APERS
LD
LiDDELL
LaLGr Class. Sern
I_7l25kx
LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS
SELECTED AND ARRANGED
BY
A. C. LIDDELL, M.A.
Formerly Scholar of Jesus College, Cambridge ; Assistant Mastet
at Westminster School
WITH VOCABULARY
Vt
i £-
LONDON
BLACKIE & SON, LIMITED, 50 OLD BAILEY, E.G.
GLASGOW AND DUBLIN
Latin Grammar Papers. For Middle Forms. Selected from
Oxford and Cambridge Local and London Matriculation Exami-
nations. By A. C. LlDDELL, M.A. F'cap 8vo, cloth, Is.
First Steps in Continuous Latin Prose. By \v. c. FLAMSTEAD
WALTERS, M.A. Crown 8vo, cloth, 2s. Key (for Teachers only),
2s. 6d. net.
Hints and Helps in Continuous Latin Prose. By W. C. F.
WALTERS, M.A. Crown 8vo, cloth, 2s. Key (for Teachers only),
2s. 6d. net.
Greek Grammar Papers. Selected and arranged by A. C. LLD-
DELL, M.A., Assistant Master in Westminster School. Cloth,
Is. 6d.
Hints and Helps in Continuous Greek Prose. By W. C.
FLAMSTEAD WALTERS, M.A. Crown 8vo, cloth, 2s. Qd-
LONDON: BLACKIE & SON, LIMITED
PEEFACE
These papers are intended for middle forms, to
be done either in writing or vivd wee. The questions
in 1-31 are on accidence only, and follow the usual
arrangement of Latin grammars; those in 32-42 are for
the most part taken from or modelled on recent Oxford
or Cambridge Junior Local papers; 43-49 from the
same, Senior papers; 50-57 from London matriculation
examinations. From 58 to the end the questions are
mainly though not entirely on syntax. At the end of
each paper are given some sentences for translation into
Latin, each either illustrating some idiom or containing
some simple catch. It is hoped that the index will be
useful in enabling a teacher to put his finger at once
on the particular sort of question required, without the
necessity of hunting through the book.
A. C. L.
NOTE
A few corrections and alterations have been made in
the present edition, and a Vocabulary has been added.
LATIN GRAMMAR, PAPERS.
1. Give the genitive singular of vir, gener, socer,
vesper, liber, accipiter, alacer, ater, neuter, iter,
armiger.
2. Give the ablative singular and genitive plural
of grex, fons, vox, ius, caput, calcar, genus, and
imber.
3. Decline together melius cornu, supplex agricola,
felix tribus.
4. Give the names of the months in Latin. What
gender are they, and why?
5. Compare asper, pulcer, aequus, dubius, malefi-
cus. What is the Latin for 70, 70th, 70 each, 70
times, 700, 700 times?
6. What is the vocative singular of meus, tuus,
suus; the nominative plural neuter of qui, quis,
aliquis; the genitive singular of uter, alter, alteruter,
nemo, and se?
7. What is the Latin for: Be thou heard, let
them be advised, I am-going-to hear, thou wilt hear,
of ruling, I shall have been taken, ye might be
taken, lead, say, do, I have been advising, lie
there ?
8. Put into Latin: (1) His father has gone to
Rome. (2) He was frightened by the waves. (3)
He was bitten by the dog. (4) My brother and my
sister are beautiful. (5) I am about to be loved.
LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS.
n.
1. By what rules can the gender of a Latin noun
be known according to its meaning? What is the
gender of coniunx, testis, serpens, laurus, October,
nefas, aestas, auriga, incola?
2. What are the masculine and the feminine
endings in the 1st, and the masculine and the neuter
endings in the 2nd declension? Give a list of femi-
nine words of the 2nd declension.
3. Arrange the nouns of the 3rd declension in
genders according to their endings.
4. What is the gender of 4th and 5th declension
nouns? Give a list of exceptions.
5. Give the gender of the following nouns: origo,
marmor, teges, arbor, praedo, caro, sanguis, margo,
bidens (2), pecus (2), iubar, mus, pecten, grex, virtus,
nemus, rete, stirps, calix, pulvis, piscis, finis, forfex,
supellex, vas (2), lepus, sal, pugil, animal, ren, uber,
ver, linter, adeps.
6. Put into Latin: (1) I gave him the swiftest
horse I had. (2) It is said that he forgot the
weapons he had bought. (3) They got back to
camp with the loss of a few men. (4) Have you
been told what you have got to do?
LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS.
III.
1. Decline in the singular gener, miles, coniunx,
celer, and in the plural mare, nox, vas, dives. Give
the genders of manus, vulgus, ver, orbis, ordo.
2. Compare cito, audacter, frugi, aequus, pius,
gracilis, nequam, benevolus, egenus, and providus.
3. Decline in the singular ipse, iste, and solus; in
the plural hie, uter; in full nemo.
4. Give the Latin for 18, 60, 70, 98, 126, 200,
700, 1000, 10,000, and 1,000,000, and the ordinals,
distributives, and numeral adverbs of each.
5. What numerals are used to express indefinitely
large numbers, e.g. " to find a hundred reasons ".
6. What is the force of unus in ' omnium doctissi-
mus unus ' ? What is the Latin for ' one camp', ' five
camps', 'five forts', 'three letters', 'twice two are
four ', ' a thousand ships ', ' every other day', ' every
3rd year'?
7. Decline tribus, genu, and meridies. Give in-
stances of nouns which belong to two declensions.
What are such nouns called?
8. Put into Latin: (1) The noble Brutus. (2) I
gave my father this. (3) He came from Africa to
Rome. (4) Come with me. (5) Caius is the man
I obey.
8 LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS.
IV.
1. What is the meaning of obtineo, occupo,
pendeo, pendo, ignosco, pasco, compesco, explode,
occido, occido, mando (2) ?
2. Write down the principal parts of fido, tollo,
viso, iacio, iaceo, findo, figo, fingo, serpo, morior,
reor, and gaudeo.
3. Parse the following in as many ways as you
can, and give the principal parts of the verbs from
which they come : passi, ref ertis, victum, visi, edere,
mulsi, luxere, docere.
4. Give the supine of haereo, haurio, sperno,
sterno, vivo, vinco, vincio, sero (2), tero, flecto, fluo,
gero, uro, cognosco, pario, pareo; and the perfect of
nascor, nanciscor, metior, mentior, ordior, orior,
fulgeo, fulcio, fero, ferio, reperio, cano, concino.
5. Derive English words from the supine of
poto, lavo, aboleo, mulceo, tergeo, tondeo, colo,
coquo, caedo, trudo, pungo, edo, volvo, haurio,
sarcio.
6. Name three verbs which belong both to the
second and the third conjugation.
V. Put into Latin: (1) I am about to be killed.
(2) He looked round on those standing by. (3) This
concerns us much, but makes no difference to our
children. (4) How much did the house cost? Two
talents.
LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS.
V.
1. Mention the various meanings of amare, rege,
audiere, regere, monere, auditis, amate, audire, esse.
2. How is the place of the perfect participle
active supplied? Put into Latin: Having taken
the city he departed; having taken the city he
burnt it.
3. Mention five ways of forming the perfect in-
dicative. What is the rule for forming the perfect
of reduplicated verbs when compounded with a
preposition?
4. When do verbs of the 3rd conjugation in -io
drop the it In what respects does the conjugation
of a deponent verb differ from that of a passive
verb?
5. Explain with examples the terms semi-de-
ponent, quasi-passive verbs. What peculiarity is
there in iuro, ceno, prandeo ?
6. What are inceptive, desiderative, frequentative
verbs? How are they formed, to what conjugations
do they belong?
7. Put into Latin: (1) Does anyone suppose they
will enjoy their leisure? (2) News was brought
that as many as possible would be spared. (3) I
feel sure the speech will be a hindrance to all.
10 LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS.
VI
1. Compound fero with a, cum, ad; audio with
ob; ago with cum, per, circum; lego with cum,
inter; quatio with cum; rego with sub; laedo with
in, and give their principal parts.
2. Form derivative verbs from iacio, cano, edo,
curro, dormio, ardeo; puer, mitis, vesper. How do
inceptives form their perfect?
3. Give two meanings to each of the following
verbs: fundo, volo, colligo, mando; crevi, luxi,
fulsi, pavi; colo, praedico, lego, educo; pactum,
versum, tentum, victum.
4. Distinguish: fugere, fugere, fugare; tegit,
texit (2), texuit; vellet, vellit, velit; feris, ferris,
fers; parit, paret, parat; occidit, occidit; caedit,
cedit, cadit.
5. Show the force of the preposition in addisco,
commoveo, deicio, deterreo, dedoceo, exaudio, inter-
dico, obsum, praeficio, praemoneo, subduco, subse-
quor, discedo, diligo, renuntio, recludo, reddo.
6. What is the passive of odi, perdo, vendo, addo ?
What is the difference in use between coepi and
incipio?
7. Put into Latin: (1) The shouts of victory
startled the onlookers. (2) Tell them not to start
before I am ready. (3) Let us wait till the clouds
roll away. (4) All he has learnt himself he has
taught his son.
LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS. 11
VII.
1. Give the gender (of nouns), accusative singular,
and full plural of pellis, cinis, tussis, hilaris, vetus,
cassis, calcar, calx, pondus, grandis.
2. Parse and give the meaning of regnanto,
peperi, verebere, expergiscere, nise, afuit, prodis,
iace, fugem.
3. Give the cardinal numbers from 12 to 20, the
ordinals from 16th to 23rd, and the distributives
and numeral adverbs from 6 to 16.
4. What are the principal parts of pungo, bibo,
avello, nitor, digero, consuesco, ordior, edo, constituo,
in video, and fido?
5. What prepositions are required in the follow-
ing phrases: Word for word, do this for me, about
a hundred, for the present, in Livy, by Jove! in
the meantime, at the foot of the hill, towards night,
in front of the camp, according to nature, about the
1st of May?
6. Turn into passive construction: ludimus;
mater puellae librum dat; te sententiam rogamus;
eum capitis damnavit.
7. Put into oratio obliqua: 'Hostes ego neque
vici neque vincere volui; tuum est eorum urbem
expugnare '.
8. Put into Latin: (1) This has happened thrice
in the last few days. (2) None of you pity us.
(3) The angry consul ordered them to be put to
death. (4) He is well spoken of by all the best
people.
12 LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS.
VIII.
1. Decline in full: ager, aeger, agger, acer (2);
comes, coma, comis; virus, verus; ver, vir, vis;
avus, avis, avius; foedus (noun and adjective);
asper, aper.
2. Parse in as many ways as possible: seras,
bello, sine, vivo, teneris, pari, parci, vere, manet,
voces, ferias.
3. What meanings may the comparative and the
superlative have besides that of 'more' and 'most'?
Illustrate your answer.
4. Distinguish: forte, forsitan, fortasse; circa,
circum, circiter; veniam (2), veneam, venam; plebs,
populus; culpa, crimen; sentio, censeo; iuvenis,
adolescens; mulier, femina.
5. Give the principal parts of the verbs from
which the following come: evanui, peracti, excitus,
sprevere, cretus, metire, molltur, molitur, dederis,
stratum, disseris.
6. What kind of verbs are exulo, fio, veneo,
esurio, audeo, mitesco, scriptito ? Give the meanings
of these words.
7. How many Latin words do you know for
water, sea, sword, river, star, world?
8. Put into Latin: (1) It is silly of you to be
vexed by trifles. (2) It was all your doing that
we did not gain the prize. (3) There is no reason
why we should envy you. (4) He thinks he will
be made king.
LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS. 13
IX.
1. Give the stem, gender (of nouns), and ablative
singular of cervix, quadrans, integer, colus, vervex,
apex, pix, nux, remex, abies, satelles, locuples, com-
pos, bipes, heres, deses.
2. What are the principal parts of pando, pendo,
pendeo, edo, edo, lego, lego, tundo, ref ercio, expello,
findo, and consulo?
3. Translate: I will do it for you; I cannot see
for the fog; he fought for his country; to change
war for peace; send for the doctor; love for one's
country; he acted bravely, for a Lydian.
4. Write down the 2nd singular future indie.,
present and imperf. subj. of fero, eo, fio, malo, nolo;
the imperative of eo, nolo, duco, facio, efficio. What
is used for the future infinitive passive of facio ?
5. When would you translate ' anyone ' by quis,
quisquam, quivis, ecquis, respectively?
6. What is the meaning of feriae, fasti, nundinae,
infitiae, exsequiae? How is unus used in the
plural?
7. What is etymologically the meaning of piety,
calculate, govern, prejudice, procrastinate, duplicity,
corroborate ?
8. Put into Latin: (1) The soldiers, who were in
the market-place, rushed to the gate. (2) The
soldiers who were in the market-place rushed to
the gates. (3) Before long I shall go to visit my
brother in Capua.
14: LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS.
X.
1. Give the stem, meaning, gender (of nouns), and
ablative singular and genitive plural of palus, dis-
cors, vates, poema, Simois, Pallas, auceps, inops,
Arabs, flamen, turbo, hirudo, margo, sermo, Hanni-
bal, vigil, exul.
2. What is the Latin for how many, how great,
how few do right, all the money you have, what a
big fire, so many and great dangers, such a good
citizen, somebody will say, he thinks himself some-
body, some trifle or other ?
3. When is nostrum used for the genitive plural
of ego, when nostril
4. What are some of the endings which denote
respectively action, agent, and quality? What is
the force of the endings -etum, -ax, -tas, -osus, -ilis ?
Form adjectives from diu, hodie, nimis, simul, heri,
repente.
5. Give the future participle and an English
derivative of scindo, desisto, parco, nubo, tergeo,
sancio, insilio, elicio, metior, collido, sterno, exquiro,
comminiscor, experior, aboleo, texo, redimo, queror.
6. Translate: bene audit ab omnibus, nil moror,
convenit victos discedere, patriam fugit, multum
mea refert, ripam evadit.
7. Put into Latin: (1) He hopes to be made king.
(2) I hope we are not deceived in this. (3) It seems
to me I have made a mistake. (4) A famous thanks-
giving occurred in the reign of Victoria.
LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS. 15
XI.
1. Give the participle perfect of fatiscor, fateor;
vivo, vinco, vincio; cedo, cado, caedo; haereo, haurio;
mentior, metior, meto; fingo, figo; quaero, queror;
sperno, sterno; tendo, teneo; nanciscor, nascor;
cresco, cerno; seco, sequor.
2. Give the perfect indicative, 3rd plural, of cir-
cumsto, condo, quiesco, exardesco, coalesco, resipisco,
nigresco. When do compounds of do and sto form
their perfect with e, when with i in the penultimate?
3. What are the syncopated forms of surrexisse,
repositis, implevero, novisti, virorum, editis, and the
full forms of noris, sentibat, accestis?
4. Parse: itur, rati, fores, sentis, decori, fide,
necem, generi.
5. Compare egenus, frugi, providus, audacter, and
give the gender and genitive singular of femur,
supellex, nix, praedo, Apollo, vervex.
6. What parts of speech may ' cuius' be? Make
a sentence to illustrate each meaning.
7. Put into Latin: (1) When I see him I shall
make a point of ascertaining his views on this bill.
(2) Be silent that you may hear the better. (3) He
could not help giving vent to his envy. (4) Are
you silly enough to suppose you will prevent his
coming here?
16 LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS.
XII.
1. Give general rules for determining the gender
of a Latin noun by its meaning.
2. Decline throughout dea, Atrides, films, and
deus. Give the vocative singular of Boreas, Claudius,
and the genitive plural of denarius, Argivus, terri-
gena, amphora, and drachma.
3. What was the locative case, and what were its
original endings? Give the Latin for at Tarentum,
at Gades, at Athens, at Carthage.
4. Give the meaning, gender, genitive singular
and plural of arbor, fides, palus (2), honor, grando,
ars, dens, comes, rete, vas.
5. State rules for the formation of the genitive
plural of the 3rd declension. What is the genitive
plural of frons, canis, rex, ci vitas?
6. How do adjectives of the second class (i.e.
which follow the 3rd declension) form their ablative
singular, nominative neuter plural, and genitive
plural? Give these cases of felix, melior, princeps,
and celeber.
7. What old forms of the 1st declension genitive
singular are found? Give instances.
8. Put into Latin: (1) There are as many good
fish in the sea as have ever been caught before.
(2) Some trust in chariots and others in horses.
(3) He came without being asked.
(M450)
LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS. 17
XIII.
1. Form diminutives from rex, blandus, populus,
miser, labrum, pugnus, paucus, opus, ratio, canis,
versus. What do diminutives express, besides
smallness ?
2. Translate: Caesar and his army; the month
of June; at the top of one's speed; to watch the
sky; to go bail for one; in your father's house; he
spoke in a passion; all the wisest men; the first to
speak will be punished; what o'clock is it? in my
opinion.
3. Give instances of cedo, consulo, credo, invideo,
tempero used both transitively and intransitively.
4. Mark the quantities of virium, credidit, noli-
mus, fieri, possumus, sustuli, rediere, reditus, Aeneas,
veritas, divinitus, intus, mulieris, iacere, maneres,
audivisses, barbari, pecudis, fatalis, heroas.
5. Give the principal parts of per-quatio, con-laedo,
de-iacio, per-rego, pro-eo, per-ago, de-habeo, de-cado,
con-habeo, ex-fero.
6. What is the genitive plural of pecus (2) animal,
stirps, quercus, gurges, praes, caupo, aequor, cor,
obses, mollis, armiger, ad vena, robur, fur; and the
ablative singular of inops, dives, maior, neuter,
uber, alacer, ingens, puppis, navis, far, gradus, nix,
supellex ?
7. Put into Latin: (1) The doctor and his brother
treated the wounded most skilfully. (2) He was
informed he must die, and declared he was glad to
hear it. (3) So far from preventing him from
returning, I have sent him back home.
(M450) B
18 LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS.
XIV.
1. Write down the accusative singular of aether,
rhetor, heros, Socrates; the genitive of Sophocles,
Dido; and the ablative of Nereus and Phoebe.
2. What is the nominative and accusative plural
of lampas, heros, and the genitive and ablative
plural of poema?
