Full text of "Leaflets of western botany"

See other formats

Se an

" He
Ate Lt wes

mi aa
aE

gh moh
vue ster ia as

RMAC iene Gace
CAS LOST NYS bia RT ANE
ok _ te ne
Sa iN i ai,
ca SRN ae a

aa -

Peat
PAG
RTA se ae
na certy : b4 +4 “a bby nyt
es doen Ea A
Dori cakalte ys

_s
Nh oye

ea" Noe

a _ ay y ase .

’ ee Ae ve) es ps
at fog | 4 . wa a ue

ee Spiny 03

it ‘s
a

a. AI okt i
at oe CMATAT

at ee
hey j ay

4,
toy
DJ

fey, ep ak Ke
aaa tie te

PR As ot Ay Mit
rat ; or AL at ie meni eh
penn

Na ' 7a, a Dei at
ath arg es ; ac ie
Ker | ) x re er bi a enc ee
8 ah ’
by et

ee
ny ha Peete
Bas A ny ein J fh
ty ah My Rae
A PEs, bis

Se ne Pot ait
: ¥ Bn thal ih : y
Rey

nS, Z .
i Bat a

, ul

NP Setar
ae ae
aes :

Mie

wa)

vA Tek een,

aly 7
ay

a fie |
\ Wt F hi ay
1 fl
Pade hey

LEAFLETS
OF

WESTERN BOTANY

VoLtumMe Vil

LIBRAR\
NEW YORK
BOTANICAL

GARDEN

SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA

1955, °955

Owned and Published by

Joun THOMAS HOWELL

Printed by
James J. Gillick & Company

Berkeley, California

Vol. VII ; No. 1

LEAFLETS
of
WESTERN BOTANY

CONTENTS
PAGE

Recent Additions tothe Known Flora of Arizona . . . i

THOMAS H. KEARNEY, ELIZABETH MCCLINTOCK, and

KITTIE F. PARKER
Some Places Where PhaceliasGrow . .... . . II

Joun THomas HOwELL
A New Sisymbrium from Arizona. . . . . . . . J5

REED C. ROLLINS

©]

SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA

FEBRUARY 28, 1953

GA KK 4)

LEAFLETS
of
WESTERN BOTANY

A publication devoted particularly to the native and naturalized
plants of western North America and to the cultivated plants
of California, appearing about four times each year. Subscrip-
tion, $2.00 annually. Cost of back files or single numbers fur-
nished on request. Address: John Thomas Howell, California

Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco 18.

Cited as
LEAFL. WEsT. Bor.

Owned and published by
Joxun THomMAs HOWELL

RECENT ADDITIONS TO THE KNOWN
FLORA OF ARIZONA

BY THOMAS H. KEARNEY, ELIZABETH MCCLINTOCK
AND KITTIE F. PARKER

California Academy of Sciences; University of Arizona

“Arizona Flora”! was published in September, 1951. In the
little more than a year that has since elapsed, some 15 species
have been added to the recorded flora. Among them are repre-
sentatives of 4 genera not known previously as occurring in
Arizona, Beckmannia, Fumaria, Pholisma, and Cordia. The
additions have resulted from extensive collections by the junior
authors of this paper, as well as by Chester F. Deaver of Arizona
State College at Flagstaff, Rose E. Collom of the Grand Canyon
National Park Herbarium, Walter S. Phillips of the University
of Arizona, Gale Monson of the Havasu Lake Refuge of the
U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and others. Thanks to these
collections, the geographical and altitudinal ranges of many
species have been extended. The exploration, in 1952, of Grand
Canyon National Monument by Elizabeth McClintock, accom-
panied by Dr. and Mrs. Walter P. Cottam, resulted in the inclu-
sion of Mohave County in the geographical distribution of
numerous Arizona plants.

The limits of this article do not allow mention of these ex-
tensions of range, except for a few of the rarer species. Nor is
it practicable to discuss here the numerous corrections and
modifications of the keys necessitated by the information now
available. Fortunately, most of these are of a very minor char-
acter.”

ADDITIONAL GENERA AND SPECIES

_ BECKMANNIA. A genus, new to Arizona, which should come
next to Spartina in the key to the genera of Gramineae (p. 73,
paragraph 61). It differs from the latter in having broad, boat-
shaped glumes of equal length, whereas in Spartina the glumes
are narrow and unequal. Beckmannia syzigachne (Steud.) Fern.,
widely distributed in North America and Asia, was collected

1Arizona Flora, by Thomas H. Kearney, Robert H. Peebles, and Collaborators, University
of -California Press, 1951. (1032 pages, 33 plates, 1 map).

2The page references, in parenthesis, are to ‘“‘Arizona Flora,’’ unless noted otherwise.
Leaflets of Western Botany, Vol. VII, pp. 1-16, February 28, 1953.

2 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY __ [VOL. VII, NO. 1

in 1951 at Greenland Lake, on the North Rim of Grand Canyon,
at an elevation of 8500 feet (Merkle 411).8

ERIOGONUM ParisHil Wats. was found at Crown King, Yavapai
County, elevation 6000 feet (A. Beaty in 1951). In the key to
the species of Eriogonum (p. 232), it would appear immediately
after second paragraph 19, differing from E. pusillum and
E. reniforme in having the basal leaves hirsute, not white-lanate,
beneath. In second paragraph 13 of the key the words “(except
in E. Parishii)’ should be inserted after “Leaves.” This species
was known previously only from southern California and Baja
California.

FumariA. This genus of Papaveraceae, subfamily Fumariot-
deae, differs from Corydalis (see key to the genera p. 322, first
paragraph 1) in having globose, 1-seeded, indehiscent fruits and
whitish or purplish, crimson-tipped corollas. Fumaria parviflora
Lam., a Eurasian species sparingly naturalized in California,
was discovered recently in waste land at Tucson, Pima County
(K. F. Parker 8016).

MATTHIOLA BICORNIS (Sibth. & Smith) DC. was noted in Ari-
zona Flora (p. 354) as having disappeared from the mesas near
Tucson, but it is still common there and has been collected also
near Holbrook, Navajo County. In the key to the genera of
Cruciferae (p. 327), Matthiola would appear next to Chorispora
(first paragraph 16), differing from that genus in having the
herbage pubescent with forked or stellate hairs (glandular hairs
few or none), and capsules with a much shorter beak, this bifur-
cate at apex and the body not or scarcely torulose.

ASTRAGALUS COccINEUS Brandeg. This very handsome plant
of the section Argophylli, known previously only from southern
California, has been collected inthe Kofa Mountains, Yuma
County, on sandy slopes at an elevation of about 3000 feet (H.
B. Crandall in 1952). In the key to the species of Astragalus
(p. 447), it would be entered next to A. Newberry: (first para-
graph 20), having densely silky-villous pods; but it differs from
that and all other North American species of Astragalus in the
brilliant scarlet color of the very large corollas (35 to 40 mm.
long).

8See Madrono 12:32 (1953).

FEBRUARY, 1953] FLORA OF ARIZONA 3

CALLITRICHE. Norman C. Fassett, in his revision of the New
World species of this genus (Rhodora 53: 137-222), recog-
nized two species as occurring in Arizona, C. heterophylla
Pursh (emend. Darby) and C. verna L. (emend. Kiitz.). The
latter, which is the C. palustris of Arizona Flora (p. 521), was
distinguished by Fassett as having the fruits distinctly longer
than wide, with carpels winged at apex, whereas, in C. hetero-
phylla, the fruits are not or but slightly longer than wide and
the carpels are not winged or very obscurely so. A collection in
northern Gila County (Peebles & Smith 13296) was referred to
C. heterophylla var. heterophylla by Fassett (ibid. p. 176), and
the Eastwood collection in Sabino Canyon, Pima County, men-
tioned in Arizona Flora, apparently also belongs there. Fassett
cited no Arizona specimens of C. heterophylla var. Bolanderi
(Hegelm.) Fassett. He mentioned (ibid. p. 171) two Arizona col-
lections of C. verna, at Flagstaff (Greene in 1889), and at Tucson
(Lemmon in 1881).

ABUTILON ParisHu Wats. In Arizona Flora (p. 539) this species
was erroneously reduced to synonymy under A. Palmeri Gray,
from which it is amply distinct, in having corollas only about
10 mm. long (15-25 mm. in A. Palmeri), a more paniculate in-
florescence, strongly discolorous and usually more acuminate
leaves, and the longer stem-hairs mostly reflexed. In addition
to the type-collections in the Santa Catalina Mountains (Parish,
Pringle, in 1884) it was collected in the same mountains by
Lemmon in 1883, and by Eastwood (No. 17736); also in the
Mazatzal Mountains, Gila County (Eastwood 17497). The spe-
cies is known only from these Arizona localities.

SIDA RHOMBIFOLIA L. Bear Valley (Sycamore Canyon), Santa
Cruz County, 3500 feet, rocky slopes (Darrow & Haskell 2223),
noted by the collectors as a shrub 6 feet tall. This species is
widely distributed in the warmer parts of both hemispheres,
but it had not been reported previously from Arizona. In the
key to the species of Sida (p. 550) it would be placed between
S. spinosa and S. tragiaefolia (paragraph 6), differing from the
former in being perennial and having more numerous carpels
(16 or more, as compared with 5 in S. spinosa). From S. tragiae-
folia, which also has fruits with 10 or more carpels, S. rhombi-

ay LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. VII, NO. 1

folia differs in the rhombic-cuneate leaves, these more finely
dentate or serrate.

OENOTHERA PTEROSPERMA Wats. This species of subgenus
Chylismia, known previously from southern Utah to eastern
Oregon and southeastern California, was collected in Grand
Canyon National Monument, northeastern Mohave County, at
elevations of 4500 to 5000 feet (McClintock 52-173, 256, 382a).
In the key to the species of Oenothera (p. 595) it would be en-
tered under second paragraph 26, preceding first paragraph 32.
It is a small, delicate annual, distinguished from all the other
species of subgenus Chylismia by the winged seeds and flowers
solitary in the axils, not in racemes or panicles. The pinkish
petals are barely 2 mm. long.

PHOLISMA ARENARIUM Nutt. Another genus was added to our
flora with the finding of this curious parasitic plant on sand
dunes near Parker, Mohave County, by Mrs. Hugh Cowan. Our
attention was called to this discovery by Gale Monson, Super-
intendent of the Havasu Lake Wildlife Refuge. This plant be-
longs to the small family Lennoaceae (p. 629), differing from
Ammobroma in having the flowers in a dense, ovoid or cylindric,
sometimes branched spike, instead of a saucer-shaped head, and
in having glabrous, linear sepals (these plumose and filiform
in Ammobroma). Pholisma arenarium was known previously
only from southern California and Baja California.

FRAXINUS (pp. 641, 642). Elbert L. Little, Jr., in a paper en-
titled “Notes on Fraxinus (Ash) in the United States” (Jour.
Wash. Acad. Sci. 42:369-380, 1952) has described a new species,
F. Gooddingii Little (ibid., p. 373), designating as the holotype
a specimen collected in Bear Valley (Sycamore Canyon), Santa
Cruz County, Arizona, by L. N. Goodding in 1936. In Arizona
Flora this collection was cited under F’. Greggii Gray (species
no. 4). The present writers agree that the Arizona plants are
specifically distinct. Little cited several other collections of F.
Gooddingii from Santa Cruz County and one from northeastern
Sonora.

Specimens (5 collections) from the Chiricahua, Huachuca,
and Santa Rita mountains were referred by Little (ibid., p. 378)
to F. papillosa Lingelsh. This species had been recognized by

FEBRUARY, 1953] FLORA OF ARIZONA 5

Alfred Rehder (Proc. Amer. Acad. 53:200, 210) but he did not
include Arizona in its range. It is distinguished from F. velutina
Torr. (F. Standleyi Rehder) by the minutely papillose, whitish
or glaucous lower surface of the leaflets.

Little (ibid., p. 370) reduced F. Lowellit Sarg. (species no. 2
in Arizona Flora) to varietal status as F. anomala Torr. var.
Lowellii (Sarg.) Little. The present writers reserve judgment as
to whether this reduction is justified.

ae ee A mm 1m > 2 ER CEES on co ER ERAEES Y

ERRATUM

Please replace line 15, page 4, Vol. VII, No. |. Leaflets of West-
ern Botany with this gummed label

by a collection in Greenlee County (Maguire et al. 11805) and
by one in Cochise County (Blumer 1796), occurring also in
western Texas and northeastern Mexico. The range of L. viride
as given by Johnston is Texas to Arizona and northeastern
Mexico, but he cited no collections in our state. He informs us,
however, that this plant has been collected in Guadalupe Can-
yon, in the southwestern corner of New Mexico, so its occur-
rence in southeastern Arizona is very probable. The following
key to the five Arizona species is abstracted, with slight modifi-
cation, from Johnston’s key (ibid. pp. 317-320):

1. Flowers (the showy ones) heterostylic or dimorphic, the 2 types of flowers

differing in the height at which the stamens are affixed in the corolla-
tube. Cleistogamous flowers usually wanting (2).

4 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. VII, NO. 1

folia differs in the rhombic-cuneate leaves, these more finely
dentate or serrate.

ee wewne aewe~wn~ See — - ---K-

Wash. Acad. Sci. 42:369- 380, 1952) has described a new species,
F. Gooddingii Little (ibid., p. 373), designating as the holotype
a specimen collected in Bear Valley (Sycamore Canyon), Santa
Cruz County, Arizona, by L. N. Goodding in 1936. In Arizona
Flora this collection was cited under F. Greggit Gray (species
no. 4). The present writers agree that the Arizona plants are
specifically distinct. Little cited several other collections of F.
Gooddingii from Santa Cruz County and one from northeastern
Sonora.

Specimens (5 collections) from the Chiricahua, Huachuca,
and Santa Rita mountains were referred by Little (ibid., p. 378)
to F. papillosa Lingelsh. This species had been recognized by

FEBRUARY, 1953] FLORA OF ARIZONA 5

Alfred Rehder (Proc. Amer. Acad. 53:200, 210) but he did not
include Arizona in its range. It is distinguished from F. velutina
Torr. (F. Standley: Rehder) by the minutely papillose, whitish
or glaucous lower surface of the leaflets.

Little (ibid., p. 370) reduced F. Lowellit Sarg. (species no. 2
in Arizona Flora) to varietal status as F. anomala Torr. var.
Lowelli (Sarg.) Little. ‘The present writers reserve judgment as
to whether this reduction is justified.

CorpDIA PARVIFOLIA A. DC. (C. Greggit Torr.) represents a
fourth genus new to the known flora of Arizona. The identifi-
cation was confirmed by Ivan M. Johnston. In the key to the
genera of Boraginaceae (p. 707), Cordia belongs with Coldenia
under first paragraph 1, having a cleft style and distinct stig-
mas; but in Cordia the style is twice cleft, with 4 branches and
stigmas. Also C. parvifolia is a much larger shrub than any of
the species of Coldenia, with much larger, white corollas, and
the fruit is drupaceous. Only a single plant is known in Ari-
zona, discovered by C. F. Altfillisch in 1951, on a gravel ridge
among Larrea bushes, about 17 miles south of Tucson, Pima
County. It is an old, many-stemmed shrub about 6 feet high.
There is no evidence that it had been planted at this station.

LITHOSPERMUM. In his recently published Survey of the
Genus Lithospermum (Jour. Arnold Arboretum 33:299-366),
Ivan M. Johnston assigned 5 species to Arizona, L. confine
Johnst. and L. viride Greene having been added to the 3 species
in Arizona Flora (p. 724). Lithospermum confine is represented
by a collection in Greenlee County (Maguire et al. 11805) and
by one in Cochise County (Blumer 1796), occurring also in
western Texas and northeastern Mexico. The range of L. viride
as given by Johnston is Texas to Arizona and northeastern
Mexico, but he cited no collections in our state. He informs us,
however, that this plant has been collected in Guadalupe Can-
yon, in the southwestern corner of New Mexico, so its occur-
rence in southeastern Arizona is very probable. The following
key to the five Arizona species is abstracted, with slight modifi-
cation, from Johnston’s key (ibid. pp. 317-320):

1, Flowers (the showy ones) heterostylic or dimorphic, the 2 types of flowers

differing in the height at which the stamens are affixed in the corolla-
tube. Cleistogamous flowers usually wanting (2).

6 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY __ [VOL. VII, NO. 1

1. Flowers (the showy ones) not heterostylic, monomorphic (3).

2.Stems not arising from a leaf-rosette, the lower cauline leaves very much
smaller than the middle and upper ones; corolla-tube glabrous within
Eh rahiray statahe iba levers hears aicunin mun/ohan fais sofa Ba, eats, 3) Bis RRC Eora eae L. multiflorum

2.Stems arising from a well-developed leaf-rosette, the basal leaves much
larger than the middle and upper cauline ones; corolla-tube hairy
within, at least in the long-styled flowers............... L. cobrense

3. Pollen ellipsoidal or subglobose; cleistogamous flowers absent; stem-leaves
10-35 mm. wide, evidently veined. Corolla yellow or yellowish, with
entire, spreading or recurved lobes :\.).....0% 0.5.00. 1.645 \ eee L. viride

3. Pollen perfectly globose; cleistogamous flowers always present; stem-leaves
not more, usually less than 10 mm. wide, obscurely veined (4).

4. Corolla-lobes erose or fimbriate; fruiting calyx usually nutant or cernuous;
cleistogamous flowers abundant... 0... 2.054006 s0000mage L. incisum

4. Corolla-lobes entire; fruiting calyx erect; flowers commonly nearly all
CLEISEO GATIONS. 5 bss si <is avis bares Ne a de se eo L. confine

STACHYS AGRARIA Cham. & Schlecht. This species, previously
known only from ‘Texas, Mexico, and Guatemala, was collected
by Verl Rhoton in 1950, in the region of McNary and Lakeside
(southern Apache and Navajo counties), the precise locality not
recorded. Dr. Carl Epling, who identified the specimen, com-
mented: “It is the relatively broad-leaved form of this widely
distributed species which M. E. Jones called S. camporum.” It
differs from the other species of Stachys in Arizona (see key p.
739) in having much smaller flowers, the corolla-tube being not
more than 4 mm. long. The verticillasters are very numerous,
6-12-flowered.

LINARIA DALMATICA Mill. was found by Kittie F. Parker, grow-
ing without cultivation on the campus of Arizona State College,
at Flagstaff. It is a handsome plant from the Mediterranean
region, sometimes grown in flower gardens. Doubtless it was
merely a casual escape, so the species cannot yet be included in
the flora of Arizona. The flowers are yellow, but this species
differs from L. vulgaris (see key p. 764) in having broader, ovate
or ovate-lanceolate, cordate-clasping leaves and much larger
flowers, the corolla 3.5-4 cm. long.

ANTIRRHINUM Kunci Wats. (see p. 766) is now definitely a
member of the Arizona flora, specimens of var. Kingz having
been obtained in Toroweap Valley and the inner gorge of the

FEBRUARY, 1953] FLORA OF ARIZONA 7

Colorado River on cinder soil at about 4500 feet elevation
(McClintock 52-424, 556). Var. Watsoni (Vasey & Rose) Munz,
which differs from the typical variety in its longer pedicels and
larger calyx, has been collected in northwestern Sonora and may
be looked for in southwestern Arizona.

Mimutus Tixinci Regel. A collection on “Smith Creek,” pre-
sumably Smith Spring on the San Francisco Peaks, Leiberg 5721,
was referred to this species by Gloria R. Campbell (El Aliso
2:324). The characters she gave for distinguishing this species
from M. guttatus (Arizona Flora p. 781) seem not very clear cut,
however. Campbell (ibid. p. 331) referred several collections of
M. guttatus in Arizona to var. gracilis (Gray) Campbell, the
variety being characterized by recurved pedicels, commonly
geniculate stems, and frequently scorpioid young inflorescenses.

NEMACLADUS GRACILIS Eastw. Recorded (p. 827) as a doubtful
member of the Arizona flora, this Nemacladus may now be in-
cluded without reservation. It was collected in 1947 near Yucca,
western Mohave County, in the Joshua Tree association, at an
elevation of 2300 feet (Gould & Darrow 4311, part, and 4312).
The specimens were identified by G. T. Robbins.

PSATHYROTES ANNUA (Nutt.) Gray. Specimens collected in To-
roweap Valley, northeastern Mohave County, 4000 to 5000 feet
(McClintock 52-589a, Cottam 13340) established this species as
a component of the Arizona flora (see p. 943).

Cirsium RypsBercii Petrak has been collected on Black Mesa,
northern Apache County, 6000 feet (Deaver 3675). Previously
the species was known only by a few collections in southeastern
Utah. In the key to Cirsium (p. 951), it comes nearest to C. bi-
pinnatum (second paragraph 7), differing in the glabrous or
glabrescent herbage, rounded and clasping leaf-bases, and outer
phyllaries appressed or ascending (widely spreading or deflexed
in C. bipinnatum).

CiIRSIUM VULGARE (Savi) Airy-Shaw. The occurrence of this
species in Havasu Canyon, western Coconino County (see p.
954), was confirmed by the collection by Nina Eloesser of speci-
mens in a more advanced stage of growth, although still without
heads.

8 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY __ [VOL. VII, NO. 1

REVISED IDENTIFICATIONS

Portulaca coronata Small (p. 291) is a synonym of P. umbrati-
cola H.B.K., according to Legrand (Comunic. Bot. Mus. Hist.
Nat. Montevideo 2 (24):2). According to that author the species
ranges from the southern U.S.A. to Argentina.

Arenaria confusa Rydb. and A. saxosa Gray (pages 296, 297)
have been reduced to synonymy under A. lanuginosa (Michx.)
Rohrb. subsp. saxosa (Gray) Maguire, in a recent paper by Bas-
sett Maguire (Amer. Mid]. Nat. 46:493-511, see p. 498).

Prunus virens (Woot. & Standl.) Shreve (p. 394) was reduced
to a subspecies of P. serotina Ehrh. in a revision of this group
by Rogers McVaugh (Brittonia 7:279-315). Two varieties of the
subspecies, var. virens and var. rufula (Woot. & Standl.) Mc-
Vaugh were distinguished, the latter confined in Arizona to the
region south of the Gila River.

Astragalus didymocarpus Hook. & Arn. var. dispermus (Gray)
Jeps. (p. 469). Astragalus dispermus Gray was restored to specific
rank by Lois E. James in her revision of subgenus Hesperastra-
galus (Contrib. Dudley Herbarium 4:67), although Barneby (El
Aliso 2:212) preferred the varietal status.

Bacopa rotundifolia (Michx.) Wettst. (p. 783). The correct
name of the Arizona plant probably is B. Eisenit (Kellogg) Pen-
nell (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 98:96), B. rotundifolia appar-
ently being limited to the eastern and central United States.
Bacopa Eisenii is known otherwise only from Nevada and cen-
tral California.

Plantago eriopoda Torr. (p. 804). The Arizona plants previ-
ously referred to this species are certainly nearer P. Tweedy
Gray and should be placed there provisionally, although not
quite typical of that species either.

Galium Watsoni (Gray) Heller. This species apparently does
not occur in Arizona, the plants referred to it in Arizona Flora
(p. 811) representing a glabrous form of G. Munzi Hilend &
Howell according to Dr. F. Ehrendorfer (personal communi-
cation).

Valeriana (pp. 818-820). Frederick G. Meyer in a recent re-
vision of the North American valerians (Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard.
38:377-503) treated the species occurring in Arizona as follows:
V. edulis is represented by subsp. edulis; V. sorbifolia is repre-

FEBRUARY, 1953] FLORA OF ARIZONA 9

sented by var. sorbifolia; V. arizona the most widely distributed
and abundant species, has, as a synonym, according to Meyer,
V. ovata Rydb.; V. acutiloba becomes V. capitata Pall. subsp.
acutiloba (Rydb.) F. G. Meyer; V. occidentalis Heller retains its
specific status but only one Arizona collection (Collom 1056)
was cited by Meyer.

Pinaropappus roseus Less. (p. 962). Lloyd H. Shinners (Field
and Laboratory 19:48) referred all Arizona specimens to var.
foliosus Shinners, type from the Chiricahua Mountains (Blumer
1571). He characterized the variety as having the stems leafy
to above the middle and leaves up to 12 cm. long. Typical P.
roseus, according to Shinners, occurs only east of the Continen-
tal Divide.

New REcorDs OF RARE TAXA

Phalaris canariensis L. (p. 131). Tucson, Pima County (K. F.
Parker 8028).

Carex oreocharis Holm (p. 162). Escudilla Mountain, Apache
County, 9500 feet (Parker & McClintock 7598, det. J. T. Howell).

Carex curatorum Stacey (p. 162). Near Toroweap Point,
northeastern Mohave County (McClintock 52-539, det. J. T.
Howell).

Pistia Stratiotes L. (p. 165). This plant was reported by Mrs.
Charlotte Reeder in 1944 as having become so abundant in irri-
gation canals in Yuma County as to constitute a nuisance.

Tillandsia recurvata L. (p. 166). Galiuro Mountains, Graham
County, 4000 feet, growing on a fallen log (V. Ramsdell in 1951).

Polygonum ramosissimum Michx. (p. 248). Near Ganado,
Apache County, 7500 feet (Deaver 4100).

Atriplex elegans (Mogq.) D. Dietr. var. Thornberi Jones (p.
258). This variety also occurs in Santa Cruz County (A. Henson
163a).

Stellaria longifolia Muhl. (p. 293). Reported by Dr. F. W.
Gould from the Sierra Ancha, Gila County (No. 3802).

Delphinium tenuisectum Greene var. amplibracteatum
(Wooton) Ewan (p. 310). Escudilla Mountain, Apache County
(Parker & McClintock 7552).

Astragalus amphioxys Gray var. vespertinus Sheldon (p. 458).
Kanab Plateau, northeastern Mohave County (McClintock 52-
502).

10 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY __ [VOL. VIL, NO. 1

Astragalus albulus Woot. & Standl. (p. 461). Richville Valley,
Apache County (Richey in 1950); Black Mesa, Apache County
(Deaver 3914); Black Mountain, Navajo County (Deaver 3882).

Geranium lentum Woot. & Standl. (p. 485). Near Sprucedale,
Greenlee County, 7500 feet (Parker & McClintock 7644). In this
collection the petals were reflexed and of a pale lavender color.

Croton ciliato-glandulosus Ortega (p. 504). Collected at the
locality mentioned in Arizona Flora also by Dr. Walter S. Phil-
lips (No. 3468).

Elatine americana (Pursh) Arn. (p. 557). North Rim of Grand
Canyon (Collom 2778).

Petalonyx nitidus Wats. (p. 564). A second collection of this
species in Arizona was made in 1952 on Vulcan’s Throne, north-
eastern Mohave County, 4500 feet (Cottam 13,345).

Oxypolis Fendleri (Gray) Heller (p. 621). Escudilla Moun-
tain, Apache County, 8500 feet (Parker & McClintock 7481).

Gilia filiformis Parry (p. 690). Toroweap Valley and Colorado
River Canyon, northeastern Mohave County, up to 4500 feet
(McClintock 52-199, 546).

Phacelia demissa Gray (p. 701). Between Pinion and Salina
and on Black Mountain, Navajo County, about 6500 feet
(Deaver 3485, 3881, det. J. T. Howell).

Phacelia glechomaefolia Gray (p. 701). Grand Canyon Na-
tional Monument, Mohave County (McClintock 52-163, 279,
346, det. J. T. Howell). By far the finest material of this hand-
some species that has been collected.

Phacelia neomexicana Thurber var. alba (Rydb.) Brand (p.
704). Escudilla Mountain, Apache County, 8500 feet (Parker &
McClintock 7635).

Tricardia Watson: Torr. (p. 706). Grand Canyon Nationed
Monument, northeastern Mohave County, 4000-5000 feet (Mc-
Clintock 52-323, 474).

Cryptantha recurvata Coville (p. 719). Grand Canyon Na-
tional Monument, 4500 feet (McClintock 52-420).

Molucella laevis L. (p. 739). Benson, Cochise County (Grant-
ham in 1951).

Scrophularia californica Cham. (p. 767). Blue Mountains,
Greenlee County, 10,000 feet (Parker & McClintock 7661).

Limosella aquatica L. (p. 783). Buggeln Ranch, South Rim of

FEBRUARY, 1953] |= WHERE PHACELIAS GROW 11

Grand Canyon, Coconino County (Collom 2378).

Castilleja lineata Greene (p. 788). Escudilla Mountain, Apache
County (Parker & McClintock 7499).

Solidago graminea (Woot. & Standl.) Blake (p. 858). Black
Mesa, Navajo County (Deaver 3715); between Tuba and Oraibi,
Coconino County (Deaver 3763).

Achaetogeron chihuahuensis Larsen (p. 867). Escudilla Moun-
tain, Apache County (Parker & McClintock 7628).

Ratibida Tagetes (James) Barnhart (p. 899). Ganado Dam,
Apache County (Deaver 3991).

Helianthus Nuttallii Torr. & Gray (p. 903). Escudilla Moun-
tain, Apache County (Parker & McClintock 7632).

Achillea lanulosa Nutt. var. alpicola Rydb. (p. 936). Escudilla
Mountain, Apache County (Parker & McClintock 7615).

Euryops multifidus (L. £.) DC: (p. 950). Near Safford, Graham
County (Montierth in 1952), where it was an escape from plant-
ings by the U. S. Soil Conservation Service and bids fair to be-
come naturalized, as in the Tucson area.

Centaurea solstitialis L. (p. 955). Waste places and lawns at
Tucson, Pima County (K. F. Parker 7463).

SOME PLACES WHERE PHACELIAS GROW

BY JOHN THOMAS HOWELL

Although my 1952 field trip through Oregon and Washing-
ton was planned primarily for the study of thistles, I also hoped
to find certain annual species of Phacelia about which I had
written but which I had never seen growing. Of the five I hoped
to discover, I found only three: P. Greenei J. T. Howell, P.
Peckii J. T. Howell, and P. verna Howell. Along the road to
Hat Point on the rim of the Grand Canyon of the Snake River
I expected to find P. minutissima Henderson, since it was known
in Idaho across the canyon to the east and in the Wallowa Mts.
in Oregon to the west, but diligent search in several likely habi-
tats did not discover it. The second species I failed to find was
P. Leibergiu Brand, an attractive plant which I was all-too-cer-
tain I would collect on the sagebrush flats or alkali dunes in
southeastern Oregon where it has been collected a number of

12 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY __ [VOL. VII, NO. 1

times by Prof. M. E. Peck; but all I could find in my brief three-
day journey across that fascinating region was the related, small-
flowered P. glandulifera Piper. The three phacelias I did find,
however, were the ones I wanted especially, not only because so
little has been written of the places where they grow, but also
because, until now, P. Greenei and P. verna have not been rep-
resented in the herbarium of the California Academy of Sciences.
PHACELIA GREENEI

Although the locality datum accompanying the type of P.
Greenei in the Gray Herbarium is given as near Yreka, Cali-
fornia, the locality named on the isotype in the Greene Her-
barium specifies Scott Valley. It was on the east side of Scott
Valley, Siskiyou County, where I first found the plant on June
14, and later on the same day, I made a second collection along
the road between Callahan and Gazelle, also in Siskiyou County
(Howell 28340, 28351). At both places the plants were locally
common but were restricted to a thin gravelly scree overlying
open serpentine slopes. The herbaceous parts of the phacelia
were glandular and the secretion was distinctly malodorous.
The corollas, which are rotate-campanulate or saucer-shaped,
were a deep purple-violet except for the white center.

