors  having  been  thrown  open  to  four  Convicts 
under  sentence  of  Death,  and  of  the  apprehensions  of  this 
whole  County  in  Consequence  of  the  Escape  of  two  of  the 
Lowders ;  their  being  at  this  instant  of  time  Eleven  or  Twelve 
desperate  Fellows  of  that  Family,  who  publickly  lay  Con- 
tributions upon  the  miserable  inhabitants  of  a  considerable 
Tract  of  this  unhappy  country ;  and  who  already  proceed 
with  redoubled  audacity ;  elated,  as  they  are,  at  the  Eecovery 
of  two  of  their  Associates  from  the  Terrors  of  a  Publick 
Execution. 

It  is  true,  my  very  good  Friend,.  Goal  Deliveries  of  this 
kind,  and  even  the  Escape  of  the  Felons  at  the  Foot  of  the 
Gallows  and  with  the  Halter  about  their  Necks,  are  long  since 
considered  in  this  Country  as  Things  of  Course,  and  there- 
fore what  nobody  can  be  surprised  at.  But  in  the  present 
Case  there  is  something  of  much  more  serious  Concern  to 
the  Publick  than  either  the  corruption  of  Goalers  or  the 
Negligence  of  Sheriffs ;  and  the  People  among  whom  a  gene- 
ral  Despondency   seems  to   prevail,  begin  to  attribute   the 

'  i  e.  the  grand  jurj^  would  refuse  to  find  a  true  bill  on  their  information. 


118       The  Last   Colonel  of  the  Irish  Brigade. 

non-Execution  of  the  Laws  to  Causes  infinitely  more  Powerful. 
There  are  even  those  who  affirm  that  had  not  the  Lowders 
broke  goal  they  would  have  shortly  obtained  his  Majesty's 
most  Gracious  Pardon,  having  been  already  reprieved  at  the 
Bequest  of  an  Exciseman,  who  suggested  that  they  would 
make  excellent  Spies  in  the  Business  of  the  Kevenue.  It  is 
said  that  this  Reprieve  was  obtained  without  the  recommenda- 
tion of  the  Grand  Jury  who  found  the  Bills  of  Indictment 
against  them,  or  the  Judge  who  tried  and  condemned  them. 
For  my  own  poor  Part,  I  hold  these  Things  are  so  impro- 
bable that  I  am  resolved  to  suspend  all  Belief  till  I  receive 
your  answer,  and  if  they  should  be  confirmed  by  one  so  well 
informed  as  you  must  be,  it  will,  I  think,  be  high  time  for  me 
to  sell  my  Property  in  this  Country,  if  any  Body  will  be  hardy 
enough  to  buy  it,  and  retire  with  my  Family  to  the  New 
World,  rather  than  continue  a  Member  of  a  Common  Wealth 
where  the  Execution  of  the  Wisest  Laws  can  be  suspended 
at  the  Pleasure  of  the  People. 

I  am.  Dear  Sir, 

Most  sincerely  aff.,  etc.,  etc. 

Unsigned,  but  written  in  a  neat,  clerk-like  hand. 

Subsequent  researches  have  shown  this  letter  to  be  the  com- 
position of  the  Eev.  James  Bland,  of  "  The  Rocks,"  now  called 
Derryquin.  In  the  spring  of  1890  Daniel  O'Connell  found  a 
bundle  of  his  letters,  in  which  Mr.  Bland  encloses  copies  of 
letters  like  this,  written  for  publication,  but  refused  by  the 
timorous  press  of  that  day.  Both  in  the  public  and  private 
epistles  so  long  preserved,  he  expresses  the  greatest  indigna- 
tion at  the  outrage  to  which  his  Catholic  friends  have  been 
subjected.-^ 

'  The  commercial  restrictions  imposed  upon  Irish  trade  and  manu- 
factures by  England  for  the  advantage  of  her  own,  gradually  compelled 
the  Protestant  colony  to  make  common  cause  with  the  Catholic  people. 
All  manufacturers  and  their  operatives  were  Protestants,  Catholics  being 
excluded.  On  these  Protestants  the  laws  made  to  discourage  Irish  woollen 
manufacture,  the  prohibitions  against  the  exportation  of  woollen  and 
glassware  to  any  but  English  ports,  fell  heavily,  and  ruined  many.  The 
prohibition  against  the  exportation  of  Irish  wool  bore  directly  on  the 
Catholic  (and  Protestant)  farmers.  Hence  all  Irishmen  were  forced  into 
a  league  of  passive  resistance,  co-operating  to  defeat  these  hostile  pro- 
hibitions by  (among  other  means)  "clandestine  trading,"  which  difiered 
from  modern  smuggling  in  that  the  latter  violates  the  laws  made  by  a 
nation  for  its  own  benefit.  This  passive  resistance  threatened  to  change 
its  character  when  the  volunteers  paraded  with  cannon  labelled,  "  Free 
Trade  or ,"  in  1789.     In  1780  free  trade  was  granted. — [G.  S.] 


Irish  Boys  Abroad.  119 

Dan's  first  letter  of  1768  is  from  London,  and  full  of  horror 
and  disgust  at  the  roughness  of  the  English  lower  classes. 
We  must  remember  that  the  young  soldier's  experience  of  the 
lower  orders  was  confined  to  France,  where  the  most  abject 
servility  preceded  the  Eevolution,  and  to  Ireland,  where  a 
jDatriarchal  friendliness  prevailed  in  the  remote  Irish-speaking 
districts,  Hogarth's  "  Gate  of  Calais  "  gives  the  key-note  of 
this  letter.  The  immortal  caricature  of  Johnny  Crapaud 
shows  how  the  British  Philistine  regarded  the  foreigner.  The 
German  and  Irish  officers  wearing  King  Louis's  undress — for 
"mufti"  was  practically  unknown  in  those  days,  unless  for 
purposes  of  direct  disguise — were  **  Frenchies  "  to  the  London 
rough,  and  if  the  tall  young  gentleman  who  interpreted,  re- 
monstrated in  the  soft  southern  speech  with  which  they  were 
familiar  among  Irish  chairmen,  a  touch  of  Paddy  on  Johnny 
Frenchman  rather  made  matters  worse. 

London,  January  20,  1768. 
My  Dear  Brother  will  be  surprised  to  hear  from  me  from 
London,  where  I  arrived  a  few  days  ago  with  my  Colonel,  and 
am  to  go  back  next  week  to  our  Piegt.  quartered  at  Gravelines, 
in  Flanders.  Curiosity  has  led  him  here,  and  friendship 
induced  him  to  take  me  with  him,  my  real  attatchment  for 
his  person,  as  well  as  the  strong  reasons  I  have  for  cultivating 
his  good  will,  have  obliged  me  to  comply  with  his  request, 
tho'  attended  with  some  expences.  Notwithstanding  that 
I  am  defrayed  by  him,  yet  cloathes  cost,  and  I  even  laid  in 
something  in  the  fund  made  for  our  journey,  that  I  should  not 
seem  quite  a  burthen  or  beholden  to  him — a  delicacy  of  senti- 
ments I  dare  say  you'll  approve.  Considering  the  many 
advantages  I  probably  will  reap  from  the  favour  of  my  Colonel, 
Gratitude  and  Prudence  suffice  and  lay  me  under  the  most 
absolute  compliance  with  his  will  and  orders.  His  views  for 
advancing  me,  are,  to  make  me  at  Compiegne  Sous  Aid 
Major,  and  then  endeavour  to  push  by  my  application  and 
Labour.  If  Fortune  be  not  very  contrary,  I  hope  I  shall  do 
something  worthy  of  my  Study  and  Ambition ;  if  she  proves 
unkind,  not  to  say  unjust,  I  must  philosophically  submit,  but 
never  cease  a  single  moment  to  pursue  every  obligation  that 
may  render  me  capable  of  distinguishing  myself  in  the  career 
I  am  in.  Such  is  the  Duty,  so  is  bound  to  act  each  man  of 
honour.  Pieason  condemns  Ambition  when  pushed  too  far. 
I  should  be  glad  to  chat  with  my  Dear  Brother  about  the 
Government  of  England.    My  eyes,  unused  to  the  Licentious- 


120       Tlie  Last  Colonel  of  the  Irish  Brigade. 

ness  that  the  English  call  Liberty,  see  with  horror,  nay, 
contempt  for  the  Nation,  their  mistaken  sense  and  notion  of 
things.  Koyalty  despised,  subordination  unknown,  and  un- 
bounded pride  and  contempt  for  all  other  Nations.  Inhu- 
manity, ferocity — in  a  word,  a  barbourism  unknown  to  the 
rest  of  Europe,  renders  the  inhabitants,  I  mean  the  Lower 
sort  of  people  of  England,  the  most  odious.  I  believe  the 
better  sort  of  people  well-bred  in  all  countries,  so  don't  com- 
prehend 'em  in  the  above  critick.  Adieu,  my  Dear  Brother. 
My  Duty  to  my  Dear  Father  and  Mother,  Love  and  Affections 
to  my  Dear  Morgan.  Tell  him  I  wrote  to  him  from  Grave- 
lines.  I  still  ever  remain,  my  Dear  Brother,  respectful  and 
fond, 

Danl.  O'Connell. 
If  we  had  a  month's  conge,  we  should  go  to  Darrinane — 
the  Count,  my  Colonel,  and  I.     I  daresay  the  surprise  would 
be  agreable  to  you  all. 

In  the  following  series  of  letters  about  everyday  events,  I 
shall  for  brevity  omit  the  ceremonious  beginnings  and  endings, 
and  the  minute  details  of  payments  made  and  requested,  rates 
of  exchange,  delays  of  postage,  and  such  like,  but  give  in  full 
all  that  relates  to  the  inner  life  of  the  young  soldiers  abroad 
and  the  family  at  home.  Lest  the  traces  of  excisions  should 
suggest  the  idea  of  indelicate  remarks,  I  shall  state  once  for 
all,  that  I  have  not  seen  a  single  impure  word  under  Count 
O'Connell's  hand,  and  that  the  three  or  four  jokes  and  obser- 
vations I  omitted  were  simply  a  little  broader  than  our  modern 
speech  admits  of.  The  worthy  and  precise  young  man's 
minute  financial  details  and  remembrances  to  everybody  are 
too  much  for  any  nineteenth-century  reader.  A  letter  from 
"  Gravelines,  March  y*"  26th,  1768,"  begins  with  expressions 
of  anxiety  at  being  left  long  without  news  of  home.  He  gives 
the  following  personal  tidings  : — 

I  mentioned  in  my  last  something  of  y®  Expectations 
I  had  of  soon  getting  into  the  State  Major,  but  did  not  then 
foresee  some  circumstances  that  have  been  since  the  occasion 
of  a  more  Early  success.  Now  my  hopes  are  accomplished 
for  the  present  moment.  The  Post  of  Sub  Aide  Major  is 
become  Vacant,  and  given  to  me  preferably  to  a  great  number 
of  competitors,  all  much  older  in  the  Service.  This  I  look 
upon  as  a  great  Advantage,  because  of  the  Career  it  Leads 
unto,  and   the   Means  it  affords  of  reaping  the  fruits  of  a 


Irish  Boys  Abroad.  121 

Zealous  Labour  and  making  Talents  known  when  Possessed ; 
for  the  Pay  is  the  same  I  had  as  first  Lieutenant,  but  I  have 
a  fair  prospect  of  soon  becoming  Ayde  Major,  which,  besides 
a  pay  twice  more  considerable,  may  possibly  lead  to  some 
honourable  Advancement,  so  that  I  look  upon  my  present 
promotion  with  an  eye  of  satisfaction,  the  more  so  as  its 
before  the  Camp.  My  Colonel,  who  bought  four  horses  for 
200  guineas  when  in  England,  lends  me  the  use  of  one  for 
that  time,  otherwise  shu'd  have  been  at  a  great  stand  where 
to  have  one.  This  Worthy  Man  is  out  of  Measure  my  friend, 
and  I  wholly  devoted  to  him.  I  hope  you'll  be  punctual  in 
remitting  me  my  pension  in  the  Month  of  April.  I  forsee  I 
shan't  have  it  in  my  power  to  step  over  this  next  winter,  as 
I  shall  have  the  burthen  of  the  Piegiment's  affairs  upon  my 
hands,  as  the  Major  and  Ayde  Majors  will  be  absent,  but  the 
following  winter  shall,  please  God,  see  you. 

He  sends  the  usual  "  duty  and  fond  love,"  "  tender  affec- 
tions," to  ail  the  family  circle,  and  concludes — 

My  Dear  Brother, 

For  Ever  Yours, 

Danl.  O'Connell. 
Address  :  a  Mons.  O'C,  En  garnison  a  Gravelines. 
If  you  know  anything  of  our  cousin,  the  Abbe  FitzMaurice, 
pray  communicate  it  to  me.     Adieu,  my  Dear  Brother.     I 
shall  expect  a  speedy  answer. 

I  wish  you'd  have  our  armes  painted  on  a  bit  of  paper  and 
enclose  it  to  me.  No  man  is  without  a  seal  in  France — I 
mean  men  of  Fashion.  It's  an  affair  of  2  shillings  or  half-a- 
crown.     I  don't  know  'em  exactly,  so  can't  have  'em  drawn. 

Gravelines,  May  26,  1768. 
I  Duly  rec'^  my  Dear  brother's  letter,  dated  at  Tralee, 
containinge  a  bill  upon  Mr.  George  Wolfe  at  Paris,  for  the 
400",  which  bill  has  been  acquitted  upon  sight.  Eeceve  my 
Warm  thanks  for  your  care  in  supplying  me  in  so  critical 
a  moment  when  the  Campaign  rendered  it  particularly 
necessary.  I  mentioned  in  my  last  my  having  got  into  y*^ 
State  Major,  and  the  Expectations  I  conceive  of  a  rapid 
advancement,  tho'  I  always  have  in  View  and  Don't  omit 
anything  that  may  give  me  a  right  thereto.  Our  Eegiment 
is  to  March  from  this  in  the  latter  End  of  Next  Month  for 
the  Camp.  What  may  become  of  us  after  I  can  not  yet  tell, 
but  shall  take  care  to  give  you  my  address  and  a  relation  of 
anything  worth  your  notice  that  might  occur  on  that  Occa- 
sion.    I  shall  only  observe  that  we  might  probably  be  com- 


122       The  Last  Colonel  of  the  Irish  Brigade. 

prehended  in  the  body  of  troops  that  are  to  be  sent  to  Corsica, 
which  I  should  not  be  at  all  sorry  for.  The  Indisposition  of 
the  Queen  is,  I  suppose,  well  known  to  you.  This  Event 
may  retard  y*^  Camp  a  month  or  two,  and  some  people  con- 
jecture that,  instead  of  being  held  at  Compiegne,  it  may  be 
held  at  a  place  called  Trou  d'Enfer,  at  3  Leagues  from  Paris. 
I  am  sorry  to  Learn  the  Low  Sentiments  of  my  former 
friend,  y*"  Abbe  FitzMaurice.  I  shu'd  have  never  thought 
him  capable  of  a  step  of  that  nature,  much  less  against  Our 
Brother  Tim  McCarthy.  But  this  only  serves  to  prove  the 
predominant  power  of  money.  Take  care,  my  Dear  Brother, 
that  you  shan't  be  within  the  reach  of  some  one  of  these 
Apostates,  for  you  have  seen  many  Examples  of  y"  infamous 
Spirit  that  reigns  in  your  Country,  nor  would  I  have  you 
trust  to  any  of  them.  I  shu'd  think  my  fortune,  if  I  had 
any,  as  Safe  in  the  hands  of  a  Pandour  or  Prussian  Black 
Hussard.  Adieu,  my  Dear  Brother.  Let  me  duly  hear  from 
you,  and  believe  me  for  ever,  your  loving  and  fond  Brother, 

Danl.  O'Connell. 

[Here  follow  the  usual  greetings.] 

I  twice  wrote  to  Brother  Morgan  and  have  had  no  Answer. 
Tell  him  I  am  piqued  at  his  neglect.  I  am  sorry  to  Learn 
that  our  Sister  Nelly  has  taken  a  step  contrary  to  the  Will 
of  her  Parents,  but  Love  will  not  know  nor  hear  reason. 

I  am  here  within  four  leagues  of  Cousin  Eobin  Conway, 
and  see  him  frequently.  He  and  his  wife  are  well.  She  is 
the  best  creature  I  know.  Send  me  in  your  next  the  address 
of  the  Secularized  Abbe  FitzMaurice.  I  shall  be  glad  to 
write  to  him  about  his  Brother. 

This  letter  of  May,  1768,  alludes  to  the  runaway  match 
of  handsome  Sister  Nelly  and  the  misfortunes  of  poor  Sister 
Betty.  *'Dark  Eileen,"  as  popular  tradition  calls  her,  had 
been  married,  when  under  fifteen,  to  a  rich  old  Mr.  O'Connor, 
of  Firies.  When  the  young  bride  was  being  "hauled  home," 
and  lifted  over  the  threshold  by  a  shouting,  cheering  crowd, 
the  strings  of  a  harp,  which  hung  in  the  hall,  burst  asunder. 
This  was  considered  a  very  ill  omen,  and  within  six  months 
she  came  home  a  girl-widow.  No  child  was  born  to  her,  and 
though  she  neither  entertained  nor  professed  any  special 
devotion  for  her  husband,  she  regretted,  on  her  return,  the 
loss  of  the  liberty  and  influence  of  the  mistress  of  a  house- 
hold.   AVhile  on  a  visit  to  her  sister,  Mrs.  Baldwin,  of  Clohina, 


Irish  Boys  Abroad.  123 

near  Macroom,  she  met  Arthur  O'Leary,  of  Ealeigh,  better 
known  as  Arthur  O'Leary  the  Outlaw.  Though  he  was  rich, 
high-born,  and  eminently  attractive,  her  family  refused  their 
consent  on  account  of  his  wildness  and  rash  disposition.  The 
wilful  dame  eloped  with  her  golden-haired  rider,  whose 
melancholy  fate  she  celebrated  in  Irish  verse  remembered 
to  this  day.-^ 

It  is  sad  to  see  the  man  to  whom  my  hero  was  indebted 
for  his  first  start  in  life  falling  away  from  his  sacred  calling, 
but  the  Abbe  FitzMaurice  not  only  apostatized,  but  put 
a  penal  enactment  in  force  against  Timothy  McCarthy,  of 
Oughtermoney,  the  husband  of  his  cousin.^  The  venerable 
Miss  Evelina  McCarthy,  granddaughter  of  this  couple,  wrote 
me  about  her  grandmother  as  follows.  Elizabeth,  wife  of 
Tim  McCarthy,  of  Oughtermoney,  was  the  eldest  daughter  of 
Daniel  O'Connell  and  Maur-ni-Dhuiv.  Writing  to  me  about 
Count  O'Connell,  Miss  Evelina  McCarthy  says — 

"  The  sister  Betty  that  he  speaks  of  was  my  grandmother, 
married  to  Tim  McCarthy,  an  only  son  and  heir  to  a  large 
property  (he  was  done  out  of  it — I  had  rather  not  say  by  whom 
or  how).  My  father  and  mother  were  second  cousins.  My 
two  grandfathers,  Tim  and  Owen  McCarthy,  lived  together  for 
many  years,  and  Owen  lived  till  his  death,  at  the  age  of  eighty- 
one  (your  father-in-law,  John  O'Connell,  remembered  him  well), 
with  my  grandmother  Betty  (O'Connell)  McCarthy.  She  was 
a  saint,  tho'  not  a  canonized  one.  In  one  of  those  dreadful 
famines  that  have  visited  Ireland  since  her  soil  has  been 
polluted  by  the  Norman  and  Saxon — I  think  it  must  have 
been  the  year  after  the  Piebellion — Iveragh  had  not  suffered 
like  the  rest  of  Ireland,  and  whole  families  came  there  seek- 
ing for  food.  For  months  my  grandmother  stood  from  early 
morning  till  night,  a  bag  of  potatoes  and  a  bag  of  meal  beside 
her,  and  distributed  both  to  all  comers,  my  mother  and 
Uncle  John  taking  care  to  renew  the  provisions  as  soon  as 
the  bags  got  empty.  At  last  they  began  to  feel  uneasy,  afraid 
their  provision  should  fail  and  she  be  unable  to  continue  her 

'  See  p.  237. 

^  Under  the  Penal  Code,  if  a  Catholic  became  a  Protestant,  he  could 
dispossess  his  father  or  kinsmen,  and  obtain  their  property. — [G.  S.] 


124       The   Last  Colonel  of  tJie  Irish  Brigade. 

charities,  but  when  they  visited  the  bins  they  were  always 
full.  The  more  she  gave,  the  more  they  had ;  and  so  it  lasted 
till  the  famine  ceased,  and  with  it  the  calls  on  her  charity." 

Cousin  Morty  gets  his  first  step  much  about  the  same  time 
as  Dan  gets  on  the  staff.  Morty's  lieut. -colonel.  Colonel 
Pierce,  seems  to  have  been  a  personal  friend  and  corre- 
spondent of  young  Dan's,  as  he  occasionally  mentions  things 
he  has  heard  from  his  kinsman's  immediate  commander. 

In  Dan's  first  letter  of  1769  he  begins  those  inquiries 
about  armorial  bearings  and  descents  which  form  so  large 
a  portion  of  the  correspondence  of  the  Irishmen  abroad  with 
their  relatives  at  home,  who  were  frequently  very  hazy  and 
remiss  about  coats-of-arms.  In  Ireland,  the  land  of  tribal 
pedigrees,  like  the  genealogical  books  of  Scripture,  armorial 
bearings  counted  for  less  than  anywhere  else  in  Europe.  I 
must  say  that  when  the  family  coat  of  the  O'Connells  had 
been  duly  registered  by  John  O'Connell,  of  Ashtown,  the 
Duke  of  Ormond's  Seneschal,  just  after  the  Eestoration,  it 
was  a  shame  for  rich  Maurice  not  to  have  sent  it  to  the 
ambitious  lad.  The  expenditure  of  a  very  few  shillings  would 
have  procured  it,  but  Maurice  had  seemingly  a  nervous  dread 
of  any  pretensions  or  assertions  which  could  possibly  draw 
attention  to  the  family,  and  the  lad  Daniel  had  to  i^rocure 
this  information  as  best  he  could.  Maurice  may  possibly 
have  been  ignorant  of  the  registered  coat.  The  old  articles 
of  plate  belonging  to  his  parents  bear  the  device  of  a  stag. 
Sir  Bernard  Burke's  "  General  Armoury  "  gives:  "Per  fess 
argent  and  vert,  a  stag  trippant  between  three  trefoils, 
counterchanged  ;  crest :  a  stag's  head  erased  proper,  charged 
with  a  trefoil  vert.  Motto :  '  Cial  agus  Neart,'  or  '  Virtute 
et  Valore.' " 

This  letter  begins  about  the  long  silence  of  the  family.  I 
skip  all  that  part,  and  commence  with  the  news  it  gives — 

Maubeuge,  January  1,  17C9. 

The  affairs  of  Corsica  make,  I  suppose,  some  noise  among 
you,  notwithstanding  the  inaction  that  the  rigour  of  the  Season 
obliges  the  troops  in  that  Island  to  remain  in.  Everything 
seems  to  promise  a  stirring  and  troublesome  Campaign.  It's 
said  forty  Bataillious  are  to  be  Embarked  for  to  reinforce  the 


Irish  Boys  Abroad.  125 

body  of  men  already  there,  and  notwithstanding  these  forces, 
it's  very  possible  all  our  Efforts  may  prove  Abortive,  because 
of  the  inaccessible  posts  the  Enemy  occupies  in  the  Mountains, 
and  there's  no  doubt  that  if  Paoli,  their  General,  makes  as 
vigorous  a  resistance  as  hitherto,  it  will  cost  France  more 
men  and  money  than  the  whole  Island  is  Worth.  An  officer, 
a  friend  of  mine,  who  is  in  that  country,  and  with  whom  I 
keep  up  a  regular  Correspondance,  assures  me  that  the  troops 
are  prodigiously  fatigued,  the  Enemy  is  much  more  numerous, 
and  our  Army  apprehends  being  attacked,  so  that  our  ad- 
vanced posts  in  the  Mountains  guard  redoubts  and  other 
works  where  they  are  almost  buried  in  the  snow,  and  this 
bard  Duty  weakens  us  daily  more  and  more,  so  that  if  their 
general  knows  anything  of  his  trade,  he'll  lay  hold  of  this 
favourable  Conjunction  and  Push  the  handfull  of  men  that 
lie  there  before  the  fresh  troops.  Our  Eegiment  has  hitherto 
been  in  Expectation  of  being  sent  there,  but  have  just  received 
fresh  orders  for  preparing  for  the  Camp  de  Plaisance  at 
Compiegne.  We're  destined  to  appear  there  last  summer,  but 
the  untimely  death  of  the  Queen  put  an  Obstacle  to  itt.  This 
almost  ruins  the  Officers,  because  it  puts  us  to  double 
Expences.  As  for  me,  I  hope  to  be  made  Ayde  Major  then, 
which  will  double  my  pay,  and  enable  me  to  pay  twenty 
pounds  I  owe.  I  give  you  my  word  there  is  not  another 
Officer  in  the  Eegiment  but  owes  more  than  twice  that  sum, 
and  without  some  private  arrangements  I  should  have  been 
as  ill  off  as  the  others.  You'll  oblige  me,  my  Dear  Brother, 
to  make  me  this  year's  remittance  the  beginning  of  May,  for 
to  be  able  to  make  fresh  preperations.  If  I  am  [?  not] 
employed  in  Corsica,  and  that  I  can  obtain  the  Colonel's 
Concent,  I  shall  undoubtedly  take  a  trip  to  Ireland  after  the 
Camp,  and  think  myself  happy  if  I  find  all  my  family  in  good 
health.  My  truest  pleasure  would  be  to  embrace  you,  my 
Dear  Brother,  and  Brother  Morgan,  my  dear  Father  and 
Mother,  and  Express  to  all  my  tenderness  and  gratitude. 
Adieu,  Dear  Brother.  Pray  write  to  me  without  loss  of  time, 
and  believe  me,  y''  fond  brother, 

Danl.  O'Connell. 

Address  :  a  Monsieur,  Monsieur  O'Connell,  Officier  Major  au 
Eegiment  de  Eoyal  Suedois,  a  Maubeuge,  en  Heynault. 

Pray  do  me  the  pleasure,  my  Dear  Brother,  to  send  me, 
by  Cousin  Eobin  Con  ways,  the  arms  of  the  family.  Nothing 
more  ridiculous  in  this  country  than  not  to  have  the  seal  of 
the  Family.  Wishing  you  all  a  Merry  Christmas  and  happy 
Year,  I  embrace  all  friends. 


126        The  Last   Colonel  of  the   Irish   Brigade. 

I  cannot  resist  the  temptation  of  inserting  a  letter  from 
Captain  Eobin  Conway.  It  contains  one  passing  allusion  to 
my  hero.  The  marriage  referred  to  turned  out  very  happily, 
and  Eobin  and  his  foreign  wife  were  kindness  itself  to  the 
multitudinous  Kerry  cousins.  Several  of  the  family  were  in 
excellent  positions  at  home  and  abroad,  but  there  was  a 
brother  of  this  good  man  in  great  poverty.  I  leave  the 
account  to  show  Eobin' s  kindness.  My  chief  object  in  this 
book  being  to  show  the  old  Catholic  Munster  gentlefolk 
painted  by  themselves,  I  insert  this  matrimonial  epistle  to 
Maurice  O'Connell,  of  Darrynane — 

Bergues,  January  the  first,  1769. 

My  Dr.  Cousin, — You  must  be  certainly  surprized  that 
I  did  not  answer  your  letters  before  now,  which  came  to  my 
hands  in  due  time.  The  affair  I  had  in  hands  at  that 
moment  hindered  me,  which  was  a  Law  Suite  with  the 
Magistrates  of  this  town,  and  the  same  time  was  coming  to 
a  tryal — hindered  me  of  proceeding  further  at  that  time. 

Since  the  Eeform  ^  I  courted  a  Lady  in  this  town  with  the 
Concent  of  her  Mother.  Her  nearest  Eelations  opposed  the 
Marriage,  as  the  girl  is  an  only  child  and  well  in  her  affairs, 
and  my  being  a  stranger  without  any  fortune,  upon  which 
there  was  a  Law  Suite  Commenced,  which  I  have  gained  in 
spite  of  twenty-four  Magistrates,  and  that  thro'  Means  of  a 
Lt, -General  who  commands  the  Province,  whom  I  had  the 
honour  of  knowing  in  Germany,  and  offer'd  me  his  protection 
att  his  arrival  in  this  Country.  Now  I  am  Marryed  to  the 
same  Lady  to  the  satisfaction  of  all  my  friends — no  great 
fortune,  but  Means  to  live  Decently  independant.  Would  to 
God  I  had  itt  in  that  Country  where  I  would  relieve  that  Dear 
Brother  that  draws  Drops  of  Blood  from  my  heart  to  hear  of 
his  Wants.  You'll  tell  me  what  would  relieve  him  from  this 
country.  Yes,  my  dear  Maurice,  if  I  was  master  of  the 
fortune,  but  as  it  comes  by  the  Mother,  she  is  Mistress  while 
she  lives.  'Tis  certain  I  want  for  nothing,  but  cannot  enjoy 
myself  and  knowing  the  Wants  of  my  Dr.  Brother ;  but  for  the 
present  it  is  quite  out  of  my  power  to  relieve  him,  as  I  was 
something  in  Debt  after  the  Eeform,  and  that  I  pay  it  out  of 
the  poor  pension  the  King  makes  me.  These  twelve  months 
being  over,  I  could  allow  him  six  pounds  a  year,  which  is  all 
in  my  power  till  after  the  Death  of  my  Mother-in-Law. 

Oh,  my  Dear  Cousin,  what  obligations  I  owe  you  and  your 

*  Some  regimental  reductions  and  retrenchments. 


Irish  Boys  Abroad .  127 

family  for  your  goodness  to  that  Dear  Brother,  who  is  dearer 
to  me  than  the  rest  of  the  World  !  Can  I  ever  find  Means  to 
make  you  amends,  be  persuaded,  D""  Maurice,  that  it  will  be 
my  study  Day  and  Night  to  find  the  Means  to  persuade  you 
how  much  I  am  acknowledging,  and  Ever  will,  my  D""  Cousin. 
Continue  that  which  you  Began,  and  procure  that  Dear 
Brother  and  his  family,  in  sight  of  my  letter,  some  Barrels  of 
potatoes,  with  a  hundred  of  Butter,  and  for  May  next  you'll 
buy  him  two  Milch  Cows,  which  sum  I  will  pay  you  on  sight 
or  to  your  orders.  Let  me  have  the  satisfaction  of  your 
answering  my  Draught,  which  will  be  acknowledged  as  an 
Everlasting  obligation.  Embrace  that  Dear  Brother  for  me, 
and  tell  him  that  this  is  all  in  my  power  at  present.  Oh,  my 
Dear  Cousin,  if  you  could  give  my  Mother  a  trifle  to  buy  snuff 
with,  what  pleasure  I  would  pay  it  along  with  the  rest !  You 
wanted  to  know  the  station  of  Maurice  Charles  [O'Connell] 
and  Maurice  Jeffrey  [O'Connell].  The  former  is  the  Eecruit- 
ing  Officer  of  Eothe's  [Irish  Piegiment],  has  nothing  to  say  to 
the  Eegm\  and  has  Double  appointments  [pay] ;  the  Later  is 
still  Cadet  in  Bulkeley's  [Irish  Eegiment],  one  of  the  best  Lads 
that  ever  left  his  Country.  I  can  assure  you  he  is  a  credit  to 
any  Nation.  They  are  now  in  garrison  in  Gravelines,  three 
small  Leagues  from  this  town.  It  is  but  three  days  agoe 
since  he  and  I  cracked  some  Bottles  of  Wine.  Next  year  the 
Eoyal  Sweades  are  coming  to  Flanders.  Then  I  may  have 
the  pleasure  of  seeing  Daniel  att  my  house.  He  was  perfectly 
well  when  I  saw  his  letter  two  days  agone  to  Mr.  Fagan.  Be 
pleased  to  accept  the  compliments  of  an  approaching  year 
from  him  who  is  ever  your  Sincere  and  aff*''  Kinsman, 

EoBERT  Conway. 
And  be  pleased  to  make  the  same  compliments  to  your 
worthy  family,  Timm  McCarthy  and  his  family,  Kean,  Miles 
and  family  [Mahonys],  the  families  of  Kinsmen  James  and 
John  Segerson  and  families.  By  this  Post  I'll  write  to  my 
brother. 

I  turn  from  the  lad  in  his  garrison,  and  the  happy  Bene- 
dict, who  send  their  New  Year's  greetings,  to  the  gem  of  the 
Darrynane  smuggling  papers.  The  sheriff,  who  will  be  of 
the  smuggling  party,  and  the  loyal  Protestant  gentleman  who 
transmits  by  a  sure  hand  the  epistle  of  one  smuggling  Papist  to 
another,  should  have  figured  in  "  The  Two  Chiefs  of  Dunboy." 
If  my  reader  will  look  back  to  the  portion  of  our  history 
referring  to  1767,  he  will  see  informations  against  the  high- 
waymen, the  Loders,  sworn  before  Thomas  Orphen,  as  the 


128       The  Last  Colonel  of  the  Irish  Brigade. 

local  Justice  of  the  Peace.  The  Blennerhassetts  were  fre- 
quently colloquially  spoken  of  as  Hassetts.  I  fancy  the 
"  Villens  "  are  the  informing  pardoned  marauders. 

The  letter  is  addressed,  "  Mr.  Mau.  Connel,  Darranane," 
no  postmark,  seemingly  sent  by  hand. 

Saturday,  Feb.  i|,  1769. 
De.  Sir, — All  parties  at  last  have  agreed  to  our  former 
scheme,  and  Wednesday  next  we  all  sett  out  in  the  night  for 
Glancare ;  the  Sherrif  will  be  of  our  partie.  Kich'^  and 
Arthur  Hassett  are  dooing  what  they  can  to  sett  or  find  out 
particularly  where  those  Villens  are.  This  is  sent  by  express 
to  you  by  Mr.  Orphen,  to  whom  I've  enclosed  it.  I  hope  we 
may  have  success,  and  have  great  hopes  we  will  not  fail  in 
our  attempt.  When  we  meet  we  shall  talk  of  the  matter. 
I  rec''  both  y^  le"  [letters]. 

I  am  y"  affectly., 

Dens.  Mahony. 

Young  Dan's  next  letter  is  of  considerable  interest  and 
importance.  He  has  at  last  visited  Paris,  but,  ever  full  of  the 
pressing  business  of  pushing  his  fortunes,  he  spares  not  a 
word  to  describe  its  sights  and  wonders.  His  studies,  the 
slowly  and  surely  laid  foundations  of  future  eminence,  are  all 
he  mentions.  He  does  not  give  any  details  about  the  king, 
whom  he  must  then  have  seen  for  the  first  time.  Says  my 
fellow-worker,  Eoss  O'Connell — 

Maria  Leszinska,  wife  of  his  Most  Christian  Majesty 
Louis  XV.  and  daughter  of  Stanislaus  King  of  Poland,  died 
June  25,  1768 ;  she  was  mother  of  Louis  le  Dauphin,  and  of 
the  four  princesses  known  to  history  as  Loque,  Graille,  Chiffe, 
and  Coche.  It  was  this  lady's  "  bonnet  de  nuit  de  dentelles 
avec  de  grandes  girandoles  de  diamants  "  that  so  electrified 
Madame  de  Genlis,  when  that  future  nursery  governess  to 
princes  was  presented  ("Memoires,"  ch.  ix.).  Some  two 
years  after  the  queen's  death,  a  certain  young  soldier, 
Dumouriez  by  name,  returning  from  Corsica,  sees  "  with 
sorrow  at  Compiegne  the  old  King  of  France  on  foot,  with 
doffed  hat,  in  sight  of  his  army,  at  the  side  of  a  magnificent 

phaeton,  doing  homage  to  the Dubarry  "  ("  Memoires  du 

Gen.  Dumouriez,"  quoted  by  Carlyle,  "Eevolution,"  vol.  i. 
p.  3).     Young  O'Connell  probably  saw  this  and  many  other 


IrisJi   Boys  Abroad.  129 

things  witli  a  semi-prophetic  sorrow  equal  to  Dumouriez's — • 
things  it  was  not  safe  to  trust  to  the  post,  and  he  unhappily 
wrote  no  memoirs. 

St.  Simon  says  that,  under  Louis  XIV.,  every  letter  that 
passed  through  the  post  was  opened,  extracts  were  made  of 
anything  likely  to  interest  or  amuse  the  king,  and  these  were 
read  to  his  Majesty.  Innumerable  lettres  de  cachet  were  one 
of  the  results.  The  system  obtained  for  years  before  an 
intelligent  public  suspected  that  le  Eoi  Soleil,  and  after  him 
Louis  le  Bien-aime,  enjoyed  the  firstfruits  of  its  correspon- 
dence. Louis  XVI.  was  too  honest  to  profit  by  stolen  confi- 
dences, but  his  police  were  far  too  conservative  and  far  too 
wise  to  abandon  a  plan  that  answered  so  exceedingly  well, 
although  the  letter-writing  folk  had  grown  somewhat  cautious 
by  this  time,  which  accounts  for  the  absence  of  many  things 
one  would  expect  to  find  in  letters  of  the  period. — [R.  O'C] 

This  letter  of  my  hero's  is  in  my  possession,  having  been 
given  me  by  the  present  Daniel  O'Connell,  of  Darrynane. 
Some  words  are  illegible,  as  something  was  spilt  over  the 
paper. 

Paris,  August  7,  17C9. 

I  apprehend  my  Dear  Brother  may  disapprove  of  my 
deffering  to  acknowledge  the  rec^  of  his  letter  and  bill,  but  as 
it  came  to  hands  only  a  few  days  before  the  departure  of  my 
Regiment  for  the  Camp  of  Compiegne,  and  that  1  had  formed 
the  resolution  of  taking  a  trip  to  Ireland,  directly  after  post- 
poned .  .  . 

...  Of  the  Camp  which  held  a  month  .  .  .  Capitaine 
Pagan,  my  worthy  friend,  came  from  Paris  to  see  his  brothers 
and  me,  and  thought  it  absolutely  necessary  I  should  come 
down  here  for  the  oppertunity  of  making  acquaintances  and 
appearing  in  the  World.  He  took  me  with  him,  and  gives 
me  Lodging  and  every  other  Conveniency  I  could  expect  of 
you  in  his  place.  I  have  taken  some  masters  that  I  have  not 
had  an  oppertunity  of  finding  Elsewhere  ;  that  motive,  joined 
to  a  strong  appearance  of  a  speedy  advancement,  induces  me 
to  make  a  longer  stay  than  I  at  first  intended,  nor  can  I  well 
determine  what  shall  become  of  me  this  Winter.  The  trouble 
and  expences  the  Camp  laid  me  under,  and  the  success  with 
which  the  Regt.  appeared  there,  gives  me  from  the  share 
I  had  in  it  the  most  solid  Claims  to  preferment.  I  daily  see 
my  Colonel  here  ;    there's  nothing  in  his  power  but  I  can 

VOL.  I.  K 


130       The  Last   Colonel  of  the  Irish  Brigade. 

firmly  rely  on,  but  if  in  his  Eegt.  it  fails,  I  think  it  Cannot 
Elsewhere,  at  least  it  shall  not  thro'  my  fault.  I  can  justly 
say  I  paid  it  dear  whenever  it  comes,  tho'  ...  of  my  country 
I  have  (thank  God)  been  more  happy.  Adieu.  I  hope,  before 
the  latter  end  of  the  winter,  I  shall,  if  possible,  go  spend  a 
month  with  you.  My  tender  duty  to  my  father  and  mother. 
I  hope  they  will  receive  me  with  friendship  and  pleasure. 
"With  love  to  Brother  Morgan,  Sisters  Connell,  and  compli- 
ments to  all.  I  shall  remain,  with  the  truest  affection,  my 
Dear  Brother, 

Yours  most  respectfullj% 

Danl.  O'Connell. 

My  warm  compliments  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Fagan  and  family. 
Captain  Fagan  sends  you  his,  and  Entreats  you'll  be  so  good 
as  to  say  to  Mrs.  Fagan,  his  mother,  that  he  with  impatience 
expects  a  letter  from  her.  All  friends  here  are  well.  The 
German  Fagans  are  very  well.  Address  to  me  as  underneath. 
Our  Regt.  is  to  march  to  Phallzbourgh,  in  Alsace. 

Address:  a  Monsieur  O'C,  Chez  Mons.  de  Fagan,  rue  de 
Eichelieu,  vis-a-vis  la  fontaine  a  Paris. 

Stephen  Fagan  is  now  butter-merchant  in  Cork.  Grati- 
tude, I  think,  my  dear  brother,  obliges  all  our  family  to  deal 
with  him  preferably  to  any  other  person,  considering  the 
obligations  conferred  on  me  by  his  brother. 

I  shall  close  my  second  chapter  with  this  Compiegne 
letter.  My  hero,  during  this  sojourn  in  Paris,  prepared  the 
way  for  entering  the  famous  old  Irish  Brigade  with  which  his 
name  is  identified,  though  it  was  in  the  Eoyal  Swedes  that  he 
won  his  first  honours  as  a  boy-cadet  in  the  Seven  Years'  War. 
He  again  distinguished  himself  in  that  regiment  when,  sent 
back  to  his  old  comrades  as  their  lieut. -colonel,  he  led  them 
on  board  the  floating  batteries  before  Gibraltar  in  1782. 

The  third  book  of  this  history  relates  to  the  Irish  Brigade, 
which  my  hero  now  entered,  in  Clare's  famous  regiment. 


(      131      ) 


NOTES  TO  BOOK  11. 

I  shall  begin  the  Notes  to  Book  II.  with  a  brief  account  of 
Irish  pilots  and  their  gains  in  Spain. 

I  also  append  to  this  second  portion  of  my  chronicle  some 
notes  on  the  0' Sullivan  race,  many  of  whose  offshoots  figure 
in  these  pages.  Two  of  the  most  typical  instances  of  the 
survival  of  the  old  pride  of  power  among  women  of  chiefly 
race  came  under  my  notice  among  kinswomen  of  Maur-ni- 
Dhuiv.  Horrible  and  grotesque  as  are  some  of  the  details, 
I  think  they  are  too  valuable,  as  illustrations  of  old  manners 
and  customs,  to  be  forgotten.  I  purposely  disguise  the 
persons  and  places  mentioned  in  "  The  Two  Bed  Eoquelaures," 
as  the  descendants  of  the  thrifty  couple  might  not  care  to 
have  their  homely  ancestors  paraded  with  full  name  ajad 
address. 

Note  A. 

Irish  Pilots  and  Seamen. 

A  letter  of  Gyles  ^  0' Sullivan  to  his  cousin,  Maurice 
O'Connell,  of  Darrynane,  dated  Cadiz,  October  10,  1758,  gives 
an  interesting  account  of  Irish  pilots.  Owing  to  the  great 
influx  of  foreign  pilots,  those  of  Spain  petitioned  the  king 
against  their  employment.  The  Irish  pilots  are  alone  ad- 
mitted to  the  West  Indian  ports,  and  they  must  first  serve 
two  campaigns,  or  eighteen  months  before  the  mast.  Gyles 
could  find  no  other  chance  than  joining  one  of  their  men-of- 
war,  which  were  here  in  this  post  continually  to  cruise  after 
the  Moors,  in  the  station  of  a  foremast  man.  At  the  end  of 
fourteen,  instead  of  eighteen,  months  he  was  appointed  "in 
y®  Quality  of  Pilot,"  and  released  from  menial  work. 

"  In  Sep"",  1756,  began  my  Campaign,  at  which  time  my 
Uncle  was  on  his  passage  from  y''  South  Seas,  and  suffered 
so  much  fatigue  comeing  round  Cape  Horn  in  y*'  dead  of  y® 
winter,  that  after  his  arrival  here  he  was  in  a  very  bad  state 
of  health  for  6  months  afterwards.  In  May  following,  1757, 
there  came  an  order  here  from  the  Court  to  fitt  oute  a  fregitt 

*  Gyles,  here,  is  modified  from  Giolla-Iosa  ("Servant  of  .Jesus"), 
whence  (Hllks  and  Gyles. — [S.] 


132       The  Last   Colonel  of  the  Irish  Brigade. 

of  War  with  307  guns,  to  carry  a  Million  of  Hard  Dollars  to 
y''  Bank  in  Amsterdam,  as  likewise  to  get  two  of  y*^  best 
navagators  that  was  well  acquainted  with  the  Channell,  for 
y®  more  security  of  y**  King's  ship  and  money,  which  was 
immediately  put  in  execution,  and  all  y*"  dilligence  possible 
made  to  get  Pilots,  but  could  get  none  to  their  satisfaction. 
At  y®  same  time,  y°  ship  i  belonged  to  arrived  from  a  Cruise, 
and  y^  Captain,  hearing  y^  search  they  were  making  for 
Pilots  to  goe  in  y*^  fregitt,  he  instantly  went  to  y*^  Major 
General  of  y®  Marine,  who  was  y*^  Person  that  first  sent  me 
aboard,  and  by  y*^  large  description  he  and  his  officers  were 
pleased  to  give  of  my  capacity  and  Knowledge  I  had  of  y° 
Channell,  He  immediately  ordered  me  aboard  of  a  fregitt,  as 
one  of  y*^  two  of  those  before  mentioned.  At  y®  same  time 
was  informed  that  my  Uncle  was  y'^  only  man  they  could  find 
fittest  for  this  purpose,  if  they  could  prevail  on  him  to  goe, 
upon  which  he  w^as  sent  for  by  the  Captain  General  of  y® 
Marine,  who  told  him  if  he  chused  to  goe,  he  would  get  him 
liscence  from  Court  to  sail  to  y*^  Indies.  My  Uncle  told  him, 
provided  he  did  so,  with  giving  him  y®  Captain's  table  and  a 
Cabin  as  well  as  y*^  rest  of  y^  officers,  he  was  ready  to  obey 
the  commands,  which  he  granted  Him." 

In  another  letter  he  mentions  that  his  uncle,  Owen 
Sullivan,  the  pilot,  is  worth  sB2000,  "  which  I  assure  you  he 
has  need  for,  as  there  is  not  a  year  that  passes  but  he  spends 
£300,  which  is  what  gets  him  great  esteem  and  credit  he  has. 
As  for  me,  I  am  making  all  the  Interest  I  can  to  get  into  one 
of  the  Flota  Ships  that  goes  out  Next  year  for  Vera  Cruz,  in 
the  Bay  of  Mexico." 


Note  B. 
0' Sullivan. 

Arms  :  per  pale  vert  and  arg. ;  on  the  first  a  buck  pas. 
ppr. ;  on  the  second  a  boar  pas.  per  pale  sa.  and  ppr. ;  on  a 
chief  or.  two  lions  ramp.  comb,  gu.,  supporting  with  fore  paws 
a  sword  entwined  with  a  serpent.  0' Sullivan  Beare :  Per 
pale  sa.  and  ar.,  a  fesse  between  two  boars  pas. ;  that  in 
chief  to  the  dexter,  that  in  base  to  sin. ;  all  counterchanged. 
Many  versions  of  these  two  coats  have  been  borne  by  different 
branches  of  the  O'Sullivans  and  Sullivans.  MacGillicuddy 
bears  gu.,  a  wivern  or. 

The  following  quaint  rhj^med  description  of  the  arms  of 
O'Sullivan  is  preserved  by  the  Ardea  branch  of  the  O'Sullivan 
family : — 


Notes  to  Book  II.  133 

' '  A  robin  redbreast  perched  upon  a  crown  ; 
Two  lions  ramjiant,  with  a  dreadful  frown  ; 
A  stately  stag  and  a  grisly  boar  do  stand 
Beneath  a  nervous  and  unconquered  hand, 
That  grasps  a  sword,  around  whose  blade 
A  shining,  sjiarkling  evet  is  displayed." 

Motto:  "Lamh  foistenach  an  uachtar." 

The  O'Sullivans  of  the  Eugenian  race  were  formerly 
princes  of  Cnoc-Graffan,  a  territory  in  the  barony  of  Middle- 
third,  in  County  Tii^perary,  thus  mentioned  by  O'Heerin — 

"  O'Sullivan,  who  delights  not  in  violence, 
Rules  over  the  extensive  Eoghanacht  ^  of  Munster, 
About  Knockgraffan  broad  lands  he  obtained, 
Won  by  his  victorious  arms  in  confliccs  and  battles." 

The  O'Sullivans  were,  however,  dispossessed  of  this  terri- 
tory by  the  McCarthys  and  Buadach,  and  the  chiefs  of  the 
sept  removed  into  the  Counties  of  Cork  and  Kerry,  where  they 
became  possessed  of  extensive  estates.  About  this  period 
the  family  of  O'Sullivan  appears  divided  into  two  great 
branches,  viz.  the  O'Sullivan  Mor,  Lords  of  Dunkerron,  in 
the  County  Kerry,  and  the  O'Sullivan  Beare,  Chiefs  of  Beare 
and  Bantry,  in  the  County  of  Cork.  O'Sullivan  Mor's  country 
contained  two  hundred  ploughlands,  and  he  found  McCarthy 
Mor  in  fifty  gallowglasses  in  time  of  war  and  £20  yearly,  or 
value  to  that  amount.  In  a  document  addressed  by  Sir 
Warham  St.  Leger  to  Lord  Burleigh,  preserved  in  the  State 
Papers  Office,  the  O'Sullivan  Mor  of  their  time  is  described 
as  "  Lord  of  a  great  country,  the  Earl's  (Donal  McCarty) 
seneschal  and  marshal,  married  to  Florence  MacCarthy's 
sister,  and  able  to  make  a  hundred  swords." 

Donal,  who  married  Mary,  daughter  of  Cormac  Og,  Lord 
Muskerry,  died  a.d.  1548,  left  issue  Dermod,  Tanist  of  Dun- 
kerron, who  married  the  daughter  of  Sir  Owen  McCarthy 
Eeagh-Boghe  (Bud-6dc  in  Irish,  "Victorious  in  battle"),  who 
married  the  daughter  of  O'Donovan  of  Carberry;  Connor, 
who  married  Winifred  (or  Honoria),  the  daughter  of  Edmond 
FitzGerald,  Knight  of  the  Valley ;  Donal,  who  married  the 
daughter  of  O'Leyne,  widow  of  MacGillicuddy;  Ellen  married 
Donal  O'Sullivan  (the  heroic  Donal  Cam,  the  defender  of 
Dunboy)  ;  Beara,  a  daughter  who  espoused  John,  Knight  of 
Kerry,  and  his  son  and  successor;  Eoghan  of  Dunkerron, 
who  married  Julia  McCarthy  (living  in  1608). 

In  this  castle  of  Dunkerron,  near  Kenmare,  was  an 
inscribed    stone    legible    early    in    this    century,    "  I.H.S., 

^  i.e.  Eugenians— descendants  of  Eoghan  Mor,  one  of  Olioll  OUum's 
sons. 


134       The  Last   Colonel  of  the  Irish  Brigade. 

Maria  Deo  Gratias  ± .  This  work  was  made  the  xx.  of 
April,  1596,  by  Owen  O'Sullivan  Mor  and  Shyly  Ny  Donogli 
McCarthy  Eeagh,"  Shyly,  or  Sheela^  (Julia)  was  daughter  of 
McCarthy  Eeagh,  Prince  of  Carberry.  Donal,  the  last 
O'Sullivan  Mor,  died  at  Tomies,  near  Killarney,  in  1762,  and 
was  buried  in  Mucross  Abbey.     He  left  no  lawful  issue. 

Charles  Edward's  distinguished  companion  of  "  The  '45," 
Sir  John  O'Sullivan,  was  the  son  of  a  cadet  of  the  family, 
and  has  a  descendant  now  living,  the  Hon.  John  Sullivan, 
formerly  American  Minister  to  the  courts  of  St.  James  and 
Lisbon. 

The  O'Sullivan  Beares  were  the  second  branch  of  the 
O'Sullivan  race,  and  were  even  more  j)Owerful  than  the 
O'Sullivan  Mors.  It  became  customary  to  call  the  one.  Lord 
of  Dunkerron  ;  the  other,  O'Sullivan  Beare,  or  Lord  of  Beare. 
There  is  an  old  Irish  saying,  "O'Sullivan  is  lord  from  Beare 
to  Dhous  "  (Dhous  is  a  distant  hill  far  beyond  Bantry  town). 

"  O'Sullivan  Beare," '^  says  Mr.  Windele,  "by  his  tenure 
was  obliged  to  aid  McCarthy  Mor  with  all  his  strength,  and 
to  be  marshal  of  his  army.  He  was  to  jDay,  for  every  arable 
ploughland,  five  gallowglasses  or  kerns,  or  six  shillings  and 
eightpeuce,  or  a  beef  for  each,  at  the  option  of  McCarthy. 
McCarthy  was  to  receive  half  a  crown  for  every  ship  that 
came  to  fish  or  trade  in  0' Sullivan's  harbours.  O'Sullivan 
was  to  give  McCarthy  merchandise  at  the  rate  he  purchased 
it.  He  was  to  entertain  McCarthy  and  all  his  train  two 
nights  at  Dunboy,  and  whenever  they  travelled  that  way. 
He  was  to  send  horse  meat  to  Paillice  for  McCarthy's  saddle 
horses,  and  pay  the  groom  three  shillings  and  fourpence  out 
of  every  arable  ploughland.  He  was  to  find  hounds,  grey- 
hounds, and  spaniels  for  McCarthy  when  he  came,  and  one 
shilling  and  eightpence  annually  to  his  huntsman,  out  of 
every  ploughland." 

The  third  branch  of  the  O'Sullivan  sept  takes  the  name  of 
MacGillicuddy,  deriving  their  descent  and  surname  from  Gilla 
Mochuda,  of  the  race  of  Donal  Mor  O'Sullivan.  The  chief 
representative  of  the  family  still  retains  the  title  of  "  MacGilli- 
cuddy of  the  Reeks,"  and  holds  a  portion  of  the  lands  of  his 
ancestors.  Tradition  avers  that  he  holds  these  lands  on 
Dame  Nature's  own  patent  until  the  Reeks  be  a  winter  with- 
out snow. 

The  fourth  branch  of  the  O'Sullivans  became  "  McFineen 
Dhuv  "  ("  the  sons  of  Dark  Florence").    The  epithet  "  Dark  " 

1  Correctly  Sj3jle. 

2  Mr.  Cronuelly  says,  "O'Sullivan  Mor,"  -vvhicli  is  clearly  a  mistake, 
as  Dunboy  was  O'Sullivan  Beare's  stronghold  on  Beare  Haven. 


Xotes  to  Book  II.  135 

was  much  needed,  as  a  branch  of  the  McCarth_ys  were  styled 
"  McFineen  "  ("  sons  of  Florence  ").  Several  families  whose 
names  have  been  variously  anglicized  are  branches  of  the 
0' Sullivan  clan,  such  as  the  Sugrues  of  Fermoyle  and  Cork, 
who  have  continued  to  bear  the  0' Sullivan  arms. 


Note  C. 

Conway  of  Bodrhyddan. 

Arms:  sa.  on  a  bend  cotised  ar,  a  rose  between  two  annulets 
gu.  The  Kerry  Conways  seem  to  have  borne  the  annulets  of 
the  field  instead  of  gu.,  as  does  Conway,  Marquess  of  Hertford. 

The  Conways. 

Much  information  anent  the  Conways  and  their  kinsfolk  is 
given  in  the  Blennerhassett  pedigree  in  "Old  Kerry  Records." 
Jenkin,  younger  son  of  Sir  John  Conway,  of  Eagely,  and 
great-grandson  of  John  Conway,  of  Bodrythan,  Flint,  and  of 
Janetta  Stanley,  of  Hooton,  settled  in  Kerry  in  the  reign  of 
Elizabeth.  He  left  one  son,  Jenkin,  and  two  daughters. 
Elizabeth  married  Ptobert  Blennerhassett,  of  Ballyseedy ;  and 
Alice  married  Edmund  Eoe.  The  line  of  Jenkin  the  younger 
terminated  with  his  granddaughters  Avice  and  Alice  Conway, 
co-heiresses  of  Killorglin,  of  whom  the  elder  married  her 
second  cousin,  Eobert  Blennerhassett,  of  Ballyseedy.  Eliza- 
beth, daughter  of  Edmund  Eoe  and  Alice  Conway,  married 
her  fourth  cousin,  Captain  James  Conway,  son  of  Christopher 
Conway,  of  Eathmines,  by  his  second  wife,  Mary,  daughter  of 
Sir  James  Ware  ;  ^  said  Christopher  being  great-great-grand- 
son of  John  Conway,  of  Bodrythan,  Avho  was  great-grandfather 
of  the  elder  Jenkin,  and  head  of  this  branch  of  the  house  of 
Conway.  Captain  James  had  a  son  Christopher,  of  Clag- 
hane.  County  Kerry,  who  married  Joan  Eoche,  and  had,  with  a 
daughter,  Elizabeth,  wife  of  John  O'Connell,  of  Darrynane, 
seven  sons,  of  whom  the  two  elder  alone  have  any  interest 
for  us. 

James  went  to  France  with  the  brigade,  and  had  two  sons, 
officers  in  the  French  Service. 

Thomas,  the  second,  had  three  sons. 

1.  Christopher  {oh.  s.p.). 

1  Sir  James  Ware,  Auditor-General,  M.P.  for  INIallow  1G13,  oh.  10:52, 
descended  from  Roger  de  Ware,  a  Baron  of  Parliament,  fcmp.  Edward  I. 
By  his  wife  Mary,  daughter  of  Sir  Ambrose  Briden,  of  Maidstone,  Kent, 
Sir  James  was  father  of  Sir  James  Ware,  Auditor-General,  P.O.,  M.P. 
for  Trinity  College,  1639,  the  famous  antiquarian. 


136       TJie  Last   Colonel  of  the  Iritili  Brigade. 

2.  James,  Count  Conway,  the  "  old  Colonel  James  "  of  the 
letters,  married  Julia  Maliony,  and  had  two  sons. 

(1)  Thomas,  General  Count  Conway,  Governor  of  the 
Mauritius  before  1783. 

(2)  James,  "  Vicomte  "  Conway,  served  in  Dillon's  Eegi- 
ment. 

3.  Edward,  married  Ellen  Mahony,  and  had  James, 
Colonel  53rd  Eegiment,  whose  son  Thomas  was  Colonel  of  the 
Grenadier  Guards,  and  C.B. 

Sheara-na-mo-Mor  O'Connell,  of  Iveragh  {oh.  1722,  cet.  38), 
married  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Edmund  Conway,  of  Glen- 
beigh,  Kerry;  and  their  eldest  son,  Maurice,  married  Jane, 
daughter  of  Thomas  Blennerhassett,  of  Killorglin,  who  was 
younger  son  of  Eobert  Blennerhassett,  of  Bally  seedy,  and 
Avice  Conway,  co-heiress  of  Killorglin.  This  Maurice  was, 
by  his  wife  Jane,  grandfather  of  the  Liberator's  wife. — 
[R.  O'C] 

Note  D. 
Shevaun-ni-Dhuiv's  Vengeance. 

In  my  mission  of  chronicler  to  the  old,  real  Irish,  I  gladly 
step  a  little  aside  among  the  "  cousins  and  the  aunts"  of  my 
hero  to  collect  any  picturesque  episodes.  I  cannot  resist  the 
temptation  of  this  especial  digression.  We  might  think  it 
concerned  some  mediaeval  lady  out  of  Scott's  "Border  Min- 
strelsy," instead  of  a  comparatively  modern  eighteenth-century 
gentlewoman. 

The  old  folk  have  many  stories  about  three  ladies  of  the 
Dark  O'Donoghues :  Maur-ni-Dhuiv,  my  hero's  mother ;  Nor- 
ni-Dhuiv  (Honora  O'Donoghue  Dlmiv) ;  and  Shevaun  ^-ni- 
Dhuiv  (Joan  O'Donoghue  Dhuiv).  These  two  latter  were 
either  sisters  or  aunts  of  Maur-ni-Dhuiv  —  the  greater 
number  of  old  people  say  aunts.  This  redoubtable  Joan  was 
familiarly  known  by  an  Irish  jjhrase  which  means,  "A  bite 
out  of  the  devil's  belt,"  meaning  that  she  was  fierce  and 
strong  and  daring  enough  to  have  committed  such  an  outrage 
on  Satan's  personal  trappings.  She  was  married  to  a 
McCarthy,  "  out  west,"  of  whose  home,  lands,  or  male  posterity 
no  trace  now  exists.  Like  all  the  other  lands  of  Catholics, 
theirs  lay  at  the  mercy  of  a  Protestant  discoverer.  Shevaun- 
ni-Dhuiv  was  left  a  widow  with  several  daughters  and  one 
handsome  son,  the  "  apple  of  her  eye."  Near  her  house  was 
a  mill,  originally  a  feudal  appendage  to  the  property,  and 

^  Recte  Sj0bl^4t},  or  Siobhan. 


Notes  to  Book  II.  137 

occupied  by  tenants.  The  young  folk  of  the  mill  were  orphans. 
Shevaun-ni-Dhuiv  had  always  been  exceedingly  kind  to  them. 
When  the  young  miller  grew  up,  the  return  he  made  was 
to  lodge  preliminary  informations  against  his  benefactress. 
These,  however,  required  a  little  more  "hard  swearing"  to 
dispossess  the  McCarthy  family.  Shevaun-ni-Dhuiv  got  a 
timely  warning,  and  sent  a  trusty  messenger  to  Glantlesk, 
where  the  wildest  of  wild  men  defied  law  and  order,  but  were 
as  docile  as  sheep  to  O'Donoghue  behests.  The  O'Donoghue 
Dhuvs,  however,  were  only  a  younger  ofishoot  of  the  chiefly 
family  of  the  Glens — chieftains  of  Glanliesk.  The  lady's 
messenger  bore  a  very  oddly  worded  message.  The  faithless 
follower  of  her  children's  house  was  on  no  account  to  be  killed ; 
but  he  was  to  be  prevented  swearing  away  their  birthright. 
Her  bidding  was  carried  out  to  the  letter.  A  great  gang  of 
O'Donoghue  peasants  came  down  from  the  wild  glens,  sur- 
rounded the  mill,  seized  and  overpowered  the  miller,  and  cut 
out  his  tongue.  They  did  not  inflict  any  other  injuries  on 
hiin,  and  Shevaun-ni-Dhuiv's  brutal  expedient  perfectly  suc- 
ceeded. 

However,  the  handsome  lad,  whose  lands  she  had  pre- 
served by  such  a  desperate  expedient,  was  snatched  away  from 
her  by  an  early  death.  Sergeant  O'Connor,  E.I.C.,  to  whom 
I  am  so  largely  indebted  for  Irish  verse,  remembers  one  verse 
of  the  keen  she  made  over  her  son.  Every  keen  described 
the  dead,  generally  invited  different  classes  of  mourners,  in 
different  stanzas,  to  swell  the  burst  of  tuneful  sorrow  above 
the  bier,  and  in  other  verses  recited  the  ancient  lineage  of  the 
dead.  In  the  verse  my  staunch  and  zealous  helper  remembers 
she  appeals  to  her  daughters,  the  fair  maidens  whose  dowries 
were  to  have  been  provided  by  their  brother.  The  Irish  was 
kindly  written  down  by  Mr.  O'Sullivan,  of  Maylor  Street, 
Cork,  to  whom  also  I  am  so  much  indebted. 

21  ti)t)d  034  -pedfc^i  34bd)T5  uajtti  attidC, 

2I3U1-  7:eucdj-6  a'  b-'pejc):)-6  x)h  \\\'  2ltit:  05  d'  x;edcr 

2l3U')-  4.'  cloj-oedri)  cedT)T)  6)]\  'rjd  3I4C 

)X  e  -DO  3ldci:4r>  r3J«l  30  tt]dt: 

Cutti  x\d  tti-bdt)  -co  3leu'|*  'r  "co  cuti  dttvic 

Shevaun-ni-Dhuiv's  words,  addressed  to  her  daughters,  run 
thus  in  English — 

"O  young  maidens,  speed  quick  from  me  forth, 
And  watch  :  can  you  see  my  young  Art  approach, 
And  his  sword  with  gold  hilt  in  his  hand  ? 
'Tis  he  would  take  care,  well-equipped, 
To  speed  young  maidens  fittingly  forth.'' 


138       TJie  Last  Colonel  of  the  Irish   Brigade. 

Note  E. 
The  Two  Eed  Eoquelaukes. 

Now,  the  following  veracious  history  is  known  to  many 
people,  and  the  descendants  of  the  two  wearers  of  the  red 
mantles  it  commemorates  still  exist.  Not  to  hurt  any  one's 
feelings,  I  shall  conceal,  as  far  as  possible,  time,  place,  and 
personal  identity,  merely  observing  that  the  proud  lady's 
people  were  akin  to  Count  O'Connell's  relatives,  which  is  not 
giving  a  very  clear  clue  to  their  identity. 

A  Catholic  gentleman  of  one  of  the  old  Celtic  families 
along  the  Cork  and  Kerry  borders  rented  from  a  Protestant 
a  large  tract,  once  the  estate  of  his  own  ancestors.  At  that 
time  "Papists"  were  restricted  to  thirty-two-year  leases,  but 
renewals  on  payment  of  a  fine  were  so  customary  that  the  old 
people  were  generally  pretty  safe,  and  if  any  unforfeited  lands 
remained  to  them,  their  landlords  would  help  them  to  screen 
these  from  the  discoverer.  A  respectable  peasant  farmer  of 
the  same  clan,  but  by  no  means  of  the  same  family,  who  had 
a  good  farm  and  a  thrifty  wife,  lived  near  this  gentleman. 
These  folk  had  made  a  good  deal  of  money  without  in  any 
way  attempting  to  overstep  social  distinctions  or  compete 
with  their  namesakes.  The  gentleman's  wife  belonged  to  an 
exceedingly  ancient  and  haughty  family,  and  had  a  propor- 
tionate amount  of  pride.  One  Sunday  she  came  to  Mass  in 
the  little  thatched  country  chapel,  in  a  beautiful  and  costly 
new-fashioned  garment  made  of  fine  scarlet  broadcloth.  It 
was  called  a  roquelaure,  and  resembled  Red  Eiding  Hood's 
historic  mantle. 

On  the  following  Sunday  the  farmer's  wife  discarded  the 
dark  blue  cloth  cloak  of  a  Munster  peasant,  which  even  the 
richest  farming  women  wore,  with  satin  lining  to  the  great 
hood,  and  the  audacious  milker  of  many  cows  appeared  in 
a  precisely  similar  scarlet  roquelaure  to  the  high-born  lady. 

The  haughty  dame  rushed  out  of  her  seat,  tore  the  offend- 
ing mantle  off  the  other  woman's  back,  dragged  it  outside  the 
chapel  door,  and  trampled  it  underfoot  in  the  chapel-yard. 

The  following  Sunday  she  rode  to  Mass  in  a  different 
mantle,  while  a  large  pig,  attired  in  her  own  discarded  scarlet 
roquelaure,  was  solemnly  driven  up  through  the  gaping  con- 
gregation to  the  chapel  door — "through  all  the  flock,"  as  the 
peasants  say. 

The  farmer's  wife  swore  to  be  revenged,  and  her  vow  of 
vengeance  was  that  she  would  set  her  keelers  in  the  proud 
lady's  drawing-room.  She  incited  her  husband  to  go  to 
Dublin,  see  the  head  landlord,  offer  him  a  large  sum  for  the 


Notes  to  Book  II.  139 

reversion  of  the  farm  at  the  expiration  of  the  lease,  and  the 
rent  during  several  years  the  lease  had  yet  to  run. 

The  landlord  outraged  all  customary  methods  of  dealing 
among  gentlemen  by  accepting  these  terms.  His  point  of 
honour  was  not  proof  against  two  rents  for  one  farm.  When 
in  the  course  of  time  the  proud  lady's  husband  rode  to  Dublin, 
with  plenty  of  gold  pieces  in  his  saddle-bags  to  pay  the  fine 
and  renew  the  lease,  he  learned,  to  his  cost,  that  he  had  been 
forestalled.  He  and  his  wife  had  to  surrender  the  place,  and 
go  and  live  in  quite  a  small,  unpretending  residence,  while  the 
drawing-room  was  converted  into  a  dairy,  and  instead  of 
spindle-legged  chairs,  china  bowls,  and  beau-pots,  great 
wooden  keelers,  ranged  on  lengthy  stands,  held  the  milk  of 
the  outraged  dame's  many  fine  cows. 


Note  F. 

Penal  Papers.     1775. 

A  Friendly  Bill  of  Discovery  :    its  Bill  of  Costs. 

Bills  of  discovery  were  the  machinery  by  which  CathoHcs 
could  be  deprived  of  those  estates  which  had  escaped  confisca- 
tion. If  danger  threatened,  a  friendly  Protestant  would  file 
one.  Of  course,  if  he  or  his  heirs  liked,  they  could  hold  the 
lands  for  ever.  Hugh  Falvey,  of  Faha,  brother  to  the  widow 
of  John  O'Connell,  of  Darrynane,  acted  as  Hunting  Cap's 
perpetual  shield  until,  in  extreme  old  age,  he  got  a  scruple  of 
conscience  about  it.  I  am  sorry  to  say  the  faithful  friend 
was  of  necessity  a  renegade  from  the  ancient  faith,  else  he 
could  not  have  done  this  good  service  to  friends  whose  faith 
was  firmer  than  his  own.  Mr.  Attorney  Francks's  bill  of 
costs  is  duly  put  away  among  Hunting  Cap's  papers.  Observe 
that  he  omits  the  name  of  who  paid  him. 

Samuel  Windes    \ 

against  I  Hugh  Falvey,  Esq.,  Dr., 

Maurice  Connell  j  Easter  and  Trinity,  1775. 
aiul  others.       ) 

Taking  instructions  at  Corke  for  a  Bill    ... 

Search  in  Duljlin  for,  but  could  not  find  any  Prior  Bill 

Drawing  Draft  of  Bill  36  Sheets    ... 

Copy  in  Wide  lines  to  be  perused  by  Counsel    ... 

Paid  fee  to  Counsel  for  perusing  ... 

Instructions  and  attendances 

To  engrossing  the  Bill 

Pai'chm cut  and  Stamps 

Signing  and  filing    ... 


£ 

s. 

d. 

0 

6 

8 

0 

6 

8 

0 

18 

0 

0 

6 

0 

1 

9 

3 

0 

13 

4 

0 

18 

0 

0 

5 

0 

0 

4 

0 

140       The  Last  Colonel  of  the  Irish  Brigade. 


Drawing  affidavit  of  Plaintiff's  Religion,  and  Stamp     ... 

Paid  swearing  and  filing     ... 

Sub  poena  in  4  copies 

Drawing  and  engrossing  Declaration  of  Trust    ... 

Stamps  and  Paper    ... 

Paid  Consideration  to  the  Plaintiffs 

Entering  appearances  for  3  of  the  Defendants  ... 

Attatchment  and  Clk.  to  stamp 

Alias  and  pluris  Clk.  and  stamp    ... 

Proclamation  of  Rebellion,  and  stamp  and  Clk. 

Commission  of  Rebellion    ... 

Term  fees  and  sollicitations 

Ingrossing  a  second  Bill  in  the  name  of  Martin  Dell  against 

Maurice  Connell,  Hugh  Falvey,  and  Alexander  Carthy  only 
Parchment  and  stamps 
Signing  and  f yling   ... 
Declaration  of  Trust  and  stamp 
Affidavit  of  Plaintiff's  Religion,  and  stamp 
Swearing  and  f yling 
Subpoena 

Appearance  thereto... 
Postage  of  letters  to  Trinity,  1775 

Michaelmas  Tei-m,  1775 — 
Attatchment  to  the  Sergt. -at- Arms 
Paid  the  Sergt.  for  his  Return 
Brief  for  Counsel  for  Sequestration 
Counsel  on  motion  and  attendance 
Paid  for  the  Order  and  Clke 
Writ  of  sequestration 
Return 

Paid  for  the  Cert,  of  Bill  and  no  answer 
Order  for  hearing  fee  and  Clk.  and  stamp 
Copy  and  service 

Setting  down  the  cause  for  hearing 
Drawing  affidavit  and  service  of  order  for  a  hearing,  stamp 

and  swearing 
Drawing  Brief  for  a  hearing 
One  Copy  5  Sheets  ... 
To  Counsel  therewith 
Attending  Counsel  therewith 
Attending  on  the  hearing  ... 
Paid  Cry er.  Court  Keeper,  and  Tipstaff ... 
Paid  Ushers  ... 

Drawing  Draft  Decree,  24  sheets  at  4  p.  sheet  ... 
To  Counsel  for  perusing  and  signing 
Two  copies    ...         ...         ...         ...         ...         ... 

Stamps 

Signing  Decree  and  attending 

Paid  office  fees  for  f yling  and  engrossing  Decree 

Fee  on  Enrollment  ...         ...         ...      '    ... 

Paid  for  the  Injunction  to  get  the  Possession,  fee  and  Clke 

To  Sheriff  for  giving  Possession    ... 

Drawing  Conveyance  to  the  Discoverer  ... 

Ingrossing  the  same 

Parchment  and  stamp 

Paid  Consideration  to  the  Discoverer 


£  s. 

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£37 

4 

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7 

6 

Notes  to  Book  IT.  141 


Attending  the  Execution  of  Deed  

Memorial  and  Registering 

Postage 

1775— August  30 — 
Received  y'  Rec'  on  account 

Received  the  contents  in  full  of  all  demands  this 
10th  of  September,  1776. 

Tho'  Franks,  Junr. 


Note  G. 

Extracts  from  a  Diary  of  a  Journey  from  Dublin  to  London 
IN  1765,  BY  Maurice  O'Connell,  of  Darrynane,  being 
HIS  Impressions  of  Inns,  Eoyalty,  and  the  British 
Museum. 

I  obtained  the  manuscript  journal  of  a  trip  to  London  in 
Hunting  Cap's  handwriting  from  the  Eev.  Matthew  Eussell, 
S.J.,  who  received  from  the  Liberator's  son  Morgan,  late 
Eegistrar  of  Deeds,  the  bulk  of  the  papers  borrowed  by  his 
sister  Ellen,  Mrs.  Fitz Simon,  of  Glancullen,  for  a  Life  of 
the  Liberator.  Several  older  family  papers  were  in  the 
collection.  I  fancy  a  few  extracts  from  the  journal  may 
amuse  the  reader. 

Hunting  Cap  begins  thus — 

"  Sent  my  horses  to  the  Cross  Keys,  the  28'''  January, 
1765.  My  Serv'  to  Dublin  y"  V^  February,  1765,  att  4^  4'* 
per  week." 

He  and  party  slept  on  board  the  packet,  and  "  lay  at 
Poolbegg  to  Sunday,"  and  were  two  days  and  two  nights 
crossing  to  Holyhead. 

There  is  nothing  of  special  interest  in  the  brief  records 
of  the  journey,  except  that  the  young  mountaineer  seems  to 
have  had  some  eye  for  scenery — a  rare  quality  in  those  days. 
He  says — 

"  Between  Bangor  and  Conway  is  the  Inaccesible  and 
Extraordinary  Mountain  Pen  Man  Mawr,  Projecting  into  y° 
Sea;  on  y*"  edge  of  which  is  y*"  High  Eoad  w'"  is  cover'd 
from  y*"  Edge  of  y^  stupendous  Cliff  by  a  six  foot  Wall,  the 
Country  at  y"  same  time  being  Eomantick  and  Agreable." 

He  notices  the  magnificent  Castle  of  Conway,  considers 
St.  Winifred's  Well  "well  worth  a  traveller's  view."  The 
Irish  gentlemen  seem  to  have  ridden  to  Chester,  for  the 
item  occurs,  "  Discharged  and  paid  our  Holyhead  guides, 
which,  between  Mr.  Dillon  and  me,  came  to  £1  10s.,  including 
3'  we  gave  the  guide  gratuity." 


142       The  Last  Colonel  of  the  Irish  Brigade. 

"Mine  Host's  Discourse  in  Chester. 

"  Our  Landlord  [in  Chester],  one  Church,  an  intelligent 
Man,  was  amazed  at  y^  Conduct  of  y®  Irish  Landlords,  and 
told  a  passage  of  a  Townsman  of  his,  a  Mercer,  who  had 
some  years  before  made  a  purchase  in  y*'  neighbourhood, 
and  made  a  Lease  of  it  for  16  years,  at  y*^  Expiration  of 
w'^''  another  Man  bid  him  £30  more  for  the  Land,  w'^'*  he 
refused  w"^  indignation,  said  y*'  Tenant  paid  Him  Honestly, 
and  should  always  be  continued  at  y*"  old  rent,  and  y'  y^ 
Bidder  must  be  Bad  Man  and  a  Kogue.  This  Landlord 
mentioned  y'^  taxes  he  paid  yearly — his  rent  for  House  and 
Land  was  £150,  Exclusive  of  a  small  Estate  w*^'*  may  be 
worth  £60  yearly,  his  Window  Tax  was  £40  yearly ;  Malt 
Liquor  Liscences,  £27 ;  Duty  on  every  Barrell  of  D°.  32  q"% 
7*  6*^ ;  but  on  y°  whole  his  Tax  yearly,  including  Land  Tax, 
amounted  to  £80  yearly — an  amazing  sum,  and  yet  the  Man 
was  Eich  and  Easy  in  life." 

The  comfort  and  wealth  of  the  great  old  posting  inns 
impress  the  Irish  travellers,  who  are  now  proceeding  in 
post-chaises.  Hunting  Cap  distributes  his  adjectives  as 
judiciously  as  a  guide-book  ;  passes  through  what  he  describes 
as  ''agreeable,"  "fertile,"  "picturesque,"  "barren,"  or 
"  pastoral  scenes,"  and  visits  the  noble  buildings  in  old  cities. 

Eight  miles  from  Castle  Bromwich,  where  they  dined  the 
day  they  left  Birmingham,  they  came  to  an  inn  worth 
recording — the  great  inn  of  Meriton. 

"  We  halted  at  the  Great  Inn,  a  noble  Building,  fit  for  y^ 
Eesidence  of  any  Nobleman  in  England,  w"'  suitable  Offices, 
Cellars,  and  very  elegant  Gardens,  Decorated  w^''  a  pond  and 
Canall,  gravel  walks,  and  all  done  by  y''  ffather  of  y''  present 
Occupier,  who  alsoe  holds  Lands  to  the  amount  of  £450 
yearly.  His  Ale  was  remarkably  Good,  and  a  vast  variety 
of  itt.  I  have  drunk  of  3  kinds,  very  fine  and  palatable. 
Hence  we  travelled  8  Miles  to  Coventry." 

He  next  records  his  first  sight  of  London.  The  party 
slept  at  St.  Albans, 

"21  miles  of  London,  in  Herefordshire.  This  day  we 
Kan  39  Miles,  p*^  6  Turnpikes,  and  passed  .thro'  4  Different 
Shires. 

"  On  Tuesday  morning  y^  12  set  out,  travelled  thro'  a 
pleasant  Country  to  Barnett,  where  we  breakfasted,  and 
within  a  mile  of  w^'*  is  a  House  of  y''  Late  Admiral  Byng's 
— a  very  fine  Seat,  and  Close  by  the  Eoad.  Hence  thro' 
ffinchley  Common  to  High  gate,  on  a  Hill  within  2  Miles  of 


Notes  to  Book  II.  143 

London,  commanding  a  Beautiful  prospect  of  this  Great 
City.  Between  y''  towns  of  Highgate  and  Barnett  the  Country 
is  beautifully  interspersed  with  handsome  Houses.  Not  far 
from  the  Eoad  at  High  Gate  y°  Captain  was  sworn  very 
Regularly,  and  thence  we  got  to  London  at  10  O'Clock,  on 
the  whole  21  Miles,  and  put  up  at  y*^  Axe  in  Aldermanbury." 

"  Impressions  of  the  Royal  Family. 

"■  On  Sunday,  the  17*^,  after  hearing  Mass  at  Moorfields, 
Messrs.  Dillon  and  Cantwell  and  I  w^ent  to  St.  James's  to  se 
the  Pioyall  ffamily.  We  gott  into  the  Antichamber,  thro' 
w*'^  all  the  Company  pass  to  gett  into  the  Drawing  Room, 
and  where  the  Gentleman  Usher  attends,  and  some  of  the 
Guards.  Here  w'e  saw  the  nobilitj^  of  both  sexes  as  they 
went  thro'  most  Magnificently  and  Brilliantly  decked  out, 
and  in  some  time  came  the  Royall  ffamily  in  their  way  from 
Chapell.  Fforemost  was  the  King,  a  Tall,  Ruddy,  fair 
Haired,  sandy  complexioned,  smooth  faced,  but  soft  counte- 
nanced man,  inclined  to  be  fleshy,  Discurcive  and  Harmless, 
good  humoured,  but  [of  a]  weak,  injudicious  Turn.  Next 
after  him  was  the  Queene,  a  Low,  pale  faced,  mean  Looking 
Woman,  large  Mouth,  and  nose  a  little  turned  up,  brown 
Hair,  and  on  the  whole  rather  ordinary,  and  not  the  Least 
Majestick.  After  came  the  Dukes  of  York  and  Gloucester, 
both  in  Complexion  and  Countenance  like  the  King,  York's 
only  a  Little  more  Lively,  but  neither  soe  tall,  and  York's  y® 
lowest  of  the  three.  After  them  y^  princes  Henry  Frederick 
and  Frederick  William ;  the  former  very  like  y*^  rest  of  the 
Brothers,  but  the  Latter  Dark  Complexion  and  hair,  and 
eyes,  and  more  Snug,  sensible  Look  and  Aspect  than  any  of 
the  Brothers.  After  came  the  two  Princesses — y"  elder, 
Louise,  Extremely  Low,  pale,  sickly  Countenanced,  and  puny, 
but  Caroline  Matilda,  the  younger,  very  tall  for  her  age, 
fresh  Complexioned,  and  Comely.  I  should  not  from  seeing 
them  goe  by  y®  day  be  able  to  give  soe  minute  a  description. 
Where  I  had  a  full  oppertunity  of  viewing  them  attentively  was 
on  Wednesday  Night  after,  at  Covent  Garden,  at  the  play  of 
Coriolanus.  The  King  and  Queen  in  one  box.  Decorated 
with  Scarlet  and  Silver,  and  opposite  to  it  y*"  2  youngest 
princes  in  a  box  decorated  w*^"*  Green  and  Gold.  Y*^  Queen's 
Dress  y^  light  Blew  and  Silver,  y®  King's  Brown  Cloath  w^" 
Broad  Gold  Lace,  and  y®  Insignia  of  y*"  Garter,  w*""^  he  always 
wears.  The  Two  Dakes  I  often  saw  in  the  House  of  Lords 
and  Park ;  the  latter  of  which,  Gloucester,  is  soe  much  in 
love  w'**  Lady  Dowager  Waldegrave,  y'  she  has  this  Week 
been  ordered  not  to  appear  at  Court,  from  apprehension  that 


144       The  Last   Colonel  of  the  Irish   Brigade. 

he  would  feign  marry  her.     The  King  Extremely  weak,  and 
unfitt  for  G'  passes. 

"  Soe  much  for  y®  ffamily.     Now  for  remarkable  places." 

Hunting  Cap  makes  just  the  proper  remarks  about 
Westminster  Abbey  ("  a  prodigious,  large,  ancient,  but  noble 
pile"),  St.  Paul's,  the  Tower,  and  their  contents.  "In- 
numerable," he  exclaims,  "  are  the  magnificent  Buildings  of 
y^  very  Great  City.  I  shall,  therefore,  only  Touch  on  some  of 
the  most  remarkable." 

He  begins  his  list  with  the  British  Museum,  then  housed 
in  a  different  edifice  from  the  present  pile.  Says  Hunting 
Cap — 

''The  Old  British  Museum. 