3. Give the genitive plural of apis, mensis, senex,
canis, iuvenis, and mater. Also of vis, mus, lis,
cohors, civitas, parens, and the ablative singular of
mare, rete, calcar, navis, imber.
4. Point out any peculiarities in the declension
of requies, iugerum, vas (n.), penus, opem, vicem,
fors, and nemo.
5. Parse: perpeti, repente, caelo, nube, servi, hae-
sura, iactura, commenti, duce, mentum, face, feris.
6. What is the English for pietas, honor, tumul-
tus, cesso, f erox, materia, desidero ? The Latin for —
return the books; return home; prosperity, adver-
sity; he succeeded to the throne; his enterprise
succeeded; a horrid crime?
7. Put into Latin: (1) Lucullus was many times
richer than any of his contemporaries. (2) He
asked me for some money to buy bread with. (3)
He is too strong a man to be frightened by trifles.
(4) It was a very silly thing to go barefoot through
the snow.
LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS. 19
XV.
1. Parse: senuit, nexuere, victurus, pelle, generi,
gradere, telis.
2. Give the feminine of Phoenix, iuvencus, avus,
socer, tibicen; and the masculine of capella, anus,
ancilla. Distinguish between vir and homo, patruus
and avunculus, cera and cerse, leporis and leporis.
3. What are epicene nouns? Give examples.
4. Compare dexter, sinister, audax, impius, prae,
secus.
5. What are factitive verbs? Give examples.
6. Form adjectives from aurum, Athenae, diu,
terra, Italia, fatum, sanguis, extra. What is the
Latin for — a man of courage, a sword of iron, the
citizens of Rome, roses of yesterday, to die of disease,
full of water, all of us, of one's own accord ?
7. Give the principal parts of (marking the quan-
tity of the penult in the perfect) tollo, diffindo,
decido, ofiero, fundo, fallo; also the imperative of
iaceo, mentior, expergiscor, deferor.
8. Put into Latin: (1) When you have reached
the top of the hill, turn to the right. (2) If there's
anything to use I'll use it; if not, I can easily go
without. (3) I cannot help thinking we have done
wrong. (4) I rather think he is more talkative
than brave.
20 LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS.
XVI.
1. Conjugate the present indicative active and
passive of fero. What is the meaning of potens?
How do you render 'not being able*? Do you
know any other form of possum, and any other
words meaning ' I am able' ?
2. What peculiarities are there in the conjugation
of fero? Give the 2nd singular present and future
indicative, and present and imperfect subjunctive
active and passive, of fero.
3. Give the present and imperfect subjunctive
and the imperative of fio, nolo, eo.
4. What contractions are there for visne, si vis,
si vultis? What other forms are there of edis, edit,
ederem, editur, edam ? Account for them.
5. What is the English of salve, ave, vale, age,
apage, cedo, cette ?
6. Give a list of impersonal verbs with their
meaning and construction. Conjugate 'I must
play', in Latin.
7. Give instances of deponents which use their
perfect participle both actively and passively.
8. Put into Latin: (1) I thought he was dying.
(2) I knew he would have come if he had been able.
(3) I will prevent them from returning the money.
(4) Whether the king is white or black, he is not a
person we can despise.
LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS. 21
XVII.
1. What are patronymics? Form patronymics
from Aeacus, Tantalus, Perseus, Aeneas.
2. What are the diminutives of flos, bos, avis, rete,
oculus, lapis, catena, signum, pars?
3. Mention adjectives derived from rex, alius,
servus, navis, miles, mare, senex, imperator, Cannae,
Tarentum, Antium.
4. Explain with illustrations the force of the
endings -ax, -bundus, -etum, -men, -fer, -eus, -osus.
5. What are the feminines of Thrax, Ores, Tros,
Phoenix, verres, bos, gallus, gener, verna; and the
masculines of anus, leaena, femina, capella?
6. Mention abstract nouns derived from rex,
servus, testis, cliens, potens, fortis, aeger, novus,
bonus, vir.
7. State in what particulars the conjugation of a
deponent verb differs from that of a passive verb.
How does Latin supply the place of the perfect
participle active?
8. Put into Latin: (1) The general took the city
and set it on fire. (2) The enemy having burnt the
city departed home. (3) Anyone can do this. (4)
What o'clock is it? (5) If he had shown himself
brave, he would still be alive.
22 LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS.
XVIII.
1. What is the force of the termination in dume-
tum, armarium, misellus, diuturnus, rapax, amator,
aegritudo, amabilis, Pelopides, agmen?
2. Parse: satis, poti, seni, farier, fuat, pone, nosti,
exstinxem, repostus, amarunt, rexere.
3. What is the meaning of nedum, scilicet, quippe,
denuo, saltern, parum, nimis, quorsum, and hactenus?
4. Give the infinitive, future perfect indicative,
and future participle of occido, ref ercio, sentio, pasco,
incendo, pendo, occulo, gigno, meto, necto, elicio,
allicio, spargo, tero, resto.
5. Form diminutives from fabula, miser, scutum,
homo, virgo, corona, pars, lapis.
6. Decline in the singular fides, exul, sospes, pubes;
in the plural, vetus, nostras, portus, magistratus.
7. What is the Latin for famous, large, honest,
glorious, crime, fatal, occupy, obtain ? The English
of famosus, largus, honestus, gloriosus, crimen,
f atalis, occupo, obtineo ?
8. Put into Latin: (1) How hard it is to tell when
the fleet is likely to reach harbour. (2) Who is
afraid of their not subduing the barbarians? (3)
Let us inquire of the travellers their destination
and their object in making such a long journey.
(4) That is a proof of the superiority of water over
wine.
LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS. 23
XIX.
1. Conjugate the present indicative and imperfect
subjunctive of orior and potior. Give the meaning
of exulo, vapulo, fisus sum, iuratus, pransus; and
the future participle of orior, morior, moror, and
ordior.
2. Write down the principal parts of paveo, serpo,
pango, incesso, molo, texo, meto, fallo, retundo,
percello, amicio, saepio, sarcio, comperio, gaudeo,
fateor, fatiscor, fido, and concino.
3. Parse: quaesumus, visit, repostus, hauri, teres,
subito, sitis, reris, deris, ventus, and conditus.
4. Give the 1st person singular future indicative
and imperfect subjunctive of the verbs from which
these words come: questus, revinctus, pensum,
mensae, discretus, aptus.
5. Parse: ausit, fuat. Distinguish the uses of
dicit and inquit.
6. What is meant by a periphrastic tense? Give
examples.
7. Translate: (a) Tu recte vivis si curas esse quod
audis. (6) Altero oculo captus. (c) Quotus quisque
est qui me amet.
8. Derive: bruma, integer, humilis, debilis, naufra-
gus, malo, supplex, comburo.
9. Put into Latin: (1) As this is so, let us start.
(2) As I was crossing the bridge I saw your father.
(3) I will do as you bid. (4) The storm is not so
great as I have seen before.
24 LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS.
XX.
1. Make and translate short sentences to illustrate
the use of quisque, quis, quisquam, quivis, quidam,
quicunque, aliquis, and quisquis.
2. Distinguish between ambo, uter, uterque, and
quisque.
3. Form inceptive verbs from ardeo, tremo, durus;
frequentative verbs from rogo, terreo; desiderative
from edo, pario. Give the meaning and principal
parts of the derivative verbs so formed.
4. How many words are there in Latin for ' He
5. What are anomalous verbs? Give an example.
6. Give the 1st person singular of each tense
indicative and subjunctive, and the infinitive and
participle of coepi, odi, memini, with meanings.
What is used as the passive of odi?
7. Conjugate aio in the present indicative and
subjunctive; inquam in the future and perfect
indicative; fari in the present indicative.
8. Put into oratio recta: (1) Dixit se si quid
haberet daturum. (2) Dixit se si quid habuisset
daturum fuisse. (3) Dixit se si quid audiisset
nuntiaturum.
9. Put into Latin: (1) He pretended to fly. (2)
He was the last to reach the goal. (3) The longer
you remain here the worse will the disease be.
(4) He is too powerful to be resisted.
LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS. 25
XXI.
1. Give the principal parts of occulo, aboleo,
adolesco, ordior, pando, paciscor, compesco, per-
petior, pendeo, fingo, ex-plaudo, -exposco, prandeo,
psallo, pingo, rado, repo, salio (2), scisco, sculpo,
scindo, sugo, taedet, tergeo, trudo, vergo. Where
you can, give an English word derived from each
supine.
2. What is the nominative plural of hie, aliquis,
quis, vetus, sospes, ferax, pecus (2), lepus, vis, nos-
tras; the dative and ablative singular of prior,
tigris, Circe, Prusias, paries, dives, torrens; the geni-
tive plural of vates, sedes, penates> parens, and
mensis ?
3. Compare: egenus, beneficus, posterus, vafer,
novus, amabilis, pronus, ingens, ferus, promptus.
4. Decline in full, domus; in the plural only, sus,
quercus, penus, ater, acus, conatus, talentum; in the
singular only, virus, alter, and solus.
5. What sorts of words of the 2nd declension are
feminine? Give six feminines and three neuters.
6. Mention six nouns used in the singular only,
six in the plural only. In what sense is the plural
of vinum, aes, caro,. and nix used?
7. Form adjectives from acer, nix, corpus, lacrima,
servus, mare, Antium, Hispania, and navis.
8. Put into Latin: (1) They sank six men-of-war
before owning themselves beaten. (2) Ask him if
he knows the hour of sunrise. (3) If you repent
your crime you will be pardoned.
26 LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS.
XXII.
1. Mention the genitive and ablative, singular
and plural, of amphora, apis, auspex, ancile, caelicola,
compes, iugerum, merx, nummus, vas (2), vir, vis.
2. Give two or more meanings to each of the
following words, marking the quantity where neces-
sary: acer, fides, rei, solis, late, esse, securis, vadis,
vites, voles, mensis, reliqui.
3. What are the diminutives of homo, mulier,
scutum, parvus, miser? What rule is there for the
gender of diminutives?
4. Write down the future participle of haurio,
haereo, prodo, prodeo, patior, vincio, fero; and the
first singular imperfect subjunctive of do, rapio,
sentio, veto, posco, iaceo, iacio.
5. What is peculiar in the conjugation of do?
What is the rule for forming the perfect of re-
duplicating verbs when compounded with a pre-
position? What exceptions?
6. Compound the following, and give their prin-
cipal parts: con-quaero, con-laedo, con-uro, ab-iacio,
de-cado, ob-caedo, ab-f ero, trans-iacio, per-lacio, sub-
rego.
7. Put into Latin: (1) We have been waiting for
three days. (2) I am convinced the enemy are at
hand. (3) It is said that Homer was blind. (4)
How many are there of you present?
LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS. 27
XXIII
1. Mention some classes of adjectives which do
not compare. Compare gracilis, dexter, potis, and
the adjectives from infra, supra, post, and prae.
2. Form adjectives from aurum, fermm, quercus,
palus, loquor, mons, terra, facio, horreo.
3. Give the Latin for the day of the month and
year on which you are doing this paper, and explain
how the days of the month were reckoned.
4. Give the Latin for 48, 125, 85 a-piece, 300
times, 2000th, 16 each.
5. What is the Latin for: (a) Anyone can do this.
(6) If anyone comes, (c) Don't tell anyone, (d) All
have some talent, (e) Is there any news?
6. Conjugate the imperative passive of rego,
facio, capio; the present subjunctive of possum and
malo; the future perfect of fero and nolo. Mark
the quantity of the penultimate in fieri, possumus,
velitis, haberem, sustuli, impuli, reditis.
7. What is the English of redite, reddite, ferre,
ferris, laturus, esse, esset, fi, fandi, oderis, iura?
8. Put into Latin: (1) What you say is true. (2)
Tell us what you think. (3) What o'clock is it?
(4) They are not so great as they seem.
28 LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS.
XXIV.
1. What words and classes of words in the 1st and
2nd declensions form their genitive plural in -um ?
2. Explain the terms ' heteroclite ' and 'hetero-
geneous' nouns, and give examples. What other
forms are there of vesper, crater, diluvium, penus,
praesepe ?
3. Distinguish in meaning: cerasus, cerasum;
malus, malum; pirus, pirum; and give the plural of
locus, sibilus, Tartarus.
4. Give the meaning in the singular and the
plural of cera, castrum, finis, gratia, opera, pars,
copia, sal, tabula, and epulum; and mention six
words used in the singular only, six in the plural
only.
5. Write down the meaning, gender, genitive
singular and plural of iecur, iter, supellex, iusiur-
andum, and paterfamilias.
6. What are the feminines corresponding to mas,
gener, senex, verna, taurus, verres, haedus, socer,
poeta, leo, Threx, Tros, Laco?
7. What is meant by '-us pure'? Compare stren-
uus, iniquus, diu, carus, igneus.
8. Put into Latin: (1) After a protracted struggle
our men repulsed the enemy. (2) The snow is too
deep to admit of our walking. (3) Are you not
ashamed to have spoken so often?
LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS. 29
XXV.
1. Classify the different kinds of adverbs.
2. How are adverbs formed from adjectives?
Form adverbs from tutus, magnus, bonus, audax,
celer, parvus, and compare them. Also from supplex,
antiquus, omnis, gradus, alius, tot.
3. Give the other degrees of comparison of ocius,
nuper, satis, secus, proxime, intime, minus.
4. Show with examples the difference between
plus and magis.
5. When would you translate 'no longer 'by non
diutius, when by non iam? Put into Latin: This
happens daily. The famine grows worse daily.
We are daily expecting troops. Distinguish between
rursus, iterum; iam, nunc; ante, antea, antequain;
alias, alibi.
6. What are correlatives ? Give instances.
7. Decline in the singular, vitis, vitta, virtus, verus,
virus, aer, aes, palus(2), aequor, equa; in the plural,
partus, pars, portus, salus, saltus, aequus, aequor.
8. Put into Latin: (1) Tell me where you are
going. (2) Tell him to come here. (3) How glorious
it is to die for one's country. (4) The enemy were
advancing as quickly as possible.
30 LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS.
XXVI.
1. Give the gender, ablative singular, and genitive
plural of crus, alvus, nemus, uber, pater, servitus.
2. What are the full forms of amarit, ditiorem,
norunt, repostus, denum talentum, explesti?
3. Give the English of post nostram memoriam,
suffragium ferre, receptui canere, sui arbitrii esse;
vox recti, praetoria navis, post captam urbem,
e sententia navigare.
4. Derive: negotium, intellego, obedio, cogo, nun-
dinae, pergo, egregius, occido, acquire, praetor,
scilicet.
5. Correct the folio wing: Ei hoc facientes poenam
dabunt; Balbus et pater suus adsunt; num scis
quod faciendum est? persuadeor ut hoc faciam;
Roma perventa, nuntia quod accidit; and give
reasons for any changes you make.
6. What id the Latin for 'Caesar's murderers'?
What does 'Caesaris interfectores' mean?
7. Put into oratio recta: (Turnus videt) infractos
esse adverse Marte Latinos, sua nunc promissa
reposci.
8. Put into Latin: (1) He said this to deceive us.
(2) Ask him to come as soon as possible. (3) In the
middle of the road stood a chariot. (4) His father
and mine lived for some years together.
LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS. 31
XXVII.
1. What is the uncontracted form of nauta, surgo,
bruma, prudens, salictum, agmen? What are the
verbs corresponding to spatium, nix, pluvia, aqua,
piscis, poena, sors, custos?
2. Give the cardinal, ordinal, distributive, and
adverbial numeral for 19, 68, 155, 2000, 827, 55,000.
How did the Romans reckon the year? What is
the Latin for B.C. 53; A.D. 153?
3. Give the various meanings of ales, arce, miser-
am, profecto, veteris, aggere, fides, serta, and sui.
Translate: signa ferre, aliquem in oculis fero, iter
ad urbem fert, ferre et agere, animus f ert, palmam
ferre, virtutem prae se ferre, f ama eadem fert, dixisse
fertur, sententiam ferre, rogationem ferre.
4. Parse: osuros, semisse, oriundus, sustulere, des-
titi, itur, ferient, avia, deris, infit, aurium.
5. Put into oratio obliqua: 'Iniussu tuo, imper-
ator, extra ordinem numquam pugnaverim, non si
certam victoriam videam; si tu permittis, volo ego
illi beluae ostendere me ex ea familia ortum quae
Gallos ex rupe Tarpeia deiecit '.
6. Put into Latin: (1) The battle of Cannae was
fought on the 2nd of August, B.C. 216. (2) Who
defeated the French on the 18th of June, 1815?
(3) That house is half as large again as ours.
32 LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS.
XXVIII.
1. What is a preposition? What is peculiar in
the use of tenus and versus? Also of cum with
pronouns ?
2. Which prepositions govern both the accusa-
tive and the ablative, and with what difference of
meaning?
3. Translate: ad unum, apud Livium, apud me
multum valet, inter se diligunt, penes te hoc est,
post hominum memoriam, per me licet tibi, omnes
praeter me, secundum flumen, secundum pugnam,
sub umbras venit, sub lucem, maior in dies, a dextro
cornu, a senatu sto, de republica actum est, de in-
dustria, e sententia, quid in nobis fecit? pro benevo-
lentia tua, unus erat pro exercitu.
4. Put into Latin: Under his leadership. I can
scarcely speak for joy. I feel sure of this. From
the front of the rampart. To deserve well of the
state. From boyhood. At the court of Mithri-
dates. One after another. Your kindness towards
me. Next to heaven I rely on you. I pray you
by the gods. Near Cannae.
5. Is ' venit ad Romam ' good Latin ? How does
it differ from 'venit Romam'? What is the rule for
the use of prepositions with verbs of motion?
6. Put into Latin: (1) They asked my advice as
to whether in acting thus they would be consulting
their own interests. (2) Added to this, he is elo-
quent. (3) Old age is naturally rather talkative.
LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS. 33
XXIX.
1. Give the meaning, gender, genitive singular and
plural of par, later, &cer, marmor, ardor, arbor?
f ulgur, pubes, cinis, Venus, f rigus, foedus, crus, grus,
sol, pulmo.
2. What is the accusative and the ablative singu-
lar of sagax, minor, iuvenis, venter, hastile, rete,
amans, servilis, hebes, prudens, supplex, caries?
3. Mention some heteroclite adjectives and some
that are defective in number or case. Decline in
full plus.