The first station, which could be the type-locality of the spe-
cies, was about 9.5 miles from Fort Jones on the road to Callahan
at an elevation of about 2800 feet. The common woody plants
in the vicinity of the serpentine barren were Pinus ponderosa,
Juniperus occtdentalis, and Ceanothus cuneatus, and, among
the herbaceous plants associated with the phacelia, the follow-
ing were collected or noted: Festuca reflexa, Scribneria Bolan-
deri, Sitanion jubatum, Stellaria nitens, Arabis subpinnatifida,
Epilobium minutum, Androsace elongata subsp. acuta, Cryp-
tantha flaccida, Crocidium nudicaule, Lagophylla ramosissima,
Lessingia nemaclada var. mendocina, and Madia exigua. At the
second station, about 7 miles from Callahan on the road to
Gazelle at an elevation of about 3700 feet, Quercus Garryana
occurred in the nearby pine-juniper woodland, and among the
annual and perennial herbs the following may be listed: Ony-
chium densum, Agropyron saxicola, Stipa Thurberiana, Erio-
gonum ovalifolium, E. vimineum, Polygonum majus, Lewisia
rediviva, Arenaria Douglasii, Cryptantha trifurca, Penstemon

FEBRUARY, 1953] WHERE PHACELIAS GROW 13

parvulus, and Eriophyllum lanatum var. achillaeoides.

The finding of P. Greenei on two serpentine slopes in the
Klamath area of northwestern California leads one to expect
its discovery in still other similar places which are to be found
in the petrologically and geologically complex mountains of
that region.

PHACELIA PECKII

The Oregon highway, which extends westerly from Klamath
Falls to Ashland, traverses a fine coniferous forest inter-
spersed by a series of beautiful flowery meadows. Just before
the road begins its long winding descent into the valley where
Ashland is situated, it crosses the 4500-foot summit of Green
Spring Mountain. Here, on July 8, in a forest of yellow pine,
Douglas fir, and incense cedar, on a gentle open meadowy slope,
I saw and collected Phacelia Pecki for the first time (Howell
28772). The little herb grew in heavy clay soil mixed with
basalt fragments and was locally restricted to the low middle
part of the meadow where water had seeped longest. The stems
and leaves were glandular but not at all odorous. The corollas
were an attractive lavender-blue, becoming nearly white in the
center, and were so shallowly saucer-shaped as to be almost
flatly rotate. Among the numerous annual herbs that grew in
the meadow with the phacelia, the following may be noted:
Bromus racemosus, Deschampsia danthonioides, Polygonum
sawatchense, Lotus Purshianus, Gilia capillaris, Navarretia
intertexta, Nemophila pedunculata, and Madia gracilis.

The sight of these living specimens of P. Peckii in Jackson
County, Oregon, less than a month after making my field ac-
quaintance with P. Greenei in Siskiyou County, California,
reminded me of the apparent relationship between the two as
evidenced by a similarity in habit and in the broadly rotate
corollas (cf. Amer. Mid]. Nat. 30:18; Leafl. West. Bot. 4:26).
The adequate morphologic differences between the two have
already been pointed out; now can be added their differentiat-
ing physiologic and ecologic peculiarities which can be learned
only from field observation. In the paragraphs above I have
described the malodorous character of the glandular secretion
of. P. Greenei and recorded the apparent preference of that
species for sterile serpentine gravels. In contrast, P. Peckii is

14 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. VII, NO. 1

much less distinguished in both its choice of habitat and char-
acter of glands; but, although its glandular secretion does not
possess the biological interest of being offensive, this physiologic
lack really adds to the over-all attractiveness of one of Oregon’s
most interesting endemics.

PHACELIA VERNA

Many people, impressed by the volcanic character of the Cas-
cade Range and recalling the lava escarpments of the Columbia
Plateau east of the mountains, regard the chocolate-brown or
blackish bluffs of the Umpqua River Valley in Douglas County,
Oregon, as basaltic in character. ‘These massive outcrops, how-
ever, are sedimentary in origin and consist of water-deposited
sands and gravels of Eocene age. It is on the open faces of these
steeply sloping or vertical bluffs where Phacelia verna grows.

1 almost did not find this rare plant. Search of the bluffs near
Canyonville, Roseburg, and Wilbur on three different days
failed to disclose even the summer-dried remains of the
ephemeral vernal herb. Disappointed that so desirable a plant
should have eluded me, I finally left Roseburg July 10 on my
return trip to California, traveling westward toward the Oregon
coast. Near Tenmile, about 15 miles southwest of Roseburg,
some of the Eocene cliffs again beckoned. This time, my scram-
ble up the steep slopes was crowned with success. The plants
had matured and dried but they still carried ripe capsules and
seeds. Not only had I found the elusive phacelia, but I had found
it at a station new for the species!

The rock face on which my treasure dwelt had a southwestern
exposure, and adjacent, soil-covered slopes that were less steep
supported an open woodland of Douglas fir, Garry oak, bigleaf
maple, and madrono. The phacelia did not even deign to grow
in the thin fringe of soil at the edge of the rock surface but re-
stricted itself to mossy cushions of Rhacomitrium canescens and
Selaginella Wallacet which formed low mounds and narrow
shelves on the nearly vertical open rock face. Everything was
dry now, but it was evident that water had seeped or trickled
down the rocks during the rainy season. A few other herbs, also
desiccated, were noted as venturing into this highly specialized
habitat: Festuca dertonensis, Trifolium microdon, Mimulus
guttatus, Plantago erecta, and Micropus californicus; but only

FEBRUARY, 1953] | NEW ARIZONA SISYMBRIUM 15

the money-flower seemed to be truly at home with the phacelia.

But what a home for a phacelia! Whatever could have hap-
pened in eons past to strand this little herb, so far from kith and
kin, on the Eocene bluffs of the Umpqua!

A NEW SISYMBRIUM FROM ARIZONA

BY REED C. ROLLINS
Gray Herbarium, Harvard University

The generic line between Sisymbrium and Thelypodium, so
far as the American species are concerned, was somewhat altered
by Payson!: 2, who treated these genera monographically about
twenty years ago. A number of species previously referred to
Thelypodium, such as T. elegans, T. aureum, etc., were trans-
ferred to Sisymbrium. Later Schulz? similarly shifted the Mexi-
can T. versicolor and T. Purpusw of Brandegee to Sisymbrium.
Whether these are the ultimate rearrangements required to
place the species of these genera into their proper relationships
cannot be properly judged without a very comprehensive study
and a much larger amount of data than is at present available.
However, the plant with which we have to deal is most closely
related to Sisymbrium Purpusii and on that basis it seems logi-
cal at this time to place it in Sisymbrium, following the lead of
Payson and of Schulz. I take pleasure in dedicating it to Dr.
T. H. Kearney, veteran of the flora of Arizona. My thanks are
due Miss Elizabeth McClintock of the California Academy of
Sciences for sending the specimens.

Sisymbrium Kearneyi Rollins, spec. nov. Herba annua; caulibus erectis,
glabris, ramosis, 3-5 dm. altis; foliis radicalibus petiolatis pinnatifidis glabris;
foliis caulinis amplexicaulibus pinnatifidis vel integris glabris; sepalis gla-
bris; petalis albis vel roseo-albis; pedicellis fructiferis divaricatis glabris 4-6

mm. longis; siliquis tenuibus teretibus 4.5-5.5 cm. longis, circa 0.75 mm.
latis; stylis circa 1 mm. longis; stigmatibus integris; seminibus oblongis im-

maturis.

Annie), herb, glabrous throughout, glaucous; stem single from base,
divaricately branched, beginning near base, with each branch producing an
inflorescence, 3-5 dm. high; basal leaves petiolate, dentate to pinnately lobed,
2-10 cm. long, 8-20 mm. wide, mostly oblong in outline, varying greatly in

1University of Wyoming Publications in Science 1:1~27 (1922).
2Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 9:233~324 (1923).
8Das Pflanzenreich IV. 105:57—58 (1924).

16 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY __ [VOL. VIL, NO. 1

size and shape; lowermost cauline leaves petiolate and pinnately lobed,
similar to adjacent basal leaves, overlapping, gradually becoming sessile,
auriculate and entire above, the upper being sagittate, clasping and pro-
gressively reduced up the stem; pedicels (in fruit) slender, straight, divari-
cately ascending, 4-6 mm. long; sepals hyaline-margined, narrowly oblong,
non-saccate, 4-5 mm. long, 1-1.5 mm. wide; petals nearly white, becoming
light purplish upon drying, spatulate, gradually narrowed from apex to
base, 6-8 mm. long, 2-2.5 mm. wide; stamens erect, filaments of uniform
diameter from base to apex, those of paired stamens about 5 mm. long,
anthers oblong, 1-1.25 mm. long; pollen tricolpate, 26x 17.54; glandular
tissue continuous around the receptacle, subtending filaments of paired
stamens and surrounding filaments of single stamens; siliques sessile or nearly
so, terete, slender, divaricately ascending, nearly straight, 4.5-5.5 cm. long,
about 0.75 mm. in diameter, valves nerved from base to apex; styles thick,
only slightly less in diameter than the siliques, about 1 mm. long; stigma
entire; seeds oblong, wingless, immature.

Type in the Gray Herbarium, collected along trail into S. B.
Canyon, Grand Canyon National Monument, Arizona, May 8,
1952, Elizabeth McClintock 481a. Another collection (in flower)
from the same locality but found growing under shelter of over-
hanging cliffs is Elizabeth McClintock 52-481 (GH). Duplicates

in Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci.

Superficially, in flower, plants of S$. Kearney: resemble some
forms of Caulanthus lasiophyllus, but it can be readily dis-
tinguished by the slender ascending pedicels, lack of pubescence
and glaucous appearance. As in many annual plants of desert
areas that go through their life-cycles in a relatively short period,
S. Kearneyi is quite variable as to size. On most of the flowering
specimens, a transition from nearly entire small first-formed
leaves can be traced through a series becoming larger and pro-
gressively more highly pinnatifid, then in the reverse direction
toward entire and smaller sessile leaves as one proceeds up the
stem of the plant. The lobes of the pinnatifid leaves are at right
angles or may be somewhat reflexed. In the most highly divided,
the incisions extend to the mid-axis of the leaf.

Although definitely related to S. Purpusii, our species differs
in having broadly spatulate instead of linear petals, much
larger flowers, and subclavate instead of tapering styles. Sisym-
brium Purpusii is known only from the type-collection made in
the Sierra Pata Galeana, Coahuila, Mexico.

-
}

; 3 Ly} aL

Vol. VII

LEAFLETS

No. 2

WESTERN BOTANY

CONTENTS

Notes on Specimens of American Plants
in European Herbaria
ARTHUR CRONQUIST

Pugillus Astragalorum XV: Four New Species .

R. C. BARNEBY

New Records of Western Weeds .
Joun THomas HowELi

SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA

May 13, 1953

PAGE

NEW
BOT.
GA

LEAFLETS

_ of
WESTERN BOTANY

Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco 18.

Cited as
LEAFL. WEsT. Bor.

Owned and published by
Joxun THomas HowELi

MAY, 1953] SPECIMENS IN EUROPEAN HERBARIA 17

NOTES ON SPECIMENS OF AMERICAN
PLANTS IN EUROPEAN HERBARIA
BY ARTHUR CRONQUIST
New York Botanical Garden

During 1951 and 1952 I had the opportunity to examine a
number of type-specimens of American plants (chiefly Com-
positae) at the British Museum of Natural History, the Royal
Botanic Gardens at Kew, and the Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle
at Paris. I am grateful to the curators and personnel of these in-
stitutions for their courtesy and helpfulness. In most instances
the examination of the type merely confirmed the current appli-
cation of the name. In a few cases, however, a change appears
to be necessary.

Astragalus miser Doug]. ex Hook. (Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 153,—1831)
was based on a Douglas collection from the “Spokan River, sixty
miles from its confluence with the Columbia.” ‘The name has
subsequently sometimes been applied to A. microcystis Gray and
to A. obscurus Wats., the latter a more southern species, not
otherwise known to occur within two hundred and fifty miles
of the type-locality of A. miser. The improbability of the latter
interpretation was pointed out to me by Dr. Marion Ownbey,
and the type was accordingly examined when the opportunity
arose. In publishing Douglas’ description of A. miser, Hooker
noted that he had not seen the specimen himself. The type was
found at the British Museum. It proves to be a small specimen
of what has recently been passing as A. decumbens var. serotinus
(Gray) Jones. The specimen has linear, acute leaflets nearly 1
cm. long and about 1 mm. wide, the terminal one barely or
scarcely articulate to the rachis. The herbage is rather thinly
strigose. The specimen is merely in bud, but even in the absence
of well-developed flowers and fruit there seems little likelihood
of error in its determination. Although it approaches the more
southern A. decumbens var. decumbens in appearance, it is less
rigid than that variety, and is better matched by some of the
more depauperate specimens of A. decumbens var. serotinus,
within the range of which it was collected. On the basis of a
photograph of the type, deposited at the New York Botanical
‘Garden, Mr. Rupert C. Barneby concurs in the foregoing inter-
pretation. Since the name A. miser antedates Homalobus de-

Leaflets of Western Botany, Vol. VII, pp. 17~40, May 13, 1953.

;

18 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY __ [VOL. VII, NO. 2
cumbens Nutt. (the basonym of A. decumbens) by seven years,
a new series of varietal combinations is necessary.

Astragalus miser var. decumbens (Nutt.) Cronq., comb. noy.
Homalobus decumbens Nutt. ex T. & G., Fl. N. Am.. 1: 352 (1838).
A. campestris var. decumbens Jones, Rev. N. Am. Sp. Astr. 74 (1923).
Astragalus miser var. crispatus (Jones) Cronq., comb. nov.
A. campestris var. crispatus Jones, op. cit., 75.
Astragalus miser var. oblongifolius (Rydb.) Cronq., comb. nov.
Homalobus oblongifolius Rydb., Bull. ‘Torrey Club 34: 50 (1907).
A. hylophilus var. oblongifolius Macbr., Contr. Gray Herb. II. 65: 37
(1922).
Astragalus miser var. decurrens (Rydb.) Cronq., comb. nov.
Homalobus decurrens Rydb., Bull. ‘Torrey Club 31: 563 (1904).
A. decumbens var. decurrens Cronq., Leafl. West. Bot. 3: 255 (1943).

Except for Astragalus miser, all the species on which I wish to
comment are Compositae. These follow in alphabetical order.

Antennaria carpathica B. pulcherrima Hook. was differenti-
ated from typical A. carpathica Wahl. by its larger size and more
conspicuous pubescence. The involucral bracts might by impli-
cation be expected to be dark as in A. carpathica. The apparent
type at Kew bears out this assumption. The involucral bracts
are brownish with pale tips, the outer wholly brownish. Since
Hooker states that his variety pulcherrima is a foot or sometimes
a foot and a half high, while the specimen found at Kew is
scarcely 9 inches high, some doubt might be cast on its authen-
ticity as the type. The only other specimen found which might
possibly represent the type is a specimen 3 dm. tall in the Hooker
herbarium at Kew without indication of collector. This speci-
men also has dark bracts. It therefore seems reasonable to con-
firm the traditional interpretation of A. pulcherrima (Hook.)
Greene as a dark-bracted species. The related, chiefly more south-
ern, largely white-bracted species is A. anaphaloides Rydb.

Antennaria parvifolia Nutt. has been variously interpreted
by different authors, most of whom have not had access to the
original material. In my discussion of the application of this
name (Rhodora 48: 120,—1946), I neglected to point out that
Piper (Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 11: 605,—1906, and subsequent
works) and later St. John (Fl. S.E. Wash. and adj. Ida. 415,—1937)
had used it for the species described by Greene as A., aprica.
Partly due to my negligence, Boivin has recently been misled

MAY, 1953] SPECIMENS IN EUROPEAN HERBARIA 19

to state (Can. Field Nat. 65: 12-13,—1951) that the identification
of A. parvifolia with A. aprica has never been accepted by any-
body, and that Rydberg in 1918 was the first to suspect that the
two might prove to be the same.

Dr. Boivin further misinterprets my remarks to arrive at the
conclusion that I do not consider A. parvifolia (A. aprica) dis-
tinct from A. rosea Greene (including A. microphylla Rydb.).
Thus my conclusion that the name A. parvifolia Nutt. ap-
plies to the species that has been called A. aprica Greene,
rather than to the species that has been called A. microphylla
Rydb., A. rosea Greene, and various other names, is considered
by Boivin to be “un exercise intellectuel de peu de consé-
quence’. That it would certainly be did I consider A. aprica to
be taxonomically identical with A. rosea and A. microphylla.
Upon rereading my comments in Rhodora, I do not believe they
can properly be so interpreted.

As I previously pointed out, the isotype material of A. parvi-
folia at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia is
taxonomically identical with A. aprica Greene, a fact first called
to my attention by Dr. S. F. Blake. My examination of the type
material of A. parvifolia at the British Museum does not bear
out the statement made to me in a letter by Professor Fernald
that A. rosea and A. microphylla, as well as A. aprica, are repre-
sented in Nuttall’s original material. The material at the Brit-
ish Museum consists of five specimens, with three labels, evi-
dently representing three collections, which together make up
the type. All of the specimens are unsatisfactory, being young
and hardly developed. The fact that the heads, even though im-
mature, are as large as in characteristic A. rosea (including A.
microphylla) suggests that at maturity they would be larger and
of the proper size for A. aprica. The close aggregation of the
heads in all the specimens is characteristic of A. aprica rather
than of A. rosea, although similarly capitate forms of A. rosea
also exist and one cannot be certain that this feature would have
persisted until maturity anyhow. Two of the collections, con-
sisting of one and two plants each, are staminate, with slightly
_ yellowish, blunt involucral bracts. The third collection consist-
ing of two plants, is pistillate, with pinkish, blunt involucral
bracts. The immaturity of all of the specimens makes certain

20 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. VII, NO. 2

identification difficult, but I believe that they all represent the
same ultimate taxon, which is identical with A. aprica Greene.
Certainly there is nothing that can clearly be identified with
A. microphylla or with A. rosea in either the restricted or the ex-
panded sense. The pink color of the bracts is insufficient basis
for referring a specimen to A. rosea, since the same color is
found, less commonly, in A. aprica and in some other species as
well. The slight yellowish cast of the involucral bracts of some
of the original specimens of A. parvifolia is probably a post
mortem characteristic related to the manner of preparation of
the specimens. A related species, A. wumbrinella Rydb., charac-
teristically has more or less yellowish-brown to partly blackish
involucral bracts, but there the cellular structures of the in-
volucral bracts is different, being more or less intermediate be-
tween the closely striate type of A. parvifolia and A. rosea, and
the open lattice-work type of A. alpina. I am thus led to main-
tain my earlier conclusion that the name Antennaria aprica
Greene should give way to A. parvifolia Nuttall.

One may perhaps digress at this point to note that Boivin
apparently interprets A. microphylla Rydb. quite differently
from the way I do, with the statement that “Quant a A. micro-
phylla sensu Cronquist, je ne suis pas certain de quelle plant il
s'agit”. My interpretation of A. microphylla is based on the type
of the species at the New York Botanical Garden. From his com-
ments, and from the fact that he synonymizes A. nitida Greene
with A. microphylla Rydb., I suspect that A. microphylla sensu
Boivin may be part of the widespread and variable species for
which I believe the oldest name is A. wmbrinella Rydb. It
would not seem to be A. microphylla Rydb. sensu Rydb.

Artemisia desertorum y. Scouleriana Bess. in Hook. (FI. Bor.
Am. 1: 325,—1833) is represented in the Hooker herbarium at
Kew by Scouler 16, which is evidently the type. The specimen is
a robust, evidently perennial plant, with rather open inflores-
cence. It appears to be the same as A. pacifica Nutt. (1841) and
has been so annotated without signature. Those who accept A.
campestris in the wide sense of Hall and Clements and of Hegi,
and who use variety as the most common intraspecific category,
will find the following new combination necessary.

Artemisia campestris var. Scouleriana (Bess.) Crong., comb. nov.
A. desertorum y. Scouleriana Bess. ex Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 325 (1833).

;

MAY, 1953] SPECIMENS IN EUROPEAN HERBARIA 21

I consider this, as well as most of the other native American
forms of A. campestris, to belong to the subsp. borealis (Pall.)
Hall & Clem. Ariemisia campestris is one of the species in which
two levels of infraspecific categories (a hierarchy) are necessary
to express adequately the natural relationships.

To avoid possible further nomenclatural confusion I should
point out that the Hooker material of A. desertorum 8. Hooker-
tana Bess. in Hook. seems to include both var. borealis and var.
Scouleriana as I interpret them. To the extent that var. Hooker-
tana is typified by its Scoulertana element, the var. Hookeriana
must be reduced to the var. Scouleriana.

The specimen of Artemisia pacifica Nutt. that bears Nuttall’s
asterisk is labeled “Sea[wall?] of the Columbia”. It is apparently
a perennial, with loosely sericeous leaves, the basal ones well
developed. I see no reason to challenge the customary inter-
pretation of its identity. As noted above, A. desertorum var.
Scouleriana is the same as A. pacifica, and the epithet Scoulert-
ana has priority in varietal rank.

The name Aster subspicatus Nees (1832) has recently been
taken up by Hultén (Fl. Alas. & Yukon. Vol. 10, 1950) for Alaska
materials that have previously been treated as two different
taxa, A. Douglasii Lindl. (1834) and A. foliaceus Lindl. (1836)
sens. strict. I have not seen Nees’ type, but the unusually clear
and detailed description leaves no doubt that it is the same as
the Alaskan element of A. Douglasii. I have examined Dr.
Hultén’s specimens and discussed the problem with him. There
is no doubt that the two taxa intergrade freely along the Alas-
kan coast, even to the point where in consideration of that re-
gion alone one might defensibly treat them as conspecific.
When one considers also the material from the rest of western
North America, however, I believe it remains more satisfactory
to continue to treat the low, mostly single-headed, broader-
leaved, more often entire-leaved Alaskan plants with more leafy
involucre as A. foliaceus sens. strict., and to regard the taller,
more branched plants with mostly narrower and serrate leaves
and with less leafy involucre as another species, which now takes
the name A. subspicatus Nees. My plans for examination of the
type of A. foliaceus Lindl., from Unalaska, did not materialize,
but Dr. Hultén assures me that only the low form, ie. A.

ad LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY __ [VOL. VII, NO. 2

foliaceus as it has traditionally been interpreted, occurs on
Unalaska. It therefore seems unlikely that the customary ap-
plication of the name A. foliaceus need be disturbed.

In my revision of the Aster foliaceus group (Am. Midl. Nat.
29: 429_-468,—1943), I took up the name A. oregonus (Nutt.) T.
& G. for a common western species which had also been known,
in part, as A. Eatoni (Gray) Howell. The type of Tripolium ore-
gonum Nutt. (the basonym for Aster oregonus 'T. & G.) was
stated by Nuttall to have been taken on the banks of the Willa-
mette River, in western Oregon. Aster oregonus sensu Cron-
quist 1943 is rare or probably wholly absent in that area, but
the unreliability of Nuttall’s localities is well known. The type,
at the British Museum, proves to be an entire-leaved form of A.
subspicatus Nees (A. Douglasii Lindl.), a species which ts com-
mon in the Willamette Valley. The type has the discolored mar-
gins and bases of the involucral bracts so characteristic of A. sub-
spicatus, and the reddish pappus so often found (apparently as
a post mortem feature) in herbarium specimens of that species.
The stem is glabrous, save for some lines of pubescence in the
inflorescence, a condition frequently found in A. subspicatus,
but quite foreign to A. oregonus sensu Cronquist 1943. The fact
that the leaves are entire, rather than toothed as in the majority
of specimens of A. subspicatus, is unimportant, since entire-
leaved forms of the species are far from rare. Aster oregonus
(Nutt.) T. & G. must therefore be placed in the synonymy of
A. subspicatus Nees, along with A. Douglasii Lindl. The oldest
available name for the species which I had treated as A. ore-
gonus is A. Eatont (Gray) Howell.

The name Aster longifolius Lam. has recently gone out of
use, as being of doubtful application. The only specimen of A.
longifolius in the Lamarck herbarium at Paris appears to be a
form of A. novi-belgit L. The specimen is immature, with only
two rather small heads having reached the flowering stage. In
these the involucre has narrow, more or less herbaceous, more
or less recurved involucral bracts and looks quite normal for A.
novibelgit.

The type of Chaenactis Douglasit (Hook.) H. & A. is a very
robust specimen with densely glandular-puberulent involucres
up to 13 mm. high. The specimen has no root. The plant came

MAY, 1953] SPECIMENS IN EUROPEAN HERBARIA 23

from along the Columbia River a short distance east of the
Cascade Mountains, near what are now known as Celilo Falls.
In this area the species is characteristically more robust and
larger-headed than it is farther east, and is often perennial. The
name C. Suksdorfit Stockwell applies to what I believe to be the
same ultimate taxon. The type of C. Suksdorfii, from western
Klickitat Co., Washington, was taken only about 25 miles (or
less) west of the stated type-locality for C. Douglasii. It should
be noted that I do not propose to restrict the name C. Douglasii
to the C. Suksdorfit phase of the species. Several varieties, in-
cluding a number of segregates as well as C. Douglasii sensu
Stockwell, are to be recognized.

The type of Chrysothamnus pumilus Nutt. consists of two
specimens, each with a label, obviously representing two collec-
tions. Only one of the labels bears Nuttall’s asterisk. The speci-
men associated with it has the leaves l-nerved, 1-2 cm. long,
barely 1 mm. wide, and glabrous except for the irregularly
scabro-ciliate margins. The other specimen has the leaves a bit
wider, up to about 1.5 mm. wide, and mostly 3-nerved. It also
has a little obscure scabrous puberulence on some of the twigs.
I believe the name can stand in its present interpretation, not-
ing that most botanists now consider it to represent only a vari-
ety (or subspecies) of C. viscidiflorus (Hook.) Nutt.

Those of us who utilize the variety as the principal infra-
specific category are also faced with the problem of the identity
of Chrysothamnus pumilus B. euthamioides Nutt. The type is
a fragment some 5 inches long, with the inflorescence in early
bud, and with some of the inflorescence of the previous year still
persistent. The principal leaves are about 1—1.5 cm. long, 1-
nerved, and barely 1 mm. wide. The leaves and twigs are sparse-
ly, minutely, and irregularly scabrous-puberulent, not suff-
ciently obviously so for good var. puberulus (Eat.) Jeps., but
more so than in good var. pumilus (Nutt.) Jeps. In view of the
intermediate nature of the specimen, and in view of the dubious
biological basis of the presently recognized varieties of C. vis-
cidiflorus, I think it unwise to take up the epithet euthamioides
for any of the varieties at this time.

The name Chrysothamnus nauseosus subsp. albicaulis, based
on C. speciosus B. albicaulis Nutt., was used by Hall and Clem-

24 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. VII, NO. 2

ents (1923) for a sporadic variant, commonest in eastern Wash-
ington, which differs from C. nauseosus subsp. speciosus (Nutt.)
Hall & Clem. in the more copious and conspicuously whiter to-
mentum of its leaves and twigs. In my opinion the subsp. albi-
caulis as defined by them does not merit taxonomic recognition,
and should be included in their subsp. speciosus. The type of
C. speciosus B. albicaulis has the tomentum of the twigs white,
but that of the leaves is thin and therefore gray. The specimen
does not give the strikingly white appearance of the specimens
referred to subsp. albicaulis by Hall and Clements. Those who
wish to continue to recognize the most pubescent extreme as a
separate taxon will have to find another name for it; albicaulis
does not apply. Those (including myself) who recognize the
subordinate taxa of C. nauseosus as varieties will have to take up
the name C. nauseosus var. albicaulis (Nutt.) Rydb. for the
plant otherwise known as C. nauseosus var. speciosus (Nutt.)
Hall, or C. nauseosus subsp. speciosus (Nutt.) Hall & Clem.

The proper application of the name Cirsium brevifolium
Nutt. has long been uncertain. The type consists of two frag-
ments, each apparently representing part of a single branch.
They nicely match Nuttall’s description, except that the flower-
color (given as white by Nuttall) can neither be verified nor re-
futed. The shortness of the leaves noted by Nuttall in the de-
scription and in his choice of specific epithet is due merely to
the fact that only the upper part of the stem (or branches), with
its normally reduced leaves, is represented. ‘The aspect of the
specimens, and the technical characters, so far as they are repre-
sented, are those of the white-flowered species later described as
Carduus palousensis Piper.

Dr. Gerald Ownbey has recently noted (Rhodora 54: 34,—
1952) the resemblance of C. brevifolium to C. Flodmani (Rydb.)
Arthur, while reserving judgment as to its actual identity. Aside
from the fact that Nuttall described the flowers of C. brevifo-
lium as white, while those of C. Flodmani are typically purple
and only rarely white, examination of the type discloses some
features not readily compatible with C. Flodmani. The leaves
are glabrate above, as in C. palousense, rather than persistently
pubescent as in characteristic C. Flodmani. One of the two speci-
mens retains a very thin coating of arachnoid tomentum on the

MAY, 1953] SPECIMENS IN EUROPEAN HERBARIA 25

upper surface of the leaves, but even here the contrast between
the green upper surface and the white-tomentose lower surface
of the leaves is striking, and what little pubescence remains on
the upper surfaces of the leaves looks as if it was about ready to
fall off. The achenes are sufficiently immature so that they are
bent and partly collapsed, but even so they are 44.5 mm. long,
about the normal upper limit for mature achenes of C. Flod-
mani, At maturity they would more likely be within the charac-
teristic size-range (5-6 mm.) of C. palousense. From his study
of Nuttall’s itinerary and the species involved, Dr. Ownbey tells
me that Nuttall probably passed out of the range of C. Flodmani
shortly before that species ordinarily comes into flower, while
he passed through eastern Oregon during the proper season for
C. palousense. Although C. palousense is commonest in the
Palouse region of southeastern Washington, it also extends well
down into eastern Oregon, south of Nuttall’s route. I am satis-
fied that the name Czrstum brevifolium Nutt. properly applies
to the species now commonly known as C. palousense (Piper)
Piper.

John Thomas Howell has recently pointed out (Am. Midl.
Nat. 30: 29-31,—1943) that two distinct species have been passing
under the name Cirsium edule Nutt. He restricted the name C.
edule to the widespread phase which has a very slender corolla
with a relatively very long tube and short lobes, and has the
style included or barely exserted. He took up the name C.
Macounii (Greene) Rydb. for the plant occurring from the Cas-
cade Mts. of Washington to the Pacific coast, which has a coarser
corolla with relatively shorter tube and longer lobes, and has
the style conspicuously exserted. Other, mostly less tangible
differences exist between the two species. Howell’s typification
was logical and reasonable, especially in view of the fact that
the type of C. edule was supposed to have been collected in the
Blue Mts. of eastern Oregon, beyond the range of C. Macownit.
Unfortunately, the type itself, at the British Museum, proves to
be the same as C. Macounit, and no original material of Nut-
tall’s species has been found in the other herbaria (Gray Her-
barium of Harvard University, and Academy of Natural Sci-
ences of Philadelphia) where it might reasonably be sought. A
single dry corolla from the type showed a tube 8 mm. long, the

26 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY __ [VOL. VII, NO. 2

throat 4.5 mm. long, and the lobes 4-5 mm. long, and had the
style exserted 4 mm. Cirsium edule sensu Howell, on the other
hand, has the tube 12-18 mm. long, the throat 4-6 mm. long,
and the lobes 2-4 mm. long, with the style included or exserted
only about 1.5 mm. A single dry corolla of C. edule sensu How-
ell was laid alongside that of the type for comparison; the char-
acteristic difference in coarseness was conspicuous, the corolla
of the type being much coarser. Another corolla extracted from
the type specimen showed no significant differences from the
first one. Although the corolla-throat on the type material is
unusually short, the corolla and style are otherwise characteris-
tic of C. Macounii, and wholly incompatible with C. edule
sensu Howell. It therefore seems necessary to identify C. edule
Nutt. with the later C. Macounii (Greene) Rydb., and to sup-
pose that here, as in a number of other cases, Nuttall’s geograph-
ical data are incorrect.

So far as I am aware, there is no name available for Cirsiwm
edule sensu Howell. A new one is therefore proposed.

Cirsium brevistylum Cronq., spec. nov. Planta robusta, usque ad 2.5 m.
alta, caulibus crassis subsucculentis plus minusve arachnoideo-villosis, sub
capitulis moderate attenuatis; foliis parum spinosis, viridibus vel subtus
tenuiter floccosis; capitula plerumque aggregata, involucro 2-4 cm. alto,
bracteis eglutinosis plus minusve arachnoideis paulum imbricatis; corollis
(siccatis) purpureis, tubo tenuissimo 12-18 mm. longo, fauce 4-6 mm. longa,
lobis aequalibus vel subaequalibus 2-4 mm. Jongis; stylo incluso vel usque
ad 1.5 mm. exserto.

