fifteen parts. Soft velluia Covers.
Our copy os imperfect becuase it wants leaves l69-^0 of vol.I (in-
cluding Bk. I of Posteriora resolutoria ) .
The i^ritish Iteeum has a copy.
TITLE
PAGE
TO
VOLUIIE 3
Tertium Volumen. /AHISTOTELIS/ STaGIRITAE/ LIBRI/ itoralem totam Philosophiam/
complectentes,/ CVI-l/ AVERROIS CORDVlENSIS/ IN M0R4LIA NICOMACHIA/ EXPOSITIONE , /
Et in Piatonis Libros de Republica/Paraphrasi:/ Quorum indicem versa pagina
explanat./[ Printer 's devicej/VBNETIIS AP7D IVNTAS/ li. D. LXXIIII./
Leaves308'^- 320,'' i.e. signatures QQ4^ - 'SBB^
-f. 308 reads:
LEONARDI ARETINI VIRI CLARISS./ IN LIBROS OECONOMICÜRVM
ARIST./ AD COSMVlyl >iEDICEM FLOxtENTINVlV PRAEFATIO./
preface starts with a wood cut inital "P" and reads:
Pretiosa sunt interdum parui corporis munuscula, quod
lapilli gemmaeq;/... N\mc ad textum Aristo-/ telis
veniamus./
-?.309 reads:
ARISTOTELIS/ OECONOlHCORVlV LIBER PRMTS/ Leonardo
Aretino interprete./
sV
-i.320 reads: At end of second column, in italic-
Librorum OeconomicoiTum, Aretino inter-/ prete, ac
explanatore finis./ Kos eosdem libros a Donato etiam in/
LatinijjD vel versos, vel explanatus, vna/ cum altero ab
eo addito, hie apposuimus:cu/ex eorum altera tan tum
translatione , Are-/tini scilicet, aut Donati, negocio
huic plene/satisfieri poy3e minima videretur,/
Aristotlö.
ARISTCTELIS/STAGIRITAE/ OMIA QUAE EXTAUT OPERA/ Nunc primum selecUs
translationibus , collatisque cum graecis emendatissimis/ exemplaribust
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IN EA OPERA OKNES QVI AD NCS PERVSlffiRE/ COtaffiNTAPJI , / Aliique ipsiu^ in
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visi, nuper a lACOB MANTINO sunt conuersi:/AliJ ab eodem clarius ac fidelius,
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codicibus Philosophorum hac nostra aetate/celeberrimorum, innumeris pene
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M D LH./
Library has volume one only of this Giuntian Aristotle.
Arlstotl«.
AKISfOTELIS/ STAOISITAB/ PSRIPATETIOORÜM ^RINCIPIS/ SB FHXSIOO kWm/
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Gontradlatloinai Solutionaa aupar/Taztua A llbro-/ru» ordinam
ooUaataa» & qoaa anandatlaaiwia riota dm^/mm notabllia» A
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Politiano intarprata* cPrintar'a darioa)
▼arao of laaf 176 x*aada in partt
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COM PRIVUEGIO RBaiS./
Ariatotla«
FRANCISCI/ VIOQMERCATI/ MEDIDLAIENSIS/ IN OCTO LIBROS ARISlOTSLIS/ Da
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ET 10 BAPnSTAE FBATRVM./
... '«
Aristotl«, 4
ArlBtoteli« qutnq^ d« AniMOlvai g«nerati<»ne/ llbrl aoc Interpr^iatioM
Theodor! ^asao/ ow Fhiloponl: aeu Joanls Qr«»-«Mitici-^oniiiantariJa
per Hi-/oolaini Patnm Coroy-Zraeum AceoratlaslBo/ « grmeco In latlini5/
eoimersis*/ [Prtntor'» doflco]/
Roeto of leaf 10? has aftor the tatt and tho ragiatnwi tho followlng
stalonont*
Venotljst per Joannem AntoniuM:/ Stephaxiia: af F^troa do/
Sabio .M .D «rKvi,/ *^anae ^ctobrla*/ [Printer a devicej/
Ariatetle,
B«und in one relvoas are the f ellowlng finir^ canmentarlea bj St«
Thenaa iqulnaa* Ihey are liated h^ ahort title enly*
S, Theauie iqvlnatla/ In qoatuer llbroa Ariatetelia/ d4 eoele»
Se nnnde/ eamnentaria:/«*«/ Venetila apud HierenorKiai Seotam/
MD L?/
S« Ihoaiae Aqriiiatia/ In oeto phyaloor«»/ Arlatotella librea/
coannentarla:/*««/ id haee aeoeaalt Robertl Ilncenienala/ In
eesden araima«/«««/ VenetUat/ Apvd HleronQrnun Seotm»/ M D LXZIII*/
DIyI Theaiae/ Amrlnatla/ In llbroa Arlatetella/ de genermtlene/
et eomrptlone/ eaatlgatlaalaia cenmentarla/«««/ VenetUat MDCIZ*/
i^pud Ehedem HleronTMl Scotl«/
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LeoBlceni*/*««/ Venetlla» Spnd Haereden Hlerenonnl Seotl«/
M D Lxxzvni*/
Ariatetle«
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QniMtiaiiM JMimi« da Janduna da/pfajalea «ndita nauitar «MttUta*/
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.—Xibrary haa anathar adiüan •£ ihm abava wark ,iha laat laaf af
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lapraaaum Tanatija inna daniai ÜBeeeerit dia TÜj«/
»anaia MaiJ ragnanta la indita Pirinoipa Lacnaiv/
do ^uradana*/
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FETSI VICTORH/ COMMESITäRII/ IN X LIBROS AHISTOTELIS/ Sa
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iCCBSSIT RERVM ST TSBEOECnsf — urabilim ^idaiz planiaaiatta«/
Oin Ueantia, 8t FriTUacila«/ [PMintar'a aark]/ flMERTia/
XX oFFicnu TncTAKntf M D ixxxmi«/
Ariatatla.
FtfRI VICTORH/ CannantariJ langa daotlaaijd;/ in traa übraa
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[Frintar'a nark]/ BASILEAE«/
Signatura Oa6^ (laaf 875 ) statea:
BA5ILBAE, SX QFFICINA lOAN-/ nia Oporini, Anna SalnUa
hunanaa k. D*/ XUX» Xanaa Hurtia*/
Ariatatla, (Tlneantltia Madiua)
VIMCEinil HüJttl/ BRIXIAMI/ ST/ BARIHGLOmEI LQMBARDi/ TERDHERSIS/ IS/
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O^conOTnica Manuscripts .
I.Bruni: in addition to the 10 manuscripts seen and described by Baron (p.l21
7) and Bortalot (p. 186:3) ,thero are thus far 29 (altogether 39)
U.S.: 1
England: 2
Belgium: 1
France: (Paris) :1
Gerraany: 1
Austria: 5 (Vienna:4)
Italy: 17 f ArezzO:2 ;Plorenc9:5 ;Rome:6 ;Vatican:l)
II,Medi9v:in addition to the 19 manuscripts seon and described by Lacombe
(p,76:13) and Susemihl rT^.?:additional 6)ther9 are 23 thus far
(altogether 42)
England: 3 (0xford:3)
Denraark: 1
France: 3-4
Germany : (Krfurt) 3 -
Austria: 2 - i 3
Czechoslovflkia: 1
Italy: 1
U.S.: 2
- 4
t 7
England: 4
Denmark : 1
France : 4
Ge rmany : 7
Austria: 3
Czechoslovakia:l
Italy: 1
U.S.: 2
Of the 23 mss described by me : 12 are ascribed in the mss.to
Durandus,ll are not ascribed to any author.
III.Henais: Baldinus Bernardus (Pome,Vatican)
List of medieval mss, of Oeconomica
I.Durandus:
1. Oxford, Balliol,CXII,n. 11 ;XIV
2. Oxford, Bodleian, 1218, n.8;XIV - XV
3.0xford,Magdalene,CLXXXIX,n.2;XV
4.Copenhagen,Thott 300, n.? ;1461
5,Faris,Ste.(j9n9vi^v9 257,n.2 ;after 1459
6.Paris,TJniversity,1032,n.?;XIV - XV
7.Tours,744,III,n.?;middl9 XV
R. Erfurt, P. 35, n.6;1393 - 94
9, Erfurt,?, 338, n.lO;b9fore 1438
10.T5rfurt,ATnplionia,0.23,n.4;first half XIV
11. Vienna, Hofbibliothek, 52, n. 4 ;XV
12.Schla©gl,Chapter Library, 22 Cpl. (456.b.)21 ,n,5 ;XIV
II, Translator unidentified ;
x) 13. New York, Hofer, 24, n.?;early XIV (Lacombe ;Hofer 16 ?)
14. New York,Plimpton,17,n.3;late XIV
15.Urbana,U.of Illinois, 8, n. 2 ;XIV
16.0xford,Merton,48,n.?;s.?
x) 17. Paris, Arsenal 699 (19 S. A.L. ) ,n.4 ;XV (Lacorobe ;Susemihl)
18.Boulogne-sut-mer llC,n.?; XVI
19. Berlin, Staatsbibliothek, 984, lat.fol. 40, n.5;1487 - 88
20.SSJimi5fl" University Library,app.dipl.lO K,XI,n.8;XV (fragm.)
x) 21, Leipzig, Academia PHmlina,7 (Suaemihl)
x) 22. Leipzig, Academia Paulina, 26 (Susemihl)
x) 23. Leipzig, Academia Pauli^a,30 fsusemihl)
24. Munich, Royal Library, 130, n. ? ;1459
x) 25. Wolfenbüttel 525 (488 Heimst. ) ,n.3 ,14 ;XIV (Lacombe, Susemihl)
26. Wolfenbüttel 641 (593 Heimst. ) ,b;1331
27.Prague,University Library,1902.X,«.l. (Y.III.4.n.32) ;March 3,1429
28, Vienna, Hofbibliothek, 5341 rüniv.857) ;XV
x) 29.Poppi,Biblioteca Communale,14 ,n.? ;XV (Lacombe)
30. Vol terra, Biblioteca C}uarnacci,19 f 6366) ,n.? ;XIV
Medieval Oeconomica niss.,quot»d by Lacombe, Susemihl,Ros©.
Lacomb©
Paris, Sorb. 841
Paris, B.Nat. 16 133
fComm.Perd.of Sp.)
Paris, Ars. 699, f. 75v - 78v
Florence,Laur.Conv.Soppra "^^S
fPl.Laur. Abbat. 5^635)
Sus©mihl
(Parisiensis 16 089)
X(Ferr.)
(Paris, Arsenal 19 ?)
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Haureau
X(Moerb.)
X(M09rb.)
MilRno,Ambros.R 50 sup,,f.83 r - ^Or
Milano,B.Nat.Braid,AD.IX.25,f.lr - 8v
New York, Hofer 16,f.97r - lOOv
Paris, B.Nat.lat. 16 107,f.34 - 37v
Panna,Pal.Pond.Parm. 6,f,lr - 17v
Puppi (Aretii\Bibl.Pub.ii 14,f.68r - 76v
VeYiice,Marcianus l8t.IV,46,f .1 - 14v
Wolfenbüttel, Heimst. 2i9 488,f.21©v - 220r
(mutil«ted in end)
Vatican,lat.2995,f.l71v - 175r
X(Moerb.)
Parisiensis 7695a
Codex e collatione
Maassii
Helmstadt 593
Leipzig 1337
Leipzig 1338
Leipzig 1397
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Bruni* s Oeconomica manuscripts
Quoted by Baron (164/65 ;120/121): • -
l,Vatican,Pal,lat.l029,f.l - Iv (Exemplar Manettis)
2.Vatican,lat.3347,f.38v - 39;1425
3.Florence,Bibl,Waz.Conv.soppr, C. 7, 8677, f ,66 v - ? (Sammelhandschrift von
Bruni' s Aristoteles - Ueber Setzungen; eine in der Textü^erlieferung sehr
zuverlässige Handschrift ;gibt die Notiz MCCCCXX)
X4.Plorence,Laurentiana,79 c,19,f,2 - 3; wohl kurz nach 1419
> 5.Florence,Laurentiena,79 c.21,f.2 - 3 (»»Liber Petri de Meaicis Cos-filii»»)
6.Berlin,lat.fol.582,f.21 - ?;1448
^ 7.Florence,Riccardiana 899, f.? ;1445
Quoted by Bertalot (186):
S.Madrid, Palastbibliothek (iTscorial) ,380,381,f .? ; 1461 von Antonio de Lebrija
(NebrAssensis) geschrieben
9, Madrid, Bibliotkeca nacional ,7687, Mitte des 15. Jahrhunderts
10. Madrid, Bibliotheca nacional, 12692, in der ersten Hafte des 15.. Jahrhunderts
in Löwen geschrieben und von dort nach Kloster Pöblet gebracht
11. Madrid, Bibliotheca nacional, 13 521, Sienna, 25. August 1443 beendet, kam erst
in neuerer Zeit nach Madrid
i
Aristoteles. Opera . - Supplement .
M. Opera. Omnia quae extant opera. Ed. J.B.Bagolini. Venice: Juntae
1550-52
Vol. 3: Libri moralem totam philosophiam complectentes.
Ethica ad Nicornachum (Felicianus) .Liagna Moralia
(Valla). Ethica ad Eudemiom (Bruni).Le virtutibus
(Chamaillardus) . Politica (Bruni). Oeconomica (Bruni.
f/onato).
S. Opera. Oper-um,q.uotQuot extant ,Lat Ina editio. .Sylburganiae respon-
dens. .Frankfurt :Marnius & Aubrius 1593
T.3: Tomus ethicus.
Ethica ad Nicornachum ( Lamb in ). Magna Moralia (Valla).
Ethica ad Eudemum ( Bruni *).De Virtutibus (Grynaeus).
Politica (Larabin). ie Republica (Stroza) .Oeconomica
(Camerarius) .
* The editor was uncertain ab out the translator of the
Ethica ad Eudemum; he did not mention Bruni.
0. Opera. Aristotelis Stagiritae libri omnes . .Lyons :Jacobus Berjon
1580.
Vol. 5: Libri omnes ,ciuibus tota moralis philosophia,Ciuae ad
formandos mores tum singulorum,tum familiae,tum ci-
vitatis , spectat jcontinetur.
Ethica ad Nicornachum (Felicianus) .Magna Moralia (Val-,
la). Ethica ad Eudemum (Bruni *). De Virtutibus
(Chamillardus) . Politica (Bruni). Le Republica (Stro-
za). Oeconomica ( Bruni, L onat o) .
* The editor was uncertain about the translator of the Ethi-
ca ad Eudemum; he did not mention Bruni.
Q. Opera, post omnes quae In hunc usq^ue diem prodierunt editlones.«
Ed. A.Jacobus Martinus. Lyons: St ephanus Michaelis 1578
Vol»2: Ethica ad Nicornachum (Argyropulos). Politica (Brimi).*
♦♦Oeconomica (Bruni). Magna Moralia (Valla). Ethica ad
Eudemum (Bruni). Oeconomicae publicae (Lefevre). De
Virtutibus (Grynaeus, Chamaillardus)
* De Republica (Stroza)
♦* Oeconomica (Bruni , D onat o)
Vi
G. Opera. Quae in hoc volumine continentur. .Venice: (Philippus Pincius
for) Benedictus Fontana 1505
Ethica ad Nicornachum (Argyropulos) .Politica (Bruni) .Oecono-
mica (Bruni). Ethica ad Eudemum libellus de moribus (Bru-
ni). Magna Moralia (Valla).
•\
Aristoteles* Opera » - Supplement
- 2 -
/
u
K« Opera
/
quae quldem extant omnla« •Ed.Phllippus Melanchthon. Basel:
Johannes Operinus (Oporin) 1538
T.2: Ethica ad Nicomachum (Argtiropulos). Magna Moralia
(Valla.Giraldus Rusus). Politica (Bruni).Oeoonomica
(Bruni).OeconOTnica II (Lefevre). Ethica ad Eudemum
(Uncertain *).
* Probably Bruni
c
X\
R. Opera, Operum Aristotelis nova editio.Graece et Latine. .Ed.I.
Casaubon. Lyons: Bubonius 1590
Ethica ad Nicomachum (Dionysius Lambinus). Magna Moralia
(Valla). Ethica ad Eudemum (uncertain) • De Virtutibus
(Symon Grynaeus). Politica De Republica: (Lambinus).
Oeconomica De cura rei familiaris ^ (loachim Camerarius)
DK 6.5899; Pü;
- Operum Aristotelis nova editio,Graece et Latine. •Ed.I.
Casaubon. Lyons (Geneva): Guillelmus Laemarius (Guillaime
de Laymarie) 1590
DK 6.5900;Baudrier I,240;N3P;DCÜ;etc.
Aristoteles, Opera» - Sditiona oontalnlmc noral philosophy »
Editlons before 1501 >
A« Opera« Wlth eemmentarlea of Averroes« Sd«Kiooletua Vemla« Venioet
Andreas Torresantis azid Bartholomaexis de Blavis 1483
T«IIXt2t Sthioa ad NiooauiohuB (lledlaevcü. verslon with oon-
mentary of Averroes)|Polltloa (Mediaeval Version)»
Oeoonomioa (Mediaeval verslon).
GW 233712338 (dlfferent typographioal make up)|liorgan L«
B# Opera« Wlth oosnentarles of Averroes «Leonardo Brunl and Albertus
Manpius« VenloetBemardlnus Stagnlnus (de Trldlno) 1489
T«5 i Ethloa ad Nloomaohum (Brnnltoosmenta^nr of Averroes)«
Polltloa (Brunl KOeoonmuloa (Brunl )«niyslonomla (Ife«*
dlaeval verslon)*
OW 2339|PPCP|ICTJj
C« Opera« Oomla Arlstotells opera tarn In logloa quam In phllosophla
naturall et morall et metaphysioa cum sul fldelisslml In-
terpret Is Auerroys cordubensls oommentarils« £d« Augustinus
Niphus« Venioet (Johannes et Oregorlus de Gregorlls for)
Ootavlanus Scotus 149^1496
T«2t Ethloa ad Hlcomaohum (Brunl) «Polltloa (B2unl)«Deoonoml-
oa (Brunl)« Physlonomla (Mediaeval verslon)«
GW 2340
D« Opera« Ed« Augustinus Nlphus« Venloe: (Johannes et Gregorlus de Gre-
gorlls for)Benedlotus Fontana 1496
Ethloa ad Hloomachum (Bsrunl) «Ethloa ad Eudemum llbellus de
morlbus (Brunl)« Polltloa (Brunl)« Oeoonomioa (Brunl) «Magna
moralla (Georglus Valla)«
GW 2341|DLC)CtY{ZCH|
Editlons after 1500 and before 1601 «
E« Opera« Wlth oonsaentarles of Averroes« Venloei(Paganlnus de Paganl-
nls for) Johannes & Gregorlus de Gregorlls 1501
DK 6.5955;
7« Opera« VenloesBemardus de Vltallbus 1504
Ethloa ad Nloomaohum (Argyropulos); Oeoonomioa (Brunl); Poll-
tloa (Brunl)«
Panser VZIIt366t231;
Ari8tot«l«8*Op«ra«
- 2 •
6« Opera« Quae in hoo volumln« oontln«nturt««Venlo«t(Philippu8 Pinoi«
ua for}B9nadiotua Fontana 1505
• •Politioa (Bruni}| Oaoonomioa (Bruni)*Ethloa ad Eademum
(Brunl)««*
Panzer VIII, 373 t902|PK: 6«6091|H)r|
Opera* Quae In hoo voliamlne oontinenturt««Vlanioet(Bartholomaexi8 de
Zania for}heira of Ootavlanua 8cotU8 1507
Ethloa ad Nioomaohxim (Argyropuloe)« Politioa (Bnini)*Oeoono«
mioa (Bruni)»Ethioa ad Budemum ;;iibell\ui de moribtuC (Bruni)«
Magna moralia (Valla)«
Panzer VIII, 384 «385
H# Opera» With ooiomentariee of Averroes and Brxmi» Ed«Augl8ttoii8 Hiph«
na« Venioe2(Bonetus Looatellus for)0otavianu8 Sootua 1508
VK, 6.5956 (apparently a reprint of OW 2340)
Opera. With oommentariea of Averroea and Brtini* Ed.Auguatiniia Niph-
us« VenioetOotavianus Soottia 1516«»1519
M 6.5957 (apparently a reprint of OW 2340)
I» (Opera ).I^ont Sc Ipio de Gabiano 1529-1530 ♦
vol«6: Ethloa ad Hicomachum (Bruni,comaeutary of Averroea)«
Politioa (Bru3ii)*0economioa (Bruni)«
* Apparently a made up odition
DK 6.5958|Baudrier VII, 172
•• the saine,without year* Baudrier VII, 170
«• the aame ,voliime not numbered» •» LyoniOiimota 1542
m 6.5966« DK (6.5960 & 6.6033) m DK 6.5958 ?;Baudrier doea
not list it
K. Operaa q.tiae CLiiidem extant oiDnia..Ed. Philippus Melanohthon. Baselt
Johannes Operinus (Oporin) 1538
T.2t
L. Opera
DK 6.5959IBK B.694|Pty;rrArr:P;
quae in hiino ueqiie die» extant (K&nia. .Ed.Hieronymua Qemoaae-
us. T.l«*3«BaselsJ.0perinus (Oporin) 1542
T«3s Operum Aristotelis tomos tertius moralen philosophiam
oontinen8,una cum Ehetoricis ao Poetioa.
Ethioa ad Hioomaohum (Argyropulos) .Politioa (Bruni).
Oeoonomioa (Bruni). Magna Moralia (Valla). Ethioa ad Eude
IM (Bnmi). Oeoonomioa II (Lefevre;.
DK 6.5960|lf^| B.\4,2sM; U'^> ■ hCüiT^^^^^v
Aristoteles »Opera»
- 3 -
«» the same» Baseli J»0perlxm8 1548
DK 6.5961
«• the same» laa«l;x Jgroatloannes Frellonius (Jean II Trellon)
1549
DS 6»5962fBaudrler V»214
«• the same» Ioro2itIo»Fxellonlus (Jean Trellon) 1561
DK 6»5965|Baudrler Vt253
«• the same» I^ons Antonius Vinoentius (Antoine Vinoent) 1561
DK 6 »59671 Baudxier does not list it| WI7{
«• the same» Lyons Io»Frelloniu8 (Jean Frellon) 1563
DK 6» 59701 Baudxier does not list it
M» Opera« Omnia quae ertant opera» Sd»J»B»Bagolini» Venioes Juntae
1550-1552
Vol»3 I Lihri moralem totam philosophiam oomplectentes (155C
DK 6»5963;BH R» 181-191 |BM 28.f»4-10|PÜ|HjP|
•» the same»VenieesJtmtae 1562
DK 6»5968|BN R. 175 2-1765 IBM 520.o»l-ll
- the same» VenioetJimtae 1575
DK 6»5973jBH Res »R» 1701-1714 |BM 519»o»l-12|FÜ
K» Opera« Omnia quae extant opera» £d»ZaoariU8 Zenarus» Venioet Comin-
us de TrilAjIo Siontisf errat i 1560
T»3 s Rhetorioa et Moralia»
Ethioa ad Nioomaohum (felioianusyoommentary of Averro«
es) »Magna Moralia (Valla)» Sthioa ad Eudemum (Bruni *)
De virtutibus (Alexander Ch«maillardus)»Folitioa (Baru-
ni }»Oeconomioa (Bruni iBemardinus Donatus}»
* 7he editor was unoertain about the translator but
assumed that it was Bruni»
DK 6»5964{BK E» 1619-1629 fNHC
0» Opera» Aristotelis Stagiritae libri omne8»»IoronsHaeredes laoobi lux
tae (Heirs of Jacques Giunta) 1560
Vol»5s Libri onnestqtuibus tota moralis philosophiatqtiae ad
formandos mores tum singolorurnftum familiasitum civi-
tatis »speotat toontinetur»
DK 6»5966 (gives 1561)tBaudrier VI,296{BM 519.a«7
Opera omnia in partes Septem divisa» Venioet Seminantis 1572
Aristotttles.Opera«
- 4 •
Vol«3i Libri omn^Syquibus tota moralls phllosophia« #
MC 6*5972f
Opera oonia In partes eeptea divisa» VenioatBlndoni 1576
VolftSt Libri oimastqidLbua tota moralis philosophia» •
DK 6«5974|Bli 521*a.37f KAStBf
Aristotelis Sta^iritaa libri omnas^^I^yont Joannes laoobua
Xtmta (Joanne Gitmta) 1S79
vol*3s Libri omnes^quibus tota moralis philosophia««
DK 6»5976|Baudrier VI,372|
the same* loronsJaoobiia Berjon (Jaoques Berjon) 1580
Vol*5s Libri omnes^qiiibus tota moralis philosophia« •
DK 6»3977tBaudrier does not list it|BN R 26896 iMorgan L*
the same« Venioet J«Bruniolu8 1584-1585
Vol#5i Libri omnesiqiiibiis tota moralis philosophia«»
DK 6»5980|HCL
the 8ame»Venioes(UorretTi8} 1584-1585
Vol#5i Libri omnesyquibus tota moralis philosophia* #
DK 6*5981
P. Opera,
Tripasrtitae philosophiae opera omnia««£d«Coelius S«Curio«
Basel sEervagius (Johannes Herwagen Jr») 1565
T»2t Pars aeounda operum Aristotelis Stagiritasymoralem et
oivilem doctrinam universam ordine oomplexa»«
Ethioa ad Nicomachtun (loaohlm Perionitis)«Politioa {'Peixi
onius)*Oeoonomioa (Biruni) »Magna Moralia (Vitus Amerbaol
Ethioa ad Eudemum (Bruni)«Oeoonomioa publica (Lefevre)«
De virtutibus (Alexander Chamaillardus)»
DK 6,5969>BM 8464*g.2|PU|CÜ
Q« Opera post omnes quae in hnno iisque diem prodierunt editiones«»
£d« A«Jaoobo Mantino«^ Lyons St ephanus Michaelis 1578
♦ DK lists the editor as J«]iartino while the Madrid Biblio-
teca Kaoional (Filosofia Espanola y Portuguesa de 1500 a
I650tp«ll)identifie8 him as Jaoob Mantino*
DK 6*5975
the same.LoronsHonoratus (Barthelemy Honorat) 1581
DK 6*5978|Baudrier IV,137jIU
gteftii»igr B >rQ a r 4 <it »ttw^^ m(3as^6M^isif^W9^
the same.LyonrStepnanus Michaelis 1581
DK 6.5979;BM 8464. h. 9
Aristoteles «Opera«
^5 -
R« Opera« Operum« «nova editiOfGraeee et Latliie««£d«I«Casaubon« I^on
(Geneva }ta\illleli8as Laenarius (Oulllaume de Laymarie) 1590
S« Opera«
Baudrier Zt240|KjP}PtT|IXSÜteto
the same.Ed« Julius Faoius«I|yon (Geneva) tOuillelnius Laemari-
us (Guillaume de Laymarie) 1597
T«2i Ethioa ad Nioomaohum (Joannes Bemardus Fabrianus)«
Magna Moralia (Valla)«Sthioa ad Eudemum (Aruni ^t)«
De virtutibus et vitiis (Symon Qrynaeus)«Politioa
(Bnmi)«Oeoonomioa (loachim Camerarius)«
♦ The editor was uncertain about the translator but assumed
that 1% was Bruni«
Baudrier It240|KH|iniC|KjP;eto*
Operum, quotquot eztanttLatina editio««Sylburganiae respond-
ens« «Frankfurt tMamius & Aubrixis 1593
T«3 i Tomus ethioust
1« In q.uo: Ethioa ad Nioomaohum
2« In quot Magna Moralia lEthioa ad EudenrumiDe virtu«-
tibus et vitiis
3« In quot Politioa (books l*«8iDiony8ius Lambinusf
9^10iKyriaous Stro2a).0eoonomioa (Camerari
us)«
DK 6.5984
./
Printed editions 1469-1600
I. Medieval versions
1. Version of Lurandus
a. v/ith the commentary of Johannes Versor
' b. v/ith the version of Leonardus Aretinus
2. Anonymous translation (translatio vetus) and version of Dur an-
dus comb ine d
a, in the edition of Nicoletus Vernias '.
b. in the edition pf Julianus Martianus Rota
II, Renaissance ver;=^ions ....
I.Version of L' onardus Aretinus (Leonardo Bruni; 1369-1444)
2. Version of book II by Jacobus Faber Stapulensis (Jacques Lefevri
d»Etaples, 1455-1537) "^ -^ ^,,^
3. Version of Christ ophnrus Ilegendorff inus (Christoph or Christi' rj
Hegendorff, 1500-1540)
4. Version of Gilbertus Cognatus Nozerenus (Gilbert Cousin, 1506-
1567) ^ • /
5. Version of-^fiSB^-^^äJ^^lronensis (Bernardino Do .ato, 1483-1543)
6. Version of Jacobus Ludovicus Strebaeus (Jacques Louis Strebee,
? - 1550)
7. Version of Joachimus Camerarius (joa.chim G. I • Kamine rrae ist er ,
1500-1574)
8. Version of Bernardinus Baldinus (Bernardino Baldini, c. 1515-
1600)
Kditions 14'""^ 9-1600 ,, ^rour^ed acoording to composition in vyhich the
Oeconoraia appears
'KP
Group I sj
Group II -j
Oeconomica only
öecoiiomicaTiEthica ad Eudemum
G^mip- IK —
Ml ''
Group E? ^ Politica. Oeconomica
Group |V •^' Ethica ad Nicoinachum. Politica. Oeconomica. ■
Group ^IJL , Ethica ad llioornachun. Ethica ad Eudem'um.Politica. Oecono-
mica. r.agna Ijoralia.
Group VlA \ ' Ethica ad TTicom'ichiim. Oeconomica. Politica. Magna Lloralia.
Ethica ad Eudemum.
Group Vlld i/'Ethica ad Nicomachum. Politica. Oeconomica. Ethica ad Eudem-
• ujn. !''agna Moralia. i
Group K!\/ill \ Ethica ad iTicomachum. Politica. Oeco>iom.ica. Magna LiOralia.
Ethica ad Eudemum. Oeconomiae publicae.
Group X iX / Ethica ad Nicom.achum. Politica. Oeconomica. Kiagna Horalia. '
Ethica ad Eudem.um. Oeconomiae publicae. De Virtutihus.
Group XI v' Ethica ad ITicomachum. Magna Lloralia. Ethica ad Eudemum.
Le Virtutibus . Politica. Oeconomica.
Group XII Oeconomica. Xenophon*s Oeconomicus. , • •. ;^*
Group XIII Politica. Oeconomica. Xenophon* s Oeconomicus.
"^ ID-.^ \ C 2 1^ V\\Q,^\Ji
li/\^iil
Group IX
Group X [a
Group XI
Ethica ad Nicomachum. Politica.Oeconomica. Magna Mora-
lia. Ethica ad Eudemum. Oeconomiae publicae,
Ethica ad Nicomachum. Magna Moral ia. Ethica ad Eudem-
um, De Virtutibus. Politica. Oeconomica.
Ethica ad Nicomachiim. Magna Moralia. Politica. Oeco-
nomica. Oeconomiae publicae. Ethica ad Eudemum.
Group XII )Cj Ethica ad Nicomachum. Politica. Oeconomica. Magna Mo-
ralia. Ethica ad Eudemum. Oeconomiae publicae. De
Virtutibus.
Group XIII Oeconomica. Xenophon's Oeconomicus.
Group XIV Politica. Oeconomica. Xenophon's Oeconomicus.
Group I Oeconomica only ' ♦
• ^ - • , ■ k. ^ ■
A. luedieval version (Durandus) ;/ith commentary of Johannes Versor
[Cologne rHeinrioh i^iuentell,c. 1491]
fCologne iHeiririch Quentell,c. 14951
B. Version of Leonardas Arentinus
1. V/ithout commentary:
[Tortosa ?:ITi'k:olaus Spindeler and Peter 3run,c. 1477]
Leipzig:Iv:artinus Herbipolensis 1507,1510
Cracow:Scharffenl3erg (ed.Georgius Li'oanus) 1537 'j
2. ^ith coraraentary:
a. of Leoncärdus Aretinur. :
[ Venice rChriatoph Valdarf er ,c, 1470]
Siena: S.^'icolai TTardi 1508
Id. of Dionysius Burgensis
^Toulouse :Heinrich Iuayer,c. 1495 j
c. of Nicolaus Berald^^s (metaphrasis)
Paris: Joannes Barberinus [1515?3
d. of Johannes Casus
Oxford: Josephus Barnesius 1597
Manöver :Guilielmus Antonius 1593
C, Version of Leonardas Aretinus and IJedieval version
f_Leip2ig:Gre^'or Boettiger ,c.].494J
[Leipzig :I.;;art inus Herbipolensis , c • 1499]
D» Version of Christ oi^herus Hegendorf f inus •
Hagenau:P.Brubacchius 1535
!!• Version of Gilbertus Cognatus
Lyons :S.Gryphius 1539
Basel : Johannes Operinus (in:Gilberti Cognati Opuscula) 1547
Paris :G.Iv!orelius 1551 ' •
Basel :Henricus Petri (in:Giroerti Cognati Opera) 1562
F. Version of Bernardinus Donatus
Vonice :Hieronymus Gcotus 1540
Paris :Iacobus Bo^ardus 1541
"* .'vi"
Group I
- 2 -
G, Version of Bernardinus 3aldinus
Milan: Ketius 1578
Group II OeconornicajSthica ad Eudemum
OeconomicA in the version of Leonardus Aretinus
[Cologne : Arnold ter Hoernen,c, 14751
/
9^^» up III De Vir tut 44 JUS .. — O^^-Ojs^aia«.
. Fani:IIieronymus Soncino 1504
Group IV! Politica. Oeoonomica
A. Oeoonomica in conflated T.^edieval version (translatio
vetus and recensio Durandi)
*
Venic e : Junt ae 1558,1558 ed. Julicinus Lar t ie.nus Kot a
3. Oeoonomica in the version of Leonardus Aretinus ,\vithout
comm.entary
Paris :(Geor^^ Y.^olff ior)l)urand Gerlier 1489/90
Salamanca: Juan de Porras 1502,1514
Venice : (lacobus Pentius Leucensis f or)Benedictus Fon-
tana 1506
Paris: H.Stephaniis 1515
C. Oeconomica in the version of Leonardus Aretinus v/ith
commentary of Leonardus Aretinus and Jacobus Faber Sta-
pulensis
Paris :H. St ephanus 1506,1511,1517
[Paris:] Pouset le Preux 1515
[Paris :j Regnault [15153
[Paris riehan Petit 1515]
Paris rS.Colinaeus 1526,1543
Editions
Group \.V
<
- 3 -
Ethica ad Nicomachum.Politica.Oeconomica.
A. Oeconomica in the old fVefsion (translatio vetus)
Opera. Ed. Nicoletus Vernia. Venice :Andreas Torresanus
and Bartholomaeus de Blavis 1483
ii
W'A^
B. Oeconomica in te«fti^ Version Oj h(y^ «^-4v^ iy^A^U^
[Strasbourg: Johann Mentelin,c.l469l
[Valencia: Lambert Palmart ,0.1475-14773
^Saragossa:Heinrich Botel, c.l478j
'■"i Venice :Bernardinus Stagninus 1489
Venice: (Bonetus Locatellus for)Octavianus Scotus 1508;
^ 1516-1519
I Lyons: Scipio de Gabiano , s.d. ,1530
;,. Lyons :Giuncta 1542
'^
'■^ jL>S/-^^^.-^ .(X/V-^.^-v
G
Magna Moral ia. -
. J.WI «_>b^ > AAW4« XttA ^i^ ■*- WV -*- «k V-<<L. - '--«..i.,..
aroup V/ EJhica ad Micomachum. Ethica ad Eudemum.Politicä.Oeconomicai
I Venice: (Johannes et Gregorius de Gregoriis for )Benedictu
Fontana 1496
\
O^'-V^-
Vv-«--w^^ t,m, --t/N^ *■
u ^^w-., .^ J /^.....a^ , (5^^^.
V^v-'»-^/^
SÜb^
Editions
- 4 -
Group VI^
Ethica ad Nicomachiira.Oeconomica, Politica. Magna Molralia.
Ethica ad Eudemiim.
Venice: Bernard de Vitalibüs 1504
(,<-V%-^
Group Vlli
Ethica ad ITicomachum.Politica^Oeconomica. Ethica ad Eude-
mura. Ii'agna Moral ia.
Venice: (Philippus Pincius f or)Benedictus Fontana 1505
Venice : (Bartholomaeus de Zanis for)heredus Octaviani
Scotis 1507
vm
Group JX
f r üi )
Ethica ad NicoTnachum.Politica.Oeconomica. Magna Moralia.
Ethica ad Eudemum.Oeconomica II •
Oeconomica in trie version of Bruni;Oeconornica II in the
Version of Lefevre.
Basel: J.Operinus 1542. Ed.Hieronymus Gemusaeus.
Basel: J.Operinus 1548.
Lyons :Ioannes Frellonius 1549
Lyons: loannes Frellonius 1561
Lyons :. Antonius Vincent ius 1561
Lyons : loannes Frellonius 1563
Editions
- 5 -
Groupl X Ethica ad ITicomachum, Politica.Oeconomica. Magna Moralia.
Ethica ad Eudemum. Oeconomiae publicae. De Virtutibus.
Oeconomica in the version of Leonardus Aretinus; Oeconomiae
publicae in the version of Jacobus Faber.
Opera, ed.Coelius S.Curio. Basel: Hervagius 1563
Group XI Ethica ad Nicomachuni. Magna Ivloralia, Ethica ad Eudem-um.De
Virtutibus, Politica. Oeconomica.
A, Oeconomica in the versionsof Leonardus Aretinus and Do—
natus.
Vol. 3. Libri moralem totam philosophiam complectentes.
in the follov;ing editions of collect ed v/orks:
Opera , ed. J.B.Bagolini. Venice: Juntae 1550
Opera. Venice rJuntae 1562
Opera. Venice : Juntae 1573-1575
Vol. 5. Libri omnes,Quibus tota moralis philosophia,quae
ad formandos m.ores tum singulorum,tum familias,
tum civitatis, spectat ,continentur.
in the follovving editions of* collect ed v;orks :
Opera. Lyons: Haeredes lacobi luntae 1560
Opera. Venice: Seiainantis 1572 (vol. 3)
Opera. Venice :3indoni 1576
Opera. Lyons: Joannes lacobus Junta 1579
Opera. Lyons: Jacobus Berjon 15S0
Opera. Venice : Joachim Bruniolus 1584-1585
Opera. Venice: [Morretus] 1584-1585
T.3« Rhetorica et l'oralia.
Opera. Ed. Zacarius Zenarus. Venice :Cominus de Tridino
Montisferrati 1560
T.2. (without separate title) of the following editions:
Opera. Lyons : St ephanus LTichaeli 1578
Opera. Lyons :3artholomaeus Iionoratus 1501
Opera. Lyons :3t ephanus Michaelis 1581
Editions
- 6 -
Group XI Et hie a ad ITiGomachum,etc *
B. Oeconomica in the Version of Camerarius
1. -,2 (v/ithout separate title) of the following editions
Operum. .nova editio,Graece et Latine. Ed.I.Casaubon.
Lyons: Bubonius 1590
Opernm. .nova editio,Graece et Latine.Ed, I.Casaubon.
(Geneva) :Giiillelmiis Laemarius 1390
Operum. .nova editio,Graece et L-.tine. Ed. Julius Pacius.]
(Geneva) iGuillelrnus Laemarius 1597
♦
2. T,3. Tomas ethicus,
Operum. .Latina oditio. .Sylburganiae respondens .Frank-
furt :Liarnius Sz Aubrius 1593
Group ZU Oeconomica. Xenophon*s Oeconorrdcus.
A. Oeconomica in the vcrsion of Gtrebaeus
1. ^^'ithout coinmentary:
Paris :lvlichael Vascosanus 1543,1544,1549,1551
Paris iThomas Richard 1554,15^2
2. '"ith the scholia of Leodegarius a Quercu:
Paris :Thomas Richard 1558
3. Oeconomica in the vcrsion of Camerarius vith commentary
Leipzig rVoegelin 1564
Group XIII Politica. Oeconomica. Xenophon's Oeconomicus.
Oeconomica in the Version of Camerarius v/ith commentary
Frankfurt lAndreas ^^echel 1581
Bruni*s Version
^.3 ^
V.3
iL
l,Bl
V -7
V.
* I - - - "i r
-t>
v'l
r T>. -^
tv
• " /v/[l4-69,^efore April 10, Strasbourg: Johann Mentelin] Ethica.Politic;
Oeconomioa. (Fref . ,books 1,3): GV/ 2367;Morgan,NjP;PU;
/^ornrnentar^ ;
V [ c. 1470, Venice :Christoph Valdarf er] Oeconomioa (PrexT^böoks l7>^) :•
CT 2435; St. A 902 ;PU;
' [c. 1475-77, Valencia :Lam'bert Palraartl Ethica ad lIicomachum,Politi-|
ca. Oeconomioa (Pref . ,books 1,3): GY/ 2370;rIKH;
(*) •• "^c • 1475 ,Cologne : Arnold ter Hoernenj Oeconomioa (Pref . ,book 1):
j GW 2434.- VHv^ft,.^ u^-L ^-v...,^t^_^^^ j
(*) ^c,1477,Tortosa (?):Nikolaus Spindeler and Peter Brun^ Oeconomi-
oa (Pref.,books 1,3): GW 2433
(*) ''c.l478,Saragossa:Iieinrich Botel] Ethica ad ITicomachum.Folitica.
Oeconomioa (Pref . ,books 1,3): GW 2371
' 1.489 »September 5 , Venice :Bernardinus Stagninus (de Tridino). Ope-
ra, vol,2 (T.5): Ethica ad NicomachLim.Politica. Oeconomioa (Pref.,
books l,3;commentary): GW 2339;BLiC IC. 22131;PPCP; ICU;
(*) 1489/90,January 19, Paris : (George Wolff for) Durand Gerlier. Poli-
tica. Oeconomioa (Pref ., books 1,3): GW 2447.
(*) "c.l494,Leipzig:Gregor Boettigerj Oeconomioa (Bruni, books 1,3;
Old Version [recensio LurandiJ ) : GW 2437
(*) ''c. 1495 »Toulouse : Heinrich Ii'Iay er 2 Oeconomioa (Pref., books 1,3)
v/ith commentary of Lionysius Burgensis " Lionysius de Burgo S.
,v, Sepulchrij: GW 2436
^ 1496, July 13, Venice : (Johannes et Gregorius de Gregoriis for)
Benedictus Fontana. Opera nonnulla. Ed. Augustinus Niphus i'*Agosti-|
no Niffo]]. Ethica as Nicomachum. Ethica ad Eudemum. Politica.
Oeconomioa (Pref., books l,3).Magna Moralia : GW 2341;DLC ;CtY;
ION;
(*) . ^c. 1499, Leipzig :rj:art in Landsberg"] Oeconomioa (3runi:Pref. , books
l,3;old Version ijecensio Durandi] ) : GV/ 2438 -^ i-
(*) -' rc.l499,Leipzig:Martin Landsberg^ Oeconomioa (Bruni:Pref. , books
1,3; old Version [recensio Lurandi^ : GW 2439 ; St .A 904;
Bruni*s version
- 2 -
1^3,1
vn
\ in
M
A \ i^ r.
u -^^ -i
!.U 3L \
Xl^z
«<J!
v\u
J b 2-
V.-
Editions after 1300
(*)v/ 1501,0ctober 22, Venice : (Johannes er Gre, orius de Gregoriis for)
Paganini de Paganinis, [Opuscula^ . .Oeconomica (probably Bruni)..
Panzer VIII, 337: 2
(*) • 1502,March 4 »Salamanca: Juan de Porras. Politica.Oeconomica:
GW 1448-1449 inserted (the comraentary of Ferdinand de Roa is
on the Politica only)
(*) *^1504,lvlay 16, Venice: Bernard de Vitalibus, [Opera^Ethica ad Kico-
machura (Argyropulos) •Oeconomica.Politica.ljIagna Ivloralia (Valla).
Ethica ad Eudemum: Panzer VIII, 366: 231
(*) v/1504. Fani: Hieronymus Soncino. Opuscula, ed. Laurent ius Abstemius.
Ethica ad Eudemum (Perotti) .Oeconomica : DK 6.6017;BM
v/1505 »September 12, Venice: (Philippus Pincius for) Benedictus Fon-
tana. Quae in hoc volumine continentur: Ethica ad Nicomachum
"t»-,,v";j (Arguropulos) .Politica. Oeconomica."^ Ethica ad Eudemum. Magna Mo-
ralia (Valla): Panzer VIII, 375 :302;DK 6.6019;PU
^ 1506, August 5 (nonis) , Paris :H.Stephanus. Contenta (ed.Jaöobus
Faber St apulensis [Jacques Lefe vre d*Etaplesj): Politica. Oecono-
/' mica (books l,3;commentary) .Oeconomiae publicae (book 2,trans-
lated by Lefevre ;Lefevre' s commentary on Bruni *s Oeconoiiica) .
First edition : Panzer VII ,520:174 ;;^ DK 6.7126; 3N;BM;NjP;
( Renouard ,/ ■ Tlst ienne ,1 T-T . f
v' 15 06, November 23, Venice: (lacobus Pentius Leucensis for) Benedict
US Fontana. Politica.Oeconomica : Panzer VIII, 381:354 (ascribes
the Oeconomica version falsely to Argyropulos, and gives lacobus
Pentius as publisher instead of as printer);M;
(*) • 1507, Leipzig: Eartinus Ilerbipolensis . Oeconomica: DK 6.6881
(*)/ 1507, April 3, Venice: (Bartholomaeus de Zanis for) heredus Octavi-
ani Scotis. Quae in hoc volumine continentur :. .Ethica ad Nico-
^^ ^^ machum (Argyropulos ) .Politica. Oeconomica. Ethica ad Eudemum.
lÄagna Moralia (Valla): Panzer VIII, 384:383
/ 1508,February l,Siena: S.Nicolai Nardi. Oeconomica (pref., books
l,3;commentary): DK 6.6882;3M;PU;NNC , ^) ,
(*) I5O8, Venice : (Bonetus Locatellus for) Octavianus bcotus . _Opera]
Bruni's version
- 3 -
ed. Augustinus ITiphus. T.2: Ethica ad Nicomachum.Politica.Oeconomi-
H''^ ca (pref.,books 1,3): DK 6.5956 (claims it is a reprint of GW 234i
j^ I (*)■ 1510, Leipzig: Martinus HerTDipoleiisis. Oeconomica (books 1,3): DK
6.6885 and 6.6884
}^3^
\^} ^2■ , l
•-' 1511, April 5 (Nonis) , Paris: H.Stephanus. Contenta( ed. Jacques Le-
fevre): Politica. Oeconomica (pref,, books 1,3 ;commentary) .Oecono-
miae publicae (book 2,transl,by Lefevre; Lefevre*s commentary on
Bruni*s version). Second edition of Contenta,1506 : Panzer VII,
555:470; Renouard,Estienne ^1^4o ^;DK 6.7127;HCL
^ 1514, 1.'archjSalamanca: Juan de Porras. Politica. Oeconomica (pref.,
books 1,3): Biblioteca Nacional;nCL
I?\^.i (*) 1515,1'arch 5 ,Paris:H.Stephanus. Politica.Oeconomica (pref ., books
1,3): Panzer VIII,25 :804 ;Renouard,Estienne 1,17; DK 6.7130
(*)^ 1515 , [Paris) : Pouset le Preux. Contenta (ed. Jacques Lefevre) :Poli-
tica. Oeconomica (pref ., books 1,3 ; commentary ; Lefevre * s commentary
on Bruni*s version) .Oeconomiae publicae (book 2,transl.by Lefevre )|
DK 6.7128
(*) 1515 , Paris*] : Regnault . Contenta (ed. Jacques Lefevre): Politica.
Oeconomica (pref ,, books 1,3 ; commentary ;Lefevre * s commentary on
3runi*s version): DK 6.7129
IfJE.i- -^ fl5 15 , Paris :Iehan Petit] Contenta (ed. Jacques Lefevre): Politica.
Oeconomica (pref ., books l,3;commentary;Lefevre* s commentary on
Bruni*s version); Oeconomiae publicae (book 2,transl.by Lefevre):
- - V NN
/,3. (*) 1516 (-1519) , Venice: Octavianus Sc otus.[ Opera, ed. Augustinus Niph-
usj.T.2: Ethica ad ITicom.achum. Politica. Oeconomica (pref., books 1,
3): DK 6.5957 (claims it is a reprint of GW 2340)
Tu -^ 2. (*) 1517, Paris: H.Stephanus. Contenta (ed. Jacques Lefevre) :Politica.
Oeconomica (pref., books 1, 3; commentary ;Lef evre * s commentary on
Bruni^s version) ; Oeconomiae publicae (book 2,transl.by Lefevre):
Renouard:,Estienne 1,20
'i<-.
V (reported)
1521,Pavia: J.Paucidrapius de Burgofranco. Ethica ad Nicomachum.
r Oeconomica (pref., books 1,3): ICU
I?,^ 2. (*) 1526, April 30, Paris :S.Colinaeus. In hoc libro contenta (ed.Jacquei
Bruni's version
- 4 -
s/
' J2. z
ViJH
X
IX
Lefevre) :Politica. Oeconomica (pref . ,"books 1,3 ;commentary;Lefev-
re*s commentary on Bruni's version). Oeconomiae publicae (book 2.;'
transl.by Lefevre): Renouard,Colines,76;DK 6«713X;BIc'I;BN
(*) 1530, Lyons: Scipio de Gabiano. [Opera] vol.6 : Ethica ad Nicomachum.^
Politica. Oeconomica (pref . ,books 1,3): Baudrier, Bibliographie
Lyonnaise , VII , 172
1 (*) 1537,Cracov/^:Scharffenberg. Oeconomica, Greek and Latin, ed.Georgius
Libanus (pref . ,books 1,3): DK 6.6859
.' 1558, Basel: Johannes Operinus. Opera, ed. Philippus Melanchthon.
T.2: niisc. Oeconomica (books 1,3; coLomentary of Raphael ^Maf feil
Voalterranus ) , Oeconomiae II (Lefevre* s version; commentary of
Kaphael Volaterranus) : LK 6.5959;BN;PU
^ 1542 , Basel: J. Operinus. Opera, ed. Hieronymus Gemusaeus. T.3:0perum
Aristotelis tomus tertius moralem philosophiam continens: Ethica
ad Nicomachum (Argyropulos) .Politica. Oeconomica (pref ., books 1,
3). llagna T.'.oralia (Valla) .Ethica ad Eudemum. Oeconomica II (Le-
vre): DK 6.5960;BN;3Iv'l;NjP;Folger
(*) 2. 1542, Lyons :GiunGta,tOpera ?"] Ethica ad Nicomachum. Politica. Oeco-
nomica (books 1,3): LK (6.5960a and 6.6033)
(*) 1543 , Paris :S.Colinaeus . In hoc libro contenta (ed.Jacq.ues Lefevre|
Politica. Oeconomica (pref ., books 1,3 ; commentary ; Lefevre * s com-
mentary on Bruni's version) .Oeconomiae pu licae (book 2,transl.
by Lefevre): Renouard,Colines ,367;r)K 6.7135;BN;.
'•^1550, Venice :Juntae. Opera, ed. J.B.Bagolini (1550-1552) .Vol. 3 : Li-
bri moralem tot am philosophiam complectentes. Ethica ad Nicoma-
r """^ r chum (Felicianus) .Magna Moralia (Valla) .Ethica ad Eudemum. Le
.' virtutibus libellus (Chamaillardus) .Politica. Oeconomica (Bruni:
pref., books l,3)l)onato! s version): DK 6.5963 ;BIv:; BN; PU
(*) 1548, Basel :J. Operinus. Opera, ed. Hieronymus Gemusaeus. T.3:..Oeco-j
mica (pref ., books 1,3)... :DK 6.596l;BN
(*) ' 1549,Lyons : loannes Frellonius. Opera, ed. Hier onym.us Gemusaeus.
T.3: ..Oeconomica (pref ., books 1,3) . • :Baudrier V,214;DK 6.5962;
BN
Bruni*s version
- 5 -
^\ ^ v/ 1560, Venice iCominus de Tridino Montisf errat i. Opera, ed. Zacarius
Zenarus, T.3: Rhetorica et I.loralia. Ethica ad Nicomachiim (Feli-
cianus) .Magna Lloralia (Valla) .Ethica ad Eudemum. De virtutibus
(Chamaillardus) .Politica. Oeoonomica (pref . ,books l,3;Donato's
Version): DK 6.5964;BN;N1TC
(*) 1560, Lyons :Haeredes lacobi luntae. Opera. Vol.5: Libri oranes,
quibus tota moralis philosophia,ciuae ad formandos mores tum sin-
guloruin,tiim familiae,tuiTi civitatis , spectat ,continetur: ..Oecono-
mica (books l,3;Iionato* s version) ., :Baudrier VI,296;DK 6.5966;
BM
ix (*)
X (Reported)
y\ (*)
/
X (*)
M
(Reported)
156l,Lyons:Io.Frellonius, Opera, ed. Hieronymus Gemusaeus. T.3:..
Oeconomica (pref ., books 1,3). . :Baudrier V,253;]JK 6.5965 ;BN
1561, Lyons rAntonius Vincent ius .Opera, ed. Hieronymus Gemusaeus.
T.3: . .Oeconomica (pref ., books l,3;Maffei*s commentary) . . :LK
6. 5 967, -^U
1562, Venice :Junctae. Opera, ed. J.B.Bagolini. Vol. 3: Libri moralem
totam philooophiam complectentes :. .Oeconomica (pref., books 1,3;
Lonato's version); LK 6.5968;3N;BM
1563, Basel rliervagius. Opera, ed. Coelius S.Curio. T.2: Pars secundt
operum Aristotelis Stagiritae , moralem et civilem doctrinam uni-
versam ordine complexa: Ethica ad iM'icomachum (Perionius) .Politics
(Perionius). Oeconomica (pref ., books 1,3). Magna Lioralia (Amer-
bach). Ethica ad Eudemum. Oeconomiae publicae (book 2,transl.by
Lefevre).De virtutibus (Chamaillardus): LK 6.5969;BM;Cty
1563, Lyons : lo.Frellonius. Opera, ed. Hieronymus Gemusaeus. T.3:
misc. , Oeconomica (pref ., books 1,3) . .Oeconomica II (Lefevre):
LK 6.5970
1572, Venice :Seminantis . Opera (omnia in partes Septem divisa).
Vol. 3: Libri ornnes ,q.uibus tota mornlis philosophia. . : . .Oeconomics'
(books l,3;Lonato's Version) :DK 6.5972;LLC (index only)
ed.Bagolini
1574,Venice: Juntae. Opera (1573-1575) .Vol. 3. Libri moralem totam
philosophiam complectentes :. .Oeconomica (pref., books l,3;Lonato's|
Version): DK 6.5973 ;BN;BM;PU;HCL
1576, Venice :Gasparis Bindoni. Opera (omnia in partes septem di-
sa) .Vol. 5 .Libri omnes,ci.uibus tota moralis philosophia: . .Oeco-
Bruni's version
- 6 -
nomioa (books 1,3 ;Iionato' s version): LK 6.5974 ;BM;KAStB
(*) 1578, Lyons iS.Michaelis. Opera, ed. A.Jacobus Martinus (Mantino?).
T.2. misc. Oeconomica (books l,2;Lonato's version) .Oeconomica
II (Lefevre): DK 6.5975
(*) 1579, Lyons rioannes Oacobus lunta. Opera.Vol.5.Libri omnes,quibus
tota moralis philosophia. . :misc. , Oeconomica (books l,5;Donato's
Version): Baudrier VI,372;LK 6.5976
1580,Lyons:Iacobus Berjon. Opera. Vol. 5. Libri omnes ,ciuibus tota
moralis philosophia. . :misc. , Oeconomica. (books l,3;Lonato's Ver-
sion): DK 6.5977;3N;Llorgan
(Reported). 1581, Lyons :Bartholomaeus Honoratus. Opera, ed. A.Jacob Martinus
(Mantino?). T.2. misc. , Oeconomica (books 1,2; Donators version);
Oeconomica II (Lefevre): Baudrier IV,137;DK 6.5978;IU
A.
(*) 1581, Lyons :S. Michaelis. Opera, ed. Jacobus Martinus (Mantino?).
T.2. misc. , Oeconomica (books 1,3 ;Lonato:*s version) ;Oeconomica
II (Lefevre): DK 6.5979;BM
•v 1585 '^i^&5:^,Venice:Ioachim Brimiolus .Operajed. loan.Marinelli.
Vol.5.Libri omnes,quibus tota moralis philosophia..: misc,
Oeconomica (books l,3;Donato*s version): DK 6.5980;HCL
(*) 1585, Venice :(Morretus). Opera (1584-1585). Vol. 5. Libri omnes,
quibus tota moralis philosophia. . :misc. , Oeconomica (books 1,3;
Donators version): DK 6.5981
'^ 1597, Oxford :Josephus Barnesius. Thesaurus Oeoonomiae ,seu commen-
tarius in Oeconomica. .Johanne Caso authore. Oeconomica (Bruni*s
Version, books 1,3 ;commentary of John Gase): BM;PU; Folger
'£ B 2- (Reported) 1598,Hanover :Guiliielraus Antonius. Thesaurus Oeconomiae ,seu com-
mentarius in Oeconomica. .Johanne Caso authore. Oeconomica (Bru-
nis Version, books l,3,Gommentary of John Gase): lU
X 3 :>-
Doubtful editions
1471,Treviso:Gerardo de Lisa. Oeconomica. Panzer IX,87:100;Mazzuchelli
II,4,p.2207;Hain 1774 now GW 2435 T Venice :Christoph Valdarfer,ca
1470:
["after 1500^n.l. :Aristotelis varia Opera novissime traducta. .Oeconomi-
ca (3runi*s version): DK 6.6013
Briini*s Version - 7 -
(JVCt^c^.^
S.d.,Lyon:Scipio de Gabiano. Opera. Vol.S.Ethica ad NicomachumiOecon-
omica; Baudrier VII, 170
TB
Omissions:
V [1515;^ , Paris :Ioannes Barberinus. Oeconomica (Bruni*s version with meta-
phrasis of Nicolaus Beraldus): BN *E.729 (3) ,Res.R.804,m.R.12; BM
519. b. 10 (gives the yeRx)
Lefevre*s Version
A. Editions sotttK* by Lefevre 3cr± containinr; his version of book 2
and his commentary on Bruni*s version, The arranF;ement
is the follov^ing:
Politica. Economic orum 2 (Bruni*s version) .Conimentarii
(Commentary of Lef evre [commentarius and annotationesj on
Bruni*s version) .Economiarum piiblicarum über unus (Le-
fevre* s Version of book 2 ivith preface l^prefaciuncula} )
Explanationis Leonardi in oeconomica duo (Bruni*s com-
mentary on his ovm version) .
l^O'^ ,Aii,f^^ist 5 (?) ,P?ris :H.Steph'^!,nus. Contenta: . .Fanzer
VII,520:174;Renouard,Estienne,I,4;LK 6.7126 ;ßN;BM;NjP
15 11, April 5 (?) ,Paris :H.Stephanus. Contenta: . .Panzer
VII , 5 55 : 470 ; Renouard , F.st ienne , 1 , 10 ; LK 6 . 7127 ; HCL
(*) 1515, -^ Paris u Pouset le Previx. Contenta: . .DK 6.7128
1515 , [Paris :^Francois Kegnault . Contenta: . .DK 6.7129;CtY
[1515 »Paris :^Iehan Petit. Contenta: . .ITIT
(*) D.517]Paris :H.Stephanus. Contenta: . .Renouard, Estienne ,1 , 20 ;
LK 6_.7130 estimates 1515
^^pril^.^
(*) 1526 ,Paris:3.Colinaeus. In hoc libro contenta: . .Renouard,
Colines,76;3N;BL:;LK 6.7132
(*) 1543 , Paris :S.Colinaeus, In hoc libro contenta: . .Renouard,
Colines,367;BN;DK 6.7135
B. Editions by other editors containing Lefevre *s version of book 2
1538, Basel: Johannes Operinus, Opera, ed. Philippus Kelanch-
thon. T.2: Oeconomiarum liber secundus (Lefevre 's version
witfi^SSgßSj£Jx*^^Maffeii Volaterranus ) : LK 6.5959;BN;PU;
NjP
1542,Basel:J. Operinus, Opera, ed. Hieronymus Gemusaeus. T.3:
misc; Oeconomicorum liber secundus (Lefevre *s version
v^ith commentary of Raphael [Maffei] Volaterranus) :LK
6. 5960 ;3N;BM;NiP;LCU; Folger
1548,Basel:J. Operinus. Opera, ed. Hieronymus G- musaeus.T.3 :
Lefevre*s version
- 2 -
( * ) 1548 , Basel : J. Operinus . Opera , ed.Hieronymus Gemusaeus .T • 3 :
misc. ,OeconomiGoruin über secundus (Lefevre*s version v«/ith
commentary of Raphael [_llaffei]Volaterranus) : LK 6.596l;BN
(*) 1549, Lyon :Ioannes Frellonius. Opera, ed.Hieronymus Gemusae-
us. T. 2.: Baudrier V,214;DK 6.5962;BN
(*) 1561, Lyons : Joannes Frellonius. Opera, ed.Hieronymus Gemusae-
us. T.2: Baudrier V,253;I)K 6.59^5;BN
(Report) 1561, Lyons rAntonius Vincent ius. Opera, ed. Hieronymus Gemu-
saeus. rp^2: DK 6.5967;-U
(*) 1563, Lyons : Joannes Frellonius. Opera, el. Hieronymus Gemusae-
us. T.2: LK 6.5970
1563 »Basel rHervagius . Opera, ed. C. Secundus Curio, T.2:
misc ;Oecono!T:icorum pu"blicorum c^ui apud Graecos liber se-
cundus habetur (Lefevre*s version v/ith introductory note
of the editor)
' Opera, ed.A.Jab ob I.;.artinus^
1578 , Lyons :S. Michaelis. VT. 2 :misc. ,Oeconomiarum liber secun-
dus (Lefevre's version): LK 6.5975
(Report) 1581, Lyons :3artholomaeus Honoratus. Opera, ed. A.Jacob Lartin.|
T.2: misc . ;Oeconomiarum liber secundus (Lefevre*s version):
Baudrier IV,137;LK 6.5978
(*) 1581, Lyons :S. Michaelis. Opera, ed. A. Jacob Kartin. T.2: misc;
Oeconomiarum liber secundus (Lefevre*s version): DK 6.5979;
BK
% «
Hegendorf s version (Christ opherus Hegendorf fiiius)
Biography:
Description: (Ledicatory eristle;book I,excerpts from book II)
(microfilm). 1535 ,Hagenn.u:P.BrubacGhius : DK 6.6858;
3M
Cousin' 5 Version - Gilbertus Cognatus Nozerenus
Biography :
Description: (Leriic- tory epistle,book I)
Printed editions (A.Pidoux, Bibliographie historique de.-- oeiivres de .
Gilbert Cousin. Le Bibliographie Moderne. 15© annee
Paris 1911, pp. 132-171)
A. Oeconomica only
(Kicrofiliii) 1539, Lyons: S.Gryphius : BN
(*) 1551,lParis5 G.LIorelius : Itaittaire ,111 ,441,600
B. In Gilbert! Cognati Opuscula and Opera
(Reported) 1547, Basel: Johannes Operinus (Opuscula): Bodl.Libr.
1,116
(Keported) 1562,3asel:HGnricus Petri (Opera): BIv:;BN;Bodleian
Libr.
Lonato's Version (Bernardinus Donatus)
Bio^raphy ^ ,
Description: (Dedicationybooks I,II,paraphrase of book III)
Editions
A. Oeconomica only
1540,VeniGe :Hieronymus Scotus (LedicationjlDOoks I,III (para-
phrase),Il): DK 6.6860;PU
(*) 1541, Paris ilacobus Bo^^ardus : DK 6.6886 ;Maittaire 111,324
B. Oeconomica in the Version of Donatus and Leonardus Aretinus
!• Aristoteles. Opera, (Group XI)
Vol. 3. Libri moralem tot am philosophiam complectentes.
1550,Venice: Juntae (Dedient ion,"books 1,3,2): DK 6.5963;
BM ; BN ; PU
(*) 1562,Venice:Junctae (Dedication,books 1,3,2): DK 6.5968;
BN;3M
1574, Venice :Juntae (Dedication,l3ooks 1,3,2): DK 6.5973;
BIT;BM;PU;HCL
2. Aristoteles .Opera. (Group XI)
Vol. 3. Rhetorica et moralia.
1560, Venice :Cominus de Tridino (Books 1,3,2): DK 6.5964;
BN| NNC
3. Aristoteles. Opera (Group XI)
Vo.5. Libri omnes,quibus tota moralis philosophia, quae ad for-
mandos mores tum singulorum,tum familiae,tuiri civitatis,
spectat ,continentur.
(*) 1560, Lyons ;Haeredes lacobi luntae (Books 1,2): DK 6.5966;
BM;Baudrier VI, 296
(*) 1572, Venice :Seminantis (Books 1,2): DK6.5972;DLC (index
only)
(Rep) 1576,VeniGe:Gasparis Bindend (Books 1,2): DK 6.5974;BE;
KAStB
(*) 1579,Lyons:Ioannes lacobus lunta (Books 1,2): DK 6.5976;
Laudrier VI, 372
Donato's version
-2-
1580, Lyons :JacoTDUS Berjon (Books 1,2): DK 6,5977;BIT;Morsan
. 1585, Venice rlo'^.cbim Bruniolus (Books 1,2): DK 6.5980;HCL
(*) 1585 ?,Vonice:[Morretus] (Books 1,2): DK 6.5981
C, O^^conomica in,the version of Donnatus,Leonardus Brunus and Jacobui
Faber . . ^ '
!'
(*) 1578, Lyons: Stephanus Michaelis {tiiiLiiixttMKxX, Books 1,3,
^XKkxxixl^i: DK 6.5975
(riep) 1581, Lyons: Bartholomaeus lionoratus (jBÄÄM3tJcxÄXx5t, books
1 , 2 ; MmÄkxixJt ) : DK 6.5978;: Baudrier IV,157;IU
(*) 15 81, Lyons: Stephanus Llichaelis (»iixÄiÄXXt, "books 1,2,
XxxXxl:^): DK 6.5979;BM
Stre"bee*s version (Jacobus Lodoious Strebaeus)
Biography
Lescriptiorx: (Dedicatory epistlejbook 1)
Editions : Aristotelis et Xenophontis Oeconomica
A, Editions containing Strebaeus* version of the Oeconomica, followed
by his Version of Xenophon^s Oeconomicus.
(*) 1545, Paris: Michael Vascosanus : Bunker 138 ,l^aittaire
(*) 1544, Paris :i:iGhael Vascosanus: Maittaire V,l,p.80;BM;Bunker
(*) 1549, Paris rliiichael Vascosanus: Maittaire V,l,p,80
(*) 1551, Paris iL'lichael Vascosanus : Laittaire V,l,p.80;DK 6.6887
(*) 15 54, Paris: Thomas Richard : BN
(*) 1562, Paris :Thomas Richard: DK 6.6889
B. Editions containing Strebaeus' version of the Oeconomica with
the scholia^ of Leodegarius ä Quercu ^^ger Duchesne]
1558, Paris: Thomas Richard 555^ : BN;CtY
s^.;-
Camerarius* version (loachimus Camerarius)
Biography: * • * ' . ' v
M ■
Lescription? (book 1,3 (from Tusanus' text ) ,2;coramentary)
Eclitions
A0 Camerarius* version of the Oeconornica. v/ith commentary,f ollov/ed
by his Version of Xenophon's Oeconomicus
!• Ooconomica only and Xenophon*s Oeconomicus
(*) 1564, Leipzig iVoegelin : DK 6.6890;BN;BM
2. Politica,Oeconomica and Xenophon's Oeconomicus
(Rep) 1581, Frankfurt :Andreas üechel iLK 6.6892;3K;IU
3. Camerarius* version of the Oeconomica only contained in collect ed
'.vorks of AriGtotle
(*) 1590,Lyons:Subonius. Opera, ed. Isae.c Casaubon : DK 6.5899
1590,rGerieva] : Guillelmus Laemarius.Opera,ed.Isa.v..c Casaubon:
Baudrier 1,240; BN; DK 6.5900;LCU
(*) 1593 »Frankfurt rMarnius a: Aubrius (Latin edition corresponding
to the Greek edition of Sylburgius ) ; DK 6.5984
Mii''arGh 1j
1597'iL5eneva' : Guillelmus Laemarius: Baudrier I,240;DK 6.5901;
System of Qeconomica editions in GW
A. In der aelteren Uebersetzung,mit Kommentar von Johannes Versor
B. In der Uebersetzung von Leonardas Brunus Aretinus
a. Ohne Kommentar
1. Lib.l und 2
2. Lib.l
b. Mit Kommentar von
1. Leonardas Brunus
2. Lionysius de Burgo, S.Sepulchri
C. In der Uebersetzung von Leonardus Brunus und in der aelteren
Uebersetzung
I.Medleval verslons*
The Oeoonomlca has been translated three tlmes in s.XIII (G.Lacombet
Aristoteles LfttinuS tI«Rome 1939fPP. 75-77) • The olde»t translation
exists only in a fragmentary form as marginal and interlinear not es
to the Version of Durandus (BN lat.16 089 [Sorbonne 841 and BN lat.
16 133 Sorbonne 963. in the commentary of Ferdinand of Spain on
Durandus' version) and in fragment of the Latin translation of book:
I (Wolf enbuettel, ms. Helmsted 488)", Of the second translation,Lacom-
be*s translatio vetus 12 mss. are extant* It is a complete Latin
Version of books I9II and III« The two translations are very similarj
except that the older one has many Graeoisms which are latinized in
the younger one» The authors of these two versions and the date of
translation are unknown. The hypothesis that Guilelmus de Moerbeke
was the translator of one of the two anonymous versions (P.Mandon-
nett Siger de Brabant ,II (1908),XI-XII and "Guillaume de Moerbeke,
traducteur des Economiciues (1267)# Arohives d*histoire doctrinale et
litteraire du moyen age ,VIII (1933) ,pp«9-29) has been rejected by
most scholars (M.Grabmann,Forschimgen ueber die lateinischen Aris-
totelesueb er Setzungen des XIII. Jahrhunderts. Beitraege zur Geschieh* !
te des Mittelalters« Bd.XVII,Heft 5-6 ( 1916 ) ?44c§ft^e, op. cit. ,p. 564;
Muckle,J.T« ,Greek works translated directly int o Latin before 1530,
II, Mediaeval Studies .V (1943) ,107-108). Susemihl ( Aristotelis quae
feruntur OeoonomicatL eipzi/r 1887, pp. XVI II-XIX) proposed that the
translatio vetus is younger than the version of Durandus because
book III represents a Compound of Durandus* translation and the
fragment s of the oldest version. Laoombe pointed out that mi^^Thm
au this compounded form of book III appears only in one ms (Floren-
ce, Laurent ianus Conv.Soppr.95 which will be discussed below under
I,2,a) whereas in x±i the other mss the text of book III is a pure
Version different from that of Durandus and that therefore Susemihl'l
s hypothesis is not acceptable (op.cit. ,p.76,notes 1 and 2). The
third and youngest translation was done by Durandus de Alvernia
(Durand d^Auvergne) with the assistcuice of one Greek archbishop and
one Greek bishop in 1295. Durandus de Alvernia (d.l296 at Rome) was
bishop of Mende in Langedoc,a distinguished st atesman, Jurist and
Scholar; By&afiftl^ StäfibaaegtBt (quaestiones) on Aristotle*s Periher-
- 2 -
menelas written in the tradition of Albertus Magnus was only re-
cently dlscovered (Grabmann, Die Aristoteleskommentare des Simon
von Faversham, Sitzungsberichte der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissen- I
Schäften * Philosophisch-historische Abt eilung. 1933, Heft 3fPP«l6-19).|
At the time of the translation,he was in the Court of Pope Boni-
facius VIII at Anagni. His Version, Lacombe 's Recensio Dureoidi con-
sists only of books I and III.
I. Medieval versions
■«
There exi.^t three medieval Latin versions of the QeconQmica, tv/o
anonymous (one complete and the other in fra.f^men'-.s) called the
translatio vetus and a Int er version,the recensjo Durandi prepared
by Durandus de Alvernia (Durand' d*Auver gne) with the assistance of
a Greek archbishop and a Greek bishop in 1295 (Hose,V. » Aristoteles
P —665
pseudepi^^^raphus , Leipzig 1863, pp. 644 - . ;tJusemihl,F. , Aristotelis
quae feruntur OecQnoaica ,Leipzi/^ l'^ST; Jourdain,A» » Recherches sur
les tradLictions latines d*Aristote . ^; Paris 1843, p. 442 ;Haureau,B. ,
Sur quelo^ues traductions de l'Economigue d^Aristote • /jina les de
la Faculte des Lettres de Bordeaux. Vol. 2 (183O0,pp. 397-410; La-
combe^,; Äf'istoteles L'tinus ,I,Rome 1939, pp» 75-77; for the füll text
of book I see Susemihl,F* » Oeconomicorum qua: Aristote!^! vul/^o tri -
buuntur libri priml vetnsta translatio latina. B erlin 1870 ;for book
II see Van .(roninf^entB. » Aristote.Livre II de l'Economitiue ,Leyde
1933 ,pp.l8-30;for book III see Rose,op.cit • ,pp. and Suse-
mihl , Ayistotelis guae feruiitur Oeconomica ,pp. ;e ctensive in-
cipits and erplicits of transla' io vetus and Recensio Lurandi in
Lacornbe,op.Git . ,rp. 166-167) .'^fhe . tivo'^'L^^^^^^lanslations the older
exists only in fragments ,e,g# ffis, Paris , Sorbonne 841 'vhile the
youn^^'er one e.g, ms. Paris »Arsenal 699,ff .75v-73v is preserved in
füll; they are very similar to each other but the older one con-
tains many Graecism v/hich are latinized in the younger one (Lacom-
be ,op.oit . ,p,76 and note 1).
i,l,a,"b
- 2 -
1. The Version of Diirandus (recensio Durand!)
Mss ; Lacombe, Aristoteles Latinus ,1 ,pp, 243-762 inventarized thus
far 49 mss,three of them frat^rments ,v;ritten in s.XIII-XV and
now deposited in eicrht countries (one in US). ,
Frinted editions
The Version of Durandus was printed four tiraes in s.XV. (a) Tv;o
editions (c.l491 and g,1495) with the commentary of thsxSaminiEaii
Johannes Versor (d.l485 ?),one time (1459) Professor at the Paris
Univers ity and later professor at the thomistic Bursa Ivlontana in
Cologne who commented Aristotle's works on Logic , natural and prac-
tical philosophy and works of Petrus Hispanus and St .Thomas Aquin-
as, (Prantl, Geschichte der Logik »IV«220 f ;Heinze in All/>:emeine
Laut -Che Biographie ,vol. 39t PP« 637-638; Grabmann, Die mittelalterli-
chen Kommentare zur Politik des Aristoteles. Sitzunp:sberichte der
Bayer i3chen Akademie der T/issenschaften . Philosophisch-historische
Abteilung, 1941, Heft 10,pp. 65-68) . (b) Tv/o other editions (c.l494
and C.1499) contain next to the v^r^rsion of Durandus the translatior
of Leonardus Aretinus. Earliest ms. texts present a purer Version
of Durandus ,v/hich gradually becomes corrupted and contaminated in
the printed editions, Deviations of the printed text from the ms
text (Lacombe, op. cit . ,pp.l66-l67) are signified.
(Inc): Tlconomica et politica differunt non solum sicut * domus
et civitas,hec enim ** subiecta sunt eis..
..Secundum autem a filiis feliciter ad senectutem depasci.
Fropter que proprie et communiter decet *** iuste consi-
derantes ad omnes deos et homines,eum qui vitam habet, et
multum ad suam uxorem et filios et parentes.
(Expl) :
tantum quantum ** autem (tr.vetus: quidem enim)
*** in group a decet is missing;in group b the sentence
reads : propter quod comji'Uniter et proprie decet
(a) with the commentary of Johannes Versor
(*) [c.l491,Cologne:Heinrich Quentell] : GV; 2431;St.A 903
(*) rc.l495,Cologne;Heinrich Quentellj : GW 2432
(b) with the version of Leonardus Aretinus
(*) [c. 1494, Leipzig: Gregor Boettiger*] : GW 2437
(*) [G.1499,Leipzig:Martin LandsbergJ: GW 2438
I,2,a
-2^
2, The anonymous version (translatio vetus) and the version of Duran-
dus comlDined
a, ThG edition of Niooletus Vernias
Micoletus Vernias (iTicnletto Vernias de Chieti) taught a Padua
from 1471 to 1499 and first professed the extreme Averroistio
doctrine of the unity of t' e immortnl reason in the whole human
race but \-/ithdrew frora it in 1499 under the influenae of the
iDishop of Padua (K.^^erner ,Der Averroismus ,288 tf;D±e Scholastik
r des spaeteren Mittelalters , IV, 138 ff;Ler heilige Thomas von ^
Aq.uino 2^ixi,128; Kagnisco ,IIicoletto Vernia, Venice 1891
Renan, Averroes"^, 35 2; Sandys ,A History-^ ,II,109;Ueber\7eg-Geyer -^-^,
6l8;Renaudet jPreref orme et Humanism 1,187). He made the first
Latin elition of Aristotle's collected works which v/.-is i^rinted
at Venice in 1483. Tome III,part 2 (February 3) contained after
Ethica ad Nicomachum and Politica the Oeconomica, Either Nicole-I
tus himself or a librarian coraposed a new text by inserting
parts of Lurandus^s version into the anonymous translation,
Hose (Aristoteles pseudepigraphus ^, Leipzig 1863,643) called it
a "so-to-say third version" ,\vhile Suseraihl (Aristotelis q.uae
feruntur ,Leip!5ig 1887, XVIII ) considered it as a fourth version
combined of Durandus* version and a the fragments of a third
Version (the second of the tv/o anonymous translations) comparab-
le to ms.Florence Laurent ianus Gonv.Soppr .95 ,f •199v-201v and
used it as source n of his text of book III (I.e. ,"XX;also 3.
van Groningen, Aristote ,p. 17) . In the following incipits and ex-
plicits the parts belonging to the anonymous and Lurandus' trans
lation respectively are distin^uished.
Ad l92»a (edltlon of Nlooletus)
..the Oeconomica» Rose (Aristoteles pseudeplgraphus »Leipzig
1863, p. 643) suggest d that either Nlcoletus hlmself or a il-
brarian composed a new text by inserting parts of Durandus*
Version into the anonymous translation and called Nlcoletus*
text "a so-to-say third version". Susemlhl (Aristotelis q.uae
feruntur Oeconomicae, Leipzig 1887,p#XVIII) assxuned that there
exlsted three medleval translatlons,mÄft ■ in whlch he was cor-
rect,and considered therefore Nlcoletus* text as a fourth Ver-
sion compounded of Durandus* version and the fragments of the
oldest anonymous translation. He polnted out that ms.Florence
Laurentlanus Conv«Soppr.95,f .199v-201v containiig a similar
contaminated version of Durandus* translation. The Florentine
ms^fS9icJ?eÄ txtaBdt that such fourth compounded version mtgkt
lucxs exlsted already before Nlcoletus* prlnted edltlon and It
SiiiS^äot unreasonable to propose that Nlcoletus mlght have ,;.-
used thls or a similar ms for his edltlon instead of hlmself
composlng a new text.
I,(2)(a)
h
-2-
(Inc): Economica et politica * differunt non solum tantum ouan-
tum doraus er civitas,hec quidern enim subiecta sn'ox eis,
veriom etiam qnod politica quidern ex multis princibus
est ,economioa vero monarchia **•••
(Expl) : . .Seciindo autem a fillis in senecta pasci felioiter ,prop
ter que oportet specialiter et comrnuniter iuste cogi-
tantes ad omnes deos et her ines vivere,et multiim ad I
uxorem suam *** et filios et parentes ****
* Spelling from the recensio Durandi v/hile the sentence
Economica. .eis froin the translatio vetus
** the sentence rveriim etiam, .monarchia from the recen-
sio Durandi but economica in modern spelling
*** tr. vetus and recensio Durandi: suam uxorem
**** the sentence: Secundo. .parentes from the tr. vetus
; ■ 1483,FelDruary 3, Venice :Andreas Torresanus and Bartlolomaeü^
de 31avis.T.III,part 2 : GW 2337, 2338 ;I,Iorgan ..^j
• %\.
("b) The edition of Julianus llartianus Rota • "-
T>ie 1558 elition of the Oeconoirica "ex antiqua inferpretatione
m
e duobus manuscriptis codicibus desumpta" by Julianus Martian-
US Rota,a professor of Medicine at Padua in s.XVI ,translator ^
of some of Galen *s treatises and author of a biography of Boe-
thius (Joecher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexiüon, III ,go1. 2244) re-
presents a combination of one of the tv;o variants of the trans-|
latio vetus and the version of Lurandus. Susemihl used Rota's
edition as source (t ) of his edition of Oeconoinica III (Leip-
zig 1887, p. )rind Van Groningen (Aristote ,p.l7) as a source foil
his edition of the medieval Latin version of book II. F.LIandon-|
net (Guillaume de r.-oerbeke,traducteur des economiques (1267).
Archives d*histoire doctrinale et litieraire du moyen age.Vol.
8(1933), pp. 14-16) relates the history of this edition as fol-
lows: The publisher Thom.as Giuncta rer^uestec"' in the 1550*s the j
Venetian Lominioan Sixte Lledicis (d.l56l) to prepare an editier
of I.Coerbeke's version of the Politica to accompany ^ reprint
of 3t .Thomas' comnientary on it. (Lost'"'§airions of St. Thomas*
corim:ient;"iry based on Tloerbeke^s translation contained Leonardus j
Aretinus* version of the Politica). Sixte Medicis v^ho had traniF
f er red 1553 from the University of Padua and the teching of
I,(2),(b)
- 3 -
theology to the chair of philosophy at Venice procured throupjh
his Student Cernardinus Laurent ianus a ms crf\.'Duranaf«r^ versircm
Xnov/ öe4^£. -in-. QlasÄ X of the 3t«.Larcuö LiVrary at Venioe-f~ya-
lentinelli,IV,39'/) and ^ .noth o r ms of the translatio vetus from
the monast ery of SS.John and Paul at Venice (nov/ ü od » 4 28 —(-?-)
O hS- itn Liljj^ ^giry) .and wo:E4t (^ a -ett:-^fe4^ ftrext in collaboration with
. the French humanist Muretus (iV.arc Antoine Kuret ) then re^iding
at Venice and the Venetian Dominican Kegiifrius Florentinus (Re-
mi Nanni). The cKaJ.ect ivfi^wo^^cr-was sent 1557 to Thomas Giuncta,
A V-~v-i
^hen it was pir3li3hea in January 1558, Hot a si^ned as editor
without making reference to the v;ork of Fiediois and his col-
'laborators. A note of Medicis dated January 1558 "sÄd attached
to the ms at the St tlmreuir Ll^raT^r (Valent inelli , ib id .i) and in
^T/'t'^-v^^ letter of June 25,1559 addressed to Bernardirus Laurent ius
and his brother (Giovanni de<c:li A^ostinijlTotizie istorico-
critiche intorno la vita,e opere de^li scrittori Veneziani,
Venice 1754 , vol. 2, pp. 40 9-410) inform.^ us ab out his misfortune
and his unsuccesful -ittempt to secure tkx acknov/ledgment of
hifi part in the elition.
The text consists of three chapters correspo:':ding to the three
books in Susemihl*s elition, A«---itur^aB4u-i^*---vers-laia---^o-Ht-frte^
onäry— b^oek^-^-I— ^3rd- -Ki ,-t-ii^-&e- t r^fO-^K^oks ar e g i ve^-^ln - 1 he--- -oxiffiliine d
veiTsion.
(Ine): Oeconomica et Politica,differunt non solum tantum uuan-
tum domus,et civitas,* haec (laidem enim subiecta sunt
eis.-«^* Ver"um etiam q_uod Politica q.uidem ex multis prin-|
cibus ,oeGonoi iica vero monarchia. ***. .
(Expl): . • .Lulce enim sibi cor et spes mortaliuin variam volun-
tatem gubernat •Secundo autera a filiis in senecta pasci
feliciter ,propter quae oportet specialiter et oomrauni-
ter iu^te cogitantes ad omnes deos et homines vivere
et m.ultum ad suam uxorem et filios et parentes,****
* Version (5f Eurandus in modern spelling
** translatio vetus
*** Version of Durandus **** translatio vetus
(*) 1558,V^^nice:Juntae : DK 6.7143;6.6888
1568, Venice :Juntae : LK 6.7147;3N;BH;NNC ;CtY;PPAmP
Ad I,2,a
A. Text of books I and III
(Ine):
B# Text of book II
(Ine): Eum qul dlspensare debet allquld seeundum ordlnem
circa quae negociatur non inexperte habere et i*
non Ingeniosum * esse et electione laborlosiun **
et lustiun; • •
(Expl):*.Induinenta etiam aurea et Coronas etiam auferebat
amalgatum dicens se leviora et suaviora dare. Post-
modtoB Indumenta quidem alba, Coronas autem albas clr-
cumponebat.***
* tr.vetus: natura ingeniosum ♦♦ tr.vetus: amatorem
laboris ♦** this sentence is identical in «tr.vetus
and Nicoletus* edition
Ad I,2,b
A. Text of books I and III
B. Text of book II
(Ine):
(Expl):
Eiim qui dispensare debet aliquid seeundum ordinem
locorum circa quae negociatur debet non inexperte
habere , et natura ingeniosum, et natura ingeniosum
esse et electione laboriosum * et iustum;..
• •Quetiiuot autem amalgatum phialam haberet, dicens,
atque recipio »auferebat yestes etiam aureas^'et Coro-
nas, auferebat i^*^^** Amalgatum dicens se leviora et
meliora'**** dare. Post modum 'Mhmc indumenta quidem
alba,coroBBS autem albas circumponebat»
* as in Nicoletus* edition and different from tr.
vetus ** itx tr.vetus and Nicol^tus: haberent , aliquam,
dicens quod recipilio,auferri praecipiebat . 'M»*^indu-
menta etiam aurea et ooronas et^am aureas auferebat
missing in Rota^s edition ^***''±n tr.vetus and Ni-
coletus: suaviora **♦*♦ Ssstiugbi tr.vetus: Postmodo
^ k , Cv g^r^" W v U-v-K ÖV»-k ^g ^ , ' ^^ -Hf lir^^vt A Wt^wt^w^. i '4 X'o.
l^VY^^r^-W Vi^ ^ TY^^t^-ty^ lr^r^-rr^ ^ ^^^^^-^t?, j f .^r>Vv^->^"W^4^ '^^t^),
^>|. 13^^ - >^^
_L2L:*?<=^iAs«=4^^ LcOi
^■^^•W 'V->.. ,7t>>yaa
' R^y -a. ^-^rAi;;^ . L-v t-y-KvC f/U- r^ Tg ^ l ^ H^^"^ ; Mo^^ ^- r-i^C ^ ^ ' ^ nX < ^ .
i^^^ yi't , 3 :^^[a. ( 'Vto >-r4->^io.: i^ -4-
>' «L»-»^ (K»v o . t 3
gl -L^rx^ (fB^-v^t-^^u ^ ' ^ d^^L^u^ U^eZv^.^^ 3^ ^i^
i W-w^^ -^^-utnflZ l^^-i ^-^T^ C^ ^ Jy^X...,,^ ^^^^'Ju^L^t^ ^ >r-A ■ > /^ >1>>3. .1 ( >K- .^->n^
■^^ "3.)
1
n
I
<
11
Uv
J±^._lk_x4.
C^A.A . ^\yjKy\. LL^
■w
A
■*=v
-A.
^;. ^' iC ^ 4-^»^a>^-v. e v^v I > V
IL
. ^)y^A^-^Ayay^^ ^ kvv>0^ Cjto^^^L.
. AV^^ n.k.,' xr^rt^ . ^ -^ . ^HVC>^/o, , [X^ ^ly^r-Ar^^
Xj
1
f
H •
Classification of Sciences - Seneca on the three branches of
philosophy
" .,. Aber, sagt man, wie ein Teil der Philosophie Naturkunde
ist, ein anderer Moral, ein dritter Logik, s|»o beansprucht auch
die Schar der freien Künste für sich einen Platz in der Philo-
sophie . . . . "
Seneca, Briefe an Lucilius, 28. Brief
(Reclam-Ausgabe: 50 ausgewaehlte Briefe) ,p. 126
o
'" " y 'i' ' ! i '> " ' "■ '
OECONOMICA commentary by Albert of Saxony
Fulda, Landesbibliothek, cod. C. 14 b. [Weingaften K.55]
Address: Fulda, Landesbibliothek ^^.-^-^
v^)
Lacoinbe,A.Lt.f'r^678, no. 926 with re:^erence to Loeffler,Die
Handschriften des Klosters Weingarten. Leipzig 1912
O
OECONOMICA coinmentary by Bartholemew of Bruges
A. Pelzer, Barthelemy de Bruges, philosophe et medicin du XIV®
siecle (d.l356). Hommage a Maurice de Wulf. Revue neoscolastique
de Philosophie, vol. 36 (1934), 459-474 ; iO-tT. u^ ^.'i-Cx »^^^«^
J
■:•*,
I i>i|- imn n
npw7y*^«r '^ j ' i '^^wmm ^y m ' i m.j. i cj »" T fT-^ M -yi^'aMWfgy^^*^— *^
■ I
O
Diffusion of Bmni's OECONOMICA - Notes
87
Check the English equivalents of
Hieronynrus
Gregorius of Nazianze ' ^i<*^-«^ ^iajv^ o. ^u^w/je^^
Lactantius ^ ^'^ oifC^
Cypriajius - O^^k^^L'^
Guarino's translation of Plutarch* s De liberis
V.
» ■
Dott»ssa Antonia Mazza
Via Elba 7 . - • ,
Milano (Italy)
Dear Dr. Mazza ?
Professor Baron was so kincf^o show me your letter to him
in which you inouired about the raiscellaneous ms. containing texts
of writings by Leonardo Bruni which you found listed in an inven-
tary of books that in, 1451 belonged to the Augustinian convent of
Santo Spirito at Florence.
for
Professor Baron identified ■ you the incipit of the first
treatise (Pretiosa sunt interdvirn ..) as the beginning of Bruni's-
preface to hiä Hernion of the pseudo-Aristoteli?^n OSCüNOMICA. It
is this part of the codex which interer^ts me , ■ • ana that was the
reason why irofessor Baron showed me your letter. For many yesrs
I aiL working on a complete bibliography of all extent mss. of Bru-
ni *s üECONökilCA Version. In an appendix to my bibliography I also
list those mss. which have been erCaiit in the 15th Century but
are now presumably lost. Since I did not find a codex containing
the two mss. indicated in the 1451 inventary among those Codices
from the convent f Santo Spirito v;hich are now located either in
the Biblioteca Centrale Nazionale at Florence or at the Biblioteca
Laurenziana I therefore presume that it has nöt^been preserved.
But since you have found evidence that such codex existed in
1451 I should like to include this ms. in tl;ie appendix to my biblio-
graphy. In Order to do so and to acknowledge my indebtedness to
you for giving me this evidence, I should vf^ry much appreciate it
if you were to teil me the source of your Information. I suppose
that the 1451 inventary öf the books belon^ing to the convent of
Santo Spirito is Viandv/ritten and most probably contained in a codex
or in an archive. Would you be so generous as to indicate the ms.
(folio recto or verso) of the codex or the document in v^hich you
found the notation : "Plura opuscula Leonardi Aretini ... animum
possent .** •?
With v.armest thanks in advance for whatever answer you will
give me,
(1951), 241-242 ^.nd 241,note 6; Angelo P.-aredijLa Biblioteca del
Pizolpasso (Istituto Nazionale di Studi sul Rinascimento. Sezione
Lombarda). Milan (1961), 125-126; the folios containing Bruni's
Economlcs version are there listed as ff, Iv-VIIr.
' f
Tradition - Text
4>,1. 12 : dition of l)00ks I and III in the anonymous medieval
\
\.
\
\
\,
Latin translation and in the modern edition of this
spurious work by Aristotle. To these twö books in
the younger medieval Latin version by Durand d'Au-
veargne and in the Bmni version,he added without
comm^ntary a humanistic translation or a humanistie
adaptatipn of the medieval translation by an tm-
known author. Grab composed his commentary in the
Npminalisl^ tradition ••••
.y
47,1.
baped on it
Bruni version with the commentary by the Spanish
Franc iscan monk Pedro de Castrovol who was provin-
cial of the Franciscan convents of Aragon in 1489-
91 (Hain-Copinger 4654) '^'^A
'Vx^Xi. ^^, >-4-
worden" . It is hard tö believe that Bechi should '
have been unaware öf Bruni* s annotations (as Voigt t
evidently was). What Bechi presumably meant was that
there existed no commentary in the traditional sense;
in the preface to hisvworkv.Bechj-sasserteg' that he^. a-
wrote'the eopnentaryt.: hie ?o;r.iuc:nt:.r7 tbüt -^e ^-lots
it because no one had "fully explained** the Economics
( *• ••• Yconomicorum comentari institui, hos tarnen
ego a plerisque in latinnm versos inveni, a nemine
autem ad plenum expositos ...").';
Note 111,9
• 2 -
\, ■
\,of the Constance Cathedral, feudal and well educated laymen, were
sul)porters of humanistic studies. In the Cathedral Library was a
copy bl Bruni's version of the Economic s with the preface (51),
mentioned^above an pp. 26 and 38, which was penned in 1469 by a
H^9^J^c^^a minor church in the Constance bishopric* A humanistlc
reform of the curriculum at the Latin school of the city took place
in the 1470 's. On humanism in Constance see the study by Zoepfl,
pp. 204-205 and on the humanists and the dissemination of their
writings at the Council of Basel see Baron, Humanigtic and Pol i-
tical Literature» pp. 135-145.
Note IV, 17 (Ottobeuren)
film of the Economics text. - The perusal of the Bruni version
as basis for a scholaötic Economics commentary in the Ottobeuren
ms. illustrates the intellectual climate at the end of the 15th
Century in this influential Benedict ine abbey which wps founded
supposedly in 764. Zoepfl in his study on 'Kloster Ottobeuren
und der Humanismus', p.2l6 observes that "the 15 th Century be-
longs to the darkest periods in the history of this convent";
political feuds and resistance to the reform movements in monas-
^were molding the scholarly interests in such
tic life whi^ch in the latter part of thät Century « outstanding
Benedictine abbeys as Stift Melk blockred the acceptance by the
monks of that convent of humanistic aspirations. It was not be-
fore 1508 that humanism became a dominant force in studies and
in teaching at Ottobeuren. With the election of abbot Leonhard
Wideman in that year and the attachment to the monastic Communi-
ty in 1504 of the learned monk Nikolaus Eilenbog (1481-1543) Ot-
tobeuren ^^.^-^^? leädership in the humanistic movement in Svabian
convents and in the schools attached to them.
Moral Philosophy » . - 27 -
the vita activa and contemplativa lingrred on and so did the compari-
son between Aristotelian and Piatonic theories of governinent ,seen e.g,
by Bodin in a st riet ly Flore nt ine Neo-Platonist perspective, Like
their Italian predecessors ,the authors were writing in Latin and in
Frenoh and in their discourses lofty philosophical speculations alter«
nated with realistic observations on urgent administrative and politit
cal q.uestions of the day. The perpetual references in philosophical
disputes to either Plato or Aristotle made it imperative to have ac-
cess to their writings in the volgare. Out of this Situation emerged
the French Politics Version and commentary by Louis Le Roy (Regius,
/i:.o{ - ^C^'>),first published by Michel de Vascosan at Paris in 1568
and reissued three times until 1600 . The last tv/o editions were
done by the scholar-printer Federic Morel, the son-in-law of de Vasco-
san, who added to Le Roy's texts his own annotated French translation
of the Greek Politics "texts" by Ciriaco Strozzi.
Italian humanists in the second half of the l6th Century also
devoted their energies to new Greek and Latin Politios editions, Latin
translations and commentaries,written in Greek and Latin, with some
important but also one odd result on subsequent studies of this work.
The two Centers of Aristotle studies and publications were then as
before Padua-Venice and Florence. In Venice two interesting Publish-
ing ventures were undertaken, The publisher Tomaso Junta had the Pa-
duan Professor Julianus Martianus Rota prepare a novel edition of
*^® Politics commentary by St. Thomas, no doubt in response to the new
vigor of Thomism after the Council of Tr^nt and of the studies of
then
Thomistic political philosophy which flourished at Salamanca and to
a lesser degree in other countries as well. The edition differed from
earlier ones in that it contained,besides the irolitics commentary by
•
*'
■#
Cocchi-Donati family
lauro Mar t Ines, Index, p.404
/■
•* '
. * .
J" . . ■
. .- • -i ,
.' - •
• > i/*t^i
-r
. • ■ -'. ■,:'■" ■ ■.■ - '•': '
•4
' ■ .• '^'^^'--VV,^;
., /;;i;U'.^;Ji*'
i.' ^'fe ^
^' ■'■:*;-■■
-
r ■ ■ . .'
-•■: ■ :fÄ ■•
' LEONARDO ERUNI AND HIS PUBLIC
LIST OF MSS. : Corrections and additions
p. 2 : OLOr/iOUC,Statni Archiv, 344 - After »PTUvodce ...p.l33' mention
(folios and Oeconomica content provided by Kristeller)
or (without folios and text anälysis); Kristeller, Iter
Italicum.
1/ p. 28 ! VATICAN CITY, Vat.lat. 3347
Baron, Leonardo Bruni Aretino, 120, 228-229
/ p. 29 : VATICAN CITY, Pal.lat. 1029
Baron, Leonardo Bruni Aretino,120,231
^' p. 18 : R0L2, Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale - Vitt.Eman. l.-t. 238
Baron, Leonardo Bruni Aretino,232
w p. 13 t FLorence, Biblioteca. Riccardic?na 899
Baron, Leonardo Bruni Aretino,120,236
v/ p.:i2 ! FLORENCE, Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale, Conv.Soppr .C.7.2677
Baron, Leonardo Bruni Ar€tino,12Ü,236
v^
p. 7 : BERLIN, Deutsche Staatsbibliothek
Baron, Leonardo Bruni Aretino, 120,237
'^ '
LEONARDO BRUNI AND BIS PUBLIC - LIST OF MSS. - TO COMPLETE
16, no.117
no.lie
no.ll9
28, np.205
ly no«l
2, no.8
PALERMO, Biblioteca Nazionale, I C 9
• ...Palermo, vol. I (1914) ? ;Kristeller
PARMA, Biblioteca Palatina, Pal. 239
• *■
...Tomo unico. ? ;Kristeller
Pann.170
... Manoscritti,vol.I ? ; Kristeller
Vat.lat. 11 453, f. 35-43? Books I and II
Codices Vaticanl Latlni. 11414-11709
(1959) by J.Ruysschaert,pp. 80-82
Chig.J IV 118, f .72-83
Kristeller, Iter Italiciam
MELK, Stiftsbibliothek, 1064
..• O.S.B. se3rvantiir,III (ms.),p. ?
OLOMOUC,St£tni Archiv, 344
... Prague, 1961, p. 133 (without indicating
pagination and composition of text)
p. 19, no.l36 SAVIGNANO, Biblioteca dell» Accademie,75
... Mazzatinti I (1890), ?
p. 30, no.218 VENICE, Biblioteca S.Antonio,s.n.
... Udine,1650,p. ?
-:?.■.■'•:
Mss. of Bruni's OEGONOMICA Version cited by Baron, Leonardo Bruni
V Vat.lat. 3347
1/ Vat. Pal. lat. 1029
. Rome , Bibl .Nazionale
Vitt.Eman.lat.238
Laur.lat.79,c.l
Laur.lat.79,c.l9
Laur.lat.79,c.21
Latir . lat . 90 , sup . 54
Laur.Bibl.aedili 160 ]..-i.4-
L. (140 in my list) \j^A^t'
V Rice. lat. 899
\/ Fir .Naz . Conv . soppr •
C. 7. 2677
Berlin Staat sbibl. lat.
fol. 582
•
My list,page
Eis pages
p.28,no.l98
*
no
120,228-229
p.29fno.212
not fully
120,231
p.l8,no.l33
not fully
232
p.lO,no.66
no ?
234
p.lO,no.69
no ?
120,234
p.ll,no.71
no ?
120,234
p.ll,no.75
i
no ?
235
p.ll,no.78
no ?
235
,p.l3,no.95
not fully
.•.11201,236
p.l2,no.86
not fully
120,236
p. 7,no.44
not fully
120,237
Ms. cited by Ruysschaert
Vat.lat. 11 453
p.28,no.205
no
80-82
Jos^ Ruysschaert, Codices Vaticani Latini. 11414 - 11709»
Vatican City, 1959, pp. 80-82
f «w.
-* fc. i»-
i?
OECONOMICA - Recenslo Durandl - e.XV - Provenance
' ' ■ ii ■' J J
1. (=2) PRAGUE5 1429, possibly Bohemia "^
**2. (= 5) PARIS! written in Italy
umJttoiA «Ufrintd
(= 8) BAMBERG: written in Germany
(=11) BERLIN: written in Germany *'"*"' — *
Ct
•7
4.
r:c;-
•'/r' :
^ ^ wl — ^
"*-f:.(^ dti/
5.? (=18) MUNICH: written in Germany (l^te s.XIV-e?rly s,XV)
<^ 6. (=21) MUNICH: written in Germany ^ "^
. 7. (=27) STOCKHOLM: written possibly in Bohemia
C. 8. (=28) VATICAN: written possibly in Germany ■
9. (=52) SCHLOSS HARBURG: written at Basel by German speaking scribe
.' i'i::. b • r *' ^'v,'-» '■
•;'/■
Ti
I . . t
j ;.
•. r
!• f
".' /j '-••»! . s'
■r:;«(.f :»
' > ■•> ..' r ""/
' '.■• 1 .:
T
■■» y
- \ r
f r
o; )*-r-^
•^
- i':5 '
; 1 > 'r <:-\-' r-; ->
rHiJ fO'.
• j ••■';•< ^ [ ^ v:': j'" '•''
•.",'/ - *
■■■■•• ■;,
f)
r r
» '
t , *..
Tradition - Notes
- 6 -
.' ■ • 1 .»
[Part l]
23
/•yi.}.
L.Bertalot, *Zvir Bibliographie der Ueb er Setzungen des Leonardus
Brunus Aretinus', Quellen tind Forschungen aus italienischen
Archiven und Bibliotheken , vol>27 (1937), 186, Rev. Dr. J.Lopez
de TorOfSubdirector of the Biblioteca Nacional at Madrid, kindly|
verified the content of the Economics copy.
In the long run
the more I thought about it, the less it grieves me . It is
better to present to the public a piece of werk which is ac-
ceptable to so demanding a reader as yourself than one which
would have made me an easy prey to ill-willed critics. I am
sure that all sorts of flaws will be found by those who ere
looking for them. But this does not greatly disturb me.
Now I
e
tave to v'ork on the ms. as edited by Prof. Bowsky,
inserting somerinformations which I received since mailing my
ms. to hiffi and to return it to the editor of the Press by Sep-
read
tember 5. Then I shall :•. the ppge proofs, since the Press
is skipping the galley proof stage, and wait until the end of
next year to see my monograph between hard covers.
alv;ays
While doing all this, I shall remem.ber the splendid part
you have taken in this enterprise by first bringing me in con-
tact with the STUDIES and then mrking such laborious efforts
bc
to give my eßsay a shape v/hich should more appealing than thet
one in which it appeared originally. Whatever I shall say in
print about my indebtedness to you will hardly match my feel-
ings of gratitude and Obligation towards you.
Although I have not heard from you since my last letter
and do not know about your whereabouts, I do hope you are well
and active as always, perhaps even affording a little rest
though this sounds almost incredible. At any rete, please
accept i\. best wishes arid kindest greetings from
yours as always,
i,
Distribution of mss .
Austria s'^'^' (6, before ißOO: 2)
Belgiiim,^^^ ^, (2, before 1600: 1)
Czechoslovakia (2, before 1600: 1)
- **■
1 ön« I BHooä ,i
tat^l ,|*3^5rt) a>£
England-
Scotland
France
Germany
Holland
Hungary
Italy
Pol and
Portugal
Spain T Ar
Switzerland
(18)
(15, before 1600: 3)
wa
(10, before 1600: 6) 1 from England (Phillipps)
(1)
(2)
(90, before 1600: 89) 1 from Florence,Ashburnham
(4, before 1600: 4)
(1, before 1600: 1 )
(27, before 1600: 25) I i>)icDo,r:^C8><»Ti *ä
(7, before 1600: 7) juk, ^r^
r '
f t \ ;.
USA
USSR
Vatican City
't ft f
T^:» :" •:.(•( >
(3)
(1)
"fi... ~r -f
>:;0^' "iT::; ••; l.: J- .> ill^^O (s^
T • ^r.'y .1 .T
^C^KjO ■■■>-?.v^^e;
/sei, VJ.^, )
(27; before 1600: ) ,
■T»-i;j T/;-<
a^.v
t^,^ l::i ^ ;^'-S'>i5V j 8-'
Ol
..-^ o:i r ^ :c'i
Appendix II: Bibliography
1. Earlier bibliographies
2. Sources of present bibliography
3- Distribution of present mss.
I
I
T7~
3
«r
I 2-
<#i*>-^. ^^*'
i"<^
OECONOMICA MSS. - INDEX
• eeÄ Ito ftoxjyjx.x?aj;vl.
S. Books I and II,coimnentaries on both books
Blt^^iSA
t
146 (frag.;[pref .probably missin^, 178, (218 ?),
(BI>
/ \
W-^reface ,book X,x5oniffientarie& on botfi 'b'OOks
.' :;
Qi^rn-^j,' ..!'-./. , i^; : :i ••''':c j 'i.
/^OT l i.
or-
( ^- rv..''j'^l, ••■J':.V;v.:! ,
^ K
M« Preface, books I and II,coiiiinentary on bock I
iN f ,:,
1^ ^r^" *^-'-*^' *'^-'-^'^^'^ L*^>----^-^'v.^..v,:i
21, 203f
f-' V-
. ^ t
(2) Commentary on book I; Preface, books I and II
102, (24 leaves between cominentary snd text)
3
M
68 [vacant-T^f'er b.l],
5. Preface, book$ Llsaok II, commentary on book II (see also 0.(1).)
ijST'^oi.: itä ir\s^^\i.; Ic c'-'>\:>o':: . ?^
Among the Aristotelian works on moral philosophy the Economics ,
traditionally but falsely ascribed to the great philo sopher,iias ±n
modern times the least appeal to the public at large. Its three booki
do not form a well structiired unit. They are three $gSgJiSi§ #¥$h
each deals with a süd^S^^ matter. The first one nxtk the conduot of
tkK family life,%he second with the revenues of government and the
third with the relation between husband and wife. Aristotle kxx dis-
cussed these three topics in äiI Politics ,most of all the affairs
of the family or the household. rhe entire first book of the Politici
is devoted to this theme and tiSiSäiSÄ^Säiii the first book of the
Economics may be linked to the genuine writings of Aristotle. The
third book of the Economics which dwells on the relation between .
husband and wife may in turn be regarded as an extension of ibkKxtXÄX-
±±xs Ä that part of the first book which «Slix^rth this relation
within in the family. The second book of t^he Economics, however,is
unrelated to the other two and only slightly related to iÄroc finan-
absence
governmnt and family alike. But isKkxaf the iaKk of internal consis-
tency fiSfiSjbxifeKXKXıHx±XÄXiMLX«Hx±ÄX is not responsiloie for the lack|
of appeal The absence of internal consistency alone would not ex-
plain jfeii8[x±ÄKic why tjie Economic s is lacking in appeal to the reader
in the past two centuries. Except fpr a few felicitous formulations,
the entire work is devoid of that profurdity and thought provoking
SirfiXKKtKti&xxfif deliberations wkix in which the genuine writings of
the philosopher ahound.
Moral Philosophy
- 12 -
II
The idea of composing Latin editions of Aristotle's Collected
Works originated in Italy (Venice) not long after the printing press
commenced to work. From there the Innovation spread to France (Lyons)
and Switzerland (Basel) and finally, after its maturation in the "
Greco-Latin editions, to Germany (Frankfort) and to new centers in
Switzerland (Geneva) and in France (Lyons and Paris), The migration
of this enterprise in Publishing business reflects in a measure the
sojourn of humanistic studies in the 15th through 17th centuries.
Venice retained her lead in the field up to the last quarter of the
16th Century in the face of keen and increasingly strenger competi-
tion from aggressive publishers at Lyons and Basel. In the last de-
cade of the I6th Century Geneva and Lyons assumed the leadership
while Venice faded out entirely. After 1600 the headcLuarters of
OPEBA publication were moved to Paris. In each center only a few
firms participated in the business and the owners of finhs in rival-
ing centers were in most instances interconnected by family ties as
much as by mutual exchange of Copyrights.
The vigor of this editorial and Publishing activity is niamerit-
cally impressive. During 185 years altogether close to 50 editions
were issued,20 of them first editions ^^ . In 39 of the 185 years
new editions or reprints were published,in 6 of the 39 years even
two and in one year— three different editions were put on the market.
The formation of the OPERA OMIA edition was gradual and the
concept of what i*t should be like in compass and content varied with
time and place. In regard to ob.jectives three waves of editorial
•f--^~-s.
Moral Philosophy
- 13 -
activity are clearly discemlTsle: the first covering the years
1483-1519, the second the years 1520-1588 and the third the years
1590-1668. The first and the third period were comparatively lean
onesiin the first period (36 years) only 10 editions and in the last
(78 years) 15 editions were pnblished. The second and most prolific
period (70 years) €U3counts for approximately 23 editions, nine of
them first editions. The seven deoades of the second period may
therefore "be regarded as the peak of this development and in more
than one way the most expansive chapter in the history of Latin edi-
tions of Aristotle's Collected Works.
That Venice created such editions, first in Latin trsuislations
and then in the Greek original, and that she held a monopolistlc Po-
sition for 36 years was no accident. The leadership of Venice resultl
ed from the interaction of her famons printing industry and the availj
ability of scholarly editors prepared to carry out this task which
was apparently initiated by the publishers. The University of Padua
supplied practically all editors of whom the first two,Nicoletus
Vernias [Nicoletto Vernia] and his disciple Augustinus Niphus [Agos-
tino Nifo] were reputed philosophers, teachers and controversial ex-
ponents of Paduan Averroism. Niphus* edition,as a matter of record,
was planned as an edition of Averroes commentaries with the Aristo-
telian works serving as texts •
Vernias composed his edition exclusively from manuscripts
of medieval Latin translations. He collected whatever works of Aris-
totle were known to him - and those were by far not all known at his
time but the ones that had been added in the 15th Century were human-
istic renditions -, Supplement ed them with the commentaries of Aver-
roes and arranged his collection in three tomes of two parts each. ^
Moral Philosophy
- 14 -
Perhaps "because of its orientation on the past,this edition was no
lasting success;it was neither reissued nor copied. But Vernia set
with bis three tomes and six parts arrangement a pattern for all sub-
se(iuent editions. One need not speculate too much about the rationale
i* i '.■
of his grouping. The distinction of three philosophical disciplines -
logic , natural and moral philosophy - into which Aristotle^s works
could be fitted,goes far back in the medieval scholastic tradition
and was current in the 15t h Century. But a more practical considera-
tion may have guided Vemias and his successors alike. Aristotelian
philosophy was taught at the universities of the 15 th and I6th cent-
uries in three years and the seq.uence of study followed the Classi-
fication observed by Vemias. Thus the three tomes and six parts edi-
tion reconmiended itself as a handy textbook for the entire curricu-
lum in Aristotelian philosophy. .
The out Standing success of this period was Niphus' edition of
1495-96 ^ ,divided in metaphysics, logic, natural and moral philosophy,
hov/ever printed in three parts, the first consisting of mentaphysics
and logic. Niphus availed himself of Renaissance Latin translations
wherever accessible. The use of humanistic versions was not an ori-
ginail feature of his work: an anonymus editor had already six yeais
before Niphus combined humanistic versions v/ith Averroes' commentar-
ies. But Niphus* successful edition - reissued twice in the l6th
Century (1508 and 1516-19) - helped to assure the eventual victory
of the humanistic over the medieval Aristoteles Latinu s and its com-
bination with Averroes commentaries.
Probably animated by Niphus' success two well known Venetian
publishers,Benedictus Fontana and the brothers de Gregoriis, exploit-
Moral Philosophy - 15 -
ed the popularity of humanistic verslon of Aristotle's writings by
Publishing fof OPERA editions in quick succession. The editions of
Fontana (1496,1505 and 1507) presented the translations of 15th Cent-
ury Italian humanists without commentaries while the brothers de Gre-
goriis retained in their edition (1501) the Averroes commentaries
and some medieval versions, After 1508 this hectic pace of Venice 's
early production came to a sudden standstill. With the exception of
of the third reissue of Niphus edition in 1516-19 for 42 years or,
the last mentioned edition considered,for 31 years Venice withdrew
entirely from this branoh of publications«
The second period (1520-1588) , the most productive and drama-
tic in the history of Latin OPERA editions, opened v/ith stränge prel-
üde..In 1520-21 the' prlnter-publisher Jacob Paucisdrapius de Burgo-
franco ät Pavia put on the market a six volume "edition" of the
OPERA. It was a novelty in two respect: Never before has a fairly
complete set of the works,knovm at that time,been marketed in six
separate volume s of octavo format (earlier editions were invariably
folio tomes). Secondly,the set, not identified as an OPERA edition,
consisted of six partial collections of works in the respective
groupings of Vernias and Niphus, publiähed before as separate edi-
tions. One volume contained the moral philosophy i.e. Leonardo Bni-
ni*s Version of the Nicomachean Ethics , Politics and Economics ,the
first with the commentary by Averroes and the third with the one
by Bruni. ?^^.®years later a Lyons publisher,Scipio de Gabiano,issued
the same six volumes which In some ext ant copies were presented as
volumes 1-6 of ä "set". In De Gabiano's mock edition the moral phi-
losophy appeared as volume 6.[^0ne caxi venture to assume that both
sets served as stop gaps in a time when ^^enuine editions were not
Moral Philosophy . ' - 16 -
available and the demand for them could not "be satlsfied. This de-
mand war rapidly growing with the spread of humanistic studies out-
side Italy. In a period of half a Century (1538-88) it was met hy
publishers in Basel, Lyons and Venice, first in succession and then
in lively competition. Some publishers engaged scholars of rank to
prepare editions that marked visible progress in the great humanist-
ic endeavour to recapture the Aristolelian corpus ,others were satis-
fied with meeting a less exacting demand with reissues of what had
become Standard works or extractions from the three out Standing
achievements in the field.
The Sponsor of this new undertaking to present the public
with a well organized edition of humanistic Latin versions of Aris-
totelian works was the Basel publisher Oporin^the Initiator of the
novel kind of edition Simon Grynaeus,a collaborator of Erasmus in
the preparation of the emended Greek texts of Aristotle's writings,
a Scholar and translator of high Standing and no less prominent for
his leadership in the Swiss Reformation. The Innovation, embedded in
31
the two folio tomes published in 1538 ^ consisted in an expansion
sparingly
of the textual material,to which were added humanistic commentaries
which
- those of Raphael Volaterranus were mentioned in the previous chap-
ter - and in thoughtful arrangement of the humanistic Latin versions
which had been Increabing since the conclusion of the early Venetian
editions.
Yet Grynaeus' achievement ,impressive as it was,proved to be
a preparation only for the two outstanding editions of this period,
those of Gemusaeus, published at Basel, and of Bagolino, published at
Venice. In 1542 Oporin brought out the first edition of the OPERA
ITöral Phllosophy
- 17 -
prepared "by the Alsatian humanist Hieronymus Gemusaeus [Hieronymus
Gmües, 1505-1543 ],who had received his training in Italian universi-
ties and taught first physics and then Aristotelian logic at the
Basel university. It was destined to become the most often reissued
original edition of this period (5 tim^s within IS years,the four
last ones in Lyons). The three tomes included even more - and in
the field of moral philosophy nearly all Aristotelian works - than
Grynaeus» collect ion, 'the Renaissance commentaries were replaced by
intröductory and editorial notes - except slight parts of Raphael
Volaterranus* commentaries and Grynaeus' introduction to his Version
of De Virtätibus - ,the flood of new texts was mastered in superior
fashion and the critical evaluation of the texts,the distinction be-
tween genuine and spurious works of Aristotle,revealed an incisive
mind.
The success of Gemusaeus» edition awakened the Ven^tian pub-
lishers. In response to the challenge from Basel the resourceful and
energetic Juntae,the heirs of the Florentine publisher Lucantonio
Junta, reentered the field so long neglected by Venice. After an im-
provised start in 1542 with a reissue of De Öabiano's mock edition
they launched a: newtgennine"^dit±oii:,most carefnllj^ -prepareÄlby tfie
Vironese:sahöl&r: Joannes Baptiste Bagolini [Giovanni Giambattista
Bagolino,who died in 1552]. It consisted of 11 quarto volumes and
was published in 1552 ^^. Bagolino taught philosophy and medicine
at the University of Padua and had made a name for himself as a
translator of a commentary on Aristotle's natural philosophy by
Alexander of Aphrodisias. In selecting Renaissance translations he
gave preference to recently publishct 16t h Century versions over
15th Century on s. Unlike the Basel editors,he not only retained
■wn^mrainvVira
Moral Philosophy
- 18 -
^^/
U^
the commentaries of Averroes contained in the early Venetian editlons
Latein ,
but added to them the recently published/'Erätislation by Jacob Mantino
34.
Of Averroes* paraphrase of Plato's Re public »mentioned above ^7 aiid
(Latin versions of the medieval Hebrew commentaries by Gersonides ob^
") .-..„.,_-..-... — '"■•""* '" — '-^-~.--. , -.-
C^the commentaries of Averroes and rounded out this commentary collec-
tion with Zimara's Averroist treatise of "The Solution of Contradio-
tions between Aristotle and Averroes" , an essay to harmonize the teach
ings of Averroes with Christian faith. In methological Organization
of the available Latin versions of the Aristotelian text and in cri-
tical evaluation of suitable versions Bagolino proved himself su-
perior to his predecessors as will be shown later in one particular
instance ^^. The impact of his edition on subseq.uent editorial activ-
ity was feit most strongly in the following thirty years suad in some
ways much longer, alt hough his editions were reissued only twice in
the third quarter of the I6th Century.
Gemusaeus and Bagolini had each a follower in the next genera-
tion. In Basel it was Curione whose edition was published there in
1563 . Like Bagolini, he replaced wherever possible 15th Century
humanistic Latin versions of Aristotle *s writings with I6th Century
translations by French and German humanists,but imlike Bagolinivhe
euidöd öomnentarles of.the translators on their own versions. In Ve-
nice it was Zacarius Zenarus who in his edition of 1560 ^' added to
Bagolini* s collect ion of Averroes» commentaries those of 15th Cent-
ury Paduan Averroist s like Niphus and completed this collection with
a separate volume containinf sßu¥?5fl5°S§i8totelian works outside the
medinval and Renaissance Aristotelian corpus.
Lyons ascended to her leading position in the publication of
i^: ..' :Ju.a. -^. . iu::.:^imtr- .•.. o^-^i.'!. H-. w»..,A.rs£jkk^jKhifi..«l«kkh-. .
1 J^),.
Moral Philosophy
- 19 -
OPERA editions at the middle of the 16t h Century and was keeping
it through a policy of strict neutrality toward the competition l)e-
tween Basel and Venice in regard to new scholarly editions, in fact
cooperating with the enterprising publishers of both cities by re-'
composing
issuing successful editions or popularlzing them "by *new edit ions "
which comhined the most attractive features of the Basel and Venioe
successes or offered extracts from them. The vast expansion of Lyons
puhlications in the field hegan,. in 1549 when the publisher Jean
Frellon reissued Gemusaeus* three folio tomes lii a more handly twe
tome editioxi and 12 yearä later he and the publisher Antoine Vincent
'reprinted it three tinies within two years. The lead of Oporin^s out-
posts at Lyons was at once challenged by the Lyonnese branoh of the
Junta family,the heirs of Jacq.ues Giunta. Capitalizing on the Inno-
vation of the Pavia printer-publisher Jacob de Paucisdrapius Euid of
the Lyons publisher De Gabiano that the publisher with little or no
help of scholarly editors can make up his own edition and applying
to it the principle of the pocket book format,an invention of Aldus
in 1560
Manutius at the tum of the I6th Century, the Giuntas created the
38
pocket book edition of Aristotle's Collected Works . The entire
set consisted of 7 volumes including one index volume in a very handy|
12® and later 16° fonnat;it contained the Latin versions of the Aris«
totelian texts from Bagolini's edition and,wherever possible,his
editorial notes but no commentaries and,as a rule,no translator*s
prefaces. Within 25 years at least eight such editions came off the
press at Lyons and Venice «and two more latecomers are known from the
first decades of the 17th Century, one to appear in Geneva (1608).
Since the Copyright of such anonymous editions was hard to enforce,
various publisher s at Lyons and Venice Imitat ed the original Giunta
edition, so metimes combining volumes put out by their own firm with
Moral Philo sophy
- 20 -
those of others and sometimes enriching the texts of the Bagolini
edition with those pu^lished since. Eventually the Lyons bookseller-
publisher Stephanus Michaelis procured the edltörial Services of a
certain A.Jacobus Martinas, a man not known otherwise; his edition
appeared first in 1578 ^^ and was reprinted twioe in 1581. It höre
the marks of flat ecclecticism. Martinus combined the content of
... V V
Gemusaeus* edition,apparently still in demand but not reprinted sinc(
1563, with some parts of Bagolini* s edition, popularized by the pocket
books,and superficially inserted some spurious Aristotelian works
published after these two representative works.