4. Give the comparative and superlative of hu-
milis, utilis, maturus, liber, paratus. Mention four
words to express 'last', and give the Latin for
'You will be the last to arrive'.
5. Add suffixes to ego, tu, suo, ruea, and decline
in the singular istic.
6. In what ways can ' reciprocal ' action be ex-
pressed in Latin ?
7. Write down the cardinal, ordinal, distributive,
and adverbial numeral of 41, 78, 600, 22, 10,000,
13.
8. What is the Latin for 'one house' (aedes),
'two forts', 'three letters', 'six children', 'twenty-
one soldiers'?
9. Put into Latin: (1) He thinks he can still run
fast. (2) He punishes his children to improve their
character. (3) "Where are you going to, pretty maid?"
(4) "I'm going to milk the cows," she answered.
(M450) C
34 LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS.
XXX.
1. Parse in as many ways as possible the follow-
ing words: vis, is, adeo, soli, amare, passus, cretus,
serit, ora, f eris, vita, vites, nostras, menti, rati, f uga,
libro, libris.
2. Distinguish between ver&, vere; luc&, luce;
comes, comes; plSga, plaga; veni, veni; populus,
populus; manet, manet; mane, mane; occidit, occidit;
f re turn, f return; condltus, condltus; lepores, lepores;
pila, plla; paret, paret.
3. What difference in meaning is there between
armi and arma; dolus and dolor; opes and opem;
auris, aura, aurum, ora; appellare and appellere;
ergo, erga, and versus?
4. Distinguish between quattuor, quater, quater-
nus, quartus, quadrus, quartanus, quadrimus, quad-
rans.
5. Write short sentences, and translate them, to
illustrate the difference between quisquam, quisquis,
aliquis, quivis, quisque, uter, uterque.
6. What difference of meaning is there between
'nescio quis loquitur' and 'nescio quis loquatur'?
7. Put into Latin in as many ways as possible:
(1) The general sent officers to explore the neigh-
bourhood. (2) The consul entered the city without
being addressed by anyone. (3) He never saw me
without laughing.
LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS. 35
XXXI.
1. Parse in as many ways as possible and give
the meanings of cane, ferri, generi, memores, orbi,
pugnis, specula, tela, veniam, salis, satis, ara, ero,
noto.
2. Distinguish between seni, seni; vado, vado;
reduces, reduces; nota, nota; misere, misere; latere,
later e; acer, acer; ca"nes, canes; comas, comas; egere,
egere; levis, laevus, levis; labor, labor.
3. What is the difference in meaning between
mors and nex; cruor and sanguis; callidus and
calidus; inimicus and hostis; patria, terra, and rus;
egeo and careo; cogito, existimo, and puto; metuo,
timeo, and vereor ?
4. What is the Latin for 'a mortal wound', 'to
ascend the throne', 'to prove victorious', 'to express
one's sentiments', 'the house in the marsh', 'the
word pleasure', 'the man at the helm'?
5. Distinguish the use and meaning of antea, ante,
antequam; nubo and duco; libertus and libertinus;
alius and alter; dicta dare and verba dare.
6. Give the derivation of regio, arvum, egregius,
exul, bruma, ambitus.
7. Put into oratio obliqua: 'Ne ob earn rem aut tuae
magno opere virtuti tribueris aut nos despexeris'.
8. Put into Latin: (1) The crafty Antony stirred
up the common people. (2) When are they likely
to come ? I would say if I knew. (3) He is worthy
to be loved. (4) I was not the man to act unjustly.
36 LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS.
XXXII.
1. Decline in the singular gener, miles, coniunx,
celer; and in the plural mare, nox, vas, dives. Give
the genders of arbor, fides, honor, orbis, virtus, as,
finis, margo, legio.
2. Compare: cito, facilis, frugi,grandis,prope,tener.
3. Decline in the singular quilibet, alius; in the
plural ego, alter.
4. Write out the perfect indicative of prodo; the
pluperfect subjunctive of nolo; the imperative active
of duco. Give the principal parts of arcesso, augeo,
proficiscor, retineo, veto.
5. Parse: laberis, vellet, usam, oderit, nosse, fili.
6. What is the construction of verbs of threaten-
ing? Explain the term 'ablative absolute'. Give
examples of each.
7. Explain the construction of: (a) Parcere victis
est victoris. (b) lit mulieri servitum. (c) Os um-
erosque deo similis.
8. Correct the errors in: (1) Imperatus sum hoc
facere. (2) Si eum vides, quaere si hie venturus
est. (3) Gaius et suus frater non sunt digni credi.
9. Put into Latin: (1) I sent some men to ask for
money. (2) I fear I shall not see him. (3) Go
home: after so many and so great labours you need
rest. (4) Let us ask him why he did not tell the
truth.
LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS. 37
XXXIII
1. Decline in the singular lacus, merces, ebur; in
the plural vir, salus, volnus. Give the ablative
plural of filia and coniux, and the gender of nemus,
humus, piscis, seges, crinis.
2. Write down the other degrees of comparison
of acer, iuvenis, plurimum, nequam, humiliter,
proxime.
3. Decline throughout all genders iste, celer in
the singular; par, quidam in the plural.
4. Write out the imperative of sum; the present
indicative passive of fero; and give the first per-
son singular perfect indicative active and the supine
of lavo, quaero, reperio, cognosce.
5. Parse the following words, giving the principal
parts of each verb, the gender and genitive singular
of each noun: ablatam, trivere, foedere, inquitis,
alas, alas, feris (2).
6. What cases are found with miser eor, rogo,
accuso, indulgeo, potior, indignus? Illustrate.
7. Translate (explaining the syntax of italicized
words): (1) Quot annos Athenis habitavit? (2)
Haec sibi curae esse respondit. (3) Scisne quanti
hortos emeriti (4) Auxilii ferendi causa pro-
ficiscitur.
8. Put into Latin: (1) To be happy we have need
of virtue. (2) The next day he repented his crime.
(3) Tell me whom you saw at Comum. (4) Caesar
is too strong to be defeated.
38 LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS.
XXXIV.
1. Decline in the singular dies, aper, onus; in the
plural nix, ordo, genu. Give the dative plural of
vis and eques, and the gender of cor, virtus, virus,
amnis, robur.
2. Compare utilis, diu, aeger, male, infra, benevo-
lus.
3. Decline in full aliquis; celeber in the singular;
duo, atrox in the plural.
4. Parse (giving the principal parts of each verb,
the gender and genitive singular of each noun):
aperi, manui, subegistis, memento, velis, velis.
5. How are verbs that govern the dative used in
the passive ? Mention three verbs that govern the
genitive, the dative, and the ablative respectively.
6. What cases are used with coram, tenus, prae?
Make short sentences to illustrate.
7. Translate and explain the construction of the
italicized words: (1) Terribiles visu formae. (2)
Velim has litteras scribas. (3) Edocet quot viro-
rum morte constiterit victoria.
8. Put into Latin: (1) He was followed by fifteen
slaves, all of whom he had captured a few days
before. (2) He called Balbus and warned him not
to stay at Rome. (3) When shall you and I enjoy
leisure again?
LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS. 39
XXXV.
1. Give (a) the genitive singular of ales, servitus,
pauper; (b) the ablative plural of dea, gurges,
laurus; (c) the comparative and superlative of
audacter, gracilis, sapiens.
2. Distinguish between the meanings of quisquis
and quisque; opem and opes; paro, pario, and pareo;
queror and quaero.
3. Explain the construction of: (a) Cave sis niemor
eius virtutum. (b) Sol est multis partibus maior
luna. (c) Exercitu tria millia passuum progressus
est.
4. Parse: egeris, ablato, seniori, memento, tene,
serius, torques.
5. Give the principal parts of gigno, tango, orior,
cresco, coquo, nequeo, repello.
6. Write out the present subjunctive of suadeo;
the future indicative of morior; the three participles
of reperio.
7. What are the meanings and constructions of
miseret, rogo, licet, fretus? Give examples.
8. Explain with examples: cognate accusative,
ablative absolute, consecutive clause, ethic dative,
dative of person judging.
9. Put into Latin: (1) Tell me why you have
come. (2) I hope you will spare your son. (3)
You should look before you leap. (4) Are you not
ashamed of the crime you have committed?
40 LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS.
XXXVI.
1. Give (a) the genitive singular of compos, alius,
Aeneas, praeceps; (6) genitive plural of comes,
domus, urbs; (c) comparative and superlative of
diu, providus, saluber.
2. Distinguish between the meanings of littera
and litterae; gratia and gratiae; aedes (singular) and
aedes (plural); culpa, scelus, crimen; omnes, cunctus,
uni versus, totus; puto, cogito; lacertus, lacerta; hor-
ror, timor.
3. Decline: paterfamilias, iste, ambo, quisque, and
alteruter.
4. Parse: quemquam, patere, securim, solvere, orbi.
5. Give the principal parts of tollo, frango, sono,
nolo, soleo. Conjugate the present subjunctive of
malo; future indicative of utor; imperfect subjunc-
tive of fero, fio, eo, and iacio.
6. Explain the case or mood of: (a) Quid mihi
Celsus agit? (b) Mutare pacem bello. (c) Nihil
est quod tarn miseros facial quam impietas. (d)
Solito maior numerus.
7. Illustrate by short sentences the construction
of refert, coram, quamvis, quippe.
8. Put into Latin: (1) The temple is two miles
away from the city. (2) Wait till I come. (3) He
replied that he would have gone away unless I had
forbidden him.
LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS. 41
XXXVII.
1. Give the gender and genitive plural of compes,
socrus, iuger, heros, mus, scriba; the accusative
singular and nominative plural of ipse, quivis, celer;
the comparative and superlative of providus, con-
stans, post, dexter.
2. Give perfect, infinitive, and supine of veneo,
iuro, statuo, teneo, dissentio; future simple of fio;
present subjunctive of reor; and all the infinitives
and participles of utor.
3. Parse and give the meanings of f erris, verberes,
ieris, latere, moriere, torque, and dedit.
4 How do you express in Latin — wish, quality,
agent, comparison? Make short sentences in illus-
tration.
5. What are the meanings and constructions of
the following words: prae, consulo, quisquam, licet,
num, minor, persuadeo?
6. Give instances of desiderative, inceptive, fre-
quentative verbs, and explain their formation.
7. Put into Latin: (1) By the laws of Sulla no
tribune was allowed to become consul. (2) I am
afraid you will repent of your folly too late. (3)
Which of the two women do you love? I should
prefer to marry neither.
42 LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS.
XXXVIII.
1. Give the gender and genitive of pinus, supel-
lex, vim en, lepus, abies, socer, bos, latus; the com-
parative of nequam, exiguus, velox, magnopere;
the superlative of malus, aeger, multus, facile.
2. Give the perfect infinitive and supine of pasco,
tono, tollo, haurio, tondeo; the 2nd singular in all
tenses of nolo; the 2nd singular imperfect indica-
tive and subjunctive of possum and potior.
3. Parse and give the English of prodest, ineunte,
utrivis, effossi, scelere, tribui, novi, nube.
4. Give three examples each of nouns: (1) used
only in the plural; (2) changing their meaning in
the plural; (3) defective in case.
5. Show by examples the cases governed by
desum, poenitet, potior, opus est, celo, circumdo.
6. When do cum, dum, and qui take the sub-
junctive? Construct sentences in illustration.
7. Translate into Latin: (1) He begged that the
enemy might be spared. (2) He says he will return
home. (3) He hoped that Carthage would have
been destroyed. (4) It cannot be denied that he
has used his time foolishly.
LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS. 43
XXXIX.
1. Give the ablative singular, genitive plural, and
gender of vis, vir, mare, miles, nix, facinus, iubar,
deses, mas.
2. What is the comparative of malus, pulcher,
parvus, and the superlative of similis, inferus,
multus, velociter?
3. Give the perfect infinitive and supine of fingo,
scindo, tero, iubeo, pello, sono; the 1st person imper-
fect subjunctive of eo and volo; the 2nd person
singular imperative of ingredior, dico, efficio.
4. Show by examples the cases governed by im-
pero, caveo, placeo, iuvo, noceo, consulo, plenus, sup-
pedito, dignus, tenus.
5. Parse and give the English of oblitus, iaceret,
diutius, querar, conferti, ferite, noceri, soceri, pares.
6. Distinguish between is and ille, qui and quis,
alius and alter, vendo and veneo, severis and seVeris,
callis and calles, fasti and fastus.
7. What cases are used to express time and place ?
Give examples.
8. Translate into Latin: (1) They said nobody
would be able to help him. (2) What does it matter
to you what harm he does himself ? (3) The Volsci
lost the best city they had. (4) I am not the man
to do this.
44 LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS.
XL.
1. Give the genitive singular of filius, nix, cinis,
sus, totus, superstes; the genitive plural of mons,
nummus, pauper; the comparative of senex, magno-
pere; and the superlative of facilis, mutus, novus,
antiquus.
2. Decline vulgus, dives, tres, vetus, olus, dos,
arundo, Apollo, vervex.
3. Parse: inquam, quoque, parsum, humi, iure-
iurando, deme.
4. (a) Give the meaning and principal parts of
tango, audeo, vivo, iuvo, comperio, operio, tego, sterno,
aboleo, sino, cieo. (6) Conjugate the present sub-
junctive of volo, imperfect subjunctive of patior,
present indicative of possum, and give all the tenses
of the infinitive of fero.
5. Construct short sentences to show how you
can express in Latin — (a) purpose, (6) time during
which, (c) price.
6. What construction do you use with oportet,
vereor, dum, sub, posthabeo, circumdo?
7. Classify the chief uses of the dative case.
8. Put into Latin: (1) He is too sensible to do
that. (2) It is now sixty years since he died. (3) I
hope he will go away before I return. (4) Would I
had been able to help him !
LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS. 45
XLI.
1. Give the first person plural future and imper-
fect indicative of possum, gero, pereo, saevio, oro,
queror, sperno.
2. Give the genitive singular and plural of nubes,
parens, opus, cassis, grates, quercus, sermo.
3. Write out the singular of is, celer, domus,
supellex.
4. Parse and give the meaning of nivem, ele-
phantis, sceleri, paludi, doli, mori, quoque, clavi,
crevi, rueris, palus, semisse, talis.
5. Give an example of an impersonal verb, a
deponent verb, a defective verb, a semi- deponent
verb, and an intransitive verb.
6. Give examples of the construction of quin,
dum, ne, poenitet, interest, licet, pertinet.
7. Write short sentences to illustrate the differ-
ence in use and meaning between post, postea, and
postquam; ibi, ubi, unde, and quo; hie, hue, and hinc;
quantus, qualis, and quot.
8. Put into Latin: (1) If he were made consul, I
should go to Capua. (2) Unless you had forgiven
me I should never have returned. (3) I asked her
to come when she could. (4) I will send the biggest
book I have.
46 LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS.
XLII.
1. Write down (a) the gender and genitive singular
of seges, silex, career, tibicen, olor; (6) comparative
and superlative of sacer, dives, saepe, velox; (c) prin-
cipal parts of corripio, sterno, texo, tollo, metior;
(d) cases governed by super, instar, circum, ob.
2. Give the Latin for — March 15, 1897; where do
you come from? how old are you? blind of an eye;
it is said that he is a sailor; the battle of Cannae;
many men, many minds.
3. Explain and illustrate by examples (a) dativus
commodi, (6) accusative of duration of time, (c) in-
ceptive verb, (d) reflexive pronoun.
4. Give with examples the usual constructions of
muto, ignosco, moneo, desino, caveo.
5. Explain — heres ex asse, consul suffectus, ver
sacrum, dies nefastus, triarii, appellatio, lustrum.
6. Parse in as many ways as possible: ora, vis,
auri, latere, mane, vere, leges, indices, teres, parti,
salis, nares.
7. Put into Latin: (1) He ordered the sailors not
to go so near the shore. (2) I hope to be able to
accomplish the work. (3) The load was too heavy
to bear. (4) Pompey must spare Metellus.
LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS. 47
XLHI.
1. Give (a) the nominative singular of corda,
heroum, ora, grandine; (6) dative singular of nux,
iecur, porticus, Aeneas; (c) genitive plural of lex,
dies, vis, animal; (d) ablative plural of equa, duplex,
iugerum, princeps; (e) gender of grex, laurus, Hadria,
caro, comes.
2. Give the principal parts of tondeo, adicio, con-
tundo, seco, perfero, surgo, concino, repo, sperno.
3. What is the Latin for— 18 days, 5000 men,
they hate one another, the fifth hour, three apples
apiece, whichever, my own wish?
4. Show, with an example of each, the case re-
quired after a verb of teaching, an adjective of want,
prope, piget, and the mood after quamvis, postea-
quam, persuadeo, licet, veto.
5. Write a full account of the uses of dum, quin,
nisi.
6. Explain the expressions — vir consularis, tri-
clinium, praetor peregrinus, tribuni militum, de caelo
servare.
7. Put into Latin: (1) He was his own enemy
rather than mine. (2) She could not tell me whether
my brother had favoured the party of Caesar or
not. (3) In spite of your opposition he was elected
consul yesterday.
48 LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS.
XLIV.
1. Write down (a) the gender and genitive singular
of incus, cos, nix, crus, arcus, latro; (6) meaning and
comparative of audacter, iuvenis, dives, hilaris;
(c) principal parts of fingo, meto, torreo, aufero,
pario, tero, nanciscor, accedo.
2. Give the Latin for — in my power, as far as the
knees, I am believed, three camps, at nightfall, three
times, Dec. 10th.
3. Give one clear instance to explain the con-
struction of impero, rogo, quippe qui, damno, expers,
oportet, spero, impero.
4. In what ways may (1) a purpose, (2) a wish,
be expressed in Latin? Give instances.
5. Explain the following words and phrases —
tribus praerogativa, intercedere, supplicatio, rostra,
novus homo, latus clavus.
6. Parse the following words — ancipiti, vellera,
solius, ovilibus, coalueris, accingi, perlegas, mares.
7. Put into Latin: (1) This burden is far heavier
than I can bear. (2) It is not all up with us yet:
let those laugh that win. (3) There were some who
thought that the enemy might have been resisted
before he reached the walls. (4) He is an object
of universal hatred.
LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS. 49
XLV.