Type: A. A. & E. G. Heller 3963, near Montesano, “Chehalis”
(Gray’s Harbor) Co., Washington, June 27, 1898; deposited at
the New York Botanical Garden.

The type sheet of Grindelia nana Nutt., at the British Mu-
seum, bears two collections, each with a label, representing two
different phases of the species. One of these has relatively short-
tipped involucral bracts and conspicuously toothed leaves, thus
matching Nuttall’s description of G. nana. It is labeled “Fort
Vancouver & c.’’ The other specimen has longer-tipped, more
conspicuously squarrose bracts, and seems to correspond, as to
the involucre, to Nuttall’s @. integrifolia. Its leaves, though less
strongly toothed than those of the other specimen, are not, how-
ever, “nearly entire” as described by Nuttall. The label for this
specimen reads “Vancouver”. No other Nuttall material of G.

MAY, 1953] SPECIMENS IN EUROPEAN HERBARIA 27

nana was found, and neither of the specimens is marked as being
B. integrifolia, If we assume that in describing the leaves of var.
integrifolia as “nearly entire’, Nuttall was merely contrasting
them to the leaves of the other and presumably typical speci-
men, the potential difficulty is resolved. Although it is now wide-
spread in the United States as a sporadic introduction, G. nana
sens. lat. is probably native only from the eastern edge of the
Cascade Mts. to western and northern Idaho and western Mon-
tana; I doubt that either of Nuttall’s collections came from the
vicinity of Fort Vancouver on the west side of the Cascades. I
propose to typify G. nana Nutt. by the short-bracted specimen,
which is taxonomically identical with the plant described as G.
integerrima Rydb. and treated by Steyermark as G. nana var.
integerrima. Grindelia nana B. integrifolia would correspond-
ingly be typified by the long-bracted specimen. I would reduce
G. Brownii Heller and G. Paysonorum St. John to G. nana var.
integrifolia.

Steyermark (Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 21: 548,—1934) notes that
the apparent isotype of G. nana at the Gray Herbarium is short-
bracted and closely resembles G. integerrima Rydb. He then
goes on to say that “Granting that Nuttall’s specimen was a
depauperate individual of the common form in the vicinity of
Fort Vancouver and adjacent area and that his 8. integrifolia
has the longer bracts typical of the G. nana form common in
that portion of Oregon and Washington, we should take for the
historical G. nana the common plant of that portion of Oregon
and Washington with longer-tipped bracts, similar to Nuttall’s
G. nana 8. integrifolia. .. .” We are thus evidently agreed as to
the typification of G. nana and G. nana £. integrifolia, and fur-
ther agreed as to the biological nature of 8. integrifolia. We
differ as to which intra-specific population with which to asso-
ciate the agreed type material of G. nana. In contradiction of
his stated reason (geographical distribution) for associating
the type with the population which it does not morphologically
resemble, Steyermark’s own statement (p. 542) of the range of
G. nana sens. strict. would seem to exclude the whole Willa-
mette Valley and Puget Sound area, and with this restriction
(save for casual introductions) I would wholly agree. In view
of the known unreliability of Nuttall’s geographical data, and

28 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. VII, NO. 2

in view of the fact that there is no form of the species which is
or can be assumed to have been “common .. . in the vicinity of
Fort Vancouver and adjacent area’, I believe that the type of
G. nana should be associated with the population which it mor-
phologically resembles, namely the phase described by Rydberg
as G. integerrima. Grindelia nana sensu Steyermark will ac-
cordingly take the name G. nana var. integrifolia Nutt.
Several years ago (Rhodora 48: 122—125,—1946) I reduced a
number of supposed species to varietal status under Petasites
frigidus (L.) Fries. For the phase with distinctly but not deeply
lobed leaves I adopted the name var. corymbosus (R. Br.) Cronq.,
following the interpretation of the identity of Tussilago corym-
bosa that had been made by Hooker and later by Herder. This
interpretation of Tussilago corymbosa was questioned by Pro-
fessor Fernald, on the basis of a photograph at the Gray Her-
barium of supposedly authentic material of T. corymbosa R. Br.
Since the leaf in the photograph did not match Brown’s de-
scription, and since it was not organically attached to the stem,
I maintained Hooker’s interpretation of the name in spite of
the evidence of the photograph. I have now studied two sheets
at the British Museum and one at Kew, all of which appar-
ently represent original material of Tusstlago corymbosa R. Br.
All of these specimens are labeled as coming from Melville
Island. The one at Kew is indicated as having been collected
by Sabine; one of the specimens at the British Museum is
marked as having been collected by Sabine; the other, segre-
gated in the institutional type collection, is marked as having
been collected by Capt. Parry. (Brown cited no specimens, but
the introduction of his paper indicates the plants to have been
collected on Melville Island by Parry, Sabine, et al.) None of
these sheets has a basal leaf organically attached to the stem,
but all of their basal leaves are clearly of P. frigidus var. frigidus,
the phase of the species with merely coarsely and irregularly
toothed, scarcely lobed leaves. The statement in the original
description that the leaves are lobed can perhaps be explained
by assuming that Brown was attempting to emphasize their
angularly sublobed outline. It is furthermore doubtful that the
lobate phase which I treated as P. frigidus var. corymbosus ex-
tends as far north as Melville Island. Hultén is quite positive

MAY, 1953] SPECIMENS IN EUROPEAN HERBARIA 29

on this matter in the Flora of Alaska (vol. 10, p. 1583,—1950)
and has vigorously maintained the point in conversation. I
therefore now accept the conclusion of Fernald and of Hultén
that Tussilago corymbosa R. Br. is a synonym of Petasites
frigidus sens. strict.

Hultén has also maintained in the same work that P. hyper-
boreus Rydb. should be held as specifically distinct from P.
frigidus, in spite of the extensive hybridization between the two.
Personal conversation with Dr. Hultén and examination of his
specimens confirm the impression gained from his published
discussion that our difference is one of taxonomic philosophy
rather than one of understanding of the biological situation.
We are agreed that the difference in leaf-outline is so striking
that one is at first encounter impelled to consider that two spe-
cies are represented. We are agreed that the hybridization be-
tween the two is so extensive that the obvious influence of P.
hyperboreus on P. frigidus extends far beyond the geographic
limits of pure P. hyperboreus. We are agreed that hybrids be-
tween P. sagittatus and P. frigidus (either sens. strict. or sens.
ampl.) are relatively rare. We differ in that Dr. Hultén main-
tains that the amount of morphological difference between P.
frigidus and P. hyperboreus is so great as to prevent their being
considered conspecific, while I maintain that the extensive in-
tergradation and admitted close relationship between the two
necessitates their inclusion (as varieties) in the same species. I
would further point out that the morphological differences,
although conspicuous, concern only the size and outline of the
leaves, and might be due to only a very few genes. Florally, and
in other vegetative respects save for mere vigor, they are iden-
tical. There are some genera, notably Aster and Senecio, in
which it may become necessary to treat as distinct species taxa
which are no more distinct than P. frigidus and P. hyperboreus,
because otherwise one would have to include such a large num-
ber of very diverse entities in the same species as to render the
concept of species practically meaningless. This is not the case
in Petasites. By expanding the limits of P. frigidus as I have
done (and as Herder did before me, under another generic
name), one arrives at a coherent, sharply definable unit. I there-
fore maintain my previous definition of the species.

30 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY __ [VOL. VII, NO. 2

It now becomes necessary to provide a varietal name for the
plant which I treated as P. frigidus var. corymbosus and which
Hultén treats as P. hyperboreus. I concur in Hultén’s conclusion
(1950) that P. frigidus var. hyperboreoides Hultén (Fl. Aleut.
Isl]. 1937) is morphologically intermediate between P. frigidus
sens. strict. and P. hyperboreus. Characteristic P. hyperboreus
is not known to occur in the type region of P. frigidus var.
hyperboreoides, although P. frigidus proper is there. This name
therefore cannot be used for P. hyperboreus. The oldest name
for the taxon in question is apparently P. palmatus var. frigidus
Macoun (1886), based on specimens from British Columbia,
but obviously Macoun’s variety cannot be transferred without
change of name into P. frigidus (L.) Fries. The next oldest name
is P. nivalis Greene, based on plants from Mt. Rainier, Wash-
ington. It is thought best to adopt Greene’s epithet in varietal
status, in spite of the fact that some of the more recent ones are
more familiar.

Petasites frigidus var. nivalis (Greene) Cronq., comb. nov.
P. nivalis Greene, Pitt. 2: 18 (1889).

The three varieties of P. frigidus, as I understand them, may
be characterized as follows:

Leaves merely coarsely toothed, scarcely or barely lobed; characteristically
arctic, extending south, uncommonly, to central Washington......
var. frigidus
Leaves evidently lobed.
Leaves palmately or more often pinnipalmately lobed and veined, the
lobes ordinarily not extending more than half way to the base
(or often deeper in western specimens, which are distinctly
pinnipalmate); leaves seldom more than 2 dm. wide, seldom
evidently wider than long; characteristically subarctic or of
boreal forests, extending south to the Gaspé Peninsula of
Quebec, northern Minnesota, and at high elevations in the
mountains to northern Oregon .........-........ var. nivalis
Leaves palmately lobed and veined, the lobes Saat extending well
over half way to the base (or in western specimens often only
about half way to the base); leaves tending to be broader than
long, often very large (up to 4 dm. wide); more southern than
the other varieties, extending south to California, Minnesota,
Michigan, jand Massachusetts i. 2,0.ct. = 's:2p 00 «at var. palmatus

Eastern materials of both var. nivalis and var. palmatus vary
about slightly different norms from what their western counter-

MAY, 1953 | NEW SPECIES OF ASTRAGALUS 31

parts do, without any of the differences being sufficiently con-
stant to warrant taxonomic segregation. The var. palmatus in
eastern America has more deeply lobed leaves, with fewer small
callous teeth than it has in western America; the leaves of var.
nivalis in western America may be more deeply lobed than in
the east, but they are also more constantly pinnipalmate instead
of palmate. Thus in eastern America the two varieties are more
consistently distinguished by the depth of the lobes of the leaf,
while in western America they are best distinguished by the
outline of the leaf and orientation of the lobes.

Senecio bivestitus Cronq., described in 1950 from specimens
from the Beartooth Mts. of Wyoming, proves to be identical
with S. fuscatus Hayek, a species otherwise known from widely
disjunct areas in central Europe, Siberia, and Alaska and adja-
cent Yukon. The Beartooth Mt. station is more than 1500 miles
from the nearest presently known locality for the species, which
is well represented with Alaskan materials in the Museum of
Natural History at Stockholm.

The type of Senecio cordatus Nutt., bearing the data “Colum-
bia plains and woods”, is a robust specimen of S. ntegerrimus
Nutt. sens. lat., quite possibly the var. ochroleucus (Gray)
Crong. as suggested by Gray (sub S. lugens var. ochroleucus)
in the Synoptical Flora. ‘The leaves are only deltoid-subcordate,
rather than truly cordate. The original color of the rays is now
difficult to determine, but it seems probable that they were not
strictly white.

PUGILLUS ASTRAGALORUM XV:
FOUR NEW SPECIES

BY R. C. BARNEBY
Wappingers Falls, New York

Astragalus Waterfallii Barneby, spec. nov., A. tephrodem var. brachylo-
bum (Gray) Barneby habitu toto simulans, sed imprimis legumine triquetrim
compresso 2-loculari graviter discrepans.

Herba perennis humilis subacaulescens vel breviter caulescens e radice
lignosa valida, pilis rectis appressis nonnullisque adscendentibus basifixis
fere undique strigulosa, praeter foliolorum paginam superiorem glabram
viridem cinerea vel canescens; caulibus e radicis collo vel e caudice breviter
furcato ortis ad 5.5 cm. usque longis diffusis, internodiis 2-10 mm. longis
Sstipulis imbricatis saepe occultis; stipulis membranaceis pallidis ovato-tri-

a2 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY __ [VOL. VII, NO. 2

angularibus -lanceolatisve 3-8 mm. longis, petiolo breviter adnatis, caulem
semiamplectentibus inter se liberis; foliis petiolatis 3-10 cm. longis; foliolis
4_12-jugis ellipticis ovalibus ovato-oblongis oblanceolatisve obtusis vel acu-
tiusculis 3-10 mm. longis; pedunculis (1.5) 3-11 cm. longis, ad anthesin
adscendentibus fructiferis prostratis; racemis breviter laxeque (4) 6—-17-floris,
floribus adscendentibus patulisve, axi fructifero parum elongato (0.5) 1-4
cm. longo; bracteis 2-7 mm. longis pedicellos ad anthesin 1-2 mm. fructi-
feros 1.5-2.5 mm. longos fere semper superantibus; bracteolis setaceis lan-
ceolatisve rarius 0; calyce 10-14 mm. longo, albo- vel nigro-striguloso-
pilosulo, tubo late cylindrico 8-11.6 mm., dentibus subulatis vel triangu-
laribus 1.3-3 mm. longis; petalis roseo-purpureis, carinae apice saturatius
maculato; vexillo sensim per 40° recurvo oblanceolato vel ovato-cuneato
19-23 mm. longo, (6.4) 8-10.3 mm. lato; alarum vix breviorum unguiculis
9-11.4 mm., laminis anguste lanceolato-oblongis obtusis supra medium
paulo incurvis 10.2-12.8 mm. longis, 2.1-3.5 mm. latis; carinae 16.6-19 mm,
longae unguiculis 9-10.9 mm., laminis lunatim oblanceolatis 7.7-9.3 mm.
longis, 2.9-3.5 mm. latis, per 85°-95° in apicem valde obtusum incurvis;
legumine adscendenti (humistrato) sessili, cum receptaculo demum articu-
lato, anguste oblongo-ellipsoideo subrecto vel leviter incurvo (1.7) 2-3 cm,
longo, 5-8 mm. diametro, basi cuneato, apice abrupte acuto cuspidato, de
latere atque triquetrim compresso, angulis ventrali sutura prominula cari-
nato lateralibus obtusis, facie dorsali sulcata, valvulis strigulosis maculatis
primum carnosis demum coriaceis brunneis dorsaliter late inflexis septum
completum 34.2 mm. latum efformantibus; ovulis 28-38; seminibus maturis
ignotis.

New Mexico: 21 miles west of Artesia, Eddy County, April
12,1952, U. T. Waterfall 10615 (type in Herb. Oklahoma A. & M.
College, Stillwater!); Hope, Eddy County, June, 1917, Marion
L. Campbell (CAS); 46 miles east of Cloudcroft, Chaves County,
Waterfall 10606 (OKLA). Trxas: Hueco Mts., alt. 4000 ft., El
Paso County, Ripley & Barneby 4207 (in the writer’s collection).
Stony slopes and open hillsides in desert grassland, locally plen-
tiful on the easterly foothills of the Sacramento Mountains,
southeastern New Mexico, south toextreme northwestern Texas.
March-June.

Flowering plants of A. Waterfallii resemble to an extraordi-
nary degree some forms of the variable and polymorphic A.
tephrodes Gray, and it seems manifestly referable to Sect. Ar-
gophylli, in spite of its obtusely triquetrous, fully bilocular pod.
Interestingly enough, the flower is that of the geographically
distant A. tephrodes var. brachylobus (Gray) Barneby, which
ranges from southwestern New Mexico into southern Nevada,

1Several isotypes will be distributed by the collector.

MAY, 1953] NEW SPECIES OF ASTRAGALUS 33

rather than of var. tephrodes, whose range nearly approaches,
and in western Texas perhaps overlaps, that of A. Waterfallii.
Typical A. tephrodes has, in the rare A. feensis Jones of north-
central New Mexico, its own mimetic relative, again so similar
in general habit of growth that flowering specimens (between
Albuquerque and Cerrillos, McKelvey 2373, GH, as amplified
by a fruiting collection from nearly the same locality, Ripley &
Barneby 7558, CAS) were, I think pardonably, listed as A.
tephrodes in my revision of the section (Amer. Midl. Nat. 37:
465); and this again has a triquetrous, bilocular legume. ‘Thus
we find two nearly monomorphic species localized at or near
the distributional limit of an apparently closely related, vari-
able and widely diffused species differing from both in the lack
of septum in the pod, a situation repeated in southern Califor-
nia, where the bilocular A. leucolobus Jones, endemic to the
San Bernardino and Santa Rosa mountains, has unquestionably
arisen at the edge of the vast range of closely related A. Purshit
Dougl. And it may be relevant here to adduce the case of A.
anisus Jones”, for which no satisfactory place in the genus has
hitherto been found. Associated by Jones and Rydberg, on
account of its obliquely globose-ovoid, nearly beakless, bilocular
pod, with Sect. Crassicarpi, or Sect. Mollissimi, where its habit
or growth and dolabriform vesture are wholly anomalous, it
falls easily and naturally into Sect. Argophylli and finds close
resemblances among several species (A. castaneiformis Wats.,
especially) with unilocular pod.

These various examples of twin or at least related species
differing so sharply and consistently in the presence or absence
of septum provide evidence of the low systematic value of this
character above the specific rank. In Sect. Argophylli the sep-
tum seems to be a derived and relatively recent acquisition; but
this is probably not the case in the genus as a whole.

As will be apparent from the context, A. Waterfalli is named
in honor of Prof. U. T. Waterfall, to whom the writer is in-
debted for much finely prepared material of New Mexican and
Oklahoman Astragali.

2Known since 1892 from the type only, this supposedly collected near Pueblo, Colorado,
A. anisus was rediscovered as lately as 1949 by William A. Weber near Gunnison. It has since
been traced along the Gunnison Valley for a distance of about 40 miles upstream from the
Black Canyon.

34 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY __ [VOL. VII, NO. 2

Astragalus Harbisonii Barneby, spec. nov., inter Phacae ser. Candidissimas
Rydb. ob stipulas contra folium concretas atque legumen vesicario-inflatum
1-loculare juxta A. anemophilum Greene collocanda, sed ab hoc legumine
subdimidio minori striguloso nec tomentello, vexillo alas multo superanti
(nec subaequilongo) minus recurvo, dentibus calycinis elongatis, foliolisque
ellipticis acutis absimilis.

Herba verosimiliter perennis (radice ignota) omnibus fere partibus pilis
basifixis plerisque brevissimis crispulis paucisque longioribus rectiusculis
adscendentibus (ad 0.4—0.6 mm. usque longis) commixtis dense villosulo-
tomentuloso et sericeo-canescens; caulibus gracilibus ut videtur assurgenti-
bus erectisve 2.5-3 dm. longis, basi tantum pauciramosis; stipulis subherba-
ceis demum chartaceis late triangularibus 3-5 mm. longis amplexicaulibus,
imis contra petiolum per 1-2 mm. inter se concretis; foliis 5-9 cm. longis,
summis brevissime petiolatis; foliolis (6) 8-ll-jugis ellipticis acutis vel
acutiusculis 3-11 mm. longis; pedunculis erectis strictis 5.5-10 cm. longis;
racemis densiuscule 13-23-floris, floribus adscendentibus, axi fructifero
parum elongato 1.5-3.5 (5.5) cm. longo, leguminibus confertis; pedicellis
adscendentibus rectis, fructiferis persistentibus 1.2-1.4 mm. longis; bracteolis
2 minimis; calycis 5.2-6.6 mm. longi tubo campanulato 3.5-4.1 mm. longo,
dentibus subulatis 1.7-2.5 mm. longis; petalis albidis pallide violascentibus,
carina saturatius maculata; vexillo per 45° recurvo rhombico-elliptico circa
12 mm. longo, 6.5 mm. lato; alis paulo brevioribus, unguiculis 4.6 mm.,
laminis oblongo-oblanceolatis obtusissimis subrectis 7.3-7.9 mm. longis,
2.4-3 mm. latis; carinae 9.2-9.9 mm. longae unguiculis 4.7-6 mm., laminis
semiobovatis 5.15.5 mm. longis, 2.6 mm. latis, abruptiuscule in apicem
obtusum incurvis; legumine erecto sessili demum cum receptaculo articu-
lato oblique ellipsoideo vesicario-inflato 2 cm. longo, 8-9 mm. diametro,
ventraliter obscure sulcato, apicem versus in rostrum brevem triangularem
compressum leviter incurvum contracto, suturis filiformibus, valvulis mem-
branaceo-chartaceis subdiaphanis immaculatis subappresse strigulosis nullibi
inflexis; ovulis 24-27; seminibus maturis ignotis.

Mexico: Baja California (northern district): Punta Baja, 6
April 1950, Charles F. Harbison. Type in Herb. San Diego Soc.
Nat. Hist., No. 43872; isotype, kindly communicated by Mrs.
Ethel Bailey Higgins, in the writer’s collection.

The combination of connate stipules with sessile bladdery
pod is not a common one in the genus, and is known so far from
southern Alta and Baja California only in the case of A. anemo-
philus Greene, to which A. Harbisonii is closely related. Greene’s
species is locally abundant on the dunes bordering San Quintin
Bay, of which Punta Baja forms the southern extremity, and
a question arises as to whether A. Harbisonit may represent no
more than a form of it. However the vesture of A. anemophilus
is tomentose throughout, composed of fine curly entangled and

MAY, 1953] NEW SPECIES OF ASTRAGALUS 35

a very few longer ascending hairs, while the large pods, 3.5—-4
cm. long and 1.5-2 cm. or more in diameter, are finely woolly;
whereas in A. Harbisonii the stems and leaves are both villous
and tomentulose and the pods, about 2 cm. long and | cm. or
less in diameter, are merely strigulose. Furthermore the petals
of A. Harbisonii are strongly graduated, with banner longer
than the wings and recurved through only 45° (through 85°,
and equaling or a trifle shorter than the wings in A. anemoph-
ilus), the calyx-teeth are subulate (not broadly triangular),
the ovules 24-27 (not 32-38), and the leaflets elliptical and acute
(not broadly obovate to suborbicular and obtuse). It seems hard-
ly possible to extend the concept of A. anemophilus, an appar-
ently stable species, to include so great a latitude of variation
in so many directions.

In the size and vesture of the pod and in the proportions and
curvature of the petals A. Harbisonii closely resembles A. mag-
dalenae Greene, likewise a maritime species, but ranging much
further south on the Peninsula. Here, however, the stipules are
free, and the lustrous satiny vesture of the herbage (to which
Bentham’s original epithet candidissima is so appropriate) is
composed of nearly straight appressed hairs.

Astragalus monumentalis Barneby, spec. nov. A. desperato Jones et A.
deteriori (Barneby)3 habitu similis et manifeste affinis, ab illo legumine
erecto multo angustiori biloculari striguloso nec patule villoso, ab hoc
stipulis omnino liberis atque legumine magis compresso in receptaculo arcte
sessili (nec in gynophoro insidenti), petalis purpureis, aliisque notulis dis-
cedens.

Herba pumila depressa caespitosa, perennis sed verosimiliter primo anno
florens, pilis basifixis appressis subappressisque ad 0.7 mm. usque longis
fere undique striguloso-cinerea; caulibus e collo radicis verticalis gracilis
vel apud plantas vetustiores e caudice breviter ramuloso ortis 1-3 cm. longis
prostratis, internodiis congestis stipulas vix duplo superantibus; stipulis
submembranaceis late ovatis vel triangularibus 2-5 mm. longis, imis am-
plexicaulibus sed haud connatis; foliis 1.5-5.5 cm. longis, petiolo rachique
gracilibus inferne nonnumquam persistentibus; foliolis (2) 4—7 (8)-jugis
obovatis oblongo-ellipticis vel ellipticis obtusis leviter retusis acutisve 3—9
mm. longis, plerisque conduplicatis extrorsus falcatis demum facile deciduis;
pedunculis 1.5-5 cm. longis, fructiferis reclinatis; racemis laxe 3_8-floris,
floribus adscendentibus, axi fructifero 8-15 mm. longo; bracteis membrana-
ceis lanceolatis 1.5-5 mm. longis, pedicellum rectum circa 1] mm., fructiferum

Astragalus deterior (Barneby) Barneby, stat. nov. A. naturitensis var. deterior Bar-
neby, Leafl. West. Bot. 5: 33 (1948). Cf. discussion below.

36 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY __ [VOL. VII, NO. 2

ad 1.7 mm. longum superantibus; bracteolis 0; calycis pilis albis vel non-
nullis pullis adspersis strigulosi tubo campanulato 3.7-4.5 mm. longo, den-
tibus subulatis 1-2 mm. longis; petalis purpureis; vexillo ultra unguiculum
flabellato-cuneatum ovato 8.5-13 mm. longo; alis 8.1-12 mm. longis, laminis
lunatim oblongo-ovatis obtusis 5.4-8.5 mm. longis; carinae 7.8-11 mm.
longae laminis semiobovatis subrectis 5.3-6 mm. longis, circa 2.3 mm. latis,
abrupte per 100° in apicem deltoideum obtusum incurvis; legumine adscen-
denti arcte sessili cum receptaculo demum articulato ambitu lineari-lan-
ceolato sensim incurvo 1.8-2.5 cm. longo, 3.5-4 mm. lato, basi obtuso, apice
abrupte acuto et cuspidato, triquetrim compresso, sutura ventrali leviter
concava acutissima, faciebus lateralibus latis planis dorsali angustiori et
anguste sulcata, valvulis chartaceis viridibus lutescentibus purpureo-guttula-
tis vel immaculatis, pilis appressis 0.3-0.4 mm. longis strigulosis, profunde
inflexis septum completum vel fere completum efformantibus; ovulis circa
16; seminibus (submaturis) brunneis scrobiculatis circa 2 mm. longis.

Uran: White Canyon, 25 miles north of Hite, Garfield
County, alt. 5000 ft., May 18, 1950, B. F. Harrison 11595. Type
in U. S. Nat. Herb., No. 2006332. Arizona: 12 miles north of
Kayenta, Navajo County, alt. 5300 ft., Peebles & Fulton 11928
(U. S. Nat. Herb.).

Astragalus monumentalis has been known for several years*
in the form of fragmentary specimens collected near the south
entrance to Monument Valley (whence the epithet), but was
left undescribed until further material could be secured. ‘The
fine specimens now at hand, kindly communicated by Mr. C. V.
Morton, permit a clear, if still not quite complete view of a
striking novelty related to A. desperatus Jones and A. deterior
Barneby. Similar in general habit to both, it is readily dis-
tinguished from the former by the erect, linear-lanceolate,
shortly strigulose (and not declined, obliquely ovoid, villous-
hirsutulous) pod, and from the latter, to which it seems more
directly allied, in the following characters:

A. MONUMENTALIS A. DETERIOR
Stipules all free, the lowest amplexi- Stipules, at least near the base of the
caul but not embracing more than stem, shortly connate opposite the
3% the stem’s circumference. petiole
Petals bright pink-purple, drying Petals ochroleucous, tinged with sor-
violet did purple
Keel 7.8-11 long Keel 5—7.5 mm. long

Pod strictly sessile on the receptacle, Pod sessile but elevated on a slender

4Tt is the A. ensiformis of Kearney & Peebles, Fl. Pl. Ariz. 488. 1942, as to the collection
oe fom eoyenta (not Jones), later recognized by them as an undescribed species, in FI.
riz. 470. 1951.

MAY, 1953] NEW SPECIES OF ASTRAGALUS oT

the body narrowly and deeply in- stipelike gynophore 0.2-1 mm. long
flexed as a complete or nearly com- and jointed to it, the body shal-
plete septum 1.2-2 mm. wide lowly and openly sulcate dorsally,
the valves inflexed as a rudimen-
tary septum 0.2-0.6 mm. wide
Ovules about 16 Ovules 8-10

The type-specimens are labelled as having been found in
“wet sand at bottom of a narrow wash,” but this is unlikely to
prove a characteristic habitat. Considerations of general growth-
habit and analogy with its close allies suggest that A. monumen-
talis is normally xerophytic, and is probably to be classed among
the “‘ledge-pavement” species alluded to in an earlier paper
(Leafl. West. Bot. 5: 82, sequ.).

Since A. deterior was first described I have seen more of it
(J. T. Howell No. 24756, CAS) and now believe it to be so far
distinct from A. naturitensis Pays. as to deserve specific status.
The gynophore and incipient septum of the pod, and the con-
nate lower stipules, when added to the characters already
emphasized (Leafl. West. Bot. 5: 89, in key), are abundantly
distinctive. There seems to be no valid reason for excluding
A. naturitensis from Sect. Argophylli; whereas A. deterior be-
longs to a small section endemic to the Colorado Basin of which
A. desperatus may be considered typical.

Astragalus carminis Barneby, spec. nov. affinitatis dubiae, A. madrensi
Jones floribus mediocribus et legumine lineari-oblongo biloculari haud
absimilis, sed legumine manifeste stipitato (nec more Hamosae sensu Rydb.
arcte sessili) aliisque compluribus notulis abhorrens.

Herba perennis gracilis pluricaulis, caulibus simplicibus pauciramosisque
e caudice breviter ramuloso adscendentibus 1.5-5 dm. longis, cum inferiori
foliolorum pagina pube appressa basifixa adspersim strigulosis; stipulis
deltoideis vel lanceolato-acuminatis hyalino-marginatis 1.5-3 mm. longis
inter se liberis; foliis 3-8 (10) cm. longis breviter petiolatis; foliolis 6—-13-
jugis oblongo-obovatis vel obovato-cuneatis retusis bicoloribus, inferne palli-
dis; pedunculis gracilibus adscendentibus 4-9 cm. longis; racemis laxe (4)
6-10 (12)-floris, floribus patulis, axi fructifero 1-5 cm. longo; pedicellis ad
anthesin vix 1 mm., fructiferis 1.5-2 mm. longis, adscendentibus; bracteolis
0; calycis parce nigro- et albo-strigulosi tubo campanulato antice subgibboso
1.62.3 mm. longo, dentibus lanceolatis vel triangulari-subulatis 1.6-3 mm.,
rarius ad 4 mm. usque longis; petalis pallide purpurascentibus vel sub-
coeruleis; vexillo abrupte per angulum rectum recurvo obovato-cuneato
circa 10 mm. longo, 4.5-5.5 mm. lato; alis vexillo subaequilongis, unguiculis
2.5-3 mm., laminis anguste oblongis obtusis leviter incurvis circa 8 mm.
longis, 1.8 mm. latis; carinae circa 7.5 mm. longae unguiculis 3 mm., laminis
4_4.5 mm. longis, 2.2-2.5 mm. latis, per angulum rectum in apicem triangu-

38 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY __ [VOL. VII, NO. 2

larem acutum abruptiuscule incurvis; legumine patulo vel laxe adscendenti
lineari-oblongo gradatim incurvo vel falcato 12-20 mm. longo, 2.5-3 mm.
lato, basi in stipitem brevem 1-2 mm. longum calyce haud rupto persistenti
indutum contracto, triquetro-compresso, dorso sulcato, valvulis chartaceis
transverse reticulatis glabris introflexis septum completum circa 1.6 mm.
latum efformantibus; ovulis circa 12; seminibus brunneis 2-2.5 mm. longis.

Mexico. Coahuila: Cafion de Sentenela on Hacienda Piedra
Blanca, Sierra del Carmen, Municipio de Villa Acuna, 6 July
1936, F. Lyle Wynd & C. H. Mueller 556. Type in U. S. Nat.
Herb., No. 1639958. Hillcoat Mesa, west of Encantada Ranch,
E. G. Marsh 1488 (this and the following in herb. Gray.); Sierra
del Pino, near La Noria, Johnston & Mueller 513, 689; Canon
de Ybarra, Sierra del Pino, R. M. Stewart 1867; Sierra Almagre,
near the Chihuahua boundary, Johnston & Mueller 1137 —Moist
streamsides, canyons and open slopes among pines and scrub-
oaks, apparently not uncommon in the mountains of north-
western Coahuila south of the Big Bend of the Rio Grande.
June—September.