The third and last period (1590-1668) is characterized by Gre-
co-Latin editions originating at Geneva. The place of publication was
carefully obscured. Either no place of publication was given on the
title psige or in the colophon or,imder an old privilege of Geneva
publishers,it was pretended that these editions were issued at Lyons
or a place whose identity was concealed under fictitious names. The
reason was obvious:the admission of this Calvinist fortress as place
of publication would have destroyed the market s in Gatholic countries,
The first edition was prepared by Isaac Casaubon (1559-1614) ,then
yet a young man at the beginning of his career,and published in 1590
by the Geneva printer-publisher Guillaume de Laimarie . It was a
critically selected presentation of the Greek texts and of their cor-
responding Latin versions from the pens of I6th Century French and
German humanists wherever possible without as much as the prefaces
of the tran»lators,let alone commentaries or introductions of any
sort except for editorial notes. He drew apparently on the Greek
texts in Frednrick Sylburg's edition which v/ere published at Franfort
in 1584-87 . The second Öeneva edition was prepared by luliuss
Moral Philosophy - 21 -
Pacius [Giulio Pacio],at one time Casaubon's teacher in Geneva, and
published "by the same Geneva printer-pu*blisher who had put out Ca-
sau"bon's edition in 1597 . Pacius was less radical in the break
with the traditions of the seoond period of Latin OPERA editions,
therein resembling Curione, and adopted Latin versionsof Italian
I6th humanists from Bagolini's collect ion. and even texts which
ostensibly went under the name of Aristotle but were authored by
a I6th Century Italian humanist. While Casaubon's edition went
through three reprints (two in 1605 and one in 1607), the edition
by Pacius was reprinted only once more (1606-07)»
The third Greco-Latin OPERA, edition, done by Guillaume du
Val, was first published at Paris in 1519 and reprinted there four
times (I629,twice in 1639 and 1654) ^^. The two large folio tomes,
each so heavy that one can lift it only with effort,of the first
two issues (the three later reissues consisted of 4 folio tomes
each) combined the texts of cSsaubon and Pacius editions with ex-
tensive synopses of the type to be found in Gemusaeus* edition»
Its ecclecticisin,far from the superficial work of MartlnuSybears
a "baroque** character;the ascetic structure of the Geneva editions
is covered up with additions of an earlier period when humanists
with
indulged in collect ing new material and new informations about the
efforts of earlier generations of humanists interspersed between
the texts,
A faint touch of the Catholic Reformation is perceptible in
this last fruit of the humanist ic strüggle to recÄpture the Aristo-
telian corpus. Two other editions reflect *"" '.:"„: T<^-:^" the spir-
it of the Catholic Reformation in its füll power. In 1570 the works
Moral Philo sophy
- 22 -
of St •Thomas Aquinas were for the first time given in print;the firs1
five volumes contained bis Aristotle commentacies next to the Aristo-I
telian texts in medieval and Renaissance Latin translations • As
St. Thomas has commented on so many works of the philosopher, these
five volumes represent an OPERA^ edltibn of its own offeting,: a large
Segment of the medieval and Renaissance Aristoteles Latinus .combin-
ed. This edition,conceived in a humanistic attitude for ends oppositcl
f I
to those of the humanistic OPERA editors,was in'reedited form reissu-|
ed twice in the third period, first at Antwerp (1612) and then at
Paris (1660). The Ps^ris reissue was followed eight years later by
theOPERA edition bf the Jesuit Sylvester Maums^puhlished öt 'Rome
?^. He prefacrd the Latin versions of the 15th Century Italian hu-
manists with paraphrases resembling the cosimentary technique of
St.Alhert the Great whose Aristotle commentaries had heen prlnted
for the first time 17 years hefore at Lyons '^ ' . The work of Mäutua-;-
UD was the last Latin edition of Aristotle* s Collected Works.lin the
Renaissance history of its kind.
MW«)ilM(Ji)|t<t
The Moral Philosophy - Footnotes
- 17 -
27
28
The Statistical figures given here are approximat ions . No "biblio«
graphy of this kind will ever yield definitive figures. Further-
more,only OPERA editions containing the corpus morale were list-
ed and in some instances such as the Venetian editions of 1505
and 1507 bibliographers are not certain whethpr those should be
classified as partial or complete collections of Aristotelian
works,
John H. Randall, Jr. characterized Paduan Averroism as one of the
two medieval critical movemrnts in philosophy - the other being
the Paris Ockhamites - which,at least in the earlier 15th Cent-
ury enjoyed a high degree of intellectual freedom guaranteed by
Venice jWhich had acq.uired Padua in 1404, and benefited in its in-
tellectual aspirations by the fact that the study of philosophy
at the Paduan Faculty of Arts led to the study of medicine. As
to their Aristotle studirs he saidi^The Averroists ,though much
more secular and anti-clerical Lthen the Ockhamites], were origi-
nally more conservative in their attitude toward Aristotle and
bis Interpreter Averroes: their works are characteristically
commentaries on the texts**, 'The Development of Scrientific Meth-
of in the School of Padua *» Journal of the History of Ideas ,vol>
I,number 2 ( April, 1940 ) ,pp. 180-181; also pp. 182-184. As the Latin
OPERA editions show,the loyalty of the Paduan Averroists towards
Aristotle and Averroes never weakened. But the two editors of
the early Venetian editions ,Vernias and Niphus,came already unde;
pressure from clerical authorities and the two editors at the
middle of the l6th Century, the Paduan Averroists Bagolino and
Zenarus,made in their collections of commentaries considerable
concessions to the Church which,in the wake of the Counterrefor-
The Moral Philosophy - Footnotes
- 18 -
29
30
31
32
33
mation,had grown more intolerant and also more powerful.
Venice: Andreas Torresanus & Bartholomaeus de Blavis 1483
(GW 2337,2338)
• * Omnia Aristotelis opera tarn in logica ciuam in phllosophia
naturali et morali et metaphysica cum sui fidelissiml Inter-
pret is Auerroys oorduTjensis oommentariis > . Venice: [Johannes
et Gregor ius de Gregor iis for"] OctaVianus Scotus 1495-96
(GW 2340). The title quoted here is the second part of the
entire title of which the first part referred to the Averroes
commentaries only.
Opera quae q.uidein extant omnia,latinitate vel iam olim,vel
nunc recens a viris doctissimis donata,<Sb graecum ad exemplar
dili^entissime recogn -Basel 1538 [:Oporinus] (DK 6.5959]
Opera quae in hunc diem extant oiDnia,latlnitate partim antea ,
partim nunc primum a viris doctissimis donata,& Graecum ad
exemplar diligenter recogn . .#.- Basel 1542 [:Oporinus]
(DK 6.5960)
Qmnia guae extant opera>niznc primum selectis translationibus,
collatisgue cum graecis emendatissimis exemplar ibus, mar gineis
scholiis illustr.,& in novum ordinem digesta : ... - Venice :
Juntae 1550-52 (DK 6.5963).0n the history of this celebrated
edition see L.Minio Paluello, 'Note sull' Aristotele Latino,
Rivista du filosofia neo-3cholastica,XLII ,
, E. Frances-
chini, 'Le versioni latine medievali di Aristotele e dei sui
commentatori nelle hiblioteche delle Tre Venezia* » Miscellanea
Ferrari (Florence ,1952) ,313-26, and on the role of Jewish trans-
.«kk ■ — - '^ iittLiiit ^ V ^S*^.> - -/-»•-»■.■.-.■■ ..^ -.-..-. »^.^ <:ika,..»iu .
The Moral Philosophy - Footnotes
- 19 -
34
35
36
lators in this edition Roth,op.cit, ,79-80
see note 17
See note ??; My Impression is that B.agolini's r^i&fieüöalloB: a>idd
the
soholarly edition of Latin versions of Aristotle texts is far
e xc lus i ve ly c ons ul t e d,u f i
superior to the work of Gemusaeus,so/much överrated "byG-erman
19th Century classical philologists,although it must be admitted
that Bagolini "benefited from Gemusaeus' work; alt oget her Bagoli-
appears to me to be
ni*s edition the crowning accomplishment of its kind.
Tripart itae philosophiae opera omnia absolutissima,ex optimis
quibusque,maxime novis interpretibus coli, , aliquot libris aucta
reco^n. »augmentis valde bonis in singulos libros & capita,multis
insuper scholiis illustr , ; . . . . - Basel 1563:Hervagius (DK 6.5969)1
37
38
Omnia . quae extant ^ opera. . . , Venice: Junctae 1560
Aristötelis Stagiritae libri omnes ... Lyons :Haere des lacobi
luntae 1560,1561. This is the general title of most editions
in this group of pocket book editions but two Venetian issues
are titled Opera omnia in partes Septem divisa. The preface of
the first ndition is dated April 11,1561 but is not signed. It
the name of
was reprinted in most editions, im. some with a most probably
fictitious author. Variations in content indicate that some
editing was done in later reissues and in one (Venice 1584-85)
an editor is named. The number of voluines in each set varied
so did
between 5 and 7 besides the index volum« and the numbering of
volumes with the same content.vH^l^d«
I
The Moral Philosophy - Footnotes
- 20 -
39
40
41
42
Operaypost omnes guae In hunc usque dlem prodleriint edltionea ,
summo studio emaculata,<Sc ad Graecxim exemplar dillgenter recogn >
• . . «Lyons :Michaelis 1578
\
Qperum Aristotelis nova editio,Graece & Lat . . . ex Tjibllotheca
Isaaci Casaubonl ..^ - LugdTinirLaemarius 1590. Recent biblio-
graphers following H,L,Baudrlor, Bibliographie Lyonnais ,1,239
assiime that Lugduni [Lyons] ,given on the title page as place
of publication,is fictitious. M.Alain Dufour,an authority on
Geneva editions of the second part of the l6th Century, was gen-
erous enough to inspect \the copy in the Geneva Bibliotheque
publique et universitaire (Ca 249) and to support the: ascription
of this edition to the printingshop of Guillaume de Laimarie
on the strength of typographical peculiarities. Whether another
in the same year
edition, published by Jacobus Bubonius at Lyons, was perhaps also
or partiallj financed
printed by de Laimarie and only distributed by the otherwise
iinknown bookdealer Bubonius could not be ascertained thus far.
Aristotelis Opera q.uae extant ...- Fracofurdi:Aubrius & Marnius
(in some volumes:A.V/echeli haeredes) 1584-87. An edition in 8
volumes of the Latin versions corresponding to the Greek texts
of Sylburg was issu^^d by the same publishers in 1593« The se-
42 lection of t lo nt versions known to me ; Is identioal with the
ones in Casaubon's edition.
Qperum Aristotelis' nova editi6;Gfaeoe & lat ^ Latinae interpr e-
tationes Graeco contextui convenientiores,& emendatiores,guam
ant ehac ed . sunt .... [Geneva ; ] Laemarius 1597. Neither the title
page nor the colophon indicatei the place of publication. But
there can be do not doubt that it was Geneva. DK VI,c.579 inter-
iī 6.590l~>
1/ H«
The Moral Philosophy - Footnotes
- 21 -
43
44
45
polates '*OLyons:]'» which is erroneous according to what has been
Said "before (note 40) about the place of activity of de Laimarie. |
Opera omnia guae extant ,Graece & Lat , Vr.teriim ac recentioixim in»
terpretum,ut Adriani Turnebi,Isaasi CasaubonitJulii Pacii studi o
emendatissima. . . Authore Guillelmo du Val .>.- Paris l6l9:Typ.Regi'
«
is.
see note 5
Opera, guae extant omnia, bre vi paraphrasi,ac litt er ae perpetuo
inhaerente explanatione , illustr.a Sylvestro Maurb . - Rome:Fran-
zini l668:Bemab6. Card.F.Ehrle prepared a reissue of Maurus»
edition,published at Paris in 1885-(87),in which the 15th Cent-
ury Latin translations were replaced by the Latin versiöns öf
the Greco-Latin editions.
. )
The study of AristoteÜRn philosophy during the 15th and 16 th centuriea
continued an intellectual tredition which was born and cultivatad in the pre-
eeding two centuries. But Henalssance humanism gave it a new and peculiar
character different in many respects from its medievel antecedent. Although
essentially a scholarly and literery movement, not committed to any particular
philosophy, humanism conferred its attention on the writings of Aristotle as
much and as eagerly as on the works of other ancient authors with the result
that they became known more widely,more completely and in a more attractive
form than in the Middle Ages, Humpnists not only rendered new Latin trans-
lations - resplendent with Ciceronian elegance if not necessarily more cor-
rect than the meleival ones - but also restored the Greek texts until both,
the Greek Originals and the Latin versions gained as much in authenticity es
the complicPted textual tradition would allow . In these endeavors humanist
scholprs had the invalueble aid of the printing press ana of the rapidly ex-
ppnding Publishing business,a comfort and adventage not available to their
medievel precursors.
v
X-
The efforts of Renaissance humanism to recapture the writings of the
Stagyrite covered of course the entire ränge of the works ascribed to the
philosopher, the genuine and spurious elike,and pertaining to all philosophical
disciplines. Whet the humenists were aiming it and whPt they finally accomplis]
ed,after neerly two centuries of iirpressive exertions,was no less than the
reconstruction of the Aristotelian corpus as it might have existed toward
the end of antiquity. But no matter how iiripartial they tried to be in their
work of reconstruction, their first love and preference belonged to Aristotle' s
moral philosophy. This wrs the discipline which they considered "as a part o^
their dorne in and..,thus were led to give to Aristotle' s doctrine an important
share'in their eclective views on
Morfll Philosophy
- 2 -
inor€»l jeducptionel and political questions** . In observing Renaigsance studiaa
of Aristotdlian moral philosophy w« may therefora ancountar a segmant of Ran-
ais sance thought that is likaly to ravaal a good deal about the intarplay of
Aristotelianism «na huiBenism,two currants charactaristic of thet pariod,and
pIso about general intellactual tendencies of th? tiraa which wera ambrecing
end modifying both,such as tha Raformation and the progress of classlcal
scholarship.
r -
'{
ßut even confining ourselves to this one segment we pre confrontad with
a litereture so vpried Pnd rieh in output of which a vary small part is kno?m
PS yet that wa mpy ba aasily mislad into unwarrrntad oonclusions. ThU8,to mpka
this task BianPgeable,the present paper will focus on one type of thPt litara-
ture only. It is the printed editions of Aristotle»s Collected Works in Latin
3
trpnslPtions ena within thera the sections on raoral philosophy , This scholarly|
and Publishing enterprisa begpn in the last quarter of the 15th Century (l483)
and ended in the third quarter of the 17th Century (I668) . No one will object
to consider the first 125 yeprs es a perioa belonging to the Reneissance. But
doubts will arise es to whether the 7Q yeers of the 17th Century should ba in-
r
cluded in this stuay, It is true that most currents covered by our^^concept of
the Renaissance occurred prior to 1600. On the other hpnd,it cannot be daniad
that certain movements of a Renaissance character cerried beyond the arbitrary
date of 1600 and may be studied as teilends of currents that origineted in
end flourished during the letar stPgas of the Renaissance, in the 15th end 16th
centuries. The 17th Century Greco-Lptin editions of Aristotle» s OPERA ÜMNIA
are such , teilend^. While cur story unfolds,it will be seen thft they represent,!
in a wpy,the culminetion and fullfilment of a dream thPt Reneisspnce scholars
have hprbored throughout thet period which we ere eccustomed to call the
Renaisspnca.
The Moral Philosophy - footnotes * v
On Reneisspnce Ariatotelianism and on the reletion between AristotÄlianism
and Humanism see P.O. Kristeller, The Clasaics and Renaissance Thought »Martin
Classical Lectures, Volume XV, Cambr idge , Ma s s. ,1955, pp, 24-47; the 8ame,»Philo-
sophical Movements of the Renaissance' . Studies in Renaissance Thought and
Letters , Rome 1956, no. 3, pp, 21-26; »The Philosophy of Man in the Italian
Renaissance' , ibid. ,no. 13, pp. 273-277.
2
Kristeller, The ClPssics end Renaissance Thought ,pp. 59-40; summerizing hume]
ist contributions to the vprious philoaophicpl disciplines he states thPt
**the humpnist contribution to natiral philosophy and to raetaphysics wps
negligible. ..whereps the writings of the humenists on problems of mcral
philosophy were numerous Pnd influentipl althoagh often pmateurish ana in-
conclusive". Studies in Renaisspnce Thoaght and Letters , no. 3 ,p. 26
The present paper is based on a bibliographical study of Lptin editions
of Aristotle's Collected Works, published between 1483 ana 1668. It was
undertPken in connection with my contributions to the project on Mediaeval
and Renaissance LPtin TrpnslPtions and CommentPries (Cetalogus Tranlation-
um et Commentariorum). I derived my bibliographical material from cPta-
logues of such leeding collections of printed books ps the British Museum,
the Ppris ßibliotheque Nationrle Pnd the German libraries listed in the
GesamtketPl Qg der Deutschen Bibliotheken. Each item in my bibliography was
either seen by myself in Americpn collections or reported to me by corre-
spondents so as to avoid errors thPt occurred in the errlier bibliogrfiphies
on this subject by J.A.Fpbricius « Bibliotheca Graecp ,4th edition prepared
by C.Ch.H8rless,vol.3 (Hamburg 1793) ,305-526 ;I.Th. Buhle, Ar istotel is Opera .
vol.I (Zweibruecken 179l) ,210-231 pnd M. Schwab, Bibl iographie d'Aristote ,
(Paris 1896), 56, 60-62.
-■"'''
* \
Th» Moral Philosophy - Footnotes
On R«B«i88»no« AristoteliaBlsa and on tb« r^lfftion b«tw9«n Ari<itot«Xi*nlsir
and Humaniim stt P>0>Iri8fll»r, Th# Clcssloa and RgnaisaaBo» ghoaght ,^rtl
Claasioal Laotur9s,Volame Xy,CaiBbrldgtf,lia88* ,1955 »pp. 24-47; tha aama/ Philo
aophioal Uorements of th» Raaaiaaanoa* . Studias in Ronalsaanoe Yhoaght and
Latt9r8 ,Roge 1956, B0*3,pp. 21-26; * Tha Philosoph;/ of Man in the Italian
Ranais aaaoa* ,ibid. ,bo. 13, pp. 273-277 •
Kri8tallar, Tha Claasics and Ranaiaaanoa Yhoaght ,pp, 39-40; sammarising humr
ist oontributions to th» TPrioas philosophier 1 disoiplinas ha statas th^t
**th» humanist contributlon to natiral philosophy and to raotaphysica wra
negligibla, ..wharaps tha writirgj? of tho hunanists on proble/ms of mornl
philosophy war» nonarous and influantif^l although often f^mateurish and in-
concluaiTe". Stadies in RenaissPno& Yhoaght and Lattgr8 ,no.3,p«26
The präsent papar is basöd on a bibliographioal study of Lrtin editions
of Aristotla's Collactad Works, publishad batween 1483 ana 1668. It was
andartaken in conneotion with my oontributions to tha projact on Medieaval
and Renaissance Latin Translations and Corimtfnteries (Catalogus Trrnlation-
ua at CoTBmantariorum), I darivad my bibliographical matari^l from cata-
logues of such laading oollections of printed books as the British Museum,
the Paris ßiblioth^que Nationale and the German libraries listad in tha
Gasamtkatalog der Deutschen Bibliotheken» Eaoh item in my bibliography was
either seen by myself in American oollections or reported to me by cosre-
spondents so as to avoid errors thrt ooourred in the errlier bibliographiei]
on this aubject by J.A.Pabrioius » Bibliotheoa Graeof .4th edition prepared
by C,Ch.Harles8,vol,3 (Hamburg 1793) ,305-326 ;I,Th. Buhl'?. Aristotelis Oper» .
▼ol.I (Zweibruecken 179l) ,210-231 and M. Schwab, Bibliographie d'Aristote .
(»rris 1896), 56, 60-62.
M- (i'2£^
SiMkL &\VJicw
"CS'ÄMO
OKAaJid
{%t-l%T-
J
es-eojTc
'S 4 1(^(^5
f !
V i
LEONARDI ARETINI OECONOMICA - DATES OF MSS.
A. CHRONOLOGY OF MSS; (as of July 1,1958)
1419 (1420),March 3
1421 Jxme
1425
1425-26
1439, September 18
1443, August 27
1445, July 18
1447
1448
1448
1455, May
1456,February 14
1458, June 29
1459
1460
1461
1462
1464
1464,March 30-Aug.25
146 4, November 11
Florence,Blblloteca Laurenzlana,79 c*19
Naples,Biblioteca Nazionale,VIII G 45
Vatican,Biblioteca Apostol« ,Vat.lat»3347
Oxford, Bo dl eian Library, Add. 0.264
Brescla,Blbl*Qulrlniana,15
Madrid, Biblioteca Nacional,13 521
Budapest, National Museum, 122
Home, Bibl.Naz«, Vit t.Emm, 238
Berlin, Preuss . Staat sbibl • , lat • f ol • 582
Escorial,Real Biblioteca, f. III»7
Florence , Bibl .Riccardiana, 135
Oxford,Bodl.Library,D'Orville 525
Brüssels, Bibl. Royale, 14 602-6
Paris, Bibl. Nat., lat. 6616
Segovia,Bibl.de la Catredal,86
Salamanca,Bibl#üniversitaria,2603
Toledo, Bibl. del Cabildo, 94,15
Schlaegl,Cpl.(454.b).59
Zürich, Zentralbibl., 267 (Car.C 101)
Cordoba,Archivio Catedralico,132
LEONARDI OECONOMICA,Chronology
- 2 -
1465,A\a^ust 26
• 1486 ' ■
Rome,Bibl.An«elica,1373 (T.5.11)
Paris, üniversit^, 570
LEONARDI ARETINI OECONOMICA - DATES OF MSS;
B'i. SUMMARY OF MSS . (as of July 1,1958)
Schlaegl,Cpl*(454.b)*59 1464 written by Joh.de Rabenstein
Brüssels, Biblioth^que Royale, 14 602-6 before June 29,1458 written
in Italy by Dominicus Car-
rolus
Oxford, Bodleian Library, D'Orville 525
written at Rome by Johannes
Pottere;conipleted i*ebruary
14,1456
Oxford, Bodleian Library,Add. 0.264 1425-26 written at Florence by
P.de Manasseis
Paris, Biblioth^que iMationale,lat.6616 1459
Paris, Uni ver Site de Paris, 570
1486 written for Odon Garlier
Berlin, Preussische St aat sbibliothek , lat • f ol • 582 1448
Zürich, Zentralbibliothek, 267 (Car.C 101) 1464,between March 30 and
August 25
Cordoba,Archivio Catedralico,132 completed November 11, 1464; written
by Antonio de Morales
Escorial,Real Biblioteca,f .111.7 written 1448
Madrid, Biblioteca Nacional,13 521 written at Siena; completed August
27,1443
Salamanca, Biblioteca Universitaria, 2603 Written by Antonius de Li-
brixa 1461
Segovia, Biblioteca de la Catedral,86 Written in Italy, 1460
Toledo, Biblioteca del Cabildo, 94,15 1462
Budapest,Hungarian National Museum, 122 Written in Italy; completed
July 18,1445
Brescia, Biblioteca Quiriniana,15 Written by Bartholomaeus de Gasoni-
bus de Brixia, completed September
18,1439
LEONAKDI OECONOMICA,Dates
- 2 -
Florence,Biblioteca Laurenziana,79 c.l9
Written by Antonius Marius;
March 3 1419 (1420)
Florence,Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale,
Conv.soppr« C. 7 .2677
(written after 1438);date
of the Version: 1420
Florence,Biblioteca Riccardiana,135 Written by M.Ficino in May 1455
Naples,Biblioteca Nazionale,VIII G 45 Written at Florence by Andreas
de Arnoldis in Jxrne 1421
Rome,Biblioteca An^elica,1023 (R.7.4) (Written in s.XV);date of the
Version: 1420 like in Florence
Bibl*Naz*Oentr*
Rome,Biblioteca An^elica,1373 (T.5.11) Written at Bruges,AiaÄUst 26,
1465
Rome,Biblioteca Nazionale,Vitt«Emm. 238 Written 1447
Vatican City,Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Written 1425
Vat.lat. 3347
I
g?Pf9Uo»^ ftt ^^<^rfn)rm.
Box II
Container
FHIJuADEI^FHIAfünlversity Iil?rÄry
OECOtlOMICA tStrÄ»bourgtMaiit«lin 1469)
ira90*I95v
0EC03IOMICA C Venice tVaWurf er c*1470j
f«l-56v
BCTDAFKSTfOrsaairo» Sgeehenyl Äonyvtay
Cliafiie 292,f#69v-7B
10i;^9Bibllotecft Caaanat^ns«
X549tfau*»119 iol<i paglnation llö^lisj
JU5HI50H, British Uus&VM
Arund«! 37?,f«4ü»52
MS /idd# 39 654 [ParhÄ® MS.72],f«32v^50
ODAHa^Blblioteka Qdanska PolskleJ Akade«!! Hauk
2369tf*l-24
lUiACQWtBlbllateka Folskiej Aka4eall Hauk
X717,f •199v -
?02^HAIIt^<^^^^^^'^^ Arofaldl«oas&j»liie
196 »f ♦40*54
tBOCLAW.Blblloteka üalwersytooka
IV F 67,f.52^55v
9
ÜHMBTOOfStÄÄta-^ und ünlveröltaetsblbllothek
Phllol.quarto 128 > pp#l60, 164-226
CoIlMticm of SlitrofilttA ^ Böse XX
• 2 -
ContaiXn^r
10
11
141,fai*54v
1 öaStf #2-17
2?4if#2S-57t 44V-65
1 373, f. 82-86
12
13
14
ii,aM)BII)«Blbllot@o«^ 4# la 0i&lvc:xs&idad
lö9,f#112*^121
Xl4t^» {3t-y)
MADBID,Bll»Iiot»OÄ de la üniveröidacl
VAl^:i3ClA>BlbIloteeft Central a« la üniversidad
309»ra44vl53
15
DAt H«»9lsoh« Land««biblio th^k
C#14»b# [f«in^arten K#55]#f •237-271' Conflattiai
reoenölo Durand! wltfe th« ooisasontary by Albert
of Sa3?oay (lra00Eib« I,|^#67a,iio#926 llst» ver-
klön as r0Gen^l0 Dursndi)
16
MÄDKiBtBlblloteea ^aaiotial
7804ff ♦lOO-navt Brtmi*» ascOtioMiCA v^ralo»
fai9-135v? (Fsaudo*-) Albart ooB»eÄiary
17
la
öKFJOBIJStBlbXiotblitt« de la Villa
io»1495t foulou» et Heinrich Hayarl
Brtmi*» OKCöHOMXCA variflon wltb cocaB^ssutary
by (pÄaiJdo*) üian/i^lu» Burgansia
l»AI^IS,BibllothiiUa liatlonala
iDaaxsrlptXon nas^t pa^aj
Coll#otloii of ülorofllffs « Box XI
Containar
li PAlLlStBlbXiotliique Nationale
m ^ m
Bnmi*» OECO^fOlflCA Version wlth tho eosBßiintary
b/ Potru« de Ca»trovolo
l^aistplonat i^maldtis Ouill«3r«tiis do Broeario
6 Juno 1496
19
ABEKDEEII,tlniveir5tity Ubrary
Brwai*» öECOMOMICA vorslon wlth thi& ooimofit49jry
bjir ailbertu» Crabj added (pp*55»67)t Book II
iParlst Xehfidi Fttltf ea« 1505]
20
CAl.!BHir'G.E,TTnlv@r»lty Library
Bruni*9 OE'COWOäilCA Version wlth th« oousm^ntary
by ßllb€irtu:^ Crabf ad^edt Book II
i iyonotSymon Vinoentt ca« 15lo]
21
MADBIIiySoxvlclo Itaclonal
Bruni»» OICOlfOMICA Version - tmidentifioö prtntt
perhspa [Eiir^i^oaaMlelnrlefe Bot«l,e#1478 » Gl 2StlJ
22
öBVXEtC,Biblloteoß CoiBun&lo *liulti Txml'
Ftoi II I 59 (2712),f»94*95v
23
MABBIBtBibllotec^ de la F\in4aoio l^a^ro Oaldi^no
21$ (15029 ),fa29*157v
24
25
?S0 BE tmaKLtArohlvo do 1ä Catodral
51/1» (Costa 145)tf*10T*114« Oaoono«ieattr«Brtmi;
f «r222vf oolofhottt 29 April 1482
SEaoVlA»Arobivo de Iß Catadral
Vltrina 29 (129| 154), »•572^37 5, 376*589 Up*
374*» 375 »iaainsJi Bnmi'& ooß^ieent«aryi oo|»l6d by
Gundisalvu^ do Dviado
Coil«otian of MioroflXn» * Box XX
ContekttifiX
<# 4 <<*
26
*QOViA»Archivo de la Cüt^diral
>}
\j V
Coatftinar
1
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
• Coll«otion of Mlorofllaa
f
Box I
FLOB£NCE»Biblloteoa Nasionale Centrale
eonv*Spppr*C.7»2677,f«66v-70v| 147-156v
Blblloteoa Rioeardlana
135, f #156-161
Biblioteca Mediceo-Laurenzlana
Plut.78. 12;f,21-36v
Plut.79. ltf#121v-127v
Plut.W, 23, f* 120-126
Plut,90. sup,54,f.64-74v [f. 61-71]
Strozal 54,f«71-76v
Edili 140,fa77-180v
Plut.79. 19 (Marlus ood.)
Plut.29. 21 (codex)
Plut,77* 12 (codex)
0XF0BD,Bodl9ian Library
KS.Add. C. 264,f.l07-112v
RAPLES, Blblloteoa Naalonale
VIII,G,45,fa431
LONBOK »British Museum
MS^Add. 26 784, f* 48-5 9v
ISS.Add. 6 885 (oodex)
PAEXSfBibliotheque Nationale
lat» 6 310, f. 111-117
7 662,f»l66v.l68v
11 138, f* 49-65 V
16 087,f.48v-51v
CollMtlon of Uicrofllnt «• Box X
Container
16
LOS AHGBIiEStlMivertlty Of Southern California
BL 091-A 717 e.f.l-U
'N
- 2 -
17
18
19
20
HL 093--C 586 do, f. 123^-134
PBAGÜE,Strahovska Knlhovna
ra V 6,fa5-36
BHESCIA,BlbllotoQa Clvioa Queriniana
AtVIia,f.96-.117
MAHTOVA>Blblioteaa Cononale
A IV 16, f. 65-^7
21
22
23
24
29'
af
IT
KAIUiSRüHE .Badlsohe LandesblTjllothek
EelolMnau 22,f,183-ie7v (181 ?)
»
BUDAPEST, Or 8 «agos Szeohenyl Konyvtar
Cliaae 515 t f. 60-73
MACEMTAjBiblioteoa Comunale
5,3 B 30,f»106-119v mediftval (pp.misslng)
5,3 D 30,f»114v-li9v medieval (complete)
VATICAN,Biblioteoa Apostolioa
üxb^lat, 73,f#2-19v (20 ?): Oeoonomioa - A»Bernard-
ino Baldino
HEW YOEK,Library of the Hlepanlo Sooiety
OECONOMICA [Valenola,oa, 14751 OW 2370
PARIS ,Blbllotheque Nationale
[POHTICA &] OECOriOlrllCA. Parlsi Gerlier 1489/90
GW 2447 « DK 6.7121 * 6.6873
Res. *E.278
Collect Ion of Mlorofllna «• Box I
Container
- 3 •
28
MÜNICH »Bayerische Staat ebliillothek
OECONOfillCA« [iKoelni After Hoemen,oa*1475]
4* Xno#8»a«207
ÖW 2434
DK 6*6872
ECONO&iZCORTJU llbrl 2 sub gemlna translatlone
[lelp2lg:Grei?^or Boettlger oa.l4943 ÖW 2437
• DK 6^6875
, .,.^1»* 5594/4
OSCOirJMCORtB^ libri 2 ȟb gsmlna translatlone
[jielpzlgtMartln Landsberg oa«1499] GW 2439
« PK 6 •6878
2^ Inc»a,a#970 (» DK VItO.685: 2° A.gr»b,390/1)
29
OECONOMICOHÜM llbxi 2 sub gemlna translatlone
[Leipzig «Martin Landsberg oa*1499] GW 2438
* DK 6.6877
2» Inc.».a.97^ (« DK VI,o»685: 2<> Atgr.b. 389/1)
AleojPrlnt of mlorofllBi (Ann Arbor)
30
OECONDMICORÜM llbrl 2,tr,L*Aretlnus
(Llptzlxk 1510iMartlnus Herblpolensla)
2° A*gr.b.345A
OKCONOMICORÜM llbrl 2,tr«L»Aretlnu»
(Llptzlk 1507;Martlnus Herbipolensls)
2^ A.gr.b,407
DK 6.6883
DK 6*6881
31
32
VIENHA,0e3terrelchlscia© Natlonalblbliothek
OECONOI^ICORÜM llbrl graeols ßt latlnls»,.
[Ed.Georglne Llbanus].«
(Cracovlae 1537: Scharf fenberg)
45 T 55
PARIS tBlbllotheq.ue l7atlonale
ailbertl Cognatl No«erenl OIKONOMOC,
Lyon« 1539
Res* R,2118 (1)
DK 6.6859
:!l
XMBEX
A« l^mfaoe
65t 67 (trairOr 136t 142, X85, 2Q2 (frag.)
2> 3, 5, 20t 24. 61» 140» 187, (223)
36
D» Fxefacetbooks X and XI
(1) In th^ above Order
1, 4, 6, 10, U, 13, 14, 15, 16, 19, 29, 37, 39, 41, 42,
45, 47, 51, 52, 54, 58, 59, 66. 67, 72, 73, 75, 76, 77,
78, 79, 0Ö, 84, 65, 88, 6$, 92, 93, 94, 95, 97, 98 (fröi;.),
100, 101, 104, 105, 107, 112, 116, 117, 119» 120, 122, 125,
128, 129, 131, 152, 135 (fru^.), 158, 142, 143, 144, 147,
151* 152, 153. 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159. 160 (frn«J,
165, 164, 167, 168, 172, 174, 175, 176, 179, 133, 169, 192,
193. 194, 197, 200, 201, 207, 208, 212, 215, (221), (222) •
(2) Books I and IX,j^röfaoe
191
??iDBieralii in ( ) indic&te mB$« lost or not loeated
IltiiReral« in i. ] Indicat^ that the m»#,lf oompl^tedywould l>elong
ixi tMd oat^goryi the ms* ia Ilsted elst^whero In Ito
present form
Inäitz
*• 2 *
(1) Wlthout c^mtmntmx^
45» 90, 115t U5i 175i 196, 205
(2) tith iuiid«ntlfied Wfm^ntury
149
46, 50
K« Boolc II
150 (witlä ucüldentlflea oossmentary)
G« Büoka I and IltOOfö&ientar^ on boolt I
166 (fra^^at tlie enö of cosaß«mt&ryj followeö by v#o©nt Xeaves
146 (frii^«i parefaß® probable miöaliig); 178, (210 ?> -
Sde also
w (1)
I* Prefmeotbook l,oosri]^entex7 on book l
9, 18, 58, 55, 62, 96» 99, 114, 204 (fra^*)
(1) In thD abov« oir^tari titl« of <soi&s^<a:ntiixy) ooi^entarlolu«
21, 205
i -- «■
(2) CoiJSRcmtary m book I| ?r«f aee ,book8 I and II
102 (24 loav«» bötween QOfs^imntBX:f and jprofaced versioß)
■..-•• • T
lß4«x *. 3 •
h9 J^refao«||book Xt^ook ll^cosmmntBxy on book II
68 (vacant pa^t 9St9T book X) ^ «t« «ilso (l)
M* i'ref&cefbook Ipcornrnntary on book I«oaimenteiry on l>ook II
126 (Xeav«s with unr«lateci t«xt betw&«n the oormentarle^} «
»ee <a»o H (I)
H« P2refao«tbook I^ooi^^^^entiu^ on book I^book XltOOEmentaxy on book Xl|
(1) Co&^&entary followli)^ eaoh book aoj^arately {4r^
(2) Cmm&ntiß^r^ iri tto ii^ar^rln« next to tho tojct of oacb book
26, 109, 195, 211
0* i^ef&oe,book8 I and II,oo»isoBtiäxios on botb books ^
(1) In th€ above orä&r
7, 8, 12, 17, 22, 25 (f^ö^*), 27, 28, 50, 32, 35, 54, 44,
48, 49, 55, 56, 60, U©], 70, 71, 74, 82 (fragO, 85, 86,
105, 106, 108, 109, 110, 111, 125, 124, 127, 130, 155, 157,
159, 145, i 146 J, 161, 162, 165, 169, 17ö, 171, 177, 180,
181, 182, 184, 186, 188, 190, 199, 206, 209, 210, 213, 214,
216, 217, (219 ?)
(2) Coa&ientaxlaft on both booko; i>'r«faeo,book$ I oniQ. XI
51, 57, 64, 91, 118
P* Consent ari ei on both booko
25, 40, 121 (frasO
/
IniiMM
4 -
3L48
R» imimoisn arrangement or th« pari»
(220)
;•
i ,-•
Mßs. of Bruni's OECONOMICA in Iter Italiciun
AREZZO, Biblioteca della JPraternita dei Laici
cod. 118
154, f. 89-174
459, f. 50-60
p,2 with reference to me
p,2 with reference to Mazzatinti VI, 197
p.2 with complete description
^ t,
PLORENCE, Biblioteca Laurenziana
Conv.Soppressi 605 (Castellina 55*92) ,f. 1-40
cod. Ashb. 1405 (1329)
p.73 with reference to me
p.86 with reference to me and Boll. 642
Biblioteca Kazionale Centrale
Magliabechi XXI 7, f. 119-1 2 6v
J ^T\
7'.A. ««-'■•-*♦■'■-
Tordi 343,f.l25v
Kuovi Acquisti 354
p.120
p.169 with description
PP» 173-74 with detailed deecr.
Biblioteca Riccardiana
112 (L I 26)
135, f. 156-161
159 (N II 18),f.l-32v
P,185 with reference to Inventario
P.7
p . 186 with, desos^iption no t
^öoJbhmln^.
p.189 with extensive de sc.
166 (L I 32),f.240-?46 p^^gg with extensive desc. W-V^
523,f.90¥-9#N'^-
710 (N II 8),f.82-91v
)?^-il5
p.193 with ref . to Inventario,p.l5
pp. 198-99 with ref.to Inven.,p.l8
and Lami; ext.descr.
in . / >^--v
, -v^'/V,..
^t%
^mtmmm^^^^al^mmm^^^
Mss. of Bruni'8 OECOKOMICA in Iter Italicum
- 2 -
LÜCCA, Biblioteca Capitolare (Peliniana)
534,f.l-13v
p.254 with reference to me & Corsi
Biblioteca Governativa
14 36, f. 101- 106
p.260 extensive description; ehelf number
without old number ,ref.to Mancini
MACERATA, Biblioteca Comunale
5, 3 D 8, f.l42-146v
p.263 with reference to Mazzatinti
MAKTOVA, Biblioteca Comunale
A IV 16, f. 65-87
p,269 with ref.to Giornale III (I869),
31, n.llO
MILANO, Biblioteca Ambro siana
V
H 184 inf.,f.l06v-113v
J 11 sup. ,f .l-13v:
v/ J 33 inf.,f.70-82v
V ; J 98 sup,
^ J 115 sup.
t^ L 59 sup.
V 71 sup. ,f .6-14V
p.293 with ref. to Fraiiceschini,Miscel-
lanea Galbiati,p.242
p.332 with extensive description
p.294 with extensive descr.,but no pages
and ref.to Miscel.(jalbiati,p.243
and 246
P*337 with ref.to Miscel.Galbiati,p.243
^ Sussidio
B 166 (a S VI l),f.269-277v
p.345 with ref.to Mise. Galb. ,242-243
MODENA, Biblioteca Estense
Est.lat. 2 (Alpha Q 9,16)
p.377 with ext.descr. and ref.to I
Codici Petrarcheschi (1874),
127-128, n.247
*
p
^
• • • •
♦ •
- "
1
m
M88*
of Bruni's OECONOMICA in Iter Italicum
«
: - 3 -
Est.lat. 113 (Alpha Q 9,13)
p.369 excerpt (MS. together with
Plutarch,De liberis educan-
die , tr • Guar inus
Campori 18 (Gamma E 6,3)
Campori 74 (Gamma W 2,29)
p.386 excerpt with ref.to Lodi, 19-20
p.387 excerpt with ref.to me & Puliatti
NAPLES,Biblioteca Nazionale
VIII G 12
VIII G 30
VIII G 45
XIV E 26
p.404 excerpt with ref. to Bertalot
p.428 descr. with reference to me & Guerrieri
p.428 descr. with reference to me
p.433 descr. with ref. to me
Emendations
BOLOGNA, Bihlioteca üniversitaria
1639
p.24 incompl. descr. with ref.to Prati; Econ-
omics not mentioned; only new number
BRESOIA,Biblioteca Civica Queriniana
A VII 1
p.30 incompl. descr. with only Economic s and
ref.to Beltrami
<;\
vv
OECONOMICA - Medieval Translations - Statistics
ae corrected by Supplementa Altera
A, Translatio vetus
i; Total : 17
a. Pure texts: 13
b. Contaminated texts: 4. . * "
2 . Time of perming
a. s.XIII-XIV: 2
b. s.XIV: 10
c. s.XV: 5
3. Places of origin: Italy (9 or possibly 14); Bohemia (poseibly
1); Grermany( possibly 1)
B. Translatio (Recensio) Durandi
1.
2.
Total : 76 (including 1 dubious, 2 fragmentary, 4 contaminat
ed)
Time of penning
a« s. XIII:
b. s. XIII-XIV:
c. s. XIV:
d. s. XIV-XV:
3
35
e. s. XV: 33
3, Places of origin (certain)
Italy: 5; Prance: 8; Grermany: 9; England: 2; Austria: 1;
Switzerland: 1;
OECONOMICA - Medieval Translations - Statistics
A« Translatio vetus , '
1. Total! 16 (Lacombe 15+1) * ,
a. Pure texts: 13
b. Contaminated texts? 3 * ' ' .
2 • Time of penning
a. s.XIII-XIV: 2
b. s.XIV ! 8 + (1)
c. s.XV ! 5
'3. Places of origin: Italy (7 or possibly 14); Bohemia (1),
Germany (1)
B, Recensio Durand!
1. Total! 72 (including 2 dubious, 2 fragmentary and 2 contami^
nated)
2. Time of penningt
a* s. XIII ! 2
b. s. XIII-XIV ! 3
c. s. XIV ! 36
d. s. XIV-XV ! 3
e. s* XV ! 28
3. Places of origin !
Italy (certain! 5; in Italian collections (incl.Vatican)!lO)
France (certain! 7; in French collections! 10, outside 7)
Germany (certain! 9; in German collections! 25; outside 1)
England (certain! 2; in English collections: 4)
OECONOttICA - Recenalo Dtirandl - s. XV
1. L 150
2. L 206
L 563
4, I. :we
5. L 7724
6. L 748
7. L 779
8. L 799
9 . I 802
10. L 811
11 • L 816
12* L 883
13* L 926
14. L 949
UTRECHT, Blblioteek der Rijksuniversltelt, 318
a# XV [no place]
PRAGUE, Public and üniverpity Library, X.E.l
s. XV (1429) posslbly Bohemia
OXFORD, Maria Magdalen College, 189
s# XV [no place]
COPEWIIAGEN, Kongelige Bibliothek, Thott 300
March 3, 1461
PARIS, Bibllotheque SGint-Oenevleve , 257
8. XV wrltten In Italy
R0DE2, Bibliothl>que Municipfle, 36
s* XV
TOURS, Bibllotheque Munolpale, 744
a. XV
BA^iBERG, Staatliche Bibliothek, Patristicl 109
8. XV (1472) written in Erfurt by Carmellte
BERLIN, Deutsche Staatsbibliothek, lat. fol. 40
8. XV (1488)
BERLIN, Deutsche Staatsbibliothek, lat, fol. 652
»• XV
BERLIN? Deutsche Staatsbibliothek, lat. fol. 781
a. XV (1474) written in Germany
ERFURT, Wissen5»chaftliehe Bibliothek der Stadt, Ampi. fol. 338
s. XV
FULDA, Landesbibliothek, C 14 b (form. Kloster Weingarten)
8. XV ending
WÜERZBURG, Universitaetsbibliothek, K. oh. f. 60
s. XV
OECONOMICA - Reoenalo Diirandl • s* XV
«0 2 "<*
15. L 986
16. h 1008
17. I 1014
18. L 1036
19* L 1052
20. L 1081
21. L 1088
22. L 1119
23. L 1137
24. L 1150
liSJPZIG, ünlversltaetsblbliothek, 1598
8. XV
MAINZ, Stadtbibliothek, 542
8. XV
MÜNICR, Bayerlache Staatsbibliothek, Clm 130
8* XV (1459)
MUlllCH, Bayerlache Staatsbibliothek, Clm 8002 (form.Royal)
late 8» XIV - early s. XV wrltten [±n Germany]
roNICH, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Clm 14 092 (form,
RegensburgfS^Benedlot)
8* XV
MUNICH, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Clm 26 791
8. XV (1468)
MUNICR, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Clm 27 106
8. XV wrltten in Germany
BRESLAU, üniversitpetsbiblicthek, IV Q 49 (form. KolleglatS'
Stift Glogau)
8. XV
BASEL, Oeff . Bibliothek der Universitpet, F»II.8
s. XV (1468)
BAGEL, Oeff. Bibliothek der üniversitaet, F,VIII.15
8. XV
25. L 1167
26. L 1247
27. L 1700
28. L. 1790
29. L 1821
S
t. GALLEN, Stiftsbibliothek, 859
8* XV
VALENCIA, Blblioteca del Cabildo, 32
8. XIV - XV
STOCKHOLM, Kungl. Bibliotheket, V.a.2
s# XV wrltten possibly in Bohemia
VATICAN CITY, Blblioteca Apostolica, Pal.lat. 1055
s. XV.' p088ibly wrltten in Germany
V..TICAH CITY, Blblioteca Apostolica, ürb.lat. 1392
8. XV (1441)
OECOriOMICA - Recenslo Durand! - s. XV
- 3 -
31. L 1663
52 • L 2100
30, L 1661 CRACOW, Biblloteka Jaglellonska, 5QQ (dublous) - Contaml-
jy nated (Suppl»)
CRACOW, Biblloteka Tagiellonpka, 504 (dublous) - Contami-
nßted (Suppl.)
s» XV written by MichEelis de Vratislava (?)
SCHLOSS HARBTOO, Fürs tlich-Oettlngen-Wallerstöln* sehe ' •
Bibliothek, II lat. 1, fol. 111 (Suppl.)
s. XV written by a Gernian apeaking scrlbe at Fasel
MÜNICH, Bayerisches nationalmuseuiB, 1663
8* XV
LENINGRAD, Publichnaja Biblloteka. Gl, lat* 0, 2
3» XV (with reference to P.O.K»)
33. L 2112
34. L 2179
A
i^ ;.'17X Cli^iCO":, vib:L. CzartoT/ss.ioh
,4
' IT
(
OECONOMICA - Translatio vetus
1. L 16
2^ 1 20
3* L 505
4* L 669
L 1454
CAMBRIDQE (U.S.), Harvard TJniversity (Philip Hof er) 15
8 •XIII-XIV wrltten In Italy
ÜRBMA,üniverslty of Illinois X f .881/A 8X1
s.XIV wrltten in Italy
PARIS, Bibliotheque d 'Arsenal 699
s.XIV wrltten in Italy
PARIS, Bibliotheque Nationale, lat. 16 107 (form. Sorbonne 587)
s.XV (1455) wrltten for Gtilllelmus Flehet
MILAN, Biblioteca Affibrosiana, B 50 sup
s.XV
6. L 1461 IwILAN, Biblioteca Nazionale Braidense, A.D. IX. 25
8. XIV
7. li 1500 PARMA,Biblioteca Palatina, Parmense 6
8. L 1532
9. L 1606
10. L 1657
11. L 1749
s.XV
POPPI, Biblioteca Corounale Rllllana 14
s.XOT
VEHICE, Biblioteca Nationale Marciana, lat.VI 46
s.XIV
ZAGREB, Bibliotheca Capituli Metropolitani, US 14
s.XIV (o.l356-'1587)
VATICAN CITY, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Chlgi E. VII. 225
s.XIV wrltten in Italy
12. L 1852 VATICAN CITO, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Vat.lat.2104
s.XIII-XIV wrltten in Italy
Medieval Eoonomles
• 2 -
OECOHOMICA - Translatio vetus - Contaalnatad
13. L 181 ITKÜREÜSCH (Czechoöl.) tMbrary of Praeroonstratensio Order,A XI 56
a.XV (1461),fragHientöry (be^nnlng)
14« L 1100 STE'rTXH, Bibliothek des Marienstiftsgymnasiuias, Caatlnensis 38
»•XV; belonged to Stettin cburoh
(ttxt uncertaln: perhaps paraphrase)
15. L 1334 FLOHEHCE,Biblioteca Medicea-L&urenaiana,Conv.Soppr»95
».XIV; belonged to Badia Florentina
.'^..■-.. .. ..L
iäedleval Economic s
- 3 -
3. I 41
OECONOIi^ICA • RtC8n3io Durandl
I4 1. 17 NEW YORK^Coluffibla ünlverslty, Pllmpton 12
8»XIV, written In Italy
2* L 39 LILISNFEIiD ( Aus tria) , Bibliothek deß CistercienserstiftB, 152
8
*XIV [ ^-<■U^.^i 1
8. XIV
155
4. L 71 SCBLAEGI (Austrla) ,Stift8bibliothek, 22 Cpl 476^ 21
5. L Ö5
6« 1. 138
«aiv
VIENM,Nationalbibllothe)s:, 52
Nationalbibliothek (forza^üniversitaetsblbliothek) 5341
7* I 150 tJTRBCHT,Biblioteek der Rljkstiniversiteit, 318
e. L 206 FEAGTO, Public and ünlversity Library, X.E.l
8«XV (1429) ^ b^.v.'U^ a -.-f £...,_•,,.„ -
9. L 265 CHELTEHIlABi, Library of Sir Thoiaa» Philipps, 891 (2702)
©•XIV (1393) written for Tecob Albert de
itaynentlbus de Vico
10. L 304 LONDON, British Museum, Harleian 5004
s»XIV, written in Paris
11* L 338 OXFOBD,BodleJ:an Library, Rawlinaon B 1218
late S.XIV - early s.XV written in England
Medieval Eoonoaios
.4 -
i
OECONOMICA • Htoenalo Burandi (otd)
i
12*
h 345
OUb^OBD,Balllol College, 112
•axly 8. XIV, written in England
13.
L 363
OXFORD, Maria Magdalen College, 189
^ 14-
I. 398
COPENHAGEN^Kongelige Blbllotek, Thott Collectlon 300
15. I 426
16. li 609
March 3 #1461
SAIllT-OMER,Blljllothl<itte Mtmloipale , 598
late »*XIII - earljr a.XXV
PARIS, Blbllotheque nationale, lat »7695 A (fonn«Colbertinus,then
Reglas)
s.XIV
17. L 664 PARIS, Blbliotheque Nationale, lat. 16 089 (form. Sorbonne 841)
s.XIII-XIV
18. li 672 PARIS, Bibliotheque trationale,lat.l6 133 (fons. Sorbonne 963)
19* I» 678
s*XIV
PARIS, Bibliotbeque Natlonal0,lat.l6 147 { form .Sorbonne 9§9)
8, XIII
20. L 690 PARIS,Blbllotheque Nationale, lat, 16 490 (form. Sorbonne 1545)
8«XIV
21. L 713 PARIS, Blbllotheque Nationale, Ist* 17 810
s.XIII-XIV
V 22. L 724 PARIS, Blbllotheque Saint-Genevleve , 257
s#XV wrltten In Italy
23. L 732 PARIS, Blbllotheque de l'ünlverslt^, 1032
s.XIV
Medleval Eoonoolcis
- 5 -
/
OSCOHOMICA <« Eecenslo Durand! (otd)
24. L 748 RODEZ,Blbliothique Saunlclpale, 36
s.XV
25. I 779 TOURS, Blbliothlque Mimlclpale, 744
ß.XV
26. L 799 BABIBERGi Staatliche Bibliothek, Patristiel 109 (B*IV«58)
s.XV (1472) written in Erfurt by the Carmelit«
Mathias Farinator
27. L 802 BERLIN, Beut sehe Staatebibliothek, lat.fol.40
sav (1488)
28. L 811 BERLIN, Deutsche Staatsbibliothek, lat.fol.652
s.XV
"' 29. L 816 BERLIN, Deutsche Staatsbibliothek, lat,fol.781
s.XV (1474) written in Geinaany
30. L 871 ERFURT, Y/i3senschaftliche Bibliothek der Stadt, Ampl.fol.35
late s.xrV
V 31. L 883 ERFURT, Wissenschaftliche Bibliothek der Stadt, Ampi. f Ol. 338
s.XV
32. L 894 KRFüRT, Wissenschaftliche Bibliothek der Stadt, Aapl.quart.23
s .XIV
- 33» L 926 FÜIDAjLandesblbllothek, C 14 b (form. Kloster Weingarten)
s.XV ending
34. L 941 WOLFKNBÜETTELtHeraogliche Bibliothek, Hel»8t.488
s.XIV probably written in France
35. L 943 WOLFEHBUETTEL,Heraogliche Bibliothek, Heimst. 593
s.XIV written in Germany
Medieval Boonomlcs
- 6 -
OECONQMICA - Hecensio Durandl (ctd)
56* L 949 WüERZBüRGjünlversltaetsblbllothek, M.ch.f.60
9. XV
37. L 962 LEIPZIO,üniversitaetsblbliothek, 1337
»♦XIV wrltten in Paris
58, L 963 LEIP2lO,üniver»itaetsbibliothe3c, 1338
8#XIV written probably in Paris
59. L 985 LEIP2IO,üniver»ita<i*sbibliothek, 1597
s#XIV written in Germany
^40* L 986 LEIPZia,Univer8itaetsbibliothek, 1398
8. XV
^ 41* LI 008 MAINZ, Stadtbibliothek, 542
42, L 1 014
/ 45^ L 1 036
44. I 1 052
45. I 1 075
V 46. LI 081
47. L 1 0$i
s.XV
MÜNlCfi, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Clm 150
s.XV (1459)
MÜHICH, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Cl» 8002 (fona^Royal L.)
late s.XIV-early s.XV written by Johannes Hefelein
MIJKICH, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, CIk 14 092 { form .cod. S. Bene-
dict! in Regensburg)
s.XV
MÜNICH, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Cl» 22 297 (fona.Praemonstr*!
monastery at Winberg)
s.XIV written in öermany (in nargins another Oeco-
noiDioß Version)
MÜHICH, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Clm 26 791
s^XV (1468)
IfclüKICH, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Clm 27 106
©•XV written in Germany
....v'tri.. f>,'{t!,\ .•ftimtmi-'f i "T >■ /IL ,'- ^..i—Hi.tt ^> .U -J.!."» '«■''-" - -* i
ljA. I Jl^i t-Ti xWi^i'r ^ --f»- r ■trt'ir' V'J^Y*™ J^*- - ^
MedlevaX EoQxiomloB
■mir f «m
OECOKOMICA - Reoenslo Durandl (otd)
48« L 1 119
BRESlAÜ,ÜÄlv©rsltaetöbibliothek, IV Q 49 (fora.Kollegiatsstift
Glogau)
8 • A V
V 49* L 1 157 BASEL^Ooeff entliche Bibliothek der Uhiversitaet, F. II. 8
6. XV (X468)
. 50. L 1 150 BASEL,0€ff entliehe Bibliothek der Uhiversitaet, F,VIII,15
».XV
^- 51* LI 167 ST. GAILEN, Stiftsbibliothek, 859
s.XV
52. LI 191 MADHID#Biblioteca Nacional, 1413
s.XIV probably wriiten in Franoe
53. L 1 196 MABRID,Biblioteca Nacional, 2872
late s.XIV posaibly written in Spain
V
54. LI 247 VALENCIA, Biblioteoa del Cabildo, 32
8.XIV-XV
55. L 1 285 BOLOOIIA,Biblioteca Universitaria, Ist. 1119 (2252)
s.XIV
56. LI 367 FLOESHCEtBiblioteca Medioea-Laxir^naiana, [S.Cruois] Plut.XIII|
sin .6
late a.XIII (sold 1318 to Florentine convent,belonged|
to Frans iecans)
57. LI 419 FIiOREKCE»Biblioteoa Rlcoardiana, 113
s.XIV written In Italy
58. L 1 600 VEITICE, Biblioteoa Ifaaionale Marciana, lat.VI,39
early s.SIV written by two French oeribes
59. LI 656 VOLTERHA,Biblioteca Guamacciana, 6366 (LVII,8,5)
a.XIV
Medleval Economic s
*» 8 "*
OECOKOMICA -> Heoensio Durand! (ctd)
V 60. L 1 700 STOCKHOLM, Kungl.Blbliot«k«t> V,a*2
s.XV wrlttan poö8i*bly in Boheaaia
6l» L 1 764 VATICAN cm,Biblioteca Apostoldkoa Vetloana, 0ttob.lat.2083
8. XIV
62 • LI 783 VATICAJT CITY,Blblioteca Apostolloa VatiOßua, Pal.lat.X0l6
ö.XIV
" 63. L 1 790 VATICAN CIXy,Blblioteca ApostoUca Vaticana, Pal. lat. 1055
3. XV posslbly written in Germany
64. LI 806 VATICAN CITY,Biblioteoa Apostolloa Vaticana, Ross. 569
s.XIV wrltten by a Frenoh »cribe
t/ 65. LI 821 VATICAN CITY^Blblioteoa Apostolloa Vaticana, ürb.lat. 1392
s.XV (1441)
66. LI 682 VATICM CITY,Blbliotaca Apostblica Vaticana, Vat.lat. 2995
s.XIV wrltten by an Italian scribe
OECONOMICA - Heoenalo Durand! - (1) Dubious
67. LI 661 CRACOWjBlblioteica Taglellonaka, 502
s.XIV (1397)
68. L 1 663 CRACOW^Blblloteka Jaglellonska, 504
8. XV
OBCONOMICA - Recenslo Durand! - (2) Fragment ary
69 L 933 00ETTING£U,Hledersaech8lQche Landesbibliothek, Apparat. dlplom.
10 E Mappe XI,no.8
ö.XIV wrltten In Oermany
70 LI 075 MOTICH, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, CIb 22 297
s.XIV wrltten in Geraany (codex from the Praeiconstri
tenslon monastery at Windberg)
.hü i'4 'riu . '.' . ^
•■■. -t ^..-H: ■ i i fi'r ^:-»t \ ■ f^' •-«.■ t -rt.'^ y *■..»..■* ■«' .».
-■ 'IVSiAi ,..
Jl«dliav&l Soonoutlos
- 9
m
OECOKüMICA - Recenaio Dxirandi * (3) Contemlnated
71 L 450 BOtrLOGHE-SÜR-MKH,Blbllotheque Mimloipale, 110
8. XIV
72 I 1 597 FLOREHCE,Biblioteca Mazlonale Centrale, Conv»Soppr.A»5«2769
8«XIV (the codex belonged to the Badla Floren«
tina)
Medieval £oonoalo«
3^
• 10 *
OECONOMICA «* Reoensio Durandl - Addltions and Correctloae
in Aristoteles Latinus« Supplenenta Altera»
•' . ' • ■ ■ -».'..
(1) Correotions
66. L 1 882
67. L 1 661
68, L 1 663
VATICAN CITY,Biblioteca Apostolioa Vatioana, Vat.lat.2995
^l to be reBK)ved and to beoome Contaninated
I tranalatlo vetus (» »y listtno«16)
... ' > ■ .
CRACOW,Biblioteka Jagiellonslca, 502 "^^^^^
to be removed fro« (1) dubious and to beooBe (5)
Contaminated reeensio [ tranalatlo] DtirandjL
':"■; -I wrltten in 1416 :'SiMSB
.^-
,i-.' .5 i.../
=i^;.
CRACOW,Biblioteka Jagiellonska, 504
to be removed from (1) dubious and to become (3)
Contaminated tranalatlo Durand! , w '
8*XV written by Michaelis de Vratislava (?)
(2) Addltions
73. L 2 019 BJHSBRÜCK, üniversitaetsbibliothek, 157
to become (l) dubious
8. XIV (1366) written in Vienna
74. L 2 100 SCHL03S HARBURG, Fürstlich-Oettingen-Wallerateln*8che
Bibliothek, II lat. 1, fol. 111
s. XV written by a German speaking sorlbe at Basel
75. 12 112 MTOICH, Bayrisches Nationalinuseu», 1665
76. L 2 171
8. XV
CRACOW, Biblioteka C«artoryskich,Muz€UiB Narodowe w KrakO'
wie, 2060
s. XIV written by a Frenoh hand
to beoone (1) dubious
Medioval £oonomiO0
•► 11 *
77* I 2 179^
LENINOfuyD.Publlohnaja Biblloteka, Cl. lat. 0* 2
8* XV (with referenoe to P«0«K»)
I >.
■*■'
1661
1663
1882
2019
Laurentius Minio-Paluello (ed.), Aristoteles Latinus Codices.
Supplementa Altera. Bruges-Paris,1961
Codices Poloni
Cracovienses
Bibl.Jagellonica, 502
3. Economica, Translatio Durand! , ff. 256v-262r
Saec. XIV-XV, chart. , mm. 290 x 200, ff. 328
f. 262r: "finis in die nativitatis Marie anno 1416"
p.157, no. 1661 - Index (p.l98): Translatio Vetus -16611
Translatio Durandi 1661 '♦'
Bibl.Jagellonica, 504
12. Economica, Translatio Durandi, ff. 524r - 533v
Saec. XV, Chart., mm. 310 x 210, ff. 533» longis lineis ab
uno librario, fortasse Michaele de Vratislava,exaratus.
p. 158, no. 1663 - Index (p.l98): Translatio Vetus^l663l
Translatio Durandi 1663 "^
Codices Vaticani
Vaticani, lat. 2995
p.181, no.l882 - Index (p.l98): Translatio Vetus 1882 (227)
Translatio Duranditl882:i
Codices Austriaci
Oenipontani (Innsbruck)
Bibl. üniversitatis, 157
2. Economica, Translatio Durandi (?), ff. 52v-55v
Saec. XIV (a. D. 1366) , chart. , mm. 290 x 220, ff. 55, longis
lineis a Henrico Folrado exaratus. . . ./ .. P. 55v " Et sie
est finis libri yconomice Aristotelis Anno incarnationis 1366
8^^ ydus Augusti ...". Olim Bibliothecae Monasterii Kovacellen-
sis T(irolenbis) (Neustift).
P.52r " ... per manus Henrici Polradi de Aldensburg ..
Minio-Paluello, Aristoteles Latinus Codices. Supplementa Altera
2100
2112
2171
in civitate Wienna .•.»'
p. 55-56, no. 2019 - Index (p.l98): Translatio Durandi 2019
Codices Grermanici
Harburgenses
Bibl. Principis Öttingen-Wallenstein (Schloas Harburg, Bayern:
PUrstlich-Oettingen-Wallerstein* sehe Bibliothek)
II lat. 1, fol, 111.
3. Tabula Economic orum, ff.l21r - 124r. 4* Economica,
Translatio Durandi, ff. 124v - 128v.
Saec. XV, chartac, mm. 298 x 205, ff. 131 ... f. 128v: "Pe-
tre Glaserine dyocesi basile studens parisiensis" .
p. 111, no. 2100 - Index (p.l98): Translatio Durandi: 2100
Monacenses
Bibl. Musei Nationalis Bavarici,1663 (Bayrisches National-
museum)
2. Economica, ff. 78r - 83r
Saec. XV, chart., mm. 320 x 205, ff. 258. E bibliotheca
Conventus Franc i sc anorum Ingolstadensis.
p. 116, no. 2112 - Index (p.l98): Translatio Durandi: 2112
Codices Poloni
Cracovienses
Bibl. Czartoryskiana, 2060 (Biblioteka Czartoryskich, Mu-
zeum Narodowe w Kirakowie)
5. Economica, Translatio Durandi (?).
Saec. XIV, membran. ,in-fol. , ff. 228, binis columnis in
G-allia exaratus.
p. 156, no. 2171 - Index: Translatio Durandi: ri7l
••'*1*I'->WI*
Minio-Paluello, Aristoteles Latinus Codices. Supplementa Altera
- 3 -
2179
Codices Hussicl
Leninopolitani
Bibl. Publica, Class. lat. 0.2.
Economica, Translatio Durandi ciim commento ("Iste liber
cuius subiectum est homo felicitabilis ..."),ff. 21v-29r
Saec« XV y chart.y ml sc e Ilaneu s, ff •29*
p.173, no, 2179^ (commxinicated by Kristeller) - Index (p.l98)
Translatio: Durandi: 2179^^ - ibid.: Dubrowsky,P. poss. 2179^
Codices Italici
2158
2181
Maceratensis
Bibl. CoTTiTmmalis Mozzi-Borgetti, 5.3.D.30 (3.C.17f Mazzat. 361)
5. Bconomica, Translatio Vetus, ff. 106v-119v
Saec. XIV, membran. , mm. 255 x 170, ff.llo. Olim codex Vati-
canus Latinus 3075» proveniens e Bibliotheca Colucii Salutati.
p.143» no. 2158 (in literature reference to Soudek) - Index
(p.l98): Translatio Vetus: 2158
Codices Vaticfanus
Barberiniani , lat. 52
3. Petrus Grallegus,Breviatio Economicorum, ff.22r-24r
Saec. XIV, membran., mm. 215 x 155
Vide A. Pelzer ,Un traducteur inconnu, Pierre Gallego ("Miscel-
lanea P.Ehrle" I = "Studi e Testi' 37 1924) ,pp. 407-456
p.175, no. 2181 - Index (p.l98): Breviatio Gallegi 2181
■1 1
■^^
GREEK OECONOMICA fidANUSCRIPTS
387
400
539
554
657
772
856
Bucarest,Bibliotliäque de l*Acad6mie roiimaine
cod. 695 (286) s.XVIII 300 fols. chart. 8^
f.92v-94v: fragm. ex Oeconomica (also from EN and
Pol.)
Cambridge ,University Library
cod. 1879 (Ii.v.44) s.XIII 147 fole. membr. 4°
f .138v-147v (Also MM,EN,EE)
Florence,Biblioth^que Laxirentieime
cod. Laurent. LXXXI, 5 s.XV 77 fols. membr. 4°
f.69v-77v (Preceded by Pol.libri 8)
cod. Laurent. LXXXI,21 s.XV 125 fol. membr. 4^
f.ll3v-125v: Oec.libri II (Preceded by Pol.lib.8)
HarburgjBiblioth^que du chateau
cod.olim Maihingen 634 (de la bibliothlque du prince
Öttingen- Waller stein) s.XVI
f. ? : Oec. (Preceded by Rhet. ,EK and followed by
Phys. , Problem. ,Politica)
Leipzig, Biblioth^que universitaire
cod. 24 (olim 1335) s.XV 235 fols. chart. i®
f. 169 - I80v: Oec.libri II (Preceded by EN,Pol. and
followed by Rhet.l.III)
London, Biblioth^que priv§e de W.H.Robinson
cod.olim Philipps 3085 s.XVI 125 fols. chart. fol.
f. ? : Oec.
(Preceded by EN, EE and followed by
opera Theophrasti )
Source: Andr6 War teile, Inventaire des Manuscrits G-recs d'Aristote et
de ses Oommentatexu's . Paris: "Les Beiles Lettres" ,1963
The numbers next to the descriptions are Wartelle »s
serial numbers.
Greek OECOROMICA Manuscripts
- 2 -
/ 866
Madrid, Biblioth^que Nationale
cod. N 41 (4578) s.XV 97 fols. chart. fol. minor.
f.l-9v: Oec.libri II (Followed by Pol.liljri VIII)
/ 1087
/ 1190
K 1191
1222
•/
1282
Moscow,Mus6e historique,Biblioth^que Synodale
cod. 451 (8/VIII) s.XVI 210 fols. ch^grt. 4^
f.205-210v: Oec.libri II (Ereceded by MM, Eustratü
in EN librum primum comment., EN I-IV, l.V
cum Michaelis Ephesii comment., EN libri VI-
VIII cum Eustratii comment., Pol. libri I-V
et libri VIII et DC)
Naples,Bibliothdque Nationale
cod. 324 (III. E. 2) s.XIV 211 fol. membr. 4° parvo
f.l83-.205v: Oec.libri II (Ereceded by EN)
cod. 325 (III. E. 3) anno 1493 248 fols. chart. 4° parvo
f. 225-248: Oec.libri II (Preceded by Pol.)
Oxford, Biblioth^que Bodl^ienne
cod.Bodl.Baroccianus 70 s.XV 398 fols. chart. 4^ min.
f.58v-80v: Oec.libri II (Preceded by EN and followed by
Phys.I-IV^ Epist.Alexandri et Aristo telis, Ano-
nymi in de Anima librum primum comment., de Anima|
libri III cum scholiis)
Corpus Christi College
cod. 112 s.XV 174 fols. chart. fol.
f. 88-94: Oec.libri II (Preceded by EN, MM, EE I-III,VII,
VV and followed by Pol.,Rhet.ad Alex. »epist.ad
Alex. et ad Olympiadem ,
c
jfiJlA.
"zM^W. ■
J- ^^4 L^'^>rcc;ygy/v..n c>j o<.' ^<xi L . ^^itr^ ^RtA ^ w^ ^<v-^n<frc iK ^- v-l ^
j. i3U- ^^^Q■ Ot' k:oyj^i,i^<^ ^V^^t^ '...
-4i±: ^^n^ i u^Myat. ( Gr^ -V^^U^-uU. ^ fe^. ^:^-. ^^"l ^- '^{'^^^^-' ^ ^ X^ .
K rM^^^-^W oXgPtfV
F. I ■ S>^'i^^t^. -X c, !»^,^^^ . i .^i yr. Uy^J^^.'i. 1''«^ V^^^wg..^^i^ ^<U j-tU-c^( CL^^a-vwo
t^
t^S^. toi,^. (TWU^. ^R>6^^ u>3=^_ (iLiT ^ cA^^;^vt, vv ^< ^
i■^^'^ Oi^KJtrojkuKo«. ■ >
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1
Grreek
OECONOMICA Manuscripts
- 3
' 1342
Paris
,Bibliothdque Nationale
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f.235-261v: Oec.libri II (Preceded by Pol.)
V 1454
cod. Par.gr. 2023 s.XY
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323 fols. Chart. 8®
(Preceded by EN,Pol. ,MM)
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cod.Par.Coislinianus 161 s.XIV 448 fols. Chart. 4^
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with comm. by Alexander Aphrodisias,Syrianus
Philoxenus »Michael Ephesius)
cod. Par.Suppl.gr. 652 s.XV 296 fols. chart. 8^
f.265v-273: Oec.libri II (Preceded by Pol.)
Vatican Cite', Biblioth^q.ue Vaticane
cod. Vat.gr. 1342 s.XIII 133 fols.
f. 125-133: Oec.libri II (Preceded by EN,EE libri 5)
^ 1786
cod.Vat.gr. 1343
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fragm.ex Pol. et Ethica)
1849
cod.Vat.gr. 2370 s.XV 230 fols. chart. 4^
f. ? : Oec. (Preceded by EN and Pol.)
I :
i
♦ Greek OECOHOMICA Manuscripts
- 4 -
vy
1942
1975
" 1996
Vati c an Library
cod. Vat.Pal. gr.l65 s.XV 157 fols. membr. 4^
f. 149-157: Oeclibri II (Preceded by EN,EE and MM)
cod. Vat.Reg. gr.l25 ß.XVI 378 fols. chart. 8°
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MM and EE libri 7)
cod.Vat.Urb. gr.46 s.XV 122 fols. membr. 8^
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V :>
LEONARDO BRUNI AND HXS FU3U0
Ftoeudo-^lstote^lan Economica : 3 boolsBi books I and II (Oraek base)
bo^ III (uo Oreek base)
Hedleval Latin Translatlons
Tranalatlo Vgtim : Anonyit^us translation of bookfi I^ 11^ IH^ c,« 1280
Recensio Diirandl i Translation (revlalcKi ?) b/ Diz'acdus de Alvemia
(Durand dUuvergne) of books I and IH (llbor secundus)! 1295
Renaissaneo Latin Translation
Leonardo Brunl: Preface^ books I and HI (llber secundiis}^ lb20«21
Statitftlcs on maniuicrlpt dlffusloos
*« tr&flM by Sir John !feiTJdovllle (1356): 135S ^^ Oo 1U60: 250 {seples
bo Brat (fingllsh chronicle) bjr LaySösca (Text 1 - 12Q5; Tart> B
(paraphriae 7) - 1275)« 12Q5 • Co lk308 111 copios (incompLctc llstlig)
Co Ovtd's Metamorphoses : (a) lO^bh «- 17th centorlest yjO copieä
(b) 15 th conturyi 135 copieej (c) l5th 'ind early l6th ccrturlesi 137 copies
do Latin Econ ond.es versicns: 13tli « l6th contizrias
^^^ ^ftr glatio vetuB? 15 (17) ooplcss I5th centur/J 5
(2) Rocansio Duran dl« 72 (76) coples; I5th Century» 27 (30)
(3) BrurJL Version: 223 coplaa (Includlng S pröbafcly lc3t or not IccatJK?) \
ISth centurys 213 extant coplee
l6th Century: h extant eoplas
LEONARDO mmX AND HiS PUBLIC
Pseudo^Arlstotsllcn Sconomlca
3 booksi books I and II (Qreek böse)
book III (no Oreek baso) '
'¥
llBdleTftl Latin Translatlons
Tranalatio Vetua i Anonymsus trai)8?Atlon of bookn lg 11^ HI; e» 1^80
Rec enalo Du randl? Translation (rovlslixi ?) by Du*andu8 de Alvsmla
(Durand dUurergne) of books I and IH (Ilbsr 8ecundus)| 1295
Eenaissanee Latin Tranalation
Leonardo Bruni: Preface^ books I and HI (über secundus}^ 2i^0^I
Statisties on manuacript diffugions
»® tfaTel B hy Sir John Msmdor^llle (1356): 135^ ^- Oo lUOOs 250 «sepice
bo Bnit (fingliah chronide) by Lay^acti (Text A • 12Q5; Tort B
(p«TGphr^3e ?) « 1275)« 1205 * c» lUBOs 1^1 copies (incoii^lete lls'ilig)
Co 0v1.d'8 Xstrimorphoges 8 (a) 10*bh *» 17th centii*icr?J 390 copiea
(b) l5th centuryi 135 copies; (c) l5th iiid sarl)»' l6ih conwurles: 3.37 coplea
do Latin Ecc ^oaicc versicnss 13th « l6t^a conturios
(1) It' anglatio vetusr 15 (17) oopiess Ijth centur/J 5
(2) Recensio Durandlg 72 (76) ooaiess 15'^ centui'y* 27 (30)
(3) Bnml vereion: 223 copiae (including S probably legt or not Iccüt^d)
I5th Century: 213 extant copiee
l6th centuryt b extant coples
LEONARDO BRUNI AND H CS PUDLIC
Pseudo«Ari8toti}llan Economics : 3 books} booke I and II (Oreek biso)
book III (no Oreek baae)
* * *
^fedleyal Latin Translatlons
Tfanalatlo Y^ttta i Ananyn^us translatlon of books lg 11^ Ol; e» 1280
Recenalo Durandl i Translation (revlsion ?) b/ Djrandue de Alvemla
(Durand d'Ainrergne) of books I and III (llbor aecundiia); 1295
Renaissance Latin Translation
Leonarde Brunit Prefacej» books I and III (über cecundus)^ üi^Q«»21
Statistice on manuscript diffusions
•• Trarel e by Sir John Muiderille (1356): 135^ '-■' ^o lU^'Ot 250 oepies
b« Brut (finglish chronicle) b/ Lay&uii^La (Text A «- 12Q5| Tsxt B
(paraphr^e ?) « 1275)» 12Q5 • c«. l^SOs 1^1 copies (inconplete 15.gUig)
€• Orid^s MetjLmorphoses x (a) lObh « 17 th centiriesx 390 copies
(b) 15 th Century: 135 copies | («) l5th :ind earl/ l6th Cßnturles: 137 copies
d» Latin Eccr i oinics Tersicns: 13th « l6th centtxrias
(1) Üturslatlo vetue: 15 (17) copies s IJth Century? 5
(2) Receniio Durandl t 72 (?6) copies; I5^h centuiyt 27 (30)
(3) Bruni Version: 223 copias (inclucling S prcbably lc3t or not Iccat^d)
I5th Century: 213 extant copies
l6th Century: k extant copies
Bruni*8 Prefaoe to hl» Soonowio» V«ralon#
Thing« of sr#at valu« are eonetlBtee of «Inute sls« a» th« g«iB»
and the jdwftla atte»t« And aometi»«« u&deralaad man prevail ovar
largar onas aa Hoinar wrote of Tydeua of whom ha rai^orted th^t all
fhebana wara in aontaata by far axarpassed by hii&tahort and laa» aa
h6 «ras« Statlu» alao |f ollowl£^ Hoiser an thia i&attarti baliavefaaldt|
•Vlrtua rai^na better ir* a w^&k body"» you,b«>lovöd Cosr^aatwlll
tharofora not löok ä^owa on whatavar there rlght ba to thia littla
boolc becauaa it aonaiato of a faw pasts only« Small aa it la»it ia
riöh in content and worth ita prlae« l have translatad it fro» tha
Oxael: during thaaa vaoations Bnü I hava dadiaated it to you «ha^aa
it söarna to mati$ moat worthy of it« For on govamißent to whon alaa
can advisa ba givan an ita battar oond^ot but to ono who may ba
chargad vvlth its conduct ? Md on the admini^tration of th« houaa-*
hold again to whosi eXaa but to ono who may own asü^lo sutoana and ia^
oroaaea thefö by conaerving tham %ith praiaa aa wall aa by anlarj^in^
thoBi with di^ity ?
arantaö tharafora that you youraalf Kay ba andowed with gxaat
wisdom and abla to Xaarn daily aoisathini^ trom yout fathar»himaalf
a Viäry wisa man^it vrill navartholo^^^ be worth tha äff ort to kno«
wh^t tha saost brilliaut mlnds of philoaopbera hava taiight about tha
manageaent of tha housohold. For a« haalth is the aim of the art
of s^iOiUcinayao ia waalth the aim of th® art of hotxaahold mana^a^^^nt«
tamlth i» msäful indeod aa it providas^ thosa who possess it with
f '
Biruni*» X<»diMHaö» ?r«fM#
4W S^ 4*
of a^antfifcit« to «on« wto ttixots^ it axn aor« ««fi^ll/ rji^#4 I0 lim«'
ttelr virtuos that ibjr no wmn»^ ari»^ «aaily^« a» a proiiouii«t»#iit
of otur i^dtt [Jttv«ii«lJ »«/»• 11iear«fore w« «« w«ll as tha a<ma
ahouXdt alm with mf%eli ^raatax* aara a% tha aiiiXarfiiaTit af tMa «aaltli
aa t^kst at wa hanaatl/ poasasa it aiüiaa l»y ^hiloaopliara it la aaimt«»
ad lys^nß th» go04» t&M baliavad to s^airtaln to lia^^ifinaaa» t^% tliaxa«|
fax« majr raM praaaj^ta or^ tliaae irattari^ in thia llttla boak b/
ArlatotXe which I not oaJgr tsrajniaiatad fraar tha O^raak aa I )>alievad
it to ba s^at fxttin^^bBt to wi^lola I «yiso 4sitt^oba4 ao»a axplaimtian
of tlia ii^r@ obsoux«; i^a^ao^s so tbat it is^ %n aasiex for /ou to
T9M^ it#
Itit b^ wiyr of intxo<luotioi% thia ahotilü be atatad flrstt thara
ar« täsro pmttB of j^li4ioao|>h/ of wMok thM ona ravolvaa axotuul oo^«»
nition af tbin^a 0iMd tha othar aroimd action« fha fixat paart ji^itr^
taina to tliOi^a ißattars n^ho^a j^tiarpose ia oognition itaaXf « Bitt tlia
aotlva part ooÄtnina pracapta for lifo whiefe to know wmnnn littla
unlaaa siuali ImowleOura laaäa to aotion« thaaa praoaita im tum ara
diviaa4 in a thraafold mannar t nas^aly thay aitliter iaatrtiot tta
about ii^xal^ or about tlia houaab^i^Xäl or about publio 4iffaixa# Of
thoaa tba (Sxaolcj» onll tha fir^t on^ Ethio$!» tha aaoot&il iaonoaiiaa
and tha tir.ird l'oXi tio«* It 8tan<^a 12a in bitter ataadfl baiiav»!
to uaa OUT owa taima r^:iitbar thmti tha foral^ onea*
lloWfXat tia COM to tba taxt by AriatotXa»
3:ximaiata4 by Cathariiia ö »Stabil« mü 4oaaf Sandale
Hovtmbax X965
/"
10. Praefatlo in Libros Oeconomicomm Pseudo-
Aristotelis. 5
Ad Cosmam Medicem.
(1420.) '^
Protiosa sunt interdum parvi corporis, quod lapilli g^ounaeque
tastantur; •! homines nonnumquam pusilli grandioribus praevalent, 10
ut da Tydeo scribit Homorus, a quo breyi et •ziguo Thabanos
omnes certaminibus longe supsratos fuisse tradit. Statius quoqua
Homerum, credo, secutus de eodem inquit: **Maior in exiguo regna^
bat corpore virtus." ^^ Tu igitur, Cosma dulcissime, hoc quicquid
est libelli ob paginae brevitatem nequamquam despexeris. Pusillum 15
quidem est,at viribus amplum et pretio dignuuu Quod ego per has
ferias e Graeco interpratatus, non immerito, ut mihi vidaor, tibi
potissiosum destinavi. Cui enim ractius de gubernatione exercitus *
praecipi potest, quam illi, qui exercitum habeat ? Cui rursus de
rei familiaris administratione, quam ai, qui rem anplam possidat 20
et tueri illam cum laude gliscit et augere cum dignitate 7
Licet ergo tu ipse per te multum sapias et a patre tuo Yiro sapian-
tissimo '^^^^ quotidie audire possis,oparae pretium tarnen erit, quid de
re familiari tradiderint excellentissima philosophorum ingenia,
cognovisse. Ut enim medicinaa finis est senitas, ita rei familiaris 25
divities finem esse constat. Sunt vero utiles divitiae,cum et Orna-
mente sint possidentibus et ad virtutem axercendam suppeditent
facultatem. Prosunt etiam natis, qui facilius per illas ad honores
Praefatio (»d.H. Baron), p. 121
- 2 -
dignitatesqu» sublevantur. Nam **quora]ii vlrtutibus obstat res
augusta domi, haud facile amergunt**, ut poatae nostri die tat sentaxt-
tia. V Qaare cum nostra txun natorum malto magis earitata illa-
rum ainplificationl, quoad honesta possunnzs, studendum est,
quoniam a philosophis in bonis numerantur et ad felicltatem perti-
nere creduntur. Tu Igitur harum praecepta rerom in hoc libello
Aristotelis leckes, quem ego non solxim transtuli e Oraeco, ut
maxime consonum esse putavi, verum etlam explanationem quam-
dam obscuriorum verborum adiunxi, quo tibi legenti dilucidior
10
esset*
15
Primum igitur illud praemittendum: duas philosophiae esse partes,
quarum altera in cognitione rerum, altera in agenao versatur, Prima
pars fere ad illa pertinet, quonim finis est ipsa cognitio. Activa
vero praecepta vitae continet, quae scire parum est, nisi deduoas in
actum, Ea vero praecepta. dividuntur trifariam; Aut enim circa mores
nos instruunt aut circa rem familiärem aut circa rem publicam.
Harum primam ethicam , secundam oeconomicam , tertiam politicam
(Jraeci appellant. Nos, ut opinor, nostris vocabulis uti magis decet,
quam alienis.
20
Nunc ad teztum Aristotelis veniamus.
l) F^ (Florenz Bibl.Naz. Conv.soppr, C. 7. 2677, f. 66''^) , in den anderen
Handschriften nostri -
/
Pratfatio (td.H. Baron), notas on pp. 120-121
- 3 -
Notes on p.l20
*) Titel in Rice. 899 (gaschrieben 1445): »»Praefatio ad Cosmam
de Medicis super libnim Economicorum aive de re familiari Ariatotelis.*»
Q^r letztere Untertitel auch in vielen anderen Texten,
Weitere Handschriften: - Unter allen diesen Hand^
Schriften ergibt sich, nach Abzug der offenkundigen Irrtümer, durchgängig
volle Übereinstimmung; die Überlieferung ist hier also vorzüglich.
StatiuSjThebais I, 417.
^**) Giovanni de'Medici; gestorb. 1429,
Notes on p.l21
^) Iuvenal,3atir. , 3. 164,
w.
ii :
i '
!
1
J
10
15
20
Leonardus Aretinus,Aristotelis Oeconomicorum liber primus [cap^IIl]
Sed eius diligentiae quae est circa homines primae sunt partes
circa uxorem. Societas est enim maxime secundum naturam mari et foemi-
ne. Fraemissum est enim a nohis & aliis locis desiderare naturam multa
efflcnre t^lia. ^^pluti unum quodcue animalium. Est autem impossibile
foeirina sine mar^,aut marf^m sine foemina hoc ad implere. Quare eorum
societas ex necessitate constituta est. ^nim uero in caeteris animali-
bus absque ratione id fit & inquantum naturae capatia sunt & procrean-
di gratia solum.
1-2 Earum quae ad homines spectant diligentiarum, prima cura circa
uxorem existit F // 2. societas enim est B // 3.suppositum F />
[enim] F // in multis F // 4. enim for autem B // 5. foeminam F,B
adimplere F,B // 6. Enimuero F,B // 7. capacia F,B //
In cicuribus autem & prudentioribus distinguntur magis. Apparent
enim in his magis auxilia mutua & dilectiones & cooperationes maxime-
que in homine id conspicitur quod non essendi causa solum uerumetieun
bene essendi raas & foemina ope mutua coniunguntur r^fli^ procreant non
solum ut naturae tributum id ferant uerum etiam ut oommoda ex inde sus-
cipiat, Valentes enim ipsi imbecillos suo labore tuentur & alunt . Mox
imbecilli ob senium f<^.cti a vali-ntibus eadem reportant.
9. distinguitur F // 10. mutua auxilia B // 11. [id] F ut sit
F // 12. sint F coniungantur F filios quoque F // 13. id tribut'
um F [ex] F // 14. cipiant F,B imbecilles B suos B // 15. im-
becilles B
Et simul natura per hunc circuitum adimplet sempiternitatem ex quo
secundum numerum non potest at secundum speciem. Sic enim diuina pro-
uidentia utriusque natura ordinata est uiri scilicet & mulieris ad
societatem. Tendunt enim eorum omnia in idem utilitatis licet contra-
ria quaedam uideantur. Alterum enim robustissimum f ecit : alterum im-
becillius. Vt hoc quidem ob tiraorem cautius. Illud uero propter for-
titudinem pugnatius esset. Et alterum parat foris. Alterum parta domi
conseruat. Ad operis uero effectionem / alterum sedulitatem intra
limen agitiad externa uero peruacationem imbecillum. alterum ad seduli-
AretinuSjüber primus (cap.III)
- 2 -
25
tatem deterius est:ad motus autem ualentius. Circa prolem autem/gene ra-
tio quidem propria est. utilitas uero communis /Alt er ins enim nutrire
est:alterius erudire,
16. Simul autem & F // 19-^20. assumpta enim ea causa non vt ad ea-
d-^m omnia vtilera habeat virtutem,sed quaedam ad contratria,in idem
tarnen contendentia: F // 20. robust iorem F robustum B facit B ./.
alteram F // 21. imbecilliorera F haec F cautior F Ille F //
22. pugnacior F alter for alterum (1) altera for alterum (2) F //
23. altera F // 24. externam F B peruagationem F B imbecilla F
alter F quietem F // 25. deterior F motum F valentior F //
26. communis and propria reversod F.
Main text: Bartholomaeus of Sybaris ;Siena:S. Nicolai Nardi 1508
F = Faber* s edition;Paris :S.Colinaeus 1543
B = Bagolini's edition;Venice:G.Bindoni 1576
Leonard! Aretini praefatio in lihrum Oeconomicorum Aristotelis
ad Cosmara r/edicem.
Leonard! Aretin! in lihros oeconomicorum Aristotelis prologus,
F
ad '^osTinm medycem.
.1?
rretiosa sunt iriterdiim parvi corporis [munnscula]' quod lapilli
gemmaeciiie testantur iS: [Etj homines nonnunquara pusilli ^raridioribus
praevalent ,ut de tydeo (Tydeo) scribit Viomerus (Homerus)^. a q.uo
brevi 5: exi^uo thebanos (Thebano-) omnes certaminibus longe super-
TT r T "R*
atos fuisse tradit. Statins quoque homerum (iiomerum) credo [(eredö)J
sequutus (secutus; de eodern inquit ,Ma!or in exi^juo re^nabat corpore
virtus. Tu i^:itur Cosma dulcissime hoc quicquid est libelli ob pagine
(paginae) brevitatem nequaquarn despexeris Lspernfis] ,pusillum ^luidem
est at viribus amplum 6: pretio dignuin. Quod e^^o per has ferias e grae-
co interpretatus non irnmerito (ut mihi videor) tibi potissime {.potis-
simuinj ' destinavi. Cu! enim rectius de gubornatione exercitus prae-
cip! potest.quam ill! qu! exercitum habeat ? Cu! rursus de rei famili-
aris jubernatione quam ei qui rem amplam possidet & tueri illam cum
laude gliscit & augere cum dignitate ? L? laclrs in J
Licet ergo tu ipse v^y t^ multum sapias et a patre tuo viro sapien-
1 F B
tissirno qijotldip andir*^ pos^'.ife , Ist op ] opere (operae) ' praetiura (pre-
■r» Tj Tri
tium) » tamen erit,(lacks ) qui [quid ] de re familiari tradiderint
(tradiderunt ) excellentissima philosophorum ingenia cognovisse. Ut
enim medicinae finis est sanitas,ita rei famiiiaris divitias finem
esse constat. Sunt vero utiles divitiae,cum et ornaiiiento sint possi-
\F B
dentibus et ad virtutem exercendam suppeditant (suppeditent ) * facul-
tatem, Prosunt etiam natis qu! facilius per illas ad honores dighita-
tesque sublevantur IT am quorum virtutibus obstat res augusta dorn! haud
facile emergunt , ut poete (poetiie) nostr! dictat sententia, Quare cum
nostri [,] tum natoruni multo magis Charit ate [:] illarum amplifica-
tioni [(] quoad honeste possumus [)] studendum est.Qiioniam a philoso-
-,V TT
phis in bonis numerantur. L : ]'' & ad foelicitatem (felicitatem) pertin-
tF
f^re creduntur. Tu igitur harum praecepta rerum l:J in hoc libello
Aristotelis leges q_uem ego non solum transtnl! [Ego vero non solum
transtulil' (ut m.axime consonum esse putavi; ) [ »^"t maxime consonum esse
TT*
putav!,] Verum etiam. explanationem quandam obscurorum verborum adiunx;
[ . ] quo tibi legenti dilucidior esset .
Oeconoroicornm über primus a Leonardo Aretino in latinum
B
r-, -^1
conversus.
Oeconorr.icorTim Aristotelis reco.frnitore et explanatore lacobo
F
Fabro Stapulensi,libf»r primus,
Aristotelis Stagiritae ,Feripatnticorum principis ,Oeconomicorum.
N
Liber primus. Leonardo Aretino interprete.
F
Hes Familiaris Sc res publica (hesfamiliaris ,& respublica) inter
se differunt ,non soluni quantum domus & civitas [.lacks ,: ""][(] *
F F F 1'^
Haec enim sunt earurn subiecta. [) :)'] verum etiarn illo [,] ' quod
{ciuod)-^^' in republica üuidem [,]' plures irnperant,in re familiari
r "1 F F T*^
vero [ missingj unus duintaxat (duntaxat) *' est Imperator & rector.
F N iF N
Quaedam enim artes distin^untur (dist in£;;uuntur ) '".[,] ' Nee est
F n^
eiusdem fecisse,ae (go) facto uti [,J quemadmodum lyra & fistolae.
(fintulis) *'\ Sed rei publicae disciplinae est , [missin^] ' civita-
teinque (civitatem)" *' ab initio con-tituir>se,& constituta bene uti.
r vF
Itaque patet f^tiani esse rei f '-».miliaris (reifamiliaris ; ,par.''re domum,
& illa uti. [p1 Civitas quidem est multitudo domorum [,] '^ agro &
pecuniis (pecuni,;]s; ' ' sufficienter abundans .ad bene vivendura. Id autem
ex eo patet [ , ]^' ' quod (quod) ''' si confotes (compotes) ' herum
(huius) ' esse nequeunt ,societas soluitur. Insuper huius gratia in j
unum coeunt (conveniunt; , Cuius autem t;;ratia unumquodque est,& f uit ,
F '~'' F
& substantia ipsius (sua) haec existit. Itaque p -tet [,] priorem
esse [generatione] ' remfämiliarem [,] quam rempublicam. Nam & opus
r n F "^J \ F
illius sie LmissingJ »^ est. Pars (particula) enim civitatis est
domus (civitatis doraus est)'. Considera.ndum est [missing] igitur
de re familiari [,] *^\ öz [missing]*^ quid illius sit opus (quid sit
illius opus) '.
B
F
IT
Bartholomäeus Lornbardus ,Siena:N.Nardi 1508
Faber . (ed) ,Politica,Oeconomica. .Paris rS.Colinaeus 1543
Opera (ed.unknown) ,pars 5, Venice: Bindoni 1576
Leonard! Aretini praefatio
- 2 -
TT "R
Prirnum igitur illud praemittondum [,][;] duas philosophiae esse
partes.ciuarum altera in cognitione rerum.[,] * Altera in agendo ver-
', satur. Prima pars fere ad illa pert inet " [pert inet ad illa] [,] *
r -iF
quorum finis est ipsa cognitio. Activa vero L,J pracepta vitae con-
tin'^tjquae scire parura est ,nisi dedncas in actum. Ea vero praeceptä •
dividuntur trifariam F.l^ [ : ]^ aut [Aut 1 enim circa mores nos instru-
vmt. f,!"^ [ l"^^ Aut [ant] * circa rem familiärem. [ , ] [ ] Aut
[aut] ' circa rem publicam. Harum primam ethicam.L,J * Secundam
( secundam) ' oeconornicam (Oeconomicam) ,tertiam politicam Graeci
appelant [.]*"' Nos (ut opinor) [ ,ut opinor,] nostris vocabulis uti
magis decet [,] ' quam alienis.
nunc ad textimi Aristotelis veniamus.
1
F
B
= Bartholomaeus Lombardus ;3iena:N.Nardi 1508
= [Faber], In hoc libro content a. .Paris :S.Colinaeus 1543
= Baron, Leonardo Bruni Aretino, . .Berlin 1928
Greek ÜECONOMICA Manuscripts - Statistics
A« Total : 28
B« Dates of copies
1. Dates of individual copies
s. XIII
s. XIV
s. XV
s.XVI :
s. XVIIl!
unknown :
400 (Cambridge), 1785 (Vatican)
1190 (Naples), 1556 (Paris)
539, 554 (Florence), 772 (Leipzig), 866 (Madrid),
1191 (Naples), 1222, 1282 (Oxford), 1342, 1454,
1456, 1539, 1611 (Paris), 1849, 1942, 1996 (Vatican),
2101, 2114, 2158 (Venice).
657 (Harburg), 856 (London), 1087 (Moscow) ,1975 (Vati-
can)
387 (Bucarest)
1786
2. Dates of individual copies - years of penning
1457 (Venice), 1492 (Paris: 1342) , 1493 (Naples: 1191) , 1494
(Venice: 2158)
3. Dates of individual copies - totals
s. XIII :
s. XIV :
s. XVI : 4
s. XVIII:
s. XV
18
s 1
Greek OECONOMICA S± Manuscripts - Statistics
^^f^-; :
_-A. Total: 28
JB. Date of pennlng:
I
ß. IUI : 400 (Cambridge), 1785 (Vatican)
?• XIV ;. 1190 (jrapl«e),1556 (Paris)
s. IV: 539 (Plorence), 554 (ifeid)^ 772 (Iieipzig)
s.IVI: 657 (Harburg) ,856 (London) ,1087 (Moscow)
I. _ IVIII: 387 (Bucarest) '_ '_
unlaiown: 1786
s.IVI: 1975 (Vatican)
s. IV: 866 (Madrid), II9I (Naples,1493) , 1222
(Oxford,Bod.),1282 ( Oxford, Corp. Chr. )
1342 (Paris, 1492), 1454,1456.1539.1611 —
(Paris), 1849 (Vatican) ,1942,1996 (Vatican),
— . 2101 (Venice, 1457), 2114 (Venice) ,2158
(Venice ,1494)
1
1
^
Greek OECOKOMICA Manuscripts •* S tatist ics^
J.Date of penning: ^
B.XIII; 2
B.XIV: 2 ' '
(2)
Dated : 1457 (1), 1492 (1), 1493 (1)
1494 (1) ' _1
C» Locations:
Tt/^-v^
Bucarest: 1
England - Cambridge: x
London: 1
Oxford: 2 (Bodleian & Corp. Chr.)
>
^
ance - Paris: 6
t- Vw
'>/
Xtaiy - f lorence : 2
s: 2
^3
1
1
i'
'•;8
1
V:
■»'''••*•
ORKBS: OBOONCMIOA MAKUSCRIPSS
387
BuoaresttBiblloth^lque de l'AcadSi&le roumalne
cod,695 (286) e.XVIIl 300 fole. Chart. 8^ 1
f .92v-94vi ft»agm« ex Oaconomloa (also from KK and
Pol.)
400
539
Cambridge »üniverßity Library
cod. 1879 (Ii.v.44) e.XIII 147 fols. membr. 4**
f.l38v-147v (Also MM^SNtEE)
FlorencetBibliothÄque Laurentienne
ood.Iia\irent.IiKXI,5 ©«XV 77 fols. membr ♦ 4*
f.69v«-77v (Preoeded by Pol.libri 8)
-^
554
657
772
cod.Lourexit. XiXXII»21 s.XY 125 fol. membr. 4^ ^JI
f*113v-125vi Oec.libri II (Preceded by Pol.lib.8)
HarbtirgfBibliothlque du chateau '£
cod^olim Malhingen 634 (de la bibliothlque du prinoe
öttingejö-fallerßtein) s.XVI
f. ? t Oec, (l^eceded by Rbet. ,BH (mä followed by
PJbye. »Problem. ,Politica)
LeipzigfBibliothlque universitaire
cod. 24 (olim 1335) ߻XV 235 fols. Chart, k^
f*169 - I80v: Oec.libri II (Preoeded by BK,Pol. and
followed ^ Rhet. 1*111)
856
London, Bibliothltiue privfte de W.H.Robinson
codtOlim Philippe 3085 s.XVI 125 fols. Chart, fol.
f. ? « Oec» (Preoeded by BN» BB and followed by
opera Theophrasti)
Sourcet AjidT% War teile, Inventaire dee Manuscrits örece d'Arißtote et
de see Coimnentateurs* Pariej '*Leß Beiles LettreB** ,1963
The numbers next to the deecription© are Wartelle 's
serial numbers«
w
'4
Oreek OBCOfiOMICA Manuscrlpts
- 2 -•<
866
1087
1190
1191
■f^
fl-i'Ht^-^,'^
Madrid, Blbliothdque Kationale
cod* H 41 (4578) e.XT 97 folB. ohart* fol »minor.
f»l-9vt Ooc«llbri II (jfollowed by Pol^lakbri VIII)
Mo-^Kf-ftfl,, ^^
■N.
MoscowtMusÄe hlstorique,Bibliothiq.ue Synodale
cod. 451 (SAIXI) B^XVI 210 fole» Chart. 4^
f .205-210VJ Oec.libri II (JKreoeded by MM, Eustratii 1
: in M libarum priiaum coament., JSK I-IV, 1.7
cim MichaeliB Bphesii comment., ER libri VI-
VIII cum Kustratii coiaaaentt, Pol#libri I-V
et libri VIII et IX)
Naples,Biblioihdque Kationale
cod*324 (III^B*2) s#XIV 211 fol. nombr. 4<* parvo
f.l8>205vJ Oec.libri II (Preoeded by m)
cod. 325 (III*B»3) anno 1493 248 fols. chart. A^ parvo
f .225-2488 Oec.libri II (Breceded by Pol.)
1222
1282
-'v.,
Oxford, Bibliothlq.ue Bodl^ienne
cod.Bodl.Bar-occianus 70 ß#XV 398 fols» Chart. 4^ min»
f,58v-80v? Oec.libri II (Preceded by m and followed by
Phys»I-IV^ Bpist.Alexandri et Arietotelie, Ano-
nymi in de Anima librum priisum coznment,,de Anima
libri III cum soholiie)
Corpus Christi College
cod»112 e»XV 174 fole. Chart. fol. ^
f.88-94i Oec.libri II (Preceded by EH, MM, SS I-III,VII,
VV and followed by Pol.jBhet.ad Alex. ,epist,ad
Alex »et ad Olympiadem
",3^
■.1
(Jreek OBCOKOMICA M^inuscriptB
- 3 -
1342
1454
1456
1539
1556
1611
1785
Paris, Blbliothdque Kationale
ood*Par*gr#l857 anno 1492 261 folß, aembr« 8^
f.235-261v? OeCtUtei II (Preoeded by Pol.)
■''''
cod,Par.sr.2023 ©»ZV 323 fols» Chart* 8^ |
£♦308-3231 OeCtUbri II (Preceded by S»,Pol»,M«)
cod. Par.gr »2025 s.X? 164 fols. membr* 8^
f. 149-164: Oec.llbrl II (Preceded by Pol.)
cod. Par.gr. 2551 s.XV-XVI 203 fols. Chart. 8^
f. 93-103« Oec.llbrl II (Preceded by Pol. and followed
by Epist.ad Philippum,Alexandrumt01ympiadem et
theophraetum)
cod.Par.Coialinlanus 161 s.XIV 448 fole. Chart. 4^
f.220-225vJ Oec.libri II (Preceded by SEK, W and coxam.
by Saatrat lue, Michael of Bphesu6,Aspa8iu8 and
soholia,and Pol. and followed by Metapbye*
wlth cojBBJi« by Alexander AphrodieiaetSyriaaus
PhiloxehUB, Michael Bpheeius)
cod.Par.Suppl.gr. 652 e.XY 296 fols, Chart. 8^
f.265V-273t Oec.libri II (Preceded by Pol.)
Vatican Cite^ Biblioth^ViUe Yatic?ine
cod. Vat.gr. 1342 s.XIII 133 fole.
f. 125-133« Oec.libri IX (Preceded by BIf,SB libri 5>
1786
cod. Vat.gr. 1343
f.l34-149vJi Oec.
(Preceded by EK ^mä followed by W and
fragm.ex Pol. et Bthica)
1849
cod.Vat.gr. 2370 e^XV 230 fole. chart. 4^
f. ? t Oec. (Preceded by BK and Pol.)
-^*i»vi*
t
Greek OECOKOMICA Mfuiuacripte
- 4 -
1942
1975
1996
fc»-».ir.'tof„,(l,...
•■;-''■
Vatlcan Library
«rod* Vat.Pal» gr.l65 8*XV 157 fole. membr» 4
f»149-157J Oec.llbrl II (Preceded by JEK,BE and
cod. Vat.Reg, gr»l25 e.XVI 372^ fol8. Chart. Qr^
f,142-155v: Oec. (Preceded by IN, Pol. and followeä by
and EE libri 7)
cod^Vat.ürb. gr.46 b.XV 122 fole. membr« 8®
f.lllv-122vs Oec. libri II (Preoeded by Pol.)
2101
2114
2158
?enice,Biblioth^ciue Kationale de Saint Marc (Marciana)
cod.Mjarci^^inuB ^. Z 200 anno 1457 594 fole. membr.
fol« cum scholiis Oard«B0f8ar»
rioni©
f.491v-496v$ Oec. (Preoeded (after worke on Katur.Phil.)
by MM»i2B,EI? and followed by Pol., Bhet
Rhet AI., Poet»)
cod.Marcianus gr.Z 213 s»xv 278 fols. membr. 8^
f •136-172V1 Oec. (Preoeded by MM,jBK,EE and followed by
Pol* vrith correct.of Card.Besearion)
cod.Marci8jius gr*IVt3 B*xr (1494) 26y fols* cbart» 4^
f. 239^263« Oeo. (Preceded 1:^ Pol.)
<u- ■Au>''k:fa -•*'■ >'^^- -- > i
^'!>CC/VM,.l' ^It.»
V ■•'•LUJ.iiA^ t ■ LA i 1...I -4. «■--.«« 1 i!«*. ««►.VJüK' _ ^>^A (./ J ri.
. A'x ° ' ■■>tj. sAtiTrb^i. . z
~n
Nicolaus Scyllacius - ITSR
p. 24ü Genova,Biblioteca Civica Berio
11.6.32 tCassaforte) '
, o n-^ -f 1 M f> b ". -» n 9 r? rir '
-.^I-rtj- ;^'^ •■ If f. 135. üipigram entitledt
r-^. De legure (?) avicula extlncta
Nicolai Syllatii (i.e. Scyllacii;
Siculi.
p. 259
359
360
. • .
f.l35v. Nico(lei) Syculi
(i.e. Scyllacii) ad Hermoilaum)
Barba(riim),an epigram.
. •
Lucca,Biblioteca (iovernstiva
1415 cart.XV
f. 1-49. hermolaus Barbarus,
Epistolae. The letters are addres
sed to ...Scylacius ...
MilanOjBiblioteca Nszionale
Braidense
A H XII 18
Lancinus Cur t ins , epigram-
mata,lü books,include verses to
... xMic.Scyllatius Siculus ...
Mileno,Biblioteca Trivulziana
14u (Porro,p. 185-186)
... and Leo Tuscup,de in-
somniis,volg. by j^iicolao Scylla-
tio Sicolo,for isabella Visconti
Aragonea duchess© de Milano,
• '^^'^^-'^ ^^'^-^^ with sonni^s of the transla-
, jo. X, 5 .. tor,dated Pavia,1493
t- r
f>i:
• V • i. •
■•/.Cj" n-r^vot'
r • '
Jta, '.onj:;^
O c'i r ,
- "^ ■ • -TT^ i ';! ? ^ ^^ i: l .■• t ;j r' 3 ;r p i o r« <- j
... 3-tjl7ox yL:^l.l'i/)Z^r)L^. ...
"r^r
J<\'
q
x^icolaus Arcimboldus - ITER
^ p.ll9 Florence,irai5Tia\)echianus XIII. 28
\ntH ur^ n3,iut s.IVI in. P.C.Decembrius,pere-
ed^ oj -£-ifS grina historica,book i,to Nie.
,aK.c:,i.Ti: Arciitfboldus. ■"
p.2u4 Florence,Biblioteca Kiccardiana
</:ifr.;,r.- Xii-wuir g27 cart. JCV. ^'•'''^
-ttif-fter- »u ) trtr P. Candidas (Decembrius) letters
Aon?i 5 r.r.
t -
to and from j^ic.Arcem'boldus •••
P.2U5
p.tfbiO'*:r
834
nj'n ot
ri V
r;-jd j:^'
Letters to wAcodemus Tranchedinus
Among the senders: Nic.de Arcim-
boldis L!J (48v-49,158-158v)
s ^■
c' p.245 Genova,Jbiblioteca Universitaria
C VII 46 (Gaslini 49; .
» • • ■
, , r >^ T ^'©"tters of Decembrius to Nie.
-A.nf Arcemboldus.^^.,,r
f ■- ,- '-> ■
c^' p.297
X '.J ^ ■ .^ T ,
Milan, Biblioteca Ambrosiana
o! D 105 sup. 145b
, r ^ 1 : *' b I 's • • "^^ Ant • Raudensis , ad ÄUgenium papam
,1 r-O-^^, 1^1' in Laatantium dialogi tres,with
a letter to the author from wie.
Arcimboldus, and with notes of
the iatter
^••* jjranc.Philelphus,lyricum
.:>iVl o.t,i :iooö,£t^°^^^^d™5 letter to the
same (cf •Calderini,p,346,
no.23j.
p.321 D 112 Inf. (cf.Amelli 21ijp.42;
f. 2-27: Petr.Candidus (Decembri-
us; peregrina historia,in 3 book
r p.327
to wic.Arcimboidus
J 235 Inf . J - ■ ■' I
p.32i^
."» r r f
IJ
r -T
p.344
ii'etrus »BiÄDTter Candidus (Decem-
brius; letters ..•from ..among
. i others wic.Arcimboldus (43v-45)
ü 64 sup. "^
f. 133-136. rranc.Phileiphus,
lirici versus ad Nic.Arcimbol-
diun contra negantes Christiano-
rum fidem, followed by a letter
to the same (1449,cf .Calderlni,
Arch. stör. lom. 42, p. 340-341,
no.lO) t TO C ^
u'
y 42 sup.
Plus II,epistol8e seculares ••
(Inventory mentions letters) from
n'if;/ivi, ;r jjic.de Arclmboldls
Petrus de Roncionlbus - ITER
p. 130 Florence,Biblioteca Nazionale
Magliabechus VII 1095
Orations by various humenists,
among them Ser Petrus de Ron-
cionlbus (held in Pisa,f.l48v)
-Tf
i i
Bruni's OECONOMICA owned by .
k* Laymen t
!• Kings and courtiers:
Kings of Aragon (26, 176, 177, 178), Spanish Ambassador
Mendoza (155)
2. Nobilityt
Federico da Montefeltro,Duke of Urbino (215, 216, 217),
Farnese,Diikes of Parma since 1545 (112, 113, 114), Marquis
Gian Ludovico Pallavicini,lord of Cortemaggiore [d^pending
on the Sforzasj (107), Duchess Bona Maria Visconti (106)
3» Bankers (merchant princes) and Patricians
Medici (69, 71, 72), Scala (63), Sassetti (66), Bernardus de
Puccinis (73), Pucci family (84), Chigi (206), Loredan [Pie-
tro = father in law of Frf^ncesco BarbaroJ (144), Johan de
Guinancon, merchant at Siena [l458j (copy like 178) . *
4» Professionals:
Giovanni Amerino,doctor of civil end canon law,auditor of F.
Sforza (20), Nicolaus de Arcembaldis at Parma, doctor of civil|
and canon law,ducal auditor (105) - Grisus,Florentine notary
(32), Bolognese physician G.M. (123), Berchthold Kirsseman,
studied at Basel (182), mag.Joh.Gaudenheimer (186), Johannes
Franciscus,annualis advocatus, Venice (202)
5. Scholars :
Gianozzo Manetti (212), Marsilio Ficino (90), Angelo Polizi-
ano (79), Ser Piero Roncione (97, 121), N.Scyllacius (198)
Pi-^j t-wV^-t.
■7 ( '
1
Bruni's OECONOMICA owned by
- 2 -
B. Clerics
1. Popes : Nicholas V (192); Clement VII, former card.Giulio de*
Medici (70)
2. Cardinais: Nicolaus Ciisanus (48), Domenico Grimani [+ 1523]
(40,220)
3. Bishops: Francesco Piccolpassi (102) .Bishops of Trento (140),
Johannes Roth (222)
4. Canons: Paul Megk (49)
5. Cathedral libraries: Biblioteca Capitolare, Milan [Piccolpassi's
codex (102) after his death Ll46l]; Constance (51) ,Florence
(78)
»
6. Abbeys and convents:
(1) Dominicans: Regensburg (St.Blasius) (49), Bologna (59),
Barcelona (152), Piacenzia (161), Vienna (218)
(2) Benedictines: Melk (1), Piacenzia (15), Üttobeuren (50),
Florence (80, 86), Wiblingen (219)
(3) Carthusians: Basel (180, 182) [founded 1086]
(4) Augustinians: Milan (S.Maria Incoronata) (101)
(5) Cistercians:^7PobleT'(l62T Madrid [founded 1098]
(6) Premonstratians: Brüssels [Abbey du Parc-lez Louvain] (6)
[ Order founded c.llOO]
(7) Carmelite: Zürich (186) [White friars,1156j
(8) Franciscans: Florence (S.Croce) (76)
7. Commentators:
Guglielmo Bechi (Augustinian) MS. 1467
Pedro de Castrovol (Franciscan) MS. 1481; printed 1496 Pamplona
Gilbert Grab (Carmelite) printed after 1506 Paris
•*•
Bruni's OECONOMICA copied,coininentecl on and owned by
C« Scholatlcs
1. Copied
a. Anonymous: (211) Vat . Pal. lat. 1010, f.l56-163vt Book I with
commentary,booJc XI with commentary (in
margins. Title of b.I: Differentie ülcon
oniice et Politice.
b. Odon Charliar (42): i486 ( Version with par^face)|now ün.
c. Conrad Schraude (45)* 1507 ^' c
2« Conunented
a« Anonymous (50)t üttobeuren
b. Anonymous (150): Wroclaw,lJniversity - book II with comm.
c. Anonymous (46): Hamburg, 1515 V, books I and II with ver;^
elaborate commentary
d. Chr.Koscuzki (149): Poznan, books i and II with commentary
on b.I, 1518
3. Extracts = Excerpts
a. Bernardus Lublinius (148): 1505,disciple of Callimachus
4. Printed commentaries:
a. Versor
b. Gilbertus Grab: n.d. (after 1506 ?)
c. V/ellendorfer
d. Bruni Version in OPERA:
(1) Venice 1483: N.Vernia - ifledieval (GW 2337)
(2) Venice 1489: (Anonymous) « Bruni with conmenti?? ^339)
95-
(3) Venice 1496: (A^Nifo) - 11,2 (April 26,1496; Pruni
with comm. (GW 2340)
HiA . .^■■.. )M£i<f'Mlbk\.l .Ji '^ .. ^i -;-. .A.\li^':'.1i..^-
n
■ ■ y
.•;iv, <V I . , t '.:.*: sJ
Owners of mss.
•> 1 ■
^
v^
V
V
(/
V
i/
V
(1) Stift Melk 1491
I. ' ' ' ■
(6) Brüssels: Abbey de Parc
(7) Brüssels: Sir Frederick North, Comte de Guilford
(12) Cambridge: Nicolai de Doctiis Senensis 1452
(14) Holkham Hall: Boccaccio family of Rome
(15) Holkham Hall: Monastery of St. Benedict at Piacenza
(16) London: Collection of Thomas Arundel (1592-1646)
(20) Malvern: Giovanni Amerino,auditor of Francesco Sforza
written for him 1451
(25) Oxford: V.ritten c.l47o-80 at Florence (?); f. 5: 3/4 border
with coat of arms (unidentified by R.W.H.) in the
bottom margin
(28) Paris (Arsenal): Initials and borders in gold and colors;
On bottom of f. 1: coat of arms
(29) Paris (B.N.)? De Marinis 11,16-17 assumes that it was penned
in 1464; f.l [beginning of preface of Argyropulos*
Ferrante EthicsJ in medallion coat of arms of Ferdinand. The
cod. belonged to card.Gaillon in 1593 (flyleave) and
then to Henry IV •Mazzatinti,La Biblioteca. . ,p. 36-37,
no.56
(31) Paris: ..Andreas de Montelupono velocissimus scriptor scripsit|
(32) Paris: Belonged to^'Griso notario florentino** from whom it
was bought by Lodovicus de Pint; later (f.IIv:) L.
Gregorius Gyraldus Ferrariensis . G.nd further down
Dydaci Sancii et amico.
Paris: Belonged to card.Grimani (d.l523)
Kues: Belonged to card. Nicolaus Cusanus who bought in Bressa-
none (Brixen) in 1453
(49) Munich: Belonged to canon Paul Megk who gave it to Dominican
mS8Xi?ery ( St. Blasius ), Regensburg
V (40)
V (48)
V (50) Ottobeuren: Benediktinerabtei
■!<\
••< - N
f
OECONOI/iICA MSS. - INDEX
A, Preface
- 1 -
'*■ .-.
. w-ao» lö ^ Xr^'^vw;/
r K (
-X »i . -. -T
63, 87 (frag.), 136, 142, 185, 202 (frag.),
•■j-lO'. i '.if.
■ \ I
(XI
'\ o i
i
/'
•-. "■ -.
TJ..'.
.• .^
i ■■ ■ I
f «^ . • ■. . .1'
,T
< • . ,'
:} /
B.
Preface, Book I
( i^./'-
\
, ■-• v-i
2, 3, 5, 20, 24, 61, 140, 141, 187, (223)
>> A i
(0
\
\
\
/
y
\
C. Preface, "book I,resuine of book II
56,
\ /
A
\
D.
Preface, books I and II (Books I and II, preface); .
(1) Preface, books I and II \
1,4, 6,10, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16,19, 29, 37, 39, 41, 42^45,47
51, 52, 54,58, 59, 66, 67, 72, 73, 75, 76, 77,^78, 79, 80,
84, 85, 88, 89, 92, 93, 94, 95, 97, 98 (frag.) ^99, 101, 104,
105, 107, 112, 116, 117, 119, 120, 122, 125,1128, 129, 131, 132,
135 (frag.), 138, 142, 143, 144, 147,^51, 152, 153, 154, 155,
156, 157, 158, 159, 160 (frag.),a67, 168, 172, 174, 175, 176,
179,' 183, 189, 192, 193, 194,! 197, 200, 201, 207, 208, 212,215,
(221), (222), "^ ' V '/ : \ ^ ^r
(2) Books I and II, preface
191,
C
xmm . .3^;] AOi.^:''! '03'j
Owners of mss, (II)
v/
^y
<r
v/
/
V
V^
V
V-
^
V
51)
59)
63)
66)
68)
70)
71)
72)
73)
76)
78)
79)
80)
83)
84)
86)
90)
102)
Stuttgart: Belonged to Cathedral library of Constance .^
Bologna! From the convent of S.Domenico
Florence: From the collection of Bartolomeo Scala,scholar
from Ficino circle j /.ooc , i
Florence! From the collection of Francesco Sassetti,also
from Ficino circle; elegant copy with the emblem
l of the Sassetti family , .,, ,;
from af ter 1438
Florence: (Codex of Bruni's Aristotle translations) with
Greek notes on Economics
Florence: Belonged to Pope Clement VII, former card.Giulio
de' Medici
Florence: From the library of Piero de' Medici with his
coat of arms on f.l
Florence: From the Medici library
Florence: Belonged to Bernardus de Puccinis (Pucci family)
Florence: From the Santa Croce convent; on first page: ad
usum fratris Sebastiam de Bucellis,F,M.
Florence: From the Florence Cathedral [Edil. - Fl.Eccles.J
Florence: Originally owned by Agostino Nettucci,the text is
corrected by Angelo Poliziano; last owner Carlo
di Tomaso Strozzi,l670
Florence: From the Florence Benedictine Abbey,then in the
Strozzi collection
r- -> ■(
ti-t-
Florence: [M.Angeli = Angelo Poliziano ?] at end of Economic
Florence: From the Pucci family
Florence: Frem the Florence Bendictine Abbey
Florence: Owned by Marsilio Ficino
Milan : Belonged to card.Franciscus Pizzolpassus= Francesco
Piccolpassi ,archbishop of Milan since 1435 - Bru-
ni wrote him many letters (Epistolario,Mehus) and
also corresponded with him about the »»controversia
Alphonsixna" (Ep.X,24) and dedidated to him 1407
the Version of Demosthenep' Pro Ctesiphonfee.
A
OECONOMICA MSS. - INDEX
,/ ■^■--
E. Books I and II
{ *) Wl"*^ ^^^, g.^,,^ / U- ^ • .,- '-N V »^
43, 90, 113, 115, 149; 173, 196, 205,
- 2 -
» ,M.^
^«^«•■. *i,<.-..,T-...,..^
^>)
- F. Book II
C-.._ft» ^,
de)
'i
150 [with unid.cominen. J,
'^; :..
'*. f
•,"■•<• 1
■. "I
/
G. Preface,book I,coinmentary on book I
9,18, 38, 53, 62, 96, 99, 114, 204 (frag.),
S^
'■< \
o
fi^— Beek'^-Iirö©®ß*®^'^öa^i«« oß ba;tfe lx>ok«
v/
H.
Books I and II,coinmentary on book I
(frag.at end of commentary;followed by
166,%V£cant leaves which were prepared for continuation of com-
mentary^)
■ .'. j. >.'.fc-/,t'il^-.-.'-<^i./i>.. .A-VltV.. .1-1. . .^-«rtJt Lfc'JJi,*. . .^', . «Mft t. >k-
^I^^i^hov«
OECONOMICA MSS. - Original or earlier owners (III)
/
(108)
V
(109)
u-'
(112)
^
(113)
V
(114)
V^
(121)
•
(125)
t/
(140)
U
(141)
V'
(144)
\w
(147)
V
/
^
yy
y
V(«)
V / - V
152)
155)
159)
161)
162)
175)
176)
177)
178)
180)
*
182)
Modena: Biblioteca Estense
ModenaJ Biblioteca Estense
Naples! Farnese collection
Naples! Farnese collection
Naples: Farnese collection
Pisa: Ser Piero Roncione
Ravenna: Belonged to Bolognese physician Gregorio Malisardi|
(Mazzatinti)
Trento: Bishops of Trento (Biblioteca Vescovile)
Treviso: Coat of arms; Bruni*s Isagogicon written "by
Bernardo Bembo in 1453
Venice: From the collection of the Loredan family
Gdansk; Belonged to Giovanni Bernardino Bonifacio, Marchese
d*Oria (Naples) (1519-93 ?)
Barcelona: Belonged to the convent of San Jos^ (Domnican)
in Barcelona
El Escorial: Belonged to D.Diego Hurtado de Mendoza with
amrginal notes from his hand;Italian ms.,pre-
ceded by Politics penned in 1448
Madrid, B.N.: fuit D.Bachalarij Aluari de Miixena
Madrid, B.N,: From the Dominican convent of Piacenzia
Madrid, B.N.: Abbey of Popel (Populeti)
Toledo: Belonged to card.Zelada
Valencia: Belonged to Kings o: Aragon (De Marinis 11,27)
Valencia: Belonged to Kings of Aragon (De Marinis 11,17)
Valencia: Belonged to kings of Aragon, was aquired from
Florence through Filippo Strozzi in 1470
Basel: Belonged to Basel Kartause (Carthusian convent);
given it by a Johernes a Lapidare
Basel: Bought by Berchthold Kirsseman from Horw,matriculat-
ed at Basel University c.1471; later owned by Lud-
*- _ ^. . . .. 'L.,i,ii.ju;.. V.'.., _ 1 _ _ „'^»..if--. .\'<t".'*. ; , .,....;..,...■..'■... j.' ',:i... .iß
ptjy*,! njrxy.^ leTi-^ ^^'liM* Jiili^x OM..j<?)q ^% pitq-
] • }i^-
n "f:.