"  First  the  British  Museum  exposed  to  view  in  Montague 
House.  This  was  the  Chief  Mansion  House  of  the  Montague 
ffamily,  built  and  Decorated  at  a  most  Immoderate  expence, 
and  purchased  at  only  .  .  .  000  p'",  the  ffamily  being  extinct, 
for  laying  out  and  Exposing  the  Museum.  You  go  up  a  Grand 
Hall  cover'd  all  over  Wall  and  Ceiling  with  Noble  paintings 
by  the  best  hands,  ascend  a  noble  staircase  w'"  these 
Decorations  still  growing  on  you,  and  among  other  noble 
paintings  you  see  the  Sun  in  two  opposite  Corners  of  the 
Hall,  shining  on  y*"  ceiling,  and  reflecting  all  down  it  soe 
naturally  and  strongly  to  y''  Eye,  as  to  cause  an  Astonishing 
Deception.  Thence  you  lead  into  a  suite  of  rooms  Most 
Magnificent  in  themselves,  where  you  see  an  Innumerable 
fund  of  curiosities  Antient  and  Modern,  Two  Egyptian 
Mummies,  Two  Pillars  of  Agate  and  Amber,  a  vast  Col- 
lection of  Antient  Eoman  Curiosities,  Dresses,  Arms,  Medals, 
Tools,  Sacrificing  Implements,  Coins,  Statues,  Paintiugs  and 
Carvings,  A  noble  and  numerous  Collection  of  Paintings  by 
the  first  Hands  of  Every  Country;  all  Foreign  Fishes  and 
Fowls,  Insects  and  Animalls,  Fossils  and  Minerals  and  Shells; 
with  a  variety  of  the  forementioned  rings,  jewels,  Arms, 
etc.,  etc.,  of  foreign  Countries,  Antient  and  Modern ; 
vast,  Large,  and  Numerous  Librarys  in  all  Languages,  with, 
in  short,  everything  the  whole  World  almost  y'  is  Bare  and 
Curious.  Whole  sets  of  Agate  and  Amber  Tea  things  and 
Spoons,  an  Agate  Draget  Box,  etc.,  etc.,  mostly  collected 
by  the  Late  Sir  Hans  Sloane  at  a  vast  expence,  and  reckoned 
among  the  compleatest  and  best  assorted  Museum  in  Europe, 
and  p'urchased  from  his  Heirs  att  £25,000.  You  have  here 
an  Indian  Scalp  with  the  Hair  on.  You  gett  in  here  by 
Tickett,  and  pay  noe  Money.  The  time  allowed  to  any  one 
company  is  only  3  hours." 


Notes  to  Booh  II.  145 

Note  H. 

Louis  de  France. 

i/ouis  de  J'rance,  Dauphin  de  Viennois,  only  son  of  Louis 
XV.,  born  September  4,  1729,  died  December  20,  1765.  By 
his  second  wife,  Maria  of  Saxony,  he  left  three  sons — Louis, 
Due  de  Berri  (Louis  XVI.),  Louis  Comte  de  Provence  (Louis 
XVIIL),  and  Charles  Comte  d'Artois  (Charles  X.).  The  Count 
has  made  an  extraordinary  mistake  in  describing  the  Due  de 
Berri,  who  succeeded  his  father  as  Dauphin,  as  the  second 
son.— [E.  O'C.J 


VOL.  I. 


146       Tlie  Last  Colonel  of  the  hisJi  Brigade. 


BOOK    III. 

IN   THE  IRISH  BRIGADE. 
1769-1779. 

Daniel  Charles  O'Connell  joins  as  aide-major  to  "  Clai'e's"  (October,  1769) 
— Kerry  Chronicle  on  Dan — Colonel  Meade — Royal  Swedes — First 
letter  from  Dan  on  entering  Brigade — No  promotion  in  Royal  Suedois 
Regiment — Succeeds  Conway  as  aide-major  in  "Clare's" — Regimental 
affairs — Debts — Chevalier  Fagan  helps — Lord  Kenmare's  advice — 
Chevalier  Fagan  to  Hunting  Cap — Dan's  sense  of  honour — Series  of 
letters  to  Maurice  O'Connell  :  from  Dan,  Rochefort  (December, 
1770) — Sailing  for  East  Indies — Caj^tain  aide-major  —  His  father's 
death  —  Letter  from  Chevalier  Fagan  —  From  Dan  (the  Road  of 
Rochefort,  January,  1771) — Farewell  letter — Dan's  first  letter  from 
Mauritius  (July,  1771) — Six  months'  voyage — Hopes  for  war — Pro- 
visions scarce — Hard  times — Chevalier  Fagan  again — Hunting  Cap 
at  home  —  Morgan  O'Connell  of  Carhen's  marriage  —  Catherine 
O'MuUane — Morgan  of  Carhen — Maur-ni-Dhuiv  again — Romantic 
anecdotes — Arthur  O'Leary,  "  the  Outlaw  " — Fair  Mary  Baldwin's 
love-story — Niece  Abby — 1772  :  James  Gould  writes  to  congratulate 
Maurice  on  the  major's  return — Smuggling — Hugh  Falvey,  of  Faha, 
the  friendly  "  discoverer  " — From  Daniel  (Clonakilty,  April,  1773) 
— Tralee — Cork — Finds  a  ship  for  Dunkirk-^-Hopes  to  march  in 
June  for  Poland  or  Italy — Jerry  McCrohan — Ample  sea  stores — 
Dunkirk  (April,  1773)^  After  a  passage  of  four  days  —  Military 
acquaintances — Alliance  with  England — Military  movements — Setting 
out  for  Bethime — Jerry  Falvey — Family  affairs — Bethune  (April,  1773) 
— McCarthy  Mor,  the  real  chief  of  the  family — Charles  McCarthy — 
Margaret  McMahon — Lawsuit  with  Herberts — Lord  Clare — No  war  at 
present — South  Sea  discovery — Late  for  Indian  promotion — Arthur 
O'Leary,  "the  Outlaw,"  shot — Eileen's  grief — Vengeance — Bethune 
(June,  1773) — Poor  Arthur — His  widow  and  orphans — Preparations 
for  war  laid  aside — Military  gossip — Tom  Conway — Bethune  (Sep- 
tember, 1773) — McCarthy  Mor — Irish  Parliament — Certificate  in 
favour  of  a  rebel^Nancy's  marriage — Hunting  Cap's  wife — Leaving 
for  Rocroi — Eugene  McCarthy — Affairs  of  the  nation — Chevalier 
O'Mahony— Count  O'Mahony— Lord  Clare— Rocroi  (February,  1774) 


In  the  Irish  Brigade.  147 

— The  Duke  d'Aiguillon  and  military  affairs — Mighty  changes  expected 
—  Miss  Browne's  marriage — Talk  of  visiting  Ireland  again — Rocroi 
(July,  1774) — Death  of  the  king — Duke  d'Aiguillon — A  well-wisher  to 
Ireland — Military  gossip — Fears  a  dissolution  of  the  Brigade — Hopes 
of  going  to  court — Eugene  McCarthy — Colonel  Meade  —  Lord 
Thomond — ^Rocroi  (August,  1774) — Visit  to  Ireland  in  October — 
Colonel  Meade— Clohina — Death  of  Colonel  Meade — Rocroi  (October, 
1774) — Going  home — Regimental  movements — Death  of  Mrs.  Fitz- 
Maurice — Major  Sullivan — Paris  (October,  1774) — Trip  to  Ireland 
postponed — Military  affi^irs  —  Friendship  of  Doctor  Mahony — ^Ad- 
ministration in  France — Mr.  Crosbie,  of  Ardfeft — Lord  Shelbourne — 
Colonel  James  Conway — Abbe  Connell — Episcopacy  of  Kei'ry — Doctor 
Mahony  and  the  chevalier — Paris  (December,  1774) — Money  matters — 
Mr.  Hickson— Military  constitution— Changes  in  the  Brigade — "  Bulke- 
ley's"  —  "Clare's"  —  "Dillon's"  —  Major  Conway  —  The  Marquis 
of  FitzJames — Gloomy  forebodings — Lord  Kenmare — Marquis  de 
Syvrac — Paris  (January,  1775) — The  critical  situation  of  the  Brigade 
— Courtly  acquaintances — Evil  forecasts — Bishopric  of  Kerry — Abbe 
Connell — The  prince  at  Rome — Obligations  to  Doctor  Mahony — The 
last  of  "Clare's" — Dan  pays  a  visit  to  his  family — He  hopes  to 
serve  his  country — The  Count  de  Maillebois— Sir  John  O'Sullivan 
— Cork  (March,  1776)  —  Clohina — Abby  Gould — Passage  in  the 
Havre  packet — Troops  marching — Cork  the  rendezvous  for  troops 
bound  for  America — Dr.  Connell — Jemmy  Baldwin — Letter  from 
Robin  Conway — Morgan  in  Cork — Mr.  Wise — Havre  (March,  1776) 
— Passage  takes  six  days — Denis  McCrohan — Going  to  Paris — Cam- 
bray  (June,  1776) — Expectation  of  military  changes — Formation  of 
regiments,  etc. — McCarthy  Mor — Walsh's  regiment — Dan  on  other 
people's  small  boys — Introduced  to  the  Ministers — Studies — Calais 
(July,  1776) — Family  affection — Bad  health — Eugene  McCarthy  in 
Count  Walsh  de  Serrant's  regiment — Jeffrey  Maurice  O'Connell's 
boy — Death  of  Daniel  O'Connell,  of  Ballinablown — Intercedes  for 
Arthur  O'Leary'a  widow — Calais  (September,  1776) — Quite  well — 
Regimental  movements — Talks  of  a  trip  to  Paris — Le  Comte  de 
Maillebois  in  command — His  kindness — Young  Falvey — Mick  Falvey 
— Birth  of  Morgan's  second  son — Gravelines  (December,  1776) — 
Military  preparations — Flattering  offers  of  the  American  Congress — 
Major  Conway — A  tour  to  Paris  next  month — Jeffrey  Maurice's  boy 
— Abb^  Moriarty — James  Baldwin — Notice  of  "Berwick's" — Paris 
(January,  1777) — Forms  a  design  of  going  to  America — He  is  refused 
permission  to  go — M;  de  Maillebois  presents  him  to  the  Ministers — 
Faction  and  intrigue — Chevalier  O'Mahony — Rickard  O'Connell — 
Gambling — Tom  FitzMaurice  —  Cousin  Morty  in  Germany — Paris 
(March,  1777) — Roguery  of  Dan's  servant — Presented  at  court  by 
M.  de  Maillebois  —  Difficulties  of  promotion  — -  American  plan — 
American  War — Chevalier  O'Mahony — ^Mr.  Trench — Mrs.  Mahony — 
Mr.  Mahony,  lieut.-colonel  in  the  Spanish  Service — Count  Mahony, 
ambassador  at  Vienna — Burses  founded  by  Dr.  Connell — Certificate 
of  baptism — Arms — Pedigree — Gravelines    (May,    1777)— Where   to 


148       Tlie  Last  Colonel  of  the  Irish  Brigade. 

send  a  boy  (in  reply  to  Hugh  Falvey) — Dijon — Jerry  Falvey — Major 
Conway — Florence — James  Mahony — Captain  Rick  O'Connell — Paris 
(October,  1778) — Pleasing  news  of  laws  in  favour  of  Roman  Catholics 
— Sighing  for  the  liberty  of  spilling  his  blood  in  defence  of  the 
English  king — Friends  and  distinguished  acquaintances — Some  ad- 
vantages offered  in  the  East — Refused — His  sister's  illness — The 
pedigree — Paris  (October,  1778) — Rick  Connell  arrives — Linen  and 
genealogy  required — Rumoured  death  of  Tom  Conway  of  desperate 
wounds — His  recovery — Campaign  in  Bohemia — Military  talents  of 
Lacy — General  Dalton — Army  gossip — Sister  Nancy — Captain  Rickard 
O'Connell  takes  up  the  pen — His  personality — His  flirtations — Captain 
Rickard  on  Dan — Rickard's  relations,  etc. — Plot  to  murder  him — His 
letter  to  Maurice  Leyne — Waits  on  the  Earl  of  Inchiquin— His  friend- 
ship— Religion  a  bar — Daniel  Charles  O'Connell  a  major  in  ' '  Berwick's  " 
— Major  O'Connell's  advice — Hunting  Cap  lends  money  for  Rickard's 
advancement — "Alps  of  difficulties" — Gratitude — His  adored  patron 
(our  hero) — Camp  near  St.  Malo  (September,  1778) — Captain  Rickard 
to  Maurice  Leyne— Joins  the  Brigade — Regimental  duties — Colonel 
O'Connell — Chevalier  O'Mahony — Colonel  Conway — The  drum  beats  ! 
— March,  1779 :  Captain  Rickard  writes  to  Colonel  O'Connell  in  Paris — 
Rickard  to  Maurice  Leyne — Illness — Rickard  sentimental-^Approba- 
tion  of  the  Colonel- — A  letter  from  Colonel  O'Connell  to  Rickard, 
telling  him  of  Count  Walsh  de  Serrant's  favour — Captain  FitzMaurice 
— Ofi'er  of  a  commission  in  "Dillon's" — Going  to  Martinico — Wants 
Colonel  O'Connell's  approval — Colonel  O'Connell  says  No — Rickard's 
commission  in  "Walsh's"  —  Captain  O'Connor  —  August,  1779: 
Captain  Rickard  writes  again  to  Maurice  Leyne — Rickard  a  rebel 
— French  war  news — Cousin  Conway-^Dr.  Sheehy— Pere  Felix 
O'Dempsey. 

In  the  autumn  of  1769  Count  O'Connell  entered  the  famous 
old  Irish  Brigade.  His  letters  depict  much  of  its  inner  life, 
but  are  incomparably  less  graphic  than  those  of  his  cousin 
Eickard  O'Connell,  from  which  I  shall  also  quote.  Owing  to 
his  transfer  to  the  German  Legion,  my  hero  was  not  with  the 
Brigade  on  the  dark  day  when  it  was  disbanded.  A  separate 
chapter,  by  many  degrees  the  most  historically  important  in 
this  book,  describes  his  successful  negotiations  with  the 
British  Government  about  the  creation  of  an  Irish  Brigade 
in  the  service  of  England,  led  by  the  late  officers  of  dead 
Louis  XVI.,  and  with  no  conditions  contrary  to  the  faith 
or  honour  of  Irish  Catholics.  The  account  of  my  hero  in 
the  Kerry  Chronicle  of  March  9,  1785,  gives  a  brief  sum- 
mary of  his  career,  which  is  exactly  borne  out  by  the  old 
letters  except  in  one  particular.     It  states  that  Lord  Clare 


In  the  Irish  Brigade.  149 

appointed  him  his  adjutant,  but  young  Lord  Clare  had  not 
yet  joined,  and  it  was  the  managers  of  the  regiment  who 
received  him  into  the  Irish  ranks.  It  states  also  that  the 
peace  following  the  Seven  Years'  War  had  stopped  all  promo- 
tion except  by  seniority  and  routine,  and  that  of  necessity 
Mr.  O'Connell  remained  a  subaltern  for  seven  or  eight  years. 

Young  Dan  O'Connell  owed  the  superior  training  which 
first  advanced  his  fortunes  to  his  own  steadiness  of  conduct. 
He  was  exceedingly  strong  and  healthy,  tall,  spare,  and 
muscular,  with  great  powers  of  enduring  fatigue  and  hunger, 
and  no  craving  whatsoever  for  drink.  He  frequently  observes 
incidentally,  a  propos  of  privations  and  illnesses,  that  a 
scanty  supply  of  meat  or  drink  is  no  great  trial  to  him.  He 
was  likewise  quite  free  from  any  tendency  to  gambling.  His 
foreign  colonel  pitched  on  this  singularly  constituted  youth 
to  be  guide,  philosopher,  and  friend  to  his  own  young 
brother,  and,  to  keep  them  together,  had  procured  him  an 
order  of  admission  to  the  famous  Military  College  of  Stras- 
bourg, whose  portals  seldom  opened  to  our  countrymen. 
Doubtless  the  abstemiousness  and  the  power  of  sustained 
application  were  partly  due  to  an  honourable  ambition,  but 
they  were  to  a  considerable  extent  natural  idiosyncrasies, 
idleness  and  drink  being  actually  distasteful  to  my  hero. 

Daniel  O'Connell's  sojourn  in  Paris  in  1769  was  attended 
with  the  most  solid  advantages.  As  "  sous-aide-major " 
(assistant-adjutant)  he  reaped  some  honour  from  the  fine  show 
made  by  the  Royal  Swedish  Regiment.  Nothing  could  exceed 
the  friendship  and  good  will  of  his  colonel.  His  cousin 
Conway,  who  was  resigning  the  "  aide-major  "-ship  of  "Clare's  " 
on  being  made  major,  doubtless  used  his  influence  with 
Colonel  Meade,  who  had  the  practical  control  of  the  regiment 
while  its  boy-colonel,  young  Lord  Clare,  was  yet  being  edu- 
cated (this  was  the  young  orphan  son  of  the  veteran  of  Fon- 
tenoy).  If  we  substitute  "  Colonel  Meade  "for  " Lord  Clare," 
the  account  given  in  the  old  Kerry  paper  of  1785  exactly 
tallies  with  the  letters.  It  is  important  to  mark  the  date  on 
which  the  last  colonel  of  the  Irish  Brigade  first  entered  its 
honoured  ranks,  viz.  in  October,  1709.  All  his  modern 
biographers  make  him  enter  in  1757 — twelve  years  before. 


150       Tlie  Last   Colonel  of  the  Irish  BrigO/de, 

The  contemporary  account  is  correct  as  to  dates  and  as  to 
facts,  saving  Lord  Clare's  personal  intervention.  Having 
stated  that  Count  O'Connell  joined  the  Eoyal  Swedes  at  the 
close  of  the  Seven  Years'  War,  the  Kerry  Chronicle  says — 

*'  He  was  promoted  after  a  few  months  to  a  sub-lieu- 
tenancy. It  was  then  near  the  close  of  the  last  continental 
war  [the  Seven  Years'  War],  the  termination  of  which  first 
put  an  end  to  further  advancement  out  of  the  ordinary  routine, 
so  that  Mr.  O'Connell  remained  a  subaltern  for  seven  or  eight 
years.  Unlike  the  generality  of  the  young  ofiicers  of  the 
French  Army,  of  whom  it  is  no  libel  to  say  that  dissipation 
has  not  anywhere  more  fervent  votaries,  he  applied  himself 
wholly  to  the  study  of  his  profession,  both  in  theory  and 
practice.  His  industry  was  not  employed  in  vain,  He 
acquired  such  a  complete  knowledge  of  discipline  that,  con- 
trary to  the  general  practice,  Lord  Clare  [it  should  be  Colonel 
Meade  who  was  commanding  the  regiment]  selected  him  in 
preference  to  all  his  own  officers  for  aid-major  in  his  regiment 
— an  appointment  which,  as  it  gives  the  rank  of  captain  and 
opens  out  a  sure  road  to  higher  promotion,  is  usually  bestowed 
by  the  colonel  on  his  own  relations  or  favourites  in  the  corps. 
In  this  capacity  he  continued  to  serve  both  in  the  Indies  and 
at  home,  till  the  death  of  Lord  Clare  furnished  the  Minister 
with  a  pretext  to  reduce  that  regiment,  or,  what  was  equally 
injurious  to  the  ofiicers,  to  incorporate  it  with  that  of  the 
Duke  of  Berwick." 

The  long  series  of  letters  describes  all  this.  Again  the 
kindest  of  friends.  Chevalier  Fagan,  came  to  the  young  soldier's 
aid.  He  supplied  the  funds  which  bought  the  outfit,  includ- 
ing the  famous  red  uniform  so  conspicuous  at  Fontenoy.  It 
was  not  merely  a  matter  of  a  change  of  coat,  but  of  the 
purchase  of  a  complete  Indian  outfit ;  hence  the  loan  of  sixty 
guineas,  which  weighed  so  heavily  on  my  hero's  mind,  lest 
he  should  die  without  its  being  repaid.  General  Sir  Martin 
Dillon  lent  me  an  old  French  coloured  plate  of  an  officer  of 
"  Clare's "  in  1770,  and  a  more  becoming  or  picturesque 
garb  no  good-looking  youth  need  desire.  The  scarlet  coat  is 
shaped  much  like  the  brown  coats  worn  at  Dublin  Castle  Draw^ 
ing-rooms  a  few  years  ago.     The  facings  are  of  the  O'Brieii 


In  the  Irish  Brigade.  151 

colours — ^green  and  yellow,  yellow  plastron  and  cuffs,  and  the 

coat-tails  turned  back  with  green.     The  breeches  and  gaiters 

are  white,  with  dark  garters  outside  the  gaiter.     The  hat  is 

a    most    picturesque    and    becoming    small    three-cornered 

beaver,  bearing  the  famous  white  cockade,  and  bound  with 

silver.     Silver  epaulettes,  a  gilt  gorget,  with  a  silver  star  and 

falling  lace  ruffles,  add  great  elegance  to  the  dress.     In  the 

print  the  officer  of  "  Clare's  "  is  armed  with  both  sword  and 

musket — the  latter  small,  short,  and  furnished  with  a  short 

bayonet. 

The  young  man  had  to  sail  almost  immediately  for  India. 

The  three  following  letters  of  Chevalier  Fagan's  and  Dan's 

are  in  the  letter-book ;    the  two  next  were  lent  me  by  the 

present  Daniel  O'Connell,  who  found  them  in  old  Maurice 

O'Connell's  escritoire. 

Paris,  the  15  O^'S  1769. 

My  Last  to  you,  my  Dear  Brother,  from  this  Town  acknow- 
ledged the  Receipt  of  your  Bill  on  Mr,  Woulfe,  which  has  been 
duly  acquitted,  and  do  apprehend  it  will  appear  extraordinary 
to  you  to  have  me  Apply  to  you  so  Soon  for  money,  after 
receiving  my  usual  remittance;  but  shall  in  a  few  words 
explain  things  so  as  to  justify  the  necessity  I  am  under  to 
induse  y*^  at  the  same  time  to  speak  your  mind  freely  with 
respect  to  futurity.  Among  many  reasons  that  made  me 
desirous  of  spending  some  time  at  Paris,  the  most  important 
was  that  of  my  Advancement  to  become  Aid-Major  in  some 
regiment.  I  drew  near  Court  for  to  look  out  in  the  method 
of  succeeding,  and  seeing  no  appearance  of  a  vacancy  in  Pioyal 
Suedois  Regiment,  I  bethought  me  it  would  be  prudent  to 
Accept  the  offer  made  me  by  M.  Meade,  Colonel  of  Clare's 
Regiment,  of  the  Aid-Majority,  vacant  by  the  advancement  of 
Conway,  our  Cousin,  to  the  Majority.  This  proposal  has 
been  so  much  the  more  agreable  to  me,  as  I  may  rely  on 
M.  Meade's  friendship  and  the  pleasure  of  having  so  close 
a  connection  with  Conway,  for  whom  I  have  a  real  friendship 
and  regard.  Nothing  could  be  more  obliging  than  the  extream 
desire  Colonel  Meade  shows  of  having  me  in  his  Regt.,  and 
as  there  has  been  no  example  of  an  Aid-Major's  having  been 
drawn  from  out  of  a  foreign  corps  such  as  the  German  and 
Irish,  not  even  out  of  one  Regt.  into  an  other,  he  had  a  good 
deal  of  trouble  to  succeed,  tho'  one  of  the  officers  of  y*^  nation 
the  best  befriended.  You  can  Easily  conceive  that  three 
months  of  indispensable  stay  in  Paris,  besides  a  total  change 
of  Regimentals  and  Equipage,  lays  me  under  a  great  deal  of 


152       Tlie  Last  Colonel  of  the  Irish  Brigade. 

expence.  Every  stitch  of  my  former  Equipage  is  useless.  Add 
to  this  the  debts  I  had  been  obhged  to  contract  for  the  Camp  ; 
but  I  already  mentioned  to  you  such  have  been  the  unavoid- 
able circumstances  that  threw  me  into  distress  of  money,  for 
which  I  have  and  had  recourse  to  my  friends,  y^  warmest  of 
whom  is  Fagan.  Had  he  not  given  me  a  lodging,  I  should 
have  come  to  the  ground.  In  regard  to  futurity,  my  Dear 
Brother,  the  point  is  this — My  application  to  my  trade  and 
the  facility  God  has  been  pleased  to  give  me,  put  me  in  the 
way  of  pushing  in  the  service.  Now  I  am  on  the  high  road, 
so  consult  yourself  and  see  if  Ambition  and  the  love  of  your 
family  will  engage  you  to  forward  me  in  my  pursuits.  I 
never  shall  be  extravagant  nor  lay  out  a  penny  but  for  my 
advancement,  less  upon  my  honour  for  my  own  sake  than 
for  that  of  my  friends  and  family.  Now,  it's  necessary  I 
should  form  a  plan,  and  must  found  it  on  what  I  can  expect 
from  you.  I  had  a  strong  desire  of  stepping  over,  but  on  my 
Lord  Kenmare's  advice  laid  aside  that  notion  because  of  the 
troubles  among  y^.  Besides,  I  am  persuaded  by  Cousin  Bobin 
Conway  y*^  have  no  eager  desire  of  seeing  me,  so  I  defer. 
Till  then  I  heartily  wish  my  Dear  Brother  may  conceive  things 
in  the  light  I  do.  If  not  shall  always  comply  with  his  will, 
and  shall  ever  be  y'  fond  and  respectful  Brother, 

Danl.  O'Connell. 
My  fond  duty  to  my  father  and  mother,  and  love  to  brother 
Morgan,  Sister  Council,  and  all  relations.  My  kind  comp'^^ 
to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Fagan.  Let  me  entreat  you'll  give  Stephen 
Fagan,  of  Cork,  the  preference  of  your  Butter.  I  owe  many 
obligations  to  his  worthy  brother.  My  address :  A  mons, 
O'C,  Aide-Major  du  Regiment  de  Clare,  Irlandois,  chez  Mons, 
Fagan,  rue  de  Eichelieu,  vis-a-vis  la  fontaine,  a  Paris. 

We  have  no  letters  for  several  months,  but  just  as  my 
hero  is  sailing  for  India  he  writes,  and  a  month  before,  his 
truest  and  best  of  friends,  Chevalier  Fagan,  writes  too.  The 
young  kinsman,  who  was  like  a  son  to  him,  has  left,  and  the 
veteran  writes  from  the  now  lonely  lodgings,  where  his  beloved 
"  Dan,  the  best  behaved  and  most  brilliant  "  of  Irish  lads,  had 
sojourned  for  months  with  him.  But  for  that  timely  shelter, 
my  hero  emphatically  declares  he  could  never  have  pushed 
his  fortunes  in  Paris.  Maurice  was  deaf  to  the  young 
brother's  entreaties  for  an  Indian  outfit,  and  the  kind  old 
captain  advances  the  money,  risking  it  willingly,  yet  at  the 
same  time  pretty  sure  he  won't  be  let  lose  it.     I  have  seldom 


In  the  Irish  Biigade.  153 

read  more  touching  letters  than  the  old  captain's  and  the 
young  adjutant's  (so  I  suppose  we  are  to  construe  "  Ayde- 
Major  "). 

Chevalier  Fagan  to  Hunting  Cap. 

Paris,  9""  y"  30'\  1770.    " 

Sir, — I  lent  1200  Livres  to  a  young  gentleman  of  your 
acquaintance,  which,  from  the  opinion  I  have  of  his  Parents, 
I  expected  would  have  been  remitted  to  me  before  now,  and 
as  my  circumstances  are  not  equal  to  the  pleasure  I  have 
always  had  in  obliging  a  friend,  I  am  sure  you'll  prevail  on 
them  to  acquitt  themselves  of  a  debt  of  honour  if  you  think 
it  such.  If  otherwise  (which  I  can  hardly  suppose)  1  beg  you 
may  convince  them  I  shall  think  mj^self  sufficiently  repaid 
by  the  service  my  money  has  been  to  the  best  behaved  and 
most  brilliant  young  man  I  have  ever  met  with. 

As  I  presume  they  may  depend  on  my  veracity,  I  give 
them  my  word  of  honour  he  knows  nothing  of  this  letter,  and 
that  I  chiefly  write  it  because  1  am  informed  his  not  being 
able  to  pay  me  i)reys  on  him,  notwithstanding  all  I  have  done 
to  make  him  easy  thereabout.  As  I  intend  leaving  this 
about  the  middle  of  next  January,  if  you  favour  me  with 
an  answer,  I  beg  it  may  be  speedily,  if  possible,  and  desire 
you  may  think  me  happy  in  ever  in  power  to  be  of  the  least 
use  to  you  in  this  country,  who  am,  Sir, 

Your  most  obedient  servant, 

C.  Fagan. 
Address  :  a  Monsieur,  Monsieur  Fagan,  aucien  officier  de 
Dragons,  vis-a-vis  la  fontaine,  Eue  de  Kichelieu,  a  Paris. 

Rochefort,  8""  i  20,  1770, 
My  Dear  Brother, — I  have  at  length  reed,  a  letter  of 
yours  dated  Novembre  22d,  by  which  you  tell  me  that  you 
have  answered  very  punctually  my  several  letters.  This 
appears  to  me  very  extraordinary.  I  see  no  moral  possibility 
of  their  miscarrying  all.  I  reed,  no  bill  nor  note  of  any  kind 
these  13  months,  so  believe  you'ld  do  well  to  write  to  your 
Correspondent  on  whom  you  drew  to  know  if  said  bill  has 
been  presented  to  him  for  payment,  and  if  not  to  stop  it.  I 
entreat,  my  Dear  Brother,  you'll  acquit  my  debt  to  Captain 
Fagan,  to  whom  I  owe  60*^^  I  very  probably  pay  you  an  age 
after,  perhaps  never.  Let  me  request  you'll  do  honour  to 
this. 

When  you  receive  my  letter  I  shall  be  no  more  in  Europe. 
My  regiment  is  just  ready  to  embark  for  the  East  Indies.     If 
^  It  must  be  December. 


154      The  Last  Colonel  of  the  Irish  Brigade, 

I  come  back  from  that  country,  you  may  depend  my  first 
desire  shall  be  to  see  my  family.  I  part  Captain  Aid-Major. 
Adieu,  my  Dear  Brother.  I  have  been  a  long  time  since 
informed  of  m}'-  poor  father's  death.  Comfort  my  D""  Mother, 
and  tell  her  I  hoj^e  to  see  her  well  on  my  return  to  Europe. 
I  Embrace  my  J)^  Morgan  and  Sisters.  Adieu  once  more,  and 
Believe  me  Eternally,  your  fond  Brother, 

Danl.  O'Connell. 
Send  a  bill  to  Captain  Fagan,  payable  to  his  order.     All 
friends  here  are  well.     This  letter  Captain  Fagan  will  enclose 
to  you  in  one  of  his  own. 

The  kind  old  father  had  died,  and  in  his  will  had  left  £20 
to  his  young  son.  This  sum  he  does  not  seem  to  have 
received  at  the  period  of  writing. 

The  probable  rescinding  of  the  sailing  orders  to  "  Clare's," 
which  the  Chevalier  Fagan  anticipated,  did  not  occur ;  so  in 
the  very  first  days  of  1771  he  sends  Captain  Daniel's  farewell 
letter  to  his  people,  with  a  brief  and  dignified  note.  Dan 
evidently  sent  on  the  letter  to  his  friend,  and  then  wrote  a 
second  letter  direct  home  as  the  ship  was  about  sailing,  on 
January  15, 

Paris,  Jan"  y"  9'%  1771. 

Sir, — As  I  expected  from  the  change  made  in  our  ministry 
that  your  Brother's  Begt.  might  have  had  counter  orders,  I 
postponed  sending  you  the  enclosed  before  now.  He  is 
actually  at  sea,  and  it  is  not  yet  known  whereunto  bound. 
I  flattered  myself  you'd  have  favoured  me  with  an  answer  to 
my  last  before  now,  and  rather  suppose  a  miscarriage  than 
that  you  decline  a  civility  I  am  entitled  to, 

Who  am.  Sir, 
Your  most  humble  and  obedient  Servant, 

C.  Fagan. 

From  the  Road  of  Rocliefort,  January  the  15"",  1771. 

My  Dear  Brother, — I  am  this  day  come  aboard  with 
all  my  regiment,  and  await  only  the  first  favourable  wind  for 
to  sail.  Our  destination  is  supposed  to  be  the  East  Indies. 
The  calls  I  am  under  on  this  occasion  have  obliged  me  to 
have  recourse  to  the  purse  of  my  friends,  the  more  so  as  I 
have  not  received  a  penny  from  you  near  two  years  past.  I 
have  drawn  upon  you  for  two  bills,  one  of  thirty-five  and  the 
other  of  twenty-five  guineas,  for  to  clear  myself  entirely  before 
my  departure  on  an  Expedition  which  will  probably  become 


In  the  Ii'ish  Brigade.  155 

perilous.  I  hope  and  Entreat  you'll  do  honour  to  my  Draft. 
It  shall  be  in  all  appearance  the  Last.  Adieu,  D""  Dear 
Brother.  I  received  the  letter  y^  sent  me  by  the  way  of 
Bordeaux,  mentioning  my  D*"  father's  Death.  May  the 
Almighty  be  merciful  to  his  Soul !  Comfort  my  poor  Mother. 
Beckon  little  on  me,  as  my  fate  is  hazardous.  If  I  live  and 
Come  back,  I  shall  be  happy  to  see  you  all  again.  If  not, 
Look  upon  me  as  a  tender  and  loved  fond  child  and  Brother. 

Danl.  Connell. 
I   embrace    B"^  Morgan,    Sisters    O'C.      Console   my   D"" 
Mother.     If  possible  to  let  you  hear  from  me,  I  shall.     I  am 
Captain  Ayde-Major,  and  hope  I  shall  soon  be  better.     If  war 
is  declared  at  least  hope  to  deserve  more. 

Daniel  Charles  O' Connell  to  his  brother  Maurice,  from  the 
Mauritius. 

At  the  Island  of  France,  the  25  July,  1771. 

My  Dr.  Brother, — I  arriv'd  here  the  10'"  Instant,  after 
Bix  months'  voyage.  I  wrote  to  you  from  Gorea  and  from 
the  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  where  we  put  in.  I  can't  well  tell 
you  my  further  destination,  whether  to  remain  here  or  go  to 
Pondicherry,  whether  war  or  peace,  having  left  France  when 
everything  was  in  a  hubbub,  I  am,  thank  God,  perfectly 
well  in  health,  tho'  a  little  weary  of  the  turbulent  life  I  lead 
these  18  months,  but  a  happy  and  glorious  Campaign  would 
console  me  of  All  my  trouble  and  hardships.  It's  with  the 
utmost  trouble  that  we  support  life  here.  We  are  a  numerous 
corps  of  troops,  and  provisions  very  scarce.  No  money  at  all. 
War  alone  can  make  our  lot  better ;  worse  it  can't  be.  I  am 
glad  my  D""  Brother  can  form  no  idea  of  this  misery.  I  am 
nowise  Struck  Down.  Adversity  has  a  term  as  well  as  pros- 
perity. Our  Soldiers  are  good  and  willing,  tho'  poor  ;  the 
greater  the  misery,  the  more  intrepid  when  question  of  plunder. 
I  shall  lay  hold  of  every  oppertunity  of  writing  to  you.  I 
apprehend,  however,  I  shall  meet  with  few.  My  fond  Duty 
to  my  D""  Mother.  I  hope  she  is  healthy.  May  God  preserve 
her,  and  give  me  the  pleasure  of  seeing  her  one  day  !  Love 
to  D''  Brother  Morgan,  Sisters,  etc. 

Adieu,  my  D""  Brother.  I  request  you  will  Let  me  hear 
from  you  if  possible.  I  hope  to  see  you  in  some  years. 
Adieu.     I  shall  ever  remain  y"^  fond  and  tender  Brother, 

Danl.  O'Connell. 

Cousin  Conway  desires  his  best  comp'^  to  you  and  family, 

I  hope  you  have  paid  my  debts.  It's  the  only  pecuniary 
request  1  purpose  ever  making  you. 


156       TJie  Last  Colonel  of  the  Irish  Brigade. 

Chevalier  Fagan  writes  under  this — 

Sir, — I  have  forwarded  this  letter  on  receipt,  convinced 
it  must  be  pleasing  to  you  to  hear  from  so  worthy  a  Brother. 
I  most  probably  will  be  in  Kerry  next  Spring.  Shall  be 
proud  of  the  pleasure  of  meeting  you  there,  and  expect  that, 
when  personally  known  to  you,  you'll  thank  me  about 
reminding  you  of  an  obligation,  tho'  I  hate  to  refer  to  any, 
I  have  ever  conferred,  even  the  pecuniary  ones,  if  not  directed 
to  do  so,  as  necessitated  by  circumstances. 

Your  Humble  and  Obedient  Servant, 

C.  Fagan. 

When  opportunity  offers,  I  beg  you  may  Let  my  Father 
know  that  I  intend  parting  hence  for  London  on  the  beginning 
of  next  month. 

Paris,  Jan.  y*  5. 

I  do  not  see  any  letter  of  Captain  Daniel  O'Connell's 
acknowledging  the  trifling  legacy  of  £20  left  him  in  his 
father's  will,  but  I  have  no  reason  to  suppose  it  was  withheld. 

The  next  letter  of  the  young  captain's  to  be  found  after 
the  one  announcing  his  arrival  in  the  Mauritius  is  written 
as  he  was  about  sailing  from  Ireland  in  the  April  of  1773. 
From  a  later  letter  he  seems  to  have  served  in  the  East 
Indies  also  during  the  interval  of  a  year  and  three  quarters 
which  remains  unchronicled  in  the  letters.  All  officers  in 
the  French  Service  could  easily  get  leave  in  winter,  so  that 
we  may  suppose  five  or  six  of  the  eighteen  months  to  have 
be^n  passed  at  home,  then  the  voyage  from  the  East  Indies 
took  six  months.  The  present  Daniel  O'Connell  thinks  his 
distinguished  namesake,  who  was  too  used  to  the  sea  to  feel 
either  fear  or  illness,  got  conveyed  on  some  semi-scientific 
sailing  trip  round  the  world.  Shortly  after  he  got  back  to 
France,  in  1773,  he  wrote  to  his  brother — 

"  The  officer  of  the  Navy  with  whom  I  made  the  South 
Sea  Discovery,  is  gone  out  a  second  time  to  that  part  of  the 
world  with  three  ships,  the  one  of  which  is  a  64.  He  wrote 
to  me  to  propose  me  that  Journey.  He  was  gone  before  I 
arrived  here,  where  I  found  his  letter." 

What  did  they  discover  ?  Was  it  treasure,  territory,  some 
strange  bird  or  beast,  some  tidal  or  atmospheric  phenome- 
non ?    Whatever  it  was,  Dan  had  described  it  to  Maurice  by 


In  the  Irish  Brigade.  157 

word  of  mouth,  and  unless  some  further  hoard  of  letters  be 
discovered,  we  shall  never  know. 

De  Bougainville  discovered  two  archipelagos  in  the  South 
Seas,  which  he  named  Les  Navigateurs  and  La  Louisiade. 
He  returned  via,  the  Mauritius,  in  1769.  Our  hero  conse- 
quently did  not  accompany  him,  but  he  most  probably 
obtained  Colonel  Meade's  leave  to  go  on  some  subsequent 
cruise.  He  would  have  had  time  for  this  between  the  dates 
of  this  letter  and  the  next,  which  chronicles  his  departure 
after  leave.  Six  months  seems  to  have  been  the  longest 
leave.  Dr.  Sigerson  gives  me  the  following  information 
about  "Gorea,"  extracted  from  an  old  French  school-book: — 
"  Goree  was  a  French  colony  on  the  Island  of  Goree,  which 
lies  south-west  of  the  French  colony  on  the  Isle  of  St.  Louis, 
at  the  mouth  of  the  Senegal,  on  the  West  Coast  of  Africa." 
"  This,"  he  remarks,  "  was  on  the  way  to  or  from  the  Cape 
of  Good  Hope.  The  expedition  in  which  O'Connell  took  part 
probably  helped  to  found  or  augment  French  colonies." 

There  is  a  wonderful  difference  in  the  tone  of  the  letters 
henceforth.  The  boyish  habit  of  deference  and  dependence 
vanishes,  to  be  replaced  by  the  most  affectionate  famiharity. 
Maurice  also  is  ready  with  generous  aid,  more  than  once 
pressed  on  the  full-grown  man  in  a  manner  very  different  to  the 
small  supplies  grudgingly  doled  out  to  the  high-spirited  boy, 
who  underwent  a  perfect  purgatory  between  pinching  and  scrap- 
ing to  pay  for  the  masters  and  fine  clothes  that  were  necessary 
for  the  pushing  of  his  fortunes,  and  forcing  his  pride  to  sue 
for  the  small  doles  so  grudgingly  administered  from  home. 
At  the  same  time,  the  later  letters  are  so  full  of  the  wildness 
and  extravagance  of  the  young  Irish  lads,  especially  the  hand- 
some ones,  that  one  can  hardly  blame  Maurice  for  suspecting 
the  boy  to  have  spent  on  personal  luxuries  what  he  really 
spent  on  education  and  appearance.  Any  sort  of  show  was 
eminently  distasteful  to  Maurice  O'Connell,  or  Hunting  Cap, 
as  he  was  always  called.  He  refused  to  pay  the  tax  imposed 
on  the  beaver  hat,  which  was  always  worn  in  dress  by  the  old- 
fashioned  gentry.  He  adopted  instead  a  hunting-cap,  whence 
his  nickname,  "Hunting  Cap"  ("Murrish-a-Cauppeen  "),  is 
the  hero  of  many  an  anecdote. 


158       'llie  Last  Colonel  of  the  Irish  Brigade. 

When  Captain  Daniel,  of  the  Irish  Brigade,  came  home 
after  an  absence  of  eleven  years,  he  found  many  changes. 
Kindly  Donal  Mor  had  gone  to  his  long  rest,  and  was  buried 
in  the  ruined  church  of  the  Abbey  Island,  where  he,  Maur-ni- 
Dhuiv,  and  Maurice  sleep  in  the  one  large  tomb.  The  lady-like 
nonentity,  Maurice's  *'  Molly,"  was  nominal  lady  of  the  house, 
and  of  her  kindness  Dan  always  retained  a  warm  recollection. 
His  brother  Morgan  had  also  married.  His  "  Kitty,"  Miss 
Catherine  O'MuUane,  of  Whitechurch,  County  Cork,  was  a 
charming,  bright  little  woman,  clever,  capable,  and  lady-like. 
She  was  not  a  bit  pretty,  and  the  sin  is  laid  to  her  charge 
that  she  introduced  cock-noses,  bad  teeth,  bad  hair,  and 
common  sense  into  the  family,  though,  indeed,  of  the  latter 
her  mother-in-law  had  introduced  more  than  enough.  She 
was  the  mother  of  ten  fine  children,  and,  when  left  a  com- 
paratively young  widow,  brought  them  up  admirably.  Sir 
James,  her  youngest  son,  was  supposed  to  most  resemble  the 
older  generation.  The  Liberator  and  most  of  the  others  were 
of  quite  a  different  type.  The  pictures  of  Hunting  Cap  and 
Count  O'Connell  show  long,  oval  faces  and  long,  straight 
features.  The  three  brothers  of  that  generation  were  so  far 
like  their  three  nephews  in  being  tall,  powerful,  blue-eyedy 
dark-haired  men.  I  knew  old  Sir  James  well.  He  used  to 
speak  of  his  mother  with  devoted  affection  and  respect,  as 
wise,  witty,  and  kindly,  and  one  whose  children  rose  up  and 
called  her  blessed. 

Daniel  O'Connell,  of  Darrynane,  has  supplied  the  follow- 
ing notice  of  her  husband,  whose  grandson  and  namesake  I 
married.  My  husband  was  a  very  handsome,  jolly,  tall,  stout, 
fresh-looking  man,  and  the  old  folk  of  the  family  always  said 
that  Morgan  John  reminded  them  of  Morgan  of  Carhen. 

Mr.  V.  J.  Coppinger,  B.L.,  of  Pembroke  Eoad,  discovered 
the  Protestant  marriage  licence  of  Morgan  and  Catherine 
O'Mullane  in  the  Record  Office,  Dublin.  All  Catholics  who 
expected  to  inherit  landed  property  took  out  these  Protestant 
licences,  but  were  married  by  their  own  priests.  On  April 
16,  1771,  the  Protestant  Bishop  of  Cork  grants  his  licence 
to  Morgan  O'Connell,  of  Darrynane,  esquire,  and  Catherine 
O'Mullane,  of  the  parish  of  Holy  Trinity,  Cork,   spinster  ; 


In  the  Irish  Brigade.  159 

surety,  John  O'Mullane.  Her  sister  Ellen  got  a  similar 
licence  to  marry  Francis  Eyan,  merchant,  Cork  (surety, 
Morgan  Connell,  Darrynane),  in  December  of  the  same  year. 

They  had  another  sister,  Mrs.  Nagle,  said  to  have  been 
a  very  charming  woman,  who  lived  until  1830. 

Kate  O'Mullane's  brother  and  nephew  were  both  very 
extravagant,  and  the  Liberator  purchased  from  the  latter 
a  fragment  of  property  called  Brittas,  near  Mallow,  worth 
about  £300  a  year.  Count  O'Connell  presented  him  with 
the  purchase  money.  He  settled  it  on  his  second  son, 
Morgan. 

I  shall  now  insert  his  representative's  account  of  Morgan 
of  Carhen.  The  O'Mullanes  being  extinct,  and  the  old  house 
of  Carhen  being  dismantled,  I  have  failed  to  find  any  account 
of  the  O'Mullanes.  The  papers  at  Darrynane  all  refer  to  its 
own  inhabitants  of  different  generations. 

[Mrs.  M.  J.  O'Connell  has  given  a  full  account  of  the 
Count  O'Connell's  elder  brothers,  John  and  Maurice  ("Hunting 
Cap  "),  but  has  left  it  to  me  to  furnish  a  few  notes  on  the 
third,  Morgan,  my  great-grandfather. 

The  most  remarkable  fact  about  him  is  that  he  was  the 
father  of  "the  Liberator,"  but  for  which  circumstance  his 
career  would  be  quite  devoid  of  interest. 

He  was  left  some  small  means  by  his  father,  and,  marry- 
ing a  lady  of  an  old  family.  Miss  Catherine  O'Mullane,  of 
Whitechurch,  County  Cork,  settled  at  Carhen,  about  a  mile 
from  the  present  market  town  of  Cahirsiveen ;  the  ruins  of  the 
house  he  built  there  still  remain,  and  are  pointed  out  to 
strangers  as  the  birthplace  of  his  famous  son. 

Besides  the  Liberator,  his  wife  bore  him  three  other  sons 
and  six  daughters.  Their  rich  and  childless  uncle  at  Darry- 
nane looked  on  the  boys  almost  as  his  own  children,  and, 
besides  paying  for  their  education,  left  all  his  means  to  the 
three  survivors  of  them — one,  the  second  son,  having  died 
young,  an  officer  in  Walsh's  regiment  of  the  (English)  Irish 
Brigade. 

Morgan  O'Connell,  like  his  brother.  Hunting  Cap,  was  a 
keen,  shrewd  man  of  business,  and  took  an  active  part  in  the 
smuggling-trade ;  he  also  kept  a  kind  of  general  store  where 


160       The  Last  Colonel  of  the  Irish  Brigade. 

Cahirsiveen  now  stands,  in  which  he  seems  to  have  dealt  in 
pretty  nearly  everything,  "  from  a  needle  to  an  anchor." 
This  was  not,  in  the  middle  of  the  last  century,  looked  on  as 
derogatory  to  a  gentleman  in  the  way  it  would  now  be.  My 
readers  will  recall  Pope's  lines,  in  the  "  Essay  on  Man  " — • 

' '  Boastful  and  rough,  your  first  son  is  a  squire  ; 
The  next  a  tradesman,  meek,  and  much  a  liar." 

Besides  his  trading  and  farming,  which  he  carried  on  exten- 
sively, my  ancestor  established  salt-pans  at  Carhen,  which  is 
close  to  an  inlet  of  Valentia  harbour.  When  the  chief  pro- 
ducts of  the  country  were  salted  butter  and  provisions,  this 
was  not  only  a  means  of  profit  to  himself,  but  a  benefit  to  his 
neighbours. 

He  gradually  acquired  a  considerable  landed  estate,  part 
held  under  Trinity  College,  Dublin,  and  part  under  Lord 
Lansdowne,  until  1806,  when  he  purchased  the  fee  of  the 
latter.  The  lease  of  the  college  lands  expired  in  1865,^  the 
lease  also  containing  a  covenant  for  perpetual  renewal  on  the 
expiration  of  each  life,  by  the  insertion  of  a  new  one  and 
payment  of  a  fine.  Donal  Mahony  took  this  lease  as  trustee 
for  a  number  of  his  neighbours,  to  each  of  whom  he  subse- 
quently made  a  sub-lease  for  his  own  term  with  toties-quoties 
covenants.  These  came  to  be  known  as  "  Shelbourne  leases." 
In  1803-6  the  fee  of  the  lands  was  sold  by  the  Lansdownes 
to  the  various  tenants,  who  held  them  under  the  renewed 
leases.  Many  parts  of  the  lands  had  been  sub-let  on  toties- 
quoties  leases,  nearly  all  of  which  have  been  converted  into 
fee-farm  grants,  under  the  Eenewable  Leaseholds  Conversion 
Act.  He  also  held  other  lands  by  terminable  leases  from 
sundry  landlords. 

Personally,  Morgan  O'Connell  seems  to  have  been  a  big, 
jolly  man,  popular  with  his  neighbours,  an  inveterate  snuff- 

^  The  college  lands  were  held  by  lease  for  twenty-one  years,  renewable 
by  custom  every  seven  years,  on  payment  of  certain  fines  ;  owing  to 
these  not  being  paid  when  due  just  after  the  great  famine,  the  lease 
expired  as  stated.  The  Lansdowne  property  was  held  by  what  are  known 
in  Kerry  as  "Shelbourne  leases."  An  enormous  tract  of  country  was 
leased  about  the  year  1700  by  Lord  Shelbourne  to  Donal  Mahony,  of 
Dunloe,  for  ninety-six  years,  provided  three  lives  named  in  the  lease 
should  so  long  last. 


In  the  Irish  Brigade.  161 

taker,  and  a  remarkably  good  hand  at  a  game  of  back- 
gammon, of  his  prowess  in  which  more  than  one  legend  still 
exists. 

He  died  in  1807,  long  before  which  date  he  had  given  up 
his  shop  and  smuggling  business,  and  become  a  simple  country 
gentleman. — D.  O'C] 

Morgan  and  Catherine  proceeded  to  Darrynane  soon  after 
their  marriage,  and  I  fancy  a  daughter  or  two  were  born  there. 
The  childless  wife  got  jealous  of  the  "  fruitful  mother  of 
children,"  so  they  settled  at  what  is  now  the  ivied  and  ruined 
house  of  Carhen,  near  Cahirsiveen,  where  their  famous  son 
was  born.  Maur-ni-Dhuiv,  if  no  longer  nominally  the  mistress 
of  Darrynane,  still  ruled  in  all  essentials.  Her  husband  had 
besought  her  and  Maurice  to  remain  together,  and  they  carried 
out  his  behest.  The  bright-coloured  silks  opening  over  a 
satin  petticoat,  and  fine  lace  caps  and  ruffles  for  dress,  and 
the  dimity  and  calamanco — the  former  like  white  twill  bed- 
curtains,  the  latter  like  furniture  chintz — that  she  used  to 
wear  in  the  mornings,  were  put  aside,  and  for  the  rest  of  her 
long  life  the  old  lady  is  described  as  dressed  in  black  silk, 
with  white  coif  and  kerchief,  and  plain  cambric  ruffles, 
without  a  particle  of  lace  or  coloured  stuff.  She  is  still  spoken 
of  as  thus  differently  attired,  and  her  appearance  is  tradition- 
ally remembered.  The  old  smuggling-bills  year  after  year  set 
forth  for  her  use  a  piece  of  rich  black  silk,  and  the  French 
cambric  for  frills,  coif,  and  kerchief,  black  silk  stockings,  and 
fine  French  shoes.  The  quaint  old  massive  silver,  the  rare 
and  beautiful  Oriental  china,  the  rococo  mirrors  she  had 
smuggled  in  the  "  fifties,"  and  the  handsome  massive  furni- 
ture she  and  Maurice  had  caused  to  be  built  in  Ireland,  were 
as  Dan  had  left  them,  and  as  they  are  to-day,  not  a  split  in 
the  dark  mahogany  or  a  crack  in  its  joinings,  the  beautiful 
brass  scutcheons  round  the  key-holes  intact.  Intact  was  the 
huge  china  punch-bowl  used  for  christenings,  too,  likewise  the 
perforated  blue-and-white  fruit-baskets,  which,  with  the  long- 
handled  silver  spoon  that  is  about  to  stir  the  jam  of  a  sixth 
generation,  seem  exempt  from  the  mutabilities  of  time  and 
fate. 

His  father's  empty  chair,  his  mother's  black  gown,  and 

VOL.  I.  M 


162       The  Last  Colonel  of  the  Irish  Brigade. 

the  occasional  genial  presence  of  sister  Kitty,  were  the  chief 
changes,  save,  of  course,  the  absence  of  some  sisters,  and  all 
gentle  maids  had  to  marry  young  in  those  days. 

When  Dan  came  back  at  last,  Nancy  was  the  only  sister 
at  home,  and  she  married  soon  after  he  left.  During  this 
visit,  my  hero  met  for  the  first  time  two  of  his  brothers-in- 
law.  In  spite  of  the  feud  between  Hunting  Cap  and  Arthur 
O'Leary,  he  made  the  acquaintance  of  that  handsome  and 
charming  outlaw,  whom  he  found  very  agreeable,  but  whose 
imperious  rashness  filled  the  prudent  soldier  with  apprehen- 
sion for  his  fate — apprehensions  very  soon  fulfilled.  On  this 
occasion  he  saw  a  good  deal  of  his  sister  Mary  and  **  Brother 
Baldwin,"  ^  as  he  in  future  always  styles  that  excellent,  up- 
right, and  highly  cultivated  gentleman,  evidently  his  favourite 
brother-in-law.  Mary  was  married  very  soon  after  Dan 
went  to  France.  She  was  the  flower  of  the  flock,  blue-eyed 
and  golden-haired.  She  had  had  a  little  romance  of  her  own, 
sternly  repressed  by  her  redoubtable  mother.  The  small 
trading-ships,  which  alone  visited  the  wild  south-west  coast, 
conveyed  such  rare  travellers  as  business  brought  over.  One 
of  these  brigs  was  driven  in  on  the  rocks  at  Darrynane,  and 
crew  and  passengers  hospitably  entertained  for  several  days, 
until  whatever  could  be  saved  was  saved.  I  found  many 
letters  of  thanks  from  persons  so  rescued  and  sheltered, 
among  Maurice  O'Connell's  papers. 

Among  the  rescued  wayfarers  was  a  very  elegant  young 
English  gentleman,  named  Herbert,  a  near  relative  of  the 
Earl  of  Powis,  who  had  come  over  to  visit  some  Irish  estates. 
He  profited  by  his  sojourn  to  whisper  his  vows  in  fair  Mary's 
not  unwilling  ears,  and  proceeded  to  address  her  mother. 
The  stern  old  dame  gave  him  a  very  bad  reception.  He 
vowed  and  swore  he  would  obtain  the  formal  consent  of  his 
parents,  but  she  was  obdurate,  deeming  that  if  he  was  an 
adventurer,  of  whom  one  knew  nothing,  he  was  no  fit  mate 
for  her  daughter,  and  that  if  he  was  the  near  relative  of  a 
great  nobleman,  he  was  not  likely  to  be  allowed  to  marry  a 
simple  gentlewoman  of  no  great  means,  and  the  old  lady  was 
too  proud  to  allow  her  daughter  to  enter  any  family  on 
1  See  Note  E,  p.  246. 


Ill  tJte  Irish  Brigade.  163 

sufferance  ;  so  the  young  man  departed,  with  many  vows 
and  promises,  and  for  several  months  nothing  was  heard  of 
him.  Golden-haired  Mary  might  fret  in  secret,  but  her 
mother  arranged  her  marriage  with  Mr.  Baldwin,  of  Clohina, 
near  Macroom,  who  made  her  a  most  excellent  husband,  but 
who  by  no  means  struck  her  fancy,  as  he  was  not  young,  and 
was  a  tall,  gaunt,  long-limbed  personage,  whose  ungraceful 
stature  was  doubly  conspicuous  in  an  age  of  silk  stockings 
and  buckled  shoes. 

Mr.  Baldwin,  curiously  enough,  was  a  convert  in  penal 
days.  His  family  had  come  over  in  Elizabeth's  time,  with 
their  kinsmen,  the  Herberts,  and  had  settled  on  Irish  for- 
feitures, intermarrying  with  other  Protestant  families  for  a 
couple  of  centuries.  James  Baldwin  and  his  younger  brother 
secretly  embraced  the  ancient  faith,  through  the  efforts  of 
a  Catholic  tutor.  On  avowing  it,  they  were  turned  out,  and 
the  elder  brother  suffered  positive  persecution  from  his 
father  for  a  long  time.  At  last  the  old  gentleman  relented, 
and  he  was  enabled  to  marry.  In  1762  he  brought  home 
Mary  O'Connell,  and  with  her  a  hundred  and  twenty  head  of 
black  cattle,  some  mares  and  garrons,  her  foster-sister,  Cathy 
Sullivan,  a  riding-mare,  and  a  small  sum  in  cash.  At  the 
wedding  breakfast  a  letter  came  from  Mr.  Herbert,  announcing 
that  he  had  at  last  extorted  the  consent  of  his  parents,  and 
of  his  kinsman,  the  Earl  of  Powis.  However,  the  ring  was  on 
fair  Mary's  finger,  and  she  had  a  good  husband  and  a  happy 
home.  In  after-years,  when  even  the  best  of  husbands  are 
apt  to  be  a  little  tiresome  sometimes,  she  could  always  put 
down  her  spouse  by  observing,  "But  for  you,  Mr.  Baldwin, 
I  might  have  been  Countess  of  Powis."  Old  Miss  Julianna 
O'Connell  remembers  old  people  telling  her,  when  she  was 
young,  what  a  pretty  creature  Mrs.  Baldwin  was,  and  how 
beautifully  dressed  she  used  to  be,  particularly  on  some  special 
occasion.  She  rather  thought  it  was  to  Nancy's  wedding  that 
she  came  with  her  pretty  little  daughter.  Mother  and  child 
were  both  dressed  in  open,  long-waisted  silk  gowns  over  blue 
satin  quilted  petticoats,  and  the  loveliest  lace  cap  was  partly 
covering  the  golden  hair  she  wisely  did  not  powder.  When 
her  brother  Dan  saw  the  six  children,  he  immediately  claimed 


164       Tlie  Last   Colonel  of  the  Irish  Brigade. 

this  little  damsel  and  three  of  the  prettiest  as  real  O'Connells, 
whereat  poor  brother  Baldwin  laughingly  observed  he  was 
only  giving  him  the  plain  ones  for  Baldwins.  We  must  bear 
in  mind  that  these  were  the  O'Connells  of  the  elder  type, 
before  wise  and  witty  Kate  O'Mullane  had  brought  in  cock- 
noses  or  scanty  locks. 

Dan  and  Nancy  were  the  only  unwedded  ones,  for  their 
niece  Abby  had  been  married  some  time.  She  was  a  hand- 
some, wilful,  petted  girl,  whose  mother  let  her  have  a  good 
deal  of  her  own  way.  She  had  point-blank  refused  two  eligible 
suitors  of  her  uncle  Maurice's  providing.  He  lost  his  temper 
in  the  end,  and  told  her  she  should  forfeit  his  friendship  the 
next  time  she  refused  a  good  match.  The  next  good  match 
which  offered,  and  which  she  feared  to  refuse,  was  a  Mr.  James 
Gould,  a  member  of  a  very  ancient  family,  in  the  County 
Cork,  settled  near  Clonakilty,  and  much  mixed  up  with  the 
smuggling-trade.  His  temper  was  as  violent  and  impetuous 
as  her  own,  and  they  eventually  separated,  without  any  stain 
on  her  character.  When  her  uncle  and  ex-playmate  returned, 
she  had  only  been  married  a  short  time,  and  she  and  her 
husband  and  Dan  were  all  on  the  most  affectionate  terms. 
In  a  letter,  only  dated  "Friday,"  but  evidently  written  in  the 
early  winter  of  1772,  James  Gould  writes  to  Maurice  O'Con- 
nell,  congratulating  him  on  the  major's  safe  return.  "  Major  " 
is  a  mistake  for  "  aide-major,"  i.e.  adjutant. 

"  With  the  greatest  pleasure  I  was  last  night  informed 
of  the  Major's  safe  arrival  at  Darrinane  after  a  prosperous 
voyage.  I  sincerely  congratulate  him  thereon.  He  was 
fortunate  in  Meeting  so  good  an  oppertunity,  and  it  seems 
others  were  as  Fortunate  in  meeting  with  him.  Please  to 
assux'e  him  of  my  warmest  regard  and  affection,  and,  had  I 
been  at  all  prepared  at  present  for  so  Long  a  Journey,  would 
go  from  hence  to  see  him,  but  I  intend  having  that  Pleasure 
speedily." 

Abigail  Gould's  first  cousin,  young  Jerry  Falvey,  of  Faha, 
went  out  with  her  uncle  the  following  April.  Messrs.  Deasy 
and  O'Brien,  James  Gould,  and  Maurice  O'Connell  had  all 
been  concerned  in  a  smuggling  venture,  carried  out  by  the 
vessel  of  the  former.     Such  contraband  goods  as  the  aide- 


In  the  Irish  Brigade.  165 

major  and  tho  cadet  were  going  out  to  King  Louis  in  the 
return  ship.^     James  Gould  writes — 

"I  have  the  pleasure  to  inform  you  that  I  saw  the  major 
embark  at  the  Galley  head  last  Thursday,  on  board  the 
Clonakilty  Vessell,  returning  to  Dunquerque,  and  that  the 
wind  has  been  as  fair  as  possibly  could  be  ever  since.  I 
make  no  doubt,  as  the  Vessel  is  a  prime  Sailor,  that  he  will 
be  safe  arrived  this  day.  It  happened  very  fortunat'ely,  as 
it  was  very  uncertain  when  an  oppertuuity  would  offer  from 
Cork.  Besides,  will  save  him  vast  trouble  and  Expence,  the 
Owner  having  very  civilly  declined  receiving  any  payment 
either  for  him  or  Hugh  Falvy's  son,  who  went  with  them. 
God  conduct  them  safe  !  " 

Mr.  Gould  suggests  that,  in  return  for  this  civility,  they 
should  be  as  favourably  treated  as  relatives  were  in  settling 
the  accounts  of  the  previous  venture. 

He  writes  on  the  18th  ;  on  the  14th  the  aide-major  him- 
self writes,  announcing  his  immediate  departure  for  a  voyage, 
which  only  took  one  day  longer  than  Mr.  Gould  had  anticipated. 
The  parting  gifts  of  Irish  broadcloth  and  sea  stores  strangely 
suggest  the  gifts  a  modern  emigrant  receives  at  departure. 

Daniel  Charles  O'Connell  took  out  with  him  a  young  lad, 
who  did  not  seem  particularly  promising  material  for  the 
Brigade,  but  who  turned  out  very  well  after  all.  His  share  in 
the  matter  merely  consisted  in  getting  him  a  cadetship  and 
exercising  a  general  supervision  over  the  son  of  that  Hugh 
Falvey  to  whose  theological  laxity  and  friendliness  the  O'Con- 
nells  owed  the  preservation  of  their  property.  He  had  turned 
Protestant  to  save  his  property,  but  had  no  theological  reasons 
for  so  doing.  His  elder  sons  followed  his  example,  but  there 
was  no  reason  why  this  young  boy's  faith  should  be  sacrificed 
to  mammon.  The  lad's  mother  was  the  holy  lady,  Honora 
O'Mahony,  whose  heroic  charity  is  remembered  to  this  day  in 
the  quaint  rhyme  of  the  grateful  poor  scholar,^  whom  she  had 

*  It  was  penal  for  any  Papist  to  go  or  send  any  one  for  education 
abroad,  to  send  money  in  aid  of  educational  or  religious  purposes,  and 
death  to  enlist  in  foreign  service.  Hence  this  contraband  commerce  was 
carried  on  at  considerable  risk.  At  one  period,  however,  foreign  enlist- 
ment was  connived  at. — [S.] 

^  See  p.  57. 


166       TJie  Last  Colonel  of  the  Irish  Brigade. 

nursed  in  a  malignant  fever.  The  Mahonys  and  O'Connells 
were  many  times  related  besides  their  connection  with  Hugh 
Falvey  through  the  marriage  of  his  sister,  Mary  Falvey,  with 
John  O'Connell,  of  Darrynane.  To  my  hero  his  faith  was  not 
merely  the  spiritual  element  by  which  .he  hoped  to  save  his 
soul  in  the  next  world  ;  it  was  indissolubly  wedded  to  his 
honour  here  below :  a  successful  career  to  be  pursued  with 
no  stain  to  faith  or  honour  was  Daniel  O'Connell's  great 
object  in  life.  Such  a  career  was  most  certain  to  be  met  with 
in  the  service  of  France.  My  hero  brought  out  two  nephews, 
and,  besides,  helped  on  young  kinsmen  whose  parents  were 
unable  to  provide  for  them  respectably  at  home.  He  suffered 
many  things  from  these  lads.  The  strong,  handsome  ones 
were  as  wild  and  unmanageable  as  young  colts  ;  the  good  boys 
were  either  delicate  or  small  of  stature.  Young  Falvey  was 
neither  poor  nor  nearly  related  to  him,  but  friendship,  con- 
sanguinity, and  religious  principle  all  made  him  wish  to  start 
this  son  of  Honora's  in  an  honourable  career  without  loss  of 
his  creed.  All  the  other  boys  came  from  near  the  sea,  and 
were  too  much  accustomed  to  that  element  to  feel  either  fear 
or  illness,  as  inland-bred  Jerry  Falvey  did.  No  wonder  the 
poor  lad  was  very  sea-sick  and  very  frightened  in  a  storm, 
encountered  in  a  trading-ship,  probably  not  of  very  great  size. 
From  this  unheroic  beginning  his  protector  did  not  draw- 
very  favourable  auguries  ;  but  the  pages  of  M.  de  la  Ponce's 
list  of  officers  of  the  Irish  Brigade  show  that  he  persevered 
and  got  on,  and  we  find  him  and  other  Falveys  entering  the 
English  Irish  Brigade  with  Count  O'Connell. 

Clonakilty,  April  y"  15•^  1773. 

My  Dr.  Brother, — I  reed,  y'"  letter  p.  Mr.  Falvey,  w^'' 
removed  my  uneasiness,  tho'  not  my  jealousy,  at  not  hearing 
from  you  during  my  stay  in  Tralee,  w*"''  I  think  the  more 
unkind  as  you  was  indebted  to  me  for  a  Letter.  I've  been  at 
Corke,  and  finding  no  Ship  there  ready  to  sail,  came  back 
here,  where  I  fortunately  find  a  passage  for  Dunkerque  on 
board  a  brigg,  170  tons,  belong  to  Mr.  Deasy  and  Comp.,  who 
have  been  mighty  obliging  and  have  refused  taking  a  penny 
from  me.  I  was,  till  then,  extreamly  uneasy  to  see  my  term 
approach  and  no  possibility  of  getting  off,  otherwise  than  by 
Dublin,  so  cruel  is  -it  to  be  stinted  to  time  when  the  Sea  must 


In  the  Irish  Brigade.  1G7 

be  crossed  and  Expense  avoided.     I  hope  this  oppertunity 
will  answer  every  end. 

To  be  revenged  for  your  unfriendly  Silence,  I  shall  not 
acquaint  you  with  my  arrival  at  the  other  Side.  Don't  expect 
to  hear  from  me  before  the  End  of  June.  I  hope  then  to 
inform  you  that  we  are  marching  away  to  Poland  or  to  Italy, 
and  that  this  Event  is  likely  to  produce  me  some  advantage 
in  the  way  of  promotion.  If  this  should  happen,  God  knows 
when  we  meet  again. 

I  am  glad  to  hear  our  friend  Arthur  arrived  safe.  Adieu, 
D''  Brother.  My  fond  affections  to  my  Sister.  You'll  not 
forget  the  promice  you  made  of  carrying  her  to  the  county 
Limerick  this  Summer.  Had  I  remained  I  should  have 
certainly  attended  her.  It  will  give  me  great  pleasure  to 
hear  you  have  gratified  her.  My  love  and  Duty  to  my 
Mother.  I  hope  she  has  no  return  of  the  gout  since  I  left. 
How  is  poor  Nancy  ?  Eemember  me  most  tenderly  to  her. 
Eemember  me  also  to  D""  Brother  Morgan  and  his  Catherine. 
A  great  many  assurances  of  friendship  to  Keane  and  Joanney, 
and  our  friends  at  Tarmons.  I  am  exceedingly  obliged  to  my 
dear  Brother  for  the  kind  part  he  has  acted  for  my  friend 
Copinger.  I  am  sure  I  need  not  reccommend  the  little  boy 
to  your  care.  Your  friendship  to  him  I  will  Consider  as  con- 
ferred on  myself.  Farewell,  my  Dear  and  Darling  Brother, 
and  Believe  me  most  unalterably. 

Your  loving  and  much  obliged  Brother, 

Danl.  O'Connell. 

Brother  and  Sister  Baldwin  left  this  but  last  Saturday. 
Jerry  McCrohen  is  now  here.  I  lay  at  his  house  while  in 
Corke.  He'll  find  you  the  memorandum  of  the  cloathes, 
3  yards  cloth  at  23'  &  4^  yds.  white  serge.  I've  taken  no 
trimmings  nor  Buttons. 

Jemmy  Goulde  and  Abby  and  my  Sister  desire  their  love 
to  all.  They  have  provided  me  with  so  ample  a  sea  store 
that  I  think  I  shall  sell  to  the  amount  of  some  pounds  thereof 
at  the  other  side.  I  have  experienced  a  great  deal  of  friend- 
ship and  good  nature  both  here  and  at  Clohinah. 

After  all,  Dan  did  announce  his  arrival  in  foreign  parts. 
He  writes,  on  reaching  "  The  Smuggler's  Nest  " — 

Dunkerque,  April  y*  19'",  1773. 

My  Dr.  Brother, — Notwithstanding  my  jealousy  to  you, 
I  lose  not  a  moment  in  informing  you  of  my  arrival  here 
after  an  agreable  passage  of  four  days,  as  you'll  see  by  my 
last  from  Clonakilty,  dated  the  15"\  so  that  I've  full  time  to 


168       The  Last  Colonel  of  the  Irish  Brigade. 

join  my  Regiment.  I've  met  here  some  of  my  Military 
Acquaintances,  who  tell  me  that  the  rumours  of  an  approach- 
ing war  seem  highly  probable.  An  Alliance  with  England  is 
spoke  of  as  a  matter  of  Certainty,  and  it  is  assured  that  some 
French  troops  are  to  be  Embarked  in  English  Ships  for  the 
Baltick.  This  last  circumstance  I  have  reason  to  doubt  of. 
if,  however,  they  come  to  a  rupture,  we  shall  not  be  Idle. 
I  hope  to  have  it  in  my  power  to  give  you  a  more  authentick 
account  in  a  Little  time  hence.  Till  then,  I  refer  you  to  the 
Hibernian  Chronicle. 

I  shall  set  out  to-morrow  for  Bethune,  where  I  shall  arrive 
y®  Second  Day.  I've  a  fellow  traveller,  Jerry  Falvey,  who 
does  not  Seem  to  have  a  relish  for  war.  All  he  has  seen 
Jiitherto  cannot  please  him  so  much  as  Faha.  He  has  been 
mighty  Sick  on  the  passage,  and  mightily  terrified  Yesterday 
at  a  Gale  of  Six  Hours  we  had  in  the  Cbannell.  We  Shipped 
some  Seas,  and  he  thought  himself  undoubtedly  lost. 

I  shall  be  impatient  to  hear  from  you,  my  dear  Brother, 
and  must  beg  leave  once  more  to  trouble  you  with  expressions 
of  my  most  thorough  sence  of  your  friendship  and  favour. 
As  gratitude  is  probably  the  only  return  I  shall  ever  have  it 
in  my  power  to  make,  it  shall  be  my  constant  study  to  act 
agreably  to  your  desires,  and  shall  flatter  me,  with  the 
Assistance  of  the  Almighty,  never  to  give  any  material  room 
for  reproach  to  my  friends  or  acquaintances.  I  shall  attencl 
to  my  profession  with  redoubled  Efforts,  and  if  they  prove 
fruitless,  I  shall  derive  consolation  from  my  consciousness  of 
having  done  my  Duty.  Give  Nancy  my  address,  and  let  her 
know  I  shall  be  glad  to  hear  from  her.  How  is  my  poor 
Mother  ?  Assure  her  of  my  Duty  and  Love.  I  believe  you 
would  do  right,  my  Dear  Brother,  to  pay  her  Dower,  exactly 
what  my  father's  will  cuts  out  for  her.  A  community  of 
, purse,  which  I  know  you  have  adhered  to  from  a  principle 
of  generosity,  does  not  suit  her  delicacy.  She  does  not  know 
how  to  ask,  and  I  perceived  it  made  her  unhappy  not  to  offer 
me  some  money  at  parting,  which  I  certainly  would  have 
refused.  I  do  assure  you  she  has  not  mentioned  it  to  me, 
but  always  shewed  herself  thoroughly  sensible  of  the  happi- 
ness of  having  so  good  a  Son.  I  am  convinced  any  indif- 
ference from  you  would  shorten  her  days  ;  therefore  be  careful, 
my  Dear  Brother,  to  show  her  no]ie.  I  must  also  reccommend 
Nancy  to  your  care.  She  has  been  left  to  your  Charge,  and 
it  is  incumbent  on  you  to  provide  for  her  by  removing  any 
obstacles  arising  from  her  want  of  fortune — at  least  so  far  as 
£300.  You  have  been  hitherto  the  support  of  your  family, 
and  it's  no  small  proof  of  my  confidence  in  you  to  take  this 


In  the  Irish  Brigade.  169 

liberty  with  you,  but  remember,  my  D""  Brother,  you  have 
made  it  a  point  I  should,  and  I've  too  good  an  opinion  of  you 
not  to  Comply. 

Farewell,  my  own  D""  Brother.  My  most  warm  affections 
to  my  Sister,  and  Believe  me,  most  unalterably, 

Your  respectful  and  loving  Brother, 

D.  O'C. 

A  Monsieur,  Monsieur  O'Connell,  Capitaine  Ayde-Major, 
au  Eegiment  de  Clare,  en  garnison  a  Bethune.  My  affections 
to  Brother  Morgan  and  Catty.  Best  compliments  to  the 
family  of  Cummanahorna,  and  all  other  friends. 

The  majority  of  Pondicherry's  Reg*  has  been  filled.  It's 
worth  £300  p.  an.     I  am  sorry  I  did  not  accept  it. 

It  is  impossible  not  to  feel  touched  by  the  portrait  of  the 
high-spirited  Maur-ni-Dhuiv,  who  knows  not  how  to  ask,  and 
her  struggle  between  love  and  pride.  Her  husband's  will 
leaves  her  her  own  belongings — her  horse,  pillion,  and  horse 
furniture,  certain  cattle  and  sheep,  and  pasturage  for  them, 
a  share  of  plate,  linen,  and  furniture,  but  a  miserably  small 
pittance  of  hard  cash,  unless  she  leaves  Darrynane  and  gives 
up  part  of  her  other  provision.  Now,  Dan's  idea  evidently 
was,  that,  with  his  brother's  increased  wealth,  the  old  lady 
should  enjoy  both  the  jointure  provided  for  her  if  she  left, 
and  the  share  willed  her  if  she  remained  in  her  old  home. 
Sheep  or  cattle  seem  to  have  been  sold  only  once  or  twice  a 
year,  if  the  testimony  of  old  account-books  be  conclusive,  so 
that  would  account  for  her  having  no  ready  money  at  the 
precise  moment  of  her  youngest  son's  departure.  Mistress  of 
the  house  that  had  been  built  for  her  she  always  remained, 
and  dispenser  and  organizer  of  the  most  open-handed  hospi- 
tality. On  one  point  only  she  was  ever  stingy — she  did  not 
permit  the  reckless  and  lavish  consumption  of  eggs  by  her 
household — they  should  be  brought  to  her  to  count  out  and 
dispense ;  and  the  Liberator  told  his  dear  eldest  daughter, 
who  told  me,  that  the  queer  Irish  nickname  sometimes 
bestowed  on  this  otherwise  lavish  old  lady  was  Pinnath-na- 
ove  ("  She  who  is  stingy  of  eggs  ").^ 

Dan's  next  letter  refers  to  McCarthy  Mor,  about  whose 

claim  I  have  seen  many  letters  and  documents.     My  fellow- 

1  Recto  pJdIjTd  r]d  Ubd,  "the  Afflicted  of  Eggs,"  or  "the  Egg-tor- 
mented." 


170       The  Last  Colonel  of  the  Irish  Brigade. 

worker,  Eoss  O'Connell,  has  drafted  a  very  interesting  and 
elaborate  note/  which  will  he  found  at  the  end  of  this 
chapter,  as  also  a  letter  from  Counsellor  Murphy  to  Madam 
O'Donoghue,  in  which  this  landless  foreign  tanist  is  flatter- 
ingly referred  to.  Those  curious  in  family  histories  can 
read  Donal  McCarthy  Glas's  great  pedigree-book  and  his 
"Florence  McCarthy." 

Eoss  O'Connell  is  the  direct  descendant  of  The  McCarthy 
Mors  and  The  O'Donoghues,  which  accounts  for  these  letters 
being  at  Lake  View.  His  father,  Sir  Maurice,  is  the  son  of 
Jane  O'Donoghue,  aunt  to  The  late  O'Donoghue  of  the  Glens, 
and  great-great-granddaughter  to  that  Madam  O'Donoghue 
to  whom  the  letter  was  addressed  about  her  nephew's  death. 
That  lady  was  the  sister  of  the  second  last  McCarthy  Mor, 
about  whose  style  and  title  there  was  no  doubt,  but  on  his 
death  by  a  fall  from  his  horse  several  claimants  cropped  up. 
The  Madam's  ^  legal  adviser,  Counsellor  Murphy,  enters  into 
an  elaborate  statement  of  business  matters,  and  announces 
McCarthy  Mor's  death  to  her.  The  letter  bears  date  March 
18,  1770.     The  postscript  says — 

"P.S. — Charles,  the  son  of  Florence,  the  elder  brother 
of  Justin  McCarthy,  is  now  McCarthy  More,  and  a  prettier 
fellow  has  not  been  a  McCarthy  More  this  age  past.  He  is 
a  Capt"  in  Clare's  Eegim*." 

Notwithstanding  the  lawyer's  dictum,  we  find  the  dashing 
young  soldier  still  unable  to  substantiate  his  claim  three 
years  after.  He  was  doubtless  on  the  high  seas  to  Mauritius 
when  the  Chief  died. 

The  next  letter  refers  to  Arthur  O'Leary's  death.  As  I 
have  procured  a  copy  and  translation  of  the  keen  composed 
by  poor  Nelly  herself,  I  shall  not  spoil  an  article  I  have 
written  for  publication  by  any  long  account  here  of  their  loves 
and  the  desperate  adventures  which  led  to  his  death.  Suffice 
it  to  say  that  Arthur  O'Leary,  who  had  been  in  the  Austrian 
Service,  and  was  a  remarkable  athlete,  sportsman,  and  marks- 
man, had  a  desperate  rivalry  with  a  rich  Protestant,  a  Mr. 

1  See  Note  A,  p.  225. 

2  ' '  Madam  "  is  the  title  of  a  Chief's  wife. 


In  the  Irish  Brigade.  171 

Morris,  who  was  mean  enough  to  offer  him  £5  ^  for  a  famous 
race  mare,  described  by  dark  Eileen  as  "  the  dark-brown  steed, 
the  peerless,  whose  forehead  bore  a  snow-white  star."  O'Leary 
challenged  and  struck  Morris,  who  refused  to  fight  a  Papist. 
He  got  O'Leary  outlawed.  The  high-spirited  young  couple 
were  actually  besieged  in  Ealeigh,  near  Macroom,  which  they 
rented  from  one  of  the  Mynheer  family,  who  afterwards 
married  a  niece  of  dark  Eileen  and  of  my  hero — a  Miss  Bald- 
win, of  Clohina.  They  beat  off  the  soldiery,  Eileen  Dhuv 
loading  the  guns  for  her  husband. 

He  was  shot  down  on  the  night  of  May  4,  1773,  and  the 
mare  galloped  home  riderless  and  struck  the  bolted  door  of 
Ealeigh  with  her  heels,  until  Eileen  rushed  down  and  flung  it 
open,  to  see  the  mare  standing  riderless,  with  long  reins  trail- 
ing in  the  dust,  and  the  saddle  splashed  with  blood.  She 
sprang  on  that  blood-stained  saddle,  as  she  describes  in 
passionate  verse.  The  mare  flew  on  with  her  for  miles,  and 
on  the  green  meads  of  Carrigaminma,  beneath  a  great  bush 
of  golden  gorse,  she  saw  Arthur  dead,  with  an  aged  crone 
keening  over  him. 

Eileen  spared  no  efforts  to  bring  the  murderers  to  justice. 
A  couple  of  soldiers  who  were  of  the  party  were  sent  off  to 
Barbados.  Mr.  Morris's  complicity  was  not  proved,  but 
Arthur's  brother,  largely  incited,  I  fear,  by  the  widow,  shot 
Morris  in  Cork,  and  fled  to  France. 

Eileen  had  married  in  spite  of  the  warnings  of  her  family. 
She  tells  us  in  the  keen  that  she  eloped  with  her  blue-eyed, 
bright-haired  rider  of  the  dark-brown  mare.  Dan  would 
have  Maurice  let  bygones  be  bygones  and  make  friends,  but 
he  had  a  very  hot-headed  woman  and  a  very  hard-headed 
man  to  deal  with,  and  it  was  years  before  a  real  reconciliation 
was  effected.  Old  Maur-ni-Dhuiv  forgave  her,  however, 
according  to  Miss  Jalianna,  on  the  plea  that  no  woman  could 
have  been  expected  to  resist  the  pleadings  of  so  handsome 
and  attractive  a  suitor.  That  a  widow  of  full  age  should 
have  been  supposed  incapable  of  bestowing  her  hand  where 
she  pleased  is  a  curious  instance  of  the  patriarchal  tyranny 
of  old  family  life. 

*  No  Papist  being  by  law  allowed  to  have  a  horse  of  greater  value 
than  Jt5.— [D.  O'C] 


172       The  Last  Colonel  of  the  Irish  Brigade. 

Bethune,  the  29"'  April,  1773.    ' 

My  Dear  Brother, — I  trouble  you  thus  early  in  favour 
of  a  friend  whom  I've  the  most  earnest  desire  of  obliging. 
McCarthy  More,  Captain  in  this  Regiment,  for  whom  I've  the 
most  warm  wishes,  is  carrying  on  an  affair  of  the  last  impor- 
tance to  him  ;  which  makes  it  indispensably  necessary  to  prove 
himself  in  the  most  authentick  and  undeniable  manner,  the 
real  Chief  of  that  family.  From  the  conversations  I've  had 
with  you  concerning  him,  and  the  genealogy  you  have  given 
me,  y®  can  have  no  Doubt  of  his  being  the  person.  The 
Certificate,  signed  by  the  principal  officers  of  the  Eegt.,  both 
in  age  and  rank,  was  given  in  the  year  '65.  He  was  then  in 
London,  where  he  thought  it  might  have  become  necessary. 
This  Certificate  proves  him  most  incontestably  the  Son  and 
representative  of  Florence  McCarthy,  Elder  Brother  of  Justin 
McCarthy,  of  Begnis.  This  point  cleared  up  leaves  no  room 
to  dispute  his  quality  of  McCarthy  More.  I  therefore  make 
it  a  particular  request  to  my  D""  Brother  that  you  transmit 
me  as  soon  as  possible  an  attestation  in  the  most  Authentic 
form.  Signed  and  Certified  by  Lord  Crosbie,  Colonel  Hasset, 
Barry  or  Ned  Denny,  and  the  other  principal  gentlemen  of 
your  County,  setting  forth  that  Charles  McCarthy,  Esq''% 
Captain  of  Clare's  Regment,  in  the  service  of  his  Most  Christian 
Majesty,  has  by  birth  an  undoubted  right  to  the  title  and 
quality  of  MacCarthy  Mor,  the  Elder  branch  of  that  Family 
being  Extinct  by  the  Death  of  the  Late  McCarthy  Mor,  Officer 
in  the  Guards.  The  Bishop  of  our  Church  is  also  to  sign  this 
Attestation.  Let  me  Entreat  you'll  not  put  it  off.  Any  con- 
siderable delay  may  make  his  Scheme  miscarry.  Any 
expence  attending  it  will  be  reimbursed  me  here.  I  hope 
I  need  say  no  more  to  Ensure  my  Dear  Brother's  Attention 
to  an  object  which  I  have  so  much  at  heart.  His  mother  is 
Margaret  McMahon,  daughter  of  Bernard  McMahon,  of  the 
County  Clare,  who  Died  a  Captain  in  this  Service.  I  mention 
this,  tho'  I  believe  it  foreign  to  the  affair  I  urge.  Don't 
wait  for  the  August  Assizes  for  the  Execution  of  our  Scheme 
if  you  can  avoid  it,  but  if  waiting  till  then  will  make  it  more 
perfect,  you  can  put  it  off.  Let  the  attestation  be  made  before 
a  Notary  Publick.     That  form  is  important  here. 