The type of A. carminis has been referred to A. madrensis
Jones, a species of the Sierra Madre in central Chihuahua not
unlike it in general habit but characterized by deflexed sessile
pods. The natural affinities of A. carminis are unclear, and can-
not be profitably explored against the disorganized background
of our present knowledge of the genus in Mexico. It must suffice
here to point out that the combination of free stipules, loose
racemes of spreading (and not abruptly deflexed) flowers, and
shortly stipitate, triquetrous, bilocular legume is peculiar to
A. carminis in the Texano—Mexican region.

The writer is indebted to Dr. Ivan M. Johnston for the loan
of the fine series of specimens in the Gray Herbarium, these
fully confirming the distinctness of the type, by which the char-
acters of A. carminis were first recognized.

NEW RECORDS OF WESTERN WEEDS
BY JOHN THOMAS HOWELL
During the summer of 1952 I collected a number of Old
World plants occurring as weeds in Oregon and California. The
following seem to represent new records for the states where I
found them.

MAY, 1953] WESTERN WEEDS 39

AGROPYRON TRITICEUM Gaertn. This annual Russian wheat-
grass was locally common along the highway 4.5 miles east of
Baker, Baker County, Oregon, July 4, Howell 28615. According
to Agnes Chase in Hitchcock’s Manual ed. 2, the grass is spar-
ingly introduced but is reported from stations in Montana,
Wyoming, Idaho, and Washington (p. 232). It promises to be-
come a widespread and common grass on western range lands.

ALOPECURUS PRATENSIS L. Meadow foxtail was found growing
with Glyceria and Carex in marshy ground along the highway,
2 miles north of Castle Crags, Shasta County, California, June
13, Howell 28328. Fifty years ago Howell reported this European
grass as naturalized in the range of his northwestern flora, so it
is not surprising that it has at last appeared in northern Cali-
fornia. According to Mrs. Chase, the meadow foxtail is known
to grow spontaneously in the western states only in Oregon and
Idaho. Robbins has stated that it “is sparingly naturalized in
California” but cites no locality (Univ. Calif. Agr. Exp. Sta.
Bull. 637: 18,—1940). The meadow foxtail is not listed, how-
ever, by Robbins, Bellue, and Ball in their Weeds of California
(1941, 1951).

MALCOLMIA AFRICANA (L.) R. Br. This mauve-flowered annual
mustard was collected 8.3 miles southwest of Wagtontire, Lake
County, Oregon, July 6, Howell 28730. At this place it grew on
a sandy alkaline flat together with Phacelia glandulifera Piper
and Cryptantha Watsonii (Gray) Greene between shrubs of
Sarcobatus vermiculatus (Hook.) Torr. and Artemisia triden-
tata Nutt. I had seen the plant near Burns, Harney County, but
I had not collected it, thinking it must be as well known in
Oregon as it is in Utah, Nevada, and Arizona. Only an irre-
sistibly attractive specimen caused me to collect it when I did!

MEDICAGO MINIMA (L.) Grufberg. Mats of this bur-clover grew
on shaded banks 2.7 miles from Gold Hill on Sams Valley road,
Jackson County, Oregon, July 9, Howell 28805. It had been
found in the same region by M. E. Peck, May 22, 1948 (road-
side, 4 miles northeast of Central Point, Jackson County, No.
24852). In the western United States the species has been re-
ported from Texas, Arizona, and California.

CHRYSANTHEMUM Batsamita L. The costmary of Europe
was rare in low ground along Table Rock Road in the Rogue

40 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY __ [VOL. VII, NO.2

River Valley not far from the Table Rock historical monument,
Jackson County, Oregon, July 9, Howell 28792. The flower-
heads were only in bud but the plant was unmistakable because
of the minty fragrance of the herbage. The only other reports
for costmary in the western states of which I know are St. John’s
for Washington (Fl. SE. Wash. Adj. Idaho, p. 436) and Cron-
quist’s for Idaho (Leafl. West. Bot. 5: 72).

NAVARRETIA HETERANDRA IN OREGON. In July, 1952, on a dry
grassy slope near the southeastern base of Table Mountain,
Jackson County, Oregon, I found Navarretia heterandra Mason
(Howell 28800) growing with N. pubescens (Benth.) H. & A. and
N. tagetina Greene. Mr. Beecher Crampton confirmed my de-
termination as well as my opinion that the plant has apparently
not been reported before from Oregon. Mr. Crampton has not
checked my determination of the following Oregon collections,
but they also seem referable to N. heterandra: roadside hollow,
8 miles south of Trail, Jackson County, Howell 6755 in 1931;
near Trail in the Rogue River Canyon at Elk Creek, Jackson
County, Howell 6762 in 1931; 9 miles north of Grants Pass, Jo-
sephine County, Eastwood & Howell 2811 in 1936. It was at the
Elk Creek station where I also found the rare N. subuligera
Greene (Howell 6778), apparently the only reported collection
of that species from Oregon (cf. Jepson Fl. Calif. 3:150).

The type of N. heterandra was collected in Tehama County,
California, on the south side of Cottonwood Creek, across the
creek from the town of Cottonwood, which is in Shasta County.
The plants grew on a dry grassy flat together with N. pubescens,
N. tagetina, N. viscidula Benth., and Lagophylla glandulosa
Gray. The collection number is Howell 12233, not 12223 as
given in the original description (Madrofo 8:197). — JOHN
‘THOMAS HowELL.

Errata. The following corrections must be noted to rectify
two egregious errors in LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BoTANy, Volo7;
No. 1:

Line 15, page 4, should read: flora with the finding of this
curious parasitic plant on sand; and,

Line 33, page 15, should read: Annual herb .. ., not Perennial
herb. . ..—JOHN THomAs HowELL.

Se,
oo 307
¢:/

i a Gea
Vol. VII No. 3

LEAFLETS
of
WESTERN BOTANY

In Commemoration of the
Centennial of the
California Academy of Sciences

1853 —1953
SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA

Aucust 28, 1953

LEAFLETS
of
WESTERN BOTANY

Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco 18.

Cited as
LEAFL. WEsT. Bort.

Owned and published by

Joun Tuomas HowELi

————/-,.

ae eS a ee

OUR FIRST HUNDRED YEARS:

Botany at the Academy
from the

Days of Gold

<>
THE CALIFORNIA BOTANICAL CLUB

presents
a Symposium
in the Centennial Year
of the
CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
in honor of its

DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY

<*>

LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY
San Francisco, California

August 28, 1953

Gifts from the following have made possible this
commemorative issue of LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
CALIFORNIA BOTANICAL CLUB

IpA BOURNE AND LENA GIBBS FUND
OF THE CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

MIGNON AUGSBURY
R. C. BARNEBY
H. CLAIRE AND ELLA DALES CANTELOW
ALICE EASTWwoop
LuTIE GOLDSTEIN
ANNA M. HoweELu
Epcar M. KAHN
THOMAS H. KEARNEY
Grecory S. LYon
OLIVE H. MAcFARLAND
H. D. Ripley

Lewis S. ROSE

Botany at the Academy in the City
of the Golden Fifties *

BY JOSEPH EWAN

Tulane University, New Orleans

When the five doctors, a real estate man, and a school super-
intendent met informally on April 4, 1853, to consider organ-
izing an academy to bring together persons with a collecting
urge, or a curiosity to know the singular forms of life that they
noticed were different from those “back home,’’ there could have
been little notion of the expeditions, comprehensive collections,
and reference libraries in the natural sciences that would follow.
Though we know little about some of the men who met that
day to speak quite honestly, they must have had something of
the spirit of the Salem merchants who while they spent most of
their time vending staples and making money always took time
to remind their friends the sea captains to watch for big conch
shells on the next voyage, a nice perfect shell of a Galapagos
tortoise, or a better tail feather of the Australian lyre bird than
Nicholas Titcomb down the way just acquired.

Lewis W. Sloat, the real estate man in whose office the found-
ers of the California Academy of Natural Sciences met on old
Montgomery Street, was an amateur conchologist and had a
cabinet of shells in his office.

- Colonel Thomas J. Nevins must certainly have been an
idealist! For it was Nevins who persuaded the Common Council
of San Francisco to establish a free public school system against
considerable opposition. This was in 1851. After the first meet-
ing the Academy repaired to Col. Nevins’ office at 622 Clay
Street, and they continued to meet there for many years. It was
not until 1874 that the Academy moved to larger quarters in
Dr. Stone’s old brick church at California and Dupont streets.
Of two of the five physicians we have little knowledge. Dr. An-
drew Randall was selected chairman of the first meeting, and

*This account of botany and botanists in the early decades of the California Academy of
Sciences (the name of the institution since January, 1868) has been generously furnished for
this occasion from a full account of California naturalists, both zoologists and botanists, that
will be published in the near future.

elected president of the Academy three successive years. He was
shot by a gambler on July 24, 1856, and the murderer hanged
five days later by the Vigilance Committee. But what may have
been Dr. Randall’s natural history interest I do not know. Nor
do I know the interests of Dr. Charles Farris, who attended the
first and third meetings of the Academy but left the state in the
summer of 1853 and was lost track of. The other three physi-
cians were well-known citizens of the city and left a distin-
guished record. The youngest of the three was Dr. Trask, 29,
then Dr. Kellogg, 40, and Dr. Gibbons, 41, at the founding of
the Academy. It is Dr. Kellogg the botanist to whom we are
attentive here.

Born in New Hartford, Connecticut, educated in medicine
at Charleston, South Carolina, and Transylvania College, Lex-
ington, Kentucky, Albert Kellogg came to California in 1849
and evidently first engaged in business. He had practiced in the
South but those who knew him say he was never known to re-
quest a payment. Never blessed with a strong constitution, Dr.
Kellogg returned to his New England home and soon joined
a party bound for California by way of the Horn. He arrived
at Sacramento on August 8, 1849. The plant collections he
had made along the west coast of South America at ports of
call were destroyed in a flood at Sacramento soon after his ar-
rival. He was associated in Sacramento with the Connecticut
Mining and Trading Company, but removed to San Francisco
about the year of the Academy’s founding and established a
pharmacy business there with some medical practice on the
side. He entered into the spirit of the Academy from its very
inception, and seems especially to have stimulated the members
and visitors to the city to communicate specimens to the Acad-
emy for study and identification. One of the most prominent
of these participants was Dr. John A. Veatch, of whom we shall
have more to tell directly. Dr. Kellogg’s personal botanizing
began in earnest in the summer of 1867 when he accompanied
Professor George Davidson of the United States Coast Survey
and W. G. W. Harford to Alaska. Several hundred species were
collected in triplicate, one sheet going to the National Her-
barium at Washington, one to the Philadelphia Academy, and
one remaining in the growing collection of the Academy. George
Davidson described this Alaskan trip thus:

We lived in the same contracted temporary deck cabin for four or five
months under many trials and inconveniences, and the sweetness of [Kel-
logg’s] character was as pervading and refreshing as the beauty and fragrance
of the flowers he gathered. . .. He was completely absorbed in his duties; he
knew no cessation to the labor of collection and preservation; his genial
nature attracted assistance from every one, and all learned to admire and to
love him.

Davidson continues,

[Kellogg] worked for the [Academy] and believed in its success when the
number of members could have been counted on one’s fingers, and when
the means of supporting such an institution and publishing its results came
wholly from their professional earnings.

From 1867 to 1870 Dr. Kellogg visited localities from Donner
and Cisco, to Ukiah, Red Mountain, Cahto, and Santa Cruz
Island. Some of his local trips recall the days when the geog-
raphy of California was quite different from today: “Lobos
Creek, near San Francisco!” These collections often though not
always carried collection numbers but a new series was evi-
dently initiated every year. His last decade was pretty con-
stantly spent drawing trees and shrubs. More than 400 of these
drawings “including all the oaks, all the coniferous trees, pop-
lars, many of the willows and ceanothi, dogwoods, and many
herbaceous species’ were left with his friends Dr. W. P. Gibbons
and Mr. Harford to be disposed of as they might think best.
The oak drawings were published with commentary by Pro-
fessor E. L. Greene as “West American Oaks,” under a subven-
tion from Capt. James Monroe McDonald, 1825-1907, pioneer
capitalist and philanthropist. Capt. McDonald was one of the
three donors of the Ricksecker collection of Coleoptera to the
University of California in 1881. Kellogg’s drawings showed
“the very faithfulness of detail with the taste of an artist,” yet
“the botanist may rely upon the scrupulous exactness of every
minute line and dot.” Kellogg would not have claimed the rank
of scientific botanist but rather a nature lover in the true and
full sense. Kellogg lived in the early years at San Francisco with
Harford in a small place on Telegraph Hill where they kept
“batchelor’s hall.’”” He never married and died at the home of
his very dear friend Harford in Oakland in 1887. William H.
Brewer tersely summarized his role when he wrote, “no name

is more intimately associated with the botany of the state dur-
ing this period” than Kellogg’s.

John Allen Veatch was one of those early collectors whose
specimens engaged Kellogg’s attention. Veatch lived in Texas
from 1836 until 1845, during which years he had met the en-
thusiastic botanical collector Charles Wright. Veatch left a
wife and five children in Texas to join the Gold Rush, and when
his wife Ann failed to hear from her husband as the months
stretched into years she filed a petition for divorce on the
grounds of continued abandonment. It is not certain just when
Veatch first contacted the Academy but in 1855 he was elected
a corresponding member and he later served as Curator of
Conchology. During these years Dr. Veatch — for he had certi-
fied for practice in the custom of those days — travelled from
Red Bluff to the Salton Sea where he carefully inspected the
mud volcanoes and wrote his observations. In 1858 Veatch was
on Cedros (written “Cerros Island’ in contemporary accounts)
Island, where he was preceded only by the surgeon aboard
H.M.S. Herald, Mr. J. Goodridge. Veatch’s collections were by
far the most extensive yet made on the island, though often
scrappy specimens by our standards, and Dr. Kellogg published
his discoveries in the San Franciscan weekly The Hesperian,
illustrating many of his novelties with drawings. Kellogg’s poetic
soul is laid bare in the vernacular names that he gave the new
species. One of Veatch’s plants appeared, for example, as the
“hummingbird’s dinner horn.” Kellogg’s scientific names were
not infrequently hyphenated words of curious construction that
some botanists felt obliged later to edit or disregard altogether.

Though not a founder in the strict sense of being present at
the meeting of April 4th, Dr. Hans Herman Behr joined the
Academy on February 4, 1854, to launch a lifetime of service to
the young organization. Dr. Behr was thirty-six when he joined
the Academy. He was born at Colthen, Duchy of Anhalt, Ger-
many, and took his medical degree at Berlin in 1843. His com-
ing to the feverish San Francisco of 1850 was the outcome of his
participation in the Revolution of 1848. In temperament, then,
Behr easily adjusted to the rough manners of the frontier city,
and took up practice at once. But he allowed plenty of time
to collect plants and these he sent to Hamburg, St. Petersburg,
and elsewhere. Fortunately Dr. Behr has narrated his experi-

ences of these early years in two articles on botanical reminis-
cences (Zoe 2: 2-6,—1891; Erythea 4: 168-173,—1896). Behr’s
copy of Endlicher’s “Genera Plantarum” was the chief resource
for the study of the troublesome specimens that were brought to
the Academy at this time. He taught classes at the California
College of Pharmacy and prepared his “Flora of San Francisco,”
a rare book today, for the use of the pupils. But Behr’s interests
were much broader than botany alone. He wrote poetry, humor,
and travelogues — his account of two years spent in the Philip-
pine Islands appeared in the Atlantic Monthly. His writings
were warmly acclaimed in Germany. It is natural that his spir-
itual link was with Alexander von Humboldt, Schlechtendahl,
Ferdinand von Mueller, Hillebrand, Louis Agassiz, and Max
Miiller. Those who came to San Francisco from afar were sure
to find Dr. Behr a hearty host, and it would be difficult to know
how important was his influence in the lives of the many scien-
tists and others that he chanced to meet. A man of good will and
generous spirit, he died at the age of eighty-six at his home at
1215 Bush Street, in the city with which he had been identified
for fifty-four years.

Hiram G. Bloomer first set out for California in 1849 but had
to turn back on reaching Panama because of sickness; he suc-
cessfully tried again in 1850. I’ve no information on his prin-
cipal occupation but he was devoted to botany from the first of
his California residence, and participated in the life of San Fran-
cisco, serving as a member of the Committee of Vigilance and
of the Fire Department. He was active, too, in the Lincoln presi-
dential campaign. He was generous in presenting books to the
Academy’s library in its early years. It is important to recognize
that Bloomer introduced James Lick, the philanthropist, to the
needs of the Academy. It will be remembered that the Acad-
emy built new quarters on Market between Fourth and Fifth
streets in 1891 upon property deeded to it by James Lick. Lick
also made the Academy one of two residuary legatees, each re-
ceiving one half of his estate after all other bequests had been
paid. Bloomer’s botanical interests centered around the Lili-
aceae, and he grew many of the native species in his garden.
Kellogg named a flower found by Dr. Veatch at New Idria
Bloomeria in his honor. Bloomer’s herbarium of several thou-
sand sheets was evidently lost soon after its presentation to the

Academy but duplicates had been sent to Asa Gray and others
during the State Survey period.

William G. W. Harford was one of those Academy members
who could be expected at every meeting. ‘Six feet in height, of
a Lincolnian gauntness, with a pioneer style of luxuriant beard
and bushy eyebrows,” he was even more shy and retiring than
his friend Kellogg. Like Kellogg, he was of a simple manner, of
a deeply religious nature, and devoted to the beautiful. Con-
chology was perhaps Harford’s special interest, and he served as
the Academy’s curator in that field in 1867, 1868, 1874, and
1875. He was Director of the Academy from 1876 to 1886. Spi-
ders and beetles also interested Harford, along with botany. He
and Kellogg made up sets of Oregon and California plant col-
lections in 1868 and 1869 and these reached the herbaria of
Europe, as well as the herbaria of Engelmann, Torrey, and
Gray. Greene and Parry dedicated the polygonaceous genus
Harfordia to his memory in 1886. He was a close associate of
George Davidson, with whom he travelled to Alaska in 1867 as
naturalist on the United States Coast Survey. Like so many of
his cronies at the Academy, Harford lived to be an octogenarian.

In the national perspective 1853 saw the beginning of the
Pacific Railroad Surveys under Secretary of War Jefferson Davis.
For two years these surveys reconnoitered so thoroughly and
efficiently that the railroad routes of today were laid out along
essentially their original markers. These surveys covered the five
transcontinental routes traversed today from the Northern
Pacific Railroad to the Southern Pacific Railroad via the Gila
route. Each of the five field parties included a surgeon-naturalist
or “botanist” who collected as opportunity afforded. The pub-
lished reports arising from these surveys served as reference
works for the first residents of California, as many copies of the
“Pacific Railway Reports’ to be seen in second-hand book-
shops today will attest. Three physicians attached to these sur-
veys, John Milton Bigelow, Adolphus L. Heermann, and John
Strong Newberry, all visited San Francisco during this period
and must have been welcome wayfarers for Dr. Kellogg in the
city. Dr. Bigelow’s collections were the most extensive for cen-
tral California and over 1100 collections were enumerated in
volume four alone of the Reports. Though Dr. Heermann col-
lected in nearly all fields, he was particularly interested in birds

and birds’ eggs. He introduced, in fact, the word “‘oology’ into
ornithological literature. Heermann came to California in 1849
but his activities prior to the Pacific Railway Surveys are un-
known. The beautiful Heermann gull places his name in Cali-
fornia skies.

What appears to be wholly sound scientific progress was the
subject of satire by Lieut. George Horatio Derby, graduate of
West Point in the Class of 1846, who wrote a book “Phoenixiana
or Sketches and Burlesques’” under the nom de plume of John
Phoenix (New York, 1903). Derby’s burlesque on the surveys
is entitled “Official Report of Professor John Phoenix, A. M.,
of a Military Survey and Reconnaissance of the route from San
Francisco to the Mission of Dolores, made with a view to ascer-
taining the practicability of connecting those points by a rail-
road.” His scientific corps included “Dr. Abraham Dunshun-
ner, Geologist; Dr. Targee Heavysterne, Naturalist; Herr von
der Weegates, Botanist, and Dr. Fogy L. Bigguns, Ethnologist.”
Kearny Street is described as “densely populated, and smells of
horses. Its surface is intersected with many pools of sulphuretted
protoxide of hydrogen, and we found several specimens of a
vegetable substance, loosely distributed, which is classed by
Mr. Weegates as the stalkus cabbagiensts.” One footnote tells
of a “curious antique, to which I have given the name of the
‘Dunshunner Vase,’ has singularly the appearance of a wash
basin! When the drawings are completed, it is to be presented
to the California Academy of Natural Sciences.” Derby’s satire
is dated Feb. 15, 1855. He did not remain in California to write
more burlesques but died on the Florida coast in 1861. In the
same volume appears “The San Francisco Antiquarian Society
and California Academy of Arts and Sciences.’ In this sketch
Derby patently parallels the founding of the Academy, begin-
ning with a committee to draw up the constitution consisting
of “Dr. Keensarvey, A. Cove, and James Calomel, M.D.’’ Who
these characters equate to in real life may test the historic senses!

The California State Legislature established the State Geo-
logical Survey on April 21, 1860. Josiah D. Whitney was selected
as State Geologist and William Henry Brewer, botanist. Rather
later J. G. Cooper was prominent as a zoologist. Thus just seven
years to the month came the second organized institution for
the promotion of natural sciences on the Pacific Coast. It was

fortunate, too, that Whitney and Brewer were destined to work
together on this survey for they proved a well-matched team.
Whitney stayed on with the State Survey until 1874, taking
the Sturgis-Hooper Professorship of Geology at Harvard the
next year which he held until his death in 1896. “Honors did not
come to him as abundantly as to many perhaps less worthy,”
concludes the historian of geology G. P. Merrill. Some strong-
worded opposition to the State Survey came even from scien-
tists. Dr. William P. Gibbons wrote in the Overland Monthly:
as to any report on botany, or any collection of California plants, three sets
have been made up: one for the California Academy of Sciences; one for the
University of California; while one has been sent out of the State, and east-
ern botanists have the credit of devoting their time to working it up, in
occasional paroxysms, without remuneration. It would have been far better
for the interests of the State and of science had this [California Geological]
commission never existed.
Dr. Gibbons evinced more local pride than imagination when
he said,
California scientists would have accomplished more work, without aid from
the State, than has thus far, to all practical purposes, been achieved by the
commission.
Gibbons’ assessment appeared in August, 1875. The first volume
of the “Botany Report’ was published the following year, and
the second volume, in a necessarily smaller edition, four years
later. Kellogg, Bolander, Behr, and perhaps a few others, might
have eventually described the greater part of the California
flora, but the number of avoidable synonyms may well have in-
creased thereby from the inability of the resident botanists to
check against the existing specimens in eastern herbaria.
Thirty-two-year-old William Henry Brewer accompanied
Whitney and his family from Massachusetts to California via
Aspinwall. When the party stepped ashore from the Golden
Age, November 14, 1860, they were greeted by Mr. S. Osgood
Putnam of the California Steam Navigation Co. who had backed
the State Survey appropriation in the legislature. Brewer had
finished at the Sheffield Scientific School at Yale in 1852 —a
member of its first class — and had studied abroad under the
chemists Liebig and Bunsen. Along the academic way he had
acquired a lively taste for botany and a near dead shot judg-
ment in geology. He had applied for a post on Capt. Gunnison’s
expedition but had been turned down; Gunnison and his party,

it will be remembered, were massacred by a band of Indians in
Utah. Brewer was “fond of travel, not for rest, but for the rec-
reation which he found in careful observation and record of
facts in all departments of human interest.” No botanical col-
lector in California up to his time made as careful field tickets
as did Brewer; fortunately, too, his field book is preserved at
the Gray Herbarium. His journal, edited by F. P. Farquhar and
first published in 1930 under the title “Up and Down Califor-
nia in 1860-1864,” is a rich but unscheduled dividend of the
State Survey!

Asa Gray wrote in 1868 that “for the last few years no one has
done so much as Mr. Bolander for developing the botany of his
adopted State, and perhaps no one is likely to do so much here-
after.” At that time he dedicated the pretty genus Bolandra of
the Saxifrage Family to him. Henry Nicholas Bolander came to
Columbus, Ohio, at the age of fifteen, from Schleuchtern, near
Frankfort, Germany, his birthplace. In Columbus he came under
the influence of Leo Lesquereux, the bryologist, and from this
early contact persisted a life-long interest in mosses. Bolander
arrived in San Francisco December 5, 1861, to find the State Sur-
vey staff assembled in the city. Dr. Kellogg and other members of
the Academy became intimate friends of his. It is singular that
there is no mention of Bolander in Brewer’s letters, at least
insofar as edited by Farquhar. Bolander became State Botanist
at the close of the State Survey late in 1864 on the resignation
of Brewer. Between 1864 and 1873 Bolander botanized over
nearly all parts of the state, his ramblings being exceeded per-
haps only by those of Brewer himself: from Ukiah and Red Mt.
to Mt. Dana, Mono Lake, and south to Cuyamaca Mountain
and San Felipe Canyon. Bolander’s most serious interest was in
grasses, about which he wrote briefly in the Academy’s Proceed-
ings. Lesquereux wrote in 1869 that Bolander had in less than
one year collected as many species of mosses as all the other col-
lectors together. The San Francisco publishing firm of Anton
Roman & Co. published Bolander’s slim quarto volume in
1870 entitled “Catalogue of the Plants growing in the Vicinity
of San Francisco, embracing the Flora within 100 miles of the
City.’’ Between 1871 and 1875 he served as State Superintendent
of Schools, and during this period his botanical activities began
to wane. His plant collections were well known in Europe,

deCandolle reporting the herbarium at Geneva as containing
1156 species of his gathering, and his specimens were also re-
ceived at Kew and Leipzig. His death occurred at Portland,
Oregon, August 28, 1897, by which time his name had quite
disappeared from current botanical literature.

On the morning of October 21, 1868, a destructive earthquake
shook the city of San Francisco. As Bret Harte remarked,
“enough that we know that for the space of forty seconds — some
say more — two or three hundred thousand people, dwelling on
the Pacific slope, stood in momentary fear of sudden and mys-
terious death.” Bret Harte chastises the citizens for trying to
hide the seriousness of the earthquake lest the reports have an
unfavorable effect on tourist interest in the city, and adds, “‘it is
surprising how little we know of the earth we inhabit. Perhaps
hereafter we in California will be more respectful of the calm
men of science who studied the physique of our country without
immediate reference to its mineralogical value. We may yet
regret that we snubbed the State Geological Survey because it
was impractical.’’ The earthquake and its economic reverbera-
tions threatened the Academy’s income at this time, and it was
Whitney and R. E. C. Stearns, in particular, who stood behind
its survival.

Though not realized at the time, an important stimulus to
the promotion of the natural sciences in California was the for-
mal charter granted the University of California on March 23,
1868, with Henry Durant installed as its first president. Prac-
tically from the beginning the university worked along with
the Academy across the bay in many matters of mutual scientific
interest.

1869 was a critical year in California history, for that year
brought the completion of the transcontinental railroad. ‘Sir:
we have the honor to report that the last rail is laid, the last
spike is driven. The Pacific Railroad is finished,’’ read the
telegram sent from Promontory Point, Utah, to President Grant,
on May 10, 1869. It was not long before there set in a growing
feeling against the large land holdings under the monopolistic
control of the few wealthy men or corporations — such as the
very group that had won the railroad triumph. “Out of three
drops of rain which fall in the San Joaquin Valley, two are
owned by Collis P. Huntington.” The big strikes of the early

years of the gold rush were stories now; the whale oil industry
began its steady decline. New industries came with the advent
of the railroad. Fruit culture soon became the first agricultural
interest of the state. This period of economic transition, like
the earthquake of 1868 and its consequences, brought financial
restrictions on the Academy.

Gustavus Augustus Eisen, born in Stockholm, Sweden, came
to the United States in October, 1872, after taking his Doctor
of Philosophy degree at Uppsala earlier that year. He appar-
ently headed for California, for he soon settled at Fresno, then
a pioneer community. Eisen’s most important work was in hor-
ticulture. By lectures and pamphleteering Eisen fostered the
introduction of the Smyrna fig and avocado into the state. He
joined the Academy in 1874 and served as a curator from 1893
to 1900. From time to time he collected plants in Fresno Coun-
ty; for example, Phacelia Eisenii, named by Brandegee. Eisen
must be credited, too, for his part in the creation of Sequoia
National Park by executive decree. Mt. Eisen, elevation 12,000
feet, in the park, perpetuates his name. Dr. Eisen led Academy
expeditions — apparently the first under its sponsorship — to
Lower California in 1892, 1893, and 1894. During those years
his interests included helminthology, archaeology, and geology,
in addition to botany.

It was during late February or March in 1874 that Rev.
Edward Lee Greene first came to California from Colorado. An
enthusiastic field collector, his coming rather initiated a botan-
ical revival. In Colorado his duties as Episcopalian rector were
light and he had filled his days with botany. “But my new par-
ish at Vallejo is too much for me,” he wrote Ludwig Kumlein
back in Wisconsin. “I have a large congregation and good sal-
ary, but with all that, so much pastorial work, that my scientific
studies are interfered with not a little.” Napa Valley in the
spring! — it must have set Greene’s botanical senses atingle. Al-
ways aware of the importance of the written record against
which discoveries must be checked, he repaired to the Academy
across the bay and conferred with Dr. Kellogg. Greene stayed
at Vallejo about a year, then returned to Colorado in 1875. He
filled the pulpit at Georgetown until March, 1876, then returned
to California, this time to Yreka. Along with his shepherding, he
found time to botanize on the Humbug Hills that first year and

in other directions away from town. On January 21, 1877, he
set off for New Mexico and another charge at Silver City, taking
his time along the way to collect plants. For the next few years
he explored the mountains of western New Mexico and in
1882 returned to California as pastor of St. Mark’s Episcopal
Church on Bancroft Way in Berkeley. From this time forward
Greene took an intense interest in the California flora, and it
is agreed that his best work was done with that subject. He spent
much of his time at the Academy both while at St. Mark’s and
after becoming the first Professor of Botany at the University
of California. It was during this period that he founded the
botanical journal Pittonia, and together with Jepson, Erythea.
He continued his field work in California, and in Lower Cali-
fornia, and from his own and the collections of others described
hundreds of new species. The pages of the Academy’s Bulletin
bear witness to his driving capacity for work. The appearance of
the “Botany of California’ posed a challenge for Greene and
some other resident botanists like him to extend the boundaries
of our knowledge. With Greene’s coming to California as pro-
fessor of botany was initiated a program of local exploration
into the more remote parts of the state by his students and cor-
respondents.

During the decade of 1875-85 with its delays in the publica-
tion of the Academy’s Proceedings, internal dissensions raked
the organization. “It might be supposed that the Academy of
Sciences was an important element in my career [in California],”
said Joseph LeConte, “but not so. It had little effect in deter-
mining my scientific activity. I read many papers there, to be
sure, and several of them were published in their Proceedings,
but I always reserved the right to publish them elsewhere also.”
He remarked further that “under the presidency of J. D. Whit-
ney the Academy was prosperous and held a high position
among the scientific institutions of our country; but from that
time, because of internal dissensions, it dropped lower and
lower.”

The “internal dissensions’”’ of which LeConte speaks were
compounded of petty jealousies and institutional politics. Jep-
son contended that these dissensions were “‘engineered”’ by Mrs.
Mary K. Curran. Harford served as Director of the Museum
from 1876 to 1886, but he “resigned” in altercation. The able

Prof. George Davidson was replaced as president by Dr. H. W.
Harkness. It is clear from Setchell’s biography of Mary Kath-
arine Layne Curran Brandegee that he admired her generous
qualities and judged her actions as disinterested. On the con-
trary, Prof. Jepson looked upon her activities as scheming and
vindictive.