:lc 1:4:1
* V * I
1,1 i] \:q-
..At*!i;^'«:7.J Orrrh
Vat.lat. 2
? ^- . ; f ; -) Cl
t-
<■ •- - 1
;i.5 A
I . i" I i
\i .. t
.r*v' ■•« i>
i ..V
oCl.
j^
V ^' i-
•- •/
.,' j
Owners of mss. (IV)
/(()
sy
(182)
(186)
(188)
V (192)
V
(198)
(202)
^' (206)
^ (212)
y
i/
\/
(215)
(216)
(217)
(218)
(219)
(220)
(222)
ctd. (Basel): wig Moser from Zürich, protonotarius and later
Carthusian monk
Zürich: Owned by a magist er Joh.Gaudenheimer; given to
Carmelite convent on Zurichberg
L.Angeles! From the collection of the French noble fsmily
Gerente
Vatican: Belonged to Nicholas V (1447-1451) ,particularly
in moral philosophy (Studies,338 n.4) ,Tifernate
translated for him Eudemian Ethics (Studies, 341,
n. ),himself humanist (Augustine letters, Studies,
365), in his youth cateloruf:d the librr.ry of Cosi-
mo de» Medici (Studies, 573, n. 58)
Gar in, 19
Vatican: Belonged to N.Scyllacius who bought it at Messina
Vatican: Belonged to Johannes Franciscus,annualis advoca-
tus at Venice
Vatican: Chigi
Vatican: Belonged to Gianozzo Manetti,translator of Magna
Moralia and Ethica Eudemia,dedicated to Alfonso
of Naples,8lso close to Nicolas V whose life he
described (Garin, 17-18)
trV-^■^::■.^:^ A^^ ^'-^J^., '^JJ^ , >-wiu ^-^ VU4v'
-^
Vatican: ürbinates
Vatican: Ürbinates
Vatican: Ürbinates
Vienna: Dominican convent
Wiblingen: Benedictine convent
Venice: Grimani codex ?
Munich: Belonged to bishop Johannes Roth of Breslau (with
his coat of arms) who gave the codex to monastery
in Wendingen in 1500
- -:>V;.iMi'-' ■• - ' !^-::ti.- ..:.-)^''; .fe.L^ ■ ■■m- »^■. ILÜtjU..^. J... • -<'/Al>A'.V
_ 'jaZsikfia
.•3.^';
;fxi.-^-' ' .
J t/V-vX/^-<V _ ' ^^^KAÄ^/l-J ^^*Vv(-• -\ i ^^^ 4<-vvt^_
r.
iiO
jih^-k-C^si^ AAl.^^^ A M^>1^ ^A-vW^A: Av-Av4-^ ^Vvl 'W-w-. (k^ tAw. <X*n.
JU, ij^ti^ f-i/tt^ K» t«^i J::iiAi^-\v»j>-,4-j.-K^e*j
« I I » I ».-
1*-
(
• ^'" -' ' - ■ r T-
'--" ■- ■"--• '
- -^^^^ .^.-ifL^u*.^^.^.M.f^-,.-t . ^o^, ^. ■^■^- ■-- , ^. ,., f^,
-> '.^lA^
OECONOMICA Version together with pseudo -Bernard epistle
and Francesco BarbarOyDe re uxorla
.. 'i'
(1) Recensio Durand! with pseudo -Bernard Vat.ürb,lat.l392
(1441 «Sb 1446)
(2) Bruni Version with i
(a) pseudo-Bernard! (142^ Venice, B. N.M. ,2.1. 491,preceding
Bruni j 49s Munich,B.St. Clm 13 572 (before 1477) ,following
Bruni; 140: Trento,B.C.,Vindob.lat.3191,f .151-155? Episto-
la S.Bernardi - following Bruni 's version;
. ' vf:-
> ' '-»'f 4
•• «
(b) Barbaro,De re uxoria: (38: BN lat.ll 138,written by
Bartholomaeus cersolus,May 31,1471; 115? Naples,B.N.,
XIV E 26 - Bruni *s Economics preceded by Barbaro's De'
re uxoria (Precepta yconomica ex suo libro de re uxoria
breviter tracta);
(c) S.Hieronymi epistola ad Ruf inua ne ducat uxorem (41s BN
Nouv.acq.lat. 650 [Ficino]); (187? Newberry Librery MS.
78.1, f. 79r? Hieronimi presbiteri dictum? Inc. Ad Titum
Liviiim lacteo eloquentie ,. following Economics)
Persons to be thanked for help in OECONÜMICA check-list
/ Melk
Dr.Reginald
</
Vienna
DDr. Franz Unterkircher
(Oesterreichische National-
bibliothek)
Brüssels
V Prague
Dr.Francois Masai (Bibliotheque Royale de Belgique)
Mr .Vladimir Zavodsky (Pamatnik narodniho pisemnictvl
Strahovska knihovna)
Cambridge
Dr.R.C.Smail (Fellow,Sidney Sussex College)
Mr.H.V.Pink (Under-Libr?-risn,University Library)
Holkham Hall Dr. W.O. Hassall (Bodlej^n Library, üyfora)
London
!^r(l^_S>^M^ (Deputy Keeper of Western Manuscripts,
British Mureiuc)
Oxford
Paris
': :
r n
Sir R.W.Hunt (Keeper of Western Manuscripts, Bodle^an
Library)
Dr. V/.O. Hassall (Bodle^'^an Library)
A.B.Scott (Assistant, Bodle,t an Library)
Mlle.Ji.Vielliard (Institut de Recherche et d*Histoire
des Textes, Paris) Directrice
t^ MadeiBQ.iselle.J3ayle (Collaboratr.ice of Mlle.Vielliard)
C J prti ;Miie. Marie-Therese d'Alverny (Conservateur aux
Manuscrits, Bibliotheque Nationale)
'^ Berlin
Dr. Hans Luelfing (Direktor der Handf^chrif ten- und
Inkunabel-Abt eilung, Deut sehe Staatsbibliothek)
Dr.H.Hornung (Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen - Depot
der Deutf^chen Staatsbibliothek)
r ' • . ^ -■« ^« 4A n . » -V -Tk V 9.1
Persons helpful in OECONOMICA check-list
- 2 -
y
FreilDurg i.Br.
Dr. Hennig (Direktor der Handschriftenabteilung,
Universitätsbibliothek)
Karlsruhe
? Kern
(for Dr. Franz Schmitt »Direktor der Badi-
sehen Landesbibliothek)
Munich
Dr. W. Hörmann (Direktor der Handschriften-Abteilung,
Bayerische Staatsbibliothek)
Ottobeuren
Pater Aegidius Kolb,OSB (Archivar, Benediktiner
Abtei)
^ Stuttgart
Dr. Manfred Müller (i.A. (Dr. Wilhelm Hoff mann, Direk-|
tor) Württtembergifrche Landesbibliothek)
Dr.Wolfgsng Irtenktuf (Handschriftenabteilung i.A.)
\
J
Wolfenbüttel '\ Dr.Butzmann (Herzog August Bibliothek)
\«kg^ . \ ^-^ Leiden
^ K.A.de Ibeyier (?) (Department of Manuscripts,
Universiteitsbibliothek)
■^ Arezzo
Signorina Bianca Toschi (Biblioteca della Citta'
di Arezzo Consozio)
*,^*^....,v,■*I•^*».w■■l.#■*«^«f/,r
,ii*.-..,V.f,X«-"."V"
P r o^f « LeBor i& ßtek-el-s
^ Brescia
Dott.Ugo Baroncelli (Direttore, Biblioteca Civica
Querinirna)
Florence
Dott.Irma LIerolle Tondi (II Direttore, Biblioteca
Medicea-Laurenzisna)
Dott. Alberto Giraldi (II Direttore, Biblioteca
Nazionale Centrale)
Dott.Berta Maracchi (II Direttore, Biblioteca
Riccardiana)
r
Persons helpful in OECONOIvIICA check-list
- 3 -
^ Lucca
Dott .Domenico Corsi (II Direttore,Archivio di State,
Lucca)
Dott.Marta Friggeri (II Direttore,Biblioteca Governa-
tiva di Lucca)
Mac er ata
Dr. Hermann M.Goldbrumier (Deutsches Historisches In-
st itut,Rome)
v/
Mantova
Dott.ITbrldo Meroni (II Direttore,Biblioteca Comunale
di Mantova)
Milan
Mo de na
Dott.Angelo Paredi (Biblioteca Ambrosiana)
\ Puliatty (?) (II Direttore, Biblioteca Estense)
*' Naples
Dott.Guerriera Guerrieri (La Direttrice, Biblioteca
Nazionale)
Padova
Prof.Don Ireneo Daniele (II Bibliotecario, Biblioteca
del Seminario Vescovile)
Palermo
Dott. Giovanni Siraonato (II Direttore, Biblioteca
Nazionale)
'rü^^^ ' \ <- Parma
^
A.Ciarella (?) (II Direttore, Biblioteca Palatina
di Parma)
»/
Perugia
Dott. Olga Iilarinelli (La Bibliotecaria, Biblioteca
Comunale)
Ravenna
Dott. Giuseppe Cortesi (II Reggente, Biblioteca Glassen-|
se)
Rome
^ Dott.Lucilla Ivlariani (II Direttore, Biblioteca Angelica|
v Dott. Biaga Mosulli (La Bibliotecaria, Biblioteca
Angelica)
^ Dott. P. Fontana (II Direttore, Biblioteca Casanatense)
V Dott. Olga Pinto (Centro Nazionale di Informazioni
Bibliografiche, Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale
Vittorio Emanuele II)
Persons helpful in OECONOMICA check-list
- 4 -
^' Rovereto
Sig. Valentine Chiocchetti (II Direttore,BilDlioteca
Civica)
Rovigo
Prof. Alberto Broglio (II Direttore,Biblioteca dell*
Academia dei Concordi)
^ Siena
Dott.Gino Garosi (II Direttore,Biblioteca Comunale
degli Intronati)
■^ Torino
Prof .M.Bersano Begey (La sopraintendente,Biblioteca
Reale)
Trento
Prof .Adolf Getto (II Direttore,Biblioteca Comunale)
^
,.C:M-ur^-
Treviso "!" Sig.R.Zampogne (?) (II Direttore,Biblioteca Comunale)
Venice
Signora E.Ravalli Modoni (La Bibliotecaria,Biblioteca
Nazionale Marciana)
V Viterbo
Dott.Attilio Carosi (II Direttore,Biblioteca Provinci-
ale "A.Anselmi**) for Biblioteca Capitolare
^ Gdansk 1 '1 Doc.Dr.Marian Pelczar (Director, Biblioteca Gdanska PAN)
J
Poznan
Rev. Canon & Prof .Dr .Joseph Nowacki (Director,Archivimi
Archidiecez j alne )
hh-^ A ^ Wroclaw
^, Wlr.M.Burlisne (?) (Director, Biblioteka Uniwersytecka)
" Madrid I ~i Rev.Dr.Jos<^ Lopez de Toro (Subdirector, Biblioteca
Nacional)
V Salamanca
Rev. Prof .Florencio Marcos (Universidad de Salamanca)
Basel
T >
Dr. Max Burckhardt (Konservetor der Handschriften,
öffentliche Bibliothek der Universität)
^ Chicago
"^ Dr. Hans Baron (BibliogrEpher,The Newberry Library)
Persons helpful in OECONOMICA check-list
- 5 -
\.f
Los Angeles Mr.Wallace Nethery (Librarian,Hoose Library of Philoso<
phy,University of Southern California)
Vatican City!: 1 Monsignor Jos^ Ruysschaert (Scriptor at the Vatican
Library)
V Dr. Charles J.Ermatinger (Vatican Microfilm Librarian,
Saint Louis üniversity Library)
Special thanks
Dr.Max Burckhardt (Öffentliche Bibliothek der Universität, Basel)
c
Dr.W.O.Hassall (Bodle^an Library)
ß^ R.W.Hunt (Bodleyan Library)
Rev.Dr.Jose Lopez de Toro (Biblioteca Nacional, Madrid)
Doc.Dr.Marian Pelczar (Biblioteka Gdanska PAN)
Monsignor Jos6 Ruysschaert (Scriptor at the Vatican Library)
Do tt. Irma Merolle Tondi (Biblioteca Medicea-Laurenziana,Florence)
-^Xle Jeanne Vielliard (Institut de Recherches et d'Histoire des Textes,
Paris)
Bruni's OECONOMICA mss. - Scribes
C
I.V.
(
•'^'^CAI^
v«p_Xv
(/
(
S 2 ' Schlaegl! Johannes von Rabenstein
S 7 i Brüssels! Dominicus Carrolus, June 29 f 1458
S 10"^ Cambridges Panigallius Jacobus - see W.Blimt
S 20 V Malvemt Gaspar Gar imb er to, Milan, May 27,1451 ,
}
S 22" Oxford: Johannes Pottere, February 14,1456 of Ztiricsee,
S 26 V Oxford: Johannes de Manasseis de Interainna,Florence, 1425-26
S 31*^ Paris: Andreas de Monte lupono
S 41 Paris: Marsilio Ficino, (1452-54 ?)
S 42 Paris: Odon Charlier [CarlierJ ,1486
's 45 ^ Freiburg i.Br.: Conrad Schraude von Allenspach, Sept. 18, 1507
S 51^ Stuttgart: Michael (cristan ?),1469
S 62 ^ Brescia: Bartolomeus de Ganasonibus, September 18,1439
S 69' Florence: Antonio di Mario,
S 90 V Florence: Marsilio Ficino, May 1455
S 114- Naples: Andreas de Arnoldis de FlorentiE,Jun4 1421
^•'- ^S 128 Rome: F.M.B, [F=f rater, left out in preceding ms.J,Bruges,
August 26,1465
S 144/ Venice: lacobinus Sangallus of Bergamo
t*^ <4 S 149 "Poznan: Christophorus Koszucici,1518
S 153 Cordoba: Antonio de Morales, November 11,1464
S 167 - Salamanca: Antonius de Librixa (Lebri.1a),146l
S 179 ^Zaragoza: A.Ludovici [an Italian scribej
S 198 V Vatican: Franciscus Beninus Nicolaj f ilius de Redolf inij ,
May 25,1425; bought from him in Messina by K.
Scyllacius
S 205 Vatican: barolj transcripsi,1474
S 208 ^ Vatican: Giovanni Pietro Paolo of Ancona,completed codex
! March 7,1442 (therefore this ms. c.1440)
/^C '^~-^~S~l 48 Krakow: Bernardus Lublinius,1505 j
( )
t
Bruni*s OECONOMICA mss. - Scribes '
S 38 i Paris: Bartholomeus cersolus,1471 iMay 31,1471]
O
(
I
^ ^ ^
xsmi - »arM AOtiÄOiioDao
»ir,(,.
(^1
er)
Dominicus Carrolus (7:1458)
1 iLoüd vto VyiÄ^rt. ......aO-..*^
Panigallius Jacobus (10)
Gaspar Gar imb er to, Milan (20: 1451)
Johannes Pottere of Ziiricse,Rome (22: 1456)
i' .c^
PC?
(H)
Johannes de Manasseis de Interamna,Florence (26: 1425-26)
Mdxeas de Montelupono (31)
Andreas de Arnoldis,Florence (114: 1421) > -t.^: -. ^7
lacobintis San^allus of Bergamo (144)
A.Ludovici (179)
_ _^ _ . - .... . , >.___. j. '-
Franciscus Beninus Nicolaj fllius de Redolfini (198: 1425)
Bartholomäus Cersolus (38: 1471)
rj N (
•• r
')X.s^\f 'ir, ;^ü ^:t.f 3 0'(rr}'^'^ .-:'■> ^ ::.■:.
n
(cj Marsilio Ficino (41: 1452-54 ?); (90: 1455)
ly\ Bartolomeus de Ganasonibus (62: 1439)
- V ^ !■
vC
\)
Giovanni Pietro Paolo of Ancona,disciple of Ciriaco of Ancona
(208: before 1442)
., ^ >
r ■'■
a~
p • ' -ij- ,. * \ ^ \
(}
>-^.
Antonio de Lebrija (167:1461) ■-
Antonio de Morales (153: 1464)
'•> i p '
^»!
i. .,i .1
^ _. ■ .1. .i. .A. '^. l
'n A i
*"^>rv'v«-i
.^,/ f t .» r r
.1 ^
t/'UvvVi
1 tirvA'«"
Johannes von Rabenstein (2)
Odon Charlier [CarlierJ (42:1486)
Conrad Schraude von Allenspach [Freiburg] (45: l^oj)
Michael Cristan (?) ,Constance (51: 1469) '•^^O'^ . > r/ro.
F.M.B.,Bruges (128: 1465)
'S,
'. 1
*\M'
.(O.TOO'li'
Christophorus Koszuki of Poznan (149: 1518)
Bernardus Lublinius,disciple of Filippo Buonaccorsi di S.Gemignano
(called Callimachus; 1437-96) (148:1505)
OECONOMICA M5S. - INDEX
- 5 -
^■^ ■.■CopiTnentAry^^on- haok - 1
»/
T?. Commentaries on both books
25, 40, 121 (sl.frag.),
(^Iv^^IrV^ ??.i.:I^Tiar^ aaoxnLnoa '■••
^ tlii ^ '1 lyi
^ :r X •• ' , 5 ,fi j: 'iBi ) T ß .j fj i^O
d'''^' :^':;;) ^'^^^i'TN "J.o 3T^^?^To'j •33aiT.sdol
c-.p^-^ ;■
( .l"-. 'i o.nf o 'xxr r <? t n n,v, -^b fi,f» . ^ y;|>0^.
{?. Excerpts from books I and II ^ --- ^^^ ^^'-•^-^ ^^^ ■^vTjt/r.A
148,
f •' .
'■ :;■•.•'' '■'■"' 1'^ ^:J^ I^-g^nt^r.
»■x(fO;>f:^i
T# Books I and II,interspersed in commentaries byother author«
^i 50,
♦ ''. ,.
> ^*ono !.•: t .'■.^::f>{l
w
1^. ünknown composition of text
(220), •
XP,f;
Juv-
KRAKOW, Biblioteka Polskiej Akademii Nauk
212 fols.
1717 Chart, misc« 1505 Collection of excerpts mostly
from Plato and Ficino,written by Bernardus Lublinius
a disciple of Filippo Buonaccorsi di S.Geinignano,cal-
led Callimachus (1437-96)
f .199v-202v: Excerpts from books I and II
'■ r|
Ix ißü.' nooü
Sources: Jan Czubek, Katalog Rekopisow Akademii ümie.jetnosci w Kra-
kowie. Dodatek (Supplement) I. Cracow,1912, p.28 (does not list the
Economics text); P.O.K. ,Finding List; Microfilm
■ . r^-t'i"
> •'■
V
Scribes ^^
1. Professional ^^^^ ,, -.r^i.^.of lol Ä>^ii%^re^j;.ir.O (D
a« Italy: Antonio dl Mario (69); t*i:> c*'^ ,?f:
-^^^
UV'. -'^
r S ..
Coples wrltten outslde Italy
(1) Austria
(45)^ermany (Schraude,1507)
(46) Germany (1515 ?)
(49) Germany (Regensturg) '^'^^
(50) Germany (Ottobeuren ?)
(51) Germany (Constance 1469)
; ; ■ • ; "
(128
-. -j)
3tx/\,r .i
i^ j. :i
^ (148
> (149
^ (150
(162
V (165
i (167
' (169
^ (155
(186
(ia9
Belgium (Briiges: F.M.B,,1465) ..„,.,. .. .-,
'' ?oland (Bernard Lublinius^dlscof Callimachus,1505)
Pol and (Poznan nobleman Chr«Koszukl,1518)
Germany (Wroclaw! < • ' ;
Italy, bnt in Louvain,then in Spain (Popel)
poss» Spain i : ^-
Spain (Lebrixa: 1461)
r *
Spain (Gundisalcus de Oviedo)
Spain (Morales: 1464)
Switzerland (Zürich 1464)
J'rÄaoe.>..(^. 1430 fjaow- L m Axtgel • ) ,> r^ < ^ ,^ o.
-Hl
r V
,t<> '"'> '" '^''^^
**rU^
([219]) Switzerland (Basel, before 1432)
l5 or fo outslde Italy " ' ^"^ -i^^--^^r.
y
.V
Spain 4 (earliest 1461) also note 169 (Gundisalvus)
Ge
:rmany 6 (earliest 1469) -- ^-v..-.^^ J-^-> «k^4 , tV^^|^^ ii^j
Poland 2 (earliest l$05,then 1518)
^is . 'A'V ^»^V *' l4* •"'t'
\^
Belgium 1 (Bruges 1465 - Itallan in B.now Sp.)
&
Switzerland (before 1432,1464)
- 4 -
OECONOMICA MSS . - INDEX
Jd. Preface,book I,coinmentary on book I^book II,cominentary on book III
(1) Commentaries following the books ''^•^^'^'^-*^^^
35, 65 (frag.), 69, 81, 134 (frag.), 198,
.i
7 (-^^
vi*?:.. r/^?"^ -(.' .T.■*tti•y^^ cSrJO^
■'.'i
.•. ^
(2) Commentaries written in the margins
26, 211
-- •-! .:- ■■■: ■-* r
j /
• l V ^)
• •? )
%/
V^'\
„.--.^. (f3T Preface,book I,commentary on book I; cqmm^entary,„an,^bo
126 [leaverbetwew^^^^ alsoft.(l).
P.. Preface, books I and II, commentaries on both books
(1) /tee ab6ve order " ' '
ok II
J ["^
7, 8,12,17,22, 23 (frag.), 27, 28,30, 32, 33, 34, 44, MS,
[68]
j
'I \ '.\ :
; r.-! r \
■c
49, 55, 56, 60, /Tö, 71, 74, 82 (frag.), 83, 86, [103, 106,
108, 109, 110, 111, 123, 124, 127, 130, 133, 137,]l39, 145,
[146], 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 169, 170, 171,^177, 180, 181, 182,
r.
184, 186, 188,189, 195,199, 206, 209,' 210, 213, 214, 216, 217
,_(219 ?)
(2) Commentaries on both books; preface, books I and II
31, 57, 64, 91, 118,"
6 m/
Tiri
/^r.
(-3^Prefaoe, books 1 -and^ IlyCommentarXes on bo^h books - in maxgins
2E^ Numerais in ( ) indicate mss. lost or not located
/no v>Nximerals in [ ] indicate that the ms.,if completed,
— > C. ■■' ._. ■ .,•
would belong in this category; the
.„ . .1 ms. is listed in its present form
elsewhere
0-rf3)"'~?^ "" PrefT-cejbook I^comment^ry on book Xj -commentary oi^ book II
>
Notes, part IV - Corrected
11
The Toulouse print is not simply a copy of the Economics
commentary by Albert of Saxony, It is the edition by an un-
known author of a medieval scholastic commentary combined
with a humanistic Latin version of the text on which it is
based. The combination posed no problem to the editor, since
Albert made no reference to the wording of the text. Wherever
he deals with an issue raised in it, he paraphrases the re-
spective passage. - Albert taught at the university at Paris
in the middle of the 14th Century; in 1353 he became rector of
that university and he remained there until 1365 when he was
called to Vienna to head the recently founded university. In
the same year he was appointed bishop of Halberstadt. While
at Paris he taught logic. He is best known for his works in
this field in which he followed Ockham and in natural philoso-
phy. Some of his commentaries on Aristotle's writings on logic
and natural philosophy were frequently copied until the late
iSth Century and printed in the early 16th Century. He also
interpreted Aristotelian v;orks on moral philosophy but not in
courses at the university. A result of lectures which he gave
his students at home was his commentary on the Nicomachean
Ethics which, although widely copied by hand, was not printed
and the commentary on the Economics . Georg Heidingsfelder,
Albert von Sachsen. Sein Lebensgang und sein Kommentar zur
Nikomachischen Ethik des Aristoteles. Beitraege zur Geschieh »
te der Philosophie des Mittelalters , vol. XXII, 3-4 (Münster,
1921), 65 presumes that the Economics commentary was written
Notes, part IV - no.ll (continued) - 2 -
\
between and • It reflects the thinking of the
logician Albert. Whf.'t Albert was aiming at was to demon-
strate and make comprehensible the manner in v/hich the au-
thor of the Economlcs presented his ideas concerning the
administration of family affairs and the relation between
husband and wife. With this purpose in mind, Albert par-
titioned each of the books into chapters, each dealing with
a particular aspect in domestic relationships, and then he
subdivided the chapters into smaller portions in which ei-
ther the reasons (rationes) in support of the thesis of the
chapter are enumerated, or related thoughts (correlaria)
are expounded, or illustrations (documenta) are supplied
to illuminate the conclusions arrived at by abstract reason-
ing. In essence, the commentary by Albert is an investiga-
tion into the logical structure of the pseudo-Aristotelian
work. - The transmission of the text of the conjnentary in
mss« is not satisfactory; Heidingsfelder showed on hand of
the few copies in the Amplonian collection at Erfurt and in
the Tiniversity library at l^eipzig which he inspected that
there is no uniformity even in the beginning and ending words.
In Order to iinderstand the editorial work in the Toulouse
print I compared a microfilm of the copy in the University
Library at Grenoble, the only one known to exist, with a
microfilm of a late 15th Century ms. of the commentary by
Albert of Saxony copied together with the Durand version of
the Economics on which it is based in the cod. C.14«b [Wein-
garten K.55],f .237r-268r in the Hessische Landesbibliothek
Notes, part IV - no.ll (continued) - 3 -
at Fulda. The codex belonged in the 17th Century (I63O)
to the Svabian Benedictine convent Weingarten which at
that time was active in Aristotle studies (the same con-
vent acquired the ms. of the Bruni version of the Econ-
omics (51) from the Cathedral Library at Constance; see
pp. 26 and 38); it is described by Karl Loeffler, 'Die
Handschriften des Klosters Weingarten', Centralblatt für
Bibliothekswesen , Beiheft 41 (1912), 133 and it is now
listed in Aristoteles Latinus , I, 678 as item no. 926.
The comparison shov.ed that the editor of the Toulouse
print followed Albert's analysis of the structure of the
Econoroics , that he divided the Bruni version into portions
corresponding roughly although not exactly to the ones of
the Durand translation in the Fulda ms. and that he had
each portion followed by the respective part of the com-
mentary. But he took so much liberty in expanding and
paraphrasing the terse comments and notations by Albert
and successively more 50,. ■
/that it becomes increasingly harder to recognize the orig-
inal. Furthermore, he added to each portion of the com-
mentary a short exposition (expositio) of little original-
ity and merit, probably written by himself . - Could this
commentary possibly be ascribed to another medieval author
or to Dionigi dei Roberti as is being done in the title of
the Toulouse print ? I compared the microfilm of the lat-
ter with the microfilm of a copy of the supposed Sconomics
commentary by St. Albert the Great in cod. 7804,f .119-135v
of the Biblioteca Nacional at Madrid, penned possibly in
France in the 15th Century by a fine hand. What intrigued
- 4 -
Notes, part IV - no.ll (continued)
me about this copy is the fact that it follows the ms. of
the annotated Economics Version by Bruni (161) • It is now
edited with corrections from another copy in cod.2-M4 in
the Biblioteca del Palacio Nacional (formerly Palacio Real)
at Madrid by Fr.Vicente Beitran de Heredia in 'Comentarios "
/ /
de San Alberto Magno a los Economicos de Aristoteles', La
Ciencia Tomista , vol. 46 (Salamanca,1932) , 299-329. It tum-
ed out that it is identical with the conimentary by Albert
of Saxony in the Fulda ms. Martin Grabmann v/ho has seen the
Madrid
t
"'{. ] '■"
ms. doubted that St .Albert wrote a commentary on the
Economics ; see his 'Mittelalterliche lateinische Aristote-
lesüberset Zungen und Aristoteleskommentare in Handschriften
spanischer Bibliotheken*. Sitzungsberichte der Bayerischen
Akademie der Wissenschaften . Philos.-philol. Klass (1928),
42. A. De Poorter, Catalogue des Manuscrits de la Biblio -
thfeque de la Ville de Bruges . Catalogue G^n^ral des Manu-
scrits des Bibliotheques de Belginue. II (1934), 577 de-
scribes a 14th Century copy of the commentary by Albert of
Saxony, but not identified as such by the scribe, in cod.
496, f .262-266 and refutes, with reference to the article by
Fr.Vicente Beitran de Heredia, the ascription of it to St.
Albert. While a confusion of Albert of Saxony with St. Al-
bert the Great is an understandable mistake, it is less ob-
vious why the commentary in the Toulouse edition should be
assigned to Dionigi dei Roberti. With the exception of Per-
ini, I.e. II (Florence, 1931), 26-28 who included on the strenght
of the Toulouse print the Economics commentary among the
Notes, part IV - no.ll (continued)
writings by Dionigi, no other student of the life and
works of Dionigi mentions it. Dionigi taught at the
University of Paris already before he received his mas-
ter's degree (1323 or 1324) and in connection with his
teaching he wrote a series of commentaries on ancient
authors, among them Vergil, Ovid and Seneca. His most
famous commentary is the one on Valerius Maximus copied
frequently in the 14th and 15th centuries. He is report-
ed to have also written commentaries on the Aristotelian
Politics and Poetics . J .A.Fabricius, I.e., 281 cites the
Chronicles by the German Augustinian Johannes Schiphower
as his source for the notion that Dionigi authored Aris-
totle commentaries. Walter Goetz, Koeni^ Robert von Ne -
apel (1309-1343) * Seine Persoenlichkeit und sein Ver »
haeltnis zum Humanismus . (Tübingen, 1910 ), 39; Marjorie
A. Berlincourt, The Commentary on Valerius Maximus by
Dionysius de Burgo Sancti Sepulchri and its Influence
upon later Commentaries (Yale dissertation,1954, type-
script),6 and Rudolph Arbesmann, O.S.A. ,*Der Augusti-
nereremitenorden lind der Beginn der humanistischen Bewe-
gung', Augustiniana , XIV (Louvain,1964) ,fasc.l-2, p.264
[reprinted in Cassiciacum , vol. 19 (Würzburg, 1965) t 23]
accept this notion although no copies of the two cited
Aristotle commentaries by Dionigi have tumed up thus
far. Thus, no authentic or contemporary report about
the writings of Dionigi alludes to a commentary on the
Economic s.
- 5 -
Manetti mss.
w*>.
r\
Luisa Banti in Annali della S.Scuola Korm?ile Superiore
di Pisa. Lettere ,Storia e Pilosofia. Ser.II,vol,
VIII (lq^9), 382-94
Studi in onore di Ugo Enrico Paoli (Plorence,1955) ,
pp. 61-70
Jtulik^
-ltl»"l*-l lll'l«
ra^iMilTin-itllT OTMiin I ir il I
>.-■»-, ^—^.a—jj..
(Addendxim to MSS, of Bruni's Version, i960)
168
IfiJiJ'il'UA.J;; ,:u:
Bruni mss. - Additions after June 1966 - 2 -
Spain
SEGOVIA, Archivo Catedralicio
Vitrina 33, parte alta (old nes. 86, 295)
V , f. 89ra - 94vb: Preface, books I and II
((jlosses=^chapterheadings}in marglns of both
books) ; -
parte alte \'h^ . . %
.>
169
r. 6
Vitrina 29 (old nos. 129, 90f lOQi 3 6 3 )
PP« 372a - 389a: Commentaries on both books
r- . f , ■ 1 .
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iretiüJin sunt iiiterduia pariii coriori^ laijilii r;emmae,q,uo testaiittir. .
...no3 (ut üpinor) nostris uüoabuiis utl .--ix^is accct q.aarn iiiionis.
runc ad textujn Aristotolis Uv'^'ni'.mu.r».
ixes farniliaris .v. res publica int er sc difforunt ;non solivm auantufn
dornu3 iV ciuitas.rlaöc oriim üunt earum sv.biecta. . .
,....d rcctura uero usuiii Instrumcntorum illud l.aconici;iin ualet :sin^ula
3U0 ioco iacere. Jic enim paratn non requirentur-
]rolT-!m >rnlipr^ni oT^ni.h-'iR iqua-^ sunt. Intus .lornin'^-ri oportet rc-uramni^e
':a'berG cmri\i^ snr;--»v-,-i-.i>^i T^-vn/^soripta.'» le-^os...
• . ../•aprcptor •."• rri^r^tir -- publice docot oumrcvii vitair n.'-it v.d omnos
doos 'Or^in^^soMp rnsric r«-* ,nn'' t "-n f^':iarr. a^^ U'-orem 6- filios ci parenteö.
■ . ■■■■' ■ , ■■ ■ ' ■ ■ ■ ■ . ■ ;■■ • V - \
)..::. :.W..,uS\M;ru:h:u irrvIi.Uf;. IjUi^Il jL:GdKdlv.ICOivJL: .tiJ-.TdT{;i.IÜ •
Avi".ö FA.';-Ii.I;u-J^ KT res puDiica int er se ilifferunt // .Liximus Kupra in
prooemio .marn ;;j.raooi poiitxcam uocaiit:noß api>eilare reu puoiiua, . . .
.,,sed 'id j.'.iotora. uUD^ur; ut ad separat ioiiem frujtumn u. aiiaruni rorum:
puta uestiirn uiriliuri ad i-nuliaribus -u caetera huiuüiuoii dictum ualet.
v/ .).'• ...jiA'T.-.ivIlJiV. o'Iii_/'h bEC'Jili J17» cc ijjL;1'Ii di'.j j_,IdhiJk OLC DNJ/;.IC'.)i-;.Jl. /a.i^^j. d'i ij^io
.•i.Jhjip; :.d.bi.ji\'d'.' >iII.blJ;:i // In rei farniliaris dißci] iincic corisidcrat io
habetur pC'rsoiiMrurr; ^: rerurn. Per sonne sunt ex. qulou5 coiir-tat don.us . . .
...dixit pro T)rir:0 .. ideo dicit nunc tsecundum rof*.:rnndo p,d lilud
"tatirn. ouod .^Mitecessit in litt-^-a, . .
,^lÄJ--^- *"'»'^- . v*»!^»^ mM.\^<..'
SEGOVIA, Archivo Catedralicio, MS. [86] Vitrina 33, parte alta
* f. 89-94v: Preface, Books I and II
f . 89 ra - 89 va s Epistola Leonard!
f . 89 va - 92 ra J Liber primus economichortim incipit
f. 92 ra - 94 vb : Liber secundus
>. ■. •» ■■■i-
f. 89 ra - 94 .vb: Prefsce, Books I and II (Glosses [chapter-
headingsj in the margins of both books)
f. 89 V
a,l.ll
b,1.10
f. 90 r
a,1.10
f. 90 V
a,1.4
a,1.31
f. 91 r
b,1.2
Liber primus economichorum incipit
Tractatus pi'inius
[Cjonsiderandum est igitur de re familiari
(follows the Italien tradition in printt,
and Antonio *s transcript)
[s]ed eius diligentie que est
(Gloss: Cap. 3 eundus prima ••• L= Cap. 3
in Paris, 1489 = Faber = Itelian printsj)
(red ink)s Capitulum tertium (3°^)
[p]Rimum igitur leges sint viro ad uxorem ..
(Chapter 4 in Italian prints = Paris, 1489
= Faber 4 [Leges viri ad uxoremj)
[P]OSSESSIONUM ... ... - '^.;
(Chapter 4 in Albertus = chapter 5 in
Italian prints & Paris, 1489)
(red ink) Capitulum quartum (4°^)
[Qjatuor habere patrem familias ... -
(Chapter 5 in Italian prints = Faber =
Chapter ^ in Paris 1489 [Leges domini
ad servos J
.=?^Ib ü"xfiq ,"^ ^vf:r^r\> U^' .''1 '- ^ >f X ;-Tj:555.;ii:; cvi:«:.-:.. ^AWOOSiC
ÜÄ53S5onttiry <m boolr I • , two parts ^«oh es© th« pr^face
und book I, or @v«n onl/ oa4» prort ciueh an tb« pr«fne*
* 5 -
• 1
• :• ^ 4 dO
\
r ' V
or book XI elon«»
wir: i -t iiX
n'
c;^ - ..V '-ö •!
< r)
thi «uthors of oiitRlojittö« of c^antisorii^t collcction»
khk'ir eolltötlon« were InödBpl^ii «rlthout belnß tr^g»
2
of tho t#xt ^r«r leelaains^ he ii bccau^a th« toxi wa^ not
Qoaf^lotöl/ ooi>l€ä or booauo« j^ortions of tho toitt vi^ero
last iß tho i^roco;:»^ of Iiin4iri|; th<& Xii^vt^j^ of a oo4^x or
beeauft« Xoi^voa iv^ro ovia^ntl^* torix out of tho oo4ex«
f9$^^n%B. in thc »onöo so <l^ftn(^ü i^m infrff^utnt? alto*»
getl&or thoy ar.ount to 13 itoms or abotit 6';^ of tho total
»m^b^r of oxtüßt copies^* To tho fräfRJontstry oople© nny
bo aCdeA thoßo in v*'hloh oiit ^ eifi^jH^rt j^-r^rt Is »loi^in^ for
ol^iX£ir roi^mons« In thr«e jinstancos (6af 126 and 16C)
thii j^rx^Ci^'mttnt of the text Inaioato» thst provi^iona
km^i» b^on isBa« for tho inoluolon of th« wontin^^ i^art
but that tfet oerib^ f&llo4 to jj^mx it« In one o^d« (146)
■•.•«•.•t»*»»i*i'i^-«»-v./" .
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irlosin^ 3^art"art_ lo*t» X li»t^«l theao four eo^-l#«t {i?:roup»
0, Lf M md ono Ito» te group H i«^ tbo inOox} in thelr
actUwl arid »iipi.ottidX/ oo«pl®t© fora •..,., .Jäa»<@nti:&lly dif-
fi^rent f ro88 tl» f r&i»®nts!ry are tho inooinpitt« eoiioa
fhioB asro oo»pri«in^ one or luor« parts of th^ «^nnot^^tcd
Vl^S 1.Sa- b.B.^alvo-r,ay2
^ London, B^M.,s. XV
JiDndQn,Brltiah Museum jiosioUdM^J^ÄX^^^
Harleisu 365 1 P^ Bn.UJ-lV ;KX>.art (>Ioj t*^J
._ f. 34-41: Preface,boolcs I and II
- 1 1.
■t?
1
i, 'iu\iE Owned by Jacobus Nicolaus Chochus
de Donatis, a Florentine Citizen (civis)
at about 1475.
!
S 115a
Orvieto,B.C. s.XV
_ Orvieto,Biblioteca Comunale L.Fumi
^ Fumi IX E 39 (2712)
_i f» ? « Preface,books I and II [perhaps excerpts]
)£^t;-»V
:LJJ^ Bojight " in Rome in 1494 for his library
_: [_ by Antonius de Albertis Archidiaconus _
Urbevetanus Ü.I.D. .
.1 j..
V4-V-
S 156a
">",
Madrid, B.F.L.,s.XV_
Biblioteoa de la Fundacion Lazaro "'Lii25___
216 (15 029)
,Tr>^--: J
I
f* ? L_Preface,books I and II
I
( ; 'i-V
^ a6S_ lOorreated^l
^egovia f^B • d..uCL..,Ä.XV
Segpvia,Biblioteca de J.a jCatedral^
ie9 [ old n o >1 34,rvitrlna pq] : gg
f . ? ? Coimnentaries on jjoth books:^
V
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5-169 [CorrectedJ
Segovia , B . d • C , , p »XV
■n ' •• •■ ,- ^* ;
Segovia, Biblioteca de la Catedral
yitrina 33, parte _alt<5- L»i_Catalogue Valverde no^86j
f *89-24v* ,Pyjf8pe,boj)k_s I_ and II
i.-^j£3_-^-
Sep ^de ürgel , Biblloteca_jLe la Catedral
[Beer, p.69,no.l45i
^ ; ^ ;» r -
X^1_0I-113y? .£reface^,3ap^ks I andUX
f '
Dionigi da Borgo S. Sepelcro
O
Rudolph Arbesmann OSA, Der Augikstinereremitenorden und
der Beginn der humanistischen Bewegung. Cassiciacum [Eine Samm-
lung wissenschaftlicher Forschungen über den hl. Augustinus und
den Augustinerorden. Herausgegeben im Auftrag des Augustinus-
Instituts der deutschen Augustiner von Dr.Adalbero Kunzelmann
OSA xind DDr. Adolar Zumkeller OSA.] Band XIX. Wuerzburg: Augus-
tinus-Verlag, 1965 .
O
II Vorlaeufer und Wegbereiter des Humanismus im Augustiner-
eremitenorden (pp •15-73) ...
Dionigi da Borgo S.Sepolcro (+ 1342). (pp. 15-36)
*• ... Neben einigen theologischen Werken verf asste er
eine Reihe von Kommentaren zu antiken Autoren, so zu den Büchern
der Politik und Rhetorik des Aristoteles ^^) ...
p.23
L
•^ * \'T
>:■' .
S X3b
S 15c
6 115«*
Bruni m80» « Additlone after Jun« 1966
m^^f^
imwlH Britlßh Mdseüm
,V7 * T^ iy,.
•*
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013 both booke
H«^l«jf 3651 f f» 34^41 i l^ef ij^e« fbooko X and XX
Harlear 4ö83f f»I23v*130vt l^efaotfbaok« X «ar^d XX
':'«*
V
mvmm^ Blblioteoa aomunal© »Lulgl Fuini''
Fumi XX B 39 (3?712)t f«94-95vi ar#X.:itoe»booto X a»d XX
MAMXD» Bibllot^ca de la Ituidciclon Lf^zaro Gp.ldiano
^ f.
156a J?16 (15 02^9)f^*i29-137v: Preface,books I and'JI
ßlO M UßOBIi, Archlvo d® la Gatedral
S 169a cod» 51/P (Hoa45 {Oat#Costa)| JÖOt^llO (Öibllot^ea
Ceaatrsl de BrtroeXona), )
f.lOT-'llJvi JRrtfac©tbooke X and XX
S ^18
itSSl
FIiOüÄCIj Blbliot®ce dl $mt0 gplrito
l^moo XXX f B0«4
llated in fWRimQM^ Blblldteca Iisurensi^mat
cod#Ashburiüi?^äkm ld97# f«38
c
Bruni's Public - Additions and Corrections
p. 30: Bernard Lubllnlus
P
6:
Suggested note on relation of Bruni's version to
medieval translation - Insert reference to Eugenio
fimx Garin, 'Noterelle sulla Filosofia del Rinascimento'
Rinascimento, II, 3-4 (December, 1951) ,pp. 319-356 where
Garin treats relation of Bruni to Durandus (p.326,
note 3)
Notes
p.a?, note 37; On Pizolpasso - check again Paredi,La Biblio-
teca; also Studi Medievali, vol, 7 , fasc.l (1966)
Ricardo Fubini} 'Fra [VauranczinoJ e consili. Note
SU Francesco*
• • •
p«22, note 30? On controversia Alphonsina - insert E.Fran-
eeschini, * Leonardo Bruni e il "vetus interpres" dell*
Etica a Nicomaco*, Medioevo e Rinascimento, I (Floren-
ce,1955), pp. 299-319
O
■J-.
,?t
i^^'i
^m* V, «^
Father
Rev« Francis Roth, 0*S«A.,Director i r.)^ /^^iJS -[^xfc 190 31'
Augustinian Historical Institute
3105 Arlington Avenue /t.^n.s'l :r.j>i^.v^ n':)^-.. ^«^r^o
New York 65f N^X», ,dej.'r.{c.?^":iiys t'*'Ui?jij^) a:> ji''n£>^^»:fi'.u an^.
Dear Reverend and Father Roth :
y ■ > ■
'rtr^oXi'^I'^i ' c^b
•* *» ••% »1^ «^
.; «
-.i"..
•f r, •■( .■ 1 • _ '
r^ri; V
Upon my return to the city I foxmd your kind lines of September
5 in which you informed me about the interest of Father Arbesmann in
the microfilm of the Economics commentary by Dionigi de Burgo S.Sepul-
cro. which I had ordered from Grenoble. . rtt.r'^Jr?^*! nru Mf '
■' ' ■• I just received the microfilm from Grenoble. The film shows that
*the text was exquisitely printed, However,from experience I know that
it is easier to study texts from prints and thus I shall have made
prints (by way of a Xerox machine j,) from the film. As soon as they
are available I shall let you and Father Arbesmann know it.
then
Perhaps,you will be so kind as to introduce me to Father Arbes-
mann so that I may discuss this matter with him. Meanwhile I have read
the^^fiSf^pFather Arbesmann in the recent issue of AUGUSTINIANA .^ .'
v;hich^further clarified my thoughts on the commentary ascribed to
Dionigi de Burgo. ■• ^ ^ ,,i.r ... ^ ^/.
" -^ ' Most sincerely yours,
■• r. ..
■4 ■ , ' ,
' 1 ;
- 2 -
•//
lijqf^-: .
f •->'
•f , " • '
\j:
o..
Ueber die Zuschreibimgen der anderen Bilder kanh^'man streitpn
oder auch weitere Nachforschungen anstellen: Das Aquarell, das einem
uns unbekannten Wiauler zugeschrieben wird, ist offenbar mit den bei-
den Oelbildern von Franz Quaglio verv;echselt worden. Die Familie
Quaglio war gxdis'^und wir erinnerten uns an ein Werk von Domenico
Quaglio.' Das von mir "■ geschilderte Bild der Zv/ei Pferde ist in der
Aufstellung dem Frankfurter Maler Heinrich Caspar Schütz zugeschrie-
ben; wir hielten ihn für den erwaehnten Theodor Schütz. Die Maler
ühl und Breithans sind uns nur dem^ Hamen- nach bekannt. Sie werden
. Beschreibungen in meinem Brief finden, die denen der Aufstellung aehn-
1 lieh sind und ebenso ^ ^. das Portraet eines alten Mannes und die Mi-
• f niaturen dort auch erwaehnt. ?,•-,.: v r? . v-.:- v :.: , .
Bezueglich der Entziehung ist uns nur bekannt, v;as Frau Heimann
" seinerzeit Herrn Dr. Haas angegeben hat. Zeugen koennen nicht beige-
-^: bracht werden. Die Ünvollstaendigkeit der Devisenakten scheint eher
i darauf hinzudeuten, dass der "Entzug" der Bilder verschleiert worden
ist. vDie Bemerkung beim Hauptzöllamt idess^ Seifenptilver usw. aus dem
.^ . irv Umzugsgut herausgeholt wurde, bestaetigt weder, dass die Bilder im Lift
gelassen, noch, dass sie mixgeschickt worden sind. Hier müssen wir uns
auf Ihre Beurteilung des moeglichen Tatbestandes verlassen.
Ihr Brief vom 21. Oktober und mein Brief vom gleichen Tag, in dem
ich Ihren Brief vom 8. Oktober (verspaetet,v":eil ich an einer Infek-
tion erkrankt war) beantwortet habe, haben sich gekreuzt. Sie haben
daher meine Antv/orten zu den dort aufgeworfenen Fragen.
Mit bestem Gruss,
■ i,^-
!♦ Famesei What I want to know about thls famou« Itallan fanil/
l8 their Status in the l^tb oentury« They wer« dultaa
of the Itallan oity-»state of Pan&a,bttt X shonld lika
to knowjslnoe when ? The Encyolopaadia Brittanloa ottfht
to have sufflolent infomatlon on thls* Perhapsythera
somethlng Is said of thair faisous llbrary^now complata«*
ly dlaperaed«
2* Cardinal Zeladat This was a w6ll«*known Spanish cardlnal In tht
15th oenttury^modt probably residing at Tolado« Tha
best place to look hiß up is a Catholic encyolopadia«
?# Sir John Mandevlllet Thia is tha pan^nana of an Sngliah traval«^
1er of the 14th Century (1300 ? - 1575 ?) who wrota
rather fancy stories about hie journeys in the £aat in
French at c •1357-1371. I should like to know what th«
Eno*Brit« hae (1) tt him euch as birthdate^eto.t (2) on
the dßte when he coaposed hia stories originally, (3)
on the English translations euppoeedly done in the 13th
Century of hie populär book»
4. Popel (?) [Populeti in I^tin]« This is probably the nime of
a little plj^ee in Spain^perhaps only the mame of a mon-»
astery there« I äo know the exact Latin naine,but not
the Spanish whioh,! thlnk to remeasborfsounds similar
to what I noted down« The Spanish encyolopedia might
have an entry on it,perhaps you can guess what it says*
5. Mu,^ena t
A Spanish faroily; I am interested in a AlvarezddeMtfu*
Jena«a htmanist acholar of the 13th eenttury [Latin
naiset Aluariue de Muxena]« Perhaps^the Spanish ency*
olopedia ha 8 something on him«
6» Santa Croce « Convent of StCrocc at Florenoet What I would like
to know i» whether this oelebreted convent richly provided
for by the Medicis was a Franoiscan monastery. The ßnc.Br«
should have that infortßation imder FlorenoefOtherwiae thf
Bno.Italiana«
7* Stift Melkt A celebrated abbey in Austria,therefor« also in
English enoyclopediaSf is possibly a Benedictine abbey or
a »onastery of the Praeaon» traten» er ordcr. Can you find
out ?
8« Abbey de Parct Thia could be a Belgian abbey (Benedictine ?)•
Perhaps the Grand £noyclaedie has aomethl ng tmder Paro
or a Catholic dictionnary* Again,what Battera,beside8 the
looetiontia the order to which it belonged«
m^^
I.
Farnese: (Enc.Brit) N^me of Italian family which from 1545 to 1731
ruied the duchy of P^rma and Piacenza (since 1512 part of the papal
States). They ippear fivst as minor feudal iords of Farneto
(Farnese) near the lake of Bolsena. . tr ^cinj; tueir ori^ins perhaps,
like so many Italian Feudatories, xo the reign of the emperer Otto !•
From the 12th to the 14th centuries tliey sust lined tliemselves
adroitly in the service of other Iords and of v^rious Cr>mmunes,
notibly Orvieto, where they held Office as consuls, podestS and
bishops. • . .
Tradition states tliat Pope Alexander VI v/\s the lover if Guilia Bella
Ranuccio's granddaughter . It w «s her brotner Aless^nd ro,. cre^ted
Cardinal by Alexander in 1493 and elected pope as Paul XtX' (q.v.)
in 1534, who established the family politically. A nepotist like
his predecessors, he conferred both titles and lands upon his
natural children, the niost fanious of whora was Pierluigi Farnese
(1503- '47); it wis Pierluigi who in 1545 received from his father
the duchy of Pirma and Piacenza for \n annual census of 9,000 ducats«
Pierluiüi:i, who had started life as a condottiere , proved an ^ble
captain but /'thless and dissolute and an insitiable egotist.
Nevertheless as a ruler, he brought real benefits to his duchyxxxx
which had suffered under t e listless governraent of papal legates«.«;
in Parm=i and Piacen/i he showed energy in attacking the Privileges
and abuses, fiscil md -judicial, of the feudal aristocracy and in
promoting reforms in agriculture^ commerce, industry and the admin-
istr»tion of .justice; oligarchy gave way t) signoria . He proceeded
however, with imprudent severity, md ^ resentlul nobility pl>otted
his death, with the support of Ferrante di Gonzaga, the Emperor
Charles V's governor of Milan and of Andrei Doria, who sought
revenge on Pierluigi for his p irt in the Fiesco c >nspir »cy. He
w^sfrturdered on Sept. 10, 1547 and Gonzaga*s troops occupied
Piacenza, • •
A
rm=i;
Altei Pierluigi 's death, Piul appointed » papal le«]^ te to P
Otr^via pushed his Claims, ba t did not receive t.üg^t duchy iintil the
accession of Pope Julius 3iCC (1550). Ott^vio was the second son
(1521-'86) of ^^ierluigi who married Marg iret of Austria(q. v. ) natural
dmghter of Charles V. This did not end his quirrel with Charles V,
for Gonzigi refused ti vive up Piacenz » and Ott «vio wis driven into
the ^ms of France (Miy 1551)... so tue intrigues continue...
Duke f in 'lly regained Piacenza from Philipfi.. The rest of his life
was 8 aent quietly »t home, where he resumed the policy of his
f »ther,.only with gre^ter moderat ion and won the affection of
his subj'ects. At his de ^th in 1586, he was succeeded by his son
Alexander Firnese(q . v. )(1545-'92), the famous gener 1 of Philip 9"^
of Sp^in, Wh ^ spent the whole of his reign in the Flemish »Virs.
His son and successir, Ranucciojl (l569-lx 1622), issued the
Institut i^ns (1594) which gave final form to the ducal adminii
constituti^ns (1594) which gave fi'nal form to the ducal administration;
he also embellished Parma, building its theatre and reviving its
university. But \ne mismanaged the state f in mces, barrowed heavily
on the Roman iviarket nd died in debt....
Continuation of strife — reigns handed down<The ^iale line ended in 1731.
Nothing Said about the library.
2, "Sir flohn Mandeville": (Enc.Brit) Mandevllle, Jehan De — name claimed
bv^ the Compiler of a sini^ular book of tr ^veis written in French, and
published between 1357 and 1371. By aid of translations into many
other languages. it acquired extraordinary popularity, while a
few interpolated words in a pirticular edition of an Gno^lish version
(^ained for ^ndeville in modern times tue certainly spurious credit
of being "the father of En9;lish prose."
In bis preface the Compiler calls himself a knight and stetes he was
born and bred in England of tfie town of St. Albans. The personal
history of ^»andeville is mere irivention. There is no reasanalie
doubt thit the tr ^vels were in large part compiled by a Litlge
physici^n, known as Johains a la Barbe o|^ Jehan 1 la Barbe, other-
wise Jeh^n de Bourgogne, who drew bis Information not from his own
travels but from the works of Odoric , Carpini, Vincent de Beauvais,
and others. Jehan ^ l\ Barbe is himself a mm of mystery...
died at Liege on November 17,1372.
Biblio9!:rar)hy :- Oldest known manuscript of the origin il^ dated 1371,
but is nevertfieless very inaccur ^te in proper names«
First hlnglish trmslation direc i fpom the irench was
made ( »t le<st as eirly as tlie be'^inning of the 15|^
Century) from a manuscript r>f which miny pages were
lost.
\K
3. Santa Croce: (Enc.Brit.) Sant \ Croce is only mentioned »s one of a
few among the famous and be lutiful churches of Florence.
The Citnolic Enc. had nothing on Cardin il Zelada.
I do not have access to the It ilim and Spinieh encyclopedias
so I was q ite handicapped. As i mentioned in the coverin^ lettei\
I will try to f ill in the many missing details wtien I get b^ck
to the city.
i
^ Sr. Tomas Magallon,Sl Jefe del-. . 4^m#«. ^r^f^rf«
.. Laboratorio Fotografico
•rfftniX-t«o 1 . Biblioteca Nacional _ ♦«t-ioiioS?*^ ai
Av.dÄ Calvo Sotelo,20
Madrid (Espana)
»«t»n
Dear Sr.Megallon :
Today I sent you by airmail the microfilm of the Codex 114
of the Biblioteca Universitaria which you so kindly loaned me in
December 1962« , . * i ^
I am sorry that I am returning the film to you so much later
i'id^J ftiir
than I have had intended to. It turned out that the text required
it aa
■5*« ..»!•
more study than I presumed_^and that other texts were also of Inter-
est. I do hope that this delay did not cause you any inconvenience .
Please,accept my sincerest thanks for having made this film
available to me; it was/the W way to answer my questions.
•T At..^juior .-a/ ic Sincerely yours, .|,*^^^
^0 £Si>{^^'i}i.fi^'*q 7J,rivoiIo!k '^aftoosi'jir:.;," 'i/j c^vltttoi v.T^Jrt^cKSio';; <»dT
voXJo'" ^crjt- ;ii-« i :;no- m .-••t:;joO f; ' i:i;/-;.<-v
-. f
-j/X'^ ^a.R ia'riJOOB'toff lo .t-tow ort;}- ax ^/JBJxixcfort 9=1
w^..i
T
U'
HAMBTOG, Staats- und aniv«rsitätsbibliothek
Phllol.quarto 128, pp. 164 - 226: Booka I and II (167-224) intarsparsed
lata
in * acholpstic commentary, marginal and intarlinaer
notas
■/lii%y JO.D»Vii
'- «.
(Miorofilm:) p. 160, 164-226
(Analyais of taxt:) ^ ' ^'
♦ r^
10 L f ^■Jii}^-i. '.',
' r
P.M,1
Ix
U:^fiJTX.-:, ^C urv. J-fü^ l ■.; vi.;.'x
r. 1
.•1 r >
p,160 : Finit par ma Philippom Grunfeldium Anno ICillesimo Qaingantasimo
dacimoqainto nonas Marcias dia varo X maroij
p. 164-166: Prafatio in libros oaeonomiconim Aris totalis
j i .:>.
— 'r .'.
p.l67->194: Aristotalis Stagiritaa philo sophorom mazimi Oaconomieorum Libri
Y duo a Laonardo Arant. novissima translati
(l94 bottom:) Sacundus Libar Oeconomiconun
p. 195-224: Taxt of book II,ending in tha middle of p.224
p, 224-226: Final sactions of tha coinmantary ♦
The commantary consists of "parikopen" following paragraphs of
tha taxt; tha sactions of tha commantary ara suprascribad in larga
lattars by dascriptiva titlas; in addition thara ara intarlinaar
notes and also a commantary in tha margins (rasambling tha comman-
tary by Wallandorfar /0acologium,151l/ ).
Preceded by Bruni*s Contra hypocritas and follow-
ed,ainong others,by Bruni's Version of Xenophon's
Tyrannus and a Demosthenes oration (Ine: Per qui-
dem fuerat) and also a Version of De Virtutibus
by Gy^i-acu« .^conitaiju^^ Two texts in the codex
are erroneously ascribed to Bruni; the treatise
De Nobilitate is the work of Bonaccursi and Plu-
tarch's De liberis educandis was translated by
Gruarino.
i«t. 'iiiÄJiCa^z^t
'tki \^ L^.'.-iLitf '.: '^JiJt
S9Bor Tomas llimt«!^ Magall on
Bibliot»ca Nacional
Ar.d« CalYO Sot^lo 20
Madrid
Dvar Sir:
Professor Krist»llor suggested that I write you and ask you to microfilm
two manuscripts in the Biblioteca d» la ünivtrsidad. Both ar# copies of tha
Latin Version by Leonardo Bruni (Leonardas Aretinus) of the Aristotelian OBCO-
NOMICA,listed but poorly described by J.Villa-Amil y Castro in his Cat^ogo de
los Manttscritos existen/^s en la Biblioteca del Noviciado de la Universidad
Central , Parte I (Madrid 1878). The one ms. is contained in codex 109 ( Catalogo ,
pp. 39-40) Phd th© other in codex 114 ( Ca talogo ,pp. 41-42),
Codex 169 ; Accoraing to the description by J.Villa-Amil y Castro the text
of the OECONOMICA Version is to be found on (or about) the folios 113v - 121v
and ends with the explicit: **Hic finitur uterque über (Xl) yconomioe (2)**«
I presume that this text consists of the praefatio,liber primns,liber seoundui •.
of Brani* s Version. Attacked I am sending yoa a sketch of the five parts of Bruni*
Version and his commentary on his own translation which shoald be helpfal in idexi-
tifying the oomposition of the text.
Codex 114 ; According to the description by J.Villa-Amil y Castro this codex
ha 8 the Commenttun super libro economicorum by Leonardo Bruni. The text coiq>rise8
8 folios. To Judge from the title, this text may consist of the commentarium super
prinum librum and perhaps the commentarium super secundum librum.
With the same mail I shall ask Dr. Ja vier Lasso de la Vega,the director of
the Biblioteca de la Universidad to give you the permission to photograph these
texts for me. I trust he will be generous enough to do so.
■€
\
With best thanks for whatever attention you will give my request, '
Vtry truly yours,
Tour Bulletin is an indispensable source of Information for myself and my \
Student 8 in the course on International Economic s I am eonducting et Queens
College, Flushing 67,N. Y. I could^S^thout the f»atmcl asAxitz these articles
on fact8,background8 and trends of events in the European Community.
^■^
W
■ Ü -
.1 — "X C il* U ** i u "* ■
Dr. Tomfifl Marin, Bibliotecario^
Istituto Plorres
c/o Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientiflcas
Serrano 117
Madrid
-f — ^ — -»-^ —
:---^'ic^:"'^
— — J-
l...
Daar Sir: ,
' ' Professor Kristeller suggested that I writ© you and ask
for the greet favor of procuring for me an inf )rmation about
a 15th Century Manuscript in the Archivio Catedralicio at
Cordoba. The ms. is a copy of the Latin Version by Leonardo
Bruni (Leonerdus Aretinus) of the Aristotelien OKCONOMICA and
is conteined in the codex 132 of the Archivio.
Whßt I should like to know is this:
(l) What pre thp folios containing the text of Bruni* s —
Version 7 1 .
(2) Of whfit partsof Bruni* s Version does the text con-
sist ? For tk> convenience af I am ettaching a sketch of the
five parts of the translation by Bruni ana his commentary on
it.
(3) Can it be recognized whether the text was copied by
Antonius de Morales ? Antonius wrote the Latin translation
by Leonardo Bruni of the Arist:>telian ^THICA which follow8~
the OECONOMICA text. At the ena of the OECONOMICA there is
an explicit which reads **Explicit über echonomicorum e greco
in latinum a leonardo Arrethino noviter traductus et Cosem
directus. Et fuit perfectus 11. die mensis novembris anno
domini 1464".
(4) Of how many folios consists the entire codex ?
♦:1a-
J.L^
^ Professor Harold M.Levin8on,Acting Chairman, .^im
Department of Economies r-^rr-'i oSi.'^trv.l
_, Th* Univ^^rsity of Michigan '^- -^l^ y^tr^: c'^:^: o:
Ann Arbor, Michigan
Dear Professor Levinson:
' + I am pleas*=d at this opportunity of recommendiilg to you
, Dr. Irene Butter as a candidate for a teaching position.
.♦;
: Ol
I bava naxKxpixzKMKxiEitk had no occasion to obs'^rve her
as a teacher,but I k«Tt received°^?l^of?I°S68uf her teaching
et Durham which supported my expectation that she would jLm
«xmmtxBxiiiitaikiK be as ^fficient as inliStÜi^as she has
"I been as a researcher on the str'^ngth of her solid treining
I in economies, hpr pntusiesm for her field and her eagerness
to skaxixkicx impl'»m'^nt it in younger minds.
-_ .,
— rr - -T-y-rT— -r^'*-
.. <■ . '
* ■ • >.
/ ,:
1';
— j- - -
. (■
t T
■r j.
c .
■". 'i .. j
•■A '.
.^_::^ liiil ^X^ -^^^
•< f
-^i-;:..:->C.'!.^^ T - "fx f .♦ j; - ;
:^:_ii:^__i
• •* i -'■■■■■ ii7.i. ' ''' ■[ . j p. iii
_^ ^4^^.
♦. ,
^!o. •■■♦ori^'.^ !:-.,^i"Oi( .-..fj:...^ '<■■*'' if^ir,''!- ß rai/itj^j -^ f
f * »^ • « ^■-r--
!. I r .r^' i ' ' i-^-T
A"
:'i!:.'.i
xlv-L. ' li.::-:^' -i;j ':f^j-,.:oc ^cH.-'i \.i^.u -r.^
Leonardo Bnini and his Public
Old
1
2
CONCORDANCE OF FOOTNOTES
New
1
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
15
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
Part I
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
.jj^:. ■» - i^
- ^-^ - - I --^ - L_
Leonardo Brunl and his Public - Concordance of Footnotes
-2 -
Old
New
24 Fart II 1
25
2
26
3
21
4
28
5
28a
6
29 Part III 1
30
2
31
3
32
4
33
5
34
6
35
7
36
8
37
9
38
10
39
11
40
12
41
13
42
14
43
15
44
16
45
17
46
18
47
19
Old
New
48
20
49
21
50
22
51
23
52
24
53
25
54
26
55
27
56
28
57
29
58
30
59
31
60
32
61
33
62
34
63
35
64
36
65
37
66
38
67
39
68 Part IV 1
69
2
69a
3
70
4
71
5
Leonardo Bruni and his Public - Concordance of Footnotes
- 3 -
Old
72
75
74
75
76
76a
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
[P.IV]
New
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
Old
New
(ref.)
(ref.)
OECONOMICA MSS. - INDEX (suiranary)
A* Preface
l.
7 D'
B. Preface, book I
C. Preface, book I,resiiine of book II
D. Preface, books I and II
(1) In the above order
(2) Books I and II, preface
E. Books I and II
(1) Without commentary
(2) Bookj I With'^unidentif ied commentary
i
(3) Books I and II interspersed in unidentified commentary
F. Book II
r
J, Preface, book I, commentary on book I
H. Books I and II, commentary on book I
H
!• Books I and II,commentaries on both books
K. Preface, books I and II,comftentary on book I
(1) In the above order •
(2) Commentary on book I; Preface, books I and II
L« Preface, book I,book II, commentary on book II (see also M (1).)
- — >
.',*. 4
H
!\j. Preface, book I, commentary on book I,book II, commentary on book II
(1) Commentaries following each book separately
(2) Commentaries written in the margins e^ the text of each book
...-!./ (3) Preface, book I, commentary on book I; commentary on book II
^ ' ( see also M. ( 1 ) . )
OECONOMICA MSS. - INDEX (summary)
- 2 -
0. Preface,"books I and II,commentaries on both books
(1) In the above order
(2) Commentaries on both books; preface, books I and II
P. Commentaries on both books
^^ . Excerpts from books I and II
K^. Unknown composition of text
2)i^/c
i) -^ Ni : -fl, ^'
Between N and
Commentary on book I if S 102 (Milan, B.A.,J 115
sup.,f .lv-8v) should be separate ms
Fragments 13
C.6 fo
---•»■'t- -. '^^M :_^ .i axtijua:^ \u .
Studles in Medleval and Renaissance Hl?tory. Edited by
William M. Bowsky. Lincoln: üniversity of Nebraska
-. — J^ress. Vol. V (1968), pp. 51 - 136
n
I I
Marginal
sign
Mark in text
Meaning
Corrected text
Marginal
sign
Mark in text
Meaning
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^Robert Henderson
1939^1940
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\ \
I I
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Conv^Soppr« C«7»26?7t 55 j 61 i 85
[:> \ "6l
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llarley 5 651t 77 1 I1I,:?4
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F|«Ol^ltCEt Bibliot«oa .M«cilc«a Li^itrenslana
ConvtSoppr. 95if XVt9
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OXFORB, Bodlelan Library
19 701 [ms Canon. Lat# Miao» 2253« Introd»,2
HOMKt Biblioteca Angelioa
234 [0*3a5]t Introd., 2
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122
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Studios in Medleval and H«iifti99«iiiee Hlttury
167 2 605 tPalftoio 5aO| 2 E 2| VH E 2j, fol«. ? t :i?rmfmM^
Bertolot,*'i;u)r BiljXiogy&phl«,'» 18€#
SirOOVlA, Blbllotttoa de Is CfkUtarnl
4 '
168 Vltrlufi 3? [old ßo«« a^i 295j» fol«» ß9-^4vt Preföc©»
Becks I and II
169 Vitrlna 29 [old nos# 129. 154], vp. 372-5B9? Cox^^n-
tarier on both book^
169« 51 F i Costa "On 145 i» fols» lo7-*114t Pr«f&e@t Books
I and II
t
from Ztirioht
a •prothonotarlua" In Hhelnfeldan
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in the Swias Carthusian and Carznellte con*
vents
Conv.Soppr. G.7#2677« 55| 61; 83
. '»'»ff-«»*« ?
LOKBOJN, British Museu»
Harley 5 651t 77j 111,24
FIiORENCE, Bihlioteoa Meölcea laurenziana
Conv.Soppr. 95« IV, 9
^•V-WTt-i
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X496 (Haln-^^E^ichllng 12122) •
»*^-
OXFORD, New College MS. 228 [deposited in Bodleian Library]
" ... In fact the MS. about which you inquire is in the
exhibition "Duke Humfrey and English humanism in the 15th
Century", in which it is item no. 37. I enclose a photocopy
of the entry.
I have reexamined the MS. in the light of your enquiry,
and this text of the Economics is not in the hand of Jo.R.,
but is a slightly later addition - made of course in England •
in which an attempt has been made to follow the early part of
the MS. in script and decoration.
I am sending xeroxes of the pages, since there are four
of them under separate cover. ..."
Letter from Dr. R.W. Hunt, 16 November 1970
The xeroxed copies of the Economics text (fols. 188v -
193v) show the following composition of the text :
fols. 188v - 189? Preface
fols. 189 - 191: Book I
fols. 191 - 193v: Book II
There are no titles - neither a general title nor sub-
titles of the books - either by way of incipits or explicits.
There seems to be a referehce to the subdivision of the text
in the margin of f. 189, next to the ending of the preface,
but it is illegible in the xeroxed copy.
QXFORD, New College MS. 228 [as described in an Exhibition
Catalogue]
37 Aristotle . Ethics and Politlcs . Ps.-Aristotle ,
Economics, i n Latin translatlon of Leonardo Bruni .
Written in England, on parchment with a suede-like finish, in
an accomplished humanistic hand; headings written by the scribe
in a large semi-gothic hand. Ruled with a hard point, with
pairs of vertical lines bounding the text in Italian fashion.
The last part (fol. 188^-193^) is written by the same scribe in
a current hand which is almost gothic. He signs himself on
fol.89^5 'Finit liber Ethicorum. Anno domini 1452. Per me Jo.
R.* He is also the main scribe of no. 35. His hand appears to
have been influenced by the humanistic hana of the Dutch scribe,
Theodoricus Werken, who had come to England from Italy by 1449
with Richard Bole (see no.51). Dr. Emden suggests that he may
be identified with the John Russell, grammar master at Oxford
in 1446-7 (B.R.Ü.O. iii. 1608-9).
«
The initials are in an English humanistic style, with thin gold
branchwork and monsters on scalloped grounds, half blue and half
muddy red. They are a simplified version of the initials in the
Frulovisi and Beccaria manuscripts written for Duke Humfrey (see
nos.4-8). Initials in the ssine style are found in a manuscript
written by John Pacy c.1464 (no.88) and in no.lOO. In the lower
border of fol.2 is a delicate coloured drawing of a seated wing-
ed bull with a halo . Beside it is a hav;k on a Iure. Compare
the bull in the initial of no. 38. Dr. Emden suggests that these
bulls may be connected with Richard Bole, v»/hose name is sometiir.es
speit Bull.
Given to New College by William Warham, archbishop of Canter-
bury 1503-1532.
Oxford, New College MS. 228, fol.2, 89^ (photo).
PLATE IV (b) Shows fol.89^
Bodleian Library. Exhibition Catalogue: "Duke Humfrey and English
humanism in the 15th Century". (Oxford, 1970) , 21-22
■ "~- ■ "— — — — — _—_ . _
'-1
\
Bruni msß, - Additions after June 1966
England
S 15a
S 15b
S 15c
LONDON^ British Museum
cod. Harley 3399 s Preface, booke I and II, commentaries
on both books
Harley 3651 i f. 34-41 : Preface, books I and II
Harley 4883, f,123v-130v: Preface, books I and II
Italy
ORVIETO, Biblioteca Comunale "Lui^i-iFuini''
S 115a Fumi IX E 39 (2712), f.94-95v: Preface, books I and II
Spain
MADRID, Biblioteca de la Fundacion Lazaro Galdiano
129— 137v
S 156a 216 (15 029), f. : Pl-eface^ books I and II
SEO DE ÜRGEL, Archive de la Catedral
S 169a cod. 51/P (No.l45 (Cat. Costa); Ko.2110 (Biblioteca
Central de Barcelona). )
f.l07-113v: Preface, books I and II
Lost
PLORENGE, Biblioteca di Santo Spirito
S 218 Banco III, no.4
listed in PLOREXiCE, Biblioteca Laurenziana,
cod.Ashburnham 1897, f. 38
.J^ ^. .' >\<^. .H.^^J. ^'i ^._n>.. ■^^■w«. ^'» VttLi
* I
S 15a
S 15b
S 15c
Bruni's OECONOMICA Version - Additional MSS. (After Jm?iÄ 196^)1
England "
L01\T)0N, British Museum
cod. Harley 3399 5 Preface,books I and II, coimnentaries
on both books
Harley 3651, f. 34-41: Preface, books I and II
Harley 4883, f .123v-130y? Prefäce^bodkft-I and II
rs ' ^
Italy
ORVIETO, Biblioteca Comunale L. Fumi
S 115a Fumi IX E 39 (2712); f.94-95v: Preface, books I and II
(excerpts ?)
S 156a
S 169a
Spain
MADRID, Biblioteca de la Fundacion L^zaro
216 (15 029), f. ? 2 Preface, books I and II
^,-.-- ^Archivo (de'^ia Catedrar ;
/SEO DE URGEL, yMtt±aitEKaxÄÄXiaxSaitfltiix«3f --.._.._.^. ^.^.^^.^A (Biblioteca.
t;od. 51/P (No. 145 (Cat. Costa); No.2110 Central de
jßOd.51, f.l07-113v: Preface, books I aM II Barcelona)!
i.
L'^»ll»^*«f
Lost
S 218
FLORENCE, Biblioteca di Santo Spirito
Banco III, no.4
listed in FLOPENCE, Biblioteca Laurenziana,
cod.Ashburnham 1897, f. 38
SEO DE ITRGEL, Archive de la Catedral
( ;■
■^Ki:
K-
BSrXötjT
S 169a cod. 51/P [No.l45 (Cat. Costa); No.2110 (Biblioteca
*--*^ i*^~ .X Central de Barcelona)]
äJ «^^' iKT^o* f.l07-113v: Prefpce, books I and II
KILAlT^Bl*blloteoa Ambrosiana
71 «up« tti8o« oart« a*XV
f»6«>14vt Prefaeefbooks I and II
64 fols^pooics I aryc n
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Mss. of Bruni's OECONOMICA vereion - Milan - Deecriptions
MILAN, Biblioteca Ambrosiana
L 59 Sup. Parchment s.XV 29 fols.(l65 x 235 mm.)
Written by one band in ,£Uv«MMt^ elegant Script and
" V ricbly Ornament ed with beautiful gilded miniaturei
f. 1 - 10: Preface,books I and II
f.lOv- 29: Co33i2nent??Ties on both books (slightly mutiiated at the end).
Sources: Ezio Franceschini, 'L' "Ariötotele Latino" nei codici dell'
Ambrosiana* , Miscellanea Gralbiati,vol»3 = Fontes Ambrosiani,vol.27
(1951) f 243 «J^d note 1; Letter from dott.Angelo Paredi,Biblioteca
„Ambrosiana.
MILAN, Biblioteca Ambrosiana
71 Sup. Mise. Paper s.XV 64 fols.(145 x 215 nun.) The
codex was acquired by card.Felerico Borromeo in
1603 for the Biblioteca Ambrosiana,
f.6-14v: Preface, books I ajid II
....:.-''^"--....„.. - ■ -X' ■••— ---^^ — -
Sources: \P.O.Kristeller ,Iter Italicum,I,33t; Ezio Franceschini, 'L*
"Aristotele Latino" nei codici dell* Ambrosiana» , Miscellanea Gal-
biati,rol.3 = Pontes Ambrosiani,vol.27 (1951), 243 and note 2; Lette:
fröm dott.A.Paredi, Biblioteca Ambrosiana: f\.
c
.1
MILAN, Biblioteca Ambrosiana
J 33 Inf.
Mise. Paper s.XV ? fols. The codex belong-
ed,accoiding to notes on f.4r, in 1470 to a Peter
Bugone from Porte Nove,a parish of Milan', on i8
July 1476, the duohess Bona Maria Visconti, the
former princess of Savoy and since 1467 wife of
Galeazzo Maria Sforza, received it as gift upon
the birth of a daughter. The Biblioteca Ambrosi-
ana acquired it at the time of its founding.
. ,.v.
Mss. of Bruni»s OECONOMICA Version - Milan - Descriptions - 2 -
(ctd. cod. I 33 inf. )
f,70 - 82v: I^efacejlDooks I and II,coimiientaries on both books
Ereceded,among others,by Bruni's Isagogioon and
followed by his De studiis et letterig . Vita Aris-
totalis and his letter to ügo Benzi concerning his
translation of the Nicomachean Ethics.
Sourees: Kristeller,Iter Italioum, 1,294; Ezio Franceschini,» L* "Aris-
totele Latino" nei codici dell* Ambrosiana* , Miscellanea Galbiati,
vol. 3 = Fontes Aaibrosiani,vol.27 (1951), p. 243 and note 3; Letter
from dott. A# Paredi,Biblioteca Ambrosiana.
MILAN, Biblioteca Ambrosiana
I. 115. Sup.
Mise. Parchment early s.XV (142u*s ?) 145
fols.(200 X 290) of which ff.9-lU, 15r, 139v,
143-145 are vacant. The codex belonged to the
Milanese archbishop Piccolpasso,a friend and cor-
respondent of Bruni,as his coat of arms on f.25v
indicates. Piccolpasso also entered marginal
notes to Bruni's Ethics version (f.36-138v) re-
lated to the Öreek text, Piccolpaeso left the :i
codex to the Biblioteca Capitolare del Capitolo
Metropolitano from which card. Federico Borromeo
purchased it in 1607.
f .l-8vs Commentary on book I
f.25v-32 : Preface, books I and II
The 8 folios containing Bruni's commentary on book I of
his Version are followed first by two empty leaves and
.then,on f.ll-24v,by Walther Burley's Conclusiones on
the Ethics; the Economic s version is followed by Brunl*s
Ethics translation (f.36-138v) v/ith the two prefaces.
Sourees: Ezio Franceschini, 'L* "Aristotele Latino** nei codici dell*
Abrosiana' , Miscellanea Galbiati,vol,5 = Fontes Ambro siani, vol. 27
(1951), 241-242 and 241, note 6; Letter from dott. A.Paredi, Biblioteca
Mss. of Bruni's OECONOMICA Version - Milan - Descriptions
- 3 -
MILAN, Blblioteca Ambrosiana
H. 184. Inf.
Mise. Parchment s.XV 129 fols. (200 x 270)
The Aristotelian texts were written for a Dr^.jur
Nicolaus de Arcembaldis at Parma, a ducal tiax coi-
lector. The codex belonged to the Biblioteca
Ambrosiana since its foundation.
f. Iü6v-113 ? Preface,books I and II
Preceded by Bruni*s Ethics Version with the prologue
to Cosmo de' Medici and followed by V^alther Burley's
Conclusiones on the Ethics.
Sources: Kristeller, Iter Italicvun, 1,293; Ezio Franceschini, 'L'*» Aristo-
tele Latino*» nei codici dell ' Ambrosiana * , Miscellanea Galbieti,
vol. 3 = Fontes Ambro siani, vol. 27 (1951), 242 and note 4; Letter from
dott.Angelo Paredi, Biblioteca Ambrosiana
\
MILAN, Biblioteca Ambrosiana
\
J. 11. Sup.^,. Mise. Parchment, s.xy. l62 fols. Old binding.
On
the fly-leaf .an old table of contents
,.('■■■'■'
f.l-13v: Preface,boo]cs % and II (title: Leonardi Arretini de cura
..->' rei familiaris ad Cosmam liber
^^,.>\ incipit)
w^TT ^ < -o^ ^t ^^3'^i^-f . .. , ^ translations of
Followed by Bruni*s/Bontra hypocritas md Orations from
Homer *s Illiad,book IX with preface and of Növella-
^."' IV,1 of Boccaccio 'sPecameron (fabula Tancredi).
«■ ■' \
Sources: Kristeller, Iter Italicum,I,352K Letter from dott.Angelo
■\,
,,.Faredi, Biblioteca Ambrosiana X^
,„,>•■
X.
Mss. of Bruni's OECONOMICA Version - Milan - Deecriptions
- 4 -
MILAKjBiblioteca Ambrosiana
J. 98. Sup, Mise. Parchment
s.XV 166 f eis. (190 X 270 mm, J
of which f.ll8v-120 are l^^fölt^ It belonged to the
Augustinian convent of S.Maria Incoronata at Milan
and in 1606 was given by the friars initT trust to
card.Pederico Borromeo.
f. 99-105: Preface,books I and II
Preceded by Bruni's Ethics Version with the prologue
and followed by Walther Biirley*s Ethics commentary
(Conclusiones super librum Ethicorum) •
Sources; Ezio ?ranceschini, *L* "Aristotele Latino" nei codici dell* Am-
brosiana», Miscell^nea Galbiati,vol.3 = Pontes Ambrosiani ,vol.27
(1951), 242 and note 5 ; Letter from dott.A.Paredi,Biblioteca Ambrpsi-
MILAN, Biblioteca Ambrosiana
Sussidio B.166 (0 S VI,1) Misc.(Bruni) Paper s.XV 278 fols
(160 X 230 mm.) Written by one hand for Marquis
Gian Ludovico Pallavicini (1425-1488) ,lord.of
Cortemaggiore • The first lea-fe was torn out of
the codex;Msgr. Franceschini presumes that it
might have had a miniature.
f.269-277v: Pref .ce,books I and II
Preceded by Bruni*s translations of the Ethics with|
the preface to Cosimo de* Medici and of the Poli-
tics.
Sources: Kristeller,Iter Italicum, 1,345; Ezio Pranceschini , »L* "Aristo-
tele Latino** nei codici dell* Ambrosiana* , Miscellanea Galbiati,
vol. 3 * Pontes Ambrosiani, vol. 27 (1951),242 rmd note 6; Letter
from dott.A,Paredi,Biblioteca Ambrosiana.
'•^.
"4*
r
m -ßw I -■■ f'
■ »'■«■•»^i'"^Fr^ 11 UV ■«piiiiPMi|i I
■ t'
C
Mss. of Bruni's OECONOMICA Version
* . * ' *
Vat.lat. 11 4-53 Sources: Lazzari
Pierre de Nolhac (The Library of Muret)
Ottob.lat. 1353 Correct in Original (description) : Sources
A.Campana,*Giannozzo •••• Ancona» , Italia
• Medioevale e Umanistica, II (1959) i 490-491
BARCELONA, Biblioteca Universitaria
752 (1-2-19; 20-2-18)
rewrite description according to catalogue by Miquel
Rosell
O
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Baron, 209-10
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L[JCCA,BiT3lioteca Grovernativa
1436 (L.148,rubro 139) Mise. cart. s.XV 196 fols, plus parch-
,ment flyleaves at the beginning and end Written by
various hands,among them GrUilleTmus Ruetichellus of
Pisa who copied the Plutarch versions by Bruni at Lueea
in 1425 (f.l50v) and in 1433 (f.l96v) The codex belon^
ed to Ser Piero Roncione (see Pisa,Biblioteca Universi-
taria,cod.690) who bought it on April 26,1466, and la-
ter (early 18th Century) to Martius Micheli,canon of
the cathedral at Lucca (who also possessed the Pisa
codex) and finally to Caesar Lucchesini (d,l832) ,direct-
or of the Biblioteca Governativa.
f. 101-106: Preface,books I and II
i i .V, r^
Vw^
■*H.v-.-,' «_•,
^■
'^yl. K^
■^1-
Preceded,ainong others,by Bruni »s De primo hello
Punico (title: De primo et secundo (sie) hello
punico), Invectiva contra ypocritas and followed,
among others,by Bruni *s letter to Marrassio Si-
culo (Mehus VI, 2 which Mancini could not find)
(V
c
FLORENCE, Biblioteca Nazionale II. IX. 15 •
322-324: Short Speeches of AeschlneSyDemades and Demosthenes
(Nihil habet fortiina) not translated by Briaii
Bertalot in Archivum Romanum,XV (1931), 303 =
Ludwig Bertalot, Forschungen über Leonardo Bruni
Aretino, Archivum Romanicum, vol. XV (1931),
284-323
Sabbadini »Antonio Pietro Marcello. Nuovo Archivio
Veneto,XXXI (1916),p. 62
n.3 Demosthenes: Oratio ,utrum
n. 4 AeBchines,Apud vos in questione ( Sabb ad ini, Nuovo Archi-
vio Veneto)
221-223
n.5 Aeschines (Reminiscor Atheniensee) Sabbadini JttiÄtit
n.
V
asarinw
VMMnHMIlHf*
1
« I *
>v} -vi) 1
I |-4. ^Cö
'' -H fifWvt'
^ t#-^^\K/uv^ '^ ' ^ n "^ - i :i ^ : _,
_[^JJl t-Cvnon^ X<Aaajl. rfW £/t)-»-^.-A>wU CjVv-v-^w»^ ( -j^ •^'+•3 -■^^''X) :?L
e:u-«;t^i
__ >Uw" ( -j^. -i-^a - ii;ji.y - ^-=
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— i
in
'l -m
i
' BAS«L.O»ff»atlioh# Bibliothek Ur UBiTtr9it««t«ood. AI VfM (f.VX,l,)
,X
X'
»In IVVia. tteht^iWr Prolog auf B1.144r/l44v^4if Oakonomik attf
Bl« 144t bis }Sbr,ohn9 Komontar***
. y
\i9\\9t ft9m, Or.Max Bnrokbardt of fabi^ajry 16,1954
FLORENCB,Bibliot*ca Na«ionala Central»
II, IX, 15 '^isc. cart. s.XV 361 fols. üriginel bUt raBOvatacL
binding?^ Krc^ the Pucci collection acquired in 1814
• ' . ■-- '^,' ■■ ' '
f.315-321: Praf8ce,books I and II *
among others / i '
Pracededjby Brufti* s versionsof Xanophon' s Tyrannus ana
Boccaccio* is Tanei*eä äf^ble end various lettersja'^ong the»« a
correspondence between ßruni and ^errasius Siculus Angel i-
'^ netum^ and followed by hift letter to the Doge on behelf
»> ' " '■"•■ —
of the priores «rtiu^ and his version of ♦♦Consiliuw
^ Atheniensiu*"" (Aeschines ?).
SourcesiMazzfltinti XI,259-260;Letter froai
"v^.x-
J-^U
r^-^
"i
a. \kC
Ä
i-s-% Wt-,. A-c {"Vv-^-x-.^ »V* e-4.
»>
l
i Mss. of Bruni's OfiCOHOMICA Version - Vatican - Description
VATICAN CITY, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana
Vat.lat. 11 453
Paper s.XV- XVI 71 folios (218 x UO) plus
one flyleaf; ff.ll-l5v; 31 r,v; 44 r,v; 59v;
61v-64v and 71 r,v are vacant The texte are
written by five different scri"beß,the Economics
by Silvester de Datiariis^^who signed at the end
t'lthe Bruni Version (f. 43) "1474. Barolij (^ = Bar-
letta3 transcripsi". The codex belonged orig-
inally to Antonius Caboga of Ragusa v/ho also
penned one part of the codex, then to Marc^AntoWx
Mnret (1526-1585) > the author of a commentary on
the Economic 8 version by Jacques Louis Strebte
(published posthiimously 1602) who left it to
the Jesuit Collegio Romano jlater tö P.Beck and
Pope Pius X who donated it in 1912 to the Vati-
can Library
f. 32-43: Preface,books I and II (Title of text : Economicae Aristo-
telis Traductio)
Preceded by Bruni *& In hypocritas oratio
'l Vh/i = ^^l ■' H^-*
( IT.-. -'•'
Sources: Lazzari
Pierre de Nolhac, ...~. . - /' *> ^ j-
E.Carusi,*Un ricordo dell'assedio di Scutari (an. 1474). Una sottoscrizio-|
ne storica dei cod.vat. 11453* f Miscellanea Giovanni Mercati,vol.5 (=
Studi e testi, 125 )f Vatican Oit;y ,1946, pp. 376-381 (on Silvester de Datiari-]
is Venetus and Antonius Caboga); Jos6 Ruysschaert, Codices Vaticani Lati-
ni, 11414 - 11709. Vatican City ,1959, PP.ÖO-82
1 •■
: •
5AS«L,O«ff«ntlioh0 BibXlotJti«k Ur UBiT9rtlt««t,o«d. AB lY A4 (F.YI.l.)
.x
X
"In F.Via> staht iWr Prolog auf B1.144r/l4iT^it O»konomik auf
Bl. 144t bis >l5>br,ohB# Komtntar.**
Letter ^oa Dr.Max Burokhardt of Fabitiary 16,1964
FLORENCE,Biblioteca Nazionala Centrale
II, IX, 15
»^isc, cart. s.XV 361 fols. Original btlt renovated
binding ' i Fro»^ the Pucci collection acquired in 1814
f. 315-321: Prefece,books I and II
among others / / , '
Precededby Brühl* s versionsof Xenophon* s Tyrannus ana
Boccaccio* 8 Tancred fable and various letters,a'»5ong the^ a
correspondence between ßruni and ^arrasius Siculus Angel i-
'^ netum^ and followed by hiiö letter to the Doge on behelf
^ • ■■■
of the prior* .^ artiu^ and his version of **ConsiliUTn
Atheniensiu'*'" (Aeschines ?).
3ources:%zz8tinti XI,259-260;Letter froai
x*^X.
J^-^^U.
yv-^i-
■^
^ \\.C . ■ ■^uJJ^ <^^..^ I-V^W-v
A-i,
^•»..-■♦-»M-*» Ä..» 1^4.
j;
* Mss. of Bruni's OfiCOHOMICA Version - Vatican - Description
VATICAN CITY, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticajna
Vat.lat. 11 453
Paper s.XV- XVI 71 folios (218 x 140) plus
one flyleaf; ff.ll-l5v; 31 r,v; 44 r,v; 59v;
61v-64v and 71 r,v are vacant The texte are
written by five different scriT3ee,the Economics
by Silvester de Datiariis^^who signed at the end
«<j, the Bruni Version (f. 43) '♦1474. Barolij {^ Bar-
letta] transcripsi" . The codex belonged orig^
inally to Antonius Caboga of Ragusa v/ho also
penned one part of the codex, then to Marc« Antone.
Muret (1526-1585) »the author of a commentary on
the Economic 8 Version by Jacques Louis Strebte
(published posthumously 1602) who left it to
tt itj.; «•■•.J.- ,-■■*•■■'*" ■>
the Jesuit Collegio Romano jlat er to P.Beck and
Pope Pius X who donated it in 1912 to the Vati-
can Libraiy
f. 32 - 43 J Preface,books I and II (Title of text : Economicae Aristo-
telis Traductio)
Preceded by Bruni* s In hypocritas oratio
V? A
Ml .- i\^-
( r..,.-., X^-':^
Sources: Lazzari "i
Pierre de Nolhac , _, , - . ,. ,.
E.Carusi,*ün ricordo dell'assedio di Scutari (an. 1474). Una sottoscrizio-
ne storica dei cod.vat. 11453* t Miscellanea Giovanni Mercati,vol.5 (=
Studi e testi,125),Vatioan Cit;y ,194 6, pp. 376-381 (on Silvester de Iiatiari-|
is Venetus and Antonius Caboga); Jos6 Ruysschaert, Codices Vaticani Lati-
ni, 11414 - 11709. Vatican C ity,19 59, PP. 80-82
\
BIBLIOTKCA APÜSTOLICA VATICANA
Vat.lat. 1494 f.65-68 B.Nogera, Codices Vaticani Latini 111,24-26
V Vat.lPt. 2096 f.l26v-134 Ermatinger.Ruysschaert
*^ Vat.lat. 2099 f. 87-92v Erma tinger, Ruysaciiaart
s^ Vat.lat. 2100 f.l93-198v Krme tinger
v/ Vat.lat. 2101
y Vat.lat. 2103
f. 166V-174 Ennatinger,Ruy8Scheert
f.90-95v Ermatinger,Ruy3Schaert
^ Vat.lat. 2108 f.216v-223 Erma tinger, Ruysschaart
^ Vat.lat. 3347
V Vat.lat. 4506
f.38v-56v Ruysschaert
f. 1_44 (Ermatinger did not find it) jRuysscheert
v/ Vat.lat. 4510 f. 114-126v Ermatinger; Ruysschaert
v/ Vat.lat. 5109
^V Vat.lat. 5144
v/ Vat.lat. 5336
N^ Vat.lat. 8750
^ Vat.lat. 11435
f.99-106v
f.ll8
f.l-(23v?)
f. 272-283
f. 33-43
Ermatinger, Ruysschaert
(Ermatinger did not find it) »Ruysschaert
Ermatinger, Ruysschaert
Ruysschaert
Ruysschaert (bis Codices Vaticani Latini 11414-11701
1959, p. 80-81)
^ Chig. J IV 118 f.72v-83 Ermatinger, Ruysschaert
^ Ottob.lat. 1348 f.38v-47v Ruysschaert
i^ Ottob.lat. 1398 f. l-16v Ermatinger, Ruysschaert
*^ Ottob.lat. 1705 f. 147-167v Ermatinger, Ruysschaert
^ Pal.lat. 1010 f.l56-163v Ermatinger, Ruysschaert
v/ Pal.lat. 1029
f. 1-9
^ Reg.lat. 1189 f.l-38v
^ Boss. 784
f. 62-75
Ermatinger, Ruysschaert
Ermatinger, Ruysschaert
Ermatinger, Ruysschaert
^^^.lat. 1326 f.l50v-160 Stornaiolo 111,267
Urb.lat. 1339 f.l3f-161 Stornaiolo 111,273-274
Jrb.lat. 1342
Stornaiclo 111,275
•-»-*■
BlbllotMa Vatleaj«
V«t. IH. : A5Z, onrt. rt,e. XT. 7' foU, ^^m a«t. mjyplied hj Prof. J. 1uy.«eh«^
and J« Soud«jl(9
in«» , «ith thc rr.facc. At the end, J.^74 li^/oli (?) t«„.cripel. '5-^1 (oth.r h«i*,
»»A«I>« .. XVI In.), «wcwt !te<a«»# «rMs jrlaordi» «. ^^k bro^/iaclw de.cript« «
»lt«q«, t qu«J.lt«t« ite^n« urbl«, }nc. ^«w« et *v^üi» duo fratrw fuoroiit.
ä;-<^1
fi/Go
r
II,
BIBLIOTKCA AP03T0LICA VATICANA
Vat.lat. 1494 f. 65-68
B,Nogara,Co<ilo«t Vatloani Latin! 111,24-26*
-->
Vat.l/'t. 2096 f.l26T-134 RrafttiBger,Ruys8chaart
Vat.lat. 2Ü99 f. 87-92v Krmatinger^Ruyasolia^rt
Vat.lflt. 210C f.l93-198v Kraetingar
Vftt.lat. 2101 f.l66v-174 Erna tinger, Ray iicheart
Vflt.lat» 2103 f.90-95T Krma tinger, Ruysschatrt
Vat.lPt. 2108 f,216v-223 Krmfl tinger, Ruysschaart
Vat.lflt* 3347 f.38r~56v Rnyssoh^art
Vataat. 4506 f.1-44 (Krmatinger did not find it) ;RTiy88chpert
Vat.lat, 4510 f.ll4-126y Knnatinger;Rxiy»schaert
Vpt.lat. 5109 f.99~106y Ermatinger,Ruy88chaert
Vat.lat. 5144 f.ll8 ^Ermatinger dia not find it) ,Ruy88Chaert
Vst.lfft. 5336 f.l-(23v?) ErnP tinger ^Rxiyasclißert
Vat.lat. 8750 f. 272-283 Ruysschaert
Vet.lat. lU^i f.33-43 Ruysschaert (hia Codices VaticPni Latini 11414-1170f|
1959, p. 80-81)
Chig. J IV 118 f.72v-83 Ermatinger,Ruy88ohaert
Ottob.lat. 1348 f.38y-47v Ruyssohaert
Ottob.lat. 1398 f.l-16v
Erma tinger, Ruysschaert
Ottob.lat. 1705 f.l47-lß7T Ermatinger, Ruysschaert
Pal.lat. 1010 f.l56-163v Erma tinger, Ruysschaert
Eal.lat. 1029 f. 1-9) Brraa tinger, Ruysschaert
Reg.lat. 1189 f.l-38v
Ross. 784
^r^.lat. 1326
f. 62-75
Erma tinger, Ruyssohaert
krmatinger, Ruyssohaert
f.l50Y-160 Stornaiolo 111,267
ürb.lat. 1339 f.l3f:-161 Stornaiolo 111,273-274
Urb.lat. 1342
Stornaiolo 111,275
Yatioan lit8,of Bmnl' s gponomios Vtrsion Pcoordlng to Dr>ChTl»i J,Er«atlng»r
2415
2416
2416
2416
2416
2416
2440
2468
2469
2476
2710
2738
2812-13
3410
3027
Tat* Ist. 2096 (ff. 12f.Y-154r): Prefaca,booki 1 and II
Vat. lat. 2099 (ff. 87r--02v) : Pr9fcee,book8 I and II
Vat. lat. 2100 (ft. 193p-.198t): Prefaoe.books I and II
Vat. lat. 2101 (ff. 166y-174r): Prafao9,book8 I and IlfComantary on both
books in th« margins
Vat. lat. 2103 (ff. 90r-95v) : books I and II
Vat. let. 2108 (ff. 217r-223r): Prefaca, books I and II
Vat. lat. 3347 ("Wa do not havs Vat. lat. 3347")
Vat. lat. 4506 ("Doas not eontain Koonomlcs translation**)
Vat. lat. 4510 (ff. 114r-126v): Prefaca, books I and II
Vat. lat. 5109 {tt* 99r~106v): Prefeoe, books I and II
y-O. ]/.. •^■U> j-<i-
^lA'^
Vat. lat. 5144
('•Seems not to eontain Koonomics translfltion") P.O.K, gires
ff.l05-jll8
3071
3076
2898
l-^-^i^
2941
3297
Vpt. lat. 5336 (ff.lr-23v?) : Prefpoe, books I and II,oommentary on book I
anu perhaps on book II
Vat. lat. 8760 (ff.272-283) : (No infomation requasted from Enaating^r beoaU8<|
P.O.K. giTas «xhaustive d&scription)
Chig. J. IV 118 (ff. 72v-83r): Preface, books I and II,commentcry on books
I and II
Ottob. lat. 1705 (ff. 147rt-165v): Pr»fac8|book8 I and II,oomm8ntary on books
I and II
Ottob. lat. 1348 (ff.38v--47r) : (ifo informPtion r^quastad from Ermatinger ba-
oausa P.O.K. giv8S fall Information)
Ottob. lat. 1398 (ff, livlör): Prafac», books I and Il.oonmantary on books I,II
Pal, lat. 1010 (ff. 155r-163y): Prafaoa, books I and II,(ooiam*ntary on books
I and Il^possibly incomplet9,in margin
Pal. lat. 1029 (ff. lTu.9r) : Preface, books I and II
Rag. lat. 1189 (ff. 1»-38t): Prefaoe, books I and Il^ooiumentary on books 1,11
Ross. 784 (ff.62r-75r): Preface, books I and II,coinmentary on books I and 11
Tatioan Mst. of Brtini* ■ OBCONOMICA ▼•raiOB eocording to Prof. J, Rays toha»rt
Vat.lat. 2096
V«t,let. 2099
Vat.lPt. 2101
Vat.lat. 2103
Vfit.lPt. 2108
Yat.lat. 3347
maabr« 465 f. Saao.XV
Vet.lat. 45C6
Vat.lPt. 4510
YPt.lat. 5109
Vat.lftt. 6144
Vftt.lat. 5336
Vat.lPt. 8750
Vat.lf't. 11453
(Baa la f.l: Amas da Nioolaa V
(1447-1461) )
membr. 92 f.
maabr. 174 f.
Saeo.XY
Saac.XV
mvmbr. 208 f. Saac.XY
mambr. 223 f. Saec.XY
maabr. 56 f. 1425 (cf.f.66^)
MCCCCXXV ii« nanerls./ Llbtr francieci benini »icolej
filij de Radolfinlj. quea YI® / Kl JuniJ tranacribenai
axplanit. Sint gratia dao. / (autr» ^critara:) Hie liber
deatitit assa priorls doainj VI nonas nertias capitqua
9SS9 nioolal / Sojllaoij quem aalt duobas viooptis Maasana.
anno post paat^a «edetaa / c.acylpcii Cyrographum.
Bruni' 8 O^CONCMICA Version - f.38Y-56v:Prefrce,book I,
conaentary on book X,book II,ooaaentary on book II
mambr.
f. 1-44 :
136 f. Saec.XY
Prefaca,book8 I and II,oo --mentPries on both booka
(Krmatinger did not finu it) ; the remeinder of cod,
e
"taxtas relatifa X las conciles du s.XV s**
Chart. 126 f. Saec.XY
Chart. 200 f. Saec.XY
aembr. 130 f. Saec.XY
f. I '.Est aal Jois franclsci / asaalj Aduocati/
▼anatj
f. 118 : Prafaoe (six lignes de texte)
Chart. 72 f. SaecXY ( a rasa d: "1470 (f. 72^)")
(description identical with yours)
Ohart. 1.71 f. 1474
"D^crit dans aon oatalo<^e Codices Vatioeni Latini
11 414 - n 709,Cit4 du Yptican,1959,p.80-.81
f.33-43:Books I and II. f.43: 1474. Carolj transcripsi'
Brunl*a OKCONOMXCA in Yotican Mss« ; R«y8S0hA«rt
- 2 -
vat.chigi j.ivaie
Ottob.lat. 1348
Ottob.lat. 1398
Ottob.lat. 1706
Pal.lat. lOlC
Pal.lat. 1029
(identioal wlth your datcription) •
ohart. 149 f. saao.XV^ :
f.58v-47v: Praf^oa,booka I and II
(identicPl wlth «our dasoription)
ohart. 165 f. «aao.XY
ohart. 167 f. aaeo.XV
f. 156-163v: Books I and Il^comraantaries on both books
in margin (Krar tinger w/^s uncertain^btit •
founa on f. 155 r,T:PröfPce)
membr. 11.165 f. aaec.XV , *
(Pollowing Baron I had stßted; '»Writtan by Manetti*» to
which RuysschPart rapli»a:"Ce mnnuscrit n*»3t pas
^orit par Uanetti** and oitaa f.I :Jonnocij manettj«
f. II :Gie»ooij manattj)
Rag.lat. 1189
membr.
38 f. saao.XV
Rosa. 784
Chart.
91 f. aaec.XY
AHISTOTüILIS OKCONOMICORÜM LIBRI DUO. LEONARDO ARETINO IHTERPRSSTE,
1, PRAEFATIO: Preclosa sunt Interdum pexrl corpori8,,.NuQC ad teartum
Arletotells venlamas.
2» LIBER PRIMUS; Res faoiliarls et res publica Inter se differunt,..8lo
eniffl parata non requirentur«
3, LIBER SECUNDUS: Probam mullerem omnlbus quae sunt Intus •••mul tum etlam
ad uxorem et flllos et parentes.
4. OOMTfüNTARIUM SUPER PRIMÜM LIBRUMi Res famillarls et respubllca Inter se
dlfferunt. Dlxlmus supra In prooemlo« • «hulusmodl dictum
▼alet«
5, OOMirSNTARIUM SUPER SECUN3XJM LIBRUM: Probam oul lerem omnlbus« In rel
famillarls dlsclpllna conslderatlo habetur, ».quod
antecesslt In llttera.
OSCOKOKIOOHUM ABISTOTSLIS LIBELLI COM CXSKM'mAHIIS LSONAKDI ARZTINI
PRAEFATIO IN LIBBÜK OECONOMICOHOM ASISÜOTELIS AD OOSKAM MEDICBM
Pretioea ennt interdiim paral corporlti lapllll geaunaeque testantur.»
• ••noe (ut opinor) nostris uocabulis titi m&gis decet quam allen! 8.
Nunc ad t ext um Aristo teil 8 uenlaimi8*
15CONOMI00Rm LIBER PRIMtJS A LUOKAHDO AHOTINO IN LATINUM CONVBBSUS.
Res fafflillaris A res publica int er se dlfferunttnoneolum qxiftntum domus
St cluitas« Haec enim sunt earum sublecta»*
• •ad rectum uero U8um instrumentorum illud Laconicum ualet: singula
suo loco iacere. Sic enim pareta non requirentur«
OECOITOMICOKÜM LIB13R SSCVNDÜS ARISTOTELIS^
Probam mulierem omnibu8:quae sunt intus dominarl oporteticuramque
habere omniun secundum praescrlpta leges««»
• •quapropter & priuatim & publice decet eumrqui vitam agit ad omnes
de08 hominesqtie respicere, multum etiam ad uxorem & filios & parentes«
C0MMS!3TAHIUM LSONAEDI APIfriNI SUPER LIBROS OEOONOMIOORÜM ARISTOTELIS
OOieMTARIUM STJPIK PRIMOM LIBRÖM OECONOMICORÜM ARISTOTELIS
RES PAI^LIARIS ET res publica int er se differunt // Diximus supra in
prooemio quam graeci politicaro uocanttnos app&llare rem publioam.^
• ,8ed ad caetera quoque et ad separationem fructum & allarom rerum;
puta uestium uirilium ad mulieribus & caetera huiusmodi dictum ualet.
OOKi^NTARItm SUPER SECUNBUM & ULTIMUM LIBRUM OEOONOMICORUM ARISTOTELIS«
PROBAM I^ÜLIEREM OMNIBUS // In rei familiarls disciplinae consideratio
habetur personarom & rerum, Personae sunt ex quibus constat domus« •
• ••dixit pro primo St ideo dielt nuncrsecundum referendo ad illud etat im»
quod antecessit in littera«
11
ARISTÜTKLIS O^COKÜMICüRUk LI13RI üUÜ. LKÜi^ARDO ARKTIWO iriTERPKETE \
1. FRAEFATIO: Preciosa sxuit Interdum parvl corporis, • «Nunc ad tozttui
Arlstotells venlantis«
2. LIBER PRIMUS: Res famillaris et res publica Inter sc differunt.»
sie enim parat a non requirentur.
3. LIBER SECUNDUS: Probain mulierem Omnibus quae sunt intus. ••mul tum
etiam ad uxorem et ad filios et parentes.
4. COMMENTARIÜM SUPER PRIMUTJl LIBKUM: Res familiaris et respublica
inter se differunt. Diximus supra in prooemio. .huius-
modi dictua valet«
5. COMMENTARIÜM SUPEK SECUNDUM LIBRUM: Probam mulierem Omnibus. In
rei familiaris disciplina consideratio habetur. . .quod
antecessit in littera.
1. Leonardi Aretini Praefatio in librum oeconomicorum Aristotelis ad
Cosmam Medicem.
2. Oeconomicorum über primus a Leonardo Aretine in latinum conversus.
3. CommentaritUB Leonardi Aretini super secundum et ultimum librum
Oeconomicorum Aristotelis.
< i.
II
ARXSTOTELIS 0£OOHOMICORUH LZBRI DUO* LEONARDO ARETI170 INTERPRSTS#
X« PRAEFAüIOi Preoiosa sunt interdum parvi oorporl8»»«9tmo ad
taxtum ArlstotellB veziiarnua«
2« LIBER PRIMÜSi R#8 faaiXiaris et res publica int er 8« diff^runt
• ••Bio enim parata non requixentur«
3* LIBER SECUHDUSi Probam muliereia Omnibus quae sunt intus« •
et ad uzorea et ad filios et parentes«
4« EXPLANAITIO IN LIBRUU PRIMUUt Res fazailiaris et respublioa inter
se differunt* Dlximus supra in prooemio««huiusoiodi
dictum valet*
5* EXPLANATIO IN LIBEUM SECUNDUM: Probam mulierem omnibus« In rei
familiaris disciplinae oonsideratio habetur« ••quod
antecessit in littera»
Der Haupttitel mag anders lauten und die Vorrede und die beiden
Bücher mdgen eigene Titel haben« Ein häufiger Titel der Vorrede ist
*Leonardi Aretini in libros oeconom^oorum Aristotelis ad Cosmua
lledicem praefatio (prolo£rus)"« Würden Sie bitte die Titel andeuten
unäi ebenso Abweichungen in den Textproben« In der Vorrede z«B« kannte
nach "corporia** *munuacula" folgen bevor der Sats mit *qupd lapilli
genmaeque testantur* endet« Herzlichen Dank«
il
Taradlti-iin
« VW#4;Ä»«'fl
«♦»
^ii 4i@ttm^ vi^ltt«
»t CüM^if^HiiM i^^^Ea ssöroi:?iiM MiiiiB «
Frol^em r.ttll0r0# ös^itsm»*
I« r«i fa^illi-rsfiB dIsoipIlTisi eoniiiileratid hat»«*-
'Xruälti0n
5€« -
l^ay^m $Ui.er mtimm ll^xm aoia#ti«» ,Sfgf^^t.|^y^^|i^ i,;Ml] ffW^y If^**
/
l
Tradition
• 65 •
JCoIb|OSB (B^nldlktlnerabtel Ottol>6iuren), I)r«Hana Lu^lttng (Deutsehe
. .. ' .* ■ . ■ f .' ■
'♦ * - •
, Staatsbibliothek)! Dott.Berta Maracohl (Blblloteoa Hlocardlana)^
Bev^Prof •Florencio Marcos (Salamanca), DottfLueilla MarJÜni (BlbliO*|
teca Angellca), Dott#Olga Marinelll (Perugia), Br.Francols Masal
(Mbllothique Boyale de Belgique), Dott^Dbaldo Meronl (Mantova),
^ Slgnora) E.Havalll Modotil (Blblloteoa nationale Marolana)» Dott^Bla«'
ga Mosulli (Blblloteoa Angellca), Dr •Manfred Müller (Württeaibergl-^
sehe Landesbibliothek), Mr^Wallace Hethery (TJniverslty of Southern
^ CalifoxTilayLos i^ui^eles), Hev^Canon anä Fxof^Dr «Joseph Nowackl (Poz«-
nan), Dott.Axigelo Paredl (Blblloteoa Ambro s lana ) , Mr.H^V^Plnk (ünl-
verslty Iilbrary,Caffibrldse), Dott#01sa Pinto (Eome), Br^Reglnald
(Stlftsblbiiothek Melk), Mr»AtB#Scott (Bodlelan Library), Dott»
Giovanni Slmoaato (Palermo ), Dr •K«C*SiQail (Sldney Sussex College,
Cambridge), Slgnorlna Bianca Toschl (Areaao), Dr^Franz ünterklrcher
(Oesterreichi: che Hationalbibllothek), »r.Vladliidr Zavodsky (Prague*|
Strahov) and the llbrarians of the ünlverslteltsblbliotheek, leiden,
the Blblioteca E9tense,Modena, the Biblioteca Palat Ina, Parma, the
Blblloteoa Comunale,l*revlso, and the Blblloteka ünlwersytecka,T;roo-
law. Mr^Kenneth Freyer and Mrs.Ruth Oakley of the Queens College
Library deserve ay wärmest acknowledgment of thelr help so freely
given •
-i:t.> ♦■
Scheol zu berichten und das hätte uns beide doch sehr interessiert. loh
»v^ -.^"i^i- «^ »vermute, daß Sie in Santangelo zu sehr mit dem Meereswasser und dem Aufsau-
gen von Sonnenstrahlen beschäftigt waren, um auf unsere alte Korrespondenz
zurückzugreifen. Wir können das verstehen; an der rauhen Höhn sind Sie Ja
0^
^Ui
Vu
r«0'
II
nicht mit Sonnenschein so verwöhnt 'wie wir hier, wo man manchmal mit etwas
^weniger Bestrahlung^ auskomm^^n könnte. Ich vor allem; mich blend'^^t die Son-
ne, besenders in den Sommermonaten, und ich verschiebe meine Spaziergänge
'•'euf den Ab^nd. wenn Sretel. -9Sl>t5t»i^gfeJ»i»n.n >ug.n»8JS?)i ÜSeJSS««?«!,»'^
„i,lenden Horizont; an j f>dem Punkt hier oben sieht sie die ganzen ISO^' , zumeist
in leuchtenden Farben.
■A
Vielleicht können Sie nun nach Ihrer Rückkehr auf den ßriefplan zurück-
kommen. Wir würden uns freuen. Dann aber, so fürchten wir, sina sie wieder
in die Arbeit eingesponnen, die Ja trotz aes in Reittrswiesen langsamerem
Tempo Ihre Krpft in Anspruch nimmt. Ich selbst verschiebe deshalb meine
persönlichen Briefe auf den Landaufenthalt. Nur diesmal, wo es mir zumeist
nicht so gut ging, ,8chob ich aen meinen an Sie auf den letzten Moment.
i i-
/ •.. ^-^ • w.
.?.'.
;•. i'x .
i
0?l"iO'-,-. . . .
■ ».
Xl
! V>
i- •»: '
! 'i
* i, i. ■-'' X '.■ /
\! ■
> ' '.
• •-' K-
'^■jIx^j-:/'' v6>i''
^ oA •
• •
Tradition
.. ; • • V ; >
( r <■<,« .*,;
-62 •
lioteca Hacionaly Madrid) for providin^ sie with detailed dascrip^
•{
f ?■*■■'
*■ . •■ # , f
;.> ^ "f ^
tiong of iteas in their collectlone, to Doc#Dr»2tarian Pelczar
(Gdensk) for establishlng for me oontacts otitaide his library, to
• . . . . ., ...... t
k'onslgnor Jos^ Ruysachaert (Serlptor et the Vatican Library) whosa
Eiagnanimouß help axceedad by fax what I was entitled to expect, to
rott.Imia Merolle Tondl (Blbliotaca Madicea Laurenzi^ma) who assist*
ed me generously in so many different and tmexpected ways so as to
assure correctnesa in loy bibliojjraphy, and Klle»Jeanne Vielliard
(Institut de* Recherche^ et d'Hiatoire des Textes, Paris) who aided
my work with her personal initiative and the assistance of her re-
sourceful staff • I also feel indebted to the following librari^^n»
and scholars who answcred my inquiriea to an extent beyond the call
of dutyj Dott.Ü^o 3aronoelli (Brescia), Prof «Äi^Bersano Begey {Tori-
no), Prof n/ilberto Broglio (Rovi^o), Dr^Butziuann (Wolfenbüttel),
Dott, Attilio Carosi (Biblioteca rrovinciale,Viterbo), Prof. Adolfo
Getto (Xrento), Sig» Valentin© Chiocchetti (Rovereto), Dott« Domeni-
CO Corsi (Archivio di Stato,Lucca) , Dott.Giuseppe Cortesi (Ravenna)
Prof# Don Ireneo Daniele (Biblioteca del Seminario VescovilepPado-
va) , I)r»Charles Si* Srmatinger (Vatican Miorofilm Library, Saint
Louis), Mrs «Irena Fabiani-Madeysica (Gdansk), Dott.Pieri*ina Fontana
(Biblioteca Casanatense), Dott» Marta Friggeri (Biblioteca Governa-
tiya,Lucoa), Bott^Gino Garosi (Siena),Bott «Alberto Giralai (Bibli-
oteca ü^aiäionale Centrale , Flor enoe), Br »Hermann M.Goldbrumier (Deut-
sches Historisches Institut,RoBie), Dott# Guerriera Guerrieri (i^ap-
les), Dr.Hennig (üniversitaetsbibliothek, Freiburg i.Br»), Dr«W»
Boerznann (Bayerische Staatsbibliothek), Dr#J»Hornung (tlniversitaets-
bibliotheic, Tübingen), Dr.Wolfgang Irtenkauf (^lirttemb ergische han-^
desbibliothek) , Dr#Kem (Badische Landesbibliothek), Pater Aegidius
.5> -
V i.Vl4u ^..^•.i' . ^ ^' ic
=:9tO^ -
September 1968
h ,'
äXi
'A'^..-
1 t,^ ■ .
'<►-•• '.,■ ■J'.V ■ J»
•;••• '■
Economic s 27: CONEMPORARY INTEHNATIOML ECONOMIC PRÜ13LEMS
Töxt: Walter Krause, International Economics. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co.,
•' ^'•
!y':'i.-^".\':"^:'->,t') ??>>
r
1965
I, The Position of the United States in the World Economy
l ' V
/•"■
i\i
3f I
X- A. The Significance of U.S. Foreign Trade ; .,.i ^t^ ^ i** ^
1. Por the Amf?rican Economy '\, ".. 1 , » •. .i;v.v i.-
;• ^ a, Misl»ading avera,^es: the anntial rates of Imports, 4^ of the
national income, and of exports, 5^ of the national income
reflect ^
of rosources
(l) correctly the abundence and div^rsity of an industrial
country, but
(a.)
(s) incorrectly the need for imports ana exports as well as
tu, (t)
tÜeir magnitudes and importance for segm^nts of the economy,
b. The N^ed for Imports ^^^■•''^■^''■^"'- ■'""'— ''^■"" ■■'-"• ■ — •■ — ^^^-
ahiatM in the fact that all or large portiona of particular vita l
'^ item s must be imported for
(1) defense Industries: chromite, cobalt, nickel, tin
(2) peacetime Industries: industrial diamonds, metals for alloys,
asbestos for friction equipment; raw wool, timber-products
(3) maintaining a certain Standard of living: tropical food (ba-
nanas, coffee, tea) ; industri?! materials (quebracho for tan-
ning; rubber)
(4) Substitution vs. cost: most items in (l) and (2) carniot be
substituted; äöme in (2), like paper Containers through plastic con-
talhersy rubber through synthetic rubber „-"tropical fooa only at hi?h
** wpsieful
cost, denoting'*money cost" as well as "real cost" tcy reallocation of
resources (construction of hothouses instead of orainary housing)
(5) political nonsiderations: some items in (2) like wool and in
{?>) trSpical food afford highly specialized countries with a favorable
factor combination a bssis for economic development.
c. The Need for Exports
(1) Exports are peyments for imports
•■^
fraditlon «*• Kotes
* 22m -
EI9 nQ9% famptxs coiniBentary 1» th« one on Valerlus Maylinui op*»
pled fre^uently in th« 14th and 15th eanttirles« He ia also rt»
ported to have wrltten oommentatles on the Arlstotalian Pol^i^
^. tics and Poatloa ♦ <f ♦A>F]rabrieina^ Blbllothaca I^atiiaa Media» tt
Infimae Aetatia t I (riorence, 1852 )| 281 eltes the Chroftle^^eif by
the Oerman Atiguatlnlan Johannes Schiphower aa Hia aouroe for the
notion that Dlonlgl authored Arietetle eomßentaries» Walter
GoetztKoenljg Bobert von Neapel (1309->1543)> Seilte ^e^reoenlleh^
kelt tmd sein Verhafiltnis gm» Btoaniaama^ (!mbln«en,1910)p59|
Süairjorle A»Berlineoiirt« The Commentary on Valerlias Maylam» by
DlonyalBa de Buxgo Sanctl Sei^ulchri and its XnXluenoe uwn la*>
tey C9cimentari(?« (lale dia8ertationpl954,typeaorlpt)t6 and Ru«^
dolph ArbeaMann|0#S#A«i*X)er Aogustlnereremltenorden rmä der Be«*|
^inn der humanlstl sehen Beweganic^ » A»iyuatlnlaiia > IXV (Louvain^
1964 ),fa»c #1-2 ip #264 aocept thls notlon althou^h no coplea ot
theaa two Aristotle commentaries by Monlgl have tnmed np thuaj
far* D »A^Perini^o #s»At > Biblioj?raplila Anfmatlnlana * SerJj>ptoree
Itallcl » II (Florenoetl931)t26-28 adds in his Hat of writing»
by Dlonlgl to the two isentioned Aristotle eoimnentariea the aup«-|
V^^^^ Eeonomioa ooEHEientary on the atrength of the 0^1495 Tovt^
louee print* I am indebted to the Rev»Father Francis Beth«0#S*
A#tdireotor of the Aiaguatinian fiietorieal Ina ti tute »Uew Xork^
for adviaing me on thia literature« «* let apart from the laolc
of any authoritative atatesient to the effeot that Bipni^i haa
written a n Beono»iüs eomientaryythe text as printed in the 0«
1495 edltion - the librarlan of the tJniversity Libraa:^ at Gre-
noble was kind enough to make available to ©e the miorofilm of
.* r <.
\
Eco 27 - 2 -
«4 *^7 j; Wi*^ |2) IJIxports fls 80Ti:rcds öf «inployment i^nd butlets for **surpluses'*:
i \^ «^c^y /'i.T .. *w*. ,2lär (a) sources of emploympnt: ^ of national income eqnals in-
.««5,
V-«—
fj''i»'l.^$<.: i-/;''
'•. ,.\
••' 1 <■■*■■;
..•> .ü«'' i't]
i^''^'.X*'ff>
\ , ,f -
" > ■■ i
*■ *
■ •*■...
< .. f
■. >.^-'i' *•>■ V r ;'
(l) 3 milln. workers involvd directly wSXh the production
of export erticles;
^<i *■
■:^%'' ^
(2) significent percenteges in specialized induatries:
14^ in Chemicals, 15^ in Machinery, 10^ in Scienti-
.!"■-
..,%.
fic instnunents
(3) employment of supplier of rew materials . Services
for export industries ana employment of producers of liveli-
hood of employees, primarily ana secondarily engaged in'^export
Cb) outlets for "stirpluses" :
■ ,*t>. • •
(1) menufacturing: sinoe level of prorWotian (machinery)
oan be adjustf J**^3t»dJ6f ifii^fiI^8i^3JiS iSSJä^Rduoe the lerel
and thereby increese the por- unit cost which under condition
of elastic demancL forces prices and profit margins down
(2) agriculture: since l^vel of otitput of a partic^Jlar
commodity with a high rate of exportable surplus (.?0^ in wheat
cannot be reduced from withii^tnX 5nSBItiyJ"^a chronic surplus
regardless of the price for its demand-inelastic product cre-
etes '•excess capacity" which calls for government control
of capacity or pürchase and storage of surplus.
U {
•\
'^-.irv^'^G^
■.'YJ
(3) incorr ctly the demätid f or U. 3. exportable items and
ät, the Position of their ASni!?lc?Sfi?s®£8^?¥Xw of international
y .,. subsidiaries of U.S. firms.
(3) incorrectly the demand for U.S. exportable item» and
; r, vf> the Position of the their fflanufaotarers in the world econony
vt /
^J* ^^ :^\ ' 'Ä » ■■ . .^^^^ «lA...
!