I  arrived  here  the  22  ins*,  and  have  been  since  confined 
to  my  room  by  an  Eruption,  which  I  look  upon  to  proceed 
from  the  Small  Pox.  I've  taken  and  am  to  take  more  medi- 
cines, and  already  find  a  good  of  'em.  My  right  arm,  in  which 
I  was  cut  for  the  inoculation,  is  covered  with  a  breaking  out. 
It's  now  withering.  I  hope  soon  to  hear  from  you,  my  Dear 
Brother,   and  to  learn  that   all  our  friends  are  well.     Our 


In  the  IrisJi  Brigade.  173 

Colonel  is  now  to  join  us.  Young  Lord  Clare  is  also  to  make 
his  first  Entry  as  Ensign  this  Season.  No  appearance  of 
War  at  present,  tho'  for  a  considerable  time  past  Every- 
thing seemed  to  tend  thereto.  We  are  in  a  state  of  Lethargie 
here. 

I  have,  unfortunately,  been  too  late  for  the  Majority  in 
the  East  Indies.  The  appointment  is  £'300  p.  an.  I  am 
sorry  to  have  missed  it.  Our  present  Minister  pays  no  atten- 
tion to  Merit  or  Military  Capacity.  Seniority  alone  leads  to 
advancement.  Adieu,  my  Dear  Brother  ;  the  hopes  of  War 
give  us  spirits.  We  were  dejected.  Conway,  Falvey,  and  all 
desire  to  be  remembered. 

Believe  me,  D''  Brother,  with  the  greatest  tenderness  and 
Respect, 

"Y'rs 

D.  O'CONNELL. 

My  Love  and  Duty  to  my  Mother,  Sister,  and  Nancy. 
Affections  to  Morgan.     Comp'*  to  all  friends. 

The  officer  of  the  Navy  with  whom  I  made  the  South  Sea 
Discovery,  is  gone  out  a  second  time  to  that  part  of  the  world 
with  three  ships,  the  one  of  which  is  a  64.  He  wrote  to  me 
to  propose  me  that  Journey.  He  was  gone  before  I  arrived 
here,  where  I  found  his  letter.  I  am  become  so  fat  that  my 
regimentals  were  all  too  narrow,  but  Conway  tells  me  he  has 
reserved  business  for  me  which  will  bring  me  down. 

Address  :  a  Mons.  Mons.  O'Connell,  Capitaine  Ayde-Major, 
au  Eegiment  de  Clare,  en  Garnison  a  Bethune. 

We  see  by  this  letter  that  Dan's  Irish  sojourn  lost  him  two 
chances,  as  he  was  late  in  receiving  the  invitation  to  start 
on  the  naval  voyage  of  discovery,  and  too  late  to  accept  the 
Indian  promotion  with  its  large  increase  of  pay. 

The  next  letter  refers  to  Arthur  O'Leary's  death. 

Bethune,  June  y"  20%  1773. 
My  Dr.  Brother, — I  reed,  your  favour  of  the  23^''  last 
Month,  by  w'^*'  I  learn  the  unhappy  fate  of  poor  Arthur  Leary. 
I  can't  express  how  much  I've  been  shocked  at  it.  The  short 
acquaintance  I  had  with  him  gave  me  a  more  favourable 
opinion  than  I  had  at  first  conceived  of  him.  I  still  foresaw 
that  his  violence  and  ungovernable  temper  would  infallibly 
lead  him  into  misfortune.  Brother  Baldwin  has  given  me  a  full 
account  of  the  circumstances  that  preceeded  and  attended  his 
last  moments.  It's,  however,  no  small  comfort  to  be  assured 
there  remains  some  Livelihood  for  his  Orphans  and  Widow. 
Her  Situation,  my  D''  Brother,  when  she  considers  her  own 


174       Tlie  Last  Colonel  of  the  Irish  Brigade. 

imprudence  in  the  disregard  she  showed  for  your  advice  at 
the  time  of  her  marriage  with  that  unfortunate  man,  wou'd 
be  distracting  were  she  not  encouraged  by  the  goodness  of 
your  mind.  You  are  too  generous  to  add  to  her  misfortunes. 
I  am  sure  you've  ere  now  forgot  that  she  Ever  offended  you, 
and  let  you  exert  your  friendship  for  her  and  children.     The 

ingratitude  of  M is  a  discouraging  circumstance,  but  be 

assured,  my  Dear  Maurice,  you'll  not  Every  where  meet  with 
the  same  return.  You'll  find  in  your  family  hearts  as  feeling 
as  your  own,  and  more  suited  for  friendship.  I  speak  from 
my  own  private  experience.  My  attatchment  for  my  D' 
Brother  makes  life  dear  to  me,  and  the  happiness  of  Seeing 
him  again  the  first  Desire  of  my  Soul.  All  preparations  for 
War  are  laid  aside  here.  Things  seemed  to  promise  a  speedy 
rupture  on  my  arrival  at  the  Eegt.  Foreign  troops  in  this 
Service  were  to  be  sent  to  Sweden  to  assist  that  Crown 
against  Denmark.  We  were  to  Embark  at  Dunkerque.  I 
am  sorry  to  think  this  Nation  in  a  very  declining  situation. 
No  man  of  capacity  at  the  Head  of  the  Ministry.  No  Encour- 
agement for  Merit  and  Ability.  Favour  still  gaining,  and 
Seniority  the  only  other  title  for  promotion.  This  throws  a 
damp  on  every  Mind,  and  has  already  made  a  very  great  and 
unfavourable  alteration  in  the  Army.  Tho'  no  profession 
requires  greater  powers  of  mind  than  ours.  Still  there's  none 
where  they  are  so  utterly  thrown  away.  You  may  judge,  my 
D'"  Brother,  whether  I  partake  of  the  general  dissatisfaction. 
You  know  I  have  rather  too  much  Ambition,  if  a  Military 
Man  can  be  said  to  have  too  great  a  share  of  what  is  the 
spring  of  all  great  actions.  However,  I  must  bite  my  Nails 
and  have  patience.  Let  friendship  fill  the  room  of  Ambition. 
Its  enjoyments  are  more  sure  and  within  my  reach,  while 
you,  my  D'"  Brother,  continue  to  share  my  sentiments. 
Eemember  me  tenderly  to  our  Mother.  It  gives  me  infinite 
pleasure  to  hear  she  is  well.  My  fond  Duty  to  my  D'  Mother, 
and  most  tender  affections  to  poor  Nancy.  Tell  her  I  reed, 
her  Letter,  and  shall  answer  it  in  some  time  hence.  I  fear 
I  bodder  you  with  Letters.  If  that  should  be  so,  I'll  not 
write  so  often.  It's  an  unexpressible  satisfaction  for  me  to 
tell  my  D''  Brother  with  what  tenderness  and  respect  shall 
ever  be,  his  loving  and  obliged  Brother, 

D.  O'C. 
Eemember  me  to  our  friends  at  Tarmons  and  Coomana- 
horna.  My  next  Shall  be  to  my  Mother  or  Nancy.  I  hope 
I  shall  soon  hear  from  you — at  least  every  month.  If  my 
sister  will  give  me  leave  I  will  sometimes  trouble  her  with 
an  Epistle. 


Ill  the  Irish  Brigade.  175 

Let  poor  Tom  Conway  know  I  think  be  has  very  little  to 
expect  from  this  quarter.  I  can't  prevail  in  his  favour,  nor 
in  favour  of  Denis  Falvey's  son.  I  find  very  little  feeling  for 
their  misery  among  the  Brothers  here.  Good  God  !  dear 
Brother,  how  base  and  ungenerous  is  the  greater  part  of  man- 
kind !  Florence,  our  Cousin-German,  is  here,  but  I  fear  will 
make  no  hand  of  this  trade.  He  is  awkward,  and  his  un- 
worthy Monster  of  a  Father  has  not  even  given  him  a  Common 
Education.  He  can  scarce  write  his  name.  I  fear  he  will 
be  obliged  to  go  back  to  your  Country. 

We  must  bear  in  mind  that  Dan  was  a  highly  educated 
man,  with  an  unspeakable  contempt  for  ignorance.  A  father 
who  sent  out  his  son  into  the  world  an  illiterate  country 
bumpkin  was,  in  his  eyes,  an  odious  monster  ;  so  was  a  father 
who  did  not  at  once  discharge  a  son's  debts  to  the  regiment, 
or  his  debts  of  honour. 

Bethune,  September  the  16"",  1773. 

I  reed,  my  D'  Brother's  letter  of  y*"  27'"  last  month,  and 
am  extreamly  obliged  to  him  for  the  trouble  he  has  been  at 
about  the  affair  of  McCarthy  More,  who  desires  I  should 
express  his  gratitude  in  the  strongest  terms.  Nothing  can 
be  more  authentick.  I  heartily  wish  it  may  contribute  to 
Establish  him  in  this  part  of  the  World.  It  certainly  was 
an  Extraordinary  instance  to  find  an  Irish  Member  of  Parlia- 
ment deliver  a  certificate  in  favour  of  a  Rebel.  The  account 
you  give  of  my  Mother's  good  state  of  health,  as  well  as 
Nancy's  Marriage,  affords  me  the  greatest  satisfaction.  My 
Dear  Brother's  prudence  and  his  good  nature  towards  his 
family  leave  no  room  to  doubt  of  a  prospect  of  doing  well. 
I  have  very  much  at  heart  poor  Nancy's  happiness,  and  must 
Envy  my  Dear  Brother  the  many  favours  and  acts  of  friend- 
ship he  has  done  his  family.  Wou'd  to  Heaven  I  had  it  in 
my  power  to  afford  me  that  Enjoyment !  no  doubt  the 
sweetest  and  most  pure  that  mortal  can  taste.  You've  not 
mentioned  a  Syllable  concerning  my  Sister,  which  makes  me 
uneasy.  No  member  of  the  family,  after  you,  can  claim  a 
more  just  right  to  my  tenderness.  I  beg  you'll  assure  her 
of  my  most  invariable  attatchment,  and  never  more  forget  her 
in  y''  letters  to  me. 

I  am  sorry  to  inform  you  that  we  are  to  leave  this  town 
on  the  23''''  nst.  for  Rocroy,  in  Champagne.  It's  one  of  the 
worst  garrisons  in  France,  distant  from  here  about  150 
miles.     We  arrive  the  1"  October.     I  could  wish  Eugene  [son 


17,6.      The  Last  Colonel  of  the  Irish  Brigade. 

to  his  sister  Betty,  Mrs.  McCarthy]  arrived  before  that  time. 
His  joining  his  Eegt.  will  be  attended  with  a  great  deal  of 
trouble  and  Expence.  I  shall,  however,  take  measures  for 
that  purpose.  I  am  now  to  spend  a  Winter  very  differently 
from  the  last.  The  Sweets  of  Friendship  are  not  to  be 
Excelled.  1  shall  remember  with  pleasure  our  trie  trac.  I 
hope  you  will  not  forget. 

No  news  in  this  Country.  The  Ministry  seems  inclined 
to  adopt  some  new  plans  of  Economy.  The  King  has  given 
orders  to  Demolish  and  sell  some  houses  where  he  never  set  a 
foot  in  his  life,  and  whose  repairs  cost  him  annually  5  or  6 
Millions.  The  Farmers  General's  lease  being  expired,  they 
were  raised  15  Millions.  That  Company  will  take  care  to 
have  the  rise  paid  by  the  poor.  These  two  objects  and  some 
others  make  45  Millions  yearly,  which  is  nearly  what  the 
army  costs.  Never  was  a  better  harvest  or  a  more  plentiful 
crop.  This  Province  is  the  Granary  of  France ;  still,  from 
the  Exportation  of  Corn,  1  strongly  infer  that  before  the  End 
of  the  Year,  Bread  will  bear  an  exhorbitant  price.  Adieu, 
my  D'  Brother.     I  hope  soon  to  hear  from  you. 

I  remain,  most  unalterably  Yours, 

Danl.  O'Connell. 

My  Fond  Duty  to  my  Mother.     Comp^^  to  all  friends. 

"Sister  Nancy"  married  her  cousin,  Captain  Maurice 
O'Connell,  of  the  French  Service,  and  Ballinablown  family. 
They  had  no  children,  and  eventually  settled  in  Killarney. 
When  married,  he  owned  a  property  called  Lative,  which  he 
was  subsequently  obliged  to  sell. 

I  shall  group  the  letters  of  1774  and  1775,  as  they  relate 
to  the  last  days  of  one  of  the  most  famous  of  the  Irish 
regiments — "Clare's,"  so  renowned  at  Fontenoy.  Old  Lord 
Clare  was  known  in  France  as  Marshal  Thomond,  having 
claimed  the  higher  title  on  the  death  of  the  head  of  the 
family  without  issue.  My  hero  speaks  of  his  son  indifferently 
as  "young  Lord  Clare,"  or  "young  Lord  Thomond."  The 
poor  lad  died  young  and  unknown  to  fame,  after  a  few 
months'  garrison  service  in  "  piping  times  of  peace  "  with  the 
regiment. 

These  letters  are  very  interesting,  as  they  contain  an 
account  of  the  wise  reforms  which  inaugurated  the  reign  of 
Louis  XVI.,  which  was  to  end  so  disastrously  within  less 
than  twenty  years. 


In   the   Iri-th   Brigade.  177 

We  find  mention  made  of  an  honourable  and  accomplished 
Irish  gentleman  who  was  a  valuable  friend  of  my  hero's,  and 
came,  I  know  not  quite  how,  into  the  wide  meshes  of  the  net 
of  a  Kerry  cousinship.  Boss  O'Connell  sets  it  all  forth  in  a 
note  of  much  interest.  Chevalier,  afterwards  Count,  Bartho- 
lomew O'Mahony,  entered  the  English  Service  with  his  friend 
as  colonel  of  an  Irish  regiment,  and,  with  a  similarity  of 
fortune,  received  the  great  cross  of  St.  Louis  and  the  rank 
of  general  at  the  Eestoration.  He  was  well  received  in  court 
circles  many  years  before  my  hero  was  permitted  to  make 
his  bow  to  lovely  Marie  Antoinette,  though,  curiously  enough, 
he  did  not  attain  to  "les  honneurs  du  Louvre"  until  the  same 
occasion  as  my  hero.  The  chevalier  was  a  near  kinsman  of 
"  le  brave  O'Mahony,"  that  famous  Count  O'Mahony,  sung 
by  Davis,  who  saved  Cremona,  and  who  was  most  distin- 
guished in  Spain  under  the  Duke  of  Berwick.^  He  and 
several  others  of  the  family  were  among  those  French  officers 
whom  Louis  XIV.  sent  to  prop  up  his  grandson's  new  throne 
with  their  good  swords,  and  who  settled  in  Spain.  This 
young  man  was  nearly  related  to  "  le  brave  O'Mahouy's " 
son,  the  Spanish  ambassador  to  the  court  of  Vienna,  who, 
from  his  high  position,  much  helped  his  kinsman  at  the  court 
presided  over  by  the  beautiful  daughter  of  Austria.  Chevalier 
O'Mahony,  who  owed  his  title  to  being  a  Knight  of  Malta, 
had  had  nearer,  if  humbler,  protection  and  access  to  the 
great.  His  uncle  was  one  of  the  royal  physicians.  With 
kindly  old  Dr.  Mahony  the  two  young  men  boarded  during 
their  bachelorhood. 

Rocroi,  February  the  26'\  1774. 

My  Dear  Brother, — I've  been  a  long  time  in  expectation 
of  hearing  from  you,  and  cannot  help  feeling  some  uneasiness 
from  your  unusual  silence.  I  hope,  however,  it  proceeds 
from  some  extraordinary  occupations  that  leave  you  no 
leisure.  The  busy  scene  of  this  World,  my  D""  Brother, 
affords  nothing  comparable  in  my  eyes  to  the  enjoyment  of 
that  tender  friendship  I  feel  for  you ;  and  I  should  think 
myself  highly  condemnable  if  anything  should  divert  me 
from  expressing  it.  This  I  do  not  mean  as  reproach. 
Perhaps  I  have  caus'd  your  silence  myself  by  not  answering 

'  Sec  p.  320. 
VOL.  I.  N 


178       Tlie  Last  Colonel  of  the  Irish  Brigade. 

your  last,  but  then  I  wrote  two  letters  at  a  time,  one  to  my 
mother  and  the  other  to  my  Sister.  The  fear  of  putting  you 
to  a  useless  expence  prevented  me  from  writing  to  you  at  the 
same  time.  I  am  more  anxious  to  know  how  you  are  than 
jealous  with  you.  I  would  not  have  you  think  that  I  resent 
your  silence,  but  my  uneasiness  for  you  is  at  present  the 
Dominant  Sentiment.  I  suppose  the  Publick  Papers  have 
ere  now  given  you  an  account  of  the  change  of  the  Ministry 
of  France.  The  Duke  d'Aiguillon  is  now  at  the  head  of  the 
Military  and  Foreign  Affairs,  and  on  the  Highest  favour  at 
Court.  He  is  looked  upon  as  a  man  of  extraordinary  Capa- 
city, and  indeed  the  places  he  occupies  require  uncommon 
Abilities  and  Application  to  fill  'em  well.  Mighty  changes 
are  expected,  and  very  sanguine  expectations  formed  from 
his  Administration.  He  is  the  most  Assidious  man  in  the 
Kingdom,  and  since  his  succession  he  is  at  work  Night  and 
Day;  immense  is  the  Career,  if  not  boundless.  When  any- 
thing material  shall  appear,  I'll  give  you  an  account  of  it. 
The  Marquis  de  Monteynard,  late  Minister  of  War,  is  not 
Exiled.  His  Eetreat  is  120  thousand  livres,  w''''  makes  £5000 
pounds. 

Miss  Brown  is  married  to  the  Marquis  de  Syvrac,  a  young 
gentleman  of  a  very  good  reputation,  rich  and  25  years  old. 
Her  fortune  was  500,000  livres  in  hands,  and  200,000  more 
p.  an.  during  ten  years.  In  all.  Seven  hundred  thousand 
Livres,  about  35  Thousand  pounds.  Adieu,  my  dear  Brother. 
My  Tender  Duty  to  my  Mother,  and  affections  to  my  Sister 
Molly,  Nancy,  etc.  Best  Comp^^  to  all  friends,  particularly 
to  the  Coomanahorna  family.  Tell  Sister  Betty  that  Eugene 
is  well,  and  a  very  good  boy.  I  remain  for  ever,  my  D"" 
Brother, 

Your  most  loving  and  affectionate, 

Danl.  O'Connell. 

Our  young  Colonel  is  to  come  to  the  Eeg'  next  May.  I 
may  possibly  spend  the  next  winter  with,  perhaps  sooner. 
My  Compts.  to  the  Carhen  friends. 


The  Miss  Browne  referred  to  in  this  letter  is  Lord  Ken- 
mare's  daughter,  the  damsel  about  whom  Father  Guardian 
O'Brien  had  written,  at  the  request  of  her  unseen  and  elderly 
kinsman  Count  Browne  of  Austria,  so  many  years  before  she 
had  attained  a  marriageable  age. 

"  Our  young  Colonel,"  as  I  said  before,  is  the  son  of  Lord 
Clare,  who  is  to  take  his  place  at  the  head  of  the  regiment 


In   the  Iri>ih   Brigade.  179 

with  which  his  brave  old  father  had  won  the  marshal's  baton. 
As  Marshal  Thomond,  old  Lord  Clare  appears  in  French 
papers. 

Rocroi,  July  the  6'\  1774. 
My  Dk.  Brother, — I  this  day  reed,  your  very  agreable 
favour  of  the  15  last  month,  and  am  exceedingly  sorry  to 
have  given  you  room  to  make  any  charges  on  me,  the  more 
so  as  you  have  been  uneasy  lest  my  silence  might  have  pro- 
ceeded from  Sickness,    The  revolution  caused  in  this  Country 
by  the  Death  of  the  late  King  kept  my  mind  in  suspence,  and 
Expecting  daily  changes  and  considerable  Events,  I  deffered 
writing  from  day  to  Day.     Your  papers  will  acquaint  you, 
before   you   receive    my  letter,    of    the    Duke    d'Aiguillon's 
Eetreat.     M""  le  Comte  de  Mouy,  who  commanded  in  Lille, 
has   reimplaced   him    in    the    Military   Department.      This 
gentleman,  by  the  way,  is  not  looked  on  as  a  well-wisher  of 
the  Irish,  and  it's  much  to  be  feared  he  may  give  us  a  fatal 
blow.     This  being  perhaps  a  groundless  fear  we  all  hide  [it], 
and  I  request,  my  D'"  Brother,  you'll  keep  a  profound  Secret. 
Our  unfortunate  Nation  is  fallen  into  utter  contempt  among 
the  French  since  the  Death  of  Lord  Clare,  whose  favour  with 
the  King,  and  the  then  recent  memory  of  Fontenoy  and  Lans- 
feld,  still  supported  us.     It  is  impossible  our  Brigade  can 
last  much  longer.     With  respect  to  me,  my  D""  Brother,  is  a 
matter  pretty  indifferent  to  me.     I  shall  obtain  in  any  Reg*^ 
in  France  the  same  place  I  here  occupy,  but  if  our  dissolu- 
tion should  take  place  while  the  war  holds  between  Eussia 
and  the  Turks,  I  am  resolved  to  try  how  far  Fortune  may  be 
favourable  to  me  among  them.     My  sole  regret  would  be  to 
have  spent  my  youth,  and  risked  my  life  so  often,  to  so  little 
purpose.     By  what  I  mention  you'll  conceive  how  precarious 
our  fortune  is.     Where  I  to  go  to  Ireland  this  winter,  I  may 
be  absent  at  the  most  critical  moment.     This  perplexes  me 
so  much  that  I  cannot  determine,  with  any  degree  of  certainty, 
what  is  to  become  of  me.     Colonel  Meade's  opinion  will  pro- 
bably fix  my  resolution.     Most  of  my  friends  are  of  opinion 
I  should  go  to  Paris  to  be  introduced  and  known,  but  the 
unavoidable  necessity  of  running  into  Debt  makes  me  quite 
averse   to   that.      Such,   my  Dear   Brother,  is   my  present 
situation.     You  may  depend  no  consideration  less  weighty 
could  balance  the  pleasure  I  should   feel  in   spending  the 
winter  with  you.     Whatever  be  my  fate.  Believe  me  to  be 
for  ever. 

My  Dear,  Dear,  Brother's  most  loving  and  affectionate, 

D.  O'C. 


180       The  Last  Colonel  of  the  Irish  Brigade. 

Let  my  letter  be  a  Secret  to  the  World,  as  our  apprehen- 
sion may  possibly  prove  groundless.  I  would  not  for  any 
consideration  be  the  author  of  spreading  'em.  I  shall  write 
to  you  again  towards  the  middle  of  August. 

My  Duty  to  my  Mother.     Tender  love  to  my  Sister,  and 
best  wishes  to  all  friends.     Eugene  [McCarthy,  Betty  O'Cour 
nell's  son]  is  well,  and  desires  his  duty  to  you.     Colonel 
Meade  not  yet   home,   but   Daily   expected.      Young   Lord\ 
Thomond  is  with  us.     He  is  now  17  years  old,  and  promicesj 
so  so.     1  wrote  to  Jemmy  Baldwin  by  this  post. 

Rocroi,  August  the  8'",  1774. 

My  Dk.  Brother, — It's  with  the  greatest  satisfaction  I 
acquaint  you  that  I  shall  soon  set  out  for  Ireland,  and  hope 
to  Embrace  you  early  in  October  or  perhaps  sooner.  'Tis 
needless  to  tell  you  how  happy  I  shall  be  when  with  you.  I 
was  afraid  it  would  have  been  out  of  my  power  to  gratify  my 
wishes  that  way  this  Winter,  but  circumstances  proved  more 
favourable  than  I  expected.  Colonel  Meade  is  just  set  out 
for  the  Waters  of  Aix  la  Chapelle.  His  constitution  is  pro- 
digiously shattered  from  our  long  voyages,  and  I  greatly  fear 
he'll  not  get  the  better  of  it.  It  would  be  the  greatest  loss  I 
cu'd  suffer  in  this  part  of  the  World.  His  friendship  I  can 
rely  on,  and  few  men  are  men  more  deserving  of  the  Esteem 
of  his  acquaintance  than  he.  I  shall  set  out  the  latter  end  of 
this  month  for  Dunkerque,  where  I  expect  to  meet  a  ship.  If 
not,  shall  go  by  the  way  of  England.  When  in  Cork  I  shall 
immediately  go  to  Clohinah,  where  I  shall  acquaint  you  of  my 
arrival. 

Adieu,  my  D""  Brother.  My  Duty  to  my  Mother.  Best 
love  to  my  Sister.     I  shall  soon  embrace  you  all. 

D.  O'CONNELL. 

Brave  Colonel  Meade  died  soon  after,  exhausted  by  hard- 
ships, long  voyages,  and  unwholesome  climates.  O'Callaghan 
tells  us  that  Colonel  Meade  succeeded  Chevalier  de  Betagh  as 
second  colonel  of  "  Clare's  "  in  1770,  and  was  "the  represen- 
tative of  a  name  respectable  in  Munster  to  our  own  times. 
This  gentleman,"  continues  O'Callaghan,  at  p.  46  of 
"The  Irish  Brigade,"  "who  had  previously  served  in  the 
regiment  of  Lally,  continued  to  be  colonel-in-second  to  the 
regiment  of  Clare,  as  long  as  it  was  kept  up,  or  until  1775. 
For  the  young  comte,  or  Earl  of  Thomond  and  Lord  Clare, 
dying  under  age  and  unmarried  at  Paris,  December  29,  1774, 


In  the  Irish  Brigade.  181 

and  the  united  titles  of  Thomond  and  Clare  ceasing  in  his 
person,  according  to  the  new  arrangement  of  the  French 
Army  already  spoken  of  as  having  occurred  in  June,  1775,  the 
regiment  of  Clare,  about  eighty-six  years  from  its  first  forma- 
tion in  Ireland,  and  eighty-five  years  from  its  arrival  in 
France,  was  incorporated  with  the  Irish  infantry  regiment  of 
Berwick." 

Rocroi,  the  9'"  8"",  1774. 

My  Dr.  Brother, — I  just  reed,  y*"  letter  dated  Limerick, 
Y<=  22''  last  Month,  by  w*^"^  you  express  your  surprise  at  my 
long  silence.  It  gives  me  inexpressible  concern  to  have  been 
the  innocent  occasion  of  y'  uneasiness.  I  give  you  my  word 
I  wrote  you  three  times,  and  have  still  the  copies  of  my 
Letters,  and  am  wholly  at  a  loss  what  to  attribute  their 
miscarriage  to.  Jemmy  Baldwin,  in  a  Letter  I  had  from  him 
some  time  ago,  also  reproaches  me  with  Unkindness.  To 
prevent  my  D''  Brother's  further  anxiety,  I  send  this  to  Paris, 
to  be  put  into  the  Post  Office.  I  hope  to  have  the  pleasure 
of  Embracing  you  before  the  latter  end  of  October.  The  Eegt. 
parts  from  here  the  22"'^  for  Bethune,  our  last  quarters.  I  go 
along  with  my  Lord  Thomond  to  Paris,  where  I  shall  remain 
a  few  days  only,  and  then  steer  for  Havre,  where  I  expect  to 
meet  a  ship  for  Cork.  Perhaps  I  may  meet  Arthur  Ferris, 
which  wo'd  do  me  great  pleasure.  I  mentioned  my  resolu- 
tion thus  far  to  you  in  a  letter  I  lately  w'rote  to  you.  I  had 
no  account  before  your's  of  the  Death  of  Mrs.  FitzMaurice  of 
Belleville.  I  fear  poor  Jack  will  more  than  ever  repent  what 
he  has  done. 

Adieu,  my  dear  Brother.  Be  convinced  that  nothing  on 
earth  can  be  more  dear  to  me  than  your  friendship,  and 
judge  whether  I  w'd  omitt  writing  to  you  so  long.  I  am 
exceedingly  impatient  to  Embrace  you,  and  assure  you  by 
word  of  mouth  of  my  most  unalterable  love  and  Friendship. 

D.  O'CONNELL. 

My  tender  Duty  to  my  mother  and  most  warm  affections 
to  my  Sister.  Comp*'  to  all  friends.  I  had  lately  a  Letter  from 
Morty.  He  is  well,  and  tells  me  that  Major  Sullivan  is  to  pass 
the  Winter  in  Ireland. 

Paris,  8""  y=  6",  1774. 

My  Dr.  Brother, — A  few  days  before  my  Departure  from 
Kocroi  I  had  the  pleasure  of  hearing  from  you,  and  imme- 
diately answered  y''  Letter.  I  then  Expected  to  see  you  in  a 
short  time,  but  as  some  affairs,  too  tedious  to  mention,  tho' 
relating  to  my  Advancement,  require  a  longer  stay  here  than 


182       Tlie  Last  Colonel  of  the  Irish   Brigade. 

I  at  first  could  presume  or  foresee,  the  displeasure  I  feel  from 
being  deprived  of  the  happiness  of  embracing  you,  and  the 
fears  of  your  being  uneasy  at  my  Delay,  determine  me  to 
write  a  Second  Letter.  I  fear  I  shall  not  have  it  in  my 
power  to  go  to  Ireland  this  Winter,  as  the  bad  Season  is  soon 
to  set  in,  and  most  probably  before  I  shall  be  able  to  form 
any  judgement  on  my  Expectation.  As  the  Work  is  only  done 
in  December,  if  I  can  possibly  terminate  my  affairs  should 
they  even  prove  unsuccesful,  my  most  warm  wishes  are  to 
spend  a  Month  or  two  with  you.  Kely  on't,  my  D''  Brother, 
nothing  on  Earth  could  give  me  greater  pleasure  than  being 
with  you,  but  as  my  Station  in  Life,  though  honourable,  wants 
bettering,  I  am  forced  to  Submit  my  wishes  to  my  interest. 
The  friendship  of  Doctor  Mahony  enables  me  to  jpursue  it.  I 
lodge  here  with  him,  nor  does  he  make  the  least  difference 
between  me  and  his  nephew.  I  shall  say  more  if  I  can  hope 
to  succeed.  It's  principally  thro'  the  Channel  of  his  friend- 
ship. I  need  not  reccommend  to  my  D"^  Brother  to  make  no 
mention  of  all  this.  I  suppose  your  publick  papers  speak  very 
favourably  of  this  commencement  of  Administration  in  France. 
I  shall  not  descend  into  any  particulars  on  that  head.  I  had 
the  favour  of  seeing  young  Mr.  Crosbie  of  Ardfert  here.  Lord 
Shelburne  is  also  arrived  in  Paris.  I  have  taken,  conjointly 
with  Colonel  James  Conway,  what  steps  lay  in  my  power 
towards  procuring  for  the  Abbe  Connell  the  Episcopacy  of 
Kerry.  His  nomination  meets  with  strong  opposition  from 
the  Clergy  of  the  Diocese.  I  am  sorry  for  his  own  sake  that 
he  won't  reconcile  himself  the  friendship  of  these  people.  I 
fear  he  may  have  cause  to  repent  it. 

Adieu,  my  Ever  D""  Brother.  My  tender  Duty  to  my  Mother, 
and  most  warm  affections  to  my  Sister.  Kind  comp'^  to  all 
friends.     Believe  me  for  Ever, 

Y'  fond  and  loving  Brother, 

D.  O'CONNELL. 

Doctor  Mahony  and  the  Chevalier  his  nephew,  my  bosom 
friend,  desire  their  best  compliments  to  you  and  family. 

During  the  penal  times  the  priests  were  so  largely 
dependent  on  the  gentry  that  these  latter  meddled  in  Church 
matters  to  an  extent  which  would  not  be  tolerated  now.  I 
have  a  copy  of  a  curious  letter  of  one  of  the  old  Lord  Cahirs 
to  my  husband's  great-grandfather,  William  Coppinger,  of 
Barry's  Court,  full  of  indignation  that  his  bishop  would  not 
promote  a  priest  he  favoured,  and  asking  him  to  get  the 
protection  of  the  Bishop  of  Cloyne  for  his  pmfffif.     Whatever 


In  the  h'ish  Bi'igade.  183 

the  merits  of  the  Abbe  O'Connell,  the  diocese  of  Kerry  was 
lucky  in  rejecting  him,  as  they  got  in  Dr.  Moylan  one  of  the 
ablest  and  most  energetic  prelates  of  the  age. 

There  was  a  Father  Morgan  O'Connell,  uncle  to  Captain 
Eickard  O'Connell  and  to  Dr.  Maurice  Leyne,  frequently 
mentioned  in  the  Leyne  family  papers  as  the  erudite,  eccen- 
tric, and  proud  parish  priest  of  Killarney  in  1782.  I  fancy  I 
identify  him  with  the  young  cousin  of  that  name,  who  was  a 
clerical  student  in  Paris  in  1744,  and  with  this  Abbe  O'ConnelL 
He  was  nearly  related  to  the  Conways,  and  in  a  subsequent 
letter  Dan  mentions  that  they  are  to  bring  influence  to  bear 
on  the  prince  in  Piome.  By  "  the  prince  ^'  I  fancy  they  mean 
Cardinal  York,  brother  to  the  Young  Pretender.  The  late  Mrs. 
McCartie,  of  Headford,  County  Kerry,  a  grand-niece  of  Count 
O'Connell,  in  a  family  memorandum,  states  of  this  O'Connell,. 
"  He  was  a  wit  and  a  holy  priest." 

Paris,  December  18,  1774. 

My  Dr.  Brother, — I  reed,  your  letter  of  the  IS'""  last  Month, 
enclosing^  Mr.  George  Gould  of  Corke's  Draught  for  600'\  the 
payment  "of  which  is  to  be  fulfilled  the  2'"*  next  Month.  I 
feel  to  the  last  degree  this  new  instance  of  your  delicacy  and 
good  nature.  You  not  only  prevent  my  wants,  but  also  my 
calls,  and  Sacrifice  your  own  interest  to  forward  mine.  Be 
persuaded,  my  D''  Brother,  that  I  am  highly  sensible  of  your 
Innumerable  Acts  of  friendship,  for  which  I  shall  be  ever 
acknowledging.  A  young  Mr.  Hixon  has  also  forwarded  me 
a  letter  of  yours,  in  which  you  reccommend  him  to  my  friend- 
ship. A  most  unfavourable  change  in  our  Military  Constitu* 
tion  disables  me  from  rendering  him  as  immediate  services  as 
otherwise  I  should  have  endeavoured  to  do  at  your  reccomen- 
dation.  The  young  gentleman's  own  behaviour  is  vastly 
deserving,  and  reccommends  him  very  much  to  all  his 
acquaintances.  Our  five  Reg***  are  now  reduced  to  three  in  the 
following  manner  :  Bulkeley  receives  Serrant's  Piegt.,  formerly 
Rothe's ;  Berwick's  is  to  be  incorporated  with  Clare's  and 
Dillon's,  to  raise  a  second  Bataillon.  After  this  change  the 
Brigade  will  consist  of  but  3  Regts.,  viz. — 

Bulkeley's,  Clare's,  and  Dillon's,  of  two  Bataillons  each, 
instead  of  five  Regiments  of  one  Bataillon  as  heretofore.  The 
approaching  and  unavoidable  Death  of  Lord  Clare  will  assure 
his  Regiment  to  the  Marquis  of  FitzJames,  Eldest  son  to  the 
Duke  and  Colonel  of  Berwick's,  incorporated  with  ours,  of  which 


184       The  Last   Colonel  of  the  Irish  Brigade. 

ten  Attendant  he  remains  Colonel  Commandant  in  the  room 
of  Meade,  who  probably  will  gett,  as  well  as  Serrant,^  a  French 
Piegimeut.  After  which  the  Eegiment  now  called  Clare's  will 
take  the  name  of  Berwick's.  This  destroys  all  my  expecta- 
tions, which  I  thought  shure  this  winter.  Major  Conway  had 
called  for  an  other  Station,  which  was  to  be  granted,  and  I  was 
to  be  Major  in  his  place.  Now  the  two  reduced  L*  Colonels 
and  Majors  will  get  the  first  vacancies  that  shall  offer,  and  I 
loose  Meade,  on  whose  regard  and  friendship  I  cu'd  for  ever 
rely. 

The  Marquis  of  FitzJames,  w^*"  whom  I  have  but  a  slender 
acquaintance,  will  noe  doubt  always  prefer  the  officers  of  his 
own  Reg\  and  promote  them  preferably,  so  that  after  all  my 
Services  and  Expectations,  w"'  a  Capacity  allowed  equal  to 
any  Station,  I  may  possibly  spend  the  rest  of  my  life  a 
Captain.  This,  my  I)^  Brother,  is  indeed  very  hard,  and,  I  must 
confess,  damps  my  spirits.  At  the  Eve  of  Advancement  an 
uncounted  change  thwarts  and  crushes  me.  Patience  is  a 
distressing  remedy,  and  still  the  only  one  that  remains. 

I  most  carefully  attend  and  cultivate  the  best  acquaintance, 
in  hopes  hereafter  some  oppertunity  more  favourable  may 
offer.  Lord  Kenmare  and  his  son  shew  me  a  great  deal  of 
politeness.  They  are  to  go  to  Ireland  next  spring.  I  told 
his  Lordship  you  would  be  very  glad  to  waitt  on  him,  and 
requested  he  would  give  you  leave,  to  w'''  he  answered  in  the 
most  oblidging  manner.  I  think  you'll  do  well  to  see  him. 
I  am  little  acquainted  w""  M.  de  Syvrac.^  His  wife  is  brought 
to  bed  of  a  son.  Adieu,  my  D'  Brother.  I  wish  you  and  my 
Sister  and  Mother  happy  new  years,  and  am  for  ever, 
Your  most  obliged  and  most  tender  brother, 

D.  O'CONNELL. 

My  worthy  friends,  Doctor  Mahony  and  his  nephew,  w"' 
whom  I  live  as  if  a  Brother,  desire  a  thousand  comp**  to  y'' 
and  family.  I  owe  'em  vast  obligations.  I  fear  entre  nous 
Major  Conway  made  an  indifferent  match.  Adieu,  plains 
moi.  Our  present  minister  grants  nothing,  and  particularly  to 
young  men.  No  advancement,  says  he,  to  be  Expected  without 
twenty-five  years'  Service ;  so  I  am  still  far  remote.  Adieu, 
my  D'"  Manrice.     Perhaps  fortune  may  be  more  favourable. 

The  year  1775  opened  gloomily  enough  for  the  old  officers 
of  *'  Clare's,"  but  our  hero's  motto,  though  not  expressed  in 
words,  was  ''Never  say  die;"  and  he  remained  on  in  Paris 

^  Walsh,  Count  de  Serraiit. 

-  The  Marquis  de  Syvrao,  married  to  Lord  Keiiuiare's  daughter. 


In  the  Irish  Brigade.  185 

in  the  winters,  with  the  exception  of  a  visit  to  Ireland.  He 
had  the  company  of  his  similarly  circumstanced  friends, 
Chevalier  O'Mahony  and  Colonel  Conway,  all  living  close  to- 
gether in  the  rue  de  Tournon.  He  studied  hard ;  cultivated 
many  fine  people,  native  and  foreign,  whose  interest  was 
to  be  of  use  to  him  ;  and  at  the  very  moment  when  he 
thought  his  fortunes  near  the  lowest  ebb,  had  the  good  luck, 
by  a  military  critique,  to  excite  the  interest  of  the  Minister 
of  War.  I  shall  give  the  anecdote  in  full  from  a  contem- 
porary newspaper  when  I  have  quoted  his  letters. 

In  a  letter  of  1776  he  mentions  his  luck  in  attracting 
the  notice  of  the  Count  de  Maillebois,  but  speaks  as  if  he 
had  just  attracted  his  attention  in  the  ordinary  performance 
of  duty. 

Paris,  January  the  30'^  1775. 

My  Dr.  Brother, — You've,  I  suppose,  ere  now  received 
my  last,  by  which  I  acknowledged  the  reception  of  Mr.  George 
Goold's  Draft  on  Messrs.  Arnould,  of  Paris,  for  the  Sum  of 
30'\  the  Amount  of  w'=^  I  reed,  the  2"^*  Inst.,  and  beg  leave 
to  express  a  new  my  gratitude  and  Thanks. 

I  believe  I  made  some  mention  of  the  critical  situation 
of  our  Brigade,  the  fate  of  which  is  still  in  agitation,  and  will 
probably  not  be  decided  before  the  Month  of  April.  What- 
ever be  the  event,  it  must  be  unfavourable  to  me,  as  it 
deprives  me  of  Advancement,  which  I  looked  upon  as  certain 
this  winter.  The  number  of  our  Regts.  will  most  probably 
be  diminished,  and  consequently  some  Majors  and  Lt.- 
Colonels  reduced. 

For  all  this  I  know  no  other  remedy  than  patience.  Many 
people  of  the  first  rank  are  good  enough  to  express  a  good 
deal  of  kindness  and  friendship  for  me,  but  such  is  the 
inflexible  character  of  our  minister  that  neither  friends  nor 
capacity  weigh  with  him  without  twenty-five  years'  Service,  nor 
indeed  is  promotion  much  better  than  Show  in  this  country ; 
for  what  ever  be  the  Rank  of  a  Military  Man,  the  mediocrity 
of  his  pay  keeps  him  in  continual  distress  and  makes  him 
very  little  more  happy  than  before.  Such  is,  my  dear  Brother, 
the  prospect  I  have  before  my  eyes.  Had  I  but  adopted  any 
other  course  of  life  and  applied  with  as  much  assiduity  and 
labour  as  in  this,  most  certainly  I  should  acquire,  without 
the  dangers  and  hardships  I  have  already  undergone,  a  com- 
fortable and  easy  livelihood,  whereas  now  I  am  but  at  the 
commencement  of  my  toils.     However,   my  Dr.   Brother,   I 


18G       The  Last   Colonel  of  tlie  Irisli  Brigade. 

shall  not  sink  into  low  Spirits.     This  life  is  so  short  that 
at  best  it's  little  worth  repining  at. 

James  Conway  has  some  expectations  of  obtaining  y® 
Bishoprick  of  Kerry  for  Abbe  Connell  thro'  y*^  Channel  of 
y®  Prince  at  Eome.^  Still,  the  Abbe  has  no  time  to  lose  in 
sending  him  the  postulation  signed.  If  he  can't  procure 
himself  that,  let  him  send  the  Authority  of  the  Primate,  in 
consequence  of  which  he  Acts  as  Vicar  General  ad  interim. 
The  address  of  J.  Conway  is  underneath.  Adieu,  my  Dr. 
Brother,  adieu.  P.emember  me  most  respectfully  to  my 
Mother  and  most  fondly  to  my  Sister,  and  best  friendships 
to  all  friends.  Doctor  Mahony  and  his  nephew  desire  to  be 
most  kindly  remembered  to  y°  and  family.  Make  mention 
of  'em  all  in  y""  Letters  to  me.  I  have  the  greatest  obliga- 
tions to  the  Doctor  and  his  nephew,  my  bosom  friend.  How 
does  Br.  Morgan  ?  Has  he  got  many  Daughters  ?  I  should 
be  glad  to  hear  he  had  a  boy.  When  shall  I  hear  from  my 
Dr.  Brother  ?  Adieu.  I  wrote  several  times  to  Jemmy 
Baldwin,  and  got  no  answer. 

D.  O'CONNELL. 

My  address  :  chez  M.  de  Mahony,  Medicin  du  Pioi,  rue 
de  Tournon,  a  Paris. 

T.  Conway's  address :  a  Monsieur,  Monsieur  de  Conway, 
Colonel  d'Infanterie,  rue  de  Tournon,  Paris. 

Colonel  Tom  FitzMaurice — not  yet  a  colonel,  however — in 
sending  Maurice  O'Connell,  of  Darrynane,  some  money  for 
a  widowed  sister  of  his,  writes  thus  in  1776  (February  2). 
He  incidentally  mentions  that  his  pay  "is  scarce  sufficient 
for  me  or  any  one  in  my  station  to  keep  Buckle  and  Tongue 
together."  He  seems  to  infer  that  my  hero  is  at  home,  for 
he  says,  "  Cousin  Daniel,  I  suppose,  gave  you  my  address, 
which  is  Libourne,"  etc.,  and  also  mentions  that  cousin 
Daniel  gave  him  an  account  of  the  poor  circumstances  of  a 
relative  in  Ireland.     He  gloomily  proceeds  to  say — 

"  You  have  no  doubt  been  informed  of  what  happened  me 
last  year  in  common  with  a  great  number  of  others  of  our 
country.  I  probably  shall  soon  undergo  a  worse  Event. 
The  only  comfort  I  shall  expect  by  it  is  that  Cousin  Daniel 
and  I  will  probably  join,  and  by  that  means  live  in  Society 
together  for  the  future.  This  arrangement  will  be  in  oue 
shape  detrimental  both  for  his  and  my  future  fortune." 

^  We  presume  Cardinal  York. 


In  the  Irish  Brigade.  187 

From  this  it  would  seem  that  there  was  considerable  risk 
that  my  hero  might  have  had  to  go  on  half-pay.  As  it  was, 
instead  of  being  full  captain  and  adjutant  (aide-major)  he 
deemed  himself  lucky  to  go  as  second  captain  under  his 
friend  McCarthy  Mor.  They  had,  however,  the  honour  of 
being  appointed  to  the  chasseurs,  formed  of  the  picked  men 
made  into  one  company  and  chosen  of  the  pick  of  the  two 
regiments  of  "Berwick's"  and  "Clare's."  Clare's  grand  old 
regiment  ends  sadly  and  prosaically  enough — not  cut  to  pieces 
in  such  a  rush  as  broke  the  English  ranks  at  Fontenoy,  but 
sinking  into  a  state  of  inefficiency  and  finally  losing  its 
identity  in  mingling  with  "  Berwick's."  The  briUiant  verse  of 
Davis  contrasts  strangely  with  the  very  prosaic  version  of 
the  adjutant — for  so  I  conceive  "  aide-major"  to  mean.  Drink- 
ing, gambling,  and  running  into  debt,  according  to  his  later 
letters,  had  attained  a  great  pitch  among  the  Irish-French 
officers.  Davis's  beautiful  song  about  "  Clare's  Dragoons  "  has 
given  rise  to  a  wrong  impression  that  "  Clare's"  were  horse- 
soldiers.  In  point  of  fact,  "Clare's "  was  the  infantry  regiment 
raised,  clothed,  and  armed  for  the  service  of  King  James  by 
Daniel  O'Brien,  third  Viscount  Clare,  early  in  1689.  The 
accurate  and  laborious  O'Callaghan  begins  his  formal  account 
of  "the  Infantry  Eegiment  of  O'Brien,  or  Clare,"  at  p.  38 
of  his  "History  of  the  Irish  Brigades  in  the  Service  of 
France." 

There  is  no  letter  discoverable  from  Daniel  0' Council 
between  January,  1775,  and  March,  1776.  A  visit  to  his 
family  will  account  for  some  part  of  the  second  winter.  The 
Kerry  Chronicle  of  1782,  happily  preserved  at  Lake  View, 
thus  fills  in  the  narrative — 

"The  death  of  Lord  Clare  furnished  the  Minister  with 
a  pretext  to  reduce  that  regiment,  or,  what  was  equally 
injurious  to  the  officers,  to  incorporate  it  with  the  Duke  of 
Berwick's. 

"  Being  at  this  time  free  from  professional  engagements, 
he  [Daniel  O'Connell]  made  a  visit  to  his  family.  It  was 
about  this  time  rumoured  that  Government  would  accept  the 
offer  which  the  Catholic  nobility  in  Ireland  made  of  raising 
regiments  at  their  own  expense  to   serve  in  America.     Had 


188       llie  Last   Colonel  of  the  Irish   Brigade. 

the  proposal  been  acceded  to,  Lord  Kenmare,  who  was  at 
the  head  of  the  measure,  and  who,  during  his  residence  in 
France,  had  known  Mr.  O'Connell's  merits,  proposed  to  give 
him  the  command  of  one." 

I  omit  a  long  dissertation  on  the  refusal  of  the  Govern- 
ment to  accept  this  offer,  and  go  on  to  the  next  narrative 
portion. 

"  Disappointed  in  the  hope  of  acquiring  laurels  in  the 
service  of  his  country,  Mr.  O'Connell  returned  to  Paris,  where, 
instead  of  indulging  in  the  pleasures  to  which  a  handsome 
person  adorned  with  the  most  elegant  accomplishments  would 
have  unquestionably  introduced  him,  he  devoted  his  time  to 
the  University.  He  lost  sight  for  a  while  of  his  profession, 
and  for  two  winters  thought  of  nothing  but  science.  Being 
already  acquainted  with  the  mathematics,  he  made  chemistry 
and  the  belles  lettres  his  chief  pursuits.  The  course  of  his 
studies  was  interrupted  by  a  chance  circumstance. 

**  An  ordinance  for  the  regulation  of  discipline  was  issued 
from  the  War  Office,  upon  which  he  drew  up  some  strictures, 
which  fell  into  the  hands  of  the  Comte  de  Maillebois.  This 
deservedly  admired  general  was  so  much  struck  with  the 
ingenuity  and  spirit  of  these  remarks  that  he  desired  to  see 
the  author,  for  whom,  on  acquaintance,  he  conceived  the 
warmest  friendship,  equally  honourable  to  both  these  dis- 
tinguished characters,  that,  although  M.  de  Maillebois  did 
not  then  stand  well  at  court,  still  his  recommendation  im- 
mediately procured  for  Mr.  O'Connell  the  brevet  rank  of 
colonel  and  a  pension  of  2000  livres  {i.e.  about  £80),  no  very 
great  sum  to  the  parr  of  the  London  Stock  Exchange,  but 
a  vast  affair  in  the  ideas  of  a  Frenchman,  who  estimates  these 
'  graces'  not  according  to  their  intrinsic  value,  but  as  honorary 
marks  of  distinction,  which  imply  merit  in  the  person  on 
whom  they  are  conferred.  Shortly  after,  he  was  appointed 
Lieut. -Colonel  of  the  Koyal  Suedois,  where  his  former  com- 
rades were  still  simple  lieutenants.  With  this  regiment  he 
was  at  the  taking  of  Minorca." 

Now,  "Clare's"  was  dissolved  in  January,  1775,  and 
Minorca  was  not  attacked  until  1781.  The  events  of  six  years 
are  compressed  into  this  paragraph.     The  letters  relating  to 


In  the  Irish  Brigade.  189 

M.  de  Maillebois's  favour  and  his  appointment  to  his  first  regi- 
ment and  cordial  reception  by  his  German  family,  as  he  calls 
them,  will  follow ;  but  unfortunately,  there  is  not  a  single  letter 
during  war-time.  Whether  all  communication  had  become 
impossible,  or  that  he  wrote  to  his  mother  instead  of  to  his 
brother  on  these  occasions,  it  is  now  impossible  to  say. 
Instead  of  a  moving  chronicle  of  perils  by  flood  and  field, 
we  have  the  inner  life  of  a  soldier  of  fortune  laid  bare.  It 
was  a  mighty  rugged  ladder  the  Irish  gentleman  had  to 
climb  to  attain  to  fortune.  The  Count  de  Maillebois  may 
have  been  favourably  disposed  to  this  handsome,  clever,  agree- 
able Kerry  man  because  in  his  own  boyhood  he  had  himself 
been  the  pupil  of  another  handsome,  clever,  agreeable  Kerry 
man.  Sir  John  O'Sullivan,  Charles  Edward's  comrade  of 
"the  '45,"  his  military  mentor  and  devoted  follower.^  O'Sul- 
livan had  early  discarded  the  ferule  for  the  sword,  and  in  the 
intermediate  capacity  of  military  secretary  to  the  famous  old 
Marshal  de  Maillebois,  the  conqueror  of  Corsica,  was  credited 
with  no  inconsiderable  share  in  that  achievement,  the  stout 
old  toper,  his  commander,  having  made  the  wisest  possible 
dispositions  every  morning,  and  invariably  drunk  himself  out 
of  all  recollection  of  them  every  night,  leaving  his  subordinate 
to  remember  all  details.  Whether  influenced  by  agreeable 
recollections  of  his  Irish  tutor  or  by  a  more  unprejudiced 
view  of  men  and  things  than  was  usual  among  French  folk 
dealing  with  foreigners,  M.  de  Maillebois  showed  the  greatest 
interest  in  our  hero,  and  promoted  his  fortunes  by  all  the 
means  in  his  power. 

The  first  two  letters  of  1776  merely  contain  an  account 
of  our  hero's  preparations  for  leaving  Ireland  and  an  account 
of  civilities  received.  The  third  contains  an  account  of  his 
journey  over.  The  fourth  is  of  considerable  interest,  as  it 
contains  an  account  of  the  remodelling  of  the  Irish  Brigade. 

Corke,  March  the  2",  1776. 

My  Dr.  Brother, — I  arrived  here  in  the  afternoon  on 
Wednesday,  and  found  to  my  great  Satisfaction  y'  letter  from 

'  O'Sullivan,  who  was  one  of  the  O'Sullivan  Mor  family,  had  begun  to 
study  for  the  Church,  and  adopted  the  dress  and  style  of  Abbe'.  Frnding 
he  had  no  religious  vocation,  he  accepted  the  post  of  tutor  in  the  marshal's 
family. 


190       The  Last  Colonel  of  the  Iris]i  Brigade. 

Killarney.  I  am  glad  to  find  you  have  taken  y^  lands,  tlio' 
dear,  as  they  are  a  conveniency.  I  remained  at  Clohmah 
until  Sunday  last,  then  came  to  Clonakilty,  where  I  remained 
3  nights.  Abby  [his  niece,  Mrs.  GouldeJ  had  been  delivered 
of  a  fair  Daughter  but  six  days  before.  She  is  as  well  as 
can  be  expected.  All  friends  here  are  well,  and  desire  their 
best  wishes  to  you.  There  are  now  in  this  Port  four  ships 
bound  to  Havre.  I  believe  I  shall  take  my  passage  on  board 
the  Havre  Packet  belonging  to  Mr.  Connor.  She  is  a  very 
stout  Vessell,  well  laid  out  for  accomodation,  and  com- 
manded by  an  excellent  seaman,  who  has  been  some  years 
past  on  that  trade,  and  therefore  well  acquainted  with  the 
French  Coast  on  the  Channel.  She  is  to  fall  down  the  Kiver 
in  2  or  3  days,  and  to  have  no  delay  at  Cove.  Let  me  be- 
seech my  Dr.  Brother  to  be  under  no  sort  of  uneasiness. 
There's  now  every  appearance  of  good  weather  for  some  time  ; 
the  wind  as  fair  as  can  blow  and  very  moderate.  Be  assured 
I  shan't  lose  a  moment  in  acquainting  you  of  my  arrival  at 
Havre.  Troops  are  daily  marching  in  here.  All  those  destined 
for  America  are  to  rendezvous  at  Corke,  and  to  take  in 
provisions  there,  so  that  both  Beef  and  Butter  will  sell  at 
high  rate.  England  seems  determined  to  crush  them  next 
Campaign.     15,000  Hessians  are  taken  into  pay. 

Adieu,  my  Dr.  Brother,  Farewell.  I  shall  write  to  you 
by  post  when  ready  to  sail.  My  most  tender  affections  to 
my  Mother  and  Sister,  and  best  wishes  to  all  friends.  Be 
ever  assured  of  the  heart  of  y''  own 

D.  O'CONNELL. 

I  am  much  obliged  to  my  Dr.  Brother  for  the  orders  he 
sent  of  taking  up  here  any  thing  I  may  want.  I  shall  take 
up  3  gallons  of  the  best  rum  to  be  found,  and  nothing  else, 
for  nothing  is  wanting  to  me.  Charles  is  to  be  this  night  at 
Clohinah,  to-morrow  at  Dromore.  He  carries  Compliments 
to  Mr.  Mahony  from  me.  He  also  carries  back  y''  hussard 
Coat.  Doctor  Council  and  all  friends  here  desire  their  best 
wishes  to  you  all.     Adieu,  my  Dr.  Dr.  Brother. 

I  met  here  and  everywhere  since  we  parted  with  the  most 
friendly  reception.  Jemmy  Baldwin  has  accompanied  me 
hither. 

Corke,  March  the  7"',  1776. 

My  Dearest  Brother, — I  am  still  here,  tho'  I  every  Day 
expected  to  Sail.  The  Vessell  is  at  Length  ready,  and  nothing 
but  y^  wind  now  detains  us.  I  hope  it  will  ofier  to-morrow, 
and  give  us  a  quick  and  agreable  passage  to  Havre.  I  re*" 
here  a  Letter  from  Piobin  Conway,  of  Bergues.     He  gives  me 


In  tJie  Irish  Brigade.  191 

many  accounts  of  changes  to  take  place,  but  as  none  is  hitherto 
confirmed,  I  shall  not  trouble  you  with  the  details  of  them. 
I  have  [met]  many  persons  of  y''  acquaintance  in  this  Town, 
and  reed,  a  very  many  civilities  everywhere.  The  Eeverend 
Eobert  Conway  and  family  have  been  particularly  attentive 
and  polite,  and  introduced  me  into  some  of  the  Protestant 
families.  I  flatter  myself  I  have  reconciled  some  of  their  fair 
to  the  French  gallantry.  Jerry  McCrohan  has  procured  the 
Eum.  It  is  of  an  exceeding  good  quality ;  I  believe  the  best 
to  be  found  in  Corke.  The  3  gallons  have  produced  15 
bottles.  I  have  also  taken  a  bottle  of  Port  and  6  of  Porter 
on  your  account,  contrary  to  my  intention;  for  I  c'uld  not 
prevail  on  Jerry,  who  procured  them,  to  receive  from  me  the 
amount,  so  that  I  must  daily  lay  you  under  new  burthens. 
Farewell,  my  Dearest  Brother,  farewell.  Be  assured  that  no 
expressions  can  equal  the  under  feelings  of  your  most 
respectful  and  obliged  brother, 

D.  O'CONNELL. 

Morgan  is  here  since  Saturday.  Mr.  Wise  has  agreed 
to  take  his  farm  off  his  hands.  My  fond  Duty  to  my  Mother, 
and  Love  to  my  Sister.  Let  her  know  that  I  visited  Mrs. 
Sheehy.  She  is  well,  and  a  pleasant,  agreable  woman.  I 
don't  know  whether  I  informed  you  in  my  last  I  gare  3  (inincas 
for  my  passage  and  am  to  be  found  in  ship's  provisions.  All 
y''  acquaintance  here,  particularly  the  family  I  live  in  and 
the  worthy  Dr.  Connell,  desire  their  most  affectionate  Com- 
pliments to  you.  My  arm  is  still  threatening,  and  I  fear  will 
be  worse  before  I've  leisure  to  go  thro'  poor  Doctor  Mahony's 
prescription.  Doctor  Connell  makes  nothing  of  it.  Eemember 
me  to  Cousin  Charles. 

Havre,  Thursday,  the  14'"  March,  1776. 

My  Dear  Brother, — I  thank  God  that  I  can  so  easily 
inform  you  of  my  safe  arrival  here,  and  remove  any  uneasiness 
you  may  be  under  on  my  account.  On  Saturday  last,  in  the 
afternoon,  we  fell  down  the  river  to  Cove,  and  sailed  at  break 
of  day.  We  made  this  land  this  morning  at  6,  and  came  in 
with  the  afternoon  tide.  I  never  had  a  more  agreable  passage. 
The  weather  was  so  remarkably  fair  that  I  might  with  safety 
come  over  in  your  boat. 

I  had  very  good  accomodation,  and  an  honest,  good,  and 
good-humoured  Captain ;  so  that  every  thing  answered  beyond 
my  most  sanguine  expectations.  To  make  the  arrival  more 
pleasant,  I  met  on  the  Quay  with  Mr.  Denis  McCrohan, 
Philadelphia.  He  is  now  over  a  bottle  with  me,  and  we  just 
now  drank  our   friends  at  Darinane.     To-morrow,   at  4  in 


192       The  Last   Colonel  of  the  Irish    Brigade. 

the  morning,  I  set  out  for  Kouen  by  the  publick  coach,  and 
shall  arrive  at  Paris  on  Monday  or  Tuesday,  whence  I  shall 
write  to  my  dear  brother,  after  a  fortnight  or  three  weeks. 
I  have  now  no  other  uneasiness  than  that  which  must  needs 
arise  on  reflecting  that  the  seas  now  separate  me  from  you ; 
but,  however,  the  pleasing  thought  of  meeting  again  feeds 
and  comforts  my  soul. 

Farewell,  my  dear  Brother  Maurice.  Farewell,  my  own 
dear  brother.  I  can  never  express  what  I  feel  for  you,  nor 
feel  more  than  you  deserve. 

My  Duty  and  Love  to  my  Dear  Mother  and  Sister,  and 
best  compliments  to  all  friends,  not  forgetting  Charles  FitzM. 

D.  O'CONNELL. 

Mr.  McCrohan  wishes  I  may  recommend  him  to  your 
friendship.  He  intends  going  to  that  country  on  some  busi- 
ness. I  think  he  needs  but  show  himself  to  please ;  and  I 
well  know  your  good  wishes  for  his  family.  Let  Mr.  John 
Mahony,  of  Killarney,  know  that  I  have  seen  Mr.  Stuart  and 
settled  to  have  the  linen,  which  I  found  still  in  his  hands, 
part  to-morrow  for  Calais,  to  the  address  of  his  brother  Jerry. 

The  following  letter  is  one  of  the  most  valuable  in  an 
historical  point  of  view,  as  it  details  the  reorganization  of  the 
Irish  Brigade.  The  kindly  Duke  de  FitzJames  was  to  lead 
back  its  officers  to  the  British  Service,  and  he  and  his 
"  Capitaine  en  Second,"  as  colonels  of  the  first  and  fourth 
regiments  of  King  George's  Irish  Brigade,  were  destined  to 
fare  especially  badly  in  their  new  capacity,  some  twenty 
years  after  this  letter  was  written  : — 

Cambray,  June  y"  10**',  1776. 

My  Dr.  Brother, — I  wrote  you  two  letters,  one  on  my 
landing  and  the  other  in  about  3  weeks  after,  as  we  agreed. 
The  latter  I  entrusted  to  the  care  of  an  Irish  Clergyman  just 
setting  out  for  Corke  by  the  way  of  Havre.  I  fear  he  neglected 
forwarding  it,  as  I've  had  no  answer  to  it  or  the  former. 
Ever  since  my  arrival  on  the  Continent  we  have  been  in 
anxious  expectation  of  the  mighty  changes  in  our  Military 
Constitution.  They  have  at  length  taken  place  as  follows  : — 
Ever  since  1762  the  Infantry  in  France  was  divided  into 
Eegiments  of  4,  3,  2,  and  1  Bataillons.  Last  year  [1775]  the 
Marshal  de  Mouy  put  each  Eeg*  to  2  Bataillons,  except  the 
12  first,  which  from  some  private  considerations  he  left  at  4. 
These  the  present  Minister  has  also  put  to  two  Each,  by  means 
of  which  these  12  1*'  Regts.  now  make  24.     Each  Bataillon 


Ill  the  Irish  Briyade.  193 

consisted  till  now  of  9  Companies,  one  of  which  grenacleers, 
which  made  18  companies  to  a  Reg'.  A  Captain,  Lieutenant, 
and  Sub-Lieutenant,  to  Each  Company;  an  Aide-Major  and 
Sub-Aide-Major  to  each  Bataillon  ;  a  Colonel,  Lt.-Colonel, 
and  Major  to  each  Eegt.  Such  was  the  composition  of  a 
Eegt.,  till  now  the  present  formation  is  as  follows :  Each 
Regiment  is  now  composed  of  2  Bataillons ;  each  Bataillon 
of  4  Companies  of  foot — 1  of  Grenadeers,  or  of  Chasseurs,  w-*^ 
among  you  is  called  Light  infantry.  Therefore  6  Officers  to 
each  company,  viz.  a  Captain,  Captain  en  Second,  Lieutenant, 
Lieut,  en  Second,  and  2  Sub-Lieutenants.  The  Aide-Majors 
and  Sub-Aide-Majors,  Chiefs  of  Bataillons  [the  chiefs  of 
battalion  were  created  by  the  late  Minister],  and  two  Colour 
Bearers,  are  reformed  and  rank  according  to  Seniority — the 
Aide-Majors  among  the  Captains,  and  the  Sub- Aide-Majors 
among  the  Lieu'^.  The  10  I"'  Captains  take  Companies ; 
the  10  youngest  are  Captains  en  Second ;  the  Lieutenants 
in  like  manner,  according  to  their  Seniority.  The  Officers 
of  Light  Infantry  are  to  be  chosen  by  their  Colonels  among 
the  most  active,  vigilant,  etc.,  in  each  grade.  McCarthy 
Mhor  is  Captain  of  this  company,  I  Captain  en  Second.  The 
pay  of  a  Captain  of  a  Company  is  2400  livres  clear,  without 
any  stoppage  in  the  pay.  The  pay  of  Captain  en  Second  is 
1560,  also  without  any  stoppage.  The  l*"*  Lieut,  has  900 
livres,  the  2"^  Lieut.  800,  the  Sub-Lieut.  720;  a  Cadet  to 
each  Company  at  12^°^^  a  Day.  There's  also  a  Colonel  en 
Second  to  each  Regt.  Walsh's  Regt.  is  to  be  raised  again 
and  a  2"'^  Bataillon  added  to  it.  The  reformed  and  a  la  suite 
officers  are  to  compose  the  new  Bataillon,  and  are  more  than 
sufficient  in  number.  Besides  this  advantage,  we  have  a  District 
of  French  Flanders  to  recruit  in,  so  that  the  Irish  Brigade  is 
on  a  much  more  respectable  and  solid  footing  than  those  many 
years  past.  The  centre  of  the  French  Army  is  formed  into 
Divisions,  to  each  of  which  are  attached  a  certain  number  of 
General  Officers,  the  same  only  to  be  employed  in  the  field  in 
case  of  war,  and  are  to  keep  the  troops  under  their  inspection 
in  the  strict  exercise  of  military  discipline,  and  to  form  them 
to  the  Evolutions,  according  to  the  principles  established. 
There  are  various  other  changes  relative  to  this  system  too 
long  to  be  explained  in  such  a  manner  as  to  make  'em  in- 
telligible to  you.  The  Soldiers'  pay  is  increased  by  a  Sol 
a  Day.  I  had  a  few  days  since  a  letter  from  FitzMaurice, 
who  informs  me  of  his  receiving  from  you  a  letter,  dated  the 
.'iO""  April,  w*^''  has  removed  my  uneasiness.  He  tells  me  he 
sent  some  [money],  or  a  bill,  thro'  the  Commander  of  a 
Ship,  addressed  to  a  Mr.  King,  Merchant,  in  Corke,  to  be 

VOL.  I.  o 


194       Tke  Last   Colonel  of  the  Irish  Brigade. 

remitted  you  for  the  use  of  his  Sister.  I  suppose  he  ac- 
quainted y"  thereof  in  due  time.  I  have  Some  expection  of 
getting  a  Commission  for  Eugene  in  "  Walsh's."  I  would 
wish  to  be  rid  of  him,  for  between  us  I  fear  he'll  prove  Daddy's 
own  child,  particularly  if  he  should  remain  in  this  Eegt., 
where  there's  the  very  worst  example  for  young  men.  He 
discovers  the  strongest  propensity  to  gambling  and  not  averse 
to  the  bottle.  It's  but  by  the  dint  of  enquiry  that  I've  dis- 
covered debts  he  contracted  during  my  absence  in  Coffee 
houses,  etc.  I  should  have  him  in  a  Dungeon  on  bread 
and  water  to  pay  them,  was  I  not  apprehensive  that  it  may 
prevent  Serrant  [Walsh,  Count  de  Serrant]  from  giving  him 
an  Employment  in  that  Eegt.  In  short,  my  Dr.  Brother, 
this  Boy  has  given  me  a  surfeit  of  bringing  over  any  others, 
nor,  indeed,  could  I  expect  much  from  his  Strain.  May  God 
grant  he'll  alter,  but  I  fear  that  when  abandoned  to  himself 
he'll  plunge  headlong  into  the  vices  he  shews  so  strong  an 
inclination  for.  Adieu,  my  Dear  Brother.  Let  me  hear  from 
you  immediately  ;  and  present  my  most  tender  Love  and 
Duty  to  my  mother.  Most  cordial  affections  to  my  Sister,  to 
Nancy,  etc.  I've  been  almost  constantly  sick  since  I  came 
on  the  Continent  with  an  Ulcer,  Called  in  French  Dartre 
farineux,^  which  broke  out  near  the  Elbow,  and  which  affected 
me  in  Ireland.  I  am  going  thro'  a  course  of  Medicine  and 
so  strict  a  Diet  that  in  3  months  I  am  not  to  taste  a  bit  of 
Meat  nor  a  drop  of  wine  or  any  other  liquor.  It's  much  to 
be  dreaded  I  shan't  succeed  to  remove  it  compleatly.  These 
kind  of  Eruptions  proceed  from  an  acrimonious  quality  of  the 
blood  seldom  to  be  entirely  cured.  I've  been  busy  while  in 
Paris  in  seeing  my  acquaintance.  Was  introduced  to  the 
Ministers  with  great  encomiums  on  my  talents,  but  confined 
to  our  .  .  .  little  possibility  of  advancing.  I've  now  leisure 
to  read,  and  do  apply  with  unrelaxed  zeal  to  acquire  every- 
thing that  may  prove  useful  hereafter  in  my  profession.  The 
Eegt.  is  indeed  on  a  mighty  indifferent  footing,  and  our  Duke 
[Fitz James],  who  is  very  friendly  to  me,  is  not  a  man  to  feel 
nor  think.  He  was  vastly  pleased  with  your  present  of  Eum, 
and  desires  me  to  return  y''  thanks. 

D.  O'CONNELL. 

My  best  Wishes  to  Brother  Morgan  and  Catty,  and  to  our 
Tarmon  friends.  I  write  to  James  Baldwin  of  this.  .  .  . 
Eemember  me  to  Maurice  Charles. 

The  wild  boy  Eugene,  of  whom  his  terribly  sober  uncle 

predicted  such  sad  things,  turned  out  very  well,  and  died  a 

British  colonel. 

»  Eczema.— [S.] 


In  the  Irish  Brigade.  195 

My  hero  was  quite  consistent  in  "  damning  vices  he  had 
no  mind  to."  He  had  a  positively  morbid  horror  of  drink, 
the  besetting  sin,  indeed,  of  our  countrymen.  His  poor  brother- 
in-law,  Tim  McCarthy,  was  a  worthy,  good  sort  of  man  in  every 
way  except  a  propensity  for  punch,  which  was  not  supposed 
at  all  shameful  by  his  friends  in  general.  At  that  time,  of 
course,  the  tendency,  if  not  checked,  would  have  ruined  Eugene, 
and  I  think  his  uncle  contrived  very  well  to  keep  it  in  check. 
I  let  the  lecture  stand,  with  this  qualifying  adjunct  as  to 
Eugene's  future  bravery  and  success,  and  will  add  that  his 
poor  father  is  not  to  be  supposed  a  gambler  and  a  scapegrace 
because  the  boy  was  such  for  a  time. 

Calais,  July  the  6'\  1776. 

My  Deaeest  Brother, — Eobin  Conway  has  just  sent  me 
inclosed  y"^  most  feeling  letter  of  y*'  IS^*"  of  last  Month,  w'^  tore 
my  heart  to  pieces.  How  shall  I  atone  for  the  uneasiness  I 
caused  the  tenderest  of  brothers  by  assuring  you,  as  mentioned 
in  my  last  from  Cambray,!that  I  had  wrote  by  a  Mr,  Tully,  of 
the  County  Wexford,  a  clergyman  bound  for  Dublin  or  Corke, 
as  an  opportunity  should  offer  at  Havre  ?  My  telling  you  in 
that  letter  that  you  shu'd  hear  no  more  from  me  until  I  was 
able  to  inform  you  of  the  changes  likely  to  take  place,  and 
my  being  foolishly  confidant  that  gentleman  wu'd  not  fail 
forwarding  it,  is  but  a  slender  apology,  and  Satisfies  me  but 
little ;  however  clearly  it  must  prove  to  my  dear  Brother  that 
I  did  not  mean  to  be  neglectfull,  and  most  unworthy,  no  Doubt, 
must  I  be,  if  capable  of  not  feeling  in  the  most  lively  manner 
the  obliging  solicitude  and  the  melting  expressions  of  his 
Letter.  Believe,  then,  my  D',  D'  Maurice,  that  it's  from  the 
bottom  of  the  fondest  heart  I  ...  in  your  Anxiety  and  most 
solemnly  protest  to  you  it  now  makes  me  as  miserable  as 
you  cu'd  have  been,  nor  shall  my  mind  be  at  rest  till  you 
assure  me  you're  perfectly  satisfied  I  am  no  further  blamable 
than  for  not  having  wrote  by  Post  rather  than  by  any  other 
Channel — a  fault  which  hereafter  I  shall  most  carefully  avoid, 
if  my  dearest  Brother  will  but  forgive  the  Present. 

The  Eegiment  arrived  here  on  the  26^**  ultimo.  When  I 
wrote  my  last  we  were  as  yet  ignorant  that  we  shu'd  change 
garrisons.  However,  this  has  turned  out  pretty  favourably  for 
me,  the  bad  state  of  my  health  making  it  absolutely  neces- 
sary that  I  should  take  the  Sea  Baths.  I  am  now,  thank 
God,  some  days  past  much  better,  my  breast  stronger,  my 
appetite  recovering,  still  bound  to  a  Vegetable  Diet,  and  total 


196       Tlie  Last   Colonel  of  the  Irish  Brigade. 

abstinence  from  Wine,  which  you  know  to  be  no  hardship  on 
me.  My  daily  bathing  and  slender  food,  joined  to  a  good 
deal  of  exercise,  has  Emaciated  me  a  good  deal,  but  that's 
soon  made  up  when  the  Constitution  is  settled.  I  shall  have 
much  to  do  to  exterpate  the  Levain  which  has  corrupted  my 
blood,  and  which  is  to  be  attributed  to  my  East  India  suffer- 
ings, and  my  daily  wasting  myself  in  the  practise  and 
functions  of  my  employment,  for  which  I've  been  but  ill 
rewarded.  Experience  makes  me  wise.  Nunquam  sera  est  ad 
honos  mores  via,  which  I  construe  thus:  "Better  late  than 
never."  I  was  never  so  near  home  in  garrison  as  now,  but 
the  vicinity  avails  little  when  not  Master  to  make  use  of  it, 
as  I  can  wish.  Was  I  as  free  as  you,  and  unrestrained,  how 
briskly  shu'd  I  skip  along  the  watery  surface  to  Embrace  my 
friends  at  Darrinane  !  Give  'em  all  my  most  warm  love — 
all,  that  is,  my  Mother  and  Sister.  Love  to  B""  Morgan  and 
wife,  Nancy,  etc.  Tell  Betty  her  son  ^  is  well  and  Ofl&cer  in 
Walsh's  Eegiment,  with  an  appointment  of  60'\  3  pound  st.,  a 
month,  which  will  make  him  hereafter  ever  independent  of 
the  World  if  an  unhappy  propensity  to  family  failings  does 
not  destroy  him,  and  get  the  better  of  Admonitions  and 
Example,  w*"''  I  venture  to  say  I  have  always  given  him,  but 
I  am  not  further  accountable  for  his  future  welfare,  nor  bound 
to  be  for  ever  his  slave.  He  is  still  here  with  me,  as  his  Eeg' 
is  at  Libourne,  near  Bordeaux,  and  a  likelihood  of  its  coming 
down  to  this  Country.  I  wrote  to  [Walsh]  Count  de  Serrant 
for  leave  to  keep  him  here  till  then,  in  order  to  save  me  the 
vast  Expences  of  sending  him  240  or  250  Leagues,  which, 
besides  Equipping  him,  falls  indeed  too  heavy  on  my  purse. 
W^hen  next  I  go  to  Ireland,  if  Jeffrey  Maurice's  son  promice 
well,  I  shall  make  an  Effort  to  bring  him  out,  and  then  think 
I've  paid  my  tribute  till  better  times  enable  me  to  do  more. 
The  Death  of  Cousin  Daniel  Connell,  of  Ballinabloun,  tho' 
expected  some  time  past,  still  call'd  forth  from  me  the  tribute 
of  concern  due  to  a  relation  and  an  honest  man,  the  last 
almost  of  my  poor  Father's  contemporaries.  Let  me  know  in 
your  next  how  he  disposed  of  his  affairs,  and  whether  he  has 
bequeathed  anything  to  Charles  Phillip,  for  whom  I  form 
many  sanguine  wishes.  How  does  our  brother-in-law  mean 
to  settle  ?  and  where  ?  Many  good  wishes  to  him  and  Dan 
Connell,  Tom  Conway  and  Cousin  Maur.  Charles.  Farewell, 
Dearest,  Dearest  Brother,  farewell.     Love  me  as  I  love  you. 

D.  O'CONNELL. 

Were   it   possible  you'd   bring  your   heart  to  forget  the 
faults  of  the   unfortunate  Widow   Leary,   charity   and   her 

^  This  is  the  handsome  wild  boy,  Eugene  McCarthy. 


In  the  Irish  Brigade.  197 

misery  and  misfortunes  call  upon  you  for  mercy.  I  wish  it 
may  be,  cu'd  be,  but  dare  not  urge  it  from  a  sence  of  her 
offences  ;  however,  from  my  D""  Maurice's  good  heart  any- 
thing may  be  expected.  Follow  but  its  dictates,  and  I'll 
venture  to  affirm  you'll  forgive. 

It  was  many  a  day  yet  before  this  high-spirited,  wilful 
woman  and  Maurice  made  friends.  Her  offence  was  marrying 
in  opposition  to  her  family  when  she  was  first  a  widow.  Her 
"  misery  "  was  of  the  heart,  not  of  the  pocket ;  for  she  was  left 
well  off. 

Calais,  Sep""  y^  26'^  1776. 

My  Dr.  Brother, — I  reed,  in  due  time  both  your  letters, 
and  rejoiced  to  hear  you  are  all  well.  It's  happy  my  Mother's 
Accident  has  been  attended  with  no  bad  consequence. 

I  am  now  perfectly  recovered,  and  live  as  freely  as  you 
reccommend.  Your  opinion  of  diet  and  the  Medical  tribe  was 
also  mine  till  experience  proved  to  me  the  use  of  both.  I 
am  persuaded  Diet  is  a  sovereign  remedy  in  most  disorders, 
and  perhaps  the  only,  or  at  least  the  chief,  one  that  nature 
intended  for  the  use  of  man,  most  disorders  proceeding  from 
an  irregular  unabstimious  mode  of  living.  The  Regt.  parts 
on  Sunday  next,  the  29"',  for  Douay,  where  I  shall  pass  the 
winter.  I,  however,  purpose  taking  a  tour  to  Paris  towards 
the  New  Year.  I  have  had  some  invitations  to  pass  the 
Winter,  but  have  no  Semestre,  so  am  under  a  necessity  of 
remaining  with  the  Reg^  M.  le  Comte  de  Maillebois,  son  to 
the  famous  Marshal  of  that  name,  and  himself  the  man  of 
the  highest  Military  repute  among  us,  commanded  here  this 
summer.  Upon  some  acquaintance  he  was  pleased  to  dis- 
tinguish me,  and  gave  me  a  memorial,  demanding  a  Majority 
for  me.  What  the  result  may  be  I  know  not.  There's  none 
vacant  in  our  Brigade,  and  I  fear  my  quality  of  a  foreigner 
will  prove  gyi  obstacle  in  a  French  Reg',  but  whatever  be  the 
result,  it's  vastly  flattering  to  have  been  proposed  by  an 
Officer  of  that  rank  and  merit.  It's  principally  on  that 
account  that  I  intend  making  an  Excursion  to  Paris.  This 
you'll  keep  to  yourself.  Young  Falvey  was  near  being  carried 
off  here  by  a  putrid  fever,  brought  on  thro'  his  own  impru- 
dence. He  had  at  first  but  a  Tertian  Ague,  which  is  very 
common  on  the  Sea  Coast  of  Flanders,  and  particularly  in 
this  town.  No  arguments  cu'd  prevail  on  him  to  observe  a 
Diet  till  he  relapsed  in  a  most  violent  manner,  and  was  for 
many  Days  in  the  highest  danger.  He  is  recovering,  but  I 
fear  will  not  be  able  to  march  off  with  us,  and  must  remain 


198       The  Laat  Colonel  of  the  Irish  Brigade. 

here   until  he  gathers  strength.     Give   his  father  my  best 
Compliments,  and  let  him  know  this  fit  of  sickness  has  cost 
the  boy  £10,  which  the  Eeg^  advanced  him,  and  it's  absolutely 
necessary  he  shu'd  add  this  sum  Extraordinary  to  the  next 
remittance  to  be  made  him,  otherwise  it  would  be  impossible 
he  should  acquit  them.     Now,  my  D'  Brother,  between  you 
and  me,  I  fear  this  young  man  will  never  be  prudent,  nor 
prove   any  great   matter.     He   seems   now  somewhat   more 
sensible  of  his  past  misconduct,  but  I  can't  depend  much  on 
his  promices.     I  think  for  the  present  you  will  do  better  not 
to  tell  his  father  so,  but  rather  urge  him  to  send  the  £10 
Extraordinary,   as   they   are   really  indispensible.     Let   my 
friend  Mick  Falvey  know  I've  been  always  waiting  to  see  and 
obtain  a  Commission  for  his  son  in  Royal  Suedois,  but  it's  now 
impossible — none  but  Sweeds  or  Germans  can  be  admitted. 
He  must,  therefore,  drop  all  hopes  that  way,  and  strike  out 
some  other  plan.     If  he  intends  him  for  the  Service,  he  had 
better  send  him  for  a  year  to  the  Barbets  of  St.  Omer's,  and 
then  to  Walshe's  Reg^  as  a  Cadet,  if  he  can  be  admitted. 
There  is  a  Cadet  to  each  company,  and  with  12  Sols  pay. 
They  are  regularly  to  be  promoted  by  seniority,  except  mis- 
conduct should  cause  one  or  the  other  to  be  passed  by.     No 
young  man  whatsoever  can  be  made  an  Officer  offhand  as 
heretofore  ;  he  must  go  thro'  the  devoirs  of  Cadet.     I  request 
you'll  give  Mick  Falvey  this  detail,  and  assure  him  that  I 
shu'd  be  happy  to  have  it  in  my  power  to  comply  with  his 
request. 

I  am  glad  to  hear  Morgan  has  given  you  a  namesake  [his 
second  son,  who  died  in  the  West  Indies].  He  may  now  hang 
up  his  Armour  like  a  gladiator  who  has  given  ample  proofs 
of  military  prowess.  This,  however,  with  due  submission  to 
my  mother,  and  with  proper  restrictions  in  favour  of  his 
Wife.  Farewell,  my  Dear  Brother.  My  Duty  and  Love  to 
my  Mother,  and  most  tender  Affections  to  my  Sister,  not 
forgetting  our  friends  at  Carhen,  Tarmons,  etc.  Eugene  is 
with  his  reg'  at  Baupaume,  near  Arras.  He  is  well,  and 
Count  de  Serrant  has  given  me  a  favourable  account  of  him. 
I  wish  he  may  continue  to  deserve  it.  FitzMaurice  and 
Barry  are  his  friends  as  much  as  I  cu'd  be  ;  so  is  Chevalier 
Mahony,  who  is  Captain  en  Second.  Farewell.  No  news 
here.  Some  hopes  of  war,  and  an  anxious  Expectation  of  the 
result  of  the  ...  I  shall  write  once  a  month,  and  request 
you'll  be  exact  ...  I  am  as  usual. 

Your  most  affectionate  Brother, 

D.  O'CONNELL. 

The  next  letter  refers  to  our  hero's  desire  to  serve  in 


In  the  Irish  Brigade.  199 

America.  To  tell  the  truth,  he  does  not  seem  to  have  been 
specially  interested  in  the  rights  of  the  war,  but  to  have  had 
a  purely  professional  desire  to  see  service. 

Gravelines,  X""  O'",  1776. 