In the professional sense Mrs. Brandegee showed penetrating
insight in botanical judgment, as abundantly demonstrated in
reviews she prepared for the journal Zoe. Though she recorded
only the briefest data on her collection labels — as if she in-
tended to stymie another collector revisiting her station! — she
made excellent series of specimens illustrating the ecologic
variations to be found within a species. As Mary K. Curran she
joined the Academy around 1880, after taking her M.D. degree
two years before in the University of California, and began
studying botany under Dr. Behr. A widow, without heavy finan-
cial obligations, she was able to devote her time and resources
to the Academy’s Department of Botany fully, and she was made
Curator of the Herbarium in 1883. There is no doubt but that
she did important spade work for the herbarium, which she
described as “in a shocking condition” when she assumed the
curatorship. She also became acting editor of the Academy’s
Bulletin. Mrs. Curran’s marriage to Mr. Brandegee was felici-
tous for botany, as for the couple. Marcus Jones remarked to me
on one occasion, ““Brandegee should have been born a woman
and Mrs. Brandegee should have been a man. So their marriage
could hardly help being a success!”

‘Townshend Stith Brandegee came into the Academy’s orbit
soon after his first visit to California in 1886-87. It was the win-
ter he came to collect tree trunks for the Jesup collection of
woods at the American Museum of Natural History. A student
of Daniel Cady Eaton in botany at Yale, where he graduated in
engineering, Brandegee went as a young man to Colorado to
carry on surveying. He took the opportunity to botanize widely
over southern Colorado, as his surveying duties took him to
remote districts, and what is more important he had the acumen
to recognize the value of his discoveries and to communicate
them to eastern botanists who were in the best position to assist
him. Brandegee’s self-effacing reticence won him warm friend-
ship from Asa Gray, C. S. Sargent, and others, though his in-

creasing deafness isolated him more and more after he came
to live in California. From 1884 to 1890 Mr. Brandegee visited
several of the Channel Islands, one of the most ambitious trips
being that to Santa Cruz and Santa Rosa islands in 1888. In
1889 the Academy sent its Curator of Birds, Walter E. Bry-
ant, and an assistant, Charles Haines, to Magdalena Bay, and
Brandegee joined the party at his own expense, collecting a
large series of plants in Lower California that season. It was
following this first trip to Lower California that the Brandegees
were married, on May 29 in San Diego, after which they set out
on foot overland to San Francisco on a botanical honeymoon!
For five years thereafter the Brandegees made their headquar-
ters at the Academy, until 1894 when they moved to San Diego.
A modest and unassuming man, Brandegee expressed himself
crisply on occasion. On one of the several trips to San José del
Cabo, when he attended the church there more out of deference
to the prevailing mores than to his own beliefs, he quipped:
“Religion sits very lightly on the males — they think it good for
women and children.”

William C. Bartlett of the San Francisco Bulletin remarked
in an article published in the Overland Monthly for December,
1875, that “through the munificence of a single citizen, the Acad-
emy of Sciences has been handsomely endowed, and will soon
be equipped for effective work.” The benefactor will be recog-
nized as James Lick, who gave the property for the erection of
the new building for the Academy on Market Street, between
Fourth and Fifth streets. This new center of activity, with its
fine display features for museum exhibits, was the parent of the
California Botanical Club, founded on March 7, 1891, “in re-
sponse to a call’ from seven Academy members — something still
miraculous about that number seven! — Harkness, Behr, Eisen,
the Brandegees, Townshend and Kate, Mrs. Mary W. Kincaid,
and Miss Agnes M. Manning, to bring the Pacific Coast botanists
closer together. Ninety-nine signatures appeared on the charter
roll, from Carl Purdy on the north to Cleveland, Parish, and
Hasse, from southern California, to mention only a few well-
known figures. C. F. Sonne, G. P. Rixford, (Mary) Elizabeth
Parsons, and Alice Eastwood were among the charter members
resident in San Francisco. Miss Eastwood early assumed leader-
ship in the club, the meetings being held nearly every week “to

study living plants, both native and exotic.” From this more or
less informal study group has come valuable collections for the
Academy’s herbarium. In this connection the collections of
Evelina Cannon, Caroline L. Hunt, Mary C. Bowman, Dorothy
(Mrs. E. C.) Sutliffe, Ella Dales Cantelow, and others across the
years, are notable.

Alice Eastwood first visited California in 1890 as a tourist,
then returned the next year for a brief but active visit engaged
in Academy affairs. In 1892 she joined the Academy staff as
joint Curator of Botany with Mrs. Katharine Brandegee. Fol-
lowing Mrs. Brandegee’s taking up residence in San Diego in
1894, Miss Eastwood became the Academy’s Curator and head
of the Department of Botany. ... Dux femina fact.

aT |

The Eastwood Era at the California
Academy of Sciences

BY CAROL GREEN WILSON

San Francisco

_ Anew era destined to bring world-wide fame to the California
Academy of Sciences in San Francisco began one morning in
mid-May of 1891. That morning a 32-year-old former school
teacher from Colorado climbed the marble stairs to the sixth
floor botany workrooms of the new Market Street Academy
building to call on Townshend Stith Brandegee, who had been
botanist on Hayden’s Exploring Expedition to southwestern
Colorado in 1875. Alice Eastwood was ambitious to become a
botanical writer. She laid her carefully marked specimens of
California plants gathered during the previous winter in San
Diego and Santa Cruz on the table of the little office to which
Brandegee invited her to meet his wife, Katharine, at that time
Curator of Botany at the Academy.

The fact that Mrs. Brandegee was probably the first woman
in history to hold a senior curatorial position in such an insti-
tution did not concern Alice Eastwood at the moment. She had
never heard then of the resolution offered by Dr. Albert Kel-
logg, one of the founders of the Academy, on August 3, 1853:
“Resolved that we highly approve the help of females in every
department of natural history and earnestly seek their coopera-
tion’; nor did she dream that those words would help to shape
her own destiny.

The important thing to her was to hear the pleased exclama-
tions of these two scholars over her specimens. As they talked,
her eye caught the glint of sunshine (Baeria) on the slopes of
Twin Peaks glimpsed above the blue eucalyptus that filled the
vacant lot next door to the Academy. She looked longingly
across the intervening sand dunes at the patches of yellow daisies
glowing among the other flowers that carpeted the peaks.

An invitation from the Brandegees to join their Sunday col-
lecting excursions was eagerly accepted. She stayed in San Fran-

cisco long enough to join Mr. Brandegee on a trip up Mt. Tam-
alpais, little guessing how closely her own name would later be
identified with that peak which stands sentinel above the Gold-
en Gate. But she was rewarded even on that first climb by shar-
ing a discovery with the scientist she had come so far to meet.
The parasite, Boschniakia, which they found that day on the
roots of a manzanita was considered so important that Mrs.
Brandegee made a note of it in Zoe, the natural history maga-
zine the Brandegees published in those early days, coupling
Alice Eastwood’s name with Mr. Brandegee’s in the credit.

Miss Eastwood began shortly to contribute to Zoe. Although
she returned almost immediately to Colorado, her descriptions
of the plants and shrubs of southeastern Utah and western
Colorado and her essay on the mariposa lilies — “so distinct, so
individual that each seemed to say, ‘I am myself; there is no
other like me’”’ — intrigued not only the readers but also the
editors.

In the winter of 1891-92, she was invited to return to help
Mrs. Brandegee bring order out of the chaos of unmounted
specimens recently moved to the new building. She became a
member of the Academy on April 18, 1892, and a few days later,
April 26, presided for the first time over a meeting of the Cali-
fornia Botanical Club, the activities of which she was to direct
for more than sixty years. Spring and summer, however, found
her back among the columbines and Indian paintbrushes of
her beloved Rockies. Then Mrs. Brandegee offered to donate
her services to the Academy if Alice Eastwood would come back
to. California as joint-curator, receiving all of the $75-a-month
salary.

She came, in December, 1892. The January issue of Zoe
named her as Mrs. Brandegee’s successor, both as Curator and
Editor. With assumption of that responsibility, she then com-
menced the years of service, broken temporarily by the San
Francisco earthquake and fire of 1906, which gives her the
longest record of any staff member in the hundred-year history
of the institution.

Beginning in the spring of 1893, collecting trips took her
across the deserts and valleys and up the mountain peaks that
bloomed with treasures hidden from the less adventurous. She
reveled in the vast sheets of wildflowers in the San Joaquin

Valley. Ignoring advice from old settlers, she made her way
across the cattle trails of the Santa Lucia Mountains and up
the forbidding coast from Pacific Valley to Monterey, accepting
rides from rural postmen and borrowing horses from remote
ranchers. Once she was lost among the pines above the shore-
line and slept alone by her fire of sugar and yellow pine cones.

She loved the moisture-drenched forests of Mendocino Coun-
ty and tramped long miles through the neighboring counties
of Lake, Sonoma, and Napa. Sometimes she joined the Bloch-
mans of Santa Maria on adventurous horseback trips across the
mountains of San Luis Obispo and Santa Barbara counties into
the Carrizo Plain. In those last years of the old century, she be-
came an authority on the manzanitas (Arctostaphylos species)
of Mt. Tamalpais. Herbarium cases filled with rare specimens
collected and often named by the intrepid woman who shared
her knowledge and enthusiasm with her fellow workers and
her companions in the Bontanical Club.

Alice Eastwood was the only woman ever invited to member-
ship in the Cross Country Club, a group of masculine hikers
who spent their Sundays exploring the trails of Marin and San
Mateo counties. Soon she joined other mountain-minded men
on longer treks, once going as far as Tehipite Dome on the
Middle Fork of the Kings River. She even climbed to the head
of Canyon Creek in the Trinity Alps with three men in the hot
August of 1901.

But she did not need to go so far from home to collect in-
teresting plant life. In Laurel Hill Cemetery in San Francisco,
she found and named a new species of trailing manzanita,
Arctostaphylos franciscana. Her paper on the flora of the Nob
Hill cobblestones was published in Erythea, the botanical jour-
nal of W. L. Jepson of the University of California.

Then, one April morning in 1906, she could not stop to watch
the new flowers poking through the cobbles as she hurried down
Taylor Street. Frightened citizens were dragging trunks over
the stones as they fled earthquake-shaken homes, and she hast-
ened on toward Market Street. She was ahead of all the Acad-
emy staff. By the time someone arrived with a key to the Mu-
seum entrance, the Fuller Paint Works on Mission Street, south
of their building, was bursting into flames. Sparks were igniting
awnings on nearby Fifth Street. The marble staircase was de-

molished, but she climbed to the botany workroom, fitting her
feet cautiously into the bronze bannisters. Quickly she assem-
bled the types she had segregated from the general herbarium in
alphabetized boxes, and making an improvised “‘lift’’ of her
work apron and the string she had squirreled away for emer-
gencies, she clambered back down the ruined stairs. Her com-
panion, Robert Porter, stayed above to lower the treasures, 1497
irreplaceable specimens! She also had her Zeiss lens which she
had tucked into her pocket as she passed her desk, the only per-
sonal possession she saved. Even the autographed copies of her
new book, ““A Handbook of the Trees of California,” stacked on
the floor by her desk, were left to the flames.

In the closing words of that book lies a clue to Alice East-
wood’s life philosophy. In explanation of its simple diction, she
stated her purpose: “‘to help rather than to shine.” Consistently
she has lived out that motto all of her long life.

Following six years of homeless wandering, during which she
increased her knowledge and capabilities by work and study
in the Gray Herbarium and Arnold Arboretum in Cambridge,
Massachusetts, the National Herbarium in Washington, D.C.,
and ten months of study at Kew Gardens, British Museum, and
Cambridge in England, and at Paris in France, she returned to
San Francisco in May of 1912.

The Academy was still in temporary quarters on Sansome
Street when she undertook once more to bring order out of a
chaotic jumble of gift collections stored in the basement and
to rebuild a botanical library. Her own copies of the Botany of
the Geological Survey of California and Gray’s Synoptical Flora
had been saved because she had loaned them to out-of-town
botanists. With these and gift books she had the nucleus of the
library that in the succeeding years she was going to do so much
to help rebuild.

Before the Academy’s North American Hall was completed in
Golden Gate Park, she spent some months in the Yukon in 1914
at the instigation of Professor C. S. Sargent of the Arnold
Arboretum, bringing back rare specimens from the northern
lands to add to the increasing collections of California plants
she was assembling for the Academy.

She had written in an article in Science in 1906, “my own

destroyed work I do not lament, for it was a joy to me while I
did it, and I can have the same joy in starting it again.”’

That joy was shared by all whose lives she touched, plant-
lovers and Botanical Club members in particular. John
McLaren, Superintendent of Golden Gate Park, told her that he
consented to the building of the new Academy Museum in the
park largely because it would bring her and her work closer
to him, so that they might cooperate in making the park an
educational as well as a recreational area for the people.

First to profit by her generosity of spirit were the park garden-
ers. She gathered these men into evening classes so full of in-
terest that the superintendent himself came often. He even gave
examinations to his men, raising the pay of those who did well,
from laborer to gardener status.

For the opening of North American Hall in 1916, Miss East-
wood had shelves installed at the entrance, and started a flower
show, now the longest continuous exhibition of its kind in the
world. Week after week she named and labeled the specimens
she collected on Sunday hikes, as well as those brought her by
Botanical Club members, horticulturists of the Bay area, and
park gardeners.

Gradually the botany room above the exhibition halls became
a center of scientific learning. When world-famed herbariums
learned that Alice Eastwood was in charge again, gift and
exchange collections poured in to augment her own. She was
hostess to visiting celebrities who came to see her specimens and
stayed to enjoy tea and cheese crackers while they lunched on
workroom tables spread with newspapers for tablecloths.

She again began to write as well as to collect. A bibliography
published on her 90th birthday reveals more than 300 articles
from her pen, most of them published after she was 50. Honors
have been heaped upon her through her advancing years.
Flowers and shrubs bear her name, both botanic and common.
Her influence has widened with the many organizations she has
helped to form or nurture. The California Spring Blossom and
Wildflower Association has, since 1923, spread love of flowers
and lessons in conservation among the school children of the
state. Alice Eastwood is Honorary Life President of this group.
She is the “Sweetheart of the Business Men’s Garden Club.”
The American Fuchsia Society exists because of her devotion

to the cause. The California Horticultural Society has relied
upon her knowledge and shared enthusiasm. Nurserymen of
the state have a catch phrase: “If you do not know what it is,
send it to Miss Eastwood.” ‘The San Francisco Garden Club has
established two perpetual scholarships in Floriculture at San
Francisco City College in her name. As former president and
a moving spirit in the Tamalpais Conservation Club, she shares
the credit for saving “the Mountain” as a State Park.

Up the Redwood Highway, where she was wont to wander
alone in the ‘nineties in search of rare plants, she has long been
a prime mover in the Save-the-Redwoods League. The Azalea
Preserve near Arcata resulted from a trip she made with her
friends, Mrs. Philip Van Horne Lansdale and Miss Isabella
Worn in 1942.

But her vision is world-wide. Under her curatorship, the
Academy herbarium was reestablished and developed on a
world-wide basis. As she has said: “Looking forward to the
future greatness of San Francisco, I wanted this new herbarium
to be a great one, founded on a broad basis, a herbarium con-
taining not only plants of North America, but of the whole
world.”

Since she was official hostess to the members of the Interna-
tional Phytogeographic Excursion on Mt. Tamalpais in 1913,
her friendships among botanists have spread around the globe.
She was welcomed as a delegate from the California Academy
at the Fifth International Botanical Congress in Cambridge,
England, in 1930, and again in 1935 at Amsterdam when she
took her young assistant, John Thomas Howell, with her. Then
in 1950, after her retirement at the age of ninety, she was invited
to Sweden to be an Honorary President at the Seventh Congress.
Flying to Stockholm alone, she symbolized for all who know
her the truth of Dr. Carl Wolf’s praise in a letter written for
the Academy celebration of her 80th birthday: “No better plant
than Eastwoodia could have been selected to bear your name,
since it so aptly expresses your exceptional botanical career,
exploration and study of plants in hard-to-get-at areas of the
West. . .. Had Brandegee selected a plant from the protected
forests or from some other region of sheltered habitat, he would
of course, have honored you. But by selecting a plant from the
arid foothills of the inner South Coast Ranges of California

where every plant must possess exceptional ability to with-
stand the rigors of an unfavorable environment, he honored
you to a far greater degree.”

At the postponed 94th birthday party sponsored by the Cali-
fornia Spring Blossom and Wildflower Association on April 13,
1953, a project was launched to place the name of Alice East-
wood on a redwood grove. Aubrey Drury, responding to the
announcement, carried Dr. Wolf’s thought farther, for, he said,
“the giant sequoia most aptly symbolizes your spirit of strength
and longevity.’ As the Academy celebrates its hundredth an-
niversary, the life and philosophy of its Curator-Emeritus of
Botany permeate plans for an Alice Eastwood Hall of Botany,
which a grateful community proposes to erect in the park she
loves so well.

These tangible tributes will keep her name alive for future
generations, but she leaves a richer heritage for those who know
her best. With a heart tuned from childhood to the message
God has revealed through the order and system of nature she
says in calm words of faith: ‘““The older I grow the more certain
I am of immortality. I am convinced that body and soul are
two different entities. My spirit grows stronger with the years,
but my legs won’t take me where I want to go.”

She has, however, started many others to carry on her quest.
Alice Eastwood’s greatest contribution to the world is not lim-
ited to specimens stacked in herbarium cases, nor to the accu-
mulation of rare botanical books on the Academy Library
shelves, nor even to the carefully written pages of her books and
articles. It is in the thousands of lives who have been inspired
to more constructive living through contact with a woman
whose vital purpose, driving force, and acceptance of circum-
stances have made growing old a continuing proof of Robert
Browning’s prophecy, “the best is yet to be.”’

A Partial Gazetteer and Chronology
of
Alice Eastwood’s Botanical Explorations

BY CAROL GREEN WILSON
San Francisco

The data assembled here are chiefly from types in the Califor-
nia Academy of Sciences, as well as from field note books kept
by Miss Eastwood and Mr. Howell from 1906 to 1941. All of
Miss Eastwood’s notes and collections made prior to 1906 were
destroyed in the San Francisco Fire of April, 1906, with the ex-
ception of the specimens that she saved or that were on loan,
miscellaneous plants she had distributed to other institutions,
and a Colorado collection now in the herbarium of the Univer-
sity of Colorado at Boulder. During the summers of the eighties
she collected in the vicinity of Denver, Morrison, Georgetown,
Grays Peak, Pikes Peak, Durango, Silverton, Ouray, Wet Moun-
tain Valley, La Plata Mts., Mancos, and other places in Colo-
rado. The most notable of these early expeditions was made in
the summer of 1887 when she acted as guide for Alfred Russel
Wallace in the ascent of Grays Peak.

The first section of the chronology and gazetteer, from 1890
to the San Francisco Fire, is presented chronologically; the sec-
ond section, from 1906 to the outbreak of World War II when
active collecting ceased, is presented geographically in a much-
abbreviated form.

1890-1905

1890. CoLorapo: Durango (June). CALIForNIA: San Diego, Coronado
(December).

189]. CaLirorniA: San Diego and vicinity (January to March); Los Angeles,
Pasadena, Sawtelle (April); Santa Cruz, San Francisco, Mt. Tamalpais,*
(May). CoLorapo: Gunnison (May); Denver and vicinity (June); Steamboat
Springs, Flat Top Mts., Arkansas River Canyon above Canon City (July).
CALIFORNIA: San Francisco (December).

1892. CALIFORNIA: San Francisco and vicinity (January to May). UTAH:

from Thompson’s Springs through Montezuma Canyon to the San Juan
River, stopping at Moab and Monticello (May and June). CoLorapo: Navajo

*Trips to Mt. Tamalpais were so frequent that they will not be noted separately.

Canyon, Mesa Verde, Mancos (May and June); Johnson Canyon (August).
CALIFORNIA: San Francisco (December).

1893. CALIFoRNIA: Bakersfield, San Emidio (March); Huron, Alcalde, Lewis
Creek, Warthan (Waltham) (May); Hood Mt. near Santa Rosa (with Luther
Burbank), King City to Jolon, Pacific Valley, Big Sur (June); Mt. Shasta
(August).

1894. CaLiForNIA: San Francisco (April); between Sanger and Sequoia
Mills, Millwood (May); Ft. Bragg to Glen Blair, Pudding Creek (June);
Mountain Lake in San Francisco (July); San Francisco Presidio (August);
Colfax, Newcastle, Tehachapi, Lake Merced near San Francisco (September);
San Emidio Canyon (October).

1895. CALIFORNIA: Kaweah, Fairfax (April); Laurel Hill Cemetery in San
Francisco (May). Ura: San Juan River, Barton’s Range, Willow Creek,
Butler Springs, Epsom Creek (July).

1896. CALIFORNIA: Cuyama, White Hills, Carrizo Plain, Dutard’s Ranch,
La Graciosa, Casmalia, Alamo Creek (May).

1897. CALIFORNIA: San Miguelito Ranch, Santa Lucia Mts., Stony Creek,
San Antonio River (to collect ‘flowers” of Santa Lucia fir for Prof. Sargent)
(May). CoLorapo: Cripple Creek (August).

1898. CALIFORNIA: South San Francisco (March); San Francisco (May).

1899. CALIFORNIA: Bodega Point (April); Point San Pedro, New Idria (May);
South Fork of Kings River to Bullfrog Lake and Harrison Pass (July).

1900. CALIForNIA: Clear Lake to Bartlett Springs (February); Pacific Grove
to Cypress Point, Altruria, Mt. St. Helena (April); Calistoga (May); Bodega
Point (July).

1901. CALIFORNIA: Pt. Reyes, Little Carson Creek (May); Redding to the
head of Canyon Creek (July).

1902. CALIFORNIA: between Cahto and the Eel River (May); Carrizo Plain
(June); Wawona, Snow Flat, Tioga Road (July); Laytonville, Red Mt., Men-
docino Co. (August).

1903. CALIFORNIA: Mt. Diablo (February); Mt. Diablo, Alcalde (May);
Mineral King and vicinity (July).

1904. CALIFORNIA: San Diego County, Santa Barbara County (April);
Santa Catalina Island (May); Desolation Valley (July).

1905. CALIFORNIA: Smith River, Del Norte County (May); Rodeo Lagoon,
Marin County (July).

1906-1941

Part I: Counties of California where plants have been col-
lected by Alice Eastwood, and, from 1933 to 1941 by Alice East-
wood and J. T. Howell jointly, the years of joint collecting in-
dicated with an asterisk.

ALAMEDA: 1915, 1921, 1922, 1926, *1935, *1938.
ALPINE: *1939, *1940.

Amapor: 1921, 1924, *1940, *1941.

CALAVERAS: *1940, *1941.

Co.usa: 1921, 1922, *1936, *1940.

Contra Costa: 1914, 1915, 1921, 1922, 1923, 1927, 1931, *1935, *1936.

Det Norte: 1907, 1912, 1923, 1928, *1934, *1936.

Exvporapo: 1906, 1909, 1927, 1934, *1935, *1940.

Fresno: 1925, 1926, *1935, *1938.

GLENN: 1921, 1922, *1934, *1941.

Humpo tpt: 1907, 1923, *1934, *1936, *1937.

Inyo: *1940, *1941.

Kern: 1913, 1914, 1917, 1926, *1935, *1937, *1938, *1940, *1941.

Kincs: 1914, *1935.

LAKE: 1924, 1925, 1927, *1938.

LASSEN: *1940.

Los ANGELEs: 1906, 1913, 1915, 1917, 1919, 1920, 1922, 1928, *1937.

Mapera: 1924, *1938, *1941.

Marin: 1906, 1912, 1913, 1914, 1915, 1918, 1923, 1924, 1925, 1926, 1934, *1936,
*1937, *1938, *1939.

Mariposa: 1907, 1915, *1938, *1941.

MENDOcINO: 1912, 1913, 1922, 1923, 1924, 1928, 1932, *1934, *1936, *1937,
*1938, 1939, *1941.

MeErceED: 1915, 1927, 1930, *1938, *1941.

Mopoc: *1940.

Mono: 1909, 1939, *1941.

Monterey: 1912, 1913, 1915, 1926, *1935, *1936, *1937, *1938.

Napa: 1915, 1918, 1922, 1923, *1935, *1937, *1938, *1939.

Nevapba: 1912, 1913, 1932, *1937.

ORANGE: *1937, 1939.

Piacer: 1912, 1922, *1937.

PiLumas: 1918, 1927.

RIVERSIDE: 1913, 1919, *1937.

SACRAMENTO: *1941.

SAN BENITO: 1917, 1918, 1919, *1936, *1937, *1938.

SAN BERNARDINO: 1913, 1916, 1931, 1932, *1938, *1940, *1941.

San Disco: 1913, 1920, 1932.

SAN Francisco: 1912, 1914, 1927, *1937.

SAN Joaquin: 1917, 1921, *1935, *1938.

San Luis Optspo: 1926, 1927, 1928, 1929, 1935, *1935, *1936, *1937, *1938,
1941.

San Mateo: 1912, 1914, 1915, 1922, 1937, *1937, *1938, *1939, *1941.

SANTA BARBARA: 1906, 1907, 1916, 1917, 1926, 1929, *1937, 1939, 1940.

SANTA CLARA: 1921, 1922, 1923, 1924, 1927, *1935, *1937, *1938, *1941.

SANTA Cruz: 1916, 1922, *1935, *1938, *1939.

SHASTA: 1912, 1923, *1934, *1936, *1940.

Srerra: 1918.

Siskiyou: 1912, 1917, 1921, 1922, 1923, *1934, *1936, *1937, *1940.

SoLANo: 1913, 1920, 1921, *1940.

Sonoma: 1915, 1921, *1934, *1936, *1937, *1938, *1939, *1940.

TEHAMA: 1912, *1934, *1940, *1941.

Trinity: 1921, *1937.

TULARE: 1914, *1938.

TuOLUMNE: 1907, *1939, *1940, *1941.
VENTURA: 1916.

Yoo: 1927.

YuBA: 1913, 1921.

Part II: States and provinces in Canada, Mexico, and United
States (except California) where Alice Eastwood has collected
and where Alice Eastwood and J. T. Howell have collected
jointly, the years of joint collecting marked by an asterisk.

ALASKA: 1914.

ARIZONA: 1913, 1916, 1917, 1919, 1928, 1929, 1930, 1931, *1933, *1938, 1940.
British CoLumsia: 1914, 1920.

CoLorapo: 1910, 1916, 1918, *1938.
IDAHO: 1925, *1936.

LOWER CALIFORNIA: 1913.

NevaDA: 1927, *1933, *1938, *1940, *1941.
NEw Mexico: 1916, 1919, 1928, *1938.
OreEGON: 1914, *1934, *1936, *1940.
Uran: 1918, *1933, *1938, *1941.
WASHINGTON: 1914, 1920, 1925, *1936.
YuKon: 1914.

A Century of Achvevement

BY PHILIP A. MUNZ

Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden, Claremont

On page one of volume one of the Proceedings of the Califor-
nia Academy of Sciences* was reported the meeting of Septem-
ber 4, 1854. This was not the first meeting of the Academy, that
having been held on April 4, 1853, but in this first one described
in the Proceedings it was stated that Dr. Albert Kellogg exhib-
ited a drawing and specimens of a wild plant, Frankenia grandi-
folia, and that Mr. W. J. Steene presented a curious specimen of
cabbage, which, “instead of a head formed of leaves in the usual
manner, has a globular head formed by an enlargement of the
top of the main stock, five inches in diameter, and weighing
some two pounds or more.” To me it is significant that from
the beginning the interest of the members of the Academy ex-
tended both to native and introduced plants. The Academy’s
first president, Dr. Andrew Randall, for example, offered a
prize of fifty dollars as early as July, 1853, for the best essay on
trees and plants suitable for cultivation in California. I empha-
size this, since the tradition has continued to the present. Miss
Eastwood and, more recently, Miss McClintock, have devoted
considerable time to the study of exotic plants. Thus, botan-
ically the California Academy has maintained a broad interest
in plants through the entire century of its activity.

In the present paper I shall confine my attention to two as-
pects of this century of achievement: (a) contributions to botan-
ical literature and (b) expeditions and field work. It is my inten-
tion to report on these together in chronological order, since
the two topics are closely interwoven. From the first, Dr. Kellogg,
Mr. H. G. Bloomer, Mr. H. N. Bolander, Dr. John A. Veatch,
and other members were active field men. They either brought
in to the meetings material they collected themselves or that
which was sent to them. Dr. Veatch lived at Red Bluff, Wm. A.
Wallace in Los Angeles, J. N. Hume at Humboldt Bay, Henry
Bates at Shasta City, C. D. Gibbes at Stockton, Joel Clayton in

*Known as California Academy of Natural Sciences until 1868.

Mariposa County, J. G. Swan in Washington Territory. They
could easily pick up new and interesting plants almost at their
very door. Dr. Kellogg was the principal student of these collec-
tions and described many new species, although new names
were proposed also by Dr. H. H. Behr and by Bolander. Natur-
ally enough, many of these new names later fell into synonymy,
since with inadequate library and herbarium, it was impossible
always to know what had been discovered earlier. But any mod-
ern book on the California flora shows a large number of names
still in use, which originated in the early numbers of the Pro-
ceedings of the California Academy, for examples: Liliwm par-
dalinum, L. parvum, L. Washingtonianum, and L. maritimum;
and Lupinus luteolus, L. citrinus, L. Stiversi, L. confertus, L.
caudatus, L. cervinus, and L. sericatus — to name but a few in
two genera.

In addition to such local plants more distant species came
in for study by members of the Academy. Dr. Veatch was a
geologist and in 1854 visited Lower California as well as Cedros
Island off the coast, collecting plants and sending them to Dr.
Kellogg. Many of these were new to science and were published
from time to time in the Proceedings. They included among
others the remarkable new genus /dria, a relative of Fouquieria.
While Dr. Veatch’s journey to Lower California was not an ex-
pedition financed by the Academy, his collections came to that
institution and thus interest in that region began early, as did
that in the islands off the California coast. In fact the first new
species that I find described in the Proceedings of the Academy
is Lavatera assurgentiflora Kellogg from Anacapa Island (1:
14,—1854).

In 1860 Kellogg began publishing illustrations with the de-
scriptions of many of his new species. I am sure that many re-
cent botanists have found these drawings useful, even though
they seem quite stylized as judged by our present standards. A
somewhat later development in the Proceedings of the Acad-
emy was papers of a more inclusive nature, for example, “Dif-
ferent varieties of Eucalyptus, and their characteristics” by Kel-
logge (6: 30-38,—1875), and a series by Bolander: “Enumeration
of shrubs and trees growing in the vicinity of the mouth of San
Francisco Bay” (3: 78-83,—1863), “Remarks on California trees”
(3: 225-232,—1866), ““The genus Melica in California” (4: 101-

104,—1870), “The genus Stipa in California” (4: 168—170,—1872),
and “Remarks on the genus Lilium” (5: 204—208,—1874). Ar-
ticles began also to appear that were written by botanists from
outside California. The first of these which I find is Asa Gray’s
“Descriptions of new Californian plants—No. 1” (3: 101—103,—
1864).

The first series of the Proceedings ran through seven volumes
and covered the years from 1854 through 1876. From 1877 to
1884 there was no regular publication, but in February of that
year was issued number | of the Bulletin of the California Acad-
emy of Sciences. On pages 4 and 5 was a short paper by Asa Gray
entitled “Veatchia nov. gen. Anacardiacearum” for Veatchia
cedrosensis which had been described in the Proceedings (2: 24)
as Rhus Veatchiana by Kellogg. Gray wrote, ““We may dedicate
this genus to the memory of its discoverer, the first and perhaps
still the only botanical explorer of Cedros Island.”

The Bulletin did not report the meetings of the Academy as
had the earlier Proceedings, but consisted entirely of scientific
papers. During the years of no publication there had been a
great change in the personnel connected with the Academy;
and the Bulletin, while containing a few short articles by Behr
and by Kellogg, is mostly devoted (so far as botanical contents
go) to the writings of E. L. Greene, Mary K. Curran, T. S. Bran-
degee, and H. W. Harkness. Greene’s first paper (11: 7-12) is
entitled “New plants of the Pacific Coast,’ in which are de-
scribed twelve new species. Some of these had been proposed
by, or at least collected by, Kellogg; others were his own. Erio-
gonum arborescens, for instance, was based on specimens taken
by Kellogg and Harford on Santa Cruz Island in 1874. Brickel-
lia multiflora had been collected by Kellogg in Kings River Can-
yon in 1866. Gilia heterodoxa was taken by Greene himself at
Calistoga in 1881 and 1883. All this goes to show that by 1884
the Academy must have accumulated a considerable herbarium
rich in types and historical collections.