Tradition - Hot««
• 27 f
91
a
the Biblloteea tJnlversitarjl..<& of Bologna the fpomoisio» (59) li
followod hy Sen«oa's hibrX Benlf ioiorma whlle in ood# 29 438
iM5«Mdl*C«264j of the Bodlelan Library th« s£trr« work by Senooa
precedes the Keonoiplca (26) j in eo(t«114 of th« Biblioteoa de Ift
Ottiversidad «t Siladrld thero are feetwcen the Portio 3 and fiooy i-
Qg^icB tr&nalatlons by Baruni Seneca*8 Da r^ffiodii« for^uitorm»
and th« sptirlou^ oorresj^oridence b©tw«jn Seneea and St »Faul*
Qn the aaoription to Baruni of the öuarino vsrsioii of 00 liboria
edticandiy (f •289«'5lO) »nd on the oonfuÄion of the Ec^nojRJoe Ver-
sion by Bruai (f •272ir*284),which Uon»ignoT Ruysischaert kindly
insL'ectöd för iseiwith Vergerio's 3)c imt^RUis moribug cf» H»
'* v »« i Kw iihI h iimwi—ikW I i I II I i i iMii i i w ii n i i i»!! II iiiiiiii»iiii»m»w«»«i«m«iii«
Barontl«ö*»|>»lB5} on th® cod«^ which M>naignor Kiiyaschaert de-
scribföd to me and on itd »oribe of* A#Cm^pana|*Gianno^EO Manet«*
tifClriaco e X'arco di fraiano ad Ancona\ yedl^evaXia et itamtn -
iatioa » II (1959)f490-'491# - Cod#Houv.aoq#lat#650 of the Biblio*
thl^^iA« tiationale with the Ouarino verni^n (f ♦20-41v),erroneoua-*
ly a^cribcsd to Bruni^ls briefly descrlb€d,without correction of
thl;c Bistake, by H.#0iBO]fit,*Houve.lles AOQUifjitions du d^parti^ent
ii^% manuserits de la BibXiothlque nationale pendelt lee ann^es
1896-1897*» jBibliQthStme de Vmol^ dee Ch&rte3 «vQl#59 {1698)t
9>94. - i'he three texte In cod. 17 405 (B'Orville 525) of the
Bodleian Library wer© penned by a Johannes Pottere de i;irioeee
nt BoxDö» Ver/eerio*ß De ing:@ntxi8 moylbuf (f«l*26v) was dritten
in 1454 and the coplee of the i:conoiüios vereion (f .27-»51) and
Of the toarino vcrsion of De XiberJs edtioBTidia {f ♦51v*'67) wert
C02n|.Xet©d on 14 February 14*36/57 (F^Madan, ^. Sttg?g>i>,ry CataXo^ue ,
IV (1897), 154) • - In coö, 7X sup* of the Blblioteea Ambrosia-
'm ms 176 -^cj^ SwcUt C^&oA S£Att--3i//lr)
/
\
.es^axcU
cm
cV Mo-k.'
s
S
culation (1441, 1459, 1461, 1468 twice, 1472, 1474, 1488) . ^/t
V, --^^ ^^ - ^^^^^
is furthermore^^orth noting that (iTJcopies of-«*w Durand^ version
from the (Ist^ Century were either djrTiaiwij" written in Gennan>f(l)
.. -'^~~^ -..-.,-—.. ^^ v^ (7->'^i---- Q^
or possibly there (^Jor -^«jlwiWy. in Bohemia (J) and that of the
other (10; only one was certainly penned in Italy and the remain-l
ing nine probably in Italy, Francs or '"in In. i^ i i liliIüi Iluiu
•hßgr Hnf-n^Mdnw T .MUmia»aiM— »atF Ci in ÜLLtiily j^^ Bruni version "" ' Z.
W-.
r
Dr* Josef Soudek
c/o Miss Edith Patrick
Diamond Point, N.Y. 12824, 20. August 1967
Dear Professor Bowsky s
I have read so far the text of my monograph (pp. 7 3-1 35)
as edited by you and I wish to submit to you some comments
and questions. Since your answers to some of the latter
will settle whatever doubts remain in my or in your mind,
I am sending a copy of this letter to Miss Faulkner so that
you may take up these matters directly with her.
\f 1. Titlepages I retyped this page because there were
two mistakes in your copy ("Study ..." instead of "A Study
...•• in the subtitle and my first name was misspelled). I
mentioned it already to Miss Faulkner that I am writing my
first name Josef and not Joseph.
/
^
7^
/
^trSA^^l
/
• .
. Liber Oecono- ß^f'^^^
1
\/ 2. A misprint on p.80, line 4:
which was overlooked by all of us. *'
^ 3* Your suggestions of changes: with a few exceptions
were enthusiastically endorsed by me. Although I approved
them on the red slips, I want to enumerate them: pp. 84,
86, 87, 88, 89, 91-93, 103, 105a, 119, 129, 130.
\/4. 'Supers er iption* in lieu of 'suprascription' : and
the corresponding verb appeal to me more than the expres-.*-*"
sions which two readers had suggested to me. Please, make
these changes on p. 84, lines 18 and 22, and on p. 120,1.22
\/ 5* The use of the comma and period before final Quota-
tion mark (*»)? on p. 96, line 12: "commentary," and line
17- "the philosopher." and on p. 127, 1.15? "auctoritates,"
look unusual to me. But this is probably ignorance on my
part.
§J^^'-
^'■■>
N
6. Correction of a quotation: on p. 133, line It
advice of ...". Is it permissible to correct the text of
• •
Soudek
- 2 -
an author which one cites ?,.^ fTKe author was a born Sc^^-
man). ..^-^ f {^ t\j C> lj}t^ ^^^ ^^^'^^^^
V7. Pöblet (Spain): Yott-eUggest the spelling "Poblete*»
on p. 100, line 5 and on p. 118, line 8. In Engl ish-r Ameri-
can reference works (also in a guide to Spain [Fodor, 1959,
p. 219 J) I found invariably my spelling of the name of this /1/?*
famous convent. But you know better. ^ La^-M^ ^f'Tf^^^ Af^"'^!
V 8. Franciscus Benimarar-ttr*'1fedolfinis: Prof. Kristeller
suggested this form for the scribe's name as on^p. 99, line
3. Therefore, the name should have been written like this
on p. 87, lines 2-3 and on p. 86, line 20 (there the ♦♦Nico-
laus*» should be deleted), The scribe signed his name in
the explicit of his copy (Cod. Vat.lat. 3347, fol. 56v) as
follows: "Liber francisci benini Nicolaj filij de Redolf-
inio " .
9. Date of the commentary on the Ethics in the Stras-
bourg print of 1469 (GW 2367)? on p. 122, lines 19-20 :
April 10, 1469 (not Tuly 3,1469)« I made somewhere eise
the mistake in the parenthesis, I think in the note, I
checked once more the date a id I shall revise the note ac-
cordingly . - - '■- ■ • - - ^'"" ~- -
V 10. Correction of sentence on p. 95, lines 18-19?
** ... who could afford to practice virtue and, as Brxini
assured him, managed his riches in a praiseworthy fashion
land enlarged them with honesty ". To cut out the "d's"
md thus connect the verbs with '*could afford to" would.
r^\Ui
in my thinking, change the meaning of the sentence' in dis-
favor of Cosimo.
V 11. "Fifteenth Century": as suggested by you on p. 75,
line 15 is preferable to my "one Century indicated above".
But since the Century referred to is 1420-1520 should it
not read : "f if teenth and early sixteenth centuries" ?
t
y
y
Soudek
- 3 -
^^
/l2. My scntence on p. 93> lines 5-10 soimds awfuls I
awggest a different sentence on a separate sheet and please,
v^elp me to make it better.
^13. Two sentences on p. 88, lines 9-14: *»1447 is the
iearliest availa"ble date ••• dates from this year" rather
thän **dates from 1447" ? I reproduce the sentences on a
separate sheet. Kindly,decide whether my Suggestion is ac-
/
\j
ceptable.
14. Statement on p. 121, lines 7-8: »»to the las t twp
decades of that Century" may be more correct than "the last
decade".
15« Repetitious beginnings of two consecutive sentences
0n p. 132, lines 5-11: "Thus, it is logical that in some
jbodices a copy of the Barbaro treatise should be found next
i /to Bruni's version of the Economics. Thus, for example, the
\j
texts in
1 suggest alternatives on a separate sheet
V 16. I am not too happy with the sentence on p. 86, lines
2-4: " ... tbe history of the transmission of the text must
Start with a study of the arrangement on this first two-book
copy. ...**. On a separate sheet I suggest alternatives, but
i leave the decision to you.
17. I am not sure whether the change of sentences on p.
135, lines 2-9 may not have affected the intent of my passage
inadequately as it may have been phrased. Alternatives to
the present phrasing will be found on a separate sheet.
Altogether you made my text more jreadable and lucid and
you changed the syntax in many instances in a manner more con-
forming to my taste. Sentences such as "a volume which con-
tains various texts", requested by my readers, you restored
to the original form - "a volume containing vsürious texts" -
which I happen to like better. Thanks again for your ad-
mirable efforts.
With best wishes.
yours most sincerely.
J
Bruni's Public
Version in addition to the five copies of the older
one just mentioned. We do know the dates of merely
nine copies of Durand 's version of the Economic s *
One was penned while Bruni's work was still little
known (1429) and the eight others after the transla-
tion by Bruni had gained wide circulation (1441, 1459,
1461, 1468 twice, 1472, 1474, 1488). Furthermore,
it is worth noting that seventeen copies of Durand* s
Version from the 15th Century were either written in
Germany (three) or possibly there (one) or in Bohexnia
(one) and that of the other ten only one was certain-
ly penned in Italy and the remaining nine probably in
Italy, France, or Spain. Thus Bruni's version of the
EconoBiics first circulated and replaced Durand 's ver-
sion in Italy and became gradually known in Spain and
in the Northern countries in the late 1460s or later
by way of handwritten copies and printed editions as
well.
[The above passage is copied as edited by you. You
requested me to clarify the sentence, lines 7-13.]
- 93 -
My proposal
Furthermore, it is worth noting that three or possi-
bly four copies of Durand 's version from the 15th Cen-
tury were written in Germany, two others possibly in
Bohemia, one certainly in Switzerland (Basel) andjone- ^
n-^hrr ftHimr certainly in Italy. We have no precise in-
Brtini's Public
- 93 -
^
formation as to the provenance of the remaining twenty-
eight copies of Durand* 5 version penned in the 15th cen-
tury but cir cumstantial evidencjeLayay^^^^ .^..??5P^?
of n ine other copies ^ suggests that they originated in
Germany, France, Italy, or Spain.
Explanation: Originally I worked from a sample of
17 copies whose provenance was stated in Aristoteles La -
tinus or whose provenance could be presumed on the strength
of circumstantial evidence, The Bayerische Staatsbiblio-
thek, e.g. acquired in 1806 many mss. fron libraries of
dissolved convents, The mss« of these libraries, as a
rule, originated in their scriptoria. The same is true
of French and Spanish miinicipal libraries • This is th*
"circumstantial evidtmce** mentioned above. However, you
ay delete the reference to the original sample ("avail-
able for a sample of nine other copies"). Now, I am re-
f erring only to copies whose provenance, including pos-
sible origin, is established in the Aristoteles Latinus »
its Supplement and in other listings. And I relate these
few copies to the total nurber (56) of copies of Durand 's
Version from the 15th Century.
Bnmi^s Public [text as edited by W.M.B.]
- 135 -
v/ No.17 But he did not open a path to the science whlch was
to bear the naire of Polltlcal Economy and arose in
Italy and France about the mid-sixteenth Century.
Many fundamental socio-economic changes were neces-
sitated in the 16 th Century, New intellectual
currents strongly influenced those pensive
practitioners who were to lay the foundation of an
autonouaous science concerning the wealth of govern-
ments and nations* •••
c/.
V,
developed -o*--'--ir&eic---»iiaBÄ«.
*♦
lononiio pye iri-ems oa^-
JÄany fundamental socio-economic changes in
/the 16th cent«p:y necessitated a different ap-
1 / proach to economic problems. ^^
i^
"-tn- modified the atii-,
-4«d^nyft>
Bruni's Public [text as edited by W.M.B.]
- 88 -
^ä4U(^^
^^ no,13
• • •
1447 is the earliest available date pf a-ÄST ^^
like the one in the Biblioteca Angelica, except
for the note at the end of b,ook II. The copy (133)
which is now MS. Cod. Vittorio Emannele 238, fols.
Il6r- 127v, of the Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale
21
Vittorio Emanuele II at Rome dates from 1447.
A
21
/
^-y [My Suggestion: ... dates from this year. ]
no.l5 ...^.^' ghHo ^ JLt is logical that in some Codices a
copy of the Barbaro treatise should be found next
to Bruni's Version of the Sconomics . Thus, for
cxample, the text in Cod. lat. 1113 of the Biblio-
theque Nationale ...
- 132 -
[My Suggestion: It is therefore logical ...
or Therefore, it is logical ... ]
v no.l6 ... But since there is no more authentic copy, the
history of the transmission of the text must start
with a study of the arrangement of this first two-
book copy.
...
— > [Alternatives (?)s 'the study of the trans-
mission of the text must start with the arrangement*
or 't^ histprical analysis of the t^ransinliBsion ...
/Baust Start wl^ tjie-^tudy of ^,$he arrang^^nt ' ]
V
. 86 .
f
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^
ii>, VC ( w-^x-»
Aj^pendlx III (pp. 195-205)
v/ p. 195? Enclose tabulation of subheads
[Answer slip on p. 195 J
/ p. 201« ündemeath subhead (A.2)
Florences should be indented like the
preceding names of eitles
Commentary by magister Fribtirgensis
ffiust be stricken out (my error)
pp. 203-205«
Next to booktitles ? no "shelf-
nuBibers" but reference to cßta-
logues of Incunabula and early
prints
GW « Oesamtkatalof der Wiegen-
drucke. 8, vols. Leipsigy
1925-1940
BMC » British Museum. Department
of Printed Books. Catalogue
of Books Printed in the XVth
Centory...
A«^'
r
\ .
Leonardo Bruni - Appendlces
-10-
Hain-Copinger
Panzer
Ludwig Hain, Repertorium biblio-
graphicism, tumim as supplemented
by W.A. Copinger, 2 vols. London,
1895-1902
Georg Panzer, Annaies typographici ab
anno MDI ad annun MDXIXVI« 6 vols«
Nurembergt 1798-1803.
Estreicher (?)
p.204 Castrovol : Hain-Copinger no. suffices
Grab: Bibliographia Aberdonensis, 1,5-6
Lef^irre: (DK 6.7126) or (Renouard,Estien-
ne, I, 20) (?) or BM 520. g. 10.
BM (Aristotle,1935),col.l3
, ■•- c:^' ■'^~'
' . L'' *•
r
'.<• -
i-^..i-\~H
Leonardo Brxinl - Notes
- 11 -
\/p. 207 ; llne 7t Aristoteles Latinus,
, [G. Lacoffibe in Cooperation with A. Birken-
majer, M« Dulong, and £• Franc eschini
(ed.) 9 Aristoteles Latlnus . I (Rome,
1959), 75-77. J
or could I refer to note 11,4 (p.219, lines
16-18) ? Exception; also like reference
> Catalogue by Narducci in no« 2 on p. 206
line 18: [Bekker editionj my question
with reference to B,*s question later
( )
p. 209s
n. 7 umanisticho (?) check also p. 145
n. 9 Vol. 4 of a catalogue - therefore
IV (Leiden9il946) hy [not editedj
p. 210 n. 11 [B*s. question J reference to Ap-
pendix II, helow - o.k.-
(/ n. 15 First name of Bachmann could not
be ascertained although I tried
hard to do so. All I know he was
a teacher at a Prague "Gymnasium'*
p. 211 n. 17 title of Baron's Hum.Lit. - o.k.
vp. 212 n. 20
S "
Gesamtkatalog der Deutschrn Biblio-
theken,! ask Miss Faulkner or Queenfe]
or vol. VI (Berlin, i» 1954), coT.
\
Leonardo Brunl - Hotes
- 12 -
i/ Lp»212,n.20 ctdjt 685 (DK^ 6.6882) [error in my
«. ms.J - questlon to B.« after
Gesfimtkatalog t hereafter refer-
red to as DK wlth serlal number
of the clted item*
«^p. 215»Vnote 21? Baron, Leonardo Briinl Aretlno,
P. 232,
»'note 22? Bsron, Leonardo Bruni Aretino,
p. 185.
^ note 23? Lopez [called himsrlf subdirector
resigned kxxüvz in Spring 1967
[ scandal about Leonardo da Vinci
ms.J - former ?
p. 214 [B. erroneoiiisly numbered it 219 J without
confusing the nuinbering of pages
y note 3?
y/
note4t
yi
Dr. Brief; I was unable to
jtmix identify this scholar. There-
fore, would h "a" or "a certain"
do ? Or shall I omit him entirely?
If refemce to A.L. abbreviated,
then G. Lacombe (ed).,A.L., 2 vols.
as it now Stands; needed as source
for detailed references.
Leonardo Brtml - Notes
- 13 -
[Part III]
/ 1
p. 218 y noteis The English text in the Oxford
' Edition has no page numbers; it fol-
lows the Greek text and the folios of
the Bekker edition of the Greek origi-
nal. [Oxford, 1925], Book I, chapter 1,
fols. 1094 a, lines 8-9.
/note 2: Baron (ed.), Leonardo Bnini
rAretiiio, p. 120, 11. 20-2lJ
^ Works of Aristotle, II, Book 10, chap-
ter 9, fol. 1181 a, 11. 11-12.
i
>/p. 219 ^note 3 (ctd)? ^Antonio di Mario refers
in his copy of Briini's annotsted Econ-
omics Version (69) taxtiui mmmmmntmrjx
axxatxtiimz at the end of x£i anÄota-
tions BM to Book I as ** Coinmentarium T**
although Bruni himself called them
an
as
his Prefsce to the Economics verpion.
^
"explanation of obscure passages"
shown in the Isü^e Quotation from
The sigxiftsntMxvf distinction het-
as made
ween annotations and commentarleF in
the 15th and early I6th centuries ^^will
he discussed at length in Part IV.
and the significance of this distinctionv'
r
Leonardo Brunl - Notes
- 14 -
l/p. 220
note 9? lines 3-4? in the fifteenth- and
early Mtk slxteenth-century [as B. wrote
or centurles ?]
V p. 221 note 10 ctd? Copiste, ed. by Ch. Samaran
••• It Mus^e ••• Parisiennes, by [not
edlted]
v/ p. 222 ''note 15« [Zaragoza, 1909] this placp and
and. year of publication was supplied
by the catalogers of the N.Y, Public
Library
^ note 17? Studies in Renaissance ThoiiAch t
and Letters . (Rome, 1956), 411-413 and
114-115.
/
p. 223
vp. 226
note 21? A. M. Bandinius, Catalogus codi«
cum latinorum Bibliothecae Mediceae
Laurentianae. II (Florence,1775),
643-651.
note 26? [B. does not object to 'Bandini
Catalogue, Supplement, II, 392-393]
Conforming to his request concerning
note 21 on p. 223 I should say? A.
M. Bandinius, Bibliotheca Leopoldina
Laurentiana ... ,11 (1792), 392-2393.
Y'p . 227
note 29? lines 8-9? Kristeller corrected
Vitelli in his Iter Italicum . II, xx
(will ixqniXK request P.O.K. to send
I
I
Leonardo Bruni - Notes
- 15 -
y/
VP. 227
K/ p. 228
\
t'"'-
p. 229
note 29 (ctd)? Information directly to
Miss Faulkner.
note 30: line ^t (Milan, 1961) , p. 48 and
nats 76 and Riccardo Fubini, 'Tra umane-
simo e concili. Note e giunte a iina pub-
blicazione recente su Francppco Pizol-
passo {1370c. - 1443)'. Studi Medievali .
Serie Terza. Anno VII (1966), fasc. I,
323-353, esp. 337-343. Also, E. Frances-
chini, "Leonardo Bruni —
note 32? line 13? Emanuel Bekker adopted
it ••• Aristotle. Aristotelis Opera,
ed. Academia Regia Borussica . III (Ber-
lin, 1831), XXX - XXX. (Miss Faulkner
could check). - Reference to the"Bekker^
'^ edition"for the first time on p. 207, /
1 n. 2.',- If Bekker edition there and here,
perhaps! -The^e^üion o?^ir??totle's
Works. 5 vols. Berlin, 1831-70. The
Greek texts »r» as prepared Lex reo.
Inunanuelis Bekkeri] "by E. Bekker, vols.
I,II (1831); Latin versions, selected
by Bteker in vol. III (1831). "
^ note 33- reference to Kristeller, Studies
should be sufficient
note 34: Cod.Vat.lat. 2096 is described
u in Kristeller, Iter Italicunit II, 311.
Leonardo Bnini - Notes - 16 -
^p. 229t note 37? line 5« On Francesco Piaol-
passo, who was born Into the noble
Bolognese family Lambertini about 1370
and kho died in 1443» ••• see Paredl»
op,cit , , pp. 3-65. and Ä.Fubini, op«clt ,
pp. 323-353, both mentioned above in
note 30;^ The letter from Bruni
• •
231, note 41t [B's questiont deletion alrlght l]
f^xxs^X
V:
252
^ C
1
If it refers to **in that night" deletion
is o.k.
note 41 (ctd): I shell try to find out
Wh' ther Prof. Mazza*k»xs »Altl articie
in Italia Medlevale has already appeared
or whether she know, when.
LPart IV]
p« 233 note 1: [Grabmann], Sitzungsberichte
[l wished I could make it 'periodical
style^ - but, like wjrfeh etlidi' Medievall ,
^ ffien&avarian Academy of ScierÄ%%^ l%?uet
(therefpre r efercnec tp 'Jahrgang-*-)
n year^ mjubxtb»» in each^
/_
^
sckx xü^each^^y »xiuBgxaii
sections LADteiiunK
Sections [ Ab t e i lungen ] . „ ^ — ^-^
/of less than ordinary booklength which ^
[~they called "Hefte". (= stitched book) )
Libraries bound them in volumes, marked
(: Jahrgang ^9^9') s ^tg^^^^^g^HU (Jahrgang
1939» Munich). But "Heft" should remain.
!
Leonardo Bruni - Notes
- 16a -
p. 238
^
r
p. 235
\.
V
\
\
\
V
note lÖ(«iÄis In STÜDliES, III, p. 35,
note lll! J. Schnetz, Untersuchungen
über die Quellen der Kosmograohle de s
anonymen Geographen von Ravenna , Sitz-
ungsberichte der Bayerischen Akademie,
Phil. Hist. Klasse (Munich,1942) . -
Therefore, why not: M. Grabmann, Die
mittelalterlichen Kommentare zur Poli -
tik des Aristoteles . ^hiixxH±BtyyKi»s¥
BK Sitzungsberichte der Bayerischen
Akademie, Phil. Hist. Klasse. Ilf^lä^^
10 {Munich,1941)i>
TKt
/v^ »/, I
t-;
</»
'. .«1-
note 1 (ctd)? M. Grabmann, Me'^Iiode
und Hilfsmittel des Aristoteles Studiums
im Mittelalter . Sitzungsberichte der
Bayerischen Akademie, Phil. Hist. Klasse.
(1939), 3 (Munich,1939).
\
3^
Leonardo Brunl - Notes
- 17 -
[■
X
^
vp« 233 note 2 ? which is described in Kristel-
ler's Iter Itallcum , II, 392.
vnote 3 • Aristoteles Latlnus , I, p. ? t
r I no. 664, p. ? ,no. 672, p. ,no.678
and p« ,no. 690). Slnce the Queens
College Library does not posses the A.L«
and my assistant there is iinf amiliar
4~ \ with this literature, at the moment I
cannot a^k anybody there to look pm up
these pages. Could Miss Faulkner pos-
\ sibly request a knowledg^ble person at
the üniversity Library to give her± this
Information ?
^ p. 234 note 4 ? line 9 « ... The first of his
worksin this field (area) [copy the
beginning of the passage, beginning on
1. 5« Leffevre began ...
r
p. 236 note 6 ctd.J writing it on that day.
■K,
/
»r
N
\ LPlease, restore my statement which is,
V, ^ as I stated above ( note to p. )
4^ the correct one^ Gesamtkatalo/r der
Wiegendrucke , 8 vols. (Leipzig, 1925-
1940),'' II ( ? ), 596-597. (Shall I add
here that throughout the faper I was
ref erring to this standrrdrork on In-
cunabula which was not completed - yoi.S
brings the listings up to letter "Cj,I
think - as GW [wh4ch is the Standard
I
Leonardo Bruni - Notes
- 18 -
citationj. - Queens College has GW and
I can inauire ab out date of vol. II. But
it would expedite matters if Miss Faulkner
V would kindly pro eure this simple Informa-
/ tion from the University Library.
V note 8! line 4t Dr. Henig - His first
name is not known to me. I dipcussed this
Problem of citing librarians who iSxmx
\ give their first names with Prof. Kristel-
)ler. He had the same headache. Finally,
Father Quain of the Fordham Press, e.g.
agreed to acoept in such crses the name
) of a librarian without his first name;
] it happend when Kristeller' s Latin Manu *
sript Books before 1600 (Fordham Press,
1952, 1959, 1964) was published.
line 14? A.L., I, p
no. 1283.
^p. 2#1 (note 13)? lines 22-23? ...; it was pub-
lished^y-^iSJlfi Estienne on February 5,
1514 and then reissued by Simon Vincent
in Lyons in 1517. ... [Information re-
ceived after I mailed my ms. to B.]
\
<c^^<^
)
V p. 242 (note 13)? line 2: Prof. F. Edward Crani
[of Connecticut College, New London J ?
Leonardo Brunl - Notes
- 19 -
>/ p. 242 Miote 14: Complete title of Wellendoerf-
fer's Oecologium (Panzer, VII, 171?S38)
[l shall try to get it through Queens;
perhaps Miss Faulkner could procure it
through the Üniversity LihraryJ .••
Georg Panzer, Annales typographici ab
anno MDI ad annum MDXXXVI. ( vols.
Nuremberg, 1798-1803 . [The discrepancy
in my notation (vol.VII) may have arisen
from the fact that in some libraries
tfiß^^oiSfflls of an earlier worlc by Panzer
(Annales typographici ab artis inventae
origine ad adnumm MD, 5 vols. Nuremberg,
1793-1797) are are bound as one series
of 11 vols. This will be checked.J
Should it be noted after the citation
of the Panzer Annales, 179B-1803 that
•Panzer* throughout my paper i? a refer-
ence to this work ?
p, 244 note 20: Professor Kristeller and Prof.
Baron, the latter after initial hesita-
tion, believed it might be vpluable to
acquaint the reader who i? not ?o well
versed in the history of the pseudo-Aris-
totelian works with a brief summpry of
¥§5lnt literature on the authorship of
the three books of the Economics. If
you feel that it interferes with the
r~
Leonardo Brunl - Notes
- 20 -
244 [note 20 cltd: ] flow of my nerrative, we
cen omit it. But then the numbering of
the notes would have to be changed.
^, v/
p. 245 note 21 s H. Baron (ed.), Leonardo Bruni
Aretino, p. 121, 11. 11 - 12
V p. 247
note 27 ?
p. 185.
Baron, Leonardo Bruni Aretino,
p. 248
y p. 250
note 30 t line 10: citstlon of Migne,
Patrologia Latina, CLXXXII (question?
(date), £.) - in STUDIES, III, p. 65,
n. 21 t«here sppears a firrt citetion
of Migne, P.L. reading: Migne, PL,
CXXVIII, cols. 1379-96 , i.e. no öate
of voltune. Pp. are not Kissing, I giVe
the cols. 647a - 651a. Nevertheless,
I shall inouire about first name of Migne
and year of volume. Perheps, Miss Ff^ulk-
ner can help.
note to Appendix I, (ms.) p. 136 * line
8: suprascription should be changed to
'superscription* . [Not notice by B.]
FINIS
.0.'>*. -/f-Sf ''.■-.•
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^.:» >:
• A^Ask P.O.K. for page in ITER,II
:-" where PISA, Biblioteca ünlversi-
taria, cod. 690 [Roncioni llj
and the correction of Vitelli
■■'■ßfi is listed.
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Ia discusslon of edltlng or com-
plllng [tzerm used by B«] cata-
logues, refer to pp» 220-221,
note 10 of Part III t Comlt^ Intl.
de Paleographie [ Sponsor], Cata-
logue des Uanuscrits [edlted]
Vol.I? lius^e [compiled byj
(i\) ^c:,w^
4 C:
V .
V- "t;-
■:X
164 Appendix II
^- no. 101 (AmlDrosiana, .
J 98) in reference .-
to Franceschini chßngex
Fontes Ambrosiani, XXVII
- w ,
* -fr- -V-
■^^. »\.V-*-
'•■■ r-
I
(Jahrgang 1939, Munich), Heft 3.
(Munich, 1939), Heft 3. or
' (Munich, 19 39), :
.«
' .V. ■ .«
.f,-. >
-\-
'-a(»v.
Migne, PL - first citetlon
STDDIES, III. P.65, note 21 ,.
■ ■■ ' ■■'■ •■ ■ - ■ •*■ •■■.
Migne, n [Patrologia LatlnaJ, .•:;,
CXXVIII, cols. 1379-96. >^-:\.y-':-
J-
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STUDIES, III, p. 65, note 22
^ »
w
Georgias Monachus
Bekker
(first cita;^jLetO
• • • >
ed. I
logla^ß^eca]
223^
Ml^e
exxvi.
PG [Patro-
cols. 139-
^^ ^ O^x.-. V L. -wwW >vw
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i •,'■>-■■*■ • A- ■.•,:;.• r ..• r ■•.-.' ' '^>'---'t.
STUDIES, III, p. 35, note 111? ^;;^
Sitzungsberichte der Bayerischen • '
iÜCBt&iB^ Akademie, Phil/ Hist.J ^ > ,>
, Klasse (Munich,1942) -^ '']ji,
; • , . 'V -■ . ->. • i.\
J.Schneta, Untersuchungen über
die Quellen ller Kosmographie de?
* -^-m
■ 1- h''.
.. "«>•
anonymen Geographen von Ravenna,
i <
.V-.. ?,^--^ .,
■a.
i.>'„rV ^v'->«>
/
e^ito'fA - rioi:ti06j^
m
Dear Professor Bowsky :
^Ui't
it^ '■^-..«•■^
w i. l. J
rfii r
.v-^
( f. •
j .:<
'.■J
■• 'V fr
I just finished reading the remainder of the ms,, i.e.
the appendices and the footnotes.
" ' Before I go Into details, page by page and line by line,
rv: let me flret take up ftv^M matters of princlple In editing
and ®^ ^ luggestions for deliberetion,
, , , !• Editor - and authorship of catalogues of mss. col-
" lectiöns: You were wondering whether. it would be correet
' to cite part IX of the catalogue of the Bodleian Library
(p. 148, 1. 15) as ' Catalo/ari codicum manuscriptomm Bib *
^; liothecae Bodleianae , Pars Nona , ed. by G. D. Macray
: (1885), 137'. I wrote * Pars Ifona , by G. D. Macray» fol-
lowing Kristellejls citation in his Latin Manuscript Books
Before 1600 . N.Y.: Fordham University Press, 1965 (the ms.
copy was edited by Father Quain and such problems discussed
by the author, "ihe editor and ao-easXoxMalX^b^-ayÄelfJ . Now,
the Situation in this rother cases to be mentioned later is
the following! Macray compilated (to use your eypression)
- d^ authored Q^ composed - by Macray and the ms. copy was
edited by somebody at the Oxford University Press. The author
had not the benefit of an editor, as I do, which, inciidental-
ly ,^^^^^of inconsistencies in this particul-r Part and the
entire series which was published at irregulär intervals in
.1858r-85« Therefore, we would probably choose to say: • G.D«
Macray, Codices a ... Kenelm Di^by ... donatos, complectens
[this fond of the Bodleian LibraryJ . Catalogi codicum ...
Bodleianae. Part IX (1883), 137*. But then, citations
"would become lengthy and repetitious, if other Part? are
cited. To take the easy way out of this dileioma Kristel-
ler and I, following him, decided to first cite the general
title of this many volume catalogue and indicate the authorship
Of the respective volume through the notation »»by".
' ' The same principle applies to catalogues of French
public (University, municipal) collections. They were
sponsored by a goverriment agency, ordinarily the Ministery
of Eduoation etc•^. the ^general editor comparable to a per-
Bowsky - letter August 23
- 2 -
>
The
son in your capacity was (is) not identified. Germanr^and
Swiss began changing this edito^ial policy early this Cen-
tury and particularly f irst af ter World War' I and more so
after W.W. II, approaching practices in this country (leav-
ing the question of sequence aside), Again, identifying
the general editor(s) and drawing a dividing line between
him (them) and the authors of individual Prrts of one series
of catalogues is often difficult and citetions would become
unmanageatle. In a vrry recent case (p. 220, note 10) I
went to the füll length of correct citation because this
work has been organized in what we in this country consider
the proper way. It is not a catalogue of collections but
a reference work concerning the datef placeS. of origin
[provenance] and copyists of Latin mss. in France. The
citation therefore indicates (1) the Sponsor of the work
(International Committee of Paleography) , (2) the editors
of the enterprise, (3) the authors of individual volumes.
Therefore, the editois are clearly marked by me after the
title of the work {p.221, line 1), while the authors of
the first Part are again signified through the particle
"by". I wonder whether you are ready to accept this Sug-
gestion of mine.
The sole and famous exception in cataloguing mss. col-
lection is the Italian series, first edited by a general
edltor (Mazzatinti) and in the beginning b^' hls'assöcJLäte
(Sorbelli), but later by others. Since this work is still
identified with its founding father, it is generally refer-
red to as "the Mazzatinti inventory" (^Inventari dei Manoscrit-
ti delle Biblioteche d'Italia-'). Therefore, in a loose sense,
one may still consider hin» as the "editor", even if he ceas-
ed to be active probably half a Century ago.
2. Abbrevirted references to Standard catalogues of
early printed books: In npte 6 oh p.. 236 . I cite for the
first time the füll title of the Gesamtkatalog der Wiegen -
drucke , the best though neither complete nor always cor-
rect Standard listing of incxmabula (i.e. prints prior to
Bowsky - letter August 23
— ' —
i
v
1500). A peculiar feature of this serles will be mentioned
below when I come to the cltatlon itself . What interests me
here is that you suggest to insert the füll title. The ques-
tionswhich arise In compliance with your request are^the fol-
lowlng? I have referred to it before in the text and in the
notes, always using the common abbreviation 'GW*. Shall I
mention, next to the citation, that I heve referred to it
through^SJ paper in the just said manner ? Furthermore?
In note 14 on p. 242 you want me to cite the very long title
of the commentary on the Economics hy Wellendoerf fer (more
on that below) and after it the reference to 'Panzer*. .Georg
Panzer, authored two Standard reference works; one on incuna-
bula (which one uses only in exceptional cases) and the other
on prißts of 1501- 1536. My reference is to the latter. But
then, shall insert a note similar to the one next to GW because
I am ref erring to this work more of ten and psrticularly in Ap-
pendix III (MSS. and Prints Discussed in Text and Footnotes) ?
If I want to be consistent I should do the same with Hain-Co-
pinger, Riley and EstVeicher. In fact, I would need a füll
page of spelling out abbreviations of reference works in the
area of early prints. May we,instead, presume that tho e who
are looking up my references are fairly well acquainted with
this field and are therefore familiär with these works and
hence will understand the abbreviation ?
3. Citation of Standard works arid of annual series not
characterized by such notations as "volumes" , etc. I am think-
ing of two Gasest
a* Migne, Patrologia Latina ? In note 30 on p. 248
I am mentioning a text edited by Migne in one of his 200 odd
volumes. I cite • Migne, Patrologia Latina, CLXXXII,cols.
1379-96'. You want me to give the date for the volume 187
(which you^8R5S§ea^back to Roman numerals) and the name of
the editor. Both can be looked up. But then, I find in Vol.
III. of Studies in Medieval and Renaissance History. (Lincoln:
üniversity of Nebraska Press, 1966), 65, n.21: Migne, PL,
CXXVIII, cols. 1379-96 as a first citation. Of course, this
Bowsky,- letter August 23
- 4 -
highly specialized end learned paper is sddressed to Medl-
evalists who can be presumed to be farriliar with Sligne's
(poorly edited, as is generally known) Latin texts. My
paper would appeal to Renaissance scholars mainly; but may
we credit them with some familiarity with medieval studies ?
Would you compromise with the editor of the cited Studies
in accepting a somewhat more detailed but not too detailed
citation ?
b. Sitzungsberichte der Bayerischen Akademie: I
am citing two monographs by Martin Grabmann in the collec-
tion of this renowned academy. What you do not like is that
these annual series fplural) were published as (1) "Jahrgang**
xyz and (2) "Hefte" i.e. in wrapped (stitched)paper covers.
In note 1 on p. 233 I cite one of the two monographs as
M. Grabmann, Methode und Hilfsmittel des Aristotelesstudi-
ums im Mittelalter. Sitzungsberichte der Bayerischen Akad-
emie der Wissenschaften. Phil. -historische Abteilung Lor
more often called] Klasse. Jahrgang 1939, Heft 3. Again,
in volume III of the Nebraska Studies I find on p. 35, n.lll
the following citationt J. Schnetz, Untersuchungen über die
Quellen ••• von Ravenna . Sitzungsberichte der Bayerischen
Akademie, Phil. Hist. Klasse (Munich, 1942). In this cita-
tion were left out (1) the last part of the name of the
academy (der Wissenschaften) which can be done, .and (2) the
nximber of the monograph. AI s 6 > un 1 1^^>^ Iti o ther Arne r i c an pub-
P^.-^'i'%
lications, the title of the monograph was set in Italics «rrd.
»^ the main title of the series (Sitzungsberichte). Would
you be ready to compromise with the editor of the Nebraska
Studies (I trust, in future, they will be known as Bowsky 's
Studies like Mazzatintis|*Inventari* ) and accept this solutiont
Martin Grabmann, Methode und Hilfsmittel .... im Mittelalter .
Sitzungsberichte (1939) der Bayerischen Akademie, Phil. Hist.
Klasse. No. 3 (Munich, 1939)^?
'-^ <».
.— -.-■ ■'■■»•-^^.
New as to details ?
(Appendix II)
1. Editors or rather authors of MSS. catalogues:
148, line 15? Pars nona . by G. D. Macray (1883), 137
not edited; also omit ^p7)
Bowsky - letter August 23
- 5 -
p. 149, line 2: Pars Tertia > by H. 0, Coxe
line 16: 1* Arsenal , by H. Martin
p. 154, line 13? Monacensis , by C. Eplm, G. Laubmann and
j^2-i]i others
p. 173, line ^-^eo-^biyfc-tomr- Teil 3 , by 0, Günther
p, 181, line 16: Handschriften , by C. Mohlberg.
p. 183, line 6 : III (a9^12)r by B-. »os^ra- — ralhfiX- -than u^Vi^wo
Latini. III, by B. Nogara (1912), 24-25
p. 185, liaes 8-10: Codices Vaticani Latini, 11414-11709 >
by E. Carusi and J. Ruysschaert (Vatican
City, 1959), 80-82 please, omit pp)
p. 188, line 12: ed. Th. Gottlieb. (Wien, 1915) is partly
correct: he coinpilated extant medieval
catalogues and edited them; therefore: ed
lines g«4— jgjr-acL J j o 1 1 o» : ed. P. Lehmann. (Munich,1918) ,
435 please, omit p. The same ed. as
above.
X -^ ...
References to Kristeller' ä Iter Italicum:
^ ii
•i -. «.
(■■',.
" -'^
■'^•w. 1
^^
V
p. 138, linea
14-18
p. 167, line 6:
line 4:
\
Vol. II (LoTidon-Leiden, 1967). The first
volume of it ... in Leiden; This sentence
may be stricken.
Ibid. [= Iter Italicum] ,11, 7 - the pages
of vol. II are those in the prihted book;
Kristeller gave them to me from his page-
proof.
Ibid . only; Orvieto would belong into
vol. II; but since this ms. came to Kristej/ler's
attention after completion of the printing
of vol. II, it will appear in an eppendix of
,/;
VO X • JL J. 1 . ./ ^ ,— ^ «4- -<t * •''
1 ' ■■■ D ...
.^^.'.•.r-^t^^^^^^^^uw'^y
*?.)
Citation of Journal^ on Libraries ,Stu.dies: ^
p. 164, line 4?
l V. ^- ' *'
Giornale delle Biblioteche . You suggested
Bowsky - letter August 23
- 6 -
^
h
to insert a notation of editorship. I do not
think this advisable. These .Journals are spon-
sored by professional organizations (In this
sense, edited) like the AHR and the^editorship
changes from time to time. Also, you did not
make this request later concerning the Studi
Italiani di Filologia Classica (p. 168, lines
6-7) - I cited more extensively than is common -
and Sevue des Bibllotheques (p. 173f lines 15-16)
and I was pleased with thl^st omissionC»
(1; ünusual citation of numbers of folios? On p. 177,
/ line 9 I write: [BibliotßCa de la Universidad] , 109, fols.
13 2 ra - 120 ra, The meaning is as follows?
the text is written in two columns per page
(a,b) and therefore I cite recto, column a,
while otherwise I skip the r for recto which
is not quite uncommon. The notation '•ra** on
\.
i/p?-
the other band is a more oommon practice.
......_..., , .„.,... — -' ""2""-'-) - .. -.,
<. Additions and cbfrections:
..w.---'-*
'*•-.
/
■"».
/■•>7
/
^O
p. 158, line 4
p. 170, line 6
p. 166, line 9
Bandini, III (1776), 136 was gratefully
accepted
Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale Vittorio
Emanuele II : Emanuele (II) was gratefully
noted
The füll title of »NAPLES, Biblioteca Nazio-
nale* shxxuld-be* Biblioteca Nazi-^nale Vit-
torio Emanuele III* - could that be added ?
s/
p. 182, line 17? The place of publication of S. De Ricci and
W. J. Wilson, OensuB Canada . Vol. I?
(New York, 1935) Could that be added ?
p. 164, line 14? [» Fontes Ambrosiana , XXVII] is more correct
than Fontes Ambrosiana, 27 as used by me.
Your restoration of Boman numerals, so wide-
ly usedjby you, corresponds to the original
while my Arabic numerals wore chosen because
m st editors-printer.^ like them
Bowsky - letter August 23
- 7 -
1/
[p. I64,line 14 (ctd):] Please, ch^nge 27 to XXVII; you
simply overlooked it
p. 153f lines 5-«i ft?^»
bottom:
/
1
line l5
Your transposition of the "Reich-
enauer Handschriften** is excellent
The notation '(Depot; Tübingen)'
should be aligned to 'Deutsche
Staatsbibliothek' in entry (43)
: 5i Lacking first narces of persons lrR~-«o4€ftüwi-FdgiRe«4-»'
.H"^
f i^'fc'^*«? .JA»»
In very few cases I was unaVle to procure the first nrmes;
European librarians in particular do not mention them for
reasons of professional policy. Father Quain as well as
the editor of the Warburg Institute agreed to t^Ssteller
list. them without first names. Some other minor issues
are to be decided upon in this connection.
p
p
141, liiie^'-flrom-^Ottüffi V Dott. Puliatti (Modena)
142, lines 4-5
I I p. 140, lines 8-9
pleäse, make sure that the reference
librarian's position at Queens College
is properly stated: 'Mr. Kenne th Freyer
of the Paul Klapper Library of Queens
College'..,. [The Library was named
after the College 's first presidentj.
Rev. Dr. Jos^ Lopez de Toro - correct;
I mentioned him pIso on p. 213, n. 23
giving his title as "subdirector" as
his signed in his letters, but I think
"assistant director*', as you stated it,
is proper. Incidentally» he resigned
his Position early 1967 in connection
with the scandsl over the Leonardo da
Vinci notebook ms.; should we then say
'forroer assistant director' ?
(*7l p. 136, note 8,1.4? Dr. Henftg •--th^-^same as be-fore
.uc
Bowsky - letter August 23
- 8 -
J [Q) p. 214, note 3:
^/ (
(^y p. 242, note 13?
Im\
V
^
j
j
J
p. 210, note 13?
p. 229, note 34?
p. 227, note 29?
p. 213, note 21:
»"note 22s
p. 218, note 2t
('p. 225> note 2Xt
.'"^ ■' - '.s^
^.
\
^
•Dr. Brie*. I was uneble to identlfy this
Scholar or to find at leest his first name,
much as I searched for it, Therefore, would
ttg^n Qj. Hg^ certain*» do ? Or shall we omit him
entirely ?
•Prof. F. Edward Cranz*? shall I add 'of Con-'
necticut College, New London' ? He is well
knovm to Renais sr.nce schblars.
•Bachmann*. The same problem. I tried hard
to ascertain his first name, but in vain.
All I found out about him is that he was
teaching at a Prague "Gymnasium**, ADB is
a well enough known biographical dictionnary,
therefore, this minor blemish should not härm
the reference.
•The content of Cod. Vat. l??t. 2096 is de-
scribed in Kristeller, Iter Italicum , II,
311'. The page is now added and the sentence
brought up to-date.
- ■4- /
lines 8-9? The follov/ing sentence hf-s beeli
ch«nged for the reason - given b^ere ? • Kris-
teller corrected Vitelli in his Iter Itali -
cum , II, xxx*. I asked Prof. Kristeller, to
send the page number directly to Miss Faulk-
ner.
Baron, Leonardo Bruni Aretino , p. 232.
Baron, Leonardo Bruni Aretino , p. 185 or
Ibid., 185.
Baron (ed.), Leohardo Bruni Aretino , p. 120,
11 [lines] 20-21.
A. M. Bandinius, Catalofius codicum latino -
rum Bibliothecae Mediceae Laurentianae. II
(Florence, 1775), 643 - 651.
-f-KN^>a
■v^
r
■u l
tc*
^^''■v) »'V.iv
Bowsky - letter August 23
- 9 -
p, 226, note 26:
v-/-'
..wV
/ p. 245, note 21t
♦Bandini Catalogue, Supplement, II, 392-393*
Bowsky did not object to this citation. But
conforming to his policy of consistency a:;d
to his request concerning the before cited
note, I should say: *A, M. Bandinius, Biblio -
theca Leopoldina Laurentiana •••, II (1792),
392 - 393* [the term* Supplement 'has been
fully explained in Appendix II, pp. 159-160]
valmo s t comple,tÄ^
Thev • . tTitle of the Supplement is: Biblio -
theca Leopoldina Laurentiana seu Catalogus
manuscriptorum qui iussu Petri Leopoldi • ..
in Laurentianam translati sunt ••• 3 vols.
Florence 1791-93.
H. Baron (ed.), Leonardo Bruni Aretino , p. 121,
11. [lines] 11-12
p. 247, note 272 Baron, Leonardo Bruni Aretino, p. 185.
-, V.— ^'
^
p. 233, note 2s
y
p. 222,'^note 15t
/ "*•> — - — > — "^ ■ — ""
' > "" ^ note 17:
which is described in Kristeller 's Iter Itali -
cum, II, 392.
[Zaragoza, 1909] - these brackets are alright
because place and year of publication are not
in the book but were supplied by the catalogers
of the N.Y* Public Library.
Kristeller, Studies in Renaissance Thou^h t
and Letters . (Rome, 1956), 411 - 413 and 114 -
115.
/
/
p. 218, note 1?
ad. 3« ünusual citation öf numbers of folios
in mss. and printed books
The English Version/ In the Oxford ÄditJuwi of .^
English translations of Works by Aris'totle has
no page numbers; the pagination follows the
one of the Greek text in the Bekker edition
[more on that later]. Therefore, this could
be done: • (Oxf^ord,1925) , Book I, chapter 1,
fol . 1094 a [itands for rectoj, lines 8-9.
Bowsky - letter August 23
- 10 -
i^
(■-..
Af
"C
4
<
yj p. 218, note 2: Works of Aristotle, IX, Book 10, chapter 9f
fol. 1181 a, lines 11-12.
' (O
p. 212, note 20: Gesamtkatalog der Deutschen Bibliotheken .
[on number of voluires* see question "below
under no. 6 ? < and their date'ö öf publicationj
After that: (1), please correct serial number
(DK 6.6882) - the last digit was erroneously
written '•^'•f (2) shall I add ©üiier after füll
citation *hereafter referred to as DK with
serial number of the cited item* ? ; (3) shall
I have (DK 6.6882) preceded by VI (1934),col.
685 [i.e. volume VI (Berlin, 1934) , col. 685j ?
V ("-? p. 228, note 32: »ErnSnuel Bekker adopted it in.his collection
of Latin translations of the Works of Aristotle.'
Add: Aristotelis Opera , ed. Academia Regia Bo-
russica. III (Berlin, 1831), xyx - xxy Lsee
below no. 7 ?]. Then: füll citation of the
Prussian Academy edition -* Aristotelis Opera ,
ed. Academia Regia Borussica. 5 vols. Berlin,
1831-70. The Greek texts as prerared Lex.rec.
Immanuelis Bekkeri] by E. Bekker, vols. I, II
(1831); Latin versions, selected by Bekker, in
vol. III (1831).'
■..■'..•v\ ü;,.-
w^.V
^. V-
t
■tt.
V.-%,'
■^
/l)
250, note to Appendix I on ms. p. 136: line 8: 'suprascription*
should be changed to 'superscription* .
6. Bibliogrsphical references to be supplied.
^^>v.->"^;
"•V
; C^'\„Cv,^; -l^"?? VM,/»-,,. • y)
/
U.
<
'r
'".
1
A
■»«,.
^'i
I »hall «i^iiÄffipVf^^^acur«^ iJMfc&ft^l^^ bftt would
i.t.JbÄ passlble^ for Mss Fau^^
deslc jotf . the If^braska Univerßity JWLbrÄry .too> ? . . _ - a^wae - tteifis
ar.a--iÄvolved and require clarifleation for purpee^s of proper
edlting ':
p. 212, note 20:
Y'
Gesamtkatalojg der Deutschen Bibliotheken . This
series was'^/cintinued shortly before W.W. II.
Not all libraries have what is believed the
last^volume published. Perhaps,^ Library of
Bowsky - letter August 23
- 11 -
•■>
p. 232, note 4l2
r/y^'\
X
s. %-^ \
V \
\ >■
p, 233, note 3^
r..
V».
^ p« 236, note 6:
V
p. 242, note 4s
Congress Catalogue contains all Iniormation
available on it, i.e. number of volumes and
dates of publication.
last sentence: 'Mazza is preparing a new edi-
tion of the inventory which will appear in
a forthcoming issue of Italia Medievale e
Umanistica * . I wrote her to ask whether her
paper has been published already or whether
she can *• Se®nöÄ the issue in which it
will appear (before or after my monograph).
Aristoteles Latinus , I, p. ? , no. 664, p. ? ,
no. 672, p. ? , no. 678, and p. ? , no. 690.
Aristoteles Latinus is in every üniversity
Library and a knowledgeable person can look
up the pages containing the numbered items,
Prof. Bowsky: Please, restore my statement
which is, as I stated above (note to p. )
the correct one. Gesamtkatalog der Wiegen -»
drucke . 8 vols. (Leipzig, 1925-1940). II
(data ?), 596-597. - Shall I add after (Leip-
zig, 1925-40)« ' ref erred to throughout the
paper as GW [ Standard abbreviation] .with
serial number J- [All items come from vol. II
containing Aristotelian worksj. Could Miss
Faulkner get the date of vol. II from the
Library ? It is a simple thing to check;
each üniversity (even Queens College) has
this Standard work on Incunabula.
(a) Complete title of Wellendoerffer's Oeco-
logium in Panzer, VII, p. 171, no. 358. Could
Miss Faulkner get it from a knowledgeable per-
son at the üniversity Library (I try myself ,too).^
(b) It is listed in Georg Panzer, Annales typo -
graphici ab anno MDI ad annum MDXXXVI . 6 vols.
Bowsky - letter August 23
c
i>
- 12 -
^,-
\
Nuremberg, 1798-1803. Should I note after
the citation of the Annales that 'Panzer* through-
out my paper is in ref erence to this work ? -
/There is a problem in my notation vol. VII etc.
/ Since there are only 6 volumes altogether, I
\ might have hsd a set in my hand consisting of
j 2 different works by Panzer coni^idered 8n6®work
_ \ only. Besides th e^HfoVlP^l^^'anzer there is an
earlier one, titled; Annales typographici ab
artis inventae origlne ad annum MD, Nuremberg,
^ 1793-1797. In most libraries the 11 vols. are
numbered 1-11. Then vol. VII would be vol. I
of the later work (i.e. Lrtin prints 1501-1336.
I shall check through the Queens L^br^ry, but
* could Miss Faulkner po?sibly and kindly have a
librarian check on whether thif? is so as I pre-
sume ? The numbers of the page and of this item
are correct.^
Certain problems concerning editing my ms. copy.
pp. 195-205
p. 201
pp. 203-205
Appendix III (MSS. and Early Printed Books Dis-
crussed in T^xt and Footnotes).
I did a sloppy job on the subheads. A%^aehe4,
^iesKe-^yintd -er listing of the headings on a separ-
ate sheet . -■'^■'.'-^vxA;.''^ T> VW--. Kj.Ti^ .,
Undemeath subhead (A.2)
FLORENCEs and the following names of eitles
ought to be indented like the preoeding names
of eitles. / ; . .
Commentary by magister Friburgensis must be
stricken out ; I was informed that this was
an error on my part.
Next to titles of early printed eöitions are
notations of reference works in which they are
listed. Since these are of interest only to
specialists, certain comr.on abbreviations like
Hain-Copinger need no explanation; otherwire
Bowsky - letter August 25
V ^ c>-^
- 15 -
'•:' n
i ^<
p. 207, line 7 Sc
-. line 18
2.
v„
»'^'^ "vvi
.{
'X', w»vv C/'W J^.-.i
p, 220, note 9?
an entire page listing abbreviations would
be requircd. In the case of Leffevxe's edi-
tion of Politlcs and Eoonomics texts I refer
to DK [Deutscher GesamtkatalogJ explained in a
footnote ( f>- Xi iu , V, :iO) rather than to one of
the host of reference works listing prints
of the Estienne publishir family; bibllq-
graphers of early printed editions teuȀ that
copies are bettei* d^scribed in catplogues of
leading book collections (I compared British
Museum, Bibliothfeque Nationale and others with
DK and I found the last the most satisfactory) .
• Would you permit me to break In these two
crpes your very desirable rule of citing füll
titles of beo^' at first mention. The reason
is the follov/ingt in note 2 on p. 207 (insert-
ed at the request of Prof. Baion) I roake brief
referencesto Aristoteles Latinus by wsy of exem-
plification and to the 'Bekker edition*. Could
I therefore refer the reader to the füll titles
like: Aristoteles Latinus (cf . or see note 4 of
Part II) and Bekker edition (cf. or see '^2 of
Part III) ? I did it once before - note 2 öf
Introduction - and you accepted it.
lines 3-4: "in the fifteenth- and early sixteenth
Century" - you put it this way; I suppose that
this is more correct than "centuries**.
p. 234, note 4:
^.
-Cr
p. 236, note 6
line 9? * ... The first of his works in this
field (or area) ...". I cited the passage fully
on a separate sheet so as to show the context
in which I thought this change dcirfble.
(ctd). line 1: Please, restore my statement
"on that day"; it is correct. Sorry that I
mislead you by my erroneous notion of a com-
mentary on the Economics , completed July 3,
1469.
-T r— m
MSS. of Bruni»s OECONCMICA Version - Status of list
■, ■'"•'I
July 1,1958
December ii<5,1858
TOTAL
TOTAL
Austria
Belgium
Czechoslovakia
Englana (incluaing Scotland)
France (Paris)
Germaiiy
Hungary
Italy
Netherlands
Spain
S'^itserland
U.S.A,
U.S.S.H.
Vati c an City
172
191
4
2
2
17
15
5
1
84
1
26
6
2
1
2b
\ yq'L
1
- G
f"
T^i.^v.
■^...r.
-auXA^I !
i " ' ^
.^, i- -^
'.,,. ^ X
A, ,'^Ai
-1
cO
i ö O - M^ «I
^0
L...
■^ ^ - j f^g ^k^r-- -jb k4
c
u -
MSS. of Bruni's Oeconomica Version - Status of Collection
First List (August 1957)
97
P.O^K. Finding List (Winter 1358)
60
c
Additional MSS. from catalogues,etc (Spring 1958)
e:
P^O.K. Notes (Spring 1358)
14
July 1,1Ü58
180
^
■ r"
OECONOMICA MSS. in England (& Scotland)
CA!ÜBRIDGE
C
Collection of Mr.A.N.L.Munby
s.n. ,f •l6-26v
Sidney Sussex Colle^^e
[C.M.A. 730], f. ?
University Library
Add. 6180, f. 29-54
EDINBURGH
University Library
D.b.V.l6,f*48-.56v
HOLKIIAI^ tIALL
LOCTON
379,f.2-26v
444, f.
British Mnseiim
Arunde 1 3 73, f. 40-5 2
cod.Add. 6 885
Add. 26 784,f*48-59v
Add. 39 654,f.32v-50
MALVERN
(.
Collection of C.'Y.Dyson Perrins
64, f. 199-205
— J-<-"- -^
OECONOMIGA MSS. in England
- 2 -
OXFORD
( )
Bodleian Library
D»Orville 525, f. 27-51
Canonici lat.olass. 289,f .188-(204)
Canonici lat ,misc. 225,f.69v-71
Canonici lat.misc. 352,f .105-(116)
Digby 130,f.M-51
Add.C. 264, f. 107-119
40 057 (Bywater 5), f. ?
4''
OECONOMICA MSS. in France
PARIS,Bibliothe4ue de l»Ar:jenal
1151 (1 B L), f. ^1-65 o
V
PARIS, Bibliotheque Nationale
^ lat.ü310,fail-117
. lat.6oia,f. 'o^ - 1^3
^ lat.63i;5,f.76v-Blv
- lat.651ö,f.l-i^5v o
^ lat. 6581, f. 145-156 ^
^ lat. 656*^, f, 4-37 * «
- Iat.ü616,f.5e-80v
^ lat. ?662, f. 1l6v-1G8v
J lat. 10 193,f.&7-92v
^ lat. 11 138,f.49-65v
V lat. 16 087,f. it<^Nf-Clv o
^ nouv.aci-^. lat. 566 o
1/ nouv.acq. lat.650,f .i^'-lO °
PARIS, Bibliotne^ue ae 1 »Universite
570,f.4v-6v o
■,*
'^*'-V-v^^;
s Ov^ ImJ -v^ t ,^
V
c
J
Mss, of Brani*8 OECONOiaCA Version
3PAIN - Datailad dtscriptions of mss. (not n^c^ssarily of the OECONOMICA)
BARCELONA, Bibliot9ca Uniyer8itaria,co(i,752
from the catalogae of Rosell
o CORDOBA,Archlyio Catadralicio,coa.l32
* froffl P.O.K« - no folios andtezt analysls
^ El E3C0RlAL,R»al Bibliot»ca,cod. f.II|f.III.7;f.III.25
—^ from the catalogue by Antolin '^vi F, 13, IV, (^.^-f)
V MADRID, Biblioteca de la UniYer8idad,cod.l09;114
from the catalogue by J. Villa-Amil ;114 from P.O.K,
v/ SALAMANCAjBiblioteca Universitaria, cod.2265;2603
from P.O.K. - 2265 with folios bat wo awalyniH of teatt,.
2603 without folios and - indi e atio» of "
o SEGOVIAjBiblioteca de la Catredal,cod.86;s.n,
from P.O.K. - 86 with folios and text
s.n» no folios and text indicated
SEVILLA, Biblioteca Colombina,cod. 5-3-13 ;7-4-16
from P.O.K. - 5-3-13 no folios and text indicated
7-4-16 folios and text indicated
•■>•' I
G
TARAZONA,Biblioteca Capitular,cod,lll
from P.O.K. - folios and text
TOLEDO, Biblioteca del Cabildo,cod.l3,7;94,15;95,18
from catalogue by Octavio (to be rechecked)
and P.O.I. - (i37r>ith folios and text indicated
947151"
ft
n
n
it
it
V
VALENCIA, Bibli)teca Univers itaria, cod. 72i;828;Gutierrez 359
from catalogue by Gutierrez
and P.O.K. (not yet Gutierrez 359)
o ZARAGOZA, Biblioteca Capitular, cod. 16-54
from P.O.K. - no folios but detailed text
L
Hispanic Sooiatjr
Cl •
Index to th« Additional Ifanuseripts with tbost of the Eg^rton Colleetion,
praserved in the British Museum and acquired in the years 1783>1835. Lon-
don 1849. 514 pp. Arranged alphabetically. Covers Additional mss.no,
5017-10018 and Bgerton 1-606. (Hispanic Society) (Add.6885,f.l-25v)
Coimbra - Publicacoes da Biblioteca Geral da Universidade. Catalogo de
manuscritos (Codices 1931 a 2046). 1946. 199 pp. (Hispanic Society).
Ho index.
Leon - Bibliotheca Legionense:Su origen y vicisitudes. • .by D«Ramon A.
De la Brana. Leon 1884. 91 pp. pp« 55-60: Alphabe tical list of
36 mss.
R.Beer and J.Elroy Diai Jimenez^Noticias bibliograficas y catalogo
de los Codices de la Santa iglesia Catedral de Leon. Leon 1888.
XXXIV, 44 pp. 40 mss. No index.
Lisboa - Fr.Portunati a D.Bonaventura. . .Commenteriorum de Alcobacensi
mstorum (sie) Bibliotheca libri tres. Coimbra 1827. 191 pp.
No index.
Bibliotheca Nacional de Lisboa. Inventerio. Seccao XIII - Mantu-
scritos- Colleccao PombdlAna. (By J.A,Moniz) Lisbon 1889 (on
cover:189l). 204 unnumbered pages,and 143 pp. 758 mss. ,mostly
modern.
^-f,'
ri
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C)
Cues (P.O.K.: Kues)
Title of Handschriften Sammlung des Hospitals
Literature: ^ A*^i ^ ^ ' f t '^ ■ , . -,
Archiv der Gesellschaft für ältere Gepchichtskunde (NN)
VIII (1843), 284-860: »Handschrif tenverzeichnisse' ^^^
610-612: Cues .
XI (1858), 688-756: »Aus Preussirchen Handschriften-
Verzeichnis Pen*
'w»4 -vw N^i
746
: Cues (^ <^v^ >uj>
t. vui C.,o
Serapmum
£)
t?.'K.
XXV (1864), 353-65, 369-83
XXVIZ (1865), 24-31, 33142; 49-51; 65-76; 81-89; 97-104:
*F. X. Kraus, *Die Handschriften-Spm.mlung des
Cardinais Nicolsu«^ v.Cusa' .Superseöed.
With Indey (XXVI^,100-104)
b»: i
^^^AJ^ 1^:.%^.^ V:v^^*_:. r^Ti-
u u c-.^
■c-
c
Brauschweig, Stadtbibliothek
E.Henrici, *Zuin Handschriftenkatalog der Braunschweiger Stadt
bi"bliothek* , Zentralblstt für Bibliothekswesen,
XXXV (1908), 158-61
•Bruchstücke mittelalterlicher Handschriften in
der Braunschweiger Stadtbibliothek' , Ibid. , XXVII
(1910), 356-363
Giessen, Universitäts-Bibliothek
F.G.Otto, Commentarii critici in Codices bibl.acad. Gissen-
sis Graecos et Latinos philologicos ••• Giessen
1842 (Latin mss. ,p. 3-108) NN
F.A.Schütz, •Handrchriften der Universitäts-Bibliothek zu
Giessen», Serapeum,IX (1848) ,353-357 14 mss.
Gotha, Landesbibliothek
F.Jacobs & F. A.Ukert, Beiträge zur älteren Litteratur oder
Merkwürdigkeiten der Herzoglichen Öffentlichen
Bibliothek zu Gotha. (3 vols.) Vol.I,no.2 (1835),
197-278: *Scriptores Graeci et Latini manuscr.'
Vol. III, no. 2 (1843), 379-404: Index NN
o
I
c_
Hamburg, Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek
Bibliotheca Uff enbachiana Universalis . . .venales prostant.
(4 vols.) Frankflirt 1729-31 Vol. III (1730) with Index;
Vol. IV (1731) with Index NN
Bibliotbhca Uff enbachiana Mssta seu Catalogus ... 2 vols.
in 1 (Halle, 1720) Vol. II: manyx Latin mss. NN
;
Mss. Catalogues - Germany
- 2 -
(>
Hambiirg, Stadtbibliothek
F.Eyssenhardt, 'Die italienischen Handschriften der
Stadtbibliothek I', Jahrbuch der Hamburgi^chen Wissen-
schaftlichen Anstalten, XVIII (1900, publ. 1901), 19-100
(24 mss., not indexed,not complete) NN
Halberstadt, Gymnal Bibliothek
Archiv der Gesellschaft für ältere deutpche Gepchichts-
kilmde. VIII (1843) ,284-860: •Handschriftenverzeichnisse'
653-659: Halberstadt
Vv^V
NN
Leipzig, Universitätsbibliothek
Serapeuin,VII (1846) ,234-37: Handschriften des Hofrat
G.Hänel
193-204: »Briefliche Mittheilung«Ä ..über
spanische und portugiesische Bib-
liotheken' lists 72 mss. at Cordo-
ba Cathedral (mine:*-132)
Heidelberg, Universitätsbibliothek
o
Catalogus alphabeticus Bibl.Acad. Heidelberg. - Cod,
Heid(elbergenses) . 9 vols. Centuries not given.
I: A - Bons.
II: Bontenock-Cyprianus .
microfilm at NN
Wiesbaden, Nassauische Landesbibliothek
^ G. Zedier, 'Die Handschriften ... 'Zentralblatt für Biblio-
thekswesen, Beiheft LXIII (Leipzig 1931)
W^--^*^ -» -v-v -/-liC
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- 5 -
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Gc5tt Ingen, Niedersächsische Landesbibliothek
Archiv der Gesellschaft für ältere deutsche Geschichts-
kunde. VI (1831), 200-202: Pertz, 'Handschriften der Kgl.
Universitätsbibliothek zu Göttingen». NN
Pf orta , Lande sschule
^^- Archiv ... XI (1858), 731-32 NN
Neues Archiv ... IX (1884) ,241-242 (Wattenbach)
II
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Politics text copied by Ficino
"TANZI Ll^ONARDO. - Erft amico del Vettori e cultare de» buoni studi.
Da Firenze erasi trasferito a Roma in caaa del Card. NiccolV Ridolf i
(Cl.It. 1,17). Nel »47 (l547) chiedevagü per conto del suo Cardinal«
la collazione di un» edizione della Politica aristotelica col testo da
lui emendeto sui codici pih autorevoli, II Tanzi non aveva altro di meglio
che un codice ^ manu Marsilii Ficini exaratus nonnullisque adnotationibus
illustratus' * (Clar.Ital. 1,25).»»
Francesco Njccolaj. Pier Vettori (r499-1585 ) .Firenze 1912, p. 164
C' K>
John Brlsco's Bnglish translations of Plato* s dlalogues
(J
**The Mirror of Justlc«,8at forth by Plato in fower sevarall
traatisasycalled GorgiasyRuthyphron^tli« Apology and Crito,faitb-
fully tranalatad out of tha original Graak by J.B«** This was tho
John Brisco bofore naeed^by whom this book was prasanted to tha
library in 1631.
This Ms. was in the possassion of the Honourabla Sociaty
of Lincoln* s Inn before 1630,
Joseph Hiint9r,Thrae Ca tal ogue s. . «London 1838, p. 7
f. III. A Catalogua of the Manuscripts in tha Library of
the Honourabla Sociaty of Lincoln* s Inn, pp. 251-413
no. VI (?).(130)
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Castello del Buon Consiglio
Trento,Italia
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Addresses,etc.
Dr. Guido Kisch, 415 West 115 Street, New York 27, N Y.
Tel.: 2-3483
Dr. Max Hamburger, 626 West End Avenue, New York 25 (? 90 Street)
Tel.: TR 3-9317
Rev. Richard P. Boeke , 149-10 Ash Avenue, Plushing (Bob Bauer)
Dr.O.W.Hassal,The Douce Manuscript
>, ■
* '
Belly (?),War and Society in 15th Centxiry Plorence.
Toronto rüniversity Press - Bruni's De Militia.
P.O.K. review
(
Rev. John Brush, 66 Oxford Road, Newton Center, Mass.
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Alte Unlversitaetsstrasse 1I_
Mainz
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Charles Dickens, Po sthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club. With illus-
trations by R.Seymour,Phitz and Crowquill. 2 vols. New York?
Collier (104 Beekmanstreet) 1938
[Preface,Dedicatory letter to Sgt. Talford, 27 Sept. 1837]
Walter Scott, The Lady of the Lake. Boston: W. Wells & T.B.Wait 1810
Walter Scott,Autob±iography [Bart], Philadelphia: Gary & Lea 1831
C)
Friedrich Schlegel, Lee tures of the History of Literature,Ancient
and Modern. From the German. 2 vols. Philadelphia: Thomas
Robson & Son (Printer: William Fry),1818
J ■ lfc^.111» ^ 1 1 , ^■■■. M^ ..,..... .■ jM -y^ ^ p.^ 1
r
MISCELLANEOUS NOTES II
A.
-.'^ ■■*
1. Data to be checked
C
2» OECONOMICA mss. in Milan (Ambrosiana) ,Florence (Laurenziana
- owners), Madrid (Bertalot), Venice, Bologna
C
3. Notes on Valgrisius,Zenarus, Poliziano, Tartaretus, French
humsnists
4. OECONOMICA : printed editions, V.Rose on literature
5. ETHICAt Renaissance Latin Trrnslations,
B.
1. Annotated Geiman translation of Crevecoeur' Reisen
2. Xenophon; Goethe 's interest in POLITICA
3. Bible - chapter and verse
4. Bibliographical notes from Gothein,etc
■ i I
V
/ V,'
Various notes on
Wellendorffer
MSS, in Leipzig
V
Oratio in hypocritas v
Trier, Stsdtbibliothek
Seneca-Paulus Correspondence BaselVMss .Catalogue 1,1960
PsHudo-Plato,Liber de philosophia,
tr.Ficinus, ed. Paulus Niavis
Neues Archiv für sächs.
Geschichte
Commentary on Politics,by Michael Speier, Lyceum * -
Piccartus, Leipzig 1615
Buridan, Questiones super Eth.VI-X Göttingen, Univ. Bibl.
,iui^.j.\ ;,,,),- i;y .;^ I j[^^^<^ „ ■ ■_ ....;., .<iiU<>>.it'k-AiJiii.„.'; J.-....^ >
^^ , - .M»:A*^u^1^iJ...,j..-n.V,«,'...>,i.-f.'.*^fa*t»,-^M>
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Leonardo Bruni & Hls Publlo* Appendix II. Addltlonal IISS. - 1 -
pl8a LOITDONt British Museum
- ^ Add, MS. 27 491, fola. 17v - 24vt Preface, books I
^cc ^yL^i^ai and II ^
Catalogue of Addltions to the Manuscripts In the Brl- ;
tl8h Museum, 1854-75. 3 vols, London, 1875-80. Vol*
2 (1877), 325-326
p27a OXFORD, New College , :
L-~ > MS. 228, fols. (189 - 196 ?)t Preface, Book I, Cominen- |
-. . i\>v*'^ tary on Book I (?)
prt--«> C
H.O.Coxe, Catalogus Coüicuxn Manuscrlptorum qui in
Collegiis Aulisque Oxoniensibus ... I, 84
95a FLORENCE, Collection of the late Coininendatore Tamaaro de Marinis
s.n., fols. 161 - 171t Preface, books I and II
Written by Gabriel Altadellus, 0.1450
W.H.Schab Gallery, New York, Catalogue 46, no.l ;
texts verified by Kristeller
133a ROME, Biblioteca Nazionale Central^ Vittorio Emanuele II
Vittorio Emanuele 1 331, fols. 2-32: Book I (fragm. at
the beginning), Conjnentary on book I, Book II, CoLmen-
tary on book II - fol.l is missing; it probably con-
tained preface and beginning of book I.
7.'ritten by Galeotti, son of Pietro Martinozzi, in Fanl,
c. 1450
P.O.Kristeller, Iter III
jf" 212a VATICAN CITY, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana
' y cod. Patetta 303, fols. 1 - 25v t Preface, book I,
S^«^ ^TVt^^-t p^^c Commentary on book I.
Owned by Marnus Tomacellus, N»aple's ambassaüor
at Florence
■7^
Leonardo Brunl A Hls Public • Appendix II. Add.MSS.
- 2 -
C
218a
O
Supplement
NÜHEMBERG, Former collectlon of Hartmann Schedel
8»n. listed in a oatalogue of c. 1498 (= München,
Staatsbibliothek, Clm 263f f • 129r) thuet
Moralia Arietotelis nove translationis« Ethicorum,
politicorum et yconomicorum libri per Leonardum
Aretinum omatissime traduoti«
Mittelalterliche Bibliothekskataloge D' utschlands
und der Schweiz* 111,3? Bistum Bamberg, ed. Paul
Ruf. (iaunich,1962), 811
/K-
218V
OXFORD, Balliol College
Ur'-
MS 242, fols. ? (still part of codex c.1540)
R,A*B. Mynors, Catalogue of the Manuscripts of Bal-
liol College, Oxford. (Oxford, 1963), 265
6»;
WÜRZBTJRG, Franziskanerkloster
221a f MS.^47, fols./f)
Vvritten b/ Johannes Cancer (Krebs) in a ÜFi^ monas*
tery in Basel diocese after 1459-
V
^-
^.
*X
Lutger Maier, Aufzeichnungen •••, Archivum Francis-
t^cum, vol. 44 (1961) t 193
C
C
, J
I
r-*V-.»«^ -■»>»' -w^- -.=
Cm*
Leonardo Bruni A Eis Publio« Appendix II* Addltional MSS* - 9 *
UüNICRyjStaatsbibliothek Bayerische
48a Clm 8 482, fols» 132v * 155 « Prefaee, Book I
oited by H« Goldbrunner, Durandua de Alvernia, Nicolaue
i^} von Oresme und Leonardo Bruni • Zu den Obersetzungen
der pseudo^aristotelischen Oekonomik« Arohiv für Kul*
turgeschickte« Vol.50, fasc. 2 (1968), p. 250, note 125
(with reference to an unidentified publlcation by hla-
seif in Quellen St Forschxmsen aus italienischen Archi-
ven & Bibliotheken, 49 (1969), p* ? )
C
V,.
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f«^v
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LMy ItMt 18a] LONDOHt British Ifusei». Md. US. 27 491
« 27 t 491 oart. s.ZV sMond half [BMt XVI^^ oant.J
ff« 54 Humanist Ic cur s Iva
f* Irt <*Libar laronimi abbatis Sanete Flore [Aliotto]«*
**l8te libar erst oongregationis Sanota Justina > id ast» mona*
chorum sancti Banedicti, daputatus iDonaaterio Sanotarum Flora
et Lucille de Aretio**«
1. **£2agni Basilii oratio da Invidia, a Nieolao Perotto
a greoo in latinum sermonam versa«** fola« Iv • 6
2« "Ruffi Sexti vlri consularls reruir gestarum populi
Romani Valantiniano Augusto liber* fols. 6v • 17
3« "Laonardi LBruni] Aratini Echonomicorun LAristotelia
transl&tio] ad Cosmam de Medicis.** f • 17b [BM dasoription]
fols« 17v - 18t [Prefaoat] *'Leonardi Aretini Echonomi«
corum ad Cosmam da Mediois sive da cura rei familiari"
fols« 18 * 21t BooJc I
fols« 21 • 24vt Book II
[Composition of Oaconomioa
reported by POX - 12/50/69]
4« *Beati Bemaordi de cura familiari opusculum«** f •24b
5. Tractatus **Leonardi Aretini da re militari**. f«27
6« Ejusdem Aristotelia vita, f «40
7« '*Responsiva Franoisoi Patrarcha ad Johannem Areti«»
num,** beginnin^t **Ignoti hominis sed noti n minis epistolam
habena legi;** 9 Sept. 1370, f« 48 [48 - 49]
8« **Fabula Tancredi Johaiinis Boohacii per Leonardiuc
Aretinum a vulgari aermone in latinum traductat** f «49b *
i49v - 54v]
Catalogue of Additions to the Manuscripts in the British
- 4k-~-W«aj«H^«
"T"^' ■
-•-.«•« -^ T' " y--
■ ? — ' ■' ■■ ^ <'
"~7
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iHy itemt Ida] IiONBON, British Museim* Add.US» 27 491 «* 2 -^
Küseum* 1854-75. 5 voli* London, 1875-80* - Vol.2 (1877)t
923 ^ 726* T.lth additlOM anci eorreotlon« of POE who sa«
the MS* In smuner 1969
O
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C
'■■«T*''' ^- .
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^:
Conparlson of MS/Brit. Museumt Add. 27 491 (• Cataloftu« of
Additions 1854-75, vol. II (1877) »525-26) wlth MS. Areaao, Blbl*
della Fratarnlta del Laicit 459 (• ITER» I» 4)
Araszo
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1*
2.
5.
4«
5.
6«
Rieron/xnia Aliottiiaf De
optlBO^vitt genere dillgendo
Basllt De Invldia (tr.Perottus)
Arlstotle» Oeoonomioa (tr^Bruni)
Leon« BninuSf De re siilitari
Idem, Vita Aristotelis
Responsiva FraBoisci Petrarche
ad Jovanneßi Aretinum» ine» Ig«
noti hominis sed not! nomini
7* Leon.BninuSy flabula Tanoredif
from Boccaccio
BM
[Owned by Aliotti]
1. Basil, De Invldia
f* Arietotlet Oeoonomica
(tr.Bruni)
4, Bernardus* De oura
rel familiari
5. Bruni, De re militari
6* EJusdem, Vita Aristo«
7t Responsiva Franoisoi
Petrarchi ad Johannem
Aretinim, ine« Ignoti
hominis etc«
8« Fabula Tancredi J« Bo-
ohaoii per L.Aretinum
e vulgari traducta
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lUy itemt 18a] LONDON, British MuseuA» Add. MS. 27 491
ret owner - Aliottl ' "
Aliottly Girolamo, abbot of S. Flora & Luoillaf Arezzo
Aliottusy Hieronymus (leronimus)
ITER 1,4 Arezzo, Blbl«, MS 459 yry simllar to BM Add «MS. 27491
1,78 Laurenzina, cod.Redi 89 leroniiDUs Aretinus abbas
Sanotaruffl Flore et Lucille (i.e. Aliottus), letter
to [ArchbishopJ of Forlfivensis)
1,117 Florenoe, Bibl.Naz. Magliabecchi 53« Hier« abbas
Aretinus oration on Franc* Zabarella card.
1,410 Naples, Bibl* Naz« V F 19t Letter of H. monachus
(Aliottus) to Petrus de Bellovisa (1440)
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[}iy itemt 27al OXFORD, New College, MS. 228
i:
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''Codex meml»ranaceu8 9 in folio, ff# 198, seo. ZV, oliii
Will. Warham, Archiep« Cantuarlensls LArchblshop Wllllan
Warham (1450 ? - 1532) J
»
1. Aristotells Ethioorum libri decen Latine traducti
per LeonardtUD Brunl Aretlnum •••[at endtQ 1452 per me Jo R<
2. Ejusdem Politlooruni llbrl octo •••
5« SJusdem de rei domesticae admlnlstratlone llber
primus, eodem Intarprete fcl« 189 "
R* 0* Coxe» Catalogus codicuBi manuecrlptorum qul in
collegiis «ttif»» aulisque Oxonlensibus hodle adservantur*
2 vols. Oxford 1852. Vol. I, part 7f p«84
(
Letter froxn George Parks, 20 August 1969
-i,
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[Uy Itemt 46a J HANOVER, Nledersächslsohe Landestlbliothek
IV. 406* oart* s.XV 12 x 19 1/2 om 83 wrltten -
leaves; threa poges vacant (f«30'*^; 60^)
6 fly-laavea in tha baginnlng (f • I^ table
of Contents In s« ZVIII llbrarian^s hand|
11 fly-leavaa In the end old blndlng (ap-
parently a« XVIXI), loosa; laavea in the
beglnning are worooiholed taxta wrltten
by aeveral (four ?) Italian hands in hiimanis*
tic Script
1« fols« 1-^t [Guarini Ferrarensis Artiuxn cozmendatio]
(Rad rubr. titlet) Artiiun comiaendctio per guarinum fer-
rarie oxordita.
Lx]lcet patres observandi et doctores exoellentissiica •••
X ••• ac laudi esse possitis* deo gratias. Finis*
2« fols* 3v-13t [Epistola Leonardi Aretini ad Co8]iiax& Medicem
aupra principiiiin Economicorum Aristotelis]
fols« 5v-6? [PrefacG with the above title]
fols. 6-9vt Book I
(Rad rubr. title » last two lineo on bottoxn of f»60
EconomioomiD aristotelis liber primua per dominum
leonardtim e greco in latinum translatua* Incipit«
fola* 9v-13v! Book II i
(Red rubr. titla following axilicit of lib# I t) Ex-
plicit liber primua» Economicorum aristotelis» In-
oipit secundua.
(Red rubr* explicit? ) Aristotelis Eoonomicoruir. liber
secundus et ultimus explicit feliciter. Dao gratias.
5» fols. 14-29V! [Guarini Veronensis Traductio operls Plutarci
de liberis educandisj
J
Ci
Q
[Uy itemt 46a] HANOVER, Nledrrs. Landesbibl. IV. 406^
m ^ m
4.
fol. 14^*^t (Preface!) Inciplt prefatio guarinl veronen-
sls In plutarciiB
folö. 14v-29vt Text
(Red rubr* titlet) De liberis educ^ndls (sie) plutarc*
0U8 Inclilt. E greco In latlnum. A quarlno uno vero«
nense doctlsslmo traductus«
fol. 50^*^? vacant - prepared for writlng
fols. 51-60? [Petr.Paul.Vergerius. De Ingenula morlbus et
llberallbus adolescentlae atudils]
(Red rubr. title In block lettterst) Petrl Pauli Ver-
gerll Hlstrl ad V. Bertiniun Carrarlensem De ingenuls j
morlbus et llberallbus adolescentle studlla Inclplt
fe Heiter« In nomine Ihesu Nasarenl Amen.
(Inc.?) [F]Rancl8Cus senior avus tuus ... x ••• nl-
chll tibi nlsl ••• defulsse. Laus deo.
5.
fol. 60^? vacant
fols. 61-83? [Dares Phryglus a Cornello Nepote In linguam la-
tlnam versus.] v^ i i ^ / . j .
E. Bodemann, Die Handschriften der kgl. ocff entliehen Blbllo«
thek zu Hannover. (Hanover,1876), 70 - B. quotes the tltles
of the 5 parts of thls Ms. from the trble of content s on f ♦
I*" whlch 1 aiL uslng In my descrlptlon In brackets; otherwlse
m^ In cltlng tltles, Inclplts, etc. I am relylng on my obser*
vatlons.
o
^^^^^-»^gvwe'C' \\^, MS^ ■ ^t'^riy^'^y%-^y'i j! ( ^u^tJu^-^^^^^)
[Vy Item 46al
C
HANOVERy Niedertaehsiseh« Landasbibliothak
IV^ 406a <* No« 3 (foXs. 61«»83)9 Daxes
Phryglus a Cornelio Nepote In lingual
latlnaB versus*
* ••• Nun haben wir aber neben der lateinischen Ephenerls
belli Trolanl des Septlnlus In 6 Bb [Bttohern] noch eine lateini-
sche Hlstorla de excidlo Trolae von einem Phryger Dares ^ der
ebenfalls Zeltgenosse des trolanischen Krieges sein will und des-
sen Manuskript nach dem Einleitungsbrief Cornelius Nepos in
Athen gefunden haben soll* Dass auch diese ausserhomerlsche Dcur-
stellungy die im Gegensatz zum Diktysbuch die Partei der Troer
nimmt ••• auf einer griechischen Vorlage beruht, ist kaum zu ba«
7
zweifeln» •♦• Das griechische Daresbuch wird schon von Schrift-
stellern seit dem 1. Jhd. n* Chr« zitiert, scheint aber im
6« Jh*f da die byzantinischen Chronisten es nicht erwaehnen, im
Osten verschwunden gewesen zu sein, waehrend es im Westen in la-
teinischer Bearbeitung sich hielt und gerade dort, wo sich FUr-
stenhaeuser mit Vorliebe von Trola ableiteten, Grundlage der
mittelalterlichen Troiadichtungen (B^noit de Sainte More, Roman
de Tro ie) geworden ist ••••*.
7 O.Schlssel v. Fieschenberg, Daresstudien, Halle 1908, 91 f*
128 setzt das griech» Original in das 1. Jh* n* Chr«
11 ••• dazu 0« Schissel v. Fieschenberg, Daresstudien 128 ff*}
Isid. Hispal* Orlg* I 42,1
Schmld-Staehlln, Geschichte der Griechischen Literatur. Hand-
buch der Altertumswissenschaft. Siebente Abteilung. Zweiter Teil.
Zweiter Band (München, 1924), 812 (From § 733? der Troiaroman)
xy
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[My itea i 48aJ MUNICH, Bayarlseh« Staatsbltliotbek. Cla 6482
Ft 1
f. 3
f. 8
t. 11
f* 15
•• 8 482 (Mo^aAug. 182) nlseell. in 4^ 8*XV 290 fols.
Conolusa In dla«ta Fmaibofurten»! in Ootobri •• 1154
Epistola ad fratrem quandaa data ax Wyapeki
Aeneae Sylvii ad Imp* FridericuiD III epistola
Bulla publioata oontra Teueres (sio)
f* 25
t. 39
f. 45
f. 45
t. 52
Epistola regum etc ad res Constantinopolitanaa
spectanteSf cf« iten f. 59«>82
Franoisoi Philelphi ad KarMuin Francorim regein
oratio a» 1451
Johannis de Castilio legati apoatolici ad Ladislaum
Hxmg« et Boh« regem exhortatio in Turoos eum eius
responsione
Thomas Seneca ad Mediolani duoem (metrloe)
Ladislai regis et Ragusiortun epistolae
Voeabula Terentiana
f • 54 Conquestio uxoria Chaviohioli Papieasis ad ipsum
quod non daret operam liberia eun mariti responso
(matrlce)
f • 59 '^[82] Ladislai regis epistola et acta varia
f. 93-95 Excerpta ex Sallustio Criapo cf . item 134-144
f. 97 Oratio contra Turca» fitem alia 145-149
f • 101 Aeta in conventu Ratisbonensi a* 1454
f, 104-153
f* 107-109
Epistolae Benedicti de Anania, Johannis Spelim-
bergensis, Leonardi Aretini, Jamuensium ad ducem
Mediolani de eorum rebellione
I
c
c
Clm 8 482 «» 2 «
Caxdlnalls d« Coluiona, Guarini VeronenslSp Lo«»
dovlci Ferrarlenolo t Clnoli Romanl ad EduarduM
fortugaliae regem ooiunendatlva pro Benedleto de
Ananla eiue regia eeeretarlo*
Interlecta siint
f • 106 squv Leonardl Aretini praefatio In Xenophontem
f. 111-124 Poggil Florentini or# funerarla pro Nicoiao
Nicoli
f. 124-127
[t. 134-149]
f. 150
[fa52vl55l
t. 156
f, 158
f. 160
f. 257
f* 269
Jacobi Utinensis or« in Leonardiun Justinianim
on fols. 154-144 Excerpta ex Sallustio Crispo
f. 145-149 ?
Oratio de scientiarium (i.e# disciplinaruzn)
generibua
Aristotle, Oeconomica,tr«Brtini (Goldbmnner)
Oratio pro matrimonio Ducis Mediolaneneia
Guarini or« pro matrimonio comitis Jacob ini
Orationes in universitate Wiennensi habitae per
occasionem promotionum ad licentiatus m^ doctora«
tue honoree sub Johanne Poltzmacher et Alberto
comite de Scl^sumbttrg factanim
Hegulae cancellariae Papae Pii XX
f. 256 Pauli II
Collatio die declarationis Friderici Regis pro
Nicolao V Papa a« 1447. •
Catalogua codicum manuscriptorum Bibliothecae Regiae filonaeen«
Bis. T* IV, p. 1 (Munich, 1874), pp. 31-52
J
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lUy itemt 48a] AfiUNICH, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek. Clin 8482
"Die Bearbeiter des Katalogs haben ganz offensichtlich
die beiden (Brimlschen) Texte über die Hauswirtschaft für
einen Teil des vorangehenden l'/issenschaftskatr^logs gehal-
ten, aehnlich wie auch Guarino in seiner Hochzeitsrede die
res uxoria in die groessere Reihe der antiken Kunstfertig-
keiten zu setzen für jnoeglich haelt» - in. übrigen sind die
beiden Brunitexte und die beiden Hochzeit ssermone von mei-
nes Trachtens italienischen Haenden auf den freien Blaet-
tern eines sonst deutschen Codex eingetragen»
150 - 152 oben? (beginnt verstüarcelt? ) seicper summa ora-
toribus dignitas fuit, perterritos milltuB aniiDOs frequen-
ter a metu recovarunt ••• - ••• et in littore nudum eiect-
um fracibus venerabiliorem ostendit* dixi dei laude* amen*
Kurze Aufzaehlung der Artes; Gram, und Log« fehlen; Text be-
ginnt ininitten der Rhetoriii, dann Arit. Geom. Mus# Astrol»,
und Philosophie, diese unterteilt in naturalis, civilis,
ffictaphysica.
152 oben - 153 oben? (von anderer Hand? ) preciosa sunt
interdam (sie) parvi corporis quod lapilli geaeque
• •• nunc ad ceptuic (sie) veniazrus«
• • •
153^ oben von aehnlicher Hand? [R] Es faailiaris et res
publica inter se differunt •«• - ••• parata enim non requi-
rentur»
C
155 una die folgenden 5 Blaetter leer.
156^ - 157^ von dritter Hand? Pro matriiconio illustrissi-
mi duci mediolanensis sermo oracio« Apud Ciceronem ••• -
«•• Vereor ne oracionis inornata prolixitas fastidio foret
audientibus; quamobrem ad alia fl cto stilum* Halbe Seite
frei. Zitiert zugunsten der She Cicero, Peulus (!), Dante,
Virgil, Lucan, Statius*
Clm 8482
- 2 -
C)
158^ - 159^ gleiche Hand? Pro matrimonlo magniflci comitis
eJaooblni et Katherine de (?)ipell Guarlni veronensis ora-
clo. Fuere nonnulll magnifici virl et cives spcctatisslmi ,
..♦Et alia soiencias» Cum agri colendi, rel mllltarls, na-
vigandi, edificandi artem eniuneret» /^ddunt eciam frequentes
hOE'lnes cetus iure sooi: tos sc lege viventes que civitates
appelantur ••• Alil autem ••• rem uxcriam quecD nuptiam •«•
- «•• Wune quldem prSo (?) paulo r^utenr post felicem e?se
videaiD«
C
159 und die folgenden 4 Blaetter leer# **
Letter from Dx. Natalia Hochstein ( üniversity Library
Munich) of iebruary 24, 1970,
mm^mt *^^.c**<
iö^.'^-Jv*^ -VW M:j,- ^.-e^'-y-fv^w-. ^ [nJiJü-i^^i}
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[ü^y Itemt 95a]
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f. 1 - 160
4-6
6v
7-8
8v
9-$60
160v
f. 161-171
161-162
162V-166
166V-171
171v
FLCRENCE, Colltctlon of the late
Commendatore ^Taicinaro de Marlnis
••■''.<
s.n. nenbr« 187 fola. (slightly water stalned)
wrltten and profusely lllumlnated by Gabriel
Altadellus, then a scrlb« In the pay of Al-
fonso of Aragon, at Naples, c. 1450
Ethloa, tr, Brunl wlth both prefaces
Praefatlo (A#8 Ethlconxro llbros facere •••)
vacant
Prologus (Non noviuc esse eonstat •..)
at the endt Altadellua llbr(arlus)
vacant
Ethicorum libri decem«
at the endt Altadtllus scripsit (Schab,
plate 2)
vacant
Oeconomlca, tr* Brunl
L*A« praefatlo in Oeconomica Arlstotelis ad
Coamam de Medlcls
A*8 Econonlcorrim liber« Inolpit primns •#•
Seciindua A«8 EconomicoruBi liber incipit secun«
dus et ultlmus
at the endt Finia seciindl et ultli&i A*a
Economlcorma librl
t vacant
f. 172 - 187 t leagoglcon
William H« Schab, Catalogue 46 [1968 ?], 2-3 with 2 color plates
(pagination different from above)| codex eeen and deacription
corrected by POK in siUBi&er 1969; on scribet T» De Uarinis, La
Blblioteoa Napoletana (Milan, 1952), 1,13 sequ«
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Vlttorlo Emanuel« II
Vlttorio Emanuel« 1 331
old blndlng, nembr« s.XV (1430 ?) 65 tU.
penned by Qaleotti Martinozsi [llattenozzl ?]
at Fanl (f.65v)
Bissing; it probably oontained prefaoe and begin«
ning of Book I of Bruni*$ Osoonomica
Book I (fragnentary at the beginning)
t.l
f .2 • 5vt
f »6 * 24 Commentary on book I
f .24v - 29vt Book II
f «agv • 32«
f. 32 V- 50t
f.65v
Commentary on book II
Isagogicon (f »37 missing)
f • 50 - 65« Cicero letter
Conserverunt veteres librarii ••• Matanotius
[Matenozzi, Martinozzi ?J •#• Ego Galeottus
Petri filius ••• Fano •••hoo opus propria manu
transoripsi
iOwner's Initials«] f.64v« G.S#| f*32« O.S.
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[Uy iUmt 133a] ROMS, Biblloteoa Nasional« Central«
Vittorio Emanuela II
Vittorio Enanuala 1 331 ,^
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Thl8 codex reoently ao<iuired ty the Biblloteea seema
to belong the colleotlon of the family llartlnozzi (Fanl«*
Siena) as the following oondloes indioatet
Vittorio Emanuele
■/•^S'.f
1332
1333
1334
1335
1336
Vita Cioeronis 1448 penned by Galeottum MartinotiUB
Bruni (tr,) De
belle Italico
Bruni (tr.) Vi-
ta Aristdtelis
1450 • • • •
1450 • • • •
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Napollt Blblioteca I^azlonala
IV F 59 owned by M^T. (Juvenal)
ZIV D 25 Cicero, de dlvinationetfrag
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S« Martino 42 Laur. Valla, two lettera
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242 (H«A»B« UynoTMf Cataloguo of tha Manuscrlpts of Bal-
liol College, Oxford. [ Oxford, 196 3] t 265) t whioh oontain-
ed the three treatises. This was the gift of Bishop Wil-
liam Gray 0« 1430, after bis travels to Italy and his
lavish Orders of books fron Vespasian and others« The
Oeconomica is now misslng; but it was seen by John Leland
there about 1340 on his tour of the libraries (Colleotanea,
vol. iv, p.63. 1774/re-ed.). Mynors notes Leland's refer-
^noe^ (p* 263), but he does not include the Oeoonoinioa in
his index.
Leland 's notc? Ethica et Polltioa Aristotells, interp.
Leonardo Aretino ad Mart. V. - Oeconomioa (saae transla-
tor to same). *
Letter from George P'arks, 20 August 1969
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"...wohl aus dem Minoritenkloster. Sammlung von Briefen
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u.a.".
• »
Paul Lehmann, 'Mitteilungen aus Handschriften, IV', int
Sitzungsberichte der philos.-hist. Abteilung der Bayerischen
Akademie der Wissenschaften. München 1933, Heft 3, Seite 72.
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I
MISCELIANEOUS NOTES I
A.
c";:
■.n
!• Life dates of Humanists,etc.
2. Notes for "Diffusion of OECONOMICA": Sir John Mandeville;
Piccolomini letter; Statistics , <1Vx^]mt>^ (■^«^'^0^. ^v>\.vv^ )
3. Pseudo-Bemardi Epistola de cura rei familiaris
4. Francesco Barbaro,De Re Uxoria
B.
!♦ Roman Calendar
2. Writings by Bruni: Listing by Baron with corrections by
Bertalot; Wotke on Isagogicon,etc. ; Domenici on Briini
3. Notes on Bruni: A. Life - Bibliography; B.Translator -
Bibliography; C. OECONOMICA - Texttradition
4. OECONOMICA MSS. and their omners: Milan, Florence, Bologna
5. OECONOMICA commentatorss Bechi, Crab, Dionysius Burgensis
i.
r
" g« . 1 iW
- ' . - t ' .n. ■•"'
Life dates of Humanists
(Percy Gothe in, Francesco Barbaro. Berlin 1932, p, 342-344)
O
n
Kiccolo Niccoli
Guarino Veronese
1363 - 1437:11,4 Florance
1 374 - 1460:XII,4 Verona
Grasparino Barzizza c.1360 - 1431 b.Barzizza,d. Milan
Francesco Filelfo
1396: VII, 25 - 1481: VI, 31 b.Tolentino
d.Florence
Poggio Bracciolini 1380:11,11 - 1459:X,30 B.Terranova
Valdarno, d.near Florence
Griorgius Trapezuntios 1395-1484 "b. Kandia (Crete)
Bartolomeo Fazio
Antonio Panormita
(Beccadelli)
1400-1457 l^eapel
1394-1471:1,19 b. Palermo, d.Naples
Pier Candido Decembrio 1399-1477:XI,12 b.Pavia,d. Milan
Ciriaco d'Ancona
(Pizzicolli)
Ermolao Barbaro
Giovanni Dominici
Nicolaus V (Tommaso
Parentucelli)
Pius II (Enea Silvio
Piccolomini)
1391 - after 1449 b.Ancona,d.Cremona
1410-1471:111 b. Venice, d. Verona
1443 Bishop of Treviso
1453 Bishop of Verona
1356/57 - 1419 :X, 6 or 9 b. Florence
d. Budapest (Cardinal 1408)
1397:XI^it; " 1455:111,24 b.Sarzana
d.Rome, Pope since 1447:111,19
1405:X,18 - 1464:VIII,15 b.Corsignano-
Pienza, d.Ancona Pope since 1458:
VIII, 27
i!
)
r
■• — ->-
^w^^> m ■■
l II •
Life dates of persons related to Humanism
Sigisraund von Luxemburg
1368:11,14 - 1437:XII,9
elected 1410: IX, 20, Kaiser since 143.
Este, Mar graves of Ferrara, since 1452 Dukes of Modena
Niccolo
Lionello
Börse
13Ö3/4 - 1441 Perrara
1407 - 1450 Perrara
1413 - 1471
Perrara
Montefeltro,Lord (Herr) of Urbino, since 1474 Duke
Pederigo
Medici
Cosimo
1410 (or 1422 ?) - 1482: IX, 10
13Ö9:IX - 1464: VIII, 1 Caregii
Gronzaga, Lords (Herren) of Mantua, since 1433 Margraves
G-ianfrancesco I
Lodovico III
1394-1444
1414-1478
r<*
\
Percy Gothein: Francesco Barbar o
.|.., , .- ...,, ,. , . ....... .^ .../.,■■
LONDON, Private Collection ehester Beatty ^ ...
Western MS. 101: F. B. Letters written under his sufervision
Anmerkungen, Vorbemerkung p«345
P. Augustin Rösler:Kard, Johannes Dominicis Er ziehungs lehre und
die übrigen pädagogischen Leistungen Italiens im XV.Jahrh.,'
Preiburg 1894 Ch.IV,n.l9 p.358
On Dominici as Card. Johannes of Ragusa and antagonist of human-
ism
n.20 p.358
Petrus Paulus VergeriusiDe ingenuis moribus,ed.Grnesotto, Atti
accad. Padova,191ö (Gnesotto says,published 1402)
n.25 p(yi8
Poggio Plorentinus: An seni sit uxor ducenda. Editions: Shepherd
Liverpool 1805» Florenz :Typis Magherinis 1823
n.29 p.358
Girolamo Mancini,Vita di Leon Battista Alberti. Firenze 1882
n.33 P.359
Marie-Josephe Pinet, Christine de Pisan (1364-1430). Paris 192?
n.38 p.359
K. Wo tke, Beiträge zu Leonardo Bruni aus Arezzo. Wiener Studien,
XI, 1889
Zielinski, Cicero im Wandel der Jahrhunderte. 1912
Baccio Ziliotto,La cultura letteraria di Trieste e dell' Istria.
Trieste 1913
Ad: Vergerius:De ingenuis moribus. Ed.Att.Gnesotto. Atti e memorie
della c. Accad. di Paova nuov.Ser. 36-^38,1914-22. Padova I9I8
Pery (Jothe in, Francesco Barbaro
- 2 -
'■J'
Ad: Pater Augustin Rbsler, Kardinal Johannes Dominicis Erziehungs-
lehre und die übrigen pädagogischen Leistungen Italiens.
Preiburg: Herder 1894. Bibliothek der katholischen Pädago-
gik, Bd. VII (with a translation of Regola del governo di
cura familiäre) ^lo.^
Leon.Batt.AlbertijDella famiglia libri IV. Opere volgari,ed.Bonuc-
ci. Pirenze 1844
I libri della famiglia, ed.G-irolamo Mancini. Pirenze 1908;
2nd ed. Pirenze 1912
Max Herrmann, Albrecht von EJrb und die Prühzeit des deutschen
Humanismus. Berlin 1893
Th. Klette, Bei träge zur G-eschichte und Literatur der italienischen
Gelehrtenreiiaissance. Greif swald 1888-89 ^^-i.c^
Girolamo Mancini, Vita di Leon Battista Alber ti. Pirenze 1882
C.Monzani, 'Discorso di Leonardo Bruni' ,Archivio storico italiano,
nupva Serie, t.5, p.29
Ludwig Bertalot, 'Porschungen über Leonardo Bruni Aretino* »Archivum
Romanicum, Vol. XV, n. 2 (1931) ,p. 284-323
( }
r ^ f'' \v ^ v ^ M -^^ % m0 f ■- ■ gffy | » . i» w. i .m ; ■ -
T
^ ' ■ T ■
(■
■o
-T
Life dates of Humanlsts - Index
. A. Italian Humanlsts (including friends,adversaries)
Gregorio Tifernate (1414-1462 ?)
Francesco Pizolpasso (c. 1370-1443)
Francesco Patrizi (d. 1494)
Nicolo Perottl
J^tonius Panormita (Antonio Beccadelli, 1394-1471)
.Giovanni Arcimboldi (1430-1488)
Nicolaus Scylliacus
Paulus Manutius (and family)
Antonio Riccoboni (1541-1599)
Angelo Poliziano (145^4 -___
Humphrey of Gloucester (1391-1447)
Card. Giovanni Dominici (1356/57 - 1419)
Pope Nicolaus V (Tommaso Parentucelli, 1397-1455)
Rudolfe & Alberto Pio
Card. Domenico Grimani (d. 1523)
Ser Piero Roncioni of Pisa
Pietro Loredano
Pietro Martire Vermigli (Petrus Martyrius Vermilius, 1500-
1562)
Antonio Francini
V^
)
o
\^
Belgian Hiimanists
A Listing according to Miraeus
■0
o.
C* French Humanis ts
Listingsv Cipranesco, A. LefrancacK (College de France)
Japques Toussaint (Tusanus, d. 13AT-)
_ Claude de Seyssel (c. 145.0 - 1520)
F. German - Alsatian Humanis ts
Nikolaus Cusanus (Krebs, - 1464)
Philipp Melanchthon
Jean (Joannes) Sturm
Am Spanish Humanist 3
Antonio of Lebrixa (Antonius Nebrissensis)
D. Diego Hurtado de Mendoza (c. 1530-1!^75)
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Literature on his lif e and writings
Philippe Argellati, Bibliotheca Scriptortun Mediolanensium .••
T. 2 (Milan, 1745), cols. 1081-1084, no. 12 789
Angelo Paredi, La Biblioteca del Pizolpasso. Milan 1961,
pp. 3-65* La vita di Francesco Pizojipasso,
Riccardo Fubini, 'Tra iimanesimo e concili. Note e giunte
a una pubblicazione recente su Francesco Pizolpasso
(1370c - 1443)*. Studi Medievali . Serie Terze. Anno VII
(1966), Fase. I, pp. 323-353; [Appendix:] 354-370.
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Francesco Patrizi (Patricius), bishop of Gaeta (d.l494)
friend of Pilelfo and Enea Silvio, left Latin poetry, most
of it unpublished, and the following moral-political work:
De Diecorßi sopra alle cose appertenenti ad una citta
libera e famiglia nobile. Tradotta in lingua Toscana de
Giovanni Pabrini, Venice: Aldus, 1545.
It is encyclopedic in character and deals in a comprehensive
way with the education of princes. Many subjects are dealt
with: agriculture, art and architecture , philosophy, medicine,
mathematics, imisic, family relations, law, city planning, and
many more. Of great interest are his remarks on literatore.
"HDPation (Horace) notions of the pleasure and Utility of
poetry are crossed with Piatonic ideas of moral criteria"
(Weinberg, Li terary Criticism in the Italian Renaissance, I,
86).
II Sacro Regno del vero reggimento e de la vera felicita
del* principe e beatudine hum^na. Trade tti in Lingua Tos-
cana da Giovanni Pabrini Piorentino da Pighine. Venice:
Comin de Trino, 1547.
A similar v/ork like the above. It was written between 1473
and 1483 and firct published in Paris in 1519« Its main
purpose was to give directives for the educstion of princes;
preference is given to the monarchical form of government,
"mostravano un senso vivo della realta politica" .
La Militia Romana di Polibio, di Tito Livio e di Dionigi
Alicarnaseo. Perrara: Marmarelli , I583.
Salloch, Catalogue 246 (July 1967), 39-40
Benjamin Brickman, An Introduction to Prancesco Patrizi* s
Nova de üniversis Philosophia. New York, 1941
Emil Jacobs, Prancesco Patricio und seine Sammlung griechi-
scher Handschriften in der Bibliothek des Escorial. In »Zentral-
Francesco Patrizi
- 2 -
(
blatt für Bibliothekswesen, vol. 25, part I (Leipzig, 1908)
(.)
(
(
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o
Salloch - Catalogue 235 (March,1966) : Renaissance
Patrizi, Francesco, DE DISCORSI sopra alle cose appertenti
ad una citta libera e famiglia nobile. Tr.in li^gua Toscana
da Giov^^nni Fabrini, Venice: Aldus, 1545
Patricius (or Patrizi) ,bishop of Gaeta (d.l494) »friend of
Filelfo and Enea Silvio, left ... this moral-political work,en-
cyclopedic in character and dealing in a comprehensive way with
the education of princes.
Renouard 131,3; Brunet IV, 441; BMC of Italian Books,p.493;
Weinberg, Li terary Criticism in the Italian Renaissance, 1.86.
Patricius, Pranciscus. DE IM3TITUTI0NE BEI PUBLICAE. Strass-
bürg 1594.
A later edition of the original Latin text.
(Patrizi) IL SACRO REGNO del vero reggimento e de la vera
felicita de ' 1 principe e beatudine humane. Tr. in Lingua Tos-
eana da Giov-nni Fabrini Fiorentino da Fighine. Venice: Comin
de Trino (?), 1547.
It was written between 1473 and 1403. and first published in
Paris in 1519. Its main purpose was to give directives for the
education of princes; preference is given to the monarchical
form of government. - BMC of Italian Books,p.493
Perottus, Nicolaus, CORNUCOPIAE sive Linguae Latinae Commen-
tarii ... Venice: Aldus, 1513
De Witt Starnes, Renaissance Dictionaries,p.36
Plato. His APOLÜGY OF SOCRATES ABB PHAEDO ... London, 1675
Harris, The i?'ii st English Translations of the Clas;;.ics,p.ll5
c
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Niccolo Perotti
o
Griovaiini Mercati, Per la cronologia della vita e degli
scritti di Nicoolo Perotti. (Studi e Testi). Rome 1925
( ■'
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Antonius Panormita (Antonio Beccadelli of Palermo, 139 4- 14 71)
was secretary to King Alfonso of Aragon and wrote his
history. It has value sinoe he was a witness to the events
he describes; it is the work of a courtier, and it is original
in so far as he tries to describe the character of the king,
Panormita does not write histor^y in the common sense, his
work is more a coliection of anectodes which make for inter-
esting reading. This explains the success of the work which
was often printed and found a commentator in Aeneas Silvius,
The anectodal character of the work is very obvious in
the Grerman Version: ' '
Der Regiments Personen und sonderlich des Adels Lustbuch,
die hohen Reden und Thaten Alfonsi weyland Koenigs zu Ara-
gonien ... Prankfurt: Zyriacus Jacob zum Barth, 1545
(Goedeke 11,126,4)
The anonymous translator sees in it a »Mirror for Erinces* ;
he Stresses in his dedication to the King of Denmark the Por-
trait of a just and virtuous ruler."
Salloch, Catalogue 246 (July 196?), 35
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Aldus Pius Manutius . *
Paulus Manutius
Joannes Petrus and Paulus (II) Manutius
They are really grandsons of Paulus Manutius, sons of
his daughter who married and moved to Rome. They dedicated
their book
Trans silvaniae olim Daciae dictae descriptio. Rome: Typo-
graphia Accolti^^ma, 1596 (Renouard 253)
to their Maecenas, Hugo Boncampagni, Duke of Sora, a natural
son of Pope Gregory XIII.
«
Salloch, Catalogue 246 (July 1967), 9-10
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Antonio Riocoboni (1541-1599)
pupil of Paulus Manutius, Sigonius, and Muretus, was a
teacher of rhetoric in his home town, Rovigo, and in Padua.
He was a distihguished interpretor of Aristotle's rhetorical
'riiit poetical works.
Riccobonus, Antonius. COMMENTARIÜS quo explic attir doctrina
Librorum de Inventione , Partitionum, Topicorum, Oratoris ad
Brutum, Librorum de Oratore. 8vo, vellum. Venice 1567.
In this volume he supplied a very extensive commentary
to Cicero* s rhetorical writings.
Riccoboni ridiculed Scaliger* s Claims to a noble descent
which led to an acrimonious controversy between the two
acholars.
W, Salloch, Catalogue 235 (March,1966) ,35
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Cardinal Domenico Grimani
Pio Paschini, Domenico Grimani, Cardinale di S.Marco
(d.l5?3). Rome, 1943
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T.^^yt>l*-t3 ([tyS^^tZt-o 'vi^-^vi^x^-wi- ' ( IVV -^^t J- ^<J^»^ C^y-^Zc ^tt^Vw-K^-V^^ t?tt
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LOREDANO Pietro
i>
^ '•■ ^
Schwiegervater des F. Barbaro, venezianischer Staatsmann
und Krieger , eroberte Dali]iatien,besmegte die Genuesen bei
Portofino»'
P.Grothein,Prnncesco Barbaro, p. 413
" ... Loredano war ein einflussreicher Staatsmann und einer
der schaerfßten Gegner der Politik des Dogen Prancei co Poscari,
der Venedigs Ausbreitung auf der Terra ferma förderte und da-
diirch diese langwierigen Kriege mit Mailand heraufbeschwor,
während Loredano an der von jeher geübten venezianischen See-
politik festhalten v/ollte,ohne Einmischung in die Händel Ober-
italiens zu suchen ..."
ibid., 240
■v_^-
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„1, I ■g fi»ii nuyH^ !» >«H.Hi it ^> j^ y '. II I y i .- ' J.
Petrus Martyrius Vermilius - Pietro Martire Vermigli
(note 45)
Chprles Sciimidt,Pet'^r Martyr Vermigli. Leben* und ausgewählte Schriften,
Elberfeld 1858
( ^
G. Benrath, Artikel Vermigli in Realencyclopädie für protestantische Theo-
logie und Kirche, begründet von J.J.Herzog, 3, Aufl. Leipzig
1896-1913
n
_o_
Antonio Francini (Antonius Francinus)
Joecher-Adelung, vol. 2 (Leipzig 1787; reprintt Hildesheim
... 1961), col. 1197 t
A ••• ein gelehrter Florentiner in der ersten Haelfte des
_[_16. Jahrhunderts, von welchem man hat?
Libros duos postremos Priiciani de Syntaxi castigatus
a Nie. Angelico. Florenz, 1529 '
Aristptelis Ethi^orum ad Nicomachum libri X. Jo« Argy-
ropylo interprete ••• c. Donati Acciajoli comment, editi.
Paris^ 15535 Afir st ed, Yeriice^ 1555J
Giulio Negri, Scritt. Fiorent. der doch das letzte Werk^
nicht kannte."
_, British Museum. Gen. Catalogue of Printed Books, vol.
__78 (1961), col. 74-75 : Francino (Antonio)_j:L^''See [among.
20 editions of Greek classicsj Aristotle [EthicaJ ..♦ n unc
primum editi Lby A.F.J, 1535.
29. f. 12
i>-^-'
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Life detes of Htunanists - Not listed b^fore
Devid Chytraeus (Theophilus Lebeus) 1531-1600 Petersen, 119: 1520-1600
Herman Conring 1606-1681
.■ ■ -. . «
Alessandro Piccolomini 1508-1578 see note
Emanuele Tesfturo 1592-1675 see note
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Al»8sandro Piccolomini (1508-1578)
philologist and man of letters, was born in Siena, was an activa
member of the Accademia dagli Intronati, and lator taught moral philo-
sophy at Pavia, Rome and Siena, He ended his life as >rchbishop of
Patrasso.
His classicel studies cent^ red »round tho rhetoric of Aristotle:
he published paraphrases of tha first book (see below), a complete
translation of the three books, and a oommentary. The Proemio of tha
Pfirephrese is of the greatest importance for the Renaissance tredition
of Aristotle; he does not indulge in controversies, like in his ' Anno-
tazioni' , but attempts to sketch the »ssentials of Aristotle' s poetic
theories. He apologizes for paraphrasing only the first book, but he
believes he has incorporated the mein tendencies of the secona ana
third book in his treetment, and he promises to render the salient
features of the work in almost the own words of the philosopher,
Copiosissima parnfrese ... nel primo libro della Retorica d' Aris-
totele, Venice: Varisco, 1565
C
Salloch, Catalogue 235, no. 1065
C
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Kmanuele Tesauro (l5mmanuel Thesaurus) (1592-1675)
from Torino, man of letters ona historian, was famous for his
tragedies and for his historical works on Piedmont. His greptest
success he gained with his works on the principles of art ana style;
he is regarded the founder of ' Concettismo' and one of the l^ading
theoreticians of the art of the emblem.
LA FILOSOFIA MORALE. Derivata dall'alto fönte del grande Aris-
totele, Bologna, n. d, (a 17th Century edition).
Salloch, Catalogue 235, p. 71; no. 1350 (with
hiography), no. 1351 (La Filosofia Morale).
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Various bi"bliographical notes on
French Humanists
Belgian Humanists
College de France (& AlDel T.M. Lefranc)
Nicolaus Cusanus (Nikolaus Krebs, -1464)
Antonio de Nebrija (Antonius Nebrissensis)
Jacques Toussaint (Tusanus, d.l547)
Diego Hurtado de Mendoza (c. 1530-1575)
Philipp Melanchthon, Jean Sturn, G4rard Rou?sel
Claude de Seyssel
( ,'
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fci<ii a » yirT i -' -■-— -
French Humanist s
i-*
A.Cioranesco, Bibliographie de la litterature francaise du
16© siecle [c,1959 - comes down to 1950] (Frame)
o ■
Verderius
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Belgian Humanists
Miraeus, Aubertus. Illustriiua Galliae Belgicae Scriptortun
Icones et Elogia. Antwerp: Philip Galle, 1608 (a first edi-
tion of the biographies only was published in 1602).
It includes
>
Canisius
Damhouderius
Vesalius
Gemma Frisius
Becanus
Rudolf Agricola
Erasmus
Clenardus
Canteinis
Lipsius
Commines
Busbequius
Ortelius
Joannes Secundus
Salloch, Catalogue 246 (July 1967), 19
Alois Gerlo, Bibliographie de l'Htimani?me Beige. Brüssels,
1965 (Preceded by a general bibliography of European humanism)
Salloch, Catalogue 233, no. 143
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Claude de Seyssel.
De Republica Galliae et Regum Officdis Libri II. Adiecta
est Summa Doctrinae Piatonis, de Republica et Legibus. ;
8vo, vellum. Strasbourg: W. Rihel, 1548 (Ritter 2123)
«
, Strasboiirg: W. Rihel, 1562
ConeidBred by Tilley as the first; BMC of Grerman Books,p.8l2
Claude de Seyssel published his * La Grande Monarchie de
France* in 1519. It is of great interest for the history of
political thought. "The writer reveals ±k his humanistic sym-
pathies by taking his examples chiefly from Greek and Roman
history, but he also refers to Thomas Aquinas, and his disciple
Egidio Colonna, whore *De Regimine Principum* was first publish-
ed in Augsburg in 1473. After passing in review the governments
of ancient Rome and Venice, he comes to the conclusion that
neither aristocracy nor democracy is so perfect and durable a
form of government as monarchy , and that of all monarchies the
best is that of France" (Tilley). Sleidan, the German historian,
tr -nslated the worj into Latin to make it known internationally ,
and dedicated it to King Edward VI. The first edition (1548,
see above) is almost unknown. Added to it and later editions
is a summary of the political philosophy of Plato.
Salloch, Cataloguc 235, p.55, nos. 1259, 1260
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OECONOMICA MSS. - Comparative Statistics
A« Ovid's Metamorphoses: copied in s.XV ca. 133 out of a total
of 390 (s.X -XVII) Franco Munari
B. OECOITOMICA (according to Lacombe)
1. translatio vetus; 6 (perhaps 8)
2, recensio Durand!: 2^ (mainly written in Grrmany)
Details on Lacombe 's mss.
I
1. translatio vetus: 669 (1455 written for Flehet ); 1454;
1500;
contaminatPd: 181 ( 1461, f rag. ); 1100 (before 1457,uncertain
content) ;
2. recensio Durandi: 206 (1429); 363; 398 (1461); 724 (writ-
ten in Italy); 748; 779; 799 (1472,Gcrman) ; |
802 (1488); 811; 816 (1474,German) ; 883; 926;
949; 986; 1008; 1014 (1459); 1052; 1081 (1468);
1084 (German); 1119; 1137 (1468); 1150; 1167;
1700 (probably Bohemian) ; 1790 (possibly German);
^1821 (1441;1468); 1663;
[799 - 1167 = 17 in Germany & Sv/itzerlandl
i
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OECONOMICA - Medieval Translations - Statistics
'■ ■> ' .->" ■■'■■ , ' »,•■'.•
A, Translatio vetus
1. Total: 16 (Lacombe 15 + l) '
a. Pure texts: 13
b, Contaminated texts: 3
2. Time of penning
a. s.XIII-XIV : 2
b. s.XIV : p +1 = 9
c. s.XV : 5
3. Places of dirigin: Italy (7 or possibly 14); Bohemia (1);
G-ermany ( 1 )
C
/
I
B. Recensio Durandi
1. Total: 72 including 2 dubious, 2 fragmentary and 2 contamin-
ated
2. Time of penning:
a. s.XIII : e
b. s.XIII-XIV : 3
c. s. XIV : 36
d. s. XIV-XV : 3
e. s. XV : 28
3. Places of origin:
Germany (certain: 9; in Grerman collections: 25, outside:l)
Prance (certain: 7 ^ in Prench collections: 10 »outside 7)
Italy (certain: 5 ; in Italian & Vatican collections: 10)
England (Certain: 2 ; in English collections: 4)
Enea Silvio PiccolÄmini Papst Pius II - On Oeconomica
"... Within the larger question of Ciceronianism as an attitude,
the smaller question of Ciceroniaiubsm as form almost vanishes. ...
In connection with the Aristotelian öäi^illationes which he found
r ) among the scholastics of Grermany ,Aeneas Silvius said • ... qui
libros Aristotelis et aliorum philo sophorum habeant,raros invenies»
(pp. 278-280). We seem to be back to the polemics of Petrarch against
the Averroists. All is repeated. Dear also to Aeneas Silvius is the
Aristotle of Cicera^Ad regendam familiam et te ipsum utilis erit
oeconomica ethicaque Aristotelis,t\im De Officiis Cicero et epistole
Senece omnesque libri ipsum* (p.284)5 hxi.^ woe to Aristotle when he
becomes an instriiment of the cavillationes of the scholastics. ..."
C
G.Tof fanin, Review of Berthe Widmer. Enea Silvio Piccolo-
mini Papst Pius II. Ausgewählte Texte aus seinen
Schriften, herausgegeben ȟbersetzt and biographicch
eingeleitet. Basel-Stuttgart: B.Schwabe & Co, i960.
Renaissance News, XV, 2 (Summer 1962), 152
■M^MMMiitaiftB
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'C)
Alison M. Brown, »The Humrnist Portrait of Corimo de' Medici,
Pater Patriae*, Journal of the Warhurg and Courtauld Institute,
vol. XXIV (1961), pp. 186-221
"The writings [humanist eulogiesj fall into four fairly well
defined categories: prefaces to translations dedicated to Cosi-
mo; letters of consolation; orations written for public delivery;
and poetic elegies and epigrams. Each one of these types of writ-
ing is to "be found in the Collectiones CosiKianae ,a codex of writ-
ings in praise of Cosimo in the Bibliotheca Laurenziana in Floren-
ce upon v.hich this study of the humanist portrait of Cosimo is
largely based •
MS. plut.54,10 ...
p.186
"It was compiled by Bartolommeo Sc8la,who lived in the Medici
house until Cosimo *s death ..."
p.186
" ... CosBiin.o was pr^ised firpt as a Roman republican states-
man ...; later as an Ar.i stotelian philOFopher-ruler who govern-
ing the Republic attained to philosophy and philosophizing govern-
o
ed th e Republic
8
ti
The v;ords are those of Angelo Segni to describe Donato Acciai-
uoli (Vita di D.Acciaiuoli,ed.T.Tonelli,Florence,1841,p.35;
see E. Garin, LIedievo e Rinascimento, Bari, 1954, p. 211 ) .
" ... The earliest writing in his praise vms the prefrce to
8 translstion,which as a form of writing was inevitably limited
both in scope and style. In Bruni's preface to his translation
of ps.-Aristotle's Economics dealing with the admini^tration of
family äff airR,which he sent to Co?imo in 1420, Cosimo is describ-
ed in terms of his v;ealth,as hesd of a propperou.^ merchant fami-
ly ^. .."
MS. plut.54,10,f .22 in H.Baron, Leonardo Bruni
p.l20; cf. E. Garin, Le Traduzioni ...,p.ll
Berlin, 1928,
A. M# Brown, * The Humanist Portrait ...*
- 2 -
u
" ••• But by the time of his neyt preface to Cosimo (in 1427,
accompanying his translation of Plato's Letter?) the emphasis
has changed; riches are no longer prfdsed as "both an ornament
to those v.'ho possess them and a means of practising virtue*
but are dismissed ••• and Bruni extols instead the virtues of the
mind,advising Cosimo to remember Plato's words, *äspecially those
conce rning the republic
le
. 11
ibid.