My  Dear  Brother, — Having  nothing  Material  to  inform 
you  of,  I  deferred  writing  to  you  this  time  past,  and  now  lay 
hold  of  the  conveniency  that  offers  to  avoid  you  unnecessary 
expence.  This  part  of  the  World  affords  nothing  new,  except 
many  military  preparations,  which  are  common  all  over 
Europe,  and  portend  a  War  before  long.  In  the  Interim  we 
here  remain  in  anxious  expectations  till  the  trumpet  sounds 
and  calls  us  forth.  Among  other  considerations,  the  great 
appearance  of  war  at  home  has  determined  me  to  decline 
offers  seemingly  very  advantageous  made  me  by  the  Emissary 
of  the  American  Congress,  and  which  Major  Conway  has 
accepted,  and  is  now  parted.  I  must  add,  my  D""  Brother, 
that  I  wished  your  approbation  before  I  took  that  step.  If, 
therefore,  the  prospect  of  War  shu'd  vanish  at  home,  be  not 
surprised,  my  D""  Brother,  to  see  me  undertake  a  Foreign 
Enterprise,  the  rather  than  spend  the  remaining  part  of  my 
youth  in  inaction.  If  fortune  should  prove  favourable,  I  may 
have  it  in  my  power  to  help  my  family,  and  at  worse  I  run 
no  other  risk  than  what's  common  to  every  military  man.  I 
hope  soon  to  hear  from  you,  my  Jy  Brother,  and  heartily  wish 
the  bearer  may  arrive  safe  and  without  accident.  The  Reg* 
is  come  here  about  a  fortnight  since.  How  long  we  remain 
I  can  not  say.  I  purpose  making  a  tour  to  Paris  next 
month  to  see  my  friends  and  acquaintances,  and  to  examine 
what's  brewing.  I  shall  also  have  some  Conversation  with 
the  American  Envoy.  From  there  you'll  receive  my  next. 
Morgan  wrote  to  me  some  time  since  from  Corke,  to  acquaint 
me  of  the  pleasing  circumstance  (his  own  words)  of  a  young 
Son.  The  bearer  carries  my  congratulatory  answer.  My 
Sister  has  no  doubt  ere  now  reed,  my  letter  from  Douay.  I 
hope  the  want  of  any  material  subject  will  be  a  sufficient 
apology  for  my  writing  so  seldom  to  her  and  to  my  Mother. 
It's  with  the  deepest  concern  I've  learned  that  your  measures 
in  favour  of  our  Cousin  Jeffrey  Maurice  have  proved  fruitless. 
My  heart  bleeds  for  the  poor  man's  sad  and  pityable  situation. 
I  wish,  my  D""  Brother,  you  may  bring  his  Eldest  boy  to 
Darrinane,  and  take  some  care  of  his  Education  for  a  year  or 
two,  and  then  send  him  over  to  me,  if  you  judge  him  qualified, 
either  from  his  parts  or  figure,  for  a  soldier.  I  hope  with  the 
divine  assistance  to  be  able  to  put  him  in  the  way  of  decent 
bread.     If  you  find  it  convenient  to  comply  with  this  request. 


200       The  Last  Colonel  of  the  Irish  Brigade. 

I  shall  expect  you'll  keep  him  as  much  as  possible  under  your 
own  eyes,  and  from  every  example  of  vice  or  low  beheaviour. 
Farewell,  my  Dear  Brother.  Your  approved  good  dispositions 
make  me  confident  that  my  application  on  this  occasion  will 
not  be  disagreable.  Besides  the  pleasure  produced  by  a 
good  action,  [which]  is  the  purest  enjoyment  of  life,  Nature 
and  humanity  call  upon  you  to  help  the  poor  man's  distressed 
young  family.  Adieu,  my  D%  D'  Brother.  No  words  can 
convey  the  warm  emotions  of  a  heart  for  ever  your  own. 

D.  O'CONNELL. 

I  wrote  by  this  hand  to  my  Mother.  Eemember  me 
most  kindly  to  all  friends,  not  forgetting  Ma"*  Charles.  Tell 
Abbe  Moriarty  I  beg  to  be  remembered  in  his  prayers. 
Jemmy  Baldwin  charged  me  to  see  the  Hon'^'*^  W  Southwell, 
and  to  make  some  Enquiry  concerning  his  Estate.  I  did,  and 
mentioned  since  what  I  learned  of  it.  I  hope  my  letter  came 
to  hand. 

It  seems  a  great  pity  that  my  hero  did  not,  after  all,  get  a 
chance  of  serving  under  Washington,  whose  genius  he  early 
recognized.  All  his  life  he  seems  to  have  had  a  hankering 
after  the  Russian  Service,  whence  doubtless  the  fame  of 
the  brave  deeds  and  brilliant  success  of  the  Lacys  came  to 
inflame  the  Irish  cavaliers  of  fortune  all  over  Europe ;  but 
he  never  succeeded  in  carrying  out  this  notion. 

I  cannot  better  close  the  record  of  1776  than  with  the 
following  notice  of  "  Berwick's." 

O'Callaghan  (p.  603)  quotes  thus  the  English  traveller, 
Mr.  Thicknesse's,  description  of  the  Irish  officers  of  "  Ber- 
wick's" quartered  in  Calais  ("Journey  through  France  and 
Part  of  Spain  ").  Under  the  head  of  "  Calais,  November  4, 
1776,"  he  observes — 

"  I  found  Berwick's  Regiment  on  duty  in  this  town.  It  is 
commanded  by  Mons.  le  Due  de  FitzJames,  and  a  number  of 
Irish  gentlemen,  my  countrymen  (for  so  I  will  call  them). 
You  can  easily  imagine  that  men  who  possess  the  natural 
hospitality  of  their  own  country,  with  the  politeness  and  good 
breeding  of  this,  must  be  very  agreeable  acquaintances  in 
general ;  but  I  am  bound  to  go  further,  and  to  say  that  I  am 
endeared  to  them  by  marks  of  true  friendship.  The  King  of 
France  nor  any  prince  in  Euroj^e  cannot  boast  of  troops 
better  disciplined ;  nor  is  the  king  insensible  of  their  merits, 


In  the  Irish  Brigade.  201 

for  I  have  lately  seen  a  letter  written  by  the  king's  command, 
from  Comte  de  St.  Germain,  addressed  to  the  officers  of  one 
of  these  corps,  whereby  it  appears  the  king  is  truly  sensible 
of  their  distinguished  merit,  for  braver  men  there  are  not  in 
any  service.  What  an  acquisition  to  France  !  What  a  loss 
to  Britain  !  " 

Paris,  January  the  25,  1777. 

Some  days  before  my  departure  from  Gravelines,  where 
the  regiment  now  lies,  I  re"^  my  D""  Brother's  Letter  of  9*^° 
Last,  to  which,  according  to  his  desire,  I  deffered  announcing 
untill  I  had  seen  my  friends  here.  I  had  formed  a  design  of 
going  to  America,  but  on  such  advantageous  terms  only  as 
might  justify  my  taking  that  step.  Everything  promised  me 
the  greatest  success,  when  on  a  Sudden  our  Court  came  to 
the  resolution  to  deny  them  any  help,  at  least  openly.  I 
was  to  be  made  a  Colonel  here,  and  to  be  employed  in  that 
Country  as  Major  General,  i.e.  Quarter  Master  General  of 
the  foot,  but  being  refused  the  confirmation  of  the  rank  of 
Colonel  in  consequence  of  the  above  resolution,  I  thought  it 
prudent,  and  so  have  my  friends,  to  lay  aside  all  thoughts  of 
going  over  merely  on  the  promices  of  Emissaries  vested  with 
powers  vastly  limited.  If  hereafter  our  Court  shu'd  alter  its 
plan,  I  shall  willingly  jump  at  every  oppertunity  of  promo- 
tion and  glory. 

M.  de  Maillebois  honours  me  with  a  continuance  of  his 
favour,  and  has  presented  me  to  both  Ministers  with  the 
highest  encomiums.  Many  fair  promices  have  been  made  me, 
and  assurances  that  my  talents  shu'd  not  remain  unrewarded, 
but  such  is  the  Sun  of  Courts,  and  so  predominant  is  faction 
and  intrigue,  in  time  of  peace  particularly,  that  the  nobility 
invade  every  post  of  honour  or  profit,  and  leave  us  private 
officers  but  the  dangers,  labour,  and  fatigues.  Scarse  is  a 
place  vacant  when  obtained  by  a  Person  at  Court  for  some 
needy  relation,  and  when  we  make  our  application  it  always 
comes  too  late.  Nothing,  in  truth,  but  the  invincible  passion 
for  glory  and  military  honours  can  urge  a  man  to  labour 
against  such  difficulties.  However,  in  my  case  I  hope  at 
length  to  overcome  them.  I  shall  remain  here  until  April 
in  close  attendance  on  Count  de  Maillebois — happy  I  can  make 
him  my  patron.  I  lodge  with  Chev.  Mahony,  whose  friendship 
and  attention  for  me  none  but  yours  can  equal.  His  friends, 
who  are  numerous  and  of  the  first  rank,  become  also  mine. 
No  young  man  of  his  country  this  century  more  esteem'd  and 
beloved,  and  there's  every  prospect  of  his  making  a  handsome 
fortune,  if  promotion  and  favour  without  much  money  can  be 


202       The  Last  Colonel  of  the  Irish  B7igade. 

so  called.  His  Eevenue  is  about  £200  English  a  year,  which 
is  but  short  for  the  company  he  sees.  He  has  been  introduced 
to  the  royal  family,  and  has  the  strongest  reccommendations 
from  Vienna  thro'  Count  Mahony's  ^  care  and  interest.  I  wish 
from  the  bottom  of  my  heart  they  may  not  prove  fruitless. 

I  am  sorry  to  inform  Cousin  Eick  Council  that  there's  no 
sort  of  encouragement  to  be  expected  here,  nor,  I  believe,  in 
Germany.  As  he  is  determined  to  try  fortune,  I  think  America 
is  now  the  only  theatre  where  bravery  and  Conduct  can  open 
a  road  for  a  young  man  destitute  of  money  or  friends  in  power. 
Was  there  the  least  chance  of  his  doing  anything  here,  I 
shu'd  warmly  press  him  to  come  over,  and  shu'd  with  pleasure 
share  my  Slender  means  with  him ;  but  in  truth  I  see  no  hopes. 
If,  however,  he  wishes  otherwise,  I  shall  not  attempt  to 
dissuade  him  from  it.  He  may  rely  on  finding  a  true  friend 
in  me.  Mr.  .  .  .  has  played  a  new  trick.  He  shut  himself 
up  with  a  boy  of  sixteen,  officer  in  his  Reg*,  and  played  till  he 
won  of  him  500  Livres.  I  have  had  him  put  into  prison.  He 
shall  there  remain  3  months.  I  fear  he  will  never  be  reformed, 
and  will  be  at  length  turned  out  of  his  Eeg^  Poor  Tom 
FitzMaurice  does  every  thing  he  can  to  correct  him,  but  to 
no  purpose.  Farewell,  my  I)^  D"  Brother.  My  Duty  to  my 
mother,  and  most  tender  affections  to  my  Sister,  etc.  Believe 
me  for  ever. 

Most  unalterably  your  own  fond  brother, 

D.  O'CONNELL. 

Tom  FitzMaurice  has  not  a  shilling  besides  his  pay  that 
I  know  off.  Address  to  me  at  Gravelines.  Chev.  Mahony 
salutes  you  most  kindly.  I  yesterday  had  a  letter  from 
Cousin  Morty,  from  Germany.  Many  kind  Comp^^  to  my 
Aunt,  Dan,  etc. 

The  next  letter  contains  a  brief  notice  of  our  hero's  first 
appearance  at  court,  attaining  merely,  however,  to  the  outer 
circles.  The  innermost  circle  was  only  to  be  approached 
through  the  Heralds'  Office,  and  was  yet  beyond  his  reach. 

Paris,  March  the  10'^  1777. 
I  reed,  some  days  since  my  D""  Brother's  letter  of  the  2"*^ 
february,  and  am  glad  to  hear  the  conveyance  which  carried 
my  Packet  from  Gravelines  arrived  safe.  I  can't  but  feel 
with  the  deepest  sense  of  gratitude  your  kind  anxiety  with 
respect  to  the  loss  I  suffered  thro'  the  roguery  of  my  servant. 
It's  true  he  robbed  me  of  almost  the  whole  of  my  wearing 

*  Count  O'Mahony,  son  of  "  le  brave  O'Mahony,"  of  Cremona  renown 
(see  p.  320),  was  Spanish  Ambassador  at  Vienna. 


In  the  Irish  Brigade.  203 

apparell,  Linen,  stockings,  and  every  thing  he  thought  worth 
carrying  off,  among  which  my  sword  gave  me  particular  con- 
cern, but,  tho'  considerable  the  loss,  I've  still  repaired  it 
without  incurring  any  Debts,  and  am  now  sufficiently  stocked 
with  every  thing  necessary.  It's  true  I  was  obliged  to  lay 
out  in  that  way  the  money  I  had  brought  with  me  from 
Darinane,  which  might  doubtless  have  been  better  employed, 
but  I  cu'd  not  have  foreseen  nor  prevented  that  Accident. 
Our  lives  and  fortunes  are  always  in  the  power  of  those  that 
no  consideration  of  honour  nor  fear  of  God  restrains.  To 
some  we  needs  must  trust,  and  all  that  we  can  do  is  to  be 
guided  by  prudence  in  our  choice.  The  fellow  who  so  basely 
betrayed  me  deceived  every  one.  No  man  bore  the  appear- 
ance of  honesty  and  fidelity  more  than  him.  I  was  indeed 
unwilling  to  let  you  know  it,  well  knowing  it  would  give  you 
more  trouble  than  it  gave  me,  and  determined  not  to  trouble 
you  so  soon,  after  all  the  favours  you  had  just  heaped  on  me. 
^Economy  is  a  never-failing  resource.  My  expences  I  imme- 
diately reduced  by  one  half.  That  way  I've  continued  till 
my  arrival  here.  I  assure  you  on  my  honour  I  don't  owe  a 
penny,  and  have  no  sort  of  calls  for  the  present.  If  my 
affairs  require,  I  shall  come  here  for  a  part  of  next  winter  (as 
probably  will  be  the  case).  I  shall  then  receive,  with  my  usual 
sentiments,  what  you  can,  without  inconvenieucy  to  yourself, 
be  able  to  spare  me,  and  most  earnestly  request  you  do  no 
more.  By  remaining  with  the  Corps  I  have  no  wants,  and 
my  sole  motive  in  coming  here  is  the  pursuit  of  promotion. 
It's  but  just  to  sacrifice  that  end  to  your  more  immediate 
calls.  M.  de  Maillebois  honours  me  with  a  particular  friend- 
ship. He  carried  me  to  Court,  introduced  me  to  both 
Ministers  with  such  praises  as  give  me  room  to  expect  may 
have  some  effect  when  they  come  from  an  Officer  of  his 
Weight  and  Distinction.  There's  no  Majority  vacant  in  the 
Brigade,  and  it's  a  matter  of  the  greatest  difficulty  to  obtain 
it  in  the  French  Regiments  for  a  Stranger.  It's  nevertheless 
my  aim.  Places  more  honourable  I  cu'd  obtain,  but  as  they 
require  a  vast  expence,  and  give  little  or  no  pay,  I  can't  think 
of  accepting  them.  In  this  unhappy  country  nothing  can  be 
done  but  thro'  intrigue  and  importunity.  The  young  men  of 
the  Court  engross  everything.  Before  we  can  be  apprized 
of  the  vacancy  they  have  already  the  promice.  Shu'd  I  from 
a  disgust  relinquish  my  demands,  why  then  I  must  sit  down 
all  my  life  and  die  a  Captain,  or  at  most  a  Lieut.-Colonel, 
like  the  man  who  can  scarse  sign  his  name — a  circumstance 
truly  hard  to  be  borne  with.  Patience  alone  and  persever- 
ance can  overcome  these  Difficulties. 


204       The  Last  Colonel  of  the  Irish  Brigade. 

I  shall  think  no  more  of  my  American  plan,  as  my  Jy 
Brother  wishes ;  but  I  differ  quite  in  opinion  with  him  with 
regard  to  the  event  of  the  War.  Tho'  feeble  and  unsoldierly 
the  efforts  they  have  hitherto  made,  still,  if  Washington 
pursues  the  plan  he  hitherto  seems  to  have  adopted,  and  that 
the  inhabitants  of  that  country  do  not  fall  off,  it's  almost 
impossible  that  England  can  support  the  enormous  expence 
attending  that  War.  The  late  check  received  by  the  Hessians 
proves  that  there's  still  a  degree  of  spirit,  and  some  notion  of 
discipline,  in  the  Eebel  army. 

Chev.  Mahony  gives  you  his  best  compliments,  and  requests 
you'll  be  so  kind  as  to  see  Mr.  French,  Merchant,  in  Corke, 
and  know  from  him  whether  Mr.  George  Woulfe,  of  Paris,  re- 
mitted him  2000  Livres,  French,  to  be  paid  to  Messrs.  Mahony, 
of  Tranlanloe,  heirs  to  Mr.  Mahony  who  died  a  Lieut. - 
Colonel  in  the  Spanish  Service.  This  gentleman  appointed 
Count  Mahony,  the  Ambassador  at  Vienna,  his  Executor,  and 
the  Ambassador  charged  Chev.  Mahony  to  remit  the  heirs' 
said  sum  of  2000  Livres,  which  remained  in  his  hands.  This 
money  Mr.  Woulfe  remitted  Mr.  French  .  .  .  months  ago 
for  that  purpose,  and  has  no  account  from  him  as  yet.  I 
request,  my  jy  Brother,  you'll  loose  no  time  in  making  the 
necessary  enquiries  about  this  Matter,  and  let  me  know  it. 

I  am  sorry  to  tell  you  there's  nothing  to  be  done  about 
the  Burse  founded  by  J)^  Connell,  of  St.  Denis,  untill  there's 
a  Certainty  of  the  Death  of  his  Nephew,  to  whom  he  left  his 
fortune.  Doctor  Connell,  of  Corke,  was  charg'd  to  make  the 
proper  enquiries  at  home,  and  those  who  may  be  concerned 
hereafter  wu'd  do  well  to  take  every  step  to  obtain  a  certainty 
of  his  Death.  Till  then  there's  no  chance  for  their  children. 
Farewell,  my  D'  Brother.  Be  so  kind  as  to  send  my  complete 
Baptisterium,  and  let  it  be  dated  for  the  year  1747,  January, 
February,  or  March.  I  also  beg  you  may  send,  out  of  the 
Herald's  office,  our  Arms,  correctly  drawn  out,  and  be  pre- 
pared one  of  these  days  to  send  me  our  Genealogy.  It's  a 
tiling  very  necessary  in  this  country.  Adieu,  my  D"^  Brother. 
I  shall  be  at  Gravelines  towards  the  1*'  of  April,  and  hope 
soon  to  hear  from  you.  My  tender  affect,  wishes  to  my 
Mother,  Sister,  etc.     Believe  me,  as  usual. 

Your  fond  and  obliged  brother, 

D.  O'CONNELL. 

Gravelines,  May  17"',  1777. 

I  receiv'^  my  D'  Brother's  letter  of  the  27"'  March,  and 
have  made,  in  consequence,  every  possible  enquiry  to  be  able 
to  answer  with  a  degree  of  certainty  to  M'  Hugh  Falvey's 


In  the  Irish  Brigade.  205 

desire  of  my  pointing  out  the  most  Eligible  place  for  the 
instruction  of  his  Son.  Blois  is  by  no  means  to  be  thought 
of,  tho'  it  might  have  some  reputation  in  the  former  periods 
of  the  French  Monarchy.  It's  now  but  a  poor  contemptible 
Country  Town,  altogether  unprovided  with  any  means  of 
information.  Angers,  Dijon,  and  Caen,  in  Normandy,  are 
flourishing  cities,  well  inhabited,  and  the  residence  of  many 
people  of  fashion.  Each  of  'em  the  Seat  of  a  University;  but 
Dijon  is,  in  my  opinion,  preferable  to  either,  and  indeed  to 
most  places  in  the  Kingdom,  or  any  other,  for  a  person  whom 
I  suppose  to  have  already  made  a  proficiency  in  the  study  both 
of  Law  and  the  Belles  Lettres.  'Tis  a  BishojDrick,  the  Seat 
of  a  Parliament,  the  place  of  assembly  of  the  provincial 
States,  an  University,  and  besides  is  possessed  of  an  Academy 
of  Belles  Lettres,  which  makes  no  despicable  figure  in  the 
republick  of  Letters.  It  contains,  besides,  many  curious 
remains  of  Antiquity,  having  been  in  former  ages  the  resi- 
dence of  the  Sovereigns  of  Burgundy. 

With  respect  to  polite  Education,  he  will  find  out  every 
oppertunity  of  good  company,  which  he  can,  provided  he 
makes  himself  agreable  by  modesty,  affability,  and  delicate 
attention  to  the  Ladies.  He  must  avoid  with  particular  care 
excesses  in  Drinking,  or  any  low  Debauchery,  which,  tho' 
overlooked  in  our  country,  begets  a  lasting  contempt  amongst 
the  French.  Many  English  he  must  expect  to  meet  there, 
but  if  he  desires  to  reap  a  benefit  from  his  Sejour  in  this 
Country,  and  to  become  conversant  with  the  spirit  and 
manners  of  the  Nation,  he  must  avoid  any  connection  which 
may  tend  to  divert  him  from  that  purpose.  I  make  no  doubt 
but  his  own  good  sense  and  penetration  will  point  out  the 
proper  course  to  be  followed  that  way,  and  make  any  further 
observations  of  mine  quite  unnecessary.  Pray  let  him  know 
that  I'll  be  very  happy  if  you  and  he  will  correspond  with 
me,  and  afford  me  every  oppertunity  of  shewing  him  the 
sincere  regard  I  bear  his  father  and  family.  Jerry  ^  is  per- 
fectly well,  and  Expects  as  well  as  I  to  have  the  pleasure  of 
seeing  him  when  he  comes  over.  This  town  is  but  4  leagues 
from  Calais,  and  a  proper  place  to  rest  himself  for  a  few 
days. 

I  have,  methinks,  Dwelt  sufficiently  on  the  subject.  No 
change  amongst  us  since  my  last.  Major  Conwa,y  is  arrived 
safe  at  his  destination,  and  will,  I  hope,  soon  be  known  in  an 
honourable  light.  I  can't  help  wishing  som'times  to  be  along 
with  him.     Florence  James  Mahony  is  come  over  here,  and 

^  Poor  Jerry  Falvey,  after  his  various  misfortunes,  turned  out  very 
well,  and  persevered  in  his  military  career. 


206       The  Last  Colonel  of  the  Irish  Brigade. 

no  man  can  behave  with  greater  prudence  and  reserve  than 
he  does  hitherto;  whether  or  no  he  may  continue  is  the 
question,  but  the  state  of  his  Affairs  affords  him  no  means 
of  Extravagance.  His  situation  at  his  present  age  is  really 
moving.  It's  impossible  to  deny  him  some  slender  acts  of 
friendship  while  his  beheaviour  reccommends  him.  His 
brother-in-law,  Florence  Mahony,  who  was  also  amongst  us 
here,  has  been  made  a  Sergeant  in  the  Service  of  the  English 
East  India  Company.  This  thro'  the  interposition  of  Captain 
Fagan,  who  spent  the  last  winter  in  London.  Farewell,  my 
D""  Brother.  My  most  Dutiful  Love  to  my  Mother,  and  fond 
affections  to  my  Sister. 

Your  most  affectionate 

D.  O'CONNELL. 

I  entreat  you  may  take  one  of  Jeffrey  Maurice's  sons,  the 
most  promicing  for  parts  and  figure.  Make  him  learn  to 
write  and  cipher,  and  read  English  and  Geography. 

An  interval  of  seventeen  months  in  the  letter-book  is 
followed  by  two  letters  in  one  month.  Letters  have  lately 
turned  up  in  so  many  unexpected  ways  and  places  that  I  am 
disposed  to  consider  that  the  letter-book  does  not  contain 
nearly  all  the  correspondence.  It  probably  consists  of  such 
letters  as  my  dear  old  friend  and  cousin,  Mrs.  Fitz Simon, 
found  and  borrowed,  with  other  papers,  from  her  brother 
Maurice  O'Connell,  of  Darrynane,  for  a  life  of  their  father 
she  began,  but  put  aside,  many  years  ago. 

The  letter  here  quoted  of  October  5,  1778,  is  one  of  the 
most  important  in  the  series,  as  it  embodies  the  sentiments 
of  a  representative  Irish  French  officer,  and  they  are  so 
different  from  what  we  should  suppose  them  to  have  been. 
Against  France,  their  foster-mother,  these  men  would  never 
bear  arms.  They  were  only  too  ready  and  willing  to  serve 
against  all  the  rest  of  the  world  in  the  armies  of  the  British 
king  if  their  faith  were  recognized.  Neither  bigotry  nor  dis- 
loyalty is  discernible  in  their  sentiments.  At  the  same 
time,  when  the  sovereign  of  their  native  land  refuses  to  re- 
ceive them,  they  are  quite  ready  and  willing  to  bear  arms 
against  him.  In  a  few  months  we  find  them  serving  against 
England,  simply  because  they  are  denied  a  sphere  for  their 
energies  at  home. 

The  future  Captain  Kick  incidentally  mentions  our  hero 
in  March,  May,  and  September,  1778,  March  and  June,  1779, 


In  the  Irish  Brigade.  207 

and  January,  1780,  in  a  manner  which  leads  me  to  infer  that 
he  did  not  share  in  any  foreign  expedition  in  those  years. 

Paris,  the  5  8"",  1778. 

I  in  due  course,  my  D'  Brother,  answered  y""  letter  of  the 
3'''^  June  last,  since  which  I've  not  been  favoured  with  a  Line 
from  you,  and  have  not  rec'\  directly  or  indirectly,  the  least 
account  from  my  friends  at  Darinane.  You  can  easily  con- 
ceive how  unpleasing  a  circumstance  this  must  be,  and  how 
uneasy  it  needs  must  make  me.  I  am  inclined  to  believe  my 
letter  to  you  has  miscarryed  ;  therefore  I  address  this  inclosed 
to  my  friend  Fagan,  who  is  now  in  London,  and  send  it  by 
hand  in  order  he  should  put  it  in  the  Post  Ofiice  of  that  City, 
by  which  means  it  cannot  possibly  fail  to  come  to  hands. 

Your  publick  Papers  have  transmitted  here  the  pleasing 
account  of  the  New  Laws  in  favour  of  the  Eoman  Catholicks. 
A  Eevolution  so  unexpected  and  so  long  wished  for  must 
needs  procure,  in  course  of  some  years,  an  accession  to  the 
power  and  prosperity  of  the  Kingdom  of  Ireland,  and  unite 
in  one  common  Sentiment  of  loyalty  the  hearts  of  that  long- 
opposs'd  and  long  unfortunate  Nation.  One  step  more  still 
remains  to  be  made — I  mean  the  Liberty  of  spilling  their 
blood  in  defence  of  their  King  and  Country.  I  doubt  not 
'twill  soon  be  granted,  tho'  no  motive  cu'd  ever  induce  me  to 
bear  arms  against  France,  where  I  early  found  an  Asylum 
when  refused  one  at  home.  I  still  wish  the  prosperity  of 
the  country,  and  at  the  same  time  that  I  pursue  with  in- 
violable fidelity  that  of  my  adopted  King,  Nature,  stronger 
than  reason  or  principle,  still  attaches  my  heart  to  Ireland. 

No  change  in  my  situation  as  yet.  I  hope,  however,  time 
will  make  it  better.  I've  indeed  great  reasons  to  expect  it. 
Many  friends  and  numerous  and  distinguished  acquaintances, 
and,  I  thank  God,  a  well-estabHshed  character.  It's  time. 
I  am  hard  sett  to -weather  it  out,  till  better  times  come  on, 
but  the  sweets  of  ease  will  appear  the  more  savourable  after 
some  distress.  Some  advantages  have  been  lately  offer'd  me 
in  the  East,  but  my  friend  Count  de  Maillebois,  to  whom  I 
am  so  much  indebted,  and  to  whom  I  have  sworn  an  ever- 
lasting attatchment,  wu'd  by  no  means  permit  me  to  Accept. 
The  circumstances  for  and  against  are  too  long  to  be  enter'd 
into  here.  Efforts  will  be  made  this  winter  to  procure  some 
Accession  to  my  appointment ;  till  then  I  must  own  I  shan't 
be  happy  in  mind.  I've  a  great  deal  to  do  to  keep  out  of 
Debt  and  support  the  decency  suitable  to  my  Station  and 
necessary  to  keep  up  an  intercourse  with  my  friends,  tho'  I 
assure  you  that  I've  the  utmost  modesty  in  every  respect,  and 


208       Tilt  Last  Colonel  of  the  Irish  Brigade. 

carry  parsimony  as  far  as  ever  decency  can  admit.  I  with 
impatience  await  the  remittance  you've  been  so  kind  as  to 
promice  me  in  the  course  of  September,  and  pray  you  pre- 
viously to  accept  my  warm  acknowledgements.  Would  to 
God,  my  Dear  Brother,  I  cu'd  at  length  be  no  more  a  burthen 
on  your  good  nature  !  I  feel  and  am  conscious  this  has  been 
too  long  the  case ;  but  then,  what  can  I  do  ?  I  am  equally 
conscious  I've  not  the  least  reproach  to  make  myself.  You 
know  the  world  too  well  to  impute  to  me  what  is  but  the 
effect  of  chance  and  insurmountable  circumstances.  Fare- 
well, my  D'",  Jy  Brother.  My  Duty  to  my  Mother,  Affections 
to  my  Sister,  etc.     Believe  me  during  Life, 

Your   much  obliged  and  most  loving  Brother, 

D.  O'C. 
My  friend,  Chev.  Mahony,  desires  his  affectionate  Comp*^ 
to  you  and  family.  I  hope  my  Sister's  indisposition  is  long 
since  over.  I  request  you'll  endeavour  to  forward  to  Mr. 
Nowlan,  of  London,  by  some  safe  hand,  the  Pedigree.  Capt. 
Fagan  will  take  care  to  have  it  faithfully  delivered  here. 

Paris,  October  the  15'\  1778. 

My  Dr.  Brother, — Yesterday  I  rec*^  yours  of  the  25"* 
Ultimo,  containing  Mr.  George  Goold's  Draft  on  Messrs. 
Dupont  and  Comp.  for  the  sum  of  800'^  I  immediately  pre- 
sented said  bill,  which  was  duly  accepted,  payable  the  20"' 
next  month.  According  to  your  desire,  I  lose  no  time  to  give 
you  the  most  early  notice  thereof,  and  return  you  my  most 
grateful  acknowledgements  for  this  very  necessary  supply. 
You'll  see  by  my  last  how  much  it  was  wanting.  This  winter 
new  Efforts  shall  be  made,  thro'  the  Channel  of  my  friend 

M ,  to  obtain  some  accession  to  my  finances,  the  success 

of  which  you  shall  be  immediately  informed  of,  and  with  the 
greatest  exactness.  Y^'ou  ask  me  whether  he  cu'd  not,  thro' 
his  reccomendations,  have  me  employed  by  others ;  but  the 
nature  of  his  connections,  and  many  other  circumstances 
which  I  cannot  here  mention,  made  it  hitherto  impossible.  I 
have  nothing  to  add  to  what  I  mentioned  in  my  last.  Eick 
Connell  is  arriv'd  a  long  time  since,  and  is  perfectly  well  and 
much  pleased  with  his  new  Station.  I  hope  it  will  be  made 
still  more  agreable  to  him.  If  a  sure  oppertunity  cu'd  be 
met  with,  either  from  Cork  or  Dublin,  for  London,  by  which 
the  Linen  and  Geneaology  prepared  for  me  cu'd  be  trans- 
mitted to  London,  Captain  Fagan,  who  is  there  at  present, 
wu'd  find  several  oppertunities  to  forward  them  here.  I 
suppose  his  mother  has  his  address,  which  I've  not  as  yet. 
Mr.  Nowlan  is  well  acquainted  with  him,  and  wu'd  do  that 


In  the  Irish  Brigade.  209 

business  with  pleasure,  as  he  several  times  assured  me  by 
letter. 

Your  papers  have  no  doubt  mentioned  the  death  of  poor 
Tom  Conway ;  but  tho'  desperate  the  wound  he  received,  he 
is  recovered.  The  ball  got  in  under  his  ear,  and  come  out 
a  little  above  the  temple  on  the  opposite  side.  He  was 
despaired  of  for  a  long  time,  but  there's  a  certainty  of  his 
being  now  perfectly  well. 

The  Campaign  in  Bohemia  is,  I  suppose,  by  now  at  an 
end,  and  the  success  on't  on  the  side  of  his  Imperial  Majesty 
due  to  the  Military  talents  of  Lacy,  who  took  so  good  a  camp 
at  Koniggratz  that  he  cu'd  not  be  dislodged,  and  at  the  same 
time  cover'd  Prague,  while  Loudon  at  the  other  side  inter- 
cepted Prince  Henry.  L*.-General  D'Alton,  our  countryman, 
commanded  at  Arnau,  and  repulsed  with  the  greatest  valour 
and  capacity  several  attacks.  The  possession  of  this  im- 
portant pass  made  the  Junction  of  the  two  brothers  im- 
possible, so  that  our  two  Countrymen  have  shined  this 
Campaign.  Farewell  my  Dear,  Dear  Brother.  All  friends 
here  are  well,  and  desire  to  be  remembered  to  you.  Pray 
remember  me  to  M*"  and  M''^  Willow  when  next  you've  an 
oppertunity.  My  Love  and  Duty  to  my  Mother.  Fond 
affections  to  my  Sister,  etc.  Be  always  persuaded  of  my 
deep  sense  of  gratitude  and  most  unalterable  tenderness  and 
love  for  you. 

D.  O'CONNELL. 

Have  you  seen  Lord  Kenmare  ?  I  wrote  to  Sister  Nancy, 
but  got  no  answer.     Is  she  removed  to  her  new  place  ? 

The  letters  which  have  reached  us  are  few  in  number  for 
the  period  from  1777  to  1783,  and  this  is  the  very  time  during 
which  Rickard  O'Connell's  fluent  pen  fills  up  sundry  missing 
links. 

The  young  soldier  and  tbe  young  physician,  who  figure 
therein,  both  learning  their  trades  in  France,  seem  to  have 
kept  up  a  very  lively  intercourse.  The  wonderful  biographical 
letter  which  my  feminine  prudery  has  caused  me  to  condense 
very  considerably,  was  evidently  written  as  a  confession  and 
a  justification  for  the  edification  of  old  Colonel  James  Conway 
and  my  hero,  for  he  distinctly  states  that,  had  he  not  confided 
all  his  troubles  to  his  dear  Cousin,  Maurice  Leyne,  he  would 
not  have  been  in  France  earning  the  bread  of  a  gentleman. 
The  future  doctor,  clever,  studious,  and  well-conducted,  was 
a  young  man  after  my  hero's  own  heart,  and  he  was  at  hand 

VOL.  I,  p 


210       The  Last  Colonel  of  the  Irish  Brigade. 

to  urge  Rick's  claims  of  friendship  and  kindred.  It  was  no 
small  effort  to  a  man  to  go  and  serve  among  small  boys  as  a 
cadet,  as  Eick  did. 

To  Rick's  fluent  pen  and  close  observation  we  owe  the 
three  line  sketches  of  my  hero,  which  depict  him  at  intervals 
all  through  the  else  almost  unrecorded  years  of  his  life,  while 
he  was  waiting  for  promotion,  watching  opportunities  and 
trying  to  help  his  friends. 

This  Rickard  figures  so  often  in  the  letters,  both  as  writ- 
ing and  as  written  about,  that  I  feel  disposed  to  dwell  at  some 
length  on  his  very  interesting  personality.  By  many  degrees 
the  most  amusing  letters  of  a  somewhat  formal  series  are 
written  by  this  officer  of  the  Irish  Brigade  to  a  kinsman, 
then  a  young  medical  student  in  Paris,  who  was  afterwards 
Dr.  Maurice  Leyne,  of  Tralee,^  a  famous  physician,  some  of 
whose  letters  of  advice  to  Hunting  Cap  I  had  already 
perused.  To  his  grandson,  Mr.  J.  Leyne,  of  the  Registry 
of  Deeds  Office,  Dublin,  I  am  indebted  for  the  loan  of  the 
book  of  copied  letters,  on  which  I  shall  freely  draw.  Would 
that  I  could  recopy  them  in  full !  But  though  Count  O'Con- 
nell's  letters  are  written  so  that  any  Christian  gentlewoman 
can  quote  nearly  every  word,  other  eighteenth-century  gentle- 
men were  not  so  guarded  in  the  expression,  or  so  high-minded 
in  the  conception,  of  their  ideas.  Captain  Rick  was  an 
appalling  flirt,  and  he  suffered  from  some  asthmatic  disorder 
for  which  he  habitually  swallowed  the  queerest  herbal  decoc- 
tions. He  discourses  to  his  cousin  with  great  frankness  of 
both  his  expectorations  and  his  flirtations. 

"  The  light  that  lies 
In  woman's  eyes  " 

was  a  perpetual  and  perilous  Will-o'-the-wisp  to  Captain 
Rickard. 

More  valuable  far  than  formal  panegyrics  written  to 
Hunting  Cap  are  the  young  man's  accounts  of  his  kind 
patron  to  the  other  young  man,  who  was  the  depository  of 
his  confidences  amatory  and  medical.  He  gives  us  precisely 
those  graphic,  unconscious  touches  which  Count  O'Connell 
omits.  We  hear  the  everyday  details  of  foreign  soldiering 
1  See  Note  F,  p.  24G. 


In  tlie  Irish.  Brigade.  211 

from  a  man  who  has  joined  sufficiently  late  in  life  to  note 
them,  whereas  to  a  boy  of  fifteen  or  sixteen  all  such  things 
seem  matters  of  course,  unworthy  of  being  recorded. 

Colonel  Newcome  was  never  kinder  to  a  lad  than  Count 
O'Connell  to  this  engaging  scamp.  *'  Captain  Eick,"  as  he  is 
always  styled,  describes  his  kind  patron  in  the  full-blown 
glories  of  his  first  command,  just  as  he  gives  us  the  most 
graphic  descriptions  of  the  hardships  of  the  drill-ground  and 
the  march.  He  belongs  to  the  family  of  Sir  Lucius  O'Trigger 
and  Charley  O'Malley.  He  possesses  every  attractive  Celtic 
foible  from  which  my  hero  was  free.  I  was  going  to  credit 
the  formal,  long-headed  excellence  of  the  brothers  Maurice 
and  Daniel  to  their  drop  of  English  blood,  but  Captain  Rick 
also  descends  from  the  honest  Williamite,  Captain  Jenkin 
Conway.  Alice  and  two  Elizabeth  Conways  convey  exactly 
the  same  amount  of  Saxon  ichor  to  their  posterity,  but  it 
fails  to  influence  the  captain. 

His  real  circumstances  are  like  those  of  a  hero  of  Lever's. 
He  is  as  poor  as  a  church  mouse,  but  he  counts  kith  and  kin 
with  the  finest  of  people,  and  is  constantly  going  among  them. 
His  grandfather  was  a  rich  man,  Geoffrey  of  the  Great  Herds 
(Sheaira-na-mo-Mor).  His  mother  descended  maternally  from 
the  O'Briens  of  Ballycorrig,  a  family  sprung  from  a  younger 
son  of  the  famous  Earl  of  Inchiquin,  "  Red  Murrough  the 
Burner."  My  Lord  of  Inchiquin  acknowledged  Captain  Rick 
as  a  connection,  and  would  have  helped  him  had  not  his  faith 
debarred  him  from  any  post  within  the  range  of  his  cousin's 
influence.  He  was  a  welcome  guest  with  the  O'Briens,  at 
stately  Ennystymon,  in  Clare,  with  the  Knight  of  Glin,  in 
Limerick,  and  with  a  score  of  lesser  gentry  in  Clare  and 
Kerry.  Yet  he  tells  us  his  father  was  steeped  in  poverty, 
had  had  the  narrowest  escape  of  losing  the  farm,  the  "  sole 
subsistence  of  a  decayed  family."  He  tells  Hunting  Cap,  whom 
he  seems  to  want  to  watch  over  his  parents,  that  his  ancestor, 
Maurice  the  Transplanted,  put  his  Cromwellian  grant  of  Brian- 
tree  into  Lord  Inchiquin's  patent,  and  took  from  him  a  lease 
of  ninety-nine  years. 

There  was  a  promise  of  renewal  to  Maurice's  heirs,  and  a 
fine  promised,  but  never  paid.     The  descendants  sold  their 


212       The  Last  Colonel  of  the  Irish  Brigade. 

interest  to  persona  named  England,  and  some  others.  The 
lease  fell  out  just  as  Eick  joined  at  Cambray.  The  Englands 
threatened  to  turn  out  his  father,  who  seems  to  have  been 
under-tenant  to  the  representatives  of  his  grandfather. 
Luckily,  in  the  litigation  which  followed,  Lord  Inchiquin  pre- 
vailed against  the  middlemen,  owing  to  non-payment  of  fine, 
and  at  once  acceded  to  Eick's  pathetic  appeal,  as  he  says — 

"  Thereupon  his  Lordship  generously  gave  my  brother  a 
lease  of  3  Lives  of  the  Farm  on  which  my  Father  always 
lived  since  his  Marriage,  and  of  3  others.  ...  It  is  enough 
for  me  that  bountiful  Providence  has  been  pleased  to  make 
me  in  some  Degree  the  instrument  for  obtaining  a  poor  sub- 
sistence for  my  decayed  family." 

In  1777  Eickard  O'Connell,  then  a  full-grown  man, 
entered  the  Brigade.  In  his  letters  he  shows  a  considerable 
acquaintance  with  both  English  and  Latin  authors,  and  was 
a  person  of  no  small  intelligence.  He  seems  to  have  led  an 
idle  life,  rambling  and  sporting  about.  Probably  the  poor 
circumstances  into  which  his  family  had  fallen  precluded 
their  collecting  the  means  to  send  him  abroad  at  the  usual 
age — from  thirteen  to  sixteen.  He,  however,  had  to  fly  from 
Ireland,  where  he  had  got  himself  into  a  very  serious  scrape. 
It  arose  out  of  an  unlucky  love  affair,  and  the  vengeance  he 
incurred  nearly  led  to  his  being  murdered  in  1777.  The 
Knight  of  Glin,  Mr.  O'Brien,  of  Ennistymon,  and  Mrs. 
McMahon,  of  Clonina,  all  tendered  varying  advice.  Captain 
Eick  was  guided  by  the  lady.  No  stone  of  either  the  ancient 
castle  or  more  modern  house  of  Clonina,  where  she  dwelt,  is 
now  to  be  seen,  but  the  most  vivid  tradition  of  "  Fair  Mary  " 
still  exists  in  West  Clare.  My  Clare  home  is  about  ten  miles 
from  hers,  in  the  McMahon  country.  She  was  the  daughter 
of  important  people — Charles  McDonnell,  of  Kilkee,  and  Isabel 
O'Brien,  of  the  great  house  of  Ennistymon.  Tiege  McMahon, 
of  Clonina,  who  loved  her,  had  only  a  long  pedigree,  a  dis- 
mantled castle,  and  an  impoverished  estate.  She  was  a 
famous  rider,  and  he  once  saved  her  life  out  hunting  when 
her  horse  bungled  at  a  great  leap ;  and  soon  after  discovered 
his  love  to  her.  Her  parents  refused  his  suit ;  the  lovers 
eloped,  and  not  only  lived  happily  evermore,  like  lovers  in  a 


In  the  Irish  Brigade.  213 

story,  but  Fair  Mary  was  renowned  for  her  piety,  charity,  and 
noble  life.  Old  people  will  repeat  uncouth  rhymes,  wherein 
this  golden-haired,  pearl-breasted  lady  is  celebrated  for  her 
beaut}^  charity  to  the  friars  and  the  blind  poor.  The 
O'Donoghue  of  the  Glens  and  Sir  Maurice  O'Connell,  of 
Lake  View,  represent  the  extinct  family  of  McMahon  of 
Clonina  in  the  female  line.  To  her  Eickard  O'Connell  con- 
fided his  troubles. 

"Next  day  I  halted,"  he  says,  "at  Clonina,  every  one  of 
whose  respectable  inhabitants  I  allways  had,  and  still  have, 
reason  to  believe  my  real  friends.  Tom  McMahon's  mother, 
to  whom  I  now  communicated  every  particular  from  the 
Beginning,  with  that  unlimited  Confidence  due  to  her  truly 
respectable  Character  and  Generous  Friendship,  told  me 
without  Eeserve  she  did  not  like  I  should  cross  the  Shannon." 

"Fair  Mary,"  who  maybe  aptly  styled  "Wise  Mary"  in 
this  case,  did  not  merely  ground  her  advice  on  the  possible 
dangers  of  assassination ;  it  was  on  the  dangers  of  the 
peccant  Clare  man  being  offered  up  "on  the  shrine  of  Kerry 
acquaintance,"  and  hurried  into  an  undesirable  marriage. 

The  following  December  (1777)  the  Knight  of  Glin  sent 
him  word  that  a  plot  to  murder  him  was  set  on  foot. 

It  now  became  imperatively  necessary  to  seek  a  living  out 
of  his  own  country.  To  young  Maurice  Leyne,  student  of 
medicine,  in  Paris,  he  writes,  in  March,  the  long  story  which 
I  have  abridged,  and  in  it  he  gives  the  following  most  graphic 
account  of  the  adventures  of  a  poor  gentleman  in  search  of  a 
patron  : — 

Extract  of  Richard  O^ConnelVs  letter  to  Maurice  Leyne. 

Chez  Monsieur  Jacquelin, 

Vis-a-Vis  L'enfoncement,  Rue  la  Hachette,  a  Paris. 

Mahery,  March  1",  1778. 

The  only  pleasing  account  I  can  give  of  myself  is  that  I 
have  been  to  wait  on  y*"  Earl  of  Inchiquin  last  7'"''^  in  Ennis, 
and  met  with  a  very  favourable  Reception.  I  had  y®  honor 
of  being  acquainted  with  this  Nobleman,  both  in  England  and 
Ireland,  before  his  Accession  to  his  Title.  I  was  introduced 
and  recommended  in  Ennis  by  two  of  his  most  respectable 
Eelations  and  Friends  in  this  Country,  in  whose  presence  he 
assured  me  of  his  Patronage  and  Friendship.     But  there  are 


214       The  Last  Colonel  of  the  Irish  Bi'igade. 

two  Bars  in  my  way.  One  is,  I  fear,  insurmountable — my 
Eeligion,  which  I  shall  not  change ;  y*^  other  very  hard  to  be 
got  over — Poverty,  the  worst  of  all  recommendations  to  y*^ 
Great.  Unhappy  Poverty  !  y®  only  cause  which  has  hindered 
me  these  four  months  of  going  to  his  Lordship,  for  I  have  found 
it  entirely  impossible  to  raise  as  much  money  as  would  bear 
my  expences  to  London,  and  y*^  few  Friends  who  would  assist 
me  if  they  could  are,  by  Extravagance,  y*^  too  constant 
attendant  on  landed  Property  in  this  Country,  reduced  to 
almost  as  low  an  ebb  of  Cash  and  Credit  as  myself,  tho'  they 
have  Estates.  [Would  not  this  do  for  our  portrait,  0  land- 
lords of  a  century  later  ?  It  Avas  the  thrifty  Hunting  Cap 
who  eventually  supplied  Eick  with  some  ready  cash  to  bear 
him  to  France.] 

Every  night  I  have  to  keep  a  Sentinel  on  my  Father's 
house,  every  Day  I  am  in  arms.  Wherever  I  go  that  meagre 
Friend  Distress  still  stalks  in  view,  Danger  lurks  in  wait,  and 
care  is  the  Constant  Companion  of  my  Pillow.  Such  must  be 
my  helpless,  almost  hopeless.  Situation  while  I  must  remain 
under  the  misfortune  of  remaining  in  my  native  country, 
from  which  you  pretty  well  know  it  has  not  been  hitherto  in 
my  power  to  transport  myself.  [Now  my  hero  makes  his 
first  appearance  in  the  letters  as  "  Major  Connell,"  being  still 
only  a  major  in  "Berwick's,"  and  these  Irish  kinsmen  only 
producing  their  O's  when  abroad,  until  the  remissions  of  1782 
enabled  them  to  produce  them  at  home.]  To  be  remembered 
by  Major  Connell,  for  whom  I  shall  ever  entertain  y'^  sincerest 
aU'ection  and  esteem,  is  an  honor  I  shall  ever  gratefully 
acknowledge.  My  Father,  who  had  y''  honor  of  being  ac- 
quainted with  Colonel  Conway,  presents  affectionate  Respects 
to  him  and  to  y*^  Major,  to  which  I  beg  leave  to  add  mine, 
tho'  I  have  not  y*^  honor  of  being  known  to  y*^  Colonel.  I 
know  not  what  you  will  think  of  an  Idea  that  presents  itself 
to  me.  You  never  were  a  stranger  to  my  thoughts.  I  will 
make  you  acquainted  with  it.  You  who  have  y^  happiness  of 
seeing  both  these  gentlemen,  may  suggest  to  them  to  use  their 
Influence  for  procuring  me  some  Employment,  civil.  Military, 
etc.,  by  which  I  might  procure  y*^  means  of  Subsistence,  and 
be  in  some  degree  a  useful  member  of  Society.  It  is  true  I 
already  mentioned  my  inclination  for  y''  Military  state  to 
Major  Connell,  who  thought  me  far  too  advanced  in  life  for 
a  Cadet,  nor  am  I  ignorant  of  the  Difticulty  of  obtaining  even 
to  that.  Yet  if  anything  could  be  done  in  that  or  any  other 
way,  I  sh''  have  y''  firmest  Eeliance  on  y"  Generosity  and 
Good  Nature  of  both  these  gentlemen,  for  with  y''  Colonel's 
Character  I  am  well  acquainted.     It  is  needless  to  tell  you 


In  the  Irish  Brigade.  215 

that  my  views  are  not  aspiring.  The  growth  of  Ambition  is 
a  plant  that  thrives  beneath  y*^  Genial  Influence  of  prosperous 
fortune,  is  checked  by  the  bleak  chill  aspect  of  Adversity  and 
Disappointment. 

I  am  not  quite  such  a  stranger  to  the  world  as  to  rely 
implicitly  on  a  great  Man's  Promices.  I  may  happen  to  be 
left  to  feed,  or  rather  to  perish,  on  Expectations  to  the  last 
hour  of  my  Life.  Moreover,  I  fear  y^  great  Obstacle  of  my 
Keligion  must  interfere  with  any  interest  made  for  me  in 
England.  I  trust  in  Providence  that  I  shall  be  able  in  May 
to  make  up  a  little  Sum  that  will  enable  me  to  quit  a  country 
where  I  have  met  with  nothing  but  misfortune  and  Disap- 
pointment, which  I  am  resolutely  determined  on.  Could  I 
meet  any  encouragement  to  direct  my  steps  to  France,  perhaps 
I  may  even  yet  be  happy.  You  required  a  long  letter.  This 
is  unconsionably  so.  I  hope  soon  to  hear  from  you  again, 
but  never  so  long  a  letter  as  this.  Adieu,  my  dear  Friend. 
While  I  exist  I  must  be  unalterably 

1''  most  affectionate, 

KiCKD.    CONNELL. 

In  May,  when  Eickard  O'Connell  had  some  chance  of 
getting  a  little  money,  he  sent  his  faithful  henchman  into 
Kerry,  where  he  himself  dared  not  venture.  How  he  sped 
with  his  reverend  kinsman  is  mentioned.  Hunting  Cap 
either  lent  or  gave  him  twenty  guineas — from  the  brief  en- 
dorsement on  the  letter  I  cannot  say  which. 

The  "  Alps  of  Difficulties  "  he  had  surmounted  are  partially 
described.     In  a  letter  I  need  not  quote  in  full  he  says — 

Approbation  of  my  intended  Expedition,  and  generous 
Assistance  towards  carrying  it  on,  have  made  Impressions 
that  neither  Time  nor  Chance  can  eraze.  I  will  not  trouble 
you  with  attempting  to  express  my  gratitude  to  you  and  my 
dear  Colonel.'^  Words  cannot  do  it.  The  Hope  of  being 
hereafter  able  to  shew  it  by  Action  rouses  my  drooping 
Spirits. 

I  am  sorry  to  write  anything  that  I  know  will  not  be 
agreable,  but  it  is  impossible  for  me  to  bring  my  Brother 
along  with  me  ;  blame  me  not  for  this.  If  I  can  work  my 
own  Way,  If  I  can  surmount  the  Alps  of  Difhculties  I  have  to 
encounter,  all  circumstances  consider'd,  and  comparing  small 

1  I  should  infer  he  refers  to  my  hero  as  his  colonel,  but  M.  de  la 
Ponce  gives  a  later  date  for  the  commission — September,  1779.  I'trhaps 
he  had  heard  some  premature  reports  of  his  friend's  promoLion. 


216       The  Last  Colonel  of  the  Irish  Brigade. 

Things  with  great,  it  shall  be  a  Passage  equal  to  Hannibal's  ; 
and  I  solemnly  assure  you  it  is  what  a  Mind  less  ambitious 
than  mine  to  seek  the  Paths  of  Honour  under  the  Auspices 
of  an  almost  Adored  Patron  would  give  up  all  Thoughts  of, 
deter'd  by  the  Difficulties  I  labour  under,  which,  without  the 
immediate  Interposition  of  Providence,  are  insurmountable. 

If  ever  you  speak  to  Father  Morgan,  he  will  let  you  know 
the  only  Notice  he  took  of  your  Letter  was  to  tell  the  bearer  it 
required  no  Answer.  Neither  the  Charity  becoming  a  Clergy- 
man, nor  the  Hospitality  esteemed  hereditary  to  a  Connell, 
inclined  him  to  direct  my  poor  faithful  Fellow  to  a  Resting 
Place  where  he  may  be  refreshed,  even  for  an  Hour,  from  the 
Fatigues  of  a  long  Journey  undertaken  merely  from  his  Affec- 
tion to  me.  His  Eeverence,  indeed,  by  a  Verbal  Message, 
recommended  to  me  to  commit  Matrimony ;  were  I  obliged  in 
Honour  to  return  to  Kerry,  his  Recommendation  were  need- 
less. In  spite  of  my  Veneration  for  the  Religion  of  which 
they  are  Ministers,  I  abhor  the  selfishness  of  his  ungenerous, 
hypocritical  Tribe.  Their  nasty  lazy  Lives  are  employ'd  in 
preaching  brotherly  Love  and  Charity,  yet,  tho'  they  live  on 
the  Fat  of  the  Land,  the  Man  who  carries  his  Fortune  by  his 
Side,  whose  Inheritance  is  his  Sword,  owns  more  Benevolence 
than  a  whole  Convocation. 

1  never  knew  a  Priest  posses'd  of  a  manly  spirit  but  one 
(Owen  Sullivan),  and,  to  show  how  constant  my  old  Sweet- 
heart Misfortune  has  been  to  me,  He  died  poor,  last  November. 

I  write  by  the  Bearer  to  recommend  him  to  Cousin  Morgan 
for  a  Night's  Lodging,  and  entreat  you  will  do  the  same  at 
his  Return ;  to  you  I  submit  whether  you  will  be  pleased  to 
write  any  Thing  more  to  him. 

If  ever  I  am  prepared,  I  hope  to  get  a  ship  from  Limerick  ; 
from  whence  I  will  write  to  yoa.  Adieu,  my  Dear  Cousin 
and  much  Respected  Friend.  I  hope  you  will  believe  no  Man 
except  one  is  so  high  in  the  Esteem  of 

Your  much  obliged  and  most  affect.  Cousin, 

RicKD.  Connell. 
Fenloe,  May  25*^  1778. 

My  affec*  Respects  to  all  Friends,  and  tell  Cousin  Dan  I 
will  write  to  him. 

Rick  is  now  happily  landed  in  the  Brigade,  where  he  finds 
Kerry  men  in  the  proportion  of  three  to  one  of  any  other 
country.     According  to  my  hero,  that  was  not  wonderful. 


tn  the  Irish  Brigade.  217 

To  Maiuice  Leyne,  in  Paris. 

Camp  near  St.  Malo,  Sep.  23,  1778. 

I  deny  every  syllable  of  it.  Tho'  I  am  here  strutting  in 
Scarlet,  a  Candidate  for  a  Regiment,  I  am  not  grown  con- 
ceited, nor  am  I  become  such  a  Eascal  as  to  forget  the 
Friend  of  my  Bosom,  nor  was  it  possible  for  me  to  write 
sooner  with  Propriety.  [Words  are  illegible  here  and  there  ; 
but  it  seems  Rick  sits  on  his  straw  bed,  on  which  couch  he 
has  been  studying  French  grammar,  is  expecting  a  Review 
in  two  hours,  and  begins  his  epistle  before  it.  He  goes  on 
to  say],  I  was  never  healthier  or  happier,  or  in  higher 
Spirits  excej)t  with  him.  Such  is  the  hurry  here  [he  con- 
tinues] that  I  could  not  get  a  Tent  for  many  Days  after  I 
joined  the  Regiment,  nor  was  I  able  to  procure  a  Soldier's 
coat  and  Firelock  before  last  Friday,  yet  I  assure  you  that 
of  four  Cadets  who  have  all  spent  some  Time  with  y*^  Regi- 
ment, none  of  them  promices  better  than  I  do.  Were  you  to 
see  .  .  .  House  and  Furniture,  you  would  think  it  ...  to 
live  here.  I  assure  you  I  find  none,  but  am  happier  here 
than  in  the  best  apartments  I  have  ever  been  in.  0  cruel 
Fortune,  that  did  not  sufi'er  me  to  embrace  this  life  earlier ! 

In  a  few  days  we  shall  decamp.  When  we  get  into  a 
Garrison  I  shall  be  more  at  Leisure,  and  will  fill  the  sheet 
as  usual.  But  here  such  continual  bustle — from  dressing  to 
exercise,  from  exercise  to  Review,  from  Review  to  exercise, 
from  thence  to  Ceremonial  Visits — that  I  am  mostly  on  my 
Legs  except  whilst  I  sleep.  Colonel  O'Connell  .  .  .  that  I 
intend  to  write  a  Novel  .  .  .  amusement.  I  wrote  to  him, 
to  Chevalier  Mahony,  and  to  Colonel  Conway.  I  request  you 
will  present  my  aflectionate  respects  to  them.  The  Drum 
beats.  Adieu,  my  Friend.  0 !  that  you  were  a  soldier  and 
in  this  Regiment !  Good  God !  I  should  be  happier  than 
falls  to  the  lot  of  Mortal. 

R.  O'C. 

26"',  6  o'clock  in  the  evening. 
0  Hal,  Turk  Gregory  never  did  such  Deeds  in  Arms  as  I 
have  done.  This  morning  at  Dawn  we  left  our  Camp  and 
march'd  to  a  Harbour  8  miles  oif.  We  were  divided  into  two 
parties.  One  represented  the  English,  who  were  supposed 
to  make  Descent ;  the  other  was  to  beat  them  back  to  their 
Ships.  Tho'  I  do  not  think  the  Victory  gained  by  the  French 
will  be  recorded  in  the  Annals  of  Fame,  yet  I  am  sure  the 
affair  made  a  great  Noise  in  the  World.  You  must  know 
that  tho'  I  have  been  only  five  Days  learning  the  Excercise, 
Captain  O'Connor  permits  me   to    march  in  y"   Ranks   and 


218       The  Last  Colonel  of  the  Irish  Brigade, 

carry  a  gun.  I  fired  70  Cartridges,  and  the  next  most 
dexterous  member  of  my  Party  fired  but  50,  upon  my  Honour. 
I  dined  with  the  Colonel  .  .  .'s  Brother,  our  second  Colonel, 
who  happened  to  pass  by  our  Party  and  saw  me  charge,  fire, 
and  Jump  over  Hedges  and  Ditches,  and  was  told  by  Barry, 
my  officer,  how  many  cartridges  I  had  fired,  talked  with 
admiration  of  the  dexterity  of  so  fresh  a  soldier.  I  request 
that  you  will  go  immediately  and  tell  this  to  Colonel  O'Con- 
nell^and  Chevalier  Mahony,  and  also  to  Colonel  Conway. 

A  Monsieur,  Monsieur  Leyne,  i] indent  en  Medecine, 
Hotel  d'Angleterre,  Kiie  des  Anglois,  a  Paris. 

De  present  chez  Mr.  Bondel  Avocel,  Eue  Guinegaud  vis- 
a-vis la  derniere  porte  de  la  Monnaie. 

Monsieur  de  la  Ponce,  in  his  valuable  manuscript  notes 
for  a  work  on  the  Irish  Brigade,  preserved  in  the  Royal  Irish 
Academy,  gives  us  my  hero's  appointment  as  Lieut. -Colonel 
of  the  Eoyal  Swedes  on  September  19,  1779 ;  and  here  is 
Eick  talking  of  "  the  colonel  "  a  full  year  before.  Could  he 
have  got  the  rank  of  colonel  when  he  had  intended  going  to 
America  ?     In  the  January  letter  of  1777  he  says — 

"  I  was  to  be  made  a  Colonel  here,  and  to  be  employed  in 
that  Country  as  Major  General,  i.e.  Quarter  Master  General 
of  the  foot,  but  being  refused  the  confirmation  of  the  rank 
of  Colonel  in  consequence  of  the  above  resolution,  I  thought  it 
prudent  ...  to  lay  aside  all  thoughts  of  going  over." 

Perhaps  he  may  have  got  confirmation  of  the  rank.  He 
seems  to  have  been  in  Paris  all  through  the  years  1778  and 
1779 — at  least,  the  new  recruit  sends  him  messages  to  Paris. 

For  the  whole  of  1779  the  letter-book  is  a  blank.  In 
March,  1779,  Eick  O'Connell,  writing  to  Maurice  Leyne  from 
Quimper,  says  he  wrote  him  in  a  letter  of  January  to  Colonel 
O'Connell.     Consequently,  my  hero  was  in  Paris. 

Eick  fills  two  doleful  pages  with  the  medical  symptoms  of 
a  chest  attack,  which  he  fears  is  the  beginning  of  an  heredi- 
tary asthma  to  which  his  father  was  liable,  and  which  he 
fears  may  disable  him  from  a  military  career — 

"  The  Service,"  he  says,  "  is  my  only  Amusement.  When 
Exercise  is  over,  I  betake  myself  to  study  the  Ordonnance, 
and  thus  my  life  passes  without  any  Variety  except  some 
short  morning  visits  to  the  old  officers,  and  mounting  Guard 


In  tlie  Irisli  Brigade,  219 

once  a  Fortnight.  I  fancy  a  fellow  so  fond  of  Ease  as  you 
could  find  no  great  amusement  in  stalking  under  a  Firelock 
Opposite  to  a  Sentry  Box  for  Eight  hours  in  the  24.  I  who 
have  spent  a  youth  of  dissipation  have  not  spoke  to  a  woman 
snice  I  came  to  France.  The  spirit  of  Intrigue,  which  once 
solely  seemed  to  Animate  me,  is  fairly  laid." 

Here  Eick  plunges  into  a  sentimental  disquisition.  On 
Sundays,  when  he  can  get  away  from  the  pleasure-parties 
proposed  by  the  young  officers,  he  bends  his  solitary  steps  to 
some  stream,  where  fancy  recalls  past  adventures  on  the 
banks  of  the  Shannon,  Fergus,  Inagh,  Lough  Lane,  Lough 
Lee,  Blackwater,  Feale,  and  the  strand  of  Tralee,  and  the 
various  protestations  and  declarations  of  "lips  that  sweetly 
were  foresworn."  Mira,  Clio,  Eloisa,  and  Eosetta  are  the 
fanciful  names  he  bestows  on  these  damsels.  How  well 
Davis  divined  the  sentiments  when,  in  the  "  Battle  Eve  of 
the  Brigade,"  he  made  the  officers  drink — 

"  Good  luck  to  the  girls  whom  we  woo'd  long  ago, 
Where  Shannon  and  Barrow  and  Avondhu  flow  !  " 

*'  But  the  Drum  rouses  me  from  my  Eeverie.  Away,  y° 
soft  Illusions,  idle  dreams  of  my  feverish  youth  !  Henceforth 
the  tender  sighs,  the  softened  accents,  the  melting  Murmurs 
of  Love,  must  give  place  to  the  loud  Music  of  that  '  spirit- 
stirring  '  Instrument.  The  laborious  ardious  paths  of  my 
profession  must  be  Trodden.  It  is  certainly  a  great  encourage- 
ment to  me  that  my  Endeavours  and  good  Conduct  meet  with 
the  Approbation  of  the  Colonel,  and  gain  the  good  will  of  the 
officers  and  soldiers. 

"  I  lately  got  a  letter  from  Colonel  O'Connell,  wherein  he 
mentioned  that  Count  Serrant  [Walsh  de  Serrant,  Colonel- 
Proprietor  of  'Walsh's'],  who,  when  absent,  knows  everything 
tbat  passes  in  the  Eegiment,  has  been  pleased  to  say  very 
handsome  things  of  me,  wishes  for  the  oppertunity  of  placing 
me,  and  hopes  there  may  be  a  vacancy  next  month.  I  find 
myself  on  the  most  pleasing  terms  with  the  Corps,  amongst 
whom  there  are  some  really  worthy  Men,  and  as  for  the 
Soldiers,  for  the  last  two  months  they  have  anticipated  my 
future  great  Consequence  by  calling  me  nothing  but  Man 
Lieutenant.  All  this  staggers  my  Brother  Cadets,  who  tell  me 
they  must  lead  the  Van  for  promotion,  for  that  I  have  no 
Occasion  for  a  Commission." 

Eick  O'Connell  is  one  of  the  very  few  eighteenth-century 


220       The  Last  Colonel  of  the  Irish  Brigade. 

folk  who  seems  to  love  Dame  Nature  as  we  do,  and  he  gives 
a  pretty  description  of  the  clear  streams,  meandering  rivers, 
green  fields,  and  woodland  steeps  of  the  country  near  Quimper, 
bursting  out  into  all  the  beauties  of  a  luxuriant  spring. 
Towards  the  end  he  says — 

"Colonel  O'Connell  has  told  you  that  I  had  good  news 
from  Ireland  a  Day  or  two  after  I  wrote  you  last." 

Extracts  from  Eichard  O'Connell's  letter  to  Maurice 
Leyne,  March  26,  1779.  This  second  letter,  following  so  soon 
on  its  predecessor,  is  full  of  Eick's  symptoms — rather  like 
chronic  bronchitis.  All  the  duty  he  is  doing  is  looking  on 
while  the  corporals  are  teaching  the  recruits  the  first 
principles  of  the  exercise.  He  then  goes  on  to  tell  his  friend 
of  a  promising  opening.  As  the  negotiations  are  to  be  con- 
ducted by  Colonel  O'Connell,  it  is  evident  he  continued  in 
or  near  Paris. 

**  Captain  FitzMaurice  [the  kind  Colonel  Tom  of  later 
letters]  sent  for  me,"  he  writes.  "  He  had  a  letter  before  him 
from  Paul  Sweeny,  who  desired  him  to  let  me  know  that 
Count  Dillon  offer'd  to  give  me  a  Commission  in  his  Eegiment. 
The  Count,  an  ambitious,  high-spirited,  fine  young  fellow,  is 
going  to  Martinico  with  900  pick'd  men  of  the  Eegiment, 
which  compose  as  fine  a  Battalion  as  any  perhaps  carrying 
arms.  Changing  uniform  and  some  other  Preperations  are 
attended  with  some  Difficulty  ;  but  to  encounter  Difficulties  is 
the  business  of  my  life.  It  was  with  Difficulty  I  came  here. 
God  is  all-sufficient,  and  will  assist  me. 

"If  I  return,  Maurice,  I  shall  return  a  good  officer,  pro- 
bably with  a  good  rank,  as  military  operations  will  be  carried 
on  briskly.  The  warmth  suits  me,  so  that  I  hope  I  shall 
soon  shake  off  this  cough. 

"You  may,  perhaps,  hear  of  this  affair  before  you  receive 
this  letter,  as  I  am  determined  never  to  take  a  step  without 
Colonel  O'Connell's  Advice  and  Appropation.  I  wrote  to  him 
by  the  post  which  went  off  at  3  o'clock,  about  an  hour  after 
my  conference  with  Captain  FitzMaurice.  The  Colonel  will 
see  Count  Dillon,  who  is  now  in  Paris,  where  they  will  settle 
about  what  is  to  be  done.  Not  having  time  to  write  to  you 
before  this  Day's  Post  went  out,  this  Letter  must  wait  until 
Monday,  by  which  means  the  Colonel  will  hear  from  me  3 
days  before  you.  I  much  wish  to  hear  from  you.  But  our 
Eegiment  marches  from  here  on  the  6*''  of  April." 


In  the  Irish  Brigade.  221 

Our  friend  Eickard's  dream  of  glory  was  deferred  by  my 
hero's  cold  common  sense.  He  made  him  stay  on  in 
"Walsh's,"  which  was  full  of  Kerry  kinsmen,  whose  colonel 
was  an  old  friend,  and  whose  uniform  could  be  easily  managed. 
I  can  perceive  a  little  disappointment  in  his  tone,  but  no 
faltering  in  his  loyalty  to  the  friend  he  looked  on  as  only  a 
shade  less  infallible  than  the  Pope. 

From  Croisic,  June  17,  1779,  he  writes — 

I  am  sure  Colonel  O'Connell  has  told  you  that  Count 
Serrant  has  been  pleaded  to  name  me,  last  April,  to  succeed 
one  of  our  officers  who  has  resigned.  I  expect  my  commission 
by  every  post.  I  would  have  been  ordered  to  Paimboeuf,  to 
join  the  first  Batallion,  to  which  I  shall  belong  when  my 
Commission  arrives.  But  here  we  have  a  great  many 
English  Piecruits,  whom  we  have  got  about  the  beginning  of 
May.  I  have  been  appointed  to  teach  them  the  Exercise, 
and,  as  they  are  already  pretty  forward,  I  believe  I  shall 
soon  go  to  Paimboeuf.  [Here  comes  a  delicious  bit.  I  have 
transcribed  growls  galore  from  my  hero  over  the  iniquities 
and  enormities  of  the  boy-cadets  he  and  sundry  kinsmen  kept 
importing,  but  here  is  an  imp  who  surpasses  them  all.]  This 
employment  of  Exercise  Master,  which  I  am  obliged  to  stick 
very  close  to,  and  in  which  I  am  likely  to  Continue,  is  of  the 
tiresome  sort.  It  requires  a  great  deal  of  Patience,  and  very 
much  application,  both  rough  and  smooth,  to  transform  a 
peasant,  as  dull  as  the  clod  he  treads  on  into  a  smart  Soldier, 
and  that  in  the  time.  But  the  most  grievous  Task  ever  im- 
posed on  me  was  to  Lick  that  bear's  cub  I  brought  with  me 
from  Ireland  into  a  soldier.  Captain  O'Connor,  our  treasurer, 
my  particular  Friend  for  some  months  past,  and  my  captain 
when  I  was  a  Chasseur,  who  is  in  many  Piespects  a  father  to 
our  boys,  took  him  away  from  his  Cousin  at  Quimper,  and 
requested  me  to  take  the  ungracious  burthen  on  my  shoulders. 
Captain  O'Connor's  request,  together  with  my  great  regard 
and  Esteem  for  his  respectable  family,  induced  me  to  spare 
no  pains.  I  endeavoured  to  work  on  his  Temper  by  soothing, 
together  with  a  show  of  Confidence  and  reward  ;  then  severity, 
when  milder  means  proved  unsuccessful  to  keep  him  out  of 
harm's  Way.  But  on  the  route  hither  he  gave  full  scope  to 
his  Temper,  and  one  day  at  dinner,  consisting  of  more  than 
12  persons,  before  we  finished  our  Soupe,  according  to  our 
rules  I  took  him  on  my  back,  and,  for  want  of  a  sufiicient 
number  of  Cadets,  got  9  sub  lieutenants  to  thrash  him  while 
he  was  able  to  roar.     When  the  Discipline  was  over,  and  he 


222       Tlie  Last  Colonel  of  the  IrUli  Brigade. 

recovered  breath  enough  to  curse,  he  became  worse  than  ever, 
and  swore  the  most  ex'crable  oaths — he  would  Murder  every- 
one of  us.  Some  of  those  who  had  been  insulted  complained 
to  his  cousin,  who  dragged  him  on  the  guard.  But  I  made 
a  shift  to  get  him  out  by  assuring  the  Major  that  if  he  was 
not  put  to  bed  he  would  not  be  able  to  march  with  us.  On 
our  arrival  here  Captain  O'Connor  begged  I  would  teach  him 
at  least  as  much  of  the  Exercises  as  would  give  him  the  Gait 
and  Air  of  a  Soldier.  Before  we  were  many  days  at  this 
work,  Harry  took  the  sulk,  and  refused  to  obey  my  command, 
and  that  to  in  the  same  Bank  with  my  English  men,  the 
most  of  whom  are  as  wicked  Dogs  as  ever  trod  the  deck  of 
a  Privateer.  Tho'  under  Arms,  they  laughed  aloud,  and 
"damned  their  eyes,  but  the  lad  had  spirit,"  Lest  the  con- 
tagion should  spread  amongst  fellows  so  apt  to  catch  it,  I 
ordered  Harry  to  Prison,  but  upon  his  peremptory  refusal 
was  obliged  to  seize  him  and  clap  him  into  the  dungeon, 
where,  lest  he  should  fret  himself  into  a  fever,  I  prescribed 
for  him  the  cool  Begimen  of  Bread  and  Water.  Captain 
O'Connor,  despairing  to  get  any  good  of  him,  at  least  until  he 
gets  a  little  more  sence,  wrote  to  Doctor  MacMahon  to  send 
him  to  school  for  2  or  3  years  to  Nantes.  Having  played  the 
devil  after  his  enlargement  from  the  Dungeon,  he  is  now, 
thank  God  !  gone,  and  I  am  rid  of  him. 

Croisic,  as  you  may  see  by  the  map,  is  a  Peninsula  within 
a  few  leagues  of  the  mouth  of  y'^  Loire.  Y*^  town,  which  is 
neither  large  nor  handsome,  stands  not  far  from  the  istlimus, 
along  the  Shore,  where  is  scarcely  any  sign  of  summer  but 
y''  heat.  Not  a  Shrub  grows  on  the  whole  peninsula,  except 
a  few  in  y''  Town,  which  are  sheltered  by  houses  from  y*^ 
Atlantic  winds.  The  dulcet  notes  of  Philomel,  or  any  of  the 
inferior  choiresters  of  the  grove,  were  never  herd  here.  Even 
the  Cuckhow  does  not  deign  to  pay  us  a  visit ;  but  my  ears 
are  forever  grieved  with  the  screaming  of  sea  Fowl.  In  a 
solitary  mood,  lost  in  depths  of  thought  on  a  primrose  bank 
by  the  murmuring  brooks  of  Quimper,  could  I  enjoy  my 
thoughts.  When  tired  of  stuffing  my  head  with  the  ordonnance, 
I  retire  to  the  breezy  shore  and  listen  to  the  hollow  murmurs 
of  Ocean.  Fancy  imperceptibly  transports  me  to  the  strand 
of  Tralee  or  the  cliffs  of  Liscannor,  where  my  old  acquaintants 
would  hardly  believe  that  I  pass  here  for  a  woman  hater  ! 
As  I  ne'er  ventured  to  speak  French  yet  to  ladies,  the  Flirts 
will  have  it  that  I  have  no  tongue  except  for  exercise,  where 
they  find  my  English  commands  so  boisterous  that  they  think 
I  could  never  Attune  my  voice  to  the  soft  accents  of  Love. 
Oh  woman !  in  spite  of  all  I  have  suffered,  my  heart  owns 


In  the  Irish  Brigade.  223 

that  this  world  without  you  were  insipid.  In  the  name  of 
Friendship,  my  Dear  Maurice,  lose  no  time  to  let  me  hear 
from  you.     Adieu. 

E.  O'C. 

Maurice  Leyne  is  now  addressed,  "  Etudiant  en  Medicine 
au  College  des  Lombards." 

From  Paimbceuf,  on  August  20,  1779,  Lieutenant  Eickard 
writes  again  to  Maurice  Leyne.  There  is  a  bitter  anti- 
English  tone  in  this,  wanting  in  all  the  other  Irish  Brigade 
letters  I  have  seen. 

Would  to  God,  my  Dear  Maurice,  that  we  were  at  this 
moment  200,000  strong  in  Ireland,  and  that  I  had  the  com- 
mand of  our  single  company  of  Oak  Park  !  I  would  kick  the 
Members  and  their  Volunteers  and  their  unions  and  their 
Societies  to  the  Devil !  I  would  make  the  Eascally  spawn 
of  Damned  Cromwell  curse  the  hour  of  his  Birth !  Oh, 
Heaven  !  can  there  be  such  Brutes  in  human  form  ?  But 
my  dear  Country  swarms  with  them. 

I  am  astonished  that  a  Parisian  should  ask  an  Inhabitant 
of  Brittany  for  News.  All  we  know  here  is  that  the  combined 
Fleets  of  the  House  of  Bourbon  were  many  Days  ago  near 
the  Channell's  mouth.  This  is  certain.  We  have  reason  to 
believe  that  many  of  the  Troops  are  embarked  before  this 
time.  It  is  said  they  are  to  Beard  the  Brittish  Lion  in  his 
Den.  It  is  also  said  that  his  Friend  the  Eussian  Bear  begins 
to  grumble  about  this  Proceeding,  and  offers  his  clumsy 
mediation  at  Versailles.  Should  it  be  rejected,  I  still  fear 
that  the  other  Lordly  Savage,  tho'  he  seems  grown  old  and 
dozed,  will  at  length  give  himself  a  savage  shake,  tho'  it  is 
a  good  while  since  his  Eoarings  have  shook  the  shores  of  the 
world. 

It  is  certain  the  West  India  Fleet  [the  Jamaica  Fleet,  etc.] 
are  safely  arrived  in  England.  They  bring  an  Accession 
of  10,000  Sailors.  They  will  have  at  least  45  Ships  of  the 
line  in  the  Channell.  My  own  opinion  is  that  45  well 
manned  English  ships  are  equal — I  mean  only  in  the  narrow 
Seas — to  any  force  that  ever  floated.  [A  very  touching  bit 
follows  about  kind  Eobin  Conway  and  his  Flemish  wife,  who 
were  always  so  kind  to  the  young  Irish  boys  coming  to  the 
Brigade.] 

Cousin  Conway  desired  I  should  open  any  Letters  that 
may  come  for  him,  and  send  him  such  as  may  be  of  con- 
sequence. The  last  Post  brought  3 — one  from  Dr.  Sheehy, 
which  I  did  not  send,  because  I  believe  they  may  be  just 


224       TJlc  Last  Colonel  of  the  Irish  Brigade. 

going  to  dine  together  ;  and  one  from  Pere  Felix  O'Dempsey, 
an  Irish  Capucin.  It  seems  His  Reverence  has  a  stronger 
vocation  for  Fighting  than  praying.  He  writes  to  Mr.  Con- 
way to  desire  he  will  instantaneously  write  to  "  Sartine,"  as 
he  calls  him  familiarly,  to  make  him  a  Chaplain  of  a  French 
man  of  War,  and  Provide  such  another  place  for  Pere  Alex- 
ander. The  other  was  from  Mme.  Conway,  which,  tho'  she 
will  soon  tell  him  the  contents  of  it,  I  could  not  find  it  in 
my  heart  to  keep  from  him.  I  had  rather  get  such  a  Letter 
from  a  wife,  were  that  wife  Mira,  and  I  ahle  to  support  her, 
than  a  Colonel's  Brevet.  .  .  .  [He  desires  to  be  remembered 
to  Colonels  O'Connell  and  Mahony,  Dr.  Sheehy,  and  Abbe 
Leyne,  and  ends,]     Adieu,  My  Dear  Friend, 

E.  O'C. 


(     225      ) 


NOTES   TO   BOOK   III. 

Note  A. 
McCarthy  Mor  and  O'Donoghue  op  the  Glens. 

Arms  :  a  stag  trippant  gu.,  attired  and  unguled  or. 

[From  Burke's  "  General  Armoury  " — 

McCarthy  (chiefs  of  Carbery  and  Muskerry,  County 
Cork,  a  powerful  Irish  sept,  descended  from  Cartach,  King 
of  Desmond,  prior  to  the  English  invasion,  the  chief  of  which 
was  styled,  MacCarthy  More).  Arms:  a  stag  trippant  gu., 
attired  and  unguled  or. 

McCarthy  {Earl  of  Glancare  and  Viscount  Valentia,  extinct. 
Donogh  MacCarthy  More,  seventh  in  descent  from  Cormac 
More  McCarthy,  was  so  created  1556,  died  s._p.  m.).  Arms  :  a 
stag  trippant  gu,  attired  and  unguled  or.] 

Donal  McCarthy  Mor,  created  by  Elizabeth,  in  1566, 
Viscount  Valentia  and  Earl  Clan  Carthia — generally  but 
erroneously  written  "  Glencar."  "  It  is  quasi  Earl  of  the  family 
of  the  Carthys,  as  in  England  Earl  Eivers  is  of  no  place  " 
(Crosley,"  Peerage  of  Ireland,"  1724,  under  **Glencar") — titles 
that  he  afterwards  resigned  to  reassume  his  more  glorious 
hereditary  designation  of  McCarthy  Mor,  was  the  descendant 
of  a  long  line  of  McCarthy  Mors,  Kings  of  the  two  Munsters, 
Kings  of  Desmond,  and  Lords  of  Muskerry ;  the  family  of 
which  he  was  the  chief,  illustrious  in  descent,  illustrious  in 
achievement,  illustrious  in  its  alliances  and  in  its  possessions, 
could  well  bear  comparison  with  any  noble,  nay,  more,  with 
any  royal,  house  in  Europe. 

Donal  died,  as  even  the  anointed  of  the  Lord,  with  th6 
exception  of  Frederick  Barbarossa  and  Don  Sebastian  of 
Portugal,  must ;  and  by  his  wife  and  niece  Honora,  daughter 
of  the  sixteenth  Earl  of  Desmond,  left  issue  one  daughter, 
Ellen,  wife  of  Florence  McCarthy  "  Reagh,"  Prince  of  Car- 
bery, a  distant  kinsman  of  the  McCarthy  Mor,  and  chief  of 
a  younger  branch  of  the  widespreading  house  of  McCarthy ; 
his  ancestor,  Donal  Oge,  was  a  younger  son  of  Donal  McCarthy 

VOI,.    I.  Q 


226       The  Last  Colonel  of  the  Irish  Brigade. 

Mor,  King  of  Desmond  in  1195,  of  whose  eldest  son  the  Earl 
of  Glencar  was  the  direct  descendant. 

On  the  death  of  the  earl,  in  1596,  the  clan  Carthy,  accord- 
ing to  the  ancient  Irish  custom,  "the  lewd  and  barbarous 
usage  of  Tanistry,"  elected  as  chief  him  whom  they  deemed 
the  most  worthy  member  of  the  clan.  The  choice  fell  upon 
Florence  McCarthy  Eeagh,  the  earl's  son-in-law,  who,  if  we 
are  to  believe  those  who  knew  him  in  the  flesh,  possessed 
in  a  superlative  degree  all  the  qualities  of  mind  and  body 
that  win  the  love  of  man  and  woman.  His  fortunes  and  mis- 
fortunes, the  wondrous  story  of  his  feverish  life,  cannot  be 
exemplified  in  a  note,  any  more  than  the  glories  of  his 
pedigree ;  on  both  volumes  have  been  written — well-meaning 
volumes,  that  have,  perhaps,  left  matters  more  involved  than 
they  found  them.  It  is  my  immediate  mission  to  treat  of  his 
descendants.  Florence — whose  brother  Dermod,  it  is  perhaps 
worth  mentioning,  married  Helen,  daughter  of  Tady  O'Do- 
noghue,  of  Glantiesk — had  by  his  wife,  Lady  Ellen  McCarthy, 
with  other  issue,  three  sons  :  Tadg,  the  first,  who  died  a  boy- 
prisoner  in  the  Tower ;  Florence,  the  third,  of  whom  later ; 
and  Donal,  the  second,  who  succeeded  his  father  as  McCarthy 
Mor,  and  left  by  his  wife.  Lady  Sara  McDonnell  or  McConnell 
(as  it  was  then  indifferently  spelt  and  spoken),  daughter  of 
the  Earl  and  sister  of  the  Marquess  of  Antrim,  two  sons, 
Florence  McCarthy  Mor,  who  died  without  issue,  and  Charles 
McCarthy  Mor,  father,  by  his  wife,  Honora  Burke,  daughter 
of  Lord  Brittas,  of  one  son,  Eandal,  and  two  daughters, 
Elizabeth  Madame  O'Donoghue,  and  Ellen  Mrs.  Conway. 

The  son,  Piandal  McCarthy  Mor,  married  Agnes,  daughter 
of  Edward  Herbert,  of  Muekross,  and  had  an  only  child, 
Charles  McCarthy  Mor,  commonly  called  the  last  McCarthy 
Mor,  who  died  unmarried  at  Putney,  March  13,  1770,  an  officer 
of  the  first  regiment  of  Foot  Guards  (commission  as  ensign 
dated  June  1,  1761),  of  whom  presently.  The  daughter 
Elizabeth  married  Jefi"ray,  The  O'Donoghue  of  the  Glens 
(he  died  1758),  and  had  issue  Daniel,  The  O'Donoghue,  who 
married  Margaret,  only  child  of  Murtogh  McMahon,  of 
Clonina,  in  Clare  (by  his  wife,  Mary,  daughter  of  Charles 
James  McDonnell,  of  Kilkee),  and  had  issue,  Charles,  The 
O'Donoghue,  who,  dying  in  1808,  left,  with  a  daughter,  Jane, 
wife  of  Sir  James  O'Connell,  Bart.,  of  Lake  View,  a  son 
Charles,  The  O'Donoghue,  who,  dying  at  Florence  in  1833, 
left  by  his  wife,  Jane,  daughter  of  John  O'Connell,  of  Grenagh, 
an  only  child,  Daniel,  The  O'Donoghue,  who  married  Mary, 
daughter  and  subsequently  co-heiress  of  Sir  John  Ennis, 
Bart.,  and,    dying  in   1889,    left,  with   other   issue,  a   son. 