Greene’s first paper was followed by a short one by Mrs.
Curran (11: 12-13), describing three new species of flowering
plants, and by the first in a new series in mycology. These were
by Dr. Harkness in collaboration with several specialists: M. C.
Cooke and H. W. Harkness, “Fungi of the Pacific Coast” (11:
13-20); William Phillips and H. W. Harkness, “Fungi of Cal+

fornia” (11: 21-25); C. B. Plowright and H. W. Harkness, “New
species of Californian fungi” (11: 26); J. B. Ellis and H. W. Hark-
ness, ‘““New Californian fungi” (11: 26-29), and H. W. Harkness,
“New species of Californian fungi” (11: 29-47). In 1885 ap-
peared E. L. Greene’s “Studies in the botany of California and
parts adjacent” (1°: 66-127), giving synopses of a number of
genera like Sidalcea and Mimulus. Mrs. Curran (1: 128-151)
summarized the species that had been proposed by Kellogg,
Behr, and Bolander and gave her opinion as to their identity.
Subsequent workers may not always agree with her opinions,
but the paper is valuable, since she had before her the original
material on which the species had been based. She published
also for the first time a number of Kellogg’s illustrations.

Following Mrs. Curran’s paper is a long series of important
contributions to western botany by Curran, Greene, Brandegee,
and Harkness. In many cases the species described, especially by
Greene, were not accepted by Gray and later writers. It is in-
teresting to note, however, that with the more intimate knowl-
edge of the California flora that has been developed in recent
years and with the growing awareness of local subspecies and
ecotypes, many of Greene’s proposed species are found to have
some status, if not always specific.

The two volumes of the Bulletin covered the years 1884 to
1887. Notable articles in 1887 are by Joseph Le Conte on “The
flora of the coast islands of California in relation to recent
changes of physical geography” (2: 515-520), by C. C. Parry on
“The Pacific Coast alders’” (2: 351-354) and “Californian man-
zanitas” (2: 483-496), and by Francis Wolle on “Desmids of the
Pacific Coast” (2: 432-437).

In 1889 the Proceedings of the Academy were resumed as
Series II, which ran through six volumes, 1889 to 1897. Known
by this time as the outstanding scientific institution of the West,
the Academy published not only papers by its own staff and
members (Behr, Brandegee, Curran, Harkness) but by several
eastern American and European specialists. We find contribu-
tions by William Trelease, “Synoptical list of North American
species of Ceanothus” (1: 106—118,—1889); by C. F. Millspaugh,
“Contributions to North American Euphorbiaceae” (2: 217-
230,—1889); by L. H. Bailey, “New Californian Carices” (3: 104—
106,—1891); by D. H. Campbell, “Prothallium and embryo of

Marsilea vestita” (3: 183-203,—1893); by A. Cogniaux, “Cu-
curbitacearum novum genus et species” (3: 58-60,—1891); by
M. E. Jones, “Contributions to western botany, No. VII” (5:
611~732,—1896); and by Dr. Stizenberger, “A list of Lichens col-
lected by Mr. Robert Reuleaux in the western parts of North
America” (5: 535-538,—1896).

The last papers that I find by Mrs. Curran (by that time Mrs.
Brandegee) were in volume 4: “Studies in Portulacaceae” (pp.
86—91,—1894) and “Studies in Ceanothus” (pp. 173-222,—1894).
The first one by her successor, Alice Eastwood, appeared in the
same volume (pp. 559-562,—1895) and was on ““I'wo species of
Aquilegia from the Upper Sonoran Zone of Colorado and
Utah.” From that time forward her articles on western plants
formed an important part of the Proceedings.

Series III of the Proceedings were divided into fields of sci-
ence, Botany having two volumes, the first from 1897 to 1900
and the second from 1900 to 1904. This botanical series was
edited by Profs. Dudley and Campbell of Stanford University
and by Prof. Setchell of the University of California. The papers
range widely as to subject: on morphology and anatomy by D.
H. Campbell, W. A. Cannon, and G. J. Peirce; on cytology by
E. S. Byxbee, H. T. Hus, A. A. Lawson, and W. J. V. Osterhout;
on algae by H. T. A. Hus, C. P. Nott, and D. A. Saunders; on
fungi by H. W. Harkness; on lichens by G. J. Peirce; and on
flowering plants by A. Eastwood, S. B. Parish, and C. Purdy.
Having used some of the above papers, especially those by Purdy
and Eastwood, I knew something of the content of these two
volumes, but I must confess that until now I have had no real
concept as to their scope and diversity of subject.

Series IV of the Academy Proceedings reverted to the more
general scheme used in Series II and has contained papers in
many fields of natural science. It began after the fire of 1906
which virtually wiped out the Academy’s library and natural
history collections. It differs from the earlier series in consisting
largely of reports on exploring expeditions sent out by the
Academy, particularly to the islands off the coast of Mexico and
as far south as the Galapagos Islands. Apparently the first such
expedition was in 1903 in a small schooner, the Mary Sachs. It
went along the west coast of Lower California and to the Revil-
lagigedo Islands. A botanical collector, Frederick E. Barkelew,

accompanied the expedition and got some material, but with
rather uncertain geographical data, so that these specimens, as
reported by I. M. Johnston (20: 14,—1931), were of questionable
value.

In 1905-06 the Academy sent the first of its expeditions to the
Galapagos Islands, on the schooner Academy, with Alban Stew-
art as botanist. The group of eleven men left San Francisco on
June 28, 1905, and spent a year in the archipelago. Stewart later
idenified this collection at the Gray Herbarium. He contributed
three papers to the first volume of the fourth series of the Acad-
emy’s Proceedings: “A botanical survey of the Galapagos
Islands” (pp. 7-288), “Notes on the botany of Cocos Island” (pp.
375-404), and “Notes on the lichens of the Galapagos Islands”
(pp. 431-446). In his botanical survey of the Galapagos Islands
he not only catalogued the plants known to occur and described
newly discovered species, but discussed the botanical regions of
the islands, the origin of the islands and of their remarkable
flora, and gave a bibliography. Thus he established the knowl-
edge of this flora on an entirely new basis.

In 1921 the Academy dispatched an expedition to the Gulf
of California on the gasoline schooner Silver Gate, with I. M.
Johnston as botanist. Work began April 17 on San Pedro No-
lasco and continued until July 10 when the party reached Guay-
mas. Various spots on the coast of Sonora, on the peninsula of
Lower California, and on the islands in the Gulf of California
were visited. In 1924, the botanical results of the expedition
were embodied in papers by W. A. Setchell and N. L. Gardner
on “The marine algae” (12: 695-949) and by I. M. Johnston on
“The vascular plants” (12: 951-1218). Very little had been
known about the marine algae of the Gulf. The Setchell-Gard-
ner report covers an 1890 collection made for the Academy by
T. S. Brandegee and W. E. Bryant and another by Dr. and Mrs.
Marchant in 1917, as well as the very large 1921 collection by
Johnston. One hundred forty-four species and varieties were
treated, of which one hundred eleven were new to science.
Johnston’s paper gave an account of the history of botanical
work in the area and discussed the geology, climate, phytogeog-
raphy, ecology, and origins of the biota. His catalogue of the
plants gave in many cases a revaluation of the species covered.
The paper is an important contribution to the botany of this
and of adjacent areas.

Another ambitious Academy undertaking was the expedition
to the Revillagigedo Islands off western Mexico in 1925 on the
U.S.S. Ortolan. Leaving San Francisco on April 15, the party
worked on these islands from about April 26 to May 24. The
botanist was H. L. Mason. Miss Eastwood published on the col-
lections made at various points visited other than the Revil-
lagigedo Islands, such as Guadalupe Island, ‘Tres Marias Islands
(Maria Madre, Maria Magdalena, and Isabella islands), as well
as some localities on the mainland. Her paper (18: 393-484,—
1929) is divided into sections: one for Guadalupe Island, includ-
ing a consideration of the Hanna and Slevin specimens of 1923;
one for Cedros Island; one for Tres Marias Islands; others for
Cape San Lucas, Magdalena Bay, Turtle Bay, San Quintin, and
San Martin Island. It sums up what was known of the botany
of each place. The collections from the Revillagigedo Islands
were reported by Setchell and Gardner: “Marine algae’ (19:
109-215,—1930), and by I. M. Johnston: “The flora of the Revil-
lagigedo Islands” (20: 9-104,—1931). These islands had not pre-
viously had a detailed floristic study. Johnston reported one
hundred twenty-one species and subspecies of vascular plants,
of which thirty-seven were endemic. He made an analysis of the
non-endemics and their affinity and of the origins of the flora
as a whole.

The most recent great expedition in behalf of the California
Academy of Sciences was the Templeton Crocker Expedition to
the Galapagos Islands in 1932. It left San Francisco March 10
on the yacht Zaca and returned September 1. John Thomas
Howell was botanist. So far it has led to seventeen botanical
papers in the Academy Proceedings: those on flowering plants
by A. S. Hitchcock, J. T. Howell, and H. K. Svenson; on bryo-
phytes by E. B. Bartram, Lois Clark, and M. A. Howe; on lichens
by O. V. Darbishire and D. H. Linder; on fungi by Lee Bonar;
and on algae by Setchell and by Setchell and Gardner.

A less important Crocker expedition to western Polynesian
and Melanesian islands in 1933 led to a short report by Setchell
on some marine plants (21: 259-276,—1935).

Outside of the various reports mentioned above, Series IV of
the Proceedings contains a number of other papers that should
be mentioned as botanical or as having botanical implication.
Of these, several are by Miss Eastwood: “New species of Ceano-

thus” (16: 361-364,—1927); “The escallonias in Golden Gate
Park, San Francisco, California, with description of new species”
(18: 385-392,—1929); “New species of plants from western North
America” (20: 135-160,—1931). Others were by writers not on
the staff of the Academy, but were usually based at least in part
on the collections of the Academy: A. W. Evans, “‘Notes on the
Hepaticae of California” (13: 111-136,—1923); H. M. Hall and
J. Grinnell, “Life-Zone indicators in California” (9: 37-68,—
1919); P. A. Munz, “The Antirrhinoideae-Antirrhineae of the
New World” (15: 323-398,—1926); D. D. Keck, “A revision of
the genus Orthocarpus” (16: 517-572,—1927); E. Walther, “A
key to the species of Eucalyptus grown in California” (17: 67-
88,—1928); R. C. Barneby, “A revision of the North American
species of Oxytropis DC.” (27: 177-312,—1952).

Volume 25 of Series IV was dedicated to Alice Eastwood in
honor of her completion of a half century of devoted and able
service to the California Academy. In addition to a biography
of Miss Eastwood it contains a bibliography of her writings to
1949. This list is notable in revealing the large number of
papers contributed by Miss Eastwood while a staff member of
the Academy to journals not published by that institution, in-
cluding West American Scientist, Zoe, Erythea, Bulletin of the
Torrey Botanical Club, Botanical Gazette, Torreya, Muhlen-
bergia, Contributions of the Gray Herbarium, National Horti-
cultural Society Magazine, and others. These papers are a part
of the achievement of the Academy, a contribution to botanical
science made possible by its funds and collections. To a lesser
extent the same is true of the writings of Mr. Howell and Miss
McClintock in more recent years, as evidenced by “The Marin
Flora’ of the University of California Press, and by papers in the
Wasmann Journal of Biology, Journal of the California Horti-
cultural Society, and American Midland Naturalist, to mention
only three.

The Eastwood Semi-centennial volume consists of eighteen
papers by as many botanists (mostly western): Babcock, Barne-
by, Benson, Campbell, Ewan, Goodspeed, Howell, Keck, Mc-
Minn, Mason, Munz, Peirce, St. John, Setchell, G. M. Smith,
Stebbins, Wiggins, and Wolf. The wide variety of subjects cov-
ered deal with: endemism in Crepis, Astragalus, Arizona cacti,
relations of temperate floras of North and South America,

Datura, Nicotiana, Phacelia, Artemisia vulgaris complex, hy-
brids in Ceanothus, paleobotany, Fuchsia, water and plant anat-
omy, endemism in Hawaii, Ruppia, marine algae of Monterey,
hybrids in Bromus, Drymaria, and a hybrid oak.

From time to time, as a distinct series, the California Acad-
emy has published “Occasional Papers.’ From the botanical
standpoint the most notable of these was number 9 by Alice
Eastwood, entitled “A Handbook of the Trees of California”
(pp. 1-86,—1905). Issued just before the fire of 1906, it has be-
come almost a collector’s item since most of the stock was
burned.

One of the most important botanical contributions of the
Botany Department of the Academy in recent years has been the
journal, LEAFLETS OF WESTERN Borany. Privately published by
its founders and editors, Alice Eastwood and John Thomas
Howell, and more recently by the latter alone, and receiving
some financial help from the California Botanical Club, it has
nevertheless for the outside world a definite connection with
the Academy. Founded in 1932, it is now in its seventh volume
and consists of about 1600 pages, mostly on western plants,
native and cultivated. There is a vast amount of material in
these pages, especially in the way of distributional and nomen-
clatorial notes and of short revisions. ‘The papers are by many
authors as well as by Miss Eastwood and Mr. Howell.

All told, the California Academy of Sciences has lived through
a century characterized first by botanical exploration of Cali-
fornia and the West, later of regions farther to the south, where
the concentration has been on Lower California, adjacent
islands, and the Galapagos Islands. A number of expeditions
has assembled materials and numerous papers have reported
the findings. Those collections made during the past half cen-
tury are still intact and are available at the Academy for study
and consultation. Duplicate specimens have enriched the col-
lections of many other institutions. Printed volumes have gone
over all the world and made available a tremendous body of
knowledge concerning the botany of vast stretches of the Pacific
Coast. This knowledge is important to the monographer, to the
geographic botanist, and to workers in other fields. Meanwhile
the Academy has built up a library and an herbarium of out-
standing importance. These are visited by botanists from near

and far, for shorter or for longer periods, who use the materials
and consult the curators, always to gain information or help in
one way or another. The Academy is also the chief botanical
headquarters for a small but important group of botanists not
on its payroll, who find there a place for work and who add
greatly to its contribution to science. I refer to such men as the
late J. W. Stacey, Eric Walther, Lewis S. Rose, Dr. T. H. Kear-
ney, and younger students who get inspiration and training,
like Peter Raven and Peter Rubtzoff.

Finally, brief mention should be made of botanical activities
by members of the Botany Department staff for the Bay region
communities, such as lectures to garden clubs and other organi-
zations, radio programs, identification of specimens for garden-
ers and others, and classes in plant taxonomy. These efforts, as
well as the research and publications of the staff, all combine to
make the California Academy of Sciences an important botani-
cal center and one that well maintains the tradition of a cen-
tury of great accomplishment.

Horticulture and the California
Academy of Sciences

BY VICTOR REITER, JR.

San Francisco

It is somewhat presumptive for a layman only half the age of
the California Academy of Sciences to present an evaluation of
the Academy’s contribution to his professional field. But, in a
way, an impression may best be presented by one not too closely
associated with the botanical activities of the Academy.

Ornamental horticulture is a field which stems from practical
applications of many arts and sciences, not the least of which
is botany. Since basically it is an art that deals with plants, and
botany is the science dealing with plants, it logically follows
that horticulture must consider botany as one of its cornerstones.
Every plant cultivated can be traced back to some wild form
somewhere in the world. Indeed, even our most accursed weeds
must be considered as plants in the wrong place. If we want to
study any of these garden plants, good or bad, we must turn to
the classification of plants in botany or we find only chaos.

The writer having been a nurseryman for many years has been
aware of the misconceptions about plants in the minds of the
average person. Having been engaged in growing plants often
without common names, he knows how correct botanical ter-
minology can create laughter and even criticism. The attitude
that Latinized names are amusing and that their use is a stilted
pose is fortunately waning, but we still have a sprinkling of
those good citizens who mistrust anything as technical as the
botanical names of plants.

If nurserymen have recognized this attitude of mistrust for
botanical terms, the professional botanist must certainly have
his problems when translating his field for lay consumption.
Winning over the layman to the commonplace use of botanical
terms is essential to botanical and horticultural education. The
awareness by the Academy’s Department of Botany of this need
for talking down to the lay level has helped tremendously in

popularizing correct nomenclature. In the author’s lifetime he
has seen geraniums become Pelargonium, cranesbills become
Geranium, syringas become Philadelphus, and lilacs become
Syringa. Indeed, all of California’s ornamental horticulture has
undergone an inspiring metamorphosis in his lifetime, thanks
to the influence of scientific organizations with enough public
confidence to influence the lay outlook.

The purpose of this paper is not to trace the development of
ornamental horticulture in California but rather to recognize
the contribution of the California Academy of Sciences to that
development. Personally the writer believes that the Academy
has contributed its full share to this progress in the past and
that it is singularly equipped and staffed to continue its task of
enlightenment.

In all probability the early influence of the Academy on orna-
mental horticulture was slight. The primary botanical task in
a new country is the classification and the recording of the dis-
coveries in the native flora. In a new community ornamental
horticulture is usually primitive compared with its agriculture
and economic horticulture. The aesthetic refinements grow
with the maturity and the leisure of the community. Yet, if it
were not for the pioneering vision of such venerable institu-
tions as the Academy, the precious scientific data essential to
progress would not be in readiness when the community attains
a sufficient development to need this knowledge.

We know that there was considerable interest in plants from
1860 to 1890 and that many of our finest garden subjects had
already been introduced from the far corners of the earth before
1900. Outstanding private collections of exotics were grown
and the traveler today can still see old specimens of the early
importations scattered over the state.

The Academy from its inception had a share in this early in-
terest in exotics but it was not until Alice Eastwood became head
of the Department of Botany that ornamental horticulture had
its champion. We know from her notes that Miss Eastwood was
interested in cultivated exotics “before the fire” (1906), but in
1915 as Curator of Botany in the Academy’s new home in Gold-
en Gate Park, she was able to make this interest a special feature
in developing the new herbarium. It is this valuable herbarium
collection that is so important to California horticulture today.

The major botanical role of a California institution should
be the study of the native flora, but to those in horticulture the
cultivated flora of gardens (which for the most part is exotic)
is of primary importance. The native flora has certainly not
been neglected at the Academy, but the addition of this broad
interest in cultivated exotics has been a unique and valuable
boon for the plant-conscious California gardener and it has
welded the common interests of local horticulture and botany
much more intimately.

Highly specialized botanical workers sometimes become so
engrossed in their own narrow field that they lose touch with
wider horizons and with the public. Fortunately for all of us,
Miss Eastwood, a specialist in certain aspects of the California
flora, was able to see beyond her immediate specialty and to
initiate an important service to horticulture. Not only did she
establish the herbarium of cultivated exotics but she was able
to accumulate a library which includes many books necessary
for their study. The present facilities, although crowded, have
the essentials of a fine horticultural study center. Suffering from
financial limitations and the inconvenience stemming from in-
adequate housing, the Academy’s facility remains one of the
best in the West. Certainly there is nothing to equal its her-
barium of cultivated plants west of the Rockies and perhaps
west of the Atlantic seaboard.

Isolated in a remote wing of the Academy buildings and de-
signed for professional research rather than public participa-
tion, this priceless equipment has not served on as broad a base
as it deserves. Few people are aware of the constant plant identi-
fication service that goes on here and of the slow gradual accre-
tion of plant knowledge being sifted and classified for future
workers. Under Miss Eastwood’s guidance the Academy has
built a horticultural herbarium of the first rank. Miss Elizabeth
McClintock has been in charge of this collection since Miss
Eastwood’s retirement and the same appreciation of its import-
ance is accorded it by this new curator. Horticulturists are en-
couraged to see the high professional standards continued in the
maintenance and expansion of this work.

In stimulating the union of horticulture with botany an
awareness of the need for this union had to be created by the
participation of the Botany Department in activities beyond its

normal sphere. Not only did Miss Eastwood recognize and assist
groups in horticulture but it is encouraging to note that the
program she established is being continued since her retirement.
Since 1892 Miss Eastwood has been leader of a study group, the
California Botanical Club, and was a founder of the California
Spring Blossom and Wildflower Association. The writer, who
is a fuchsia breeder, is keenly aware of the importance of Miss
Eastwood’s work in putting on firm foundation the American
Fuchsia Society and of the stature that the society gained
through its contact with the Academy. During its incubating
period (1933), the California Horticultural Society held its sec-
ond meeting in the herbarium of the Academy. ‘Today, the so-
ciety is fortunate in having Mr. Howell assist in maintaining
the botanical accuracy of its Journal, while Miss McClintock,
who is also serving at present as secretary of the society, keeps
the names listed in its monthly Bulletin correct.

Flowers have been exhibited in the foyer of the Academy’s
North American Hall since its opening in 1916. At that time
Miss Eastwood began to display vases of cut flowers with botani-
cal as well as common names affixed. Among those drawn to
these exhibits was Mr. Eric Walther, the present Supervisor
of the Strybing Arboretum in Golden Gate Park. Mr. Walther
subsequently became one of Miss Eastwood’s staunchest stu-
dents and one of the leading horticultural authorities of the
Pacific Coast. The liaison between the park’s plantings and the
Academy’s botanical facilities has always been close. Until 1931
Miss Eastwood conducted classes for the park gardeners, an un-
dertaking which fell to Mr. Walther in later years. When funds
for the Strybing Arboretum were left to the city it was specified
that the plantings should be in close proximity to the Academy,
a fortunate stipulation. The work of the arboretum would be
very materially handicapped without the technical facilities
available at the Academy and the horticultural herbarium of
the Academy has profited from its proximity to the rare plant-
ings of the arboretum and of Golden Gate Park generally. The
convenience of having a reference library near the actual grow-
ing plants has been a tremendous stimulus. The beautiful color
plates in the volumes of the Academy’s botanical library have
inspired Mr. Walther and others to acquire many of the plants
pictured and our park as well as California gardens are showing

the influence of this library in their richer plantings. While the
horticultural specimens in the herbarium have been collected
by a number of people, the largest proportion of them have been
collected by Mr. Walther, not only in San Francisco and the
Bay area but also in southern California.

Then, too, Miss Eastwood has published papers and articles
on various groups of cultivated plants whose nomenclature was
confused, such as those dealing with the bottlebrushes, escal-
lonias, and pittosporums. These papers, published in LEAFLETS
oF WESTERN Botany, have often exposed plants masquerading
under wrong names, bringing to light the absence of the true
varieties in our collections and making it possible to import
them. More recently, Miss McClintock has contributed a series
of articles to the Journal of the California Horticultural So-
ciety which deal with perplexing problems in California horti-
culture.

The unusual combination of interests in both the native flora
and in horticulture that Miss Eastwood has shown has been a
real influence in the development of the use of California na-
tives in gardens here and elsewhere. The professional and horti-
cultural relations between such institutions as the Rancho
Santa Ana Botanic Garden, the Santa Barbara Botanic Garden,
and the Strybing Arboretum have been intensified by Miss East-
wood’s association and friendship with the staffs of these insti-
tutions. That the garden value of native plants has not been
overlooked and smothered. by the formal botany essential to
the scientist is something for which horticulturists should be
grateful. This appreciation of California natives for Califor-
nia gardens which Miss Eastwood has always had is beginning
to bear fruit.

In recent years publicly supported institutions such as our
universities and colleges have taken over many orphan activi-
ties like botanical gardens, plant testing, and training of horti-
cultural personnel; and even state tribute on horse racing has
been turned to flower show support. In the face of all these
diverse activities deriving funds from public sources, privately
endowed institutions with their spartan budgets find it hard to
be heard over the din of publicity accorded the state-supported
giants. Yet when we see, as at the Academy, the development of
a facility so valuable to horticulture, one carried on with such

a small staff and at so little cost, we wonder if the community
fully appreciates the service it has been getting.

Here in San Francisco we have the finest horticultural her-
barium in the West, the botanical library necessary for its proper
utilization, a personnel qualified to carry on the program, and
the tradition of a fine institution. All of this is centered in
Golden Gate Park which contains one of the richest and most
diversified collections of living plants in the country. Certainly
these facilities deserve all the support that the horticultural
community of the San Francisco Bay area can give them and in
return I am confident ornamental horticulture will benefit
many-fold.

Books and Botany

BY VERONICA J. SEXTON

San Francisco

It is most proper to give the major credit for the development
and growth of the outstanding collection of botanical books in
the California Academy of Sciences Library to Miss Alice East-
wood. For fifty-five years she worked with a single objective in
mind, to make it the best possible tool for her purpose, and she
continues to have a keen interest in it to the present time. The
Academy was forty years old when she came to it, drawn from
her beloved Colorado chiefly because of its great book collec-
tion. When she came within the influence of this lodestone of
books which had been gathering for four decades from all parts
of the scientific world, she settled down for her life work, and
her precise knowledge of source material broadened with her
association with Mr. and Mrs. Brandegee, who were far ad-
vanced in a knowledge and appreciation of botanical literature.

There is little evidence left of the holdings of the Academy’s
botanical books before 1906. Perusal of a short list in the “Cata-
logue of the Library .. .” and its supplement issued in 1889
gives an inadequate picture of what eye-witnesses assure us was
a great library for its time. Our knowledge of its strength of
holdings in the reports of voyages, in the great monographic and
floristic classics, and in the proceedings of learned societies, is
largely based on Miss Eastwood’s memory of them. She has often
_ mentioned books or sets which have never been replaced, and
she has expertly compared the merits of the collection before
and after the fire. The interests of the history of botany must
have been well served by the great pre-Linnean library owned
by the Academy and conceded to have been the greatest in
North America. Miss Eastwood never grieved over its loss as
some of us do today, for she was completely immersed in her
own work in West American botany and the literature that
would contribute directly to it. Between 1902 and 1906 she was
active in library organization when a Library Committee was
functioning. The fabulous 1902 library budget of $2200 was

due undoubtedly to her aggressive policy in a cause in which
she believed so fervently.

In little more than a decade after her coming to the Academy,
the first results of her efforts were wiped out by the fire of 1906.
Shortly thereafter she set out on her travels and in the course
of her research while the Academy was re-organizing she came
to know intimately great botanical libraries on the east coast
and in Europe. Upon her return to San Francisco in 1912 she
had a well-defined plan and renewed enthusiasm for rebuild-
ing the library.

At this time Miss Eastwood was appointed Academy Librarian
and she gave unstintingly of her time and energy to forward
her charge. In the mornings she came long before opening time
for her own department in order to lay out work for her library
assistant. Doctor Emmet Rixford and perhaps others too were
present early and late unpacking and arranging the shipments
that were pouring in. Societies and governments were replacing
their sets of journals and reports. Sympathetic authors and
publishers were sending their works. One of these most treas-
ured to this day by Miss Eastwood was the replacement of
Engler and Prantl by the publisher, Wilhelm Engelmann of
Leipzig. The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia sent
its duplicates in generous quantities, and the same is true of the
American Academy in Boston, and of others.

Friends and admirers of Miss Eastwood have found her devo-
tion to books infectious, and by her example or through her
influence have presented valuable gifts to the Academy library.
Through Miss Eastwood’s good offices, Lindley’s magnificent
folio Sertum Orchidaceum was given to the Academy by Mrs.
Karl H. Karg as a memorial to her husband. More recently the
botanical library of Mrs. Dorothy Sutliffe was willed to the
Academy and to the California Botanical Club. It was Miss East-
wood who attracted the princely bequest of the late William F.
Herrin which included among other things complete sets of
Curtis’s Botanical Magazine and Loddige’s Botanical Cabinet.

Similarly Miss Eastwood influenced the purpose to which the
income from the Mrs. William Hinckley Taylor Fund of the
Academy is to be devoted. This fund was raised for the Acad-
emy by the San Francisco Garden Club in honor of its founder
and first president, Mrs. William Hinckley Taylor, and at the

suggestion of Miss Eastwood the garden club board directed
that the income be used to purchase books for the Botany
Department. Several works of great beauty and worth have
already been acquired by this means, the outstanding one being
Elwes’ Monograph of the Genus Lilium, complete with its seven
supplements (which, as a further gift from the fund, have been
handsomely bound to match the binding of the original).

Miss Eastwood has been the inspiration and directing force
in building up the library of the California Botanical Club
which is shelved in the Botany Department. This library she
developed along two lines: one of popular or semipopular works
on botany, horticulture, and botanical travels primarily for
the use of the club; the other of more technical taxonomic
works, such as Sweet’s Geraniaceae and Millais’ Rhododen-
drons, primarily for reference in the Botany Department. From
time to time she has had the club present to the Academy one
of its more valuable works as a token of appreciation to the
Academy for what that institution does to foster and further
the aims of the club.

With the exception of other special gifts, the regular exchange
accounts, and some meager purchases, the costs of developing
the botanical library over the years have been met by Miss
Eastwood. She has lived frugally, and sometimes austerely, in
order to meet bills for rare books. She has often made the re-
mark, “Save in order to be generous’; and this motto she has
carried out implicitly. She has always had cash on hand when
a book, long sought after, has appeared on the market. She has
had an uncanny ability as a book-buyer. True, she might gamble
and bargain and at length compromise rather than lose an op-
portunity, but she never allowed price to defeat her great objec-
tive, namely, to acquire at the first reasonable opportunity
literature which she could not work without.

Today the entire botanical book collection numbers some
5000 volumes. It covers the field of color-plate magazines, the
great color-plate books of the eighteenth and nineteenth cen-
turies, the classic monographs, such as, Ruiz and Pavon, Hum-
boldt, Salm-Reifferscheid-Dyck, Plumier, Rumphius, Lamarck,
Flora Braziliensis, and the important regional floras of the
world, with appropriate emphasis on those of western America.
While the botanical library represents the accretion of many

purchases and gifts, the crowning gift of all is Miss Eastwood's
own library, given by her on the day she retired, to remain as
a perpetual monument for the benefit of those who follow after.

Books are the most remarkable creation of man.

Nothing else he builds ever lasts.
—CLARENCE DAY

The Botanical Collections of the California
Academy of Scvences

BY JOHN THOMAS HOWELL

San Francisco

The present herbarium of the California Academy of Sciences
dates not from the Academy’s founding in April, 1853, but rather
from the San Francisco earthquake and fire on April 18, 1906.
On that fateful day, as Miss Eastwood and her helpers rescued
the last bundle of specimens and turned their back on the old
Academy building, already threatened by flames, the new her-
barium of the new Academy was begun. The 1497 specimens in
the wagon rattling over the cobblestoned streets towards Rus-
sian Hill was the herbarium pro tempore, and it is from that
relatively small but important collection that the present her-
barium of about 370,000 specimens has grown.

Those 1497 specimens were the choicest part of the old Acad-
emy herbarium, the types and isotypes and other critical speci-
mens that had been segregated from the general herbarium by
Miss Eastwood because she had felt they were deserving of
special care and attention. From that auspicious beginning in
April, 1906, the collection of types and isotypes of the Academy
herbarium has grown until now it is more than twice as large
and is maintained in special cases apart from the general her-
barium. During the past decade, the type herbarium has been
expertly curated by Dr. Thomas H. Kearney, under whose
supervision a card catalogue of types of spermatophytes has been
prepared. This catalogue is now being published in install-
ments.* A published catalogue covering the cryptogamic types,
which will list the important collections of algae and furnish a
much-needed list of the types of Harkness fungi, is planned to
follow the present phanerogamic series.

By good fortune, several taxonomic groups in the general
herbarium were saved because they were on loan to specialists

*Plant types in the Herbarium of the California Academy of Sciences. The Wasmann

Collector, vol. 7 (1949); Wasmann Journal of Biology, vol. 8 (1950), vol. 9 (1951), vol.
10 (1952), vol. 11 (1953).

at the time of the San Francisco disaster. Specimens of Lupinus
were in Cambridge, Massachusetts, being studied by Prof. B. L.
Robinson for his treatment in a part of Gray’s Synoptical Flora
that was never published. The collection of Eschscholzia was
still in Washington, D.C., where it had served as the basis of
Greene’s revision of the genus in Pittonia, vol. 5. The third
large loan then outstanding was a comprehensive collection of
Polemoniaceae which, in the hands of the German botanist,
August Brand, was perhaps the principal western American
basis for his revision of that family in Das Pflanzenreich. The
character of the material in these general collections that were
saved furnishes some slight insight into the richness and diver-
sity that must have characterized the old Academy herbarium
that was consumed in the holocaust of that dread day of de-
struction.