11
Baron, Sehr if ten, p .135
p.188
C
"Bruni *s terms of praise were,of course,l?rgely imposed on him
by the subject of the translation he was sending to Cosimo
p.188
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A. Gim^nez Soler, Itinerario del rey Alonso de Aragon
NM: - y Napoles. [Zaragoza, 1909], i^f^. 48|>( letters from
BXV Alonso to Bruni conceming Politi^s and Economics)
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Part III,note 34 (on cod. Ambrosianus J 115 sup.)« Ricardo Fubini,
•Fra Vinancsimo (?) e Consili. Note ... su Francesco',
J Studi medievali, 3.ser., VIII 1 (1966) [- vH, i (^i^u)
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Francesco BarbarOjDe re uxoria ~ Bibliography
[P.O,K»,Studies, Index, p. 593; also pp. 347-48]
Francesco Barbar o, Das Buch von der Ehe. Deutsch von Percy
Gothein. Berlin, 1933
,De re uxoria. Ed.A.Gnesotto. Atti e Memorie
della H.Accademia di Scienze Lettere ed Arti
in Padova. N.S. XXXII (1916) ,pp. 7-100
,De re uxoria. Ed. Amsterdam, 163 9
/
I I tmuun 'r*
"" . l l| P , I H Pi | ll .|J I
^ ' ' I ' " v ^^^^^m^^m'^mi^ ^ ■■ i .^u p iP>ippi^^wiwiiiiw^pfmpw^yyT*^g*p' -' [• ■ w" »" j i'i ^ i ^ i ' ji. *
IP1^ W_ PI . I if V I W t^ ^ — ^t -»^ir^ W— »»^ |^ .»« f ».1PI IMII» W | , l . l I p
C,^
! (
Francesco Barbaro,Das Buch von der Ehe, De Re Uxoria. Deutsch
von Percy Gothein. Berlin: Verlag Die Runde, 1933
Quellennachweise aufgrund der Ausgabe? Francisci Barbari De
re uxoria über, Nuova edizione per eure di Attilio Gnesotto, *
in Atti e Memrrie della R.Accademia di Scienze Lettere ed Arti
in Padova,^Nuova Serie vol . | XXXI 1915 J [ P . . K . : N.S. XXXII (1916J
p.89 (Anmerkungen)
Die Überschriften sind Zutaten um der Übersichtlichkeit wil-
len. In der vom Übersetzer verglichenen Handschrift! cod.Berol.
lat.468 von 1456 sind die einzelnen Abschnitte nur durch grosse
Initialen geschieden. Jedoch sind die Überschriften bereits vor-
handen in den ersten Drucken des XVI .Jahrhunderts.
note 15 on page 90
[zweiter Teil: VIII Von der Pflege des Hauswesens, von
den Knechten und Dienern J pp. 70-75
"Nunmehr über die Besorgung des Hauses mich hoeren zu lassen,
fordert die Zeit und die Stelle selbst. Moege man hierüber nur
das wenige erwarten, was wir uns unter allem als weitaus Nütz-
lichstes mitten aus der Erfaharung entnommen haben. Was aber von
Gelehrten geschrieben worden ist, werde ich keineswegs in
diesen kleinen und engen Raum einschliessen,dp nicht alles zur
gegenwaertigen Untersuchung gehoert und dann ein jeder aus den
Büchern .jener Maenner ersehen kann •«•
p.70
88
Quae vero scripta sunt a doctis viris gilt bei diesem Kapi-
tel vorzüglich für die Oekonomiken von Aristoteles und Xeno-
phon,die stark benutzt sind, qq
p • jO
[ References to Aristoteles, Oeconomica,A 3,4,5,6 - 3 times
to Xenophon,Oeconomicus, VII, IX - 6 times
to Plutprch,De liberis educandis 1
J
— ».^T y ■ ^ «»wr-
c
Francesco Barbaro^Das Buch von der Ehe - 2 -
[Widmung an Lorenzo de* Medial] pp. 13-15
"Unsere Altvordern, lie'bster Lorenzo , hatten den Brauch, die
durch Zuneigung oder Freundschaft ihnen Verbundenen zur Hoch-
p.13
zeit zu "beschenken
• • •
1 *
Lorenzo de' Medici ( 1395 in Florenz), der Florentiner Freund
Barbsros bis an seinen [Lorenzens] 1440 erfolgten Tod. Er war
E±Ä der getreue Helfer seines groesseren Bruders Cosimo.
p.89
• • •
(
Rief ich mir überdies viele unserer vertrauten Stunden
5
p.13
ins Gedaechtnis
5
Francesco hatte 25 ;jaehrig 1415 seine erste Reise nach Flo-
renz unternommen und sich mit dem dortigen Gelehrtenkreis an-
gefreundet. Die für sein Gedaechtnis liebsten Stunden verlebte
er hier mit Lorenzo de* Medici, dem Bruder Cosimos. p.89
... Vielmehr bin ich dem zum grossen Teil gefolgt, was Zacha-
rias Trevisano ,der berühmteste Bürger von hier ... mit Ernst
dargelegt hat, als wir einmal auf ein derartiges Gespraech ver-
fielen ... - .
p.l4
Zacharias Trevisano, d. 1413, feingebildeter venezianischer
Staatsmann, aelterer Freund des F.B. [ 1390-1454] , den er in Pa-
dua,wo B. 1412 die Rechte studierte und sich bei humanisti-
schem (!) Lehrer im Latein vervollkommnete, als Podestii der
Stedt in die Staatsbürgerkunde einführte...
p.89
8
... Du ahmst ja deinem Vater Giovanni nach, dem hochangese-
henen Manne, und deinem vortrefflichen Bruder Cosimo, mit deren
Ansehen, Klugheit und Rat du voellig gewappnet bist. Du hast
auch andre vorzügliche und hochweise Maenner zu haeufigem Um-
gang; sah ich doch waehrend meiner Anv'esenheit,mit wieviel Sorg-
falt und Eifer du vor allen den hochgelehrten Roberto de'Rossi
{
Francesco Barbaro,Das Buch von der Ehe
10
- 3 -
ehrtest und hochhieltest und wie Du ganz mit Recht fast nie
von seiner Seite wichest • Hinzu kommt noch der Verkehr mit dem
hoechstberedten Leonardo Aretino und nicht minder unserm weit-
belesenen Niccolb,bei denen du sicher neben zahlreichen andern
auch sehr vieles dieser Art bestaendig hoerst und aufnimmst ••
p.l4
8
10
Giovanni dei Bicci de* Medici, angesehener Bürger und Bankier
in Florenz, der durch massvolle Politik den Aufstieg seines
Sohnes Co^imo vorbereitete. p.89
Roberto de' Rossi,Schueler des byzantinischen Gelehrten Ma-
nuel Chrysoloras, Aristotelesübersetzer und Kopist griechi-
scher und lateinischer Handschriften in Florenz, Lehrer der
Brüder Medici. p.90
(
•.. Denn mag auch die gesamte Philosophie frucht- und ernte-
bringend sein ••• so wird es doch eine besonders ertragreiche
und ergiebige Stelle in ihr sein, wenn die Ehe, aus der sich die
haeuslichen Pflichten herleiten, nach bester Sitte und heiligst-
er Zucht klug, gewissenhaft und ehrbewusst gewaehlt, geordnet und
gehalten wird ^.•. „ tc
p»ip
15
In der Frührenaissance, vorzüglich in dem hier erwaehnten
Humanistenkreis in Florenz und in Oberitalien, macht sich zu
Beginn des XV. Jahrhunderts unter Anlehnung an Cicero, De
officiii III 2.5 eine Vorliebe für die praktisch angewandte
Lebensphilosophie geltend, die sich aus den neuerschlossenen
Quellen des Altertums (hier beronders Plutarch) herleitet
und die sich deutlich gegen die vorhergehende Periode des
begrifflichen Denkens der Spaetscholastik mit ihrem veral-
teten Einteilungs- und Aufbauschemax abhebt. ^ q^
P •y\J
J
Francesco Bar"barö,Das Buch von der Ehe
- 4 -
(
Nachwort
Zur Zeit als 1415 in Konstanz das Konzil tagte und alle be-
rühmten Geister dort versammelt waren, machte das eben erschie-
neue Buch ' eines venezianischen Edelmannes grosses Aufsehen;
die Handschrift, in der man es erhalten hatte, ging eifrig von
Hand zu Hand. Der Verfasser dieses Büchleins? De re uxoria ent-
stammte einer uralten venezianischen Patrizierfamilie und hiess
Francesco Barbaro. Er war einer der errten Venezianer, der unter
der Anleitung seines Lehrers Gusrino Veronese Griechisch ge-
lernt hatte. Nach Ablauf seiner iuriptischen und humanistischen
Studienjahre in Padua kam er zu kurzem Besuch an die Hochburg
des italienischen Humanismus, nach Florenz ••• Nach Venedig zu-
rückgekehrt begann für ihn eine glückliche Erobererzeit im Heis-
tigen: einen griechischen und roemirchen Schriftsteller nach
dem andern machte er sich in fieberhaftem Fleiss zu eigen, und
nach wenigen Wochen griechischen Studiums wpr er nicht nur im-
stande, die plutarchische Biographie des alten Cato ins Lateini-
sche zu übertragen ••• sondern er fasste auch den Plan, als man
ihn taldelte,er schriebe nichts Eigenes, zu der bevorstehenden
Heirat seines Lieblingsfreundes Lorenzo de* Medici etwas über
die Ehe auf Grund der neuentdeckten antiken Schriftsteller zu
verfassen ... ^ qc
p.op
(
(*) my note: the date of publication,1415,is improbable; Got-
hein states in note 5 on p.89 that Barbaro visited 1415
for the first time Florence and made there the accuaintance
of Lorenzo de' Medici; the latter married on
and Barbaro wrote De re uxoria for Lorenzo*? wedding.
... Zur Ergaenzung dieser Ausführungen [in Gothein*s book on
Francesco Barbaro J sei hier nur erwaehnt,d8ss es aus früher
Zeit, aus dem XVI .Jahrhundert, schon eine deutsche Überpetzung
des Buches über die Ehe gibt, die dem Verfasser früher entgan-
gen war. Tedoch ist diese deutsche Fassung im ganzen kein Ruh-
mesblatt für unser Schrifttum, denn es ist aus der feinen hoef-
J
Francesco Barbaro,Das Buch von der Ehe
- 5 -
liehen Ausdrucksweise eine derbe sektiererische Schmaehschrift
geworden. Übersetzung kann man dies Machverk nicht nennen, es
ist nur eine willkürliche Bearbeitung, in der dauernd auf Luther,
I ii^>l Ut (*i Zwingli und die Wiedertaeufer Bezug genommen wird. Im Jahre [151^!
war in Hagenau im Elsass der zweite lateinische Druck De re uxo-
( , ria herausgekommen. Drei Jahre darauf erschient Ein guot buoch
von der Ehe weiland zu Latin gemacht durch den wolgelerten Fran-
ciscum Barbarum Rahthern zu Venedig nun aber vedeutscht durch
Erasmum Alberum Getruckt zuo Hagnaw durch Valentinum Kobian
MDXXXVI. Der protestantische Pfarrer Alber zu Sprendlingen
(Rheinhessen) macht hier (1534) aus De re uxoria eine den Sinn
und die Haltung Barbaros arg vergewaltingende lutherische Para-
phrase und Streitschrift gegen die Katholiken und v/idmet es
dem: Edlen und Ernvesten Herman Riedesel von Eysenbach meinem
lieben Junkern. In der Einleitung freut er sich,dass die Geist-
lichen seit Luther wieder heiraten dürfen und nicht in der
»'Pf äffen Hurnstand" verharren müssen
• . .
p.87
(*) my note: the second Latin print of De re uxoria cannot have
been published in 1513 as Gothein says but must have been
printed in 1531.
X
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Francesco Barbara, De Re Uxoria *
» : ■ "." -.1 "■ j . . • ■ ,. ■ , .
^' / ■ ■ - ■ • ■ ■-
Percy Gothein, Francesco Barbaro: Früh-Humanismus und Staatskunst
in Venedig. Berlin 1932
Kapitel IV. De Re Uxo.ia und ihr Verfasser: Ideen-und Literarge-
schichtliche Zusammenhaenge (pp. 61-99)
(A) Analysis of the Work (61-65)
(B) Relation to literature of Antiquity (63-66)
(1) Piatot Symposion
(2) Aristotle! Politics 1,13
(3) Theophrast: "Golden Book" in the excerpt by Hieronymus
(St.Jerome) - Migne,Patrologia latina 23>276
(C) Relation to medieval literature (65-69)
(1) Hugo of St .Victor: De Nuptiis - Migne,P.l. ,176,1201
Hugo was opposed to marriage
(2) Augustinus: De Bono con.jugali - Migne P.L. 61,375
To which Barbaro referred
(3) Petrus Lombardus: Sententiarum IV,distinctio XXVI
(D) Relation to Renaissance literature (Vorlaeuf er: 81-88)
(1) Kard .Johannes Dominici: Regola del governo di cura famili-
äre
"engstirnige sittliche Unfreiheit der Domini-
kanermoenche jener Zeit" (82)
(2) Pier Paolo Vergerio: De ingenuis moribus 1402
Die beiden Teile - De ingenuis moribus und De libera-
libus studiis - sind besprochen auf S. 86-88
(3) Francesco Barbaro, De re uxoria - Auf dem Konzil von Kon-
stanz durch Vergerio und Poggio (S. 88-90 mit Hinweis
auf M. Herrmann, Albrecht von Eyb)
r
-j-
V-"i W-'?»!
•■ " ' ' ^■T ' i. i
Francesco Barbaro.De Re Uxoria
- 2 -
C
(E) Relation to Renaissance literature (Nachfolgers 89-91)
(1) Poggius Florentinust An seni sit uxor ducenda [0"b ein
ein alter Mann heiraten soll], 1436
Dialog zwischen Niccolo Niccoli und Carlo [Marsuppini]
Aretino: Carlo betont statt seyus die societas utrius-
que sexus .
(2) Bevmnderer der Res Uxoria: Ambrogio Traversari (der Ka-
maldulenser) ,der sie dem Lorenzo de' Medici vorlas, und
Guarino in einem Brief an den Florentiner Antonio Cor-
binelli vom 22 Nov. 1418 (ep.Guar.A 213)
(3) Leon Battista Alberti: Bella Famiglia
Besprochen in Detail on pp. 91-92
(
(F) Literature on marriage in other countries (93-98)
(1) France
Christine de Pisan (1364-1430): Querelle du roman de
la rose - gegen den roman de la rose des frauenfeind-
lichen Jean de Meung (c.l320 ?)
(2) Gerraany
Albrecht von Eyb, Ehebüchlein, 1472 (94-97), von ihm auch
Pulchra oratio pro laude matrimonii (kopiert von Hart-
mann Schedel - zitiert von Bertalot,ms.Münhhen) und
Lob der Frauen für seine Mitdomherren von Eichstaedt.
j
I
C'
r
Francesco BarTDaro,De Re Uxoria - 3 -
Printed editions:
(1) Paris! In aedibus Ascensis,1513
Andr^ Tiraqueau,ein FrBand Rabelais' und Rechtsgelehrter
der im Alter von 24 Jahren heiratete liess es wegen der
Sammlung von Zitaten aus antiker Liters tur drucken iind wid-
mete es seinem Schwiegervater.
(2) Hagenau 1523
(3) Antwerpen s.d.
(4) Strasbourg 1613
(5) Amsterdam (6:^^
Gewidmet Suerius Bossornius, Professor der Eloquenz in Leider
Translations s
(A) Italian
Venice 1548 tr.by M.Alberto Lollio of Ferrara
(B) French
(1) Paris 1548 gewidmet Duke Francois de Orleans, Jacqueline
de Rohan,mit mehreren Auflagen
(2) Paris 1667 tr. bishop Claude Jolly with a biography of
F.B.,the first of Francesco.
Percy Gothein, Francesco Barbaro ...,pp. 98-99
(C) German
see Gothein* s translation of De Re Uxoria
|r— ' —
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April, June -
July,Octob.
August yDecember
Septem. ,Novem. ,
1.
Kalendis . __
Kalendis
Kalendis - .
2.
VI Nonas
IV Nonas
IV Nonas
3.
V
III
III
4.
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Pridie Non.
5.
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6.
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7.
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8.
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Roman Calendar
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21.
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24.
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January
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H.Grotefend, Zeitrechnung des deutschen Mittelalters und der
Neuzeit, I, 32 Tafel XXVIII
r
'■r^B— <^>^— f i w M 'W U l
Bruni» 3 Writings (H, Baron, Leonardo Bruni Ar»tino,Anlagen, I.Chronologie und
Bibliographie von Brunia Schriften,S. 159-189)
(A) Chronologisch datierbare Schriften
/'
1400
1401
Vor Mai 1403
1400/Mai 1403
0kt.l404/]ja|ggz
1405
Vor Maerz 1405
Vor Dez. 1406
April 1407
Ende 1407/1408
Dez,1407/Jan.08
1407 ?/l408 ?
Herbst 1409
l.Haelfte 1410
Vor Dez. 1410
Sozmner 1412
Oktober 1415 ?
1416/17
Sept. 1417
1419/20
1419/20
Um 1420 ?
Dez. 1421
Dez. 1421
Vor 1423 ?
Vor 1423 ?
1421/1424
1422/1429
Laudatio Florentinae urbis
*
Dialogi ad Petrum Paulum Histrum
Uebersetz. von ßasilios* **Ad iuvenes religiöses, quibus studi-
is opera danda sit" or "De liberal ibus studiis et
ingenuis moribus" or »'De studiis saecularibus" or
♦*De legendis libris gentilium»»
Uebersetz. von Xenophons Hieron e Tyrannikos
Uebersetz. von Piatons Phaedon
Laudatio in funere Othonis Pdulescentuli
Uebersetz. von Plutarchs Vita M.Antonii
Uebersetz. von Demostkenes* Rede »'Pro Diophite**
Uebersetz. von Demosthenes* Rede *'Pro Ctesiphonte**
Uebersetz. von Plutarchs Vita Catonis
Oratio Heliogabali ad meretrices
Gracchus et Poliscena (auch:Calphurnia et Gurgulius) Comoedia
Uebersetz. von Piatons Gorgias
Uebersetz. von Plutarchs Vita Gracchorum |
Uebersetz. von Plutarchs Vita Aemilii Pauli
Uebersetz. von Aeschines* Rede Contra Ctesiphontem
Vita Ciceronis or Cicero novus j
Mit Widmung an Niccoli
Uebersetz. von Aristoteles' Nikomachischer Ethik
Mit Widmung an Papst Martin V.
Oratio in hypocritas
Uebersetz. der pseudo-aristotelischen Ökonomik
Commentarium in libros Oeconomicorum Aristotelis
De interpretatione recta
De militia
Commentaria tria de primo hello Punico
Uebersetz. von Plutarchs Vita Sertorii
Uebersetz. von Plutarchs Vita Pyrrhi
Isagogicon moralis disciplinae
De studiis et litteris tractatulus
I
tT nnw pg^ T; ii>i i n ip wM n -1^ g ^y^r"
Bruni* s Writings (Baron)
- 2 -
Nach 1421
(
('
Nach 1421 ?
Jan. /Mai 1424
Um 1424
Um 1424
Um 1424/Maerz 28
1426
1426
2.Haelfte 1426
14237/1427
1427
Um 1429
Um 1432
1432/33
1433
1435 ?
1438
Praefatio in orationes Damosthenis
1. i)emosthenes,Pro Diophite,Pro Ct9siphonta,Aa8Chines,
Contra Ctesiphontem
2. Demosthenes, Orationes Olynthiacae I,II und III
3. Oemo8tBhenes,i)e pace conservanda
4. DemostheneSyUtrum sint adversus Alexendrum arma sumenda
5. Aeschines,Peri tes parapresbeias
6. Aeschines,Epi8tole senatui populoque Atheniensi
7« Pseudo-OemadesyRede **Ad Athenienses
8. sog,"Epistola Philippi Macedonici ad Athenienses**
(inc, :Rex. Mac. Phil, Athen. senatui plebique sal.
Quoniam persaepe iam legstos misi...)
9. sog. (apokryphe) "Epistola Atheniensium ad Alexandrum**
(Inc.: Nihil h8beo,rex AI.)
Prosauebersetzung von drei Reden aus Homers Ilias,Ges.IX:
Oratio Ulixis,responsio Achillis,Phoenicis oratio
Uebersetz.von Piatons Phaedrus (d.h.nur eines Teiles des
i^ialogs).
In nebulonem maledicum (invektive gegen Niccoli).
Lateinisches Carmen gegen Niccoli
Uebersetz.von Piatons Apologie des Socrates
Oratio ad summum pontif icem Martinum V
Diplomatische Relation Brunis ueber seine Gesandschaf ta-
reise an Papst Martin V.
Oratio in funere Johannis Strozzae
Uebersetz.von Piatons Crito
Ueberstz.der Epistolae Piatonis
Vita Aristotelis
Oratio, qua se defendit ab accusationibus imperatoris
(sc.Sigisffiundi)
Oratio apud imperatorem
(Inc. :Si laudes tuas...) An Sigismund, nicht an Fried-
rich III. gerichtet, wie meistes in den Handschriften
angegeben wird...
De laudibus exercitii armorum
Uebersetz. eines Teils von Piatons Symposion (Alicibiades*
Rede auf Sokretes,215A - 222A)
Uebersetz.von Aristoteles* Politik
Mit Widmung an Papst Eugen IV
m^m^^ß^ •<•■ . • ■i!wr«=-v,^«r^
Bruni' s Writings (Baron)
- 3 -
c.^
(
1438
1439
1439
Nach 1440
2.Haelft© ? 1441
Nach Juni 1442
Je duobus amantibus Girardo et Siglsznunda (i.e. Uebersets.
von Boccaccios Novelle Decamerone IV, 1 "Tancredi prenze
di Salerno" ins Lateinische)
Commentaria rerum Crraecarum
Historierum Florentini populi libri XII
Coznment&ria rerum suo tempore gestarum (umfassend die
Jahre 1378-1440)
De hello Italico adversus Gothos gesto libri IV
Mit Widmung an Kardinal Giuliano Cesarini
Oratio domini Leone rdi coram Alphonso Aragonum rege
(b) Chronologisch nicht datierbare Schriften
Declematio Hemi de amore Polii et Pomiliae virginis
Uebersetz. von Demosthenes* Orationes Olynthiacae I,II und III
Uebersetz. von Demosthenes* Rede Utrum sint adversus Alexandrum arma
sumenda ?
Uebersetz. der "Epistola Philippi Macedonici ad Athenienses"
Uebersetz. von Aeschines* Rede Peri. . .
Uebersetz, von Aeschines' "Epistola santui populoque Atheniensi"
Uebersetz. einer dem JJemedes yugeschriebenen Ansprache "Ad Athenienses**
Uebersetz. von Demosthenes' Brief (auch anonym als "Epistole Athenien-
sium" bezeichnet) "Ad Alexandrum"
Ratione facta per capetani delle parte Guelfa (italian)
Epistolee editae psz i«|[«taB pro excelsa communitate Florentiae
Oratio pro se ipso ad praesides
De origine Rom8e,et unde dicta 3it,excerptum
Interrogatio,ed Franciscum de Fiano per Leon.Aretinum transmi3sa,vide-
licet quo tenqpore fuerit Ovidius
Achtzeil iges Epigramm, entworfen fuer Coluccio Salute tis Grabmal
(C) Verlorene Schrift
Laudatio Colucii Salutati
(d) Zweifelhafte oder Bruni bestimmt irrtuemlich zugeschriebene Schriften
Disputatio de nobilitate
De latina locutione
4
.iiji/
m^^mrtmm
•mm'mmr^ß^immim'9''im^mmmmtmp9^'mmmf9mirr^r^'^^i»mmm'm^
(
Bruni* s Writings (Baron)
- 5 -
(
9
Sieben Briefe eines Zeitgenossen mit dem gleichen Kernen ♦•Leonerdus
Brunus"
1. An ©inen Laurentius (inc, :Pollicitus eram. ..)
2. An denselben (Inc. :Qiiantam ex tuis litteris,..)
3. An denselben (inc. :Saepius ad te scriberem. . . )
4. An denselben (Inc. : Post quam a grevissimis oportunitatibus. . . )
5. An Bartholomseus öazza (inc, : Quam diu, cum ecclesiastici. .. )
6. An P.P.Vergerio (aus Padua 1414. - Inc,:Cum saepe et multum..)
7. An Papst Martin V. (inc.iQuoa sanctitas tuasjbeatiasime pater,
a me cupit. . • )
Brief nn einen Unbekannten, datiert "Florentiae XIII. Kai. Junii".
Inc. : Ad grßvissimos lebores meos quos communibus, , ,jJes. : . . solept
mpgnitudo.Vale iterum et me,ut facis,ama. (date). In Wahrheit von
Guprino.
Leonardo Bruni's Translations of Crreek Classics
(
Corrections of Baron* s 'Chronologie and Bibliographie von Brunis
Schriften* in Ludwig Bertalot's • Por schlingen über Leonardo Bruni
Aretino* ,Archivum Romanicum,XV (1931) f284-323
Bemosthenes and Aeschines Orations
Philippic VIII : *Par quidem fuerat,viri Athenienses ...• heißt
gemäß der Stelliing im Corpus der griechischen Demo sthenesre den . • .
•Oratio Demostenis Octava contra Philippum regem * (Bodleian Ceino-
nici lat.cla8s.304,f .50v) und 'Oratio octava philipca demostenis
ex litter is grecis in latinas per Leonardum Aretinxim' (Marcian Ve-
ne t.lat. VI 134 f .83 und XIV 118 p.l20)
• •
p.299
• • •
3rd Olynthian : ••• Die Übersetzung der 3»olynthischen Rede
' Nequamquam eadem mihi videor intelligere,o viri Athenienses'
heißt in Einzelüberlieferungen d.h. außerhalb des Corpus Bemosthen-
icum, mehrfach 'Bemosthenis oratio IIII^ contra Philippum' (Berlin
lat.fol. 495, f. 31-33; Florenz Riccard. 779 f. 410; •..) ... p.300
(
Bemosthenes: 'ütrum sint adversus Alexandrum arma summenda'
(= Baron, nr. 4 of Laur.82 c.8) . ... Bei Nr. 4 ist wohl an die klei-
ne Rede 'Apud vos in questione ..' (ed.Sabbadini Nuovo Archivio
Veneto 1915, 242 n.XXVII) ^gedacht} ... p.303
Aeschines (Peri tes parapresbeias) : ... und bei Kr. 5 an die
noch kürzere Rede 'Reminiscor Athenienses' (Sabbadini,l.c. 241 »•
XXV) gedacht • . • Bie beiden sub 4 und 5 genannten Reden des Bemos-
thenes und Aeschines sind weder von Bruni noch sonst jemand im 15.
Jahrhundert latinisiert worden ... p.303
Pseudo-Bemades Oration
(Baron, no. 7 'Ad Athensienses' ) ... Nr. 7 'Admirans vehementer
admiror' ... ( Sabbadini, I.e. ,241-242, n. XXVI) r not by Bruni"]. . .p. 303
Bruni's Translations - Baron listings corrected by Bertalot
- 2 -
C
\ u Ao'^
'-r
»Epistola Atheniensiiam ad Alexandnim»
(Baron, no. 9 "Nihil habeo,rex Alex.') ... und Nr. 9 sind ebenda
... gedruckt (babbadini, I.e. ,243-244 n. XXVIII) ... p*303
Demosthenes (Utrum) , Aeschines (Heminiscor) , Pseudo-Demades (Ad-
mirans) andEfistola Atheniensium
... Über Autor und Quellen dieser 4 filetierten Texte, für welche
nie ein griechisches Original exis-Gierte, vgl. Sabbadini, I.e. ,221-3
und 244-246. Dieselben stehen aber weder im Laurentianus ,wo auch
Nr.8 ^ Epistola Philipp ad Athenienses^ fehlt, noch in seinen Ver-
wandten. B. kennt sie wohl aus Cod.Angelic. 1377, wo sie f.l58v^
163 (vgl.Narducci S.584) dem Corpus Demostenicum angehängt sind.
Bruni selbst spricht am Schluss seiner Widmung (Baron S.I3I) deut-
lich von 7 übersetzten Reden,Tinser Herausgeber weiß von 9 (n.1-5)
zu berichten. Dabei ist der ganze Fragenkomplex seit 2 |^ Menschen-
altern in loh.Vahlens klassischen Laurentii Vallae opuscula III
lichtvoll behandelt (Sitzungsbericht Wien Lxi 1869, 430-434)...
PP. 303-304
•Epistola Philippi ad Athensienses* - see above
... Die Epistola Philippi Macedonici ad Athenienses (ed.Hercher,
p.481) *Quoniam peraepe tarn legatos misi ... (gedr. in Epistolae
principum et illustrium vir orum, Vene tiis 1574,8.216-223 ...) gilt
den Grraezisten als Überarbeitung des Originals durch Anaximenes
von Lampsacus ... p.300
(
Epitaph auf Condottiere Brsscio
... Epitaph auf den Condottiere Braccio da Montane ( + 2. Juni
1424) 'Transivi intrepidus* ... 3 Hexameter vagl. L. Bertalot, Eine
humanistische Anthologie, Diss. Berlin 1908 S.50 ... Codd. Florenz
Riccara.907 f.l82v, Bibl.Naz.II IX 15 S.233 t Vat.lat.6875 f. 99
p.300
. . •
Bruni's Trsinslations - Baron listinge corrected by Bertalot - 3 -
(
Fseudo-Bemades Oratlon ( Admlr ans ), Demos thenes Letter
• •• Die Ansprache des Demades Adiairans vehementer admiror (S.178
unten) und der 'Brief des Demosthenes' Nihil habet ,rex Alexander
(S.179 oben) sind keine Übersetzungen aus dem Griechischen, sondern
Bearbfeitungen oder Fiktionen nach dem lateinischen Pseudo-Callisth-
enes, deren Zusammenhang mit Bruni fraglich ist... p«300
De primo hello Punico; Commentarium rerum graecarum; De hello
Italic o adver sus GrOthos
• • • Ein anderes Erfordernis wissenschaftlicher Bibliographie ist
die Erklärung und Ergänzung nicht eindeutiger Titel. So waren S.
167 ^^®
Commentaria tria de 1* hello Punico als Bearbeitung des
Polybius, S.176 das
Commentarium rerum graecaruip als Bearbeitung der Hellenika
Xenophons, S.177 die
Libri IV de hello italico adversus Gothos als Bearbeitung
des Prokop
zu bezeichnen und zwar nach dem Exemplar Aurispas cod.Laur,69,8,
das Bruni von ihm erworben (vgl. Haury, Sitzungsbericht der bayer.
Akademie München 1893, 132, 137) ... p.300
(
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1. Tradition of the Text (= Oeconomica,Part IV,l,no.5)
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Bruni - Life - Bibliography
Lauro Martines,The Social World of the Florentine HumaniJrts
1390-1460. PrincetontUniversity Press, 1963, pp. 117-123;
165-176
G.Mancini, 'Aggiunte e correzioni alla vita di Leonardo Bruni*
in L. Bruni, Historiartun florentini populi libri xii, 3 vols.
(Florence, 1855-1860), 1,29 [ "Overlooked by Franz Beck, i
Studien ..,the biographical section of which is untrust-
worthy« Martines,117,n.l05)
Emilio Santini, 'Leonardo Bruni Aretino', Annali della R.Scuola
Normale Superiore di Pisa, XXII (1910) ["The only reason-
ably accurate life of Bruni has been briefly sketched by
Santini ..♦•, Martines,l67,n.lllJ
C.Monzani, 'Di Leonardo Bruni Aretino Discorso*, Archivio stori-
co italiano, V,l (1857) ,29-59; V,2 (1857), 3-34
Roberto Weiss, 'Jacopo Angeli da Scarperia (c.l360-1410-ll) ' ,in
Medioevo e Rinascimento,studi in onore di Bnini Nardi,
vol.II (Florence, 1955), 803-827, esp. 815-817 ["an excellent
summary description of Bruni 's first arrival at the papal
court", Martines,l67,n.ll2]
Poggio Bracciolini, 'Oratio funebris in obitu Leonardi Arretini',
in Bruni Epistolarium,ed,Mehus, pp#cxx-c±±i
Gianozzo Manetti, 'Oratio funebris', ibid.,p.xcvi
Vespasioano da Bisticci,Vite di uomini illustri del secolo xv,
ed.B.D'Ancona & E.Aeschlimann, Milan, 1951, pp.
(
c
Leonardo Bruni - Bibliography - A.Life
L.Mehus,Leonarddi Bruni Aretini epistolariim libri VII. Florence
1741
Giannozzo Manetti, Oratio Funebris (L.Mehus,ibid. ,preface,p.XCIl)
Bracciolini Poggio, Oratio Funebris (L«Mehus,ibid. ,p.GX¥II)
Enea Silvio, De Viris Illustribus (Modern edition, Stuttgart 1843)
2
Bartolomeo ?azio,De viris illustribus ( ed. L.Mehus, Florence 1745)
S.Antoninus,Chronicon,P.III (Basel 1493) ,tit .22,cap.ll,par.l5
Vespansiano da Bisticci,Vite di Uomini Illustri ( ed«Frati,vol.II
•* •• * Commentario della vita di Messer Giannozzo
Manetti (iyiodern edition,i'orino 1862), par.
G.S.Mazzuchelli,Gli scrittori d'Italia. Brescia 1753-63. Vol.2V^
pp.-22a^-j£f . iw7 -^1.^ j
C.Monzani,Di Lionardo Bruni Aretino Discorso,Archivio storico j
Italianojimova serie,T.V,P.l (Florence 1857), p. 29 ff.
Georg Voigt, Die Wiederbelebung des classischen ^Iterthums oder
das erste Jahrhundert des Humanismus. Berlin
pp. 3rd edition: Georg Voigt-Max Lehnerdt ,vol.I,
pp. 306-312
Franz Beck, Studien zu Lionardo Bruni. Abhandlungen zur Mittleren
und. Neueren Geschichte. Kerr.usgegeben von Georg v.
Below, Heinrich Finke, Friedrich Meinecke. Heft 36. Ber-
lin und Leipzig:Dr. Walther Rothschild 1912
C
I
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Leonardo i3runi - Biblio^raphy - A.Life (notes on editions)
^ 1440-1450;G.Paparelli,ii.nea Silvio Iiccoloinini:Pio II (Bari 1950)
p.363;Baron,Humanistic c.nd i^olitical Literature,p.l55,
n.l2
^ 1456 or 1453-1457;Rossi,Il Quattrocento-^, p. 190; J. Schlosser, Die
Kunst literature (Vienna 1924) ,pp.95,97;Baron,
Humanistic and Political Literature, p. 133,
n.12,13
C
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Leonardo Brimi - Bibliography - B.Translations
Besides Epistolarium,Manetti,Poggio,Enea Silvio, Fazio,VespasiQno
Bisticci,Mazzuchelli
Georg Voigt, Die Wiederbelebimg des classischen Alterthiims oder
das erste Jahrhundert des Humanismus, Berlin u^/^-i';
(>vJ4.0,N PP».' - 5rd ed.by Max Lehnerdt;, vol. II, pp. 168-171
u
\^^.
Wottke, Wiener Studien, vol. XI (1889), 291 ff. (Excerpts
from Bruni's "De recta interpretatione")
F.P.Luiso,Commento a una lettera di L.Bruni e cronologia di al-
cune sue opere,Raccolta di studii critici dedicata ad
Allessandro d*Ancona,Florence 1901 (on the Phaedon
Version)
Alexander Birkenmajer,Der Sxreit des Alonso von Cartagena mit
Leonardo Bruni Aretino. Beiträge zur Geschichte der
Philosopnie des Mittelalters, XX, 5,1922 (on the Ethics
Version)
Martin Grabmann, Eine ungedruckte Verteidigungsschrift der scholas-
tischen Uebersetzung der nikomachischen Ethik
gegenüber dem Humanisten Lioaardo Bruni. Mittel-
alterliches Geistesleben. Band I (München 1926),
pp. 440-448
Hans Baron, Leonardo Bruni Aretino. Humanistisch- Philosophische
Schriften. Mit einer Chronologie seiner Werke und
Briefe. Verb'if entlichungen der Forschungsinstitute
an der Universität Leipzig. Institut für Kultur- und
Geistesgeschichte. Quellen zur Geistesgeschichte des
Mittelalters und der Renaissance. Herausg.von Walter
Goetz. I.Band. Leipzig 1928 i
C
Ludwig Bertalot,
Archivum Romanicum,XV (1931) ,298-301
Hans Baron, Studien über Leonardo Bruni Aretino, Archiv für Kultur-
geschichte, XXII (1932), 368-371
Ludwig Bertalot, Zur Bibliographie der Ueber Setzungen des Leonard-
us Brunus Aretinus. Quellen und Forschungen aus
italienischen Archiven und Bibliotheken. Bd. 27.
Rom 1936, pp.
•' ■u.> | " i J; ! W " i l|
Leonardo Bruni - Bibliography - B.Translations
- 2 -
Revilo P.Oliver, Plato and Salutati, Transactions of the American
Philological Association. LXXI (1940), pp.
(
Eu^enio Garin, Le traduzioni umanistiche di Aristotele nel secolo
XV. Atti dell'Aoademia Fiorentina di Scienze Morali
"La Colombaria", vol. VIII (1950), pp.
Hans Baron, Humanist ic and Political Literature in Florence and
Venice at the Beginning of the Quattrocento. Cambridge
1955 >PP» 114-125 ( eh. V, Bruni 's Development as a Trans-
lator from the Greek (1400-1403/04))
(
^ 1 1 I l^^ lj V I J«,^, I J ' W . f -v„' I J !^' ^:J ' ll'- 1 ^ ' .\-V% ' !J f , ' lW I \
f .l ' * ■' 1
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A. Texts of Manuscripts
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Leonardo Bruni's OECONOMICA Version - Tradition of the Text
B. Texts in Printed Bditions
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Oeconomica - Bruni's Version - Text Tradition
Paris: Georg Wolf for Durand Gerlier (ew) 19 January 1489/90
A. Preface : Prologus Leonardi Arethini in Libros Economicoriim.
f .173r - 174r
(
B. Book I t
Incipit Primus Liber Economicorum Aristotelis
f .174r - 178v
[ 7 untitled chapters J
C, Book II 5
CA. I. Secundi Libri Econo*
f.l78v - 182v
[ 8 untitled chapters J
Oeconomica - Brtini's Version - Text Tradition
C
Paris! Georg Wolf for Durand Gerlier (DG)
Comparison with the Faber edition :
1. Different textual basis? e.g. proi»logus? Preciosa sunt
interdum par^i corporis? quod lapilli gemmeque testantur«
2. Different psrtition of books t
i
Book I ! ehapter 1 identical
chapter 2 identical
ehapter 3
chapter 4
chapter 5
chapter 6
chapter 7
identical (DG first sentence dif-
ferent from F)
identical
identical
= F verses 1-9
= F chapter 6, verses 10 - 15
Book II ! chapter 1 = F verses 1-8
(
chapter 2
chapter 3
chapter 4
chapter 5
chapter 6
chapter 7
chapter 8
= F chapter 1, verses 7-10
a F chapter 2, verses 1-4
= F chapter 2, verses 5-6
= F chapter 2, verses 7-11
= F chapter 3, [no verses] lines
1-25
: F chapter 3, lines 25 - 42
= F chapter 4
Oeconomica - Birmi's version - Text Tradition
Bartholomaeus of Sybaris edition (BS) Siena 1508
(
A, Preface: Leonardi Aretini praefatio in librum Oeconomicortun
Aristotelis ad Cosmam Medicem.
B. Book I : Oeconoraicojum Über primus a Leonardo Aretino in
latinum conversus.
C. Book II: Oeconomicorum Über secundus AristoteÜs.
L. Commentary : Commentarium Leonardi Aretini buper Libros
Oeconomicorum AristoteÜs.
1. Book I : Commentarium Leonardi Aretini Super Primum Librum
Oeconomicorum AristoteÜs Foeliciter Finit.
2. Book II 2 Foeliciter Incipit commentarium Leonardi Aretini
Super Secundum & ultimum Librum Oeconomicorum
AristoteÜs.
Oeconomicorum über Secundus & ultimus foeliciter
expücit. Amen.
f
I
c
c
Oeconomica - Bruni's version - Bartholomaeus (BS) edition - 2 -
A. Praefatio : • * .
LEONAKDI ARETINI PRAEFATIO IN LIBRVM OECONOMICOKVM ARI5T0TELIS
AD COSMAM BÄEDICEM.
Pr^tiosa sunt interdum parui corporis quod lapilli gemm^q^ue
testantur & homines nonnunquam pusilli grandioribus praeua-
lentiut de tydeo scribit homerus.,
...Ea uero praecepta diuiduntur trifarias aut enim circa mores
nos instruunt. Aut circa rem dTamiliarem. Aut circa rem publi-
cam. Ilarum primam ethicam. Secundam oeconomicam. tertiam poli-
ticam gr^ci appellant nos (ut opinor) nostris uocabulis uti
magis decet quam alienis. Nunc ad textum Aristotelis ueniamus.
B. Liber primus
JECONOMICJKUM LIBER PRIMVS A LEONARDO ARETINO IN LATINUM
CONVERSVS,
BFS Familiaris ^. res publica inter se differunt :non solum
quantum domus & ciuitas Hec enim sunt earum subiecta, uerum-
etiam illo quod in republica quidem plures imperantiin re
familiari uero ^inus dumtaxat est imperator & rectoi..
..•Ad rectum uero usum instrumf^ntorum Illud laconicum ualet :
singula suo loco iacere.Sic enim parat a non requirentur.
Oeconomicorum liber Primus Aristotelis foeliciter Explicit.
C. Liber secundus
OECONOMIOORVM LIBER SECVNLVS ARISTOTELIS.
PRobam mulierem omnibus:que sunt Intus dominari oportet :curam-
que habere omnium secundum^pr^scriptas leges:non permittentem
quenquam ingredi sine precepto uiri://«
...Secundum uero a filiis in senectute foeliciter educari.Qua-
propter & privatim & publice decet eum:qui vitam agit ad omnes
deos hominesque respxicere, Multum etiam ad uxorem & filios &
parentes.
Oeconomicorum Liber Secundus & ultimus foeliciter explicit.
Amen.
Oeoonomlca - Bruni's Version - BS edition
- a -
c
c
D, Commetariuin Leonardi Aretini Super Libros Oeconomicorum Ari-
stotelis.
1. [über primus ]
KES FAMILIAKIS Et res publica inter se differunt// ISlxlmiux
Eiximus supra in prooemio quam /^reci politicam uücant:nos
appellare rem publicam hinc sunt .M.Tullii de republica lib-
ri. Item quam illi oeconomicam nostri rem familiärem dixere
Hinc patris familias nomen uenit:q.uod domum gubernat ac mo~
deratur. . •
...ILLVL LACONICVM VALET // Nunc ex laconico modo:uel regu-
larcuius supra mentionem fecit:dum inquit persice/<S: laconi-
cae:& atthice:Sed nihil de eo modortunc explicuit . hie pon-
it singula suo loco iacere oportereiquod utile est ad usum
instrumentorum:quoniam parat a non requiruntur. Sed hoc laco-
nicumrnon ad hoc solum:sed ad caetera quoque ut ad separat i<
nem fructuum & aliarum rerumiputa uestium uirilium a mulie-
ribus & caetrra huiusmodi dictum ualft . j
I
Commentarium Leonardi Aretini Super Primum Librum Oeconomi-
corum Aristotelis Foeliciter Finit.
2. Foeliciter Incipit commentarium Leonardi Aretini Super Se-
cundum & ultimum Librum Oeconomicorum Aristotelis.
PROBAM Mulierem Omnibus // In rei familiaris disciplina con
sideratio habetur personarum & rerum.Persone sunt ex quibus
constat domus:uir & uxor iparentes & filii: dominus & seruus.
Haec potissima est pars:magisque oportet pat remf amilias
curam personarum habere: quam rerum. Nam ill^ personarum
gratia comparantur. . •
...SECVNDUM VERO A FILIIS // Hoc est alterum praemium & di-
elt secundum / quia supra in praemio conscientie/dixit pro
primo & ideo dicit nunc: secundum referendo ad illud statim.
quod antecf=»ssit in littf^ra. |
Oeconomioa - Bruni's version - Text Tradition
(
Faber edition (F)
A. Freface: Leonardi Aretini in Libros Occonomicorum Aristotelis
rrologus,ad Cosmum medycem.
B. Book I : Oecconomicorum Aristotelis Recognitore et Kxplanatore
lacobo Fahre 3tapulensi,Liber Primus.
[ 6 titled chapters 1 *
C. Book II: Oeconomicorum Aristotelis Liber Socunlus.
[ 4 titled Charters ]
E', Commentary
1. Uook I
Leonardi Aretini Viri Clarissimi Explanatio in
Librum Priraum Oeconomicorura Aristotelis Ad Cos-
mum buum.
2, Book II: Leonardi Aretini Explanatio Secundi Oeconomicorura,
Explanationis Leonardi Aretini in duos Oeconomicor
urn libros Finis.
C
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■w'^ r "." !' ' yi 'i* i y ; r " ^' ' ?i' i ' '-yi^" ' ".'i
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f
Oeconomica - 3runi*s version - Faber edition
- 2 -
Titles of Chapters
(
Tiber Friraus
!• Ee differentia .^' conupnlentia Politicae &: Oeconomicae ,&
ordine eirum Cap.I.
2. Le partibus domus,& vnde sumenda posspssio. Cap.II.
3. v^ualis viri ä mulieris oeconomica soci''tas. Cap.III.
4. LeH;es viri ad vxorem.
5. Le^'^es domini ad seruos,
6. Leges oeconotni.
Cap.IIII
Cap.V.
Cap.VI.
Liber Gecundus
1. Le^;es probae mulieris.
2. Leges viri ad vxorem.
3. '^uarundam harum legum testimonia ex ITomero
4. Quaedam conmunes viri F,- vxoris leges.
Cap.I.
Cap.II.
Cap.III.
Cap.IIII.
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(
Oeconomica - Bruni*s version - Faber edition
A. Frologus
- 3 -
Pretiosa sunt interdum parui corporis munuscularciuod lapilli,
gemmaeiiue testantur.Et homines nonnunquam pusilli,jF^raiidiori-
bus praeualent : . , ' |
•.nos (vt opinor) nostris vocabulis vti faagis decet,quam alie-
nis, >func ad textiim Aristot^liJs venlamiis .
B. Liber primus
Caput I.
liesfamiliaris ,& respublica inter ^p. differ-nt ,non solum quant-
um doinus 6: ciuitas (haec enim sunt parum subiecta) verum etiam
illo,quod in republica quidnm,plures imperant,in re familiär!
vnus duntaxat est imperator & rector.. !
• .considerandum igitur de re familiari:& quid illius Sit opus.
Caput II.
Eomus quidem partes sunt:homo et possessio..
..soli enim hi possessiones suas extra munitiones habent.
Caput III.
Earum quae ad homines spectant dil ige ntiarum, prima cura circa
vxorem existit..
w. Circa prolem autero,gener^'tio quidrim communis est,vtilitas
vero propria.alterius enim mitrire est,altorius erudire.
Caput IUI.
Irimurn i^p^ltiir le^er, sint viro ad vxorem, vt iniuria cesset;sic
enim. nee inse iriuriam patietur..
.•sie etiam rrc corpora.nam illa quae per ornatum fir.nt , nihil
difforunt ab histrionum vsu.traFC^dias in scena agentium.
Caput V.
Poßi^ssionum vero prima quidem, ao maxime necessaria est illa:
quae optima ö: principalissima:it es autem homiO..
..Plura enim ipsi habent : quo riim vtique ^^ratia instituta sunt.
Caput VI.
i^vatuor habere patrem familias oportet circa pecunias.nam &
quairere posse conuenit:(ic quaesita tueri...
..Ad rectum vero vsuni instrumentorum illud Laconicum valet :
singula suo loco iacere.sic enim parata,non requiruntur.
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Oeconomica - Bruni*s version - Faber edition
C. Liber Secundus.
- 4 -
C aput I .
Probam rnulierem Omnibus quae sunt intus doninari oportet ,curamq.ue
habere omniurn secundum praesr^ript -is leres...
..si Sacra pudiciti,^. ,,^,:, opes animositatis filiae ^'ecundum Orpheum
non sequantur .mulier igitur huiusmodi sese moribus ac legibus cu-
stodire debet.
Caput II, i
Vir autem viceucrsa,leges sibi reperiat ad vxoris vsum. ^uando
tanquam filiorum, vitaeque socia in viri domum peruenit natos re-
lictura. .
...si quidem talia incipiat <! sibi ipse maxime dominetur loptimus
tütius vitae rector existet.ec vxorera talibus vti docebit.
Caput III.
Nam neque amorem,neque timorem absque verecundia laudauit Homerus:
sed vbique amare precipit cum modestia & pudore..
.•Itaque praecipit manifeste poeta:viruni ö: vxorem in ijs,quae im-
proba & impudica sunt, sibi inuicem consentire nequaül^w^ebere.
Caput IUI.
i
In his verc quae quamrnaxime fieri potest ,pudica sunt 5: iusta:con-
corditer sibi inuicen inseruire studentes.. ;
..quapropter (*?♦ priuatim & publice decf^t eum,qui vitam af^it :ad om-
nes deos jhomiresqup respicere ymultum etiam ad vxorera, (5: filios,^
parentes.
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Oeconomica - Br^ini*s version - Fa"ber edition - 5 -
B. Commentary
1. Book I
LEONARLI ARETINI VIRI CLARISSIMI EXPLANATIO IN LIBRUM PRI-
MUM OECONOMICOHUM ARISTOTELIS AL COSMVM SWM.
Res familiaris & respublica inter se differunt. diximus . ;
supra in prooemio,quam Graeci Politicam uocant,nos appel-
lare rempublicam. hinc sunt M.T« de republica libri. Item
quam illi OEconomicam:nostri remfamiliarem dixere.hinc
patrifamilias nomen uenit:quod domum gubernat ac moderatur.
• • •
...Nunc ex Laconico modo,uel regula cuius supra mentionem
fecit,dum inquit Persicae & Laconicae & Attioa,sed nihil
de eo Tnodo,tunc explicuit. Hie ponit singula suo loco iace-
re oportere ,quod utile est ad usum instrumentorum:quoniam
parata non requiruntur :sed hoc Laconicum non ad hoc solum,
sed ad caetera quoque,ut separationem fructuum,& aliarum
rerum,puta uestium uirilium,a mulieribus & cateris huius-
modi, dictum ualet .
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2. Book II
LEON.\RI)I ARETINI EXPLANATIO SECUNDI OECONOMICORUM.
Probam mulierem omnibus.In rei familiaris disciplina,con-
sideratio habetur personarum,<Sc rerum. personae sunt ex
quibus constat domus uir & uxor,parentes & filii, dominus
et seruus. Haec potissima est pars,magisque oportet patrem-
familias curam personarum habere, quam rerum. nam illae,per-
sonarum gratia comparantur, . .
...Secundum uero a filiis,hoc est alterum praemium:& dicit
secundumrquia supra in prirro cum statim scire dixit pro |
primo:& ideo dicit nunc secundum, referendo ad illum statim
scire, quod antecessit in litera. '
EXPLANATIO LEONARLI ARETINI
in duos OEconomicorum libros Finis.
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Oeconomica - Bnini's Version - Text tradition
Gemusaeus edition (G)
A. Preface: Leonard! Aretini viri clarissimi in libros oeconomi-
corum Aristotelis. Ad Cosmiom idedicem Florentinum
Praefatio.
B. Book I: Aristotelis Stagiritae,Peripateticor-uin Principis,
Oeconomicorum. Liber Primus. Leonardo Aretino in-
terprete.
Summa libri. 6 titled chapters.
C. Book II: Aristotelis Oeconomicorum« Liber Secundus.
Sximma libri. 4 titled chapters»
Praecends liber, sive is Secundus, sive Primi pars
Sit, in Graecis exemplaribus (quod notum sit) minime
reperitur.
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OECONOMICA - Bruni's Version - Text Tradition
Bagolini edition (B)
A. Preface; B. Book I; C. Book II - identical with Gemusaeus
edition
Commentary on books I and II (D,E)
D. Book I: Leonardi Aretini viri clarissimi Explanatio in
Librum Primum Oeconomicorum firist. Ad Cosmum
SUum«
E. Book II: Leonardi Aretini Explanatio in Secundiiin,seu Primi
Partem Oeconomicorum.
i
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I
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t
I
Oeconomica - Bruni's version - Bagolini edition
- 2 -
Summaries of books and titles of chapters
Liber Primus
C
Svmina Libri.
De iis,quae ad rem attinet familiärem, eique sunt propria
variis erga diuersos Oeconomiolegibus,
De
1. Quömodo differant & conueniant inter se Politica et Oecono-
mica, & q.uis earum sit ordo. Cap.I#
2. De partibus domus,& unde sit sumenda possessio. Capt.II.
3. Quod viri & mulieris societas secundum naturam sit &. neces-
saria,6c q.uod multa commoda contineat. Capt.III,
4. Le^^es viri ad uxorem,
5. Lagos domini ad seruos.
6. Leges Oeconomi.
Cap.IIII.
Cap.V.
Cap.VI.
Liber Secvndvs
Svmma Libri,
De officiis & leo^ibus,tum propriis,tum mutuis viri & mulieris.
1. Leges probae mulirris.
2. Leges viri ad uxorem.
4. Communes leges Viri,(S: Vxoris.
Cap. I.
Cap. II.
3. Testimonia superiorum praeceptorum ex Ilomero. Cap. III.
Gap. IUI.
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Oeconomica - Bruni*s Version - Bagolini edition
A, Praefatio«
- 3 -
C
Praeciosa sunt interdum parui corporis munuscula,quod lapilli
gemmaeque testantiir.«
••Nunc ad textum Aristotelis veniamus^
B. Liber primus.
Caput I.
Res familiaris <k respublica inter se dif fornnt ,non solum c^uant
um domus & ciuitas: (haec enim sunt eorum subiecta:) verum
'^tiam illo,quod in republlca quidpm plures irrperant,in ro fa-
miliari vero vnus iunt-'xat est imperator & rector..
• .Considerand^7Tn ost igitur d^ re faniliari ,qd sit illius opus,
Caput II.
Domus quidem partes smt,homo & por^sessio. .
..soli enim hi res suas rxtra rnunitiones habent.
Caput III.
Sed eius diligeritiae ,quae est circa homines , primae sunt partes
circa vxorem. .
..Circa prolem autem,/j;ener.'\tio quidem propria est,vtilitas
vero communis, alterius enim nutrire est,alterius erudire.
Caput IUI.
Prirnum i.citur lo^es sint viro ad vxorem, & iniuria cesset.sic
enim nee ipse iniuriam patietur. .
..sie etiam nee in corpore, nam illa qua?^ per ornatum siunt ,
nihil differunt ab liistrionum usu,Tragoedias in scena agen-
t ium .
(
Caput V.
Possessionum autem prima quidem,ac maxime necessaria est illa,
quae optima ^^ principalissima: id autem est homo..
..plura enim ipsi habent ,cuius ut i -que gratia talia instituta
sunt .
Caput VI.
t^tcatuor habe: e oportet patremfamilias circa pecunias.nam &
querere posse conuenit ,& quaesita tueri..
..Ad rectum, vero vsum instrumentorum illud Laconicum valet ,
singula suo loco iacere.sic enim aparata non requirentur.
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Oeconomica t Bruni*s version - Bagolini edition . - 4 -
Liber Secundus.
I
Caput I.
Probam mulierem omnibus quae sunt intus ,dominari oportet ,curamque
habere oranium secundum praescriptas le^es...
..si Sacra pudicitia,^ opes animositatis filiae secundum Herculem
non sequantur. Iv!ulier igitur huiusmodi sese moribus ac legibus
custodire debet,
Caput II.
Vir autem viceuersa,leges sibi r^p^riat ad vxoris vsum,q.uae tan-
quam filj.orum vitaeque nocia in viri domum peruenit ,natos relic-
tura. . .
.•<5-. quando vir abost ,ut sentiat uxor nulluni sibi,neque meliorem,
nequ^- cortimodiorem jn'^q^ae mait;is suum esse quam virum ostendatque
hoc ab ipso initio i-A comTriune bonum sernper intendens ,quaravis pu-
ella Sit ac noua in tallbus.*
Caput III.
*[Et si ipse sibi inaxime domine tur,optimus totius vitae rector j
existet,& uxorem talibus uti*. docebit.] Ham neque amorem,neque
timorem absque verecundia laudauit Homerus,sed ubique amare prae-
cepit cum raod9stia,& pudore,.
••quod si ipsi dissideant ,amici quoque dissidebunt ,& infirmitatem
ipsi sentiont maxime . ** I
Caput IUI.
* [itaque ,mariifei3te praecepit Poeta,ViriJLm Sc uxorem in his quae
improba &. iiüpudica sunt, sibi inuicem consentire nequaqam debere . ]
Zn his vero,que quam axirne fieri potest ,pudica sunt & iusta,con-
öorditer sibi inuicem inseruire. Studentes primo quidam curam. .
..Quapropter 8z priuatiir <^: publice decet eum,qui vitam gerit,ad |
om.nes Deos hominesque ,respicere ,multumque & ad vxorem,& ad filios
<S:. parentes •
* [Et si ipse sibi maxime dOTdnetur . . talibus uti docebit.] =
last sentence of chapter II in Faber e^iition.
** [itaque, manifeste praecepit loeta. .nequaq.uam debere.] =
last sentence of chapter III in Faber edition.
Leonardo Bruni*s OECONOiyilCA Version - Tradition of the text
* •
C. Texts umderlyin^ Printed Editions of Commentaries
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Johannes Versor , '
Liber yconomicorum Aristotelis tractans de gubernatione rerum
dornest icarum cum commento magistri Johannis versoris legentium
aspectibus multiim amenus.
[Cologne:Heinrich Qnentell c.l49l] GW 2431
[Cologne:Heinrich Quentell c.1495] GW 2432
Libri politicorum Aristotelis cum commento multura utili et compendioso
magistri Johannis versoris, tractentes de civitatum et rerum illerum
necessitatem respicientium salutifera gubernatione pro civium convictu
pacifico.
Cologne:Heinrich Quentell , VIII.Id.Mart. T March 8] 1492 GW 2444
Cologne: Heinrich Quentell , IV.Non. Jul. ^July 4 . 1497 GW 2445
(GW. Politica. A) Politica,in der üebersetzung von Guillelmus
de Morbeca una mit Kommentar von Johannes
Versor. GW II, c. ^^40-642)
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L'IETAPHliASIS NICOLAI BERALDI irJ OECONOMICON ARISTOTELIS.
Venalis est über in via lacobea sub signo gladii In aedibus
loannis Barberii Parrhysiensis bibliopolae ac Impressoris
diligentissimi small 4°, 52 unnumbered pages
[2-3] NICOLAVS BERALrVS ILLÜSTEISSIMO AC LOCTISSIMO VIRO lACOBO
LITCE, TECANO A^.O^ELIO S D
Qnum proximp statuissem post doraesticS ...& quae tibi maio-
ra adhuc parturiniMs :ac decoctiora,quo a4rO [animo ?] expecta
Vale.
Luteciae. IX, calendas Nouembris.
[6-37] METAPHuASIS NICOLAI BERALLI IN LIBROS OECONOMICORUM
AiiISTOTELIS ^ ^'
[6-8] Philosophiam varie diuidunt ipsi etiam philosophi. . vt
aristoteles ipse primo economicoruim capite docet.
[9-I4] Caput I de diffentia et conuenientia Politice & Econoraice
ck ordine eorura,
Aristotelis sensus est Rempu. & rem familiärem eo modo
differre. . • quum ad politicorum interpretationem veniemus ,
suos loco dicturi,
[16-19] Caput ii de partibus domus,aevnde suraenda possessio.
roTTiim in partes diuidit hominem. . .Quod & in rustico ele-
gant issimis vf^rsibuG expressit Folitianus.
[20-22] Caput iii v^ualis viri et mulieris oeconorrdca societas,
Ti^aris & feminae spcietatem. . .accipiendo vsurus esset.
L 23-27] Caput iiii Lef';es viri ad vxorem
Nonoia putet sibi marit [us]. . . .Hactenus apud illum Ischo-
machus.
[29-32] Caput V. Leges d[omi]ni ad servos
Seruorum possessio optima, . .profestis nimirum aut inter-
cisis.
l35~37] Caput vi, Leges oeconomi
De legibus viri ad vxorem, .. isti omnia lancinant. Cetera
aperta.
Metaphrasis Beraldus
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[41-421
[45-48]
[50]
[52]
[38-52] METAPlüiJVSIS EIVSDEM IN SECWD\^ 0EC0N0MIC0RW1 AKISTOTEL-
IS • .
Caput i. Leges probae mulier is
YXorem Omnibus .. .Res Hom-'-rica odyssea notissima.
Caput ii. ler^es viri ad vxorem
lla^num virtutis adium<^ntu[m]. . .Adeo in tenrris assuescere
multum est.
Caput iii. ,^uarandum harum legum testimonia ex Homero
Homeri tcstimonio suo more...Omnia sunt plcana« ^ , /,
Caput iiii. «^uedam cornmunes viri (i vxoris leges.
Vir quidem vxoris parentibus non minus... iii senecta pro-
uenit .
Finis.
I
c
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Gilbertus Grab 1482 - 1522
C
r
WllllaiD (Gilbertus) Grab
(
Literaturet
W.Forbes Lelth, 'Bibliographie des livres publica li Paris
et II Lyon par les savantes ^oossais refugl^s en
France nu IVI« silcle', Revue de Bibllothirues,
vol. 21 (1911), 241-67
Does not mention Eoonomics cominentary; p*2429n«l
he says that Grab was naster of arte of the Univer«
sity of Prrls in 1503, professor "au collige de
Bourgogne",died in 1552 (1522^?) [CranaJ
De Boulay,Hi8t.üniv.Paris, V,875 and VI, 935
Soottieh Notes and Queries, X,3i VIII, 10 (2nd series)
(
(
Works«
** Aristoteles de convenientia politice et economice**« [Parist]
Jean Petit, 8«a« Copyt Biblioteca Golombina,no*72
**Textus Ethicorum Aristotelis ad Nycomacht2]n,juxta antiquam
translationem; •••** [Quaestiones on the Ethios by lohn
Buridan and Martin Lemaistre in the edition of Claudius
Felix, revised and augmented by Nioolaus Bonaspes (Nioholas
Bupu^} and William Grab], Parist Antonius Bonexnere for Bio-
nysius (Denis) Rooe« 1509 t IX, 17
**Tractatum terminorum moralium
• • •
, Parist Jean PetittS.a«
(Gat.Bibl.reg.Paris as quoted by Joecher,II (1787)t504)
** Aristotelis ••• Ethioorum deoem libri ad NioomaohuB,Argyro-
pylo traduotore «•• a magistro Gilberte Grab •••**,[ Paris t ]
Symon Vincent, 1517
(Bayerische Staatsbibliothek (2^ A.gr«b.391) quoted by G.
iCi8ch,£rasmu8 und die Jurisprudenz seiner Zeit, Basel i960,
468-469
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Williem Grab: Commentary on the Economic s in the translation of Bruni (books
I and IIl) and edition of Liber econoäicerum publicarum,
From notes of F.Kdward Grenz on edition Paris: J.Petit s.a. in Biblioteca
Colombina no.72
Titleppge: Aristotel(ka de conuenientia / politice et economics,
Below,mark of J.Petit
Aristot^lis philosophorum omnium facilf principis de diffe/rentia
et conuenientia politice et economice et ordine earum / libri duo cum com-
mento et annotfltionibus viri subtil issimi et / moxdern^rum omnium (pace
cunctorum dixerim) primarii Gilberti de crab.Scoti./
Eiusdem insuper de crab. questiones in vico stre / minis vul^o apellPti
palam disputate et decise /
Et Aristotelis postremo economicarum publicarum Über / unus que
quantum lectori studioso et cuique conferant, qui le-/^erint attendent,
lectureque non penitebit.
Ib Garissimo viro omnifario virtutum genere ornato thome / de cousinier
regio senatus burdegalensis patrono gilbertus / Crab S.P.D,
(ine.) Omnis rei familiaris cura (virorum consultissim*?) ex perentibus
qui sancte et sobrie vitam degunt prolis educatione que nihil existimari
melius nihil publice utilitatu conducibilius perf icitui'. . . .
3a line P (expl.) /famentique cibus,que diuturno grauique morbo detento
sanites et valitudo appetibilis sit meiorem in modum ille tuus ed nos
aduentus. dixi.
3b headl. Libri primi Cepitulum i.
De diff'^rentia et convenientia Politice et Economi/ce et ordine
earum. Cepitulum primum,
(inc.text) Res familiaris et respublica inter se differunt non
solum quantum domus et civitPs...»
Sequitur explanatio textus per magistrum / Gilbertum crab edita,
(ine.) Brevis iste tractPtulus leges,regulas,preceptasque re-
gende domus continet. . . . .
/
William CrabjCoimnentery on the Economics
- 2 -
C
byb
bga
d5^
(expl.text) ...iBaltum etiam ad uxorem et filios et parentes,
(expl.comm, ) ... secundumque proposita eis premia adeo immortali
cuius dofflus immortalis est vita premiab untur, Amen.
Headl, Questiones.
Sequuntur questiones economice in vico strami/nis vulgo discusse
*
in determinantiarum publice aotu.
(ine.) Circa primum librum economicarum quero priino utrum domus
Sit subiectum huius scientie economice. Et argumentor primo quod non. . .
(expl.) ...et cuius heredes nati sumus nobis restitueret, Cuius adeptio-
nem nobis concedat Christus dei filius. Amen.
dga Liber economicarum publicarum.
Economicarum publicprum Aristotelis.
Liber unus.
Cum quispiam debet aliqua debito modo dispensare locorum circa que
negociatur minime debet inexpertus esse....
e4a (expl. ). . .dicens se et leviorp et accomodatiora daturum et subinde
illis albi-/culos amictus albiculasque circumponebat Coronas. Finis.
e4b blank
Insert on page 3a flllowing the pna of the preface:
Preciosa sunt interdum parui corporis munuscula, quod lapilli gemmeque
testantur .../...(3a bottom) Nunc ad textum Aristotelis veniamus.
(
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Virgilius WKÜKnctttrfKr Wellendoerffer
C
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Vergilius V/ellendoerffer (Virgilius Saltzburgensis) - Life
** ÜlDer die Person und Wirksamkeit des Leipziger Prof .Vergilius
Wellendoerffer konnten v/ir aus den Universitaets-Matrikeln ent- i
nelimen die verschiedenen Schreibweisen seines Namens: Willendorf-
fer, Vellendorff, Waldorffer, V/allendorfer, Wallendorffer, Walters«
hausen, Virgelius de Saltzburga (Invaviensis de Salina); einige |
Daten seiner Universitaets lauf bahn; inscriptus Somiriemester 1481
Bavarus, baccalariandus admissus et approbatus oder baccalarius
Wintersemester 1483> magister Wintersemester 1487, assesor ad
cous. facultas artium Wintersemester 1500, cursor 1502, rector
Sommer Semester 1502 • Weitere Angaben und Spezialstudien sind
leider nicht nachv/eisbar. Es dürfte aber für Sie von Interesse
sein,dass die Universitaetsbibliothek Leipzig mehrere Titel von
Wellendoerffer besitzt, die wir Ihnen als Photokopie zur Verfü-
gung stellen wollen.
Nach E.G. Gersdorf, Die Rectoren der Universitaet Leipzig.
(Leipzig 1869)? Rector No. 186 [S.S.] 1502: Virgilius Wellen-
darf f er a. Salzburg artt.mag. theol. Bacc. [BJavarus
Letter from Prof .Dr.. -Johannes Müller, Direktor, Universitaets-
bibliothek, Karl-Marx-Universitaet , Leipzig
r
Vlr/^llius 7/ellendorfer
f
Oecologium ex duobus Aristotelis Oeconomicortim libellis accumu-
latum. Conclusiones centum et quattuoriac nove traductionis
textum duplici cum regesto complectens. .. (Leipzig :Wolf gang
StOCkel 1511) (Panzer VII. 171. 338)
Polilogiiimrex Aristotelis octo Politicorum libris. .oporose
manipulatum. Conclusiones ccc.lxxiiij L374]. . .Leipzig :Wolf gang
Stoetekelf,1514. (Not listed by Panzer)
Morelogium ex Aristotelis Bthicorura libris conscriptum. . .Leipzig: Wolf-
gang Stöckel 1509 (Panzer VII, 165.271)
f^
C
KMW
G
Vlrgilius Wellendorf f er - MSS. in Leipzig, Universitäts-Biblio-
thek
M.Virgilii Wellendorff eri de Salzburg, Tractatus
Astronomici,propria autoris manu scr.
L.J .Feller, Catalogus cOÄdiciim manuscriptorum
bilDliothecae Paulinae in Academia Lipsiensi. Leipzig
1686. - p.366,no.75 = Manuscripta Facultatis Philo-
sophicae - Libri Philosophici in repositorii secundi
Serie III, IV, V & VI. In folio.
M.Virgilii Wellendorfferi de Salzburg, Astrolabii com-
positio; E.jusdem canones astrolabii •••
L.J .Feller, Catalogus ...; p.571,no.lO
gr oup as above, In quarto.
= Same
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Addendum to Soholarly Aotivltic8(1957*19f>5)t
Research on 'The Impact of Arlstotellan Doctrlnes on the
Development of Modem Koonomlc Theory* »partlcularly in Ita for-
matlve st&ge (1550-1750) # In this connection various pro.lecta
concerning Arlstotellan Moral Philoaophy during th© Renalsaanoe
and in thc Age of the Revolution of Science are in werk, One ia
completedj It deals with the role of the pseudo-Aristotellan Econ -
omic s as fiiat translßted Into humnnistlc Latin in 1420/21 by
the humanlst Leonardo Briini (1369-1444) . A study of it? trons-
misslon and manuscript dlffusion in the flrst Century after its
putlication (1420-1520) will appcar ?5s a monograph (120 pagee in
typescrlpt) in volume IV of STÜDIES Hl MEDISVAL AND REHAISSANCE
HISTORY (published by the üniversity of Nebraska)! A chapter fro»
It was reoently (7 Deccmber 19^^55) read as a paper in the Columbia
Üniveraity Seminar on the Renaissance»
LEONARDO BRÜNI MD HIS PUBLIC
Psmmdo-Aristotellan Soonomics t 3 booksj book» I and II (Greek base)
book III (no Greek barre)
Medieval Latin Translations
Translatlo Vetus t Anonymous translatlon of books I, II, III; c.1280
Recensio Durandi t Translation (revision ?) by Durandus de Alvemla
(Durand d'Auvergne) of books I and III (über secundus); 1295
Renaissance Latin Translation
Leonardo Bruni? Preface, books I and III (liber secundus), 1420-21
Statistios on manuscript diffusions
^» Travels by Sir John Mandeville (1356)t 1356 • o#1480i 250 oopies
b. Brut (English ohronicle) by Layamon (Text A * 1205; Text B
(paraphrase ?) - 1275)« 1205 - c.l48ü: 121 cople» (incoroplete
listing)
c. Ovid's Metamorphoses t (äji^ :101ifitl« iTIfe Q^^%Ä4e%5 390 copies
(b) 15th Century? 135 copies; (o) 15th and early 16th cen-
turiest 137 copies
d# Latin Soonoinies versionst 13th • 16th eenturles
(1) Translatio vetus t 15 (17) copies; 15th Century« 5
(2) Recensio Durandi « 72 (76) copies; 15th Century« 27 (30)
(3) Bruni version« 223 copies (including 6 probnbly lost or
not looated)
15th Century« 215 extant copies
16th Century« 4 extant copies
i
TV
-<^^^-^ w ,*^-^^'u( -v^ .\ ,-i -s.
The American Historical Review
Vol. LXXIV, NuDiber 5 (June 1969)
pp. 1608-1609
i6o8
Reviews of Books
o£Fers valuable and informative sections, such as those on kingi and nobles,
and, especially, that on representative iostitutions. It is a courageous attempt at a
synthesis of the published sources, the vast secondary work, and t few man»
uscript materials, but the author's stated intention to selea does not make less
visible the gaps in the work, especially since severai parts are noticeaUy un-
necessary to the major theme.
Finaily, as the work of a weli-informed scholar, this book is marred by
mechanical defects and a proclivity to rhetoric and wordiness. Thcre is an an-
noying absence of System in the footnotes. A deluge of words and informatioo
frequendy overwhelms and obscures the book's theme and purpose. And to the
baroque sentences that occur too often, it is best to appiy the author's own
words: *'it would probably be unwise overmuch to try to disentangie tbem."
Ohio State Uniuersity Fianklin J. Pionis
STUDIES IN MEDIEVAL AND RENAISSANCE HISTORY. Volume V.
Edited by William M. Bowsl^y. (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Preas.
1968. Pp. 275. I7.95.)
Ths present volume contaius four studio: Marion F. Pacinger, '^A Study of
Medieval Queenship: Capetian France, 987-1237"; Jocef Souddc, *ljeonArdi Bruni
and His Public: A Statistical and Interpretative Study <^ Hit Annotated Latin
Version of the (Pscudo-) Aristotelian Economics**; Gottfried G. Krodd, "State
and Church in Brandenburg- Ansbach-Kulmbach, 1524-36**; Natalie Zemoo
Davis, "Poor Relief, Humanism, and Heresy: The Caae of Lyon.**
Facinger's artide brings together and consolidates what is known of the
Capetian kingship through 1237. An essential change occurs during the twelfth
Century as the queen, in the context of growing bureaucratization, ceäaes to be
an active member of Luchaire's "Capetian Trinity** and becomes simply the wife
or mother of the king.
Soudek's study is original both in its findings and in its method. The author
Starts from a füll catalogue of all known manuscripts of Leonardo Bruni's an-
notated Version of the pseudo- Aristotelian Economics. He first uses this evidente
to determine the dissemination of Bruni's Economics, In a general oomporiaon
it ranks below t;he Voyage of Sir John Mandeville, but, in number of fifteenth*
Century manuscripts, it probably excecds the populär En^ith chronide Brut
and certainly exceeds Ovid's Metamorphoses, McMre specifically, Soudek thawt
that by the end of the fifteenth Century the Bruni version had dearly outdistanccd
the medieval translations of the Economics. Secondly, Soudek f*ff"ninrf the
manuscripts for the Information they provide about the social position of the
readers. Using a wealth of deuil, he shows Bruni's work to have been of great
interest not only to rulen, members of the ariatocracy, merchant princes, and
humanists but also to the regulär and secular dergy of all ranks. Only the Ar»
toceliani of the unirertities appeared rductant to accept the new translatioo, and
by the end of the Century even they had been won over.
Souddc acknowledges his indebcedness to P. O. KristeOer*! Ittr Itätieum,
and his study demonstrates the value of such new todt for reteaith. One hopet
Modern Europe
1609
thtt othcr medieval and Renaiuance scholars will follow Soudck's Icad in supple-
menting thc history of ideas as $uch with dcuilcd analysc* of their modcs o£ bcing
in aociety.
In thc third article, Krodel considers thc ecdesiastico-political developments
in the margraviate Brandenburg-Ansbach-Kulmbach undcr Margravc Caaimir
£rom 1524 to 1526. Along with a narrative account, hc oficrs uscful summaries of
a number of littlc-known Statements of the cvangelical position. The article is
equipped with a wealth of cxcunuses; some are vcry loosely connected with the
text, whilc others, such as the third and the fifth, contain material that might
more usefully havc been incorporated into the body of the article.
The volume concludes with the cssay of Natalie Zemon Davis on thc reform
of poor relief at Lyons in the 1530's. Therc wcre at the time some few Catholic
voices that linked thc reforms with Luthcran heresy; thcsc voices havc achieved
fuU resonance in thc modern historical tradition of thc Protestant work ethic.
Thc author shows that what happened at Lyons is rathcr to bc undcrstood against
thc background of a general changc in European religious sensibility, a change
that transccnded thc differences between Catholic and Protestant In response to
thc urban crisis, businessmen and lawycrs also took account of their own vo-
cational experience. Finally, the humanists were actively engaged in thc reforms
and succcssfully utilizcd the insights of an Erasmian Christianity. These gen-
cralizations arc vividly and sympathetically illustrated through a deuilcd account
of the establishment of the Aumöne-GSn^ale of Lyons.
Volume V of these Studies shows oncc more thc uscfulness of a publication
dcsigncd particularly *'to accommodate thc longer study whose compass is too
large for it to bc induded regularly in existing media but too small for it to ap-
pear in book form.**
Connecticut College F. Edwaäd Cranz
Modern Europe
WISSENSCHAFT IN KOMMUNISTISCHEN LÄNDERN. Edited by Diet-
rich Geyer. (Tübingen: Rainer Wunderlich Verlag Hermann Leins. 1967.
Pp. 309.)
The introduction notes that this volume is bascd on a lecturc series held at
Tübingen in 1 966-1 967, a series that found a ccrtain "resonance" even beyond
academic circles and thus encouraged the cditor and the publisher to present the
papers to a wider audience. These two factors— origin in a Iccture series and
the desire to make thc conclusions available to more readcrs — have undoubtedly
aided in kecping thc style relatively uncluttcred by German scholastic Jargon
and in reducing the extcnt of complicatcd argumentation. To this extent thc
twelve papers induded here, ranging ovcr such fields as philosophy, sociology,
litcraturc, pedagogy, legal thought, and history, can bc most uscful to readcrs
who wish a compact, general survcy of the extent to which, as Dietrich Geyer
notcs in his introduction, Communist scholarship in thc humanities and social
Sciences after a long pcriod of dogmatic torpidity is undergoing a trend toward
f
Roven^ber 6,1968
Mlsa Gladys V, Wurtenburg
Dlrector of College Relations
The College
Üear Miss Wtirtenburg t
Here Is an Item f or your next NEWSLETTER i
Josef Soudek (Sconomics), ^Leonardo Brunl and Hie Pnbllct
A Statistical and Interpret ative Study of Bis Annotated Latin
Version of the (Pseudo-) Arlstotelian EconoBlcs." Studies in
Medieval and Renaissance History « Volume V# Lincoln, üniver*
sity of Nebraska Press, 1968, 49-136.
I leave it to you how you want to list this publioatioa«
^^^ Studies is a series of collections of papers too long for
ine Ins Ion in joximals; it is published annually by the üniver*
sity of Nebraska Press in hard cover volumes. My oontribution
to the fifth volune (1968) therefore represents a »onograph
conprising 87 pages« If your grouping of scholsrly works were
broken down in •*Books and Monographs** and "Artlcles", then it
wouild belong to the ferner group« If, however, the first group
were •Books", then it could be listed there only if •Books* in-
clude both, books and monographs» On the other hand, if any
study, included in a colleotion of various papers and regard«
lese of its length and character, excludes it fro» being list-
ed aiDong books, then it would have to be grouped as an ''artiole*'
although ny paper does not fit e^aotly this ooluisn«
I trust you will find a satisf aotory Solution for this di*
leitma of olassifying ny publioatioa«
With best thanks for your consideration,
sincerely yours.
December 8, 1965
Miss Gladys V, Wurtenburg
Dlreotor of Public Relations
The College
Dear Miss Wurtenburg !
Here is an item for your next NEWSLETTER ?
JOSEF SOÜDEK (Economics) read a psper on "Leonardo Bruni
and hls Publiö t The Manuscript Diffusion of his Latin Version
of the (Pseudo-) Arist^telian Economics (1420)" in the Columbia
University Seminar on the Renaissance on December 7 (1965).
This item bel^ngs most probably Into the column on "Other
Activities" and you may have your own way of v/ording it (the
text above is merely a Suggestion) •
With best thanks,
sincerely yours,
/HL ^26>^
\V\i
ct\^ Qh\VJr\(}A S6ß'F/l|D ■ Hb^ :3ulM
/ki^os^
ir^i^
Vvadi^oA öl Icu^mdo t>\)m'S ^m\ty{cd La^A V&^im of +h
^
D
/^iSfcl^li^^ iSoADuVs - Dva{4
6
i 2
'rs\
July 26,1963 - 5 PM
The Tradition of Leonardo Bnmi*s Annotated Latin
Version of the pseudo-Aristotelian Economics.
The iDihliography of the handwritten copies of a Renaissance
Latin translation of a Greek classic needs no further justifica-
tion . It is a quarry from which the historian or philologist
may "break the stones for whatever edifice he wants to build. Its
usefulness will be determined by the accuracy and the completeness
of the data it provides. It may also be the well-spring and basis
for all sorts of interpretations. Their Utility will depend on the
meaningfulness of the objectives pursued and on the degree to which
the results of such reflections happen to coincide with the data
of the bibliographical material. The present study is intended to
fulfill both purposes. It submits a bibliography of the extant manu-
Scripts of Leonardo Bruni's annotated Latin version of the pseudo-
Aristotelian Economics and it also presents two series of interpre-
tations of the bihliography which I think to be meaningful. The
one deals with the public for which the annotated ver^^ion was meant
or which was reading it and the other concems itself v^ith the
transmission of the text which has caused confusion and prompted
questions in the minds of scholars who have studied it.
A review of the scribes and owners of the extant and also of
a few lost,but identifiable handwritten copies of Bruni's work or,
where such data are lacking,of the places where they originated,
circulated and where they were finally deposited is likely to af-
Tradition
- 2 -
ford some worthwile glimpses of the audience to which it appealed
in the one Century after its first publication (1420-1520) • What
exactly constituted its attraction will not be easy,if at all pos-
sible,to ascertain. The Economics - and more specifically the two
of its three books which Bruni translated - was considered an in-
tegral part of Aristotelian moral philosophy and as such had al-
ready held the interest of scholars and educated laymen alike for
about 150 years before Br\mi*s annotated version first appeared.
The humanistic character of his Latin rendition and of his commen-
tary made Bruni *s work also a document of humanistic scholarship.
Its dissemination was therefore intimately connected with the
spread of that Renaissance movement. This dual appeal may leave us
in some doubt about the reason for the success of Bruni 's work,but
the figures themselves leave no uncertainty as to its popularity
with identifiable groups in certain areas at specified times. The
bibliopgraphy at the end of this paper comprises 217 extant and
another 6 lost or not located handwritten copies,penned in the
course of the indicated Century.
The transmission of the text,too,is characterized by some com-
plexity, related partly to the motivation of its appeal end partly
to the peculiar genesis of Bruni *s composition. The entire work con-
sists of five parts: a preface (dedicatory epistle), the Latin
translation from the Greek of book I, the humanistic adaptation of
the medieval Latin text of book II, a commentary to book I and a
commentary to book II. A brief sketch of this text will be found
in Appendix I. Only 34 ^ of the extant and known copies contain
Tradition
- 3 -
all five parts of the work (groups N and in the index to be found
at the end of Appendix II). Another 43 'f> of the copies (group D)
have the first three parts of the entire workt the preface,books I
and II, tut no commentaries. The remaining 23 ^ have either three,
two or one part.
Catalogers familiär with Bruni's work have thought copies in
2
the last mentioned group to be fragmentary. • I am inclined to re-
gard them as either accidentally or intentionally or customarily
incomplete. I would consider as fragmentary only those copies in
which portions of any part of the text are missing,be it because
the text was not completely copied or because portions of the text
were lost in the process of binding the leaves of a codex or be-
cause leaves were evidently torn out of the codex:. Fragments in
the sense so defined are fairly infrequent; altogether they amount
to 13 items or about 6 ^ of the total number of extant copies. Ac-
cidentally incomplete are copies where one of the parts is missing,
although the arrangement of the text indicates that provisions have
been made for the inclusion of the missing part. Either the scribe
has failed to penn it (as in 126. and 166) or there is evidence that
leaves of the codex with the missing part are lost (as in 146). I
listed 9 such copies (groups G,K,Jj,M and P) in their actual and sup-
posedly complete form. Intentionally incomplete are copies where
one or more parts are left out because the scribe, particulariy if
we know him,apparently did not see fit to copy the entire work al-
though it v/as known to him (such as 90,penned by Marsilio Ficino).
As customarily incomplete I would regard copies, probably based on
an earlier copy which contained only two or three parts presumed ^
Tradition
- 4 -
to te the entire work (such as 114 and 5). Intentionally or probab-
ly intentionally and customarily incomplete copies (groups A,B,C,
E,F,H and I in the index) add up to 39 items or about 17 ^ of the
total number of extant and known manuscripts.
Among the intentionally or customarily incomplete copies there
are a good number of copies which may yield interesting clues as
to the genesis as well as to the transmission of Bruni's work. This
was the primary objective of setting aside as a special category
these descriptive groups formed according to their textual content.
However,this Classification should not be taken for more than a '
Suggestion. No historian can possibly be certain what was in the
mind of the scribe or his patron when he deleted a portion of the
entire work. Nor is the dividing line between incomplete and frag-
mentary copies always as clear cut as it may appear. It is not un-
reasonable to presume that the preface to his annotated Economics
Version, as any preface authored by a humanist of such fame as Bru-
ni,would be copied for the sake of style and content. But there is
no assurance that this was necessarily so in the case of the hand-
written copies as known to us. Manuscript research ought not to be
predicated on a rationality of human activities that we know to be
absent from observed reality.
Tradition
- 5 -
•-G.I '^O^r r'^iiil\^yl B lo P.-'L
.'u;. i,. :.r; (,' IJ :;i
iis
f '■
'i-bn.TT ,:
'■»I
(T*) J- J i: t -v; ' .. u J 1 v.d q ii -i s ü .c .( ci X <:^ » ü V
Üf»^'" -jlc;.
v. i> 3 Ti; ..^ 1: c n<) A J i • X »^. r» e i j .n i J-
r « 'f ' 1J—V
•«• r
'"''"' a- j^j^'^ gehesis of Bruni's Latin Version of the psöudö-Aristotelian
■^ V T/n*^r'r
^5J' ./^ JtKj
:4'I''
f;
t h'<^
" Economic s is surrounded by a riddle that stained Bruni's name in
the eyes of observant philologists for more than 200 years. A tradi-
tional title of Bruni's Version in handwritten copies of the 15th
Century and in printed editions of the late 15th and during the I6th
(^••...•vJ ■■ '~--«-
,^-v 'Vw
%-u^*'
centuries maintain^d that these two "books of the spurious Aristote-
lian work were translated by Bnini from the Greek» The fact,known
to humanists of the 15th Century who were familiär with the Greek
original - '-- . .-.. ..r.,c <aA »?^^.
*,is that ho Greek text exist^ for the second of the two book^,
the liber secundus , in Bruni's Version« It might have been in the
ein 1295
hands of Durand d'Auvergne (Durandus de Alvemia) v;hen he was 'at
work on his Latin version of the identicpl two books which he,too,
called liber primus and liber secundus just as Bruni did. Perhaps
even Durand may not have seen the Greek text since,as Father George
Lacombe and his collaborators suggest in their inventary of medieval
3
Latin translations of Aristotelian writings , Durand merely revised
an older anonymous medieval translation of all three books that have
come down to us as the Aristotelian Economics. In this older^- pre-
ceded by a still more ancient,but now only in fragments exTsÜng -
I
ver«l-on all three books weretranslated from the Greek. The numbering
of the books in this anonymous translation corresponds to the arrange
ment of the ^text inMthe extant mss. and late 15tJ5i Century printed
editions of the Greek "frsxi. There bock II is a text dealing with what
euphemi s t i c al ly ^ . - y-^J^,.., >^, . . •
we may call public finances ;mf rather ex^amples of corrupt methods by
1^ o€ the Hellenistic period
scrupulous heads of governments to extract taxes and contributions
from people and public institutions. No trace of a Greek text for
iioltibBiT
r i "- ,1
'k'j
r ,T
The bibliography of the handwritten copies of a Renaissance La-
tin translation of a Greek classic needs no further justification.
,. It is a quarry from which the historian or philologist may "break
the stones for whatever edificene wants ,to build. Its usefulness
determined
will be
y7i.'r-" by the accuracy and the complenetess of the data
■ " - ' "j — . ,- well-spring and ' "-'" '""^
it provides. Itinay also be the basis for all sorts of interpreta-
tions. Their Utility will dfepend oft the meaningfulness of the ob-
jeclives pursued by the Interpreter and bn the degree to which the
results of his reflections happen to coincide with the data öf
the bibliographical material. The present study is intended to ful-
fill both purposes. It submits a bibliography of the extant manu-
scripts of Leonardo Bruni's annotated Latin Version of the pseudo-
Aristotelian Economics and it also e^fers two seriesof interpreta-
tions of this bibliography, j;.y^^i,;,.?:T^'xo be meaningfull. The one
deals with the public for v;hich the annotated- version^was n:eant or
which v/as reading it and the other concerns itself with the trans-
inission of the text which h^s caused confusion and prompted quest-
ions in the mind of scholars v;ho have studied it.
t 1 '
^ h"r'
. 1 . ■. l.
r, •.■ '■, "«
■P,\.: 'J, •;:,!.: ■ '
\ ■x ■
iil l
f"! ■> !, jJT'-^V
\ ^ ».' -7
.'.. ;■-.<.
•%..:'{■
' - i..
*■.■ ■■
Tradition
- 6 -
book III, Durand 's and Brimi's liber secundus » has shown up thus
r>'lnirr^. 0^^ far and there is no evidenöe that Brtmi has had access to it. Then
^>-io'. ii ß'ji.ni how could Bruni o r tho aut heys- of tho oitod --t^rt^e Claim that he has
ö3li».j^q. n :'t( translated it from the Greek ?20;qiKJ:[3 .^Itv/.ij'ivw emoa
*j>
- \
l.^._- ir.J-.
J. -.1. _ 4. >.
t ^ ^ I.
But has Bruni ever made such Claim ? Hans Baron h&s postulated
*■ ^.
1:0 O'.vG^ j-ffi.j
J :.'f
.* f) V
K' ■ y >
,•"•.%■'
that Bruni neveSr has mJaihtäined that he translated the liher secund -l
US and that the title, implyirig' that hre has, was not of Bruni 's mak-
ing. Bar^i häsed his hypothesis on the evidence of two manuscript^"
He pointed out that a partiqularly beautiful öopy of Bruni *s anno-
tated Economiqs version, In the Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana,Plut.
17 c.19 (■Szfeä.)>P6J^3^6d by Antonio di Mario, o-ne o f the Ws^ Floren-
tine scribes,thentn the Services of Cosimo de' Medici,showed clear-
I
ly that the entire work consisted of two separate parts. The first
one comprised only the preface, the Version of book I and the com-
mentary on book--I. At the end of this segment di '"'^ • "*:*.: ; «:- .
Mario signed: "Finis Commentarii super primo Libro Oeconomicorum.
Leonardus Aretinus edidit, Antonius Marius Florentinus scripsit V.
Non.Martii MCCCCXIX. Valeas qui legis." Reading the date in Floren-
' the twelve months from
tine style of chronology - the yeai' 1419 deücttlni^ the. idarch 25»
1419 to March 24,1420 - Mario mu s t have completed writing this manu-l
;- - 1^ -7^.
;''f tif , ■{_ ;
J.I..
o
^> Script on March 14,1420. After a vacant page follow book II and the
^b *'<■-.:.. .. p-.;i,*>. 7
T^ •<•..•
P
commentary on it. The explicit does not indicate a date and refers t(
the commentary as'tne one on the "liber secundus et ultimus". The
missing date for the second segment i«- furii'isli'ra "ty another hand-
written copy öf the entire work, cod. Conv,soppr. C.7.2677,f .öSv-STv
and f.l47-156v of the Biblioteca Nezionale Centrale at Florence .
f^-66") . On f.67v one reads: "Aristotelis philosophi economicorum seu
de re familiari liber II et ultiious explicit. Leonardus Aretinus
traduxit e Greco MCCCCXX. Feliclter." Baron inferred from this note
.1
♦♦^Hk
r^T ,A' .. ep.'> A revlew of the extani-fiiftdwritteÄ jCQ.plea:.c^^
«* r^
.vN ?-a>'w-
o ■;!,•', ..
■l (i. M
.« ♦■
.{
r-' •^
.r
l..
if!.
i T»;
t I
«• T
aiuxQt4t.e4JLay>n verslon of the p6eudo««Ar±£i;o.t&lla»-JIconDj;&lcs afford^
some worthwile glimpses ai the audience to which this ?/ork appealed
in the one Century after its first puhlication (1420-1520). What
exactly constituted its attraction will not be easy,if at all poss-
ible,to ascertain. The Economics - and more specifically the two of
its three "books which Bruni translated - was considered an integral
■^ \jir^ /v,v^,, had already held
part of Aristotelian moral philosophy STl'ftN' .- the int eres t of schol-
ars and educated laymen alike • f or äbout 150 years ' jefore Bnani's
annotated version first appeared.
■|-rft.
The hiimanistic character of
his
a
Latin rendition and of his cormnentary made Bnini's work also
document of hiimanistic scholarship. Ita dissemlnation was therefore
iriimately connected with the spread of that Renaissance movement.
This dual appeal may leave us co n se qu e a -tiry in some doubt about the
reason for the success of Bruni *s work,but the figures themäelves
allow nö uncertäinty as to.itspopularity with identifiable groups
in certain areas at specified times. .
^■y^~
The transmission of the text,too,is characterized by §l complex-
ity, related partiy" ltr-;i to the motivation of its appeal. and partly
to the peculiar genesis of Bruni 's composition. The entire work con-
sists of five partss a preface (dedicatory epistle),the Latin • träns-
lätion from the Greek of book I,the humanistic adaptation of the me-
dieval Latin text of book II, a commentary to book I and a commen-
tary to book II. A brief sketch of this text will be found in Appen-
dix I. Only 34^ of the extant and known copies qontain^all five ^
parts of the work (groups N and in the index to be found at the
end of Appendix II). Another 43 ^ of the copies (group D) have the
1 ;'
Or^3Tt.
7^ .^1 • .
t .1 i .
"XC *V-V f
Tradition .>> ^^ m^ i^C^ i V5 In^ ( / n-t^- ^ ^{ux ^ -^^«w* ^v^..^
that the work on the liber seciindus and the commentary on it was
5 >■<
completed between March 25 f 1420 and March 24,1421. This note is nn-
'V-v^k.'-l
^^^^^^ "^\. fortunately not as reliable as the oxplieit by di Mario at the end
I '>-x K TV'K^'C.of the first segment« The manuscripts of "ttils codex jcontaining all
/'three Aristotelian works on moral philosophy in the translation by
Bruni - the Ethics,Econofflics,Politics in this order with the commen-
/-"" "by Bnini . • <y i^. ^"^ '
/LJ-'' -^ tariesrt51i btrth iDOoks of the Economics at the end - mä penned after
(lHvU<- >t-H^.a,j Ttee j La t ej^j ^'^^V
V: /"- ' 1438. fifiSibther manuscript w^ identical explicit, cod. 1023 [R.7.
4], f. 2-17 of the Biblioteca An^elica at Rome ^' ca nn ot b e- a gc-ertHln*
ed-^-eltheat. .^'e 'd"ate"'given for the croifipletion of bock II and the com-
\.
W".
VVV*»-».
^"r-^
t
' r
mentary on it may b^authentic ox rest on neaxsay or^an inference on
the part of tte scribe w4^ ' Wa s - Q onee rn <r d --wirth ^he^^aatiÄ^-Ö^-all
rv-^v^ > r...'^ . "t^e note
tiiKed-4rit'ÄiTS-lÄ^4ons 4^^ anthor of /maintains that
» - , ■ i
the liber öecundus wae^translated from the Greek" which does not
^f/t
<
quite Support the hypothesis that Bruni has not made such claim.
v <
S^N^v^^'"
There is betJter
:..>.>l
\.jL
H....'
■^'^'<- i <-.' -'^^' '^'■"-»-ö "^
1 k, (J.J fe. A
e for the assumption that Bruni did tä't
(■■ ;. i.
l ■« U* :
^(3(a7 his work on the two books of the Economics in two stages end that
only
he completed on March 14,1420 the first part,comprising the preface,
book I and the commentary oh book'I. In his prefaöe to Cosimo de*"""'
Medici he said: "Tu igitur harum praecepta rerum in hoc libello
Aristotelis leges, quem ego non solum transtuli e Graeco ••• verum
etiam explanationem quamdam obscurorum verborum adiimxi ...*•. ("The
second part,cohsisting of his human! st ic adaptation bf the medieval
Latin text of book II and the commentary 6n it,w€w&, done separately
remäin^open when it occurred
Uj- l V
and ä later tlme,althöu^h it
Nine handwritten copies of the first part of Bruni 's annotated ver-
(group I in the index)
sion testify that it. was indeed published separately, as Baron ha^
assumed,and that the text /^""tüefirst stage wo*k- circulated through«
out the 15th Century. The most important of them is the ms. cod.
♦ .'.•
-. \'
Tradition
x^olt.ibBxf
- 3 -
/-"
r. -w ^t cio first three parts of the entire work,the preface^books I and II,
l :'J"on c
but nö commentaries. The remaining 23 fo have either three, two or
■>i
fi T t-a
r
i\
one part.l Catalogers familiär with ULe^ enlJtr e 'work have thought
as
i. i.Ü .;^,:'.XJ
j. ttee» -to be fragmentary ^. I am inclined to regard them riölther ^cci-
customa.rily
vo /-.?.ur .M- <i^nJi^Äyfint^ntionally or /incomplete. I'wöuld retard as fragmen-
il^ :;VuO'''
tary only those copies in which portions of any paart of the text
are missing,be it because the: v;< ; (. not completely copied or be-
ji JUs'i-»^ Ja »i«. ••■ • '«'v^ '-• , , Hh^..**.».- »
* ■
.5 :
cause .hfj' Vi r^> lost in the process of binding the leaves of a co-
dex or torn outj. Fragments in the sense^ def ined Jißxe are fairly
infrequent; altogether they amoimt to 13 items orjf.S ^ of the to-
tal number of extant copies. Accidentally incomplete copies (groups
— ^, Intentionally or",
•«■** - vi^^ftT-f^-**'!""..';-»! -^'A^--" •.'/■.'•■
\ G,K,L,M and P in the index), to tal •• ^'
QI
^pröbä^ly intentionally ^incomplete copies (groups A,B,C,E,F,H^I aad
': ^ in the index) add up to i; items or-^'i^-^ of the total. Accident-
rr \
'^1'ni:t:^! .M^ ^
(
r t
; ally incomplete are copies where one of the parts is missing,al-
I though the arrangement of the text indicates that provisionfe have
j been made for the inclusion of the missing part . Either the scribe
' ^ ' ' " and 3.66 '
; failed to penn it { as in I2&X70?:" there is evidence that leaves of
l the codex are lost (as in 146) •'* Intentionally incomplete are copies
where one or more parts are leftout because the scribe, particularly]
if we know him,apparently did not see fit to copy the entire work
although it was known to him (such as 90,penned by Marsilio Ficino).|
As customarily incomplete I would regard copies^. based on an earlicr
r
6opy which contained only two or three parts presumed/to be the en-
■'1 ■ ' '
^^ tire wo.rk . ( such . as 114 and 5)«.'this Classification should not be
,■_ .taken for more. than a suggestiOQ^ ßo historian o^n possibly be cer-
tain what was in the mind of the scribe or his patron ;<x delet<jc)"
•rJ
.'.*■
a portion of the entire work. Nor is the diving line between incom-
^ plete and fragmentary copies always es clear cut as it mey appear
•"H'i'^TjfW'-iWni
Tradition
^v->- H/'v.V'v,,,
(.
\ IM
)
0oiJ.i.^iJ7l:T
- 8 -
VIII.G.45,f .1-51 öf the Biblioteca Nazionale at Naples tS=-.ü4-) .
Thl«^ par^jhment codex of - 105 leaves with vario«» texts by Bruni be-
^or^ged to the Parnese colleetian. At the end of the coffimentary on
hook I of the Economlcs one reads: "Leonardus Aretinus edidit. Srip-
tus per me Andream de Amoldis de Florentia in mense Junii 1421'*«
This otherwise unknown scribe therefore penned a copy b&sed on the
ms. from di Marions hand 15 months after the latter was completed.
A second dated copy^is the ms. cod.Ä,VII*l,f,96-117 of the Biblioteci|
Civica Queriniana at Brescia C^rfi£.) »written by Bartolomeus de 6a-
nasonibus^th^member of an old noble familia at Brescia, who comple-
ted his copy on September 18,1439. A third copy^^"^' the ms« cod. DB
IXbXMIJ pf the '
V 6, f #13-36 of the-Strahov^ka^Kni havay the ,rf ormer Stirahov monaötery
8 C^^) u^^ ein Italy
at Prague . This particularly beautiful copy might-fe^ve^ -^eh penned*
at about 1459. And the fourth copy,the ms. cod.lat.ll 138,f.49-65v
of the Bibliothegue Nationale at Paris ^ (.S:z5fi.) ,was v/ritten in a ,■
by a
fine humanistic Script Bartholomaeus Cersolus in 1471. Among the
mss. from unknown hands two are notable. The onerHs the cod.Perizon-
ianus Q 18 of the Bibliotheek der Ri.lksuniversiteit at Leiden
probably a collectors* item circulating in Holland
CS^^3^,a parchment ms. which was acquired in 1742 by the Universi-
for some time in the late 17th and early 18th Century
ty from a the library of a faculty member for the famous Perizonian-
■:^.
e f
US collection. The Script appears to be th e one of a professional
scribe and the initial with rieh ornamentation in the margin would
point to Florence as the place of origin. The other ms.^ls cod.
A. IV. 16, f •65-87 of the Biblioteca Comunale at Mantova ^"^,written
in the late 15th Century, and still in the middle of the 18th Cen-
tury a collector's item.
■^
■ .s f
V,t]
-. ».'
Tradition ^o^-*-^: '^"^ ^ - •* -
Vjt^ his annotated ^yer sion
It Is not unreasonable to presume that the pyefac^,as any prefac6
authored by a humsuist of such faineovm as Bruni,would be copied for
the sake of Ur style and content. But there is no assurance that
this was necessarily so in the case of the handwritten copies known
to US. toong the ' "^^rnip cT intentionally or customarlly incomplete
,^ ,, , , . . ^, . ' ,^, .-, of copies ; , .. ^ •
copies there are a good numher which,i. ^r^-;"•-»r■"/ MaS^lfi'.e. ,may yield
interesting clues as to the genesis as well as to the transmission
of Bruni's work./ Manuscript research ought not to be predicr-ted on
•• ■ ,y
/'' a ration^lity of human activities that we knov; to be absent from
f observed reality. ' .- * . .
/ This was the primary objective of setting aside as a special cate-
( gory these descriptlve groups, forme d according to their. textual . :■ .
>.
\ ■ - . • -.
\_content .
C .'
-^ 1» N.
■:>b"'
^.
J .V
.■Ij t.
\* W - • .J^
■ • T . . ,■ '
t r
f : ' • .' r> 'i
*■ , -> :* ' - >
V',
Tradition
- 9 -
h^^i r
Tfe«*e'--ex±s^tS'-Äl-s€) Aiother variant of "one "book" copies con-
tainiftg the preface and book I only,but not the commentary on book
way related
!• Whether these mss. äre in any . to the handwritten copies of the
first sefment of Bruni's annotated Version ::- ,is htrd to teil
12
But it is not unthinkable that they may have branched out from these
copies. In any event,some scribes have added notes at the end of
their texts.which are worth to--^ considereti. Only three of them
are d&ted.The oldest of thein/-ts a very beautiful copy in a celebrat-
ed English collectors item. This codex was until 1957 a part of the
collection of C.W.Dyson Perrins and came then through public auction
in the possession of an unknown private owner. While still in the
13
Perrins collection, the ms. was cod. 64, f .199-205 (-^fSGÖ ♦ It was
written by a Gaspar Garimberto,a professional scribe,for Giovanni
Amerino,auditor of Francesco Sforza, and completed on May 27, 1451 •
^J.n or before 1464
About 13 years late^ the schoiarly Bohemian nobleman Johannes von
(de) Rabenstein, a friend of Enea Silvio Piccolomini,copied the same
two parts of Bruni's version in Pavia where he had temporarily re-
tired to escape the religious and political tribulations in his na-
tive counttry. The ms.(fcod.T43 tCpl. [454. b] 59) ,f .62-63v,±«::3S5W in
the Stiftsbibliothek Schlaegl in Upper Austria ^ (rSTrSr) . Three other
copies from unknown hands are notable on account of the titles sad/sor
notes at the end of the text. One, Is the ms., cod. Vindob. 3420 LPhilos.
240],f .124-125V of the Oesterreichische Nationalbibliothek at Vien-
15
na fsrf-) . It was probably penned after 1460 in Central Italy, pos-
in
sibly Siena# At the end of the text one reads: "Explicit oeconomi-
corum liber Aristotelis primus Latinitati redditus et perfectus est,
non enim plures quam unum scripsit". This remark indicatös that söme
Tradition
- 10 -
scholart at the middle of the 15th Century had their doubts about
the ascription to Aristotle of the medieval and modern books II and
III (the liber secundus of Bruni). The copy In the MS* 78.1,f .72v-79
of The Newberry Library at Chicago ("S lUSI ) »written in Italy in
the 15th Century, "bears the laconic suprascription: "Leonprdi Arhetini
interpretatio Aristotelis opusculi de re faniiliari ad Cosmum de me-
dicis f lorentinum" . At the end of the ms. cod. 2828 Llat.1512] ,f •147v
^'^" 17
- 158v Olf the Biblioteca Universitaria at Bologna ' (-griSX) in which
book I is suprascribed with "Incipit tractatus",one readss "L,A.
ICHONOMICE. ARISTOTELIS, TRANSLATIO FINITt . FELICITER."
r-
. (^
So much for the "one book*' manuscripts. Those containing the
first Segment of Bruni*s annotated version appear to be accidental
by him
copies of that portion penned by Antonio di Mario and completed on
-tV,.,.-'.- -,.._.<
-/.
March 14,1420 while those wl:th the preface and book I öaiy may re-
flect a tradition of critical scholarship. More corroborating evi-
r*
dence and a closer study of the texts would be renuired/to support
the correctness of this Impression. The probable or piain signifi-
cance of copies cefl^ÄOiiing ^the' translation by Bruni' of book I and
O aione
his adaptation of book II (group E in the index) or TDOok II (group
F) or"'excerpts from both books (group Q) will be taken up in other
lÄ
context]. (parti III) .
-„-.^ \V /
The predominant type of handwritten copies is that of all
five parts,the preface, books I and II and the commentaries, or of""
the preface, books I and II. They pose a different set of problem.
if the text as penned by di Mario is considered the archetype. We
cannot be certain that his is the presentation copy. We knovj that
Tradition
- 11 -
it was in the library of Pietro de' Medici,the son of Cosimo to whom
the Version was dedicated, and we also observe corrections in the
But
margins from a hand yet unidentified. isince there is no more authen-
tic copy,these two circumstances not necessarily exclude the possibil
ity that we are deäling with the copy handed to Bnmi*s patron. At
any rate, the transmission of the text 6hould be studied with a view
at the arrangement of the first '•two book" copy, Then,the history
of the transmission would reveal three different forms of the entire
work of Bruni^viz« (1) Preface,book I,commentary on book I,book II,
commentary on book II; (2) Preface,books I and II,coininentaries on
both books, and (3) Preface,books I and II in roughly this chronolog-
ical Order. These three forms are indeed represented in our groups
N,0 and D .
r
- f
J y »V
)'
The di Mario manuscript excluded, there are ten copies of
w.
the text written in the order in which di Mario penned it,two of the/
r
öxipiaa/from 1425. There is^^slight although interesting difference
between the two dated mss.,in that in the one the commentaries fol-
low each book ivhile in the other the commentaries ,in medieval
fashion, are written in the margins around the version of each
book. The first fi<^© is the ms. cod.Vat.lat. 3547,f .38v-56v
18
- ■ •- i- '.
written by a Franciscus Beninus de Redolfini whö completed it'
copy
on May 25,1425. He sold it> '^■''^j bound together with änotii^rfröin
his hand of
Greek
Brtini*8 translation of Plato's Gorgias, to the famous scribe N.Scyl-
7 lacius. Among the other five copies, three of them fragmentary in
various ways,one was written by an unknown Italian hand in 1459
(•■ 3";. The other old ms. is cod. 29 438 [MS. Add. C. 264J ,f. 107-119
19
of the Bodleian Library (S::::2t) , written by Johannes de Manasseis
de Iteramna at Florence in 1425. One of the three other, copies of
this kinü is
Tradition
- 12 -
.?0
noteworthy for reasons not directly related to the transmission of
the text.(tli^ ms. Pal. lat. 1010, f.l56-163v in the Vatican Library
(il 211) the liber primus is tWled "Differentie Economice et Politi-
ce^ ft'kken from scholastic commentaries on this book. One ms., not i*
listöd in the bibliography 21 t,^.;
appeared in print at Siena in 1508. The editor,Bartholomaeus de Löm^
bardia from Sybaris,persuaded the well-known printer - " publisher
Simon Nardi to print Xh% manu o er lyt so as"to preserve Bnini's work
for posterity. Editor and printer were apparently not aware that by
this time Bruni's Version had been printed two dozen times and half
a dozen times with the commentary,mostly in widely circulating edi-
tions of Aristotle's Collected Works.
the
The other two forms - one containing the preface,books I and
II and the commentaries on both books in this secjuence and the otherl
containing the preface and books I and II only - are evidently the
youngest,but the dates in the msä. do not sllow defintive conclusions|
as to the time v/hen either was'copied first. But it seems to be very
likely that these forms came into existence sometime between 1438
and 1442. One of the oldest mss. of the entire annotated version is
the one in
coa.Conv.soppr.C.7.2677,mentioned earlier. There the
text of the preface and the version of the two books is copied separ-
ately from the conimentaries; at the end of the version we read th^t
Brurii rendered his translation in 1420. The codex originally in the
possession of the Florence Benedictine abbey was penned after 1438.
It appears to— tie. not unlikely that the Economics text was based on
another copy with a more extensive explicit such as is to be found
in the ms. cod. 1023 [R. 7. 4], f. 2-17 of the Biblioteca Angelica at
Romie
^
C^:::!^?^ ; there one reads at the end of bpok II t **Aristotelis
Tradition
- 13 -
philosophi echonomicorum seu de re familiari liber secundus et ulti-
mus explicit. Leonardas Aretinus traduxit e greco. M CCCC XX .'»
This is the explicit in di Marions copy except for the last sentence
its
and date. But since no other reference as to the time of origin can
"be found this ms. is of no furtber help in determining wben this form
of the entire version came into existence. A ms. of this form with
the earliest available date/ is cod. Vittorio Eroanuele 238,f .ll6-127v
of the Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale Vittorio Emanuele II at Rome
•vhl.''. was penned in 1447.
1/ve are a bit better off with copies of the other form, but no
evidence is quite conclusive. The oldest of.the dated m.ssiis cöü.
Ottob.lat.l353,f .272v-r285v in the Vatican Library written by Gio-
vanni Pietro Paolo of Ancona. He completed writing the mmy »»s-. -ef
this codex on March 7,1442 and otir ms. m,ay hrve been penned even some
years before this date. Although a man of leaming,h6 suprascribed
the text with **De ingenuis moribus",the title of.,treatise by Pier
definite ' nGi')
Paolo Vergerio. The next ms. with a • ' date is cod. 13 521, f.
2^
122-129V of the Biblioteca Nacional at Madrid , written at Siena
in August 1443. The fact that two copies of these • most populer
forms of Bruni's annotated Economics version should not bear earlier
only roughly
dätes than 1447 and 1443 and that two others can be assigned to soine
time after 1438 and before 1442 does not exclude the possibility
that older copies existe<k. But it remains stränge that msnüscripts
of other varisjits were"^ traceable to a time much closer to 1420. To
assume that the arrängementqf the. text best 'knöwn, in its history
were the youngest does rtot ■aj)pear to -be iinreaaonsble •
Tradition
- 14 -
II
The fear of Bartholomneus de Lombardia that Bruni's annotated
Version of the Economics might get lost if not entrusted to as power-
ful a means of communication as the printing press was unfounded.
The 217 extant handwritten copies alone testify that it must have
been a fairly well-known work in the 15th Century. But how much of
a success has it been ?
To measure the degree of its popularity one would have to com-
pare the amount of its manuscripts with the numbers of the handwrit-
ten copies of comparable literary products from about the same peri-
of copies
od^...Xt -WÄUld hardJLy b£ fair to conf ront t^he nuti^ber of a Latin Eoon-
omic § , Version wi th those of the Lat in Bib te or of^
^•^■~'"*. - .i. ■■
the^-Divine
Comedy for which probably complete bibliegraphies are avallable« For
works of less fame Statistical figures are scanty. Two examples cit-
ed by scholars interested in the development of the handv^ritten and
printed book may serve as illustrations for the dissemination of
populär tex^s in the later Middle Ages. The one is the travelogue of
14th Century ( 1300 ? - 1371 ?)
aiiii English traveller known by his Pseudonym Sir John Mandeville
handv.'ritten
written in French and completed in 1356. Thus f^r 250 copies are
known, 200 of them in five languages - German a -d Dutch (73),^atin
(50), English (40), French (37) - €bp^3Pt-'-froK -«ncounted Spanish,Italian,|
Danish,Czech and Irish versions • T-be English versiün dates fr.om
the 15th Century, The other is the English chronicle "Brut" [= Bru-
tusjthe supposed great grandson of Aeneas of Troy and founder of
New Troy, i.e. London] by the early 13th Century cleric Layamon,con-
sidered to be "the only continuous chronicle of the fifteenth cen-r
Tradition
- 15 -
ury*». The tradition of the text is somewhat involved resembling faint|
ly the complexity of Latin Economics versions,but simpler insofar as
only
there are two texts known, an A text from 1205 and a B text, in fact
a Paraphrase, from 1275. The chronicle was also translated into La-
tin. An incomplete listing of the mss. of the English version copied
prior to 1480, i.e. for almost 3 centuries comprises 121 copies. "The
Wide diffusion of the Brut in manuscript" wrote an English scholar,
••and the mimerous printed editions which aipeared between 1480 and
2S
1550 would alone make it important" ,
A third set of Statistical figures brings us closer to our
catalogued
area. The Swedish classicist Franco Munari . the extant hand-
written copies of Ovid*s Metamorphos4.s,penned from the lOth to the
17th centuries ^. Altogether he listed 390 items for the 7 centuriesl
I counted 135 mss. written in the 15th Century and another 4 from
the 16 th Century so as to much his figures somev/hst more comparable
to those for the mss. of ^ Latin Economics versions by medieval
translators and by Bruni. The total number of the handv/ritten copies
of Bruni 's Economics Version compares quite favorably with the tötalsj
for the two chronicles with their appeal to a rather broad public
apprecieted by
and also with the Metamorphoses - i; c l, - an audience not dissimila:
from the one that took an interest in Bruni 's version.
Finally,we may compare in some detail Bruni 's humanistic ver-
sion with the medieval Latin transl.'?tions of the Economics. As to
the latter, we can confine ourselves to the two tran-^lations that
actually circulsted and v;ere still copied in the 15th centuries,
the old translation (translatio vetup) of the three books by an anon-
Tradition
- 16 -
nymous author done in about 1260 and the younger translation or
re Vision by Durand d'Auvergne (recensio Durandi) of the same two-'r,"
books as in Bruni's rendition,done in 1295. Of these two,the work
and his collaborat
by Durand was the niore populär; the catElogue by Father Lacombe of
all medieval Latin versions of Aristotelian writings, Aristoteles
Latinus, lists in the index altogether 75 copies.of it. The total
number of mss. containing the old translation amounts to 18. Some
s
figures require qualification,resulting partly from the nature of
the material and paitly from the deficiencies of every bibliogriphy
including the present. After the publication of Durand 's revision,
the texts of books I and III in the old translation were combined
with those by Durand. These **contaiEinated** texts were assigned,de-
pending on the degree to which the respective version prevailed,
to the one or other translation. Further research v;ill turn up copies
undetected by the authors of the catalogue,deterinine the nature of
texts of yet uncertain content and eliminate others that are Bruni's
Version or derived from it. Professor Kristeller added already one
quite important item to the old translation and eliminated another .r;
one
from the list of unidentified medie/al versions because it wrs ' '-
in fact Bruni*s
^7
If we further break dovm the totals into the numbers of mss.
penned before and after 1399 we may catch a glimpse of * the rivalry
betv/een the medieval and Bruni*s Economics version. In the course
of the 15th Century 5 copies were made of the translatio vetus,two
of them being •♦contaminated»» . Three were written after Bruni*s Ver-
sion was well known (1455, before 1457,1461); the ms. dating from ;.
copied for
1455 was the humanistically inclined Rector of the Sorbonne, Guil-
laume Flehet. Also in the 15th Century 27 copies were made of the
Tradition
- 17 -
Version by Durand, one while Bruni's version was still little known
(1429) and eight after Bruni's version had gained wide circulation
(1441,1459,1461,1468 twice, 1472, 1474, 1488) . Something will be said
later regarding the countries in which the 15th Century mss. of the
Durand version originated since this Observation will further illus-
träte the competition between the medieval and humanistic transla-
tions.
For a moment we may leave the safe ground of Statistical Infor-
mation and engage in a speculation by way of Statistical Interpola-
tion. Prior to 1399 there were about 60 copies of both medieval trans-
lations in circulation. They constitute the larger portion of the
extant mss. of the medieval Latin versions with which Bruni's rendi-
tion has had to compete. To them must be added the 11 iteros from the
time after Bruni's versieh has become better known, i.e. after 1440,
and some more copies penned after 1400 which are not dated. If we
presume that 2/3 of the known mss. of the medieval versions penned
tß— the 15th Century, or 14 copies, were v;ritten after Bruni's work was
sufficiently familiär to the public, then the Bruni version was con-
fronted with 85 actually circulating copies of the medieval transla-
■^or nev; copies
tions. Had Bruni not entered the scene and had the demand by people
customarily receptive to Aristotelian moral philosophy - academiciansl
;2i ^ ' new
clerics and educated laymen - doubled-, twice as many copies as existedl
by 1399 or an additional 120 mss. of the medieval versions would h^ve
to be expectfed to be written within the 15th Century. Actually only
32 weie y^enned and that leaves us with a potential demand for 88
Version
.^
copies. Therefore,the 214 mss. of Bruni's more than covered this de-
■T"ft- -...^■i-'
.f» ^
mand. In fact,only 40^ of the copies of his version came into the
Tradition
- 18 -
hands of th:)se readers who wanted to know the Aristotelian work re-
gardless of its style and the other 60*^ would have acquired it on
account of its humanistic form.
But speculation aside,the fact remains that the copying of
the medieval translations declined in the 15th Century as compared
with the 14th Century while the total number of kss. of.the Aristo-
telian work increased four times; about 5/6 of the 15th Century
mss. vere those of Bruni*s Version. It was quite a success for a
a work by Bruni,but by no means spectaculf\r as far as dis?emination
of his translations and v.?ritings goes. Since there are no Statistical
figures available for any of his other works,! can only summarize
impressions gathered in leafing through countless catalogues of manu-|
Script collections and Prof .Kristeller 's 1 1 er .""l' would differentiate
'^•«'T,.-! ir.,..
three Croups of works by Bruni according to the number of . handwrit-
ten copiesf (1) those of which more than 300 copies are extant,main-
ly translations from the Greek such as Xenophon's Tyrannus or St.
Basil*s De studiis saecularibus; (2) those of which 200 to 300 copies|
are preserved such as his versions of Aristotle's Ethics,Economics
and Politics; (3) those of which less than 100 copies are known such
as his Dialogi ad Petrum Paulmn Histruin,De militia and other treati-
ses of more local interest, I ther^by try to be on the qonservstive
/ ^
side and I should not be surprised if bibliographies of translations
from Plato and Plutarch would far exceed the 300 mark. The Economics
Version would be in the lowest third of group f2) while hir Ethics
and Politics versions would figure in the second or first third of
this group with numbers of mss. exceeding wäII 'that'' ibf the Economics
Version.
Tradition
- 19 -
III
"'. . . üt enim medicinae finis est sanitas,ita rei familiaris
divitias finem esse cons tat. Sunt vero utiles divitiae,cuin et or-
namento sint possidentibus et ad virtutem exercendam suppeditent
facultatem •••*'. These are the precepts of that part of practical
philosophy that concerns itself with Economics (res familiaris or
oeconomica) ,explains Briini in his dedicatory epistle to Cosimo de*
before
Medici in reply to the rhetorical question he had directed to his
patron. " ••• Cui enim rectius de gubernatione exercitus praecipi
potest,Quam illi,qui exercitiim habeat ? Cui rursus de rei familiar-
is administratione, quam ei, qui rem amplam possidet et tueri illam
cum laude gliscit et augere cum dignitate ?".
This is the way in which Bruni,the scholer and man of public
affairs,looked at that "little book" (libellus) by Aristotle and ;
the translation of which he dedicated to a man of wec-^lth and cui-
ture who could afford to practice virtue and,as he assured him
(and us),managed his riches in a praisworthy fashion and enlarged
them with honesty. To make the reading of the book easier for his
patron",he also added to his version an explanation of the more ob-
scure passages
31
t U.>^
There might be more truthfulness in
■■ r>a ••.•;]
this
dedicatory epistle es to why the translation was dedicsted to
this man in particular and to men of his kind in general than
it was customary in such epistles, apart of course. from the usual
*n"' ~\ """*• n '' " '. '*• • \*
.> . ■',■ ■■'■»T .
Tradition
- 20 -
praise of the patron. Just as Aristotle had addressed his treatise
on Politics to those who had the amount of property and education
toward
prerequisite for civic virtue and also the inclination and practi-
cal experience in public affairs "^ - the reference to the Politics
in the aböve passage from the epistle is obvious - so did Bruni ap-
parently intend to put his Version 6f the Economic s into ""the hands
of men of means and education. Also, his commentary which he charac •
terized as an explanation of obscure passages was meant for people
from other walks of > life than those who were in the habit of read-
ing the traditional commentaries on works by Aristotle, i.e. academi-
the „
cians trained in^ scholastic exegesis of the texts by the philosoph-
er". Hence his comirentary was not devoted to lengthy cttOi delibera-
tions on the difference between the sciences of Politics and Econ-
al
omics as was then common in the tradition commentary literature and
almost exclusively to the practical issues treated in the work and
to the Inany references öf the text to history and classical. litera-
ture.
l'\ , "-^'^
the
Among the owners and readers of hsndwritten copies of Bruni *s
Economics Version we shall indeed find many men in elevated public
positions and professional men,but also scholars devoted to the
of all sorts and ranks University
studia humanitatis and clerics . Teachers of moral philo sophy were
the last ones to join the public audience and only after a long
period of hesitation. . But before we turn to these various groups
ia-soffie-^letÄil somethingshould be said about the scribes of the
-■«••vv^--- V^,«t^ V
manuscripts. Ordinarily,they would be t^e^Ätj&d -as the intermediaries
between the author and the public somewhrt like the printers and -
publishers in the age of the printed book. In cur Pcasejhowever,
Tradition - 21 -
they may be^ both if they copy the text for their own use be.'it for
''^
the mere study of the text or for preparing their own commentaries
on it,
Cly__sQribes ,
Only a few copyists were professional scribes or scholarV of
fame. This is not to say that the nrnnber of copies expertly written
and lavishly ornamented with beautiful colored Initials is very
small. On the contrary: a surprisingly large percentage of the manu-l
Scripts were v/ritten by fine hands and illuminated by artists specia]
lizing in the execution of Initials; some v/orked on direct Orders
by
prospective owners and some in the Services of bookdealers.