Noti^s  to  Book  III.  227 

Jeffray,  now  The  O'Donoghue  of  the  Glens.  Charles  McCarthy 
Mor,  who  died  in  1770,  left  the  remnant  of  a  once  territorial 
estate,  by  a  somewhat  iniquitous  will,  to  his  maternal  grand- 
father, Edward  Herbert,  of  Muckross.  The  Herberts,  previous 
to  1770,  rented  ^  Muckross  from  the  McCarthy  Mor  for  £20 
per  annum,  as  I  discovered  from  an  old  but,  strange  to  say, 
dateless  deed  in  the  possession  of  Sir  Maurice  O'Connell,  and 
are  therefore  styled  "  of  Muckross "  before  they  acquired 
that  estate.  The  lands  left  hj  McCarthy  Mor  comprised  Pallas, 
Muckross,  Cahirnane,  Castlelough,  Caragh,  and  "  several 
other  denominations  of  land,"  l)eing  the  estates  settled  upon 
Lady  Sara  McDonnell  on  her  marriage  with  Doual  McCarthy 
Mor,  and  restored  to  her  by  an  act  of  grace  of  the  Court  of 
Claims,  July  28,  16G3,  after  her  husband's  death. 

The  O'Donoghues,  next  of  kin  and  natural  heirs,  being 
Papists  and  "  mere  Irish,"  were  not  likely  to  prosper  in  a  law- 
suit ;  yet  such  a  glaring  injustice  could  not  be  entirely  glossed 
over,  and,  legal  i)roceedings  being  instituted,  the  Herberts, 
somewhat  frightened,  were  glad  to  enter  into  a  compromise ;  ^ 
they  retained  possession  of  the  fattest  portion  of  the  heritage, 
and  certain  barren  tracts  in  Glencar  were  ceded  to  the 
O'Donoghues  as  the  price  of  their  silence.  This  property  is 
still  in  The  O'Donoghue's  possession.  Thus  did  the  ancient 
acres  of  the  McCarthy  Mors  pass  into  the  possession  of  a 
family  in  whose  veins  runs  no  drop  of  McCarthy  Mor  blood. 
Captain  Charles  McCarthy,  Count  O'Connell's  friend  and 
brother  officer — the  "  pretty  fellow  "  of  Counsellor  Murphy's 
letter,  given  below — seems  to  have  had  a  perfect  right  to  call 
himself  McCarthy  Mor,  if  he  cared  to  assume  a  barren  and 
landless  title.  Florence  McCarthy  Mor  had  by  his  wife,  Lady 
Ellen,  daughter  of  the  Earl  of  Glencar,  an  elder  son,  Donal 
McCarthy  Mor,  whose  descendants  have  been  already  given, 
and  a  younger  son,  Florence  McCarthy,  who  married  Mary 
O'Donovan,  and  had  issue,  Denis  of  Castlelough  ^ — an  estate 
granted  to  him  by  his  hrst  cousin,  Charles  McCarthy  Mor. 
Denis  married  Margaret  Finch,  and  had  two  sons.  Florence, 
the  elder,  followed  James  IL  to  France,  and,  marrying  Mary, 
daughter  of  Bernard  McMahon,  had,  with  several  other 
children,  an  eldest  son,  Charles,  "the  pretty  fellow,"  who,  on 

1  The  rent  paid  by  Herbert  of  Muckross  is  frequently  mentioned 
in  later  deeds  relating  to  the  Herbert-O'Donoghue  quarrel  anent  the 
McCarthy  Mor  estate.  Some  of  the  deeds  are  in  Sir  Maurice  O'Connell's 
possession. 

2  By  an  agreement,  entered  into  as  late  as  1802,  the  original  of  which, 
together  with  McCarthy  Mor's  will,  is  in  The  O'Donoghue's  possession. 

"  Of  Castlelough  ;  also  called  "  of  Begnis." 


228       The  Last  Colonel  of  the  Irish  Brigade. 

the  death,  in  1770,  of  his  third  cousin  once  removed,  Charles 
McCarthy  Mor,  hecame  de  jure  McCarthy  Mor.  Justin,  the 
second  son  of  Denis  of  Castlelough,  married  Catherine, 
daughter  of  Colonel  Maurice  Hussey,  and  had  a  son,  Eandal, 
who  sold  Castlelough,  married,  and  had  several  children,  "  all 
uneducated  paupers"  ("  Life  of  Florence  McCarthy,"  by  Daniel 
McCarthy,  p.  448,  et  scq.,  quoted  from  Egerton  MSS.  116). 
Florence,  the  "pretty  fellow's"  father,  is  described  as  elder 
brother  to  Justin  of  Castlelough,  because  the  O'Donoghues 
and  O'Connells  would  naturally  know  Justin,  who  lived  near 
Killarney,  though  they  might  have  forgotten  the  existence  of 
his  expatriated  elder  brother. 

The  present  recognized  head  of  the  house  of  McCarthy, 
in  the  male  line  in  Ireland,  is  Mr.  McCarthy,  of  Carrignavar, 
in  the  County  Cork,  who  descends  from  Dermod  (born  1310, 
died  1367),  second  son  of  Cormac  McCarthy  Mor  and  Honora 
FitzMaurice,  daughter  of  Maurice,  sixth  Lord  of  Kerry.  The 
Saxon  has  been  kind  enough  to  ennoble  this  branch  as  Lords 
Muskerry  in  1495,  as  Barons  of  Blarney  in  1578,  and  Vis- 
counts Muskerry  and  Earls  of  Clancarthy  in  1660.  The 
third  son  of  the  first  earl  of  this  creation  was  created  Viscount 
Mountcashel  and  Baron  Castletuohy,  June  3,  1689.  The 
proud  old  race  lives  on,  honoured  in  the  land,  though  its 
lands,  and  even  its  titles  (a  Trench  is  Lord  Clancarthy,  a 
Morgan  is  Lord  Muskerry),  are  the  prey  of  the  invader. 

From  the  middle  of  the  sixteenth  century,  and  I  know  not 
for  how  long  previously,  the  chief  residence  of  the  McCarthy 
Mors  was  at  Pallice,  some  five  miles  from  Killarney.  Close 
by,  at  Grenagh,  now  the  home  of  their  descendant,  Donal 
O'Connell,  great-grand-nephew  of  the  count,  the  curious  in 
such  matters  may  still  see,  in  what  is  even  now  called  the 
"Gallows  Field,"  the  high  green  mound  whereon  the  old 
chieftains  held  their  open-air  court,  and  laid  down  life-and- 
death  laws  of  their  own  making;  "  criminals  passing  to  death 
shuddered  away  at  their  feet ;  "  a  few  gigantic  ash  trees — and 
every  year,  alas  !  they  grow  fewer — mark  the  course  of  the  old 
avenue  ;  but  every  vestige  of  McCarthy  Mor's  house  has  long 
since  vanished.  On  the  high  road  from  Killarney  to  Killorglin, 
between  the  gates  of  Lake  View  and  Grenagh,  stand  the  ruins 
of  the  church  of  Killalla.  Here  runs  the  legend  :  A  certain 
McCarthy  Mor  was  wont  to  hear  his  weekly  Mass.  It  was  his 
execrable  habit  to  be  behind  time ;  but  the  docile  priest  never 
dreamed  of  beginning  the  Mass  until  the  chieftain  arrived. 
One  unhappy  Sunday  there  was  a  strange  priest,  who  hap- 
pened to  be  in  a  hurry,  and  who  had  not  that  respect  for  a 
McCarthy  Mor  innate  in  the  heart  of  every  Kerry  man ;  he 


Notes  to  Book  III.  229 

•waited,  indeed,  but  he  did  not  wait  long  enough.  At  the  most 
solemn  moment  of  the  holy  sacrifice  the  McCarthy  entered 
the  church.  Outraged  at  the  insult  offered  him,  he  strode 
to  the  altar,  drew  his  sword,  and  with  one  blow  cleft  in  twain 
the  officiant's  skull.  He  wiped  his  blade  on  the  vestments  of 
the  prostrate  priest,  returned  quietly  to  Pallice,  and,  being 
McCarthy  Mor,  never  heard  any  more  about  such  a  trilling 
matter.  The  church  was,  not  unnaturall}^  disused  from  that 
day ;  and,  the  legend  adds,  the  McCarthy  Mor  never  again 
heard  Mass. 

One  more  old-world  story.  The  O'Connells  held  Bally- 
carbery  as  hereditary  constables  to  the  McCarthy  Mor  (see 
deposition  of  Teigue  Hurly,  March  28,  1617,  quoted  in  Daniel 
McCarthy's  ''Life  of  Florence  McCarthy,"  p.  404,  et  seq.)} 
The  McCarthy  of  Henry  VIII. 's  day  sent  a  cradle  to  the 
O'Connell  of  the  period — a  shorthand  order  to  O'Connell  to 
send  for  a  child  of  McCarthy's  to  foster.  The  vassal,  who, 
after  the  unhappy  manner  of  his  race,  had  probably  children 
enough  of  his  own,  declined  to  take  the  hint,  and  declined 
somewhat  forcibly  by  cutting  off'  the  messenger's  head  and 
sending  it  back  in  the  cradle.  McCarthy  naturally  hanged 
the  bearer,  and  found  some  more  tractable  retainer  to  nourish 
his  offspring. 

The  following  letter  of  Counsellor  Murphy,  referred  to 
above,  gives  an  account  of  the  death,  burial,  and  will  of  "  the 
last"  McCarthy  Mor.  The  original  is  at  Lake  View.  I  have 
been  unable  to  trace  "  the  pretty  fellow."  A  Count  McCarthy 
figures  among  those  admitted  aux  honneurs  cle  la  cour  de 
France,  in  1777,  and  a  Vicomte  McCarthy  in  1788  ;  but 
they  were  probably  descendants  of  Donal-na-Pipi  McCarthy 
(ob.  1612),  first  cousin  of  Florence  McCarthy  Mor,  Lord 
Glencar's  son-in-law,  some  of  whom  settled  in  France  before 
1776.— [R.  O'C] 

Counsellor  Murphy  to  Madam  O'Donoghue. 

London,  March  18'^  1770. 
Dear  Madam, — I  gave  my  bro''  W"  the  melancholy 
account  of  McCarthy  More's  death  the  very  day  he  died,  that 
he  may  communicate  it  to  you  and  the  friends  of  his  father's 
family.  I  was  one  of  six  who  went  in  two  mourning-coaches 
to  fetch  his  corpse  from  Putney  to  town,  and  saw  him  buried 
in  the   parish    church  of  S*^  Giles's.     The   next   day  I  was 

1  This  book  is  a  remarkable  exception  to  the  generality  of  Irish 
histories  and  histories  of  Irishmen.  It  is  lucid,  accurate,  and  interest- 
ing, and  has  been  of  great  service  to  me  in  the  compiling  of  this  brief 
note. 


230       The  Last   Colonel  of  the  Iris/t   Brigade. 

desired  by  the  grandP  and  his  brother  Tom  to  be  present  at 
the  readinp;  of  the  will,  which  Owen  McCarthy,  the  son  of 
Florence  McCarthy,  who  lived  once  with  your  father,  pro- 
duced, saying  that  the  servant  who  lived  with  McCarthy  More 
before  he  came  to  live  with  him,  had  robbed  him  and  broke 
open  his  trunks,  and  that  upon  his  coming  to  live  with  him 
he  had  examined  these  trunks,  and  that,  seeing  several  papers 
in  them,  he  carefully  carried  them  to  McCarthy,  and  that 
amongst  them  there  appeared  a  will,  w*^**  he  gave  his  master, 
who  read  it,  and  desired  him  to  lock  it  up  in  a  bureau,  where 
it  has  remained  ever  since  open  until  he  then  produced  it. 
You  must  know  this  was  but  one  of  four  parts  of  this  will, 
^ch  ]^p  Herbert  got  made  by  his  attorney,  one  Palmer ;  and 
the  Herbert  family  kept  one  part  of  it,  Palmer  one  part,  and 
M""  George  Brian  a  third  part,  so  that  this  differed  in  nothing 
from  their  parts,  and  therefore  they  knew,  and  M""  Herbert 
talked  to  me  about  the  contents  of  it  before  Charles  was 
buried,  I  understood  from  him  that  you  had  5  or  600£ 
legacy  left  you  ;  but  upon  hearing  it  read,  I  found  y*^  had  not 
one  shilling  left  y",  but  that  500£  had  been  left  to  your 
younger  children,  and  same  to  Mrs.  Conway's  children.  I 
think  200£  to  Sam  McCarthy,  the  eldest  son  of  the  late 
Eandal  McCarthy,  and,  as  I  can  recollect,  this  is  all  left  to  y'" 
family.  Old  M''  Herbert  has  by  this  will  McCartliy  estate  for 
life,  w^^  lOOOoL'  legacy,  and  so  on  to  his  family,  and  after  the 
death  of  the  old  gentleman  the  whole  estate  was  devised  for 
ever  to  Tom  and  Ned  Herbert,  and  to  their  heirs,  so  that 
none  of  y'  family  was  ever  to  have  a  foot  of  it.  200£  were 
devised  to  Mr.  Palmer  the  attorney,  and  200£  to  Mr.  George 
Brien — for  what  I  know  not.  It  is  very  odd  that  M''  Owen 
McCarthy  and  the  woman  and  boy,  tho'  this  will  lay  always 
open  before  them  (by  which  they  saw  they  were  left  totally 
unprovided),  should  not  have  attempted  to  prevail  on  him  to 
make  another  later  will !  It  is  hardly  credible,  but  they  did, 
and  they  are  both  very  silent.  She  wears  a  wedding-ring,  as 
if  married  to  Charles,  and  is  called  Mrs.  McCarthy  in  the 
family  ;  but  all  this  is  nothing  unless  she  can  prove  her 
marriage,  w'''  she  has  not  yet  pretended  to  do,  and  M""  Owen 
affects  a  silence  w*^  to  me  appears  misterious.  The  woman 
has  had  10  or  15  guineas  given  her  for  mourning  and  support, 
and  I  suppose  Owen  is  to  be  taken  care  of.  I  asked  him  some 
questions  w''  puzeled  him,  and  he  said  it  did  not  belong  to  him 
to  say  anything.  I  imagine,  was  you  here,  you  c''^  prevail  with 
Owen  to  speak  out,  and  I  believe  the  pore  woman  w^"  confide 
herself  and  her  child  more  to  you  than  to  them.  I  own,  tho' 
1  have  not  been  at  all  well  treated  by  any  of  you  since  the  late 


Notes  to  Book  III.  231 

poor  McCarthy  More's  time,  it  grieves  and  shoekes  me  for  what 
has  passed,  aud  therefore  I  will,  on  account  of  our  old  inti- 
macy and  the  regard  I  bear  to  the  memories  of  y"^  Brother 
and  Father,  serve  y"  all  I  am  able,  and  therefore  I  write  y"^ 
this  letter,  and  only  conjure  y"  not  to  let  anybody  living  know 
what  I  write  to  y",  or  that  I  wTite  to  y"  at  all,  as  y"  tender  y"" 
own  interest.  First,  then,  I  engage,  suppose  even  there 
should  not  appear  any  other  will,  that  half  the  estate  in  point 
of  law  shall  be  rescued  out  of  their  hands.  I  have  allready 
given  them  a  hint  of  my  opinion  by  making  them  read  one 
clause  of  the  will  twice  over  for  me ;  but  I  s*  not  a  word  to 
them,  tho',  this  morning,  as  it  might  do  good  and  no  preju- 
dice. I  told  their  lawyer,  tho'  they  did  everything  they  c''^  to 
preserve  the  whole  estate  to  themselves,  they  overacted  their 
part,  and  Providence  w''^  rescue  a  moiety  from  them.  When 
I  have  a  power  of  attorney  from  you  and  Mr.  Conway's 
children,  I  will  then  act  openly  for  you,  for  I  care  not  whether 
they  are  pleased  or  displeased.  But  let  me  be  the  first  to  say 
I  will  see  justice  done  you;  but  let  not  a  word  come  from 
you ;  beware  of  Supple  and  all  Killarney  clerks.  Set  out  for 
Corke,  and  there  get  a  ginerall  power  of  attorney  drawn  and 
executed  by  you,  and  by  as  many  of  y"^  children  as  are  of  age, 
and  a  power  from  y"  as  guardian  to  those  who  are  not,  to 
impower  me  to  call  for  a  coppy  or  coppies  of  all  the  wills 
Charles  has  made,  to  demand  in  due  time  their  legacies  if 
no  will  appears  but  this  I  have  seen,  and  in  all  things  to  act 
for  y""  interests,  and  for  y"  all.  A  Notary  or  any  Council  will 
draw  this  for  you  [one  word  illegible],  a  like  one  for  Mr.  Con- 
way and  his  daughters  (for  I  hear  he  has  no  sons),  and  send 
to  me  as  soon  as  you  can ;  but  do  not  delay  sending  me  y"^ 
own  on  account  of  that.  Both  you  and  Mr.  Conway  may  be 
guardians  to  y'  children  under  age,  tho'  Papists,  as  legacies 
are  only  in  question  at  present.  This  will  they  got  made  soon 
after  Charles  came  of  age. 

I  could  wish  for  many  reasons  you  would  come  over 
directly.  The  voyage  is  nothing,  and  you  will  be  well  paid  for 
;y''  journey,  even  under  this  will,  but  you  will  open  the 
mouths  of  Owen  and  of  Madam.  Be  sure  you  secure  the 
possession.  The  tenants  won't,  I  fancy  .  .  .  [illegible]  ...  to 
them  against  y*"  family.  I  have  lately  wrote  to  Dr.  Ankettle 
to  Limerick.  I  hope  to  be  able  to  assist  his  brother;  but  of 
this  hereafter.  If  the  Doctor  or  his  brother  have  any 
papers  to  send  me,  and  you  sh'"*  come  over  as  I  w^''  advise 
you,  bring  me  what  they  may  want  to  send  me.  Write  to  me 
directly,  and  send  y''  pacquet  under  cover  to  Edmund 
Burke,    Esq"^",    in   Fludyer    S"^,  Westm"".     This    only    on  the 


232       The  Last  Colonel  of  the  Irisli   Brigade. 

outside  cover;  the  inside  directed  to  me.  Eemember  me 
affectionately  to  the  few  worth  remembering  amongst  my 
neighbours. 

I  am,  y''  still  sincerely  affect,  friend, 

David  Murphy. 
P.S. — Charles,  the  son  of  Florence,  the  elder  brother  of 
Justin  McCarthy,  is  now  McCarthy  More,  and  a  prettier  fellow 
has  not  been  a  McCarthy  More  this  age  past.     He  is  a  Capt"" 
in  Clare's  Kegim*. 

[Indorsed,  "  Councillor  Murphy's  letter."] 

Mrs.  Conway  was  Ellen,  younger  sister  of  Madam 
O'Donoghue  ;  she,  together  with  her  children,  Ellice  wife  of 
Florence  McCarthy,  Catherine  wife  of  John  Mahony,  Anne 
widow  of  —  Mahony,  Joan  wife  of  Justin  McCarthy,  Ellen 
wife  of  William  Godfrey,  Mary  wife  of  Denis  McCarthy, 
and  Alice,  spinster,  ceded  to  O'Donoghue  all  claim  to  the 
McCarthy  Mor  succession,  in  consideration  of  £1500,  April 
23,  1776.— [R.  O'C] 


Note  B. 
O'Donoghue  of  the  Glens  and  O'Donoghue  Dhuv. 

[Arms :  vert,  two  foxes  ramp,  combatant  ar.,  on  a  chief 
of  the  last  an  eagle  volant  sa.  Crest :  an  arm  in  armour, 
embowed,  holding  a  sword,  the  blade  entwined  with  a  serpent, 
all  ppr. 

The  O'Donoghue  of  the  Glens  bears  the  same  arms  with  a 
different  crest.     A  pelican  on  per  pale,  ppr.] 

The  O'Donoghues  were  of  the  great  Eugenian  race,  i.e. 
of  that  group  of  "chiefly"  houses  traced  to  Eoghan  Mor, 
one  of  Oilliol  Olum's  sons. 

The  pedigree,  sung  by  the  poet  Cathan  O'Dunin  on  the 
inauguration  of  Tieg-an-Enig,  chief  of  his  race,  in  1320, 
gives  twelve  descents  back  from  that  hero.  Four  more  are 
recorded  in  a  subsequent  pedigree,  and  the  achievements  of 
chiefs  and  their  adventures  can  be  followed  in  the  local 
chronicles,  in  the  Four  Masters,  in  Don  Phillip  O'Sullivan's 
"Cathohc  History,"  etc.,  to  the  time  of  James  1.  The 
adventures,  forfeitures,  and  attainders  of  future  chiefs  are 
easily  traced  during  the  Cromwellian  and  Williamite  wars  of 
the  seventeenth  century.  Burke  gives  considerably  over  two 
hundred  years  of  the  modern  descent  of  the  second  branch 
— that  of  the  now  existing  O'Donoghue  of  the  Glens — who 


Notes  to  Book  III.  233 

branched  off  at  the  thirteenth  generation  of  O'Donoghues 
at  Amlilaoibh,  fifth  in  descent  from  Donnchad,  from  whom 
the  O'Donoghues  took  their  clan-name.  Some  cadet  of  the 
family  of  the  Glens  was  called  as  a  nickname  "  Dhuv " 
("Dark"),  and  his  family  retained  the  name.  They  were 
settled  in  Glanflesk  at  a  place  called  Anees,  and  of  this 
family  was  Donal  O'Donoghue  Dhuv,  father  of  Maur-ni-Dhuiy. 
The  O'Donoghue  Dhuvs  seem  to  be  extinct.  Maur-ni-Dhuiv 
had  a  brother  Geoffrey  ;  but  no  one  appears  to  know  if  he  ever 
married,  nor  is  there  any  trace  of  his  posterity.  One  of  her 
brothers  did  marry  and  had  a  daughter  Joan,  who  married 
Denis  McCartie,  of  Churchhill ;  but  the  family  pedigree  is  the 
only  possession  she  seems  to  have  brought  her  husband. 
There  is  no  one  in  Glanflesk  claiming  in  any  way  to  represent 
this  third  family  of  O'Donoghue.  The  late  O'Donoghue  of 
the  Glens  married  Mary,  daughter  and  eventual  heiress  of 
Sir  John  Ennis,  Bart.,  of  Ballinahown  Court,  Athlone.  This 
fine  property  is  entailed  on  her  second  son,  so  that  we  shall 
probably  see  an  especially  prosperous  branch  of  an  ancient 
Munster  "chiefly"  house  estabhshed  on  the  Leinster  and 
Connaught  border.  The  O'Donoghue  retains  the  unsold  and 
unforfeited  ancestral  lands  and  a  portion  of  the  McCarthy 
Mor  heritage  in  Glancar. 

Female  Descents  of  the  O'Donoghue  Dhuvs. 

The  descendants  of  the  O'Donoghue  Dhuvs  in  the  female 
line  are  the  O'Connells  and  their  kindred.  A  great-grand- 
daughter of  Maur-ni-Dhuiv,  Catherine  O'Connell  (daughter 
of  Ellen  of  Carhen,  and  her  cousin  Daniel,  of  the  Tralee 
family)  married  Denis  McCartie,  of  Headfort,  County  Kerry, 
who  descended  from  a  younger  branch  of  the  McCarthys  of 
Muskerry,  as  follows  (see  Cronnelly's  "History  of  the  Clan 
Eoghan,"  i.e.  the  Eugenian  families,  to  which  stem  most  of 
the  Cork  and  Kerry  families  trace  back)  : — 

Dermot  Mor  McCarthy,  first  Lord  of  Muskerry,  born  1310, 
and  slain  by  the  O'Mahonys  1367.     He  left,  with  other  issue, 

Cormac,  Lord  Muskerry,  born  1346,  slain  by  the  Barrys 
in  Cork,  and  buried  in  Gill  Abbey,  on  May  14,  1374.  He 
left,  with  other  issue, 

Tadg,  Lord  Muskerry,  born  1380,  governed  Muskerry  for 
thirty  years,  and  died  1448,  leaving  issue,  Dermot,  ancestor 
of  the  McCarthys  of  Drishane,  and  the  founder  of  the  Castle 
of  Carrigafooka,  near  Macroom,  and  Ellen,  who  married 
Dermot  McCarthy,  Prince  of  Carbery,  Eoghan  of  Eathduane, 
and  his  successors. 

From    this    Eoghan    of    Eathduane   descended    Donagh 


234       The  Last  Colonel  of  the  Irish  Brigade. 

McCartie,  who  lived  temp.  James  II.,  and  who  married  Eva 
O'Donoghue  of  Glanfiesk,  by  whom  he  had  issue, 

Charles,  who  married  a  daughter  of  Barrett  of  Barrett's 
Country,  by  whom  he  had  issue  a  son, 

Charles,  who  married  Mary  O'Leary,  daughter  of  Arthur 
O'Leary  of  Iveleary,  and  niece  of  Colonel  McCarthy  of 
Drishane.     Their  son, 

Denis,  married  Johanna  O'Donoghue  Dhuiv,  niece  to 
Maur-ni-Dhuiv.     Their  son, 

Charles,  married  Mary  O'Donoghue,  of  Killaha,  niece  to 
The  O'Donoghue  of  the  Glens.     Their  son, 

Denis,  married  Catherine  O'Connell,  daughter  of  Daniel 
O'Connell,  of  Tralee,  and  the  Liberator's  sister,  Ellen  of  Carhen. 

Their  son,  Daniel  McCartie,  of  Headfort,  married  the 
Liberator's  granddaughter,  Mary,  daughter  of  Maurice  O'Con- 
nell, M.P.,  of  Darrynane.  These  latter  are  living,  and  have 
nine  children. 

The  branch  of  McCarties  who  had  settled  at  Eathduane, 
the  confiscated  estate  of  their  ancestors,  held  it,  like  most 
Catholics,  on  a  middle  interest — a  lease  of  lives  renewable 
about  every  thirty  years.  These  leases  frequently  went  on 
thus  for  a  couple  of  centuries,  but  during  the  lifetime  of  Denis 
McCartie,  husband  of  Joan  O'Donoghue,  the  lease  was  not 
renewed.  Their  son  Charles  settled  at  a  small  place  called 
■  Churchhill,  near  Millstreet.  His  son  was  left  Headfort  by  an 
old  childless  relative. 

About  the  middle  of  the  last  century,  or  rather  later,  David 
Haly  wrote  to  Mr.  Kean  Mahony,  to  inform  The  O'Donoghue 
that  he  had  found  a  patent  granted  by  King  Charles  I.  to 
Thady  O'Donoghue,  of  Killaghey  (Killaha,  in  Glanfiesk,  The 
O'Donoghue  Glen  country)  in  the  County  of  Kerry,  in  an 
office  in  which  he  was  writing.  He  quietly  annexed  it,  and 
offered  it  for  sale  for  £^  2s.     The  original  is  at  Lake  View. 

O'Donoghue  Anecdotes. 

There  are  many  stories  and  traditions  about  the  O'Dono- 
ghues  of  the  Glens.  The  curse  which  is  said  to  have  pre- 
vailed for  seven  generations  is  accounted  for  in  various  ways. 
It  is  certain  that  The  late  O'Donoghue  (Daniel,  long  M.P.  for 
Tralee),  who  saw  several  of  his  sons  come  of  age,  succeeded 
seven  generations  of  chiefs  who  had  died  during  the  minority 
of  their  heirs.  My  husband,  the  late  Morgan  John  O'Connell, 
whose  sister  married  [Charles,]  The  O'Donoghue  who  was  the 
seventh  on  whom  the  weird  fell,  believed  that,  among  the 
confiicting  stories  of  its  origin,  the  following  was  the  best 
authenticated. 


Notes  to  Book  III.  235 

Geoiirey  O'Donoghue — probably  the  poet-chieftain  whose 
verses  are  still  extant — took  the  Irish  Catholic  side  in  the 
wars  of  the  seventeenth  century,  while  his  younger  brother 
espoused  the  English  cause,  to  the  great  indignation  of  all  of 
his  name  and  creed.  In  some  battle  the  chieftain  killed  his 
brother  in  a  hand-to-hand  conflict.  Their  aged  mother,  when 
the  corpse  of  her  recreant  son  was  brought  home  to  her,  fell 
on  her  knees  and  cursed  the  "  seed,  breed,  and  generation  " 
of  Geoffrey  unto  the  seventh  generation.  The  curse  she 
specially  invoked  was  that  the  son  who  slew  her  son  was  not 
to  see  his  son  of  age,  and  that  it  should  endure  for  seven 
generations. 

Some  quaint  O'Donoghue  stories  were  told  me  by  Mr. 
Marshall,  of  Callinafercy,  the  High  Sheriff  for  Kerry  in  1890, 
whose  great-great-grandmother  was  an  O'Donoghue.  His 
grandmother  knew  her  grandmother,  who  had  told  her  the 
stories  she  told  him. 

Towards  the  middle  of  the  last  century  The  O'Donoghue 
of  the  Glens,  Geoffrey  by  name  (like  The  O'Donoghue  of  to- 
day), had  a  beautiful  daughter,  Elizabeth,  the  aforesaid 
ancestress.  I  fancy  he  must  have  died  when  she  was  very 
young,  but  not  until  he  had  raised  a  considerable  sum  of 
money  on  Killaha,  part  of  his  Glanflesk  property,  round  a 
ruined  castle.  The  lender  was  Mr.  Markham,  a  gentleman  of 
English  descent,  living  at  Brewsterfield,  near  at  hand,  which 
had  been  granted  to  ancestral  English  relatives.  In  course 
of  time,  Mr.  Markham  wooed  and  won  the  beautiful  Elizabeth 
O'Donoghue,  and,  instead  of  a  dowry  or  repayment  of  the 
loan,  received  Killaha. 

The  O'Donoghue  living  in  the  seventies  of  the  eighteenth 
century  was  a  very  wild,  extravagant,  powerfully  strong  man 
named  Donal,  or  Daniel,  whose  mother  was  McCarthy  Mor's 
sister.  After  long  years  of  litigation  with  the  Herberts,  they 
recovered  some  of  the  McCarthy  Mor  property.  Geoffrey,  the 
present  O'Donoghue,  has  some  remnants  of  it  in  Glancar. 

The  O'Donoghue  one  day  sent  an  unusually  fine  salmon 
as  a  present  to  his  sister.  Mr.  Markham  very  kindly  brought 
in  the  rugged  retainer,  bearing  the  huge  fish,  to  his  wife,  who 
happened  to  be  in  the  dining-room.  The  wild  clansman  had 
never  been  further  than  the  kitchen  in  any  gentleman's  house, 
and  was  much  interested  in  looking  about  him.  There  was  a 
flower-knot  outside  the  principal  window,  and  some  fowls  flew 
into  it  while  the  lady  was  engaged  in  getting  out  the  whiskey 
for  him.  He  at  once  shouted  at  the  birds,  and,  clutching  up 
a  sod  from  the  turf-basket,  hurled  it  at  them.  Glass  flew  in 
all  directions,  showering  on  the  peasant's  head  and  face.     He 


236       Tlie  Last  Colonel  of  the  Irish  Brigade. 

dropped  on  his  knees,  and  began  to  pray  hard  and  fast  in 
Irish  ;  for  he  was  ignorant  of  the  properties  of  glass,  or  how  ti 
sharp  shower  of  splinters  could  rain  from  what  seemed. J^i 
wide  open  space,  and  deemed  himself  the  victim  of  some 
enchantment. 

In  a  few  years,  this  wild  retainer,  whom  Mr.  Markham 
begged  from  the  chief,  became  quite  an  accomplished 
footman,  and  attended  his  lady  to  Dublin  about  the  time 
of  the  Rebellion.  There  was  a  sort  of  curfew  law,  and  people 
out  late  without  a  pass  were  arrested.  My  O'Donoghue 
clansman  was  taken  up,  and,  instead  of  giving  a  civil  answer, 
threatened  the  chief  and  all  the  O'Donoghues  of  Glanflesk  on 
those  who  had  presumed  to  touch  O'Donoghue's  clansman. 
I  need  hardly  say  the  plea  was  ineffectual,  and  the  retainer 
was  led  to  a  dark  cell,  already  tenanted  by  one  other  person. 
His  fellow-prisoner  happened  to  be  a  negro  servant  similarly 
entrapped.  They  went  to  sleep  without  any  light,  and  at 
break  of  day  the  sun's  rays  aroused  them.  The  horror  and 
terror  of  the  mountaineer  at  seeing  the  black  man  can  be 
imagined.  He  thought  it  was  the  foul  fiend  incarnate.  He 
immediately  began  to  roar,  curse,  and  pray,  and  when  the 
sentry  fetched  the  turnkey  to  see  what  was  amiss,  he  bounded 
past  the  soldier,  through  the  half-open  door,  dashed  past  the 
sentinels,  and  gained  the  open  streets.  He  never  went  near 
his  employers,  but  ran  like  the  wind  towards  the  open  country. 
Day  by  day  he  tramped  on  until  he  gained  Glanflesk,  and 
never  left  it  more. 

I  fancy  the  following  refers  to  his  old  master. 

An  odd  trait  of  rough-and-ready  old  ways  appears  in  the 
petition  for  compensation  of  a  bailiff  whom  The  O'Donoghue 
of  1776  had  flogged  within  an  inch  of  his  life.  The  chieftain, 
notwithstanding  a  legacy  from  his  cousin,  McCarthy  Mor, 
was  extremely  hard  up,  and  it  was  of  great  consequence  to 
him  that  his  creditors  should  not  serve  him  with  writs.  A 
valiant  bailiff,  Dennis  Houlahan,  had  the  pluck  to  serve  him. 
On  November  25,  The  O'Donoghue  came  up  "in  a  most  furious 
and  outrageous  manner,  armed  with  a  weighty  whip,  seized 
deponent  by  the  breast,  and  dragged  dej)onent  out  of  the 
street  of  Killarney  aforesaid  into  an  orchard  outside  the  town, 
the  door  of  which  he,  the  defendant,  locked.  Defendant  then 
ordered  deponent  to  strip  off  what  clothes  he  had  on,  which 
deponent  refusing  to  do,  defendant  severely  flogged  him  with 
the  heavy  end  of  said  whip."  I  spare  the  reader  the  minute 
description  of  the  subsequent  condition  of  skin  and  shirt  of 
the  outraged  myrmidon  of  the  law,  and  of  the  language 
apphed  to  him.  He  was  also  obliged  to  have  "the  close 
attendance  of  a  chirursjeon." 


Notes  to  Book  III.  '±^7 

Notwithstanding  these  precautionary  measures,  a  number 
of  writs  were  served. 

Note  C. 
The  Strong  Chieftain  and  the  Smith. 

The  son  of  McCarthy  Mor's  daughter  was  a  man  of  gigantic 
strength  and  stature,  and  the  following  story  was  told  to  Mr. 
Marshall  by  his  grandmother,  whose  grandmother  had  told  it 
to  her. 

The  brawny  chieftain  was  the  strongest  gentleman  in 
Kerry,  but  there  was  a  smith  near  Killarney  who  was  the 
strongest  peasant.  The  smiter  of  the  anvil  could  not 
challenge  a  person  of  such  consequence  to  a  trial  of  strength, 
but  he  frequently  and  loudly  bewailed  that  he  did  not  know 
if  he  were  indeed  the  strongest  man  in  the  whole  kingdom  of 
Kerry.  The  O'Donoghue  heard  of  the  other  strong  man's 
standing  grievance,  and  determined  to  gratify  him.  He  dis- 
guised himself  like  a  farmer,  rode  up  on  a  rough  country 
garron,  and  requested  to  have  a  missing  shoe  supplied. 
While  the  smith  was  forging  one,  he  took  up  a  cool  shoe 
which  was  hung  ready,  and  snapped  it  in  two  with  his  hands. 
*'  I  don't  think  much  of  your  shoe,"  said  he.  The  smith 
finished  his  task,  and  the  chief  tossed  him  a  crown  piece. 
"  I  don't  think  much  of  your  crown,"  said  the  other  strong 
man,  snapping  it  between  two  fingers.  O'Donoghue  mounted 
and  rode  away,  and  though  the  smith  was  much  gratified 
that  he  had  been  given  an  opportunity  of  testing  their  respec- 
tive strengths,  it  always  remained  a  moot  point  whether  the 
chief  or  the  peasant  was  the  strongest  man  in  Kerry. — [Com- 
municated by  Mr.  Markham  Marshall,  Callinafercy,  County 
Kerry.] 

Note  D. 
Dirge    of  Arthur  O'Leary. 

[The  greater  part  of  Arthur  O'Leary's  pedigree  will  be 
found  in  the  keen.  I  shall  give  the  family  arms  here.  I 
cannot  be  sure  which  coat  he  bore,  but  am  inclined  to  think 
it  was  the  ship. 

Burke's  "  General  Armoury"  gives  three  sets  of  armorial 
bearings  borne  by  the  O'Learys.  The  McCarthy  O'Leary's, 
of  Coomlagane,  bear  the  first  mentioned. 

O'Learie.  Arms  :  a  lion  pass,  in  base,  gu. ;  in  chief,  a  ship 
of  three  masts  sa.  ;  sails  set  ppr. ;  from  the  stern  the  flag  of 


238       Tlie   Last   Colond  of  the  Irish   Brigade. 

St.  George  flotant.  Crest :  out  of  a  ducal  coronet  or,  an  arm 
in  armour,  embowed,  holding  a  sword  ppr.,  pommel  and  hilt 
gold. 

Motto :  "  Ladir  ise  lear  Eigh  "  {"  Strong  is  the  King  of 
the  Sea,"  or  "  Leariis  powerful ").  Another  motto  :  "  Fortis 
undis  et  armis." 

O'Leary  (Drumcar,  County  Cork,  Fun.  Eut.  Ulster's  Office, 
1637,  Donogh  O'Leary,  gent.).  Per  fess  ar.  and  vert. ;  in 
chief  a  talbot  pass,  gu.,  and  in  base  a  boar  pass,  of  the  first. 
Crest :  an  arm  erect,  couped  below  the  elbow,  vested  az.,  the 
hand  holding  an  evet  or  lizard,  all  ppr. 

0'Lea.ury.  Arms  :  a  falcon,  rising  within  an  ivy  branch, 
moile,  all  ppr.  Crest :  an  arm  in  armour,  couped  below  the 
elbow  and  erect,  grasping  a  dagger,  all  ppr.] 

I  cannot  resist  the  temptation  of  quoting  my  hero's 
sister's  lament.  Eileen  Dhuv,  in  her  wild  and  passionate 
outburst,  seems  to  belong  to  an  earlier  age  than  any  one 
called  by  so  homely  and  prosaic  a  style  and  title  as  "  Sister 
Nellie."  But  we  must  bear  in  mind  that  these  old  native  Irish 
people,  like  Walter  Scotfs  Highlanders,  had  a  sort  of  dual 
existence.  They  spoke  English,  wore  clothes  of  English 
fashion,  and  conformed  more  or  less  to  English  customs  in 
everyday  life ;  but  they  hankered  in  their  hearts  after  the 
lost  lands,  the  old  tribal  rights  and  privileges,  and  in 
moments  of  excitement  used  the  Irish  speech  they  had  first 
learned.  The  curious  custom  of  fosterage,  by  which  the 
children  of  the  gentry  were  always  suckled  by  peasant  women, 
who  remained  about  them  during  childhood,  and  by  which 
their  foster  brothers  or  sisters  constantly  remained  with  them 
as  personal  attendants  through  life,  made  Irish  as  familiar  to 
them  as  English.  The  far  more  flexible  language  lent  itself 
to  emotional  improvisation.  All  that  was  poetical  and  pic- 
turesque, all  that  appealed  to  pride  or  fancy,  was  enshrined 
in  musical  Gaelic  metre.  Miss  Evelina  McCarthy  tells  me 
she  remembers  her  venerable  grand-uncle.  Count  O'Connell, 
in  his  old  age  in  Paris,  reciting  and  expounding  to  her  long 
passages  in  Irish  verse ;  and  surely  he  was  one  of  the  most 
prosaically  sensible  of  men.  Though  I  don't  know  ten  words 
of  Irish  ("  And  more  shame  for  Morgan  John's  wife,"  as  blind 
old  Tiege  McMahon  said  to  me),  I  confess  to  a  certain  sym- 
pathetic stirring  of  the  pulses  when  I  have  heard  passionate 
Irish  verses  recited.  I  am  indebted  to  Sergeant  Michael 
O'Connor,  an  old  follower  of  the  extinct  Falveys  of  Faha,  for 
this  poem,  and  to  Michael  Houlahan  (since  dead),  an  old 
follower  of  the  O'Learys,  a  car-driver  in  Cork,  for  telling  me 
the  retired  sergeant  of  the  R.I.C.  possessed  the  precious  manu- 


Notes  to  Booh  III.  239 

script.  I  hope  some  time  or  other  to  puWish  my  long  account 
of  tlie  tragedies  of  Murty  Oge  O'Sullivan  Beare  and  Arthur 
O'Leary,  and  meanwhile  secure  this  opportunity  of  preserving 
the  keen  by  a  prose  version. 

It  seems  to  me  these  wild  verses  and  fireside  stories, 
though  often  full  of  trivial  details,  are  what  really  throw 
light  on  the  life  of  the  old  native  Irish  gentry — by  no  means 
a  specially  faultless  set  of  people,  but  whose  brave  men  and 
chaste  women  we  gladly  claim  as  the  kinsfolk  of  our  children. 

This  fierce  and  passionate  poetess,  and  this  stately  and 
sensible  veteran,  were  great-grand-aunt  and  great-grand-uncle 
to  my  own  young  son. 

I  visited  Darrynane  in  the  April  of  1890,  and,  a  hundred 
and  seventeen  years  all  but  seven  days  from  the  date  of 
Arthur  O'Leary's  death,  recovered  three  of  the  missing  verses. 
They  were  recited  to  me  by  Mary  O'Sullivan  Liah,  a  tenant's 
daughter,  who  had  picked  them  up,  with  many  verses  already 
preserved,  from  the  recitation  of  an  old  woman,  now  dead, 
named  Kate  Murph3^  She  was  much  helped  by  a  tenant, 
John  James  Galavan,  both  in  reciting  and  translating.  The 
Eev.  John  Martin,  C.C.,  wrote  down  the  verses  from  the 
young  girl's  recitation,  and  translated  them,  J.  J.  Gallavan 
often  making  valuable  suggestions. 

The  Dirge  of  Arthur  O'Leary, 

Shot,  May  4,  1773. 

By  his  Widow,  Eileen  O'Connell,  the  Raven-haired. 

[This  keen  was  copied  by  Mr.  O'Sullivan,  Maylor  Street,  Cork,  from  a 
manuscript  of  Edward  de  Wall,  a  hedge  schoolmaster,  living  in  the  begin- 
ning of  this  century,  who  took  it  down  circa  1800  fi'om  the  recitation  of 
Norry  Singleton,  a  famous  keener.  Dark  Eileen  improvised  it  over  her 
husband's  corpse.  Portions  are  missing,  and  Mr.  O'Sullivan  states  that 
verses  have  been  interpolated.  The  Rev.  Peter  O'Leary,  CO.,  Doneraile, 
kindly  made  me  a  literal  translation,  which  I  have  rendered  into  freer 
language.  I  retain  more  or  less  the  form  of  the  lines,  but  do  not  profess 
to  have  executed  a  metrical  translation.] 

I. 
"  Beloved  of  my  steadfast  heart !  loved  with  the  fondest  love  from  the 
day  1  first  beheld  you  ride  past  the  gable  of  the  market-house.^ 
Eagerly  my  glances  sought  you  ;  then  I  gave  the  deep  love  of  my  heart 

to  you. 
I  stole  away  from  my  kindred  with  you  ;  I  fled  from  my  home  with  you. 
Yet  never  did  I  rue  that  day. 

1  found  chambers  gay  with  tinted  hangings,  parlours  brightly  decked 
for  me. 

^  She  first  saw  him  riding  into  the  square  of  Macroom.  She  was 
visiting  a  lady  whose  house  looked  out  towards  the  corner  of  the  market- 
house,  by  which  he  rode  in.  His  formal  offer  of  marriage  having  been 
refused  by  her  family,  Dark  Eileen  eloped  with  him. 


240       TJie  Last   Colonel  of  the   FrisJi   Brigade: 

Beeves  were  slaughtered,  spits  revolving,  loaves  fresh  kneaded,  eveHs 

heated,  red  wine  flowing  from  the  cask  for  me. 
I  might  sleep  on  downy  pillows,  past  the  morning  till  the  noontide, 

past  the  time  the  maids  went  milking,'  did  I  will  it  so. 


Beloved  of  my  steadfast  heart  !  well  your  beaver  did  become  you,  with 
the  golden  band  around  it  ;  well  your  silver-hilted  sword. 

Thus   equipped  for  deeds  of  daring,  on  your  dark-brown  steed  and 
peerless,  whose  forehead  bore  the  snow-white  star. 

You  made  the  Saxons  quail  before  you,  bowing  down  to  the  very  ground, 

Not  for  any  love  they  bore  you,  but  for  sheer  dread  of  you — 

And  yet  it  was  through  them  you  fell, 

O  darling  of  my  soul  ... 

[The  rest  of  this  verse  is  lost.] 


"  O  my   snowy-handed  rider!    well  your  jewelled  brooch  became  you, 

fastened  in  the  cambric  ruffle,  and  your  beaver  laced  with  gold. 
When  you  returned  from  beyond  the  seas,  all  the  street  was  cleared 

before  you,  not  through  any  love  they  bore  you,  for  deadly  was 

their  hate. 
Beloved  of  my  steadfast  heart  !  when  little  Connor  and  the  younger 

Fiach  O'Leary,  children  of  our  love,  shall  ask  me  where  1  left  their 

father  ! 
I  must  answer  them  with  anguish — 
'  'Twas  in  Cil-na-martyr  ^  that  I  left  him.' 
Loudly  they  will  call  their  father,  who  will  not  now  be  there  to  answer 

to  their  call. 


"  My  love  and  my  darling  !  kinsman  of  the  mighty  Earls,  Barrys,  Lords  of 

Barrymore  ! 
Well  your  slender  sword  became  you,  and  your  beaver  laced  with  gold  ; 

fine  small  shoe  of  foreign  fashion,  and  broadcloth  woven  beyond 

the  seas  ! 
Beloved  of  my  steadfast  heart  !     No  !  I  could  never  credit  that  you  lay 

dead, 
Not  till  your  mare  came  back  to  me,  the  long  reins  trailing  in  the  dust, 

and  your  heart's  blood  on  her  forehead. 
Blood-splashed  the  splendid  saddle,  too,  where  you  were  wont  to  sit 

and  stand. 
I  made  but  one  bound  to  the  threshold  ;  I  made  but  one  bound  to  the 

gate  ;  I  gained  the  saddle  in  one  bound  more  ; 
With  clapping  hands  and  cries  I  urged  her  onward  ;  at  utmost  speed 

the  good  mare  flew, 

1  "  Milking-time  "  in  Munster  Irish  is  synonymous  with  11  a.m.  Dark 
Eileen  does  not  mean  that  she  was  a  sluggard,  but  that,  in  her  rich  young 
husband's  house,  she  was  not  obliged  to  go  and  rouse  the  dairymaids 
herself. 

2  The  family  burial-place  of  the  O'Learys  is  in  Kilcrea  Abbey,  but 
it  was  several  years  before  Dark  Eileen  was  suffered  to  bury  her  husband 
there,  and  the  animosity  of  the  Morrises  forced  her  to  bury  him  in  an 
alien  grave  just  outside  the  old  churchyard  of  Kilnamartyr,  near  Raleigh. 


Notes  to  Book  III.  241 

Nor  paused  till  where  you  lay,  till  where  I  found  you  dead  before  my 

eyes. 
There  was  neither  pope  nor  bishop,  there  was  neither  priest  nor  cleric, 

to  chant  the  holy  psalm  above  my  dead  ; 
Only  an  aged  crone,  withei'ed  and   lean  and   grey,  who   spread   her 

mantle's  ample  folds  above  you,  my  love  and  my  all ! 


[Father  Peter  O'Leary  says  there  was  here  a  beautiful  verse  he  heard 
recited  by  old  people,  describing  the  scenes  through  which  dark  Eileen 
sped.  As  she  did  not  know  where  Arthur  lay,  she  let  the  mare  go  on, 
trusting  to  the  noble  animal's  sagacity  to  find  her  master,  and  merely 
urged  her  to  her  fullest  speed.] 

VI. 

"  Beloved  of  my  steadfast  heart  !  arise  and  come  with  me,  come  back  to 

our  home  vrith  me  ! 
Then  we  shall  gather  a  goodly  company  ; 

Then  beeves  shall  be  slaughtered,  music  shall  echo  through  our  halls  ; 
Then  I  will  spread  our  marriage-bed  with  sheets  of  linen  wide  and 

fine,  and  coverings  dark  and  warm  ; 
Then  the  deadly  chill  which  numbs  your  every  limb  will  pass  away. 

[The  next  verse  is  imperfect.  Eileen  seems  to  be  indignantly  repu- 
diating a  charge  of  having  left  her  dead  to  seek  sleep.  ] 


'  Beloved  of  my  steadfast  heart !  oh,  do  not  hearken  to  the  false,  lying 

words  of  hatred  that  have  been  said  ! 
They  said  I  left  your  side  in  search  of  slumber. 
Alas  !  there  is  no  deep  dreamless  sleep  for  me  evermore. 
I  left  your  side  because  our  babes  were  weeping  ;  I  left  your  side  to 

hush  them  to  their  rest  .  .  . 

VIII. 

''  Good  people,  do  not  listen  to  the  word  of  any  woman  in  all  Erin,  nor 

where'er  the  sun  shines  down. 
Who  is  the  woman,  wedded  to  my  Arthur,  and  mother  of  his  children, 

Who  would  not  go  forth  maddened  among  the  dark  woods  for 

Arthur  O'Leary's  loss  ? — 
He  who  now  lies   stretched  out  dead  before  me   since  the  morn  of 

yesterday. 
O  fell  Morris  !  may  every  curse  befall  you  !     May  your  heart's  blood 

curdle  in  death  within  your  veins  ! 
May  the  sight  leave  your  eyes,  your  limbs  be  stricken  powerless,  you 

slayer  of  my  darling  ! 
And  there  breathes  no  man  in  Erin  to  let  a  bullet  fly  at  you  ! 

IX. 

"  Beloved  of  my  steadfast  heart !  rise  up,  my  Arthur,  spring  on  your  fleet 

steed. 
Go,  ride  through  Macroom  and  far  into  Inshigeela  •  with  the  wine-cup 

in  your  hand,  as  it  flowed  in  the  halls  of  your  sires. 
Endless  my  woe,  and  bitterest  my  sorrow,  that  I  was  not  there  beside 

you  when  the  fatal  ball  was  fired  ; 
O  rider  of  the  smooth  white  hands  ! 

1    )T)l*e  5jl6,  bright  isles  ;  the  old  O'Leary  territory  and  castle. 
VOL.  I.  R 


242       The  Last  Colonel  of  the  Irish  Brigade. 


X. 

"  Keen,  heart-piercing  is  my  grieving  that  I  was  not  close  behind  you  ' 

when  the  fatal  shot  was  fired. 
Would  I  had  been  there  to  get  it ! 

Would  that  it  had  struck  my  garments,  or  haply  my  right  side  ! 
Would  it  were  I  that  was  stricken,  and  that  you  went  scatheless  on, 

0  my  blue-eyed  rider,  and  lived  to  aim  avenging  shots  again  ! 

XI. 

"  Beloved  of  my  steadfast  heart  !  vile  the  treatment  of  my  hero,  of  the 

treasure  of  my  heart. 
Nought  is  left  him  but  a  coffin  and  a  coffin  lid  ;  nought  else  for  my 

knight  of  the  generous  heart — 
He  who  was  wont  to  angle  in  crystal  streams,  and  quaff  the  red  wine 

in  halls,  and  toast  me  as  the  Lady  of  the  snowy  bosom. 
Woe  is  me  a  thousand  times,  who  am  bereft  of  his  sweet  company  ! 


"  Torture  and  destruction  seize  you,  Morris,  vile  and  treacherous  wretch, 
Who  robbed  me  of  the  head  of  my  household,  slew  the  father  of  my 

babes  of  tender  age  ! 
Two  are  just  playing  through  my  dwelling;  the  third  yet  slumbers 

beneath  my  breast. 
Alas  !  I  fear  I  may  not  give  it  birth. 


"  My  love  you  are,  and  the  light  of  my  heart  ! 
When  you  passed  out  the  gate,  you  turned  quickly  back,  you  kissed 

your  children  once  again,  and,  smiling,  kissed  your  hand  to  me  ; 
You  said,  '  Arise,  Eileen  ;  be  quick,  and  set  all  gear  in  order  with  all 

your  care  and  skill ! 
I  go  from  home  this  day  ;  perchance  I  shall  never  return. ' 
I  thought  he  spoke  the  words  in  playful  jesting,  as  he  had  often  jested 

thus  with  me  before. 


*'  My  loved  one  and  my  treasure,  my  knight  of  the  bright  sword  ! 
Arise,  and  don  your  garb  of  broadcloth  fine  and  smooth  ; 
Throw  on  your  beaver,  draw  on  your  gloves,  take  your  whip  from  its 

crook. 
The  mare  stands  saddled  without  the  door  ;  go,  hasten  by  yon  narrow 

track  to  the  east  ; 
The  very  boughs  will  bend  down  low  to  greet  you  ;  the  streams  will 

narrow  their  waters  to  let  you  pass  ; 
The  men  and  the  women  will  greet  you  respectfully. 
Unless,  as  I  fear  much,  the  old  gentle  manners  are  lost  to  them  now. 

XV. 

0  my  beloved,  sole  treasure  of  my  bosom  !  I  weep  not  for  my  kindred 

dead  and  gone. 
Nor  were  our  children  dead  would  I  bewail  them  so. 

^  She  means  on  the  pillion,  in  which  case  her  arm  would  be  passed 
round  his  waist,  and  might  have  received  the  fire. 


Notes  to  Book  III.  243 

I  wail  not  Donal  Mor  O'Connell,  nor  young  Connell  drowned  in  the 

raging  sea, 
Nor  the  lady  of  twenty-six  summers  who  has  crossed  the  wide  ocean  to 

dwell  in  the  courts  of  kings.' 
No  pangs  such  loss  could  cause  would  rend  my  bosom  as  the  sight  I 

witness  now. 
I  gaze  upon  my  Arthur,  my  horseman  of  great  prowess,  the  rider  of  the 

dark-bro\vn  mare, 
Who  was  stricken  on  the  green  plain  of  Carriganimma. 
Accursed  be  the  spot !  accursed  be  its  name  ! 


Oh  my  dear  one,  my  true  love  ! 

Still  your  wailing,  O  ye  kindly  women  of  the  streaming  eyes, 
Till  my  Arthur  quaffs  to  you  ere  he  sets  forth  to  school. 
Not  for  verse  or  lore  is  it  he  goes  there,  but  he  goes  where  earth  and 
stones  shall  lie  heavy  on  his  dust. 


"  Beloved  of  my  steadfast  heart ! 

Could  my  voice  but  reach  the  shores  of  Darrynane  Mor  or  Carhen, 

where  the  golden  apples  grow, 
Many  a  horseman  fleet  and  brave,  many  a  stainless  maiden  veiled  in 

white,  would  hasten  at  my  call ; 
Would  be  here  to  wail  above  you, 
O  Arthur  O'Leary,  my  brave  one  ! 


"My  heart's  love,  O  my  darling  ! 
Your  heavy  com  is  garnered  in  ; 
Your  kine  stand  by  the  milking-maids  ; 
But  my  heart  is  full  of  anguish  for  your  loss — 
Anguish  that  is  bound  within  it  as  within  a  fast-locked  casket, 
Whose  key  is  lost,  whose  rusty  hinges  will  not  yield  to  pressure. 
Not  all  the  might  of  Munster, 

Not  all  the  smiths  within  the  confines  of  the  Fenian  Isle,^  can  loose  it 
till  my  Arthur  comes  again. 
[The  three  foregoing  verses  are  those  recovered  at  Darrynane.] 


"  You  are  my  true  love,  you  are  my  darling  ! 
Arthur,  son  of  Connor  O'Leary — Connor,  who  was  son  of  Cedach, 
Who  was  son  of  Lewis  O'Leary  from  the  west,  where  lies  the  Gerah, 

and  from  the  east  where  the  long  narrow  mountain  ridges  rise, 
Where  the  wild  berries  grow  and  tawny  nuts  on  waving  boughs. 
And  apples  weigh  the  branches  down  in  autumn  days. 

1  She  refers  to  the  death  of  her  father,  Donal  Mor  (Big  Daniel) 
O'Connell,  of  Darrynane  ;  the  drowning  of  her  young  brother  Connell  ; 
and  the  long  absence  of  her  sister,  the  wife  of  Major  O'Sullivan,  of  the 
Austrian  Service. 

2  "Fenian  Isle" — a  poetical  name  for  Ireland,  meaning  the  isle  of 
the  Fenian  heroes  :  the  Fianna,  or  warriors  of  Finn-mac-Cumhal  of  famous 
memory,  father  of  Ossian  the  bard. 


244       Tlie  Last  Colonel  of  the  Irish  Brigade. 

Let  them  kindle  fires  of  mourning  through  the  country  of  Ive-Leary, 
By  the  holy  Gougane  Barra,  and  the  lands  of  Ballengeary, 
For  the  snowy-handed  rider, 

For  the  hunter  unsurpassed,  who  would  speed  from  distant  Grenagh, 
While  his  fleet  greyhounds  lagged  outstripped  behind. 
What  befell  my  blue-eyed  rider  ? 

Clothed  in  the  shirt  of  mail  my  love  procured  him,  I  thought  him  safe 
from  every  harm. 

XX. 

"O  my  beloved  one  !  you  counted  kindred  with  all  the  great  and  noble 

in  the  land  ; 
Your  kinsmen  were  the  heads  of  great  old  houses,  where  in  old  times 

eighteen  fosterers  would  feast  at  one  board. 
Theirs  the  rich  gifts,  milch  cows,  brood  mares,  the  sow  and  her  litter, 

the  mill  by  the  ford. 
Bright  silver  and  yellow  gold,  silken  and  velvet  stuff's,  and  rentless  lands. 
All  these  were  given  in  guerdon  for  the  rich  milk  of  their  bosoms — given 

to  the  offspring  of  fair  and  noble  dames. 


XXI. 

0  my  beloved,  my  white  dove  !  My  love  for  you  is  living  in  the  inner- 
most depths  of  my  heart. 

Reproach  me  not  that  three  mourners  are  absent  this  day. 

They  lie  in  close  and  darkened  chambers  in  a  dreamless  torpid  sleep 
that  wakens  not. 

Ah  !  but  for  the  small-pox  and  the  fever  and  the  Black  Death,  they  and 
their  followers  would  be  here,  a  goodly  gathering. 

They  would  be  riding  with  slackened  rein,  and  making  the  hillsides 
quake 

As  the  stillness  is  broken  by  the  heavy  thud  of  trampling  steeds. 

Thus  would  they  have  hastened  to  your  funeral,  O  my  Arthur  of  the 
snowy  breast. 


*'  O  my  beloved,  the  light  of  my  soul,  kinsman  of  the  brave  and  noble 

company  whose  headlong  charge  at  the  hunt  was  wont  to  shake  the 

valleys  and  the  hillsides  ! 
Many  a  time  you  led  them  homewards,  where  a  hearty  welcome  met 

them. 
Knives  were  whetted,  joints  dismembered,  streaky  flitches  set  before 

them,  and  sides  of  mutton  where  no  bones  were  seen. 
Full-grained  oats,  meet  food  for  hunters,  filled  the  mangers  to  o'er- 

flowing. 
Crested  steeds  and  grooms  to  tend  them  might  tarry  'mid  plenty  while 

their  masters  stayed. 
These  were  as  brothers  among  friends. 


"  O  my  loved  one  !  O  my  darling  !  an  awesome  vision  came  to  me  in 
sleep  as  I  slept  alone  in  Cork,  within  the  city's  bounds. 

I  thought  I  saw  the  Gerah  wither,  as  though  some  raging  fire  had  swept 
across  its  trees. 

The  fair  house  where  we  dwelt  beside  it  crumbled  to  the  ground. 


Notes  to  Book  III.  245 

Your  swift  hound  was  struck  dumb,  the  song-birds  all  turned  voiceless, 

and  you  lay  dead  on  a  dreary  mountain-side. 
I  thought  you  lay  there  stiff  and  stark  and  lifeless. 
There  was  neither  priest  nor  cleric  near  you,  only  an  aged  crone  who 

flung  her  mantle's  ample  folds  aci'oss  your  breast. 
O  Arthur  O'Leary,  then  I  saw  you  ;  there  was  blood  in  heavy  clotted 

masses  on  your  garments. 
And  it  had  flowed  from  out  your  breast. 


"  My  darling,  my  secret  love,  whose  love  is  buried  in  the  innermost 
depths  of  my  soul  !  well  your  riding  garb  became  you  ; 

The  five  ribbed  stocking,  the  boot  to  the  knee,  the  fine  laced  beaver 
cocked  in  three, 

Your  free  swinging  whip,  as  you  paced  at  ease  on  your  ambling  hack. 

Many  a  modest  and  gentle  maiden  would  gaze  admiring  as  you  rode  by. 

XXV. 

**  Beloved  of  my  steadfast  heart !  when  you  entered  wealthy  cities, 
The  merchants'  wives  would  show  you  great  respect. 

[This  verse  is  defaced.     I  suppose  she  must  have  described  his  buying 
costly  goods  and  bringing  them  to  her.] 

XXVI. 

*'  I  swear  before  Christ,  that  if  the  need  arise, 
I  will  sell  the  coif  from  ofl'  my  head. 
The  garment  from  my  back,  the  shoe  from  my  foot. 
The  gear  within  my  house,  ay,  to  the  brown  mare's  very  bridle, 
And  spend  it  all  in  law  to  seek  justice  for  my  dead. 
If  needs  be,  I  will  cross  the  seas  and  lay  my  wrongs  before  the  king. 
If  he  will  not  hearken  to  my  tale,  I  will  come  back  again  to  seek  the 

villain. 
The  black-blooded  wretch,  who  tore  my  loved  one  from  my  side. 

xxvii. 
**  Thanks  from  my  heart  to  ye,  fair  women  of  the  mill. 
Who  poured  the  tide  of  mournful  song  above  my  dead, 
Who  mourned  the  brown  mare's  rider.   .  .  . 


"  May  pangs  of  anguish  rend  your  heart,  O  Shawn-a-Cuniagh  ! ' 
When  'twas  for  a  bribe  you  slew  him,  why  came  you  not  to  me  ? 
The  richer  bribe  would  have  been  mine  to  spare  his  life. 
A  bawn  of  kine,  or  sheep  and  lambs,  and  a  crested  steed,  who  would 
bear  his  rider  scatheless  through  hostile  ranks  in  days  of  peril. 

XXIX. 

*'0  my  snowy-handed  rider,  whose  mighty  arm  hangs  nerveless  by  your 
side  ! 
Go  to  Baldwin, 2  harsh  of  feature,  mean  of  spirit,  gaunt  and  long  and 
leixn  of  limb, 

^  This  curse  is  on  a  peasant  to  whom  Arthur  O'Leary  had  been  very 
kind,  and  who  for  a  bribe  betrayed  him  to  the  soldiers  who  shot  him. 

2  It  is  supposed  that  Mr.  Baldwin  had  the  mare  given  up,  which  in 
the  then  state  of  the  laws  was  the  wisest  thing  he  could  have  done  for 
the  widow  and  children.  Eileen's  curses  are  also  because  he  refused 
being  a  party  to  the  Corsican  vendetta  she  set  on  foot. 


246       Hie  Last   Colonel  of  the  Irish  Brigade. 

Make  him  answer  for  his  conduct,  what  he  did  about  your  mare  ;  and 

how  he  treated  your  beloved. 
May  he  never  live  to  see  the  blooming  of  the  six  babes  round  his  board  ; 
But,  oh,  let  Mary  be  left  scatheless  ! 
Not  that  I  love  her  much  ;  but  that  she,  too, 
For  thrice  three  months, 
Lay  'neath  my  mother's  breast." 


Note  E. 
Baldwin  of  Clohina,  County  Cork. 

[They  have  for  the  last  three  hundred  years,  in  memory  of 
the  alliance  of  their  ancestor,  quartered  the  Herbert  arms. 
They  bear — 

Quarterly,  1st  and  4th,  Baldwin  arg.  a  chevron  erm. 
between  three  oak  branches  ppr. ;  2nd  and  3rd,  Herbert  party 
per  pale  az.  and  gu.,  three  lions  ra.  arg.,  armed  and  langued 
or.] 

The  first  of  this  name  to  come  into  the  south  of  Ireland 
were  two  brothers,  cadets,  perhaps,  of  the  ancient  Shropshire 
house  of  Bawdewin,  Baldwyn,  or  Baldwin,  of  Dodelebury,  who 
settled  in  the  neighbourhood  of  Bandon,  in  the  reign  of 
Elizabeth.  The  elder  married  a  daughter  of  Herbert  of 
Powis,  by  whom  he  had  three  sons,  Walter  {oh.  s.p.),  Herbert, 
and  James  (Colonel),  who  purchased,  in  1678,  the  estate  of 
Clohina  from  the  celebrated  Valentine  Greatrakes ;  this  he 
bequeathed  to  his  nephew  Herbert,  second  son  of  his  brother 
Herbert. 

Herbert  Baldwin,  of  Clohina,  married,  in  1689,  Mary,^ 
daughter  of  Colonel  Hungerford,  of  the  Island,  County  Cork, 
by  his  wife  Mary,  daughter  of  Sir  Emanuel  Moore,  and  was 
grandfather  of  James  Baldwin,  of  Clohina,  who  in  1763 
married  Mary,  daughter  of  Daniel  O'Connell,  of  Darrynane, 
by  whom  he  had  three  sons — Walter,  Connell,  and  Herbert. 
The  two  elder  died  without  issue.  Herbert,  who  was  for  many 
years  M.P.  for  Cork,  left  a  son  Herbert,  who  died  s.p.,  and  a 
daughter  Mary,  wife  of  John  O'Sullivan  Beare. 

The  parents  of  James  Baldwin  were  James  Baldwin,  of 
Clohina  (married  1726,  died  1776),  and  Elizabeth  Langton, 
of  Bary,  County  Limerick. — [Pi.  O'C] 


Note  F. 

A  Century  and  a  Half  of  Dr.  Leynes  in  Tralee. 

Arms  (from  an  ancient  seal)  :  a  tree  eradicated,  a  snake 
entwined    descendant,,  supported    by    two    lions    rampant. 


Notes  to  Booh  III.  247 

Crest :  an  arm  mailed  in  armour,  coiiped  at  the  elbow, 
the  hand  grasping  a  dagger.  Motto:  "Fortitudine  et 
prudentia." 

Dr.  Teigue  Leyne,  who  may  have  been  the  Teigue 
O'Leyne,  a  cornet  in  Carroll's  Dragoons  in  the  army  of 
James  II.,  died  about  1723,  in  which  year  his  wife,  who  bore 
the  pretty  foreign  name  of  Violetta,  registered  a  lease  to 
him  of  premises  in  Tralee.  After  him  came,  in  1759,  Dr. 
Jeremy  Leyne,  M.A.  and  M.D.  of  the  University  of  Avignon, 
who  married  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Geoffrey  O'Connell,^  of 
Kilkeeveragh,  County  Kerry,  by  Elizabeth,  daughter  of 
Edmond  Conway,  of  Glanbeigh,  and  Joanna,  daughter  of  John 
Fitzgerald,  of  Ballycarthy.  Dr.  Jeremy  Leyne  was  succeeded 
by  his  son,  Maurice  Leyne,  M.D.,  Paris,  the  correspondent 
of  Captain  Eickard  O'Connell,  to  whom,  on  his  death, 
succeeded  his  son,  Dr.  Jeremiah  Leyne,  who  died  in  1872. 

The  father  of  Dr.  Leyne  (in  his  diplomas  nohilis  dominus 
Jeremias  O'Leyne)  was  Dermot  O'Leyne,  of  Killarney,  and 
his  mother  was  Catherine,  daughter  of  John  Fitzgerald,  of 
Adare,  whose  property,  or  a  portion  of  it,  passed  into  the 
hands  of  the  Quinns,  Lord  Dunraven's  ancestors. 

Dr.  Jeremy  Leyne's  wife  was  an  aunt  of  Captain  Eick 
of  the  Brigade,  who  was  therefore  cousin -german  to  Dr. 
Maurice  Leyne.  The  latter  was  for  j&fty  years  the  physician 
and  personal  friend  of  the  principal  families  in  Kerry. 

I  take  from  a  Kerry  paper  the  following  extract  respecting 
him  : — 

"  Dr.  Maurice  Leyne,  like  many  other  sons  of  old 
Catholic  families,  had  been  educated  in  France  before  the 
Eevolution.  He  was  a  very  clever  physician,  and  a  highly 
educated  man ;  a  w-elcome  guest  at  all  the  best  houses  in 
the  county,  but  especially  at  Ardfert.^  Over  and  above  his 
agreeable  conversational  powers  in  French,  Italian,  and 
English,  Dr.  Maurice  Leyne  had  a  good  voice,  and  a  much 
rarer  gift,  almost  equal  to  that  of  Theodore  Hook,  of 
improvising  capital  songs,  into  each  verse  of  which  he 
managed  to  weave  a  playful  allusion  to  each  member  of 
the  company  he  found  himself  in  at  an  evening  party.  An 
old  lady  used  to  repeat  a  long  and  very  clever  song  of  this 
kind  sung  by  Dr.  Leyne  at  Lohercannon  House,  then  the 
residence  of  Sir  Edward  Denny.  In  sparkling  wit  and 
drollery  it  quite  equalled  anything  I  ever  read  of  Hook's. 
There  was  nothing  ill-natured  in  it ;  for  what  Moore,  in  his 

'  Referred  to  p.  48,  vol.  i. ,  where  he  is  designated  in  Irish  Sheara-na- 
mo-Mor,  Anglich^  "  Geoffrey  of  the  Vast  Herds." 
^  The  Earl  of  Glandore's. 


248       Tlie  Last   Colonel  of  the  Irish  Brigade. 

beautiful   poem,   said   of   Sheridan,    applied   equally   to   Dr. 
Leyne's  improvised  songs — 

'  His  wit,  in  the  contest,  was  gentle  as  bright, 
Ne'er  carried  a  heart-stain  away  on  its  blade. '  " 

According  to  a  writer  in  the  Kerry  Evening  Post,  Dr. 
Leyne  was  a  descendant  of  Colonel  Leyne,  of  Dingle,  in 
1641 ;  and  in  Miss  Hickson's  invaluable  work,  "  Old  Kerry 
Eecords,"  it  is  stated  that  towards  the  end  of  the  fifteenth 
century  The  MacGillicuddy  of  the  Reeks  married  a  daughter 
of  one  Dermot  O'Leyne.  Dr.  Leyne  married,  in  1786,  Agnes 
Euth  Herbert,  daughter  of  Cornelius,  The  MacGillicuddy  of  the 
Beeks. 

The  Kerry  O'Leynes  are  descended  from  the  ancient  tribe 
of  O'Liathain,  owners,  before  the  invasion,  of  a  large  tract  in 
the  south  of  County  Cork,  which  included  the  district  called 
after  the  clan,  Carrigaline,  i.e.  O'Leyne's  Eock,  so  named 
from  the  rock  at  the  head  of  the  river  on  which  still  stand 
the  ruins  of  De  Cogan's  castle,  built  there  after  he  and  the 
Barrys  had  expelled  the  O'Leynes  from  their  territory, — [Con- 
tributed by  Mr.  J.  Leyne,  Registry  of  Deeds,  Dublin,  great- 
grandson  of  Doctor  Jeremy  O'Leyne  above  mentioned,  whose 
Irish  Christian  name,  Dermot  (Dhiarmid),  was  always 
rendered  in  other  languages  by  the  name  of  the  Hebrew 
prophet,  Jeremias,  Jeremiah,  Jeremy,  etc.] 


(     249     ) 


BOOK  lY. 

COLONEL  O'CONNELL. 

1780-1783. 

No  letters  from  Daniel  Charles  O'Connell  from  October,  1778,  to 
March,  1780— Captain  Kickard  and  others  fill  the  void— Rickard's 
first  letter  of  1780  dates  from  Cam  bray — Recruiting — Marching 
— Colonel  O'Connell's  kindness — A  true  friend— Flanders-Robin 
Conway — Eugene  McCarthy — Little  Maurice  Geoflrey  O'Connell — 
Sir  Maurice  (Charles  Phillip)  O'Connell  and  other  small  boys — 
Captain  Robin  Conway  to  Hunting  Cap  (Bergues,  February,  1780) 
— A  little  cousin — The  colonel  gone  to  Strasbourg — Robin  loses 
his  mother-in-law — Little  Robin  to  play  the  pipes  for  promotion 
— Colonel  O'Connell,  "my  best  and  worthyest  of  friends" — Mrs. 
Seggerson — The  Cross  of  St.  Louis — Our  hero's  portraits — Paris, 
March,  1780 :  Colonel  O'Connell  to  Hunting  Cap — Thanks  for 
money  —  Knowledge  of  the  affairs  of  the  country  —  Going  to 
Strasbourg — Little  Maurice  to  be  presented  to  Duke  de  Fitz- 
James — Eugene  McCarthy  gone  to  Martinico  as  captain  in  his  regi- 
ment— Chevalier  O'Mahony — Doctor  Council — Account  of  Colonel 
Eugene  McCarthy — Strasbourg,  May,  1780  :  Dan  to  Hunting  Cap — 
Old  friends — Royal  Swedes — Genealogy — Earl  of  Glandore — Coun- 
sellor Fitzgerald — Little  Maurice  gone  to  college — The  O'Connells 
at  home  and  abroad — Irish  gossip — Knight  of  Kerry  to  Maurice 
O'Connell,  on  roads — Iveragh,  the  asylum  of  rogues  and  vagabonds 
— Maurice's  reply  to  Knight  of  Kerry — On  the  affairs  of  the  barony 
— Volunteer  corps  —  Account  of  a  shipwreck  —  Captain  Rickard 
writes  from  Cambray  (January,  1781) — Sentiment — An  exile  from 
Erin — Rickard's  cold  and  cure — Colonel  O'Connell,  as  usual,  the  best 
of  friends — Poor  Conway — No  letters  from  Colonel  O'Connell  from 
May,  1780,  to  April,  1783— He  is  mentioned  as  with  the  battalion 
at  Minorca — Quite  well  in  Captain  Rickard's  letter — A  letter  (1782) 
mentions  his  brilliant  prospects — Chevalier  Bartholomew  O'Mahony — 
Port  Phillip  and  Gibraltar — Daniel  is  invited  to  serve  in  Russia — 
Later  in  Portugal — O'Callaghan  on  our  hero — Port  Mahon — The 
siege  of  Gibraltar — Allied  forces  of  Spain  and  France — Drinkwater 
describes  the  times — News  from  Portugal — The  Spanish  Fleet — Fort 
St.   Phillip  besieged — Surrender  of  Fort  St.  Phillip — Lieut. -Colonel 


250       The  Last  Colonel  of  the  Irish  Brigade. 

O'Connell  to  Rickard  O'Connell  (December,  1781) — Grant's  account  of 
the  landing  of  the  Due  de  Crillon — O'Connell  specially  and  honourably 
noticed — Account  of  Minorca  from  the  "Annual  Register" — General 
Murray's  description  of  the  fall  of  Port  Phillip — Captain  Rickard  to 
Hunting  Ca^i  (December,  1781) — Is  in  Ireland,  ill — Dan  with  the 
battalion  in  Minorca — Dan's  letter  to  Rickard  from  Gibraltar — Dan's 
pedigree — Captain  Rickard  pedigree-hunting — "  Flirting  the  mother 
of  mischief" — Colonel  O'Connell's  "College" — Chevalier  O'Mahony 
— Captain  O'Connor  writes  to  him — Rickard  speaks  of  Dan's  brilliant 
success  at  Gibraltar — The  Liberator  on  his  uncle — Anecdotes  of  the 
Colonel — Old  Kerry  newspaper — Count  de  Vaudreuil — Fine  friends — 
Vaudreuil  on  O'Connell — Our  hero  at  Cadiz — Siege  of  Gibraltar,  and 
list  of  officers  there — Due  de  Crillon-Mahon — O'Connell  a  member  of 
the  council  of  war — ^Names  of  the  battering-ships — Count  Fersen — ' '  Le 
Beau  Fersen  " — Fersen's  generosity — Account  of  the  floating  batteries 
from  the  "  Annual  Register  " — Contemporary  account  of  our  hero  on 
board  the  floating  batteries — Prince  of  Nassau — "  That  day  of  wrath  " 
— O'Connell's  coolness  in  danger — Plot  on  his  life — Saves  his  friends 
and  others — Wounded — A  shell  bursts — "Annual  Register  "  continues 
— Captain  Curtis — Letter  of  a  French  officer — Family  tradition — Mr. 
James  Roche — Chevalier  Bartholomew  O'Mahony  writes  (Paris, 
October,  1782)  to  Hunting  Cap — Congratulates  him  on  Dan's  pro- 
motion— Pedigree  a  necessity — Cambray,  October,  1782  :  Chevalier 
O'Mahony  again — Dan  wounded,  but  recovered — Brothers  in  arms — 
Perils  at  home— The  penalties  of  smuggling — The  mysterious  crooked 
knife — Captain  Whitwell  Butler — The  smugglers  caught — Gallantry 
of  Captain  Butler— Young  O'SuUivan,  of  Couliagh — Ow  n  McCrohan 
writes  to  Morgan  O'Connell — Plots — Informers — Mr.  Dominic  Trant, 
M.P. — Trants  of  Dovea — Maurice  O'Connell  to  Counsellor  Dominic 
Trant — Foul  plot  against  Hunting  Cap — Honourable  conduct  of  Judge 
Henn,  Dominic  Trant,  Lord  Annaly,  and  other  Protestants — Several 
letters  about  this  matter — Triumphant  refutation  of  all  calunmies, 
and  perfect  vindication  of  Maurice,  Morgan,  and  Daniel  O'Connell. 

No  letter  of  Daniel  Charles  O'Connell's  can  be  found  from 
October  15,  1778,  to  March  12,  1780.  This  period  of  a  year 
and  three  months,  however,  is  pretty  fully  recorded  in  stray 
sentences  in  other  people's  letters.  Eickard  O'Connell,  of 
"  Walsh's,"  gratefully  and  graphically  describes  his  colonel's 
devoted  friendship  in  his  first  letter  of  1780.  Eickard  shall 
march  in  with  the  year ;  kind  Captain  Eobin  Conway,  who 
is  always  doing  good  turns,  and  Colonel  O'Connell  shall  then 
resume  the  pen. 

Eickard  O'Connell's  first  letter  for  1780  gives  a  most 
graphic  description  of  marching  and  recruiting,  and  such  an 
account  of  my  hero's    unfaltering   kindness    as   more   than 


Colonel   aConnell  251 

justifies   his  enthusiastic    eulogies    on  his    "  almost    adored 
patron,"  as  he  styles  him. 

On  January  11,  1780,  he  writes  from  Cambray,  from 
whence  so  many  Brigade  letters  are  dated. 

At  Cambray,  where  we  are  Sent  for  the  sake  of  Recruit- 
ing, we  shall  probably  stay  a  Long  time.  Our  Batallion  is 
reduced  to  the  Company  of  Grenadiers,  not  compleat ;  3 
Fusileers  in  Health,  about  20  in  Different  Hospittals ;  some 
Sergeants  and  Corporals  of  the  lowest  condition,  the  Ghost 
of  our  lately  Compleat  .  .  .  out  of  Brittany.  You  have  no 
Idea,  my  Dear  Maurice,  of  the  misery  of  a  subaltern  Officer 
on  a  Long  March,  especially  if  sufficiently  useful  to  be  Much 
.  .  .  During  the  greatest  part  of  Our  last  Route,  I  have 
been  ...  in  the  Morning  untill  midnight  with  the  Rearguard, 
whose  duty  it  is  to  Conduct  the  Sick  and  the  Baggage.  Our 
Pay,  which  we  receive  only  at  the  Etappe,  is,  on  a  March, 
from  45  to  48  Sols,  and  25  of  which  we  are  Obliged  to  pay 
for  y^  hire  of  a  Horse.  Ill-clad,  for  we  always  Wear  our 
Worst  cloathes  on  a  Route ;  almost  sleepless.  Fatigued  to  death, 
Bemired  from  Head  to  Foot  by  the  badness  of  the  Shocking 
roads,  Without  being  able  to  Shave  or  change  Linen  for 
several  days.  Together  with  an  Empty  Purse,  and  its  con- 
comitant, not  Rarely, — what  fine  pleasure  it  would  Afford  you 
to  see  Me  in  this  Pickle  at  Dreux  ?  Besides,  I  had  a  Scheme 
of  slipping  to  Paris  and  Surprising  you,  but  Colonel  O'Connell, 
to  Whom  I  wrote  to  get  me  Leave,  writes  to  me  in  his  Last 
that  he  Sacrificed  the  pleasure  of  Seeing  me  to  the  Pleasure 
of  Hearing  that  I  was  Fasting,  watching,  drudging,  etc.,  etc., 
night  and  day,  "  pour  le  bien  du  service." 

The  Colonel's  Unremitting  Attention  to  my  Interests  is, 
indeed.  Astonishing  in  these  days,  when  Rising  Men  in  all 
Professions  never  cast  Away  a  thought  on  any  Other  object 
but  their  Own  advancement ;  when  it  is  a  Maxim  that  to  Ask 
favours  for  a  Friend  takes  away  from  Your  right  of  asking  for 
yourself.  But  he  Has  a  soul  Above  policy,  a  Soul  whose 
passion  it  is  to  do  good  and  to  Redress  the  wrongs  of  Fortune. 
In  his  Letters  he  gives  me  distant  Hints  that  he  Has  a 
plan. 

Cambray,  March  23,  1780,  Rickard  is  coughing,  choking, 
and  shivering,  unable  to  afford  change  of  air. 

"  No,  My  friend ;  here  I  must  Stay,  at  Patrolling  and 
Dressing  recruits  untill  His  Majesty  thinks  proper  to  Order 
us  to  some  other  Country.  Here  I  must  Stay  in  this  Fine 
Corn-field — for  Flanders  is  Really  nothing  else — Consuming  a 


252        The  Last  Colonel  of  the  Irish  Brigade. 

Fourtli  of  my  pay  next  Winter  in  Stinking  coals  to  heat  An 
infernal  Stove,  and  strive  to  Exclude  theKigours  of  this  Most 
disagreeable  Climate." 

Eickard  abuses  Flemish  snows,  regrets  the  fair  wilds  of 
Lower  Brittany,  and  complains  of  all  the  reading  and  writing 
his  profession  entails  on  him. 

Eobin  Conway's  letter  is  a  practical  illustration  of  Eickard's 
assertions  about  our  hero's  kindness. 

From  first  to  last  he  brought  out  three  nephews  and 
two  cousins.  Eugene  McCarthy,  of  Oughtermony,  his  sister 
Betty's  son,  died  a  lieut.-colonel  in  British  Service.  Marcus 
0' Sullivan,  of  Couliagh,  his  sister  Honora's  son,  died  a  cap- 
tain in  British  Service.  Little  Maurice,  son  of  Geoffrey 
Maurice  O'Connell,  died  a  captain  in  British  Service.  Sir 
Maurice  (Charles  Phillip)  O'Connell,  son  of  Charles  Phillip 
O'Connell,  died  in  1846  a  British  general  and  Governor  of  New 
South  Wales.  Maurice  O'Connell,  of  Carhen,  the  Liberator's 
brother,  my  hero's  nephew,  died  a  lieutenant  in  British  Service. 

Captain  Eobin  Conway  writes  to  Maurice  O'Connell,  of 
Darrynane,  what  is  practically  a  receipt  in  full  for  "Little 
Maurice,"  and  the  seventeen  guineas  he  had  about  him. 

Captain  Robin  Conway  to  Maurice  O'Connell,  of  Darrynane. 

Bergues,  St.  Vermoiix,  February  28,  1780. 