Two:other collections belonging to the Academy at the time
of the earthquake and fire but, fortunately, not yet in the Acad-
emy museum, should be noted here: the 1905 collections of
A. A. Heller and the invaluable collections of the Academy expe-
dition to the Galapagos Islands. Through arrangement with
Miss Eastwood and in consideration of financial assistance ex-
tended to him, Heller had agreed to deposit in the Academy
herbarium the types and first set of specimens of his 1905 field
trips, which were among the most profitable botanically that
he ever made. Reference to these facts is made in the opening
pages of Muhlenbergia, vol. 2, where it can be ascertained that
some 35 types came to the Academy through the arrangement.

The expedition to the Galapagos Islands had spent one full
year in the islands, from Sept. 23, 1905, to Sept. 25, 1906, making
the most complete natural history studies that have ever been
made in that famous archipelago. The treasure trove of scien-
tific specimens from the expedition became destined to form one
of the chief building blocks on which the new Academy museum
was to arise and to regain world renown in scientific circles. ‘The
botanical collections of that expedition, together with those
obtained in 1932 on the Templeton Crocker Expedition, make
the Academy the world’s chief source of information on the
plant life of the Galapagos Islands.

Following the earthquake and fire, several herbaria owned
by individuals were donated to the Academy and gave to the

present herbarium some of its most valued collections. Miss
Eastwood has already recounted the importance of these her-
baria in LEAFLETS OF WESTERN Borany, volume 5, pages 45 to
48, where she describes the collections of Evelina Cannon, Wil-
liam W. Carruth, George R. Kleeberger, and E. K. Abbott.
More recent gifts have included the herbarium of Ella Dales
Cantelow (also mentioned by Miss Eastwood in the article re-
ferred to) and the Hubby Herbarium. The latter was presented
to the Academy by the Ojai Branch of the Ventura County
Library, where it had been stored for many years and where
it was discovered by Mr. Henry M. Pollard. The Hubby Her-
barium is chiefly important because of the large number of
specimens collected in the 1890’s by Frank W. Hubby and Miss
Nora Pettibone in the vicinity of Ojai, Ventura County, Cali-
fornia. These collections are an important complement to the
large and exhaustive collections Mr. Pollard made in the water-
shed of the Ventura River while a teacher at the Ojai School for
Boys in the Ojai Valley. ‘The first set of Mr. Pollard’s collections
are also deposited in the Academy herbarium, a gift from Mr.
Pollard. It is hoped that the Hubby and Pollard collections will
some day furnish the basis for a local flora of the Ojai region,
where desert, coastal, montane, and cismontane phytogeo-
graphic factors bring together in a restricted area one of the
most interesting plant assemblages in California.

Mr. Lewis S. Rose, over a period of more than twenty years,
is the one who has given more specimens than anyone else to the
Academy herbarium. An honorary member of the herbarium
staff, he has devoted himself to the collection and distribu-
tion of western American plants, chiefly Californian. The first
set of his plants has always been available to the Academy,
where most of his material has been identified. His duplicates
have been offered for exchange on all of the six continents, and
the rich returns from this extensive activity have been deposited
as a gift in the Academy herbarium under the stamped designa-
tion, “Collection of Lewis S. Rose.” In 1942, when I dedicated
in his honor Senecio Lewisrosei, I estimated that he had given
to the Academy some 53,000 specimens. Now the number is
more nearly 70,000, and I am certain it would be even larger if
the facilities of the Academy herbarium were commensurate
with the activity and ambition of our friend and benefactor!

H. D. Ripley and R. C. Barneby, now residents of New York
(State) but formerly of England and of California, have, through
their wide and diligent field labors in the western United States,
and particularly in the Great Basin area, contributed more tax-
onomic and phytogeographic knowledge than most other con-
temporary workers. Since 1941, when the two began a systematic
field study of arid parts of the American Southwest, they have
deposited in the Academy herbarium the choicest parts of their
collections, under the appropriate label-head, Plantae Selectae
Occidentales. Very early in this field work, Mr. Barneby began
his revolutionary studies on the North American species of the
genus Astragalus, and one by-product of his intensive field and
herbarium researches is the development of an outstanding col-
lection of this genus in the Academy herbarium. The gifts of
Ripley and Barneby to the herbarium total more than 4000
specimens, of which 50 represent types of taxa proposed by Mr.
Barneby, while still other specimens are types or isotypes of taxa
by other workers based on Ripley and Barneby specimens. ‘The
names of these brilliant and indefatigable collectors will be
forever associated with the twentieth century botanical ex-
ploration of our Southwestern deserts in the names of such
plants as Eriogonum Ripleyi, Lesquerella Barnebyt, Gilia Rip-
leyi, Phacelia Barnebyana, and Castilleja Barnebyana, and by
the superb plant collections they have deposited in the Academy
herbarium and elsewhere.

Another noteworthy collection from the Great Basin that has
been given to the Academy is the Linsdale collection from the
Toiyabe Mountains in central Nevada. The set numbered 1000
specimens and was prepared by Jean M. and Mary Ann Lins-
dale during the course of Dr. Linsdale’s field work on the verte-
brates of the Great Basin. The collection is one of the most
complete ever made in the Toiyabe Mountains and was the
basis of a report on the plants of the range (Wasmann Journal
of Biology 10:129—200). The Great Basin collections of the Lins-
dales, of Ripley and Barneby, and of Eastwood and Howell, to-
gether with extensive Basin material received by exchange from
the Utah State Agricultural College in Logan, give to the Acad-
emy an outstanding research collection pertaining to a large and
interesting part of the western United States.

Over the years, two other botanists have been generous in

their donations to the Academy herbarium, Milo S. Baker and
Robert F. Hoover, although with both, the first sets of their
specimens are to be found elsewhere. It is Mr. Baker who first
brought the Pitkin Marsh in Sonoma County to the attention
of botanists generally and it is he who was foremost in the
botanical rediscovery of Lake County. Mr. Baker has supplied
the Academy with duplicates of most of his interesting dis-
coveries, including many isotypes of new taxa based on his
collections. Through Dr. Hoover’s continued generosity, the
Academy has received many isotypes and other valued speci-
mens and has thus been able to keep abreast of the advance of
floristic knowledge to which his many important and critical
discoveries have contributed.

Now that I have begun as an Academy project a flora of the
Sierra Nevada, the Academy collections from that range are
assuming ever greater value as taxonomic and phytogeographic
studies proceed. The first intensive collecting I did as a novice
in botany was in the Sierra Nevada in the summers of 1923 to
1925; and, from 1940 to 1949, I was offered unsurpassed oppor-
tunities to collect in the higher parts of the range by the Sierra
Club through its Base Camp outings under the leadership of
Oliver Kehrlein. Since 1949, Peter Raven has carried on this
work under the auspices of the Sierra Club and his collections
are deposited in the Academy herbarium. For about twenty
years, Clarence R. Quick has collected plant specimens as he
has gone about the Sierra Nevada in connection with his work
on the white pine blister rust control program, and the larger
part of the first series of his well-prepared specimens has been
given to the Academy. Many hundreds of Sierran specimens
came to the Academy when Mark Kerr gave his herbarium,
which was devoted chiefly to Inyo County. The Plumas and
Sierra County collections of Ella Dales (Mrs. H. C.) Cantelow,
of Anna Head, and of Dorothy (Mrs. E. C.) Sutliffe are particu-
larly valuable, while the collections of Henry M. Pollard from
the regions around Huntington Lake and the Mammoth Lakes
give the Academy reference material from those parts of the
range. Among others whose Sierran collections (complete or
partial) are a valued part of the Academy herbarium, the fol-
lowing should also be mentioned: Mrs. H. P. Bracelin, A. East-
wood, Roxanna S. Ferris, M. S. Jussel, David D. Keck, Hans

Leschke, Elsie Zeile (Mrs. W. R.) Lovegrove, Enid (Mrs. Charles
E.) Michael, Anita Noldeke, F. W. Peirson, L. S. Rose, C. W.
Sharsmith, and G. L. Stebbins, Jr.

The specimens of many other collectors have also been given
to the Academy, sometimes as single large collections, but gen-
erally in small lots from time to time over the years. While it is
not possible to discuss these collections in detail here, it is de-
sirable to record the names of some of these collectors since
their specimens have frequently furnished material on which
new taxa have been based and have added many plants of
value for systematic and phytogeographic studies. Among the
collectors who should be noted here are: Drs. Fred and Char-
lotte Baker, Marian L. Campbell, T. D. A. Cockerell, Chester
Dudley, W. I. Follett, G. Dallas Hanna, J. K. Henry, William
F. Herrin, Junea W. (Mrs. G. Earle) Kelly, J. August Kusche,
Gregory S. Lyon, E. P. Meincke, C. Hart Merriam, Frances
Payne, Carl Purdy, G. P. Rixford, Lester Rowntree, Peter
Rubtzoff, L. E. Smith, Dr. and Mrs. E. C. Van Dyke, E. R. Wes-
ton, and Ynez Whilton Winblad.

Of the nonvascular cryptograms, the Academy herbarium
boasts only of its bryophyte collection and of the hundreds of
specimens of algae and fungi in the type herbarium. The gen-
eral collection of Musci numbers about 11,000 specimens and,
though world-wide in compass, it is chiefly valuable for the Cali-
fornia section, which was used to advantage by Dr. L. F. Koch
in the preparation of his catalogue of California mosses (Leafl.
West. Bot. 6:1-40). Since the completion of that work, Mrs.
Fay A. MacFadden has presented the Academy with nearly a
thousand selected specimens of Musct, filling many gaps in our
California series.

Even more important than the Academy collection of Musct
is our collection of Hepaticae. It numbers only about 4000 speci-
mens but contains what is probably the largest collection of
California hepatics in the world. The assembling and care of
this important collection was the devoted task attended to over
several decades by Mrs. Dorothy Sutliffe, who donated to the
Academy everything that went into her work. As in all groups,
the Galdpagean collections of bryophytes are outstanding.
Through the Kleeberger Herbarium (noted above), the Acad-
emy acquired the Coe F. Austin distributions and, in the Prager

Herbarium (noted below), are some classical collections from
Germany and elsewhere.

Some of the most important sections of the herbarium have
been developed because of the special interest of members of
the staff in certain groups of plants. Thus Miss Eastwood’s in-
terest in the lupines, manzanitas, and paintbrushes over many
decades led to the accumulation of large series of critical speci-
mens in the genera Lupinus, Arctostaphylos, and Castilleja,
while the same can be said to have resulted from my interest in
Eriogonum, Phacelia, and Cirsium. The largest single collec-
tion in the entire herbarium is probably that of North American
Carex, which was developed through the critical and energetic
interest of J. W. Stacey, who for a number of years was a Re-
search Associate of the Academy. Mr. Stacey inspired me with
his enthusiasm, and I am happy to state that now a keen and
discerning interest is being shown in California’s largest plant
genus by still younger botanists, by Peter Rubtzoff in his work
on the Sonoma County marshes, and by Peter Raven in his
field work in Napa County and in the Sierra Nevada. For more
than a decade, Dr. Hans Leschke has contributed to our un-
derstanding of the genus through his discriminating field work,
but his gifts to the Academy herbarium are not restricted to
Carex alone.

The most recent notable development of a special group in the
herbarium is that of the New World Malvaceae, due to the criti-
cal studies of Dr. Thomas H. Kearney, who, since his retirement
from a position in the U. S. Department of Agriculture, has
been an honorary member of the herbarium staff. Under Dr.
Kearney, the Academy’s Malvaceae have tripled or quadrupled,
and although an enviable collection of New World plants is
being assembled, the vast development of the family in Latin
America leaves much yet to be accomplished in that direction.
When not working with Malvaceae, Dr. Kearney is busy with
Arizona plants sent him for determination, and the Academy
has him to thank chiefly for the large collections from that state
which augment an already-outstanding regional representation
that resulted from the field work of Miss Eastwood.

It is generally agreed that one of the most valuable parts of
the Academy herbarium is its horticultural collection. These
collections are distributed through the general herbarium, but

are set apart from specimens of non-cultivated plants by the
orange genus-covers in which they are filed. It is not easy to
estimate the size of the horticultural collection, but it prob-
ably exceeds 50,000 specimens. The largest part of this collec-
tion has been obtained from California gardens, parks, and
nurseries, and more of these plants have been collected by Mr.
Eric Walther, Supervisor of the Strybing Arboretum, than by
anyone else, although Miss Eastwood collected a great number.
Other important collections of California garden specimens
have come from Miss Elizabeth McClintock and from Mrs. H.
P. Bracelin. Extensive collections of horticultural material from
outside California have come from the Arnold Arboretum
and from the Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew, England. The
Prager Herbarium, discussed below, also contains many speci-
mens of plants cultivated in the botanic gardens of Germany.
Sometimes these Prager specimens represent quite ordinary
plants, but at other times, as in the case of Polygonum argyro-
coleon Steudel ex Kunze which I discussed in this journal in
1934, the cultivated plant may be as important as the type-col-
lection itself.

The Herbarium of Albert Prager of Leipzig, referred to in
the preceding paragraph, was purchased by the Academy at the
insistence of Miss Eastwood and through the generosity of
seven Academy members. The size of the herbarium may never
be known since there is no record of an actual count of speci-
mens,—for instead of the number of specimens, Prager kept ac-
count only of the number of species, and these totaled almost
26,000. It seems safe to assume that the number of specimens
would be at least double the total number of species in Prager’s
catalogue.

The outstanding riches of the Prager Herbarium have been
described before (Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., ser. 4, 11:625—-627;
Leafl. West. Bot. 6:205-207) and their importance in adding
to the prestige and usefulness of the Academy herbarium can-
not be overestimated. What of import might turn up in any
particular group of plants can scarcely be foretold, so varied are
the collections and so diverse the sources from which Prager ob-
tained them. Who, for example, would have expected to find
among the Prager grasses a part of the type-collection of An-
thochloa lepida obtained by Meyen at 15,000 feet in the Peruvian

Andes, the collection from which Nees and Meyen described
their species and on which they based their genus? Yet there it
is in the Prager Herbarium, and, so far as I have been able to
ascertain, it is a collection otherwise represented in America
only by a fragment (ex herb. Berol.) in the Grass Herbarium of
the U. S. National Herbarium.

Academy collections from the far north also constitute one
of its outstanding sections, not so important as the Galapagean
and western North American collections certainly, but notable
nevertheless. Here we find first or original sets by Alice East-
wood, George Haley, Edward Johnston, Ynez Mexia, Malcolm
Smith, Harry Swarth, and others from northwestern Canada,
Alaska, and the Aleutian and Pribiloff islands, and those by
Louise A. Boyd, George Haley, and H. J. Oosting from the
eastern Canadian Arctic, Greenland, and Europe. From Eyer-
dam, Hultén, G. N. Jones, H. L. Mason, M. P. Porsild, and many
others have been obtained extensive collections by exchange or
by purchase. And again in the Prager Herbarium there is a
wealth of northern European collections, with a generous
sprinkling of Greenland plants by J. Vahl and not a few frag-
ments from classic collections made by Russian collectors in
Alaska.

Collections resulting directly from the field work of the
curators account for about one-fifth of the entire herbarium.
Miss Eastwood and I, individually and jointly, have collected
approximately 60,000 numbered specimens of vascular plants.
When I joined the staff in June, 1930, I brought with me my
herbarium of about 8000 specimens which I gave to the Acad-
emy; and, in 1949, on joining the curatorial ranks of the
Department of Botany, Miss Elizabeth McClintock presented
her personal collections, particularly rich in plants cultivated in
southern California and in material of Hydrangea. Miss Betty
Hammerly, while a member of the department, accompanied
an entomological expedition under the direction of A. E.
Michelbacher and E. S. Ross to the Cape region of Lower Cali-
fornia and obtained many desirable specimens.

The expeditions of the Academy have brought into the her-
barium some of its most valuable collections. Although a num-
ber of expeditions have been sponsored by the Academy, the
most important from a botanist’s viewpoint have been: the

expedition to the Galapagos Islands in 1905-06, Alban Stewart,
botanist; the expedition to the Gulf of California in 1921, Ivan
Johnston, botanist; the expedition to the Revillagigedo Islands
in 1925, Herbert L. Mason, botanist; the Templeton Crocker
Expedition in 1932, J. T. Howell, botanist. Among the chief
contributions made by the Academy to systematic botany and
phytogeography are the assembling of the plant materials of
these expeditions and the publishing of reports on the expedi-
tions and collections.

Belonging to the Department of Botany are numerous objects
of both scientific and popular interest, mostly valuable for mu-
seum exhibition purposes. ‘The Dennison, Fauntleroy, and Vos-
burg collections of water color paintings of California wild flow-
ers and the Pollard carvings from the woods of California plants,
particularly from manzanita burls, may be noted in this regard.

Also to be included as a unique museum object is the her-
barium of Anders Beckman that was completed in 1752. Made
up like a scrap-book and containing specimens of several hun-
dred pressed Swedish plants, this old collection was presented
to the Department of Botany by Mrs. H. P. Bracelin to whom it
had been given by Sara Beckman Eichorn, a direct descendant
of the man who had prepared the specimens so long ago and so
far away. Dr. Carl Skotsberg, on examining this botanical heir-
loom, remarked that Anders Beckman was probably a German
who went to Sweden to study under Linnaeus. The Beckman
Herbarium is perhaps one of the oldest plant collections in
America.

One more botanical collection of the Academy must be noted,
although it is not in the Department of Botany: the very im-
portant collection of diatoms which is in the Department of
Paleontology. The basis of the collection is the material of Wil-
liam H. Norris, one of the founders of the San Francisco Micro-
scopical Society, but other collections are included, notably
the numerous specimens that have been prepared or acquired
by Dr. G. Dallas Hanna in connection with his geological work.
There are several thousand slide preparations in the diatom
herbarium, of which 600 slides (including 200 holotypes) are
segregated in the type collections of the department. In connec-
tion with his research in this field, Dr. Hanna has gathered to-
gether an outstanding library on diatoms which includes the

important pamphlet collection of Pantocsek, well-known Hun-
garian diatomist.

And so in large part, the botanical collections of the Califor-
nia Academy of Sciences stand before the scientific world after
one hundred years. Repeatedly Miss Eastwood has asserted that
the present herbarium is much better and much more useful
than the one that was lost in 1906; but she always adds her re-
grets at the irreparable loss of Philippi’s collections from Chile,
of Hillebrand’s from Hawaii, and her own from Colorado and
Utah, to mention only three.

The growth of the present herbarium has been impressive,—
from a few hundred specimens in 1906 to over 370,000 in 1953.
But knowledge (scientia), not size, is the end for which we strive.
Unless an herbarium serves as a basis for study and for published
research, it is little more than a well-ordered hay-stack. In its
first hundred years, the Academy herbarium has met and an-
swered the challenge of the science it serves. In 1953, it enters
upon its second hundred years with the expectation and hope
that its scientific usefulness will be augmented and ever more
fully realized.

With Ulysses’ gray spirit we must ever yearn

To follow knowledge like a sinking star
Beyond the utmost bound of human thought.

Appendix 1: Notes on the Plates

Plate 1. Looking southward over the museum buildings of
the California Academy of Sciences in Golden Gate Park, San
Francisco, in 1953. The Department of Botany occupies the
western half of the second floor of the wing on the extreme right.
The proposed Alice Eastwood Hall of Botany will be erected
in the court immediately to the left of this wing according to
current plans. The Strybing Arboretum lies a short distance to
the west of the Academy buildings beyond the right edge of the
picture.

Plate 2. The First Congregational Church of San Francisco on
the southwestern corner of Dupont Street (the present Grant
Avenue) and California Street. After the church moved to
newer quarters, the California Academy of Sciences occupied
this building from 1874 to 1891. Our picture, from the files of
the Society of California Pioneers, is a detail from an old pic-
torial entitled the “San Francisco Rose,’’ Frederich Hess, San
Francisco, publisher. Petal fragments of the “rose” show in the
lower part of the reproduction.

Plate 3. The facade of the Academy’s combined office and
museum building on the south side of Market Street between
Fourth and Fifth streets in 1893. This imposing building, which
was erected on land deeded to the California Academy of Sci-
ences by James Lick and built with money from his estate, was
occupied by the Academy from 1891 until it was destroyed by
the San Francisco Earthquake and Fire in 1906. Stores and offices
fronted on Market Street, while the natural history exhibits
and research departments occupied the museum quarters which
adjoined to the rear. The California Academy of Sciences, a
tax-free California corporation, still derives its chief income
from the James Lick bequest.

Plate 4. View of the court, the glass roof, and the sixth floor
gallery in the Academy’s museum building on Market Street.
According to Joseph R. Slevin, the doors on the right led to the
rooms of the Botany Department and he recounts that Miss
Eastwood used the iron railing along the balcony for drying

100

plant blotters. The Department of Entomology occupied the
sixth floor rooms on the left, while the offices of the Academy,
the library, and other research departments were on the two
galleries below. The ground floor and the two lowest galleries
were devoted to the public museum.

Plate 5. Albert Kellogg’s original water color drawing of his
species, Viola purpurea, which, together with a specimen, was
exhibited at the meeting of the California Academy of Sciences
on May 28, 1855. This drawing and an herbarium specimen
constitute the type of the species which was described in the
Proceedings of the Academy (1: 56,—1855), and they were among
the specimens saved by Miss Eastwood from the 1906 fire. Be-
neath the drawing in Kellogg’s script we read “Viola purpurea
Kellogg from a spm. [specimen] of Placerville.” In the original
description the type-locality was given vaguely as “from the in-
terior’ of California. This picture, which is not only of import-
ance as an aid in the proper interpretation of Kellogg’s species
but also as an excellent example of the “primitive” style that
distinguished his botanical art, has not before been published.

Plate 6. Alice Eastwood at her desk in the Botany Department
on July 19, 1948. Six months later, on her ninetieth birthday,
January 19, 1949, Miss Eastwood retired as curator of the de-
partment, the position she first assumed in December, 1892.

Plate 7. The dedication monument in the Strybing Arbore-
tum and Botanical Gardens, of which Mr. Eric Walther is
Supervisor. These gardens are in Golden Gate Park adjacent to
the buildings of the California Academy of Sciences and furnish
the Botany Department of the Academy with the botanical
garden complement that is so desirable for a well-rounded
botanical institution. The Strybing monument was formerly
a part of the Donahue Monument at the intersection of Market
and Bush streets and was procured for the Strybing Arboretum
by Mr. Walther when that famous landmark had to be shifted
to make way for a modern traffic arterial.

Plate 8, fig. 1. Templeton Crocker’s yacht Zaca at anchor in
Academy Bay, Indefatigable Island in the Galapagos. Mt.
Crocker, the highest point on the island, is seen on the skyline
near the right edge of the picture. The first natural history
specimens from the summit of the mountain were obtained in
May, 1932, by the Academy party, which, headed by Mr. Crocker,
made the first ascent.

101

Plate 8, fig. 2. An Eastwood and Howell expedition in the
field: Monument Valley on the Arizona-Utah line, September
14, 1938. For nine years, from 1933 to 1941, numerous field trips
by automobile were made jointly by Alice Eastwood and J. T.
Howell in California and other western states. More than 10,000
botanical specimens and innumerable duplicates were collected
on these outings, which ranged from short excursions around
San Francisco to long expeditions across mountains and deserts.
The reports on these trips were, for many years, one of the chief
burdens of LEAFLETS OF WESTERN Botany, while the plants dis-
covered were yet another contribution to the Academy’s Depart-
ment of Botany.

102

Appendix 2:
List of Persons Mentioned in Text

Abbott, E. K., 91.

Austin, C. F., 94.

Babcock, E. B., 76.

Bailey, L. H., 72.

Baker, F. and C., 94.

Baker, M. S., 93.

Barkelew, F. E., 73.

Barneby, R. C., 76, 92.

Bartlett, W. C., 56.

Bartram, E. B., 75.

Bates, H., 69.

Beckman, A., 98.

Behr, H. H., 46, 50, 55, 70-72.

Benson, L. A., 76.

Bigelow, J. M., 48.

Bloomer, H. G., 47, 69.

Bolander, H. N., 50, 51, 69, 70, 72.

Bonar, L., 75.

Bowman, M. C., 57.

Boyd, L. A., 97.

Bracelin, Mrs. H. P., 94, 96, 98.

Brand, A., 90.

Brandegee, Mr. and Mrs., 85.

Brandegee, Mrs. M. K. L. C., 55, 58,
59.

Brandegee, Mrs., see also Mrs.
Curran.

Brandegee, T. S., 53, 55, 58, 59, 71,
72, 74.

Brewer, W. H., 45, 49.

Bryant, W. E., 56, 74.

Burbank, L., 66.

Byxbee, E. S., 73.

Campbell, D. H., 72, 73, 76.

Campbell, Mrs. M. L., 94.

Cannon, E., 57, 91.

Cannon, W. A., 73.

Cantelow, E. D. (Mrs. H. C.), 57, 91.

Carruth, W. W., 91.

Glark, EB. 75:

Clayton, J., 69.

Cleveland, D., 56.

Cockerell, T. D. A., 94.

Cogniaux, A., 73.

Cooke, M. C., 71.

Cooper, J. G., 49.

Crocker, T., 101.

Curran, M. K.., 54, 71, 72.

Darbishire, O. V., 75.

Davidson, G., 44, 48, 55.

Derby, G. H., 49.

Drury, A., 64.
Dudley, C., 94.
Dudley, W. R., 73.
Durant, H., 52.
Eastwood, A., 56-69, 73, 75-77, 80-91,
94, 95, 97, 99, 101, 102.
Eichorn, Mrs. S. B., 98.
Eisen, G. A., 53, 56.
Ellis, J. B., 72.
Engelmann, W., 86.
Evans, A. W., 76.
Ewan, J., 76.
Eyerdam, W. J., 97.
Farquhar, F. P., 51.
Farris, C., 44.
Ferris, Mrs. R. S., 94.
Follett, W. I., 94.
Gardner, N. L., 74, 75.
Gibbes, C. D., 69.
Gibbons, H., 44.
Gibbons, W. P., 45, 50.
Goodridge, J., 46.
Goodspeed, T. H., 76.
Gray, A., 51, 71.
Greene, E. L., 45, 53, 71, 72, 90.
Grinnell, J., 76.
Gunnison, Capt., 50.
Haines, C., 56.
Haley, G., 97.
Hall, H. M., 76.
Hammerly, B., 97.
Hanna, G. D., 75, 94, 98.
Harford, W. G. W., 44, 48, 54, 55.
Harkness, H. W., 71-73.
Harte, B., 52.
Hasse, H. E., 56.
Head, A., 93.
Heermann, A. L., 48.
Heller, A. A., 90.
Henry, J. K., 94.
Herrin, W. F., 86, 94.
Hitchcock, A. S., 75.
Hoover, R. F., 93.
Howe, M. A., 75.
Howell, J. T., 63, 65, 66, 68, 75-77, 81,
97, 98, 102.
Hubby, F. W., 91.
Hultén, E., 97.
Hume, J. N., 69.
iavint, G) E57.
Huntington, C. P., 52.

103

Hus, H. T., 73.

Jepson, W. L., 54, 60.

Johnston, E., 97.

Johnston, I. M., 74, 75, 98.

Jones, G. N., 97.

Jones, M. E., 55, 73.

Jussel, M. S., 94.

Karg, Mrs. K. H., 86.

Kearney, T. H., 78, 89, 95.

Keck, D. D., 76, 94.

Kehrlein, O., 93.

Kellogg, A., 44-46, 50, 51, 53, 58,
69-72, 101.

Kelly, Mrs. J. W., 94.

Kerr, M., 93.

Kincaid, M. W., 56.

Kleeberger, G. R., 91.

Koch, L. F., 94.

Kumlein, L., 53.

Kusche, J. A., 94.

Lansdale, Mrs. P. V. H., 63.

Lawson, A. A., 73.

LeConte, J., 54, 72.

Leschke, H., 94, 95.

Lesquereux, L., 51.

Lick, J., 47, 56, 100.

Linder, D. H., 75.

Linsdale, J. M., 92.

Linsdale, M. A., 92.

Lovegrove, E. Z. (Mrs. W. R.), 94.

Lyon, G. S., 94.

MacFadden, Mrs. F. A., 94.

Manning, A. M., 56.

Marchand, Dr. and Mrs., 74.

Mason, H. L., 75, 76, 97, 98.

McClintock, E., 69, 76, 81-83, 96, 97.

McDonald, J. M., 45.
McLaren, J., 62.
McMinn, H. E., 76.
Meinecke, E. P., 94.
Merriam, C. H., 94.
Merrill, G. P., 50.
Mexia, Y., 97.

Michael, E. (Mrs. C. E.), 94.
Michelbacher, A. E., 97.
Millspaugh, C. F., 72.
Murmyz, P. A., 76.
Nevins, T. J., 43.
Newberry, J. S., 48.
Noldeke, A., 94.
Norris, W. H., 98.
Nott, C. P., 73.
Oosting, H. J., 97.
Osterhout, W. J. V., 73.
Parish, S. B., 56, 73.
Parry, C. C., 72.
Parsons, M. E., 56.
Payne, F., 94.

Peirce, G. J., 73, 76.
Peirson, F. W., 94.

Pettibone, N., 91.
Phillips, W., 71.
Plowright, C. B., 72.
Pollard, H. M., 91, 93.
Porsild, M. P., 97.
Porter, KR. 612

Prager, A., 96.

Purdy, C., 56, 73, 94.
Putnam, S. O., 50.
Quick, C. R., 93.
Randall, A., 43, 69.
Raven, P., 78, 93, 95.
Ripley, H. D., 92.
Rixford, E., 86.
Rixford, G. P., 56, 94.
Robinson, B. L., 90.
Rose, L. S., 78, 91, 94.
Ross, E. S., 97.
Rowntree, L., 94.
Rubtzoff, P., 78, 94, 95.
St. John, H., 76.
Sargent, C. S., 61, 66.
Saunders, D. A., 73.
Setchell, W. A., 55, 73-76.
Sharsmith, C. W., 94.
Skotsberg, C., 98.
Slevin, J. R., 75, 100.
Sloat, L. W., 43.

Smith, G. M., 76.
Smith, L. E., 94.
Smith, M., 97.

Sonne, C. F., 56.
Stacey, J. W., 78, 95.
Stearns, R. E. C., 52.
Stebbins, G. L., 76, 94.
Steene, W. J., 69.
Stewart, A., 74, 98.
Stitzenberger, Dr., 73.
Stone, Dr., 43.

Sutliffe, D. (Mrs. E. C.), 57, 86, 93, 94.
Svenson, H. K., 75.
Swan, J. G., 70.
Swarth, H., 97.

Taylor, Mrs. W. H., 86.
Trask, J. B.,.44:
Trelease, W., 72.

Vahl, J., 97.

Van Dyke, E. C., 94.
Veatch, J. A., 44, 46, 69, 70.
Wallace, A. R., 65.
Wallace, W. A., 69.
Walther, E., 76, 78, 82, 83, 96, 101.
Weston, E. R., 94.
Whitney, J. D., 49, 52, 54.
Wiggins, I. L., 76.
Winblad, Y. W., 94.
Wolf, C. B., 63, 76.
Wolle, F., 72.

Worn, I., 63.

Wright, C., 46.

104

‘punjuapung apiyy &q ydvasojoyd Joiuap
‘eqG] UT ‘OosPULIY URg “YIN aVO Uaploy Ur sadUa!9g Jo AWapLIY LIUIO;I[LD IY} JO sourpyIng wWnhasntu sy], “| Weld

a Series Sag erste em =o fi " eS as sti

4
.
;
i
>

pers

- rmrrisS opr ee ee ee ~~ eo
yy ~<{ ‘aad ‘ie. - i] 4 5 4
7 —t st 4 _~ ~ Cis £ Seis awd § —-~_ i hee

Plate 2. The old First Congregational Church building which housed the

Academy from 1874 to 1891 after the church had moved to a newer edifice.
Contemporary print, from the files of the Society of California Pioneers.