Since their copies were merchandise,no nsatter how highly priced,
they did not sign their names. The only famous scribe is Antonio
di Mario, a pioneer in the development of humanistic script , The
other Italian or in Italy living copyists 8re,at present,mere names.
They were Andreas de Arnoldis from Florence (114: 1421), Andreas de
Montelupono (31), Bartholomeus Cersolus C3S* 1471), Dominicus Car-
rolus (7: 1458), Gaspar Garimberto in Milan (20: 1451), lacobinus
Sangallus from Beigamo (144), A.Ludovici (179), Johannes de Manasse-
is de Interamna in Florence (26: 1425-26), Panigallius Jacobus (10),
Johannes Pottere de Zuricsei-in Rome (22: 1456) and Franciscus Beni-
nus Nicolaj filius de Redolfinij (198: 1425).
The most famous among the scholars who copied in Italy is Mar-
silio Ficino. We do have two copies from his hand,one of the preface
books I and II, written before 1454 and probably closer to 1452 (41).
The other is a copy of books I and II,penned in May 1455 and owned
by him (90), It is one of a group of copies (group E in the index),
from the hands of scholars who v;ere mainly interested in Bruni*s ver
l— "^.r. - 7; ?'i ' r-
n^ ' • ''▼''.
Tradition
- 22 -
sion of the spurious Aristotelian text,&offle-e#~-4fe€Tn~ti«'±iig-±VaS' a
haals..~£ox,~.thßlr own GOHUJientÄxtes. The Brescian nobleman Bartolomeus
de Ganasonibus whop^nned a one-book copy (62s 1439) was probably
a Scholar and Giovanni Pietro Paolo of Ancona,the disciple of Ciria-
co of Ancona who .
r," .^
«■;; ! L
"^.^ , r endered a Latin version of the pseudo«
Aristotelian De Virtutibus ^ ,was certainly one. The Bohemian noble-
man Johannes von (de) Rabenstein who cor)ied for himself the preface
(2)'
anä book I at Pavia in or before 1464 ^as both a scholar and cour-
tier. Two of the f inest copies were written by Spanish scholars and
professional scribes; the one (1^7: 1461) by Antonio de Lebri.la
[Antonius de Lebrixa] and the other (153* 1464) by Antonio de Mora-
les. Some copies by otherv;ise unknown non-Italian clerics and schol-
ars will be mentioned in other contexts as significant for peculia-
rities in transmission of the Briini version.
With a fev/ exceptions,all handv/ritten copies are of Italian
provenance» The few exceptions^thus far amounting. to 15fbut spme
more may be established as such..are mss. originating in Spain,Switz-
erland,Belgi-uin,Germany and Poland, They are of interest because
they give us an inkling of how and when Bruhi's version became known
outside his native coxintry,in the wake of the spreading humanistic
movement. Four of the better items were copied in Spain by profes-
sional scribes; in addition to the two just mentioned there is one
by a Gundisalvus de Oviedo (169). The earliest was the work by An-
tonio de Lebri.ja who did it in 1461. The printing press in Spain
took over from the scribes in c. 1475-77 when Lambert Palmart in > ; '
Valencia brought an exquisite print (GW 2570) on the market. (^¥ie
\:> ^C
/^l C,-X> VvX v-v-vvv/t t''>i OV
Tradition
- 23 -
5
s
«>
r
^— •-,
V
^.
->
t-'
«^
j;
j '
■>
'/."
.(..,
A
K
K.
<* .
■■—/•■
copy m&s written in Bruges,Belgiuin, in 1465 ^y an unknown scribe
who signed ^ F.M.B. ,possibly a cleric (F may stand for frater; in
another ms.,preceding this one,in t - cod. 1373 LT. 5 #11] of the
Biblioteca Angelica, he signed M.B.). Here . may also be mentioned
written in Italy in the miadle of the 15th cent
another ms.>Tl62) which brother Michaer böught^ at Louvain and broug
to the monastery Popel - .[Spairi- which he later headed as abbot. It
indicates that Bruni's Version was circulating in Belgium at^tne
same time as in Spain. In Switzerland it may have been knowen even
earlier to judge by G4*^-0^aB*«4afi^ial eviaence. Accor(^ing to an in-
from 1432 there vjas among
ventary - the books in the Benedictine monastery at Wiblingen '• ':
(South-West Germany) a ms. (219),now lost,with an explicit at the
end of the commentaries on both books noting that it was copied
37
at Basel- . A ms. in Zürich (186) of the entire annotat ed Version
was copied in 1464 by an "unknownybut seemingly clerical hand was
subsequently given to the monastery of the white friars (Carmelites)|
about 1515
in that city. From 1469 on and until six manuscripts were copied
in Germany. The oldest is a copy of the preface and both books by
a canon of the Cathedral at Constance (51) »another, completed by a
German hand before 1477,belonged to the Dom.inican cnnvent of Regens-|
mss.
bürg (49)» The remaining four are much younger. Only one of these
is a straight copy of the Bruni version with preface by a Conrad
Schraude from Allenspach who wrote it in 1507 (45). The other three
are copies of r •,;<;' booK II (150)and both books (46,50) ,serving as
texts for late scholastic conmentaries. The yoimgest copy (46) dates
from about 1515* It is not at all unlikely that these copies from
the late 15th and early 16th centuries were alreaäy done from print-|
■'r^., ■■■■-■■'-■■ •- ••- .-...••—■■ - ^oharm "^
ed editions. Bruni's version was-printed for the first timeby Men-
telin at Strasbourg in c.M69 (GW 2367) ,en.d inry therefore CJOnsidered
.>vv v(^^, - ,,_, ^^
*-w>/^
Tradition ^ . ^ r , \ -, , ^ i< " 24 -
/ ' ^ ^
to be a printed ms. B^L_150.7-i4"Wes follewed by- -fottr- -»ore Oea^mcn '"•^
— y Sri,., ..■K.»*. t.4«v^»^_ ■'
^-7 RxiiUs . \ In Poland the two books in tue 'fränslation by Bruni were
^'^ from Poznan
copied in 1518 by the nobleman Christophorus Koszucki : ',the first
IBTöölc ,
\accompanied by interlinear notes and what appears to be a commen-
'^, "^"^ " ' ' '"""^ ' '" ' "
tary in the margins (149) .:carlier,in 1505, a scholar by name of
Bernard from Lublin (Bemardus Lublinus),a disciple of Filippo Buon«
accorsi di S#Gemignano ( Callimachus, 14 37-96 ) ,made excerpts from
both books (148); the significance of M-s- -undertaking will be -öi-s-
c.U.a5je4 in a later o^ß^^e^d:. AgÄin,l>'oth copies may be bared on widely
«t-v*.
circulting prints fre»-"Wl*a:t^VÄX.x^un'try. In Cracow,the printer-pub-
lisher Florian Ungler turned out in 1512 the probably earliest Po-
lish print of the Bruni Version. The mss. penned outside Italy sug-
gest that the work by Bruni was received,from the early 1460 *s on,
France
first in Spain,Belgium and Switzerland,thenin Germany and finally
":t^/
in Poland,
l The Universite de Paris cod. 570 has
)/<
various copies of
works by Bruni, among them one of the Economics version with the pre-
face. They were copied,p-ossi-blx in Paris, for Odon Charelier LCarlier|
^'. Professor at the College de Laon,in 1486 ^^. The first Paris print
was don« by George Wolff for the publisher Durand Gerlier in 1489/
90 (GW 2447). v^l.L.1,^^
1
V-^ V«, t ^'^■**\, If^ ^>% *^v-
In turning to persons who acquired '\Sruni*s annotated Economics
^^-A.^ or through > "^^
Version by having e^^i^ made on order |pu3rcli'ase in the open market
of already extant manupcripts or,because they were lacking the means
to buy them, copied them with their own hand and i a ^1-1 -%hege weys
adiijad.~th«m..tQ. their„^ now shall meet the public that
took an interest in the wörk by Bruni. In the Middle Ages already
Tradition
- 25 -
educated laymen,besides academic teachers,were attracted to the
\^ . :xi LAristotelian writings on moral philosophy. King Charles V,a patron
of the sciences,had Nicole Oresme translate in 1571^74 the Ethics,
Economics and Politics into French so that he and his courtiers
would be better acquainted with these works. Oresme rendered his
French Version of the Economics from the Latin translation by Duranoj
d'Auvergne and also added to his translation a commentary in the
form of glosses,in some rest>ects resembling the annotations of Bru-
ni who,however,was not aware of his predecessor. In 1374 a manifi-
centdedication copy with colored miniatures was handed to the king
39
, While still at work, Oresme received a letter from his royal
patron in which he saidt "Nous faisons translater ä nostre bien
aime le doyen de Rouen,maistre Nicolle Oresme, deux livres,lesquieux
sont trös necessaires et pour cause, c'est assavoir Polithiques et
40
Yconomiques ..." .and for which he detailed the necessary finan-
of France
cial Support. More than tv;o centuries later king Henry IV acquired
private
for his collection a copy of Bruni*s Latin version of the
Economics that,through various intermediaries,ca.me from the library
of king Ferränte ' of Aragon in Naples and was indeed a copy worthy
of royalty. It is now the ms. cod. lat. 6310, f .111-117 of the Biblio-
41
theque Nationale (29)« We have no- way ':::. to ascertain how much of
i- ■•-'
aft-interest Henry IV h«Ä -in this work by Bruni,but we do know that
Ferrante of Aragon treasured it as a piece of great personal con-
cern. Hife father Alfonso "the Magnificent" was as much attracted -
to the work by Aristotle as to the translation by Bruni. In fact,
Bruni sent a copy of his version to Alfonso with a personal letter
42
and Alfonso expressed his appreciation for this gift and also
43
his sentiirients about the Aristotelian work in two extant letters
Tradition
- 26 -
The interest of Alfonso in Aristotelian philosophy was not confined
f
.V
i
r ^^
■^
^
[ i
^
r
^' f r
t.
^i ,^- tlie Pölltics. He^ponsored the translation of the Eudemian Ethics
J , r ■ r'-'^ofl'rrt ————————
by Giannozzo Manetti anx! Bessarion dedicfted to hiiu his translation
44
Of the Metaphysics . There were four copies of Bruni's Economics
Version in the Naples library of the kings of Aragon. Besides the
i^ one already mentioned (23.), there was the entire wert by -Brttni bound
Kr-*.'
in two Codices, the one containing the pref acejlDooks I snd II and
the other the commentaries on both books (177), one copy of the pre-
face and both books (176)
1 ^
and finally a copy of both books and
c>7^j in 1470,
the commentaries on it which Ferrante bought in Flöfence through
45
the banker Filippo Strozzi,a political exile from Florence
Jf '"©-i^
VW Kt
U
SA
l..., A
^-v— 'l *-'■. v'--^ V' t-c e*
V V t--- V- ■'..',• ' A--«--^
rante lollowed closelyL^tJae intell^ctiial orrrrent s of Florence^ höw
much attention he ^ave_,M..thi^ particular Aristotelian work and Bru-
ni*s Version is not know«,, But we ■hav.e--evi4ej^ic€- th^>t 5n the next
Century the &efea.larly ambassador ( to Venice\of Emperor Charles V,^
the Spanish statesman and humanist D.Diego Hurtado de Mendoza,care-
fully studied the version by Bruni. Don Diego over many years,inainly|
in the 1540* s built up an impressive collection of priroarily Greek
mss. while residing in Venice. In 1^73-74 he sold his collection
to the Emperor for his then new El Escorial palace. Amo-ig th,em 1s
a copy of Bruni*s version with marginal notes from Don Diego 's hand
(155); it is still in El Escorial besides two other copies of Bru-
_ 46
ni's iconoroics translation .
/ • y.
Three copies of^JSximi ' s version^ were •siixo in the oe-1-l^etion '
Federico da Montefeltro,Duke of ürbino,now in the Vatican library
(215,216,217); one e-epy"^containifig the entire annotated translation
was bound separately ,(217);T . Also three copies are traceable to
"■--. .-^^
the collection of the Farnese family,the dukes of Parma; these mss.
v^
,\" >
Tradition
- 27 -
48
(112, 113, 114) are now in the Biblioteca Nazionale at Naples
It is hard to imagine that the scholarly card.Alessandro Farnese,
the later Pope Paul III ( 1468-1549 ),with his passion for manuscripts
as pope
and huinanistic Aristotle studies - he pgtronized the -Tewish snholar
Jacob Mantino from Tortosa,his personal physician,and had him trans-
in 1539
late the Averroes paraphrase of Plato*s Republic - should not have
been acquainted with these copies of Briini's Economic s version. Some
other copies were in the collections of the higher Italian and
once
French nobility,but except for the one in the possession of the
/■"■■ ""■■•■■•■.,
French family Gerente (188) the others are recognizable as having
belonged to such owners j^23, 28, 141) only by the yet unidentified
coats of arms.
|- :!
The Renaissance Italian merchant princes had of course their
share of copies. In Piero de* Medici's library were two c.o^4es,sep-
arately bound,the celebrated di Mario ms* (69) ?^nd another with the
(7 iL
entire annotated version/, but in the later arrangement which became
so populär after the late 1430 's or the early 1440 's. The family
(^ery beautifulyiritten and richly adorned ;
library cpntained aTsö ä~%ins. of tue version with prefäöe (7^)^bound
together with Bruni*s Politics translation. A fourth ms. is particul-
• (63)
.j-~''-^
arly interesting; it is a copy of the preface^T^As a nile,we do not
r
I know whether the preface alone was copied on purpose or whether the
^extant ms. i f>'AA„''.4 ^ .
ris a f*«5ßieö4;-af^ a bnce complete or to be completed copy. Here we
V
4^'\.-
r-'-A,
do have ^ooc evidence p^ii^i^feing- towax^de^-^^f^e-iatention to have no more
of Bruni's work ^^^^^^'^^^Shan the preface. It is a neatly written
copy bound together with others in one of the Codices know,Ti as the
Collectiones Gosmianae . Bartblommeo Scala,a member of the Ficino
circle,collected some time between 1464 and 1469 documents honoring
Tradition
- 28 -
^
l^^-
the memory of the deceased Cosimo. Besides letters of sympathy upon
the death of Cosimo, the collection includes honorary decrees and po-
enis on Cosimo and ?5lso letters, poems and prefaces addressed to him.
The collection was dedicated to Lorenzo ^^ . Wealthy friends and bu-
siness associates of the Medicis,like them bankers and patrons of
the artsjor patrician f amilies in and outside Florence had,among
cöpies of Bruni's writings,also one of the Economics, Francesco Sas-
setti,a member of this well known Florence family of bankers and al-
and richly illuminated
so an associate of the Ficino circle,had an elegantly written copy
(66),bound together with the Ethics Version by Argyropulos and Bru-
ni's Isagogicon. In the collection of the Pucci family was a copy
(84),but it is not certain whether the codex containing it may not
have been acquired after the 15th Century. A Florentine,Bernerdus
de Puccinis,owned a copy (73) bound together v/ith Bruni's Ethics
Version. The Roman bankers Chigi,financiers of Pope Leo X and asso-
ciated with the Roman branch of the Medici bank in business ventures
now in the Vatican
had in their library a codex with three works by Bruni (206), one of
them the entire annotated Economics Version. A nicely written copy
(^i^S bound ■
of Bruni's version illuminated with Initials together with Bruni's
Ethics Version was in the possession of the Venetian patrician^ -
Loredan (144). We also know of a codex vjith Bruni's Aristotle ver-
sions sold through Filippo Strozzi in 1458 by a merchant in Siena;
50
his name was Tohan de Guinancon
Professional men of all kinds and rcnks - physicians, lawyers,
administrators - were important and significant partisans of the
humanistic movement. Some of them could afford to own handwritten
h.
■^■<.
books,but not a collection which would be handed down from genera-
Tradition
- 29 -
tion to the next. Ordinarily,their copies would be sold by their
heirs or they would donate them to a convent in the hope that their
good deed would be rewarded in the here-after. As splendid a copy
on parchment
as the ms . of the preface and book I ,penned by a professional
scribe and profusely illuminated by Initials, as the one v.Titten
in Milan in 1451,now an English collectors' item (20) could be owned|
only by Giovanni Amerino,the auditor of Francesco Sforza. A codex
containing a large number of Bruni's works,among them the version
of the Economics with the coinmentEry,written on paper, now in the
Bibliotheque Nationale (32) was sold by a Florentine notary ,Grisus,
for 5 papal ducats to another person and was finally in the posses-
sion of various persons in Ferrara,one of them a L.Gregorius Gyral-
dus. A collection of humanistic texts,among them a fragment of Bru-
ni's dedicatory epistle to Cosimo de* Medici,all written on paper
and bound in one volume,now in the Vatican library (202) ,belonged
at one time to Johannes Franciscus.annualis advocatus.at Venice.
It was a Bolognese physician,by nam.e of Gregorio Malisardi,who own-
ed and eventually gave to a father Canneti a volume containing the
Ethics and Economics versions by Bruni,the latter with the commen-
tary,both written on paper (125). Two Swiss copies of the annotated
Economics version,bot)r" written on paper, are particularly helpfml
^ f -" " in angwering cur question. The oider ö^te-' was p«jrt of ^ copy^ of tlj^e
( I ?
^
three Aristotle translations by Bruni *,penned in 1464, and bound
(-rerX
in one volume. It belonged to a magister Johann Gaudenhemer who
presented it to the Carmelite monastery on the Zurichberg. The entry
by a monk on the bottom of the first l«Äve,recording this gift,clo-
(182).
ses^ '■'Oretur pro eo". The later copy(^vms^bought in Basel for 1 fl.
by a Berchthold Kirsseman from Horw who was matriculated at the
Tradition
- 30 -
üniversity of Basel in 1471. Subsequently it was acquired by a
Ludwig Moser from Rheinfeld in Zürich, a "prothonptarius" and läter
a Carthusian monk who presented it to the Carthusian monastery at
Basel. The prior of the monastery recording that the codex was given
to the Carthusian monks by their brother ends " ... pro suisque ore-
51
tur in caritate" -^ .
Scholars of humanist orientation - favorites of the wealthy and
powerful patrons of the studia humanitatis - were of course each
others most attentive and appreciative audience • As already mention-
edjFicino owned his own copy of Bruni*s version (90). Angelo Polizi-
ano also possessed a copy (79) with his notes in the margins. Ttets
ce^y is now bound together with a copy of the Ethics version by Bru-
ni with corrections and notes, based on lectures by Poliziano in 1491
and 1492,added in the margins by an Augustinus Terriculus . Poli-
ziano lectured on the Ethics in the Florentine studio at that time
and had earlier authored a commentary on the Ethics under the title
*Panepistemon* which was first printed in c.l485 at Rome (Reichling
290). The trahslator öf Aristotelian works on moral philosophy,Gian-
nozzo Manetti, owned a parchment codex with Bruni*s translations of
(212) p
the Economics and Politics. Manetti ^dissatisfied with Bruni's trans-
lation of the Nicomacliean £-thlcs,no-t -eniy- rendered a new version of
this, work,.but also prep-ar-edr-htanmi±strirc -tran^-iatloiife of the Magna
Moralia and the Eudemian Ethlcß which he dedicated to king Alfonso
^•5 (198)
of Aragon ^-^^ Aj.,^Ä3?^i^trlarly interesting and early copy of the anno-
tated Bruni version, penned in 1425, w^s in the posession of the Greek
scribe N.Scyllacius who had bought it from the copyist. The Pisa
nobleman and classical scholar,Ser Piero Roncione,had in his collec-
Tradition
- 31 -
tion one copy of Bnini's translation with the prefäce and another
/ \ 54
ft opy of the commentary (97,121)
The social classes we have so far met as the public audience of
Bruni is what we would expect. But the "broad and fairly rapid die-
&€Hffi4iiatl<m of the first humanistic Version of the Economics is,to a
high degree,attributable to t-he-irU-ÄX^t-t- the clergy Xook.->.lxL^^t , Re-
gulär and lay clerics^f all ranks,tet mostly those in Italy,Spain
and later in German speaking countries,were intent on studying this
pseudo-Aristotelian work in its humanistic garb. In the 15th Century
the Economics was an integral part of Aristotelian moral philosophy
and helö a third place in this part of the curriculum in saecular" anc|
clerical institutions of higher learning. Furthermore,it must be
kept in mind that the higher ranking members of the clergy were
scholars and highly erudite members of the upper classes who pa- -
tronized the humanists and t^tey shared^ tiie literary tastes and pre-
ferences ^6^ their f amilies and friends. What appears,on first blush,
to. be ^ " ^ '■ ■■"■■■ ' •
fsomewhat surprising is that clerics should have had no qualms about
the author of this humanistic Version» In recent years experts on
scholasticism and partisans of this philosophical movement made much
of the controversy between Bruni and Alphonsus Burgensis,the bishop
ofCartagena, about the merits of the medieval Latin Ethics version
by Robert Grosseteste.' This feud, on the part of the def enders of
55
Grossteste aiparently carried on until the late 15th Century . It
easy that Bruni
is to show met v^ith as much resistance to the liberties he took in
his Ethics translation in the camp of humanists as in the opposite
camp. I have mentioned already Manetti who sought to avoid the pit-
falls of Bruni 's translation in a new version which,however,remain-
Tradition
- 32 -
ed unprinted and therefore could not rival as successfully v/ith the
illstarred venture of Brimi as the translation by Argyropulos which
the
was done on request bf Lorenzo de* Medici in response to humanistic
(./- humanistically oriented
criticism ^ . The attitude of the/ general public toward Bruni's
translation in comparison with the version by Argyropulos remained
evenly split between 1495 and 1535 when eventually the later human-
57
istic translation won out .As far as the clerics in the 15th Cen-
tury are concerned - if one can engage in any generalization - it
considered
seems that they,as much as the saecular scholars of humanistic orien-
a
tation,the celebrated "controversia Alphonsina" as Singular instance
which did not pre.judice their evaluation of other translations by
Bruni.
Among members of the highest and higher Catholic hierarchy
we find two popes who,not by accident,ovned copies of Bruni *s Econ-
omics Version. The one vas Nicholas V ( 1447-1451 ),hiinself a human-
ist Scholar with a passionate concern for the moral philosophy of
Aristotle and still better Latin versions of them than existed in
his time. It was on his behalf that Gregorio Tifernate rendered a
new translation of the Eudemian Ethics which Giannozzo Manetti h?d
translated before him. His intimate acquaintance with Bruni's Aris-
totle translation dated back to his younger years when he catalogued
the library of Cosimo de Medici • The copy of Bruni *s version
with the preface but without the commentary (192) is bound together -
the Ethics and Politics translations by Bruni, the Rhetorics trans-
lation by Georgius Trapezuntius and the versions by Gregorio Tifer-
nate of the Magna Moralia and Eudemian Ethics; this collection of
Aristotelian writings on moral philosophy is introduced by Bruni's
Tradition
- 33 -
Aristotle biography (Vita Aristotelis) . On the first leave of this
parchment codex is the papal coat of srms of Nicholas V . A eopy
richly illuminated parchment >^ n C
of the entire annotated Economics Version hound together with a theo-
logical treatise,was owned by Pope Clement VII, the former card.Giu-
lio de Medici; his papal coat of arms ornamrnts the first 3:e«Ve, The
codex is now in the Biblioteca Laurenziana
L [^ ^1
Between 1451 and 1453 while he was residing at Bressanone (Bri-
xen) , Card. Nicolaus Cusanus acquainted himself with Bruni*s Aristotle|
translations. There he acquired handwritten copies of the Pqlitics
an
and Economics version,the latter in füll and in Arrangement that
~ (48);
a f ew years earlier had become the Standard f orn^, "arid had his secre-
tary Peter- Eroke-lentz copy the Ethics Version, Card.Cussnus added
to the Politics Version his ovv'n glosses in the margins. The three
mss. were later bound together with othex humanistic writihgs, three
of them by Bruni, and this codex, with the coat of arms of Cusanus,
61
is now in his collection at Kues . In the Cathedral library of
Toledo there is a copy of Bruni 's version^written on parchment in
a fine humanistic script of the 15th Century, and bound together with|
other unrelated texts. The codex belonged,as the entry on the fly-
leave indicates,to card.Zelada . TheLhumanist scholar and collec-
tor of handwritten books at a time when the printed book was the
Order of the day,card«Domenico Grimani (d.l523). had in his large
collection probably two copies of the Bruni Version, one of the com-
i^.^ ^-- possibly • ,j)enned in 1494 ^-^.0
mentary (40) and tire' other now Tost (220); it was araong his books
he had left to the library of the S.Antonio convent J.n Venice which
perished in a fire in 1687. The extant copy of the coiriir]eniary,now
in Paris, bears the marks of a faithful copy of the text as penned
Tradition
- 34 -
sJ 6
by Antonio di Mario '^. The most notable ms. of Bruni*s Version from
the libraries of archbishops and bishops is the one in the Bibliote-
ca Ambrosiana (102). It belonged to Francesco i:'icco±passi,archbisiiop
Eruni a
of Mlan since 1435. Piccolpassi was life-long friend of Bruni; the
chancellor of Florence dedicated to him one of his earlier transla-
tions from the Greek>the version of the Demosthenes oration *Pro
Cte^iphonte* wfeieh dÄt^i^-tÄcS .:to-14OT. They were c?lso in frequent
correspondence as the Brimi Epistolariiim testifies and Bruni sent
him an extensive letter about the "controversia Alphonsina** via thei:
coiTirr.on friend Uberto Decembrio . The EconoiBicjs copy,incidentally,is
bound together with the controversial Ethics translation by Bruni
. A copy of the preface and book I of Bruni *s version/in a codex
containing a variety of humanistic texts was deposited in the Prlace
library of the bishops of Trent . Johannes Roth,-* bishop of
Wroclaw^ipossessed at the turn of the 16th Century a paper codex
e^fi^aining the Ethics version by Argyropulos and the Sconomics ver-
(222) ^ — Zy
sion by Bruni, both penned in Italy during the 15th Century. He ^a?€-
the codex
3«ft-ted as-a-^ft to a monastery in his dioecese "pro remedio ani-
me sue et suorum" and from there it took its way into the free mar-
6f> r
ket of collectors • We also know !7£ a copy of the entire work by
Bruni vÄost likely written in Germany before c.l477,vvhich belonged
to a canon^Paul Megk f4^) who gave it to the Dominican monastery
f)'7
at Regensburg . Cathedral libraries were favored repositories for
Codices containing, among other texts,the Bruni version of the Econ-
qmics. The library of the Florence cathedral possessed one such co-
with (78)
dex the Aristotle translations, among them the Economics,and some
^'^«•»^v.^^.,•»^^_
Plato versions by Bruni; the texts in this parchment volume were
elegantly written and the Initials of each book illuminated . The
Tradition
- 35 -
1
copy done for the collection of the cathedral at Constance (51) has
been mentioned already. V/ill still find copies in the libraries of
Spanish cathedrals, the one given to the Toledo cathedral wrs just
cited,but we have no Information as to when tbey v/ere deposited
there.
The part the regulär clergy played in disseminating Bruni's
Version can hardly be overrated, We do have a few data on copies
that were in oonvent libraries in the 15th Century, but v;e do not
know how many manuscripts circulating outside monasteries were
penned in their scriptoria. Many extant copies are written in a
Script pointing towards this origin and the explicits or brief
notes at the end of the text are forrnulated in a manner character-
istic of clerical scribes. This is not to imply that all copies
in monastic libraries were of modest ouality, Some v;ere mopt ela-
borate, written in fine humanist Script and ornamented with richly
colored initials (15,86,152) , but the majority conforms to the simp-
le style of their origin, The scanty informations on those copies
that belonged to convent libraries are indicative of the general
tendencies in the scholarship of the various Orders, familiär to
r
US from better documented observations. The relatively largest num-
bers of manuscripts of Bruni*s version were in the collections of
Dominican and Benedictine convents. One copy.fntJw in the üniversity
'v
Librsry of Bologna (:$:tO comes from. the Dominican convent in this
City and anothcr^-rröw in the Biblioteca Nacional in Madrid (.I6ii/
from the Dominican convent in Piacenzia. The University Library
of Barcelona received a copy (152) from the Dominicans in the same
(ff)
City and the Bayerische Staatsbibliothek took onerover from the
Dominican monastery of St.Blasius in Regensburg tö^ • The Dominican
Tradition
- 36 -
monastery at Vienna possessed before 1513 a codex of Aristotelian
writings,among them the Bruni Version of the Economics (218), but,
though the monastery still exists,the codex cannot be located. Next
to the five pieces in Dominican libraries there are another five
traceable to Benedictine abbeys. Two were in the library of the
Florence abbey; the one^which probably originated there, now in the
Florence Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale tfife) is contained in a codex
of Bruni 's Aristotle translations arranged according to the date
of their coinposition,and the othea^ffbrinerly in the Strozzi collec-
tion and now in the Laurenziana (^80:), is bound together with Bru-
ni 's Ethics Version. A copy in Holkham HfII (15) comes originally
from the Benedictine monastery at Piacenzia. The now dispolved Be-
nedictine monastery of Wiblingen in Southwest Germany is reported
to have owned a copy^ which must have been written in Basel before
1431 (S9^") while the Benedictine abbey at Ottobeuren in Bavaria
still possesses its copy (50) that was penned in the late 15th Cen-
tury. The two mss. in the Carthusian monastery at Basel (180,182)
and the one in the Carmelite monastery on Zurichberg (186) were
already mentioned.
r
(^ Saecular and regulär clerics in the second half of the 15th
Century dird~net^^Äe-&i^<efc^— to-4i&e Bruni 's version as a base for their
Bjconoiriios commentaries composed in the traditional scholastic
style. Commentaries on Aristotelian writings on moral philosophy,
compared with those on logic and natural philosophy,were at no time
numerous and those on the ßconomics very infrequent. The second
half of the 15th Century is no exception to this rule. Of the three
commentaries from this tiffiej-iÄ-^^Ffei^ Bruni 's version wa&..4isjeji..ÄS
Tradition
- 37 -
the t e x^ ytwo v/ere authored by clerics. In 1467 Guglielmo Bechi
(Guilelmus Becchius) ,bishop of Fiesole, completed his commentary
on Bruni's Version of the Economics after writing an ülthics com-
mentary (1465) and before preparlng one on the JPolltlcs (1476),
69
""■'^"'««.^1
both also based on the translations by Bruni . The commentaries
by Bechi remained unprinted. The first Economics commentary tesÄÄ
on Bruni*s version to appear in print was evidently the one by a
Dionysius de Burgo S.Sepulchri,published in c.1495 at Toulouse
(6W 2436) • In the following year the commentary on Bruni's Econ-
omig,3- Version by Pedro de Castrovol was printed at Pamplona (Hain-
Copinger 4654). Pedro de Castrovol (Fr. Petrus de Castrovole) who
was provincial of the Franciscan convents of Aragon in 1489-91
wrote,like Bechi, commentaries on the Ethics, Economics and Politics
and^used the translations by Bmni as his texts. He composed his
Economics commentary already in 1481 but it was printed only in
70
1496, together with his Politics commentary
Tradition
- 38 -
IV
One group of potential students of Bruni's Economics version
is practically missing in the list of 15th Century known scribes
and owners of its handwritten copies - scholars and teachers con-
nected with institutions of higher leaming where Axistotelian mor-
al philosophy was a subject of the curriculum. Courses exclusively
devot ed to the study of the Economics were rare while in courses
dealing with moral philosophy in general the Economics had its place
The various abbreviations,surveys (tabulae) ,compendia and particul-
arly the so-called auctoritates with summaries of chapters and para-
phrases of the salient passages from the various works by Aristotle
which were composed in the 14th and 15th centuries for the benefit
of students preparing for examinations and were first copied by hand
and then printed in the late 15th and early I6th centuries contained
invariably one page or more of quotations from or summaries of books
I and III (über secundus in the versions by Durand and Bruni) of
the Economics
71
• From this textbook literature we know that the
Economics was a part of the prescribed knowledge of Aristotelian
moral philosophy. The quotations also indicate that itself ,if it was
studiedfwas then read in the younger medieval Latin version by Du-
rand d'Auvergne. Scholars and university teachers resorted for more
intensive studies to the older medieval Latin translation of all
three books.
With occasional exceptions,the late scholastics of the 15th Cen-
tury ignored the version by Bruni and his commentary on it. One such
Tradition
-39 -
exception might have been the scribe who copied both books with the
commentaries in the marginSfOne of the oldest arrangements with a
medieval tinge in its appearance (e«g«26),but he left out the pre-
face and suprascribed the first book with the words "Differentie
Economice et Politice", the traditional title of scholastic commen-
taries on the first book (211) . Two other late copies of Bruni's
Version alone are indicative of another trend in academic circles«
It is quite symptomatic that the libraries of Tiniversities known for
Aristotle studies in the 15th and early I6th centuries like Paris,
Padua, Bologna and Ferrara have no copy of Bruni's Version from that
time. The University of Paris has now a copy already cited (42) which
was penned in 1486 for Odon CharMlier who taught at the College de
Laon« Some teachers on the staff of this College as of the celebrated
College de Cardinal Lemoine were sympathetic to hiunanistic studies
and therefore eager to get acquainted with the Aristotle translations
by Bruni which were not acceptable at the Sorbonne. In the late
1480 's and early 1490 's Jacques Lef^vre d'Etaples taught at the lat-
ter College Aristotelian moral philosophy from the Bruni texts which
he began editing for the press a few years later '^. By 1486 there
were of course printed editions already on the market, but it took
some time before they were sufficiently easy to reach. A much later
copy penned by a Konrad Schraude from Allenspach in 1507 at Freiburg
i.Br. (45) is now in the library of that university where humanistic
tendencies date back to the last quarter of the 15th Century and
where exactly at the time when Sbhraude copied the Bruni version,
perhaps from a printed edition,the humanists were in a very aggres^.
74
sive mood • »
Tradition
-40 -
JDuring the last decade of the 15th centxiry the school philoso-
phers in and outside of Italy came under the pressure of an erudit^
public with a humanistic literary taste in all areas including the
study of Aristotelian moral philosophy. In 1485 the Paduan professor
Nicoletto Vemia prepared the first printed edition of Latin versions
of the Aristotelian corpus then studied there. In fact,it was an edi-
tion of the Averroes commentaries on these writings as far as then
available. The Aristotle texts were the medieval translations; for
the Economics Nicoletto selected the earlier medieval version of the
three hooks
75
His edition was printed at Venice by the printer-
publishers Andreas Torresanus and Bartholomaeus de Blavis in three
folio tomes and issued in two different typographical arrangements
(GW 2337 and 2338). This impressive and luxurious parchment edition
was not reprinted. When his disciple Agostino Nifo in 1495 prepared
a new edition of the Averroes commentaries with the texts of the Aris-
totelian writingsythese texts were humanistic Latin translations* In
the second part of the second tome, printed on April 26,1496 by the
brothers de Gregoriis for the publisher Octavianus Scotus (GW 2340),
the Economics appeared in the version by Bruni and,since there is
no Averroes commentary on the Economics, with the commentary by Bani-
ni. What might have induced the editor and publisher to make this
change was the fact that six years earlier the Venice printer-pub-
lisher Bemardinus Stagninus had put on the market with obvious suc-
cess a collection of Aristotelian works in humanistic translations
(GW 2339). In the same year in which the printers finished their
part in Nifo*s edition the de Gregoriis brothers began printing for
the publisher Benedictus Fontana another collection of Aristotelian
Tradition
- 40 -
prepared the first printed edition of all Latin versions of the
Aristotelian corpus then studied there. In fact,it was an edition
of the Averroes commentaries on these writings as far as then avail|
able. The Aristotle texts were the medieval translations; for the
Economics he selected the earlier medieval version of the three
books . His edition was printed at Venice by the printer-rpublish-]
ers Andreas Torresanus & Bartholomaeus de Blavis in three folio
r •
tomes tet in two different typographical arrangements (GW 2337 and
2338). This impressive and liixurious parchment edition was not re-
in 1495
printed. When his disciple Agostino Nifo ^frepäired a new edition
of the Averroes commentaries with the Aristotelian t«*tSt these
texts were hiimanistic Latin trsuislations . In the second part of the|
second tome, printed bn April 26,1496 by the brothers de Gregoriis
for the publisher Octavianus Scotus (GW 2340), the Economics appear-
/ f~^-\,^^^._^
■ -"Vi;.' ■ '-
ed in the version by Bruni and,since there is no Economics commftn-
t«ry-J^_A»e^2^ro«€,with the coromentary by Bruni. What might have in*
make
duced the editor and publisher to this change was the fact that
Bernardinus Stagninus
six years earlier the Venice printer-publisher /Ead put on the mar-
( >■.■> i'i
>, '...V-*-
ket a collection of Aristotelian works in humanistic translations
(GW 2339) »»€^«^at in. the same year in whleh Nifo^s: ediiioil wjis ^
tJu6 1*4- / F '"
i|$8»32!^: ftt . Gragorii» .brdth«x^f^fR Jl^lSi^^fa« piibli B«ne-
^.v ^.iv:*v,.'^ -/ ^s. Ccoinplet,e(|.'!ön Tuly 13,1496 .„.^ ..„..,.„., ^
dictus i'ontana änother collectiöii öf Aat^stoteiianr^^ 2341);
■^^j *-^'U..t^ i> K
in -wh4«* Briml • 8 -EtJünromies ve^ «ppeared without the c^pimen-
tary. The tide had turned.
At the commencement of the same decade,in 1491>the Cologne
printer-publisher Heinrich Quentell brought out the Economics in
(GW 2431)
the translation by Durand with a schblastic commentary by Johannes
Tradition
- 40 a -
texts in humanistic versions (GW 2341) in which the Economics ap-
peared in the translation "by Bruni but without the commentary. The
tide had turne d.
At the commencement of the same decade,in c. 1491, the Cologne
printer-publisher Heinrich Quentell brought out the Economics in th<
translation by Durand (GW 2431) with a scholastic commentary by
Johannes
Tradition
- 41 -
*T- ■■■
r-
VersortÄ magister of the Sorbonne and a scholar of Thomistic orien-
76
tation . This edition was reprinted once,probably in 1495 (GW
2432). No other scholastic commentary based on a medieval Economics
Version is known froxn that time« In the first^^decade^of the 16 th
Century two scholastic conmentaries were printed,both based on the
Bruni Version. The one is from the pen of the Scottish scholar
William (Gilbertus) Crab,a professor at the College de Bourgogne
in Paris. His Economics coiranentary,published at an unknown data by
Jean Petit at Paris, was apparently based on the edition of the
Bruni version by Jacques Lefevre who added to the two books (I and
III) translated by Bruni an anonymous hiuDanistic version of the
genuine book II. Grab composed his commentary in the Nominalist
tradition with which he identified himself in an edition of the
Ethics Quaestiones by John Buridan and Martin Lemaistre and in his
Ethics commentary from a later date. This combination of a scholast-
ic commentary with a humanistic Aristotle text was an Innovation,
though not an extreme procedure,for an Arisl^otle commentator in
77
Paris in the early 16th Century . A similar compromise was ef-
fected by Virgilius Wellendorfer,a ma#^ister of theology and philo-
sophy of the university of Leipzig and a teacher of both subjects
there. The orientation of the arts faculty at the Leipzig univer-
sity was Thomistic until the humanistic reform of 1519- The highly
sts|lized Economics commentary by Wellendorf er on Bruni 's version
was patterned af ter the Aristotle commentaries by Walter Burley;
it was written in form of conclusions reached in the treatment of
78
each passage of the Aristotelian text . These two commentaries
are sample s of the last minüte attempt on the part of
published at Leipzig in 1511
Tradition
- 42 -
scholastic scholars to come to terms with the onrushing humanistic
movement in the first two decades of the I6th Century j an attempt
hbwever which ^ailed to save this philosophical tradition from its
*
doom«
These facts about the struggle between humanistic and schol-
astic orientation in the studies of Aristotelian moral philosophy
between 1490 and 1520 have to be kept in mind if we want to Wider-
stand the signiflcanee of fXve haizidvrltten cobiea of the Bnml v«r«
(149)
ision, stemming from this period. One copy penned in 1518 by Christ- -
opher Kos2Ucki,a nobleman from Poznan (Poland) ,consists only of
the two books in the translation by Bruni; on the pages containing
the text of book I we find between the lines gldsses and in the
79
margins antinidentified commentary . Another copy^now in the lib-^
rary of the üniversity of Wroclaw (150),has only book II,accompani-
ed by an unidentified commentary in the margins, probably written
in the late 15th Century Also from the late 15th Century is a
r ,
ms« in a probably German hand,nov; in the; Benedict ine Abbey of Otto-
, (50)
beuren (Bavaria)i the text of the two books translated by Bruni is
broken up into passages r e s emb- 1 4Rg-»-<^feef4»ys end each passage is
followed by an unidentified commentary. The arrangeÄent of thirs cop
mentary is very much like that jtt-the^-oftnuiiftntiiry by William Grab;
t^ style e^^P^^^thfiL^ n mmfi.13. t axy reminds^of late scholastie commentary
literature« The most elaborate late scholastic commentary, in style,
arrnngement and content resembling the
(w<;i
ry by Virgilius Wel-
lendorf er, is contained in a manuscript from possibly 1515, now be-
longing to the library of the Hamburg univ«|rsity f:te) ; the Bruni
Version of both books of the Economics serves merely as a text and
l'i
Tradition
- 43 -
L v^.^'^
is also broken up into lengthy passages which are not yet charact-
erized as chapters as in the edition by Lefevre . A somewhat puaz«
ling piece is a ms« in the library of the Polish Academy of Seien**
ces at Krakow (±4*); it was written ÜK« the other texts in this
codex in 1505 by a Polish humanist Bernard from Lublin,a disciple
of the Italian humanist Filippo Buonaccorsi di S • Gemignano • Most
of the texts are writings by Ficino and Latin ver 8 Ions of works by^
Plato. The ms« tl^at interests me »epreseßts excerpts from the two
books of the Ecgnomics in the version by Briini« The scribe did not
indicate why he ö4rä irt» I should venture the guess that he might
have waated~-to-i^i:^«re--«r"te3tt for that kind of text book literature
known as auctoritates. As I mention«4 previously,the quotations
from and paraphrases of the Economics text in the auctoritates of
that time came from the medieval Latin version by Durand. Perhaps,
what Bernard has had in mind was a humanistic variant of the aucto-
ritates. What makes me believe so is the fact that,contrary to the
preferences of a humanist, he deleted all sentences of a purely li-
terary nature in-t fae Ec o no mic s like references to poetry and even
historical examples and concentrated on such matters of Arlstoteli«
an doctrine i; ;"h as the most desirable kind of acouiring property
n
^^c
to which the scholasticslpaid/^their^ attention/ '*^. The five cited
manuscripts
are therefore not the ordinary faithful copies of the Bruni text
but adaptation^^ of it to scholastic literature.
This was certainly the opposite of what Bruni had intended.
As long as academicians could afford to ignore the humanistic Ver-
sion of the Economics - and Bruni 's was the only one available un-
til 1540 - they did so and thus neither his translation nor his
Tradition
- 44 -
-.ii^
The desire of late scholastics to provide their own commentary
to Bruni's Version was perfectly anders tandal^le. In the preface and|
In the annotations to his Economics translation Bruni avoided -on
piirpcÄe to come to grips with some of the bssic issues th£t the
authors of these pseudo-Aristotelian treatises posed to their scholj
astic Interpreters. He informed his readers in the subtitle of his
Version and also in the prefece that the Economics - he was refer-
ring to book I only but it would apply to both books - deals with
this part of the practical philosophy of Aristotle that has come
to be known by its Latin name as the "res familiaris**'i *What exactly|
formulating
the subject matter of this science is beyond precepts how to in-
crease the wealth of the social iinit "family" he did not further
investigate nor did he go deeper into the difference between this
discipline and the two others,one being the "res publica" and the
other what the leter Peripatetica and also Scholnstics called '
"Ethics". In regard- to the last one he carefully slighted over its
scholastic denomination as "res monastica" and merely characteriz-
it
ed as a science concerned with precepts regulating cur moral beha-
vior.JHe also failed to take a stand on the theories developed by
the authors of the two treatises on the nature of govemment which
constitutes the basic difference between the two sciences of the
"res publica." and the "res familiaris", the one being the science
the other |pf ,
of the largest social unit,the polity (civitas) ,and the smaller
Unit, the family or household (domus). According to the author of
the first book of the Economics - most probably an early Peripa-
85
tetic ^ - the form of "govemment" in a family is a dcsireble one-
man rule whereas the polity is governed by meny men. Implicitly
ref erring to book I of the Politics,this theris on the difference
Tradition
- 45 -
between a family and a polity would mean that what,according to
Arif totle,would be an ideal governinent for the polity - i.e. a mon-
archy - if it were practically possible,is,according to the autnor
Ol Düüic I Ol the Economics,tne iactual govemment in the family.
Aristotle found that the polities in his own time were administered
not by monarchs or aristocrats - whose rule he considered as desir-
able as,unfortunately,unattainable - but,in the best of circymstan-
ces,by a good citiaenry which he classified as a govemment of the
multitude or of "the many** . The author of book I of the Economics
presumes such govemment **by the many** as the prevailing one withr
out further specifying v/hether it is of the "normal" (polity) or
of the "corrupted" ( democracy) type. The author of book III of the
Economics (über secundus of Bruni) - most probably a later Peri-
patetic "-in discussing the administration or "govemment" of the
household shif t^ the emphasis toward the wif e of the paterf amilias
and assigns to her,although her husband still lays down the law eve]|
in such matters as to whom she may admit to her "realm",a much grea
ter importance and significance as the author of book I has done.
i-'v i
ifC\
Topics of this sort were of course welcome subjects for
scholastic disputations and commentaries. Bruni discourseti in his
commentary on some^aspects of these problems with rel'erence to
Cicero who for the scholastics commentators too was the great autho
rity on these. matters, but he shun$ disputes about the nature of the
respective sciences on the res publica and res familiaris. He con-
fined himself to a discussion of govemment by paraphrasing book I
of the Polities and presuming,without further questioning,that the
author of book I of the Economics had in mind a "polity", a desirab-
Tradition
- 46 .
le form of a government by the multitucle,and its elected end ap-
oc.
i..'
pointed magistrates as administrators- As to the sciences,he silentj
ly accept^Jthe schola' tic triad of ethica,politica or res publica
and oeconomica or res familiaris and,not quite persistent with what
he has said about the wealth as being conduoive to the practice of
virtue and its acquisition in honest and honorable wayr,,assignJ tht|
reflection on moral conduct to the science of Ethics alone.
Tradition
- 46 -
about the wealth that is conducive to the practica of virtue and
its acguisitlon iß höikest and honorable ways,confines the reflectioi
on moral conduct to the science of Ethics Hlcne« Bruni's mod4#ioa-
tion. of theicfepli&atic trlad of practical philosophy seems to hrve
widely ^^iß^Jater generations ^
been accepted by humanistsr^^scan" Be seenf^öm tH6 Ovation ^-O^^
^ artes) --
Good Asrts (Oratio^ in bona«, by Bartolommeo della Fönte »a professor
of poetry and oratory at the üniversity of Florence,which he deliv-
ered in 1484 there and in which he di t ooi i r s c xUoa the essence of
moral philosophy. For him as for Bruni^moral philosophy consists
entirely in action and is in its ^^evided in ?hree parts, 'ptrson-
al' ( 'propria' ) philosophy instructs man himself and teaches the
xnoralB of man in the best manner. Domestic philosophy disposes of
the home and family. Civil philosophy moderates and rules the city*
If a reader of Bruni's Economics Version and even of his com-
mmentary sought further guidance on the issues raised by the author
Cin^the tfe^-nklng oX hiW3^ßi$ts
of thls spurious Aristotelian work he t^öuldinot necessarily have
Zi^li-^^ ^v-r'K^,!^.^ ' .y and more help-
to turn to scholastic commentarifes. Thef e ÄXl^ better/ancient aütKö-
ful i^'H
rrities like Cicero and Seneca whom e.g. Enea Silvio Piccolomini
A
expressly recommend$ ß^ to a friend as useful complement&tion to
the Economics (and Ethics) of Aristotle • . In a good nnmber of
Codices where Bruni's version was bound together with texts relat-
ing to the sub.ject of the Economics we find indeed texts of these
two authors ^, But the science of the' res familiaris,looked npon
as a branch of moral philosophy and seen in its totalityi presented,
u^»..-! .<**-..«*, Ijf^'f oy-f*
u"
.just as the Aristotelian Ethics, from the very beginning of its
reception in the West in the 13th Century a dilemme. As the schol-
astic philosophers never tired to stress and as the Protestant hum-
Tradition
- 47 -
^ \
V2 ,^
anists of the 16th Century emphasized in the prefaces to and sijm-
maries of their Vef siöh~s""QJL::iii« E£or^^ was the work of a pa-
gan author and therefore def icient In the 'Aye« ofnÄ4Chtiit±an rem-
der aware of the spiritual aspects in the äff airs pertinent to the
res familiaris. For those desirous of acquainting themselves with
I traditionally and falsely
these aspects there existed a treatise^äscribed to St»Bernard,the
in
Epistola de cura rei familiaris ad Raymtindtun . It was already
being read,together with the Aristotelian Economics in the trans-
lation by Durand, in the 14th Century ^'" and it served the same
purpose for some readers of Bruni's Version in the 15th Century.
From the jnany Codices in which we find the epistle by St.Bernard
next to the Economics translation by Bruni I cite three examples
selected at random (49, 140,142) • Two codice»,the one once owned
by a canon in Regensburg and eventually donated by him to the Do-
minican monastery and the other from the library of the bishops
of Trent,happer^d to belong to clerics but the third one in the
Biblioteca Nazionale Marciana might have circulated among non-
clerics . JTo attentive readers it is quite obvious tbat the li-
ber secundus of Bruni *s Version deals with only a segment of th»
res familiaris, the relation between the head of the house and his
spouse, a topic not quite unrelated to book I and to the first book|
of Aristotle's Politics but further away^frofla the genuine writing
in soBQ^ r c sp e o t s fi i te 3rary>
by Aristotle and closer .^b another/tlradition exeiplified by Xeno-
phon's Oeconomicus . This literature on marriage enjoyed consider-
able popularity with humanists and their erudite public in the
, ^ , De re uxor ia
15th Century. One of the best known works in this f 161d Was w^rit-
ten by Francesco Barbaro and as befits a man of Aristotelian orien-l
/
tetion he was Consulting the Ethic? and Politics in forming his
Tradition
- 48 -
9%
own opinions on this subject " • Thus,we should not be surprised
to find the treatise "by Barbaro next to the Economics in the trans-
lation by Brirni. I take two samples from many of its kind but not
at random« Both will show us that these two works were - • t bound
not
together in Codices by accident. The one sample is the cod.lat,
11 138 of the Bibliothfeque Nationale. The texts in this paper co-
dex were penned in 1471 by a Bartholomaeus Cersolus who noted at
the end of the De re lixoria (f .47) that he has completed his copy
on iLlay 31 1 1471. On the leaves following the treatise by Barbaro
(^^) volume
we find the Bruni Version of the Economics. In another *^^v con-
sisting of parchment and paper leaves with different texts,now cod
XIV E 26 of the Biblioteca Nazionale Vittorio Emanuele III at Nap-
les, the two books of the Economics translation by Bruni withöut
the preface (115) are preceded by a copy of the Barbaro treatise
titled "Precepta yconomica ex libro suo Li»e .Barbaro 's] de re uxo-
91.
ria breviter tracta". . Thus,the work by Barbaro was claimed by
one so ^^^: ®^re?ccupied ., the liber secundus for the literature
on Economics.
With his translation from the Greek of the liber primus and
his humanistic adaptation of the medieval Latin text of the liber
secundus, with his preface and his commentarles, Bruni has made a
significant contribution to the study of that one part of Aristo-
telian moral philosophy called the Economics. But has he also häd
a share in the development of that science which bears this name
today and
since the end of the 16th Century ? In reviewing the public that
was reading and owning copies of his Economics version and also
the context within which it was studied we may find a Suggestion
to the answer,if not the definite answer yet . Long before the mo-
Tradition
- 49 -
c/;
T_-^vA
dem science that professes to concern itself with the study of
the material welfare of society came into existence,that is,S0Be
i )tui>,-»VK /■*■' >i*V
time before the middle of the I6th century/when this science shaped
to
üp' and f ihally aäopfeff a mlsleading those ac quaint ed
with the history of sciences^lssnes appropriate to this science in
the modern sense like the formation of prices,the velue of money
and its fXucuatlonsi the specialiiatlon of labor and the trade at-
tendent to it, were studied with remarkable ingenuity and surpris-
ingly fine results by the Scholastics ^"^ . Not to a small extent
did they receive. Stimulation to consider such problems and also
some valuable inf ormations and guidance in, deliberations from the
writings by Aristotie,most of all from book V of the Ethics,book
I of the Politics and also from passages in the Rhetorics. The
Economics yielded hardly any re-sui*« for speculation in the fields
just mentioned, The work of the Scholastics did not ceese to in-
fluence the development of the new science until the beginning of
V>,. „ ,;.- I v,.<. ■' , .-.» , . -,', ,, .
the 19th Century «Ithmrgh-tiiey had little part in the shaping of
Economics as an autonomous science rat her~tis€m äs--&^4Mra»ciL.iif. moral
philosophy.^What brought about the formation of such science, never
entirely devoid of its scholastic roots in its roethodology,was
the great social and ideological change that occurred in the i5th
*>iv-.-^ '■i-.^"'^:-'^
il
and 16th centuries/ It underm'ined the feudalistic structure of
Uüropeaüi
society and made its institutions,including its economic Organiza-
tion, a subject for questioning and scientific investigation. With
in the shape of an expansive commercial capitalism and a quest for
an individualistic and antitraditionalist form of acquisition. r"
the field open for methodical inquiry such revolutionary develop-
ments in the late 15th and during the I6th centuries as the open-
Tradition
- 50 -
v„-^A ^■■
1 .^. ••..'•
-. »-J
/
ing of new trade routes,the commercial exploitation of the discov-
eries of continents^the novel methods of financing it and the shak-
ing effect of the gold influx from the western hemisphere on pri-
ces and incomes provided data and observations for the iiinds of
men involved in these affairs and skilled Xe grasp fechnicalities
inaccessible to mere observers of thls bustling scene. Bankers and
busine ssinen,administrators and jurists were the pathbreakerc in the
development of that new science. Since facts do not speak but have
to become objects of analysis to take on meaning,a scientific frame
of reference was in demand. The men of affairs so eager fer under*
standtng- the ever more rapid occurrences were of course also erudi-
te men acquainted with the intellectual currents of their days.
They were familiär with an entire spectrum of philosophical specu-
lations that might provide that frame of reference they were search
ing for« There were new sciences in formation but also philösophi-
cal traditions,among them Aristotelianism and Platonism aa4 ihe
moral and social doctrines' - rooted in these philosophical Sys-
tems, and they became comerstones in that new theoretical edifice
known as Mercantilism. Thus,in an age where learning and eduöation"
was decisively molded by humanism,we find in the writings of these
erudite practitioners references to classical literature and philo-|
sophy.ji Aristotelian moral philosophy was as well represented as
Piatonic social philosophy; Plato's "Republic" but much more so
'*,o-t - .-
his *Laws" ,were cönsulted on a number of issues. Xenophon became
better
now known not only for his Oeconomicus but more so for his Revenues
of Athens. From the anbient literature on Economics the writings
on agriculture by Varro^,ahd Co lume IIa, never forgotten in the Middle
Ages,took on a new actuality and from the Aristotelian corpus mora-
K.'^^.-w-J-.c uXk l.'t'^/' ^ '■* '-., /■-W-A.-i^..k'^"l'-
Tradition
- 51 -
le the Politics became more interesting than the Ethics and among
the thre« books of the Iconömics book. Ilyignoted by Durand and Bru-
ni,met with intensive interest on the part of writers who were con-
cerned with the revenues of governments that needed financial re-
rources on a scale unheard of before*
V
In this kaleidoscopic picture there' hardly secmed to be much
of a place for the two books of the Economics wM-oh -ftr 25Ö"years
A dominated the study of a science. wfeioh had little more than ä naine
in common with the neiv science of Political Economy that shaped up
at the middle of the I6th centary in France. If we think of the
topics treated in the two books translated by Bruni,this is perfect-
. ^ ly true. But this Impression is not quite as valid if we consider
the complexity of the Situation. How could these men of affairs,
"v-
the political philosophers, administrators,bankers and businessmen,
r,
— tu.^
,- ?r-
■*
.»-«1
A
l
i^
?
?
1
I
i
i
j
S
f-'
iy
1
>■
who conceived of xhat new science which theycallid the •Political
""' have
Econömy" ever thought of their investigations and speculations as
a scientific undertaking had they not known that there existed in-
deed a science that was concerned with acquisition ? Academicians
and theologians who were^ t^aehing moral philosophy were perfectly
avare of that science and reasoned as much about the public and
financial affairs of the new social and governmental structures as
!/'»{*
-• <. . ^'^ '•
the practitiqners» Molina and Suarez may stand as examples fpr the
activities and influence of thinkers^ with an academic as well as ^
theologi&n background. But in most aareas* the prestige and the in-
fluence of the non-academic and non-rtheologian spoke.^men of the
new science happened to be greater. These were the men for whom
Bruni had interpreted both works by Aristotle,the Politics and the
Economics and most of all the Economic? dedicated to a man who
Tradition
- 52 -
knew how to acguire wealjth and to put it to ßpod use. Cosimo de*
Medici,one of the architects pf ^comme^eial capitalism,was pätt ©f
that much greater public thet f^l\ addressed by Bruni and did not
appealing-'-" ^^i>C, ^ f.- . ^v • *- '
fail to accept his .interpretation^ for i ^ f or guidance
in their thinklng aboutrwe^ilth though not bf individuals but of
nation8<
-~^s
N..
I
<r'
/.;
/
■%.,
t^^.
;^w">.5
knew how to acquire wealth and to put it to good use. Cosimo de*
Medici,one of the architects of modern commercial capitalism,was
theret'ore only one part of thr.t much greeter public that feit ad-
dressed by Bruni and did not fail to be attracted to his appealing
Interpretation. This public audience was reading the Economics pri-
marily for getting acquainted with th* "little bock" by Aristotle
and only on second thought f ound there some guidence in its re-
flections on the formation and disposition of wealth, though not of
individuals but of nations.
Tradition
- 51 -
( 'S
ed to belong to clerics but the third one,in the Biblioteca Nazio-
91
nale Marciana,might have circulated among non-clerics .
To attentive readers it is quite obvious that the über seoundus
of Bnmi*s Economic s version deals with only one segment of the "res]
familiaris**,the relation between the head of the household and his
spouse. This topic is of course not unrelated to book I of the Econ -
omics and also to book I of the Politlcs but it is further away
from the genuine writing by Aristotle and closer in some respects
to another literary tradition in the same area exemplified by Xeno-
phon's Oeconomicus « It is a literature on marriage so populär with
humanists and their erudite public in the 15th Century. One of the
best known works on this subject, De re uxoria ^was written by Fran-
cesco Barbaro;. as, befits a man of Aristotelian orientation,he
was Consulting the Ethics and Politics in forming his own opinions
92
on this matter . Thus,we should not be surprised to find the trea-
tise by Barbaro next to the Economics version by Bruni. I take two
sampl(^s from various of its kind,but not at random. Both will show
US that these two writings viere bound together in Codices not by ac-
cident. The one sample is the cod.lat.ll 138 of the Bibliotheque Na-
tionale. The texts in this paper codex were penned in 1471 by a
Bartholomaeus Cersolus who noted at the end of the De re uxoria
(f .47) that he completed his copy of the Barbaro treatise on May 31,|
1471* In the leaves following the work by Barbaro we find the Bruni
Version of the Economics (38); In another volume with diff^rent
texts written on parchment and paper leaves, now cod. XIV E 26 of the
Biblioteca Nazionale Vittorio Emanuele III at Naples,the two books
of the Economics translation by Bruni without the'preface (115) are
TTradition
- 52 -
preceded by a copy of the Barbaro treatise titled "Precepta ycono-
r 1 9^
mica ex libro suo Li»e. Barbaro 's J de re uxoria breviter tracta" •^.
With his translation from the Greek of the liber primus and his
humanistic adaptation of the medieval Lrtin text of the liber sectm-
dus of the pseudo-Ari?totelian Economlc8 ,with his preface and his
coininentaries,Bruni has made a significant contribution to the study
of this branch of Aristotelian moral philosophy* He did not influ-
enae its study It the universities es long as it was conducted
■ by "scholastic scholars,nor had he intended to do that,but he affect-
ed the teaching of the Economics in secondary classicel schools,
saecular and clerical alike,in Italy^Spain, France and Germany by
the end of the 15th Century. The most immediate objective of his ef-
forts-to acquaint tjjie patrons of the arts and sciences,the nöbility
and the wealthy businessmen, the profe-s«ion?ls and the educated men
in all walks of life with this work on practicel philosophy-he ac-
complished with greater success than he could possibly have antici-
pated. To the scholars dedicated to the studia humanitatis he set
an example for a new approach to the thoughts of "the philosophers"
and to their partisans among the laymen and clerics he presented
an old classic in a new and most attractive garb. Those disinclined
to resort to the guidance of commentGries,including the ones by
Bruni himself ,resorted to other texts on the same subject by ancient]
clarsics, medieval clerics and contemporary hutianists to gain per-
spective.and to complement the reflections of the Greek sage.j^Thus
*-r~ helped to modify the study of Economics as a part of mbfal philo-|
sophy but, did not open up a path to that science which was to bear
the name of "Political Economy*» and which shapedp-j^ i^ • " .
Tradition
- 53 -
the middle of the I6th Century in France. Many fundamental changes
in the socio-economic structure of the nations leading in the I6th
Century were required and new intellectual currents had to mold the
minds of those reflective practitioners who were laying the founda-
tions of that autonomous science on the wealth of governments and
nations. Yet in the phil'osöphical fündament of this science there
is recognizable a contribution from the pseudo-Aristotelian Econ -
omic s . It would most probably not be there had these practitioners
not become acquainted through their humrnistic education with this
so widely
pseudo-Aristotelian work ,known until 1540 exclusively in the Ver-
sion by Bruni.
Tradition
- ^/ -
M •
. . ■» '
'i;,
IV
One group of potentlal students of Brunl's Economlcs verslon
is practically miseing In the list of 15th Century known scribea
and owners of its handwrltten coplet - scholars and teacher® con-
nected with institutiona of higher leamlng where Axiatotelian mor-
al philoaophy was a aubject of the curriculum, Couraes exclusively
devoted to the study of the JKcon omioa were rare while in couraes
deaXing with moral philosophy in general the Koonom ics had ita place«
Ihe variou3 abbreviationS|5urveya (tahuIae}»oompendia and particul«-
arly the so-called auctoritates with suinmaries of chapters and para-
phraaes of the salient passages from the various v^orks by Ariatotle^
v#h4-ah we^re composed in the^ Mth-fitfid 15th eenturie» for the benefit
of students preparing for examinations and we g?» fixal oopiad by hand
and than print^4;d in t^ Xate 13th and «arly X6th oenturi^s contained
invariably one page or more of quotations frosi or sußimaries of books
I and IIX ( l iber »ocundu» in the versione ^ iDurand and Bruni) of
71
the Econqmics . Broa this textbook literature we know that the
Economica was a part of the prescribed knowledge of «Aristotelian j^-,,.
VivC
r-t'^'H K;.^,-*-"
moral philosophy, iThe quotations also indioate that it ge lf liT-yit/lffaa
studiedyWfta t b #n read in the younger medieval Latin Version by Du«»
rand d'Auvergne. Scholars and university teachers resorted for more
intensive studies to the older medieval Latin translation of all
three books.
^ith occasional exceptions,the late scheinst ics of the 15 th cen-*
tury ignorod the Version by Brrmi and his coBifir.entary on it. One such
Tradition
- 54 -
APPENDIX II
No bibliographer can claim that his compilation is complete,but
I do hope that the following listing of extant mss. comprises at
least the bulk of the handwritten copies of Bruni's annotated Latin
Version of the pseudo-Aristotelian Economics preserved in known col-
lections« Listed are also a few copies considered to be lost - al-
though this is a tentative assertion - or are reported to have cir-
culated in the recent past but could not be located. Further search-
es should turn up some more items either in not~"easiiy accessible
collections or among the new acquisitions by libraries as has happen-
ed with the itein,ROw in the possession of The Newberry Library Otöj)
which appeared on the market while I was at work on this bibliogra-
Phy
ßj.-
V«
, ^' -'V-v^'V s,-?!,,/»- , tv-*-*'''«. (i<^/\^L'>v■U^■l *T|«'\*K ■'U'^VvC -w^ |'-«r<u-l;?W i^'^^^A^'£-'^\\"^' iM..^,l^i ■)( ('^»^f-i.
( ti^-Ty^ U-s/^-e-. I...... ,^/^^..,i % V u^4. it44. ; 'U— k:>
(( AAn,^-
Nor is my
bibliography of
the handwritten copies of the Economic s version by Bruni without pre-
cendence although none was undertaken ^.that aimed at thesame compre-
hensiveness as the present. Giovanni Maria Mazzuchelli was probably
the first bibliographer to conceive of such task in connection with
his review of all writings by Bruni . He limited, however, his effort
to Italian libraries ^singling out those at Brescia,Florence,MilahV
Venice and .Vati can ödrty.^The 24 items cited by him are still to~be
■f *
found in the places where he saw them, Angelo Maria Bandini acclaim-
es .
ed the Mazzuchelli list a most diligent review of the handwritten
years the Mazzuchelli work
remained the main source of bibliographical references to all writ-
copies of this w©i4?15y/Brünl . For 165
Tradition
- 55 -
L Y li^
ings of Bruni,including the Economics version. A large number of
manuscripts in addition to those mentioned by Mazzuchelli became
known in that period through catalogues of collections and also
through monographs on Codices containing the Bmni version but
they were not incorporated into a more extensive bibliography. In
1928 Hans Baron expanded on the Mazzuchelli work while compiling
a new bibliography of the writing^ by Bruni arranged in the chron-
ological Order of their dates of composition . In his search for
handwritten copies of works by Jmni that would offer keys as to
the date of their origin ,he described in some detail 9 copies of
the Economics version missing in the Mazzuchelli list,besides add-
ing further informations on two ross, cited by Mazzuchelli. Except
for one manuscript in the Deutsche Staatsbibliothek in Berlin, the
copies inspected by Baron were in Italian libraries at Florence and
Rome and also in the Vatican Library. Following up the bibliograph-
ical aspects of the Baron study, Ludwig Bertalot drew attention to
four manuscripts in Spain,three now in the Biblioteca Nacional at
Madrid and one in the Biblioteca Universitaria at Salamanca,thus
broadening the geographical area of bibliographical research on
^^^ Economics version . Father Lacombe and his collaborators pro-
vided in their inventary of medieval Latin translation of works by
Aristotle the description of another ms. of the Economics version
in the Biblioteca Nacional and also corrected the Bandini descrip-
5
tion of ms. in the Biblioteca Laurenziana .The greatest merit of
these recent additions to the Mazzuchelli li^t [consists in the
fact that they are items not described in catalogues and thus in-
accessible to a researcher depending exclusively on this important
but inadequate source of bibliographical informe tion.
Tradition
- 56 -
Cn
"* i
Had I relied on printed or otherwise published inventaries of
mss. collections,such as microfilmed handwritten catalogues or in-
dex Cards, my bibliography would have comprised only about 40^ of
the items listed below. It was my good fortxme that Professor Kri-
steller made available to me in 1957 the typescript of the then com-
pleted part of his monumental Iter Italicuin ! A Findin^ List of Ün -
catalogued or Incompletely Catalogued Hiimanistic Manuscripts of the
Renaissance in Italian and other Libraries« The first volume of
his work will be published in the near future in London (Warburg
Institute) and Leiden (E.J.Brill). From 1957 to 1962 he furnished
me with additions to this material,primarily from countries in Cen-
tral and Eastern Europe,that are impossible to ascertain from print-
ed sources and have to be located on the spot. It is from this
source that I derived data on the remaining 60^ of the mss. listed
below. For • his help and his continuous and most patiently tendered
advise at every stage of my work I owe Professor Kristeller more
than can be expressed in the strengest words of grateful acknowledg-
ment. The study of his Iter Italicum also revealed to me,as it will
to others,an inevitable shortcoming of catalogues,save for a few of
recent vintage or some of the old classics like Bandini *s catalogue
of the Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana, Their authors often fall to
enumerate what they consider minor items or to identify texts; no
one will blame them for the latter deficiency in view of the immen-
se variety of the texts they have to cope with. Professor/Kristel-
1er therefore inspected Codices in inventarized collections if they
seemed to be inadequately described and thereby found items that
would otherwise escape the reader. There is a limit to this recheck-
ing,too,and the bibliographer familiär with his text will encounter
Tradition
- 57 -
lv>f<^
it in a detailed description of the content s of a codex as I experi'
enced with cod. 389 in the Biblioteca Universitaria at Valencia .
But the most serious gap in secondary source material is the absen-
ce of informations on unlisted items in even large and well known
collections. To my advantage,the Iter yielded a good number of such
copies.
From the outset I planned to include in this bibliography infor-
mations about Üie' parts of the annotated Economlcs version by Bruni
contained in each copy anticipating that this detail would shed
some light on the complex tradition of the text.,Not included in
my bibliography are data on the composition and history of indivi-
dual Codices which ^I reported whenever the discussion of the textu-
al tradition and diffusion of the manuscripts called for s ^ch in -
fo^rmation. In ascertaining details on the copies of the Bruni t ext
and on the Codices I received generous help from many sides. The
American Council of Learned Societies lent me financial support for|
procuring microfilms of copies that reguired closer study. Extensi-
ve descriptions of many copies or mere verification of the texts
as described in printed sources and valuable data on the Codices
were furnished by librarians and scholars in an admirable spirit
of helpfulness. My special thanks are due to Dr.Max Burckhardt
(Basel), Dr.W.O.Hassal (Holkham Hall and Bodleian Library) , Dr. R. W.
Hunt (Bodleian Library) and Rev.Dr.Tos^^ Lopez de Toro (Biblioteca
Nacional, Madrid) for providing me with detailed descriptions of
items in their collections, to Doc.Dr.Marian Pelczar (Gdansk) for
establishing for me contacts outside his library, to Monsignor
Jos^ Ruysschaert (Scriptor at the Vatican Library ) whose magnanim-
Tradition
- 58 -
ous help exceeded by far what I was entitled to expect, to Dott.
Irma Merolle Tondi (Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana) who assisted
me generously in so many different and unexpected waus so as to as-
sure correctness in my bibliography, and Mlle.Jeanne Vielliard (In-
stitut des Recherches et d'Histoire des Textes, Paris) who aided my
work with her personal initiative and the assistance of her resource]
following
ful staff . I also feel indebted to the , ^. librarians and scholars
who answered my inquiries to an extent beyond the call of dutyt
Dott.Ugo Baroncelli (Brescia), .••.
APPENDIX II
No bibliographer can claim that his compilatlon is complete,but
do
I hope that the following listing of extant mss. comprises at least
the "bulk of the handwritten copies of Bruni's annotat ed Economics
Version . availAhle in known collections. Listed are also a few copies
which are considered to be lost,although this is a tentative asser-
tion,or have circulated in the recent past^but could not be located.
I--«h^^ä:liär-iiot be -Äiirprised ta deteet in further searches some more
items either in extant collections not »e easily accessible or among
the new acquisitions by ma.jor collections as has happened in— the
the
CÄse--^f-'4-3ae-iiea,now in. possession of the Newberry Library (187), that
5, .-^^ ■) V-'
5in,now ir
appeared on the market while I was at work on this bibliography
Nor is my attempt at a comprehensive bibliography without preced-
ence .. Giovanni Maria Mazzuchelli (Gli scrittori d*Italia,vol.II. (Bres
cia, 1763), p. 2207, no. 108) was probably the first one to undertake this
, .' -V "^ ßingling out those
task/He oenÄ-wd his effort ,4iowever,to Italian libraries - w a"^: Bres-
c 1 a , 'V*!]. ■G.« ../»'v •.^, .. r
Florence, Milan, Venice and Vatican City and cited 24 mss,4e^po&ited stil|
in the same places tMv.u w* ; . Angelo Maria Bandini ;(Catalogus codi-
cum latinorum Bibliothecae Mediceae LaurentianEe,vol.III (Florence,
1774),170|acclaimed it a most diligent review of the handwritten
•>
copies of Bruni*s work. For 165 years Mazzuchelli 's list remained the
main source of bibliographical reference "to all writings of Bruni,in-
c luding , o-f -cour se yhifi Economics version* Various manuscripts not men-
:Tn "Ühä t p e r io d
tioned by Mazzuchelli becäme known^; - *v through catalogues of col-|
lections and also throiigh monographic studies of Codices containing
copies of Bruni*^ Version, but they were not incorporated in a more
extensive bibliography. In 1928 Hans BsTOn maae-....a-. signifief?n-t contri-
bution in- this üirection while working on a chronology of Bruni's
Appendix II
- 2 -
7
1/
humanistic-philosophical writings. In his search for mänuscripts of
> . * • *
works by Bruni that would offer keys as to the date of thöir origin
he described in some detail 9 copies of the Economics Version mißsing
in Mazzuchelli's listing,besides adding details on two mss. cited by
Mafrz^ttchel-ii . Except for one manuscript belonging to the Deutsche Staati
bibliothek in Berlin, the copies inspected by Baron were in libraries
in Italy (Florence and Rome) and in Vatican City ./(Leonardo Bruni Are-
tino,pp. 228-2 37)7. Following up the bibliographical aspect of Baron *s
contribution, Ludwig Bertalot drew attention to four mss. in Spain,thre<
in the Biblioteca Nacional in Madrid and one in the Biblioteca Univer-
sitaria in Salamanca,thus broadening the area of bibliographical stu-
dies (*Zur Bibliographie der Uebersetzungen des Leonardus Brunus Are-
tinus.* Quellen und Forschungen aus Italienischen Archiven und Biblio-
•^-v' t-...- .<!'t,„k.3 ,^,flrv^ provided
theken. Vol. 27 (Rome, 1936) ,186) i Father George' La comb e^ the de-
scription of another ms. of Bruni *s Economics version in the Biblio-
teca Nacional in his compxehensiyg bibliogxapliy of medieval Latin
translation of worKs by Aristotle Ü Aristoteles Latinus. Part II (Rome,
1955) ,p. 838, no. 1203; he also corrected the description by Bandini of
Version '"
a ms. of Bruni 's .In the Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana^cf .p.912,
no.l319)« The greatest merit of the recent additions to Mazzuchelli's
i-nvento^ry consists in the fact that they are items not listed
in catalogues and thus inaccessible to bibliographers who v;ould
exclusively . but inadequate
depend on this important source of bibliographical information.
whiehr-the~bibl:i^g-röpher"-hÄS"^±-rs*t^-tra-r Had I depended on print-
ed or otherivise published inventaries of mss. collections,such as
microfilmed handwritten Ixs^tin^s or index cards, my bibliography would
have comprised about only 40^ of the items listed below. It was my
Appendix II
- 3 -
^ V ■ ■• r t
) : ■ -■
good fortune that Professor Kristeller made available" tö me the type-
then completed part and subsequent additions to
Script of the of his monumental finding list of mss. »pertjnent to Re-
naissance scholarship; the first volume of his work,titled Iter Itali-
cum, will soon appear in print and serve other schol&rs,among them
bibliographers, as well as it did me . It is from this source that I
derived data on the remaining 60^ of the mss. listed below. For this
help and his continuously and most pstiently tendered advice at every
stage of my work I owe him more than mere words of gr^'.tefulness, The
study of his Iter also revealed to me,as it will to others, an irievi-
table shorteoming of catalogues,save for a fev/ of recent vintage.or
some of the old classics' like Bandini *s catalogue of the Biblioteca
Medicea Laurenziana. Their authors oftenfail to enumerate what ' they-
consider minor items or to identify texts and no one will blame them
for the latter deficiency in viev/ of the immense varity of the texts
they hcve to cope with. Professor Kristeller therefore inspected Co-
dices in inventarized collections if they seemed to be inadequately
described and thereby detected items that would otherv/ise escape the
reader, There is a limit to this rechecking,too,and the careful Stu-
dent of catalogues will encounter texts in another way. One of the
f inest copies of Bruni's Economics Version is part of cod. 389 in the
Biblioteca Universitaria at Valencia (176); it comes from the library
of the kings of Aragon at Naples. It hap been described by Mazzatinti,
Gutierrez and De Marinis as a ms. of the Latin version by Bruni of
Aristotle*s Politics.and for good measure the ending words of the copyl
were cited. They proved to be the closing sentence from book II of the
Economics. But the most serious gap iA secondary source material is
the absence of any Information on unlistfd items in leading äs'weli
as in little known smaller collections. To my advantage^the Iter yiel-
Appendix II
- 4 -
ded a considereble number of such copies.
In ascertaining data on Codices and details of the texts I receiv-|
ed generous help from many sides. The American Council of Learned So-
cieties lent me financial support for the procurement of microfilms
however
of the texts. Descriptions of many texts and Codices were furnished
"by librarians and scholars in an admirable spirit of helpfrlness. :i^
:■*.'..".- '• .. J.r tr':-.':.^-:- . *■- . My special thanks are due to Dr. Max
Burckhardt (Basel), Dr.W.O.Hassal (Holkham Hall and Bodleian Library)
. - Dr.R.W.Hunt (Bodleian Library) and Rev.Dr.Jos^ Lopez de Toro (Bi-
lioteca Nacional, Madrid) for providing me with extensive descriptions
of items in their collections,to Doc.Dr.Marian Pelczar (Gdansk) for
establishing contacts outside his own library, to Monsignor Jos^ Ruys-|
schaert (Scriptor at the Vatican Library) whose magnaminous help ««*
ceeded by far what I was entitled to expect
ij-v&3.r:rf^;.;^,to. Dott.Irma Merolle Tondi (Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana)
generously
who assisted me in so many different and unexpected v;ays so as to as-
sure correctness in my bibliography,8iid Mlle. Jeanne Vielliard (In-
stitut de Recherches et d'Histoire des Textes, Paris) who aided my ' -
work V7ith personal initiative and the assistance of her resourceful
staff . I also feel indebted to the many librarians and scholars who
an
answered my inquiries to extent exceeding tha call of duty: Dr. Hans
Baron (The Newberry Library), Dott.Ügo Baroncelli (Brescia), Prof.M,
Bersano Begey (Torino), Prof. Alberto Broglio (Rovigo), Dr.Butzmann
(V/olfenbüttel), Dott.Attilio Carosi (Biblioteca Provinciale, Viterbo ) ,
Prof .Adolfe Getto (Trento), Sig. Valentine Chiocchetti (Rovereto), Dott|
Domenico Corsi (Archivio di State, Lucca) , Dott. Giuseppe Cortesi
(Ravenna), Prof .Don Ireneo Daniele (Biblioteca del Seirdnario Vesco-
vile,Padova), Dr. Charles J.Ermatinger (Vatican Microfilm Library,
Saint Louis) ,itDott.Pierrina Fontana (Biblioteca Casanatense) , Dott.
(^Ürs. Irena Fabieni-Madeyske (Gdansk).
Appendix II
- 5 -
r>
Marta Friggeri (Biblioteca Governativa,Lucca) , Dott.Gino Garosi (Si-
ena), Dott^Alterto Giraldi (Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale, Florence) ,
Dr. Hermann M.Goldbrtmner (Deutsches Historisches Institut,Rome) , Dott.
Guerriera Guerrieri (Naples), Dr. Hennig (Universitaetsbibliothek,Frei-|
bürg i.Br.), Dr. W. Ho ermann (Bayerische Staatsbibliothek), Dr.H.Horn-
\xns (üniversitaetsbibliothek, Tübingen) , Dr. Wolfgang Irtenkauf (Würt-
tembergische Landesbibliothek), Dr. Kern (Badische Landesbibliothek),
Pater Aegidius jColb,OSB (Beniktinerabtei Ottobeuren), Dr. Hans Luel-
fing (Deutsche Staatsbibliothek), Dott.Berta Maracchi (Biblioteca
Riccardiana), Rev. Prof .Florencio Marcos (Salamanca), Dott.Lucilla Ma-
riani (Biblioteca Angelica), Dott. Olga Marinelli (Perugia), Dr.Fran-
cois Masai (Bibliotheque Royale de Belgique), Dott.Ubaldo Meroni (Man-|
tova), Signora E.Ravalli Modoni (Biblioteca Nazionale Marciana), Dott.,
Biaga Mosulli (Biblioteca Angelica), Dr. Manfred Müller (Württembergi-
Rche Landesbibliothek) , Mr.Wallace Nethery (University of Southern
California Library, Los Angeles), Rev. Canon & Prof .Dr. Joseph Nowacki
(Poznan), Dott.Angelo Paredi (Biblioteca Ambrosiana) , Mr.H.V.Pink
(University Library, Cambridge ), Dott. Olga Pinto (Rome), Dr.Reginald
(Stiftsbibliothek Melk ), Mr .A.B. Scott (Bodieian Libraary), Dott.Gio.
vanni Simonato (Palermo), Dr.R.C.Smail (Sidney Sussex College, Cambrid-|
ge),Signorina Bianca Toschi ( Ar e z zo ) ,DDr. Franz Unterkircher (Oester-
reichische Natiönalbibliothek) , Mr. Vladimir Zavodsky (Prague-Strahov)
and the librarians of the üniversiteit sbibliothek, Leiden, the Biblio-
teca Estense,Modena,the Biblioteca Palatina, Parma, the Biblioteca
Comunale,Treviso^ and the Biblioteka Uniwersytecka,Wroclaw. Mr.Kenneth
Freyer and Mrs.Ruth Oakley of the Queens College Library deserve my
wärmest acknowledgment of their help so freely given.
Appendix II
- 6 -
geographical
The bibliography thus worked out shows a distribution of hand-
written copies of Briini's annotated Latin Version of the pseudo-Aris-
totelian Economics somewhat different from the one during the Renais-
-( . •»
sance,if the yeär 1600 is accepted as the arbitrary final date of:;&'.-
Renaissance Hiimanism. The cold and by no means definitive figures * . -^
of extafit mss. located in the various coiintries as compared with
the figures for the tiine before 1600, set in parentheses,are as fol-
lows:
Austria
Belgium
Czechoslovakia
England & Scotland
France
Germany
Holland
Hungary
Italy
Poland
Portugal
Spain
Switzerland
USA
ÜSSR
Vatican City
6
(2)
2
(i;
2
(1)
18
15
(3)
10
(6)
1
2
90
(89)
4
(4)
1
(1)
27
(25)
7
(7)
3
1
27
(?)
The figures for the present distribution are tentative to the
extent that the bibliography cannot considered as definitive as I
wished it to be. Those for the Renaissance are tentative because
Appendix II
- 7 -
the history of many mss. cannot be traced far enough to determine
the date at which they changed their owners in different countries
or crossed geographical borderlines. This is particularly true of
so immense a library composed of tliverse collections with a varying
histöJry as the Vatican Library. The bulk of copies with our text
comes certainly from Italy and was certainly there before 1600. In
turn, the niimber of copies which were in Italian hands before 1600 was
considerably higher and probably in the neighborhood of 150. Italy,
of
Spain and Vatican City are now the now the main depositories for mss«
in the Renaissance
our text as they were « The two largest recipients of Italian
mss. are England and France. English aristoractic collectors from
the Counts of Arundel down to Sir Phillips were combing the markets
from the early 17th to the 19th Century
for Italian Renaissance mss. in competition with the Prench Royal col-
lectors and courtiers like Colbert. In both countries as also in Hol-
land some of the choicest pieces were acquired by less celebrated col-
lectors. How the Royal House of the Habsburgs came irito the possession
of the 3 mss. is still mnknown. The copies in Czechoslovakia,Hungary
and in the Soviet Union were late 18th and early 19th Century collect-
copy each Germany
or items. One in Belgium and the United States came from aristocra-
tic collectors in England and France, while others in France, Spain and
the United States were recently acquired through the ordinary trade
Channels. There is evidence that copies are in the hsnds of unknown
private collectors and in the market - another source for the incom-
pleteness of any bibliogr?^phy.
OECONOIÄICA MSS* - INDEX
A. Preface
63, 87 (frag.), 136, 142, 185, 202 (frag.)
B. Preface, book I
2, 3, 5, 20, 24, 61, 140, 141, 187, (223)
C. Preface, book I,resuine of book II
36
D. Preface, books I and II
Niiinerals in ( ) indicate mss. lost or not located
Numerals In [ ] indicate that the ms.,if completed,would belong
in this category; the ms. is listed elsewhere in its
present form
Oeconomica Mss. - Index
- 2 -
E. Books I and II .
(1) Without commentary
43, 90, 113, 115, 173, 196, 205
(2) With unidentified commentary
149
(3) Interspersed in unidentified commentary
46, 50
F. Book II
150 [with unidentified commentaryj
Gr. Books I and II, commentary on "book I
166 (frag.at the end of commentary; followed by vacant leaves
which were prepared for continuation of commentary)
H. Books I and II,commentaries on both books
146 (frag.; preface probably missing); 178, (218 ?)
See also (1)
I. Preface, book I, commentary on book I
9, 18, 38, 53, 62, 96, 99, 114, 204 (frag.)
K. Preface, books I and II, commentary on book I
(1) In the above order; title of commentary: commentariolus
21, 203
(2) Commentary on book I; Preface, books I and II
102 (24 leaves between commentary and text)
L. Preface, book I,book II, commentary on book II
68 (vacant page after book I); see also (1).
Oeconomica Mss», Index - 3 *
M* Preface,book I,coimnentary on book I,coirjDentary on book II
126 (leaves with imrelated text between the commentaries) ;
see also N (1) .
N. Preface,book I,coinmentary on book I,book II,coimnentary on book II
(1) Coimrientary following each book separately
35, 65 (frag.), 69, 81, [126], 154 (frag.), 198
(2) Commentary in the margins next to the text of each book
26, XO-9, 195, 211
0. Preface,book I and II, commentaries on both books
(1) In the above order
7, 8, 12, 17, 22, 23 (frag.), 27, 28, 30, 32, 33, 34, 44,
48, 49, 55, 56, 60, [68], 70, 71, 74, 82 (frag.), 83, 86,
103, 106, 108, 109, 110, 111, 123, 124, 127, 130, 135, 137,
139, 145, [146], 161, 162, xxi, tx^, 165, 169, 170, 171,
177, 180, 181, 182, 184, 186, 188, l90, ixx, 199, 206, 209,
210, 213, 214, 216, 217, (219 ?)
(2) Commentaries on both books; Preface, books I and II
31, 57, 64, 91, 118
P. Commentaries on both books
25, 40, 121 (frag.)
Q. Excerpts from books I and II
148
R. ünknown composition of text
(220)
OECOHOMICA MSS. • INDEX
A« Preface
65, 87 (frag.)f 136, 142, 185, 202 (frag»)
B* Preface,book X
2, 3, 5, 20, 24, 61, 140, 141, 187, (223)
C. Prefaoe,book I,re8UJEe of book II
36
D» Prefac0,books I and II
(1) In the above order
1, 4, 6, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16, 19, 29, 37, 39, 41, 42,
45, 47, 51, 52, 54, 58, 59, 66, 67, 72, 75, 75, 76, 77,
78, 79, 80, 84, 85, 88, 89, 92, 93, 94, 95, 97, 98 (frag.)
100 , 101, 104, 105, 107, 112, 116, 117, 119, 120, 122, 125,
128, 129, 131, 132, 135 (frag.), 138, 142, 143, 144, 147,
151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160 (frag.),
163,164,167, 168, 172, 174, 175, 176, 179, 183, 189, 192, 193, 194
197, 200, 201, 207, 208, 212, 215, (221), (222).
(2) Books I and II,prefaoe
191
Huznerals in ( ) indioate maa. lost or not located
Numerals in [ ] indioate that the m8.,if oompleted,would belong
in this oategory; the iqs. ia lieted elsewhere in Its
präsent form
Oaoonomloa Mas» «• Index
*. 2 -
£• Books X and II
(1) Without cöinmentary
43, 90, 115, 115, 175, 196, 205
(2) Wlth unidentifled commentary
149
(5) Interapersed in unidentifled coasaentary
46, 50
F. Book II
150 [wlth Tznidentifled coinmentaryj
G, Books I and II,co2JBientary on book I
166 (frag.at the end of oonacentary; followed by vaoant leavea
which were prepared for continuation of commentary)
H» Books I and II,coßaBentarie8 on both books
146 (frag*; prefaoe probably missing); 178, (218 ?)
see also (1)
!• Prefaoe, book I,oomi&entary on book I
9, 18, 58, 55, 62, 96, 99, 114, 204 (frag.)
ü:# Prefaoe, books I and II,co2öiaentary on book I
(1) In the above order; title of oonnöentaryt cotßiBentariolus
21, 205
(2) CoHanentary on book I; Prefaoe, books I and II
102 (24 leaves between conaaentary and text)
I. Prefaoe, book I,book II, commentary on book II
68 (vaoant pagc after book 1)* see also (1)#
Oeoonomlca l8a«tXnd«x *► 5 **
M* Preface^boolc I,eoHjmentary on book I , coirsicentary on book II
126 (l«ave» with tuirelated t«xt between the ooBiBjeixtaries)}
see also U (1) «
N, Prefaoöpbook I^cocanentary on book I^book II,coE3irentaxy on book II
(1) Coßiffientary followlng «ach book «aparatöly
35, 65 (fra«.)f 69, 81, [126], 154 (fr^*), 198
(2) Coim&ntoxy In the marglns next to the text of each book
26, 109, 195, 211
0. Prefaoe,book I and II,eo2J»ientarle» on both booke
(1) In the above order
7, 8, 12, 17, 22, 23 (frag.), 27, 28, 30, 32, 33, 34, f4,
48, 49, 55, 56, 60, [68], 70, 71, 74, 82 (frag.), 83, 86,
103, 106, 108, 109, 110, 111, 123, 124, 127, 130, 135, 137,
139, 145, [146], 161, 162, l y l^^ 165, 169, 170, 171,
177, 180, 181, 182, 184, 186, 188, 190, l :^ 199, 206, 209,
210, 215, 214, 216, 217, (219 ?)
(2) Gommentariea on both books| Pref aoe,book8 I and II
31, 57, 64, 91, 118
P. CoüRmentaries on both booka
25, 40, 121 (frag.)
Q« Excerpts from booka I and II
148
.n..^.*.^,..^.^ i•V,r^*-,.-4 -^,,,. "fi-,^.
H. Unknown aQxap0alti0ii of text
(220)
Bum^mn aib tmimäimmu m m^rnfm) mmvn ÄiriotAtiB
— y<«ivip-y n i m m Biif timtmmtmr^m
Introöuction
!• TransiBisslon of the Tdxt
11 Statistical Comparisons of Manuscript Biffusions
in the Renaissance
III. The Circulation of MSS. of Bnmi's Sconomica Version
aiaong Various Social Croups
IV. The Attitüde of üniversity Teachers; Scholastic Com-
mentaries vs« Humanistic Anthologies
Conclusion
Appendijr I The Coiaposition of Baruni 's Annotated
Eofinomioa Version
Appendix II Bihliography of the Sxtant Manuscripts
Appendix III Manuscript© and Barly Prlnted Books
Desoribed or Koted in the Text and
Footnotes
Tradition ^ ITotir«
«» X **'
Introduotion
1
fhe preaönt hihliogtaq^hnt wa» ptBp&3te(L In eonn^otlon with a plan*»
ned annot&t«d ll«t of tha handirrittan a<^pla» and prlnttd aditianaj
of Latin tranalatlon» of tha Eoon0»la» for tha projeat entitlad
y^<|jLa<?tY^ ^4 >fa^i^tffgn9f jU^;^^ yyi^Xatiofis fm<l Cffwifan^ayffff
(Catalogus tranalationum at Caxßaantürionm) •
2
So e«i;« lUO«Coxa in hl» dasoription of tha ts^m oaa«19 101 LM$*
Caiion#Lat«Miiic« 225Jtf •69v^73L &t the BodXaian Ubraxy (24) oon«»
tainlng the preface ajoicl booJk I onl;jr* Oatalojgl codiot^fe »anuscr^i? *-
^orvm gihllotheaag Boölaianag ^ III (1654),ool»eo4* Al»o £*Sar-
cluccl In hi« a«8orlptioii of ms. ood»254 iC#3«15Jff •44v«41vi 63v-
65 of tha Bibllotcoa An^^liea (126) in hl» eatalogua of thls ool-
1,3
lection (note .^)fXM*»135*
i?axt I
2
a*LaooBh^ m Goop«ratlon wlth A«Birk«ns:aje7»l£*X)uIoni; ^md E«
f ranoa^chinl ,^lato^elft^,„ M^ipnj > X (Bona,X939)t75-77^
%^n Ba^^r^ifig 9f th^ Ca^ltrcxjoff tft > Cambridge, Me»« •tW55,pp.X66-
X72*
i;»;^ardnoGif CataXogufl oo^laua »anuscrlitorxjup praeter irraocoo at
orientaXag In BibXlotheoa Anjigllca oll» Coenobll Sanotj Auguatl '
Tradition - Notes
n± de ürbe « I (Roine,1893)t424»
- 2 -
^
I found this manuscript in the typescript of Professor P.O.Kria-
teller*s Iter Italioim , Dott.ssa Guerriera Guerrieri,dir©ctor of
the Biblioteoa Hazionale at Naples,provided me kindly with a mi-
crofilm of the ms. and a desoription of the parchment oodex which
at one time belonged to the Fameee collection»
A.Beltrami, 'Index codicum claseioomm latinonun qui in byhliothe*»
ca Queriniana Brixiensis adservantur*, Studi Italiani di yilolo «'
gia Classica, XIV (1906),49fno#15. Dott» TJgo Baroncelli, director
of the Bihlioteca Civica Queriniana,was good enough to fumish me
with a microfilm of the ms. and to add some valuable information
ahout the codex and the scribe to the desoription by Beltrami«
The ffiiscellaneous ms. is described in great detail by Ludwig
Bertalot, 'Uno zibaldone poetico tunanisticho del Quattrocento a
Praga', La Bibliofilia . 26 (Florence, 1925 ),59-*66, 134-144, esp.
65-66 ♦ Mr» Vladimir Zavodsky of the Strahov library (Pamatnik
narodniho piseicnictvi,Strahov5ka knihovna) made kindly a mioro-^
film of the copy of Bruni's Soonoinics Version available to me*
L.Delisle,'Inventaire des manuscrits conserves 'k la BibliothSque
Imperiale sous les Nos. 8823-11505 du fonds latin*, Biblioth&que
de l*£cole des Chartes . vol«24 (1863)f221. Mlle, Jeanne Vielliard,
director of the Institut de Reoherche et d*Histoire des Textes t
——»——»—«—««»»»«— «—«»»I i n II iiiiiiii «1 I m I !■ I ■ — »IM«»»»»— «» '
provided me generously with a detalled desoription of this codex«
Tradition - Notes
• 5 -
31
10
IJ
1?
Blbllotheca Unlversltatls Leidensls * Codices manusorlptl » Vol»
IV (hy T.P.Sevensma, 1946), 71-72. The llbrerlans of the Bit)llo-'
theek der Rljksunlveraltelt Leiden helped me in studylng this
ms« through a loan of a iniorofilni of It and through searching
for all available data on the history of this codex*
G.Benellii 'Cenno storloo delle R.Biblioteca dl Mantova* « Giornale
delle Blblloteche tlll (1869),31,no«110# Prof •Kristeller verlfled
the text and Dott.Uhaldo Keronl,director of the Blblloteoa Comu-
nale at Mantova, ^applied me klndly with a descrlptlon and a par-
tial microfilffi of the codex«
In my paper on 'The Genesis and Tradition of Leonardo Bruni's
Annotated Latin Version of the (PseudO'»)Aristotelian Economios *«
Scrlptorluffi ,XII«2 (December, 1958), 260-^268 in which I reviewed
the hypothesls of Baron on the two stage genesis of the Brunl
Version and supplied some ms« evldence In support of hls thesis,
I llsted flve samples (2,3,5,61,223) of this variant of ••one
book" copies,thus confuslng the genuine coples of the first Seg-
ment of Brunl 's oomposition,contalnlng the preface,book I and
the coaimentary on lt,wlth this group of coples«
G»Wamer, Descrlptlve Catalofoie of Illmninated Manusorlpts in
the Library of C«W,Dyson Perrins ,I (Oxford, 1920), 164-165, II
(ibid.), 67 with plate.
O.Vielhaber and G«Indra, CatalCit^s codicmn Flagenslug tCpl«) manu-
Tradition - Noten
4» 4 **
13
14
15
16
sorlptonaift (ULn«, 1918), 249; on Johann«» von Rabenstaln of« Bach«
mann In Alljgemelno Betttsch« BlOgraphla ,vol«27 (I»«ipasls,1888)|95-
y^^^^ft oodlcuffi man^^crlffty^tim pr^ator graeeoa ot orlentalas In
Blhllothoca Palatlna Vlndobonenal , II (Vienna,1868),284*-287? DDr*
Franz TJntarlclreherpdlreotor of tha manuaorlpt dlvlalon of tha
Oeaterrelchlsoha Natlonalblbllothektwas klnd enoixgh to glvo ma
Important Information on the history of the codex and of tha
Eoonomlos copy and to draw my attention to the Interestlng note
at the end of the ms«
I owe the detalled dasorlptlon of the codex and of the Eeononilof
copy to Dr.Hans Baron^the bibliographer of The Hewberry Library,
who In thls and other ways demonstrated hls Intereat In my re^
eearch on the Brunl Version #
L.Fratl, 'Indloe del codicl latinl oonaervati nella R.Blblloteca
üniveraltaria dl Bologna^ Studl Xtallanl dl Fllologla Classlca j
vol. 17 (1909) ♦ 114, no •1512 j Prof ♦L#Klclcels Inapocted for me the
text In that llbr&ry and klndly polnted out sonne peotiliaritles
of It aa oompared wlth other texts of the Brunl verslon In the
aame oolleotlon«
H^Baron (ed>), Leonardo Brunl Aretlno . Huiaanlstlsoh«"Phllosophlache
3chrlften » Mit einer Chronologie seiner Werke und Briefe. Leipzig.
vice-prefetto/
1928^ .228-229. Monslgnor Jo»4 Ruyaachaert,. •, /of üiie Vatl-
for
can Library, desoribed a me »est generously thl» ms. as so many
others In the Vatlcan Library and by copylng the entlre note at
Tradition - Hotes
- 5 -
11
16
19
2Q
the end of the ms« enabled me to imderstand the history of this
important early copy of Bruni*s Version.
F#Madan,H.H»E«Cra8ter and N^Denholm^^Young^ A Smmnary Catalogu«
of Western Manuscripts in the Bodleian Library at Oxford •••9
V (1905) f 623» Dr.R«W»Hiint,keeper of the Western manuscripts of
the Bodleian Library |jöade kindly a microfilm of the copy avail*»
able to me«
This printed edltion,oompleted on Febiruary l,15U8,niay be found
in the British Musetim; one copy is listed in the OesamtkatalOK
der Deutschen Bibliotheken (DK 6#6883) and a copy each is in the
Columbia TTniversity Libraary and in the Library of the üniversity
of Pennsylvania (Rileytno*136)# It is a fair copy of a text re-
sembllng the one penned by loannes de Manasseis« Besides this
edition,there are about half a dozen prints which,in fact,are
printed editions of manuscripts. Among them is the first known \
print of the Baruni Version without the commentary^done by Johann
Mentelin at Strasbourg and completed before April 10,1469 (GW
2367) fand the first print of the verslon with the commentaryt
put out in c»1470 by Christophorus Valdarfer at Venice (GW 2435)
H.Baron, ibid., 2 52 deacribes this codex; the Sconomios text was
kindly verified by Dott.ssa Olga Pinto, director of the Centro
Nazlonale di Informassioni Bibliografiche at the Biblioteca Nasio«
nale Centrale at Home«
A« Campana, •Giannozzo Manetti,Ciriaco e l'arco di Traiana ad An-^
cona'. Italia medioevale e umanistica .ll (1959), 490-491 holda thai
l!raditlon «^ Notes
- 6 -
2}
the texts invtfiis möi . wer« written between 1436 and 1442* X
recelved detalled desoriptions of the codex from Prof» Krlstel-
1er and of the KoonopJc» oopy from Monsi^or Rtgreschaert « Ott
the erroneous title ef« BarOBylbid*fP«185*
L* Bertalot|*Zur Bibliographie der Üebereetsungen des Leonardua
Brtmuo Aretlnus*, Quellen uad ypraohttnicen aue italienische!^
Archiven und Bibliotheken t vol. 27 (1937) »186. Rev^Dr.J^Lopea
de Toroysubdireotor of the Biblioteca Necional at Madridykindl/
verifled the content of the goonoaiic^ copy.
Part II
Joeephine »atere Bennett, The Redisoovery of Sir John Mande ^
ville ♦ New York, 1954 »p. 219. The handwritten oopies are lieted
and briefly described in Appendix I (pp«265-334). Contrary to
recent hypotheees ^ as e.g* still offered in the Enoyolopaedia
Brltannica, vol. 14 (1965) »793-794 - that the author of the
Travels was the Lil^ge physioian Jean de Bourgogne or^'ii Xa Barbe
who died in 1372» Prof .Bennett maintaina that the author was
indeed an £ngliahnan»a member of one of the Mandeville families
living near St.Albans and most probably a kni^ht as he elaimed
to be (pp .215-216). He wrote his travelogue in Norman^Frenoh
in England and there it was particularly well known until the
early 1500' s. "Before the Reformation the Travels was especial-
ly populär in England »where the forty manuscripts in Englieh
represent at leaot three different translations. The Engllsh
Ifrfiditlon - Notea
- t -
25
also Kade four traxislatlons into Latin »and alKhteen of tha
Burvlvlng Franoh manusoripts ara written In Knglish hand»**
(p*219)* On the llterary obaracter of the ITyavals of. also
George B.Park»« !rhe £ngXi3li graveXer in XtaXy » I t $he MiddXe
Ajges fto 1525} » Boae,1954fPp-217*218 and 376. Lucien Febvre
& Henri-Jean Martin, I/'apparition du livre , Paris, 1958, preaent
an pa^e 23 the data on the mse* of the graveXs from the book
by Prof .J.W. Bennett but in note 24 refer erroneously to the
study by Mr. H^S. Bennett mentioned in »y note 11,2.
H«S*Bennett, *The Author and his Public in the Foturteenth and
Fifteenth Centuries*, Essays and Studie» by Members of the
English Association t vol. 23 (Oxford, 19 38), 22. The list referred
to by Bennett has been compiled by Dr. Brie i the Quotation eomes
from an unidentified publioatlon by C.L. Kingsford.
i?
Franoo Munari, Catalofflie of the MSS. of Qvid^s Me t amorphe sef »
TJniversity of London, Institute of Olassical Studios, in con-
junction with The Warburg Institute. Bulletin, Supplement 4
(1957).
Aristoteles Latinus . II (Cajabridge,Engl., 1955), p. 1306 (Index)
lists 22 copies of the translatio vetus and 75 copies of the
recensio Burandi i these fi^res include contaminated texts,
listed among both versions, and also dubious texts. To arrive
at xnore repräsentative figures,the contaminated texts were,
following the analysis of the authors of the Aristoteles Latin ^
ua > assigned to the older trsnsXation or to the Durand version
Tradition - Hotea
- 8 -
depending on which one of these two versiona was prevalent In
the oonflated texts« Dubiouö texte were ellminated as fax aa
±8 possible at the present »tage of knowlcdge» Thus,! öounted
15 copies of the tranaXatio vetus and 72 copiee of the reoensio
Durandi » Of the 15 copies of the older translation 2 were po»-
öibly written in tho 13th oentury, 8 in the 14th Century and
5 in the 15th Century. Of the 72 copiea of the Durand Version
2 were probably penned in the 13th Century, 39 in the 14th Cen-
tury (3 of theo possibly earlier) and 31 in the 15 th Century
(3 of thenj possibly at the end of the 14th Century)« While
most copies of the older translation seem to have originated
in Italy, the Durand version waa copied inainly in Germany»
France and Italy in this order. - In a second Supplement to the
Aristoteles Latinus > prepared by L.Minio-'Paluello ( Aristoteles
Latinua Codices » Supplementa Altera . Bruges^-Paris , 1961 ) aome
entriea in the two volumes published in 1939 and 1955 were cor-
rected and several new iteins,located since 1955, were added»
These oorrections and additions modify somewhat my sumißaries
given in the text and in this note. Aocording to the Supplement
there are now i;nown 17 copies of the translatio vetus <-► 13 of
them with the pure text and 4 with a conflated text - and 76
copies of the reoensio Durandi including one still not fully
Identified and 2 fragmentary copies and 4 mss. of the Durand
Version contaminatea with the older translation* Of the 76
copies of the Durand version 2 were penned in the 13th Century,
38 in the 14 th Century (3 of them possibly earlier) and 36 in
the 15th Century (3 of them possibly at the end of the 14 th
Century). The reeently located copies originated mainly in
Tradition - Notes
-8a-
the 15th Century and this fact indioates that In the 15th pen-
tury the Durand version was more often copied (36 times) than
the earlier listings (31 times) had suggeated» Also, the new
findings and the corrections of soine earlier entries reveal
that the mss. containing the Durand version were written not
only in Oermany, France, Italy and Spain,but also in England (2),
Austria (1) and Switzerland (1)» Finally,it should be noted
that in his Supplement Professor Hinio-Paluello refers to the
Durand version as the translatio Durand! rather than to the
recenslo Durandi as Father Lacomhe has done and thus he assigns
to the work by Durand d'Auvergne and his co Ilaborators the Sta-
tus of a translation independent from the older one«
Professor Kristeller added one copy of the translatio vetus to
those listed in the two volumes of the Aristoteles Latinus ; it
is ms. cod« 5,3 D 30,f •106v-119 of the Biblioteca Comunale at
Macerata, an interesting ins. from many points of view and also
notable for its owner, Coluccio Salutati. I gave a detailed
description of it in my article in Soriptoriuci,p «266> In the
second Supplement to the Aristoteles Latinus it is now listed
on p»143 as no.2158, - A ms. of only book XII (liber secundus)
of a Latin Boonomics version - cod,IV»F»67,f •52-55v of the Btb-
lioteka Uniwersytecka at WrocXaw - was listed in Aristoteles
Latinus, I,761,no.lll7 as unidentified; Professor Kristeller
recognized it as a oopy of the liber secundus in the version
by Bruni (150) •
Tradition - Notes
- 8* -
Ludwig Bertalot,after seanning major Italien and Cxertnan mss*
collections and catalogues of collections in other ooimtriea for
copies of Bruni's writings , caioe to this conolusioni •• ••* It
should be expresaly »tated that the .•* translations of Baftilius
and Xenophon wäre in general the moat widely read producta of
Bruni's philological Muse and writing; also,it is not without
interest for the history of ideas; irH e#g. the stateaent» on
sense of and desire for honor in Hiero [« Xenophon*3 Tyrannus ]
in the bad Latin garb given it hy Bruni wäre read more often in
the 15th oentury than many a word by conteiaporary authors which
was frequently guoted from Jacob Buxckhardt during the past oen-
tury • ••** (" ♦.* Ee sollte ausgesprochen werden, das® die ••«
üebersetzungen des Basilius und Xenophon die gelesensten Produk-
te der philologischen Muse und Sohriftstellerei Brunis überhaupt
waren; es ist auch nicht ohne geistesgeschichtliches Interesse;
«•B, wurden die Saetze von Ehrgefühl und Ehrbegier im Hiero in
Brunis sohlechtem lateinischen Gewand im 15« Jahrhundert oefter
gelesen als so manche ^orte eeitgenoessischer Autoren, die man
im letzten Jahrhundert nach Jacob Buxckhardt vielfach zitiert
hat •••")• 'Forschungsn über Leonardo Bruni Aretino*, Arohivum
Komanicum, XV (1931), 302 •
Tradition - Notes
«* 9 **
Part XXI
21»
** ••« üt enlm medlclnae flnls est aanltas^lta ral famlXlarla
dlvltlas flnexD esse oonatat« Simt vero utlles dlvltlaeioum
et oamamento alnt poasldentlldtia et ad vlrtutem exeroenda»
atippeditent facultatam •«• ^* The text la clted frora the edl«*
tlon of the prefaoe by Hans Baron » Leonardo Bninl Aretlno ,p»
120t llzxea a^'-'SS» I am Indebted to Mrs «Catherine E »Stabile for
aaslstaaee In the translatlon« -* IThe comparlaon of medlolne
wlth household management Is a referenoe to Nloomachean SthlOf »
I^ X» 1094 at8**9 $**••• the end of the medlcaX art Is heaXth»
#•• that of econoailo& wealth**« (translated by W«B*B03s»The
TiOtk^ of ArlstotXe t IX, Oxford, 1925) • Brunl paraphrased thls
paasage from hls own Ethles verslan whlch he had oompleted In
1417 •
■.p
** •«• Cul enlm reotlus de gubernatlone exercltus praeolpl
poteetfi^iiasi llliy^ul exercltum habeat ? Cul rursus de rel
f axillaris admlnletratloneiquam eltgtxl rem amplam possldet et
tuerl illam oxm laude gllsolt et atigere eum dignltate ?
• • •
Baron' s editlontlines 18-21 ♦ - The flrst sentenoe Is evidently
an allueion to Nloomaohean Ethice » X» 9# 1181a, ll'*12 t » •*•
and so It seema that those who aim at Icnowlns about the art
of polltloa need experlance as well ^ (as translated by Ross).
" #*« veruia etiam explanationem quaffidaa obsourorum verborum
adiunxi, quo tibi legentl dlluoidlor esset ** (Baron|lbid.,
Tradition - Kotes
- 10 -
54
ZB
p»121, llnes 8-^10). Di Mario refers in his copy of Bruni's
Eoonoaics Version (69) at the end of the commentary on book I
to Bnini's »»explanation*» as »oommentaritu»'' .
Politica , III, 12, 1283a, 16-17t "There is thus good ground
for the Claims to honour and off ice whioh are made by persona
of good de8cent,free birth,or wealth* (translated by Emest
Barker. The Politics of Aristotle (Oxford,1948)^ i3l) and also
IV, 12, 1296b, 17-19? *By *quality' [of Citizens] we mean free
birth, wealth, culture, and nobility of descent** (ibid. ,185) •
To these qualities must be added the experience of which Aris-
totle spoice in the Hicppiachean Ethics (see note Ilt,2)
On the public audience of hnmanistic literature see the essay
by P.O.Kristeller, 'Der Gelehrte nnd sein Publücum im spaeten
Mittelalter und in der Kenaissance • , Medium Aevum Vivuin ; Fest -
sohrift für Walther Bulst «eQited by H.R.Jauss and D.Schaller
(Heidelberg, i960), 212-230, esp. 218-230, esp. 218-223, 226-228,
Ourt F* Biihler, The Fif teenth-Century Book t The Scrlbes,the
Printers« the Decorators (Philadelphia, i960), 25-27 on scribes
in the second half of the 15th Century; also Kristeller, ibid#,
227.
B«L •Ullman, The Orl^in and Development of Hnmanistic Script
(Rome,1960), 98-109 ♦
Eugenio Garin, 'Le Traduzioni ümanistiche di Aristotele nel
Secolo XV' , Atti dell'Accademia Fiorentina di Soienze Morali
' »III lull I >| H ■ K ill III 1 ■ H H l
" La Coloffibaria **, VIII (Florence,1950), 14-15.
•iTadltlon • Ho tos
• 11 -
10
II
12
13
Mittelalterliche BlbliothekskatalOKe Dexitsohlfmda xmä der
Schwelg« I t Die Bistuemer /lonotanz und Chur (by P#LehzEann),
(iif.unloh»1918), 455.
Cataloi^e G^n^ral des Maimscrlts deg Blblloth^gueg Publlgueg
de France » BtSpartegents » (Octavo Serie» ). I t ünlversitd de
Parle et universitäre de» d^parteiuents (Parle, 1886), 139-140;
Coadt^ Internationale de Pallo^raphle, Catalomxe dey Manuscrltj^
en Eorlture Latlne portent dea Indloatlons de Bäte, de Lleu ou
de Coj^iate (by Ch.SaiEaran aud K^Marlchal), I t i^uale Cosid^ et
Blbllothiquea i'arlslennes (by K»Garand,J •Metc^fiun and lfc#Th#Ver**
net)# (Paris, 1959)t ^34, no#283; Auir^stln Henaudot, Pr^r^forme
et Humanlsine a Parle pendant l es prexr.l&re s iruerre ^ d| Italic
(1494-1517) # (necond edltion, Parle, 1953), 126 and note 6« He-
naudet holde the© to be ooples by Charlier for hls own use»
;vlbert D« Menut (ed«),Htalstre Hicole Oreaisct Le Llvre de Ycon-
omlfiue d*Arl«tote*, Trcmsactions of the i^crloan Phllogophlcal
Society , New Serlee, vol#47f part 5 (1957), 791; the eopy of
the Polltlquea and Ycono mlouo whloh Charles V carried t^^^lth hloj
whllts traveling is novv MS, 2904 of Tho Blbllothique Boyale at
Brüssels*
L.Bellslc , Le Cablnet des Manuscrlta de 1& Blbllothe -ue Iupp^rl -
* M \ --IT -iiT |-| II IUI II I I • II I I | -|-- inii null II |- III -1 |--iii r - 1 - | •' *"- -^ — '
ale, I (Paris, 1868), 41-42*
Q»M£iEaatlntl, La Blblloteca del He d^^ra^onn In ITaioXl « (Hocoa
S«Casciano,ia97), 36-» 37, no,56; T# De l^arlnls, La Blblloteca
Traaitlon - iTotea
- 12 -
14
KftpoXetana del Re d'Arai^one ^ II (J411antl947)i 16-17»
L.^ebus (öd«), laonardl Brunl Arretlnl Hplstolartttt llbri VIXI »
2 vols# (Florence,1741). II, 13ö-*lM«
15
16
17
Tho lett^^rs ar« from 12 August 1440 and 12 Marcb 1441# In cod#
Ö28 of thö Blblloteca Univarsltarla at Valencia v:hloh Ferrante
bou^-ht In Florenco In 1470 (see note ^ ) there is on f »91 on«
of the two lotters froa Bruni to King Alfonso. The two letters
of Alfonso are now to be found in A»Gim«Sne25 Soler, Itlniirg^rlo
^©1 rov AlonsQ do ivra/^on y Hapolea « t Zaragoza, 1909 Jt 179 1 185«
Gar In, I.e., 17-19 •
They are now in the Biislioteca TJnivörsitaria at Valencia and
are öescrlbed by U.Outl^rrea dol Cano, Gatalo,s:o de los manu -
©crltos existentes cn la Biblioteca ünivcroitaria de Valencia.
f^mmmmimmmimmßmmmimmmttm
I (1914), 45-46 and 140, and by Da r^arinls. I.e., II, 14-15 with
the dociimenteö biatory of cod. 826 bought by Kin^ Ferrante, 17
and 27. Bcth Outl^rrea and De l-aarinis overloofekd the Eponomics
oopy in cod.389>f •145**153 altbourh they quotQ<2 the ending words
of the über aecundu^ in the Bruni version; I verified thie
copy with the belp of a microfiliTi. - iiing fmrruntQ wa« in oloae
poXitical alliance with Lorenao de* Ädioi a^ainat the kings
of Franoe who clalKOd the XtDlian reals» of the kingt's of Aragon.
Btat Ferrsinte kept oijit of the internal strifes of Ioren20,evon
granting; exlle to Lorenso*s domestic focs. On the interest of
Ferrante in the cultural life of Florence and on his relatlon
to Ficino see Kriateller. 3tudies , 411-413. 114-115.
Tradition - Hotes
- 12a •
16
Charles Henri Graux, 'Essai sur les origines du fonds grec de
l'Sscourial; Episode de l'histoire de la renaissance des Xett-
res en Sspa^e». Biblioth&que de l*£oole des hautes Itudeg •••>
Sciences phllolo/^lque? et historicues t fasc, 46 (Paris, 1880),
163-273 [Le Fonds MendozaJ .
Tradition - Notes
• 15 *
19
fO
U
22
C.StomaiolOt Codices Urblnates Latlnl , III (Home, 1921), 267*
27>*275. - In the Inventaries of the varlous colleotlon« whlch
belongcd to the d'Eete faBJlly,thi} duitee of Ferraraftio oopy of
^^^ Kconomlcs translütion by Brxxni Is listed; the two mss« In
the Fondo Estense (108,109) of the Blblioteca Estense at Modena
were no part of the 15 th or early ISth Century d'Est© librar-
ies»
Dott»s3a Guerriera Guerrieri,the dlrector of the Naples Biblio*
tecÄ Nözlonale and bxi export on the Farnese collectlon,proviäed
ae kindly wlth de Script ions and mlcrofiliRS of th se copies and
also identified them as items froin the Farnese library« They are
not llstod in her study •!! Bondo ramealano', I Quademl della
R,Biblloteoa !!azlonal e Vlttorlo Emanuele III •* Hapoli, Serie
II,no#2 (Haples,1941)«
Bandini Catalogue,II,645-'651* Kristeller cites the Scala colleo-
tion as an exaicple of huxBanistic funeral literature althou^jh
Scala, he observesjwent somewhat beyond this scope. Studie s «
419, n.27.
The codex of the Carmelite monastery on the Zurichbcrg and its
forcjer owners are extensively described by Cunibert Mohlberg in
the K:atalog der Handschriften der Zentralbibliothek ZUrioh « I
(Zürich, 1932), 112-113, no.267» • The data about the previouo
owners of cod. A».IV.14 [F.IV.l] of the Oeffentliche Bibliothek
der üniversitaet of Basel were generously fumished by Dr»Max
Burckhardt , the conaervator of the mss. of the Basel üniversity
Library.
Tradition • Notes
- 14 -
^3
24
35
?6
The Florentlne humanists now cited as owners ot well ©xecuted
Codices were,as 'daxtlnet haa polnted out|following up earlier
studies Ijy Suspenio Garin, eithcr wealthy men like Giannozzo
Hanetti or **courtier-profe8sor$" (Garin) provided with pre\)end8
and sinecjurea like Ficino and Poliaiano. Brtmi himself was a
man of considerable though through hi» own effort ao uired meana
Lauro Martinea^ The Social world of the Florentlne HimanistS i
1390-1460 . (Princeton. 1963). .3-17 and 117-123,165-176 on Bruni.
Bandini Catalo^e, Supplement, II, 392-393. At the end of the
Sthics Version! Aii^ustinus Terriculua ex lectura Politlani virl
dootissiffil anno 1491 & 1492. Aa earlier ownera of the codex are
naxned Augustinus Hettuocius and frlends and on f .1 3enatore
Carlo di Toamaso Stroz3i,l670.
Manettijdlsaatiafied with Bruni's translatlon of the Nicoiaachean
Ethics,prepared a new Latin version of it and also translated
the liiagna Moralia and the Eudemian Ethios which he dedicated,a3
aicntioned earlier, to kin^ Alfonso of Aragon» Cf .Garin, l,c.,
17-19.
The copy of the JSconomics version is now cod. 14 36 iL.148,ruhro
139], f •101-106 of the Bihlioteca Govemativa at Lucca; detaila
of it were given sie kindly hy dott.saa ^arta Frisgeri,the direc-
tor of the library» The copy of the comirentary ia now cod. 690
LBonoionl llj,f •233-247v of the Biblioteca üniveraltßria at
Pisa. C.Vitelli who desribed the codex in Studi Italianj di
Filolo^Tia Claasica «X (Florence, 1902), 29-39 did not recognize
Tradition - Notes
• 15 -
^T
thc Bruni commentary, Kristeller will correct Vitelli in Iter
It&licuin ,H> - Ser Piero Roncione l)ought,according to A« Man-
cini,the first oodex,now in I,ucoa,on 26 April 1466 but we do
not know when he acquired the second codex, now in Pisa|Which,
according to J «A* Fabricius ( Bibliotheca Latina S^adiae et Infi '
mae Aetatis , I (Florence,1858), 397), was written in 1442. Both
volumes were in the early 18th Century in the possession of
iäartius Michelli,canon of Lucca cathedral.
A.Birkenmajer, 'Der Streit des Alonso von Cartagena mit Leonar-
do Bruni Aretino', Vermischte Untersuchungen zur Geschichte
der mittelalterlichen ih i losophie » Beitraege zur Geschichte
der Philosophie des Iklittelalters . XX, 5 (Münster, 1922), 129-
210; S.Troilo, 'Due traduttori dell* Ethica Nicomachea, Roberto
di Lincoln e Leonardo Bruni', Atti del R.Istituto Veneto di
Soienze«Lettere ed Arti » vol. 91 (1932), 275-505; M.Grabmann,
'Eine ungedruckte Verteidigungsschrift von Wilhelms von Uoer^
beke Uebersetzung der II ikomachi sehen Ethik gegenüber dem Huma-
nisten Lionardo Bruni*, Mittelalterliches Geistesleben , I
(iYiunich, 19 26), 440-448 diacussed and also partly published an
unprinted treati3e,composed between 1481 and 1484 by the Domin-
ican Battista de* Giudici,bishop of Ventiiniglia,in defense of
the medieval Latin Sthics translation. (Grabmann regarded the
medieval BJthics Version as a pork by William of Moerbeke while
S.Franceschini sbowed that Williaic of toerbeke merely revised
the translation by Grosseteste; cf. Ezio Franc eschini, 'La re-
visione Itloerbekana della "Translatio Lincolniensis" dell*
Et&iaalJicomachea * , Rivista di Filosofia Neoscolastica , vol . 30
Tradition - Notes
- 15a -
(1938), 1-13) • 15ot all clerics conoemed with this Aristotell^
an werk sided with Alonso er
Tradition - Notes ^ lÄ -
- d«' Giudißi, The AögU3tinlan General Gugllelao Bechi,later
blehop of Fieeoletbased hls Ethlo» coimuentarytOompleted Xsi 1465
on the Brtinl verelon and so dld the Spanlsh Franclscan monk
III. 58 52 X
Pedro de Castrovol In the early 1480*8 (see notes lÄ and tn)»
A thlrd Ethlce commentary with the Brtml translatlon as text
was authored by Pedro de Oemata professor of Phlloeophy and
Theology at the University of Salamanca^and was prlnted in that
clty,wlth correetlons hy the Rev.maslster Fernando de Roa,ln
1496 (Hain-Reichling 12122).