1. Write down (a) the gender and genitive singular
of caespes, dos, acus, cortex, nauta, pelagus, genus,
and caro; (6) meaning and comparative of diu,
rapax, munificus, vetus; (c) principal parts of lavo,
sepelio, ordior, frango, caedo, gigno, meto; (d) mean-
ing of and cases governed by erga, apud, prae, penes.
2. Give the Latin for — any you will, three apiece,
July 20th, 4000 soldiers, by the gods, unsuccessfully,
in my opinion, towards evening.
3. Give instances to show the meaning and con-
struction of poenitet, potior, circumdo, quisquam,
moneo.
4. Classify, with instances, the various meanings
of ut and quam.
5. Explain the following words and phrases:
libros adire, atrium, lectisternium, sportula, Tulli-
anum, provocatio.
6. Turn into oratio obliqua: 'Habetis libertatem,
Campani, quam petistis: foro medio, videntibus
vobis, ego vinctus ad mortem rapior. Ite obviam
Hannibali, exornate urbem.'
7. Put into Latin: (1) Do not do this, for if you
did it you would be wrong. (2) What have I done
to deserve so great a punishment as this ? (3) They
want to persuade me it is my interest to say who
can be believed.
(M450) D
50 LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS.
XLVI.
1. Decline in the singular humus, iter, radix; in
the plural res, frigus, nepos. Write down the
dative plural of comes and bos; and the gender of
pestis, rnel, marmor, ignis, tellus.
2. Give the other degrees of comparison of hu-
milis, idoneus, proxime, liber, graviter, posterus.
3. Decline in the singular alius, ater; in the
plural idem, dives.
4. Write out the present subjunctive of nolo; the
imperfect subjunctive of fio. Give the 1st person
perfect indicative of cresco, proficiscor, mico, tendo.
5. Parse, giving the principal parts of verbs, the
gender and genitive of nouns: quaesivero, sustulis-
tis, reges, reges, iureiurando, coepisse.
6. What constructions are used with verbs of
fearing? What cases are used with suadeo, utor,
taedet, polliceor?
7. Explain the construction of: (1) Consul, ne
segnis sederet, quinque millia militum ad urbem
oppugnandam misit. (2) Respondit Fulvius se,
quae consule absente acta essent, fama iam audi-
visse.
8. Put into Latin: (1) There is nothing to hinder
you from speaking the truth. (2) He was accused
of theft and very nearly condemned. (3) We must
spare the man who has saved our city.
LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS. 51
XLVIL
1. Give the gender and dative singular of arctus,
nurus, mus; vocative and ablative singular of
domus and liber; genitive plural of canis and prin-
ceps; and the other degrees of comparison of nequam,
senex, celeber, tutissime, audacter.
2. Give the first person singular perfect indica-
tive and imperfect subjunctive active and the
supine of fero, nolo, perspicio, rapio, sino, suadeo,
sustineo, texo, veto, vincio.
3. (a) Give the meaning of quisquis, quivis, ali-
quis, quisquam. Construct and translate sentences
in illustration. (6) Translate: (1) He was the first
to arrive. (2) A ditch four feet broad. (3) He
takes from Cicero what he gives to Caesar.
4. Translate, remarking on the construction of
words in italics: (1) Quanti emptum est? Parvo.
(2) Caesar Aeduos frumentum quod polliciti essent
flagitabat. (3) Suo cuique iudicio utendum est.
(4) Suos hortatur ut fortem animum gererent.
5. What compounds of cado have a supine, and
what is their supine? What is the perfect of com-
pounds of cano?
6. Put into Latin: (1) I saw him the day before
he died. (2) You ask me what advice I give. (3)
I have no doubt he will come. (4) The later the
better.
52 LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS.
XLVIII.
1. Decline in the singular dies, aper, onus; in the
plural nix, ordo, genu. Give the dative plural of
vis, eques, and the gender of cor, virtus, virus,
amnis, robur.
2. Write down the other degrees of comparison
of utilis, diu, aeger, male, imus, benevolus.
3. Decline in the singular aliquis, celeber; in the
plural duo, atrox.
4. Write out the imperfect subjunctive of sequor,
the perfect subjunctive active of fero, and give the
1st person perfect indicative of condo, fingo, audeo,
verto.
5. Parse aperi, manui, subegistis, memento, velis,
velis, conferti, insignis.
6. Mention three verbs which are used with the
ablative, three with the genitive. Show how verbs
that take a dative are used in the passive.
7. Translate and explain the construction of the
words in italics: (1) Terribilis auditu sonus. (2)
Triste lupus stabulis. (3) Illud animal quern vocamus
hominem. (4) Edocet quanto usuifuerit res nostris.
8. Put into Latin: (1) He was followed by fifteen
slaves, all of whom he had captured a few days
before. (2) He called Balbus and warned him not
to stay at Rome. (3) I was afraid of his being
angry with me. (4) When shall you know if you
have obtained the command?
LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS. 53
XLIX.
1. Give the gender and genitive singular of domus,
tus, deus, career, carbasus, mos, ordo, abies.
2. Write down the perfect and supine active of
colo, maneo, pando, surgo, pareo, veneo, laedo, deleo.
3. Translate (noting instances of ambiguous
meaning): uti, usui, utri, fandi, passus, indices, vires,
vapulare, verbera.
4. Give and translate Latin sentences illustrating
the uses of quamvis and quamquam; the meanings
of clam and prae; the cases governed by coram and
tenus.
5. Translate (explaining the construction of the
words in italics): (a) Id se fatetur dolere, quod me
caruerit. (6) Nolo cautum quod mentiendo sit caven-
dum. (c) Stultis minitabar nisi didicissent.
6. Turn into oratio obliqua: 'Vestrum iter,
milites Romani, omnia saecula laudibus ferent: sed
ad conspiciendam virtutem luce opus est, nee vos
digni estis quos in castra reduces nox tegat. Hie
lucem quieti opperiamur.'
7. Put into Latin: (1) If to-morrow you dislike
(poenitet) this place, you will move. (2) I begged
him not to hurt anyone. (3) We will strive to do
good to as many as possible.
54 LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS.
1. Give the gender and genitive singular of ven-
ter, rete, nux, ebur, silex, caespes, merces, olus, abies.
2. Compare fertilis, dubius, prope, frugi, taeter,
utilis.
3. Write down the following: (a) 3rd person plural
imperfect subjunctive of nequeo. (6) 2nd person
plural imperative of memini. (c) 1st person singu-
lar future perfect indicative of capesso. (d) Future
participle of odi. (e) 2nd singular imperfect sub-
junctive of mereor.
4. What constructions follow egeo, taedet, abdo,
posco? In what constructions may intransitive
verbs take an accusative?
5. Illustrate the uses of ut and ne after verbs of
fearing.
6. Put into idiomatic Latin the italicized words
in: (a) He was tried before a judge. (b) The day
after I left you. (c) This book is the same as that.
(d) He came to the aid of his friend, (e) We have
too little faitfi. (/) Have you seen Rome? Yes.
(g) Is this true? Not at all. (h) How few there
are who do right !
7. Point out some of the chief differences between
the use of the infinitive in Latin and in English.
8. Put into Latin: (1) We once feared we should
not live; we now fear to live. (2) Would we had
either been silent or had spoken the truth ! (3) So
far was he from repenting of his crime that he
actually boasted of it.
LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS. 55
EL
1. Decline together foedum scelus, acer senex,
annosa quercus.
2. Give the genders of alvus, arbor, collis, fons,
f rons, ordo, porticus, pelagus, sal, ver.
3. Write down the principal parts of aboleo,
caveo, cubo, divide, figo, fingo, refercio, vinco, and
vincio.
4. Distinguish between venis, venis; terSs, teres;
populus, populus; vires, vires; voces, voces. What
is the meaning of familia, honestus, occupare, pro-
babilis, and securus in classical authors?
5. Illustrate by examples the use of aut and vel,
qui and quis, ut and quo, sive and utrum.
6. Explain the cases in — Tres viri reipublicae
constituendae; cuius es sapientiae, non erras; fies
nobilium tu quoque fontium; genas lacrimis per-
fusa decoras.
7. Put into Latin: (1) He resolved to send 10,000
picked men to attack the town. (2) I prefer a
hundred deaths to such dishonour. (3) The hill
was surrounded by a ditch more than 50 feet wide.
(4) It makes a great difference whether you act
deliberately or on the spur of the moment. (5) He
only deserves to be praised who prefers duty to
expediency. (6) He did not tell me when he would
return, but promised to write.
56 LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS.
LII.
1. Decline throughout the singular: vas (2), os (2),
aes, tus, paries, palus (m.), pecus (£.), marking the
quantity of doubtful syllables.
2. Write down (a) the supine in -um of ab-
scindo, haereo; (6) the present infinitive, active and
passive, of arcesso; (c) the present infinitive of pro-
gredior; (d) the future participle of vincio.
3. Name three verbs which have a perfect form
but a present meaning. What meaning has the
pluperfect of such verbs?
4. What are the different ways of expressing
purpose in Latin? Is the infinitive ever used to
express purpose?
5. Explain the different meanings of per, prae,
pro, both when used simply and when used in com-
pounds.
6. In how many ways can the English 'should'
be rendered in Latin? Write short sentences to
illustrate your answer.
7. In what way are the following defective:
aio, inquam, nemo, odi? How would you reader
' I am hated by you ' ?
8. Put into Latin: (1) He is more fool than
knave. (2) I would not give that for his opinion!
(3) He is not the man I took him for. (4) He said
he would have come had he not been prevented.
LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS. 57
LIU.
1. Decline together in the singular utra domus,
quodque iusiurandum; in the plural pernix avis,
vis iuvenilis.
2. Give the principal parts of the verbs from
which the following coine: emensus, refertus, re-
fixus, tortus, perculsus, peremptus.
3. Distinguish the senses of aequus, aequalis;
arma, armus; malus, malus; oblltus, oblitus; parum,
parvum; talis, talis.
4. Translate: (a) He could not speak for grief.
(6) I am setting out for Athens, (c) Thirst for
gold, (d) To die for one's country, (e) He sold
his country for gold.
5. Correct all the faults in the following: (a)
•Indignus est qui credatur. (6) Veni ad Romam ut
aedem Ciceronis videam. (c) Rogavi quantos fa-
mulos (how many servants) cum se adduxerat.
(d) Nil mihi ref ert ubi asinum perdidistis.
6. Construct sentences introducing (a) an imper-
sonal passive verb, (6) a double dative, (c) a geni-
tive of quality, (d) an accusative of respect, (e) an
ablative of price.
7. Put into Latin: (1) It is not everyone who
can face danger with calmness. (2) Brutus denied
that he was ashamed of having killed Caesar. (3)
Would that I had died before seeing the city
burnt ! (4) It is hard to understand how it happens
that so few are content with their lot.
58 LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS.
LIV.
1. Give the present and the perfect infinitive of
assentior, metior, paciscor, expergiscor, experior;
and the perfect indicative and supine of ardeo,
lavo, pasco, sero, vincio.
2. What is the meaning in classical Latin of
aspiro, compello, mortalis, opprimo, persona, honos,
succedo, sollennis?
3. Quote or construct sentences to illustrate the
difference between amoenus and iucundus, nitidus
and splendidus, careo and egeo, simulo and dis-
simulo.
4. Translate: (a) He made a speech without
persuading the jury. (6) Hardly a day passes
without his visiting me. (c) He was condemned
without being heard. (d) Condemned without
cause. (e) He returned without effecting his
purpose. (/) He stood without the walls.
5. Explain the construction of — (a) Vade salu-
tatum Perillam. (6) Is est qui reipublicae potius
quam sibi consulat. What would consulit mean?
(c) Vidi quantus erat fusum tellure cruenta.
What would esset fusiis mean ?
6. Put into Latin: (1) He returned to his camp at
Gergovia on the 7th July. (2) He is too kind to
vent his anger on the helpless. (3) The further
you sail from England the nearer you get to France.
(4) The more our pleasures cost us the more anx-
ious we are to purchase them.
LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS. 59
LV.
1. Write down the English, gender, and nomin-
ative plural of acus, collis, calix, dens, mons,
pelagus, pes, porticos, rudens, sidus.
2. What is the meaning of the singular and the
plural of copia, sal, hortus, littera, opera, pars?
3. What constructions are used with emo, pendo,
decet, iuvat, libet, propter, sub, and super?
4. Distinguish (giving examples) the uses of
utrum and sive, ne and ut non, utinam with pre-
sent and with past subjunctive.
5. Translate the following: (a) No day passed
without his coming. (6) Instead of being true, it is
not even possible, (c) Instead of listening, he was
singing, (d) What is history but fable? (e) I can-
not but weep. (/) He all but expired.
6. Write notes on the syntax of — (a) Sunt qui non
habeant, est qui non curat habere. (b) Urbem quam
statuo vestra est. (c) Animos nil magnae laudis
egentes. (d) Hoc mihi cordi est.
7. Put into Latin: (1) I hope the news will prove
true, but I rather think it is false. (2) "Who
knows," he used to ask, " whether death is a sleep
or the beginning of another life?" (3) I am tired
of speaking so often on so trite a subject.
60 LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS.
LVI.
1. Write down the dative plural of dea, eques,
seges; the ablative singular of turbo, felix, robur;
the gender of acus, career, myrtus, pecten.
2. Give the perfect indicative and the future
participle of retundo, sino, mulceo, concino, cogo,
como, exquiro, redeo, tendo, pingo.
3. State the distinction in use between the two
supines.
4. What are the ordinary constructions of gnarus,
dignus, opus est, interest, posco, minari, abundo?
5. Give the cardinal, ordinal, and distributive
numerals from 1 to 10; and the same for 20, 30,
300, 600, 1000.
6. Correct the following if necessary: (a) Ne
me tua facinora cela. (6) Novum carmen poscor.
(c) Aedes struxit ad colendum deos. (d) Opus fuit
Hirtio convento. (e) Cras ad rus proficiscor.
7. Explain the case in: (1) Sedet aeternumque
sedebit. (2) Quid tibi hanc tactio est? (3) Sese
Caesari ad pedes proiecerunt. (4) Me libente eripies
mihi hunc errorem.
8. Put into Latin: (1) Twice two are four. (2)
Gaius expected to be heir to the whole property,
but he was heir to three-fourths only. (3) The
issue of the war was different from what had
been expected. (4) The general was advised not
to begin the engagement.
LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS. 61
LVII.
1. Give the gender and genitive singular and
plural of obses, merces, abies, lis, semis, pulvis, anas,
vas.
2. Give the nominative plural and the meaning
singular and plural of opera, balneum, castrum,
locus, carbasus.
3. Compare senex, nequarn, frugi, malevolus,
dives, nobilis, pigre, facile.
4. Write down the third person plural of all
tenses of adeo, volo, fio, edo, aufero.
5. Mark quantities of libido, diffidens, consulo,
coepere, fieri, incedet, arbores, auctore, abiuro, colloco.
Distinguish paret, paret; liber, liber; placet, placet;
sedet, sedet; cedo, cedo.
6. Show by examples the use of quominus, potissi-
mum, seu, neu, ceu, utique.
7. Explain the case in — (1) Agebat consilio',
(2) Mollitia animi officia deserunt: the mood and
case in — (3) Me caecum qui haec ante non viderim;
(4) Dum ne tibi molestus videar, non laboro.
8. Put into Latin: (1) It was of great importance
to Pompey that corn should be sold cheap. (2) It
seems he was born at Tusculum and lived many
years at Syracuse. (3) Whether he intended it or
not he has harmed the Conservative party. (4)
You may give the book to any one of the boys,
only see that he takes it home at once.
62 LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS.
LVIII.
1. Translate: Res ei male cesserunt; familiar! ter
uti aliquo; navem appellere; gratias agere, gratiam
habere; ubi terrarum est? vir trium litterarum; res
repetundae; aeger animi; in sententiam ire; con-
sertis manibus; eo impudentiae venit; praesto esse.
2. What is the Latin for — Lost to shame; to bring
an action against a man; to repeal a law; how few
there are who...; wholesale slaughter; many times
bigger; so far from loving I hate him; gentlemen
of the jury; to hire; to put to death without a
trial; to borrow money; to go bankrupt; to take to
politics; to go to the Bar; statesmen; a paragon
of virtue; to achieve one's purpose; the tongue of
envy?
3. Give the meaning of soli (2), soli; leges (2),
leges; suls, suis; teretis, teretis, teritis; territis,
terretis; mole, mole; mtfra, mora, more; bidens,
tridens; vita (2), vite; florS, flore; manes (2), manes;
sails, salis; mentis, mentis; iacet, iaciet; teges, teges.
4. 'Aio te, Aeacida, Romanes vincere posse';
'nobis parentibus est parendum'. Write again so
as to remove the ambiguity.
5. Put into Latin: (1) The murder of Caesar
proved to be the destruction of freedom. (2) Would
that he had proved a juster king! (3) What was I
to do? I had nothing to give.
LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS. 63
LIX.
1. Give rules for composite agreement (i.e. where
a word agrees with more than one other word) as
to number and gender.
2. What is the Latin for — (a) Both the man and
the woman are good; (6) Gaius and Balbus were
good men; (c) the oak and the elm are tall by
nature; (d) honours and riches are to be sought
for?
3. In what person is the verb when its subjects
are of different persons? Translate: You and I
were present. He and you were present. He and
I were present.
4. Does the relative always agree with its ante-
cedent in gender? What is the Latin for — Thebes,
which was the capital of Boeotia?
5. Point out and explain peculiarities of agree-
ment in: (a) Magna pars vulnerati sunt. (6) Capita
coniurationis caesi sunt. (c) Ipse dux cum aliquot
principibus capiuntur. (d) ludice, quo nosti,
populo.
6. Translate: facere minimi, fac eum potuisse,
facere ludos, dictum ac factum; si quid eo factum
sit, quam spem habeas?
7. Put into Latin: (1) My sheep are bigger than
those of the farmers. (2) Those wishing to be
present give in their names. (3) I have acted thus
for your sake alone. (4) I am giving you the only
thing I have.
64 LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS.
LX.
1. Define a complex sentence. Name the three
kinds of subordinate clauses with an example of
each.
2. Classify the following clauses: (1) Rogavit
quis essem. (2) (Fieri potest) ut creetur consul.