Dear  Cousin, — This  day  I  rec*^  your  much  esteem'd 
favour  of  the  19*^  November  last,  by  the  hands  of  Cousin  M. 
O'Connell,  who  arrived  safe  at  this  house  after  8  days'  passage 
from  Corke  to  Ostend.  I  can  assure  you,  my  dear  Maurice, 
that  your  reccommendation  has  greater  weight  with  me  than 
all  Ireland,  but  must  let  you  know  it  was  quite  unnecessary  to 
reccommend  Maurice  Council  in  the  strong  terms  you  have. 
I  hope  you  are  fully  persuaded  of  my  desire  of  serving  any 
gentleman  from  my  Country,  Especially  my  own  flesh  and 
Blood.  Whilst  he  stays,  we  shall  not  make  the  least  dif- 
ference between  him  and  my  own  son.  He  is  like  to  remain 
with  me  a  month  or  more.  [Some  references  to  the  boy's 
illness  are  crossed  out  in  modern  ink.]  I  wrote  to  the  Colonel 
by  this  post,  but  am  afraid  he  parted  for  Strasbourg,  where 
his  regiment  lays,  even  so  we  have  time  enough.  The  Child 
cannot  well  part  till  well  cured.  I  have  your  letter  before 
me,  which  draws  drips  of  blood  from  my  heart  to  hear  of  the 


Colonel  OConnell  253 

situation  of  my  poor  Brother.  God  is  Judge  of  my  heart  and 
way  of  thinking.  Were  it  in  my  power,  tlie  poor  dear  man 
should  not  sufifer  one  moment ;  but  it's  not.  You'd  oblige  me 
if  in  one  of  your  letters  you  asked  my  Brother  my  Situation. 
He  is  the  man  living  who  knows  my  circumstances  best. 
This  summer  I  travelled  430  Leagues,  which  put  me  to  great 
Expence,  and,  to  crown  my  fate,  lost  my  Mother-in-law,  the 
V^  of  Ocb'''^  last,  three  days  after  I  arrived  to  my  home.  The 
death  of  this  good  woman  deranged  me  much,  leaving  a  debt 
of  £155  stg.,  which  I  was  obliged  to  pay  in  the  course  of  21 
Days.  I  must  own,  if  my  good  Brother  arrived,  he  could, 
without  hurting  himself,  spare  that  poor  man  7  or  8  guineas 
a  year.  I  have  not  seen  him  these  3  years  past,  nor  won't 
till  I  hear  he  relieves  his  poor  brother.  The  Worthyest  of 
men,  your  Brother,  engaged  me  last  9''''°  to  write  to  him.  I 
did,  and  had  no  answer.  My  poor  man  expects  to  hear  from 
me.  Tell  my  poor  man  I  shall  never  write  to  him  till  in  my 
power  to  relieve  him.  I  shall  endeavour  for  next  summer  to 
send  for  little  Robin.  Wished  he  applyed  till  then,  and  that 
he  made  some  progress  in  playing  on  the  pipes,  by  which 
means  Duke  FitzJames  will  make  him  an  officer  on  the  spott. 

My  little  family  are  composed  of  2  sons  and  2  daughters, 
the  eldest  now  12  years  old,  my  eldest  son  7  and  the  youngest 
child,  called  Daniel,  11  months.  He  was  called  Dan'  to  com- 
pliment his  Godfather,  Colonel  O'Connell,  my  best  and 
worthyest  of  friends.  Adieu,  my  dear  Maurice.  May  the 
Heavens  prosper  you  with  all  the  sincere  wishes  of  Your 
affect.  Kinsman  ! 

R.  Conway. 

The  little  fellow  arrived  here  with  17  guineas  in  his 
pocket.  Mrs.  Segerson  seems  uneasy  about  her  brother. 
Assure  her  he  is  well,  if  he  had  Cash  enough.  I  mean  Mr. 
Prendergast. 

My  best  Compliments  to  Mrs.  Connell  and  all  other 
friends  that  will  ask  for  me.  I  hope  before  now  that  my 
good  Brother  has  wrote  to  Ireland,  as  I  prayed  Cousin  Daniel 
to  write  him  a  scholding  letter. 

We  can  make  out  from  my  hero's  own  letters  and  from 
the  contemporary  account  that  he  was  chiefly  engaged  in 
pushing  his  fortunes  through  the  influence  of  Count  de 
Maillebois,  and  in  severe  study  at  Paris  during  the  winters. 
He  refused  promotion  in  the  East,  and  having  been  dis- 
appointed of  serving  in  America,  was  then,  through  the 
influence   of   the   Minister,    sent    back   as   lieut. -colonel    to 


254        The  Last  Colonel  of  the  Irish  Brigade. 

his  old  original  regiment,  the  Eoyal  Swedes,  some  time 
before  May,  1778.  Curiously  enough,  I  cannot  make  out 
when  he  obtained  the  Cross  of  St.  Louis  which  he  wears 
in  his  miniature  at  Darrynane,  with  the  uniform  of  the 
Irish  Brigade.-^  The  miniature  represents  a  handsome  man, 
with  the  fresh,  fair  complexion,  blue  eyes,  and  dark  brows, 
seldom  seen  in  conjunction  out  of  Ireland.  Doubtless  the 
hair  was  dark  too,  but  it  is  thickly  powdered  and  tied  behind 
in  a  queue.  He  wears  a  prodigious  cocked  hat,  with  silver 
tassels  at  the  points,  and  a  red  coat  with  a  blue  plastron 
laced  with  silver  and  silver  epaulettes,  a  black  stock  and 
white  cambric  frill.  He  wears  the  Cross  of  St.  Louis  on  its 
little  bit  of  flame-coloured  ribbon — not  the  broad  red  grand 
cordon  and  star  of  his  picture  as  an  old  general.  Comparing 
the  little  miniature  of  the  middle-aged  man,  and  the  life-sized 
portrait  of  the  old  one,  we  can  get  a  very  good  idea  of  him. 
He  was  very  tall,  erect,  and  muscular,  without  a  superfluous 
ounce  of  flesh.  The  expression  is  cheerful  and  wide  awake. 
The  eyes,  larger  and  longer  than  the  famous  Daniel's,  are  the 
same  light  blue  ;  but  there  all  resemblance  ends.  The  count's 
face  is  oval,  with  a  rather  aquiline  nose  very  delicately  cut 
about  the  nostrils ;  the  mouth  is  small,  well-formed,  firmly 
shut,  but  good-humoured ;  the  chin  is  full  and  firm,  and  has 
a  strongly  marked  dimple.  The  forehead,  concealed  in  the 
young  man's  picture,  is  high,  very  well  formed,  and  full  over 
the  temples.  The  dark  eyebrows  are  well  arched  and  well 
defined,  even  in  extreme  old  age,  and  the  veteran  has  pre- 
served plenty  of  snow-white  hair.  Both  portraits  confirm  the 
tradition  of  good  looks,  and  have  that  dignified  old-world 
hel  air  for  which  he  was  distinguished  through  life.  He 
makes  such  a  point  that  the  young  nephews  sent  out  shall  be 
of  good  appearance,  strength,  and  stature,  that  we  can  well 
believe  he  had  found  a  handsome  face,  a  fine  person,  and 
pleasing  manners  no  smaU  help  in  his  uphill  struggle  with 
fortune. 

'  The  miniature  represents  Daniel  Charles  O'Connell  as  Colonel  of 
the  4th  Regiment  of  the  Irish  Brigade,  when  King  George  III.  had 
brought  over  the  Irish-French  officers,  headed  by  the  Duke  of  Fitz  James, 
and  formed  an  Irish  Catholic  Brigade. 


Colonel  OConnell.  255 


Lieut.-Colonel  Daniel  Charles  O'Connell  to  Maurice  O'Connell, 
of  Darrynane. 

Paris,  March  the  12'^  1780. 

I  rec'*  my  D''  Brother's  Letters  of  the  26'^  January  but  2 
Days  Since,  and  return  him  my  most  warm  and  unfeigned 
thanks  for  the  bill  it  contained.  I  had  it  directly  presented 
here,  and  it  has  been  accepted  payable  the  17""  next  month. 
This  very  timely  succour  will  enable  me  to  discharge  my 
present  Emharras,  and  to  appear  at  my  Eegiment  in  a  more 
easy  and  comfortable  footing.  I  am  perfectly  sensible,  my 
dear  Brother,  how  necessary  and  incumbent  on  me  to  use  the 
Strictest  Economy,  without  which  my  appointment,  tho'  much 
beyond  what  I  hitherto  enjoyed,  did  not  answer  my  Calls. 
Unhappily,  every  step  we  make  in  the  career  of  honours  in 
this  Country  brings  on  an  Addition  of  Expence  which  is  con- 
sidered as  an  Essential  part  of  the  obligations  of  the  Man  of 
rank  and  Dignity.  Nothing  can  repair,  in  the  eyes  of  the 
publick,  any  omission  or  economy  of  this  nature.  However,  I 
know  from  experience  that  with  Attention  and  Care  a  small 
income  goes  far.  Be  assured  mine  shall  be  managed  with 
the  strictest  frugality.  However,  there  are  "some  particular 
cases  where  it's  sometimes  prudent  to  Sow  for  to  Eeap.  This 
consideration  will  induce  sometimes  the  most  prudent  man  to 
anticipate  on  his  revenue — from  an  expectation  of  increasing 
it.  Had  I  not  followed  this  course,  and  had  I  sat  down  con- 
tent at  my  Eegiment,  I  might  live  and  die  a  Captain  of 
Infantry,  whereas  at  present  I  am.  Thank  God,  in  a  posture 
of  pushing  my  fortune  far  beyond  even  my  present  Station  ; 
but  no  doubt  that  will  require  an  Attendance  on  the  Great, 
whose  friendship  I  am  beholden  to,  and  from  whom  I've  still 
more  to  hope ;  and  attendance  in  that  line  of  life  brings  on 
Expence.  This  I  tell  you,  my  D"  Brother,  only  to  give  you 
an  idea  of  my  position.  Least  you  may  think  me  inclined  to 
spend  and  lavish  money  intemperately.  Be  assured  I  am  far 
from  it,  and  I  venture  to  assure  you  that  no  character  can 
be  better  established,  as  well  in  point  of  honour  and  delicacy 
as  for  prudence  and  economy,  than  mine.  I  wish  you  may  be 
convinced  that  I  deserve  this  opinion  of  me,  and  hope  that 
experience  will  prove  to  you  hereafter  that  the  plan  I've  laid 
down  to  myself,  and  which  I  follow,  has  been  conceived  and  is 
the  pure  result  of  my  Observations  and  the  Knowledge  I  have 
of  the  Nature  of  Affairs  in  this  Country. 

I  rec''  your  letter,  which  contained  Mrs.  Burke's  receipt. 
But  it  came  to  hands  only  a  few  days  after  my  letter  to  you 
was  gone  oif.     Hitherto  there  has  been  no  miscarriage,  so  it 


256        The  Last  Colonel  of  the  Irish  Brigade. 

seems  quite  useless  to  charge  Mr.  Hennessy  to  receive  my 
letters,  I  should  fear  an  omission  on  his  part,  rather  than 
from  the  post.  I  shall  be  at  Strasbourg  towards  the  15"* 
April,  therefore  you'll  please  to  direct  thereafter  as  below. 

Little  Maurice  is  at  Bergue  since  the  latter  days  of 
February.  He  brought  over  with  him  a  troublesome  com- 
panion, of  which  he  must  be  cured  ere  I  venture  to  shew 
him.  I  expect  him  down  here  towards  the  30^'S  when  I 
shall  present  him  to  Duke  FitzJames,  and  then  send  him 
down  to  College.  I  am  of  opinion  Dan  must  send  him 
over  a  supply  of  a  dozen  pounds  before  the  end  of  the 
Summer.  The  first  expence  is  heavy,  but  after  he  shall  be 
discharged  of  all,  or  at  least  he  shall  demand  only  the  price 
of  a  coat  from  time  to  time.  Eugene  is  gone  with  part  of  his 
Reg'  to  Martinico,  and  behaved  so  well  on  the  tour  he  made, 
that  on  his  return  here  I  got  him  a  Captain's  Commission 
and  a  gratification.  He  received  two  wounds  in  a  certain 
Engagement  which  made  some  noise  in  the  World.  I  hope 
he  is  changed  for  the  better.  I  have  recommended  him  to 
the  care  of  Chev.  Mahony,  who  is  with  battalion  of  Walsh's 
Regiment.  Our  friend  [name  torn  off]  ^  commands  it.  He 
promised  me  to  take  some  measures,  if  possible,  to  send  me 
something  from  time  to  time  for  his  poor  Sister  Bourke.  If 
he  does,  I  shall  be  careful  to  remit  it  on  the  spot.  It's  better, 
I  believe,  not  to  mention  it  to  her,  lest  she  may  conceive 
expectations  which  may  prove  Vain,  tho'  I  hope  they  may  be 
effected.  Nothing  can  be  done  in  the  affair  of  Doctor  Connell. 
The  College  is  at  law  with  his  Executor.  Farewell,  my  d" 
Brother.  Receive  again  the  true  acknowledgements  for  your 
extreme  kindness,  which  I  feel  with  the  most  real  gratitude. 
My  Duty  and  Love  to  my  Mother.  Most  tender  affections  to 
my  Sister.     Farewell,  D""  Brother  once  More. 

D.  O'C. 

My  address,  a  Monsieur  O'C,  Lieutenant-Colonel  du 
regiment  de  Royal  Suedois,  a  Strasbourg. 

Maurice  Leyne  is  now  with  us,  and  desires  his  compli- 
ments.    He  is  a  young  man  of  great  merit  and  parts. 

I  am  happy  to  hear  that  my  Mother  is  well,  all  to  some 
gouty  complaints  which  sometimes  affect  her.  I  hope  my 
Sister  is  also  well.  How  are  all  the  others  ?  Pray  remember 
me  to  them.  How  is  Brother  Morgan  and  family?  My 
compliments  to  Dan. 

Our  colonel  evidently  refers  to  Eugene  McCarthy's  dis- 
tinguished bravery  in  the  engagement  with  the  British  ship 

^  It  must  be  Colonel  FitzMaurice,  as  Mrs.  Burke  was  his  sister. 


Colonel  OConnell,  257 

Serapis.  The  following  account  is  quoted  from  a  memoir  of 
the  Liberator,  by  his  son  John.  The  writer  says  Eugene 
escaped  unhurt,  but  I  naturally  infer  that  his  uncle,  who  saw 
him  soon  after,  knew  best. 

In  his  memoir  of  the  Liberator,  John  O'Connell  tells  us 
how  a  company  of  the  Irish  Brigade,  under  the  command  of 
Lieutenants  McCarthy  and  Stack,  volunteered  as  marines  on 
Paul  Jones's  ship,  Le  Bonhomme  Richard,  and  were  the  only 
officers  unwounded  when,  in  command  of  three  French  vessels 
of  war,  he  engaged  the  British  off  Flamborough  Head,  in  1778. 
"  He  took  the  British  frigate  Serajns,"  says  John  O'Connell, 
"with  the  loss  of  his  own  ship,  which  sank  as  he  boarded  the 
Serapis.  It  is  a  singular  fact  that  Lieutenants  McCarthy 
and  Stack,  who  boarded  with  their  few  surviving  marines 
from  the  tops,  were,  although  the  most  exposed,  the  only 
French  officers  unhurt  in  the  action  ;  and  that  one  of  them 
[McCarthy]  died  a  lieutenant-colonel  in  the  British  Service, 
and  the  other  [Stack]  died  a  general  in  the  same  service." 

I  have  received  the  following  account  of  Colonel  Eugene 
McCarthy  from  his  niece.  Miss  Evelina  McCarthy,  grandniece 
to  Count  O'Connell,  and  second  cousin  to  my  dear  husband. 
At  a  very  advanced  age  she  retains  her  faculties  unimpaired, 
and,  having  spent  her  life  abroad,  knows  a  great  deal  about 
the  Irish  in  France.  I  sent  her  a  list  of  queries.  Here  is 
her  reply  about  Eugene— 

"  The  next  person  you  mention  is  Colonel  Eugene 
McCarthy,  the  youngest  son  of  my  grandmother  (Betty 
O'Connell),  Mrs.  McCarthy.  He  was  eight  years  older  than 
my  mother,  the  youngest  of  sixteen  children.  I  remain 
alone  the  sole  representative  of  that  large  family.  Colonel 
Eugene  went  to  France  to  his  uncle  [Count  O'Connell]  when 
he  was  about  ten  years  old.  I  have  heard  from  many  who 
knew  him  that  he  was  a  splendid  man,  a  polished  gentleman 
and  accomplished  soldier,  who  would  have  risen  to  the 
highest  posts  of  his  career  had  not  it,  like  that  of  many 
others,  been  stopped  by  the  Kevolution.  He  got  permission 
from  Louis  XVI.  to  accompany  La  Fayette  and  Eochambeau 
to  America.  He  sailed  in  the  ship  commanded  by  the 
celebrated  Paul  Jones.     They  put  in  under  the  Skellig  Rocks, 

VOL,  I.  s 


258       The  Last  Colonel  of  the  Irish  Brigade. 

opposite  Darrynane,  and  some  of  the  officers,  Irish  and  Kerry 
men,  landed  to  get  recruits  for  the  cause  of  America.  My 
uncle  was  on  the  point  of  landing  also,  but  was  kept  back  for 
the  second  boat.  However,  only  one  landed.  Soldiers  under 
a  magistrate  covered  the  shore,  and  arrested  them.  One  of 
the  gentlemen  was  able  to  say  in  Irish  to  my  great-grand- 
mother [Maur-ni-Dhuiv]  that  her  grandson  was  safe  on 
board.  I  have  a  rosary  my  uncle  got  conveyed  to  my  mother 
that  he  brought  from  France  to  her.  On  the  breaking  up  of 
the  Eoyalist  Army  he  was  for  a  time  aide-de-camp  to  the 
Ihike  of  York.  I  am  not  quite  sure,  but  I  think  he  accom- 
panied him  in  his  inglorious  campaign  in  the  Netherlands. 
He  died  young,  and  left  no  children." 

"Walsh's,"  in  which  Eugene  was  captain,  as  his  uncle 
tells  us,  had  gone  to  Tobago  before  the  fight  off  Martinique 
between  Count  de  Grasse  and  Sir  Samuel  Hood,  in  which 
seven  hundred  of  "Dillon's"  took  part  in  April,  1781;  how- 
ever, both  Irish  regiments  bore  a  part  in  its  conquest  by  the 
Marquis  de  Bouille,  in  June,  1781. 

O'Callaghan  does  not  give  us  the  names  of  all  the  officers 
who  took  part  in  the  brilliant  surprise  of  the  Isle  of  St. 
Eustache,  by  the  Marquis  de  Bouille,  in  the  following 
November.  He  made  Lieut. -Colonel  Thomas  FitzMaurice 
governor  of  the  island.  As  this  brave  and  most  kind-hearted 
man  was  in  "Walsh's,"  and  was  first  cousin  to  Eugene's 
mother,  and  specially  requested  by  Count  O'Connell  to  look 
after  his  nephew,  it  is  more  than  probable  he  contrived  to 
get  the  young  captain  a  place  in  the  three  hundred  men  from 
"Walsh's"  who  shared  in  the  expedition  where  honour  and 
profit  were  happily  combined. 

Our  colonel  gives  the  following  pleasant  picture  of  his 
return'  to  the  regiment  in  which  he  had  first  served  : — 

Strasbourg,  May  the  10'\  1780. 

My  Dear  Brothee, — On  my  departure  from  Paris  I 
deffered  writing  to  you  until  my  arrival  here,  and  since  have 
been  so  occupied  that  I  really  cu'd  not  sooner  satisfy  my 
impatience  to  give  you  an  account  of  the  reception  I  met  with 
among  my  old  friends  of  Eoyal  Sweedes.  It  was  natural  to 
suppose  my  introduction  might  have  been  disagreable  to 
some   old   officers   who  were   Captains   when   I   enter'd   the 


Colonel  O'Connell.  259 

Service,  and  still  continue  in  the  same  rank;  however, 
nothing  can  Equal  the  friendship  and  fondness  I  have  met 
with  from  them  all,  and,  far  from  discovering  the  least  dis- 
pleasure, they  seem  highly  satisfied  to  serve  under  me.  I 
shall  leave  no  stone  unturned  to  make  myself  agreable  to  a 
sett  of  brave  and  honest  veterans  with  whom  I  hope  to 
acquire  some  day  honour  and  glory;  at  the  same  time,  if 
fortune  answers  my  expectations,  and  that  of  my  friends,  I 
might,  before  a  year  or  two  at  most,  quit  them  for  a  better 
post ;  but  hopes  are  no  certainty.  At  all  events,  my  present 
rank  is  honourable  and  satisfactory,  tho',  I  must  own,  I 
carry  my  views  far  beyond  it,  and  flatter  myself,  with  the 
assistance  of  the  Almighty,  to  succeed. 

There's  a  matter  of  the  greatest  consequence  for  to  pro- 
mote my  fortune  and  expectations — I  mean  that  of  my 
Genealogy.  That  is  a  point  so  much  looked  to  in  this 
country,  that  without  it  a  man,  whatever  his  merit  and 
capacity,  will  scarse  ever  rank  amongst  the  great.  It's 
indispensably  necessary  to  be  presented  at  Court  for  to  roll 
with  the  Nobility,  &  to  be  admitted  to  that  honour  a  genea- 
logy must  be  produced,  supported  by  authentic  Deeds,  re- 
cords, or  family  acts,  which  prove  the  candidate  having 
ranked  amongst  the  Nobles  of  his  Country  at  least  since  the 
year  1400.  The  genealogy  you  sent  me  cannot  serve  that 
pm'pose,  as  being  divested  of  j)roofs  and  quoting  no  record, 
act,  or  deed  of  any  kind  to  support  any  filiation  sett  forth 
therein ;  for  which  reason  it  may  be  supposed  to  be  made  up 
without  foundation.  I  give  you  on  the  other  side  a  notice  of 
the  Publick  Offices  where  some  affidavits  or  transactions  rela- 
tive to  our  family  may  be  more  probably  met  with,  and  where 
Count  de  Serrant  [Walsh,  whose  brother  took  over  Charles 
Edward  in  his  merchant-ship  and  supplied  a  man-of-war] 
and  others  of  our  countrymen  found  the  eclaircisments  and 
proofs  on  which  they  built  the  Edifice  of  their  Extraction  in 
the  most  ample  manner ;  but  as  I  know  how  remote  these 
ideas  are  from  the  present  mode  of  thinking  amongst  you, 
I  scarsely  flatter  myself  that  you  will  make  the  necessary 
searches  to  procure  me  the  like.  Nor  does  your  position,  so 
remote  from  the  Capital,  where  these  publick  offices  are,  admit 
of  it,  tho'  you  were  even  disposed  to  go  to  the  trouble  and 
tiresomeness  of  turning  over  old  nasty  mouldering  papers. 
The  person  immediately  interested  can  alone  be  able  to 
persevere  in  so  tedious  an  investigation.  No  doubt  you 
must  put  off  that  untill  Peace  shall  permit  me  to  go  over 
myself  and  persue  my  aim ;  but  en  attendant,  my  Dear 
Brother,  you  can  render  me  a  most  essential  service  by  pro- 


260       The  Last  Colonel  of  the  Irish  Brigade. 

curing  a  Certificate,  signed  and  attested  by  several  Members 
of  both  Houses  of  Parliament,  particularly  those  of  Munster, 
setting  forth  that  Colonel  Daniel  O'Conuell  is  descended  of 
one  of  the  most  ancient  and  considerable  of  the  old  Milesian 
families  of  Ireland,  formerly  possessed  of  considerable  pro- 
perties in  Ireland,  particularly  in  the  Countys  of  Limerick, 
Kerry,  and  Clare,  and  the  County  of  Dublin,  of  which  pro- 
perties they  were  stripped  or  divested  off  by  the  Eevolution 
of  Ireland,  particularly  that  of  1690  [torn].  Such  an 
attestation,  which  I  doubt  not  the  Earl  of  Glandore  and 
Counsillor  Fitz Gerald  cu'd  procure  you  to  be  Signed  and 
certified  by  a  sufficient  number  of  Members  of  both  Houses, 
might  answer  my  purpose  and  serve  me  in  lieu  of  a  Genealogy 
which  cannot  be  obtained  without  considerable  Expence  and 
trouble.  Pray,  my  dear  Brother,  let  me  know  in  your  next 
whether  I  can  expect  you  may  be  able  to  procure  me  such  a 
Piece,  and,  if  so,  you  must  take  care  to  have  it  Drawn  out  on 
Parchement  and  certified  by  a  Notary  Publick,  or  tabellion,  who 
must  certify  the  Signing  and  Seal  of  those  who  attest  it.  My 
receiving  it  before  next  winter,  or  at  least  for  New  Year, 
may  have  a  most  favourable  influence  on  my  fortune  if 
it  should  be  procur'd.  It  would  be  best  to  forward  it  to 
London,  whence  I  mean  to  have  it  over.  I  rely  on  your 
friendship  for  me,  my  D''  Brother,  and  indeed  you  will  render 
service  therewith  to  more  than  one  person  of  the  family,  as 
my  success  in  life  must  prove  favourable  to  all  my  friends 
and  indigent  relations. 

Little  Maurice  got  a  severe  fit  of  sickness,  of  which  he  had 
like  to  have  died.  He  is  gone  over  to  join  his  Colledge,  where 
he  has  already  3  or  4  behind  him.  I've  not  seen  him,  as  I 
was  forced  to  quit  Paris  ere  he  was  in  a  condition  to  travel. 
Farewell,  my  Dear,  D''  Brother.  I  mentioned  to  you  in  due 
time,  and  thanked  you  for  your  last  remittance.  May  God 
preserve  my  D"^^  Brother  and  friend !  How  much  are  you  not 
wanting  to  us  all,  and  what  are  we  not  beholden  to  you  for — 
surely  I  before  any  other?  That  all  blessings  may  ever 
attend  you,  my  Dearest  Brother,  is  the  most  sanguine  wish 
of  your  ever  loving  and  most  grateful  brother, 

D.  O'C. 

My  most  tender  Duty  to  my  D*"  Mother,  and  most  affec- 
tionate compliments  to  my  Sister.  Remember  me  to  all 
friends.  My  address  is  as  follows:  a  Monsieur,  Mons.  le  Chev' 
O'Connell,  Colonel  d'Infanterie,  Lieutenant- Colonel  du  Regi- 
ment de  Royal  Suedois. 

The  publick  records  of  Ireland  are  in  Dublin,  viz.  Roll's 
Office,   forfeiture  Office,  Birmingham  tower,  Trinity  Colledge 


Colonel  GConnell  261 

Library,  where  there  exist  old  visitations  of  Several  Counties 
by  Molineux  King-at-Arms,  with  an  account  of  the  state  of 
the  Different  families  in  his  time  in  said  Counties. 

It  is  most  probable  that  there  exist  in  the  records  some 
papers  relating  to  our  family,  and  setting  forth  their  ancient 
position  and  forfeitures. 

How,  when,  or  where  Daniel  O'Connell  got  made  Chevalier 
de  St.  Louis  we  are  not  informed.  He  is  "  M.  le  Chevalier  "  in 
this  letter,  and  to  get  it  one  had  to  serve  in  a  campaign  with 
distinguished  bravery. 

Count  O'Connell  refers  precisely  to  the  sources  from  which 
the  brief  account  of  his  family  prefixed  to  this  memoir  is 
taken.  Mr.  J.  Leyne,  Registry  of  Deeds  Office,  who  has  them 
all  at  command,  kindly  expounded  them  to  me. 

The  fact  of  the  matter  was  that  the  O'Connells,  not  being 
a  large  clan  with  a  chief,  had  no  clan-pedigree.  The  great 
clan-pedigrees  were  exactly  like  the  genealogical  lists  of 
Scripture.  Their  object  was  to  preserve  the  direct  descent 
of  the  "  princely  "  family,  i.e.  the  family  truly  sprung  from 
some  prominent  chief,  who  in  early  times  had  left  his  im- 
press on  his  tribe  and  was  the  father  whose  name  his  children 
continued  to  bear.  The  chiefs  could  only  be  chosen  from  the 
princely  stem  recorded  in  the  clan-pedigree,  and  the  descents 
of  certain  younger  branches  were  recorded  in  the  margin. 
I  saw  several  of  these  clan-pedigrees  in  the  Royal  Irish 
Academy,  where  the  late  eminent  Irish  scholar,  Mr.  Hennessy, 
explained  them  to  me.  Centuries  ago,  the  O'Connells  had 
been  among  the  smaller  and  less  powerful  clans  absorbed 
into  McCarthy  Mor's  great  following. 

This  the  count  does  not  seem  to  have  known.  I  fancy 
no  authentic  documents  earlier  than  the  Tudors  could  have 
been  found.  I  do  not  know  exactly  by  what  process  that 
famous  pedigree-monger.  Chevalier  O'Gorman,  evolved  two 
or  three  centuries  of  descents  ;  but  I  am  inclined  to  think  he 
worked  on  some  other  Kerry  pedigree. 

Concerning  the  arms,  several  old  articles  of  plate  belong- 
ing to  the  count's  mother  bore  a  stag,  the  chief  device  in  the 
arms  of  the  family.  The  arms  were  duly  registered  by  John 
of  Ashtown,  at  the  Restoration.     They  are,  in  untechnical 


262       TJie  Last  Colonel  of  the  Irish  Brigade. 

language,  a  stag  on  a  shield,  white  above,  green  below,  with 
two  green  shamrocks  on  the  white,  and  one  white  shamrock 
below  the  stag  on  the  green.  The  crest  is  a  stag's  head  with 
a  shamrock  on  the  collar. 

Now,  we  cannot  find  out  why  Hunting  Cap  refused  to  be- 
lieve a  whole  company  of  experts  concerning  the  advantages 
of  a  pedigree.  I  sus|)ect  the  astute  elder  brother  knew  that  a 
really  true  one,  going  back  to  a.d.  1400,  was  an  impossibility; 
also  that  he  refused  to  believe  it  could  get  a  man  a  rich  wife. 
Perhaps  he  thought  his  brother's  brilliant  achievements,  high 
character,  and  fine  person  would  have  succeeded  without  it. 

But  a  time  came  later  on  when  the  dear  old  Chevalier 
Fagan  would  not  have  his  younger  friend  foiled  at  this  turning- 
point  of  his  career,  and  the  moderate  fortune  of  the  prudent 
veteran  again  came  to  the  aid  of  Daniel  O'Connell,  but  not 
until  two  years  after  this  application  to  Maurice  O'Connell 
had  failed.  Daniel  meanwhile  had  pushed  his  fortunes  to 
some  purpose.  It  would  seem  that,  in  tirne  of  war,  there  was 
great  difficulty  about  letters,  and  that  relatives  at  home 
rather  feared  to  receive  them.  This  appears  very  clearly 
from  a  series  of  letters  written  jby  a  Clare  man.  Admiral 
O'Houny,  earlier  in  the  century,  in  which  that  old  gentleman's 
summaries  of  his  adventures  during  each  war  show  that 
all  direct  communication  had  been  severed  with  friends  at 
home.  From  persons  passing  through  other  countries  tidings 
sometimes  came.  To  wit.  Captain  Eickard  O'Connell  and 
Chevalier  O'Mahony  mention  tidings  of  my  hero  during  the 
Spanish  War.  They  hafl  reached  the  former  through  Captain 
Eobin  Conway,  retired  and  settled  at  Bergues. 

The  great  siege  of  Gibraltar  occupied  so  large  a  space  in 
men's  memories,  that  the  operations  in  Minorca,  which  pre- 
ceded it,  are  difficult  to  trace  with  any  clearness.  The  ex- 
cellent old  account  of  my  hero  in  the  Kerry  Chronicle  dismisses 
it  in  a  few  sentences.  It  mentions  his  appointment  as  lieut.- 
colonel  in  his  old  regiment,  the  Koyal  Swedes,  where  his 
former  comrades  were  still  simple  lieutenants,  but  does  not 
give  the  date.  In  a  letter  of  May  5,  1778,  Captain  Eickard 
O'Connell  writes  of  him  as  "  the  Colonel ;  "  so  he  must  have 
been  promoted  during  one  of  the  periods  we  were  left  letter- 


Colonel  OConnell.  263 

less,  viz.  from  May,  1777,  to  the  autumn  of  1778.  Doubtless, 
the  dates  of  commissions  are  recorded  somewhere,  but  it  is 
not  in  my  power  to  visit  the  archives  of  the  French  War  Office 
for  them,  and  O'Callaghan's  "Brigade"  does  not  enter  into 
details  of  non-Irish  regiments.  Concerning  the  beginning 
of  the  Spanish  War,  the  contemporary  chronicler  merely 
observes,  "  With  this  regiment  [the  Eoyal  Swedes]  he  was 
at  the  taking  of  Minorca.  Having  accomplished  their  pur- 
pose in  spite  of  the  valiant  Murray's  vigorous  defence,  he 
joined  the  rest  of  the  confederate  army  before  Gibraltar." 

There  are  at  Darrynane  three  very  interesting  illustrative 
documents  of  the  Irish  side  of  life  in  1780.  The  two  letters 
which  passed  between  the  Knight  of  Kerry  and  Maurice 
O'Connell,  of  Darrynane,  strike  me  as  of  peculiar  interest.  The 
Hill  of  Drung  has  been  duly  chronicled.  Thirty  years  before 
the  Knight's  letter.  Dr.  Smith,  in  his  "  History  of  Kerry,"  has 
spoken  of  the  public  spirit  of  the  gentlemen  of  the  wild  south- 
western baronies  in  subscribing  to  make  roads  and  bridges. 
Hunting  Cap's  reply  to  the  part  of  the  letter  concerning 
Catholic  volunteers  strikes  me  as  full  of  dignity.  He  would 
have  no  half-loaf — nothing  but  the  full  bread  of  repealed  penal 
laws.  I  happen  to  know  that  some  Catholics  were  not  pre- 
vented from  having  fowling-pieces  (on  licence  given),  but  it 
was  for  wide-mouthed  blunderbusses  they  craved.  These 
may  still  be  seen  in  many  old  houses. 

A  curious  illustration  of  the  difficulty  of  getting  leave 
from  the  dominant  caste  for  popish  houses  to  set  up  this 
domestic  artillery  appears  in  letters  of  my  husband's  great- 
great-grandfather,  Stephen  Coppinger,  written  in  1729  to 
his  son.  He  dared  not  live  on  his  own  land,  so  rented  Barry's 
Court  from  the  Earl  of  Barrymore,  and  there,  by  the  kindly 
nobleman's  connivance,  his  thrice  outlawed  and  attainted  father 
died  in  peace.  Lord  Barrymore  took  his  tenant's  son  to  Eng- 
land, and  arranged  his  marriage  with  Mary,  eldest  daughter 
and  co-heiress  of  Nicholas  Blundell,  of  Crosby,  the  last  male 
representative  of  that  long-descended  family,  by  his  wife, 
Frances,  daughter  of  the  second  Lord  Langdale.  In  one  of  his 
letters  to  the  youth,  the  father  urges  on  him  to  get  "  my  very 
good  lord's  written  permission  for  heavy  arms  to  protect  the 


264       Tlie  Last  Colonel  of  the  Irish  Brigade. 

dwelling  and  its  surrounding  orchards."  But  what  was  the 
need  of  heavy  arms  at  Barry's  Court,  in  a  thickly  inhabited 
district,  within  two  or  three  hours'  drive  of  Cork,  compared  to 
the  need  at  Darrynane,  approached  only  by  bridle-tracks  over 
a  mountain  or  by  sea,  and  shut  off  by  an  amphitheatre  of 
hills  from  help  from  outside  ?  The  house  might  have  been 
burned  in  its  sheltered  nook  below  the  mountain,  and  people 
four  miles  off  would  have  known  nothing  about  it.  It  is  odd 
bits  of  these  old  letters  that  really  enable  us  to  see  what  the 
older  generations  of  Catholics  had  to  endure.  At  the  same 
time,  the  letters  show  the  greater  number  of  high-class  Pro- 
testant gentlemen  in  the  most  honourable  light. 

The  Knight  of  Kerry  to  Maurice  O'Connell,  of  Darrynane. 

Dear  Sir, — I  am  Exceedingly  obliged  to  you  for  Kind  In- 
tentions and  for  the  Pains  you  took  for  me.  I  have  now,  thank 
God,  weathered  the  Storm,  and,  unless  I  Meet  some  Unfore- 
seen misfortunes,  I  never  shall  Encounter  such  distress  again. 

I  have  no  doubt  You  will  exert  yourself  and  Prevail  on 
your  Friends  to  do  so  for  Eemoving  the  abominable  Grievance 
of  Drung  Hill.  I  suppose  Jermyn  has  Before  now  made  a 
good  Progress  in  tracing  the  proper  Line.  I  think  the  Work 
should  be  Done  in  a  style  of  Solidity  and  duration.  Well 
guarded  by  Arches  or  stout  Linterns  from  the  Mountain 
Waters,  and  so  executed  as  to  make  it  an  Everlasting  work. 
For  the  purpose  we  must  not  Hesitate  at  some  Extraordinary 
Expence,  and  I  think  we  shall,  by  Subscription,  make  the 
Burthen  up  to  the  Barony. 

I  have  been  Thinking  of  a  scheme  for  Preventing  the 
Barony  of  Iveragh  from  being  the  Asylum  of  the  Eogues 
and  Vagabonds  of  the  other  parts  of  the  Country.  The 
Associations  of  Volunteers  have  done  wonders  all  over  the 
Kingdom,  in  Civilising  the  country  and  quelling  Lawless  pro- 
ceedings. Why  should  not  a  Corps  be  raised  in  that  Barony, 
Westward  of  the  Kiver  Beigh  ?  The  gentlemen  of  Property 
of  your  Eeligion,  uniting  with  the  Protestants,  might  soon 
raise  a  Body  of  men,  I  should  Imagine,  that  might  be  Belied 
on  for  Executing  the  Above  purpose.  If  a  Spirit  of  that  sort 
should  be  Raised  and  Carried  into  execution,  the  men  Dis- 
ciplined and  well  Officered,  I  will  furnish  them  with  Firelocks. 
In  such  an  Undertaking  care  must  be  taken  to  avoid  Entering 
into  Feuds  and  Factions,  and  to  have  no  Object  in  view  but 
the  Peace  and  Good  of  the  Publick. 

I  am.  Dear  Sir,  your  most  Obedient  and  faithful  Servant, 

Merrion  Square,  February  1^',  1780.  I^OBT.  FiTzGeRALD. 


Colonel  OConnell.  265 


Maurice  O'ConneWs  reply  to  the  Knight  of  Kerry. 

Darrinane,  Feb.  10'^  1780. 

Dear  Sir, — I  am  Extremely  happy  to  Hear  by  your  favour 
of  the  First  that  you  are  well.  I  Assure  you  there  is  not 
among  your  many  Friends  one  who  more  Sincerely  wishes 
you  an  Uninterrupted  continuance  of  Happiness  and  pros- 
perity. I  have  had  Jermyn  to  view  the  Mountain  of  Drung, 
but  could  not  at  that  Time  attend  myself,  owing  to  a  Cold 
which  Confined  me.  The  enclosed  Billet,  being  a  copy  of  One 
he  left  with  me,  will  let  you  See  his  estimate,  and  also  give 
you  some  idea  of  his  Plan.  His  line,  forming  a  Sweep  round 
the  mountain,  must,  undoubtably,  not  only  take  off  the  present 
enormous  Pitch,  but  render  the  Whole  a  much  easier  and 
more  convenient  one  for  carriages.  The  Sum  mentioned  is 
heavy,  but  I  perfectly  agree  that  the  Work  should  be  Executed 
in  a  style  of  solidity  and  Durability,  which  cannot  be  Expected 
without  an  adequate  Exj)ence.  Nothing  on  my  part  shall  be 
wanting  to  promote  so  Useful  a  work ;  but  it  rests  entirely 
with  you  to  set  out  and  give  success  to  the  Subscription,  the 
aid  of  which  will  be  indispensably  necessary. 

The  observations  you  make  with  Eespect  to  the  Barony 
of  Iveragh  are  very  just.  It  is  much  to  be  wished  that  the 
land  should  be  purged  of  Outlaws  and  Vagabonds.  Not  only 
that,  but  that  it  should  possess  some  little  Force  for  repelling 
the  pillaging  of  scampering  Privateers.  You  were  in  the  country 
when  Paul  Jones  was  off  its  Coast,  but  had  he  taken  it  in 
Head  to  land  with  only  20  Men,  might  he  not  have  plundered 
and  Burned  the  whole  Barony,  naked  and  Defenceless  as 
it  was,  without  Arms  for  10  men  ?  From  end  to  End  of  it 
the  terror  of  the  Inhabitants  exceeded  all  Power  of  descrip- 
tion. The  very  distinguished  services  of  the  armed  Volunteer 
Corps  are  universally  known  and  Gratefully  acknowledged 
through  the  whole  Kingdom,  and  I  am  Fully  convinced  that  the 
Eoman  Catholic  gentlemen  of  Iveragh  would  readily  unite 
with  their  Protestant  neighbours  [as  you  mentioned]  to  form 
a  Corps  did  they  think  such  a  Measure  would  meet  the  appro- 
bation of  the  Legislature.  They  would,  in  common  with 
every  Catholick  of  standing  in  Ireland,  be  exceedingly  Happy 
by  every  means  in  their  power  to  give  additional  Weight  and 
strength  and  security  to  the  kingdom  ;  but  what  can  they  do 
while  the  Laws  of  their  country  forbid  them  the  use  of  arms  ? 
Under  such  circumstances,  I  look  upon  it  to  be  their  Duty 
to  confine  Themselves  to  that  line  of  conduct  marked  out  for 
them  by  the  Legislature,  and  with  Humility  and  resignation 
wait  for   a  further   Relaxation   of  the  laws,  which  a   more 


266        TJie  Last  Colonel  of  the  Ii'ish  Brigade. 

enlightened  and  Liberal  way  of  Thinking,  added  to  a  clearer 
and  more  deliberate  Attention  to  the  real  interests  and  pros- 
perity of  the  country  will,  I  hope,  soon  bring  about. 
I  have  the  honour  to,  etc.,  etc., 

M.  O'CONNELL. 

This  is  copied  from  my  copy  of  Hunting  Cap's  rough  draft. 
We  notice  that  he  now  ventures  to  begin  to  use  the  "  0'." 

I  shall  quote  another  interesting  letter  on  a  different  topic. 
It  is  from  a  shipwrecked  ship's  captain,  who  indites  a  formal 
letter  of  thanks. 


Letter  of  David  Murray ,  concerning  a  ship  and  portions  of 
cargo  entrusted  to  Maurice  O^Connell, 

August  13"^,  1781. 

Whereas  on  Sunday  morning,  the  Twelfth  of  August 
Instant,  I  was  chased  by  a  privateer,  and,  to  avoid  falling 
into  her  possession,  was  under  the  severe  necessity  of  running 
my  ship  ashore  on  the  lands  of  Cummaklacane,  Inside  of  the 
Skariffe  Islands,  as  by  my  protest  made  before  Whitwell 
Butler,  Esq'.,  one  of  his  Majesties  Justices  of  the  peace,  may 
more  fully  appear ;  and  whereas  it  is  my  Earnest  wish  and 
desire  that  such  part  of  the  cargoe  of  my  said  ship,  as  well 
as  her  Hull  and  Materialls  as  can  be  saved,  be  turned  to  the 
best  and  most  advantageous  account  for  the  Owners ;  and 
whereas  I  have  every  Eeason  to  place  the  utmost  Confidence 
in  Maurice  O'Connell,  of  Darrinane,  Esq'^.,  whose  distinguished 
Humanity  to  me  and  my  people  I  shall  ever  most  gratefully 
acknowledge  ; — be  it  known  that  I  hereby  Impower  and 
Authorize  him,  the  said  Maurice  O'Connell,  to  save,  preserve, 
Collect,  and  Take  up  such  part  and  parcels  of  the  said  Cargoe, 
Ship,  and  Materiall  as  can  possibly  be  had  or  saved,  and  to 
Turn  the  same  to  the  best  accountt  for  the  Owners,  hereby 
investing  him  with  every  power  and  authority  to  act  as  he 
shall  Judge  most  prudent  and  proper,  for  and  on  behalf  of 
the  said  Owners.  Witness  my  hand  and  scale  this  Thirteenth 
Day  of  August,  1781 — eighty  and  one. 

Dav.  Mukray. 

Presentt — Andrew  Connell. 

I  particularly  desire  that  the  two  casks  of  Indigoe  be 
recovered  from  the  People  that  plundered  it,  and  that  they 
be  punished  as  the  Law  shall  direct. 

Day.  Murray. 


Colonel  OConnell.  267 

Rickard  O'Connell's  New  Year's  letter  of  1781  describes 
my  hero  as  in  excellent  health  and  full  of  kindness.  I  shall 
enrich  posterity  with  fair  Miss  Eice's  infallible  cough  syrup,  as 
recorded  by  her  grateful  countryman.  This  same  New  Year's 
letter  of  Captain  Eickard  contains  a  few  pathetic  sentences. 

Cambray,  Jan.  22^  1871. 

I  have  known  Afflictions,  I  have  quitted  my  distressed 
Parents  in  their  declining  in  the  vale  of  Years,  whom  it  was 
not  in  my  Power  to  Assist — left  them,  perhaps,  exposed  to 
the  Contumely  of  the  sordid,  purse-proud  Wretch  ;  and  many 
such  there  are,  who  would  delight  to  depress  a  Decayed 
family.  I  left  thee,  Ireland,  my  dear  country,  a  voluntary 
Exile,  to  earn  amongst  Strangers  the  means  of  supporting 
the  Eank  to  which  I  was  born,  and  which  Fortune  denied 
me  to  maintain  at  Home.  Yet  I  swear  by  the  Honour  of 
my  Profession  that  Grief  never  sat  heavier  on  my  heart  than 
on  the  day  when  I  leaped  out  of  your  Barge  on  the  Canal 
of  Dunkirk. 

Eickard,  having  caught  3.  cold  while  taking  some  powerful 
expectorant  medicine,  was  given  over  with  a  lung  attack, 
and  sent  invalided  frona  Bergvies  to  Cambray. 

Happily  for  me  [he  continues].  Miss  Eice,^  sister-in-law 
to  Countess  Watters,  with  whom  I  had  been  a  little  ac- 
quainted, passed  a  week  here.  This  amiable  young  lady 
gave  me  a  Eeceipt  to  make  a  syrop,  composed  of  a  hand- 
ful of  Eue,  2  handfuls  of  Eosemary,  a  head  of  Garlick, 
boil'd  in  a  quart  of  white-wine  vinegar  till  half  is  consumed, 
strained  thro'  a  piece  of  Linen,  and  sweetened  with  a 
pound  and  a  half  of  Sugar  Candy.  It  pleased  gracious 
Providence  to  make  this  syrop  the  instrument  of  my  re- 
covery which,  thank  God,  advances.  .  .  . 

Colonel  O'Connell  is  very  well,  thank  God.  It  is  needless 
to  tell  you  he  is,  as  usual,  the  best  of  friends.  Poor  Eobin 
Conway*  got  a  malignant  Fever  last  7''",  and  still  continues 
in  a  very  weakly  way.     I  much  fear  for  him. 

He  requests  to  be  addressed,  "  Chez  M.  I'Abbe  Griffin, 
Chanoine  de  la  Cathedrale  de  Cambray." 

There  is  but  one  discoverable  letter  of  Count  O'Connell's 
between  May  10,  1780,  and  April  16,  1783.  I  find  mention 
of   him  as  with  the  Battalion  at   Minorca,   and  quite   well 

1  I  think  he  uses  "  sister-in-law  "  for  "  stepsister,"  as  Countess  Watters 
was  herself  a  Miss  Rice,  of  Nantes. 


268       The  Last  Colonel  of  the  Irish  Brigade. 

in  December,  1781,  in  a  letter  from  Eick  O'Connell,  his 
Clare  kinsman;  and  there  is  a  whole  letter  informing  his 
brother  Maurice  of  his  brilliant  prospects  in  November,  1872, 
signed  only  C.  B.  M.,  which  stands  for  Count  Bartholomew 
O'Mahony,  his  devoted  friend,  usually  mentioned  as  the 
Chevalier  O'Mahony.  In  the  letters  I  have  seen — and  I  have 
heard  of  several  I  have  not  been  able  to  get  hold  of — there 
are  only  four  references  to  these  sieges  of  Port  Phillip  and 
Gibraltar.  Once  he  says  his  old  comrade,  the  Prince  of 
Nassau,  under  whom  he  had  served  in  the  floating  batteries, 
wanted  him  to  go  out  and  serve  under  him  in  Russia.  Ross 
O'Connell,  of  Lake  View,  found  a  letter  there  the  other  day 
about  an  invitation  from  the  Portuguese  Government  to 
remodel  the  discipline  of  their  army ;  so  that,  in  addition  to 
actually  serving  France  and  England,  this  "  cavalier  of 
fortune,"  as  Grant  very  aptly  calls  him,  had  been  invited 
to  serve  Holland,  America,  Russia,  and  Portugal — truly  an 
odd  agglomerate  of  services.  His  two  principal  chroniclers — 
O'Callaghan,  quoting  the  Liberator's  article  in  the  New 
Monthly,  and  Grant,  largely  quoting  the  "  Biographic  Uni- 
verselle  " — make  the  Minorca  business  two  years  too  soon. 
However,  I  quote  them  for  want  of  better. 

The  notice  of  Count  O'Connell  in  O'Callaghan  states, 
"He  distinguished  himself  at  the  siege  and  capture  of 
Port  Mahon,  in  Minorca,  from  the  English  in  the  year  1779, 
being  at  that  time  major  in  the  Regiment  of  Royal  Swedes. 
He  received  public  thanks  for  his  services  on  that  occasion, 
and  a  recommendation  from  the  commander-in-chief  to  the 
Minister  of  War  for  promotion.  That  promotion  he  im- 
mediately obtained,  and  served  at  the  siege  of  Gibraltar  in  the 
year  1782  as  lieut. -colonel  of  his  regiment,  the  Royal  Swedes, 
but  attached  to  the  corps  of  engineers."  This  is  a  curious 
mistake  of  dates,  as  Minorca  surrendered  in  February,  1782, 
and  he  was  already  a  lieut. -colonel.  Some  part  of  this  state- 
ment is  probably  correct,  but  it  is  utterly  inaccurate  in  two 
points  :  Daniel  O'Connell  was  a  lieut. -colonel  before  he  ever 
saw  the  Island  of  Minorca,  and  he  was  never  an  engineer  at 
all.  Drinkwater  gives  a  copy  of  the  French  Army  List.  Daniel 
O'Connell  figures  on  the   staff — "  Etat-Major."     His  is  the 


Colonel  O'ConneU.  269 

third  name  of  the  German  Brigade — Daniel  O'Connell,  lieut.- 
colonel — at  the  siege  of  Gibraltar.  "  By  confederate  army  " 
the  writer  means  the  allied  forces  of  Spain  and  France. 
Hostilities  had  begun  between  England  and  France  in  1777, 
and  two  years  later  Spain,  after  proffers  of  mediation  had 
been  refused  by  England,  espoused  the  part  of  France,  and 
declared  war  with  England  on  June  16,  1779. 

Through  that  year,  and  the  winter  and  early  spring  of 
1781,  small  ships  frequently  kept  up  a  communication 
between  Minorca  and  Gibraltar,  though  "the  enemies' 
cruisers "  kept  a  sharp  look  out,  worthy  Drinkwater  tells 
us,  and  a  privateer,  which  reached  Gibraltar  from  Port 
Mahon,  in  Minorca,  on  February  9,  "  ran  thro'  ten  cruisers, 
besides  six  gun-boats,  and  was  chased  by  a  xebeque,  but 
escaped  them  all." 

The  French  succours  sailed  in  May.  Drinkwater  thus 
describes  their  sailing  far  from  the  Rock  :  "A  boat  arrived 
from  Portugal  on  the  24th  of  July,  with  tidings  that  the 
Spanish  Fleet  had  sailed  from  Cadiz  on  a  cruise.  Soon 
after  this  arrived,"  continues  the  painstaking  chronicler, 
"  a  large  fleet  of  upwards  of  seventy  sail  appeared  from  the 
west.  When  abreast  the  Europa,  we  discovered  amongst 
them,  a  ship  of  the  line,  two  frigates,  two  cutters,  a  bomb- 
ketch,  and  several  armed  vessels.  They  did  not  display  any 
colours.  This  proved  afterwards  to  be  the  fleet  which 
blockaded  Mahon,  and  conveyed  the  troops  which  besieged 
Fort  St.  Phillip,  under  the  command  of  the  Due  de  Crillon, 
and  caj)tured  the  Island  of  Minorca." 

The  fleet  was  sighted  off  Gibraltar  towards  the  end  of  July, 
and  the  landing  of  the  troops  it  carried  was  easily  effected. 
Occasional  tidings  reached  the  Rock. 

Drinkwater  tells  us  that,  on  September  5,  the  British 
prisoner  exchanged  for  a  Spaniard  informed  him  "  that 
the  Due  de  Crillon,  with  10,000  men,  had  landed  at  Minorca, 
and  that  it  was  reported  he  was  to  be  joined  by  a  French 
Army  from  Toulon." 

He  also  says  that,  on  the  12th,  the  Spanish  lines  and 
shipping  outside  Gibraltar  fired  a  feu  de  joie,  commemorating 
some  success  of  the  Due  de  Crillon  at  Minorca. 


270       The  Last  Colonel  of  the  Irish  Brigade. 

Fort  St.  Phillip  did  not  finally  surrender  until  February 
5,  1782.  Captain  Rickard  O'Connell,  on  December  29,  1781, 
mentions  that  my  hero  was  there.     He  says — 

*'  I  lately  had  an  account  from  Captain  Conway,  that 
the  dearest  and  best  of  my  Friends,  your  dear  Brother, 
is  with  the  Battalion  at  Minorca,  .  .  .  and  trust  that  an  all- 
gracious  Providence  will  restore  him  safe  and  victorious  to 
his  friends." 

He  most  certainly  was  not  in  the  artillery  or  engineers, 
whose  staff  lists  do  not  contain  a  single  Irish  name,  while 
three  Irish  names  figure  in  the  German  Brigade — Baron 
Hamilton,  Daniel  O'Connell,  and  Major  O'Ghier. 

Mr.  Leyne  happily  discovered  and  transcribed  a  letter 
from  our  lieut. -colonel  to  his  cousin  Eick  O'Connell,  written 
from  Minorca.  He  only  found  it,  and  a  more  precious  epistle 
describing  royal  and  princely  favour,  after  the  type  had  been 
actually  set  up  for  this  portion  of  the  book.  The  sorely 
tried  printers,  worried  with  bad  writing,  Irish,  French,  and 
Latin  quotations,  now  find  fresh  matter  set  before  them.  It 
is  characteristic  of  my  hero  that,  before  he  has  done  anything 
in  particular,  he  wants  his  pedigree,  so  as  to  be  qualified  to 
ask  favours  when  he  shall  have  achieved  distinction  in  arms. 

Lieut. -Colonel  Daniel  O^Connell  to  his  cousin  Rickard 
O'Connell,  Esq. 

Minorca,  the  1"  December,  1781. 

I  received  last  night  your  most  acceptable  favour  of  the 
9**"  October,  my  dear  Eick,  which  Abbe  GrifQn  was  so  Kind  to 
forward  me.  I  can't  express  my  Satisfaction  to  hear  from 
yourself  you  are  on  the  mending  hand,  and  likely  to  recover 
your  former  health  and  Spirits.  I  leave  you  to  judge  whether 
I  shall  be  Zealous  in  promoting  this  happy  change  by 
exerting  my  powers  and  interest  to  procure  the  leave  of 
Absence  you  want.  By  this  very  oppertunity  I  shall  indorse 
your  letter  to  our  friend  Chev""  de  Mahony,  with  directions  to 
lose  not  a  Moment,  and  to  inform  you  without  delay  whether 
or  no  the  Certificates  be  required  to  grant  y''  just  demand. 
If  so,  you'll  address  them  directly  to  his  abode  in  Paris,  as 
underneath.  Sending  them  here  would  be  tedious,  and 
wou'd  be  losing  Time.  I  make  no  doubt  your  request  shall 
be  Granted.     Mahony  will  be  careful  to  inform  you  on't,  and 


Colonel  O'Connell.  271 

how  long  you  can  stay  abroad — the  longer  the  better — until 
your  health  be  solidly  and  firmly  restored.  I  need  not  tell 
you,  my  D'"  Rick,  how  ardently  I  wish  for  that  happy  event. 
I  give  the  Chev'  your  address.  I  Suppose  your  papers  have 
long  ere  now  mentioned  the  Invasion  of  this  island  by  the 
Spanish  forces,  and  their  being  reinforced  by  a  Corps  of  4 
thousand  French.  My  Eegiment  is  of  the  number,  and  here 
we  are  these  6  weeks.  I  suppose  you'll  not  expect  from  me 
any  Particulars  of  our  operations.  Your  papers  will  put  us 
all  to  death,  most  doubtless,  and  paint  us  as  a  dastardly 
Race,  undisciplined  and  cruel,  but  the  Knowing  and  impartial 
reader  will,  I  hope,  do  us  the  honour  and  Justice  to  believe 
the  contrary.  I  find  myself  very  hai3py  here.  You  know 
how  much  I  love  my  Profession,  and  how  much  I  long'd  to 
act.  Altho'  I've  no  oppertuuity  of  a  seperate  Command,  by 
which  I  may  expect  to  be  distinguished,  yet  such  an  under- 
taking as  this  must  Needs  aflbrd  instruction.  It's  a  Capital 
Point  for  me,  and  the  siege  of  one  of  the  strongest  places  in 
the  world  no  bad  Lesson  in  the  art  which  rendered  Vauban  and 
C so  famous.    I  shall  endeavour  to  draw  some  Benefit  from  it. 

I  return  you  my  hearty  thanks  for  the  Trouble  you  took 
about  my  family  papers.  It's  indeed  a  matter  of  Great 
concern  for  me  to  have  them.  If  I  return  from  this  Expedi- 
tion they  may  be  more  than  ever  Wanting,  and  the  means 
of  making  my  Fortune.  I  already  made  you  Sensible  of 
their  importance.  The  more  I  am  Known,  the  more  friends 
I  make,  and  the  more  they  Prove  so.  Therefore  I  Request 
you  exert  yourself  to  Procure  them,  and  if  you've  any  friends 
residing  in  Dublin,  give  them  the  charge  to  Search  the 
records  for  some  acts,  titles,  or  transactions  which  make 
mention  of  this  IN'ame,  and  may  serve  to  corroborate 
the  Genealogy.  I  suppose  you've  been  ere  now  at  Dariuane, 
where  I  trust  you've  met  with  a  Cordial  Reception.  Was  I 
Lord  of  the  Place,  it  w'd  be  so,  and  I  believe  my  Brother  was 
not  less  pleased  to  Possess  you.  Farewell,  i)""  Rick.  God 
grant  we  meet  again  in  perfect  health.  I  am  Persuaded 
you  wish  it  equally.  Adieu,  done.  Dearest  Cousin.  My 
most  affectionate  wishes  to  all  your  family,  and  believe  me, 

Your  steadfast  friend, 

D.  O'C. 

Address  to  Chev''  de  Mahony,  chez  M^""  L'Ai'cheveque  de 
Cambray,  en  son  hotel,  rue  du  Regard  [torn].  Employ  your 
good  offices,  jointly  with  my  brother,  to  procure  the  Certificate 
i  called  for,  and  to  have  it  Signed  by  the  Nobihty.  It  must 
be  on  Parchment,  and  attested  by  a  Notary  Publick,  as  if 
transacted  in  his  presence  at  Dublin.     Transmit  Them  by 


272       TJie  Last  Colonel  of  the  Irish  Brigade. 

the  first  sure  hand  to  Chev''  Mahony  and,  if  none  offers,  to 
some  friend  in  London,  who  may  meet  frequent  oppertunities 
of  sending  them  to  London. 

Eickard  O'Connell,  Esq'",  at  Fenloe,  near  Six  Mile  Bridge, 
County  Clare,  Ireland. 

Par  Ostende. 

Grant's  "Cavaliers  of  Fortune"  gives  what  seems  the 
most  connected  account,  though  with  a  wrong  date,  for  the  Due 
de  Crillon's  landing  :  "  In  1779,  when  France  espoused  the 
cause  of  America,  and  sought  to  harass  the  mother  country 
in  Europe,  O'Connell  was  engaged  in  the  expedition  against 
Port  Mahon,  the  principal  town  of  Minorca,  situated  on  a 
rocky  promontory,  difficult  of  access  from  the  landward, 
and  defended  by  Fort  San  Philipo,  in  which  there  was  a 
resolute  garrison.  O'Connell,  in  his  new  regiment,  served 
under  the  Due  de  Crillon  [who  only  passed  Gibraltar  on 
August  25,  1781]  at  the  siege,  and  conducted  himself  with 
such  honour  as  to  be  specially  noticed.  The  operations 
were  severe  and  protracted,  but  in  three  years  the  Spaniards 
and  their  allies  captured  the  whole  island,  which,  at  the 
peace  of  1763,  had  been  formally  ceded  to  Britain." 

The  mistake  in  the  above  is  about  the  date  of  the  Due  de 
Crillon's  arrival,  on  whose  staff  my  hero  served  at  Gibraltar. 

I  shall  now  quote  a  short  account  from  the  "Annual 
Eegister,"  and  the  gallant  Murray's  beautiful  letter  about 
the  heroism  of  his  English  veterans. 

The  "  Annual  Eegister  "  positively  states  that  the  Due  de 
Crillon-Mahon,  by  order  of  the  Court  of  Spain,  endeavoured 
to  induce  General  Murray  to  give  up  Port  Phillip  for  an 
immense  bribe.  "  General  Murray  treated  the  insult  with 
a  mixture  of  that  haughty  disdain  incident  to  the  conscious- 
ness of  an  ancient  line  and  illustrious  ancestry,  and  with 
the  generous  indignation  and  stern  resentment  of  a  veteran 
soldier  who  feels  himself  wounded  in  the  tenderest  part  by 
an  insidious  attempt  upon  that  honour  which  he  had  set 
up  as  the  great  object  and  idol  of  his  life." 

The  following  is  General  Murray's  description  of  the  fall  of 
Port  Phillip  (from  the  Appendix  to  the  "Annual  Eegister," 
1782)  :— 


Colonel  aConndl.  273 

The  Hon.  General  Murray,  Governor  of  Minorca,  to  the  Earl 
of  Hillsborough,  one  of  H.M.'s  Principal  Secretaries  oj 
State. 

Minorca,  Feb.  16,  1782. 

My  Lokd, — I  have  the  honour  to  acquaint  your  Lordship 
that  Fort  St.  Phillip  was  surrendered  to  his  Catholic 
Majesty  the  5'^  instant.  The  Capitulation  accompanies 
this.  I  flatter  myself  all  Europe  will  agree  the  brave 
garrison  showed  uncommon  heroism,  and  that  thirst  for 
glory  which  has  ever  distinguished  the  troops  of  my  royal 
master.  The  most  inveterate  scurvy  which  I  believe  ever 
has  infected  mortals  reduced  us  to  this  situation.  The 
reports  of  the  faculty  fully  explain  the  dreadful  havoc  it 
made,  and  that  three  days'  further  obstinacy  on  my  part 
must  have  inevitably  destroyed  the  brave  remains  of  this 
garrison,  as  they  declare  there  was  no  remedy  for  the  men 
in  the  hospitals  but  vegetables ;  and  that  of  the  660  able 
to  do  duty,  560  were  actually  tainted  with  the  scurvy, 
and  in  all  likelihood  would  be  in  the  hospitals  in  five  days' 
time.  Such  was  the  uncommon  spirit  of  the  King's  soldiers, 
that  they  concealed  their  disorders  and  inability  rather 
than  go  into  the  hospitals.  Several  men  died  on  guard, 
after  having  stood  sentry.  Their  fate  was  not  discovered 
till  called  upon  for  the  relief,  when  it  came  to  their  turn 
to  mount  again.  Perhaps  a  more  noble  or  a  more  tragical 
scene  was  never  exhibited  than  that  of  the  march  of  the 
garrison  of  St.  Phillip's  thro'  the  Spanish  and  French  armies. 
It  consisted  of  no  more  than  600  old  decrepit  soldiers  ;  200 
Seamen,  120  of  the  Royal  Artillery,  20  Corsicans,  and  25 
Greeks,  Turks,  Moors,  Jews,  etc.  The  two  armies  were  drawn 
up  in  two  lines,  the  battalions  fronting  each  other,  forming 
a  way  for  us  to  march  through.  They  consisted  of  14,000 
men,  and  reached  from  the  Glacis  to  Georgetown,  where 
our  battalions  laid  down  their  arms,  declaring  they  sur- 
rendered them  to  God  alone,  having  the  consolation  to  know 
the  victors  could  not  plume  themselves  on  taking  an  hospital. 

Such  were  the  distressing  figures  of  our  men,  that  many 
of  the  Spanish  and  French  troops  are  said  to  have  shed 
tears  as  they  passed,  and  the  Due  de  Crillon  and  the  Baron 
de  Falkenhayn  declare  it  is  true.  I  cannot  aver  this,  but  I 
think  it  is  very  natural ;  for  my  own  part,  I  felt  no  un- 
easiness on  this  occasion,  but  that  which  proceeded  from 
the  miserable  disorder  which  threatened  us  with  destruction. 
Thanks  to  the  Almighty,  my  apprehensions  are  now  abated  ; 
the  humanity  of  the  Due  de  Crillon  (whose  heart  was  most 
sensibly  touched  by  the  misfortunes  of  such  brave  men)  has 

VOL.  I.  T 


274        The  Last  Colonel  of  the  Irish  Brigade. 

gone  even  beyond  my  wishes  in  providing  everything  which 
can  contribute  to  our  recovery.  The  Spanish  as  well  as  the 
French  surgeons  attend  our  hospitals.  We  are  greatly 
indebted  to  the  Baron  de  Falkenhayn,  who  commands  the 
French  troops.  We  feel,  too,  infinite  obligations  to  the  Count 
de  Crillon  ;  they  can  never  be  forgot  by  any  of  us.  I  hope 
this  young  man  will  never  command  an  army  against  my 
Sovereign,  for  his  military  talents  are  as  conspicuous  as  the 
goodness  of  his  heart. 

Lists  of  the  killed  and  wounded,  with  the  number  of  our 
guns  which  were  destroyed  by  the  enemy's  battering  artillery, 
which  consisted  of  109  pieces  of  cannon  and  36  mortars,  are 
enclosed.  I  shall  wait  here  until  I  see  the  last  man  of  my 
noble  garrison  safely  and  commodiously  embarked.  If  my 
accompanying  them  in  a  transport  to  England  could  be  of 
the  smallest  service  to  any  of  them,  I  would  cheerfully  go  with 
them  by  sea  ;  but  as  I  can  be  of  no  further  use  to  them  after 
they  are  on  board  ship,  I  trust  his  Majesty  will  approve  of 
my  going  to  Leghorn,  to  bring  home  with  me  my  wife  and 
children,  who  Bed  to  Italy  in  the  evening  of  the  day  the 
Spanish  Army  landed  on  this  island. 

My  Aide-de-Camp,  Capt.  Don,  will  have  the  honour  to 
present  this  letter  to  your  Lordship.  He  is  well  acquainted 
with  the  most  minute  circumstance  relative  to  the  siege,  is 
an  intelligent,  distinguished  officer,  and  is  furnished  with 
copies  of  all  the  papers  I  have,  which  he  will  lay  before  your 
Lordship  if  requisite. 

The  Captains  Savage,  Boothby,  and  Don,  of  the  51st 
Eegiment,  Lieut.  Mercier  of  ditto,  Lieut.  Botticher  of 
Goldacker's  Eegiment,  and  Lieut.  Douglas  the  engineer,  are 
exchanged  for  the  officers  we  made  prisoners  at  Cape  Mola. 

Colonel  Pringle  and  his  nephew,  Lieut.  Pringle,  are  to 
be  left  hostages  until  the  transports  return,  agreeable  to  the 
capitulation. 

I  have  the  honour  to  be,  etc., 

James  Murray. 

P.S. — It  would  be  unjust  and  ungrateful  was  I  not  to 
declare  that,  from  the  beginning  to  the  last  hour  of  the 
siege,  the  officers  and  men  of  the  Eoyal  Eegiment  of  Artillery, 
and  likewise  the  seamen,  distinguished  themselves.  I  believe 
the  world  cannot  produce  more  expert  gunners  and  bom- 
bardiers than  those  who  served  at  this  siege,  and  I  am  sure 
the  sailors  showed  uncommon  zeal.  It  is  unnecessary,  like- 
wise, to  declare  that  no  garrison  was  ever  nourished  with 
better  salt  provisions  of  all  kinds  than  we  had  sent  to  us 
from  England ;  fresh  vegetables  we  could  not  have,  but  we 


Colonel  OConnell.  275 

bad  plenty  of  pease,  good  bread  and  rice,  witb  currants  and 
raisins ;  and  left  in  tbe  Fort  six  montbs'  full  allowance  of 
all  kinds,  altbougb  a  magazine,  containing  six  montbs'  more, 
was  burnt  by  tbe  enemy's  sbells. 

Wbile  Lieut. -Colonel  Daniel  O'Connell  was  soldiering 
abroad,  be  was  busily  engaged  in  baving  bis  pedigree  looked 
up  at  bome,  not  from  any  personal  vanity,  but  as  a  necessary 
stepping-stone  to  fortune.  His  Clare  kinsman  writes  tbe  fol- 
lowing grapbic  letter  to  Hunting  Cap,  wbo,  bowever,  could  not 
be  induced  to  take  up  tbe  matter,  and  could  not  even  be  moved 
by  tbe  prospect  of  a  brotber  riding  in  tbe  king's  coacb : — 

Richard  O'Connell  to  Maurice  O'Connell,  of  Darrynane. 

Dec.  29,  1781. 

Dear  Sir, — I  sbould  bave  given  you  an  account  of  myself, 
and  assured  you  of  my  unalterable  attatcbment  since  I  bave 
been  in  Ireland,  bad  it  not  been  for  my  determined  Resolution 
on  my  arrival  to  bave  waited  on  you  at  Darrinane  as  soon  as 
ever  I  sbould  be  able.  Wben  I  came  to  tbe  County  of  Clare, 
I  was  so  mucb  reduced  tbat  I  could  not  mount  a  Horse  ;  but 
in  some  Time  my  native  air  began  to  bave  tbe  desired  effect, 
and  last  October  I  was  so  far  recovered  tbat  I  began  to  con- 
sider about  tbe  Expedition  to  Kerry,  notwitbstanding  tbe 
Difficulties  some  of  wbicb  lay  in  my  way.  About  tbis  Time  I 
was  attacked  witb  a  bilious  Disorder  attended  witb  a  cold, 
wbicb  bad  like  to  bave  carried  me  off.  I  got  tbe  better  of  it, 
tbank  God,  but,  tbo'  recovering,  I  am  still  but  puny. 

I  lately  bad  an  account  from  Captain  Conway,  tbat  tbe 
dearest  and  best  of  my  Friends,  your  dear  Brotber,  is  witb  tbe 
Battalion  at  Minorca.  Humiliating  as  it  may  appear,  I  am 
not  asbamed  to  own  my  feelings  on  tbis  occasion.  But  trust 
tbat  an  all-gracious  Providence  will  restore  bim  safe  and  vic- 
torious to  bis  friends. 

He  desired  I  sbould  consult  witb  you  about  making  out  bis 
Pedigree  and  getting  it  signed  by  some  of  tbe  Nobility,  and 
also  tbat  I  sbould  endeavour  to  procure  old  Deeds  wbicb 
migbt  prove  tbe  Antiquity  of  our  Family.  I  well  know  bow 
useful  sucb  Materials  as  tbese  could  be,  and  tbat  tbe  Want  of 
tbem  bas  been  beretofore  a  great  Disappointment  to  bim. 

I  beard  since  I  came  bome  tbat  a  Mr.  O'Callagban,  of 
Sbanbally,  in  tbe  County  of  Tipperary  [Lord  Lismore's  an- 
cestor], a  grandson  of  old  Counsellor  O'Callagban,  bad  my 
Grand  Fatber's  Papers,  and  when  I  began  to  mend,  I  went  to 
enquire  for  tbem.     If  I  had  not  been  a  fool,  all  I  could  do 


276       The  Last  Colonel  of  the  Irish  Brigade. 

was  to  apply  to  one  of  the  O'Callaglians  of  Kilgory  to  write 
to  O'Callaghan  of  Shanbally,  his  intimate  Acquaintance.  He 
excused  himself  by  telling  me  he  would  go  to  that  County 
last  October  and  do  my  Business,  but  he  is  not  yet  gone,  nor 
in  truth  do  I  expect  much  from  him.  As  it  is  uncertain  when 
I  may  be  so  happy  as  to  have  the  much  wished  for  Pleasure 
of  seeing  you,  I  entreat  you  will  let  me  know  how  you  think 
these  Papers  may  be  had,  and  also  the  Proper  steps  to  be 
taken  to  make  out  the  Pedigree. 

Permit  me  to  wish  you  and  Family  of  Darrinane  many 
happy  years.  No  one  more  ardently  longs  to  assure  you  in 
Person  how  sincerely  I  have  the  Honour  to  be,  with  the 
greatest  esteem,  Dear  Sir, 

Your  Affectionate  Kinsman, 
and  most  obedient  Humble  Servant, 

ElCKD.    CONNELL. 

Please  write  me  at  Fenloe,  near  to  Six  Mile  Bridge,  County 
of  Clare. 

Eickard  is  at  home  at  last.  It  seems  strange  to  me  to  read 
his  congratulations  on  Dr.  Maurice  Leyne's  early  professional 
successes,  when  I  remember  that  my  own  husband  was  actually 
attended  by  that  physician  for  whooping-cough  when  he  was 
a  small  child.  The  letter  is  an  old-world  medical  chronicle. 
Eickard  survived  a  bewildering  multiplicity  of  treatments.  Dr. 
Spellicy  went  at  him  for  bile  with  powders  of  bark,  rhubarb, 
and  some  kind  of  salt.  Old  Dr.  Finucane  further  suggested 
a  pitch  plaister  in  April.  Then  Dr.  O'Loughlin  and  Doctor 
Comyn  started  each  a  perfectly  opposite  theory.  The  patient 
attributes  his  marked  improvement  to  goat's  whey.  Though 
so  reduced  during  his  winter  illness,  which  seems  to  have  been 
pneumonia,  as  to  "totter  in  his  march  like  a  man  of  eighty, 
and  unable  to  walk  half  a  mile  or  leap  a  potato-trench,  were  he 
to  have  been  made  a  general  for  it,"  he  is  now  getting  a  little 
flesh  on  his  bones,  and  beginning  to  look  like  his  former  self. 
After  sundry  remarks,  Eickard  says  (Ennis,  June  2,  1782) — 

"  Heigh-ho  !  well,  to  be  sure,  flirting  is  the  mother  of  mis- 
chief. I  must  and  will  leave  it  off,  that's  certain,  but  not  this 
summer  ;  for  I  promised  to  take  Flavia  to  the  salt  water  next 
week." 

He  expresses  a  great  wish  to  visit  Darrynane,  but  fears  he 
may  be  murdered  if  he  passes  into  Kerry  after  his  old  scrape 


Colonel  O'ComieU.  277 

there.  He  quotes  a  message  from  Chevalier  O'Mahony,  in  which 
an  expression  occurs  of  frequent  use  both  in  English  and 
French.  Count  O'Connell  also  speaks  of  his  "  college."^  Was 
it  a  slang  word  for  winter  quarters  ?  However,  no  man  was  less 
given  to  slang  than  Count  O'Connell,  and  until  the  Emigration, 
when  he  re-learned  English,  he  wrote  it  just  like  a  foreigner. 
And  whoever  talked  slang  in  a  language  in  which  he  was  not 
perfectly  and  fluently  at  his  ease  ?    Eiekard  says — 

"  I  have  conge  until  the  1st  of  December,  and  make  no 
doubt  of  obtaining  a  prolongation  of  it  till  the  1st  of  May,  if  I 
think  proper  to  ask  for  it ;  for  Chevalier  O'Mahony,  in  his  last 
letter  to  me,  writes,  *  Vous  pouvez  vous  donner  tout  le  temps 
necessaire  pour  votre  parfaite  guerison.  Le  Comte  de  Serrant 
a  trouve  le  moyen  a  ce  que  vous  puissez  etre  absent  du  col- 
lege sans  rien  perdre.  Ainsi  restez  ou  vous  etes  jusqu'e 
ce  que  vous  reveniez  bien  portant ;  '  and  my  worthy  friend 
Captain  O'Connor,  who  manages  the  affairs. of  the  regiment, 
in  his  letter  of  the  24th  of  April,  writes  to  the  same  effect. 

"  I  am  elated  with  the  joy  of  perfect  friendship  at  hear- 
ing that  you  have  as  much  business  as  you  can  do.  Indeed, 
it  is  what  I  always  expected.  Your  success  and  prosperity, 
and  that  of  your  dear  family,  will  always  swell  my  heart 
with  joy.  .  .  .  Yes  !  my  Dear  Maurice,  I  am  informed  of  tho 
brilliant  success  of  the  best  of  friends  and  the  most  amiable 
of  men.  I  believe  he  is  about  this  time  at  Gibraltar,  from 
whence  I  fondly  hope  Providence  will  graciously  restore  him 
safe  to  the  wishes  of  all  who  have  the  happiness  of  knowing 
him.     There  can  be  no  doubt  of  his  speedy  promotion." 

Now,  all  Count  O'Connell's  biographers  say  he  signalized 
himself  in  Minorca,  whence  he  went  to  Gibraltar ;  but  I  have 
quite  failed  to  find  any  precise  account  of  what  he  did.  Fort 
Phillip  seems  to  have  been  carried  by  a  three  hours'  assault,  in 
which,  of  course,  he  bore  his  share,  but  what  distinguished 
thing  he  actually  did  seems  rather  hard  to  trace  out  now. 

With  much  toil  and  trouble,  I  have  picked  put  Count 
O'Connell's  adventures  at  the  famous  siege  of  Gibraltar,  and 
for  the  convenience  of  the  reader  I  affix  a  separate  heading. 

^  Littrd  gives  as  one  meaning  of  "college,"  "un  corps  de  personnea 
revetuns  de  la  meme  dignite."  In  illustration  he  cites  "  le  college  dea 
secretaires  du  roi,"  and  explains  the  first  words  as  "la  compagnie." 

Hence  the  reference  is  to  "  le  college " — probably  represented  by 
"  the  officers'  corps." — [Sigerson.] 


278       The  Last  Colonel  of  the  Irish  Brigade. 

Count  O'Connell  at  the  Siege  of  Gibraltar. 

All  my  hero's  biographers  are  agreed  that  he  achieved 
special  distinction  on  the  memorable  occasion  of  the  siege  of 
Gibraltar,  served  on  board  the  floating  batteries,  and  had  the 
narrowest  possible  escape  of  his  life,  through  the  bursting  of 
a  shell  quite  near  where  he  stood  ;  but  the  real  details  of  his 
adventures  crop  up  in  two  letters  written  by  his  friend  and 
old  brother-in-arms.  Count  Bartholomew  O'Mahony,  and  in 
the  pages  of  the  Due  des  Cars'  "  Memoires  "  published  last 
year  (1890).  These  differ  in  several  points  from  the  statements 
written  long  after  the  events  in  five  biographical  notices, 
viz.  in  "La  Biographic  Universelle;"  in  "La  Biographie 
Generale;"  in  the  New  Monthly  Magazine  for  1833;  in  Grant's 
"  Cavaliers  of  Fortune ; "  and  in  O'Callaghan's  "  Irish 
Brigade."  Cheap  editions  of  these  two  latter  works  are 
easily  procurable.  The  account  of  the  siege  in  the  "Annual 
Eegister"  is  believed  to  be  the  work  of  Edmund  Burke.  I 
have  condensed  a  considerable  portion  of  his  narrative.  It 
tallies  wonderfully  with  the  Due  des  Cars'  account.  I  shall 
also  make  use  of  a  contemporary  Kerry  newspaper,  placed 
at  my  disposal  by  Sir  Maurice  O'Connell,  which  gives  a 
singularly  accurate  account  of  my  hero.  At  the  siege  of 
Gibraltar  Lieut. -Colonel  O'Connell  made  the  acquaintance  of  a 
kind  and  valuable  friend,  in  whose  recently  published  letters 
he  is  most  honourably  mentioned.  It  was  the  Comte  de 
Vaudreuil — "  le  Beau  Vaudreuil  "  of  courtly  circles — a  fascin- 
ating dandy,  a  singer,  amateur  actor,  verse-maker,  picture- 
collector,  and  fine  gentleman,  in  the  butterfly  days  of  Versailles. 
He  was  attached  to  the  suite  of  his  bosom  friend,  the  wild 
young  Comte  d'Artois,  to  whom  he  remained  devotedly  at- 
tached through  long  dark  days  of  poverty  and  exile.  Vaudreuil 
cherished  a  sentimental  attachment  to  his  charming  cousin, 
the  Duchesse  de  Polignac,  Marie  Antoinette's  devoted  friend. 
Even  before  the  arrival  of  the  famous  pedigree,  which  enabled 
my  hero  to  be  presented  at  court  and  to  ride  in  the  king's 
coaches,  he  was  taken  up  by  the  Polignacs,  most  probably 
through  Vaudreuil.  He  already  knew  fine  people  at 
court,  some  of  them  doubtless  through  his  friend,  Chevalier 
O'Mahony. 


Colonel  OConnell.  279 

Vaudreuil  formed  an  unusually  high  opinion  of  his  capa- 
city. "O'Connell,"  he  writes  to  the  Comte  d'Artois,  in  the 
dark  days  of  1790,  "  est  encore  un  de  ces  hommes  propres  aux 
grandes  enterprises."  The  siege  of  Gibraltar  was  the  only 
occasion  on  which  they  served  together.  Vaudreuil  had  ac- 
companied the  Comte  d'Artois,  and  followed  him  to  the 
trenches. 

As  Minorca  surrendered  in  February,  and  the  Due  de 
Crillon-Mahon  did  not  appear  before  Gibraltar  till  June,  I  am 
inclined  to  allocate  a  long  sojourn  my  hero  made  in  Cadiz 
to  that  period,  though  he  was  there  for  a  while  immediately 
after  the  siege.  In  a  letter  of  March,  1784,  defending  an  Irish 
merchant,  Mr.  Houlahan,  from  the  suspicions  of  misapplying 
the  funds  a  mutual  friend  had  left  in  his  hands,  he  mentions 
the  opportunity  he  had  of  forming  an  opinion  of  his  honour- 
able character  during  his  sojourn  in  Cadiz. 

Drinkwater  tells  us  how,  on  June  18,  1782,  the  dwellers  on 
the  beleagured  Rock  saw  in  the  afternoon  sixty  sail,  bearing 
the  French  reinforcements  under  the  Due  de  Crillon-Mahon. 

"  The  following  evening  several  Spanish  and  French 
general  officers  visited  the  lines,  where  they  remained,  except- 
ing one  general,  who,  accompanied  by  an  artillery  officer  and 
an  engineer,  came  forward  and  stood  some  time  in  the  front 
of  St.  Martin's  Battery.  At  this  time,  a  group  of  those  who 
remained  in  the  lines  were  assembled  on  the  glacis.  Our 
artillery  thought  proper  to  give  them  a  shot,  which  the 
general  in  the  advanced  works  probably  took  as  a  hint  to 
retire,  for  he  immediately  pulled  off  his  hat  and  returned  to 
the  battery. 

**  On  the  20th  and  21st  the  French  troops  disembarked, 
and  encamped  to  the  east  of  the  stone  quarry,  immediately 
under  the  Queen  of  Spain's  Chair." 

The  following  is  the  list  of  French  officers  given  by 
Drinkwater  from  an  official  return  (abridged  from  Appendix 
to  Drinkwater's  "Siege  of  Gibraltar").  The  original  is  in 
French,  and  headed,  "Etat  General  de  I'Armee  Espagnole  et 
Fran9oise  employee  an  Siege  de  Gibraltar,  sous  les  ordres 
de  son  Ex.  le  Due  de  Crillon,  Etat-Major  de  I'Armee  Espag- 
nole ;  General-en-chef,  le  Captaine-General  Due  de  Crillon." 


280        Tlic  Last  Colonel  of  the  Irish  Brigade. 

In  modern  parlance  "Etat-Major"  is  rendered  ''staff." 
Count  O'Connell  always  call  it  "state "-major.  I  find  it 
to  consist  of  lieut. -generals,  marechaux  de  camp  (major- 
generals),  and  brigadiers.  Save  and  except  the  illustrious  Irish 
name  of  Count  Lacy  (spelt  Lascy),  "Le  Comte  Lascy,  Com- 
mandant General  de  FArtillerie,"  the  Spanish  staff  does  not 
concern  us  Irish  folk.  They  are  fifty-one  in  all,  without 
counting  the  Due  de  Crillon.  The  "  Etat-Major  des  Troupes 
Fran9oises  "  is  much  less  numerous,  so  far  as  generals  and 
colonels  are  concerned,  but  seems  a  real  working  staff.  None 
of  the  Irish  regiments  took  part  in  it,  though  three  Irishmen 
appear. 

The  Due  de  Crillon-Mahon  is  given  as  commander-in- 
chief  of  the  whole  united  army. 

French  Staff. 
Baron  Falkenstein,  Commander-in-Chief. 
Marquis  de  Bouzolz,  second  in  command. 

Staff. 
Marquis  de  Crillon,  Brigadier, 
de  Portal,  Major-General. 

Baron  F.  le  Fort,  Baron  C.  le  Fort,  Adjutant-Generals. 
Aides-de-Camp  to  Baron  Falkenstein  :  Count  de  Nesle  de  la  Fourette, 

Chevalier   de   Grave,   Chevalier  de  Vault,   Chevalier  de  Poncet, 

Count  d'Argoult,  Count  de  P^rigord,  Count  de  Lost,  Marquis  de 

Laillebit. 
Marquis  de  Bouzolz's  Aides-de-Camp :  Marquis  de  Travance,  Chevalier 

d'Oraison,  Marquis  de  Montaigu. 