28
29
;
50
3%
Garin (l#o.#10) cites Pogglo,Fllelfo,Deceml>rlo,Bessarion,Argy-
ropulos and Aeolaluoli as the htunanists partlclpating in this
oontroversy which turned out in disfavor of the Barunl trans-
latlon«
Bertalot sugi^ested that the Argyropulos Ethios Version was
twiee as often prlnted as the translatlon hy Bruni ('Zur Bibli-
ograihie der Heb erset zünden des Leonardos Brtinus Aretlnus',p#
189) • My own observations in studying the prlnted Latin edl-
tions of the Collected Worlcs of Arlstotle in the cited 40 years
__ period supporrt Bertalot *s Suggestion-
On the interest of Nicholas V in Arlstotle studies and trans-
lations cf • Garin, 1,0 •,18-19 and Kristeller« $tndle8 ,341«n»12;
on his plan for a library eomposed for Cosifiio de* Medlci,cf»
Kristeller, ibid., 573, nt58#
The Contents of cod.Vat.lat.2096 will be deserlbed in Kristel-
lert lter Italicxun .IIs the ownership of the codex and the text
Tradition «• Notes
- 17 •
32
33
54
of the Eoonofiiies Version were generously verified by Monaignor
Jos^ Ruysschaertjvice-prefotto of the Vatican Library.
Bandini 9 III p 180; Dott.ssa Irma Merolle Tondiythe direotor of
tho Iiaurensianstfurnished me kindly with the corrected folio
nunibers of the Soonomios text which are different from those
given by Bandini and she also verified the oomposition of the
text.
J «Marx. Verzeichnls der Hanr ^^ftbriftan^RAmmlunff dea Hnapltalin
zu Cues bei Bemkastel a. Mosel . (Trier, 1905) t 167-169 tno. 179 •
Detailed descriptions of the codex J 115 sup. and its texts
are given by Ezio France sohini, 'L' "Aristotele Latino* nei
codici dell* Ambrosiana*. Misoellanea Galbiati tVol#III (»
Fontes Aflibrosiani ,vol.27 (1951) ), 241-242 and note 6 on p.
241 and by Angelo Paredi» La Biblioteca del Pizolpasso . (Mi-
lan , 1961), 125-126 • Dott. Paredi was kind enough to verify
various aiinute points in the text of the Economics Version
and of the oommentary. - On Franoeaoo Pizolpasso (Pioolpasso)
who was bom into the noble Bolognese family Lambertini and
who died in 1451, his hnmanistic interests and friends,and
his notable collectlon of handwritten books cf . Philippe Ar-
gelatti, Bibliotheca Scriptortua Mediolanensinic ••• T.II,2
(Milan, 1745 ),cols. 1081-1084. The letter from Bruni to Becem-
brio requestlng hi« to transnit to Pizolpasso his long epistle
concerning his controversy with Alonso of Cartagena (X,24 in
itehus's edltion) is desoribed by Baron, I.e., 227 and the ded-
ioation of the Demosthenes oration to Pizolpasso is cited
ibid., 162
Tradition - Kotes
•p- 18 ••
n
56
57
38
The ooclöx was reaoved in tho s«cond half of the 18th oentiury
from Trent to Austriatböcaiae early in tha 19th Century part of
the Imperial Court Library at Vicnna and was handed back to
Italy after World War !• It is now on fiduclary doposit in tha
Biblioteca Coorunale at Trent« It was first described in tha
oataloguö of tho Viannose ooXlootion aixd z&ost reoently by A«
Cett0|*I codici viennesi della Biblioteca Vescovile di Trento*,
Gtudi Trentini di Scienze Storiohe « vol«37 (1958),494-495fno»
22» Professor Getto was kind enough to furnlsh mo with sOBie de*-
tails on this codex and its adventurous history beyond what he
has written in the oited study.
In 1926 the codex was offered for sale by the Munich booJics©llers|
Weiss & Co* (their catalogue I (June, 1926) ^9-10, item 5 with a
detalled description); thus far I have not öome across it in
Bny public collection,
C^Kalm & others« Catalogus codicuia latinoruia Bibliotheoae Regiae
Monacenai8 ,II,2 {1876)|113tno*985; Dr«W*Hoenaann,the director
of the Manuscript Division of the Bayerische Staatsbibliothek
provided me generously with a desoription of the Economic» copy
and with inf onaations about the previotts owners of the oodesc
which one would not find in the otherwise excellent oatalogue«
A copy of the £conomics ooismentary by Bechi is cod#Ed«[Flor«
Eccl#] 152 of the Laurenziana# It is a well written and pro-
fusely illuminated parchiaent »s. of 42 leaves and belonged to
Beehi himself ( Bandini, Supplement, 1,45 5-'456)« Another fragmen-
, \
'.'■<.' ►•.•^.
Tradition • STetas
59
- 19 •
tary copy is oo(l#Mii^l#VHI,X4Q4tf *145*X54v of the Biblioteoa
Haaional« Centrale at Florenoe fKristeller. Iter Italletan «!,
153). The Ethios and Polltica coDaaientaries by Bechl are con-^
talned In the eodloea Ed^lFlör.EoolJ 153 and 154 of tfee lau-*
renziana (Bandinitlbid*^ools# 459 and 455-^56). ün the coia»ea-
tarlee cf • also Garlnyl^evtlTtn.l* Beehi recelved his aeadeinlo
tralnlng at the imlveraitle» ot Padua, Bologna and Florenee and
wasybeeldea belng a hlghly esteemed and fully oeoupied adi&ln«»
latrator^a proficient teaohertpreacher and author* On hie Ufa
and wrltlnga eee D ,A»gerini » Blbllo^raphla An^s tlnlana » Sfrl£-
tqres Itall ; * I ( Florenoe, 1929 )t 103-105 •
^^^^ ^"^hica ooBaßentary was prlnted by Henry Botel at Lerida on
12 Ai>ril 1489 (Copiager 1481). On Pecro de Castrovol »ee Die-
tlonnalre de XheoloKie Cathollgue . X (Paris, 1910), col#1837*
Taradltlon *> Not««
Part IV
* 20
.x>
2
A atirvey of tbla literature may be foimd In M«QralK!umnt *]i#thodi
und Hllffti<tel das AriatdtalasatudiuzDS la Mittelalter*« Sita* '
ongebarichta der Ba/eriachen Akadeade der Wlseanechaftea » IMä;**
historische Abtellunic » Jahrgang 1939fHeft 5t
Cod »Pal »lat« 1010 of the Vatican Librar^r will be deseribed in
Kristellar^ Xter Xta^cxua ^II» Betailed informations about the
Economioi^ copy (f ♦156-165v) were glven me generouely by Hon«*
signor Jos^ Ruysschaert»
Four of the five eopiea of the Boonomioe translation by Durand
d*Aavergne whioh belonged to the library of the Sorbonne at the
enä of the 15th oentury are no«r in the Bibliothk(^ue nationale.
Xhey are oontained in ita oodioes lat« 16089t 16133t 16147 and
16490 and are liated in aome detail by Laeombe in hia nos« 664t
672t 678 and 690* fhe fifth copy ia in the cod^Bibliothiott*« de
l'üni versitz 1032 (Iiaco»be,no«732)» The oopy of the anonyaou»
ffiedieval translation of the three boejca of the ^G^nomioff ia
part of the eod.BibliothSkque nationale t lat* 16107 whioh in-«»
cludes besidea this text and other naa* oopiea of the fragaen«*-
ta^T^ commentary by St^fhomaa on the Ariatotelian Politioa and
of a compendiun of the Bthioe with the eoismentary by St«1!ho»aa*
^^ Eoonomies version is liated by Laoombe in hia no*669« On
Guillaume Fichet and hia interesta in Ariatotelian philoaophyt
anoient olaaaicaltpatriatic and hunnaniatio literatux^ aee Kris«»|
teller,*An Unknown Humaniat Sozmon on St »Stephen by Guillauase
Fichet% Mtflanpea EuK^ne giaaerant » vol»IV [studi e Te8ti,236t
Tradition « Not«8
•* 20m •
Vatican City, 1964], 459*49? . On th« EfeonoaAa» copy,p^471 «nd
note 44* Aooordlng to Krlstellar Flehat «ai In 1455 11s tad
ajffiiong th0 llcanalandl and tha laclplantas In artlbua at tha
Sorbonne (p«462). The dealre of Flohat to study the Ueonottles
In the only oomplste Latin tranalatlon then avallable lllus*»
träte s what I have sald bafora about tha faahlon In whlah 15 th
oentury nnlvaralty taachars studlad tha taxt of thls spurlous
Arlstotellan work« •« Aa to ooplas of tha Branl verslon In tha
ed
llbrarles of Xtallan unlvarsltles renavm^for thelr Arlstotla
atudlea In tha 15th oenturytTory llttla haa been astabllshed
thus far. In the llbraiy of tha TJnlverslty of Bologna thara
seems to hava been three ooplas of Latin Eoonomloa verslona
at the end of tha 15th oentiiry* One copy of the Bixrand trana«
latlon Is oontalned In the ood#Blbllotaoa thilvarsltarla^lat*
1119 (LacoBib6|no»1283}{ It datas from the 14th oentury« Two of
the three coplea of the Bmnl veralon (60,61) olght hava be^
longed to Its eollaotlon In tha 15th oentiury« Ho eopy of the
Brunl Version whloh le traoeable to tha library of the ünlver«»
alty of Padua haa come to siy attention* As I hava etated In
the text^aa prominent a teaohar at that unlverelty as Hlcolet«*
to Vexnla adopted for hla prlnted Latin edltlon of the Collect«
ed Works by Arlatotle whlch appeared In 1463 the anonymous wm^
dleval Latin translatlon of tha three books of the Eoonomlee
albelt conflated wlth the later Durand verslon, There exlsts
another Indloatlon that at Padua In the 1470 •s and 1480 *s the
Economlcs «as read In medieval translatlons« The cod.Columbla
üniveraity,Pllmpton 17 wlth the »edleval Latin veralons of the
Tradition •» Not«8
•* 20 b ^
r*
Ethios « Politiog and gcottowloj» > VBtme d at the end of th« 14th
eentiiryywas in 1476 in the poseessien of Ermolao Barbaro who
oompared the Ethios translation by Oroaseteste with the Qreek
original« On the codex see S* De Hioei and W«J«Wil$on»Cen8tt£
of Mediäval and Renaieegnce Manue cripte in the tXnited $tate8
and Canada # II (1937)>1756«^1757j Laooffll>e,I,244fno.l7fitem 5t
Soonomica t reoengio Burandi^ff ♦181*-185j on the Barharo gloeee»
see Kiifiteller^Studief ,pp. 348-352.
On the humanistio tendenciee in the Paris eolleses at the end
of the 15th Century and in the beginning of the I6th Century
see A*Benaudetyl.o« -* IiofWre began his prolific and eminently
suoce^aful work of editing and oonmienting humanistic Aristotle
translationa shortly after 1490 with an introduction to the
Politi^s whioh,however,was put into print only 18 years later
by one of his disciples, Wolf gang I*ratensis» After the publica-
tion of an introduction to the i;thios #first printed in 1494»
and of a compendious conjmentary on the Kthics translation by
ArgyroptHosypublished together with his edition of the laedie*
val Latin Version by Qrosseteste and the two humanistic Latin
versions by Bruni and Argyropulo»,firßt printed in 1497, he pre-
pared an edition of the Politios translation by Bruni to whioh
he added his own eoioBientaary and of the Kconoiaics Version by
Bruni together with the coM^entary by Bruni and his own coamen«*
tary^first printed and published by Henry Estienne in 1506, Sh«
ooiBmentary by LefSvre is what I would call a *two layer** coaanen
Tradition ^ tfott«
• 21 »
76
that it cormlsts of annotatlona tc^nnot&tlonesj and a cor^cien-*
t&r/ proper [oocmontarluaJihowdver »o»cv^hat dlffer«nt In «tjrX«
txom the scholästic comroentarles then customsry in' Psirife» !«•
flvre titled the Bruni a^tm&nt&ry *explÄnfttlo* s» Brunl hlmself
dld in tbe pr»fac«i be ther<^by indloated that the Brunl annota«*
tions are not wh^t conteißporarles would have understood hy a
ooaittentary« laf^vre also adü<*d to the Briml verslon of th« turo
books oi the |i;o5>nogilo» «booka 1 and ill in «^d«rn taxt adltlons«
an anon/moua huKanlf^tle translation of the genuine booJc 11.
Banaudet dlscuaseafthoi^h not axh«u«tlvaly,th€ 1^06 work by Le«
f^vre in hla clt^d book,p|. •464'*'486t506«
Saß noto 27 of chapter III#
tha axaot date at whlch the printlng of thls oelebrated edltion
was ooflöpletcd l8 unknowri. Inounabula scholar« presume fro©
oircuttstantlal avldenca that It was coä^ lated or publiöhad be*
fore 10 April 1469« Xhcy Include In thi» evidenoe the marginal
cor;Bientar/ by asaulstor Frlbui-j^enBlai cf • Ga^ag^tJtertalQjg dey
«— x— wipw—WNii u iiiiiW M » D ii ii iii ^ r ^ ^ •- •
78
Friedrich i*aul9«n» Geachioh'^<g de» ^eX^hrten Unterrichts atif <Lßn
deu^scheit S<:f]feu|.eifi unjd Unlveffita<»ten •♦• ',<»^itad by ri^Lehasann»
i (Leipzig» 1919) »140-141.
Tm coi^y by Conrad 3chr:mde of tbe Brunl verslon wlth the pr9'^
fuöü»followed by a oopy of Ovid lett«;jr» frofii th?^ säur?© hiinö»!»
bound together with printed Latin texta frois the yoar» 1505 to
1512« Dr,Henlg,tha dlrector of tho Manuscrlpt Division of the
->■« - *■ -f^iiiiwjB^u ,<<*:y >-■»* rw>,^:.^pvw.ifc'.a»»*^»w- '^•if.^^f
Tradition «• Hotes
- 22 -
8
;©
K:
Prelburg ünlvarsity Library, was kind enough to d«serlb« tor ite
the entlre voltaiae and the t«xt of the Eeonottlo$ copy» 2he co-
dex will be listed In Kristeller« Iter Italici3ii ,II»
The text adopted by Vemla from a handwritten cop/ iSfln faott
the anonymous medleval I(atln veralen ef the three books (traas*
latio Tetus) eontaailxiated in books X and III with the Version
by Biirand (reoenslo Durandi) such as in ood« Conv«3oppr« 95t
f #199-201 9f the Biblioteoa I,&uyen«iana ( Aristoteles Latlnui «
IIt921tno*1334}* ön the Vemia edition of the Eeonomics see ?•
Susemlhl^ Aris totalis ouae fenintiir Oeeonoatioa » (Iielpaig,1878) ,
p •XVIII.
On Versor and his method of oommenting see M.Grabsiannt 'Die mXt^\
telalterliohen KoBo&entare zur Politik des Aristoteles** Sitg* >
unjKsberiohte der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften » Phil«
osophisch-historische Abteilung* Jahrgang 1941t Band 2t Heft
lOjpp.SS-'TS« Versor wrote also Sthios and folitios cojamentaries|
^^^ Ethics eoKninentary was publlshed by Quentell in 1491 (Hain
16053) and reprinted by him in 1494 (Hain 16054) and the isMr
tics cosanentary was issned by the same publisher in 1492 (OW
2444) and reissued in 1497 (OW 2445)»
The ascription of the commentary to Bionigi dei Hoberti is mostl
probably erroneous« Bionigi taught at the TTniversity of Paris
already befoare he reoeived his ssaster^s degree (1523 or 1324)
and in oonneotlon with his teaohing he wrote a series of com'-
mentaries on ancient authors , among them Vergil,Ovid and Seneoa*!
Tradition - Notes
• 22a -
His most famous commentary Is the one on Valerlu» Maximus co-
pied frequently In the 14 th and IJth eenturles« He Is also rs-
ported to have wrltten comxDentarles on the Arlstotallan PgljL-
tlcs and Poetics* J.A,Fabrlclu8,l»c«,281 cltes the Chronloles
by the German Aiigustlnlan Johannes Schlphower as hls souroe
for the notion that Dlonlgl authored Arlstotle commentarles •
Walter Goetz. Koenlg Robert von Htapel (1309-1343) » Seine Per -
soenllchkeit imd sein Verhaeltnls zum Hmsanlsmus » (Tübingen,
1910), 39; Marjorle A»Berllnoourt, ^he Coniinentary on Valerlug
Maxlmus by Dlon^slus de Burgo Sanctl Sepulchrl and Its Influ« *
ence upon later Commentarles (Yale dl8sertation,1954,type-
8crlpt),6 and Rudolph Arbesmann,0«S.A., *Der August ine re rem!-
tenorden und der Beginn der humanistischen Bewegung*, AUjgusti-*
nlana, XIV ( Louvaln, 1964 ),fasc» 1-2, p.264 [reprlnted in Cassl -
£iacum, vol. 19 (Wür2!;burg,1965)t23] accept thls notion although
no copies of these two Arlstotle coxamentarles by Dlonlgl have
tumed up thus far. Perini, I.e., II (Florence,1931),26-28 adds
in his llst of writings by Dlonlgl to the two mentioned Arls-
totle comnientaries the supposed Econoicios commentary on the
strength of the c.1495 Toulouse print» I am indebted to the
Rev»Father Francis Roth,O.S.A«,director of the Augustlnian
Historical Institute, New York, for advlsing me on thls lltera-
ture» - Yet apart from the lack of any authorltatlve Statement
to the effect that Dionigl has written an Eoonomics commen"-
tary,the text as printed in the c.1495 editlon - the librarian
of the üniversity Library at Grenoble was kind enough to make
available to me the miorofilm of
!rradltlon - Notes
- 22b -
It« oopy,th« only one knomi to me - rtaeroblt« v^ry muoh th«
one oontained in the eod* 7804 of tlie Bibliotaca Naoional «t
Madrid taaoribed there erroneously to St .Albert the Great* Oa
thia ms* eee M.Grabiaannt 'Mittelalterliche lateinische Ariate-*
teleeübersetzisiigen und Aristoteleskommentare in Handechrirten
»panischer Bibliotheken ♦ ^itaim^sberichte der Bayerischen Aka **
demie der Wissenschaften * Fhilos *« ^philol » Klasse (1928)|42
with the Inoipit* The authorehip of the cosomentary in the o«
1495 Toulouse print,of the Madrid ms» and of Bconymies ooaaaen*
taries in other handwrltten copies with a similar beginnini?
ViTlll have to be established. What might have happened in the
case of the Toulouse prlnt is that the unknown editor of it or
the printer^publisher himself aoting as editor might have used
as a base for his print a sos* of an Ee^nOBiies eoxm&entary sup«
posed to have been written by Dionigi« - The signifioance of
the l?oulouse print for the present study and also for intelieo*>{
tual history is twofold* Xt isfto my knowledge^the only »edi**
eval Latin ooromentary on this spurious Aristo telian wo rk put
into print in the 13 th oenttury (if »for the practical purposes
of this study i^jaedieval** denotes pre-15th oentury origin)« See-|
ondlyta eo&imentary based on one of the medieval I*atin transla«*
tionsiprobably the one by Burand^was printed next to the ver*
sion by Bruni« Sinoe the ooimnentary does not specifioally re-*
fer to the wording of the text quoted in leBimata»the editor had
not to go to great pains ef **adapting** it to the humanistic
translation» However,he added to the prefaoe by Bwmi, to his
own Version a brief sunuBary or paraphrase so as not to let it
Tradition - Hotea
-* 22o -
go without ft "ooismentary** • Otherwisethe partitioned the Bnmi
t#xt in M0dieval fasliion into portions Bexvins f^ text toar thf
coiamentarytÄ pTactice observed in the lata IJth anö earlgr I6ti»
eentturies mss« of the Bruni veraion aoooispanied by ooimentari««
otber tban that by Bnml«, !I*hö combination of medleval Latin
commentaries based originally on the medleval tranalatlon» of
Aristotle texts with the correspondiiyr veraiöns by Bnmi was
not tmooiBffion in the last (luarter of the 15th century# As an
example may be clted the editlon of the Pplitigg in the Bnmi
vereion together with the fragaientaiy coamientary by St#Jhoma»
Aquinas,printed in 1492 at Hoiae by Euoharius Silber (GW 244B)»
!I?he htaaanlstically oriented Domlnican Ludovloixs de Valentla
oombined the Thomae oommentaxy on booJcs I«*XIXf9 &nü. ite oontln«
txation by Peter of Auvergne oovering booka 111,10 *► VllltWith
the Bruni Version and^ae the leomiata in the siedieval oozmenta^
ry did not fit the Bruni text,aleQ **adapted** them to the Ver-
sion by Bruni» See the study by Conor Martin, •(Hae Vulgate Text
of Aquinas^ Comiaentary on Aristotle*s FQlitiC3 \ Boi):tinican $tt^^
dies t V (1952), 35-64 j Martin expanded earlier findlngs by F»
Edward Cran2,partly published in the latter's 1958 Harvard the*
sis on Aristotelianlsm in Medleval Politioal fheory i A Study
of the Heceptlon of the Polltios and partly established in sub^
sequent researoh and made avallable to Prof «Martin* ThQ 1492
Borne print demonstrate8,as so many other instanoes,the appeal
of Bruni 's Aristotle translatlons to late ©cholastie eccleal-
astioal scholars and their publio toward the end of the 15th
Century, first in Italy and Spain and then in lorthem ooun-
tries«
tPradition -» ITotes
•- 25 *
12-
i'5
See p.41 and notes 36 «nd 39 >of chapter III»
The title of the commentaary Is Aristoteles de oonvenlentla POl:f.^
tloe et ecenottloe » J.F.Kella» Johnstdne and A*W.2^bertsoB^the
editors ef the Bi))llo^!yaphia Aberdonensie > 2 vole* (Aberdeen,
1929-30) > 1/5-6 date the first editioft e, 1502 on tbe »trensth
of the early printer's device used oa the title p^e hy Jeeii
Petit and of the fast that,aocordlng to his own adraissioiifCrab
wrote his coinmentary before acaiiiring his master^s degree in
1503« The C03araentaxy was reissued in an expanded form in 1510
hy the I»yo»s pubüsher Sisaon Vincent and then again in o*1515«
^ether the copy listed by Copinger (no«1834) oorresponds to
the editio priaoaps or represents another edition as Johnstone
and Robertson are inollned to presiwjie imast remaia open for the
tirce being* Crab added to the two boolcs of the E|eonomiof in the
Version by Brunl a humanistic Version or a himanistio adaptatioi
of the medieval X«atin Version of the genuine seoond book of tbe
Economic s by an anonymous author and naaed it ^oenottianqs yubl)|>« |
^&rm Aristotelis über xmus « lefSvre adopted this text in his
IV, 4
1506 edition of the Politios and So^nomios (see above note a )♦
• ?or several years Crab was a regent at the Colllge de Bour*
gogne and later becaa:^ a professor of philosophy at the tl^ver«^|
3ity of Sordeatax «here he died in 1522* While still in Paris»
he coXlaborated with his colXeague at the Burgundian College ^
Ilicholas Dupuy (lUoolaua Bonaspes)tin editiag the enestiones
^^ ^^^ SIthics by John Biiridan and Martin lemaistre whioh,to-
gether with the medieval ^thics yersion,were published by Benis
TrEdition - Note»
- 23e -
U
Roce at Paria In 1509» Later,GralD wrote hls own Ethlos oom-
mentary based on the Argyropulos versionj It wa« put on the
market ty Simon Vincent in Lyons in 1517 • On the life of Grab
(1482-1522) who hailed from an old Flemich faicily long set-
tled at Aberde^n and hl« academic oareer see Scottiah Hotes
and Querigs , X (Edinburgh > 1896 ),faeo. 5, pp»53-*34 and the BJLI? -
llOEraphia Aberdonensis , I, 5*-6 wlth an exhaustive listing of
the diverse sources from which biog:raphical data on this Scot-
tiöh Scholar can be derivcd» I am indebted to Prof »F .Edward
Cranz for first drawing ay attention to the work ot Grab and
to Dr. W.Douglas SiapsonjLibrarian of the üniversity Library,
King 's College, Aberdeon, for advising xae on the literatiire on
Grab and providing me with a mlcrof ilin of the ©ditio princeps
of the Econoiaios coramentary preserved in that library«
The title of the Economics oomriontary by Wellendoerffer is
Qacologiuia ex duobus Aristotelis Qeconomicorum libellis ac -
cuii^ulatum » Conclus Jones oentua: et quattuor : ao nove traduc -
tionis textuin duplici cum regesto coiBplecten3 • . ♦ (Panzer
VII,p.l71fno«338). Wellendoerffer also oomposed an Sthioa
coimüentary,published in X509f and a Politi cs coEmientary,pub--
liahed in 1513 and reissued in 1516, all at Leipzig by Wolf-
gang 3toeckel» We know next to nothing about the life of the
author; :iiedler*s Universal Loxicon , vol. 52 (Leipsig-Halle,
1747), col. 1637 has only a list of his printed works (ther®
are some more ±n handwritten copies) and Chr.J .Joeoher, All -
gemeines Gelehrten-Lexioon > IV (Leipsig, 1751) ,col. 1879 adds
no further Information. Dr.Johannes Müller, director of the
Tradition ^ Notes
* 23b ••
15
llbrary of the Leipzig Xarl-Marx-Üniversltaet|klndly supplled
me wlth the followlng data from the university regiaters (tJnl-
versltaets-tiletrilceln): Wellendoerffer (whose nstm^ In spellcd
In seven dlfferent ways in the docuinents), a native of Salz-
burg In Bavaria^ v</as flrst matrlculated in the suitiraer Semes-
ter of 1481 and received his baccalaureate In theology in 1483
and his maglster of arts degree in 1487. Only in 15üO he ia
mentioned as holding offlcial positions in the faculties of
the arts and theology and in the sußaner semester of 1502 he
served as reotor of the university. - Qn the University of
Leipzig of» H>Rashdall> ?he üniversities of Europe in the Mid-
die Amos (edited by F^M.Powicke snd A.B.Emden), II (London,
1936), 258-260 - «Leipzig, in the beßinning of the sixteenth
Century ..♦ was the most frequented of the German üniversi-
ties" (258) - and about the latter period,also Paul8en,l.c.,
108-112.
Rev.Dr .Joseph Nowacki,the director of the archives of the
Poznan archdioce8e,generously fumished me with a deseription
of the codex and a miorofilm of the Sconoroios copy which Prof.
Kristeller had brought to my attention ♦
fyadltlon « ^ot«»
- 24 -
li
IT
la
X9
20
of chapter II
So« not« '5 on thla oopyj thc dlrector of the ünlversity LlbrÄry
&t ^irocXaw was Jclad enough to «ßak« a «jlcarofllm of it avAllj&bl«
to me«
Prof #ilrlsteller descrlbe^S for »« tho codex »nö th« oop/ of this
text on the spot and Pater Aegidius Kolb^OSB» the arohivist of
the abbe/ptoolc conslö«rable paln In provlälag r.e with a »Icro-
film of the liiüonomios text«
The codex is at presont on deposit in the Deut? che Staatalsibllo-
thek at Berlin; Prof •Kristeller gathert^d there for asc the dat«
on the codex and Dr^Rans Lu€lfing,the direetor of the Manueeript
Division of that library,fumi3hed »e gencrously with a aioro«*
film of the Eoonomics text* - My afstmption thiit the coiPjr.«ntary
waa prohably penned in 1515 1» based on the fact that the pre-*
cedin^ oopy of Horaoe lettera was done by a Philip Grünfeld and
cofi^pletod on 10 äarch 15X5« Xt eeesis that the Econogi^o» text ie
from the saire hajtid*
In the deü^cription of this codex by Jan Csubeii the Econoi^jlos
oopy Is not roentioned (jlatalo^ Hekopieow Al^ademii llndeletnoeci
w ^jrakowie , Supplement I (1912), 28). i'rof »iLriateXler toxmä, it
when he inapect^sd the codöx in that oollöction aau I received
a L-iicrofilir. of it throtzgh the ^ood Offices of Dr^lsarian Pelcsart
the direetor of the Bil;liotöka CdonsKs PoXsicieJ AkadORdl Üauk»
!Ihe authors of booxs 1 and XXI of the peeudo-Aristotelian J^MOon-
omi(;>a airs unknown* The Greek phlXoeopher Philodemixe (fl# c#60
Tradition - Notes
• 25 •
m
SS
B«C«}yan Eplourtan contemporary of CioerOfasorlbed the author«*'
ship of book I to Theophraatus and hls ascrlptlon has been ac*
oepted by most^if not allymodem Graeclsts« Cf • O^Hegenbogent
art. • Theophraatus % ^auXy'^Wissowa Real^Enzyclopaedie der Claa ^
slschen Altertuns Wissenschaft » Supplementband VII (1950), col»
1521 • - V^Rose believed that book III is identioal with a trea-
tise on marriage ascribed by Suidas to Aristotle. The text as
we know It from the Latin versions is obviously not the origi>-
nal but,as suggested by literary referencea^a re Vision by an
editor of the Ist or 2nd Century* Cf • V^Rose, Aristoteles paeud' *^
epigr&phus • (Leipzig, 1883), 644-665 and on the revision R^Bloch,
•Libor secundus yconomicorum Aristotelis* , Archiv für Geschieh -'
te der Philosophie > XXI (1908), 333-351; 441-468, esp.465-466*
** ••* duas philosophiae esse partes,quarui& altera in cognitioae
reruBi, altera in agendo versatur •••*•. Preface,ed«by Hans Baron,
Leonardo Bjrxmi Aretino « p.l21,lines 11-12.
• ••• Sunt vero utiles divitiae,ouiri et omamento sint possiden-
tibus et ad virtutem exeroendans suppeditent facultatem .«•",
ibid., p. 120, llnes 26-28.
Charles Trinkaus, 'A Humanist^s Image of Hturanismt the Inaugural
Orations of Bartolommeo della Fönte •, Studies in the Renaissan-
oe . VIII (1961), 115; the text in note 75 readsi "Propria virum
ipsum, mores que viri optime instruit« Bomestica domum familiam-
que dlsponit. Civilis civitatem moderatur ac regit*. - Bruni
Said in his prefaoei * .•• Ea vero praecepta [vitae] dividunttir
trifariaxTi! Aut enim circa mores nos instruunt aut circa rem
faßfclliareiß aut circa rem pubXlcsic« Hartaa prima» ethieain«s«cun«^
dam OGConoitloam«t«rtla2B polltlcas^ Gra«cl appellant #«#*^lbi(i«
24
85
• #•* $1 quoKodo re» publioeiB ifub«rn«s aclre voluerliitlegfondi
«runt tibi pollticorxuri librifCiuos Arlototelea eompo«uit et
Lconarduj? Aretinus I*atlno@ fecit (vetcreo! t^iut^m translationea
tibi nequaquavi aestimctOf qula et «lou^enti^m vitiat et inttllaot'
mbl nXmXu v^x&t); ad r«£^n<laffi tBmXlimi at ta ipauft utilia arit
aconoB^ica athioa<^ue Aristotali8>tiiai de offleila Ciaaro et epia«
tole Sauüce oanasque librl lpsius# quoißodo regemda «it uxor,
acripait Franciscua Barl^arua Venetua; quoEodo llberi ©dticandl,
Plutarehüs •••• Hec tiua ntmo »örlbo,ai qxkln «xtra Xtalliaja doct*
ua lagere tjBje siarime arguerettquod lnt«r auctor«® lagenöo» non
nvm^truv^rim fhoma» Aquinat^R aut Alexandrum de Aloa vel ma^ntae
Albertus vel Petrum Blescne«« et HleoleuiE de Lira et Alantia et
hanc novonm ttirbaiß|Seci tu eave#ne iatos eudiaa •••"# Quoted
rom £nea Silvio PlocoloiRlni , Fayst Pi^. IX » Aua^^pwaehlte Texte
aua aalnen Scbriften # liersiÄa£re^rel>enty.b€r8€tat und bio^raphlaoh
■M» i m t«iii> ii li «wo— «» « i l t l i | l il(lii HH «ilili»i— UM»«»«!»«»»» ^ l.-* W -i,! m
Miss
einfcleXtßt von Berthe WidJKier« Basel, 1960|iiu284-2a7* On^fid'-
®er*s edition baaed on the I^atin tert edlted by 'rolkan (££igiä-
lae X,99fPp#226 aqu#) ef# the revlew by ö#l*of fanin in Benaiaaan «
Kewa » XV, 2 (SuBimer, 1962), 152«
In ooa*lat#661S of tfee Bibliotb^que K'ationale the Bruni Version
(35) is found tos«^ther with ClceroVs De ayiioitia tma ii^j^eneotg-
te ; in cod. 379 of HoHtham Hall the Koonoalca (14) foliow» Ci*
e<^ro*a eorrenpondenee #ith Qulntuaj in eod*1639 llat»856J of
Tradition - Notes
-. 27 -
26.
the Blbliotece ünlversltarla of Bologna the Soonomlos (59) 1»
followed by Seneca's Llbrl Benlflolorum whlle In cod. 29 438
tMS.Add.C,264] of the Bodleian Library the same work by Seneca
precedes the Economlcs (26) j In cod. 114 of the Biblloteca de
la Unlversldad at todrid there are between the Polltlcs and
Economlcg translations by Bnini Seneca ♦s De reiaedllg fortulto ^
rum and the spurlous correspondence between Seneca and St .Paul»
On the ascrlptlon to Brunl of the Giiarlno version of De llberle
educandls (f #289-310) and on the confuslon of the Economlcs ver^
sion by Brunl (f,272v-284) wlth Vergerlo^s I)e ln/^enul3 morlbtis
cf» H» Baron, l«c#,p#185; on the codex and on its scribe cf. A»
1,20
Campana, l«c», 490-491 (see p»5, note a)# - Cod.Houv.acq.lat.
650 of the Blblioth&que Nationale wlth the Guarlno version
(f .20-41v),erroneously ascrlbed to Brunl, Is brlefly descrlbed,
wlthoiit correction of thls mistake,by H.Omont, *Nouvelles Acqul-
sitions du d^partement des manuscrits de la Blblloth&que Uatlo-
nale pendsjnt les ann^es 1896-1897*, Blblloth&que de l*5cole des
Charte 3 , vol. 59 (1896), 93-94. - The three texts In cod. 17 403
[D'Orville 525 j of tho Bodleian Library were penned by a Johan-
nes Pottere de Sirlcsee at Rome. Vergerio*s De In/genuls ciorlbus
(f .l-26v) was wrltten in 1454 and the copies of the Economlcs
Version (f .27-51) and of the Ouarlno version of De liberis edt;^ -
candls (f .51V'-67) were completed on 14 February 1456/57 (F»
Madan, A Suzamary Catalogue , IV (1897), 134). - In cod. 71
sup. of the Biblloteca Ambrosia-
Tradition «• Hotes
•• 28 •*
n
2a-
nm too th<ä f>oono»lo» transl^tlon )»/ Bruni !• followed b/ tht
Plutarch treatis« in th€ Gunrino Version» Cf« S«Francefrchini»
l«o*f243 and note 2*
Franoeaco Barbaro wrota hit traatise prob'^bly early in 1416 aa
a w^dding gltt for Lorenso d«* Medioi»thft brothar of Cositto and
great m^ole of the »ore famous LorenaOtwbo etarried in tha Sprinf|
ot 1416 and who» Barbaro had irat about half a year bafore on a
Visit to Floaronce» In chapter II, ö Barbaro referrcd to the Qaffon j
oasjotMs by Xenophon 8 tliras, to the Eoenogiloa 5 tim^^n ima once to
le liberia eduoandis » • Ho co»prahenaiva study anrists on the
handwrittan oopiaa of the Barbaro treatiae but it saazria that a
larae nuisibar of oopiaa circulated in tha 15 th oentury. It rasMain^
ed a populär «ork until late in tha 17th oentury aa the nuHsber
of printad editions &nä translf^^tiona indioat«9# It was prlnt^^d
6 tizces b«twoen l^l? and 16?9 ^nd was translatsd into Geris;an
(1534)» Italian (1548) and Frcnch (1548 and 1667) ♦ - A modsm
edition of Da re uxoria was »ad« by Ä»On©»otto in Attl a Mejgoris
della KftAccademia di Solange ad Art! in Padova » B«S» IXIII
(19l6)t7«*100 andfbased on it^a modern Garman translfition by
Peroy Oothein ("Das Buch von dar Ehe* »Berlin, 1933) ♦ On tha au*
thor of the traatlsa^hla oourcas und the plaoe of the traatiaa
in the Henalasance hlstory of Ideas of« ?eroy Gothain t Franoasco
Barbaro t Früh-^Huicanlsttus und Staatakunst in Venedig » (Berlin«
1932),: >6 1-99 •
As to Bsy aourco of inforriation on ood»lrst#ll 13Ö of the Biblio-
I 7
thiquo islationaXe see note a{ cod.XlV K 26 of the Biblioteca i^a-»
Tradition - Notes
• 29 *
24
'50
zionale at Naples was kindly desoribed for me by dott.ssa
Ousrrieri«
From the prefaoe by J,R. Liunby to his below cited edition of the
Scottish translation of the Spistola # - This tract circulated
very widely in the 14th and 15th centuries to Judge hy the enor-
mou» ntunber of öopics« Haur^au cotinted 16 copies alone in th«
BibliothÄque Nationale and there is hardly a major oollection
of medieval mss« which has not at least three or more copies of
it# Most of the time it was ascribed to St.Bemard of Clalrvaux
and sometiDses to the scholastic philosopher Bemardus Silvestris
(active at Tours in the middle of the 12 th Century) or to an
otherv^ise unknown Bertrandus« It was certainly not the work of
St#Bemard or of Bemardus Silvestris ♦ Just as unidentifiable
as the author of the epistle is the person to whom it was sup-
posedly addressed; the addressee is called a Icnight (miles),
sometimes styled as lord of a Castle of Ambrose (oastri Aißbrosii)|
or of the Holy Angel (castri Sancti Angeli),both unlcnown» For
a modern edition of the Latin text see Migne, Patres Latini ,
vol»182, cols» 647a - 651a; on the author B« Haur^au, ^otioes
et extraits de quelques laanuscrits latins de la BibliothJ>que
Nationale, vol. X (Paris, 1890), 534-537 and M. Manitius, Gesohlol
te der lateinischen Literatur des Mittelalters , III (Munich,
1931) p209 (not Bemardus Silvestris); on the Scottish transla^*
tion J.Rawson Lumby (edOt 'Bemardus ^® cura rei fazniliaris with
some ü;arly Scottish Proph©eiQs,etc»*, Early Sn^lish Text Society ,]
no.42 (London, 1870)*
In cod»Ross#569 the pscudo-St.Bernard epistle (f.90v-91) pre-
Tradition - Hotes
-- 30 -
cedes the Durand version (f •189v-*191)« In öOd»Urb»lat«1392 with
textö written in 1441 and 1446 the Btirand Version ia followed
first by a spurious Averroes commentary on the Economic s and
then by a fragment of the pseudo-^St^Bemard epistle. Cod.Ross.
569 is described in Aristoteles Latinus ,!!« 1202-1203 as no.
1806 and cod«ürb«lat. 1392 by C, Stomaiolo, Codices Urbinat»»
Latini , III (Rome, 1921), 301 and in Aristoteles Latinus ^ 11,1210
as no.l821.
Tradition
m 30 *>^
APPENDIX X
fhQ Five Paarta of tlia Coi&plate faxt of tha i^imotatad I»atiii
Varaion of tha Paaudo^AriatoteÜan Eeonaadea hy
a
Leonardo Bruni with the beginning and ending worda ♦
ARISTOTELIS OECOHOMICORÜM IIBRI DUO* I.EOHARDO ARBTUTO
IH!PSRPES5!K ♦
1, PHAKFATIO } Praeioaa aunt intardu» parvi oorporia •«# Bxma
ad taxttua Ariatotalia vaniaieua»
2, LIBKK PHIHUS f Kaa faadliaria at raa publica intar ae dif««
ferunt •«• sie enim parata non raquirentur«
3« IIBKK SBOÜHPtJS t Probam mulieram oxnnibua quaa atmt inttia •••
nultiast atiam ad vacorem et filioa at parantaa*
4f COMMEOTAEItm S0PKR PRIMüM LIBROII f Haa fandliaria et reapubli-
ca inter se diffanmt* Dixiams supra in pra-»
oamio *«• hiiiiiaaM>di diattun valet«
$« OOMMSKTAHIÜM SUFSH SECÜK^ÜM IiXBRt]» t Probaffl isulieraa osmibua«
In rai familiaria diaoipXina aonaidtratio habe«*
tur •*« q^uod anteaaaait in Iittara#
-^•" ^> ^ M >»»gfi>^r*^<www**^
■^MB IW« I »»«
!rjr*dltiOli
• 56ä •
fl:« tlil« of tftisli pari Viurl«« in hiiiidwrittexi oofi^»»« tli«
fcrta» tiitimm m tttö# !rh« tt&in tltle^lf at all aitt«uit#la ardinarlly
found in tlM» Kxplialt; aasiatlmaa it ie «ntar«d by a latar haiMl
la th« form of a «uj^rasariptlaa« E^ualX>' varyiag I9 the s|^aXlla£#
Ko atandiäXdiMtioa of titlet 9t ^Qtäixig is h^rewitii lrit«»£ka@d| tliia
task ir<$s^niii to bo ao»a by tlie proaipa^tiv« aditor af a taxt batad
0n what ma^ hQ oonsldarcd tbe aott raliabla aoplas«
U£i'-t_ ^^t^^.Jh.^itkf,
Tradition
- 57 -
APPEHDIX II
No bibliographer can olaim that his coapilation is compXetey
but I do hope that the following listing of extant mss» comprioes
at least the bulk of the handwrltten ooples of Bruni*8 annotated
Latin Version of the pseudo-»Aristotelian Sconoinioa preserved in
known oollections» Listed are also a fow ooples oonsidered to be
lost -* although this is a tentative assertlon •» or are reported
to have oirculated in the reoent past but oould not be looated«
Ftirther searohes should tum up some more items either in not easi*
ly accessible oollections or among the new acquisitions by librar*
les as has happened with the item IdTpnow in the possession of
The Newberry Library, which appeared on the market while I was at
work on this bibliography» Also^despite a oonsoientious effort to
spot all mss«, I might have overlooked ooples listed in catalogues
which I have seen«
Nor is my bibliography of the handwrltten copies of the Koon* "
omlcs Version by Brunl entirely without precedent* Giovanni Maria
Mazzuchelli was probably the first bibliographer to conoeive of such
t
a task In conneotlon with his listlng of all writlngs by Bruni •
He limited his effort,however,to Italian libraries,slngllng out
those at Brescia,Florence, Milan and Venice, and to the Vatlean Li-
brary. !Phe 24 Itcms clted by hlm are still in the place where he
saw them* Angelo Maria Bandini acclalmed the Mazzuchelll list as
a most dlligent revlew of the handwrltten copies of this work by
■ l ^«^ * «•'▼
Tradition
m 58 m
Barunl • for 165 /«nr« tha MM«tiob«Ill «rtoyeloi^atdi« r«»ftiifte4 tli«
»iiin«lf not the oal/»«ouro« of bitiUoi^raphieal r«f«renoes to «11
»ritin«. Of B»mi,inaluainc bi. Mamm, t»»l«ti» '. A IT«.
&ui»l»er of a&eittooripto in Addition to thos« montionod ^/ Kassuobolli
beeame knows in that p«riod throiMTl^ oatalogtieft of oolloetion« and
also throtig^ »ono^irapha on oodiooa ooRtaining ooj^ioa of tbe Bruni
veroloa but thay wore not inoorpors^tad Into a »ore txtandivd ))ibli«»
o^raphy« In 1928 Hans Baroa oxpandod on Xh% Maaauoholli »oric wjbll«
oompoalnf a naw blbllography of wrltin^a bjr Bruni fara*angod In ohron«
olo^ioatl ordor # In Mo aaaroh for himdwrltten oopl^s of Bruni
worko that would off«)r ko/a as to tbo di&to of thair origintha dO'*
scxibed in aoi&e datail 9 oopii$« of tha E^ononBioo version not oontain«
•^ in tHo Maaauobolli liftttboBidea addln^ furthar inforxations on
two m«St oltad by üasg^ohelll» Exca|;t for t^ne «anuscript in tba
0aut«?cha Staatabibllotfeok in Barlinpthe oopies inapaotad by Baron
woro in eolleotions in Floranoo and Koig^a and also in th«» Vatlean
Library« Following up th« biblio^raphioal aspoot« of th« Baron study
lAid^if Bortnlot draw attention fir^t to two oopies in Italy»on« in
th« Vatiean Library ana tha othor in tho Bibliotooa Ha&ionala at
Kaplan and than to four «annaoripta in Spainithrea in th« Bibliotaea
^^aoional at Madrid and on« in th« Bibliotooa l^nivarsitaria at Sala«'
manoafthuo broadanlng th« ipaographioal araa of bibliographioal re*
«aarüh on th« Eoono»ioa varsion ^t Fath«r Laooiib« and hi» oollabo«*
rators provlded in their invantary of »adiaval Iiatin tranalations
of «orks by Ariatotle tha daaorlption of imothor oui* of the Boo)n^ *>
i.ea vartion by Bruni in tha Biblioteoa Maoional and al^^o oorraot«>
«MMt
^a th« Bandini dasoription of on« »s» in tha l3ibliot«oa Lauransl-
ana • fha graatast »arit of thoa« rooont additions to th« Massu«»
I • 1 1 iil III illllMfl 1' t t M*^ -~^l liTI III
t ifc 1^ j — ■-
Tradition
** 59 •
efatUi Xlet eonslsts In the faet that th«y are Items not dosorlbed
in oatalogues and thus are inacoea&i^Io to a res^^archor deponding
oxciualvely on this inportant but inadäquat« sourco of l^ibliograph«
ioal Information«
Had I relied on printod or othorwiao pnblishod invantario« of
ms8. collectionstsueh as microfilnad handwrittan catalognaa or in«*'
dox oardsyoiy bibliograph/ would have ooBprlaod only about 4öit of
the itomo listed hero» It waa i&y good fortime that Profossor Kria-
toller made avallable to me in 1957 tho typeooript of the thon oom«*
pletod part of his Xtor Italietua i A Findinic List of Unoataloimed
or Inoompletely Oatalofmod Himaniatio Manuserjpta of the Renaiaaap' *'
ce in Xtalian or other Idbrariea « The firot voiu»e of It «aa pub*
liehedt in 1965 jointly by ^e Varburg Institute in London and K*J«
Brill in Leiden« Oopiea liated and deaoribed there are marked in
my blbliography by referenoe to the page in the Iter tif also liated
in a printed or otherwise publiehed souroe but insuffioiently de*
acribed there iboth the generally aeoeasible aouroe and the oorre«^
aponding page in the It^ r are mentioned* Copies which will appear
in future voltiKea of the Ijter are identified aa being derived fron
there without referenoe to the proapeotive voliwe in whioh they
will be found« Fron 1957 to 1962 Prof «Krieteller fiumiahed me with
additiona to the laaterial whioh waa preparod until thentprinarlly
fron eountriea in Central and Eaatern £urope»vhieh are ittposaible
to aacertain fro» printed aouroes and have to be looated on the
apot« Aitogether X received from the Iter data on the rea^aining
60 ^ of the maa« liated here» For hia help and hia oontinuous and
most patiently tendered advi^e at ev^ty stage of my work I owe Pro<*
fesaor Kriateller more than ean be expressed in the atrongest worda
Tradition
- 60 -
of grateful aoknowledgment«
fh» study 6f the Xttr ItaXlouai revealed to aetas it will to ptli*«'
ersya furthar Inevltalbl« abortcaslDig of eataXogues^save tor a fair
of recent vlntai^a or aoaa of tha older olatolos llke tha Bandln! oa<*
. V.
taIogue# Th^lr authors often fall to enuaerate what thay oonaldor
t ■
»inor Items or to Identlfjr taxtsf no ona will blame thon for tha lat«
ter dafloleney in Tlew of the liamanaa varlety of tha t«3tta thay hava
to oope wlth« Professor Krlsteller therofora Inspaoted codleos In
Invontarlzad collaotlona If thoy saasiad to be Inadoqtiataly dasorlbad
and thareby found Items that would othorwlsa asoapo the raadar.Thara
l8 a llmlt to thls rachaoirlngytootand the blbllographar familiär
wlth hls text will ancoimter It In an othorwlsa detalled daaorlptlon
of th« contonts of a oodax as I oxparlonood In the case of cod«S89
7
of the Blblloteoa Ünlveraltarla at Valencia • But the i&ost serlons
gap In seoondary souroe siaterlal Is the absence of Infon&atlon on
tmllsted Items In even large and qiilte well lnown oollectlons« To
my advantagOfthe Iter ylelded a good ntunber of such ooples»
From the outset|I planned to inolude In thi» blbllography Infor-
oaatlonr about what parte of the annotate d Econogloy verslon by Bru«*
nl are eontalned In eaeh eopytantlclpatlng that thls detail would
shed some llght on the ooaplex tradltlon of the text« Not inoluded
In tty blbllography are data on the eoliqpliieltlon and hlstory of Indl*»
vldual oodloes whlchyhoweveryl reported whenever the dlsousolon of
the textual tradltlon and dlffuslon of the manusorlpts oalled for
It« In asoertalnlng detalls on the coples of the Brunl text and on
the Codices I reoelved generoue help from isany sldes» fhe ^erloan
Council of liOarned Socletles lent ©e f Inanclal support for procxir-
Tradition
- 61 -
Ing Bilcrofllms of coplts that required closer study. Extensive de-^
scriptlons of coplesysometlmes of a good ntimber of them^or mere irerl*
ficatlon of the texts quoted in prlnted sonroes and valuable data
on the oodlces suoh as thelr provenance or thelr former owners or
the exact nimiber of leaves eontained in them were fumished by I1-»
brarlans and scholars in an admlrable splrit of helpfulneas» Uy
special thanlcs are due to Dr« Max Btirckhardt (Oeff entliche Biblio«»
thek der Universitaety Basel), Dr» W.O«Hassall (Holkham Hall and
Bodleian Library), Dr« H«W#Hiuit (Bodleian Library) and Hev«Dr«J08^
Lopez de Toro (Biblloteca Naoional, Madrid) for providlng me with
detalled descriptions of Items in thelr colleetlona, to Doc.Dr«
Jäarlan PelC25ar (Gdansk) for establlshlng for »e contacts outslde
hls llbrary, to Monsignor Jos^ Ruysschaert (Vioe-Prefetto,Vatlean
Library) whose magnanimous help exoeeded by far what I was entltled
to expect, to Dott, Irma Merolle Tondl (Biblloteca Medlcea Lauren-
;slana) who assisted me generonsly in so many different and nnexpect"^
ed ways so as to assure correctneas in my bibllography, and Mlle«
Jeanne Vlelliard (Institut de Hecherohe et d'Hlstoire des Textes,
Paris) who alded my work wlth her personal initiative and the as-*
ölstance of her resourceful staff • I also feel indebted to the
following llbrarlans and scholars who answered my Inqulries to an
extent beyond the call of duty? Bott. tJgo Baronoelll (Brescia),
Prof# M» Bersano Begey (Torino), Prof» Alberto Brogllo (Rovlgo),
Dt. Butzmann (Wolfenbüttel), Bott. Attillo Carosl (Biblloteca Pro-
vinclale,Viterbo), Prof« Adolfe Getto (Trento), Slg. Valentlno
Chiocchetti (Rovereto), Bott« Domenloo Corel (Arohlvlo dl Stato,
Lucca), Dott. Giuseppe Cortesl (Ravenna), Prof» Don Ireneo Daniele
(Biblloteca del Semlnarlo Vescovile, Padova), Dr »Charles J. Erma-
Tradition
- «2 -
tin^Qr (Vatloan Mloroflln Library, Saint Louis), Mrs. Irena Fabiani-
Madeyska (Gdanak), Dott» Pierina Fontana (Biblioteca Casanatens«!
Rome), Dottt Uarta Friggeri (Bibliot«oa Govemativa^Luooa) , Bott«
Gino Garosi (Siena), the late Dott* Alberto Giraldi (Biblioteca Na«>
zionale Centrale, Florenoe), Dr« Heraann M, Goldbrunner (Deutschee
Historisches Institut, Home), Dott* Ouerriera Guerrieri (Naplee), Br«
Hennig (ünlversitaetsbibliothek, Freiburg i»Br«), Dr «W »Ho ersiann (Bay-
erische Staatsbibliothek), Dr. J. Homung (Universitaetsbibliothek,
Tübingen), Dr. Wolf gang Irtenkauf (WUrttembergisohe Lande sbibliothek]^,
Dt* K&m (Badieche Landesbibliothek), Pater Aegidiue K:olb,0«S«B.
(Benediktinerabtei Ottobeuren), Br.Hans Luelfing (Deutsche Staats-
bibliothek), Dott« Berta Maracchi (Biblioteca Hiooardiana) , Rev»
Prof« Florencio Marcos (Salamanca), Dott« Lucilla Mariani (Biblio**
teca Angelica), Dott« Olga Marinelli (Perugia), Dr* Francois Maeai
(Bibliothique Royale de Belgique), Bott# übaldo Meroni (Mantova),
Dott* E.Ravalli Modoni (Biblioteca Hazionale Marciana), Dott« Biaga
Uosulli (Biblioteca Angelica), Dr« iJanfred Müller (Württeicbergische
Landesbibliothek), Mr« Wallaoe Nethery (üniversity of Southern Cali*
fomia,Los Angeles), Rev« Dr« Joseph Nowacki (Poznan), Dott« Angele
Paredl (Biblioteca Ambrosiana), Mr«H«V» Pink (Üniversity Library,
Cambridge), Dott« Olga Pinto (Home), DXm Reginald (Stiftsbibliothek
Melk), Mr«A«B«Scott (Bodleian Library), Dott« Giovanni Siiaonato
(Palermo), Dr«R«C«Smail (Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge), Sigaorina
Bianca Toschi (Arezzo), Br« Franz Ünterkircher (Oesterreichische
Nationalbibliothek), Mr« Vladiaiir Zavodsky (Prague-Strahov) and the
librarians of the Universiteitsbibliotheek, Leiden, the Biblioteca
Estense,Modena, the Biblioteca Palatina, Parma, the Biblioteca Comu-
nale,TreviöO, and the Biblioteka Uniwersytecka,WrooXaw« 'Mr« Kenneth
l» w i j w»ic i. - jw»n «
Tredition
m- 65 «•>
Freyer and Mrs» Ruth Oakley of the Paul Klapper Ilbraxy of Queen«
College deserve is/ wannest acJmowledgment of thelr help 30 freely
glven*
■ li^ll«4*H>U
Tra<3itlon • Notes
- 51 -
Ai^pendtx XI
2
GIl Gcrlttori ^Utalla ^ vol. II (Bre«cia»1763)t220T, n.l08
£
Jat£laEU§, XIX (Tlorence, 1774), 170
Bertalot,however,four;d the ^a»auohelli bibliography of th« Brunl
writlng« lea« reliable than the on« b/ ^^©hus in hia Introavction
to the Bruni iSplatolarliasrit vol»X (Flort ncö^l74l),p3i-»l - Ixirxviii«
•Forschtm/Ttn über L&onurAo Brtinl Are tlno*i 2559* •* In generali this
favorft^ble lEpression of th'' bibliograpblößl worSc of Mehu« jalght
be oorrect &nd Mehus may also b© oomi^oncled for hls refarenc«» to
non«-Itallan hundv'^ritten copi^s of woric^ by Brunl (of •hl© ovm re*
marke on tbat polnt in Me pref&ootyp^l^txxv - Ixxjcvi), Howeverp
ooncerning the Econoi?dos version (p.lx3Qcvili),h« confined hiuaeolf
to 5 copics in the Bibliotece l8"ar©nziana»also citacl by jlazzviQheh
lifto vji-iioh h€ r®l'©rr04 aa ß»«r« rfiin4oßi saß^plo$i# la bis doi^crip*»
tioa of the arrangemönt of the cocaplete text he roliedias all
bibliogr^phiirß after hiM$on ihn oelobrateci hl lexlo oopy (69) ♦
leonaygo Brunl AretinO t pp ♦223-237
* For I chuns^n ••••,^♦291« coa»Vßt#lfit# 210a,f •2l6v223 (the pB$i^
nation differs öllgbtly fro® tha one reported to rae); |#502? coii«
VIII G 45 of the Blblioteca J^^aalonalö at i^ai-les* *Zur Bibliogra-
phie • •t*»p#1865 Codices 7 6a7ff •l!59-143v, 12 692,f •lüO-119v and
13 521tf#122-129v of the Biblioteos Nacionml (the paginatlonß
were gen€roii,sly eui>plieö by Kev«,:-r« Jo;3^ Lopeis de Toro) and cod»
26ü3 of the Blblioteca Universitaria txt Salartanca»
fradltion -» Hot«»
«►■52 -
«
Aristoteles latlntm , II, 8?8,no.l205 (coö* 73?l,f a67^1T2 of ttoe
Blbliotecö i^aeional at I4adrlä)j 912fno*1319 (cod.79»lS,f*2-13v
of tbc? Biblioteea I>aiironalana)#
©^0 aote 17 of chapter III.
TRANSMISSION & DIFFUSION
Carbon Copy (III) - incomplete
I
DIFFÜSIOK AMD fRAI^SiUSSIOH OF IJJOHARÜO BIaÜI?I*S Atv^fOTASESi^D
LÄflN VEESIOK OF fS (fSEÜBO-) ABISXOTELlÄJI
J08«f Souäek
Queens Collei^e
Ansäst 1965
f
(M aid to tb« reaäor of the t/posoript)
Introductlon « The appeal of thö Version and the form
in töhich It mum known
1 -
I -PrEmjiRlsaion of the text t fron the ♦•one-book** BtSige
(1420) to tho '•two-book" atage (1430^2) 5
- 15
IX This extcnt of älffu$ion t Statlstioal coißx>arlßon« of
fl^red for mas, dlffusion oi thö Bruni Version
witli those for mss« of the medleval v<ar^ion» 16
21
III The ciroxilation of the text emong varloua »ocl^l
gxoxxpn t *rhe "Intöruäod'* public - xhe »oribea -
A# Inaityt Royaityinobllltyt |>rof«5^-slom3l»| **hu-
!♦ Clergy?
Se oul ar (|/ op e s » ear d i nal fi- # b i s? hO|j s ^
CÄ!ion$)j Regulax (members of reli-
glou» oräorWfühh^yz and moriaaterle»)
22 «^ 42
XV The attitud<3 of iinlversltj teacbers and the Is. ue
of com(^^^ ntarie» ? The bölated aocejy^tance of the
Bruni Version by scholaatic ooffiitientatorsi the
hiöiianistic alternative to the scholastlc cok-*
i^er^taryt the ö.ntholog^' of related texts
43 • 55
?'?otes to pp«l-5!5 (e«56 pages)
/^ipendix I i fhe cojjsposition or the text
i^X>en<ilx II t BibliOiPiraphy of the extant mss*
with Introductiott and iaüex
!>6
57 - 100
DIFFUSION AND TRAITSMISSION OF LEONARDO BRUNI'S ANNOTATED
LATIN VERSION OF THE (PSEUDO-) ARISTOTELIAN ECONOMICS.
Josef Soudek
Queens College
August 1963
The Economic 3 Version by Leonardo Bnini was the first and also
the most successful Renaissance Latin translation of this work on
moral philo sophy,traditionally but falsely ascribea to Aristotle.
During the greater part of the 15th Century it became well known
through a sizable number of handwritten copies and within a brief
period of time replaced the then widely acclaimed medieval Latin
Version by Durand d*Auvergne« For these reasons alone a bibliography
of the extant handwritten copies of the Bruni version would be ful-
ly justified . The present bibliography is primarily intended to
illustrate the extent of diffusion this work by Bruni enjoyed. The
establishment of this fact appears to be the more valuable as we
know so little about the public appeal of literary works in the
Renaissance. In addition,this bibliography may provide answers to
two questions related to the dissemination of Bruni *s Economics
translation. The one concems the public that so readily accepted
it and the other the transmission of the work itself which is pe-
culiar in that only about one third of the extant copies has the
entire composition while the other two thirds contain merely a part
of it.
A review of the scribes and owners of the extant handwritten
copies of Bruni *s work or,where such data are lacking,of the places
where they originated,circulated and where they were finally deposit-
ed is likely to afford some glimpses of its audience in the one
Century after its first publication (1420-1520). What exactly con-
Tradition
- 4 -
work (such as 5 and 114). Intentionally or probably intentionally
and customarily incomplete copies (groups A,B,C,E,F,H and I in the
index) add up to 39 items or about 17^ of the total number of the
extant and known manuscripts.
Among the intentionally or customarily incomplete copies there
are a good number which yield interesting clues as to the genesis
as well as to the peculiar transmission of Bruni*s work. This was
the primary objective of setting aside as special categories these
descriptive groups formed according to their textual content. How-
ever,this Classification should not be taken for more than a Sugges-
tion. No historian can possibly be certain what was in the mind of
the scribe when he penned a portion only of the entire work. Nor is
the di vi ding line between incomplete and fragmentary copies always
as clear cut as it may appear. It is not unreasonable to presume
that the preface to his annotated Economics version,as any preface
authored by a humanist of such fame as Bruni,would be copied for the
sake of style and content. Of one copy (63) of the preface we know
that it was written to honor the memory of Cosimo de' Medici to v/hom
the annotated Version was dedicated. But there is no assurance that
this was necessarily so with the other handwritten copies of the
preface known to us. Manuscript research ought not to be predicated
on a rationality of human activities that we know to be absent from
observed reality.
Tradition
- 10 -
library of a classicist at the Leiden University. The script ap-
pears to be that of a professional scribe and the initial wlth
rieh ornamentation in the margin on the first page would point to
Florence as the place of origin« The other ms. (99) is cod.A.IV.
16, f. 65-87 of the Biblioteca Comunale at Mantova ,written on
paper in the late 15th Century and by the middle of the 18th Cen-
tury still circulating among Italian collectors«
Another variant of "one book" copies contains the preface
and book I only,but not the commentary on book I. Whether these
mss# are in any way related to the handwritten copies of the first
Segment of Bruni's annotated version is hard to teil
12
But it
is not unthinkable that they may have branched out from these cop-
ies. At any rate,some scribes have added notes at the end of their
texts which are worth considering. Only three of them are dated.
The oldest of them (20) is a very beautiful copy in a celebrated
English collectors* item# This codex was until 1957 a part of the
collection of C.W.Dyson Perrins and came then through public auc-
tion in the possession of an unknown private owner. While still
l"?
in the Perrins collection, the ms. was cod. 64, f .199-205 . It was
written by a Gaspar Garimberto at Milan, a professional scribe, for
Giovanni Amerino,auditor of Francesco Sforza, and completed on May
27,1451. About 13 years later,in or before 1464, the scholarly Bo-
hemian nobleman Johannes von (de) Rabenstein, a friend of Enea Sil-
vio Piccolomini,copied the same two parts of Bruni*s version at
Pavia where he had temporarily retired to esc^pe the religious and
political tribulations in his native country. The ms. (2) is now
Tradition
- 11 -
cod. 145 (Cpl. [454.bJ 59),f.62-65v of the Stiftsbibliothek
Schlaegl in Upper Austria . Three other copies from imknown
hands are notable on accoiuit of the title s or notes at the end of
the text. One (5) is the ms. cod.Vindob.3420 [Philos.240] ,f .124-
125v of the Oesterreichische Nationalbibliothek at Vienna
15
It
was probably penned after 1460 in Central Italy,possibly in Siena.
At the end of the text one reads: "Explicit oeconomicortun liber
Aristotelis primus Latinitati redditus et perfectus est,non enim
plures quam unum scripsit*. This remark seems to indicate that
some scholars at the middle of the 15th Century had their doubts
about the ascription to Aristotle of the medieval and modern books
II and III (the liber secundus of Bruni) . The copy (187) in the
MS. 78.1,f .72V-79 of The Newberry Library at Chicago "^^jwritten
in Italy in the 15th Century, bears the laconic suprascription?
"Leonardi Arhetini interpretatio Aristotelis opusculi de re fami-
liari ad Cosmum de medicis f lorentinum** . At the end of the ms. cod.
2828 [lat.l512],f .147v-158v of the Biblioteca Universitaria at Bo-
17
logna (61) 'in which book I is suprascribed with "Incipit tracta-
tus*», one reads: ♦•L.A.ICHONOMICE. ARISTOTELIS. TRANSLATIO FINIT.
FELICITER."
So much for the "one book" manuscripts. Those containing the
first Segment of Bruni *s annotated Version appear to be accidental
copies of that portion, penned by Antonio di Mario and completed by
him on March 14,1420, while those containing the preface and book
I only may reflect a tradition of critical scholarship. More cor-
roborating evidence and closer study of the texts would be required
Tradition
- 13 -
from 1425. There is a slight although interesting difference be-
tween the two dated mss.,in that in the one the commentaries fol-
low each book while in the other the commentaries, in medieval fash-
ion,are written in the margins around the versions of the respec-
tive books. The first (198) is the ms. cod. Vat.lat. 3347, f.38v-56v
18
, written by a Franciscus Beninus de Redolfini who completed it
on May 25,1425. He sold it,bound together with a copy from his hand|
of Plato's Grorgias in the translation by Bruni,to the famous Greek
scribe N.Scyllacius. The other old ms. (26) is cod. 29 438 [MS.Add.
19
C. 264 J,f •107-119 of the Bodleian Library ^, written by Joannes de
Manasseis de Interamna at Florence in 1425. We find the arrangement
of the text by Franciscus de Redolfini in five other mss. from varij
ous times in the 15 th Century and the arrangement by Joannes de
Manasseis in three other handwritten copies. One printed edition
of the entire annotated Economic s Version by Bruni which appeared
20
at Siena in 1508 was also based on a copy of this kind. The edi-
tor,Bartholomaeus de Lombardia from Sybaris,persuaded the well-
known printer-publisher Simon Nardi to make this edition so as ••to
preserve the work by Bruni f or posterity" • Editor and printer pre-
tended to be not aware or perhaps were really not cognizant of the
fact that by this time the Bruni Version had been printed two dozenj
times and half a dozen times with the commentary,mostly in widely
circulating editions of Aristotle's Collected Works in Latin trans-l
lations,unless they meant to preserve the text in this indeed rare
and never before or afterward printed layout.
The other two forms of copies - the one containing the pre-
face,book I and JJ,followed by the comüDaentaries on both books, and
Tradition
- 22 -
III
•» ... For as health is the aim of the art of medicine,so is
wealth the aim of the art of household management. Wealth is useful
indeed as it provides those who possess it with distinction as well
as the ability to practice virtue ...*» ^. These are the objectives
of that part of practical philosophy that concerns itself with £con -
omics (res familiaris or oeconoxnica) ,explains Bruni in his dedica-
tory epistle to Cosimo de* Medici in reply to the rhetorical questioi
he had before directed to his patron. " ... For on government to
whom eise can advise he given on its hetter conduct but to one who
may be charged with its conduct ? And on the administration of the
household again,to whom eise but to one who may own ample means and
increases them by conserving them with praise as well as by enlarg-
ing them with dignity ?
n 30
This is the way in which Bruni, the scholar and man of public af-
fairs,looked at that "little book *• (libellus) by Aristotle and the
translation of which he dedicated to a man of wealth and culture who
could afford to practice virtue and,as he assured him (and us), man-
aged his riches in a praisworthy fashion and enlarged them with hon-
esty. To make the reading of the book easier for his patron, he also
added to his Version ^•an explanation of the more obscure passages"
31
There might be more truthfulness in this dedicatory epistle as
to why the translation was dedicated to this man in particular and
Tradition
- 25 -
and owned by him (90). It is one of a group of copies (group E in
the index) from the hands of scholars who were primarily interest-
ed in Bnini's version of the spurious Aristotelian text, The Bres-
cian nobleman Bartolomeus de Ganasonibus who penned a one-book copy
(62! 1439) was probably a scholar and so was certainly Pietro Paolo
of Anconafthe disciple of Ciriaco of Ancona who rendered a Latin
Version of the sp endo -Aristotelian De Virtutibus -^ . The Bohemian
nobleman Johannes von (de) Rabenstein who copied for himself the
preface and book I at Pavia in or before 1464 (2) was both a schol-
ar and coizrtier. Two of the f inest copies were penned by Spanish
scholars and professional scribes: the one (167« 1461) by Antonio
de Lebrija (Antonius de Lebrixa) and the other (153t 1464) by Anto-
nio de Morales« Some copies by otherwise unknown non-Italian cler-
ics and scholars will be discussed in other contexts as significant
for peculiarities in the transmission of the Briini version.
With a few exceptions,all handwritten copies are of Italian
provenance. The few exceptions - thus far airioimting to 15,but some
more may be established as such - are mss. originating in Spain,
Switzerland,Belgiuin,Gennany and Poland. They are of interest be-
cause they give us an inkling of how and when Bruni's version be-
came known outside his native coTintry in the wake of the spreading
humanistic movement. Four of the better items were copied in Spain
by professional scribes; in addition to the two just mentioned ther<
is one by a Gundisalvus de Oviedo (169). The earliest was the work
by Antonio de Lebrija who did it in 1461. The printing press in
Spain took over from the scribes in c. 1475-77 when Lambert Palmart
in Valencia brought an exquisite print (GW 2370) on the market.
Tradition
- 28 -
Aristotelian writings on moral philosophy. King Charles V,a patron
of the sciencesjhad Nicole Oresme translate in 1371-74 the Ethics ,
Economic s and Politics into French so that he and his courtiers
would be better acquainted with these works. Oresme rendered his
French version of the Economic s from the Latin translation by Doiran«
d'Auvergne and also added to his translation a commentary in the
form of glosses,in some respects resembling the annotations by
Bnmi on his own version. In 1374 a magnificent dedication copy
39
with colored miniatures was handed to the king ^^. While still at
work, Oresme received a letter from his royal patron in which he
Said: "Nous faisons translater h nostre bien aim^ le doyen de
Rouen,maistre Nicolle Oresme, deux livres,lesquieux sont trfes neces-
saires et pour cause, c'est assevoir Polithiques et Yconomiq.ues ••
* 40
•• «and for which he detailed the needed financial support.
More than two centuries later king Henry IV of France acquired for
his private collection a copy of Bruni's Latin version of the Econ -
omics that,through various intermediaries,came from the library of
king Ferrante of Aragon in Naples and was indeed a copy worthy of
royalty. It is now the ms. cod. lat. 6310, f .111-117 of the Biblio-
thfeque Nationale (29) • We have no way to ascertain how much at-
tention Henry IV paid to this work and to the translation by Bruni,
but we do know that Ferrante of Aragon treasured it as a piece of
great personal concem. His father,Alfonso "the Magnificent", was
as much attracted to this supposed treatise by Aristotle as to the
Version by Brimi. In fact, Bruni sent a copy of his translation to
42
Alfonso with a personal letter and Alfonso expressed his appre-
ciation for this gilt and also his sentiments about the Aristoteli-
an Politics and Economics in two extant letters
43
The interest
Tradition
- 30 -
CO da Montefeltro,Dxike of ürbino,now in the Vatican Library (215,
216,217); one (217),containing the entire annotated translation,
was bound separately '. Also three copies are traceable to the
collection of the Farnese fainily,the dixkes of Parma; they (112,113,
4-8
114) are now in the Biblioteca Nazionale at Naples . It is hard
to imagine that the scholarly card.Alessandro Farnese, the later
Pope Paul III (1468-1549) with his passion for manuscripts and hu*
manistic Aristotle studies - as pope he patronized the Jewish Schol-
ar Jacob Mantino from Tortosa,his personal physician,and had him
translate in 1539 the Averroes paraphrase of Plato*s Re public -
should have not been acquainted with these mss. of Bruni's Economics
Version. The Marquis Gian Ludovico Pallavicini (1425-1488), Lord of
Cortemaggiore near Milan and then dependent on the Sforzas,had a
copyist penn the Aristotle translations by Bruni with the Economics
(107) in the last place. This paper codex is now in the Biblioteca
Ambrosiana.
The Renaissance Italian merchant princes had of course their
share of copies. In Piero de* Medici's library were two, separately
bound, the celebrated di Mario ms. (69) and another with the entire
annotated Version (71) in the later arrangement which became so pop-
ulär after the late 1430 's or in the early 1440*s. The family lib-
rary contained also a very beautifully written and richly adorned
ms. of the version with preface (72), bound together with the Poli-
tics translation by Brxrni. A fourth manuscript is particularly in-
teresting; it is a copy of the preface (63). As a rule,we do not
Jmow whether the preface alone was copied on purpose or whether the
extant ms. is part of a once complete or to be completed copy. Here
Tradition
- 31 -
we do have evidence that no more than the pref ace of this work by
Bruni was intended to "be reproduced. It is a neatly written copy
boxind together with other literary compositions in one of the Codi-
ces known as the Collectiones Cosmianae ^ Bartoloimneo Scala,a one-
time chancellor of Florence,huinanist and member of the Ficino circle
collected some time between 1464 and 1469 dociiments honoring the
memory of the deceased Cosimo. Besides letters of sympathy upon the
death of Cosimo, the collection includes honorary decrees and poems
on Cosimo and also letters, poems and prefaces addressed to him. The
4.0
collection was dedicated to Lorenzo ^. V/ealthy friends and business
associates of the Medicis and also their rivals,like them bankers
and patrons of the arts,and patrician f amilies in and outside Flor-
ence had,among other copies of Bruni writings,also one of the Econ -
omics translation. Francesco Sassetti,a member of a leading Florence
family of bankers and also an associate of the Ficino circle, pos-
sessed an elegantly written and richly ornamented copy (66),bound
together with the Ethics translation by Argyropulos and the Isa^o^i -
con by Bruni. In the collection of the cid Florentine Pucci family
was a copy (84),but it is not certain whether the codex containing
it may not have been acquired after the 15th Century. The Roman
bankers Chigi,financiers of Pope Leo X and associated with the Ro-
man branch of the Lüedici bank in business ventures,had in their
library a codex, now in the Vatican Library, with three works by Bru-
ni, one (206) of them the entire annotated Economics version. A nice-
ly written copy (144),illuminated with Initials and bound together
with the Bnml translation of the Ethics , was in the possession of
the Venetian patrician family Loredan; the statesman and military
Tradition
- 32 -
Commander Pietro Loredano was the father-in-law of Francesco Bar-
baro«
Professional men with academic training in law and medicine -
administrators,notaries,lawyers, physicians - were important and sig-
nificant partisans of the humanistic movement and of non-academic
studies of Aristotelian moral philosophy. Some of them could afford
to own handwritten books,but not a collection which would be handed
down from one generation to the next» Ordinarily,their books would
be sold by their heirs or would be donated to a convent in the hope
that this good deed were to be rewarded in the here-after. As splen-
did a copy as the ms. (20) of the preface and book I, penned on
parchment by a professional scribe and profusely illuminated,as the
one written in Milan in 1451 could be owned only by a Giovanni Amer-
ino,doctor of civil and canon law and auditor of Francesco Sforza«
A man of similar background and in comparable position, Nicolaus de
ArcembaldiSfdoctor of civil and canon law and auditor (intratarum
ducalium exactor) for the dukes of Parma possessed a parchment codex
with the Ethics and Economics (105) translations by Bruni copied
for him. A codex containing a large number of works by Bruni, among
them the Economics version with commentary (32), written on paper,
was sold by the Florentine notary Grisus for 5 papal ducats and was
subsequently in the possession of various owners in Ferrara« A vol-
ume of humanistic texts,one a fragment of Bruni 's dedicatory epis-
tle to Cosimo de' Medici (202), all written on paper, belonged at one
time to a Joannes Franciscus,annualis advocatus,at Venice. It was
a Bolognese physician by name of Gregorio Malisardi who owned and
eventually gave to a father Canneti a codex with the Ethics and
Tradition
- 53 -
Economics versions ty Bnmi,the latter with the commentary (123),
both written on paper. Two Swiss copies of the annotated Economics
Version are particularly helpful in answering our guestion as to
copies owned by Professionals» The older one (186) was one of the
copies of the three Aristotle translations by Bruni,penned on paper
in 1464, and bound with the other two in one volume. It belonged to a
magister Johann Gaudenhemer; he presented it to the Carmelite monas-
tery on the Zurichberg. The entry by a monk on the bottom of the
first page,re cor ding this gift, dosest "Oretur pro eo". The later
copy (182) was bought in Basel for 1 fl. by a Berchthold Kirsseman
from Horw who was matriculated at the University of Basel in 1471»
Subsequently it was acquired by a Ludwig Moser from Rheinfeld in
Zürich, a "prothonotarius" and later a Carthusian monk; he donated
it to the Carthusian monastery at Basel, Its prior recording that
the codex was given to the Carthusian monks by their brother ends
••• pro suisque oretur in caritate"
50
Scholars of humanist orientation were of course each others
Sl
most attentive and appreciative audience -^ . As already mentioned,
at least^
Ficino owned/ Ion© copy of the Bruni version (90). Angelo Poliziano
also possessed a copy (79) with his notes in the margins. It is now
öomblnedrether with a copy of the Ethics translation by Bruni with
corrections and notes, based on lectures by Poliziano in 1491 and
CO
1492,added in the margins by an Augustinus Terriculus . Poliziano
lectured on the Ethics in the Florentine studio at that time and
lectu re t Oy
had earlier written an c inrt ro duclb oory /TEe' nETOic s under the title *Pan-
epistemon* which was first printed in ca. 1485 at Rome (Reichling
290). Giannozzo Manetti who was distinguished by great though recent
Tradition
- 34 -
wealth and scholarship - he rendered new Latin translations of the
three Aristotelian Ethics ^^ - owned a parchment codex with the
Bruni translations of the Sconomics (212) and Politics « An interest-
ing early copy (198) of the entire Economic s version,penned in 1425,
belonged to the scholarly and professional scribe N.Scyllacius who
bought it from the copyist. The Pisa nobleman and classical scholar,
Ser Piero Roncione,had in his collection one copy of the Brtmi trans-
54
lation with the preface and another of the commentary (97,121) .
The social classes we have met so far as the public audience of
Bruni is what we would expect. But the broad and fairly rapid dif-
fusion of the first humanistic version of the Sconomics is,to a high
degree,attributable to the clergy. Regulär and lay clerics of all
ranks,mostly those in Italy,Spain and later in German speaking coun-
tries ,were intent on studying this pseudo-Aristotelian work in its
humanistic garb. In the 15th Century the Economic s was an integral
part of Aristotelian moral philosophy and held a third place in this
Segment of the curriculum in saecular and clerical institutions of
higher learning. Furthermore,it must be kept in mind that the higher
ranking members of the clergy were scholars and very erudite members
of the Upper classes who patronized the humanists and they shared
with their f amilies and friends literary tastes and preferences.
What appears,on first blush,to be somewhat surprising is the fact
that clerics should have had no qualm about the author of this
humanistic version. In recent years experts on scholasticism and
Partisans of this philosophical movement made much of the contro-
versy between Leonardo Bruni and Alphonsus Burgensis,the bishop of
T"
Tradition
- 35 -
Cartagena,about the merits of the medieval Latin Ethics version by
Robert Grosseteste. This feud,on the part of the defenders of Gros-
55
seteste,apparently carried on until the late 15th centtiry ^ . It
is easy to show that Bruni met with as much resistance to the über«
ties he took in his Ethics translation in the camp of humanists as
in the opposite camp» I have mentioned already Manetti who sought
to avoid the pitfalls of Bruni 's translations in a new version
which,however,remained unprinted and therefore could not rival as
successfully with the illstarred venture of Bruni as the translatioi
by Argyropulos,done on the request of Lorenzo de* Medici in respon-
56
se to humanistic criticism
The attitude of the hmnanistically
oriented general public toward the Bruni translation in comparison
with the one by Argyropulos remained evenly split between 1495 and
57
1535 when eventually the later humanistic version won out .As
far as the clerics in the 15th Century are concemed - if one can
engage in any generalization -,it seems that they considered,as
much as the saecular scholars of humanistic orientation,the cele-
brated •♦controversia Alphonsina" as a Singular instance which did
not prejudice their evaluation of other translations by Bruni.
Among members of the highe st and higher Catholic hierarchy
we find two popes who, not by accident,owned copies of Bruni 's Econ -
omic s Version. The one was Nicholas V (1447-1451) fhimself a human-
ist Scholar with a passionate concem for the moral philosophy of
Aristotle and still better Latin versions of his writings than ex-
isted in his time. It was on his behalf that Gregorio Tifemate
rendered a new translation of the Eudemian Ethics translated before
by Giannozzo Manetti. His intimate acquaintance with Bruni* s Aris-
Tradition
- 42 -
was the work of the Scottish scholar William (Gilbertus) Crab,a
Carmelite friar,who was active in Paris and Bordeaux; more will be
Said about him in a later context.
Tradition
- 44 -
commentaries on the first book . It is symptomatic that the li-
braries of universities known for Aristotle studies in the 15th
centiiry like Paris, Padua or Bologna have no copy of the Bmni Ver-
sion from that time or from the collection of a faculty member.
However,this resistance to humanistic Latin translations of
Aristotelian works on moral philosophy began to weaken in the late
1480 's. We can observe this change first in the teaching practices
on the College level,then in the printed editions of the Collected
Works of Aristotle in Latin translations and finally in the commen-
tary literature related to the Aristotelian corpus morale.
One Center of this movement in favor of humanistic Aristotle
translations were the Colleges in Paris. In 1486 a professor at the
College de Laon, Odon Charlier, had a scribe copy for him the Econ-
ogiics Version by Bruni (42) besides the Ethics translation and the
Isagogicon ; the codex containing these copies is now in the library
of the University of Paris. More famous for its humanistic tenden-
cies was the College de Cardinal Lemoine where Jacques Lef^vre
d*Etaples in the late 1480 's and early 1490 's taught Aristotelian
moral philosophy from the Bruni texts. A few years later he edited
them for the press and accompanied them with his own humanistic and
quasi-humanistic commentaries ' . While the Sorbonne remained ada-
mant in its Opposition to humanistic texts and methods of interpre-
tation,faculty members of and scholars trained at other universi-
ties less outstanding in the cultivation of Aristotelian moral phi-
losophy than the University of Paris began to take interest in hu-
manistic Latin Aristotle translations. The Ethics commentary based
on the Brimi Version by the professor at the University of Sala-
Tradition
- 46 -
rangements (GW 2337 and 2338). This luxurious parchment edition
was not reissued. When his disciple Agostino Nifo in 1495 prepared
a new edition of the Averroes commentaries with the texts of the
Aristotelian writings,these texts were hiunanistic Latin transla-
tions. In the second part of the second tome,printed on 26 April
1496 by the brothers de Gregoriis for the publisher Octavianus
Scotus (GW 2340), the Economic s appeared in the Version by Bruni
and,since there is no Averroes cominentary on the Economics ,with
the commentary by Bruni. What might have induced the editor and
publisher to make this change was the fact that six years before
the Venice printer-publisher Bernardinus Stagninus had put on the
market, with obvious success,a collection of Aristotelian works in
humanistic translations (GW 2339). In the same year in which the
de Gregoriis brothers finished their part in the Nifo edition they
began printing for the publisher Benedictus Fontana another col-
lection of Aristotelian texts in humanistic versions (GW 2341) in
which the Economics appeared in the translation by Bruni but with-
out the commentary. The tide had tumed.
A similar tendency is visible in the commentary literature.
At the commencement of the last decade of the 15 th Century, in c.
1491, the Cologne printer-publisher Heinrich Quentell brought out
the Economics in the translation by Durand (GW 2431) with the scho-
lastic commentary by Johannes Versor,a magister of the Sorbonne
76
and a scholar of Thomistic orientation . It was the first scho-
lastic Economics commentary to appear in print. The second one,
composed by the Augustinian monk Francesco Dionigi dei Roberti
(Dionysius de Burgo S.Sepulchri,d. 1342), was also based on the
Durand Version, but was print ed next to the Bruni Version by Hein-
■ ->-jw nwv-*^
Tradition
- 47 -
rieh Mayer at Toulouse in c.1495 (GW 2436). One year later the
publisher Guillen at Pamplona put on the market a print of the
Bruni Version with the commentary by the Franciscan monk Pedro de
77
Castrovol based on it (Hain-Copinger 4654) .In the early years
of the 16 th Century there were three Economics commentaries on the
translation by Bruni published,the one by Jacques Lef^vre in a hu-
manistic fashion and two others in the scholastic traditicn. Of
these two commentaries one is from the penn of the Scottish scholar
and Canrielite friar William (Gilbertus) Crab,then a professor at
the College de Bourgogne in Paris. His coniinentary,published at an
unknown date by Jean Petit at Paris, has apparently as its text the
Lef^vre edition of the humanistic Latin translations of the Econ -
omics , books I and III rendered into Latin by Bruni and book II by
an anonymous author. Grab composed his commentary in the Nominalist
tradition with which he identified himself in his edition of the
78
Ethics conimentaries by John Buridan and Martin Lemaistre . The
other scholastic Economics commentary was the v^ork of Virgilius
Wellendorf er, a magister of theology and philosophy of the Univer-
sity of Leipzig and a professor of both sub,jects at his alma mater.
His highly stylized commentary, published by Wolfgang Stoeckel at
Leipzig in 1511, was patterned after the Aristotle commentaries by
^^alther Burley; it was written in form of conclusions reached in
the treatment of each passage of the Aristotelian text. The method
of commenting chosen by Wellendorfer was in tune with the Thomist-
ic orientation of the arts faculty at the Leipzig University which
prevailed until the humanistic reform of 1519 .
These facts about the struggle between humanistic and scholas-
Tradition
- 47 -
rieh Mayer at Toulouse in c.1495 (GW 2436). One year later the
publisher Guillen at Pamplona put on the market a print of the
Bruni Version with the commentary by the Pranciscan monk Pedro de
77
Castrovol based on it (Hain-Copinger 4654) .In the early years
of the I6th Century three commentaries on the Bruni translation
of the Economics were published,the one by Jacques Leffevre in a
humanistic fashion and two others in the scholastic tradition. Of
these two commentaries one is from the pen of the Scottish scholar
and Cannelite friar Gilbert Grab,then a professor at the College
de Bourgogne in Paris. His commentary, published at an unknown date
by Jean Petit at Paris, has as its text the Bruni Version of the
Economics . To the two books translated by Bruni he added without
commentary a humanistic Version of the genuine book II of this
pseudo-Aristotelian work which Durand d'Auvergne and Bruni failed
to translate; the author of this humanistic version or perhaps hu-
manstic adaptation of the medieval translation is still unknown.
Grab composed his commentary in the Nominalist tradition with which
he identified himself in his edition of the Ethics commentaries by
78
John Buridan and Martin Lemaistre
The other scholastic Econ-
omics commentary was the work of Virgilius Wellendorf er, a magister
of theology and philosophy of the üniversity of Leipzig and a pro-
fessor of both subjects at his alma mater. His highly stylized com-
mentary, published by Wolf gang Stoeckel at Leipzig in 1511, was pat-
terned after the Aristotle commentaries by Walther Burley; it was
written in form of conclusions reached in the treatment of each
passage of the Aristotelian text. The method of commenting chosen
by Wellendorfer was in tune with the Thomistic orientation of the
arts faculty at the Leipzig üniversity which prevailed until the
Tradition
- 47a -
humanistic reforin of 1519
79
These facts about the struggle between humanistic and scholas-
IfiONARDO BRÜNI AND HIS PUBLIC
Diffusion and Transmission of Leonardo Bruni's Annotated
Latin Version of the (Pseudo-) Aristotelian Economics.
Josef Soudek
Queens College
August 1965
The Economics Version "by Leonardo Bruni was the first and also
the most successful fienaissance Latin translation of this work on
moral philosophy,traditionally but falsely ascribed to Aristotle,
During the greater part of the 15th Century it became well known
through a sizable number of handwritten copies and within a brief
period of time replaced the medieval Latin version by Durand d'Au-
vergne which was then still widely acclaimed. For these reasons
alone a bibliography of the extant handwritten copies of the Bruni
Version would be fully justified . The present bibliography is
primarily intended to illustrate the extensive diffusion this work
by Bruni enjoyed. To establish this fact appears to be the more
valuable as we know so little about the public appeal of literary
works in the Renaissance. In addition,this bibliography may provide
answers to two questions related to the dissemination of Bruni 's
Economics translation. The one concerns the public that so readily
accepted it and the other the transmission of the work itself which
is peculiar in that only about one third of the extant copies has
the entire composition while the other two thirds contain merely
a part^of it.
A review of the scribes and owners of the extant handwritten
copies of Bruni *s work or^wh^xe-Öuch data are lacka^g,of the places
where they originated,where they circulated and where they were
finaliy deposited is likely to afford some glimpses of its audience
in the one Century after its first dir<Julation (1420-1520). What
exactly con-
Tradition - Notes
Appendix II
- 31 -
Gli Scrittori d'Italia , vol. II (Brescia, 1763), 2207, n. 108
Catalogus , III (Florence, 1774), 170
Bertalot,however,foimd the Mazzuchelli bibliography of the Bruni
writings less reliable than the one by Mehus in his introduction
to the Bruni Epistolariiim,vol.I (1741), pp.i - Ixxxviii. *Forsch-
ungen über Leonardo Brimi Aretino* ,p»299
Leonardo Bruni Are tino ,pp .228-237
♦Forschungen ..••,p.291t cod.Vat.lat. 2108,f .2l6v-225 (the pagi-
nation differs slightly from the one reported to me); p.3022 cod.
VIII G 45 of the Biblioteca Nazionale at Naples. 'Zur Bibliogra-
phie ...'ip.ise: Codices 7 687,f .139-145v, 12 692,f .100-119v and
13 521,f .122-129V of the Biblioteca Nacional (the paginations
were generously supplied by Rev.Dr.Jos^ Lopez de Toro) and cod.
2603 of the Biblioteca Universitaria at Salamanca.
Aristoteles Latinus ,II. 838, no. 1203 (cod. 7321, f .167-172 of the
Biblioteca Nacional at Madrid); 912, no. 1319 (cod.79.18,f .2-13v
of the Biblioteca Laurenziana) .
see note 45
Tradition - Notes
- 2 -
8
nideUrbe. I (Rome, 1893) ,424
I found this manuscript in the typescript of Professor P.O.Kris-
t
teller's Iter Italicum . Dott.ssa Guerriera Guerriri,director of
the Biblioteca Nazionale at Naples,provided me kindly with a micr».
film of the ms. and a description of the parchment codex which at
one time belonged to the Farnese collection.
A.Beltrami,** Index codic-um classicoriim latinomm qui in bybliotheca
Queriniana Brixiensis adservantur" , Studi Italiani di Filologia
Classica, XIV (1906) ,49, no. 15. Dott.ügo Baroncelli, director of the
Biblioteca Civica Queriniana,v;£s good enough to furnish me with
a microfilm of the ms. and to add some valuable informations about
the codex and the scribe to the description by Beltrami.
The codex and the Economics ms. are described in great detail by
Ludv/ig Bertalot, *üno zibaldone poetico umanisticho del Quattrocen-
to a Praga», La Bibliofilia , 26 (Florence, 1925) ,59-66, 134-144, esp
65-66. lirir. Vladimir Zavodsky of the Strahov library (Pamatnik na-
rodniho pi.semnictvi.,Strahovska knihovna) made kindly a microfilm
of the ms. available to me.
L.Delisle, *Inventaire des manuscrits conserves a la Bibliothfeque
Imperiale sous les Nos. 8823-11503 du fonds latin*, Bibliothfegue
de l*Ecole des Chartes , vol. 24 (1863), 221. Mlle. Jeanne Vielliard,
director of the Institut de Recherches et d'Histoire des Textes,
provided me generously with a detailed description of this codex.
Tradition - Rotes
- 3 -
10
11
12
13
14
Eibliotheca Universitatis Leidensis . Codices manuscripti * Vol.
IV (by T.P.Sevensina,1946), 71-72. The librarians of the Biblio-
theek der Rijksuniversiteit Leiden helped ne in studying this
ms. through a loan of a microfilm of it and through searching
for all available data on the history of this codex.
G.Benelli, 'Cenno storico della R.Biblioteca di Kantova* , Giomalel
delle Eiblioteche , III (1869) ,31, no. 110. Prof .Kristeller verified|
the text and Dott.Ubaldo L^eroni,director of the Biblioteca Comu-
nale at IvIantova,informed me kindly ab out some details of the
codex and of the Sconomics ms.,besides making available to me a
microfilm of the lattcr.
In my paper on * The Genesis and Tradition of Leonardo Bruni's
Annotated Latin Version of the (Pseudo-)Aristotelian Sconomics * ,
Scriptoriiim ,XII>2 (December, 1958) ,260-268 in vjhich I reviewed
the hypothesis of Baron on the tv;o stage genesis of the Bruni
Version and supplied som^e ms. evidence in support of his thesis,
I listed five samples (2,3,5,61,223) of this variant of "one
book" copies,thus confusing the genuine copies of the first stage|
Segment of Bruni's composition,containing the preface,book I and
the commentary on it,v;ith this group of copies.
G . ?/arne r , Descriptive Catalogue of Illuminated Manuscripts in the
Library of G.W.Dyson Perrins , I (Oxford, 1920) ,164-165, II (ibid.)|
67 with plate.
G. Vielhaber and G.Indra, Catalogus codicum Plagensium (Cpl.) manu -
Tradition - Notes
- 5 -
19
20
21
22
the end of the ms. enabled me to iinderstand the history of this
important early copy of Bruni's version«
F.LIadan,H.H.E.Craster and IT.Denholm-Youn^, A Sun-jnary Catalogue
of v7estem Manuscripts in the Eodleian Library at Oxford . . .,
V (1905), 623. Dr.R.W.Hunt,keeper of the Y/estern manuscripts of
the Bodleian Library, made kindly a microfilm of the copy avail-
able to me.
This printed edition,completed on February l,1508,may be found
in the British Museum; one copy is listed in the Gesamtkatalog
der Deutschen Bibliotheken (DK G.SS83) and a copy each is in the
Columbia Üniversity Library and in the Library of the University
of Pennsylvanaia (Riley,no.l36) . It is a fair copy of a text re-
sembling the one penned by Joannes de Manasseis. Besides this
edition,there are about half a dozen prints which,in fact,are
printed editions of manuscripts. Among them is the first known
print of the Bruni version v/ithout the commentary,done by Johann
Mentelin at Strasbourg and completed before April 10,1469 (GW
2367), and the first print of the version with the con'imentary,
put out in C.1470 by Christoph Valdarfer at Venice (CT 2435).
H.Baron, ibid., p. 232 describes this codex; the Sconomics text
v/as kindly verified by Dott.ssa Olga Pinto, director of the Centro
Nazionale di Informazioni Bibliografiche at the Biblioteca Nazio-
nale Centrale at Rome.
A.Cam.pagna, 'Giannozzo Lianetti,Ciriaco e l»arco di Traiano ad
AnconaS ^iediaevalia et Hum.anistica ,II (1959) ,490-491 holds that
Tradition - Kotes
- 8 -
28
depending on which one of these two versions was prevalent in
the conflated texts. Dubious texts were eliminated as far as
is possible at the present stage of imowXedge. Thus,I counted
15 copies of the translatio vetus and 72 oopies of the recenslo
Durandi , Of the 15 copies of the older translation 2 were pos-
sibly written in the I3th Century, 8 in the I4th Century and
5 in the 15th Century« Of the 72 copies of the Durand Version
2 were probably penned in the 13th centiiry, 39 in the 14 th Cen-
tury (3 of them possibly earlier) and 31 in the 15th Century
(3 of them possibly at the end of the 14 th Century). While
most copies of the older translation seem to have originated
in Italy, the Durand version was copied mainly in Grermany,
France and Italy in this order»
Professor Kristeller added one copy of the translatio vetus to
those listed in the Aristoteles Latinus ; it is cod. 5,3 D 30,
f .lOöv-llS of the Biblioteca Comunale at Macerata, an inter-
esting ms. from many points of view and also notable for its
owner, Coluccio Salutati for whom it was written. I gave a
detailed description of it in my article in Scriptorium ,p.266.
A ms. of only booic III of a Latin Economics version - cod. IV.
F.67,f .52-55V of the ßiblioteka üniwersytecka at Wroclaw - was
listed in Aristoteles Latinus « I, 761, no .1117 as unidentified;
Professor Kristeller recognized it as a copy of the Über
secundus in the version by Bruni (150).
l'radition - Notes
- 10 -
32
33
34
35
36
p.121, lines 8-lü). Di Mario refers in his copy of Bruni's
Economics version (69) at the end of the commentary on book I
to Bnini's "explanation" as ♦•cominentarium".
Politics, III, 12, 1283a, lb-17 s "There is thus good ground
for the Claims to honour and Office which are made by persona
of good descent,free birth,or wealth" (translated by Emest
Barker, The Politics of Aristotle , Oxford, 1948>p>131) and also
IV, 12, i2ybb, 17-lb> s "»By 'quality' Lof Citizens] we mean free
birth, wealth, culture, and nobility of descent" (ibid., p. 185) •
To these qualities must be added the experience of which Aris-
totle spoke in the Nikomachean iilthics (see note 3o).
Ün the public audience of humanistic literature see the essay
by F#0«Kristeller, 'Der Gelehrte und sein Publikum im spaeten
Mittelalter und in der Renaissance', Festschrift für Walther
Bulst, Heidelberg, i960, pp. 212-230, esp. 218-223, 226-228.
Gurt F. Bühler, The Fifteenth-Century Book ? The Scribes,the
Printers, the JDecorators , Philadelphia, i960, pp. 25-27 on scribes
in the second half of the 15th Century; also Kristeller, ibid.,
p.227.
B.L.tJllman, The Origin and Development of Humanistic Script .
Rome,1960, pp. 98-109.
Eugenio Garin, »Le Traduzioni Umanistiche di Aristotele nel
Secolo XV' , Atti dell^Accademia Fiorentina di Scienze Morali
"La Colombaria" . VIII (Florence, 1950) ,14-15.
Tradition - Notes
- 11 -
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
Mittelalterliche Bibliotbekskataloge Deutschlands iind der
Schweiz . I : Die Bistuemer Konstanz und Chur (by P. Lehmann),
Munich,1918, p.435.
Catalogue g^n^ral des Manuscrits des BibliothSques Publiques
de France . Departements . (Octavo Series). I (1886) ,139-140;
Augustin Renaudet, Pr^r^forme et Humanisme a Paris pendant les
premi^res guerres d'Italie (1494-1517) ^, Paris, 1953f p.l26
and note 6. Renaudet holds them to be copies by Charlier for
his own use.
Albert D-Menut (ed.) , 'Maistre Nicole Oresme: Le Livre de Ycon-
omique d'Aristote', Transactions of the American Philosophical
Society , New Series, vol. 47, part 3 (1957), 791; the copy of
^^^ Politiques - and Yconoäique v;hich Charles V carried with him
while traveling is now MS. 2904 of The Biblioth^que Royale at
Brüssels.
L •Delisle , Le Cabinet des Manuscrits de la BibliotheQoe l -Emp^ri "
ale . I (Paris, 1868), 41-42.
Gr.Mazzatinti, La Biblioteca dei Re d'Aragona in Napoli . Rocca
S.Casciano,1897, pp. 36-37, no«56; T. De Marinis, La Biblioteca
Napoletana dei Re d'Aragona# II (Milan, 1947) , 16-17.
Epistolarium,ed.Mehus (Florence,1741) ,11, pp. 130-134.
The letters are from 12 August 1440 and 12 March 1441. In cod.
828 of the Biblioteca Universitaria at Valencia which Ferrante
Tradition - Notes
- 30 -
texts written in 1441 and 1446 the Durand version is followed
first by a spurious Averroes commentary on the Economics and
then by a fragment of the pseudo-St. Bernard epistle. Cod.Ross
569 is described in Aristoteles Latinus ,IIt 1202-1205 as no.
1806 and cod.ürb.lat. 1392 by Storna.iolOt Codices Urbinates La -
tini, III (1921), 301 and in Aristoteles La tinus , 11,1210 as no.
1821.
Tradition
- 57 -
APPENDIX II
No "biblio grapher can claim that his compilation is complete,
but I do hope that the following listing of extant mss. comprises
at least the bulk of the handwritten copies of Bnini's annotated
Latin Version of the pseudo-Aristotelian Economics preserved in
known collections. Listed are also a few copies considered to be
lost - although this is a tentative assertion - or are reported
to have circulated in the recent past but could not be located»
Further searches should tum up some more items either in not easi-
ly accessible collections or among the new acquisitions by librar-
ies as has happened with the item 187, now in the possession of
The Newberry Library, which appeared on the market while I was at
work on this bibliography. Also,despite conscientious effort to
spot all mss«, I might have overlooked copies listed in catalogues
which I have seen.
Nor is my bibliography of the handwritten copies of the Econ -
omics Version by Bruni entirely without precedence« Giovanni Maria
Mazzuchelli was probably the first bibliographer to conceive of
such task in connection with his listing of all writings by Bruni
• He limited, however, his effort to Italian libraries,singling out
those at Brescia,Florence, Milan and Venice, and to the Vatican Li-
brary. The 24 items cited by him are still in the places where he
saw them. Angelo Maria Bandini acclaimed the Mazzuchelli list as
a most diligent review of the handwritten copies of this work by
Tradition
- >e a
ing microfilms of copies that required closer study. Extensive de-
scriptions of copies, sometimes of a good number of them,or mere veri-
fication of the texts quoted in printed sources and valuable data
on the Codices such as their provenance or their former owners or
the exact number of leaves contained in them were furnished by li-
brarians and scholars in an admirable spirit of helpfulness. My
special thanks are due to Dr. Max Burckhardt (Basel), Dr.W.O.Hassal
(Holkham Hall and Bodleian Library), Dr. R.W. Hunt (Bodleian Library)
and Rev.Dr.Jos^ Lopez de Toro (Bib-
Tradition
- 56 .
lioteca Nacional, Madrid) for providing me with detailed descrip«^
tions of items in their collections, to Doc.Dr.Marian Pelczar
(Gdansk) for establishing for me contacts outside his library, to
Monsignor Jose Ruysschaert (Scriptor at the Vatican Library) whose
magnanimous help exceeded by far what I was entitled to expect, to
Dott.Irma Merolle Tondi (Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana) who assist-
ed me generously in so many different and unexpected ways so as to
assure correctness in my bibliography, and Mlle.Jeanne Vielliard
(Institut des Recherches et d*Histoire des Textes, Paris) who aided
my work with her personal initiative and the assistance of her re-
sourceful staff . I also feel indebted to the following librarians
and scholars who answered my inquiries to an extent beyond the call
of duty: Dott.ügo Baroncelli (Brescia) , Prof .M.Bersano Begey (Tori-
no), Prof .Alberto Broglio (Rovigo), Dr.Butzmann (Wolfenbüttel),
Dott. Attilio Carosi (Biblioteca Provinciale,Viterbo) , Prof. Adolfe
Getto (Trento), Sig. Valentine Chiocchetti (Rovereto), Dott. Domeni-
CO Corsi (Archivio di State, Lucca) , Dott. Giuseppe Cortesi (Ravenna)
Prof. Don Ireneo Daniele (Biblioteca del Seminario Vescovile,Pado-
va) , Dr. Charles J. Ermatinger (Vatican Microfilm Library, Saint
Louis), Mrs. Irena Fabiani-Madeyska (Gdansk), Dott.Pierrina Fontana
(Biblioteca Casanatense) , Dott. Marta Friggeri (Biblioteca Governa-
tiva, Lucca), Dott.Gino Garosi (Siena), Dott .Alberto Giraldi (Bibli-
oteca Nazionale Centrale, Florence) , Dr. Hermann M.Goldbrunner (Deut-
sches Historisches Institut,Rome) , Dott. Guerriera Guerrieri (Nap-
les), Dr. Hennig (üniversitaetsbibliothek, Freiburg i.Br.), Dr.W.
Hoermann (Bayerische Staatsbibliothek), Dr.J.Hornung (üniversitaets-
bibliothek, Tübingen) , Dr.Wolfgang Irtenkauf (Württembergische Lan-
desbibliothek), Dr. Kern (Badische Landesbibliothek), Pater Aegidius
Tradition
- 59 -
Kolb,OSB (Benidiktinerabtei Ottobeuren), Dr. Hans Luelfing (Deutsche
Staatsbibliothek), Dott.Berta Maracchi (Biblioteca Riccardiana) ,
Re V.Prof •Florencio Marcos (Salamanca) , Dott.Lucilla Mariani (Biblio«
teca Angelica), Dott.Olga Marinelli (Perugia), Dr.Francois Masai
(Bibliotheque Royale de Belgique), Dott.Ubaldo Meroni (Mantova) ,
Signora E.Ravalli Modoni (Biblioteca Nazionale Marciana), Dott.Bia-
ga Mosulli (Biblioteca Angelica) , Dr. Manfred Müller (Württemb ergi-
sche Landesbibliothek), Mr.Wallace Nethery (University of Southern
California, Los Angeles), Rev. Canon and Prof .Dr .Joseph Nowacki (Poz-
nan), Dott.Angelo Paredi (Biblioteca Ambrosiana), Mr.H.V.Pink (Uni-
versity Library, Cambridge), Dott.Olga Pinto (Rome), Dr.Reginald
(Stiftsbibliothek Melk), Mr. A.B. Scott (Bodleian Library), Dott.
Giovanni Simonato (Palermo), Dr.R.C.Smail (Sidney Sussex College,
Cambridge), Signorina Bianca Toschi (Arezzo), Dr. Franz Ünterkircher
(Oesterreichische Nationalbibliothek), Mr .Vladimir Zavodsky (Prague-
Strahov) and the librarians of the Universiteitsbibliotheek, Leiden,
the Biblioteca Estense,Modena, the Biblioteca Pal atina, Parma, the
Biblioteca Comunale,Treviso, and the Biblioteka Uniwersytecka,Wroc-
law. Mr.Kenneth Freyer and Mrs.Ruth Oakley of the Queens College
Library deserve my wärmest acknowledgment of their help so freely
given •
AtL tos- W\^
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Se>fö'lir)ib
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\
%)j(^\(^
t toviöiu icS
il^l
■J:«uu<c>'-Lr'..,d^l;.i2i.. :---N.i^».f;.^A.£»«<bJL:ua*AMriMa«
irMilTI
Tradition
- 54 -
APPENDIX II
No bibliographer can claim that his compilation is complete,
but I do hope that the following listing of extant mss. comprises
at least the bulk of the handwritten copies of Bruni's annotated
Latin version of the pseudo-Aristotelian Economics preserved in
known collections. Listed are also a few copies considered to be
lost - although this is a tentative assertion - or are reported
to have circulated in the recent past but could not be located.
Further searches should turn up some more items either in not easi-
ly accessible collections or among the new acquisitions by librar-
ies as has happened with the item 187 »now in the possession of
The Newberry Library , which appeared on the market while I was at j
work on this bibliography. Also,despite conecientious effort to
spot all mss., I might have overlooked copies listed in catalogues
which I have seen.
Nor is my bibliography of the handwritten copies of the Econ -
omics Version by Bruni without precedence although none was under-
taken before that aimed at the same comprehensiveness as the pre-
sent. Giovanni Maria Mazzuchelli was probably the first bibliogra-
pher to conceive of such task in connection with his review of all
writings by Bruni . He limited, however, his effort to Italian li-
braries,singling out those at Brescia,Florence, Milan and Venice,
and to the Vatican Library. The 24 items cited by him are still
in the places where he saw them. Angelo Maria Bandini acclaimed
Tradition
- 55 -
the Mazzuchelli list as a most diligent review of the handwritten
copies of Bruni's Economios version ^. For 165 years the work by
Mazzuchelli remained the main source of bihliographical references
to all writings of Bruni,including his Economios translation. A
large niomber of manuscripts in addition to those mentioned hy Maz-
zuchelli became known in that period through catalogues of collec-
tions and also through monographs on Codices containing copies of
the Bruni version but they were not incorporated into a more exten-
sive bibliography. In 1928 Hans Baron expanded on the Mazzuchelli
work while composing a new bibliography of Bruni 's writings arrang-
ed in the chronological order of their dates of composition
In
his search for handwritten copies of works by Bruni that would of-
fer keys as to the date of their origin,he described in some detail
9 copies of the Economics version missing in the Mazzuchelli list,
besides adding further informations on two mss. cited by Mazzuchel-
li. Except for one manuscript in the Deutsche Staatsbibliothek in
Berlin, the copies inspected by Baron were in Italian libraries at
Florence and Rome and also in the Vatican Library» Following up
the bibliographical aspects of the Baron study, Ludwig Bertalot
drew attention to four manuscripts in Spain,three in the Biblioteca
Nacional at Madrid and one in the Biblioteca Universitaria at Sala-r
manca,thus broadening the geographical area of bibliographical re-
4
search on the Economics version . Father Lacombe and his collabo-
rators provided in their inventary of medieval Latin translations
of works by Aristotle the description of another ms. of the Econ -
omics Version in the Biblioteca Nacional and also corrected the
Bandini description of one ms. in the Biblioteca Laurenziana .
The greatest merit of these recent additions to the Mazzuchelli lis'
Tradition
- 56 -
consists in the fact that they are items not described in cataloguei
and thus are inaccessible to a researcher depending exclusively on
this important but inadequate source of bibliographical information,
Had I relied on printed or otherwise published inventaries of
mss# collections,such as microfilmed handwritten catalogues or in-
dex Cards, my bibliography would have comprised only about 40^ of
the items listed below. It was my good fortune that Professor Kri-
steller made available to me in 1957 the typescript of the then
completed part of his monumental Iter Italicum t A Finding List of
Uncatalofflied or Incompletely Catalogued H-umanistic Manuscripts of
the Renaissance in Italian and other Libraries * The first volume
of his work will be published in the near future in London (Warburg
Institute) and Leiden (E.J.Brill). From 1957 to 1962 he fumished
me with additions to this material, primär ily from countries in Cen-
tral and Eastern Europe,that are impossible to ascertain from print-
ed sources and have to be located on the spot. It is from this
source that I derived data on the remaining 60^ of the mss . listed
below. For his help and his continuous and most patiently tendered
advise at every stage of my work I owe Professor Kristeller more
than can be expressed in the strengest words of grateful acknowledg-
ment. The study of his Iter Italicum also revealed to me,as it will
to others,an inevitable shortcoming of catalogues, save for a few
of recent vintage or some of the old classics like Bandini 's cata-
logue of the Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana. Their authors often
fall to enumerate what they consider minor items oi* to identify
texts; no one will blame them for the latter deficiency in view of
the immense variety of the texts they have to cope with. Professor
Tradition
- 57 -
Kristeller therefore inspected Codices in inventarized collections
if they seemed to be inadequately described and thereby found items
that would otherwise escape the reader. There is a limit to this
rechecking,too,and the bibliographer familiär with his text will
encounter it in a detailed description of the contents of a codex
as I experienced with cod. 389 of the Biblioteca Universitaria at
Valencia . But the most serious gap in secondary source material
is the absence of information on unlisted items in even large and
otheinwise well known collections. To my advantage,the Iter yielded
a good number of such copies.
From the outset,I planned to include in this bibliography in-
formations about what parts of the annotated Economics version by
Bruni are contained in each copy,anticipating that this detail
would shed some light on the complex tradition of the text. Not in-
cluded in my bibliography are data on the composition and history
of individual Codices which,however,I reported whenever the discus-
sion of the textual tradition and diffusion of the manuscripts
called for it. In ascertaining details on the copies of the Bruni
text and on the Codices I received generous help from many sides.
The American Council of Learned Societies lent me financial support
for procuring microfilms of copies that required closer study. Ex-
tensive descriptions of many copies or mere verification of the
texts as described in printed sources and valuable data on the Co-
dices were fumished by librarians and scholars in an admirable
spirit of helpfulness. My special thanks are due to Dr.Max Burck-
hardt (Basel), Dr.W.O.Hassal (Holkham Hall and Bodleian Library),
Dr. R.W. Hunt (Bodleian Library) and Rev.Dr.Jos^ Lopez de Toro (Bib-
Tradition
- 18 -
the 217 copies of the Bruni version would be confronted with the
113 copies of the work by Ovid« Thus,the spurious work by Aristotle
Stands well up in a comparison with a classic such as the Me tarne r -
phoses in its appeal to a partially identical public. Had we com-
plete figures for the English chronicle Brut I presume that in a
comparison the Bruni version may still come out ahead of the ehren- 1
icle but it would not be able to outdo the success of the trave-
logue by '•Sir John Mandeville".
Finally,we may compare in some detail the diffusion of the
humanistic Economics version by Bruni with that ef the medieval
Latin translatiens . As to the latter, we can confine ourselves to
the two translatiens that actually circulated in the 13th and 14th
centuries and that were still being copied in the 15th Century, the
the older translation ( translatie vetus )of the three books by an
anonymous author,done at about 1260, and the younger translation
er revision of the older ene by Durand d'Auvergne (recensio Duran -
di),consisting of the same two books rendered inte Latin by Bruni,
done in 1295* Of these two, the work by Durand was the more populär;
27
the authors of the Aristoteles Latinus list altogether
copies of it. The total number ef mss. containing the translatie
vetus amounts to
• These figures are subject to qualif icatiens ,
resulting partly from the tradition ef the texts and partly frem
the deficiencies of every bibliegraphy,including the present. Afterj
the publication of Durand* s revision, the texts ef books I and III
in the older translation were cembined with those by Durand. These
♦♦contaminated" texts were assigned,depending on the degree to which|
the respective version prevailed,to the ene er other translation.
Tradition
- 19 -
Among the five copies of the translatio vetus penned in the 15th
Century three have the pure text of this Version, one is definitely
conflated with the Version "by Durand and the identity of one^resemb-
ling the translatio vetus , could not be sufficiently established hy
the editors at the time when their inventary went to press. Further
research will tum up copies undetected so far,detennine the nature
of the texts not yet identified and eliminate others that are Bru-
ni*s Version or derived from it. Professor Kristeller added one
copy to those of the old translation listed in the Aristoteles Lat -
inus ; it is an interesting ms. from many points of view and also
notahle for its owner,Coluccio Salutati for whom it was written.
A manuscript of only book II of a Latin Economics version (150) re-
corded in that inventary as unidentified was recognized by Professo:
28
Kristeller as the über secundus in the version by Bruni
If we further break down the totals into the numbers of mss.
penned before and after 1399 we may catch a glimpse of the rivalry
between the medieval translations and the version by Bruni. In the
course of the 15th Century 27 copies were made of the Durand versio]
in addition to the just mentioned 5 copies of the oider one. We do
know the dates of only 9 of the 27 copies of the Durand version.
One was penned while Bruni 's work was still little known (1429) and
the eight others after the translation by Bruni had gained wide cir-
culation (1441,1459,1461,1468 twice, 1472, 1474, 1488 ) . It is further-
more worth noting that 17 of the 27 copies of the Durand version
from the 15th Century were either certainly written in Germany (5)
or possibly there (1) or probably in Bohemia (1) and are now deposi"
Tradition
- 20 -
ed in German,Swis3 and Bohemian collections and that of the other
10 only one was certainly penned in Italy and the others probably
in Italy, France or Spain where they are still located. As is to "be
expected and will be shown later in detail, the Bruni version flrst
circulated and replaced the Durand version in Italy and made some
inroads in the Northern countries not before the late 1460 's and
then by way of handwritten as well as printed copies.
For a moment we may leave the saf e groimd of Statistical In-
formation and engage in a speculation by way of Statistical Inter-
polation. Prior to 1399 there were about copies of both medie-
val translations in circulation. They constitute the larger portion
of the extant mss. of the medieval Latin versions with which Bru-
ni 's rendition has had to compete. To them must be added the 11
items from the time after Bruni 's version has become better known,
i.e. after 1440, and some more copies penned after 1400 which are
not dated. If we presume that 2/3 of the known mss. of the medieval
versions from the 15th Century, or 14 copies, were written after the
work by Bruni was sufficiently familiär, then the Bruni version was
confronted with
actually circulating copies of the medieval
translations. Had Bruni not entered the scene and had the demand
for new copies by people then custoxnarily receptive to Aristotelian
moral philosophy - academicians,clerics and educated laymen - dou-
bled '^,twice as many new copies as existed by 1399 or an addition-
al copies of the medieval versions may be anticipated to have
been written within the 15th Century. Actually only 32 were produc-
ed and that leaves us with a potential demand for
copies. There'
fore,the 213 mss. of the Bruni version more than covered this de-
Tradition
- 21 -
mand*
But speculation aside,the fact remains that the copying of
the medieval translations declined in the 15th Century as compared
with the 14th Century while the total number of mss. of this Aris-
totelian work increased four times; about 5/6 of the 15th Century
copies were those of the Bruni version» It was quite a success for
a work by Bruni, but by no means spectacular as far as dissemination
of his translations and writings goes. Since there are no Statisti-
cal figures available for any of his other works,! can only summa-
rize impressions gathered in leafing through coiintless catalogues
of manuscript collections and Professor Kristeller *s Iter Italicum.
I would differentiate between three groups of works by Bruni accord-
ing to the number of handwritten copies: (1) those of which more
than 300 copies are extant,mainly translations from the Greek such
as Xenophon*s Tyrannus or St.Basil's De studiis saecularibus ; (2)
those of which 200 to 300 copies are preserved such as his transla-
tions of the £thics > Economics and Polities by Aristotle; (3) those
of which less than 100 copies are known such as his Dialogi ad Pet -
rum Paulum Histrum , De militia and other treatises of more local
interest. I thereby try to be on the conservative side and I should
not be surprised if bibliographies of his translations from Plato
and Plutarch would far exceed the 300 mark. The Economics version
would be in the lowest third of group (2) while his Ethics and Poli«
tics translations would figure in the second or first third of this
group with numbers of mss. exceeding by a good margin the amount
of copies of the annotated Economics version.
,p — p — ^,
• r r
Tradition
- 22 -
III
• .♦. Ut enim medicinae finis est sanitas,it rei familiaris
divitias finem esse constat. Sunt vero utile s divitiae,cum et or-
namento sint possidentibus et ad virtutem exercendam suppeditent
facultatem •••••. These are the precepts of that part of practical
philo sophy that concerns itself with Economics (res familiaris or
oeconomica), explains Bruni in his dedicatory epistle to Cosimo de*
Medial in reply to the rhetorical question he had hefore directed
to his patron. " ••• Cui enim rectius de gubematione exercitus
praecipi potest,quam illi,qui exercitum habeat ? Cui rursus de rei
familiaris administratione, quam ei, qui rem amplam possidet et
tueri illam cum laude gliscit et augere cum dignitate ?
50
This is the way in which Bruni, the scholar and man of public
affairs,looked at that "little book" (libellus) by Aristotle and
the translation of which he dedicated to a man of wealth and cui-
ture who could afford to practice virtue and,as he assured him
(and us)y managed his riches in a praisworthy fashion and enlarged
them with honesty. To make the reading of the book easier for his
patron, he also added to his Version ^an explanation of the more
obscure passages" ,
There might be more truthfulness in this dedicatory epistle as
to why the translation was dedicated to this man in particular and
to men of his kind in general than it was customary in such epis-
Tradition
- 23 -
les, apart of course from the usual praise of the patron« Just as
Aristotle had addressed bis treatise on Politics to those who had
the amount of property and education prerequisite for civic virtue
and also the inclination toward and practical experience in public
affairs
32
- the reference to the Politics in the above passage
from the epistle is obvious - so did Bruni apparently intend to
put his Economic s version mainly into the hands of men of means and
education. Also, his commentary which he characterized as "an expla-
nation of obscure passages" was meant for people from other walks
of life than those who were in the habit of reading the tradition-
al commentaries on works by Aristotle, i.e* academicians trained
in the scholastic exegesis of the texts by the ••philosopher". Hence
his commentary was not devoted to lengthy deliberations on the dif-|
ference between the sciences of Politics and Economics as was then
common in the commentary literature but almost exclusively to the
practical issues treated in the work and to the many references in
the text to history and classical literature.