(3) (Timeo) ne moriar. (4) (Demens est) qui hoc
facit. (5) (Demens est) qui hoc faciat. (6) Si
potero (faciam).
3. Give instances of seven different kinds of
adverbial clause.
4. Explain the difference between ne, nonne, and
num in questions.
5. What particles are used in alternative ques-
tions? What is the Latin for — (1) Do you know
this? (2) You know this, don't you? (3) You
don't know this, do you?
6. Show by examples that the relative pronoun
often does the work of a conjunction.
7. Give the gender, meaning, and genitive singular
of satelles, praeses, pollex, stercus, and pagus; and
the meaning and principal parts of velo, urgeo,
algeo, molior, delitesco and struo.
8. Put into Latin: (1) Come here and see how
many have been destroyed. (2) They all lay with
their faces to the foe and with a fierce expression.
(3) Whether he is a Roman or a foreigner he shall
not command us.
LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS. 65
LXI.
1. Define ' case '. Explain and give instances of
the accusative of extent, and the cognate accusa-
tive.
2. What is the origin of the future infinitive
passive, as in ' audio multos interf ectum iri ' ? How
else might the same meaning be expressed ?
3. What verbs govern a double accusative, and
what is their construction in the passive?
4. Explain the use of the accusative in the
following: (a) 0 impudentiam hominis! (6) Nee
vox hominem sonat. (c) Maximam partem lacte
vivunt. (d) Unum exuta pedem vinclis. (e) Fossa
tres pedes lata. (/) Si quid offenderit, sibi totum,
tibi nihil offendit. (g) Naucratem, quern convenire
volui, in navi non erat. (h) Tuam vicem doleo.
5. Give a list of the impersonal verbs which
govern the accusative, and give instances of intran-
sitive verbs which take a complementary accusa-
tive.
6. What is the meaning of dare operam, verba,
fabulam; habere orationem, delectum, in animo, pro
certo; ita res se habet; bene habet?
7. Put into Latin: (1) I look upon that friend of
yours as a traitor to his country. (2) In spite of
his youth, he showed himself a man of prudence.
(3) He feels neither shame nor sorrow for his
crime.
66 LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS.
LXII.
1. What is the general meaning of the dative?
Mention the chief verbs which are followed by a
dative. What classes of adjectives and adverbs re-
quire the dative?
2. Classify the uses of the dative in the following
examples: (a) Frontem puero floribus ornavit. (6)
Odio erat Romanis. (c) Ecce tibi exortus est Isocrates.
(d) Nomen puero Egerio fuit. (e) Turres procul in-
tuentibus pares. (/) Cui non sunt auditae Demos-
thenis vigiliae? (g) It clamor caelo.
3. What limitations are there to the use of the
predicative dative?
4. Distinguish between the meaning of metuo,
consulo, tempero, moderor, caveo, with the dative
and the accusative. What is the construction of
circumdo, dono? Illustrate.
5. Give the English of pileo, pila, pilo, mando,
tandem, piri, parci, porci, quare, domo, senti, mentum,
scalae, vallum, portus, heri.
6. Put into Latin: (1) The general sounded the
signal for retreat. (2) An assembly was held for
the election of consuls. (3) You were not solvent.
(4) The Gauls threw themselves at Caesar's feet.
(5) The law is a terror to evil-doers. (6) You
ought to have done this before.
LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS. 67
LXIIL
1. Translate the following and classify the uses of
the genitive case : (a) Senatus Hannibalis erat, plebs
Romanorum. (6) Alcibiades capitis se damnatum
audivit. (c) Magni iudicii debet esse orator, (d)
Quanti quisque amicos facit, tanti fit ab amicis.
(e) Ultimus fuit regum Romanorum. (/) Aevi
maturus.
2. In such a phrase as ' maior pars populi', do you
consider 'populi' can rightly be called a partitive
genitive? Give your reason, and suggest another
name for the case.
3. What difference of usage is there between the
ablative and the genitive of description?
4. How do you explain the case of med in ' mea
refert'?
5. Change into oratio obliqua: (a) Obsides remitte:
id et privatim parentibus et publice populis gratum
erit. (6) Si tantum postulassent legati pro his, qui
in hostium potestate sunt, sententiam peregissem.
(c) Citari singulos senatores iubebo, de quorum capite
vos consulam: quod de quoque censueritis, fiet.
6. What cases follow arguo, ignosco, persuadeo,
recorder, attinet, impotens, compos, antepono?
7. Put into Latin: (1) They do not desire you to
leave the city. (2) I cannot help thinking the state
will suffer by your rashness. (3) The apple I am
about to eat cost three sesterces.
68 LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS.
LXIV.
1. What are the main uses of the ablative case?
2. Classify the ablative cases in the following:
(a) Quid magis est saxo durum, quid mollius unda ?
(6) Cornibus tauri se tutantur. (c) Quod non opus
est, asse carum est. (d) Murus nudatus est defen-
soribus. (e) Nomine non potestate fuit rex. (/)
Iniuria fit duobus modis. (g) Vir fuit animo magno
et corpore. (h) Nemo omnibus horis sapit. (i)
Aurelia via prof ectus est. (J) Parentibus nati sunt
humilibus.
3. Translate in as many ways as you can — ' Te
invito haec non f aciam '.
4. Give a list of the deponent verbs which govern
an ablative. Why are they used with an ablative?
5. What classes of adjective are followed by an
ablative? What by a genitive? Give examples.
6. ' Mortuos sepeliebant — triste ministerium.' In
what case are the words in italics, and why? Give
rules for the case of a noun used in apposition to a
sentence.
7. Put into Latin: (1) I am surprised that so
shrewd a man as your brother is so often deceived.
(2) What was I to do? I had no one to advise me.
(3) When I asked at (ab) the door, I was told my
friend was not at home.
LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS. 69
LXV.
1. Give the Latin for: To make war, peace; twice
two make four; to take one's ease; to get old; get
to sleep; get back the standards; get back home;
get a house built; get a thing finished; get quit of;
get a fever.
2. Translate and explain cases or moods: Bona
tua venia; ubi terrarum es? prudentius quam
audacius; ecce tibi, litteras accepi; nostra refert; per
me stetit quominus ires; multo sanguine stetit vic-
toria; flocci facere; apud Livium scrip turn est; torva
non tuens; a tergo adoriri; ex pedibus laboro; ex
sententia navigavi; annus bissextus; a.d. xiv Kal.
Oct.; Idibus Octobribus; nomen lulo puero additur;
amissi filii dolor.
3. Distinguish between mora and mora; foras,
forum, fores, foros; pila and pila; pilum and pilus;
colo and colo (2); lego and lego; venis and vems;
venus and venum; questus, quaestus; anceps and
auceps; velis and velis; metas and metas; patere
and patere; auri, auris, aura, or& (2), ora; avia and
avia; veri (2), vire.
4. Correct or justify: 'Aspice ut insignis spoliis
Marcellus opimis ingreditur \
5. Put into Latin: (1) Hardly anyone doubted
he would obey that order. (2) Unaccustomed
though I am to public speaking, I will say a few
words. (3) The thieves, all of whom were Germans,
were sent to prison.
70 LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS.
LXVI.
1. Enumerate the different kinds of adverbial
clause, with an example of each.
2. When is the perfect subjunctive used in a con-
secutive clause instead of the imperfect?
3. Translate the following sentences and account
for the use of the subjunctive in each case: —
(a) Multaque se incusat qui non acceperit Aenean.
(6) Nihil est quod tarn miseros faciat quam scelus.
(c) Medico puto aliquid dandum quo sit studiosior.
(d) Multa quoque et bello passus dum conderet
urbem. (e) Dum ne tibi segnior esse videar non
laboro. (/) Nuntia patribus urbem muniant. (g)
Aves pascantur necne quid ref ert ? (h) Oderint dum
metuant.
4. Show by example the various ways of express-
ing purpose in Latin.
5. Explain the terms 'protasis' and 'apodosis',
and write short sentences to illustrate the normal
forms of conditional clauses.
6. Put into Latin: (1) You will be trusted when
you have shown yourself worthy of trust. (2)
Xerxes offered a prize to the first man who invented
a new pleasure. (3) If I had attacked him as he
travelled, he would not now be here.
LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS 71
LXVII.
1. Distinguish between a consecutive and a con-
cessive clause. What is the name of a clause that
expresses a purpose? a wish? a reason? Give
instances of each of these, and also of a comparative
clause.
2. Give examples of ut and cum used concessively.
3. Translate: Tarn celeriter cucurrit ut anhelet;
tarn celeriter cucurrit ut anhelaret; and account for
the difference in tense.
4. Translate: Tan turn afuit ut eum laudarem ut
culparem; in eo erat ut interficeretur; non is erat
quern talia delectarent; nihil est quod sensum habeat
quin pereat. Explain the subjunctive in each case.
5. Explain with examples the construction of
verbs of preventing.
6. Account for the change of mood in — Sunt qui
non habeant, est qui non curat habere argentum.
7. Put into Latin: (1) He had no place to turn to.
(2) I let no day pass without writing. (3) There is
reason enough for us to be afraid. (4) There is no
one but sometimes errs. (5) I cannot but admit the
truth of your observations.
72 LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS.
LXVIII.
1. Explain what is meant by the term ' compara-
tive clause ', and state the rale for the use of the
indicative or the subjunctive in such clauses.
2. Mention some of the commonest conjunctions
used in introducing comparative clauses.
3. Translate into idiomatic English: (a) Ut sunt
ita nominantur senes. (6) Magnus pavor, ut in re
improvisa, fuit. (c) Quo quisque vir est honestior,
eo minus alios pravis esse moribus suspicatur. (d)
Tanta est tempestas quantam numquam antea vidi.
4 Translate in as many ways as you can — ' With
your usual kindness'.
5. What is the force of ut in the following? (a)
Insignis, ut illorum temporum habitus erat, trium-
phus. (6) Inermes ruebant, ut quibus nihil hostile
suspectum esset. (c) Egone ut prolis meae fundam
cruorem ? (d) Clarior res erat quam ut tegi posset.
(e) Ut vidi, ut perii; ut me malus abstulit error.
6. Put into Latin: (1) May each of you fare in
accordance with his deserts. (2) Your behaviour
is not consistent with your promises. (3) You
have acted with more boldness than prudence.
LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS. 73
LXIX.
1. What is meant by a 'final clause'? What are
the final conjunctions? Are the perfect and plu-
perfect subjunctive ever used in a final clause ? If
so, how ?
2. Translate: Arcessivi copias quae impetum sus-
tinerent; arcessivi copias quae impetum sustineant;
and account for the difference of tense.
3. What is the Latin for ' in short', 'to be brief,
'with the intention of doing', 'to tell the truth',
'trivial, not to say silly talk'?
4. Translate: ' Hoc ei nuntiate quo celerius manus
det ', and explain the construction of quo.
5. Translate: 'Ei persuasum est ne illud faceret';
'omnibus persuasum est hostes mox adventures'.
When is persuadeo followed by ut or ne, when by
an infinitive?
6. 'Servis suis Rubrius ut ianuam clauderent
imperat'; 'Sicilian! ita vexavit (aorist) Verres ut
in antiquum statum restitui non possit'. Comment
on the sequence of tenses, and explain.
7. Put into Latin: (1) I have given you this that
you may live longer. (2) I have nothing to say
about this matter, much less to write. (3) We must
wait till the clouds roll away.
74 LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS.
LXX.
1. Explain the terms 'protasis' and 'apodosis'.
By what words is the protasis usually introduced?
2. Point out the condition contained in: (a) Qui
videret equum Troianum introductum, urbem cap-
tarn diceret. (6) Roges me, nihil respondeam. (c)
Si latet ars, prodest; affert deprensa pudorem. (d)
Graeculus esuriens in caelum iusseris, ibit.
3. Mention some exceptions to the rule that the
moods of protasis and apodosis correspond.
4. State clearly what is the statement implied in
these conditional sentences: (1) Si quid haberet,
daret. (2) Si quid habuisset, dedisset. (3) Si quid
habeat, det. (4) Si quid habuit, dedit.
5. Explain apparent irregularities of mood or
tense in: (a) Memini numeros si verba tenerem. (6)
Bonus vates poteras esse si voluisses. (c) Hunc, si
ulla in te esset pietas, colere debebas. (d) Peream,
nisi hoc verum est. (e) Perieram nisi tu accurrisses.
6. What is the difference in use between nisi and
si non? Illustrate.
7. Put into Latin: (1) If I gain my request I
shall be glad; if not, I shall be vexed. (2) Had
you arrived sooner you might have seen the pro-
cession. (3) Whether he reads or writes, he wastes
no time.
LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS. 75
LXXL
1. What is meant by a 'suppressed protasis'?
Give an example.
2. How comes it that ' O si ' with a subjunctive
is used to express a wish ? Distinguish between : O
si hoc accidat, — accideret, — accidisset.
3. Supply the apodosis (using do, I give) to (a)
Si quid habebam. . . (b) Si quid haberem... (c) Si
quid habeam... (d) Si quid habuissem... Translate
each sentence.
4. What is the Latin for: 'You ought to have
done this had you been allowed ' ; ' the army might
have been destroyed'; 'he may have said this';
' it would be tedious if I told all ' ; ' it would have
been better if he had gone away'?
5. What is the protasis in — (a) Urbe capta nemo
effugiat. (b) Signo dato, in pugnam erumperent.
(c) Da pauca: plura concupiscet?
6. Put into oratio obliqua, after dicit and dixit:
(a) Si quid habebo, dabo. (b) Si hoc feceris, poe-
nam dabis.
7. Put into Latin: (1) Would that I had died for
thee, my son ! (2) When he was quite old he would
often climb mountains. (3) He was so foolish that
he would have jumped into the river had I not held
him back. (4) I asked him what he would have
done if I had not helped him. (5) If ever he saw
anyone going too fast, he would stop him.
76 LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS.
LXXIL
1. Give general rules for the 'sequence of tenses'.
Translate: (a) Ask them what they have done.
(6) They want to know what you had done, (c) I
asked what they would have done.
2. Explain how ' vereor ut f aciat ' comes to mean
' I fear he will not do '.
3. How are questions in the 1st and 3rd persons
treated in oratio obliqua? Express in orat. obi.:
' Quid ego, pro inimico habitus, pro vobis et patria
ausus sum? Quis nescit hoc omnibus esse dedecori?'
4. When does the relative in orat. obi. take the
infinitive? Put into orat. obi.: 'Errare malo cum
Platone, quern quanti facias scio'.
5. Give examples of four different uses of qui
with the subjunctive.
6. Translate the words in -ing in the following:
(a) Seeing is believing. (6) A fine painting, (c)
Fond of fighting, (d) Your coming pleases me.
(e) Saying this he went away. (/) Don't read
while eating, (g) Coming along the road we found
a coin.
7. In how many ways is it possible to translate
'that' into Latin?
8. Put into Latin: (1) Their entreaties proved
unavailing and they returned unsuccessful. (2)
There are some to whom spiders are an object of
hatred. (3) Seven times seven makes forty-nine.
LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS. 77
LXXIII.
1. Translate and explain the use of the parti-
ciple in each case: (a) Sensit medios delapsus in
hostes. (6) Voluptate dominante, iacent virtutes.
(c) Laeti pergunt Galli ut explorata victoria, (d)
Maelium regnum appetentem interemit. (e) Men-
daci homini ne verum quidem dicenti credimus.
2. Comment on the use of the infinitive in — (a)
Liber dignus legi. (6) Pecus egit visere montes.
(c) Mago id nescire dixit. (d) Sperat se posse
venire, (e) Vincere scis, victoria uti nescis. (/)
Hominem Romanum tarn Graece loqui ! Translate.
3. When is quo used for ut in a final clause?
Give an example.
4. What is the usual construction of verbs of
fearing? Give all meanings of 'vereor ne veniat'.
Distinguish the meanings of vereor and timeo.
What other constructions may they have?
5. How many ways are there of expressing ' al-
though ' in Latin ? Give an instance of each.
6. Give with examples the main usages of the
infinitive mood.
7. Put into Latin: (1) The burning of my home was
a great grief to me. (2) They were afraid to return,
thinking they were liable to punishment. (3) So
far from blaming you, I greatly praise you.
78 LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS.
LXXIV.
1. To what part of speech do the supines properly
belong? Explain with examples how they are used.
How far do they retain a verbal force ?
2. How is the future infinitive passive expressed ?
Give the Latin for ' I perceive she will be praised5.
3. Distinguish between a gerund and a gerundive.
What is the meaning of the gerund when used in
the nominative? Give the Latin for 'running',
' of running ', ' by running '.
4. What limitation is there to the use of the
gerundive? Give the Latin for 'by writing a
letter ', ' by sparing the vanquished ', ' by doing
something ', ' for the sake of ravaging the fields '.
5. Translate and explain the construction of: (a)
Poenas in morte timendum est. (6) Hoc libertatis
conservandae est. (c) Ille non solvendo est. (d)
Moriendum est aut vincendum. (e) Audendo res
Romana crevit.
6. Point out the ambiguity in ' victoribus victis
parcendum est '. How can it be avoided ?
7. Put into Latin: (1) It is easy to understand in
what danger we are. (2) You must consult the
interests of the citizens. (3) Caesar had a bridge
made over the Rhine.
LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS. 79
LXXV.
1. Translate and explain the use of the participles:
(a) Capitis absolutus, pecunia multatus est. (6) Urbs
incensa dolori fuit victis. (c) Sole orto e castris
progress! sunt. (d) Epistolae offendunt non loco
redditae. (e) Libros antea confusos disposuisse
dicitur. (/) Librum misi exigent! tibi, missurus
etsi non exegisses.
2. Translate and account for the subjunctives in:
(a) Rusticus exspectat dum defluat amnis. (b) Bonus
segnior fit ubi neglegas. (c) Impetrare non potui,
quod religione se impediri dicerent. (d) Agunt
gratias quod sibi pepercissent. (e) Oderint dum
metuant. (/) Utrum nos defendamus an obviam
eamus? (g) Cernis ut insultent Rutuli?
3. Translate and comment on the grammar of:
(a) Varium et mutabile semper f emina. (6) Naturam
expellas furca tamen usque recurret. (c) Nee
veterum memini laetorve malorum. (d) Assiduo
ruptae lectore columnae.