French  Brigade. 
Lyons  Regimetit. 
Yicomte  de  Veneur,  Maitre  de  Camp  Colonel. 
Marquis  de  Guerchy,  Second  Colonel. 
Dubourg,  Lieut. -Colonel, 
de  Cappy,  Major. 

Regiment  of  Brittany. 
Count  de  Crillon,  Maitre  de  Camp  Colonel. 
Vidame  de  Nasse',  Second  Colonel. 
Chevalier  de  St.  Roman,  Lieut. -Colonel. 
de  Portal,  Major. 

Artillei-y. 
Lieut. -Colonel  Commandant,  de  Goenand. 
Aide-Major  (Adjutant),  Captain  de  Barras. 
Captains  :  d'Artan,  Gromar  de  Quinlen. 
First  Lieutenants  :  d'Hemery,  Cadman. 
Second  Lieutenants  :  Chevalier  d'Alphonse,  de  Marten 
Third  Lieutenants  ;  Fich,  Fournier. 
130  men. 
Captain  and  Brevet-Colonel  Marquis  de  Puise'gur. 


Colonel  O'Connell.  281 

Gekman  Brigade. 

Royal  Swedish  Regiment. 
Connt  E.  de  Sjiarre,  Maitre  de  Camp  Colonel. 
Baron  d'Hamilton,  Maitre  de  Camp,  Second  Colonel. 
D.  O'Connell,  Lieut.-Colonel. 
d'Usner,  Major. 

Bouillon  Regiment. 
Baron  de  Wimpfenn,  Maitre  de  Camp,  Colonel. 
Baron  de  Nivenhaim,  Second  Colonel, 
de  Peyrier,  Lieut.-Colonel. 
O'Gliier,  Major. 

Engineers. 
Colonel  d'Arfon. 
Major  Doria. 

Captains  :  de  I'Hillier,  de  Bouleman,  d'Assigny,  de  Sanis. 
Lieutenants  :  Damorsean,  d'Aumont. 

Administration. 

Officers  in  charge  of  French  Works. 
Second  Captains  :  de  Wildemonth,  de  Meumir. 

Intendant  de  Boussiere. 
Commissaries  :  de  Boileau,  du  Demaine 

Commissariat.  ' 

Inspector  Mommergue. 
Director  Deniange. 

Postal  Department. 
Director  Brochel. 
Sub-Director  Channel. 

Hospital  Department. 

Thion,  First  Physician. 
Bodner,  First  Surgeon. 
Massol,  Second  Surgeon. 

Regimente.  Officers.  Men. 

Lyons  (French  Brigade)        G5  ...  1,024 

Brittany,  ditto 65  ...  1^016 

Royal  Swedes  (German  Brigade)     ...  (55  ...  1,000 

de  Bouillon,  ditto       52  ...  1025 


Total  French  troops        247         ...         4  055 

Spanish  ditto        1,667         ...       27^007 

In  all         1,916         ...       31,122 

Men  and  officers         ...       33  038 

On  August  15  the  French  king's  brother,  the  Comte 
d'Artois,  came  for  the  great  attack,  and  was  followed  next 
day  by  the  Due  de  Bourbon.  The  future  godly  Charles  X., 
then  an  exceedingly  wild,  scampish,  but  plucky  and  good- 
natured  young  scrapegrace,  brought  on   Governor  Eliott's 


282       The  Last  Colo7iel  of  the  Irish  Brigade. 

private  letters  (detained  at  Madrid),  and  sent  them  to  him, 
with  a  present  of  game,  fruit,  and  ice,  through  the  Due 
de  Crillon-Mahon.^  The  chivalrous  Englishman,  though 
accepting  the  compliment,  requested  it  would  not  be  repeated, 
as  he  shared  and  wished  to  share  every  privation  of  his 
soldiery.  As  well  as  the  great  preparations  for  the  sea  attack, 
the  French  made  great  earthworks  for  a  land  attack,  which 
were  personally  visited  by  the  Comte  d'Artois.  On  the  16th, 
after  his  inspection,  they  raised  in  the  night,  says  Drinkwater, 
*'  a  very  strong  and  lofty  epaulement,  in  extent  about  500 
yards,  connecting  the  parallel  to  eastern  beach,  with  a  com- 
munication near  1300  yards  long,  extending  from  the  principal 
barrier  of  the  lines  to  east  end  of  new  epaulement."  The  new 
work  of  casks  of  sand  and  fascines  was  ten  to  twelve  feet  high, 
and  of  proportionate  thickness.  Ten  thousand  men  did  it  in 
one  night.  On  the  17th  they  "erected  three  epaulements 
with  retiring  flanks  of  sand-bags  for  mortar  batteries."  But  the 
great  novelty  of  the  siege  was  the  Chevalier  d'Ar9on's  inven- 
tion of  floating  batteries,  of  which  I  shall  give  the  exceedingly 
graphic  account  furnished  by  the  "  Annual  Eegister." 

I  have  to  pick  out  my  hero's  personal  adventures  among 

^  Louis  de  Berton  des  Balbes  de  Crillon,  Due  de  Crillon-Mahon,  did 
not  represent  "ah  ancient  noble  family."  The  Bertons  were  among  the 
forty-eight  "families  illustrees  par  les  armes  on  dans  les  conseils  du 
prince  qui  jouissent  des  honneurs;du  Louvre  sans  avoir  fourni  les  preuves 
de  1399. "  This  is  very  sufficient  proof  that  they  were  not  an  ' '  ancient 
noble  family,"  and  is  an  ample  refutation  of  their  claim  to  descend  from 
the  illustrious  house  of  De  Balbes  de  Chieri. 

The  Marquise  de  Crequy  ("Souvenirs,"  vol.  iii.  p.  15)  says 
apologetically,  "II  est  vrai  que  nous  avons  parmi  nos  dues  MM.  de 
Crillon  et  De  Coigny  ;  mais,  au  moins,  les  auteurs  de  ces  deux  families 
^taient  de  vaillans  guerriers  et  d'illustres  capitaines." 

Louis  Berton,  the  first  traceable  ancestor  (a  hero  must  be  of  very 
mysterious  parentage  if  he  cannot  produce  a  grandfather),  bought  in  1456, 
according  to  Mons.  Bouillet,  the  seigneurie  of  Crillon  from  the  family  of 
Astonaud.  He  is  supposed  to  have  been  a  shopkeeper  of  Charpentras. 
His  son  took  the  name  of  Crillon,  and  was  granted  leitres  cVenohlissement 
in  1510.  His  son  Louis  de  Berton  des  Balbes  de  Crillon  (born  1541) 
annexed  the  name  of  des  Balbes,  was  a  mighty  man  of  war,  and  is  known 
to  history  as  "le  brave  Crillon."  To  him  Henri  IV.  wrote  from  the 
battle-field  of  Arques,  "Pends  toi  brave  Crillon  !  nous  avons  combattu  a 
Arques  et  tu  n'y  etais  pas."  The  hante  noblesse  might  sneer  at  the 
Crillons'  claim  to  high  descent  ;  it  would  have  been  better  for  France  if 
her  highest-born  sons  had  imitated  the  exuberant  vahnir  of  MM.  de 
Crillon,  and  left  pedigree  to  Mons.  Cherin  and  his  subordinates  of  the 
Cabinet  de  I'Ordre  du  St.  Esprit.— [R.  O'C] 


Colonel  OConnell.  283 

the  mighty  issues  and  momentous  questions  and  brilliant 
deeds  of  the  great.  He  was  an  eminently  scientific  soldier, 
who  from  his  boyhood  had  studied  his  trade;  as  a  lieut.- 
colonel  he  was  on  the  etat-major,  or  staff,  and  entitled  to  a 
voice  in  the  council.  His  opinion  had  the  additional  weight 
attaching  to  an  acknowledged  student  of  military  science. 
From  this  his  biographers  have  set  out  to  make  him  an 
artillery  or  engineer  expert ;  but  the  evidence  of  official 
documents  and  his  own  letters  amply  shows  his  exact  grade 
— an  infantry  lieut. -colonel.  I  do  not  deny  that  long  and 
sustained  study  and  application  gave  an  additional  weight 
to  his  opinions.  This  explanation  was  made  clear  to  me 
by  Daniel  O'Connell,  of  Darrynane,  who  has  made  a  most 
careful  study  of  the  siege,  and  who  kindly  lent  me  his 
copiously  annotated  Drinkwater. 

Lieut. -Colonel  O'Connell  "  served  with  the  combined 
French  and  Spanish  armament  which  blockaded  Gibraltar 
during  that  memorable  siege,"  says  Grant,  "  which  had 
commenced  on  January  12  the  preceding  year."  He 
forgets  to  mention  that  the  French  only  joined  towards  the 
end  of  June,  1782.  *'  Having  shown  considerable  skill  as 
an  engineer  at  Minorca  [this  error  has  been  previously 
pointed  out]  he  was  one  of  the  council  of  war  appointed  to 
assist  the  Chevalier  d'Ar9on  in  conducting  the  grand  attempt 
in  which  France  and  Spain  had  resolved  to  try  their  full 
strength  for  the  cajDture  of  that  celebrated  rock,  the  key  of 
the  Mediterranean ;  and  for  his  purpose,  as  already  stated  in 
the  '  Memoir  of  the  Lacys,'  40,000  soldiers,  with  200  pieces 
of  cannon  and  80  mortars,  pressed  the  attack  by  land,  while 
47  sail  of  the  line,  10  battering-ships,  and  a  multitude  of 
frigates  mounting  1000  guns,  and  having  12,000  chosen 
soldiers  added  to  their  crews,  lay  before  the  fortress  by  sea ; 
and  in  that  fortress,  to  meet  all  this  warlike  preparation,  were 
only  7000  British  soldiers. 

"The  French  Army  was  commanded  by  Louis  Due  de 
Crillon-Mahon,^  the  representative  of  an  ancient  noble  family 
in  the  Vaucluse,  who  had  commenced  his  military  career  in 
the  Grey  Musketeers,  and  served  under  Marshal  Villars  in 

^  See  note,  previous  paje. 


284       The  Last  Colonel  of  the  Irish  Brigade. 

Italy.  He  had  direction  of  the  whole  attack ;  his  engineers 
were  the  most  expert  in  Europe,  and  brave  volunteers  came 
from  all  quarters  to  take  part  in  a  siege  which  attracted  the 
attention  and  roused  the  expectation  of  continental  Europe. 

"  As  a  member  of  the  council  of  war,  O'Connell  repeatedly 
opposed  the  plans  of  the  Due  de  Crillon  and  the  Chevalier 
d'Ar9on,  and  declared  their  system  of  attack  '  worthless ; ' 
and  in  the  sequel  the  triumph  of  General  Eliott  proved  that 
his  observations  were  correct." 

In  the  next  sentence  Grant  commits  an  extraordinary 
mistake  :  "In  the  grand  attack  he  accepted  command  of  one 
of  the  floating  batteries." 

Now,  the  Lieut. -Colonel  of  the  Eoyal  Swedes  was  by  no 
means  important  enough  for  such  a  command,  and  by  the  en- 
closed official  list,  copied  from  Drinkwater,  it  will  be  seen  that 
the  Prince  of  Nassau  was  the  only  person  not  a  Spaniard  who 
commanded  one  of  them.  By  my  hero's  letter  of  October,  1787, 
now  published  for  the  first  time,  it  is  conclusively  proved  that 
he  served  under  the  prince,'consequently  in  the  Tailla  Piedra, 
the  second  ship  on  the  list. 

Commander. 

Eear-Admiral  Bonaventura  Moreno. 
Prince  of  Nassau-Siegen. 
Don  Gayetano  Longara. 
Don  Fras.  Xav.  Munos. 
Don  Frederico  Gravino. 


Names  of  the 

Guns 

Guns  in 

battering-ships.       in  use. 

reserve. 

Men. 

Two-deckers — 

Pastora 

21 

10 

760 

Tailla  Piedra 

21 

10 

760 

Paula  Prima... 

21 

10 

760 

El  Rosario    ... 

19 

10 

700 

St.  Christoval 

18 

10 

650 

One-deckers — 

Principe  Carlos 

11 

4 

400 

San  Juan 

9 

4 

340 

Paula  Secunda 

9 

4 

340 

Santa  Anna  . . . 

7 

4 

300 

Los  Dolores ... 

6 

4 

250 

Don  Antonio  Basurta. 
Don  Jose  Angeler. 
Don  Pablo  de  Cosa. 
Don  Jose  Goicoechea. 
Don  Pedro  Sanchez. 

142        70      5,260  men. 

N.B. — About  thirty-six  men  to  each  gun  in  use,  besides  sailors,  etc., 
to  work  the  ships. 

Note  states  that  Chev.  d'Arfon  remained  on  the  Tailla  Piedra  until 
half  an  hour  after  midnight. 

The  Liberator   makes  the   same  mistake,  and  says,  as 
quoted  by  O'Callaghan — 

"  Every  one  remembers  the  attack  made  by  the  floating 


Colonel  OVotinell.  285 

batteries  on  Gibraltar,  and  the  triumphant  resistance  of  the 
English  garrison  under  General  Eliott.  Lieut. -Colonel  O'Con- 
nell  was  one  of  the  three  engineers  to  whose  judgment  the 
plan  of  attack  was  submitted  a  few  days  before  it  was  carried 
into  effect.  He  gave  it  as  his  decided  opinion  that  the  plan 
would  not  be  successful.  The  other  two  engineers  were  of  a 
contrary  opinion,  and  the  event  justified  his  judgment."  In- 
stead of  "engineer"  let  us  say  "  military  expert,"  and  then 
the  story  ceases  to  be  improbable.  Another  mistake  occurs  a 
few  lines  later,  in  speaking  of  O'Connell  and  Count  Fersen 
as  the  two  Lieut. -Colonels  of  the  Eoyal  Swedish  Eegiment. 
Now,  Drinkwater's  Army  List  conclusively  proves  it  had  only 
one — agreeing  with  Count  O'Connell's  account  of  the  officers 
of  a  French  regiment  in  one  of  his  letters  already  quoted. 
The  Eoyal  Swedes,  however,  did  not  lack  colonels.  Their 
colonel-proprietor  was  the  King  of  Sweden ;  then  they  had 
Count  de  Sparre  as  colonel  in  command,  and  Colonel  Hamil- 
ton as  second  colonel.  This  latter  must  have  been  trans- 
ferred to  make  room  for  Count  Fersen.  The  cheering  soldiers 
would  naturally  shout  for  their  colonel  without  prefix  or 
addition,  so  the  "Colonel  en  Second"  might  easily  fancy 
the  cheers  for  the  lieut. -colonel  were  intended  for  himself. 
Let  us  suppose  the  soldiers  simply  shouted,  "Long  live  our 
colonel !  "  instead  of  "  our  lieutenant-colonel !  "  and  the  whole 
story  is  quite  feasible.  I  am  sorry  to  say  "le  Beau  Fersen,"^ 
brave,  chivalrous,  and  disinterested  as  he  was,  has  spoken  very 
nastily  and  spitefully  of  my  hero,  accusing  him  of  getting 
himself  promoted  out  of  his  turn,  through  the  influence  of  the 
Polignacs,  and  of  accepting  the  Ee volution.  In  justice  to 
Fersen,  however,  we  must  admit  that  Count  O'Connell's  serv- 
ing so  long  in  Paris  was  suspicious,  and  Fersen  could  not 
possibly  know  he  did  so  by  the  king's  express  orders.  He  was 
removed  from  the  Eoyal  Swedes  to  the  Salm-Salm  Eegiment, 
to  make  way  for  Count  Fersen.  I  shall  now  resume  tbe 
Liberator's  story,  correcting  the  grades  in  brackets. 

"  Upon  a  point  of  honour  recognized  in  the  French  Army, 
he  [Lieut. -Colonel  O'Connell]  claimed  a  right  to  share  the 
perils  of  an   attack   which  was   resolved   upon   against   his 

^  Yol.  ii.  of  his  "  Letters  and  Journals. " 


286       The  Last  Colonel  of  the  Irish  Brigade. 

opinion.  When  the  attempt  to  storm  Gibraltar  was  resolved 
on,  it  became  necessary  to  procure  a  considerable  number  of 
marines  to  act  on  board  the  floating  batteries.  For  this 
purpose  the  French  infantry  was  drawn  up,  and  being  in- 
formed of  the  urgency  of  the  occasion,  a  call  was  made  for 
volunteers,  among  the  rest,  of  course,  from  the  Eoyal  Swedes. 
Lieut. -Colonel  O'Connell's  regiment  was  paraded,  and  the  men 
having  been  informed  he  was  to  be  employed  on  the  service, 
the  whole  battalion  stepped  forward  to  one  man,  declaring 
their  intention  to  follow  their  lieut. -colonel.  It  so  happened 
that  the  senior  lieut. -colonel  [really  the  Colonel  en  Second], 
the  Count  de  Fersen,  then  well  known  as  *  le  Beau  Fersen,' 
and  towards  whom  it  was  more  than  suspected  that  Marie 
Antoinette  ^  entertained  feelings  of  peculiar  preference,  had 

*  I  regret  to  find  a  person  of  the  Liberator's  intelligence  deliberately- 
repeating  a  monstrous  calumny,  for  which  there  was  no  shadow  of 
foundation. 

Such  stories  generally  owe  their  existence  and  their  longevity  to  the 
type  of  woman  so  admirably  described  by  Shelley — 

"    ...  mincing  women  mewing 
Of  their  own  virtue,  and  pursuing 
Their  gentler  sisters  to  that  ruin 
Without  which — what  were  chastity  ?  " 

Count  Fersen  was  a  brave  and  true  man,  a  devoted  servant  of  the 
royal  family.  He  risked  his  life  for  them  when  "glass-coachman  of  a 
thousand,"  he  drove  them  the  first  stage  of  the  fateful  flight  to  Varennes ; 
he  risked  it  again  and  again  when  he  returned  to  Paris  in  February,  1792. 

Many  of  the  queen's  letters  to  him  have  been  published  in  "  Les 
Papiers  du  Grand  Marechal  de  Suede  Comte  Jean  Axel  de  Fersen." 

These  "  wild  years  of  the  change  of  things,"  were  pre-eminently  a 
period  of  slander  ;  la  sainte  canaille  dragged  God  and  the  Bourbons,  all 
things  high  and  holy,  through  the  mire  ;  the  mob  dethroned  and  strove 
vainly  to  defile  the  Lord  and  the  anointed  of  the  Lord.  Fersen,  in 
this  shared,  and  was  glad  to  share  the  fate  of  the  king  and  queen  he 
served.  A  brief  study  of  any  authentic  contemporary  memoirs  would 
have  saved  the  Liberator  from  repeating  a  base  lie.  O'Connell  may  have 
derived  his  ideas  from  the  "  Souvenirs  et  Portraits  "  of  the  Due  de  Levis, 
a  work  that  would  be  reliable  enough  were  it  not  for  the  duke's  passion 
for  sneering  at  anything  he  failed  to  understand.  The  noble  devotion  dis- 
played by  Fersen  was  entirely  beyond  this  good  gentleman's  comprehen- 
sion. He  says,  "  II  e'tait  inconvenant  sous  plus  d'un  rapport  que  M.  de 
Fersen  occupat  dans  cette  occasion  perilleuse  un  poste  qui  devait  appar- 
tenir  a  un  Grand  Seigneur  Fran^ais."  One  is  tempted  to  ask  what  that 
grand  Seigneur  Gaston  de  Levis-Ventadour  did  towards  saving  the  life  of 
the  king  who  had  created  him  Due  de  Levis  ?  He  had  no  share  in  the 
flight.  The  names  of  Grand  Seigneurs  are  few  in  the  list  of  those  im- 
peached as  accomplices  to  the  king's  flight,  by  M.  Mugnet  de  Nanthon. 
They  are  MM.  de  Bouill^  pere  et  fils,  Due  de  Choiseul,  Talon,  De 
Fersen,  De  Maldan,  Manaisen,  De  Raigecourt,  De  Mandel,  and  about  a 


Colonel  OConnell.  287 

arrived  from  Paris  but  a  short  time  before  to  join  the  regi- 
ment which,  since  his  appointment,  he  had  scarcely  seen. 
Attributing  the  enthusiasm  of  the  men  to  his  appearance,  he 
rode  up,  and  assured  them  he  would  be  proud  to  lead  them. 
A  murmur  of  disappointment  passed  along  the  line,  and  at 
length  some  of  the  old  soldiers  ventured  to  declare  that  it 
was  not  with  him  they  volunteered  to  go,  but  with  the  other 
lieut. -colonel  who  had  always  commanded  and  protected 
them.  With  a  generosity  which  does  him  honour,  Fersen 
immediately  declared  that  he  would  not  attempt  to  deprive 
Colonel  O'Connell  of  the  honour  he  so  well  deserved,  but  that 
he  hoped,  when  the  regiment  knew  so  much  of  him,  they  would 
be  equally  ready  to  follow  him.  Colonel  O'Connell  was  named 
second  in  command  of  one  of  the  floating  batteries,  and  this 
battery  was  one  of  the  first  to  come  into  action." 

We  have  his  own  word  that  he  served  on  the  prince's  ^ 
battery.  I  find  the  following  very  interesting  account  of  the 
floating  batteries  in  the  "Annual  Eegister."  I  am  sure  the 
reader  will  thank  my  diligence  for  transcribing  it. 

The  "Annual  Eegister"  states  that  the  court  of  Madrid 
proposed  the  sacrifice  of  from  ten  to  twenty  great  ships  of  war 
in  the  attempt  to  seize  Gibraltar  by  a  combined  attack  by  land 
and  sea.  The  French  engineer.  Chevalier  d'Arcon,  opposed 
the  idea,  and  suggested  the  floating  batteries,  which,  however 
excellent  in  theory,  proved  a  failure  in  practice.  This,  how- 
dozen  others,  most  of  whom  were  officers  commanding  the  detachments  of 
cavalry  posted  in  the  neighbourhood  of  Varennes.  Many  of  them  were 
utterly  ignorant  of  the  king's  flight  until  after  his  arrest  ("  Memoires  du 
Frere  de  Lait,'  vol.  ii.  pp.  41G,  etc.).— [B.  O'C] 

'  Charles  Henry  Nicholas  Otho,  soi-disant  Prince  of  Nassau-Siegen, 
was  the  son  of  Maximilian,  soi-disant  Prince  of  Nassau-Siegen,  whose 
mother,  Charlotte  de  Mailly,  gave  birth  to  him  three  years  after  she  had 
been  separated  from  her  husband,  Emmanuel  Ignatius,  Prince  of  Isassau- 
Siegen. 

The  Aulic  Council  of  1746  refused  to  entertain  Maximilian's  claim  to 
the  principality  of  Nassau-Siegen  ;  but  his  title  was  recognized  by  the 
Parliament  of  Paris  in  175G  ;  his  son  Charles  was  born  in  1745,  and  died 
at  Paris  in  1805,  having  served  France  as  colonel,  Spain  as  general,  and 
Pussia  as  admiral.  He  received  from  Spain  three  millions  of  francs  and 
the  grandeza  as  reward  for  his  services  at  the  siege  of  Gibraltar.  The 
title  of  Nassau-Siegen  became  extinct  on  the  death  of  Prince  Frederick 
William  in  1734.  He  left  two  sisters,  co-heiresses.  Princess  Charlotte, 
wife  of  Graf  Albrecht  von  der  Lippe-Buckeburg,  and  Princess  Elizabeth, 
wife  of  Count  Frederick  zu  Sayn-Witgenstein. —  [R.  O'C] 


288        Tlie  Last  Colonel  of  the  Irish  Brigade. 

ever,  could  not  be  known  until  the  experiment  bad  been  tried. 
"His  plan,"  says  the  careful  chronicler  of  the  "Eegister," 
"was  the  construction  of  floating  batteries  as  ships  upon  such 
a  principle  that  they  could  neither  be  sunk  nor  fired.  [How- 
ever, they  were  fired.]  The  first  of  these  properties  was  to  be 
acquired  by  an  extraordinary  thickness  of  timber  with  which 
their  keels  and  bottoms  were  to  be  fortified,  and  which  was 
to  render  them  proof  to  all  danger  in  that  respect,  whether 
from  external  or  internal  violence.  The  second  danger  was 
to  be  overcome  by  securing  the  sides  of  the  ships,  wherever 
they  were  exposed  to  shot,  with  a  strong  wall,  composed  of 
timber  and  cork  a  long  time  soaked  in  water,  and  including 
between  them  a  large  body  of  wet  sand ;  the  whole  being  of 
a  thickness  and  density  that  no  cannon-ball  could  penetrate 
within  two  feet  of  the  inner  partition.  A  constant  supply 
of  water  was  to  keep  the  parts  exposed  to  the  action  of  fire 
always  wet,  and  the  cork  was  to  act  as  a  sponge  for  retaining 
the  moisture. 

"For  this  purpose  ten  great  ships  from  600  to  1400  tons 
burthen  (some  of  them  said  to  be  of  fifty  or  sixty  guns)  were 
cut  down  to  the  state  required  by  the  plan,  and  200,000 
cubic  feet  of  timber  was  with  infinite  labour  worked  into 
their  construction.  To  protect  them  from  bombs,  and  the 
men  at  the  batteries  from  grape  or  descending  shot,  a  hang- 
ing roof  was  contrived,  which  was  to  be  worked  up  and  down 
by  springs  with  ease  and  at  pleasure.  The  roof  was  com- 
posed of  a  strong  rope-work  netting,  laid  over  with  a  thick 
covering  of  wet  hides,  while  its  sloping  position  was  calcu- 
lated to  prevent  the  shells  from  lodging,  and  to  throw  them 
into  the  sea  before  they  could  take  effect.  The  batteries 
were  covered  with  new  brass  cannon  of  great  weight,  and 
something  about  half  the  number  of  spare  guns  of  the  same 
kind  were  kept  ready  in  each  ship,  immediately  to  supply 
the  place  of  those  which  might  be  overheated  or  otherwise 
disabled  in  action.  To  render  the  fire  of  these  batteries  the 
more  rapid  and  instantaneous,  and  consequently  the  more 
dreadfully  effective,  the  ingenious  projector  had  contrived 
a  kind  of  match  to  be  placed  on  the  lights  of  the  guns,  of 
such  a  nature  as  to   emulate  lightning  in  the  quickness  of 


Colonel  O'ConnelL  289 

its  consumption  and  the  rapidity  of  its  action,  and  by  which 
all  the  guns  on  the  battery  were  to  go  off  together,  as  if  it 
had  been  only  a  single  shot. 

"But  as  the  red-hot  shot  from  the  fortress  was  the 
enemy  most  to  be  dreaded,  the  nicest  part  of  this  plan  seems 
to  have  been  the  contrivance  for  communicating  water  in 
every  direction  to  restrain  its  effect.  In  imitation  of  the 
circulation  of  the  blood  in  a  living  body,  a  great  variety  of 
pipes  and  canals  perforated  all  the  solid  workmanship,  in 
such  a  manner  that  a  continued  succession  of  water  was 
conveyed  to  every  part  of  the  vessels,  a  number  of  pumps 
being  adapted  to  the  purpose  of  an  unlimited  supply.  By 
this  means  it  was  expected  that  the  red-hot  shot  would 
operate  to  the  remedy  of  its  own  mischief,  as  the  very  action 
of  cutting  through  these  pipes  would  procure  its  immediate 
extinction.  So  that  these  terrible  machines,  teeming  with 
every  instrument  of  outward  destruction,  seemed  to  be  them- 
selves invulnerable  and  entirely  secure  from  all  danger. 

"  The  preparation  in  other  respects  was  beyond  all 
example.  It  was  said  that  no  less  than  twelve  hundred 
pieces  of  heavy  ordnance  of  various  kinds  had  been  accumu- 
lated before  the  place,  for  the  almost  numberless  intended 
purposes  of  the  attack  by  sea  and  land.  The  quantity  of 
powder  only  was  said  to  exceed  eighty-three  thousand  barrels. 
Forty  gun-boats  with  heavy  artillery,  as  many  bomb-vessels 
with  twelve-inch  mortars,  besides  a  large  floating  battery  and 
five  bomb-ketches  on  the  usual  construction,  were  all  destined 
to  second  the  powerful  efforts  of  the  great  battering-ships. 
Nearly  all  the  frigates  and  smaller  armed  vessels  of  the 
kingdom  were  assembled  to  afford  such  aid  as  they  might  be 
found  capable  of,  and  two  hundred  large  boats  were  collected 
from  every  part  of  Spain,  which,  with  the  very  great  number 
already  in  the  vicinity,  were  to  minister  to  the  fighting- 
vessels  during  the  action,  and  to  land  troops  in  the  place  as 
soon  as  they  had  dismantled  the  fortress.  The  combined 
fleets  of  France  and  Spain,  amounting  to  something  about 
fifty  ships  of  the  line,  were  to  cover  and  support  the  attack, 
and  could  not  but  greatly  heighten  the  terrors  as  well  as  the 
magnificence  of  the  scene." 

VOL.  I.  u 


290       The  Last  Colonel  of  the  Irish  Brigade. 

Eesuming  the  thread  of  Edmund  Burke's  narrative  in  the 
"  Annual  Eegister,"  we  come  to  the  following  passage  : — 

"The  preparations  by  land  kept  pace  with  those  by  sea. 
Twelve  thousand  French  troops  were  brought  to  diffuse  their 
peculiar  vivacity  and  animation  through  the  Spanish  Army, 
as  well  as  for  the  benefit  to  be  derived  from  the  example  and 
exertion  of  their  superior  discipline  and  experience.  The 
Due  de  Crillon  was  assisted  by  a  number  of  the  best  officers 
of  both  countries,  and  particularly  of  the  best  engineers  and 
artillerists  of  his  own." 

I  have  peculiar  pleasure  in  transcribing  the  contemporary 
account  of  my  hero's  adventures  on  board  the  floating 
battery,  Tailla  Piedra — 

"Here  it  was  [at  Gibraltar]  that  a  far  wider  field  pre- 
sented itself  to  Mr.  O'Connell  for  the  display  of  his  bravery 
and  skill ;  nor  was  the  opportunity  lost  upon  him.  In  every 
attack  he  bore  a  part  either  with  the  regiment  or  as  a 
volunteer,  and  such  respect  was  paid  to  his  judgment  that 
he  was  consulted  by  the  commanders  on  every  movement  of 
importance.  Though  he  disapproved  of  the  last  grand  effort, 
notwithstanding  all  the  tremendous  preparations  so  happily 
disconcerted,  yet  that  no  occasion  of  acquiring  glory  might 
slip  him,  he  volunteered  with  eagerness,  and  in  opposition  to 
the  wishes  of  his  friends,  for  liberty  of  serving  in  the  gun-boats. 
No  doubt  there  were  others  as  gallant  in  the  same  service. 
The  Prince  of  Nassau  maybe  called  Valour  itself;  possibly 
there  is  not  existing  a  man  who  has  stood  the  brunt  of 
danger  so  often.  Yet  would  all  his  courage  have  been  of  no 
avail  that  day  of  wrath  were  he  not  accompanied  by  Mr. 
O'Connell;  for  to  his  exertions  he  certainly  owed  his  preserva- 
tion. Dreadful  as  the  pelting  of  that  pitiless  storm  [allusion 
to  red-hot  shot]  must  have  been,  when  the  veteran,  whose 
glorious  deeds  are  some  compensation  for  the  many  shocks 
the  national  honour  has  sustained  during  a  ruinous  war,  was 
like  the  god  of  thunder  hurling  destruction  upon  his  enemies, 
it  is  to  Mr.  O'Connell's  peculiar  praise  that  he  continued  as 
composed  as  if  he  had  been  only  sending  them  hot  rolls  for 
breakfast. 

"In  the  midst  of  carnage  and  confusion,  when  his  com- 


Colonel  OConnell.  291 

panions  had  abandoned  themselves  to  despair,  he  conducted 
everything  with  coolness,  and  gave  his  orders  so  deliberately 
that  he  brought  sure  on  shore  the  prince's  own  boat  on  which 
he  served.  Not  content  with  this,  he  gathered  assistance 
from  all  quarters  for  the  unfortunates  whom  he  left  behind, 
and  it  is  acknowledged  on  all  sides  that  it  was  by  his  activity 
that  the  greater  part  of  those  who  escaped  were  saved.  This 
generosity,  however,  had  nearly  cost  him  his  life,  for  a  party 
of  Spanish  sailors,  averse  as  it  might  well  be  supposed  they 
were  to  hazard  themselves  in  such  a  scene,  attempted  to 
throw  him  overboard.  Having  providentially  frustrated  their 
nefarious  designs,  he  received  at  last  a  wound  on  the  head, 
which  was  thought  for  some  time  to  have  been  mortal." 

The  Due  des  Cars'  "  Memoires  "  have  just  come  out,  and 
enable  me  to  add  some  important  details  of  the  siege  of 
Gibraltar.  He  gives  one  anecdote  of  my  colonel.  The  Cheva- 
lier d'Argon's  great  conception  of  the  floating  batteries,  so 
graphically  described  by  the  pen  of  Edmund  Burke,  in  the 
"  Annual  Register,"  was  imperfectly  carried  out,  owing  to  the 
carelessness  of  the  commander-in-chief  and  the  boyish 
impatience  of  the  royal  prince. 

M.  des  Cars,  then  a  cadet  of  his  house,  accompanied  the 
Comte  d'Artois  to  the  siege  of  Gibraltar  as  captain  of  his 
guard.  He  says  (*'  Memoires  du  Due  des  Cars,"  vol.  i. 
p.  286)— 

"  We  had  the  greatest  curiosity  to  visit  the  famous  float- 
ing batteries,  on  which  the  two  courts  had  fixed  their  hopes 
for  the  success  of  the  siege  and  the  capture  of  the  place. 
Messieurs  de  Crillon,  de  Nassau,  and  d'Ar9on  brought  M.  le 
Comte  d'Artois  to  visit  them  in  Algesiras  Bay. 

"We  must  bear  in  mind  that  everything  to  be  used  in 
this  siege  had  been  fixed  upon,  ordered,  and  arranged  exactly 
a  year  before.  But  instead  of  finding  the  batteries  finished, 
according  to  the  engineer's  plans,  they  were  far  from  ready, 
though,  the  attack  being  fixed  on  for  the  following  month, 
their  co-operation  was  indispensable  before  the  English 
could  be  able  to  revictual  the  place.  Monsieur  d'Ar^on  had 
the  weakness  to  consent  to  do  without  some  essential  portions, 
for  instance,  some  of  the  precautions  against  red-hot  balls, 


292       The  Last  Colonel  of  the  Irish  Brigade. 

so  that,  though  the  work  proceeded  with  redoubled  activity, 
the  pivot  on  which  the  whole  plan  hinged,  namely,  the  pro- 
jected free  circulation  of  water  which  he  had  planned,  almost 
entirely  failed,  either  through  undue  precipitation  or  shortness 
of  time." 

Le  Chevalier  des  Cars,  as  he  was  then,  had  served  in  the 
navy,  and  describes  with  a  sailor's  appreciation  the  stately 
spectacle  of  fifty  ships  of  the  line  and  numerous  frigates 
riding  at  anchor.  These  were  the  combined  fleets  of  France 
and  Spain. 

In  pp.  301  to  315  of  his  first  volume  he  gives  many  in- 
teresting details  of  the  siege.  He  mentions  that,  three 
months  before  the  attack,  the  Chevalier  d'Arfon  had  drawn 
up  an  exact  plan  of  where  the  fire  by  land  and  sea  was 
to  open.  He  had  marked  exactly  where  the  ten  floating 
batteries  were  to  be  moored,  so  that  their  fire  should  complete 
the  circle  of  fire  which  was  to  be  opened  from  the  land 
batteries.  Will  it  be  credited  that  the  Due  de  Crillon-Mahon 
lost  the  document ;  that  the  Chevalier  d'Arcon  had  no  copy ; 
and  that  at  the  last  moment  he  had  to  go  out  in  a  row-boat 
to  sound  for  their  anchorages  ?  It  was  only  the  night  before 
that  the  Due  de  Crillon  confessed  he  had  mislaid  the  paper. 
The  noise  of  M.  d'Ar^on's  oars  attracted  the  enemy's  notice, 
and  he  had  to  desist. 

On  the  morning  of  September  13  the  ten  floating 
batteries  appeared  before  the  eyes  of  Europe,  propelled  by  a 
favouring  breeze,  but,  owing  to  the  loss  of  the  plan,  they  did 
not  get  into  the  proper  place.  Instead  of  riding  in  a  suitable 
depth  of  water  at  the  precise  point  where  land  and  sea  fires 
would  converge  on  Gibraltar,  while  being  in  partial  shelter 
themselves  all  the  time,  they  drifted  in  a  disorderly  manner 
to  the  central  space  between  the  two  moles,  where  they  were 
quite  unprotected,  and  drew  the  whole  central  fire  of  the 
place. 

Instead  of  the  ten  floating  batteries,  only  three  got  near  the 
beleaguered  city — Moreno's,  Nassau's  (on  which  my  hero  was 
serving),  and  Gravino's.  They  were  drawn  up  by  nine  o'clock 
in  the  morning.  The  other  seven  anchored  outside,  "  Moiul- 
lerent  au  large,"  says  Des  Cars,  exposed  in  full  to  the  English 


Colonel  GCoimell.  293 

fire.  He  also  observes  that  there  was  neither  first  nor  second 
line  regularly  formed  according  to  plan.  No  gun-boats  followed 
or  accompanied  the  "Empailletaos,"  as  the  Spaniards  called 
them.  "  Such,"  he  observes,  "  was  the  disorderly  fashion  in 
which  the  sea  attack  was  conducted." 

To  revert  to  our  colonel.  The  period  of  time  during 
which  he  was  thought  dead  must  have  been  indeed  brief,  as  he 
was  the  envoy  sent  on  shore  with  a  verbal  message,  and  to  bear 
back  a  reply  on  which  the  lives  of  all  on  board  the  burning 
ships  depended.  I  infer  that  the  explosion  which  scarred  his 
face  knocked  him  down  and  rendered  him  insensible,  or  at 
least  partially  stupefied  for  a  few  minutes,  when  the  flow  of 
blood  from  his  forehead  would  have  restored  the  keenness  of 
faculties  which  never  had  greater  need  of  coolest  perception. 

He  himself  wrote  to  his  friend  O'Mahony  that  he  was 
slightly  wounded  by  the  bursting  of  a  bomb.  The  Due  des  Cars 
shall  first  describe,  in  the  unconsciously  graphic  strain  of  an 
eye-witness,  how  O'Connell  came  to  the  Due  de  Crillon,  by  whose 
side  were  the  Comte  d'Artois  and  his  staff,  and  brought  the 
evil  tidings,  and  bore  back  the  orders  to  evacuate  the  Tailla 
Piedra. 

"  The  three  floating  batteries,"  says  Des  Cars  (p.  306), 
"  isolated  and  ill  placed  as  they  were,  showed  a  stout  front 
to  the  enemy  even  at  three  o'clock  in  the  afternoon  (having 
been  engaged  since  nine),  and  their  fire  was  well  sustained. 
Crillon  flattered  himself  he  would  augment  it  with  that  of  the 
seven  others,  to  which  he  was  sending  orders  to  draw  near 
the  three,  when  Monsieur  O'Connell,  slightly  wounded  in  the 
forehead,  arrived,  sent  to  Monsieur  de  Crillon  by  Messieurs 
de  Nassau  and  d'Ar9on.  They  sent  word  to  the  commander- 
in-chief  that  flames  had  broken  out  on  board ;  that  they 
could  not  possibly  quench  them  ;  that  they  were  losing 
numbers  of  men ;  and  that  the  best  thing  they  could  do 
would  be  to  disembark  the  men  serving  the  batteries,  and 
to  set  fire  to  these,  so  that  the  English  might  not  get  the 
*  carcasses  '  and  the  artillery. 

"  Crillon  at  once  sent  off  another  courier  "  (Des  Cars  has 
been  scornfully  telling  of  his  passion  for  despatching  too- 
hopeful  reports  to  the  Spanish  Court) — "  Crillon  sent  off  word 


294        The  Last   Colonel  of  the  Irish  Brigade. 

*  The  three  first  batteries  have  suffered,  but  the  seven  others 
are  untouched.'  On  receipt  of  their  message,  Monsieur  de 
Crillon  sent  orders  to  Messieurs  de  Nassau  and  d'Ar9on 
to  come  back  to  him,  that  they  might  concert  together 
about  taking  new  measures.  They  came  back  to  him  sure 
enough,  but  things  had  got  far  worse  since  O'Connell's 
departure." 

The  Due  des  Cars  here  mentions  how  the  Due  de  Crillon's 
orders  to  the  Spaniard  Don  Luis  de  Cordova,  to  take  off  the 
crews  of  the  floating  batteries  under  cover  of  the  night,  were 
disobeyed ;  how  at  break  of  day  the  three  doomed  hulks  were 
blazing  fires  amid  the  waters  ;  how  the  cries  of  the  doomed 
crews  reached  the  trenches  ;  how  two  batteries  blew  up  ;  and 
how  the  heroic  humanity  of  Commodore  Curtis  saved  the 
third  crew  just  before  the  last  one  blew  up. 

Now,  the  above-mentioned  anecdote  of  our  hero  seems  to 
me  of  great  importance.  It  shows  the  remarkable  coolness 
of  the  man.  A  shell  had  burst  at  his  feet  and  scarred  his 
face,  and  a  very  short  time  after  he  is  chosen  to  carry  a 
message  on  which  the  lives  of  three  crews  depended.  Surely 
no  more  perfect  illustration  ©f  his  coolness  could  be  given. 
I  fancy  the  mention  of  him  in  the  Comte  d'Artois's  despatch 
must  be  about  this  message.  The  anecdote  of  his  happy 
discovery  of  the  designs  of  the  Spanish  sailors  to  throw  him 
overboard  must  have  occurred  when  he  bore  back  the  answer 
that  the  French  commanders  were  to  come  on  shore  and  confer 
with  the  commander-in-chief. 

The  "Annual  Eegister  "  and  the  French  "  Memoires  " 
both  say  it  was  Captain  Curtis  who  rescued  the  crews.  Our 
colonel's  boat  most  probably  brought  off  the  commander  and 
some  attendants,  and  the  Prince  of  Nassau  for  his  conference 
with  the  Due  de  Crillon.  I  fancy  the  oft-repeated  anecdote  that 
our  hero  saved  the  life  of  the  French  prince  must  have  arisen 
from  his  saving  that  of  the  German  prince.  The  valiant 
Nassau  would  never  have  left  the  ship  without  the  Due  de 
Crillon's  orders,  and  these  orders  were  given  in  response  to 
O'Connell's  message.  Probably  his  knowledge  of  Spanish 
led  to  his  selection  for  the  task,  as  it  certainly  saved  his  life 
on  his  return  trip. 


Colonel  OConnell.  295 

This  story  is  as  follows,  written  down  by  Daniel  O'Connell, 
of  Darrynane : — 

"  After  the  floating  batteries  were  set  on  fire  at  the  siege 
of  Gibraltar,  Count  O'Connell  was  endeavouring  to  rescue 
their  crews  with  a  boat  manned  by  two  Spaniards.  The 
English  were  firing  on  the  burning  ships ;  their  own  guns 
were  going  off  as  they  got  heated,  and,  of  course,  there  was 
the  risk  of  explosion.  The  Spaniards,  not  liking  the  danger 
they  must  encounter  by  approaching  the  ships,  agreed  to 
throw  Count  O'Connell  (then  Colonel  O'Connell)  overboard 
and  return  to  the  shore.  He  understood  what  they  said, 
took  out  his  pistols,  examined  their  priming,  laid  them  on 
the  seat  by  him,  and,  addressing  the  men  in  Spanish,  told 
them  he  would  shoot  the  first  that  attempted  to  stir  except 
to  row  towards  the  floating  batteries.  The  Spaniards  sub- 
mitted, and  Count  O'Connell  saved  several  of  his  friends  and 
others.  Told  me  by  my  uncle,  Morgan  O'Connell." — 
[D.  O'C] 

Count  Bartholomew  O'Mahony  writes  thus  to  Maurice 
O'Connell,  of  Darrynane,  of  his  friend's  escape.  The  letter 
and  another  are  only  signed  "  C.  B.  M.,"  but  the  cross  of 
Malta,  the  count's  coronet,  and  the  arms  conclusively  prove 
the  owner  of  the  seal  a  Count  O'Mahony,  Knight  of  Malta. 
The  admixture  of  snakes  and  lions  is  thus  heraldically 
designated — 

Quarterly,  1st  and  4th,  a  lion  ramp.,  countercharged  ; 
2nd  and  3rd,  arg.,  a  chevron  gules  between  three  snakes  wavy 
in  pale  sable. 

Cambray,  28"^  8*"-%  1782. 
Your  Brother,  dear  Sir,  is  in  perfect  health.  I  just  now 
received  a  letter  from  him,  date  the  15""  of  this  Month,  and 
wrote  after  that  business  he  was  about  was  all  over ;  so  don't 
be  in  the  least  Uneasiness  if  you  hear  that  he  was  wounded. 
He  happily  got  but  a  very  slight  touch  on  the  forehead,  the 
skin  of  which  was  a  little  scarred  by  a  case  shot  on  the  Burst- 
ing of  a  bomb.  I  expect  that  we  will  meet  next  month  at 
Paris.  Adieu,  dear  Sir.  The  departure  of  the  Post  obliges 
me  to  finish,  as  I  would  not  put  off  to  another  day  to  quiet 
your  anxieties,  and  acquaint  you  of  a  news  that  makes  me 
the  happiest  man  alive. 


296       The  Last  Colonel  of  the  Irish  Brigade. 

Thus  former  comrade  and  eye-witness  exactly  agree.  I 
cannot  conceive  how  the  biographers  make  out  that  our  colonel 
was  mortally  wounded,  his  death  sympathetically  mentioned 
in  a  despatch  by  the  Comte  d'Artois,  and  one  of  his  ears 
blown  right  oflf,  **  une  orielle  d'emportee,"  say  the  French 
biographical  dictionaries.  His  grand-niece,  the  Liberator's 
second  daughter,  who,  marrying  her  cousin,  ever  remained 
Kate  O'Connell,  assured  me  she  never  saw  the  least  thing 
wrong  with  the  general's  ears,  and  she  was  constantly  with 
him  all  one  winter.  I  fancy  his  name  was  mentioned  in 
despatches  in  connection  with  the  message  he  bore  from  the 
burning  battery.^ 

I  must  now  turn  from  my  hero's  personal  adventures  to 
the  closing  scenes  of  the  great  siege  in  which  he  has  borne 
his  part. 

The  "  Annual  Eegister  "  for  August  8,  1782,  gives  a  most 
graphic  and  ghastly  picture  of  the  sequel  of  that  famous  fight. 

**  The  battering-ships  were  found  upon  trial  to  be  an  enemy 
scarcely  less  formidable  than  had  been  represented.  Besides 
maintaining  a  cannonade  so  prodigious  through  the  greater 
part  of  the  day  as  scarcely  admitted  any  appearance  of 
superiority  on  the  side  of  the  fortress,  their  construction  was 
so  admirably  calculated  for  the  purpose  of  withstanding  the 
combined  powers  of  fire  and  artillery,  that  for  several  hours 
the  incessant  showers  of  shells  and  the  hot  shot  with  which 
they  were  assailed  were  not  capable  of  making  any  visible 
impression  upon  them. 

"  About  two  o'clock,  however,  some  smoke  was  seen  to 

issue  from  the  upper  part  of  the  admiral's  ship,  and  soon 

after  men  were  observed  using  fire-engines  and  pouring  water 

into  the  shot-holes.     This  fire,  though  kept  under  during  the 

continuance  of  daylight,  could  never  be  thoroughly  subdued ; 

1  In  a  note  at  the  end  of  this  chapter  will  be  found  interesting  extracts 
from  the  journal  of  the  person  chiefly  engaged  in  the  destruction  of  the 
floating  batteries.  Alexander  Ross,  who  commanded  the  English  Ordnance 
at  the  siege  of  Gibraltar,  was  the  great-grand-uncle  of  my  fellow-worker, 
Ross  O'Connell,  whose  other  great-grand-uncle  he  nearly  blew  up  on  that 
occasion.  Alexander  Ross's  niece,  MissJ  Hannah  Ross,  married  Admiral 
Sir  Richard  O'Connor,  whose  daughter  Emily  married  Sir  Maurice 
O'Connell,  my  hero's  grand-nephew.  I  had  first  intended  using  the 
extracts  as  footnotes,  but  think  they  will  be  more  interesting  and  more 
easily  referred  to  when  printed  as  a  whole. 


Colonel  OConnell.  297 

and  in  some  time  the  ship  commanded  by  the  Prince  of 
Nassau  [on  which  my  hero  was  serving],  which  was  like  in 
size  and  force  to  the  admiral's,  was  perceived  to  be  in  the 
same  condition. 

"  The  disorder  in  these  two  commanding  ships  in  the  centre 
affected  the  whole  line  of  attack,  and  by  the  evening  the  fire 
from  the  fortress  had  gained  a  decided  superiority.  The  fire 
was  continued  from  the  batteries  in  the  fortress  with  equal 
vigour  through  the  night,  and  by  one  o'clock  in  the  morning 
the  two  first  ships  were  in  flames  and  several  more  visibly 
on  fire.  The  confusion  was  now  great  and  apparent,  and 
the  number  of  rockets  continually  thrown  up  from  each  of 
the  ships  as  signals  to  the  fleets  were  sufficiently  expressive 
of  their  extreme  distress  and  danger. 

"  These  signals  were  immediately  answered,  and  all  means 
used  by  the  fleet  to  afford  the  assistance  which  they  required  ; 
but  as  it  seemed  impossible  to  remove  the  battering-ships, 
their  endeavours  were  only  directed  to  bringing  off  the  men. 
A  great  number  of  boats  were  accordingly  employed,  and 
great  intrepidity  displayed  in  the  attempts  for  this  purpose ; 
the  danger  from  the  burning  vessels,  filled  as  they  were  with 
instruments  of  destruction,  appearing  no  less  dreadful  than 
the  fire  from  the  garrison,  terrible  as  that  was,  and  that  the 
light,  thrown  out   on  all  sides  by  the  flames,  afforded  the 

,  utmost  precision  in  its  direction. 

\  "  This  state  of  things  presented  an  opportunity  for  the 
exercise  of  the  daring  genius  of  Captain  Curtis,  in  using  the 
exertions  of  his  gun- boats  to  complete  the  general  confusion 
an<\\  destruction.  These  were  twelve  in  number,  and  each 
carried  an  eighteen  or  twenty-four  pounder ;  their  low  fire 
and  fixed  aim  were  not  a  little  formidable.  They  were 
specially  manned  by  the  Marine  Brigade,  who  were  equally 
eager  to  second  the  designs  of  their  adventurous  commander, 
whether  by  land  or  by  sea.  He  drew  these  up  in  such  a 
manner  as  to  flank  the  line  of  battering-ships,  which  were 
now  equally  overwhelmed  by  the  incessant  fire  from  the 
garrison  and  by  that  just  at  hand,  raking  the  whole  extent 
of  their  line  from  the  gun-boats.  The  scene  was  wrought  up 
by  this  fierce  and  unexpected  attack  to  the  highest  point  of 


298       11  it  Last  Colonel  of  the  Irish  Brigade. 

calamity.  The  Spanish  boats  dared  no  longer  to  approach, 
and  were  compelled  to  the  hard  necessity  of  abandoning 
their  ships  and  friends  to  the  jflames,  as  to  the  mercy  and 
humanity  of  a  heated  and  irritated  enemy.  Several  of  their 
boats  and  launches  had  been  sunk  before  they  submitted  to 
this  necessity ;  and  one  in  particular,  with  four  score  men 
on  board,  were  all  drowned,  excepting  an  officer  and  twelve 
men,  who,  having  the  fortune  to  float  on  the  wreck  under 
the  walls,  were  taken  up  by  the  garrison. 

"  The  daylight  now  appearing,  two  Spanish  feluccas, 
which  had  not  escaped  with  the  others,  attempted  to  get  out 
of  the  danger,  but  a  shot  from  a  gun-boat  having  killed 
several  men  on  board  one  of  them,  they  were  both  glad  to 
surrender. 

"  It  seemed  that  nothing  could  have  exceeded  the  horrors 
of  the  night;  but  the  opening  of  daylight  disclosed  a  spectacle 
still  more  dreadful.  Numbers  of  men  were  seen  in  the  midst 
of  the  flames,  crying  out  for  pity  and  help ;  others  floating 
upon  pieces  of  timber,  exposed  to  an  equal  though  less  dread- 
ful danger  from  the  opposite  element.  Even  those  in  the 
ships  where  the  fire  had  yet  made  a  less  progress,  expressed 
in  their  looks,  gestures,  and  words  the  deepest  distress  and 
despair,  and  were  no  less  urgent  in  imploring  assistance. 

"The  generous  humanity  of  the  victors  now,  at  least, 
equalled  their  extraordinary  preceding  exertions  of  valour, 
and  was  to  them  far  more  glorious.  Nor  were  the  exertions 
of  humanity  attended  with  less  danger  than  those  of  active 
hostility.  The  honour  and  danger,  however,  all  lay  with 
the  Marine  Brigade  and  their  intrepid  commander. 

"  The  firing  from  both  the  garrison  and  gun-boats 
instantly  ceased  upon  the  first  appearance  of  the  dismal 
spectacle  presented  by  the  morning  light,  and  every  danger 
was  encountered  to  rescue  the  distressed  enemy  from  sur- 
rounding destruction.  In  these  efforts  the  boats  were  equally 
exposed  to  the  peril  arising  from  the  blowing  up  of  the  ships 
as  the  fire  reached  their  magazines,  and  to  the  continual  dis- 
charge on  all  sides  of  the  artillery,  as  the  guns  became  to  a 
certain  degree  heated.  It  was,  indeed,  a  noble  exertion ;  and 
a  more   striking  instance  of  the  ardour  and  boldness  with 


Colonel  O'Connell.  299 

which  it  was  supported  need  not  be  given  than  that  of  an 
officer  and  twenty-nine  private  men,  all  severely  and  some 
dreadfully  wounded,  who  were  dragged  out  from  amongst  the 
slain  in  the  holds  of  the  burning  ships,  and  most  of  whom 
recovered  in  the  hospitals  of  Gibraltar." 

As  my  hero  was  not  among  those  saved  by  their  generous 
enemy,  I  shall  abridge  the  rest  of  the  account  of  August  9. 
Captain  Curtis  was  ever  the  first  to  board  the  burning  ships, 
and  to  set  the  example  of  dragging  the  wounded  through  the 
flames.  His  pinnace  was  actually  beside  one  of  the  largest 
ships  when  she  blew  up,  and  several  of  its  crew  were  killed. 
General  Eliott  thought  he  had  perished. 

"Admiral  Don  Bonaventura  Moreno  left  his  flag  flying," 
continues  the  "  Annual  Eegister,"  "  when  he  abandoned  his 
ship,  in  which  state  it  continued  until  it  was  consumed  or 
blown  up  with  the  vessel.  Eight  more  of  the  ships  blew  up 
in  the  course  of  the  day.  The  tenth  was  burned  by  the  Eng- 
lish when  they  found  she  could  not  be  brought  off." 

The  "Annual  Eegister"  calculates  the  Spanish  and 
French  loss  at  1500.  It  quotes  an  affecting  passage  from 
the  letter  of  a  French  officer,  given  in  the  foreign  gazettes. 
It  is  dated  the  evening  of  August  8,  1782 — 

"  The  eye  is  fatigued  and  the  heart  rent  with  the  sight 
and  the  groans  of  the  dying  and  the  wounded,  whom  the 
soldiers  are  this  moment  carrying  away.  The  number  makes 
a  man  shudder ;  and  I  am  told  that  in  other  parts  of  the 
lines,  which  are  not  within  view  of  my  post,  the  numbers  are 
still  greater.  Fortunately  for  my  feelings,  I  have  not,  at 
this  instant,  leisure  to  reflect  much  on  the  state  and  condition 
of  mankind." 

Hostilities  on  a  small  scale  were  kept  up  until  February 
6,  1783,  when  the  Due  de  Crillon-Mahon  announced  to 
Governor  Eliott  that  peace  had  been  concluded  among  their 
royal  masters,  and  that  the  blockade  was  to  cease.  Old 
Drinkwater  gives  a  charming  account  of  the  interchange  of 
civilities  and  banquets. 

The  generals  had  a  solemn  interview  on  the  12th,  on  the 
beach,  where  they  dismounted  and  embraced.  On  the  18th 
the  duke  presented  Eliott  with  a  grey  Andalusian  horse,  and 


300       The  Last  Colonel  of  the  Irish  Brigade. 

on  the  22nd  personally  led  Generals  Eliott  and  Greene 
through  the  Spanish  works,  and  entertained  them  at  dinner. 
On  the  31st  the  duke  and  several  Spanish  nobles  returned 
the  visit,  and  were  hospitably  entertained.  "  When  the 
duke  appeared  within  the  walls,"  says  Drinkwater,  "the 
soldiers  saluted  him  with  a  general  huzza,  which,  being  un- 
expected by  his  grace,  it  is  said  greatly  confused  him.  The 
reason,  however,  being  explained,  he  seemed  highly  pleased 
with  the  old  English  custom,  and,  as  he  passed  up  the  main 
street,  where  the  ruinous  and  desolate  appearance  of  the 
town  attracted  a  good  deal  of  his  observation,  his  grace 
behaved  with  great  affability." 

A  family  tradition  has  always  asserted  that,  on  some 
occasion  during  the  siege,  my  hero  saved  the  life  of  the 
Comte  d'Artois,  but  it  is  not  mentioned  in  any  of  the  bio- 
graphical sketches  I  have  seen.  However,  I  came  across  a 
confirmation  of  it  from  an  independent  source  in  the  "  Critical 
Essays  of  an  Octogenarian."  The  writer,  Mr.  James  Eoche, 
once  an  eminent  banker,  was  a  member  of  an  ancient  County 
Cork  family,  and  a  person  of  great  erudition.  I  knew  his 
daughters  in  after-years.  He  spent  a  great  deal  of  time  in 
France,  and  at  one  period  collected  some  materials  for  a 
work  on  the  Irish  Brigade,  but  he  never  made  use  of  them. 

Mr.  Eoche  was  not  in  any  way  related  to  or  connected  with 
the  O'Connells.  At  p.  40  of  his  Essays,  which  are  rather  a 
series  of  reminiscences  interspersed  with  history  and  criti- 
cism, he  says,  "  It  is  well  known  that  a  marshal's  staff  was 
destined  for  Count  O'Connell  by  Charles  X.,  whose  life  he 
had  saved  in  1782  at  the  siege  of  Gibraltar,  and  only  stopped 
execution  by  that  sovereign's  dethronement.  No  one  could 
be  worthier  of  that  or  any  other  honour." 

Mr.  Eoche  was  personally  acquainted  with  the  old  gentle- 
man and  sundry  other  veterans  of  the  Brigade  in  Paris. 

[The  Comte  d'Artois  was,  one  day  during  the  siege  in  1782, 
inspecting  the  lines  at  St.  Eoch.  H.E.H.  was  accompanied 
by  the  Due  de  Crillon  and  a  numerous  staff,  including  Count 
O'Connell.  A  bomb  fell  beside  the  brilliant  party  ;  they  all 
threw  themselves  on  the  ground  to  avoid  the  effects  of  the 
explosion,  when  a  Frenchwoman,  who  kept  a  canteen  close 


Colonel  OConnell  301 

by,  rushed  forth  with  two  children  in  her  arms,  and,  seating 
herself  on  the  bombshell,  extinguished  the  fuse,  by  her  ex- 
traordinary courage  saving  many  lives.  H.E.H.  granted 
the  woman  a  pension  of  three  francs  a  day,  and  the  due 
allowed  her  a  pension  of  five. — E.  O'C] 

There  is  not  a  discoverable  scrap  of  my  hero's  writing 
now  extant  during  this  most  momentous  period  of  his  career, 
but  a  friend  takes  up  the  tale.  He  signs  "  C.  B.  M."  The 
seal  is  badly  broken,  and  the  armorial  bearings  were  rubbed 
off  in  pasting  it  into  the  letter-book.  Only  the  points  of  the 
cross  of  Malta  appear.  It  was  customary  to  put  the  family 
coat  of  arms  in  the  centre,  and  let  the  cross  appear  outside. 
Now,  Chevalier  Fagan's  name  was  Christopher,  and  it  was 
customary  to  sign  all  formal  letters  with  a  title,  so  the  first 
"  C."  stands  for  "count"  or  "  chevalier."  The  writing  is  not 
Chevalier  Fagan's ;  whose  writing  it  is,  I  could  not  at  first 
say,  but  the  cross  and  initials  all  pointed  conclusively  to 
Chevalier  Bartholomew  O'Mahony.  Since  I  wrote  the  above, 
Mr.  Leyne,  of  the  Eegistry  of  Deeds  Office,  lent  me  the  letter 
quoted  before,  in  which  the  perfect  armorial  seal  proves  the 
writer  to  be  this  gallant  soldier  and  devoted  friend.  The 
letter,  in  the  letter-book,  corrects  another  mistake  of  all  Count 
O'Connell's  biographers.  It  states  that  he  was  made  colonel 
in  command  of  the  Eoyal  Swedes.  This  would  also  account 
for  Count  Fersen's  evident  jealousy.  The  Irish  soldier  of 
fortune  was  promoted  by  leaps  and  bounds,  right  over  the 
head  of  the  King  of  Sweden's  own  special  friend.  Later  he 
had  to  make  way  for  Fersen,  by  the  orders  of  the  Swedish 
king.  O'Connell's  services  must  have  been  very  distinguished, 
when  he  was  made  full  colonel,  passing  over  the  grade  of 
second  colonel  and  a  person  of  such  consequence  as  the 
Swedish  Fersen. 

Of  course,  there  is  the  usual  hint  about  the  pedigree  in  the 
end  of  this  letter.  How  Hunting  Cap  must  have  hated  the 
very  sound  of  the  word  "pedigree"!  Yet  it  was  a  most 
essential  and  integral  point.  I  am  quite  incompetent  to  do 
the  court  chapter  single-handed,  when  the  arrival  of  the 
pedigree  finally  permitted  my  hero  to  make  his  bow  to  King 
Louis  ;  but  my  able  coadjutor,  Ross  O'Connell,  of  Lake  View, 


302       Die  Last  Colonel  of  the  Irish  Brigade. 

will  do  much  of  it  for  me.     I  must  not  any  longer  keep  the 
chivalrous  friend  waiting  to  describe  a  comrade's  luck. 

To  Maurice  O'Connell,  of  Darrynane,  from  C.  B.  M. 

Paris,  14""  9"",  1782. 
It's,  Dear  Sir,  with  the  most  feeling  satisfaction  that 
I  inform  you  of  your  Brother's  being  promoted  to  the  place 
of  Colonel  Commandant  of  the  Swedes  Eegiment.  So  you 
see  him  now  on  the  high  road  to  the  most  brilliant  Military 
fortune,  and  Nature  has  bestowed  upon  him  all  the  qualities 
that  can  make  you  expect  of  his  following  it  as  far  as  possible. 
This  place  gives  him  twelve  thousand  livres  a  year.  I  re- 
ceived a  Letter  from  him  dated  from  Cadiz,  the  S"*^  of  this 
month.  He  is  in  perfect  health,  and  I  hope  I  shall  have 
the  pleasure  of  embracing  him  very  soon.  It  would  be  most 
useful  to  him  to  find  on  his  Arrival  here  the  papers  he  prayed 
you  to  send  to  him.  They  are  absolutely  necessary  in  the 
present  circumstances. 

I  am,  with  sincere  regards  and  attatchment. 

Ever  your  most  faithful  and  assured  humble  servant, 

C.  B.  M. 

All  the  old  letters  and  memoirs  concur  in  describing 
Cadiz  as  the  most  delightful  quarters  in  the  world.  It  was 
ruled  by  a  valiant  and  distinguished,  but  nowise  delightful 
person,  Count  O'Reilly,  with  whom  my  hero  had  a  shght 
encounter,  confined  only  to  words.  The  Due  des  Cars  tells 
how,  after  the  siege,  he  accompanied  the  Comte  d'Artois  and 
the  Due  de  Bourbon  to  the  lovely  city,  which  he  had  known 
well  in  his  sailor  days. 

"I  was  enchanted  to  see  once  more,  after  a  lapse  of 
twelve  years,  a  town  where  I  had  tasted  of  every  species  of 
pleasure.  General  O'Reilly  was  the  governor,  and  I  found 
the  town  greatly  embellished  by  his  care,  also  the  road 
outside  the  land  gate.  O'Reilly  held  the  state  of  a  viceroy 
in  Cadiz.  He  gave  the  princes  a  magnificent  reception, 
superb  cheer,  and  all  the  perfumes  of  Arabia  breathing 
through  the  apartments." 

Perhaps  the  veteran,  who  was  very  crusty  by  nature,  had 
expended  so  much  suavity  on  his  illustrious  guests  that  he 
had  none  left  for  humbler  folk. 

Says   the   Kerry    Chronicle,  March  9,   1785,    "Governor 


Colonel  O'ConneU.          ■  303 

O'Reilly,  whose  rigorous  treatment  of  prisoners  during  the 
war  has  been  often  censured,  congratulated  Colonel  O'Con- 
neU on  his  good  fortune,  and  asked  to  what  impegneo,  or 
intrigue,  he  owed  such  rapid  preferment.  *  To  this,  sir,' 
replied  O'Connell,  drawing  his  sword,  and  giving  Count 
O'Eeilly  a  most  disdainful  look.  '  To  this,  which  has  pro- 
cured me  the  favour  of  my  sovereign.'  He  could  not  be 
persuaded  to  visit  the  governor  again." 

Any  book  about  distinguished  Irishmen  will  tell  of  the 
veteran's  achievements,  but  I  heard  the  following  quaint  anec- 
dote from  a  reverend  namesake  of  O'Reilly's.  My  informant, 
when  a  little  child,  had  seen  a  very  aged  priest  who  had  been 
bred  in  Spain.  O'Reilly  used  to  visit  the  Irish  College,  where 
the  student  dwelt,  for  he  was  both  patriotic  and  devout, 
according  to  his  temperament.  His  dream  was  to  head  a 
Spanish  force  against  England,  land  in  his  native  country, 
overturn  heresy  and  tyranny,  and  the  very  first  thing  he 
swore  to  do  was  to  burn  to  the  ground  his  ancestral  home, 
polluted  by  conforming  kinsmen,  whom  he  would  put  to  the 
sword,^  as  he  used  to  tell  the  student  who  related  the  story. 

The  Due  des  Cars  gives  us  a  more  pleasing  account  of 

another  Irish  veteran.   Count   Lacy.      "  Count  Lacy,"  says 

the   Due  des    Cars  (vol.  i.  p.    278),  "was    a  man  of  most 

lofty  stature.     His  appearance  was  most  noble,  his  manners 

those  of  a  great  lord.     As  Spanish  Minister  Plenipotentiary, 

he  had  enjoyed  the   highest   esteem  of   the    Courts   of   St. 

Petersburg  and  Stockholm,  and  it  was  entirely  to  him  that 

Charles  III.  was  indebted  for  a  superb  and  excellent  corps 

of  artillery.      His  valour,  cool  to   a  degree,  was  as  brilliant 

as   his   appearance   was   imposing.      Both   Frenchmen   and 

1  "  A  True  '  Soldier  of  Fortune.' — Don  Alexander  O'Reilly,  Count 
Commander  of  the  Spanish  Armies,  Field-Marshal,  Captain-Generai  at  the 
Havannah,  Governor  and  Lieut.-General  of  Louisiana,  which  he  took 
possession  of  in  1768,  when  surrendered  by  the  French.  Born  in  Ireland 
1725,  died  in  Spain  1794.  There  can  scarcely  be  found  anywhere  a  more 
romantic  or  exciting  career  than  that  of  O'Reilly.  He  fought  in  Spain, 
Italy,  Germany,  France,  and  America.  He  saved  the  king's  life,  was  at 
the  head  of  his  armies  and  government,  was  in  disgrace  and  exile,  and 
everywhere  and  always  showed  high  spirit,  the  greatest  bravery,  and  the 
most  devoted  loyalty  to  the  king.  He  was  a  '  terror  '  when  in  command 
in  Louisiana,  and  made  short  work  of  evil-doers  and  those  who  resisted 
the  authority  of  'the  king,  his  master.'  "  One  of  the  principal  streets  in 
Havana  is  named  Calle  O'Reilly  after  him. — [Found  in  a  newspaper.] 


304       The  Last  Colonel  of  the  Irish  Brigade. 

Spaniards  had  the  highest  veneration  for  him."  Surely 
a  more  noble  portrait  cannot  be  found  in  the  long  gallery 
of  the  Irish  cavaliers  of  fortune.  Such  was  the  Spanish 
general-in-chief  who  had  been  pitted  against  the  illustrious 
Eliott. 

At  the  very  time  Count  O'Connell  was  achieving  position 
and  distinction  at  the  sword's  point,  his  two  surviving 
brothers  and  their  cousin  Daniel  O'Connell,  of  Tarmons,  had 
a  narrow  escape  of  their  lives  and  liberties.  Their  smuggling 
exposed  them  to  the  machinations  of  an  informer,  and  this 
time,  but  for  powerful  Protestant  friends,  things  might  have 
gone  hard  with  them ;  however,  they  came  off  with  flying 
colours,  and  Maurice's  grim  and  ponderous  respectability 
shone  forth  untarnished.  Smuggling  was  not  considered 
in  eighteenth-century  Kerry  in  the  smallest  degree  incom- 
patible with  an  "uncommon  good  character"  and  consider- 
able "  consequence,"  as  appears  from  the  letters  of  his 
heretical  but  valuable  friends. 

The  following  curious  story  was  told  me  by  the  late  Mr. 
Butler,  of  Waterville,  as  well  as  by  the  O'Connells  and  their 
followers.  The  mysterious  token,  "the  crooked  knife,"  was 
merely  an  old  pruning-knife.  Hunting  Cap  probably  first 
got  it  for  his  orchard,  and  then  used  it  as  a  token  in  dealing 
with  the  peasantry.  Old  Dan  Sullivan,  the  Liberator's 
steward,  told  me  that  he  had  often  heard  a  tenant  would  walk 
out  and  give  up  his  holding  at  the  bidding  of  the  bearer  of 
the  crooked  knife.  It  also  served  the  purpose  of  the  Scottish 
fiery  cross  for  assembling  the  people.  Its  bearer  was  im- 
plicitly obeyed  as  Hunting  Cap's  mouthpiece.  It  was  lost 
when  the  present  Daniel  O'Connell  was  a  boy. 

Captain  Whitwell  Butler,  of  the  Eevenue  Force,  formerly 
a  naval  officer,  had  become  very  successful  in  putting  down 
petty  smuggling,  and  now  determined  to  try  conclusions  with 
the  sage  of  Darrynane. 

One  fine  September  morning,  the  5th  of  that  month,  1782, 
while  Hunting  Cap,  his  brother,  and  sundry  cousins  and 
nephews,  with  a  throng  of  peasants,  were  happily  engaged  in 
landing  a  valuable  cargo,  Captain  Butler  swooped  down  on 
them  with  the  King's  men,  and  made  a  seizure  of  all  their 


Colonel  O'Connell.  305 

store.  Hunting  Cap  submitted  to  the  inevitable,  and  civilly 
invited  the  officer  to  breakfast.  Hunting  Cap's  wife  had  a 
French  silk  gown  in  the  cargo,  and  expressed  a  wish  to 
ransom  her  finery. 

"  You  shall  have  it  free,  madam,  if  it  costs  me  my  com- 
mission," gallantly  responded  the  officer,  and  he  sent  for  the 
piece  of  silk  for  her. 

Captain  Butler  determined  to  return  to  Waterville  across 
country  on  foot,  with  a  very  small  escort.  Hunting  Cap 
knew  the  peasants  were  furious  at  the  capture,  and  dreaded 
mischief,  so  he  besought  the  officer  to  let  him  send  with  him 
one  of  his  nephews  (the  O'Sullivans  of  Couliagh),  as  otherwise 
he  could  not  answer  for  the  people.  In  Captain  Butler's 
presence  he  handed  the  crooked  knife  to  his  nephew,  bidding 
him  escort  the  ofiicer  to  the  river-bank  at  Waterville. 

Thus  singularly  guarded,  the  representative  of  law  and 
order  set  out.  In  passing  through  the  hamlet  of  Cahirdaniel 
they  noticed  lowering  looks  and  hostile  gestures,  but  a  sight 
of  the  crooked  knife  caused  the  peasants  to  make  way.  Some 
distance  beyond  the  village,  Captain  Butler  begged  young 
0' Sullivan  to  go  back,  and  struck  across  the  high  mountain 
for  his  home.  Whilst  Captain  Butler  was  crossing  one 
shoulder  of  the  mountain,  a  mob  of  angry  peasants  had 
skirted  the  other  brow  from  Cahirdaniel.  They  fell  on  the 
officer,  routed  his  men,  and  beat  him  to  within  an  inch  of  his 
life.  Old  Mr.  Butler  told  me  that  his  grandmother  saw  the 
crowd,  and  ran  out  for  help.  Though  expecting  a  baby  in  a 
few  days,  she  crossed  the  river  the  first,  leaping  from  stepping- 
stone  to  stone,  and  found  her  husband  living,  but  uncon- 
scious. In  a  few  weeks  Captain  Butler  was  well  again,  and 
the  father  of  a  fine  boy — old  Mr.  Butler's  father. 

Now  the  papers  at  Darrynane  take  up  the  story.  I  only 
quote  a  few  letters. 

Mr.  Owen  McCrohan  writes  to  Morgan  O'Connell,  on 
December  1,  1782,  a  most  graphic  letter,  but  too  long  to 
copy  in  full.  He  relates  how  he  has  been  at  Waterville 
(Currane  it  was  called  then),  and  had  called  on  Mr.  Butler, 
this  interchange  of  civilities  among  opposite  parties  seeming 
the  most  natural  thing  in  the  world   in  eighteenth-century 

VOL.  I.  X 


306       Tlie  Last  Colonel  of  the  Irish  Brigade. 

Kerry.  Mr.  Butler,  "in  great  confidence,"  produced  a 
warrant  from  Lord  Chief  Justice  Annaly  to  arrest  Morgan, 
Maurice,  and  their  cousin  Daniel  O'Connell,  of  Tarmons,  as 
having  instigated  the  late  barbarous  attack,  and  an  informer 
also  stated  that  Daniel  had  offered  ^£100  reward  for  the 
murder  of  Butler.  In  return  for  this  secret  information, 
Mr.  Butler  requested  a  solemn  pledge  that  no  direct  or 
indirect  attempts  should  be  made  on  his  life  or  liberty.  "A 
matter,"  observes  Mr.McCrohan,  "I  hope  you'll  readily  comply 
with,  its  being  in  y®  smallest  degree  no  reflection  on  either  of 
you,  in  my  humble  opinion,  particularly  as  I  am  well  con- 
vinced you  never  had  the  least  intention  in  aiding  or  abetting 
in  the  murder  of  any  one  ;  and  God  forbid  ye  should  !  " 

The  circumstances  which  could  give  colour  to  a  charge 
against  the  kinsmen  were  the  facts  of  the  mob  being  com- 
posed of  Hunting  Cap's  tenants.  The  outrage,  however, 
was  simply  a  piece  of  personal  vindictiveness  on  the  part  of 
the  peasantry,  who,  like  their  betters,  found  the  smuggling 
very  profitable.  If  the  accused  had  to  go  to  Dublin,  however, 
a  strange  jury  might  very  possibly  hang  them  on  the  testi- 
mony of  informers. 

All  the  letters  and  copies  are  at  Darrynane.  I  copied 
the  next  one  from  Hunting  Cap's  own  rough  draft.  It  is 
to  a  very  elegant,  polished,  and  amiable  man,  Counsellor 
Dominic  Trant,  M.P.,  an  ancestor  of  the  Dovea  family.^  The 
Trants  were  originally  a  Dingle  family,  and  related  to 
relations  of  the  O'Connells.  Dominic  Trant  was  an  ancestor 
of  my  friend  Mr.  Armstrong,  of  Mealiffe,  County  Tipperary, 
and  Judge  Henn,  who  behaved  exceedingly  well  to  the  Kerry 
men,  was  the  ancestor  of  my  friend  Kecorder  Henn,  whose  beau- 
tiful place.  Paradise,  is  near  my  husband's  Clare  property. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Trant,  of  Dovea,  kindly  supplied  me  with 
the  following  information  concerning  Dominic  Trant. 

Dominic  Trant,  Q.C.,  of  Dunkettle,  County  Cork,  and 
Merrion  Street,  Dublin,  was  the  second  son  of  Dominic  Trant 
the  elder,  of  Dingle,  who  died  in  1759,  having  married  a  Miss 
McCarthy,  of  the  County  Cork.  Dominic  Trant,  the  King's 
Counsel,  married,  first  the  widow  of  Judge  Blennerhasset, 
1  See  Note  D,  p.  325. 


Colonel  aConncU.  307 

nee  Eice,  by  whom  he  had  no  issue  ;  and,  secondly,  EHnor 
FitzGibbon,  sister  of  the  future  Chancellor  Lord  Clare,  by 
whom  he  had  two  sons,  John  and  William,  and  one  daughter, 
Maria,  married  to  Lord  Dunally.  Mr.  Trant  says  his 
ancestor  was  never  a  Member  of  Parliament,  but  the  con- 
temporary letters  state  that  he  was  Member  for  Dingle.  Mrs. 
Trant  informs  me  that  they  possess  a  copy  of  a  pamphlet 
in  favour  of  the  Catholic  claims  and  a  general  increase 
of  freedom,  which  caused  such  a  commotion  among  the 
Protestant  interest  in  Munster,  that  he  had  to  fight  a  duel  in 
consequence,  in  which  he  killed  his  adversary,  the  Sir  George 
Colthurst  of  those  days.  Boss  O'Connell  has  given  me  a 
good  deal  of  information  about  Catholic  Trants,  which  will  be 
found  in  the  note  on  Count  Bartholomew  O'Mahony,^  whose 
mother  was  of  that  branch  of  the  family.  Mr.  Trant,  of 
Dovea,  concludes  by  stating,  "  Dominic  had  an  elder  brother 
James,  who  for  some  reason  was  disinherited.  He  married, 
and  left  five  or  six  daughters.  Dominic  Trant  the  elder  had 
become  a  Protestant,  and  James  went  back  again  to  the 
Eoman  Catholic  Church  with  his  family. 

"  Dominic  Trant,  the  King's  Counsel,  died  in  1790,  and  is 
buried  at  Cahir,  in  the  County  Tipperary.  His  portrait  is  at 
Dovea." 

I  give  Hunting  Cap's  letter,  with  all  its  violent  abuse  of 
Mr.  Butler,  which  is  not  to  be  wondered  at  under  the  circum- 
stances. He  even  overlooks  Mr.  Butler's  friendly  warning 
in  his  indignation  at  being  suspected  of  a  share  in  so  very 
silly,  vulgar,  and  unprofitable  a  crime.  Dominic  Trant's 
last  letter  shows  that  Mr.  Whitwell  Butler  had  been  gulled 
by  a  rural  "  Pigott "  in  the  shape  of  one  Kelly,  a  professional 
informer,  and  that  he  acted  very  honourably  in  avowing  his 
error,  and  thus  aiding  in  the  triumphant  display  of  innocence 
on  the  part  of  the  three  kinsmen. 

Maurice  O'Connell  to  Counsellor  Dominic  Trant,  M.P. 

Darrinane,  S""  Dec',    1782. 

Dear  Sir, — I  beg  leave  to  communicate  a  most  Horrid 
and  Base  attack  that  has  been  made  on  my  brother  and  me 
and  Mr.  Daniel  Connell,  by  Mr.  Whitwell  Butler,  on  or  about 
1  See  Note  B,  p.  316. 


308       The  Last  Colonel  of  the  Irish  Brigade. 

the  Time  you  were  in  this  Country  [previous  October],  and 
which  we  only  discovered  Two  days  since,  thro'  Mr.  Owen 
McCrohan,  of  Portmagee,  to  whom  he  shewed  Lord  Annaly's 
warrant  against  us. 

The  warrant  sets  forth  that  we  are  charged  on  Information 
on  Oath  before  his  Lordship  with  being  the  persons  who 
raised  the  Mob  that  assembled  and  beat  Mr.  Butler  after 
making  a  seizure,  and  that  Daniel  Connell  has  att  different 
Times  offered  a  reward  of  £100  stg.  to  any  person  who  would 
assassinate  Mr.  Butler,  particularly  on  the  5*^"'  September 
last,  being  a  Club  Bay  att  Nadeen,  in  Glanarough,  where  he 
was  then ;  that  he  publickly  declared  he  would  pay  the  sum 
to  any  person  who  would  perpetrate  it ;  that  Daniel  Connell, 
my  Brother,  and  I  have  repeatedly  and  several  times  uttered 
words  to  the  same  effect,  particularly  about  a  year  and  a  half 
since  at  Killarney  Fair,  in  company  with  a  Mr.  Guthrie,  with 
several  other  charges  which  Mr.  McCrohan  does  not  recollect. 
At  the  same  time  that  I  can  not  express  my  horror  at  such  a 
deep  Infernal  train  of  Iniquity,  equally  calculated  to  stabb 
us  in  the  dark,  and  keep  up  his  own  weight  and  influence 
with  the  Commissioners,  I  shall  not  trespass  upon  your 
time  by  making  any  remarks  on  it.  All  I  shall  say  is  that, 
Conscious  of  our  Innocence  and  of  our  just  abhorence  of 
such  Barbarous,  Inhuman,  and  Unchristian  practices,  We  are 
ready  to  meet  these  abominable  charges  in  open  Day,  In  the 
fface  of  our  Country,  att  the  next  Assizes,  and  to  rise  or  fall 
by  the  Impartiall  Decision  of  the  Laws  of  Our  Country ;  but 
as  to  resorting  to  my  Lord  Annaly  to  receive  these  infor- 
mations and  taking  out  his  Warrant,  which  I  apprehend  is 
not  Bailable,  is  a  Magnificent  proof  of  a  determined  Intention 
to  add  oppression  and  the  distressing  and  Loathsome  Con- 
finement of  Jail  to  accumulated  Falsehoods,  and  we  are 
ready  and  willing  to  enter  into  recognizances  with  sufficient 
Baill  for  our  appearance  at  the  next  Assizes.  I  hope  it  will 
be  thought  equally  just  and  reasonable  to  put  a  stop  to  all 
rigorous  and  severe  measures,  and  not  to  distinguish  our 
Case  by  a  mode  of  procedure  which,  however  it  may  be 
authorized  by  Law,  is  one  rarely  practised.  It  should  be 
Considered  that  the  most  upright  men  and  the  purest  and 
most  respectable  Characters  have  not  always  Escaped  the 
Invidious  and  designing  attacks  of  the  Tongue  of  Male- 
volence and  Slander,  and  I  have  heard  it  was  a  maxim,  and 
indeed  a  very  Wise  and  Just  one,  in  Law  that  Criminality 
was  not  to  be  affixed  till  after  the  Tryall. 

What  I  would  take  the  Liberty  to  request  from  you  is 
that  you  would  move  my  Lord  Annaly  and  prevail  with  him 


Colonel  aConnell  309 

to  admitt  us  to  Baill  in  the  County,  and  to  grant  a  Copy  of 
the  Informations,  etc.,  if  it  be  not  inconsistent  with  your 
other  arrangements,  and  that  you  would  be  our  Counsel  at 
the  next  Assizes. 

Mr.  Frank  Spotswood  will  waitt  on  you  with  this,  and 
attend  to  any  directions  you  shall  be  pleased  to  give  him. 

I  give  my  Honour  most  solemnly,  which  I  trust  you'll 
believe,  that  my  Brother  and  I  have  kept  as  clear  of  Mr. 
Butler  since,  either  in  Word  or  Deed,  as  we  have  of  my  Lord 
Temple,  as  has  Daniel  Connell  to  the  best  of  my  opinion  and 
Belieff,  and  you'll  see  we  shall  baffle  his  plotting  and  poisonous 
Machinations. 

I  am,  etc., 

M.  O'C. 

The  attorney,  Mr.  Spotswood,  retained  Counsellor  Trant, 
and  they  tried  to  get  Judges  Henn  and  Eobinson,  who  were 
to  go  to  Kerry  Assizes,  to  take  local  bail,  but  they  were 
unable  to  do  anything  without  Lord  Annaly.  The  Chief 
Justice  was  a  great  friend  of  Dominic  Trant' s  brother-in-law, 
FitzGibbon,  afterwards  the  notorious  Lord  Clare.  He  was 
down  at  Tenneleck,  on  a  visit  to  Lord  Annaly.  Judge  Henn, 
who  was  to  join  the  party,  conveyed  the  following  letter 
from  Dominic  Trant  to  FitzGibbon,  evidently  intended  for 
the  Lord  Chief  Justice's  perusal.  He  sends  a  copy  to 
Maurice  O'Connell,  whose  "uncommon  good  character"  he 
expatiates  on.  The  writer  and  recipients  of  this  epistle 
evidently  consider  the  steady  and  sustained  pursuit  of  whole- 
sale smuggling  as  not  the  least  drawback  to  the  primmest 
and  most  starched  respectability.  The  primmest,  grimmest, 
austerest  respectability  was  considered  evidently  to  be 
Hunting  Cap's  strong  point. 