Among the owners and readers of the handwritten copies of his
Economics version we shall indeed find many men in elevated public
positions and professional men, but also scholars devoted to the
studia humanitatis and clerics of all sorts and ranks. üniversity
teachers of moral philosophy were the last ones to join the public
audience and only after a long period of hesitation ^^. But before
we tum to these various groups something should be said about the
scribes of the manuscripts. Ordinarily,they woula De considered as
the intermediaries between the author and the public, somewhat like
the Printers and publishers in the age of the printed book. In cur
Tradition
- 29 -
of Alfonso in Aristotelian philosophy was not confined to the moral
branch of it and particularly to the Politics. He sponsored,it is
true,the translation of the Eudemian Ethics hy Giannozzo Manetti,
but it must also be remembered that card.Bessarion dedicated to him
his Metaphysics translation ^. There were four copies of Bruni's
Economics Version in the Naples library of the kings of Aragon« Be-
sides the one already mentioned, there was the entire annotated Ver-
sion, boimd into two Codices - the one containing the preface,books
I and II and the other the commentaries on both books (177) -,one
copy of the preface and both books (176) and finally a copy of both
books and the commentaries on them (178) böund together with the
other Aristotle translations by Bruni,the Isago^icon and the cor-
respondence between Alfonso and Bruni in a codex which Ferrante
bought in 1470 in Florence throxigh the banker Filippo Stro2zi,a
4S
political exile from Florence • The intellectual bonds between
Spanish royalty and Florentine humanism continued beyond the time
of Ferrante» In the next Century the ambassador of Emperor Charles
V to Venice, the Spanish statesman and humanist D.Diego Hurtado de
Mendoza,carefully studied the Version by Bruni* Don Diego over many
years,mainly in the 1540's while residing at Venice, built up an im-
pressive collection of primarily Greek handwritten books. In 1573-
74 he sold his collection to the Emperor f or his then new El Esco-
rial palace. Among his books was also one with a copy of Bruni *s
Economics Version with marginal notes from Don Diego 's hand (155);
it is still in El Escorial beaides two other copies of Bruni 's
46
translation
It is somewhat stränge that no copy was found in the library
of king Mathias Corvinus where Bruni writings were otherwise well
: •'- - t^
Tradition
- 30 -
represented otherwise and it is less than imexpected that the col-
lections of the Italian Renaissance nobility should have had copies
Three copies were in the library of Federico da Montefeltro,Duke of
Urbino,now in the Vatican Library (215,216,217); one (217),contain-
47
ing the entire annotated translation,was bound separately . Also
three copies are traceable to the collection of the Famese family.
the diikes of Parma; they (112,113,114) are now in the Biblioteca
48
Nazionale at Naples . It is hard to imagine that the scholarly
card.Alessandro Famese, the later Pope Paul III (1468-1549) with
his passion for manuscripts and humanistic Aristotle studies - as
pope he patronized the Jewish scholar Jacob Mantino from Tortosa,
his personal physician,and had him translate in 1539 the Averroes
Paraphrase of Plato*s Republic - should not have been acquainted
with these mss. of Bruni's Economic s version. Some other copies
were in the collections of the higher Italian and French nobility,
but except for the once in the possession of the French Gerente
family (188) the others (23,28,141) are recognizable as having be-
longed to such owners only by the yet unidentified coats of arms»
The Renaissance Italian merchant princes had of course their
share of copies« In Piero de* Medici*s library were two , separately
bound, the celebrated di Mario ms« (69) and another with the entire
annotated version (71) in the later arrangement which became so pop-
ulär after the late 1430 *s or in the early 1440 's. The family li-
brary contained also a very beautifully written and richly adorned
ms. of the version with preface (72), bound together with the Poli-
tics translation by Bruni. A fourth manuscript is particularly in-
teresting; it is a copy of the preface (63)» As a rule,we do not
Tradition
- 31 -
know whether the preface alone was copied on purpose or whether the
extant ms* is part of a once complete or to "be completed copy« Here
we do have evidence that no more of Bruni's work was intended to be
reproduced than the preface* It is a neatly written copy bound to-
gether with others of the same kind in one of the Codices known as
the Collectiones Cosmianae * Bartolommeo Scala,a member of the Fici-
no circle,collected some time between 1464 and 1469 docuxnents honor-|
ing the memory of the deceased Cosimo. Besides letters of sympathy
upon the death of Cosimo, the collection includes honorary decrees
and poems on Cosimo and also letters, poems and prefaces addressed
49
to him. The collection was dedicated to Lorenzo . V/ealthy friends
and business associates of the Medicis,like them bankers and patronsl
of the arts, or patrician f amilies in and outside Florence had,among
other copies of Bruni's wrltings,also one of the Economic s * Frances-|
CO Sassetti,a member of this well knowai Florence family of bankers
and also an associate of the Ficino circle,possessed an elegantly
written and richly illiaminated copy (66), bound together with the
Ethics Version by Argyropulos and the Isa^ogicon by Bruni. In the
collection of the Pucci family was a copy (84),but it is not certaiii|
whether the codex containing it may not have been acquired after
the 15th Century. A Florentine,Bemardus de Puccinis,owned a copy
(75) bound together with Bruni 's Ethics version. The Roman bankers
Chigi,financiers of Pope Leo X and associated with the Roman branch
of the Medici bank in business venture s,had in their library,now in
the Vatican,a codex with three works by Bruni (206), one of them the
entire annotated Economics Version* A nicely written copy of Bruni 's
Version, illuminated with Initials and bound togethers with Bruni *s
translation of the Ethics , was in the possession of the Venetian pa-
Tradition
- 32 -
trician family Loredan (144) • We also know of a codex with Bruni's
Aristotle versions,sold through Filippo Strozzi in 1458 by a mer-
chant in Siena; his name - and that is all we know of him - was Jo-
han de Guinanpon
50
Professional men of all kinds and ranks - physicians, lawyers,
administrators - were important and significant partisans of the
hiimanistic movement. Some of them could afford to own handwritten
bookSfbut not a collection which would be handed down from one gen-
eration to the next. Ordinarily,their books would be sold by their
heirs or they would be donated to a convent in the hope that this
good deed would be rewarded in the here-after. As splendid a copy
as the ms. of the preface and book I,penned on parchment by a pro-
fessional scribe and profusely illuminated,as the one written in
Milan in 1451 (20) could be owned only by a Giovanni Amerino,the
auditor of Francesco Sforza. A codex containing a large number of
works by Bruni,among them the version of the Economics with the com«
mentary, written on paper,now in the Bibliothfeque Nationale (32) was
sold by a Florentine notary,Grisus,for 5 papal ducats to another
person and was finally in the possession of various persons in Fer-
rara. A collection of humanistic texts,one a fragment of Brtini's
dedicatory epistle to Cosimo de* Medici,all written on paper and
bound in one volume,now in the Vatican Library (202) ,belonged at
one time to a Joannes Franc iscus,annualis advocatus,at Venice. It
was a Bolognese physician,by name of Gregorio Malisardi,who owned
and eventually gave to a father Canneti a volume consisting of the
Ethics and Economics versions by Bruni,the latter with the commen-
tary,both written on paper (123). Two Swiss copies of the annotated
Economics version, written on paper, are particularly helpful in an-
Tradition
- 33 -
swering our question as to copies ovmed by Professionals. The older
one (186) was one of the copies of the three Aristotle translations
"by Bruni,penned on paper in 1464, and "boiind with them in one volume.
It belonged to a magister Johann Gaudenhemer; he presented it to
the Carmelite monastery on the Zurichberg. The entry by a morik on
the bottom of the first page,recording this gift,closess *»Oretur
pro eo". The later copy (182) was bought in Basel for 1 fl. by a
Berchthold Kirsseman from Horw who was matriculated at the Univer-
sity of Basel in 1471. Subsequently it was acquired by a Ludwig
Moser from Rheinfeld in Zürich, a ••prothonotarius" and later a Car-
thusian monk; he donated it to the Carthusian monastery at Basel.
Its prior recording that the codex was given to the Carthusian
monks by their brother ends " ••• pro suisque oretur in caritate"
.51
Scholars of humanist orientation - favorites of the wealthy
and powerful patrons of the studia humanitatis - were of course
each others most attentive and appreciative audience. As already
mentioned,Ficino owned his copy of the Briini version (90). Angelo
Poliziano also possessed a copy (79) with his notes in the margins.
It is now bound together with a copy of the Ethics translation by
Bruni with corrections and notes, based on lectures by Poliziano in
52
1491 and 1492,added in the margins by an Augustinus Terriculus .
Poliziano lectured on the Ethics in the Florentine studio at that
time and had earlier authored a commentary on the Ethics under the
title *Panepistemon* which was first printed in c.1485 at Rome
(Reichling 290). Giannozzo Manetti owned a parchment codex with
the Bruni translations of the Economics (212) snd Politics. Manetti
Tradition
- 34 •
dissatisfied with Bnini*s translation of the Nicomachean Ethics ,
rendered a new Latin version of this Aristotelian work and also of
the Magna Moralia and the Eudemian Ethics ,the last dedicated to
king Alfonso of Aragon '^^. An interesting and early copy (198) of
the entire Economic s version, penned in 1425 t was in the possession
of the Greek scribe N.Scyllacius who had bought it from the copy-
ist« The Pisa nobleman and classical scholar,Ser Piero Roncione,had|
in his collection one copy of Bruni's translation with the preface
54
and another of the commentaries on both books (97,121)
The social classes we have so far met as the public audience
of Bruni is what we would expect. But the broad and fairly rapid
diffusion of the first humanistic version of the Economic s is,to
a high degree,attributable to the clergy. Regulär and lay clerics
of all rank3,mostly those in Italy,Spain and later in German speak-
ing countries,were intent on studying this pseudo-Aristotelian workj
in its humanistic garb. In the 15th Century the Economics was an
*
integral part of Aristotelian moral philosophy and held a third
place in this part of the curriculum in saecular and clerical in-
stitutions of higher learning« Furthermore,it must be kept in mind
that the higher ranking members of the clergy were scholars and
very erudite members of the upper classes who patronized the human-
ists and they shared with their families and friends literary tast-
es and preferences. What appears,on first blush,to be somewhat sur-
prising is that clerics should have had no qualm about the author
of this humanistic version. In recent years experts on scholasti-
cism and partisans of this philosophical movement made much of the
controversy between Bruni and Alphonsus Burgensis,the bishop of
Tradition
. 36 -
totle translations dated back to his younger years when he catalogu«
58
ed the library of Cosimo de* Medici . His copy of Bnini's Econ-
omic s Version with the preface but without the commentary (192) is
bound together with the Ethics and Politics translations by Bruni,
the Rhetorics translation by Georgius Trapezuntius and the versions
by Gregprio Tifemate of the Magna Moralia and Eudemlan Ethics ;
this collection of Aristotelian writings on moral philosophy is in-
troduced by Bruni 's sketch of the life of Aristotle ( Vita Aristote -
lis). On the first leave of this parchment codex is the papal coat
of arms of Nicholas V ^ . A richly illuminated parchment copy of
the entire annotated Economics Version, bound together with a theo-
logical treatise,was owned by Pope Clement VII, the former card.Giu-
lio de* Medici; his papal coat of arms Ornaments the first page.
60
The codex is now in the Biblioteca Laurenziana (70) •
Between 1451 and 1453 while he was residing at Bressanone (Bri-
xen), Card. Nicolaus Cusanus acquainted himself with the Aristotle
translations by Bruni. There he acquired handwritten copies of the
Politics and Economics version,the latter in füll and in an arrange-
ment that a few years earlier had become the Standard form (48), and
had his secretary copy the Ethics version. Card. Cusanus added in
the margins his own glosses on the Politics translation by Bruni.
The three mss. were later bound together with other humanistic writ-j
ings,three of them by Bruni, and the codex, with the coat of arms of
Cusanus, became a part of his collection at Kues . In the Cathed-
ral library of Toledo there is a copy (175) of Bruni 's version,
written on parchment in a fine Italian humanistic script of the
15th Century, boxmd together with unrelated texts. The codex belong-
62
ed,as the entry on the flyleave indicates,to card.Zelada . The
Tradition
- 37 -
humanist scholar and collector of handwritten books at a time when
the printed book was the order of the day,card. Domenico Grimani
(d.l523),had in his large collection probably two copies of parts
of the annotated Economics version,one of the commentaries on both
books (40) and another,penned at Rome in 1494,which is now possibly
lost (220); it was among the books he left to the library of the
S.Antonio convent in Venice that perished in a fire in 1687. The
extant copy of the coimnentary,now in Paris, bears the marks of a
63
faithful copy of the text as penned by Antonio di Mario ^ . The
most notable ms. of Bmni's Version from the libraries of archbish-
ops and bishops is the one in the Biblioteca Ambrosiana (102). It
belonged to Francesco Piccolpassi,archbishop of Milan since 1455»
Piccolpassi was a life-long friend of Bruni; the chancellor of Flo-
rence dedicated to him one of his earlier translations from the
Greek (1407), the version of the Demosthenes oration * Pro Cteslßhon-
te * • They were also in frequent correspondence as the Bruni Episto-
lariTim testifies and Bruni sent him an extensive letter about the
♦♦controversia Alphonsina" via their common friend Decembrio. The
Economics copy,incidentally,is bound together with the controversii
64
Ethics translation . A copy of the preface and book I of the Bru-
ni Version (140) in a codex containing a variety of humanistic texti
65
was deposited in the Palace Library of the bishops of Trent .
Johannes Roth,bishop of Wroclaw at the turn of the I6th Century,
possessed a paper codex with the Ethics version by Argyropulos and
the Economics version by Bruni (222), both penned in Italy during
the 15th Century. He donated the volume to a monastery in his dio-
cese »»pro remedio anime sue et suorum" and from there it took its
66
way into the free market of collectors . We also know a copy of
Tradition
- 38 -
the entire work by Bruni (49),most likely written in Germany before
1477,which belonged to a canon Paul Megk who gave it to the Domini-
can monastery at Regensburg ^' . Cathedral libraries were favored
repositories for Codices containing,ainong other texts,the Bruni
Version of the Economics. The library of the Florence cathedral
possessed one such codex with the Aristotle translations by Bruni |
among them of course the Economics (78), and also some of his Plato
versions; the texts in this parchment volume were elegantly writ-
68
ten and the Initials of each book illuminated . The copy done
for the collection of the cathedral at Constance (51) has been
mentioned already. We still find copies in the libraries of Spanish|
cathedrals - the one in the Toledo cathedral was just cited - but
we have no Information as to when they were deposited there«
The part the regulär clergy played in disseminating the Bruni
Version can hardly be overrated. We do have a few data on copies
that were in convent libraries in the 15th Century, but we do not
know how many manuscripts circulating outside monasteries were
penned in their scriptoria. Many copies are written in a script
pointing towards this origin and the explicits or brief notes at
the end of the text are formulated in a manner characteristic of
clerical scribes. This is not to imply that all copies in monastic
libraries were of modest guality« Some were elaborate, written in
a fine humanistic script and omamented richly with colored Initi-
als (15, 86, 152), but the majority conforms to the simple style of
their origins. The scanty informations on those copies that belong-
ed to convent libraries are indicative of the general tendencies
in the scholarship of the various Orders, familiär to us from bet-
Tradition
- 39 -
ter documented observations. The relatively largest numbers of manu«
Scripts of the Bruni version were in the collections of Dominican
and Benedictine convents. One copy (59),now in the University Li-
brary of Bologna, comes from the Dominican convent in that city and
another one (161), now in the Biblioteca Nacional in Madrid, from
the Dominican convent in Piacenzia, The University Library of Bar-
celona received a copy (152) from the Dominicans in the same city
and the Bayerische Staatsbibliothek took one (49) over from the
Dominican monastery of St.Blasius at Regensburg. The Dominican mon-
astery at Vienna possessed before 1513 a codex of Aristotelian
writings , among them the Bruni version of the Economic s (218), but,
though the monastery still exists,the codex cannot be located. Next
to the five pieces in Dominican libraries there are another five
traceable to Benedictine abbeys. Two were in the library of the
Florence abbey; the one (86) which probably originated there, now
in the Florence Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale, is contained in an
codex of Bruni 's Aristotle translations arranged according to the
dates of their composition,and the other (80) ,formerly in the Stroz«
zi collection and now in the Laurenziana,is bound together with
Brtmi's Ethics translation. A copy in Holkham Hall (15) comes orig-
inally from the Benedictine monastery at Piacenzia. The now dis-
solved Benedictine monastery at Wiblingen in South West Germany is
reported to have owned a copy (219) which must have been written in
Basel before 1431,while the Benedictine abbey at Ottobeuren in Ba-
varia still possesses its copy (50) that was penned in the lata
15th Century. The two mss. (180,182) in the Carthusian monastery
at Basel and the one (186) in the Carmelite monastery on Zurichberg
were already mentioned.
Tradition
- 40 -
Saecular and regulär clerics in the sccond half of the 15th
Century chose Bruni*s version as base for their Economics commen-
taries composed in the traditional scholastic style. Commentaries
on Aristotelian writings on moral philosophy,compared with those
on logic and natural philosophy,were at no time numerous and those
on the Economics very infrequent. The second half of the 15th Cent-
ury is no exception to this rule. Of the three commentaries from
this timejhased on the Bruni version, two were authored by clerics.
In 1467 Guglielmo Bechi (Guilelmus Becchius),bishop of Fiesole, com-
pleted his commentary on the Economics version by Bruni after writ-
ing an Ethics commentary (1465) and before preparing one on the
Politics (1476),both also based on the translations by Binni
69
The commentaries by Bechi remained unprinted. The first Economics
commentary on the Bruni version to appear in print was eviüently
the one by a Lionysius de Burgo S. Sepulchri,published in c.1495
at Toulouse (GW 2436). In the following year the commentary on the
Bruni version by Pedro de Castrovol (Fr .Petrus de Castrovole) was
printed at Pamplona (Hain-Copinger 4654). Pedro de Castrovol who
was provincial of the Franciscan convents of Aragon in 1489-91
wrote,like Bechi, commentaries on the Ethics t Economics and Politics
and used in all three the translations by Bruni as his texts. He
composed his Economics commentary already in 1481 but it was print-
ed only in 1496,together with his Politics commentary
70
Tradition
- 41 -
IV
One group of potential students of Brxini's Economics Version
is practically missing in the list of 15th Century known scribes
and owners of its handwritten copies - scholars and teachers con-
nected with institutions of higher learning where Aristotelian mor-
al philosophy was a subject of the curriculiim. Cotirses exclusively
devoted to the study of the Economics were rare while in courses
dealing with moral philosophy in general the Economics had its
place. The various abbreviations, surveys (tabulae), compendia and
particularly the so-called auctoritates with summaries of chapters
and paraphrases of the salient passages from the various works by
Aristotle,composed for the benefit of students preparing for exam-
inations,contained invariably one page or more of quotations from
or summaries of books I and III (the liber secundus in the Durand
71
and Bruni version) of the Economics • From this textbook liter-
ature we know that the Economics was a part of the prescribed knowl*
edge of Aristotelian philosophy. The quotations also indicate that,
if the work itself was studied,it was read in the younger medieval
Latin version. Scholars and university teachers resorted for more
intensive studies to the older medieval Latin translation of all
three books.
With occasional exceptions,the late scholastics of the 15th
Century ignored the Bruni version and his commentary on it. One
■.:■ S
Tradition
- 42 -
such exception might have been the anonymous scribe who copied
both books with the commentaries in the margins (211) but left out
the preface and suprascribed the first book with the words '•Differ-
entie Economice et Politice", the traditional title of scholastic
72
commentaries on the first book . It is symptomatic that the li-
braries of universities known for Aristotle studies in the 15th
Century like Paris, Padua and Bologna have no copy of the Bruni Ver-
sion from that time that belonged to the library in the 15th Cent-
ury or is recognizably from the collection of a faculty member. In
institutions of higher learning such as Colleges located in the sam<
places as these universities there were "pockets of resistance** to
the official anti-humanist attitude as we know from Paris and Padua.
The üniversity of Paris has now a copy already cited (42) which was
penned in 1486 for Odon Charlier who taught at the College de Laon.
Some teachers on the staff of this College as of the famous College
de Cardinal Lemoine were sympathetic to humanistic studies and
therefore eager to get acquainted with the Aristotle translations
by Bruni which were not acceptable at the Sorbonne. In the late
1480 *s and early 1490 's Jacques Lef^vre d'Etaples taught at the lat«
ter College Aristotelian moral philosophy from the Bruni texts
7^
which he began editing for the press a few years later "^ • In uni-
versities not as leading in Aristotle studies as the ones mentioned
but where of course the moral philosophy of Aristotle was taught,
humanistic tendencies even among faculty members teaching this sub-
ject were not rare at the beginning of the 16 th Century. One of
them was the üniversity of Freiburg i.Br.; already in the last quar«
ter of the 15th Century poetry and eloquence was taught there by
humanists
74
In the library of this üniversity there is a copy of
Tradition
- 43 -
of the Banini Version (45) however penned as late as 1507,perhaps
even from a printed edition,by a Konrad Schraude from Allenspach.
In that year,incidentally,tlie humanists at the Freiburg university
v;ere in a particularly aggressive mood.
During the last decade of the 15th Century the school philo-
sophers in and outside Italy came linder the pressure of an erudite
public with a humanistic literary taste in all areas including the
study of Aristotelian moral philosophy. In 1483 the Paduan profes-
sor Nicoletto Vemia prepared the first printed edition of Latin
versions of the Aristotelian corpus then studied there. In fact,it
was an edition of the Averroes commentaries on these writings as
far as then available. The Aristotle texts were the medieval trans-
lations; for the Economic s Nicoletto selected the earlier medieval
Version of the three books . His edition was printed at Venice
by the printer-publishers Andreas Torresanus and Bartholomaeus de
Blavis in three folio tomes and issued in two different typograph-
ical arrangements (GW 2337 and 2338). This impressive and luxurious
parchment edition was not reprinted. When his disciple Agostino
Nifo in 1495 prepared a new edition of the Averroes commentaries
with the texts of the Aristotelian writings, these texts were human-
istic Latin translations« In the second part of the second tome,
printed on April 26,1496 by the brothers de Gregoriis for the pub-
lisher Octavianus Scotus (GW 2340), the Economic s appeared in the
Version by Bruni and,since there is no Averroes commentary on the
Economics,with the commentary by Bruni. What might have induced
the editor and publisher to make this change was the fact that six
years earlier the Venice printer-publisher Bemardinus Stagninus
' 1 • ' :Tr' "■
Tradition
- 44 -
had put on the market, with obvious success,a collection of Aristo-
telian works in humanistic translations (GW 2339). In the same year
in which the de Gregoriis brothers finished their part in the Nifo
edition they began printing for the publisher Benedictus Fontana
another collection of Aristotelian texts in humanistic versions
(GW 2341) in which the Economics appeared in the translation by
Bruni but without the commentary. The tide had tumed.
At the commencement of the same decade,in c • 1491 > the Cologne
printer-publisher Heinrich Quentell brought out the Economics in
the translation by Durand (GW 2431) with a scholastic commentary
by Johannes Versor,a magister of the Sorbonne and a scholar of
76
Thomistic orientation . This edition was reprinted once,probably
in 1495 (GW 2432). No other scholastic commentary based on a medi-
eval Economics version is known from that time. In the first two
decades of the l6th Century two scholastic commentaries were print-
edfboth based on the Bruni version. The one is from the pen of the
Scottish scholar William (Gilbertus) Crab,a professor at the Col-
lege de Bourgogne in Paris. His Economics commentary, published at
an unknown date by Jean Petit at Paris, was apparently based on the
edition of the Bruni version by Jacques Lef^vre who added to the
two books (I and III) translated by Bruni an anonymous humanistic
Version of the genuine book II. Grab composed his commentary in
the Nominalist tradition with which he identified himself in an
edition of the Ethics Quaestiones by John Buridan and Martin Le-
maistre and in his Ethics commentary from a later date. This com-
bination of a scholastic commentary with a humanistic Aristotle
text was an Innovation, though not an extreme procedure,for an Aris-I
Tradition
- 45 -
77
totle commentator in Paris in the early I6th Century . A similar
compromise was effected by Virgilius Wellendorf er, a magister of
theology and philosophy of the university of Leipzig and a teacher
of both subjects there. The orientation of the arts faculty at 'th6
Leipzig university was Thomistic until the humanistic reform of
1519. The highly stylized Economics commentary by Wellendorf er on
Bruni's Version, published at Leipzig in 1511, was patterned after
the Aristotle comxnentaries by Walter Burley; it was written in form
of conclusions reached in the treatment of each passage of the Aris«
78
totelian text . These two commentaries are samples of the last
minute attempt on the part of scholastic scholars to come to terms
with the onrushing humanistic movement in the first two decades of
the I6th Century; the attempt, however,failed to save this philoso-
phical tradition from its doom*
These facts about the struggle between humanistic and scholast-
ic orientation in the studies of Aristotelian moral philosophy be-
tween 1490 and 1520 have to be kept in mind if we want to under-
stand the significance of five handwritten copies of the Bruni Ver-
sion stemming from this period. One copy (149),penned in 1518 by
Christopher Koszucki,a nobleman from Poznan, consists only of the
two books of the Economics in the translation by Bruni; on the pagei
containing the text of book I we find between the lines glosses and
in the margins an unidentified commentary '^^. Another copy (150),
probably written in the late 15th Century and now in the library
of the University of Wroclaw,has only book II,accompanied by an
unidentified commentary in the margins ^^. Also from the late 15th
Century is a ms. in a probably German hand (50), now as then in the
Tradition
- 46 -
Benedictine abbey of Ottobeuren; the text of the two books transla-
ted by Bnini is broken up into passages and each passage is follow-
ed by an unidentified commentary. The arrangement of the commentary
is very much like that by William Grab; its style reminds one of
81
late scholastic commentary literature • The most elaborate late
scholastic Economic s commentary - in style, arrangement and content
resembling the work by Wellendorfer - is contained in a manuscript
(46) from possibly 1515, now belonging to the library of the Hamburg
iiniversity; the Bruni Version of both books of the Economics serves
merely as a text and is also broken up into lengthy passages which
are not yet characterized as chapters as in the edition by Lef^vre
• A somewhat puzzling piece is a ms. (148) in the library of the
Polish Academy of Sciences at Krakow; it was written like the other
texts in this codex, mainly writings by Ficino and Latin versions of
works by Plato,in 1505 by a Polish humanist Bernard from Lublin,a
disciple of the Italian humanist Filippo Buonaccorsi di S.Gemignano,
The manuscript contains excerpts from the two books of the Economics |
in the translation by Bruni. The scribe did not indicate the pur-
pose of his excerpts. I should venture to guess that he might have
intended them for that kind of textbook literature known as auctori-
tates. As I observed previously,the quotations from and paraphrases
of the Economics text in the auctoritates of that time came from
the medieval Latin Version by Durand. Perhaps,what Bemard has had
in mind was a humanistic variant of the auctoritates. What makes me
believe so is the fact that,contrary to the customs of humanists,he
deleted all sentences of a purely literary nature and concentrated
on matters of Aristotelian doctrine to which the scholastics paid
Tradition
- 47 -
their sole attention. The five cited manuscripts are therefore not
the ordinary faithful copies of the Bruni text tut more or less
edited adaptations of it to scholastic literature.
The desire of late scholastics to provide their own commen-
taries to Bruni 's Version is perfectly understandable. In the pre-
face and in the annotations to his Economics translation Bruni a-
voided to come to grips with some of the basic issues that the
authors of these pseudo-Aristotelian treatises posed to their
scholastic interpreters. He informed his readers in the subtitle
of his Version and also in the preface that the Economics - he was
referring to book I only - deals with this part of the practical
philosophy of Aristotle that has come to be known by its Latin name|
as the "res familiaris". What exactly the subject matter of this
science is beyond formulating precepts on how to increase the
wealth of the "family»» he did not further investigate nor did he
go deeper into the difference between this discipline and the two
others,one being the "res publica" and the other what the later
Peripatetics and also the Scholastics called "Ethics". In regard
to the last one he carefully slighted over its scholastic denomina-|
tion as "res monastica" and merely characterized it as a science
concerned with precepts regulating cur moral behavior.
He also failed to take a stand on the theories developed by
the authors of the two treatises on the nature of govemment which
constitutes the basic difference between the two sciences of the
"res publica" and the "res familiaris",the one being the science
of the largest social unit,the polity (civitas) ,and the other of
Tradition
- 48 -
of the smaller unit,the family or household (domus). According to
the author of the first book of the Economics - most probably an
early Peripatetie ^ - the form of "government" in a family is a
desirable one-man rule whereas the polity is govemed hy many men»
Implicitly ref erring to book I of the ?olitics ,this thesis on the
difference between a family and a polity would mean that what, ac-
cording to Ari st otle, would be an ideal govemment for the polity -
i.e. a monarchy,if it were practically possible - is, according to
the author of book I of the Economics , the factual govemment in
the family. Aristotle found that the polities in his own time were
administered not by monarchs or aristocrats - whose rule he con-
sidered as desirable as,unfortunately,unattainable ▼ but,in the
best of circumstances,by a good citizenry which he classified as
84
a government of the multitude or of "the many" . The author of
book I of the Economics presumes such govemment by "the many" as
the prevaijing one without further specifying whether it is of the
"normal" (polity) or of the "corrupted" ("democracy") type. The
author of book III of the Economics (the über secundus of Bruni)
85
- most probably a later Peripatetie - in discussing the adminis-
tration or "govemment" of the household shifts the emphasis to-
ward the wife of the paterfamilias and assigns to her,although her
husband still lays down the law even in such matters as to whom
she may admit to her "realm",a much greater importance and signifi-
cance than the author of book I does.
Topics of this sort were of course welcome subjects for
scholastic disputations and commentaries. Brimi discoursed in his
86
commentary on some pragmatic aspects of these problems with re-
Tradition
- 49 -
ference to Cicero who for the scholestic commentators too was the
great authority on these matters, but he shiinned disputes about the
nature of the respective sciences of the res publica and res fami-
liaris. He confined himself to a discussion of govemment by para-
phrasing book I of the Politics and presuined,without further ques^
tioning,that the author of book I of the Economic s had in mind a
"polity^ja desirable form of a government by the multitude and its
elected and appointed magistrates as administrators. As to the
sciences, he silently accepted the scholastic triad of Ethics » Poli -
tics and Economic s and, not quite persistent with what he has said
about wealth as being conducive to the practice of virtue and its
acquisition in honest ways,assigned the reflection on moral conduct
to the science of Ethics alone. Bruni*s simplified presentation of
Aristotelian practical philosophy and its three branches seems to
have been widely accepted by humanists in later generations. Barto-
lommeo della Fönte, a professor of poetry and oratory at the üniver-
sity of Florence,delivered in 1484 an Qration on the Good Arts (Ora-
tio in bonas artes)in which he explained the essence of moral philo-
sophy. Form him as for Bruni "moral philosophy consists entirely in
action and is in its turn devided into three parts. 'Personal*
(•'•propria* ) philosophy instructs man himself and teaches the morals
of man in the best manner» Domestic philosophy disposes of the home
and family. Civil philosophy moderates and rules the city*
87
If a reader of Brxmi's Economics Version and even of his commen-
tary sought further guidance on the issues raised by the author (s)
of this spurious Aristotelian work he would,in the thinking of hum-
anists, not necessarily have to turn to scholastic coiij:nentaries.
Tradition
- 50 -
They held that there were "better and more helpful ancient authori-
ties on these matters like Cicero and Seneca whom e.g. Enea Silvio
Piccolomini expressly recommended to a friend as useful complemen-
88
tation to the study of the Economic s (and Ethics )l3y Aristotle
In a good number of Codices where Bruni*s Economic s version was
bound together with texts related to its subject we find indeed
89
texts by these two authors . But the science of the **res familia-
ris^ylooked upon as a branch of moral philosophy and seen in its
totality,presented, just as the Aristotelian Ethics has done before,
from the very beginning of its reception in the West during the
13th Century a dilemma. As the scholastic philosophers never tired
to stress and as the Protestant humanists of the I6th Century em-
phasized in the prefaces to and siumnaries of their Economics ver-
sions,it was the work of a pagan author and therefore deficient in
the eyes of a Christian reader aware of the spiritual aspects in
the affairs pertinent to the "res familiaris". For those desirous
of acquainting themselves with these aspects there existed a trea-
tise traditionally and falsely ascribed to St .Bernard, the Epistola
de cura rei familiaris ad Ra.vmundum ^ . It was already being read,
together with the Aristotelian Economics in the translation by Du-
rand, in the 14th Century and it served the same purpose for some
readers of the Bruni version in the 15th Century. From the various
Codices containing the spurious epistle by St.Bernard next to the
Economics translation by Bruni I cite three examples selected at
random (49,140,142). Two Codices, the one once owned by a canon in
Regensburg and eventually donated by him to the Dominican monastery
there and the other from the library of the bishops of Trent,happen-|
Tradition
- 51 -
ed to belong to clerics but the third one,in the Biblioteca Nazio-
91
nale Marciana,inight have circulated among non-clerics
To attentive readers it is quite obvious that the über secundus
of Bruni's Economics version deals with only one segment of the
"res fainiliaris",the relation between the head of the household and
his spouse. This topic is of course not unrelated to book I of the
Economics and also to book I of the Politics but in spirit it is
further away from the genuine writing by Aristotle and closer in
some respects to another literary tradition in the same area as
exemplified by Xenophon's Oeconomicus * It is a literature on mar-
riage so populär with humanists and their erudite public in the
15th Century. One of the best known works of this ^enre, De re uxc ^'^
ria,was written by Francesco Barbaro; as befits a man of Aristotel-
ian orientation,he was Consulting the Ethics and Politics in form-
ing his own opinions on this matter -^ . Thus,we should not be sur-
prised to find the treatise by Barbaro next to the Economics Ver-
sion by Bruni. I take two samples from various of its kind,but not
at random. Both will show us that these two writings were bound to-
gether in Codices not by accident. The one sample is the cod.lat«
11 138 of the Biblioth^que Nationale. The texts in this paper co-
dex were penned in 1471 by a Bartholomaeus Cersolus who noted at
the end of the De re uxoria (f .47) that he completed his copy on
May 31» 1471» In the leaves following the work by Barbaro we find
the Bruni version of the Economics (38). In another volume with
various texts written on parchment and paper leaves, now cod. XIV
E 26 of the Biblioteca Nazionale Vittorio Emanuele III at Naples,
the two books of the Economics translation by Bruni without the
■■p •■vwr^i.i
Tradition
- 52 -
preface (115) are preceded by a copy of the Barbaro treötise tit-
led "Precepta yconomica ex libro suo [i.e»Barbaro's] de re uxoria
93
breviter tracta** .
With his translation from the Greek of the liber prlmus and his
hiunanistic adaptation of the medieval Latin text of the liber sec-
imdus of the pseudo-Aristotelian Economics , with his preface and
his commentarieSfBruni made a significant contribution to the stu-
dy of this branch of Aristo telian moral philo sophy. He did not in-
fluenae its study at the universities as long as it was conducted
there by scholastic scholars,nor had he intended to do that,but he
affected the teaching of the Economics in secondary classical
schools,saecular and clerical alike,in Italy,Spain, France and Ger-
many by the end of the 15th Century« The most immediate objective
of his efforts - to acquaint with this work on practical philosophy
the patrons of the arts and sciences,the nobility and the wealthy
busine ssmen, the Professionals and the educated men from all walks
of life - he accomplished with greater success than he could pos-
sibly have anticipated» To the scholars dedicated to the studia
humanitatis he set an example for a new approach to the thoughts
of "the philosopher* and to their partisans among the laymen and
clerics he presented an old classic in a new and most attractive
garb, Those disinclined to resort to the guidance of commentaries,
the ones by Bruni included,resorted to other texts on the same sub-
ject by ancient classics, medieval clerics and contemporary human-
ists to .gain perspective on and to complenient the supposed reflec-
tions of the Greek sage.
Tradition
- 53 -
Brxml thus helped to modify the study of Economics as a part
of moral philo sophy but he did not open up a path to that science
that was to bear the name of "Political Economy** and that shaped
up in the middle of the I6th Century in France. Many fundamental
changes in the socio-economic structure of the nations leading in
the I6th Century were required and new intellectual currents had
to mold the minds of those reflective practitioners who were lay-
ing the foundations of that autonomous science on the wealth of
governments and nations. Yet in the philosophical fundament of
this science there is recognizable a contribution from the pseudo-
Aristotelian Economics. It would be most probably not there had
these practitioners not become acquainted through their humanistic
education with this pseudo-Aristotelian work,until 1540 known so
widely and exclusively in the Version by Bruni.
.
Tradition
- 16 -
II
The fear of Bartholomaeus de Lombtiidla that Briml*8 annotated
Latin Version of the Eoonomica might get lost if not entrusted to
as powerful a means of Ooimnunicatlon as the printing press was un-
foxinded. The 217 extant hahdwrttten copies alone testify that it
ilfiust have been a fairly well-known work in the 15th Century. But
how much of a success has it been ?
To measure the degree of its popularity one would have to com-
paie the amoimt of its aanuscripta with the niimbers of the handwrit^|
ten copies of comparable literary products from about the same per
riod. It ivould haxdly be fair to confront the Latin translation of
a work by Aristotlc with the Latin Bible or the Divine Corcedy for
which probably complete bibliographies exist in regard to the ex-
tent of diffnsion. For works of less importance and faxne statisti-
cal figures are »canty# Two examples clted by scholars interested
in the development of the handwritten and printed book may serve
as illustrations for the dissemination of populär writings in the
later Middle Ages» The one is the travelogue by a 14 th cen^ury
English traveller known imder his pennai&e Sir John Mandeville v^ho
composed in French a rather fancy story of his experienoes in the
East and completed his narrative in 1356, Thus far 250 handwritten
copies are known, 200 of them in five languages - Oerman and Duteh
(75), Latin (50), English (40), French (57) • besides the not yet
Tradition
- 17 -
24
tlwroughly oounted Spanish,Italian»C2eoh anö Ixish verslona
An Englifth translatlon dates from the 15th Century. The other Is
the English chronlcle Brut [=• Brutua,the mythical great grandBon
of Aeneas of Troy,the founder of New Troyii#e» London] by the early
13th Century oleric Layamon^considered to be "the only oontinuous
chronlcle of the fifteenth Century**« The tradltion of the text Is
«omewhat lnvolved,but by far not ae much ae that of the Bruni Ver-
sion of the Koonomics « inaof ar aa two different texts are known,a
text A from 1205 and a text Bpin fact a paraphrase of text Ayfrom
1275» The chronlcle waa also translated Into Latin* An incomplete
liatlng of the mss* of the English original copied prior to 1480»
i.e. for almost three centuries coaprises 121 copies. "The wide
diffusion of the Barut in manuscripft wrote an English scholart
"and the numerous printed editiona which appeared between 1480 and
25
1530 woiild alone mske it important* •
A third set of Statistical figures bringe us closer to our
area» The Sweitish classicist Franco Munari catalogued the extant
handwritten copies of Ovid*s Metamorphoses ^penned from the lOth to
the 17th centuries *" • Altogether he listed 590 itema from the sev-
en centuries» I counted 153 mes» written in the 15th Century and
another 4 from the 16th Century so aa to malce his figures comparab-
le to those for the handwritten copies of Latin jpiconoiaics versions
by medieval translators as well as by Bruni • The total ntunber of
both versions copied in the 15th oentury amount» to about 247 and
of the Bruni version alone to 213 extant and kno\Mi copies as com-
pared with the about 133 copies of the Metamorphoses ; if we include
the few copies of both writings from the early 16th Century, then
vmfrtk-mn^^- . ■ . r-jttsf^x ,
Tradition
•» xö *•
the 217 copies of the Baruni versioö woulü l>e contronted with th«
113 copies of the woric ly Ovlö. Thii«,tha »puxious work by Arlstotlt
standa well up in a compaxison with a classic such as the Mataaor **
phosea in its appaal to a partially identical public» Had w« coffi-
plete figures for tha Engllsh chronicle Brut; 1 presiime that in a
compariaon the Brunl version may «tili coise out ahead of the chron^
icle but it would not be able to outdo the success of the trave-
logue by **5ir John Mandeville**,
Finally^we may compare in soma detail the diffusion of the
humanistic Econoiftica Version by Banini with that of the medleval
Latin translationa . As to the latter, we can confine ourselves to
the two translationa that actually circulated in the 13th and 14th
centuries and that were still being oopiad in the 15th Century, the
the older translation ( translatio vetus )of the three books by an
anonymous author,done at about 1260, and the younger translation
or revision of the older one by Durand d'Auvergne ( reoensio Duran -
di)»conalsting of the same two booka rendered into Latin by Bruni,
done in 1295 • Of these two, the work by Durand was the more populär;
27
the authors of the Aristoteles Latinuf list altogether 7,^
copies of it* The total number of mss« contalning the translatio
v^tus amounts to 'S" « These figures are subject to (iualifications,|
resulting partly froxo the tradition of the texts and partly froni
the deficiencies of every bibliography,including the present» Afte:
the publication of Dtxrand's revision, the texts of books I and III
in the older translation were combined with those by Durand. These
♦»contaminated* texts were a8Signed,depending on the degree to whic]
the respective Version prevailed,to the one or other translation.
Tradition
- 19 -
Axaong the five copies of the tran^Xatlo vetug penned In the 15th
Century three have the piire text of this verslontOne is definltely
conflated with the Version hy Durand and the identity of one,reÄemb-
ling the tranelatio vetU8 ,coiad not be aufficiently eatabllshed by
the editors at the time when thelr inventary went to press» Further
research will tum up copies undetected so far^determine the nature
of the texts not yet identified and ellmlnate others that are Bra-
ni's Version or derived from it. Professor Kristeller adaed one
copy to those of the old translation listed in the Aristoteles Itat **
inusj it is an interesting ms» from aany points of view and also
notable for its owner,Colucüio Salutati for whom it was vvritten*
A manuscript of only book II of a Latin Economics version (150) re-
corded in that inventary as unidentified was reoognized by ?rofe8sox|
23
Kristeller as the liber secundus in the version by Bruni
If vve further break doi-m the totals into the ntuobers of mss*
penned before and after 1599 we may catch a glimpse of the rivalry
between the medieval translations and the version by Bruni. In the
course of the 15th Century 27 copies were ©ade of the Durand version|
in addition to the Just mentioned 5 copies of the older one« We do
icnow the dates of only 9 of the 27 oopies of the Dursnd version»
One was penned while Bruni 's work was still little knovm (1429) and
the eight others after the translation by Bruni had gained wid© cir-|
culation (1441,1459,1461,1468 twice, 1472, 1474, 1488 ) . It is further-
more worth noting that 17 of the 27 copies of the Durand version
from the 15th Century were either certainly written in Germany (3)
or possibly there (1) or probably in Bohemia (1) ana are now deposit
Tradition
- 20 -
ed in Grennan,Swis8 and Bohemian oollections and that of the othor
10 only one was certainly penned in Italy anä the others probably
in Italy, Franoe or Spain where they are atill looated» As is to be
ex^ected and will be ehown later in detail, the Bmni Version firat
circulated and replaced the Diirand veraion in Italy and made sowb
inroads in the Horthem coimtrie» not before the late 1460*3 and
then by way of handwritten as well as printed copies*
For a ffioment we may leave the saf e groimd of Statistical in-
formation and engste in a apeeulation by way of Statistical inter-
polatlon» Prior to 1399 there were about copies of both medie-^
val translations in circulatlon* They constitute the larger portion
of the extant mss« of the medieval Latin versions with which Bru-
ni*8 rendition has had to compete* To them must be added the 11
items from the tiroe after Brtmi's version has become better known,
i.e« after 1440, and some more copies penned after 1400 vi^ich are
not dated. If we pres^^lzle that 2/3 of the teown mss. of the medieval
versions from the 15th Century, or 14 copies, were written after the
work by Bruni was sufficiently familiär, then the Brurd version was
confronted with actually circulating copies of the medieval
translations» Had Bruni not entered the scene and had the demand
for new copies by people then customarily receptive to Aristotelian|
moral philosophy - academiciansjClerics and educated laycien - dou-
29
bled ,twice as mamy new copies as existed by 1399 or an addition*»
al copies of the medieval versions may be anticipated to have
been written within the 15th Century* Actually only 32 were produc-|
ed ana that leaves us with a potential demand for copies. There|
fore,the 213 mss» of the Brxmi version more than covered this d«-
Tr&ditlon
Eazid*
•* 21 •
th© »ißdleval iranoXiatlona decllneö In th« 15th o«ntur/ a» ooftpared
^ith thi& I4th Century «hllc th^ total nimber of !&»»• ot thl9 Aris*-^
totelian T?ork lnor«aa«»d tomr tlme«; ebout 5/^ o^ ^^^ 15th c<&ntiirjr
coi'i^a w&r^>. thoec» of tha Bnml v«rr6lon# Xt wa« lultd ;ü suoooas tor
a work by Bnmlfbut ty no irt^ana »j^ect^ouljur a» far &« di.tfseirii2iAtlon
of hid tranfti.!^>t^aiis anä writii^» so^^fli« Olnoe th^a« ^re ;m» «t4itti#ti«'
o&l fl^ures avaiXsibXe for any of hls^ oth&r worjcS|l oan m^l^ «ufuna-*
irJUl« i£D|?r€iö$lonJ3 ^atherd<l in le^fing throufii GOimtla»a^ oatiälo^ucs
ot manusoript colleotions and frofe&sor SixletaXleir^ft ^'PfiM: i:^!^
1 woulö differentlate botween tnr©e grotips of mork» by Bjruni acoord
In^ to the ntmbtr of handwrlttoni oopiest {x) tho93 of «rhlebi moro
thsm 500 ooples ar^ sxtantymainXy translatlons from tha Or^^tk such
aa Ximophon*» fyyjtnnxi^s or St*Ba.sil*« Do gtugiic »a»ouIj^yXbu» i (2)
thoao of wJbioh ;?Q0 to !^)0 capieo are preserveä such ss his tranola-
tlons of %he KB4SĻEaSaaiiaft ^^ #93,1^X0^ by ArlstotXi^s (5) tlioso
of whXch X€^ö® than XOO oopl«» ar© knorm euch &m hi» D^ii^o^^ a<| f o , ^^
yiasi. jp®uXm& Hl^trtaai * Po lalXXtia tmü otfe^r treatx^o;^ of »joar« XocaX
iMr uM » Ul i m i M iiw i m «iii i m ti niwi « n ii idii ii um ■ > U li i tili * iMMaAaMM&iMilHW*«MM«iaHiMM , ^ . ~>
Intereot* I theraby try to be on tlio conservativ« aiiäe am l ohoiiX4
not ha- ^xarpriBi^ü if blbliograpbies of his tx«m?>XatioriÄ f jrom Plato
«nö FXutarch wouXd far «&5i©o«j<ji tb^ 500 mark, fko Eoono&i^iff» vorolon
wouXß be in tho lo»ro»t thira of proup (2) wbilo bis Ktfaics and JPo^'
tlfio traa^Xations wouXd flgur« in the »eoonö or flrst third of thi»
^roup mtth nmrb^rö of m«»* oroeeding by a irood msr^'in the amount
of oopie» of th« ^nnotötod Economio^ vertion*
3:radltian
* 22 -
III
•♦ ••• üt eniin medlclnae finls est sejalta«,!! rei famlliaria
divitias finem esse constat» Sunt vero utlles divitiae,ctJ2n et or-
namento «int possldentibus et ad vlrtute» exercendam suppedltent
faciiltateiß ••.'•# fhese are the precepts of that part of practlcal
philosophy that concerns itself with Economics (res famlliaris or
oeconomica), explains Bruni in his dedicatory epistle to Co»imo de*
Medici in reply to the rhetorical question he had before directed
to bis patron. " ••• Ciii enim rectixis de gubematione exercitU5
px-aecipi poteet, quasi illi-,qui exercitum habeat ? Gui rursus de rei
familiär is administrationei quae* ei, q.ui reci amplam possidet et
tueri illam cum laude |;liscit et augere cim dignitate ?
? 30
ThXs is the v^ay in v;hich Bruni, the scholar and mm of public
affairs,looked st that "little book*» (libellus) hy Aristotle and
the translation of vvhich he dedicated to a man of wealth and cul-
ture who could afford to practice virtue &nd,as he asaured hia
(and us), maneged his riches in a praisworthy fashlon and enlarged
them v*ith honesty. 2?o make the reading of the book eaeier for hie
patron, he also added tc his Version "an explanation of the more
obscure passages
. 51
ühere Mght be Jiiore truthfulness in this dedicatory epistle as
to why thö translation was dedicuted to thiß man in particular and
to xuen of his kind in general than it was custoaajcy in such epis-
Tradition
m 25 ••
les^epart of cource from the usual prai«e of the patron. Just as
Aristotle had addressed hia treatise on yoXitics to thosc who had
the amount of property and education prerequisite for civic virtue
exiä also the inclination toward and praotieal experience in public
affairs - the reference to the Folitio a in the above passage
from the epistle ie obvious - so did Bnmi apparantly intend to
put his Economic 3 ver«ion aainly into the hands of men of saeans and
education» AlsOihis oojrjuentary which he characterizcd as "an «xpla-
nation of ohsoure passages" was meant for people from other walk«
of lif e than thoae who were in the habit of reading the tradition«*
al oommentaries on works by Aristo tlei i#e« academicians trained
in the scholastic exegesis of the texts by the "philo sopher"* Eence
his coiEisentary was not devoted to lengthy delibcrations on the dif-|
feronce between the sciences of Politics and Economic s as was then
coiEißon in the coirjiientary literature but almost exclusively to the
practical issues treated in the work and to the many references in
the text to history and claasieal literature«
Amon^ the owners anö. readers of the handwritten copies of his
Economics Version we »hall indeed find many men in elevated public
positions and professional men, but also »cholars devoted to the
studia humanjtatis and clerics of all sorts and ranke» üniversity
teachers of moral philosophy were the last ones to Join the public
audience and only after a long perioä of hesitation ^^. But before
we tum to these various groups soicething should be said about the
scribes of the sianuscripts . Ordinarily , they woula be considered as
the intermediär! es between the author and the public, somewhat like
the Printers and publishers in the age of the printed bock« In cur
Tradition
mm 29 **
of Alfonso in Aristotelian philoöophy waa not confined to thc moral
branch of it and partioulariy to the Politicg . He sponsored,it is
truo,the translation of the Etidettiian Ethics by Oiannozzo Kanetti,
but It must also be remettbored that card*Btssarlon dedicated to hl»
^^ö MGtaphyaios translation ^^ * Thex^ wer© four copie» of Bruni's
Economic 3 Version in the Naples library of the kings of Aragon« Bt-
sides the one already mentioned,there wa» th© entlre annotated ver*»
sion,bound into two Codices - the one containing the preface^books
X and II and the other the eosiiaentariee on both books (177) *f0ne
copy of ihe prefaoe ana both books (176) and finally a copy of both
books arid the coimaentaries on them (176) böxind together with the
other Aristotle translation» by Bruni,the IsajgOj^icQn and the oor-
respondence between Alfonso and Birunl in a codex which Ferrante
bought in 1470 in Florence throngh the banker Filippo Str02zi,a
political exile from Florence ^ * 0?he intellectual bonds between
Gpanish royalty and Florentine htunaniei» oontirmed beyond the tiffie
of Ferrante* In the next Century the aaibassador of Srnperor Charles
V to Venice, the Spanish sstatesman and hiaoanist D.Diego Hurtado de
MendoaQ,carefully atudied the Version by Bruni* Bon Diego over xoany
years^Biainly In the 1540 's while residing at Venice, built up an i»-*
pressive collection of primarily Greek handwritten books» In 1573-
74 he sold his collection to the Smperor for his then new El E#oo-
rial palace« Among his books was also one with a copy of Bnmi^s
Economic 8 Version with marginal notes from Don Diego 's hand (155) |
it is still in El Escorial besAdes two other copie» of Bnini's
46
translation
It is somewhat stränge that no copy was found in the library
of king Mathias Corvinus where Bruni «rritings were othearwise well
Tradition
- 50 -
represented otherwise and it is leas than unexpected that the ool-
lectiona of the Itall&n Renaissance nobillty should have had copies
Three oopiea were in the library of Federico da MontcfeltrO|Puke of
ürbino,now in the Vatican Library (215,216,217); on« (2l7),contain-
47
ins the entire annotateci tran8lation,wa» boimd separately • Also
tteee copies are traceable to the collection of the Faamese family,
the dukee of Parma; they (Il2,113fll4) are now in the Biblioteoa
48
Hazionale at Haple» . It iß hard to imagine thst the scholarly
card.Alesaandro Farnese,the later Pope Paul III (1468-1549) with
his passion for manuscripts and humanistic Ari^^^vtotle studies - as
pope he patroniaed the Jewiah scholar Tacob 2i$antino froxß Tortoaa,
his personal phy8ician,and had him translate in 1559 the Averroes
Paraphrase of Plato's Republjc - should not have been acquainted
with these maa» of Bruni'a E conomic a Version» Some other copiea
were in the oollectiona of the higher Italian and French nobility,
but exccpt for the once in the posüeasion of the French Gerente
family (188) the others (23,28,141) are recogniisable as havin^ be«
lonred to such owner© only by the yet Tinidentifled coats of arms.
The Renalsaance Italian merchant princes had of course their
share of copiea ♦ In Piero de* Medici'a library were tvvo,8eparately
bound,the celebrated di Mario ms* (69) and another ?jlth the entire
annotat ed version (71) in the later arrangement which became so pop«
ular after the late 1430'8 or in the early 1440*8 . The family li-
brary contained also a verj beautifully written and richly adorned
ms. of the version with prefaoe (72),bound together with the Poli-
tics translation by Bruni. A fourth manuacrlpt is particularly in-
tereating; it ia a copy of the preface (63)» As a rule,we do not
Tradition
• 51 -
know whether the preface alone waa copied on purpose or whethtr th«
extant ma« Is part of a onoe complete or to be completed copy» Her«
wd do have evldence that no i&ore of Brimi^a work was Intended to he
reproduced than the preface ♦ It Is a neatly written copy boirnd to*-
gether wlth others of the saxae klnd in one of the codlcea known as
the Collectlones Coajrdan^^ ^ Bartolomräeo Scala,a meinher of the Flcl-
no circle,collected some time between 1464 and 1469 documents honor*
ing the memory of the deceased Cosiino» Besldes letters of sympathy
upon the death of Cosiffio,the colleotlon includes honorary decrees
and poems on Cosizaü and also letters ^poems and prefaces addressed
49
to hl©. The oollection was dedioated to Lorenzo ♦ Wealthy friends
and business assooiates of the MedlclStlike them bankers and patronftl
of the arts, or patrlcian femilles in and outside Florence hhdtamonf
other copies of Bruni's writings,al»o one of the Econoroica « France»^
CO Saasetti,a mexaber of this well known Florence family of bankers
and also an asaociate of the Ficino circle,possessed an elegantly
Y;ritten and richly illuminated copy (66),bo\znd together with the
£thic8 Version by Argyropulos and the Iga^ogioon by Banini* In the
oollection of the Pucoi family was a copy (84)>but It is not certaix3|
whether the codex containlng it may not have been acquired after
the 15th Century. A Florentine,Bemzürdus de Puccinis,owned a copy
(73) boimd together with Brimi*s Ethios version« The Homan banker»
Chiglffinancier© of Pope Leo X and asaociated with the Roman branch
of the Medici bank in business venture s,had in their librarypnow in
the Vatxcßn,a codex with three works by Brunl (206), one of theai the
entirc annotated Econoinio3 Version* A nicely written copy of Bruni*
Version, illrußinated with Initials and bound togethers with Brunl *s
translation of the Ethios , was in the possession of the Venetian pa-
Tradition
- 32 -
trician fairdly Loredan (144). We also know of a codex with Brtinl*»
Aristotle ve3rsions,»old throu^Jh Filippo Strozzi In 1458 by a ©er-
chant in Siena; bis name • and that ia all we know of hlm - waö To-
han de üuinanpon
50
Professional men of all klnda and ranics - physicians |lawyer$t
administrators - were iuportant and significant partisans of the
humanistic movement« Söme of them could afford to own handwritten
boojfesjbut not a collection whlch v5.»ould be handed dovm from one ge»-
eration to the next» Crdinarily^their books would be sold by their
heirs ox they woxild be donated to a convent in the hope that this
good deed would be rewarded in the here-after. As splendid a copy
as the ms. of the preface and book I,penned on parclranent by a pro*-
fesiional scribe and profusely illuminated^as the one written in
Milan in 1451 (20) coiild be owned only by a Giovanni ^merinogthe
auditor of Francesco Sforza« A codex containing a large number of
works by Bruni,among thexß the version of the Economlcs with the com«
iBentary,wiitten on pa^;cr,now in the Bibllothäque Nationale (32) was
sold by a Florentine notary,Orisustfor 5 papal diicats to another
person and was finally in the possession of varlous persons in Fer-
rara. A collection of humanistic texts,one a fragment of Bruni's
dedicatory epistle to Cosimo de* Medici,all written on paper and
bound in one voluffie,now in the Vatican Library (202) »belonged at
one time to a loannes Francisous>anniialis advocatuSfat Venice« It
was a Bolognese physician,by name of Gregorio Malisardi,who owned
and eventually gave to a father Canneti a voliame coneisting oÄ the
Ethics and Economic s versione by Brtmi,the latter with the coKuTien-
' ■ II m m i M iii H II I U I «I M V •
tary,both written on paper (123). !l?wo Swiss copies of the snnotated
Economic a Version, written on paper, are particul&rly helpfiil in an-
Tradition
- 35 -
swering our question as to copies owned by profesdionals« IThe older
one (186) was one of the oopies of the three Aristotle translations
tj Baruni, penned on paper in 1464, and bound with tbem in one voluma.
It belongeä to a magister Johann Oaiidenhemer; he presented it to
the Carmelite monastery on the Zurichberg» The entry by a monk on
the bottoffi of the first page,recording this gift,closes? '•Oretur
pro eo**« The later oopy (182) was bought in Basel for 1 fl» by a
Berchthold Kirsaeman from Horw who was inatriculated at the Univer-^
»ity of Basel in 1471. Subsequently it was acquired by a Ludwig
Moser from Rheinfeld in Zürich, a •prothonotarius" and later a Car-
thusian monk; he donli^äd it to the Carthuaian ffionastery at Basel.
Its prior recording that the codex was given to the Garthusian
ffionaca by their brother ends ** ••* pro suisque oretur in caritate"
51
Scholars of huisaniat orientation - favorit.es of the wealthy
and powerful patrons of the ^ ^tudia htupanitatifg - wäre of course
each others most attentive anü appreciative audience« As already
mentioned,Ficino owned his copy of the Bruni version (90), Angelo
Poliziano also possessed a copy (79) with his notes in the margins»
It ±8 now bound together with a copy of the Ethice translation by
Bruni with corrections and notes, based on lectures by Poliziano in
1491 and 1492,added in the margins by an AugU'3tlnus Terriculus
52
Poliziano lectured on the Kt hios in the Florentine studio at that
iwM " ' mitm
tixr:e anu had earlier authored a cominentary on the Sthios under the
title *Panepiateffion* which was first printed in c«1485 at Rome
(Reichling 290) • Giannoaao Manetti owned a parchment codex with
the Bruni translationa of the Economica (212) -md Politicfi * Manetti
Tradition
- 34 -
dlaaatisfied with Bnmi'» translation of the Moomaohean Sthics ,
rendered a new Latin version of this Aristotelian worksand also of
the U&foxa Moraiia and the Eudemian Ethios ^the last dedicated to
king /Ufonso of Aragon ^', An interesting and early copy (198) of
the entire Econoteic» Version, penned in 1425 »was in the poasesaion
of the Greeic scrilbe H.Soyllacius who had bought it from the copy-
ist. The X^isa nobleman and classioal scholar,Ser XHero Honeione,had
in his collection one cojy of Bruni*s translation with the preface
and another of the coamentaxies on both booJcs (97fl2l)
54
The social olasses we have so fsur met aß the public audience
of Bruni is what we would expect» But the broad and fairly rapid
diffusion of the first hnmanistic version of the Economic s is.to
a high de,^ree,attributabl0 to the clergy. Regulär and lay clerics
of all ranks,mostly thosa in Italy,Spain and later in Genaan spealc-
ing coiintries,were intent on studying this pseucio«- Aristotelian work
in its huzijtanistic garb* In the 15th Century th« Economlca was an
integral part of Aristotelian moral philosophy and held a third
place in this part of the curriculuai in saecular and clerical in-
stitutions of higher learning, Furthermore^it must be kept in laind
that the higher ranking members of the clergy were scholars and
yrer^ eixidite members of the Upper classes who patronized the human-
ists and they shared with their ftanilies and friends literary tast-
es and preferences« What appearston first blush,to be «omewhat aur-
prising is that clerics should have had no qualis about the author
of this hturenistic version. In reoent years experts on scholasti-
cism and partisans of thin philosophical movement made much of the
controversy between Bruni and Alphonsus Burgensis,the bishop of
tr»<iitlon
** 56 *»
Leg veiölon wlth the pröfao© l)ut wlthout the coraaentary (192) 1»
boiind together with the Ethiog smd l^olitiog trs^slatlon» by Brunif
^^^ö Hh<g^;pricf translatlon by Oeor^lue Trapessuntlus and the Version«
by Gregörio ^Ifernste of the Hfö ^^a . Mo y^ll ft and Eu^tx^ap '$ti\tsßt
this oollection of /oriat ^telian writlng» on isoral philosophy ia in-
troduced by Brtuii*s ojcetoh of the lifo of /^ristotle ( Vita ArlstotO' ^
Üä)» '^''^ ^^*^ flrst leave of thl£?? parchm«nt coaex is tb« p; p&l eoat
Of ans» of NichoXa» V -^^ * A rlchly lllwfölnattd j^föjreteent oopy of
th© 0ntir<g aimotateü i;oonais4oa v<t;;r8lont^ou»d to^tetbor v^lth a th^o-
logic&l tr«atlaü0\^iis owjied by x^ops Cleiuent VXX,the fora«r earä.Olu«*
lio dö* ?w0älcl; hiäS papal coat of arm© om^^sent» the first pr^go.
The codex Is rxow ia the Biblioteca Laiirenalana (70)
6Q
Between 1451 &nil, 1453 whll-ij he was^ reaiding at Bressanoae (Bri«
xen}tCiar(l»MlcoXaua Cuaajnuj9 {icijuaijnted himself with tho Arlstotlo
trianslatlons by Bruni# ühere he ac'iuixed hÄndwritten oopiea of th«
Politios Si^ü EoQnaii:io3 Version, thi.» latter in füll ^m,d in an srrariÄO'
■! « i iii ün w n i ■ ■ »i o« i »Uli« ri irw » m i«« » i n i um M U M*»»»»«»—» r ^^
m^nt thfit a f#w yoEr» ocirller had beooKe the Standard form (48),ana
had his s®cretary copy the Etlucf Version» Card.Cusantas added in
the "r:,arii'ia:^ his own glossc» on the lolitipsj tr6t»:--5latlon hy Brurii«
Th6 three ms», war^ later boimu to^etVer with other huifi^nistic writ*
ings^three of them by Bnani,a^ici th® aodwxtwith the coat of ansus of
61
Ctti^&nuat^oc^^iü« a part of his oolleotion at ::ues »In the Csthod-
ral XibrEry of ToIöüo there 1» a copy (175) of Bruni's v^^rsion^
writtoa an j^t^QYmmnx in a fino Italian himanistlc script of tho
15th oentury,bo\m4i togcther v^ith unrolatod text»* ühö codex bolong«
62
ecltü^ th€ @ntry on the flyleav« indicatostto oara«2;eIa<la • i'h«i
Tradition
- 57 -
htuTianist scholar and collector of handwrltten books at a time when
the prlnted boolc was the order of the day,card.l>omenico Grimani
(d^l523),had in bis large collection probably two coples of part»
of the annotatcd Economic s Version, one of the comirientarles on both
books (40) and another^pennod at Rom« In 1494,whlch is now possibly
lost (220); it was aaong the books he left to the llbrary of the
•i^.tonio convent in Venice that perlahed in a fixe in 1687 # l'h«
extant copy of the coBBZientary^novy in Pari8,bears the maxks of a
6*5
faithful copy of the text as penned "^^ Antonio dl Mario '^ * 2he
Biost notable ms« of Brunl's Version from the libraries of archblsh*
ops and bishops Is the one In the Biblioteca Ambxoaiana (102) ♦ It
belonged to "'rancesco ?iocolpa3si,arohbi8hop of Milan slnce 1435i..
Picoolpassi was a llfe-long friend of Bruni; the chanoellor of Flo-
rence dedicated to him one of his earüer translations from the
Greek (1407) »the verslon of the Demosthenee oration 'Pro Cteslph^n «*
te* ♦ They were also in frequent corresponderice as the Brxinl Episto-
larlum tastifies and Bnxnl sent him an extensive lettcr about the
•'controversla Alphonsina** via their common tx\.Qn^. Decembrio. !rhe
Kconoiics copy,incidentally,i8 bound together with the controverali
64
£;
thica translation
A copy of the preface and book I of the Bru-
ni Version (140) in a codex contalnin^ a variety of humanißtic textj
65
was deposited in the Pal&ce Library of the bishops of Trent •
Johannes Hoth,bl3hop of troclaw at the tum of the 16 th Century,
jpossessed a paper codex with th© Et hl es Version by Argyropulos and
"t^® ^^'Conomics Version by Brnni (222), both penned in Italy durlng
the l$th centtiry* He donated the voltmie to a monastery in bis die-»
cese »»pro remedio anixne sue et suortua" and from there it took its
way into the free market of collectors . We also know a copy of
Tradition
• 38 -
the entlre work ty Brunl (49)imost likely written in Gerniany befor«
1477|vvhich belon^ed to a canon Paxil Megk who gave it to the Doiaixxl«"
can monsstery at Regenal)urg . Cathedral libraries were favored
repositorles fax Codices containing,among other texts,the Bnmi
Version of the Econoitlcs- The llfcrary of the Florence cathedral
i j n iij » i i ia ii i i i | i j i Hi l l » ■»
possessed one such codex with the Arlstotle translations by Bnmi,
amon^^ thexn of course the Economic g (78), and also some of hiö Plato
veraions; the texts in this parchment volume were eleßBiitlj writ-*
ten and the Initials of each booJc illiüsinated • The copy done
lor the collection of the cathedral at Constance (51) has heen
ment. oned already« ^e still find copies in the libraries of Spanish|
cathedrals - the one in the Toledo cathedra! was just cited - but
we have no infoansiation as to Valien they were depositod there#
i'he part the regulär clergy played in dissesninatin^ the Bruni
Version can hardly be overrated» We do have a fevv data on copies
that were in convent libraries in the 15th Century, but we do not
know how ir.any manuscriptö circulsting outside monasteries were
perined in their scrlptoria» Many copies are written in a acript
pointin^ towards this ori^in Bnd the explicit3 or brief note« at
the end of the text t,xe formulated in a manner characteristic of
cierical scribes* Thi& is not to imply that all copies in monastic
libraries v;ere of modest quality# Some were elaborate, written in
a fine humanistic script and omasiented richly v;ith colored initi*
als (15, 86, 152), but the ma.jority conforms to the simple style of
their ori^ins. The sotmty InfoariBations on thcse copies that belong*
ed to convent librtiries are indicative of the goneral tendencies
in the Scholar öiiip of the various orders,f(;uailiar to us from bet*»
Tradition
- 59 -
ter documented Observation»» The relatively largest niziRbers of manu<
Scripts of the Bruni Version were in the collections of Dominican
and Benedictine conventö« One copy (59)fnow in the Unlversity I»i-
brary of Bologna fComes from the Boißinican convent in that city and
another one (161) »now in the Bihlioteca Nacional in I^adrid,from
the Dominican convent in Piacenzia. The tTnivcrsity Library of Bar-
celona reoeived a oopy (152) from the Bominicans in the saise city
Sind the Bayerische Staatsbibliothek took one (49) over from the
Dominican jnonastery of St.Blasius at Regensburg. The Dominican mon-
astery at Vienna possessed before 1515 a codex of Aristotelian
writin^s,ajnong them the Bruni version of the Economics (218),but|
though the monastery still exists^the codex cannot be located. Next
tu the fivc pieces in Dominicari librariee there are another five
tracoable to Benedictine abbeys» Two were in the library of the
Florence abbey; the one (86) which probably originated there ,now
in the Florence Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale, is oontained in an
codex of Bnmi's Aristo tle translations arranged according to the
dates of their coinposition,and the other (80),foanrierly in the StrosB<
zX collection sna. now in the Laurenziana,is boimd together with
Bruni •« Ethicg translation» A copy in Holkham Hall (15) coißes orig-
inally from the Benedictine monastery at Piaeenzia. The now dis*
solved Benedictine monastery at Wiblingen in South West Oenr-any is
reported to have owned a copy (219) which must hsve been written in
B?.sel before 1451,while the Benedictine abbey at Ottobeuren in Ba-
varia still possesse» its copy (50) that ?;as penned in the lata
15th centiiry. The two mss» (180,182) in the Carthusian monastery
at Basel and the one (186) in the Carrelite monastery on Zurichberg
were already ©entioned»
rntiifYpi«! ^jr.tJJflBWUHllimBIH
(Tradition
- 40 -
Saecular and regulär olerlos in the second half of the 15th
centiiry chose Bruni's Version aa base for their üconomios oomaien-
taries composed in the traditional soholastic style. COBimentaries
on Aristotelian writinga on moral philoaophy,compared with those
on logic and natural phllo8ophy,were at no time numerous and those
on the £conomic8 very infrec^^uent» The gecond half of the 15th cent*
uxy is no exception to this rule# Of the three coimEentaries froiß
this time,based on the Bruni Version, two were authored by clerios«
In 1467 Guglielmo Bechi (ßuilelmus BecchiU8),bi8hop of Fiesole, coa«
pleted bis conimentary on the Ec^ ^.nomics Version by Bruni after writ«
ing an Sthics cocimentary (1465) and before preparing one on the
Polltios (1476),both also based on the translatlons by Bruni
69
The comrtientaries by Bechi reasained unprinted* The first goonomics
commentary on the Bruni version to appear in print was ei^idently
the one by a Dionysius de Burgo S* Sepulchri,published in c.1495
at Toulouse (GW 2436) # In the follov/ing year the conanentary on the
Bruni version by Pedro de Castrovol (Fr »Petrus de Castro vole) was
printed at Pamplona (Hain*Copinger 4654) # Pedro de Castrovol who
was provincial of the Franoiscan oonvents of Aragon in 1489-91
wrote,like Bechi, oommentaries on the ithics , £conoijsics ana PpXit^iOjS
and used in all three the translations by Bruni aa his texts» He
coijjposed hi» Economios eomnentary already in 1481 but it was print^l
ed only in 1496,together with his Politios conimentaiy
70
Tradition
- 41 ••
IV
One group of potential students of Brunl*s Econoinies Version
is practically miasing in the list of l$th Century known scribes
and ovvners of its handwritten copie» - soholars and teachers con-
nected wlth institutions of higher learning where Aristotelian aor-
al philosophy was a subject of the ctarriculuiL, Courses excluslvely
devoted to the study of the :^oonorLics were rare while in courses
dealirig with moral philo sophy in general the Economic s had its
place ♦ The variou« ahhreviation«, surveys (tabiil^e), compendia and
particularly the so~called auotorltatea wlth summaries of chapters
and pDxaphrases of the salient passages from the viirious vorks by
Ari3totle,composed for the beneflt of studenta preparing for exain-
inations^contained invariably oae page or more of quotations from
or suisTDories of boolcs I and III (the üb er s ec undus in the Dtirand
71
and Bruni Version) of the Econonnic; ^ , From this textbook liter-
II <■■ m * m
ature wo knavj that the Ilconomics was a part of the prescribed knowl-
edge of i^lstotolian philosophy. The quotations also indicate that,
if the work itself was studied,it was read in the yotmger medieval
Latin Version» Scholars and imiversity teaohers resorted for more
intensive studiea to the older medieval Latin translation of all
three books#
Wlth occaaional exceptions,the late scholaetics of the 15th
Century ignored the Baruni version and his commentary on it, One
Tradition
- 42 -
such exceptlon mlght hs.ve been the anonymouB scrlbe who oopied
both books with the coinmentaries In th« margins (211) but left out
the preface and aupraacrlhed the first book wlth the words *Blffer-*
entie Economice et Polltlce", the traditlonal title of »cholastic
coßsment rles on the flrst book • It i» syxßptopiatic that the 11-
brarles of universitle» kno^vn for Aristotle studies In the IJth
Century like Paris, Paöue and Bologna have no copy of the Brtml Ver-
sion from that time that belonged to the llbrary in the 15th Cent-
ury or is recognlzably frojn the collectlon of a faculty member* In
institutions of higher leerning such as edleres located in the aami
places as these universitles there were *pookets of realst^oioe** to
the official antl-hi2sianist attitude as we know from Paris exkd Paatta*
The ünlversity of Paris has now a copy already cited (42) which wae
penned in 1486 for Odon Charlier who taught at the College de Laon*
Some teaehers on the staff of this College as of the famous College
de Cardinal Lemoine were sympathetic to humanistio studies and
therefore ea^er to get acquainted with the Arlstotle translations
by Brini which were not acceptable at the Sorbonne« In the late
1480*» and early 1490 *s Jacque» laethvre d'Etaples taught at the lat^
ter College Arlstotelian laoral philosophy from the Bruni texts
which he began oditing for the press a few yeaxs later ^^^ In uni-
versitles not a$ leading in Arlstotle studies as the ones mentioned
but where of course the moral philosophy of Arlstotle was taught»
htimanistic tendencies even among i'aculty members teachlng this sub-
iect were not rare at the beginning of the l6th Century* One of
them was the tTniversity of Frelbxirg l»Br#; already In the last qviBT*
ter of the 15th centxury poetry .!ind eloquenoe was taiight there by
74
h-umanists • In the llbrary of this university there is a oopy of
Tradition
- 43 *
of the Bruni Version (45) however penned as Xate ae 1507fP©rhap«
even from a printed editioUfby a Konrad Schraude from Allcnapaoh»
In tiiat year,incidentally,the huaanists at the Freibur^ university
were in a particularly aggressive mood.
During the last decade of the 15th Century the school philo-
sophers in anu outside Italy came imder the preasiire of an erudit«
public with a humanistic literoty taste in all areas including the
study of Aristotelian moral philosophy. In 1483 the Paduan profea-
sor Hicoletto Vernia prepared the first printed editlon of Latin
versions of the Aristotelian coarpus then studied there. In fact^it
was an edition of the Averroes oommentaries on theae writings as
far as then available, The Aristotle texts were the medleval trans-
lationsj for the EconogiiQs IJiooletto selected the earlier medieval
Version of the three hoolc» ^^. His edition was printed at Venioe
by the printer-publishers Andreas Torresanus and Bartholomaeus de
Blövis in three folio toznes and issued in two different typograph-
ical arrangements (GW 2337 and 2338)* fhia impressive and luxurious
parchment edition was not reprinted» ■"hen his dlsoiple Agostino
tlifo in 1495 prepared a new edition of the Averroes comir.entaries
with the texts of the Aristotelian writinss,these texts were huajan*
istic Latin translations ♦ In the second part of the second tome,
printed on April 26,1496 by the brothers de Gregoriia for the pub-
lisher Octavianus Sootua (GV/ 2340), the JSoonoinics appeared in the
Version by Bruni and,6ince there is no Averroes comnentary on the
Bconomicstwith the commentary by Bruni. What might have indÄced
the editor and publisher to laalce this change was the fact that six
years earlier the Venioe printer-pub lisher Bemardinus Stagninus
Traditio»
had put on the market ,with obvloua «uccessfa collectlon of Aristo*
telian works in humanifttic translatlons (GW 2339)* In the same y«ar|
in vjhich tha de GregorÜB brothers finishcd their part In the Nifo
edition they began println^ f or the publisher Benedictua Fontana
another collectlon of Arlötotellan texts in hixmanlsilc versiona
(uW 2341) In whlch the gconoKlgg appeared in tha trsoialation by
Brunl but without the GOßaaentary* The tide had tumed«
At the con^encement of the same deoadOfin c*I49Xfthe Gologne
printer-publisher Heinrich Quentell broiight out the Sconoialcs in
the translation by Durand (GW 2431) with a »cholastio ooimnentary
by Johannes Ver30r,a magister of the Sorbonne and a eoholar of
76
Thociistia orientation • This edition was reprinted once,probably
in 1495 (GW 2432)» Ho other acholastic comisentary based on a medi-
öval Economica version i» known from that time* In the first two
mämummtm n um ■ ■ n
decades of the 16th centtiry two scholastic conaaentaries were print-
edjboth based on the Brunl version« fhe one is from the pen of the
Seottish Scholar William (Gilbertus) Crab,a professor at the Col-
lege de Bourgogne in Paris • His Economips ootmentary^publiahed at
an unknown date by Jean Petit at Paria, was apparently based on the
edition of the Bruni Version by JaCQUea Leflvre who added to the
two books (I and XII) translated by Banmi an anonyrooue humanistic
Version of the genuine book II« Crab coaposed his coam^ientary in
the Nominalist tradition with whioh he identified himaelf in an
edition of the Ethics Quaestiones by Jojan Buridan and Martin Le-^
maiötre anu in his Ethics coinföentary froia a later date» This com-
bination of a echolestic conaRontary with a humanistic Aristotle
text vm& an Innovation, thou^h not an extreme procedura, for an Aris-
Tradition
- 45 •
totXe cojamentatay in Paris in the early I6th Century ' '♦ A »iailar
compromise wa« effected hy Virgilius Wellendorf er, a mogister of
theology and philosophy of the unlversity of Leipzig and a teacher
of both subjects there. The orientation of the arts faculty at ÜlaAp-
i^tpzlg imlversity was Thomlstic ttntil the humanistic reform of
1519. The highly stylissed goonoaios conanentary by Wellendorf er ön
Brunl^s Version, publiehed at Leiwig in 1511 »was pattemed after
the Arietotle commentaries hy Walter Burley; it was written in form
of conclusions reaohed in the treatment of each pasaage of the Ariß*]
totelian text ^. Theae two coEunentaries are samplea of the last
minute attempt on the part of scholastic scholars to coiae to terms
with the onrushing htunanistic ajovement in the first two decades of
the I6th oentury; the atteinpt,however,failed to save this philoao-*
phioal tradition from its doom*
These facts about the struggle between humanistic and scholast-
ic or^entation in the atudiea of Aristotelian moral philosophy be-
tween 1490 and 1520 have to be jkept in minci if we want to nnder-
etand the signifioanoe of five handwritten coplea of the Bruni Ver-
sion stezuixiing froBi this period. One copy (I49)tpemied in 1518 by
Christopher Koszuoki^a nobleman from Poznan, oonaista only of the
two books of the loonomios in the translation b/ Brimi| oa the pagei|
containing the text of book I we find between the lines glosaes and
in the margins an tmideatified cominöntary *^'* Ariother copy (150),
probably written in the late 15th Century and now in the llbrary
of the University of Wroolaw,has only book II,accompanied by an
unidentififöd commentary in the margins ^^. AI00 from the late 15th
Century is a ms* in a probably Oerman hand (50),now as then in the
Tradition
- 46 -
Benediotin« abbey of Ottobeurtn; tlie t^xt Qt the two books trazmla-
tcd by Bruni is broicen up into passages and each passage is follow-
ed by an uziidentified coi^^aaentary« The axraxisement of the coißffient&ry
is very auch like that by William Crabj its style reminds one of
81
late scholastic conrnientoxy literature • The most elabort.te late
scbolastic Econoiaica oommentary - in style,arrangement and content
reaembling the work by Wellendorfer - is contained in a manuscript
(46) from possibly 1515 inow belonging to the library of the Hamburg
university; the Brxrni Version of both books of the SconOBilc3 »erves
merely as a text arid is also broken up into lengthy passa^cs which
are not yet characterized a» chapters as in the edition by Lef^vre
. A somewhat puzzling pi«ce ia a ms« (148) in the libr&ry of the
Poliah Acadej&y of Soienoes at Krakow; it was written like the other
texts in this codex, mainly writings by Fioino and Latin versions of
works by Plato,in 1505 by a Polish humanist Bernard from Lublin^Ä
disciple of the Italian huicanist Filippo Buonaccorsi di S.Gemignano,
The manuscript contains excerpts froin the two books of the Sconomio^
in the translation by Bruni. The aorlbe did not indioate the pur-
pose of his excerpts. I should venture to guees that he icight have
intended them for that kind of textbook literature kno^m as auotori'
tates« As I observed previously,the guotations from and paraphrase»
of the Econoßdcs text in the auctoritates of that time caae from
the medieval Latin Version by Durands Perhap8,what Bemard has had
in mind was a hximanistic variant of the auctoritates* What makes me
believe so is the fact that , contrary to the custom» of humanista,he
deleted all sentences of a purely literary nature and concentrated
on matters of Aristotelian doctrine to which the scholastios paid
Traaition
- 47 -
thelr öole attention. The five cited manuscrlpt» are therefore not
the ordlnary falthful coplea of the Brtmi text but more or lese
edited adaptatlons of it to scholastic llt^rature.
The deslre of late scholaatics to provide thelr own commen--
tarles to Brunl's veralon Aasperfectly imderstandable. In the pr«-
face and In the annotations to his gconogiicy translatlon Bruni a*-
voided to come to grips with some of the basic issuea that the
authors of these pseudO'-Aristotellan treatlses posed to thelr
»cholastic Interpreter» • He Informed his readers in the aubtitle
of his Version and also in the pref ace that the EoonoBaios - he was
referring to boofc I only - deals with this part of the practical
philosophy of Aristo tle that has come to be Imown by its Latin name
as the »»res familiaris*. \^at exactly the subject matter of this
science is beyond forraulating precepts on how to increase the
wealth of the «faxally** he did not ftirther investigate nor did he
go deepcr into the difference between this discipline and the two
others,one being the ••res publica** and the other what the later
Peripatetics and also the Scholastios called **Ethics**. In regard
to the last one he cerefully slighted over its scholastic denomina-'|
tion as "res monastica** and merely characterized it as a sclenoe
concernud with precepts regulating our ©oral behavior»
He also failed to taJtee a stand on the theories developed by
the authors of the two treatises on the nature of govemment which
constitutes the basic difference between th© two sciences of the
•res publica** and the "res faffiiliaris*',the one being the science
of the largest social unit,the polity (civita»),and the other of
"•»* ■ iK V*» vwwm
Tradition
- 48 -
of the amaller uiiit,the f&mtly or household (doiBus)# Accordlng to
the author of the flrst book of the Economlca - most probably an
early Peripatetic ^^ - th© form of "govemment" In a family 1» a
deslrable one-man rule whereas the pollty ia govemed by msjiy man*
Implicitly refarring to booJc I of the Polltlcs >thl3 thesla on the
dlffersnce between a family and a polity would mean that what,ac-
oording to Arlstotle, would be an idea l govemmont for the polity ^
i»e# a monarohy,if it were practically possible - is,accorLiing to
the author of booJc I of the Economic 3 # the factual goverrment in
the family. Ariatotle found that the polities in his own time were
administered not by Bonarchs or arlatoorat© - whose rule he con-
aidcred as desirable a3,unfortunately,unattainable tr butfin the
best of circumstanceayby a good oiti2enry whlch he olasaified as
84
a govemment of the multitude or of **the many* . The author of
book I of the Economica presumes such govejTunent by "the many** as
the prevaiji3ig one without further specifying whether it is of the
•normal *• (polity) or of the "corrupted** (♦'democracy*) type# The
author of book XII of the Bcononiica (the IIb er secundug of Bruni)
- most probably a later Peripatetic - in discuasing the adminia-
tration or **govemment** of the houaehold shifts the emphasia to-
werd the v/ife of the paterfamilias and assigna to her,although her
huaband still lays down the law even in such matt er a aa to whom
ahe may admit to her »♦realm^'ta much greater importanoe and 8ignifi-|
cance than the author of book I doea.
Topics of this sort were of course welcome subjects for
acholaatic disputations and commentariea* Bruni aisooursed in hia
86
commentary on aome pragmatic aapeots of these problema with re-»
Tradition
- 49 -
ferönce to Cicero who for the scholattic conjinentators too wa» the
great authority on these mattersjbut he shunned disputes about tbe
nature of the respective s^iences of the res publica and rea fami-
liaris» He confined hixnself to a discussion of govemment by para-
phrasing bock I of the Politioa and presUffied»without further c[uea%
tioningtthat the author of book I of the Eoonomics had in mind a
**polity",a desirable foana of a govemment by the nailtitude ana it»
elected ana appointed magistratea as adininistrators • Aa to the
öcienqesjhe silentXy acoepted the scholaatic triad of MÖiES-t^SÜ*"
tios and Economic s and, not quite persistent with what he has aaid
about wealth aa being condiicive to the practioe of vir tue tiiiä its
actiuisition in honest wayö,aÄsigned the ref lection on moral oonduct
to the science of Ethica alone, Bruni's simplified prescntation of
Aristotelian practical philosophy and ita three branches aeems to
have been widely accepted l:iy hunianista in later generations. Barto-
lozmieo della Fönte, a professor of poetry ana oratory at the Univer«-
aity of Florence,delivered in 1484 an Qration on the Good Arta (Ora-
tio in bonaa arte»)in which he explained the easence of moral philo«
aophy« Form hin. aa for Bruni ^moral philosophy consista entirely in
action and ia in ita tu3:Ti devided into three parte» 'Peraonal*
(•^propria*) philosophy inetructs aian himaelf and teaches the morala
of man in the best maxmex» Domestic philoaophy diaposea of the honite
87
and faniily# Civil philoaophy moderates and rules the city* " ♦
If a reader of Bariini's SoonoBiic^ version and even of his commen-
tary aought further guidance on the issuea raised by the author (s)
of tiila apurious Aristote^centiiry Engliah traveller Sir John Man-»
deville« who oompoaed in Nor»an-»Frenoh hie fan'^
oiful Story of narvellous experieneea in the Eaat
and ooffipleted hie narratlve in 1556» 2^u» far
about 250 handwritten eopies are known, 200 of
the »ore widely ciroulated one» are extant in
five languages * Gesnnan and Dutoh (73) f Latin
(oa. 50), English (ea. 40 in at leaot three dif-
ferent tranalationa), French (37) -► and the rest
Brunl's Publlo
- 19 -
In Spanlsht Itallanf 0«ftch and Old Irlah«
The
othor very populär work ia th« Kngliah chronlele
Brut [« Brutus» the nythleal great grandson of
Aeneas of Troy, tbe founder of New Troy, l#e#
London] by the early 13th eentuary olorlc Iiayamon»
The tradltlon of the text ie eomewhat Involved»
hut not as ©uoh by fax aa that of the Brunl Ver-
sion of the KGonoRdcg t insofar as two dlfferent
texte are Jmown, a text A froa 1205 and a text
B, in faot a paraphrase of text A, from 1275 ♦
The ehronlele was also trsnslated into Latin*
An Inconaplete llsting of the mss. of the two
Bngllsh texts copled prior to 1480, i«e* for
alttost three centuries, oomprises 1212oopie9*
"The Wide diffusion of the Brut in »anuscript*!
wrote an English scholar, *and the numerous
printed eöitions which appeared between 1480 and
2
1530 would alone ma3ce it important*'.
A third set of Statistical figuree bringe us
oloser to otir area. It i« a recently ooaipiled
catalogue of the extant eopies of Ovid'e Meta*
laorphoses « penned from the lOth to the 17th oen-
turies« Altogether 590 item» fron these seven
oenturies are there listed* I oounted 159 lass.
written in the 15th oentury and another 4 fro»
the 16th oentury. The total number of copiea
frosi the 15 th oenttaxy of the three then oirou-
Bruni*ft Publlo
lating Latin Eoanomlos versloas ^ two aedleval
one» and the Brunl translation * a«ount to 260«
Of th6 Brunl version alone wa Icnow 219 axtant
oopiea froa tha 15th oantuary an<ä 4 froxn the aar*
ly 16 th Century • !rhu8, the apurioua work by Arla«
totle atanda up wall in oomparlaon wlth tha work
by Ovid in its appeal to a partly idantlcal pttb-
lie* Rad we completa figuras for the Knglish
ohronlola BrtjJ, I prasuae that in comparison the
Bruni Version may still come out ahead of the
chroniolOt but it doea not outdo the suoeess of
the travelogtie by Sir John Mandeville«
Finally, we ©ay compare the diffmslon of the
humaniötic Economios version by Bruni with that
of the medieval Latin translations « As to the
lattert we will oonfine ourselves to the two
translations whieh actually oiroulated in the
13th and 14 th oenturies and wer© still belng
oopied in the 15th oenturyt tha older tranala-
tion ( translatio vetue ) of the three booka by
an anonyjBous author, done about 1280, and the
younger translation or revision of the first
mxd thlrd booka of the older one by Dturand
d'Auvergne ( reoenaio Burandf ). coapleted in
1295* Of the two aedieval tranalations the
one by Durand was the more populär; the au-
thore of the jiriatoteles Latinus and its Sup*»
- 20 -»
Brunl's Public
4
plemttnts list altogether 76 eoples of It* The
total niimber of the ooples of the tranglatlo v»t' -
U£ Ustea tb«rt amo\mt3 to only 17« Further re«
search will turn up eopiea und6t«eted so far^ de*»
terinine the natura of the taxts not yat idantified
and alixninata others that ara in faot the Bruni
Version or darived from it»
If wa break down further the totals into the
nucibers of aas« penned before and after 1399 we
may catch a gliznpse of the rivalry between the
medieval translatione and the Bruni version* In
the courae of the 15th Century 36 oopies were
made of the ü\irand Version in addition to the 5
copies of the older one jUBt mentioned* We de
know the diätes of merely 9 copies of the Durand
Version« One was penned while Bruni *8 work was
still little known (1429) and the eight othera
after the translatlon by Bruni had gained wide
circulation (1441t 1459t 1461, 1468 twice, 1472,
1474, 1488) • It is furtherKore worth noting that
17 copies of the Durand Version froia the 15th
Century wer« either certainly written in ßencany
(3) or posaibly there (1) or probably in Boheoiia
(1) and that of the other 10 only one was oertain««^
ly penned in Italy and the remaining nine proba*
bly in Italy, France or Spain» As results fro»
theße data and as will be shown later in detail.
• 21 •
Brunl's Pubitc
the Bnml Version f irst circiilated and rei laced
the üiiTÄnd vexslon In Italy and becaio© gradtxally
toown in Spaln and in the Horthem oountries not
böfore the Xate 146ü*s by way of handwritton cop«*
iea and printed editiona as well«
Wbila the two medieval Latin translatlona of
^^^ Bconottios were less frequently oopiad in the
15tb Century than in the 14th eenturyt th€ total
nuißber of zass, of the I»atin gponomioa versions
froffi the 15th Century was fout times aa large as
the ntmiber penned in the previous Century» About
5/6 of the 15th-century oopies were those of the
Bruni Version« It waa quite a success for a work
by Bruni, but by no means spectaoular a» far aa
disaeißination of his trai^alatione and writings
goea« Since there are no atatietical figures a«»
vailable for any of hia other works» I oan only
suöijßariae impreseions gathered in leafing throtigh
a vast ßiasa of eatalogues of manuacript oollec-»
tione and Professor Kristeller*« Iter Italiou» «
I would differentiate between three groups of
works by Bruni aocording to the nuaber of hand-»
written copieai (1) thoae of which more than 300
copies are extantf mainly translations fro© the
Greek such aa Xenophon*s ^Tyrannue or St. Basil's
6
De atudiia aaeoularibua ; (2) those of which
200 or ^OQ copiea £ire ^T^&exvQü auch as hia trans-
- 22 -
Brunl*ß Public
latlons of the EtMcß, EoonoBslcs and Folitlcs by
/oristotle; (3) thos« of whloh less than 100 oopie»
are known to exist such as moct or all of Bnmi*s
ovm, original worlrs* I thereby try to be on the
conservativ© slde, and I should not be aurpriaed
If the nuEibers of oopi«s of bis translation» of
wrltlng« by Pl&to and Plutarch t»ould far exceed
the 300 xaark. The Kconomios veroion would be in
the Iowas t third of group (2) whilo hi© Ethios and
Politioa translationa would figure in the seoond
or first third of this group with nuTibers of rosa*
exceeding by a good margin the nmiber of copies
of the annotated Bconog^iog Version»
- 25 -
Brunl'B Public
APPENDIX II
Siirvey of tht Extant Manuscrlpt».
No blbllographer can clala that his coispila-
tion ia complete, but I do hope that this siirvey
of extant manuscripts oomprisös the bulk of the
handwritten copies of Brtmi'e annotatad Latin Ver-
sion of the pseudo^-Aristotelian Eoonomloa preserv-
ed in known oollections* Listed are also a few
copies whioh are thought to be lost or reported
to hava ciroulated in the recent past but oould
not be located» My juain souroe of primary infor-
mation about the extant copies wer© the printed
cataIogu<$s of ©anuscript colleotions#
llad I xelied exclusively on this souroe» I
would have found no more than half the number of
items listed here* It was my good fortujae that
Professor fCristeller made svailable to xne in 1957
the typescript of the niajor part of hl» Xter Ita- >
licmat A Finding Li.st of üneatalo^ued or Inoo» -
pletely Catalogued Humanlstic Manusorlpts of the
M»mmmmmi0^imMimmmmmtmmm*mmiiiitmmamm i i m mmmmmmmmmtimimmmmim» » n «www— um i ii m tittiMiimlimimmmmmmmmmmmiinmmm
Henaissanoe in Xtalian or other Libraries > The
first voiußie of it was published in 1965 jointly
by *Xhe Warburg Institute in London and E*J» Brill
Brunl*« Public • Appendix II
in Leiden* A eecond volume is in preparation»
Gopies listed in the two volume» are marked by
reference to the page in the Xtef t I and II.
Copiee which will be included in future volumea
are identified as being derived fron tbis eourse
by xinspeoified reference to the Iter » Froa 1957
to 1966 Profesaor ICriateller fumished me with
additiona to the material whieh X had aeen in the
before mentioned typeacript« These were eopiea
which he located in Spain and in oountriea in
Central and Eaatern Europa; they are deposited
in colleetions for whioh no printed inventorlea
exist« Although only 35^ of the itesui in the
aurvey beor reference to the Iter « an addition*»
al 15^ would not be there had they not been apot-
ted by Professor ICristeller in inventoriea which
failed to identify the copies as Brunl*a work or
in rare cataloguea to which I had no aocesa« For
hia help and his oontinuoua and moat patiently
tendered advice at everj sta^e of my labora I owe
Profesaor Kriateller more than can be expresaed
in strengest worda of grateful actaowledgment«
The deacription in the auarvey of each copy of
Bruni*s annotated Latin veraion of the Economic a
ia conf ined to an indication of the leaves in which
it is contained and whether the entire work or
merely part of it was penned« The copled parte
- 2 -
Bruni*t Public « Appendix IX
are eniai&erated in the ord«r in which they appear
in thd »a« If the eopy is bound separately, tbe
notation ♦»ood«" pr^cedes the Signa ture of the co-
dex« Not inoluded in the survey are data on the
Codices containin^ a oopy; they are aubnitted in
thö preoedin^ study whenever the anaXysis of the
tranamlssion of Bnmi*3 work or of its prolifera-
tion calla for it« In aecertaining the oomponents
of the eopied texts and the {;^ualitie8, contents
and provemance of the Codices containing theni I
received generous help from man/ sides« The Aj^er -
ican ppuncil of Leamed Socletiee gave me f inan-
• 3 «
,,,,,A<>-,»-..u.<'>~-««--»'~'""'
cial Support for proourlng microfilaje of copies
that recit^lred cloaer study» Kxtensive deeorip-
tions of copies of Bruni's work and of the Codi-
ces in «hich they are contained as well as mioro^
filme of copies wäre supplied by librarisns and
scholara in an adsiirable spirit of helpfulness*
My special thanks are due to Dr« Max Bturckhardt
», ,„.^..^....->..r-.-..— --— -"'■■^■^^^"'^^
(Basel), Dr» ?/* 0« Hassal (HolkhajB Hall and Bod-
leian Library), T)r# R» W# Htint (Bodleian Library)
and Hev# Dr« Josä Lopes de Toro (Biblioteca Ita-
cional, Madrid) for providing »e with detailed
descriptions of items in their collectlons, to
Dr» Marian Pelczar (Gdanak) for establishing for
»e contaots outaide bis library, to Honsignor
Jos^ Kuysschaert {Vioe-prefetto, Vatican Library)
,' v^'
Brunl'3 Public - Appendix II
whoss xnagnaieinous help exoeedfiid by fAX what I was
entitled to «xpeot# to Dott» Irma Merolla Tondi
(BibIiot9ca Medicaa Lauranziana) who asaiatad me
in föany wayo in order to asdure oorreotneaa of ny
descriptlonsi and Mlle« Jeanne Vialliard (Institut
de Haoharoha et d^Hiatoira daa Taxtaa» Paria) vrho
aided zny work with her personal initiativ« and tha
aasiatance of her resourceful ataff •
I a).ao fael indebted to tha following librari«*
ans and aoholars who anawared loy inquiries to an
extent bayond tha call of dutyt Dott« ügo Baron*-
colli (l^yasoia)y Prof« M* Beraano Bagay (Torino}^
Prof» Alberto Broglio (Rovigo), Dr* Butzmann (Wol-
fenbüttal)| Dott# Attilio Caroai (Bibllotcoa Pro*
vinciale, Vitarbo), Prof. Adolfo Getto (Trento),
_j ■^ ....... -. - ■ .-'.■ • -.■.-
Sig» Valantino Cfeioochatti (Roverato), Bott# luela
Taimnaro Conti (Orvieto), Bott« Domanico Corsi (Ar**
ohivio di Stato> Lucea), Bott« Giuseppe Cortasi
(Havanna) t Prof. Don Iraneo Daniele (Blblioteoa
dal Sesiinario Vaaeoviley Padova)» Br» Cft^xlen J.
Ermatinger (Vatioan Uloxottlm Library» Saint Louis)»
Mrs« Irena Fabiani«*Madeyaka (Gdansk)» Bott* Pier«
rina Fontana (Blblioteoa Casanatenae)^ Bott« Marta
Friggeri (Biblioteea Oovemativa, Lucoa), Bott«
Gino Caroai (Siena), the late Bott. Alberto Öiral-
di (Biblioteea Nazionale Centrale, Florence), Br«
Hermann M. Goldbrunner (Deutsches Historisches In-
^ 4 -
3runi*« Public - Appendix II
*«• 5 •*
."•i^^^t"^-*^**
Btitut, Home), Dott. Ouerriara Guerrleri (Naples),
Dr» Hennig (ünlversltatdblbliothok, Frulburg !♦
Br«)> Dx. W» Ho«r»ann (Bayerische Staat sblbllO'^
thek)t DTm J# Hornung {üniv6r«ltät»bibllothek,
I1iblnge]a}t /bx« Kern (Badische landedbibliothek},
Pater Aogldiue Kolb, OSB (Benidiktinerabtei Otto-
beuren), DT0 Haue LueXfing (Deutsche StaatsblbXio*-
theJi)« 3r# Felipe C*K* li^ldonado (Fimdaclon Lazaro
Galdiano, Madrid), J>ott* Berta Maracchl (Blblio-
teca Rlccardiana), Rev» Prof« Florencio Marcoe
(Salamanca), Bett* Lucllla Marlanl (Blblloteca
An^elica), üott» Olga Jlarlnelll (Perugia), Dr«
Franpois Masai (BibliothÄiiu« Royale de Belgl^ue),
Bett, übaldo Meroni (Mantova), Bott* Biaga Mosul-
11 (Blblloteca Angelica), Mr# Wallace Kethery
(Unlverslty of Southern California, Los Angeles),
Rev. lix* Joseph iJowacici (Poznan), Bott» Angelo
Paredl (Blblloteca ^iiabroslana), Mr# Ht V, Pink
(Unlverslty Library, Cambridge, Engl*), Bott*
Pullattl (Modena), Bott# Olga Pinto (Rome), Br#
Eeginald (Stiftsbibliothek Melk), Bott. Giovanni
Slmonato (Palenno), Slgnorina Bianca foachi (Aress«»
20), Br# Franz ünterklrcher (Oesterreichieehe
Hationalbibliothek, Vienna), Br* C* E. Wrlght
(Beputy Keeper, British Mueeuia), Mr* Vladimir
' ■•--•■-■■■• ■■■^•■
Zavodeky (Prague-Strahov) and the librarlans of
the üniversiteltsblbllotheek, Leiden, the Biblio-
r«
HK
I t.»
'.^-'*T'',T '^^TT ~
•"»■
■*• -v» .?♦*«—•.■- '(-•«>«'-
BrutU'ö Public -^ App«ndJbc II
*• Q «•
V
,HVr*l,.
'^
teoa Palatina, Parxsia, the Biblioteca Conrunale,
Treviöo, and the Biblioteka TJnlwersyteoka, Wroö-
?faw* Mr* lenneth TxQyer of the Queens College
Library deserves my wärmest aoknowled^ent of hl«
help so freely ^Ivea.
Dr. Wolf gang Irtenkauf (Württembergische Landes-
bibliothek),
^V— L Tw^^
Ov-
U
ifv-vv! \
vt^
Jt-w^-^i
*' '^'
•^•^/t- >■
f'*")'^ ' It . v;
^«'«Ji
i
U.,c -HC
iCqdP
x-
.X
)
Leonardo Bnini's annotated Latin Version of the (
(pseudo-) Aristotelian Economics was the first and also
the most successful Renaissance translation of this an-
cient Greelc work on moral philosophy. For the greater
part of the 15th Century Bruni's translation was well
known through a sizable number of handwritten copies and
within a brief period of time replaced the medieval Latin
Version by Durand d'Auvergne which was still widely ac-
claimed. For these reasons alone a survey of the extant
1
manuscripts of the Bruni version would be ^ustified •
The present study is primarily intended to illustrate
how extensively this work by Bruni circulated. To estab-
lish this fact appears to be the more valuable as we know
so little about the public appeal of literary works in the
Renaissance« A review of the scribes and owners of the ex-
tant copies of Bruni 's work or, lacking such data, of the
places where they originated, where they circulated and
where they were deposited finally is likely to afford some
glimpses of its audience in the one Century after its first
publication (1420-1520). What exactly constituted its at-
traction will not be easy to ascertain« The Economics -
and more specifically the two of its three books which Bruni
translated - was considered an integral part of Aristotelian
moral philosophy in the Middle Ages as well as in the Renais-
Bruni's Public
- 2 -
sance and as such had already held the IntÄrest of schol-
ars and educated laymen alike for about 150 years before
Bruni's annotated Version appeared« The huxnanistic char-
acter of his Latin rendition and of his commentary made
Eruni*s work also a document of humanistic scholarship«
Its dissemination was therefore intimately connected with
the spread of that Renaissance movement* This dual appeal
may leave us in some doubt about the reason for the success
of Bruni's work,but the figures themselves leave no uncer-
tainty as to its popularity with identifiable groups in
certain areas at specified times# The list at the end of
this paper comprises 217 extant and 6 lost or not located
copies,penned in the course of the indicated Century.
Bruni's entire work consists of five parts: a preface
(dedicatory epistle), the Latin translation from the Greek
of book I| the humanistic adaptation of the medieval Latin
text of book III (the liber secundus in the Durand and Bru-
ni versions), a commentary on book I and a commentary on
book II of the Bruni translation. A brief sketch of this
text will be found in Appendix I. Only 34?^ of the extant
and known copies contain all five parts of the work (groups
N and I in the index of the manuscripts listed in Appendix
II). Another 43^ of the copies (group D) have the first
three parts of it: the preface, books I and II, but no com-
mentaries. The remaining 2% have eithear three parts - not
the mentioned ones, but e.g. the preface, book I and the
Bruni's Public
- 5 -
conunentary on book I • f two parts such as the prefac'e
and bock I, or even only one part such as the preface
or bock II alone«
The authors of catalogues of manuscrlpt collections
containing Bruni's work have observed that copies in
their collections were incomplete without being frag-
2
mentary • In agreement with them, I consider as frag-
mentary only those copies in which portions of any part
of the text are missing, be it because the text was not
completely copied or because portions of the text were
lost in the process of binding the leaves of a codex or
because leaves were evidently tom out of the codex.
Fragments in the sense so defined are infrequent} alto-
gether they amount to 13 items or about 6% of the total
number of extant copies. To the fragmentary copies may
be added those in which one entire part is missing for
similar reasons. In three instances (68, 126 and 166)
the arrangement of the text indicates that provisions
have been made for the inclusion of the wanting part
but that the scribe failed to pen it. In one case (146)
there is evidence that the leaves of the codex with the
missing part are lost. I listed these four copies (groups
G, L, M and one item in group H in the index) in their
actual and supposedly complete form. Essentially dif-
ferent from the fragmentary are the incomplete copies
which are comprising one or more parts of the annotated
Bruni's Pul)lic
- 4 -
-««..,
Version by Brunl but not all five of it or one or two
parts of the prefaced verslon without the commentaries
but not all three* Such omlsslons may have been motl-
vated by clearly discemible intentions or may be root-
ed in traditions customary at the time of penning. There-
fore I am distinguishing between intentionally and cus-
tomarily incomplete copies» Intentionally incomplete
are copies where one or more parts are left out because
the scribe did not see fit to copy the entire work although
it was known to him (such as 90,penned by Marsilio Ficino).
Ine lüde d in this category are copies of Bruni's annota«i-^.i
tions to the two books without his Version of the pseudo-
Aristotelian text and of one or both books of the Version
which were to serve as basis for commentaries by other
authors« As cus tomarily incomplete I would regard copies
evidently based on earlier ones that contained only two or
three parts presumed to be the entire work of either Aris-
totle or Bruni (such as 5 and 114). Intentionally or prob-
ably intentionally and customarily incomplete copies (groups
A, Bf C| S, ?9 Hy I and P in the index) add up to 42 items
or approximately 19?^ of the total number of the extant and
known manuscripts« Finally,one group (K in the index) re-
presents a hybrid type in that the Bruni Version of the two
books together with the preface, which can be considered a
complete copy of one sort, is combined with the commentary
on bock I only.
i\\
Bruni's Public
- 5 -
Among the intentionally or customarily incomplete
copies there are a good number which yield interesting
clues as to the genesis as well as to the peculiar
transmission of Bruni's worJc, This was the primary
objective of setting aside as special categories these
descriptive groups formed according to their textual
content. However,the deviding line between intention-
ally and customarily incomplete copies is not always as
clear cut as would be desirable. It is not unreasonable
to presume that the preface to the Economics Version,
as any preface authored by^humanist of such fame as Bru-
ni, would be copied for the sake of style and content.
Of one copy (63) of the preface we know that it was
written to honor the memory of Cosimo de* Medici to
whom the annotated Version was dedicated. But there is
no assurance that this was necessarily so with the other
preserved copies of the preface.
Brunl's Public
- 6 -
The Observation that an unusually large number of
incomplete copies of this work by Bruni exists does not
come as a surprise. A number of years ago, Hans Baron
drew attention to the fact that Bruni in the preface to
his annotated Latin version of the Economics talks of
only one book which he translated from the Greek and to
which he attached a commentary - an indication that Bru-
ni 's book II (the third book of the Greek original of
the Economics) and the commentary on it were not added
until some time later
This discovery puts an end to
the old riddle why Bruni, in his preface, should have
talked of having translated the Economics , although his
Latin text of the second book is not a translation but
merely sin adaptation to humanistic taste of one or per-
haps two medieval Latin translations« When Bruni worked
on the Economics , the Greek text of what he called the
liber secundus was already lost and recently scholars
have doubted whether even Dtirand d'Auvergne in his Latin
rendition of 1295 of the same text has seen the Greek
original* Since the preface was accompanied by the first
book alone, Bruni, at that time, could truthfully speak
of a translation«
If these assumptions are correct, we may expect to
Bruni's Public
- 7 -
find a number of copies that represent, or descend
from, manuscripts of the phase when the adaptation of
i
the second book and its coiunentary were not yet in e:c-
istence* Baron himself knew merely one such manuscript
(69), the transcription made by Antonio di Mario, now
cod. Laur. 79 c. 19, which has at the end of the com-
mentary to book I the following note by the scribe:
"Finis Commentarii super primo Libro Oeconomicorum.
Leonardus Arretinus edidit. Antonius Marius Florentin-
us scripsit V. Non. Martii MCCCCXIX. Valeas qui legis".
Reading the date in the Florentine style of chronology
- the year 1419 denoting the twelve months from March
25,1419 to March 24,1420 - Antonio completed writing
this segment of the Bruni work on March 3,1420. With
this manuscript he compared another, cod. Conv. Soppr.
C. 7. 2677 of the Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale at Floar-
ence which includes all of Bruni 's translations of Aris-
totle - both books of the Economic s (86) in addition to
the Ethics and Politics - with the correct dates for the
two latter translations. At the end of the liber secund -
US of the Economics (f.lOv) one reads« »• ... Leonardus
Aretinus tradtixit e Greco MCCCCXX". This note would in-
dicate that the whole work by Bruni - the prefaced trans-
lation of book I with the commentary on it and the adap-
tation of book II with the commentary - was completed
between March 25,1420 and March 24,1421. Leaving aside
Bruni*s Public
- 8 -
the scribe's ignorance of the fact that the second book
Is really only a humanistic adaptation of a medieval
Latin version and not a "translation*», his listing of
later date for book II makes successive publication of
the two books with their respective commentaries even
more certain. The same date for the completion of Bru-
ni's work on the Economics as given in the Florence ms«
may also be found at the end of book II (f »Tv) in an-
other copy (127) of the entire work by Bruni, cod. 1023
o
[R.7«4j,f.2-17 of the Biblioteca Angelica at Rome . In
addition to these evidences derived from the preface and
the three mss«, systematic examination of the entire man-
uscript tradition shows that there exists a whole group
of copies of the first segment that correspond to the
pattem foiand in iüitonio di Marions transcript.
As early as 1958, this writer knew and described
three mss* of this group
Their number has now risen
to nine, written at various times in the course of the
15th Century (group I in the index). The most impor-
tant copy, next to Aatonio di Mario *s transcript, is
cod.VIII.a.45,f .1-51 of the Biblioteca Nazionale at
Naples (114) • At the end of the commentary on book I
the scribe noted: '♦Leonardus Aretinus edidit. Scriptus
per me Andream de Amoldis de Florentia in mense Junii
1421»*. This otherwise unknovm scribe therefore penned
a copy based on the ms. from Antonio di Mario 's hand
— - -% --i—
Bnmi's Public
13 months after the latter was completed« A second :
dated copy (62) is the ms. cod.A.VII.l,f .96-117 of the
Biblioteca Queriniana at Brescia , written by Barto-
lomeus de Ganasonibus» a member of an old noble family
at Brescia, who completed his copy on September 18,1439.
A third copy (9), penned iÄ Italy at about 1459f is the
ms. cod. DB.V.6,f .13-36 in the library of the former
Strahov monastery at Prague . The fourth (38), the ms.
cod.lat. 11 138,f.49-65v of the Biblioth^que Nationale
7
at Paris , was written in a fine humanistic Script by
a Bartholomaeus Cersolus in 1471. Among the mss. from
unknown hands two are notable. The one (53) is the cod.
Perizonianus Q 18 of the Bibliotheek der Rijksuniversi-
o
teit at Leiden , a parchment copy which was circulat-
ing in Holland in the late 17th and early 18th Century
and was acquired in auction by the university for its
Perizonianus collection from the library of a classi-
cist at the Leiden University. The script appears to
be that of a professional scribe and the initial with
rieh Ornament ation in the margin on the first page would
point to Florence as the place of origin. The other
ms. (99) is cod. A.IV. 16, f .65-87 of the Biblioteca Com-
9
unale at Mantova , written on paper in the late 15th
Century and by the middle of the 18th Century still
circulating among Italian collectors.
Another variant of *one book" copies contains the
- 9 -
Bnini's Public
- 10 -
preface and book I only, but not the commentary on *
book I. There are nine such copies known (group B in
the index) ^. It is not unlikely that they may have
branched out from copies of the first segment of Bruni*s
annotated Version. We shall see later that among the
*»two book*» copies the earlier ones contain, besides the
preface, the two books and the commentaries on them,
while the younger ones have the preface and the Version
of the two books only. The same might have happened
with the "one book*» mss. Some scribes were perhaps ex-
clusively intent on acquainting themselves or those who
had them pen the copy with the "new" translation of the
pseudo-Aristotelian work and the preface of its author.
But why should they have copied the first book alone ?
If we were to presume that the copyist had a complete
"one book" ms. in front of himself , then we might have
a plausible explanation for the copies of these two parts
of the whole work. Only two of this variant of "one book"
mss. are dated. The older one (20) is a very beautiful
copy in a codex which is a celebrated English collectors'
item. The codex was until 1957 part of the collection
of C.W. Dyson Perrins and came then through public auc-
tion into the possession of an unknown private owner.
While still in the Perrins collection, the ms. was cod.
64,f.l99-205 . It was written by a Gaspar Garimbertus
at Milan, a professional scribe, for Giovanni Amerino,
Bruni's Public
- 11 -
auditor of Francesco Sforza, and completed on May 27 >
1451« About 13 years later, in or before 1464, the
scholarly Bohemian nobleman Johannes von (de) Raben-
stein, a friend of Enea Silvio Piccolomini, copied
the same two parts of Bnini's Version at Pavia where
he had temporarily retired to escape the religious and
political tribulations in his native country. The ms«
(2) is now cod.143 (Cpl. [454.bJ 59),f.62-63v of the
Stiftsbibliothek Schlaegl in Upper Austria
12
Three
other copies from unknown hands are noteworthy on ac-
count of the titles or notes at the end of the text,
One (5) is the ms. cod. Vindob. 3420 [ Philo s. 240 ], f. 124-
125v of the Oesterreichische Nationalbibliothek at
13
Vienna . It was probably penned after 1460 in Cen-
tral Italy, possibly in Siena. At the end of the text
the scribe observed: '•Explicit oeconomiconim liber Aris-
totelis primus Latinitati redditus et perfectus est,
non enim plures quam unum scripsit". ünless we pre-
sume that the scribe was unaware of any other trans-
lation of the Economic s and that he happened acciden-
tally on a "one book" ms. of the Bruni version, this
remark could indicate that some scholars at the middle
of the 15th Century had their doubts about the ascrip-
tion to Aristotle of the medieval and modern book III
(the liber secundus of Bruni). The copy (187) in the
MS. 78.1,f .72V-79 of The Newberry Library at Chicago
14
Bruni's Public
- 12 -
written in Italy in the 15th Century, "bears the la-
'I
conic suprascription: "Leonardi Arhetini interpreta-
tio Aristotelis opusculi de re familiari ad Cosmum de
medicis f lorentinum" . At the end of the ms. cod.2828
[Iata512j,f.l47v-158v of the Biblioteca üniversitaria
15
at Bologna (61) , in which book I is suprascribed
with "Incipit tractatus", is this notet ••L.A. ICHONO-
MICE. ARISTOTELIS. TRANSLATIO FINIT. FELICITER.« The
last two notes would seem to suggest that the scribes
were indeed Ignorant of the fact that there existed an-
other bock of the Bruni Version.
In summary, the "one book** mss. embrace two groups
of copies. The one consists of mss. containing the first
segment of Bruni 's work - the preface, book I and coimnen-
tary on book I - and these mss. appear to be copies of
that portion which Antonio di Mario penned and which he
completed on March 3,1420. The other group is made up
of mss. containing the preface and book I only. They
are possibly based on copies of the former type. The
probable or piain significance of copies of merely the
translation by Bruni of book I and of his adaptation of
book II (group E in the index) or of book II alone (group
F) or of excerpts from both books (group Q) will be taken
up in other contexts (parts III and IV) .
The predominant two types of 15th Century copies are
Bnini's Public
- 13 -
I
those of either all five parts, the preface, books I
and II and the commentaries on them, or of the preface,
books I and II. They pose a different set of problems
if the text as penned by Antonio di Mario is consider-
ed to be the archetype. It is unlikely, as Baron has
pointed out , that this is the presentation copy.
Although it was in the library of Piero de* Medici, the
son of Cosiino to whom the Version was dedicated, and
presumably has come from Cosimo's library, we also ob-
serve corrections in the margins from a hand yet uniden-
tified. But since there is no more authentic copy, the
transmission of the text should be studied with a view
at the arrangement of this first "two book" copy. Then,
r'
the history of the transmission should reveal three dif-
ferent forms of the Econoinics version by Bruni, with or
without the annotations, viz. (1) Preface, book I, com-
mentary on book I, book II, commentary on book II; (2)
Preface, books I and II, commentaries on both books, and
(3) Preface, books I and II in roughly this chronolog-
ical Order. These three forms are indeed represented in
the groups N, and D in the index and, as will present-
ly be shown, originated in the suggested time sequence.
The Antonio di Mario manuscript excluded, there are
eleven copies of the text written in the order in which
he penned it, two of them from 1425. It should be not-
ed that there is a slight but interesting difference be-
Brunl*s Public
- 14 -
tween the two dated mss.» in that in the one each book
is followed by the commentary on it, while in the other
the commentaries, in medieval fashion, are written in
the margins aroiind the versions of the respective books«
The first (198) is the ms. cod.Vataat.3347,f .38v-56v ^^,
penned by a Franciscus Beninus Nicolaus de Redolfinis
who completed it on May 25,1425 • He sold it, bound to-
gether with a copy from his hand of Plato's Grorgias in
the translation by Bruni, to the Sicilian scholar Nico-
laus Scyllacius. The other ms. of the same year (26) is
cod. 29438 [ MS. Add.C. 264 J,f .107-119 of the Bodleian Lib-
18
rary , written by a loannes de Manasseis de Interamna
at Florence. We find the arrangement of the text in the
Franciscus de Redolfinis copy in five other mss. from var-
ious times in the 15 th Century and the arrangement of the
text in the loannes de Manasseis copy in three other 15th
Century mss. Based on a copy of the latter kind was a
printed edition of the entire annotated Economics version
19
by Bruni which appeared at Siena in 1508 . The editor,
Bartholomaeus de Lombardia, persuaded the well-known print-
er-publisher Simon Nardi to put out this edition so as fto
preserve the work by Bruni for posterity". Editor and
Printer pretended to be not aware or perhaps were really
not cognizant of the fact that by this time the Bruni Ver-
sion had been printed two dozen times and half a dozen
times with the commentary, mostly in widely circulating
editions of Aristotle's Collected Works in Latin transla-
Bruni's Public
- 15 -
tions, unless they meant to preserve the text in this
indeed rare and never before or afterward printed lay«
out.
The other two forms of copies - the one containing
the preface, books I and II, followed by the conanentar-
ies on both books, and the other containing the preface
and books I and II alone - are probably the yoiingest
variants. The dates of the mss* do not allow defini-
tive conclusions as to the time when either of them was
copied first« It seems to be very likely that both forms
came into existence some time between 1438 and 1442. One
of the oldest mss. of the whole work by Bruni where the
prefaced version of the two books is followed by the oom-
mentaries on them is the already mentioned ms. cod.Conv.
Spppr. C.7.2677,f .66v-70v (preface, books I and II) and
f.l47-156v (the commentaries on both books). It comes
from the Benedictine abbey at Florence and was penned af-
ter 1438. As to the other copy, the also before cited
ms. cod. 1023 [R. 7.4] ,f .2-17 of the Biblioteca Angelica
at Rome which is arranged in the same way as the Florence
ms. and which has the identical note conceming the date
of completion of Bruni's whole work at the end of book II
we have no Information as to the time at which it was
written. The earliest available date of a ms. like the
one in the Biblioteca Angelica, except for the note at
the end of book II, is 1447* From that year stems the
Brunl's Public
- 16 -
copy (133) which is now ms. cod.Vittorio Emanuele 238,
f .116-127V of the Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale Vitto-
20
rio Emanuele II at Rome .
We are a bit better off with copies of the other
form, conaisting of the preface and the two books of
the Bruni Version alone. The oldest (208) of the dat-
ed mss. is cod. Ottob.lat. 1353, f.272v-285v in the Vati-
21
can Library , written by Giovanni Pietro Paolo of
itocona. He completed copying the various texts in
this codex on March 7,1442, but the Economics Version
might have been penned some years earlier« Although
a man of leaming, he suprascribed the text with "De
ingenuis moribus»», the title of a treatise by Pier
Paolo Vergerio. The next younger ms. and one with a
definite date (163) is cod.l3521,f .122-129v of the
Biblioteca Nacional at Madrid
22
written at Siena
in August 1443« Thus,among the dated or approximate-
ly datable copies of the whole work by Bruni with the
prefaced version followed by the commentaries the ear-
liest was done some time after 1438 and among the cop-
ies with the prefaced version only the earliest origi-
nated perhaps some years before 1442. This is as
close as we can come to dating these two mss., but we
cannot be certain that no other mss. of these two forms
may have been written earlier. However, it is worth
Bruni's Public
- 17 -
noting that the oldest copies of the entire work by
Bruni, pattemed after the one by Antonio di Mario,
should date back to 1425 while none of the copies with
the texts in the arrangement of the ms. from the FIott
ence Benedictine abbey or in the arrangement of the
copy by Giovanni Pietro Paolo of Ancona bears a date
before 1438. To assume that the arrangements of the
texts best known in its history were the yoiingest does
therefore not appear to be unreasonable .
Brunl'ö i?ttbUo
m % m
of a üia« perm^ii li^^ 1464 1 oaatfiiinln^ the three /o*!»*
totle txanslatlons l^y Bruni« Xt l^elongea to a m^if^^
Ij^ter Joliimn aauaaniaom^iTi i& mmi erus^ageC in a pro-
fe^iaion uoknov^ti to U8| h« presant^id It to th« Car*^
Si^litf» j&onB»t9r^ on tho Zuxichle^eri^» The entr/ by
a iTionic on the bottofö of th© flxat pßget recordlng
thi& gift, olosos with thu notatlofi •'or«tur pro
00** • fhe later eopy (1B2) we» bou^rl^t for 1 florXu
iß Ba»«i»l by a Borchtholä tClr«B©m€aj froie iTorw who
was ißötrlcmlatßd at tJiO Unlveraity of Basol in 1471 ♦
Sub«oqti«ntly, it «raa ÄOquiro4 by a Luöwl^ lionor
from Hhi^Xn£0M in ^rioh, tt "protiionotarlu»** there
aiH» Iiftt«ir u Quxthu&im% motiki his aoiiat#4 it to t^o
Carttoalö» monaster/ at Basol« Ite ;^rloy recorö*»
in^ that tho codox waa ^iv^n to the Oartbusian
monkö by their Jyothör end» hi» not© with th© wordo
27
##• ITo aulJi^u« oretur in on^rltato*»
In Itnl/f
an tuilciio^ß persoß äonateü a fine par;*fci?*«nt codlex
et aaiBly feuföani«tic writingBf sam^ of thea- b/ Bru*^
fii 4ir*d. asioau thcs«^ th^ j^Q^nomXofi versslon (15 b)f
to ;m imi4€intifi<»(äi convont *pro reasodlo anime«
suaO'**» lli® ood«JX b«lon|g;®d at oii# tiip.e to HicooXi
üi C&ooo di Z^oiuitOf the h&dil of en influentias^X
Florontino fansilyp who had #3cten»ive bt3?4n«©^ r«-
24
lationt^ wlth Codlioo«
Bmi^i»ö Hibllo
♦ 960 «•
SrOhol&ur^ Qt hxm&nx&tlc orX^nUnton w^xq natu«*
Pollaltmo t0O, pc»ft$£ü»«(S o oopy (79) wlth hl»
not«® in the R5?%rgin»* It Is aow cosifeteeiS wlth
a copy of th« ^tl^ioa traiiÄlation b/ Bruni wlth
00 reoiion» and noteat fe^&^ö on Xectiix«ß slven
by PoXlaiano in 1491 «ma 1492, aadeö in th-e mi^r-^
i-oli»4im^ i«ctur^4 on tlie |.^l^|p ^j& in tb^ Floren-
tine atmciio &t that tXsuB uxä hau ©axii®r «^rittdö.
an lutToüxiCtoTy l^oture to the Ithioa
Bnrni's Public
which has come to be known by its Latin name as
the area of the res famlllarls * What exactly the
subject matter of thls sclence Is - In addltlon
to precepts on how to Increase the wealth of the
"family»» - he dld not further explaln« Nor dld
he go deeper Into the dlfference between thls dls-
clpline and the related sclence dealing wlth the
res publica » Toplcs of thls sort were Important
Issues for the Schoolmen who were so passlonately
concerned wlth the Classification of the sclences
and wlth the asslgnment of the varlegated problems
arlslng In human ezperlence to the proper dlscl-
plines In a well organlzed system of learnlng.
Moral phllosophy In general, Brunl hlmself had
malntalned, "revolves ... around actlon*». ^^ As
to Its three branches, he had adopted the tradl-
tlonal trlad of Ethics, Economlcs and Polltlcs .
He had asslgned to the sclence of Polltlcs the
formulatlon of precepts concemlng the better con-
duct of government, and to the sclence of Econ -
omlcs the dellberatlon of precepts on how to ac-
qulre In honest wayS the wealth whlch "Is useful
Indeed as It provldes those who possess It wlth
dlstlnctlon as well as the ablllty to practlce
vlrtue«. ^ Brunl 's slmpllfylng presentatlon of
Arlstotellan practlcal phllosophy and of Its three
branches seems to have been wldely accepted by
- 57 -
Bruni's Public
- 58 -
23
later humanistic scholars, '^ "but appeared to pro-
fessional philosophers and university teachers too
va^e and too general to be acceptable as sufficient
characterizations of these disciplines. Bruni*s el-
oquence and proficien