4. What is the meaning of ora in — Luminis orae,
orae clipei, ultima ora terrarum, ora navis? What
meanings has marmorl Give all the Latin words
you know for sea.
5. Put into Latin: (1) I should like to escape
from the burden of office. (2) Great as are his
exploits, he deserves to be punished. (3) Cassius
sent for the conspirators. (4) The loss of that
battle was fatal to Pompey's cause.
80 LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS.
LXXVI.
1. What cases follow aptus, dignus, gratus, laetus,
similis; gratulor, interest, in video, parco, recorder,
rogo, taedet?
2. Put into oratio obliqua: (Ariovistus replied), "I
am not in the habit of obeying orders: if he (Caesar)
is willing to discuss the question (agere) of peace on
fair terms, he must come to me, not I to him ".
3. Distinguish the meaning of the present, the
imperfect, the pluperfect subjunctive in wishes.
4. In how many ways can Latin express the
indefinite subject 'one'? Translate: One readily
does what one likes; people say he is mad; one
would think he was mad; it is not wise to trust
one's foes; if one had anything, one would send it.
5. Translate: Quod sciam; magnis itineribus con-
tendit; secundum flumen; maior quam pro viribus;
hoc mihi cordi est; agere et ferre; actum est de me;
e pedibus laboro; temporibus errat; factus ad un-
guem; bonus audit; novae tabulae; novae res.
6. What is the Latin for — Provoke, oppress, vast,
crime, honour, the state, office, patriotism?
7. Put into Latin: (1) He gave you more money
than I. (2) He gave you more money than me.
(3) The sooner it's over, the sooner to sleep. (4)
This is the third day I have been waiting for him.
LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS. 81
LXXVII.
1. Translate: Heres ex asse; qua es benevolentia
omnes te amant; non potui non lacrimare; eo in-
solentiae pervenit; a dextra stare; annus bissextus;
cui bono fuit? capitis damnatus; verba dare, dicta
dare; tu pulsas, ego vapulo tantum; actum est de
republica; sagax audit; canere receptui; flocci non
facio.
2. What cases follow plenus, expers, similis, gra-
tulor, suadeo?
3. Correct or justify: (a) Scire velim quare
domos reliquissent. (6) Spero eum probum esse.
(c) Cum domum redieram, calceos exuebam. (d)
Memini ut illam aestatem egerimus. (e) Utenda
est occasio. (/) Non tarn tua quam reipublicae
interest ut salvus sis.
4. Give the English of — Si res postulabit, moria-
mur; rebus prosperis uti; res frumentaria deest:
maxima rerum Roma; verbis quam re probabilius;
ea quae in rem sunt imperat; res gestae; non e re
publica est illud; unus homo nobis cunctando resti-
tuit rem.
5. Show the difference in meaning between expose,
vile, office, secure, honour, study, class, famous, crown,
and the Latin words from which they are derived.
6. Put into Latin: (1) He is about to be given a
book. (2) I am sending you the only book I have.
(3) Give me what you have, and let me know what
you intend to do.
(M450) F
82 LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS.
LXXVIII.
1. Explain and illustrate the use of the preposi-
tions in: {a) Cohortes ab labore intritae. (6) Vinci
<se per suum dedecus patiebantur. (c) Aries in
cornua tortus. (d) Ad clipeum assurgit. (e) Ocu-
losque sub astra tenebat. (/) Decemviri ex parte
de plebe creantur. (g) De nobis facile est.
2. Make and translate short sentences to illustrate
the meaning and use of erga, versus, prae, coram,
tenus, super.
3. Classify the following uses of the genitive:
(a) Spes salutis. (6) Moris est Graecorum. (c)
Notus in fratres animi paterni. (d) Serum erat
diei. (e) Capitis damnatur. (/) Trepidi rerum.
4. Translate and explain the use of the passive:
(a) Tertia vivitur aetas. (6) Inutile ferrum cingi-
tur. (c) Pascuntur silvas. (d) Rura regnata Pha-
lantho. (e) Haec ego procurare idoneus imperor.
(/) Nuda genu, nodoque sinus collecta fluentes.
(g) Curatus inaequali tonsore capillos.
5. What was the value in English money of a
sesterce? Explain the method of calculating by
sestertii.
6. Put into Latin: "Rome, Jan. 18th, — Dear
Marcus, Many thanks for your letter. I am writ-
ing to let you know I shall go to Capua on the
1st of February. Yours sincerely, Tullius."
LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS. 83
LXXIX.
1. Construct short sentences to illustrate the use
of qui in final, consecutive, causal, and concessive
clauses.
2. When may qui be used instead of ut in con-
secutive clauses after tarn, adeo, tantus? What is
the Latin for — (a) He is so foolish as not to know
anything? (6) Who is so cruel as not to pity the
wretched ?
3. Translate: (a) Ea est Romana gens quae victa
quiescere nesciat. (6) Ita vera dicit ut nemo ei ne
iurato quidem credat. (c) Lucullus non potest ita
decoquere ut non multos secum perdat. (d) Ut
fortes sunt, ita sunt fideles.
4. Explain what is meant by the ' subjunctive of
alleged reason'. Translate: 'He was hated by all
for having betrayed his country '. After what sort
of verbs is this quod- clause used with the sub-
junctive ?
5. What is the difference in meaning between
'mihi irascitur quod occasionem omisi' and 'quod
occasionem omiserim"?
6. Put into Latin: (1) He was unworthy of hav-
ing such distinctions given him. (2) You have no
reason to be angry. (3) So far as I know, he is
not the sort of man to forgive an insult. (4) I
cannot help laughing.
84 LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS.
LXXX.
1. Explain what is meant by the term 'oratio
obliqua'. Is it true to say that the 1st and 2nd
persons disappear from oratio obliqua? Give the
Latin for: 'You remember how I told you yesterday
I was suffering from headache'.
2. State clearly the rule for mood in oratio
obliqua. How do you account for the use of the
indicative in: ' Themistocles eum certiorem fecit id
agi ut pons, quern ille fecerat, dissolveretur'?
3. How are commands and prohibitions expressed
in oratio obliqua?
4. Show how the different pronouns change in
reported speech. Put into oratio obliqua, (1) after
dicit', (2) after dixit: 'I will follow him when you
bid me; let them guard the city'.
5. What is meant by 'virtual oratio obliqua'?
Translate: 'They complained of Verres because he
treated them unjustly'.
6. Give rules for the mood and tense and person
of questions in reported speech.
7. Put into oratio obliqua, after a present and
a past tense: (a) Nos a patribus nostris ita didici-
mus ut virtute contendamus. (6) Quid tibi vis?
(c) Quid levius est quam ab incepto desistere?
(d) Nolite patriam prodere : in hostes progrediamur.
8. Put into Latin: (1) He warned the lieutenant
not to advance before he himself had returned. (2)
They admitted it served them right for having acted
so foolishly. (3) He refused to be the first to enter
the city.
LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS. 85
LXXXI.
1. In oratio obliqua what changes from direct
speech take place in regard to statements, questions,
commands, and wishes, and dependent clauses?
2. What is meant by a rhetorical question? How
are such questions expressed in oratio obliqua?
3. How is the future perfect indicative expressed
in oratio obliqua?
4. Put into oratio obliqua, (1) after a present;
(2) after a past tense: (a) Servos mittam qui dona
ferant. (6) Ibo quo iubes. (c) Cur facitis quod non
licet? (d) Ad urbem hodie eamus. (e) Cum aliquid
novi audiero, tibi dicam.
5. Put into oratio obliqua: (a) Qui hoc faciunt,
poenas dent. (6) Fugi quod timebam. (c) Si quid
habebit dabit. (d) Hie est murus quern aedificavi.
(e) Si hoc dicas erres. (/) Si hoc diceres, errares.
(g) Si hoc dixisses erravisses. (h) Urbs capta esset
nisi subvenisset.
6. Put into direct speech: 'Aut cederent virtute
genti per eos dies totiens ab se victae, aut itineris
finem sperarent campum Tiberi ac Romae interia-
centem'.
7. Put into Latin (in oratio recta and oratio ob-
liqua): "Can anyone doubt that our allies are faith-
ful? If they had intended to desert us, would they
thus to-day have come to our help? If it can be
done without harm to the state, let us grant them
the freedom they desire."
86 LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS.
LXXXII.
1. What difference of meaning is there between
' turbae me eripuit' and ' ex turba me eripuit' ? Give
a rule for when to use the preposition in such cases.
2. Give the Latin for: From Aulis, a town of
Boeotia; from the town of Gergovia; he fled to his
father at Corinth; the place is distant two miles
from the city of Athens.
3. When is 'with' expressed by the simple abla-
tive, when by cum and the ablative? Translate,
using nouns: 'To write with care', 'to act wrong-
fully', 'to fight resolutely'.
4. Explain the construction of opus est (a) with
nouns; (6) with actions. What is the Latin for —
We need a leader (2); there is no need to boast;
there is need of haste; what need is there of pre-
tence?
5. Translate: 'Quid digitos opus est graphic las-
sare tenendo?' and explain the case of quid.
6. Put into Latin: (1) It so happened that they
had left a few days before. (2) On being informed
of our purpose in coming, he inquired into the char-
acter of our climate. (3) He waited till the House
rose, and then went home.
LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS. 87
LXXXIII.
1. Translate and remark on the use of the pro-
noun: (a) Illud Cassianum, cui bono fuit? (b) His
duobus mensibus. (c) Ex illo Junonia permanet
ira. (d) Illud quaerendum est num honesto ita
agere liceat. (e) Quae tua est ista vita? (/) Non is
sum qui hoc faciam. (g) Quid agas cum te furiosus
cogit et idem fortior?
2. What is the Latin for — He asked those near
him; those living at Corinth; my friends and
those of iny brother; I will give you all the money
I have; it happened through your fault?
3. Write sentences and translate them, to illus-
trate the use and meaning of quispiam, quisquam,
nonnullus, ullus.
4. After what words, and in what sort of sen-
tences, is quis (indefinite) used ? What difference is
there between quicunque and quisquis?
5. Distinguish between alter alterum laudant,
alius alium laudant, and alteri alteros laudant;
uterque, utrique, and uter.
6. Translate: Alternis diebus; sexto quoque die;
quotus es? quanto plures, tanto hilariores; quotus-
quisque omnino sapit.
7. Put into Latin: (1) I feel a sort of pleasure in
doing hard duties. (2) Somehow or other the old
are rather talkative. (3) One of the two brothers
is dead. (4) His actions do not harmonize with his
teaching.
88 LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS.
LXXXIV.
1. How does haud differ in use from non? When
would you use nee, neque, and when neu, neve, for
nor?
2. Explain the difference between, nisi, si non,
and sin', aut and vel.
3. What are the usual ways of expressing a pro-
hibition? In what cases would you use the impera-
tive or the present subjunctive to express a prohibi-
tion?
4. How does num in a direct question differ in
meaning from num in a dependent question?
5. How are English ' yes' and 'no' (in answer
to a question) expressed in Latin? Translate: (a)
"Will you do this?" "No, I won't." (6) "Is your
father in?" "No." (c) "Do you deny it?" "Yes,
certainly." (d) "Are you ready to do this?" They
answer " No," " Yes."
6. How is cor not' rendered in a direct and in an
indirect question? Translate: "Are you the man
I'm looking for or not? Tell me whether he re-
members us or not."
7. Explain the use of an in disjunctive questions.
Translate: Res est temptata si primo impetu capi
Ardea posset.
8. Put into Latin: (1) If you gain your object,
well and good; if not, we will trust to luck. (2)
With this answer he dismissed the various envoys
to their homes. (3) Some blame him for having
done nothing, others for having done too much.
LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS. 89
LXXXV.
1. Distinguish between consulo alicui, aliquein,
in aliquem; caveo alicui, aliquem, ab aliquo; anim-
adverto aliquem, in aliquem; simulo, dissimulo.
2. What is the difference in meaning between
manes and m&nes; oblitus and oblltus; redeam and
reddam; para, pare, and pare; refert and refert;
coepere and cepere; notus and notus?
3. When would you translate 'that no one' by ne
quis, when by ut nemo ? Distinguish between nisi
and si non'} neque and neve; non modo and modo
non', vereor ut and vereor ne.
4. Illustrate by means of short sentences (trans-
lated) the different ways of rendering into Latin the
English 'move', 'change', 'collect', 'increase', 're-
move ', * disperse ', when used transitively and when
intransitively.
5. Translate: (a) Canis non est canem; (6) ne
hodie si vis esse eras; (c) matutine pater, seu lane
libentius audis.
6. Distinguish between ars scribentfis and ars
scribencfo; sole fulgente and sole fulgent^.
7. Put into Latin: (1) I could hardly convince
him that danger was at hand. (2) They said that
Cato was not a man to be trusted. (3) The wiser
a man is, the less patient he is of folly.
90 LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS.
LXXXVI.
1. Translate carefully: (Ariovistus respondit) 'Si
ipse populo Romano non praescriberet quemadmo-
dum suo iure uteretur, non oportere sese a populo
Romano in suo iure impediri. Caesarem iniuriam
facere qui suo adventu vectigalia sibi deteriora
f aceret. Quod sibi Caesar denuntiaret se Aeduorum
iniurias non neglectururn, neminem secum sine sua
pernicie contendisse.'
2. What is the difference in meaning between se
ipsum vulneravit and se ipse vulneravit?
3. Change into oratio obliqua: 'Militi armato
nihil secum portanti quid inexsuperabile est? Sa-
guntum ut caperetur quid laboris a vobis exhaustum
est? Ceperunt quondam Galli ea quae adiri posse
Poenus desperat '.
4. State and illustrate the rules for the use of se
and suus in a dependent clause.
5. (a) Balbus rediit quod ei imperaveram. (6)
Balbus gratias mihi egit quod sibi subvenissem.
Explain why ei is used in one case, sibi in the
other.
6. Put into Latin: (1) The general advises the
soldiers to rely on their own valour. (2) The Gauls
begged him not to burn their homes. (3) They
begged so earnestly that he could not refuse their
request.
LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS. 91
LXXXVIL
1. Translate: (1) Utor aliquo amico. (2) Utor
consilio. (3) Utor legibus. (4) Utor bono patre.
(5) Condicione utor. (6) Foro uti.
2. Express in as many ways as possible, 'more
than twelve years old'.
3. Is the preposition always omitted with domum ?
If not, when? Put into Latin: We came to Pom-
pey's house; to come to a grand house.
4. When would 'the future' be translated by
1 f utura ', when by ' res f uturae ' ? Give instances.
5. Express in two ways: 'Words more pleasant
than true', 'a marsh not wider than fifty feet',
' illustrious for wealth, fortune, and honour '.
6. Distinguish carefully between ne audi, ne
audito, non audies, ne audias, noli audire, ne audi-
veris in rendering ' do not hear '.
7. How is quin used in principal clauses? Give
examples.
8. Give the English of: Pecuniae rationem habere;
rationes domesticae et bellicae; meas rationes vestrae
saluti posthabeo; alicuius salutis rationem habere;
ratio atque usus belli; ratione fecit quod discessit;
Epicuri ratio notissima.
9. Put into Latin: (1) Look back, in case we are
being followed. (2) The prisoners, of whom there
were three, were put in chains. (3) For all your
pride you are contemptible to all.
92 LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS.
LXXXVIII.
1. Explain and illustrate the construction of in-
terest, misereor, tempero, pertinet, tenus, condemno,
coram.
2. Show the usage of nedum, dumtaxat, penes,
tenus, instar, equidem, prae, nimirum, num, quoad.
3. Translate and comment on : (a) Celerem pronos
volvere menses, (b) Infelix qui nihil profecerit.
(c) Peto pacem, qui non peterem nisi utilem cre-
derem. (d) Neque audebis neque si cupias licebit.
(e) Die ubi ea nunc est, obsecro. (/) Desine querel-
larum. (g) Per pedes traiectus lora tumentes.
4. Give the ablative singular of anceps, auceps,
incus, fornix; the perfect indicative of concino,
pecto, reperio, lego; the supine of vivo, colo, desilio,
consulo, and incesso.
5. Mention with examples the chief uses of the
genitive case.
6. Put into oratio obliqua: "Una turma", ait,
" Romani, cum Latinis sociisque bellum gesturi estis ?
quid consules, quid duo exercitus agent ?" " Aderunt
in tempore", Manlius inquit, "et cum illis aderit
luppiter ipse foederum a vobis violatorum testis."
7. Put into Latin: (1) Mind you tell no one why
I am here. (2) It is a mean thing to barter honour
for gain. (3) Happy man! to be able to take a
holiday when he likes.
LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS. 93
LXXXIX.
1. Give as many instances as you can of the
subjunctive used in independent sentences. What
other name has been given to this mood?
2. Classify the following uses of the subjunctive:
(a) Crederes victos. (6) Vellem adesse posset Panae-
tius. (c) Quid f acerem ? quo f ugerem ? (d) Ne sit
summum malum dolor, malum certe est. (e) Utinam
me obruerent Rutuli. (/) Dictis, Albane, maneres.
3. Define the term 'consecutive clause'. How
is English ' would have ' translated in a consecutive
clause? Put into Latin: 'Such was the panic that
all would have run away had not help arrived '.
4. What meanings may qui have with the sub-
junctive? Translate: (a) Epistolam misi qua tibi
hoc nuntiarem. (6) Non is erat qui iniuste ageret.
(c) Demens qui fulmen lovis simularet. (d) Consul
qui bis v ictus esset non desperabat.
5. Translate: (a) Augusto prompta, quae deceret
principem, eloquentia fuit. (b) Nemo tarn ferus
fuit quin lacrimarit. (c) Fuere qui hoc verum
crederent. Explain the subjunctives.
6. Put into Latin: (1) He was too great to be
resisted. (2) She never saw him without reproach-
ing him. (3) He cannot be discharged from jail
without paying the fine.
94 LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS.
xc.
1. What meanings has cum when used with the
indicative and with the subjunctive? Give examples.
2. Translate the following, explaining the mood
in each: (a) Tibi gratulor cum tantum vales. (6)
Cum ad villam veni, nihil agere me delectat. (c)
Longum illud tempus cum non ero. (d) Multi anni
sunt cum in aere meo est. (e) Nondum decem anni
sunt cum lex est lata. (/) Nihil me adiuvit cum
posset, (g) Consilia cum patriae turn sibi inimica
capiebat.