Counsellor  Dominic  Trant,  M.P.,  to  Counsellor  John 
FitzGibbon. 

Stephen's  Green,  Dec'  31",  1782. 

Dear  FitzGibbon, — I  forgot  to  mention  to  you  yesterday 
a  circumstance  relative  to  a  particular  friend  of  mine  in 
Kerry,  a  Mr.  Maurice  Connell,  of  Darrinane.  A  Common 
man  of  the  name  of  Kelly  has  sworn  that  this  Mr.  Connell 
and  his  brother  Morgan  Connell,  and  a  cousin,  Mr.  Daniel 
Connell,  threatened  the  life  of  Mr.  Whitwell  Butler,  a  com- 
mander of  revenue  Cruizer,  and   had   instigated   a   Mob  to 


310       Tlie  Last  Colonel  of  the  Irish  Brigade. 

waylay  and  beat  him.  Application  was  accordingly  made  to 
Lord  Annaly  some  time  last  September  for  the  purpose  of 
apprehending  these  three  gentlemen,  who  got  notice  of  the 
circumstance  only  a  few  days  since.  I  enclose  you  Mr. 
Connell's  letter  to  me,  which  will  give  you  fuller  information. 

I  applied  in  vain  to  the  Justices  Eobinson  and  Henn  for 
an  order  to  take  Bail  to  any  amount,  and  before  any 
Magistrate  in  Kerry  whom  they  should  appoint.  As  this  is  a 
sort  of  Ee venue  Prosecution,  and  the  agent  Employed  is  the 
Sollicitor  to  the  Commissioners,  I  proposed  such  Bail  as  to 
the  Board  thro'  their  Secretary  and  Agent. 

The  Justices  Eobinson  and  Henn  thought  they  could  not 
meddle  with  the  Lord  Chief  Justice's  warrant,  so  that  unless 
Lord  Annaly  himself  (who  had  unfortunately  the  day  before 
left  town)  should  make  such  an  Order  it  must  lie  over  until 
next  Term,  and  these  gentlemen  must  either  be  out  on  their 
keeping  like  Tories  or  White  Boys,  or,  if  taken,  lie  in  the 
worst  Jail  in  Europe,  that  of  Tralee,  among  Felons  and  other 
Malefactors.  This  seems  rather  severe  in  the  case  of  three 
gentlemen  of  reputation  and  Consequence  in  that  Country 
(two  of  whom  I  know  particularly  to  be  men  of  Character 
and  Considerable  property),  who  are  able  and  willing  to  give 
any  Bail  which  may  be  required. 

The  Collector  of  Tralee  (Mr.  Blennerhassett)  is  a  Magis- 
trate of  Kerry,  and,  if  such  order  as  I  mention  can  be  made, 
would  be  a  proper  person  to  take  their  Bail,  such  as  might 
satisfie  the  Commissioners  in  the  fullest  manner. 

If  Lord  Annaly  should  express  any  wish  to  see  a  Copy  of 
the  Warrant,  it  lies  in  the  hands  of  Mr.  Eichard  Waller,  of  St. 
Andrew's  Street,  the  under  Sollicitor  to  the  Commissioners. 

Mr.  Francis  Spotswood  (No.  5,  College  Street)  is  the 
Attorney  for  the  Mr.  Councils,  who  would  readily  go  down  to 
Teneleek  if  you  should  write  to  him  a  line  which  might  induce 
him  to  Expect  success  on  this  application  to  Lord  Annaly. 

These  three  Gentlemen  live  in  different  parts  of  the 
Barony  of  Iveragh,  in  Kerry,  the  nearest  part  of  which  is 
full  160  miles  from  Dublin — very  bad  roads,  no  Carriages  to 
be  had,  and  in  this  time  of  the  year  a  Journey  on  Horseback 
seems  rather  dangerous  to  persons  much  beyond  the  middle 
point  of  Life.  Two  of  them  have  very  large  families.  If 
forced  to  come  to  Dublin,  they  must  bring  Bail  with  them  at 
a  very  great  expence — perhaps  that  Bail  may  be  thought 
insufiicient,  or  the  same  Bail  may  not  be  taken  for  the  three 
persons  accused — in  either  case  there  can  be  here  no  altera- 
tion, and  the  delay  of  sending  again  to  Kerry  for  other  Bail, 
who  may  be  objected  to,  would  certainly  be  attended  with 
hardship  and  heavy  expence. 


Colonel  aConnell.  311 

On  the  whole,  try  if  anything  can  be  done  in  this  Case 
before  Term  ;  if  not,  you  will  be  applied  to  to  move  the  King's 
Bench  for  an  Order  of  Bail  in  the  Country.  My  apprehen- 
sion is  that  the  Warrant  may  be  executed  in  the  interval,  and 
these  three  gentlemen  thereby  put  to  very  great  distress  and 
inconvenience. 

Besides  that  these  gentlemen  are  my  Clients,  I  have  long 
known  the  two  Brothers  Maurice  and  Morgan  [the  Liberator's 
father],  who  are  both  esteemed  men  of  probity  and  honour, 
Maurice  is  a  man  of  singular  good  character.  Daniel  I  do 
not  know  well.  They  are  men  of  a  very  ancient  Eoman 
Catholic  family,  which  has  preserved  a  remnant  of  its  former 
property  thro'  all  the  Kevolutions  of  this  Kingdom.  Maurice 
is  possessed  ,of  very  considerable  personal  property.  There 
can't  be  the  slightest  cause  for  supposing  that  such  men 
would  fly  from  their  Country  and  decline  a  publick  tryal, 
which  the  Law  requires  on  such  occasions. 

Write  a  line  to  Spottswoode  as  soon  as  possible,  to  inform 
him  if  anything  can  be  done  by  his  going  to  Teneleek.  If 
not,  that  he  may  be  prepared  for  his  application  next  Term. 
All  here  well.     I  am  better  every  day. 

Ever  yours, 

DoM.  Trant. 

Judge  Henn,  who  sets  out  for  Teneleek  in  the  morning, 
will  deliver  this  Epistle  to  you,  will  mention  the  point  to 
Lord  Annaly,  and  save  you  the  trouble  of  first  breaking  it. 

Lord  Annaly  granted  the  request,  the  three  kinsmen 
appeared  at  their  own  assizes,  and  the  grand  jury  threw  out 
the  bills,  so  that  they  returned  without  the  smallest  slur  on 
their  characters.  Dominic  Trant  had  evidently  been  away, 
judging  from  his  letter. 

Thurles,  May  28,  1783. 
My  Dear  Sir, — On  my  arrival  from  England,  a  few  days 
since,  in  Dublin,  I  heard  with  great  pleasure  from  Mr. 
Francis  Spotswood  that  you  had  completely  triumphed  over 
the  very  ungenerous  attempt  made  to  distress  you,  your 
Brother,  and  your  Kinsman,  and  that  the  gentleman  who  had 
been  imposed  upon  by  the  artifices  of  a  very  paltry  and  con- 
temptible and  lying  Informer,  became  in  time  sensible  of  his 
error,  and  made  the  proper  acknowledgements  of  his  mistake. 
I  was  much  mortified  that  my  business  detained  me  in 
England  when  I  imagined ^you  might  have  had  some  trial 
on  this  business  at  the  last  Assizes  of  Tralee.  Tho'  I  was 
very  sensible  that  other  Law  Friends  would  have  assisted 


312       TJie  Last  Colonel  of  the  Irish  Brigade. 

you  more  ably  than  I  could,  had  it  been  in  my  power  to  do 
so,  yet  I  am  well  assured  that  none  would  have  exerted  him- 
self with  more  zeal  or  friendship  in  any  case  in  which  you 
were  concerned.  That,  however,  is  now  passed,  and  in  a 
manner  much  to  your  honour,  in  the  full  face  of  your  County, 
and  very  much  to  my  satisfaction. 

It  will  induce  gentlemen  to  be  cautious  for  the  future  how 
they  give  credence  to  the  lies  and  misrepresentations  of  such 
low  fellows  as  that  Kelly,  which  I  believe  was  the  name  ox 
the  author  of  that  calumny. 

I  formerly  mentioned  to  you  somewhat  of  the  survey  of 
the  County  of  Kerry,  undertaken  by  Mr.  Henry  Pelham.  He 
has  now  begun  this  undertaking,  and  in  his  progress  will  call 
upon  you  for  such  advice  and  Assistance  as  you  shall  be 
pleased  to  give  him.  I  believe  I  have  some  time  since  given 
him  a  Letter  to  introduce  him  to  your  notice.  He  is  a  very 
fair  and  well-conducted  man,  who  will  neither  disgrace  my 
recommendation  nor  any  politeness  and  kindness  you  may 
be  pleased  to  show  him  on  my  account. 

My  Brother-in-Law,  Mr.  FitzGibbon,  has  declared  him- 
self a  Candidate  for  the  County  of  Limerick  at  the  next 
General  Election.  May  I  request  that  you  will  be  kind 
enough  to  exert  yourself  for  him,  as  I  flatter  myself  you 
would  for  me  on  a  similar  occasion  ?  I  am  anxiously 
solicitous  for  his  success,  not  more  from  the  bond  of  my 
connection  with  him,  than  from  the  incitement  of  a  very 
strong  personal  friendship  which  I  have  had  for  him  long 
before  that  connection  subsisted. 

May  I  request  that  you  will  be  so  good  as  to  present  my 
most  sincere  compliments  to  the  good  Ladies  of  your  family, 
and  to  assure  them  that  I  do  not  forget  their  very  kind 
attention  to  me  during  those  two  very  agreable  days  I  had 
the  pleasure  of  spending  last  October  at  Darrinane '?  If  I 
were  permitted  by  the  troublesome  business  of  this  World, 
I  would  scale  Mountains  much  more  rugged  than  those  of 
Dunkerron  to  repeat  so  pleasing  a  visit. 

The    New   Lord   Lieutenant    is    expected   in   Dublin   on 
Monday  next,  the  2"''  of  June.      I  intend  to  be  one  of  his 
Leveers  on  that  day,  and  hope  to  have  the  pleasure  of  a  line 
from  you  with  an  account  of  the  health  of  all  the  family. 
Ever,  my  dear  Sir,  Most  Faithfully  yrs., 

DoM.  Trant. 

Mr.  Lecky  (p.  377),  in  the  fourth  volume  of  his  "History 
of  England  in  the  Eighteenth  Century,"  mentions  the  curious 
fact  of  FitzGibbon's  being  in  favour  of  liberal  measures  from 


Colonel  O'Connell.  313 

1780  to  1783,  so  that,  in  asking  the  support  of  Catholic 
friends,  Dominic  Trant  was  not  asking  anything  against 
their  principles. 

After  mentioning  that,  on  the  promotion  of  Yelverton  to 
the  Bench  in  1783,  FitzGibbon  became  attorney-general, 
Mr.  Lecky  says — 

"  This  remarkable  man,  who  for  the  last  sixteen  years  of 
the  century  exercised  a  dominant  influence  in  the  Irish 
Government,  and  who,  as  Lord  Clare,  was  the  ablest  and  at 
the  same  time  the  most  detested  advocate  of  the  Union,  had 
in  1780  opposed  the  Declaration  of  Eights  moved  by  Grattan 
in  the  House  of  Commons,  and  supported  the  policy  of 
Grattan  in  1782,  and  had  used  strong  language  in  censuring 
some  parts  of  the  legislative  authority  which  Great  Britain 
exercised  over  Ireland.  It  is  very  questionable  whether  he 
ever  really  approved  of  the  repeal  of  Poyning's  Law,  and  his 
evident  leaning  towards  authority  made  him  distrusted  by 
several  leaders  of  the  popular  party ;  but  Grattan  does  not 
appear  to  have  shared  the  feeling,  and  when  he  was  consulted 
on  the  subject  by  Lord  Northington,  he  gave  his  full  sanction 
to  the  promotion  of  FitzGibbon." 

Mr.  Lecky  states  there  was  no  breach  between  them 
until  1785. 


314       The  Last  Colonel  of  the  Irish  Brigade. 


NOTES  TO  BOOK  IV. 

Note  A. 

A  Few  Brief  Extracts  from  the  Diary  of  Alexander 
Boss,  who  commanded  the  English  Ordnance  during 
the  Siege  of  Gibraltar. 

The  diary  begins  June  21,  1779,  "  all  communications 
with  Spain  cut  off,"  and  ends  September  13,  1782.  It  is  in 
the  possession  of  Alexander  Boss's  grandson,  the  Bev.  Bobert 
Poole  Hooper,  of  Brighton. 

''Aug.  29,  1780. — The  guard-boat  with  five  men  deserted 
and  took  the  midshipman  with  them. 

"  Sept.  23. — The  midshipman  sent  in  that  was  forced  off 
by  the  guard-boat's  crew  the  29th  ult°. 

"April  13,  1781. — The  town  much  destroyed.  The  works 
are  as  yet  but  little  injured.  A  wine-house  set  on  fire  in  the 
green  market,  where  a  great  quantity  of  spirits  was.  The  fire- 
ingines  were  got,  but  the  people  got  so  drunk  with  the  wine 
and  spirits  that  they  brought  out  the  liquor  in  the  leather 
buckets,  and  poured  it  into  the  ingine  instead  of  water,  which 
greatly  increased  the  flames  and  burnt  a  house  at  the 
opposite  corner  of  the  street.  The  soldiers  plunder  the  store- 
houses of  liquor,  and  are  in  such  a  condition  that  numbers  of 
them  that  are  getting  ready  for  guard  can  hardly  stand. 

"  Oct.  6,  1781. — 1343  shot  and  shells  fired  by  the  enemy 
this  day. 

''Dec.  31,  1781. — The  Enemy  have  fired  against  this 
garrison  from  their  batteries  on  the  Isthmus,  since  the  12th 
of  April  last  141,220  shot  and  shells;  from  their  gun  and 
mortar-boats  5510. 

"April  12,  1782. — Since  this  day  twelve  months  there  has 
not  been  an  intermission  of  24  hours  in  the  enemy's  fire. 

"June  4,  1782.— King's  Birthday.  We  saluted  with  44 
shot  into  the  Enemy's  advance  works. 

"Aug.  8, 1782. — The  shot,  shells,  and  military  stores  of  all 
kinds  in  the  Enemy's  camp  is  inconceivable. 


Notes  to  Book  IV.  315 

'.'Aug.  9. — The  enemy  are  lining  the  ports  of  their  floating 
batteries  with  tin. 

''Aug.  15. — The  Due  de  Crillon  with  his  suite  in  the 
advance  works. 

"  Aug.  19. — A  flag  of  truce  from  the  enemy,  with  a  present 
of  game  and  fruit.  By  this  we  learnt  that  the  Count  d'Artois 
and  the  Duke  de  Bourbon  were  in  the  Spanish  camp. 

"  Sept.  12,  1782. — This  morning  arrived  in  the  bay  the 
combined  fleets  of  France  and  Spain,  being  38  sail  of  the  line, 
which  with  nine  before,  and  a  large  ship  of  one  Deck  with  an 
admiral's  Flag  amounts  to  48  sail,  among  which  seven  ships 
of  three  decks.  Besides  this  force  there  is  ready  for  the 
attack  of  this  place  10  large  fortified  ships  as  floating  batteries, 
three  bomb-ketches^  and  mortar-boats,  with  about  16  gun- 
boats, as  also  about  300  boats  of  different  constructions. 

"  Sept.  13,  1782. — This  morning  about  seven  o'clock  the 
enemy's  10  fortified  ships  or  floating  batteries  began  to  get 
under  way,  and  about  ten  o'clock  the  headmost  ship  or  two- 
decker  came  to  an  anchor  a  little  to  the  south  of  the  King's 
Bastion,  and  within  less  than  1000  y''*  of  our  walls.  The  others 
soon  came  into  their  stations  with  a  fine  north-west  breeze, 
the  10  between  the  south-west  of  Columbines  and  the  Montagu 
Bastion,  and  immediately  commenced  an  exceeding  warm  fire 
from  about  144  pieces  of  cannon  mostly  26  p'''\  besides 
a  bomb-ketch,  which  was  returned  by  us  from  all  batteries 
that  c^'^  be  brought  to  bear  upon  them  with  mortars,  Howitzers, 
and  guns,  chiefly  with  red-hot  shot,  in  all  about  90  Pieces  of 
Artillery.  At  the  same  time,  the  enemy  kept  up  a  heavy 
Enfilading  fire  from  their  Batteries  on  the  Isthmus  with  109 
cannon  and  Howitzers,  and  about  80  mortars.  This  violent 
and  conjunct  fire  of  artillery  was  kept  up  without  intermis- 
sion from  about  ten  in  the  morning  until  five  in  the  aft",  at 
which  time  the  Enemy's  Floating  Batteries  began  to  slacken 
much  in  their  fire,  and  the  headmost  ship  hoisted  a  signal  of 
distress,  on  which  a  Cutter,  sailing  in  the  Bay,  came  near 
and  sent  her  boat  on  board.  Early  in  the  afternoon  some  of 
them  were  observed  to  smoke  in  several  places,  and  the  men 
were  observed  to  be  pouring  in  water  from  several  ingines 
into  the  holes  made  by  the  red-hot  shot.  From  about  nine 
at  night  a  g^  noise  was  made  on  board  their  ships,  which 
we  conjectured  was  towing  them  off,  but  by  twelve  o'clock  the 
fire  was  plainly  to  be  distinguished  on  board  the  southernmost 
ship,  and  soon  after  on  board  the  Admiral ;  great  numbers  of 
Bockets  were  thrown  up  by  these  two  ships,   as  also  from 

1  "A  kind  of  a  ship  strongly  built  to  bear  the  shock  of  a  mortar" 
(Johnson). 


316       The  Last  Colonel  of  the  Irish  Brigade. 

several  of  the  others,  which  were  answered  by  guns  and  lights 
on  board  several  of  the  ships  of  the  combined  Fleet  in  the 
Bay.  Before  two  o'clock  we  c'""  observe  two  ships  to  flame  out, 
soon  after  another ;  by  the  flames  we  could  perceive  numbers 
of  boats  passing,  and  between  three  and  four  in  the  morning 
our  twelve  gun-boats  went  out  from  the  New  Mole,  and  took 
two  large  launches  full  of  seamen  and  soldiers  who  were 
leaving  the  vessels,  some  of  which  were  now  in  different  stages 
of  burning,  and  from  which  Brigad.  Curtis,  with  the  greatest 
bravery  and  humanity,  rescued  above  350  persons  from  the 
flames,  among  whom  were  eight  officers  and  three  priests. 
In  which  humane  action,  by  the  blowing-up  of  two  other  ships, 
he  was  in  the  most  imminent  danger  of  perishing.  .  ,  .  Nine 
of  these  batteries  {i.e.  floating  batteries)  were  burnt  by  our 
red-hot  shot  and  shells,  and  the  tenth,  a  single-decker,  was 
burnt  by  us  in  the  afternoon  of  the  following  day,  being  then 
on  shore  and  unable,  as  the  navy  reported,  of  being  got  off. 
About  midday  the  Enemy  loosened  their  topsails,  and  about 
three  o'clock  4000  men  marched  into  the  lines  fully  accoutred." 
Here  the  volume  of  the  diary  in  Mr.  Hooper's  possession 
concludes.  The  writer,  Alexander  Boss,  born  in  Holland,  1748, 
died  at  Gibraltar,  1804,  was  my  great-granduncle  (see  note 
"O'Conor"  in  notes  to  "Descendants  of  Daniel  O'Connell, 
of  Darrynane,"  end  of  vol.  ii.) — [B.  O'C] 

Note  B. 

Baktholomew  Count  O'Mahony,  sometime  Knight  of 
Malta,  1749-1819. 

[Bartholomew,  Knight  of  Malta,  Count,  born  January  3, 
1749;  captain  in  "Berwick's,"  January  23,  1771;  second 
colonel  in  "  Walsh's,"  1778  ;  Mestre  de  Camp  en  second  in 
"Berwick's,"  January  1,1784;  second  colonel  from  October 
21,  1781,  to  1791;  Knight  of  St.  Louis,  August  19,  1781; 
lieut. -general.  Commander  Order  of  St.  Louis,  August  23, 
1814;  died  1819. — From  M.  de  la  x  nce's  manuscript 
relating  to  the  Irish  Brigade,  E.I. A.,  Dublin.] 

Boss  O'Connell  has  abridged  the  following  details  from 
Dromore  papers. 

He  married  Marie  Louise,  daughter  of  Louis,  Marquis  de 
Goury.  Only  son,  Marie  Ives  Arsein,  Chevalier  de  Malte, 
died  1795. 

A  manuscript  pedigree  of  Count  Bartholomew  is  in  the 
possession  of  Mr.  Mahony,  of  Dromore.  It  is  drawn  up  by 
Andrew  Young,  "Notary  Publick,"  on  a  huge  sheet  of  parch- 
ment, is  exceedingly  diffuse,  and  is  thus  authenticated — 


Notes  to  Booh  IV.  317 

"  We,  the  several  lords  and  gentlemen  whose  names  are 
hereunto  subscribed,  do  certify  that  the  above  pedigree  is 
true.  Dated  this  25th  day  of  August,  1763."  Then  follow 
the  signatures  of,  on  one  side,  thirteen  "original  Irish," 
including  "O'Donnoghue  ofGlinn;  Mcfinnin  ;  and  O'Dono- 
ghue  More ; "  and,  on  the  other,  ten  settlers,  including 
"  Sam'  Morris,  Sheriff;  Branden  ;  ^  Maurice  Fitzgerald,  Kn\ 
Kerry  ;  and  Ar.  Denny,   Provost  Traly." 

Bartholomew,  who  was  born  in  1749,  must  have  taken 
this  precious  document  with  him  when  he  left  Kerry  to  seek 
and  find  a  foreign  fortune.  It  gives,  with  the  marked  absence 
of  dates  so  characteristic  of  Irish  pedigrees,  a  vast  catalogue 
of  great-grandmothers  and  great-great-great-grandmothers. 
If  it  had  been  necessary  for  Bartholomew,  when  he  sought 
the  honour  of  Maltese  knighthood,  to  prove  thirty-two  instead 
of  eight  "  quartiers  "  of  gentility,  he  could  easily  have  exhumed 
them  from  the  now  mouldering  parchment  that  was  once 
doubtless  one  of  his  most  treasured  possessions.  The  pedi- 
gree in  the  male  line  is,  when  one  takes  its  nationality  into 
consideration,  unusually  modest  and  unassuming,  contenting 
itself  with  "  Core,  King  of  Munster  in  the  year  of  our  Lord 
370,"  as  starting-point. 

The  common  ancestor  of  all  the  Kerry  Mahonys  was 
Dermod  O'Mahony  Mor,  Lord  of  Kinalmeaky,  circa  1300  ; 
his  third  son,  Dermod,  settled  in  Desmond  in  1335,  and, 
according  to  Sir  William  Betham,  Ulster,  had  issue,  John, 
who  married  Sheela,  daughter  of  Aodh  O'Connell,  chief  of 
his  name,  and  was  great-grandfather  of  Teigue  O'Mahony, 
Seneschal  of  Desmond,  called  "  Teigue  the  Wanton,"  who 
signed  a  treaty  with  Lord  Deputy  Gray  in  1536,  and,  marry- 
ing Honora,  daughter  of  Dermod  O'Sullivan  Beare,  by  Elinor, 
daughter  of  Gerald,  Earl  of  Kildare,  was  grandfather  of 
Finghin,  alias  Florence,  Seneschal  of  Desmond  in  1568,  who 
married  Bridget,  daughter  of  Jeffray  O'Doiioghue  Mor,  of 
Boss.  Their  eldest  son,  Dermod,  was  High  Sheriff  of  Kerry 
in  1639 — Betham,  with  a  glorious  disregard  for  the  possible, 
says  in  1667,  Dermod  having  died  before  1652  !  Dermod's 
great-grandson,  Teigue  (whom  Sir  William  erroneously  calls 
Thady,  and  equally  erroneously  kills  at  Aughrim)  of  Kilderry, 
County  Kerry,  married  Elinor,  daughter  of  Florence  Mahony, 
of  Kilbonane,  County  Kerry,  "  by  his  wife,  Margery,  daughter 
of  Jeffray  O'Connell,  heir  of  Ballinavlaun,  in  said  county  " 
(manuscript  of  1763),  and  had  an  eldest  son,  Owen,  who 
settled  at  Knockavola,  in  Kerry,  and,  marrying  Elinor, 
daughter  of  Thomas  FitzMaurice,  of  Cosfeal  (erroneously 
called  Hon.  Thos.  F.-M.  by  Betham),  had  two  sons.  The 
^  Crosbie,  Lord  Brandon  or  Branden,  extinct  1816. 


318        The  Last  Colonel  of  the  Irish  Brigade. 

younger,  Bartholomew,  was  in  1763  an  M.D.  in  Paris ;  the 
elder  remained  in  Kerry,  and  married  Helen,  daughter  of 
Francis  Holies,  of  Knockanagulsey,  in  Kerry,  by  his  wife, 
Ann,  daughter  of  Walter  Fitzgerald,  of  Nurney,  in  Leinster  ; 
the  said  Ann,  through  her  mother,  Elizabeth,  daughter  of 
Sir  John  Crosbie,  Bart.,  was  great-great-granddaughter  of  Sir 
Nicholas  Browne,  Knight,  of  Kosse,  and  Sheela,  daughter  of 
Sir  Owen  0' Sullivan,  fourteenth  Lord  of  Beare.  Francis 
Holies  was  the  great-grandson  of  John  Holies,  who  came 
from  England  in  the  reign  of  Elizabeth,  and  married  Mar- 
garet, daughter  of  John  and  niece  of  Sir  Edward  Herbert. 

Michael  Mahony  and  Helen  Holies  had  issue,  two  sons — 
Owen,  who  married  a  De  Courcy  and  seems  to  have  died  s.j)., 
and  Bartholomew,  Count  O'Mahony. — [R.  O'C] 

Count  O'Mahony's  grandmother  was  of  the  old  Catholic 
branch  of  the  Trants,  whose  interesting  pedigree  I  subjoin, 
followed  by  a  note  about  the  FitzMaurice  family. 

Count  Bartholomew  O'Mahony  had  to  give  up  his 
benefice  as  a  Knight  of  Malta  on  his  marriage,  but  it  seems 
to  have  been  granted  to  his  young  son,  who  died  in  1795. 
Eev.  Francis  Mahony^  states  that  £8000  (the  endowment) 
was  lodged  in  London  in  1795,  it  is  presumed  by  Count 
O'Mahony,  and  recovered  for  the  Order  by  Father  F.  Mahony 
in  1847. 

FitzMaurice  of  Cosfeal,  alias  Duagh-na-feily,  now  called 

DUAGH,    NEAR    LiSTOWEL,    CoUNTY   KeRRY. 

Dr.  Eobert  FitzMaurice,  of  Tralee,  younger  son  of  the 
late  Maurice  FitzMaurice  of  Duagh,  lent  me  a  somewhat 
fragmentary  pedigree,  of  FitzMaurice  of  Duagh,  or  Cosfeal. 

Dermod  McCarthy  Mor,  King  of  Cork  and  Desmond, 
granted,  in  1178,  a  large  tract  of  land  in  North  Kerry,  in- 
cluding Cosfeal,  to  Eaymond  le  Gros,  as  a  reward  for  his 
services  against  the  king's  rebel  son  Cormac.  These  lands 
descended  to  Raymond's  great-great-great-grandson  John, 
fifth  Lord  Kerry,  living  in  1339,  who  gave  them  to  his  second 
son  Garrett.  They  passed  from  father  to  son  until  forfeited  by 
Edmund  McJames  FitzMaurice  in  the  reign  of  Elizabeth. 
Duagh  alone  was  retained ;  it  was  forfeited  by  James  Fitz- 
Ulick  FitzMaurice  in  1688,  but  was  restored  to  his  grandson 
Garrett,  a  minor,  called  Grodemore,  who  died  1739 ;  from 
which  time  it  passed  from  father  to  son  until  the  death  of 
Oliver  FitzMaurice,  of  Duagh,  in  1859,  when  it  became  the 
property  of  his  two  daughters,  having  descended  in  the  male 
line  for  over  680  years — a  circumstance  rare  in  any  country, 
but  almost  without  parallel  in  Ireland. 

^  Better  known  under  his  nom  dephime  of  "  Father  Prout.' 


Notes  to  Book  IV. 


319 


Garrett,  called  Grodemore,  was  the  eldest  son  of  Thomas 
FitzMaurice  (eldest  son  of  James  of  Cosfeal),  oh.  v.p.  before 
1688,  and  Catherine  (called  Anne  in  "  Book  of  Claims")  Trant. 
Their  daughter  Elinor  married  Oliver  Mahony,  of  Knockavola, 
as  already  stated. 

"  Certain  many-centuried  oaks  overhang  the  river  Feal 
at  Buagh ;  preserved  by  superstition,  for  they  are  the 
dwelling-place  of  countless  fairies,  who  resent  interference, 
and  punish  with  festering  sores  or  deadly  disease  the  wretched 
mortal  who  tampers  with  their  house  beautiful." — Tralee 
Chronicle,  August  9,  1861. 

The  descent  of  FitziMaurice  of  Duagh  from  Edward  III. 
is  given  by  Foster  in  "Our  Noble  and  Gentle  Families  of 
Eoyal  Descent,"  p.  647. 

FitzMaurice  of  Duagh  bears  arg.,  saltier  gu.  a  chief  erm., 
never  having  differenced  the  arms  of  its  chief,  Lord  Kerry, 
now  Marquess  of  Lansdowne. — [R.  O'C.J 

Dominic  Trant,  of  Fenitt,  co.  Kerry,  sent  to  Spain,  1583,  by  16th  Earl  of  Desmond, 
to  seek  arms,  etc,  =  Honoru,  daughter  of  James  Fitzgerald,  of 
I        Ballymacadam,  Kerry. 

Garrett  =  Margaret,  daughter  of  Thomas  Trant, 


of  Fenitt. 


of    Cahirtrant, 
Dingle,  1613. 


Kerry,    M.P.    for 


Edmond  =  Barbara,  daughter  of  Rowland  Rice,  of 
of  Fenitt.    I        Ballingolin,  Kerry. 


Twenty-three  other  sons, 
four  of  whom  were 
colonels  in  Spain. 
From  one  of  these 
twenty-three  descended 
Sir  Patrick  Trant, 
Bart.,  who  went  to 
France  with  James  II., 
and  had_ 


Edward  =  Ellen,     daughter     of    Richard 
of  Fenitt.  Trant,  of  Glensherune,  Kerry, 

by  his  wife  Catherine,  daugh- 
ter of  Timothy  O'Connor,  of 
Tarighe  (?),  Kerry,  who  was 
of  the  O'Connor  Kerrys,  and 
his  mother  was  daughter  of 
Corn.  O'Sullivan,  2nd  son  to 
O'Sullivan  Beare. 


I  I  I  I 

Sir  John     James,   daughter,  daughter, 


murdered    colonel, 
in         killed  at 
London      siege  of 
I  Cork. 

?  Richard. 


m. 
Lord 
Slane. 


m. 

Prince 

d'Au- 

vergne. 


Another  descendant  of  Edmond  of 
Fenitt,  David  Trant,  of  Killeen,  Kerry, 
was  father  of  Garrett,  Edward,  and 
David  Trant,  captains  in  James  II.'s 
army,  of  whom  Garrett  and  Edward 
were  killed  at  Aughrim,  Garrett  leaving 
an  only  child,  Margaret,  who  married 
Richard,  4th  Earl  of  Cavan,  oh.  1741. 


Catherine  =  Thomas  FitzMaurice, 
(?  Anne)  I      of  Cosfeal. 

Elinor  =  Owen  Mahony, 
I       Knockavola. 


Michael 

I 
Bartholomew, 
count, 
Chevalier  de 
Malte. 


Bartholomew 

O'Mahony, 

died  in  Paris. 


320        The  Last  Colonel  of  the  Irish  Brigade. 

The  above  is  taken  chiefly  from  the  manuscript  pedigree  of 
Count  O'Mahony.  Sir  Patrick  Trant  must  have  been  son  or 
grandson  of  Edmund  of  Fenitt.  Burke's  "Extinct  Baronetage  " 
says  he  was  created  a  baronet  in  1686,  and  that  letters  patent 
for  his  elevation  to  the  peerage  as  Lord  Maryboro'  were  being 
made  out  when  James  II.  fled.  Burke  ignores  Sir  Patrick's 
sons.  He  had  at  least  two,  A  j)late  in  Keatinge's  "  Ireland  " 
(1st  edit.,  1723)  is  dedicated  to  Sir  Laurence  Trant,  Bart. 
Trant  bears  per  pale  az.  and  gu.,  two  swords  in  saltire  ar., 
hilts  and  pomels  or,  between  three  (sometimes  four)  roses  of 
the  third.— [E.  O'C] 


Note  C. 

"  Le    Brave    O'Mahony:"    his   Descendants;    their    Poor 
Eelations  and  Successful  Kinsmen. 

Daniel,  "le  brave  O'Mahony,"  the  preserver  of  Cremona, 
was  given  by  Louis  XIV.  to  his  grandson  Philip  of  Spain,  in 
which  country  he  distinguished  himself  during  the  War  of 
Succession.  He  died  a  count  of  Spain,  general,  and  Com- 
mander of  St.  lago.  He  was  first  married  to  Cecilia  Weld, 
of  Lulworth,  and  secondly  to  Charlotte  Bulkeley,  widow  of 
the  fifth  Lord  Clare.  His  second  son,  Dermot,  or  Demetrio, 
was  a  lieut. -general.  Count  Commander  of  several  Orders, 
and  Ambassador  from  Spain  to  Austria,  where  he  died  in  1776, 
according  to  O'Callaghan,  from  whom  I  abridge  the  above 
statement  (pp.  204,  205).  However,  from  the  contemporary 
letters  I  infer  that  O'Callaghan  kills  him  a  little  too  soon. 
At  p.  602  he  quotes  an  old  London  periodical  ("  Annual 
Eegister  ")  of  March,  1766  :  "  On  the  17th  of  this  month,  his 
Excellency  Count  Mahony,  Ambassador  from  Spain  to  the 
Court  of  Vienna,  gave  a  grand  entertainment  in  honour  of 
St.  Patrick,  to  which  were  invited  all  persons  of  condition 
that  were  of  Irish  descent ;  being  himself  a  descendant  of 
an  illustrious  family  of  that  kingdom.  Among  many  others, 
were  present  Count  Lacy,  President  of  the  Council  of  War, 
the  Generals  O'Donnel,  McGuire,  O'lvelly,  Browne,  Plunket, 
and  McElligott,  four  Chiefs  of  the  Grand  Cross,  two  governors, 
several  knights  military,  and  six  staff  oflicers,  four  Privy 
Councillors,  with  the  principal  officers  of  State  ;  who,  to  show 
their  respect  to  the  Irish  nation,  wore  crosses  in  honour 
of  the  day,  as  did  the  entire  Court."  This  distinguished 
personage  undertook  to  find  out  the  Irish  next  of  kin  of 
a  relative  and  namesake,  Lieut. -Colonel  O'Mahony,  of  the 
Spanish  Service,  Knight  Commander  of  a  distinguished  Order. 


Notes  to  Book  IV.  321 

He  applied  to  Chev.  Bartholomew  O'Mahony  to  speak  to 
Irish  friends  and  to  Mr.  French,  merchant  in  Cork.  These 
nephews  and  nieces  of  his  kinsmen,  the  second  or  third 
generation  since  Count  Daniel  of  Cremona  had  followed  King 
James  to  France,  had  become  so  impoverished  that  it  was 
difficult  to  trace  them.  Hunting  Cap,  at  his  brother's  request, 
wrote  to  their  cousin  and  Cork  correspondent,  Jerry  McCrohan, 
who  in  April,  1777,  replies,  "  According  to  your  instructions, 
have  sent  you  the  above,  which  is  a  real  copy  taken  from 
Mr.  French  for  the  payment  he  made  to  the  above  people. 
I  asked  him  if  he  knew  where  they  lived,  which  he  did  not 
know,  and  I  believe  they  live  in  or  about  the  parish  of 
Killmichel." 

The  copy  of  acknowledgment  runs  as  follows  across  the 
top  of  the  first  page  : — 

"  We,  the  underwritten  Cornelius  O'Mahony,  Kean 
O'Mahony,  Cornelius,  son  of  Murtough  O'Mahony,  Eliza- 
beth and  Mary  O'Mahony,  Mary  and  Ellinor  O'Mahony, 
Sisters  to  Kean  O'Mahony,  Nephews  and  Nieces  of  the  Late 
Lieut.  Col.  Cornelius  O'Mahony,  deceased  in  the  Spanish 
Service,  and  in  our  quality  of  Heirs  to  the  said  deceased 
Lieut.  Col.  Comh.  O'Mahony,  acknowledge  to  have  rec*^  from 
his  Excellency  Count  O'Mahony,  Ambassador  from  the 
Court  of  Spain  to  that  of  Vienna,  by  the  hands  of  Martin 
French,  Esq"".,  Merc'  in  Cork,  the  sum  of  Ninety  Pounds 
sterling,  proceeding  from  the  Inheritance  of  our  said  Uncle 
deceased  Lieut. -Col.  Comn  O'Mahony,  and  making  with  the 
sums  heretofore  transmitted  to  us  by  his  said  Excellency 
Count  O'Mahony  the  full  am*  of  all  the  pceeds  [proceeds] 
of  said  inheritance,  for  which  we  signed  two  rec*^  of  the  same 
tenor  and  date,  the  two  being  for  one  and  the  same  payment. 
Cork,  19**^  Nov.,  1776. 

"  Present :  [Here  follow  signatures.] 

Eev^  Dominick  Morrough. 
Eo^  French." 

One  of  the  signatures  is  affixed  to  a  mark.  There  were 
rich  and  flourishing  Mahonys  at  Dunloe,  Dromore,  Cullinagh, 
and  Castle  Quinn,  but  this  especial  branch  had  fallen  into 
such  poverty  and  obscurity  as  to  be  unable  to  educate  all 
its  children. 

I  was  curiously  brought  into  contact  with  a  descendant 
of  a  brother  of  "  le  brave  O'Mahony." 

While  Count  Daniel  and  one  of  his  brothers  followed 
King  James  to  France,  and  found  fame  and  fortune  abroad, 
a  brother — probably  yet  a  boy — was  left  at  home.  After  the 
family  sank  into  poverty  and  obscurity,  his  grandson  married 

VOL.  I.  Y 


322        Tlie  Last  Colonel  of  the  Irish  Brigade. 

the  beautiful  daughter  of  a  famous  old  blacksmith,  and  his 
son  followed  the  trade.  He  left  Kerry,  and  he  or  his  son 
settled  in  Clonmel,  and  became  a  famous  master  farrier, 
where  this  scion  of  a  noble  race  shod  horses  for  her  Majesty 
and  for  my  father,  Charles  Bianconi,  who  at  that  time  kept  a 
great  number  of  public  cars  starting  from  Clonmel.  His  son, 
John  O'Mahony,  served  both  potentates.  He  refused  to 
follow  the  paternal  trade,  learned  Latin  and  music,  insisted 
on  enlisting,  served  valiantly,  came  home  to  be  a  mail-coach 
guard,  and  eventually  emigrated  to  Africa,  where  he  died 
highly  respected  within  the  last  seven  years,  having  long 
held  a  responsible  post  in  the  Custom  House  of  Durban. 
My  father  thought  too  much  education  had  spoilt  John 
O'Mahony  for  following  the  paternal  trade ;  I  think  it  was 
"le  brave  O'Mahony"  who  did  the  mischief,  if  mischief  it 
were.  I  should  not  wonder  if  he  left  nephews  and  nieces 
who  may  chance  to  see  this  record  of  their  race.  Strange 
two  sides  to  one  shield — the  ambassadorial  banquet;  the 
marks  of  one  of  the  heirs  of  the  ambassador's  kinsman. 

Mr.  Mahony,  of  Dromore,  was  kind  enough  to  answer 
some  queries  as  well  as  he  could  from  abroad.  He  also  tells 
me  that  the  present  house  of  Dromore  is  the  third  house 
erected  since  his  family  settled  there  in  1680. 

"  General  Count  Conway,"  he  continues,  "  of  the  Irish 
Brigade,  was  brought  up  at  Dromore,  his  mother  having 
been  a  Mahony.  Daniel  O'Mahony,  in  the  service  of  France, 
married  the  widow  of  the  Duke  of  Berwick.^  I  have  got  his 
pedigree.  The  Countess  of  Newburgh,  who  died  a  year  or 
two  ago,  descended  from  him.  The  title  became  extinct 
with  her,  but  I  found  the  Mahony  arms  quartered  on  her 
hatchment.  This  Count  O'Mahony  is  represented  by  Prince 
Giustiniani,  his  mother  having  been  the  last  lineal  descend- 
ant bearing  the  name  of  the  count." 

Mr.  Mahony  here  tells  the  anecdote  I  have  quoted  about 
the  Vienna  banquet,  but  with  a  trifling  inaccuracy.  He 
says,  "  There  were  two  other  counts  of  the  name.  '  Father 
Prout '  [Rev.  Francis  Mahony]  gave  me  a  letter  written  by 
one  of  them  who  lived  near  Lyons.  Another  count  had  a 
chateau  near  Bordeaux.  He  stayed  a  few  days  with  me  years 
ago,   and  was   a   complete  Frenchman.^    He   died  without 

1  O'Callaghan  says  her  sister,  Lord  Clare's  widow. 

2  John  Francis,  son  of  Darby  of  Dillon's  Regiment,  Colonel  French 
Service,  fourth  son  of  Donell  Mahony,  of  Dunloe,  emigrated  in  1792, 
being  then  Sub-Lieutenant  Irish  Brigade,  entered  English  Ax-my,  served 
against  French  in  Egypt  ;  re-entered  the  French  Service  after  Peace  of 
Amiens  :  "commandant"  third  battalion  Irish  Regiment,  1809;  served  in 


Notes  to  Book  IV.  323 

issue,  and  his  nephew,  a  Lieut.  BourdaHeue,  of  the  French 
Marine,  took  his  name  and  property.  The  Cremona  champion 
was  none  of  these." 

All  the  achievements  and  adventures  of  O'Mahony  are 
too  long  to  tell,  but  I  cannot  resist  quoting  a  couple  of 
episodes  from  O'Connor's  "Military  Memoirs  of  the  Irish 
Nation." 

At  the  famous  surprise  of  Cremona  in  1703  Prince 
Eugene  would  certainly  have  carried  the  town,  but  for  Ma- 
hony's  vigilance.  He  was  a  reformed  officer,  i.e.  one  of  those 
who  had  been  retrenched  from  the  regiments,  and,  in  the 
absence  of  the  lieut. -colonel,  was  in  command  of  "Dillon's." 
"  Mahony,"  says  O'Connor,  "was  a  great  martinet,  and  had 
ordered  his  men  to  parade  at  break  of  day.  He  had  thrown 
himself  into  bed,  with  orders  to  his  valet  and  host  to  awake 
him  before  dawn.  On  hearing  the  trampling  of  horses  he 
sprang  up,  began  to  scold  those  who  had  let  him  sleep,  and 
heard  they  were  the  Imperial  Cuirassiers.  He  ran  out, 
watched  his  opportunity,  reached  the  barracks,  and  had  the 
drums  beat  an  alarm.  The  Irish  ran  out  with  only  their 
shirts  and  small  clothes,  muskets,  and  cartouche-boxes.  In 
this  costume  they  fought,  fasting,  for  ten  hours. 

"  During  the  conflict  Mahony  seized  the  bridle  of  Count 
Taaffe's  lieut. -colonel,  Friburg,  when  his  Imperial  Cuiras- 
siers had  broken  the  half-naked  corps  of  Irish,  and  called 
out,  *  Quarter  for  Friburg  ! '  Friburg  refused,  and  was  shot 
down.  When  two  hundred  and  twenty-three  of  his  six 
hundred  were  hors  cle  combat,  he  retreated  to  the  battery  and 
turned  the  guns  on  Prince  Eugene's  advancing  column. 

"  No  wonder  Marshal  Villeroy  sent  him  to  bear  the 
despatches  to  King  Louis.  •  *  You  have  said  nothing,' 
observed  the  king,  '  of  my  brave  Irish.'  Mahony  modestly 
replied,  'They  fought  in  conjunction  with  the  other  troops 
of  your  Majesty.'  " 

Mathew  O'Connor   translates   the  following   quaint   cha- 

Spain  on  Junot's  staff ;  lieut.-colonel,  February,  1812;  Colonel  "3rd 
Foreign  Regiment, "  c^-(ie'yani  Irinndais,  November,  1813;  Chevalier  de 
St.  Louis,  August,  1814 ;  count,  March,  1815.  I  have  been  unable  to  trace 
him  further,  but  find  him  mentioned  as  "General  Count  Mahony"  under 
the  citizen-king.  He  seems  to  have  served  with  equal  readiness  for  and 
against  France,  for  and  against  England,  and  under  Bourbon,  Napoleon, 
and  Orleans.  He  is  the  Colonel  Mahony  unfavourably  mentioned  in 
Byrne's  "Memoirs,"  vol.  ii.  p.  98.  He  married  a  Miss  Power,  and  his  son 
Ernest,  Count  Mahony  {oh.  s.p.),  was  the  "  complete  Frenchman  "  who 
stayed  at  Dromore.  The  foreign  regiments  in  the  service  of  Buonaparte 
wei'e — No.  1,  "  of  Latour-d'Auvergne  ;  "  No.  2,  "of  Isenberg  ;  "  No.  3, 
"The  Irish;"  No.  4,  "The  Prussian"  (Decree  of  "the  Emperor," 
February,  1812).— [R.  O'C] 


324        The  Last  Colonel  of  the  Irish  Brigade. 

racter  of  O'Mahony  from  Bellesme's  "Histoire  des  Campagnes 
de  Vendome : " — "He  was  not  only  always  brave,  but  laborious 
and  indefatigable ;  his  life  was  a  continued  chain  of  dan- 
gerous combats,  desperate  attacks,  and  honourable  retreats. 
He  might  have  availed  himself  of  his  descent  from  one  of  the 
most  ancient  families  of  Ireland,  but  he  preferred  advance- 
ment by  personal  merit.  If  he  has  risen  to  the  first  rank 
in  the  army  he  has  risen  gradually,  and  has  passed  through 
all  the  subordinate  military  stations  to  learn  their  duties. 
He  learned  to  obey  before  he  commanded,  and  without 
sudden  elevation  to  the  glorious  employments  which  he  has 
sustained  with  so  much  applause  during  this  war.  What 
did  not  this  famous  Mahony  do  on  the  day  of  Cremona,  on 
which  his  conduct,  equally  bold  and  fortunate,  procured  for 
him  the  esteem  of  the  Government  and  the  admiration  of  the 
garrison  ?  By  his  foresight,  along  with  M.  de  Praslin,  in 
cutting  down  the  Po  bridge,  ten  thousand  Germans  were 
prevented  from  joining  Prince  Eugene.  Thus  Cremona  was 
saved  by  the  vigilance  and  valour  of  the  brave  Mahony.  .  .  . 
The  king  [of  France]  made  him  a  colonel,  afterwards  a 
brigadier.  He  afterwards  entered  the  service  of  his  Catholic 
Majesty  [of  Spain],  who  gave  him  a  commission  to  raise  a 
regiment  of  dragoons.  Having  raised  it,  he,  at  the  head  of 
these  Irish  dragoons,  performed  astonishing  feats  at  the 
battle  of  Almanza. 

"His  Catholic  Majesty,  convinced  of  his  capacity,  valour, 
experience,  and  devotion  to  his  glory,  sent  him  with  his 
regiment  to  Sicily,  where  he  served  with  much  distinction, 
and  by  his  polished  and  generous  manners  acquired  the 
friendship  of  the  Sicilians.  The  king  recalled  him  soon 
after  to  Spain,  and  made  him  a  lieut. -general,  and  honoured 
him  with  the  title  of  '  Count  of  Castile.'  He  served  in  the 
campaign  of  Ivaris  under  Philip  V.,  and  made  during  it 
many  successful  military  expeditions.  He  signalized  himself 
as  a  captain  and  a  soldier  at  the  battle  of  Saragossa,  and  at 
the  head  of  the  Spanish  cavalry  charged  with  great  vigour 
the  Portuguese  horse,  whom  he  broke  and  drove  into  the 
Ebro,  in  which  many  of  them  were  drowned.  After  he  had 
performed  this  exploit,  he  got  possession  of  the  enemy's 
artillery,  and,  as  he  could  not  carry  it  off,  he  cut  the  sinews 
of  four  hundred  artillery  mules,  by  order  of  the  Marquis  of 
Eey ;  if  the  rest  of  the  cavalry  had  followed  the  impetuous 
movement  of  the  dragoons  and  the  king's  guards,  we  would 
have  gained  this  battle,  though  the  allies  had  twenty-six 
thousand  and  the  Spaniards  only  twelve  thousand  men." 

O'Connor   also  tells   us  that   O'Mahony   acquired   great 


Notes  to  Booh  IV.  325 

glory  on  the  day  of  Villa  Viciosa  at  the  head  of  the  dragoons. 
The  king  rewarded  him  with  a  commandery  of  St.  lago, 
worth  150,000  livres  a  year. 

It  is  so  pleasant  to  find  an  Irishman's  merits  so  fully 
acknowledged  and  rewarded  that  I  have  given,  perhaps,  a  little 
too  much  space  to  the  brave  man  whose  son's  name  crops 
up  in  these  pages  as  almoner  for  a  kinsman  to  poor  Irish 
kindred. 


Note  D. 
Dominic  Trant  and  his  Jacobite  Kindred. 

Colonel  Trant,  of  Dovea,  kindly  permitted  me  to  rummage 
among  the  papers  of  his  great-grandfather,  Dominic  Trant. 
He  could  not  tell  me  the  precise  relationship  between  that 
most  pleasant  and  cultivated  gentleman  and  Sir  Patrick, 
who  followed  King  James  to  France.  Sir  Patrick's  life-sized 
portrait,  by  Sir  Peter  Lely,  in  all  the  bravery  of  a  long  curled 
wig,  white  satin  under-garb  and  brown  and  amber  drapery, 
hangs  in  the  dining-room  at  Dovea,  near  Dominic's  own  like- 
ness. There  are  several  papers  about  his  descendants.  I  annex 
the  will  of  Sir  Patrick's  widow,  as  also  the  letter  announcing 
her  death.  Sir  Lawrence  Trant,  their  son,  who  announces 
the  venerable  lady's  death,  must  have  succeeded  Sir  John, 
murdered  in  London,  who  is  mentioned  in  the  papers  Ross 
O'Connell  received  from  Dromore.  I  have  been  unable  to 
procure  any  further  information  about  the  Jacobite  baronets. 

Dominic  Trant' s  picture  was  admirably  painted  in  Rome. 
His  brown  hair  is  unpowdered,  though  dressed  in  the  fashion 
worn  with  powder.  He  wears  a  light  blue  silk  suit,  and  leans 
against  a  pile  of  books,  with  a  drawing  protruding  from  the 
heap,  and  a  view  of  Italian  scenery  showing  in  the  back- 
ground. He  is  tall,  stout,  and  florid,  with  large  lively  grey 
eyes  and  a  bright  genial  expression.  I  saw  several  of  his 
books,  and  also  his  pamphlet  which  led  to  the  duel  which 
ended  fatally  for  his  antagonist.  It  is  on  the  tithe  question, 
which  wrought  such  terrible  mischief  in  the  south  of  Ireland. 
Arthur  Young  gives  a  glowing  description  of  his  beautiful 
home  at  Dunkettle,  near  Cork,  full  of  treasures  of  literature 
and  art  within,  and  of  the  charms  of  landscape  gardening 
without. 

Colonel  Trant  showed  me  some  very  interesting  letters,  by 
which  it  appears  that  Dominic  Trant  did  a  great  business  as 
counsel  for  his  friends,  the  southern  smuggling  gentlemen. 


326       Tlie  Last  Colonel  of  the  Irish  Brigade. 

In  a  case  where  a  ship  and  valuable  cargo  were  at  stake,  he 
gets  fifty  guineas  on  his  brief,  and  seven  guineas  a  day  from 
the  moment  of  stepping  into  the  post-chaise  at  the  door  of  his 
town  house. 

I   quote   his   graphic   description   of  the  fatigues  of  the 
managing  counsel  at  a  contested  election. 


Extracts  from  Letters  of  Dominic  Trant,   concerning  the  Kerry 
Election  of  1790. 

May  11,  1790. 

I  was  obliged  to  come  off  Express  to  this  County  Election 
to  support  my  friends,  young  J.  Blennerhassett  and  Sir  B. 
Denny,  against  the  Crosbies,  Herbert-Leslies,  Ponsonbys,  etc. 
This  is  the  thirteenth  day  of  our  election,  and  it  may  continue 
for  three,  four,  or  five  days  longer,  or  perhaps  to  the  next  week. 
I  am  most  heartily  sick  and  tired  of  it,  as  in  fact  almost  the 
whole  burden  of  my  friends'  cause  lies  on  me  in  various 
points.  However,  we  must  endeavour  to  get  through  it  with 
honour  and  success  at  least.  I  have  not  the  least  doubt  of 
J.  B.  Hassett's  keej^ing  far  ahead  of  the  others,  and  I  think 
it  also  5  to  1  that  Denny  must  beat  Herbert.  My  friends 
seem  disposed  to  give  me  the  whole  credit  of  their  prospects 
of  success,  which  is  a  great  satisfaction  to  me.  I  have  lived 
here  for  the  last  fortnight  in  perpetual  bustle  and  fatigue,  not 
having  had  literally  one  half-hour  to  myself.  And  I  come 
home  from  Court  frequently  j^ar/aiiey^e/ti  rendu.  Even  at  this 
instant  I  have  got  up  at  six  o'clock,  after  very  little  sleep,  to 
write  this  scroll,  with  the  best  stump  of  a  pen  I  could  lay  my 
hands  on. 

I  lodge  at  my  old  friend's,  the  Collector's,  where  I  am  taken 
as  good  care  of  as  the  nature  of  this  time  of  hurry  will  permit. 
In  half  an  hour  I  shall  have  a  levee  of  at  least  50  agents, 
freeholders,  etc.,  to  receive  directions  from  me  ;  then  pre- 
cisely at  ten  we  go  into  court,  into  a  scene  of  the  greatest 
labour  and  confusion  imaginable  till  near  six  o'clock,  and  so 
on  from  day  to  day  in  the  same  scene  of  riot. 

Tralee,  May  14'\  1790. 

Our  election  here  will  finish  probably  this  day,  or  certainly 
to-morrow,  and  my  two  friends,  Blennerhassett  and  Denny, 
will  certainly  be  returned.  All  this  I  behold  with  joy,  as  the 
interest  of  my  friends  is  thus  fixed  on  a  firm  basis,  and  my 
labours  are  for  the  present  at  an  end.  For  the  two  last  days 
I  was  fairly  wrought  down,  almost  feverislf^  with  a  violent  sore 
throat,  loss  of  appetite  and  rest ;  but  I  kept  at  home  those  two 


Notes  to  Book  IV.  327 

days,  issuing  out  my  directions  as  occasion  offered,  and  am  at 
this  instant  much  better  than  I  have  been  for  the  last  six 
weeks. 

A  strongly  contested  election  is  certainly  a  most  severe 
trial  to  the  constitution  of  the  leading  counsel,  as  I  have  felt 
it  severely  more  than  once,  and  I  think  it  probable  I  shall 
never  try  the  experiment  again.  I  have  had  messengers  to 
induce  me  to  attend  as  council  in  the  County  of  Limerick  and 
Co.  of  Tipperary  Elections,  which  my  engagements  here  have 
happily  enabled  me  to  decline. 

I  cannot  add  another  word,  as  I  am  just  summoned  into 
Court,  where  it  is  imagined  Herbert  will  make  a  long  speech 
and  strike  his  colours. 

Jacobite  Trants. 

Copy  of  Letter  from  Sir  Laivrence  Trant  to  Charles  Campbell, 
Esq.,  in  Kapel  Street,  Dublin. 

Sir, — I  should  think  meself  much  wanting  to  the  respect 
I  have  always  had  for  you  if  I  should  not  acquaint  you  with 
the  subject  of  great  concern  to  my  sister  and  me,  that  my 
mother  departed  this  life  on  Friday  last,  the  11th  instant, 
in  her  perfect  senses,  after  a  few  days'  illness,  in  the  four- 
score and  third  year  of  her  age.  She  made  her  will  a  good 
while  ago,  but,  it  being  sealed  up,  will  not  be  opened  till  her 
funeral  is  performed.  I  shall  after  that  acquaint  you  with 
the  contents  of  it. 

I  am,  with  my  sister's  well  wishes  and  mine  for  your 
preservation  and  long  life, 

Sir, 
Your  most  Obedient  and  Most  humble  Servant, 

Lawrence  Trant. 
London,  IS'"  Sept.,  1724. 

Copy  of  the  Will  of  Lady  Helen  Trant. 

In  the  name  of  God.     Amen. 

I,  Dame  Helen  Trant,  of  the  Parish  of  St.  Anne,  Soho,  in 
the  County  of  Middlesex,  in  the  Kingdom  of  Great  Britain, 
widow  and  relict  of  the  late  Sir  Patrick  Trant,  Bart., 
deceased,  being  of  sound  mind  and  memory,  do  make  this 
my  last  will  and  testament  in  manner  and  form  following 
(that  is  to  say) :  Imprimis,  I  comitt  my  Soul  into  the  hands 
of  Almighty  God,  and  my  body  to  the  earth  to  be  decently 
interred.  And  as  for  my  worldly  Estate,  I  give,  devize,  and 
bequeath  to  the  uses  in  that  expressed  hereinafter  mentioned, 


328       Tlie  Last  Colonel  of  the  Irish  Brigade. 

(viz'.)  I  give  and  bequeath  unto  my  Granddaughter,  the 
Honbl.  Mrs.  Hellen  Fleming,  daughter  of  the  Eight  Honbl. 
now  Lord  Viscount  Longford,  late  Lord  Slane,  in  the 
Kingdom  of  Ireland,  the  sum  of  twenty  pounds,  to  be  paid 
to  her  out  of  the  part  of  the  ^07000  given  unto  me  and  my 
children  by  a  late  Act  of  Parliament,  remaining  in  the  hands 
of  Charles  Campbell,  of  the  city  of  Dublin,  in  the  s*^ 
Kingdom  of  Ireland,  Esq""®,  survivor  of  the  Trustees  appointed 
by  the  said  Act  for  distributing  the  same.  Item,  I  give, 
devize,  and  bequeath  out  of  the  said  money  remaining  as 
aforesaid  the  sum  of  £1000  unto  my  dear  daughter,  Frances 
Trant,  upon  Trust  nevertheless,  and  to  the  intent  that  she 
shall  apply  the  same  to  the  uses  by  me  declared  in  a  writing 
bearing  the  same  date  as  this  my  last  will  and  testament, 
and  by  me  signed,  sealed,  and  attested  by  the  same  sub- 
scribing witnesses  to  this  my  last  will  and  testament.  And 
I  do  likewise  give  and  bequeath  the  further  sum  of  £200  out 
of  the  said  money,  to  be  by  her  paid  to  the  uses  I  have  given 
her  particular  charge  and  directions  for,  and  which  I  desire 
she  shall  take  care  to  perform.  And  it  is  my  will  and  desire 
that  until  such  time  as  the  said  money  so  remaining  in  the 
bands  of  the  said  Charles  Campbell  as  aforesaid  can  be 
recovered  by  and  paid  in  to  my  Executrix,  having  so  named 
my  said  dear  daughter,  Frances  Trant,  she  shall  continue  to 
apply  the  yearly  interest  of  the  said  two  hundred  pounds  to 
the  same  uses  for  which  the  principal  is  intended.  And 
as  for  concerning  the  overplus  of  the  said  £7000,  which 
shall  or  may  remain  after  my  funeral  expenses,  debts,  and 
the  said  several  Legacies  hereinafore  specifyed  shall  be 
satisfyed  and  paid,  I  give,  devize,  and  bequeath,  together 
with  all  my  other  credits,  goods,  chattels,  and  personal 
estate  whatsoever  and  wherever  lying  and  of  what  nature 
and  kindsoever,  unto  my  dear  son,  S'  Lawrence  Trant, 
Baronet,  and  unto  my  said  dear  daughter,  Frances  Trant, 
who  most  dutifully  and  affectionately  attended  me  under  all 
my  circumstances  and  Hardships,  tho'  with  no  small  incon- 
venience to  herself,  and  to  their  assigns,  to  be  equally 
divided  between  them,  share  and  share  alike,  and  to  be  for 
no  other  use,  intent,  or  purpose  whatsoever.  And  of  this 
my  last  will  and  testament  I  declare,  constitute,  and  appoint 
my  said  dear  daughter,  Frances  Trant,  sole  Executrix,  and 
the  Eight  Honbl.  Lord  North  and  Grey  Supervisor  and 
Trustee  to  see  the  same  put  in  execution  according  to  the 
true  intent  and  meaning  thereof  herein  before  declared.  And 
lastly,  I  do  hereby  revoke  and  anull  and  declare  void  all 
former  wills  by  me  at  any  time  made.     In  witness  hereof 


Notes  to  Book  IV.  329 

I   have  hereunto  set  my  hand  and  seals   the   26'*'    day   of 
October,  in  the  year  of  our  Lord  God  1721. 

Helen  Tkant. 


is.) 


Signed,  sealed,  published,  and 
delivered  in  the  presence 
of  us,  who  in  the  presence 
and  at  the  request  of  the 
Testatrix  have  subscribed 
our  names. 

Jo.  Peendergast. 

Jo.  Gorman. 

Mary  Dalton. 


Note  E. 

Sir  Nicholas  Trant,  K.T.S.  (Major-General  Portuguese 

Service). 

It  would  ill  become  the  chronicler  of  the  last  of  the  Irish 
Brigade  to  pass  over  in  silence  Sir  Nicholas  Trant's  brilliant 
Peninsular  adventures  during  the  time  he  was  lent  by  Great 
Britain  to  Portugal.  Eoss  O'Connell  and  Mrs.  Trant  of  Dovea 
have  furnished  me  with  memoranda  concerning  him,  and 
two  other  friends  have  ransacked  Napier's  vast  "Peninsular 
War"  for  his  achievements.  Owing  to  Dominic  Trant's  migra- 
tions over  a  century  ago,  his  descendants  at  Dovea  have  lost 
touch  with  the  tide  of  Kerry  tradition,  and  cannot  tell  me 
how  Sir  Nicholas  was  connected  with  their  line.  He  was  also 
connected  with  the  Chevalier  Fagan,  Count  Bartholomew 
O'Mahony,  Colonel  Thomas  FitzMaurice,  and  many  more 
of  the  last  generation  of  Irish  Quentin  Durwards.  He  was 
the  grandson  of  Dominic  Trant,  of  Erls,  and  one  of  his  aunts, 
Helena,  daughter  of  James  Trant,  of  Castle  Island,  was  married 
to  the  Chevalier  Fagan's  brother  Stephen.  Evidently  the 
Protestant  Trants,  now  of  Dovea,  and  their  poorer  Catholic 
kindred  who  stayed  on  in  Kerry,  and  the  extinct  Jacobite 
baronets,  all  sprang  from  the  Trants  of  Fenitt.  King  James's 
Army  List  (D'Alton)  states  that  Sir  Nicholas  was  a  lineal 
descendant  of  Sir  Patrick,  who  raised  a  regiment  for  King 
James  and  followed  him  into  exile.  M.  Eoche,  the  antiquarian 
Cork  banker,^  talks  of  Sir  Nicholas  Trant  as  among  the  most 
distinguished  veterans  of  the  Irish  Brigade,  and  he  was  cer- 
tainly one  of  the  Irish-French  officers  who  followed  the  Due 
de  Fitz James  into  the  British  Service ;  but  I  fancy  he  must 

^  "  Reminiscences  of  an  Octogenarian,"  quoted  in  text. 


330        The.  Last  Colonel  of  the  Irish  Brigade. 

have  first  served  King  Louis  in  some  non-Irish  regiment,  as 
his  name  does  not  occur  in  M.  de  la  Ponce's  exhaustive  record 
of  the  services  of  the  officers  of  the  Irish  Brigade.  We  find 
so  many  Irishmen  serving  in  the  German  Legion  that  this 
is  quite  probable. 

We  first  find  clear  and  certain  traces  of  Nicholas  Trant 
in  1794,  when  his  commission  as  captain  in  the  second  regi- 
ment of  the  English  Irish  Brigade,  Count  Walsh  de  Serrant's, 
was  signed  by  King  George  III.,  on  October  1,  1794. 

My  text  tells  how  that  unfortunate  corps  fared. 

He  was  one  of  the  many  British  officers  lent  to  the  Portu- 
guese Government  when  Marshal  Beresford  was  sent  to  organize 
the  Portuguese  Army.  He  seems  to  have  been  made  a  Portu- 
guese colonel  while  only  a  British  captain.  Colonel  Trant,  of 
Dovea,  gave  me  an  old  newspaper  with  the  gazette  of  March 
9,  1816,  which  says,  "  Captain  Sir  N.  Trant  to  be  Major  in 
the  Army,  he  being  appointed  to  serve  with  the  Portuguese 
troops,  vice  Sir  K.  Arbuthnott,  removed  to  the  Coldstream 
Kegiment  of  Foot  Guards." 

He  seems  to  have  been  made  general  immediately  after  he 
took  Coimbra,  as  the  letter  of  thanks  of  his  French  prisoners 
is  to  "  Monsieur  le  General."  At  p.  225  of  Napier's  second 
volume  we  are  told  how,  Colonel  Lameth  having  been  mur- 
dered and  mutilated  in  the  village  of  Arrenana,  Soult  had  five 
or  six  villagers  shot,  but  the  principal  murderers,  including 
a  Portuguese  major,  took  refuge  with  Colonel  Trant,"  who, 
disgusted  at  their  conduct,  sent  them  on  to  Marshal  Beres- 
ford. At  p.  227,  vol.  ii.,  Napier  mentions  that  Trant  was  well 
known  to  the  Portuguese,  having  commanded  at  Earice  and 
Vincera.  He  was  at  Coimbra  when  the  news  of  the  defeat  at 
Braga  came  in.  He  took  the  command  of  all  the  armed  men  in 
the  town,  including  a  band  of  volunteers  formed  of  the  students 
of  the  university.  "  The  dismay  and  confusion  having  been 
greatly  increased  by  the  catastrophe  at  Oporto,  the  fugitives 
from  that  town  and  other  places,  accustomed  to  violence,  and 
attributing  every  misfortune  to  treachery  in  the  generals, 
flocked  to  Trant's  standard;  and  he,  as  a  foreigner,  was  enabled 
to  assume  an  authority  no  native  of  rank  durst  either  have 
accepted  or  refused  without  danger."  He  advanced  with 
about  eight  hundred  men  to  Aviera,  and  joined  the  Portuguese 
generals.  The  people,  distrusting  these,  continued  to  flock  to 
his  standard ;  many  thousands  deserted  in  a  panic  when  sent 
to  seize  a  bridge,  which  Napier  considers  lucky  for  him,  as 
the  masses  of  insubordinate,  excited  men  would  have  ill  suited 
his  prompt  and  brilliant  dashes. 

"  Trant,"  he  says,  "  finally  detained  only  about  four  thou- 


Notes  to  Booh  IV.  331 

sand  men,  with  whom  he  imposed  on  the  French,  and  pre- 
served a  fruitful  country  from  the  enemy ;  but  he  was  greatly 
distressed  for  money,  the  Bishop  of  Oporto  having,  in  his  flight 
to  Lisbon,  laid  hands  on  all  that  was  at  Coimbra." 

There  are  various  short  mentions  of  Trant  and  his  irre- 
gulars in  this  chapter.  The  only  interesting  one  of  these  says, 
"  Trant's  corps  was  to  make  its  way  between  Paget's  division 
and  the  Lake  of  Aviers,  but  late  in  the  evening,  Trant  having 
ascertained  that  an  impracticable  ravine  would  prevent  his 
obeying  orders,  passed  the  bridge  of  Vouga,  and  carried  his 
forces  beyond  the  defile." 

Napier  also  mentions  that  he  was  made  Governor  of  Oporto 
when  the  town  was  taken. 

At  pp.  319,  320  of  his  third  volume  Napier  tells  us  how, 
on  September  20,  1810,  Trant  formed  the  hardy  project  of 
destroying  Massena's  artillery  on  the  road  about  twenty  miles 
from  Viseu.  "  Quitting  Moimento  de  Beira  in  the  night,  with 
a  squadron  of  cavalry,  two  thousand  militia,  and  five  guns, 
on  the  20th  he  surprised  a  patrol  of  ten  men,  from  whom  he 
learned  that  the  convoy  was  at  hand,  and  Montbrun's  cavalry 
close  in  the  rear.  Nevertheless,  as  the  defiles  were  narrow, 
he  charged  the  head  of  the  escort,  and  took  a  hundred  prisoners 
and  some  baggage.  The  convoy  then  fell  back,  and  Trant 
followed,  the  ways  being  so  narrow  that  Montbrun  could 
never  conle  up  to  the  front.  At  this  time  a  resolute  attack 
would  have  thrown  the  French  into  utter  confusion ;  but  the 
militia  were  unmanageable,  and  the  enemy  having  at  last 
rallied,  a  few  men  repulsed  the  Portuguese  cavalry  with  a 
loss  of  twelve  troopers.  The  whole  got  into  disorder,  where- 
upon Trant,  seeing  nothing  more  was  to  be  effected,  returned 
to  Moimento  de  Beira."  The  French  still  fell  back,  and 
Massena  lost  two  days,  the  artillery  not  reaching  Viseu  until 
the  23rd. 

Trant's  most  brilliant  achievement  was  the  capture  of 
Coimbra,  for  which  he  was  knighted.  Napier,  who  has  been 
telling  us  of  Massena's  advance,  says — 

"  Massena  followed,  in  one  column,  by  the  way  of  Rio 
Mayor  ;  but,  meanwhile,  an  exploit,  as  daring  and  hardy  as 
any  performed  by  a  partisan  officer  during  the  war,  convicted 
him  of  bad  generalship,  and  shook  his  plan  of  invasion  to  its 
base. 

"  Colonel  Trant  reached  Milheada,  intending  to  unite  with 
Miller  and  J.  Wilson,  the  latter  having  made  a  forced  march 
for  that  purpose,  but  they  were  still  distant.  His  own  arrival 
was  unknown  at  Coimbra,  and  he  resolved  to  attack  the 
French  in  that  city  without  waiting  for  assistance.     Having 


332       Tlie  Last  Colonel  of  the  Irish  Brigade. 

surprised  a  small  post  at  Fornos  early  in  the  morning  of  the 
7th,  he  sent  his  cavalry  at  full  gallop  through  the  streets  of 
Coimhra,  with  orders  to  pass  the  bridge,  and  cut  off  all  com- 
munication with  the  French  Army,  of  whose  progress  he  was 
ignorant.  Meanwhile  his  infantry  penetrated  at  different 
points  into  the  principal  parts  of  the  town;  the  enemy, 
astounded,  made  little  or  no  resistance,  and  the  Convent  of 
Santa  Clara  surrendered  at  discretion.  Thus  on  the  third 
day  after  the  Prince  of  E  sling  had  quitted  the  Mondego,  his 
depots  and  hospitals  and  nearly  five  thousand  prisoners, 
wounded  and  unwounded,  amongst  which  there  was  a  company 
of  the  marines  of  the  Imperial  Guards,  fell  into  the  hands 
of  a  small  militia  force  !  The  next  day.  Miller  and  Wilson, 
arriving,  spread  their  men  on  all  the  lines  of  communication, 
and  picked  up  above  three  hundred  more  prisoners,  while 
Trant  conducted  his  to  Oporto. 

"  During  the  first  confusion,  the  Portuguese  committed 
some  violence  on  the  prisoners,  and  the  Abbe  du  Pradt  and 
other  French  writers  have  not  hesitated  to  accuse  Trant  of 
disgracing  his  country  and  his  uniform  by  encouraging  this 
conduct,  whereas  his  exertions  repressed  it,  and  if  the  fact 
that  not  more  than  ten  men  lost  their  lives  under  such  critical 
circumstances  was  not  sufficient  refutation,  the  falsehood  is 
placed  beyond  dispute  in  a  letter  of  thanks,  written  to  Colonel 
Trant  by  the  French  officers  who  fell  into  his  hands." 

This  letter,  quoted  in  the  appendix  to  vol.  iii.,  is  addressed 
to  General  Trant,  Governor  of  the  Town  and  Province  of 
Oporto,  by  Colonel  Catelot,  "  sous  inspecteur  au  revue  des 
Troupes  Franpaises,"  Staff-Surgeon  Fallot,  and  the  navy 
commander,  H.  Delahaye. 

Trant's  own  brief  and  modest  report  of  his  exploit,  in 
the  form  of  a  letter  to  Marshal  Beresford,  dated  Coimbra, 
October  7,  1810,  is  given  in  the  Duke  of  Wellington's 
despatches.  He  specially  commends  the  valour  of  Lieu- 
tenant Dutel,  and  the  spirited  conduct  of  Colonel  Serpa,  and 
says  nothing  could  exceed  the  state  of  wretchedness  in  which 
he  found  the  city,  the  French  having  not  only  plundered  it 
and  set  fire  to  some  houses,  but  heaped  up  piles  of  clothes 
and  furniture  in  the  streets  to  be  burned.  He  describes  the 
fury  of  his  troops,  of  whom  eight  hundred  were  natives  of 
the  town,  and  the  difficulty  he  had  in  protecting  his  French 
prisoners  from  insult. 

In  the  fourth  volume  Napier  tells  us  how,  in  the  following 
April,  six  thousand  regular  infantry  and  three  hundred 
cavalry,  under  Silviera,  and  eight  thousand  five  hundred  of 
the  northern  militia,  were  called  out  before  the  allies  quitted 


Notes  to  Book  IV.  333 

Com.  Of  these  raw  levies  Trant  led  three  thousand,  described 
by  Napier  as  "raw  peasants,  unskilled  in  the  use  of  arms." 
However,  by  a  brilliant  forced  march,  Trant  reached  the 
bridge  of  Almeida,  in  the  Cabega  Negro  Mountains,  just  in 
time  to  save  it  from  the  French,  who  had  driven  Carlos 
d'Espaiia  before  them.  He  arrived  there,  retreating  with 
two  hundred  men,  just  as  Trant  got  up  with  his  division. 

"  Trant  immediately  threw  some  skirmishers  into  the  vine- 
yards to  the  right  of  the  bridge;  then,  escorted  by  guides 
he  had  dressed  in  red  uniform,  galloped  to  the  glacis  of  the 
fortress,  received  from  the  governor  (Le  Messurier)  a  troop 
of  English  cavalry,  and  returned  at  dusk.  The  Cabega  Negro 
was  immediately  covered  with  bivouac  fires,  and  Le  Messurier 
sallied  from  the  fortress  in  the  evening,  and  drove  back  the 
enemy's  light  troops.  Two  divisions  of  infantry  had  come 
against  Almeida,  but  the  attempt  was  not  made,  the  general 
commanding  being  startled  by  the  sudden  appearance  of 
Trant.  Trant  sent  back  the  cavalry  to  Le  Messurier,  and 
marched  to  Guarda.  Here  he  was  joined  by  Wilson,  and 
should  have  been  joined  by  Silviera ;  but  that  general,  cross- 
ing the  Douro  on  April  14,  halted  at  Lamego.  Thus  these 
scarcely  six  thousand  raw  peasants  were  left  to  guard  the 
position  at  Guarda,  and  the  only  squadron  of  dragoons  iu 
the  vicinity  was  retained  at  Celorico  by  Bacellar.  Trant  and 
Wilson,  with  six  thousand  militia  and  six  guns,  held  the  post 
from  the  9th  to  the  17th  of  April,  keeping  the  enemy's 
marauders  in  check,  and  prepared  to  move  to  Abrantes  in 
case  the  French  should  menace  that  fortress,  Trant  had 
formed  the  daring  design  of  surprising  the  French  marshal 
at  Sabugal,  but  Bacellar's  procrastination  fortunately  delayed 
the  execution  of  this  project,  w^hich  would  undoubtedly  have 
failed ;  for  on  the  13th,  the  night  on  which  Trant  would  have 
made  the  attempt,  Marmont,  designing  to  surprise  Trant,  led 
two  brigades  of  infantry  and  four  hundred  cavalry  up  the 
mountain.  He  cut  off  the  outposts,  and  was  entering  the 
streets  with  his  horsemen  at  daybreak,  when  the  alarm  was 
beaten  by  one  drummer  at  Trant's  quarters,  and  the  other 
drummers  taking  it  up  at  hazard  in  different  parts  of  the 
town,  the  French  general  fell  back  at  the  very  moment  when 
a  brisk  charge  would  have  placed  everything  at  his  mercy, 
for  there  were  no  troops  under  arms,  and  the  beating  of  the 
first  drum  had  been  accidental.  The  militia  then  took  post 
outside  Guarda ;  but  they  had  only  one  day's  provisions,  and 
it  was  decided  to  retreat,  which  the  regiments  did  in  good 
order  at  first,  but  as  the  head  of  the  troops  were  passing  the 
Mondego,  forty  dragoons  sent  up  by  Bacellar  were  pressed 


334        The  Last   Colonel  of  the  Irish  Brigade. 

by  the  French  troops  and  galloped  the  rear-guard  of  eight 
hundred  infantry.  These,  seeing  the  enemy  dismount  to  fire, 
and  finding  their  own  powder  damaged  by  the  wet,  fled  also, 
the  French  following.  All  the  officers  behaved  firmly,  and 
the  Mondego  was  passed,  but  in  confusion,  and  with  the  loss 
of  two  hundred  prisoners.  Bacellar,  having  destroyed  a 
quantity  of  powder  at  Celorico,  retreated  with  Trant's  people 
towards  Lamego.  Wilson  remained  at  Celorico,  and,  when 
the  enemy  had  driven  in  his  outposts,  ordered  the  magazines 
to  be  destroyed.  This  order  was  only  partly  executed  when 
the  French  general  retired,  and  the  militia  reoccupied  Guarda 
on  the  17th." 

Napier  mentions  two  other  anecdotes  of  Trant. 

Bli.  XII.  ch.  iii.  p.  465  :  "  Wellington  had  ordered  Bacellar 
to  look  to  the  security  of  Oporto,  and  directed  Wilson  and 
Trant  to  abandon  the  Mondego  and  the  Vouga  the  moment  the 
fords  were  passable,  retiring  across  the  Douro,  breaking  up  the 
roads  as  they  retreated,  and  destroying  all  means  of  transport. 
Trant,  having  destroyed  an  arch  of  the  Coimbra  bridge  on  the 
city  side,  and  placed  guards  at  the  fords,  resolved  to  oppose 
the  enemy's  passage.  On  the  evening  of  March  11,  1811,  the 
French  appeared  at  the  suburb  of  Santa  Clara,  and  a  party 
of  their  dragoons  actually  forded  the  Mondego  at  Pereiras. 
On  the  12th  the  French  examined  the  bridge  of  Coimbra,  but 
one  was  wounded  by  a  cannon-shot,  and  a  skirmish  took  place 
along  the  banks  of  the  river,  during  which  a  party,  attempt- 
ing to  feel  their  way  along  the  bridge,  were  scattered  by  a 
round  of  shot.  The  fords  were  practicable  for  cavalry,  and 
Trant,  having  been  obliged  by  Bacellar  to  withdraw  the 
greater  part  of  his  force  on  the  10th,  had  only  two  or  three 
hundred  militia  and  a  few  guns,  yet  these  opposed  the  enemy, 
and  the  French,  believing  that  reinforcements  had  reached 
Coimbra,  withdrew,  and  thus  the  same  man  and  same  militia 
who  had  captured  Coimbra,  saved  it." 

Bk.  XII.  ch.  iv.  p.  487 :  "  Trant,  crossing  the  Lower 
Coa  with  two  thousand  militia,  had  taken  post  two  miles 
from  Almeida,  when  the  river  suddenly  flooded  behind  him. 
There  was  a  brigade  of  the  9th  corps,  which  had  been  employed 
to  cover  the  march  of  the  battery-train  from  Almeida  to 
Ciudad  Eodrigo,  but  ere  they  had  discovered  Trant's  situation 
he  had  constructed  a  temporary  bridge,  and  was  retiring, 
when  he  received  orders  from  British  head-quarters  to  be 
vigilant  in  cutting  off  the  communication  with  Almeida,  and 
also  notice  that  the  next  day  a  British  force  would  be  down 
to  his  assistance.  Marching  to  Val  de  Mula,  Trant  interposed 
between  the  fortress  and  the  brigade  of  the  9th  corps.     The 


Notes  to  Booh  IV.  335 

latter  were  within  half  a  mile  of  his  position,  and  his  destruc- 
tion seemed  inevitable,  when  cannon-shots  were  heard  to  the 
south ;  the  enemy  formed  squares  and  commenced  a  retreat 
as  six  squadrons  of  British  cavalry  swept  over  the  plain  in 
their  rear.  The  enemy  only  escaped  over  the  Aqueda  with 
the  loss  of  three  hundred  killed,  wounded,  and  prisoners." 

I  have  far  outstripped  the  usual  limits  of  a  note  to  record 
this  vahant  Kerry  man's  adventures.  We  afterwards  see  him 
in  Paris,  revisiting  the  scenes  of  his  youth,  and  mixing  with 
the  little  knot  of  veterans  of  the  Brigade  who  had  settled  there 
on  the  Kestoration.  Whom  he  married  or  when,  I  have  not 
been  able  to  learn.  Ross  O'Connell  sends  me  the  following  brief 
obituary  notice,  from  which  I  gather  a  fond  daughter  closed 
the  old  man's  eyes,  and  that  he  died  in  her  English  home. 

''October  the  16th,  1839,  died  Sir  Nicholas  Trant,  K.T.S., 
formerly  Major-General  in  the  Portuguese  Service,  aged  70, 
at  Great  Braddon,  Essex.  His  only  daughter,  Clarissa,  had 
married,  in  1832,  John  Branston,  Vicar  of  Great  Braddon." 


END    OF    VOL    I. 


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D.D.,  homihes  by  the  Rev.  A.  F.  MuiR,  Rev.  W.  F.  Adeney,  Rev.  W.  M, 

Statham,  and  Rev.  Prof.  J.  Thomson,  5th  edition,  10^.  6</. 
I  and  2  SAMUEL,  by  the  Very  Rev.    R.  P.,  Smith,  D.D.,  homilies  by  the  Rev. 

Donald  Fraser,  D.D.,  Rev.  Prof.  Chapman,  Rev.  B.  Dale,  and  Rev.  G. 

Wood,  7th  edition,  2  vols.  15^-.  each. 

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Clarkson  and  Rev.  T.  Whitelaw,  D.D.,  15^. 
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and  Rev.  D.  Young,  3rd  edition,  155. 
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Kegan  Paul,  Trench,  Trilbner,  &  Co.'s  Ptiblicaiions.  47 


Pulpit  Commentary — coiit. 

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Printed  on  thin  opaque  paper,  and  forming  12  handy  volumes,  cloth,  18^., 
or  bound  in  6  volumes,  \^s. 

The  set  of  12  volumes  may  also  be  had  in  a  cloth  box,  price  21^.,  or 
bound  in  Roan,  Persian,  Crushed  Persian  Levant,  Calf,  or  Morocco,  and 
enclosed  in  an  attractive  leather  box,  at  prices  from  31J.  6^,  upwards. 


THE  PARCHMENT  LIBRARY  EDITION. 

In  12  volumes  Elzevir  8vo,  choicely  printed  on  hand-made  paper,   and 
bound  in  parchment  or  cloth,  price  ^3.  12^'.,  or  in  vellum,  price  ^4.  loj-. 
The  set  of  12  volumes  may  also  be  had  in  a  strong  cloth  box,  price 
;j^3.  17^.,  or  with  an  oak  hanging  shelf,  ^3.  iSj-. 


London  :  Kegan  Paul,  Trench,  Trubner,  &  Co.,  Lt^. 


Spottis-woode  <2^'  Co.  Printers,  New-street  Sqva7-e,  London. 


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BOSTON  COLLEGE  LIBRARY 

UNIVERSITY  HEIGHTS 
CHESTNUT  HILL.  MASS. 

Books  may  be  kept  for  two  weeks  and  may 
be  renewed  for  the  same  period,  unless  re- 
served. 

Two  cents  a  day  is  charged  for  each  book 
kept  overtime. 

If  you  cannot  find  what  you  want,  ask  the 
Librarian  who  will  be  glad  to  help  you. 

The  borrower  is  responsible  for  books  drawn 
on  his  card  and  for  all  fines  accruing  on  the 
same.