3. Classify the uses of ut with the indicative and
the subjunctive.
4. Translate and explain the mood: (a) Ut qui
civem occidisset impunitatem acciperetl (6) Ut
desint vires tamen est laudanda voluntas. (c)
Vereor ut hoc accidat. (d) Inusitatae luxuriae fuit
ut qui retibus aureis piscaretur.
5. Change into oratio obliqua: " Tacuissem hodie
ne quid in omnium gaudio, minus laetum quod esset
vobis, loquerer: nunc si reticeam aut superbus aut
obnoxius videar ".
6. Put into Latin: (1) When you were told to do
this at once, what made you wait till the chance
passed by? (2) So far was I from praising him
that I thought he deserved a whipping. (3) Was
it not absurd, he asked, to hope to defeat so for-
midable a foe with so meagre a force?
LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS. 95
XCL
1. Explain the following abbreviations: S.P.D.,
S.P.Q.R., S.C., N.L., V.R., D.D.D., Cn., 0, Prid. Kal.
Ian., 10, CIO, 100, CCIOO, P.C, Coss., A., C.,
A.U.C.
2. Of what figures are these instances ? (a) Sub-
mersas obrue naves. (6) Laxat claustra virosque.
(c) Strenua inertia, (d) Vi et armis. (e) Infractos
adverse Marte Latinos videt. (/) Portum tetigere
carinae.
3. Express in as many ways as possible: (a)
With your usual prudence you kept quiet. (6) He
died six days after I saw him. (c) I saw him six
days before he died.
4. What is the construction of miseror, recordor,
impero, caveo, credo, consulo, plenus, taedet, laedo,
eripio, irrideo, egeo?
5. Give the Latin for two million, 28455, 98,
10,000th, 21st, 16 apiece,. 51 times, three times six
is eighteen, one-half, three-quarters, half as many
again, twice as many.
6. Translate: Rideat si adsit; rideret si adesset;
si quid acceperit reddet; si quid accepisset reddi-
disset. Give in each case the implied statement.
Also put into oratio obliqua after dixit.
7. Put into Latin: (1) The consul fixed the elections
for the 3rd of September. (2) Under the circum-
stances, it would be most foolish to persevere in the
attempt. (3) Who is there but pities the prisoners ?
96 LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS.
XCII.
1. Translate and explain the moods or tenses: (a)
Dum illud tractabam dolores fovebam. (6) Multa
quoque et bello passus dum conderet urbem. (c)
Mihi hac nocte agitandum est vigilias. (d) O raihi
praeteritos referat si luppiter annos. (e) Solvendo
non erat Magius. (/) Delitui dum vela darent, si
forte dedissent.
2. Translate and explain the case-constructions:
(a) Timor omnis abesto quod superest. (b) Vestes
quas laeta laborum illi fecerat Dido, (c) Salve
aeternum mini aeternumque vale, (d) lustitiaene
prius mirer belline laborum? (e) Nulli exaudita
deorum vota.
3. When are postquam, antequam followed by the
pluperfect, when by the perfect indicative ? Trans-
late: (a) His father came two days after he left.
(b) After reaching the city they announced their
plans.
4. Give the English of dare poenas, iter, operam,
litteras, vela, manus, nomina, terga, fabulam, verba,
vitio; and of agere animam, quid agis? nihil agis,
suum negotium agere; agere excubias, silentium,
gratias, aestiva, conventus, cum populo, causam.
5. Put into Latin: (1) I have been waiting for you
for three hours now. (2) Having at last got a
favourable wind, he set sail. (3) The gale is daily
getting more furious.
LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS. 97
XCIII.
1. Translate and comment on the use of mood or
tense: (a) Nos numerus sumus et fruges consumere
nati. (6) Me truncus illapsus sustulerat nisi Faunus
ictum levasset. (c) Tristitiam et metus tradam
protervis portare ventis. (d) Uxor invicti lovis esse
nescis. (e) Mene incepto desistere victam!
2. Translate and explain case-constructions: (a)
Regiiia oculos deiecta decoros. (6) Tempora nudus
fulgebat. (c) Si qua sui est forti fiducia, audeo.
(d) Armato milite obsidam fauces, (e) Pulsus regno,
Syracusas ad Dionysum sese contulit.
3. Give some rules for the tenses to be used in
writing a letter in Latin. Translate: 'Nihil habe-
bam quod scriberem; neque enim novi quidquam
audieram, et ad omnes tuas epistolas rescripseram
pridie ; erat tamen rumor comitia dilatum iri '.
4. What fault is there in ' Opinor eum sibi
fortunatum visum iri'?
5. Derive meridies, armentum, septentrio, contio,
infans: and give the etymological meaning of tanta-
lize, ovation, ponder, supercilious, ruminate.
6. Put into Latin: (1) Seeing that he was himself
to blame, he does not deserve to be pitied. (2) In-
stead of resisting bravely they took to flight. (3)
He returned in order not to be accused in his absence
nor condemned unheard.
(M450) G
98 LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS.
XCIV.
1. Translate and explain the moods or tenses:
(a) Cum ver esse coeperat, Verres dabat se laboribus.
(6) Sol ubi montium mutaret umbras. (c) In-
gemiscunt non quod doleant sed quia omne corpus
intenditur. (d) Ut quaeras omnia quomodo Graeci
ineptum appellent, non reperies. (e) Sunt multi qui
eripiunt aliis quod aliis largiantur. (/) Vix reliquit
qui efFerretur.
2. Translate and explain the case-constructions:
(a) Magna tropaea ferunt quos dat tua dextera leto.
(6) It caelo clamorque virum clangorque tubarum.
(c) In flammam iugulant pecudes. (d) In mediis sedet
Latinus maximus aevo et haud laeta fronte. (e)
Non veterum memini laetorve malorum.
3. What constructions follow dono, muto, cir-
cumdo, posthabeo, accuso, credo, potior?
4. By what cases does Latin express quality,
origin, material, time, manner, measure of difference ?
Quote or make instances.
5. What sorts of verbs govern (a) two accusatives,
(6) the genitive, (c) the ablative case?
6. Put into Latin: (1) It takes a wise man to
know what ought to be done at all times. (2) It is
the height of folly to resist the laws: it is our duty
to obey them. (3) It was madness to expect to
conquer Britain with so scanty an army.
LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS. 99
xcv.
1. Translate and comment on the use of the mood
or tense: (a) Antoni gladios potuit contemnere si
sic omnia dixisset. (6) Spatia et si plura supersint,
transeat elapsus prior, (c) At non historia cesserim
Graecis. (d) Tityre, dum redeo, pasce capellas.
(e) Tribuni nee auspicate nee litato instruunt aciem.
2. Translate and explain case-constructions: (a)
Ambo animis insignes, hie pietate prior. (6) Pacem
te poscimus omnes. (c) Distinct hostem agger
murorum. (d) Ibo animis contra Troianos. (e)
Fremit arma iuventus. (/) Vim viribus exit, (g)
Macte virtute esto.
3. What general idea is expressed by the genitive
case? What is the origin of the name?
4. Write short notes on the folio wing: (l)Numeros
memini si verba tenerem. (2) Labebar longius nisi
me retinuissem. (3) Pons iter paene hostibus dedit
ni unus vir fuisset. (4) Movet castra, si oppido
potiri posset.
5. Put into Latin: (1) After much urging, at last
I got him persuaded to stay at home. (2) I shall
get a new bridge built over the river if I can. (3)
Get ready to go with me to call on Lentulus. (4)
I hate a man who is always getting into a rage.
100 LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS.
XCVI.
1. Translate and explain the use of the infinitive:
(a) Ego hue missa sum ludere. (b) Dederat comam
diffundere ventis. (c) Spero nostram amicitiam non
egere testibus. (d) Modo sum pollicitus ducere.
(e) Bacchatur si pectore possit excussisse deum.
2. What classes of verbs are regularly constructed
with an infinitive?
3. Translate and explain case-constructions: (a)
Excussus curru volvitur humi. (6) Exsultat Amazon
unum exserta latus pugnae. (c) Eun-eum Clytio
patre fundit. (d) Praedae et spoliorum ardebat
amore. (e) Non longis inter se passibus absunt.
4. Give the English of: Alicui in manu esse, in
manu esse parentium, est in manibus laudatio, ad
manum esse, res ad manus venit, servus a manu, per
manus morem tradere, aequa manu discedere, manus
dare, virtutis causa ne manum quidem vertit,
manum de tabula, coniuratorum manus.
5. What is meant by attraction? Give instances
of attraction of the relative to the predicate, and
vice versa; of gender; of mood.
6. Translate: (1) In the present cold weather
I never go out without shutting the door. (2)
Troublesome as he is, one cannot help loving him.
(3) Instead of working, you waste your time playing.
LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS. 101
XCVIL
1. What are the Latin proverbs corresponding to:
To carry coals to Newcastle; out of the frying-pan
into the fire; the cobbler to his last; birds of a
feather; to teach one's grandmother?
2. What is meant by euphemism ? Give examples.
3. Translate and comment on: Olympia vincere;
vox hominem sonat; lugubre rubens sidus; per si
quis Amatae tangit honos animum iuro; figura con-
similis est capreis', respublica mea unius opera salva
erat; superiorum dierum Sabini cunctatio; venit
in mentem temporis illius; notumque furens quid
femina possit.
4. What figures of speech are exemplified by: (a)
Inceptoque et sedibus haeret in isdem. (6) Splendide
mendax. (c) Pars leves clipeos et spicula lucida
tergunt. (d) Mammis et lacte ferino nutribat.
5. Explain all the names in Gaius Julius Caesar
Octavianus Augustus.
6. Put into Latin, in oratio obliqua: " Does anyone
suppose that a man of this sort, who has committed
crimes almost from boyhood, will suffer hardships
in order to help his fellow-citizens? In my opinion
you are acting foolishly in not banishing him. Do
not forget my words; I have warned you to-day
not to trust that fellow."
102 LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS.
XCVIIL
1. Explain and illustrate the terms: hypallage,
synizesis, metonymy, aposiopesis, oxymoron, zeugma,
hendiadys, synecdoche, syncope, simile, metaphor,
personification, brachylogy, prolepsis, tmesis, litotes,
onomatopoeia.
2. Of what grammatical figures are the following
examples? — (a) Ex spoliis et torquem et cognomen
induit. (6) Et genus et virtus vilior alga est. (c)
Spemque metumque inter dubii. (d) Qua te cunque
vocat fortuna. (e) Abiit, evasit, excessit.
3. Supply the ellipses in — ad Vestae, Caecilia
Metelli, ad quartum, hiberna, oneraria, decumae,
repetundae.
4. Translate: (a) Extemplo Libyae magnas it
Fama per urbes. (6) Cornua arieti similia. (c) Ira
incensus. (d) Marte secundo omnia corripiunt. (e)
Manus ac voces ad Tiberium tendentes. (f) Vi et
armis superabimus. (g) Moriamur et in arma
ruamus. Of what figures of speech are they
instances ?
5. ' Vilius argentum est auro, virtutibus aurum.'
What is such an arrangement of words called ? and
why?
6. Put into Latin: (1) Get up; the sun is on the
point of rising. (2) Get away, and see you don't
come back. (3) After he had heard of his son's
doings, he got angry. (4) Since you have got to go,
better start at once.
LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS. 103
XCIX.
1. Account for the change of mood in — Coniuratos
occidi non quod eos timerem, sed quod necessarium
esse mihi videbatur.
2 What constructions are required with circumdo,
posthabeo, obsto, sino, arguo, praesto, statuo?
3. What is the epexegetic infinitive? Give
examples.
4. Give instances of onomatopoeic words. Ex-
plain the term.
5. Put into oratio obliqua: 'Spectatumne hue ad
rem f ruendam venimus ? Ne civium quidem horum
nos pudet quos patres nostri miserunt ut ab Samnite
hoste tuta haec ora esset, quam nunc non vicinus
urit sed Poenus advena.'
6. Change into oratio recta: (Dixit) 'stultitiam
esse sedendo hostes debellari credere posse: copias
in aequum deducendas ut vir cum viro congrederen-
tur: audendo rem Romanam crevisse,non eis segnibus
consiliis quae timidi cauta vocarent.'
7. Put into Latin: (1) It is impossible to do this
without injuring many. (2) I wonder which of the
two horses to choose. (3) They nearly all found
fault with me for eating fish. (4) Wait a few days,
in case anything happens.
104 LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS.
c.
1. Translate and comment on: (1) Clodius non
habet unde solvat. (2) Pauper erat cum divitissi-
mus esse posset. (3) Tarn sum fidus quam qui
fidissimus. (4) Tresviri reipublicae constituendae.
2. What figures of speech are contained in — (a)
Fulgor armorum fugaces terret equos; (b) Strenua
inertia; (c) Sic ore locutus; (d) luvenem non
virtutis egentem; (e) Argento post omnia ponas?
3. What is an archaism ? a Graecism ? a solecism ?
Give an example of each.
4. Translate : ' Cicero Attico S. P. D. Cum quod
scriberem ad te nihil haberem, tamen, ne quern diem
interrnitterem, has dedi litteras. A. d. VI K.
Caesarem Sinuessae mansurum nuntiabant.'
5. Translate: (1) M. Tullius M. F. Cicero S. D. Cn.
Pompeio Cn. F.— S. T. E. Q. V. B. E. (2) ' Tullius
Terentiae suae salutem dicit. Quod ad me scribis te
vicum vendituram, quid, me miserum! quid futurum
est? et quid puero misero fiet? Fac valeas et ad
me tabellarios mittas, ut sciam quid agatis. Tulliolae
salutem die. Valete. D. a. d. vi Kal. Dec. Dyrrhachii.'
6. Put into Latin: 'Athens, April 5th. Dear
Tullia, Many thanks for your letter. I have no
news to give you, but be sure to write as often as
you can. Love to Marcus. Yours affectionately,
Cicero.'
VOCABULARY
This vocabulary is not a complete one ; very common words are
omitted, and synonyms like 'answer' and 'reply' appear under only
one of the pair. In some cases the words given are hints, not
literal renderings.
about (to be... to), in eo esse ut.
absent, absens.
absurd, absurdus.
accomplish, perficere.
according to, proinde ac.
actually, etiam.
add to this that, accedit ut.
address, salutare.
admit, fateri.
admit of, quam ut.
advance, progredi.
affectionately yours, vale et
salve.
alive, vivus.
all but, minimum abesse quin.
all up with, actum esse de.
allowed (be), licere.
angry, irasci, succensere.
answer, respondere.
anxious (be), cupere.
anyone, quisquam, quivis.
apple, malum.
arbitrarily, libidinose.
ascertain, cognoscere.
ask advice, consulere.
assembly (hold), comitia facere.
attack, impetum facere.
attempt, inceptum.
B.C., anno urbis conditae (sub-
tract from 754).
banish, expellere.
105
barter, mercari.
begin, inire.
behave, se gergre.
bill, rfigatio.
birth, nasci.
blame, compellare.
blind, caecus.
boast, gloriari.
boldly, audacter.
borrow, mutuari.
bread, panis.
burden, onus.
burn, incendSre.
but, quin; I cannot but, facere
non possum quin.
buy, emere.
call on, salutatum ire.
calmly, aequo animo.
Cannae (of), Cannensis.
case (in), si forte.
chain, vinculum.
chance, occasio.
character, mores, qualis (adj.).
chariot, currus.
cheap, vilis.
choose, eligere.
circumstances (under the), quae
cum ita sint.
climate, caelum.
climb, ascendere.
clock (what o'), qu(5ta hora?
106
LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS.
cloud, nubes.
cold weather, frigftra.
commit, admittere.
concerns, interest, refert.
condemn, damnare.
Conservatives, optimates.
consistent ( not . . . with ), aliter
atque.
conspirators, coniurati.
consult interests of, consulere
(dat.).
contemporary, aequalis.
contemptible, contemptui esse.
convince, persuadere.
corn, frumentum.
cost, constare, emi.
cow, vacca.
crafty, callidus.
crime, scelus.
cross, transire.
daily, cotidie, in dies.
day before, pridie.
deceive, fallere.
deliberately, de industria.
depart, discedere.
deserts, men turn.
deserve, dignus esse.
desire, cupere.
despise, contemnere.
destroy, delere; pass, perire.
destruction, exitium.
determine, constituere.
difference (makes a), interest.
different from, aliter atque.
discharge, llberare.
dishonour, ignommia.
dismiss, dinuttere.
distinction, h5nor.
ditch, fossa.
do without, carere.
doctor, mgdicus.
doing (all one's), per aliquem
stare quormnus.
door, ianua.
duty, munus, hSnestum.
earnestly, vehementer.
elect, deligere.
elections, comitia (plu.).
enjoy, frui.
enough... to, ita...ut.
entreaty, obsecrare.
envy, invldia.
escape, effugere.
ever (if), si quando.
everyone, quivis.
evil-doer, impr6bus.
expectation, spes.
expedient, utilis.
exploit, res gesta.
explore, explorare.
expression, vultus.
face, (v.) obviam ire; facing
(adj.) ad versus.
fail, rem male gerere.
faithful, fidelis.
famine, in5pia cibi.
famous, praeclarus.
far (so... from), tantum abesse.
fare, e venire.
farmer, agricola.
fatal (be... to), perdere.
fault (find), culpare.
favour, favere.
favourable, secundus.
feel, percipere.
feel sure, pro certo habere.
few, pauci; how few, quotus
quisque.
fierce, trux.
fine, multa.
fire (set... to), incendere.
fix, edlcere.
fleet, classis.
flight (take to), terga vertgre.
folly, stultitia.
foolish, stultus.
forbid, vetare.
foreigner, barbarus.
forget, oblivisci.
forgive, ignoscgre.
formidable (so), tantus atque
talis.
freedom, libertas.
French, Gallus.
VOCABULARY.
107
frighten, terreo.
furious (be), saevire.
gain, lucrum.
gain, consequi; (request) im-
petrare.
gale, tempestas.
get, nancisci.
get back, se recipere; get to,
accedere; get up, surgSre;
get away, abire.
glad (be), gaudere.
gladly, libenter.
glorious, pulcher.
go without, carere.
goal, meta.
good (do), bSne facere.
greatly, magno opere.
grief, ddlor.
half, dimidium.
half as large again, dimidio
maior.
hand (be at), adesse.
happen, accidere, fieri,
harbour, portus.
hardship, labor.
harm, nocere.
harmonise, consentire (or use
aliter).
have (a thing done), curare,
height of, summus.
heir to three quarters, heres
ex dodrante.
heir to whole, heres ex asse.
help, subvenire.
help (cannot), facere non posse
quin.
helpless, inops.
hindrance, impedlmentum.
hold back, retmere.
holiday (take a), otiari.
house rose, senatus dimitti.
how many, quSt.
important (it is), refert.
impossible, fieri non posse.
improve, emendare.
inform, certiorem facere.
instead of, cum debeas.
insult, contumelia.
intend, esse in animo (or use
consulto, or part, in -urus).
interest, ex usu esse, interesse.
issue, eventus.
join, convenire.
jump, desillre.
kind, miti animo.
knave, impr6bus.
last few, hi pauci.
late, adv. sero.
leap, salire.
leave, abire, relinquere.
leisure, otium.
let know, fac sciam.
let pass, praetermittere.
liable, obnoxius.
lie, iacere.
lieutenant, legatus.
like (I), mihi placet, libet.
likely, veri similis.
likely to (fut. part.).
live, vivere, habltare.
load, Snus.
long, diu.
look back, respicere.
look on, habere pro.
look round, circumspicere.
lose, amittere.
lost battle, adversa pugna.
lot, sors.
' love to ', verbis nostris saluta.
luck, fortuna.
mad, amens.
man to, is...qui.
man-of-war, navis longa.
market-place, f5rum.
marry, (uxorem) ducere.
marsh, palus.
matters, refert.
meagre (so), tantulus.
mean, turpis.
meet, obviam ire.
milk, mulgere.
108
LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS.
mind, fac or cura ut.
mistake, errare.
money (sum of), pecunia.
mortal, mortifer.
move, rnigrare.
much less, nedum.
murder, interficere.
naturally, natura.
need, 5pus est.
neighbourhood, regio.
neither, neuter.
news (no), nihil quod scribam.
noble, praeclarus.
obey, parere.
object, consilium.
object of hatred, tfdio esse.
observation, quod dicis.
obtain, consequi.
occur, fieri.
offer, proponere.
office, hdnor, magistratus.
officer, legatus.
often (as ... as), qufities ; often
(so), toties.
old age, senectus.
once (at), statim.
onlooker, qui aderant.
only, niSdb.
opinion, sententia.
opinion (in my), me iudice.
oppose, repugnare.
order, imperatum.
own, fateri.
party, partes.
patient (be), tftlerare.
pay, solvere.
persevere, perseverare.
person who, is qui.
pick, deligere.
pity, misereri.
pleasure, vSluptas.
point (make... of), studere ut.
point (on... of), in eo esse ut.
possible (as), quam with superl.
powerful, potens.
prefer, malle.
pretend, simulare.
prevent, prQhlbere.
prison, career.
prisoner, captlvus.
prize, praemi'im.
procession, pompa.
profession, praecipere.
proof, argurnentum.
, protracted, diu.
prove, se pra^bere, evadere.
public speaking, contionari.
j punish, castigare; pass, poenam
dare.
punishment, poena.
purpose, consilium.
put (in chains), comcere.
quite, admtfdum.
rage, succensere.
rashness, temeritas.
rather, comp.
rather think, baud scio an.
reach, pervenire ad.
read, legere.
ready, paratus.
refuse (request), denegare.
reign, regnare.
rely on, confldere.
repent, poenitere.
reproach, culpare.
repulse, repellere.
reputation, fama.
resist, resistere.
resolve, statuere.
rest, quies.
return, tr. reddere; intr. redire.
Rhone, Rhodanus.
right, dextra; to the righu,
dextrorsus.
rise, 6riri.
roll away, dissipari.
rush, concurrere.
sake, causa,
save, servare.
scanty, exiguus.
see... not, cavere.
sell, pass, venire.
VOCABULARY.
109
send for, arcessere.
sensible, sagax.
serve right, iure ac merito (ac-
cidere).
sesterce, sestertius.
set on fire, incendere.
set sail, navem solvere.
sheep, ovis.
shore, lltus.
show, praebere.
shrewd, sagax.
silent (be), tacere.
silly, stultus.
since, cum.
sincerely yours; see 'affection-
ately '.
sink, deprimere.
skilful, perltus.
sleep, dormire.
slip by, elabi.
smile, subridere.
so far as, quod.
so far from, tantum abesse.
so many as, tot...quot.
so often, tSties.
solvent (be), solvendo esse.
somehow or other, nescio quo
mSdo.
sometimes, aliquando.
soon, cito, mature.
sorry (be), poemtere.
sort of, quidam.
sort of man, is...qui.
sound retreat, receptui canere.
spare, parcere.
speak, I5qui.
speech, oratio.
spider, aranea.
spite (in... of), quamquam.
spoken (be... of), audire.
spur of moment, inconsulte.
stand by, adstare.
start, pr6ficisci.
startle, perterrere.
state, res publica.
still, adhuc.
stir up, commSvere.
stop, cShibere.
storm, tempestas.
stretch out, tendere.
strive, nlti.
struggle, certare.
subdue, subigere.
subject, res.
suffer loss, detrimentum capere.
superiority, praestare.
sure (be), curare.
surround, circumdare.
Syracuse, Sj-racusae.
take for, piitare.
talent, talentum.
talkative, 15quax.
tedious, longus.
tell, dicere, imperare.
temple, aedes.
thanks, gratiae.
thanksgiving, supplicatio.
theft, furtum.
thief, fur.
throw, proicere.
till, dum.
times, partes.
tired, taedere.
together, una.
to-morrow, eras.
too much, nimium.
too., to, comparative +quam ut.
top, summus.
traitor, prod i tor.
travel, !ter facere.
traveller, viator.
treat, curare.
trifles, nugae.
trite, tritus.
troublesome, m51estus.
true, verus.
trust, fidere, fidem dare.
turn, vertere.
twelve per cent, centesimae
usurae.
twice two, bis bina.
tyrant, t^rannus.
unaccustomed, imperitus, in-
suetus.
unavailing, nihil efflcere.
understand, intellegere.
110
LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS.
unheard, indicia causa,
universal, omnium,
unsuccessful, re infecta.
urge, suadere.
usual, solere.
various, (suus quisque).
vent, indulgere.
very nearly, minimum
quln.
vexed (be), mSleste ferre.
victory, (vincentes).
views, sentire.
wait, manere, expectare.
walk, pedibus ire.
waste, perdere.
weapon, telum.
well and good, bene (esse).
when? quando?
whipping, verbera (n.).
white, albus.
wide, latus.
without, ita...ut, quln.
wonder, mirari.
wound, vulnus (w.), vulnerare
(vb.).
wrong (do), errare, iniuste agere.
yesterday, heri.
yet (not), nondum.
yonder, ille.
INDEX
A:K\JVIJV tions, xci. 1; c. 5.
Adjectives , compared, i. 5 ; iii. 2 ; xi. 5 ; xxi. 3 ; xxiii. 1 ; xxiv. 7 ;
xxi* ..4; xxxii. 2; xxxiii. 2; xxxiv. 2; xxxv. 1; xxxvi. 1; xxxvii. 1;
y" ^cxviii. 1 ; xxxix. 2 ; xl. 1 ; xlii. 1 ; xliv. 1 ; xlv. 1 ; xlvi. 2 ;
xlvii. 1; xlviii. 2; 1. 2; Ivii. 3.
Adjectives declined, xii. 6 ; xxxiii. 3 ( v. also under Nouns).
formed, x. 4; xv. 6; xvii. 3; xxi. 7; xxiii. 2.
„ defective or heteroclite, xxix. 3.
Adverbs classified, xxv. 1.
„ formed, xxv. 2.
„ compared, xxv. 2, 3; xxxii. 2.
Adverbial clauses, xxxv. 8; xl. 5; xliv. 4; Iii. 4; Ixvi. 2, 4, 5; Ixvii. 1;
Ixviii. 1, 2; Ixix. 1; Ixx. 2, 3, 4, 5 ; Iraii. 3, 5; Ixxix. 2, 4;
Ixxxix. 3; xci. 6.
Alleged reason, Ixxix. 4.
Ambiguities, Iviii. 4; Ixxiv. 6.
Apodosis, Ixx. 1 ; Ixxi. 3 (v. Adverbial clause).
Archaism, c. 3.
Attraction, xcvi. 5.
Aut, vel, li. 5.
Cases, xxxiii. 6; xxxiv. 7; xxxv. 8; xxxvi. 6; xlii. 3; xliii. 4; li. 6;
liii. 6 ; Iv. 6 ; Ivi. 7 ; Ixv. 2 ; Ixxvi. 1 ; xcii. 2 ; xciii. 2 ; xciv. 2 ;
xcv. 2; xcvi. 3.
Cases, accusative, Ixi. 1, 3, 4, 5; Ixiv. 6.
„ ablative, Ixiv. 1, 2, 3, 5; Ixxxii. 3.
„ dative, xl. 7; Ixii. 1, 2, 3.
„ genitive, Ixiii. 1, 2; Ixiv. 5; Ixxviii. 3; Ixxxviii. 5; xcv. 3;
also xii. 5; xxiv. 1.
„ locative, xii. 3.
Clauses, v. Adverbial.
„ subordinate, Ix. 2; Ixvi. 1, 5; Ixvii. 1; Ixviii. 1; Ixix. 1; Ixx. 3.
Comparison, v. Adjectives.
Concord, lix. 1 to 5.
Conditionals, v. Adverbial, Apodosis.
Ill
112
LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS.
Constructions, from xxxii. passim.
Corrections to be made, xxvi. 5 ; xxxii. 8 ; liii. 5 ; Ivi. 6 ; Ixv. 4 ;
Ixxvii. 3; xciii. 4.
Correlatives, xxv. 6.
Cum, Ixvii. 2; xc. 1.
Dates, xxxiii. 3; xxvii. 2.
Dative, v. Cases.
Defective nouns or adjectives, xxix. 3; xxxviii. 4.
Derivations, iv. 5 ; ix. 7 ; x. 5 ; xix. 8 ; xxi. 1, 7 ; xxvi. 4 ; xxxi. 6 ;
xciii. 5.
Diminutives, xiii. 1; xvii. 2; xviii. 5; xx. 5; xxii. 3.
Distinctions to be made, vi. 4, 6; viii. 4; xv. 2; xx. 1, 2; xxiv. 3, 4;
xxv. 5; xxx. 2, 3, 4, 5; xxxi. 2, 3, 5; xxxv. 2; xxxvi. 2; xxxix. 6;
xli. 7; H. 4; Hii. 3; Hv. 3; Iv. 2; Ivii. 5; Iviii. 3; Ixii. 4; Ixv. 1, 3;
Ixx. 7; Ixxxii. 1; Ixxxv. 1, 2, 3, 4, 6; Ixxxvi. 2; Ixxxvii. 6.
Dum, xliii. 5.
Ellipse, xcviii. 3.
Endings, meanings of, x. 4; xvii. 4; xviii. 1; Hv. 2.
Epistolary tenses, xciii. 3; c. 4, 5.
Figures of speech, xci. 2; xcviii. 1, 2, 5; c. 2.
Gender, i. 4; ii. 1 to 5; iii. 1; xii. 1, 4; xv. 3; xxi. 5; xxii. 3; xxvi. 1;
xxix. 1 ; xxxii. 1 ; xxxiii. 1 ; xxxiv. 1 ; xliii. 1 ; xlv. 1 ; xlvi. 1 ;
xlvii. 1; xlviii. 1; xlix. 1; 1. 1; li. 2; Iv. 1; Ivi. 1; Ix. 7.
Genitive, v. Cases.
Gerund, gerundive, xvi. 6; Ixxiv. 3, 4.
Graecism, c. 3.
Haud, non, Ixxxiv. 1.
" He says ", xx. 4.
Impersonal, v. Verbs.
Infinitive, 1. 7; Hi. 4; Ixxiii. 2, 6; Ixxiv. 2; xcvi. 1, 2; xcviii. 3.
Manus, xcvi. 4.
Meanings, iv. 1; v. 1; vi. 3; vii. 2; viii. 6; xviii. 3, 7; xxii. 2; xxvii. 3;
xxix. 1; xHv. 1; Ivii. 2.
Moods, xxxiii. 7; xxxiv. 7; xxxvi. 6; xxxviii. 6; xliii. 4; 1. 7; Hi. 6;
Iv. 6; Ivii. 6; Ixxii. 5; Ixxiii. 2, 6; Ixxiv. 2; Ixxv. 2: Ixxxix. 1,
2, 4, 5; xc. 4; xcii. 1.
Names, xcvii. 5.
Ne, ut non, Iv. 4.
Nisi, Ixx. 6; Ixxxiv. 2.
" No longer ", xxv. 5.
"Nor", Ixxxiv. 1.
Nostri, nostrum, x. 3.
Nouns (and adj.) declined, passim, i. to Ix.
INDEX. 113
Nouns, abstract, xvii. 6.
„ defective, xxxviii. 4.
„ feminine, xv. 2; xvii. 5; xxiv. 6.
„ masculine, xvii. 5.
„ heteroclite, iii. 7; xxiv. 2.
„ heterogeneous, xxiv. 2.
„ number of, xxiv. 4; xxxviii. 4.
„ special, xv. 2; xxi. 6; xxiv. 1, 2.
Numerals, i. 5; iii. 4, 5, 6; vii. 3; xxiii. 4; xxvii. 2; xxix. 7; Ivi. 5; xci. 5.
" Old ", to translate, Ixxxvii. 2.
" One ", „ Ixxvi. 4.
Opus, construction of, Ixxxii. 4.
Ora, meaning of, Ixxv. 4.
Oratio obliqua, vii. 7 ; xxvii. 6 ; xxxi. 7 ; xlv. 6 ; xlix. 6 ; Ixiii. 5 ;
Ixxi. 6; Ixxii. 3, 4; Ixxvi. 2; Ixxx.; Ixxxi.; Ixxxvi. 3; Ixxxviii. 6;
xc. 5; xcix. 5.
Oratio recta, xx. 8; xxvi. 7; Ixxxi. 6; xcix. 6.
Parse, words to, iv. 3; vii. 2; viii. 2; xi. 4, 6; xiv. 5; xv. 1; xviii. 2;
xix. 3, 5; xxvii. 4; and xxx. to 1. passim.
Participles, v. 2; xvii. 7; Ixxiii. 1; Ixxv. 1.
Passive, use of, Ixxviii. 4.
Patronymics, xvii. 1.
Periphrastic tenses, xix. 6.
Persuadeo, Ixix. 5.
Plurals, v. Nouns.
Plus, xxv. 4; xxix. 3.
Postquam, xcii. 3.
Prepositions, vi. 5 ; vii. 5 ; xxviii 1, 2, 5 ; xxxiv. 6 ; xlii. 1 ; xlv. 1 ;
xlix. 4; Hi. 5; Ixxviii. 1, 2; Ixxxvii. 3.
Prohibitions, Ixxxiv. 3; Ixxxvii. 6.
Pronouns, iii. 3; ix. 5; xx. 1, 2; xxx. 6; xxxii. 3; xxxiii. 3; xlvii. 3;
Ix. 6; Ixxxiii. 3, 4, 5.
Protasis, Ixvi. 5; Ixx. 1; Ixxi. 1, 4 (v. Adverbial).
Proverbs, xcvii. 1.
Quam, xlv. 4.
Quamvis, xlix. 4.
Quantities, xiii. 4; xv. 7; Ivii. 5.
Questions, Ix. 4, 5; Ixxxi. 2; Ixxxiv. 4, 6, 7.
Qui, li. 5; Ixxii. 5; Ixxix. 1; Ixxxix. 4.
Quin, Ixxxvii. 7.
Quo, Ixix. 4.
Quod, Ixxix. 4, 5.
Quominus, Ivii. 6.
<M450) H
114 LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS,
Reciprocal, xxix. 6.
Refert, Ixiii. 4.
Se, suus, Ixxxvi. 4, 5.
"Sea", Ixxv. 4.
Sentence, kinds of, Ix. 1.
Sequence of tenses, Ixix. 6; Ixxii. i.
Sesterces, Ixxviii. 5.
Seu, sive, li. 5; Iv. 4; Ivii. 6.
" Should ", lii. 6.
Subjunctive, v. Moods.
Subordinate clause, Ix. 2; Ixvi. 1, 5; Ixvii. 1; Ixviii. 1; Ixix. 1; Ixx, 3
(v. Adverbial).
Sunt qui, Ixvii. 6.
Supines, Ivi. 3; Ixi. 2; Ixxiv. 1.
Syncopated forms, xi. 3; xxvi. 2; xxvii. 1.
Tenses, xc. 1; xci. 1; xcii. 1; xciii. 1; xciv. 1: xcv. 1, 4.
" That ", Ixxii. 7.
Time, xxxix. 7; xL 5; xciv. 4.
-" us pure ", xxiv. 7.
Verbs, principal parts, passim.
„ compound, vi. 1, 5; xlvii. 5.
„ deponent, xvi. 7; xvii. 7.
„ derivative, vi. 2; xx. 3; xxvii. 1; xxxvii. 6.
„ impersonal, xvi. 6; Ixi. 5.
„ in -io, v. 4.
„ passive, vi. 6; vii. 6; ix. 4.
„ reduplicating, v. 3; xxii. 5.
special, iv. 6; v. 5, 6; viii. 6; xv. 5; xx. 6, 7; xli. 5; lii. 3, 7.
„ transitive and intransitive, xiii. 3.
„ of fearing, 1. 5; Ixxii. 2; Ixxiii. 4.
,, of preventing, Ixvii. 5.
„ with special cases, xxxiv. 5; xxxv. 8; xlviii. 6; Ixiv. 4; xciv. 5;
xcvi. 2.
Wishes, xxxvii. 4; xliv. 4; IxxL 2; Ixxvi. 3.
"Without", liv. 4.
Words and phrases, to explain or translate, passim.
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