I a a

—————e Oh qe
WW, Wa
—— qlilg :
ROSIE sal IG oY SERS 3 wely \*
SRST AS A Ws : | \
1 x :
17 y ry
lm uF om R 4 cor =
by i = :
ae A We | |

Aw
ps

y
\

41s we 4 2 AS q \\ \ ‘|
arlene || | le
: a ie
TLL hn
ja
| |
ul

Aas

[F SSI, ae a

The California Academy of Sciences, San Franctsco.

office and museum building on Market

Plate 3. The Academy’s combined

es Lick.

bequest of Jam

Street, the princely
From the California Illustrated Magazine,

January, 1893.

~, Ss SE Vo ot
tf] Tela as oe EE

= _———
\

————" + i mS 7
ail
fe

ee Gi
wns
| .

COT

Upper Floor, devoted to Library, Curator’s Rooms, etc,, showing Court.

Plate 4. The sixth floor gallery of the Academy’s Market Street museum; the
doors on the right open into the Department of Botany.
From the California Illustrated Magazine, January, 1893.

-
Ck Ce “ZZ 22 St po
A eee tte ge | be Lila

TL ae Pfr gin ae. we . LA Eo ie ae :
: ee

Plate 5. Viola purpurea: Albert Kellogg’s 1855 water color of his new species,
“of Placerville.”
From a photograph of the original in the Academy’s Department of Botany.

‘OJUaUDAIvE “YOH ‘q Sumy kq ydvisojoyd
‘S461 ‘61 A[nf{ uo ysap aay Iv pooMisey ddI Vy “9 1°] d

‘Dpapsp o1ysoy &q ydvisojoyg
Wed Te) UIP[OD JO Suapsesy [eotuLjog puw wnjosoqiy Burqd.4g ay} Ur JUaUMUOL UONLIIpap aU], *f aed

gNacuYD 3S3HL : NOLLYRD 4H TialssOd
1vN ALSOWINIO GULLS -O11dNd
WOWM ONIGARIS JNDUH GNY NV¥ILSIQHD

eee,

OL TYMOWIW ONTATT ¥ WY. SNGd‘YO

Plate 8, fig. 1. Templeton Crocker’s yacht Zaca in Academy Bay, Galapagos
Islands, May, 1932.
Photograph by Toshio Asaeda.

Plate 8, fig. 2. An Eastwood and Howell expedition in the field: Monument
Valley on the Arizona-Utah line, September 14, 1938.
Photograph by J. T. Howell.

~ LEAFLETS
of
WESTERN BOTANY

CONTENTS
PAGE
Pore che tora of Oregon. tc olka aed ¢ EOS
WILLIAM H. BAKER

Hasseanthus, a Subgenus of Dudleya . . . . . . 110
Rem Moran ’

A New Ceanothus from San Luis Obispo County,
NIMMREEMNIRTAN oe scleral Mia) A827 alal Gh Atha eae ea Re: eke

RosBertT F. HOOVER

SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA
\ DECEMBER 3, 1953

LEAFLETS
of
WESTERN BOTANY

Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco 18.

Cited as

LEAFL. WEsT. Bort.

Owned and published by

Joun THomMAs HOWELL

DECEMBER, 1953] FLORA OF OREGON 105

NOTES ON THE FLORA OF OREGON
BY WILLIAM H. BAKER
University of Idaho, Moscow

Since the last report on plant records for Oregon(2), the fol-
lowing represent the author’s collections which are either new to
the state or are extensions in range of sufficient interest to war-
rant further discussion. All of the specimens are deposited in
the Herbarium of the University of Idaho or remain in the per-
sonal herbarium of the author. Duplicates have been distributed
as indicated. For assistance in making determinations, apprecia-
tion is expressed to the following specialists: Dr. Lincoln Con-
stance, Dr. Arthur Cronquist, Dr. F. J. Hermann, Mr. John
Thomas Howell, Prof. Morton E. Peck, and Mr. J. R. Swallen.

AGROSTIS VARIABILIS Rydb. Dry hillside, north of headquarters,
Crater Lake National Park, Cascade Mountains (6476 feet),
Klamath County, No. 6413 (US). Duplicate identified by J. R.
Swallen. This plant has a wide distribution along rocky creek
banks and on mountain slopes from British Columbia to Cali-
fornia and eastward through Idaho, Nevada, Utah, and Colo-
rado. It has been apparently confused with A. Rossae Vasey in
the floras covering our area.

Cyperus Eracrostis Lamk. Roadside ditch at Cherry Flat (W.
A. Cochran place), 4 miles north of Agness, Curry County, No.
4614; along the shores of the Rogue River at Cherry Flat, same
locality, No. 4679. To our knowledge this is the first record of
the plant from Curry County. John Thomas Howell(5) lists it
from Marin County, California. This is a widespread species
extending from California southward as far as western South
America. It is of local distribution in our area and may be in-
troduced.

Carex 1nops Mkze. Dry open woods, Sand Ridge, along Lake
Mountain Trail, Oregon Caves National Monument, Siskiyou
Mountains, Josephine County, Baker & Ruhle No. 885 (CAS).
The presence of this plant in the Siskiyou Mountains of Ore-
gon is noted here because its chief distribution is in the Cascade
Mountains and eastward. It has been reported as far south as
the Siskiyou Mountains of California.

JuUNcUs MARGINATUS Rostk. Wet ground edge of Fern Ridge
Reservoir, No. 2415; roadside near Fern Ridge Reservoir, about
8 miles west of Eugene, Lane County, No. 2385. F. J. Hermann

Leaflets of Western Botany, Vol. VII, pp. 105-112, December 3, 1953.

106 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY __ [VOL. VII., NO. 4

(personal correspondence) regards this station for J. marginatus
in Oregon as quite a novelty, as it is so far northwest of any other
record of this species. The westernmost previously known limit
for it has been from Nebraska and Kansas to Texas. He suggests
that presumably it may have been accidentally introduced at
Fern Ridge.

Juncus xipHiomeEs E. Mey. Along the edge of Willamette
Highway, summit of Pengra Pass (5281 feet), Cascade Moun-
tains, Klamath County, No. 2358; moist banks at Vidae Falls,
Crater Lake National Park, Cascade Mountains, Klamath
County, No.7107. Duplicate identified by F. J. Hermann. Peck(6)
records this plant as occurring along the lower Umatilla River
in northeastern Oregon and southward to Arizona and Lower
California. Our two collections are intermediate stations for the
plant in the Cascade Mountains which help to indicate its dis-
tribution. It is found but sparingly in Oregon.

ALLIUM ANCEPS Kell. Dry situations 10 miles southeast of
Princeton, Harney County, No. 1672. This plant has been pre-
viously collected by Peck(7) in Malheur County and by Leach in
Lake County. Our record for Harney County completes its oc-
currence in southeastern Oregon counties and fills in the gap
in distribution of a species which has only been collected a few
times in Oregon. It had long been considered to be limited to
the eastern base of the Sierra Nevada.

CLEOMELLA Hit_MANI A. Nels. Clay hillside above Trout
Creek, Trout Creek Mountains, southeastern Harney County,
No. 1745. Peck(7) has collected this species in the Sucker Creek
country and about Adrian and Rome in Malheur County. Our
record is believed to be the first for Harney County. It increases
the Oregon range of this rare species considerably. The distribu-
tion, as hitherto known, was limited to northwestern Nevada.
The type was obtained at Reno, Nevada.

CERCOCARPUS LEDIFOLIUS Nutt. Dry, rocky summit of Sugar-
loaf Peak, Siskiyou Mountains, Josephine County, Baker &
Ruhle No. 848. Benson(3) lists this species from Steve Peak and
the author has noted it on Whiskey Peak in the same general
vicinity. Although it occurs widely in the Rocky Mountains and
as far northwest as southeastern Washington, the species seems
to be of very local distribution in the Cascade and Siskiyou
mountains of Oregon.

POTENTILLA FRUTICOSA L. Moist grassy meadow on the north

DECEMBER, 1953] FLORA OF OREGON 107

side of Grayback Mountain, Siskiyou Mountains, Josephine
County, Baker & Ruhle No. 923. A fairly common species in the
Blue Mountains and in eastern Oregon. Apparently the first
record for the Siskiyou Mountains of Oregon. Benson(3) reports
its occurrence in the Siskiyou Mountains of California and
states that it will probably be found in southwestern Oregon.
Of wide distribution from Alaska to Labrador south to Califor-
nia, New Mexico, and New Jersey. It also occurs in Europe and
Asia. Oftentimes it is an indicator of overgrazing on some range
lands of the western United States.

ASTRAGALUS MALACUS T. & G. Dry sandy soil, along roadside,
5 miles north of Andrews, Harney County, No. 1719. This spe-
cies has been collected once before in Oregon, also from Harney
County. It should be looked for in other southeastern counties,
when a thorough investigation of these areas is undertaken. It
occurs as well in Idaho, Nevada, and California.

‘TRIFOLIUM ERIOCEPHALUM Nutt. var. Prperi Martin. Edge of
woods, Blue Mountains, about 22 miles north of Enterprise,
Wallowa County, No. 6046; moist open meadow at Flora Junc-
tion, Blue Mountains, Wallowa County, No. 6760; moist mead-
ow, near Sled Creek Ranger Station, Blue Mountains, about 20
miles north of Enterprise, Wallowa County, No. 6771 and 7672;
moist meadow along a stream about 28 miles north of Enter-
prise, Wallowa County, No. 7668. During the past several years
the writer has collected a nice series of this variety in the Blue
Mountains of Oregon and adjacent Washington. It is also known
from Idaho County, Idaho.

LomatiuM NELSONIANUM Macbr. Dry hillside along the Rogue
River, Rogue River Canyon, 5 miles east of Illahe, Curry Coun-
ty, No. 3610 (WSC, UC, CAS). Lincoln Constance (personal
correspondence) regards this as the only good collection of the
plant he has ever seen; the type is a mixture of this and L. dis-
sectum. It is certainly the least-collected species in the genus.

Asclepias cryptoceras Wats. var. Davisii (Woods.) W. H. Bak-
er, comb. nov. Asclepias Davisti Woods., Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard.
26:261(1939). Dry sandy slope in the canyon of the Imnaha
River, at Imnaha, Wallowa County, No. 9038. This collection
has well-developed fruits. Reported previously by Peck(7) from
Malheur and Baker counties. Woodson(8) records it from Grant
County. Our station in Wallowa County completes its exten-
sion northward in Oregon. Its general distribution includes

108 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY __ [VOL. VII., NO. 4

eastern Oregon and southwestern Idaho. Asclepias Davisii was
considered by Dr. R. E. Woodson to differ from A. cryptoceras
in having larger flowers and corona-hoods more abruptly apicu-
late and somewhat shorter than the anthers (while in the latter
they are considerably longer). Upon examination there seems
to be some variation in the length of the corona-hoods and size
of flower from specimen to specimen. All the material from
Oregon has the abruptly apiculate corona-hoods. Since the simi-
larities in appearance and distribution indicate a close relation-
ship of the two entities, it is thought best to consider them as
parts of a single species.

PHACELIA CORYMBOSA Jepson. Open rocky slopes, along the
Big Tree Trail, Oregon Caves National Monument, Siskiyou
Mountains, Josephine County, Baker & Ruhle No. 201; open
dry hillside along the Marial-Illahe trail, Rogue River Canyon,
at Clay Hill on Rogue River, Curry County, No. 3878 and 4390;
dry open hillside, south slope of Iron Mountain, Curry County,
No. 5645. The last is the most northern locality record the au-
thor has seen to date, being several miles north of the Rogue
River. The plant is restricted to the Klamath-Siskiyou region of
southwestern Oregon and northern California and, according
to J. T. Howell (personal communication), to the northern
Sierra Nevada of California.

PHACELIA FRIGIDA Greene. Dry pumice slopes, near summit
of Lao Rock (8100 feet), No. 6255; dry pumice slopes, inside the
rim near the summit of the Devil’s Backbone, No. 6238; Cloud
Cap, No. 2568, Crater Lake National Park, Cascade Mountains,
Klamath County. Ranges from Crater Lake in the Cascade
Mountains southward to the southern Sierra Nevada.

PHACELIA MUTABILIS Greene. Edge of open woods, Munson
Meadow below headquarters, Crater Lake National Park, Cas-
cade Mountains, Klamath County, No. 6155 (UC, UW, CAS,
WSC, NY). Duplicate identified by Lincoln Constance. Addi-
tional collections have been made in the same locality at Vidae
Falls, No. 2532, and along the trail down to Crater Lake, No.
1973. It has a distribution from Mount Rainier to California.
Apparently previous collections of the plant in Oregon have
often been confused with other species of Phacelia.

CASTILLEJA PAYNEAE Eastw. Dry pumice soil, edge of Munson
Meadow below headquarters, Crater Lake National Park, Cas-
cade mountains, Klamath County, No. 6143 (NY, UW, CAS,

DECEMBER, 1953] FLORA OF OREGON 109

WSC, UC). One of the commonest species in the park, abundant
on all dry pumice slopes. It is found from the Three Sisters area
in Oregon southward to Mount Lassen in California.

CENTAUREA PRATENSIS Thuill. Common along the roadside to
Oregon Caves National Monument just east of Cave Junction,
Josephine County, No. 6119 (NY, CAS, WSC, UC). Identified
by J. T. Howell who notes that this plant is a derivative of the
complex resulting from the hybridization of C. Jacea L. and C.
nigra L. It was first known in western Europe but is now rather
widespread in the United States and southern Canada.

ACHILLEA MILLEFOLIUM L. var ALPICOLA (Rydb.) Garrett. Dry
inner slopes of the caldera at Cloud Cap (8000 feet), Crater Lake
National Park, Cascade Mountains, No. 6291. A depauperate
variety 1 to 4 dm. tall with margins of the involucral bracts
dark brown to blackish. Found only on dry pumice slopes in this
area. Of local distribution from moderate to high elevations in
the mountains.

ARNICA NEVADENSIS Gray. West slope of Hillman Peak (8000
feet), No. 6401; Wizard Island, along rim of the crater, No. 6387;
Garfield Peak, growing under Tsuga Mertensiana near the
summit (8000 feet), No. 6184. All of the above numbers were ob-
tained at Crater Lake National Park, Cascade Mountains, Klam-
ath County. Another collection of this plant was made at the
summit of Bohemia Mountain, Calapooya Range, Lane County
(5967 feet), No. 5573. Identified by Arthur Cronquist. This spe-
cies apparently ranges from the Olympics and Cascades of Wash-
ington to the Sierra Nevada of California and Nevada. In Cali-
fornia, it is recorded by Jepson(4) as montane, 5000 to 7600 feet,
from Inyo and Mariposa counties to Modoc County. Our col-
lection from the Calapooya Mountains, southeastern Lane
County, western Oregon, is an outlying colony which extends
its known range.

ARNICA SPATHULATA Greene. East slope of Iron Mountain near
the summit, Rogue River Mountains, southeastern corner of
Coos County, No. 3185. Identified by Arthur Cronquist. Our
station in Coos County appears to be the most northern record
collected to date.

ANTENNARIA UMBRINELLA Rydb. Reflection Point, No. 2556;
Munson Meadow below headquarters, Crater Lake National
Park, Cascade Mountains, Klamath County, No. 6142. Resem-
bles A. alpina var. media from which it differs by having blunter

110 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY __ [VOL. VII., NO. 4

involucral bracts and the base of the plants often more woody.

It is often associated with the latter in the park. Local at high

elevations in the Cascades and widely distributed in western

mountains. Its occurrence in Oregon is not mentioned in any

of the works dealing with the flora of the state.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. ABRAMS, LERoy. An Illustrated Flora of the Pacific States. Vol. III. Stan-
ford Univ. Press. 1923.

2. BAKER, WILLIAM H. Plant Records from Curry County, Oregon. Leafl.
West. Bot. 6(4): 82-84 (1950).

3. Benson, G. T. The Trees and Shrubs of Western Oregon. Contr. Dudley
Herb. Stanford Univ. vol. 2 (1930).

4, Jepson, W. L. A Manual of the Flowering Plants of California. Associated
Students Store, Berkeley. 1923-1925.

5. HOWELL, JOHN THomas. Marin Flora. Manual of the Flowering Plants and
Ferns of Marin County, California. Univ. of California Press. 1949.

6. Peck, Morton E. A Manual of the Higher Plants of Oregon. Binfords
and Mort. 1941.

7.——. Some Interesting Plants of Malheur County, Oregon. Leafl. West.
Bot. 4(7): 177-186 (1945).

8. Woopson, R. E. Two New Asclepiads from the Western United States.
Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 26:261-264 (1939).

HASSEANTHUS, A SUBGENUS OF DUDLEYA

BY REID MORAN
A cytotaxonomic study* has shown that Dudleya and Has-
seanthus are closely related. Hasseanthus is now transferred to
Dudleya, as follows:
Dudleya subgenus Hasseanthus (Rose) Moran, stat. nov.
Hasseanthus Rose in Britton & Rose, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 3:37 (1903).
Dudleya Blochmaniae (Eastwood) Moran, comb. nov.
Sedum Blochmanae Eastwood, Proc. Calif. Acad. II, 6:422 (1896).
Dudleya Blochmaniae subsp. brevifolia Moran, comb. nov.
Hasseanthus Blochmaniae subsp. brevifolius Moran, Desert Pl. Life 22:80
(1950). .
Dudleya Blochmaniae subsp. insularis Moran, comb. nov.
Hasseanthus Blochmaniae subsp. insularis Moran, Desert Pl. Life 22:78
(1950).
Dudleya multicaulis (Rose) Moran, comb. nov.
Hasseanthus multicaulis Rose in Britton & Rose, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard.
3:38 (1903); H. elongatus Rose but not Dudleya elongata Rose.
Dudleya nesiotica Moran, comb. nov.
Hasseanthus nesioticus Moran, Desert Pl. Life 22:99 (1951).
Dudleya variegata (Watson) Moran, comb. nov.
Sedum variegatum Watson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 11:137 (1876).

*Charles H. Uhl and Reid Moran. The Cytotaxonomy of Dudleya and Hasseanthus. Amer.
Jour. Bot. 40:492-502 (1953).

DECEMBER, 1953] A NEW CEANOTHUS 111

A NEW CEANOTHUS FROM SAN LUIS OBISPO
COUNTY, CALIFORNIA

BY ROBERT F. HOOVER
California State Polytechnic College, San Luis Obispo

Ceanothus maritimus Hoover, spec. nov. Frutex prostratus late tegeticu-
latus caulibus ramosis rigidis crassis usque ad 1 m. longis; foliis oppositis,
stipulis parvis suberosis, petiolis 1-2 mm. longis, laminis anguste vel late
oblongis vel obovatis interdum latioribus quam longioribus, 8-20 mm. longis,
5-17 mm. latis, glabris nitentibus atrovirentibus supra, subter albo-tomento-
sis, margine perrevolutis integris vel 1-3 dentibus utrinque praeditis, apice
mucronatis truncatis emarginatis obcordatisve; floribus pallide vel valde
caeruleis; capsula appendicibus 3 erectis brevibus ornata.

Stems rigid, stout, prostrate, branching, up to 1 meter long, forming
extensive mats; leaves opposite; stipules small, of corky texture; petioles
1-2 mm. long; blades varying from narrowly to broadly obovate or oblong
or even broader than long, mucronate, truncate, emarginate, or obcordate
at apex, 8-20 mm. long, 5-17 mm. wide, dark glossy green and glabrous
above, white-tomentose beneath (often darkened by a mold), the margins
distinctly revolute, with one to three teeth on each side or entire; flowers
light to deep blue; capsule with 3 short erect appendages (“horns”).

Originals of all collections except the last following are in the
herbarium of California State Polytechnic College, San Luis
Obispo, California. All localities mentioned are in San Luis
Obispo County, California: 1.8 miles north of Arroyo de la
Cruz on State Highway No. 1, January 24, 1948, Hoover 7411
(type, in flower), April 14, 1948, 7448 (in fruit), May 16, 1948,
7529 (in flower); mouth of Arroyo de la Cruz (just south of, on
hilltop), January 15, 1950, Hoover 7759 (in flower), March 5,
1950, 7767 (in flower); San Simeon, K. Brandegee in 1889 (Uni-
versity of California Herbarium). Recent search in the immedi-
ate vicinity of San Simeon has failed to disclose this species.
Mrs. Brandegee may have made her collection from one of the
two presently known colonies and given the nearest town as the
locality — a common practice of the nineteenth-century (and of
some contemporary) collectors.

At the first locality cited above, the plants grew on an ocean
bluff with no other Ceanothus adjacent except typical C. thyrsi-
florus Esch. At the second locality a remarkable association of
low-growing shrubs was present, including another prostrate
Ceanothus apparently referable to C. dentatus T. & G., a strictly
prostrate form of Arctostaphylos Hookeri Don, and low mound-
like clumps of a manzanita which resembles the description of
Arctostaphylos Andersonii Gray var. pajaroensis Adams.1

1. Published by McMinn, Illustrated Manual of California Shrubs, p. 418.

LZ LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY __ [VOL. VII., NO. 4

The Brandegee collection was described by McMinn (Ceano-
thus, p. 232) is minor variation 1 of Ceanothus crassifolius
Torr. The specimen lacks flowers and is accompanied by no
notes as to flower color or manner of growth. The prostrate
stems and blue flowers which are now found to characterize
C. maritimus seem adequate to separate it from all forms of
C. crassifolius. The leaves of C. maritimus are quite variable,
even on the same branch, but are prevailingly smaller than those
of C. crassifolius (as noted by McMinn in the reference cited), as
well as being more often entire and frequently broader in pro-
portion to length.

Merely as a speculation, it may be suggested that C. maritimus
originated as a hybrid between C. crassifolius and some blue-
flowered species of northern origin (such, for example, as C.
gloriosus J. T. Howell). Credibility is given to this suggestion
by the occurrence close by of Baeria macrantha Gray, a species
otherwise unknown south of Marin County, and by the fact that
at least two other plants of northern distribution, Calochortus
uniflorus H. & A. and Godetia amoena (Lehm.) Lilja, reach their
southern limit in the same vicinity. Consideration of the nu-
merous species reaching their southern limit elsewhere in north-
western San Luis Obispo County would make the relationship of
C. maritimus to some northern form seem even more probable.
Genetic experiments on this group of species should be under-
taken by those having facilities for such work. In the meantime,
it is clear that C. maritimus, whatever its origin, is well stabilized
genetically. No other form of the subgenus Cerastes occurs near
it, and there is no indication of hybridization now taking place.
Ceanothus maritimus may therefore be a relic persisting from a
time when the two species suggested above as parents ranged
more widely along the coast and even possibly grew together,
though now they are separated by more than three hundred
miles.

This species should be a desirable one in cultivation where
a prostrate blue-flowered shrub is desired. Probably it will thrive
in warmer climates than will other species of similar appearance.
Shrubs transplanted to San Luis Obispo, where high tempera-
tures are much more frequent than in its native habitat, have
done well.

Vol. VII No. 5

LEAFLETS
7] ee
WESTERN BOTANY

CONTENTS

PAGE
Notes on Western Antirrhineae . 113
WERNER ROTHMALER
Notes on Malvaceae V 118
THomaAs H. KEARNEY
A Tentative Key to the North American Species
122

of Pavonia, Cav. .
THomas H. KEARNEY

ie SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA

FEBRUARY 19, 1954

- J

2526 855

FEBRUARY, 1954] |= WESTERN ANTIRRHINEAE 113

NOTES ON WESTERN ANTIRRHINEAE

BY WERNER ROTHMALER
Greifswald, Germany

In preparing a monograph of the genus Antirrhinum I have
‘been able to base my work on the excellent studies of Munz
(1926), but, considering the whole genus in the world, I also
have had to revise the American species. I found that there are
some deficiencies in the study of the American material. First I
will indicate the items not sufficiently mentioned in the studies
and herbaria of America.

The European student of western material will first observe
that the indications about habitat and ecology are very rare
and insufficient, and the same must be said about the geo-
graphic notes on site, soil, altitude, and plant communities.
Labels containing only the name of a small town without the
indication of district or state, with the date of collection and
perhaps the name of the collector are frequent. Because of this
lack of data, a monographer finds it very difficult to make a
profound study: and this precisely in California, the land with
the most important tradition of ecology in the world.

Modern taxonomic study needs these data for good work. New
methods and investigations of morphologic-geographic relations
cannot be pursued, while maps of isoporic lines (E. Hofmann,
1873; Rothmaler, 1938) and isopsepheric lines (Rothmaler,
1938) are often impossible to construct. It must also be said here
that the floristic study of California and the adjacent lands must
be intensified, as some authors have done, e.g., in the genera
Delphinium or Quercus.

Especially in Antirrhinum have data been ignored about the
biology of the American species, matters that are better known
in European material. About many species we do not know
whether they are annual, biennial, or perennial. The time of
flowering is not indicated in the revision of Munz. About the
visitors (insects) that pollinate the flowers I have found no indi-
cation. Nothing is known about the fertility, whereas European
species are known as self-sterile in the major part. Some Ameri-
can species of Antirrhinum also seem to be self-sterile, others
doubtlessly are self-fertile, and a few are certainly autogamous
or cleistogamous. There are no indications at all about the
chromosome numbers of the American species.

Leaflets of Western Botany, Vol. VII, pp. 113-132, February 19, 1954.

114 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. VII, NO. 5

It is easy to find that even in this genus there is much room
for exploration and important study. With the few notes and
the material sent to me through the kindness of J. T. Howell
and of the New York Botanical Garden I find it necessary to
make some observations, partly published, partly unedited,
about the Antirrhineae. In 1934 I proposed to modify the sys-
tem of this group respecting the American species in the follow-
ing manner:

Scrophulariaceae-Antirrhinoideae-Antirrhineae

1. Subtribe MAURANDYINAE Rothm.
RHODOCHITON Zucc.
R. atrosanguineum (Zucc.) Rothm.
LoPHOSPERMUM D. Don
L erectum (Hemsley) Rothm. (Maurandia erecta Hemsley)
L. scandens D. Don (Maurandia Lophospermum Bailey)
L. erubescens D. Don
L. Purpusii (Brandegee) Rothm. (Maurandia Purpusii Brandegee)
EPrxIPHIUM (Engelm.) Munz
E. Wislizeni (Engelm.) Munz
MAURANDYA Ortega
. scandens (Cav.) Pers. (M. semperflorens Ortega)
. Barclaiana Lindl.
. acerifolia Pennell
. geniculata Rob. & Fern.
Rosei Munz
. flaviflora Johnst.
. petrophila Brandegee
MAURANDELLA (A. Gray) Rothm.
M. antirrhiniflora (HBK.) Rothm. (Antirrhinum maurandioides
A. Gray)
M. hederaefolia Rothm.
2. Subtribe GAMBELIINAE Rothm.
GALVEZIA Domb.
G. fruticosa Gmel.
G. Ballii Munz
SACCULARIA Kellogg
S. juncea (Benth.) Rothm. (S. Veatchii Kell.)
S. glabrata (Brandegee) Rothm.
S. rupicola (Brandegee) Rothm.
GAMBELIA Nutt.
G. speciosa Nutt.
3. Subtribe LINARIINAE Rothm.
CyMBALARIA Hill
C. muralis G. M. Sch. (Antirrhinum Cymbalaria L.)
Kickx1A Dum. (1827). Tursitis Raf. (1840); Elatinoides Wettst. (1891)
K. spuria (L.) Dum.
K. Elatine (L.) Dum.

a eee ee

FEBRUARY, 1954] © WESTERN ANTIRRHINEAE 115

LinariA Mill.
. canadensis (L.) Dum.
. foridana Chapman
. repens (L.) Mill.
. sepium J. G. Allm.
vulgaris Mill.
. pinifolia (Poiret) Munz
. purpurea (L.) Mill.
. spartea Link & Hoffgg.
. dalmatica (L.) Mill.
. genistifolia (L.) Mill.
CHAENORRHINUM Lange
C. minus (L.) Lange
ANTIRRHINUM L.,
(The species see below.)
HOWELLIELLA Rothm.
(The species see below.)
NEOGAERRHINUM Rothm.
N. strictum (Hook. & Arn.) Rothm. (Maurandia stricta Hook. & Arn.;
Antirrhinum strictum A. Gray, non Sibth. & Sm.)
N. filipes (A. Gray) Rothm. (Antirrhinum filipes A. Gray)
PsEUDORONTIUM (A. Gray) Rothm.
P. cyathiferum (Benth.) Rothm. (Antirrhinum chytrospermum A.
Gray)
MISOPATES Raf.
M. Orontium (L.) Raf. (Antirrhinum Orontium L.)
4. Subtribe MOHAVEINAE Rothm.
Mounavea A. Gray
M. confertiflora (Benth.) Heller (M. viscida A. Gray)
M. breviflora Coville

Sewell a le ce Ne ola teen!

THE GENUS HOWELLIELLA

Considering this system of the tribe and the relations of the
different genera of the world, I am obliged to publish a new
genus that is closely related to Antirrhinum sect. Saerorhinum.
But while the other genera of the subtribe Linariinae seem to
have originated from ancestors now much transformed or ex-
tinct, the ancestor of the new genus, I suppose, can be precised
in the series Axilliramulosa of this section Saerorhinum:

Howelliella Rothm., nov. gen. (Antirrhinum sect. Eastwoodiella Munz.)
Affinis gen. Antirrhini sect. Saerorhini ser. Axilliramulosis, a qua differt
corolla aperta (haud palato fauce clausa), tubo basi angusto, gibba saccata
fere calcarato, dein inflato ventricoso infra intraque lineis duabus longi-
tudinalibus gibboso-elevatis brunneis signato, labiis late apertis, superiore
lobulis duobus erectis, inferiore longiore lobulis tribus reflexis praedita.

Typus et species unica: Howelliella ovata (Eastw.) Rothm., nov. comb.
(Antirrhinum ovatum Eastw., Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 32: 213,—1905.)

Hab. California: San Luis Obispo County; Monterey County.

116 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. VII, NO. 5

The new monotypic genus is closely related to Antirrhinum
and only differs by the wide open corolla; with the little branch-
es in the axils of the leaves and the inequality of the sepals it
seems to be a species of Axilliramulosa. The characters of the
corolla are important in the whole tribe, so I am of the opinion
that this plant must be considered a genus by itself. I dedicate
this genus to John Thomas Howell, who studied specially this
species and who forwarded some seeds to me. Thus I was able
to become acquainted with this species. More data about the
unique species, H. ovata, first discovered in 1902 and rediscoy-
ered in 1948, will be found in Howell’s account, The rediscov-
ery of Antirrhinum ovatum, Leafl. West. Bot. 5:184, 185 (1949).

THE GENUS ANTIRRHINUM L. EMEND. ROTHM.

The genus Antirrhinum is composed of two sections, one of
which we find only in Europe (especially western Mediterra-
nean), the other exclusively in America.

Sect. ANTIRRHINASTRUM Chavannes. Two species of this Euro-
pean section are also observed subspontaneously in America:

ANTIRRHINUM TORTUOSUM Bosc. (A. montevidense Martius).
This species I saw from America only in f. glandulosum with
glandular inflorescence (while the typical f. tortwosum is always
glabrous). Antirrhinum tortuosum is akin to A. majus from
which it differs by linear and generally opposite leaves; also the
mostly larger, purple or white flowers are generally opposite.
The species, originally spontaneous in the southwestern Med-
iterranean Basin, was cultivated in Roman times and distributed
subspontaneously in the whole Mediterranean. By the Spanish
colonization of America, the plant was brought to the New
World. I have seen material from Chile, Uruguay, Brazil, and
Mexico (Uhde, B; Aschenborn, B; Queretaro, Arsene 10,520,
NY); also from Havana and Santiago de las Vegas, Cuba (Van
Hermann 846, 5154, NY); and from Florida (Cabanis, B).

ANTIRRHINUM MAJus L. em. Mill. In America this species is
cultivated and subspontaneous in its ssp. majus var. majus. The
leaves are lanceolate to ovato-lanceolate, and the upper ones, as
also the flowers, are generally alternate. The flowers are large,
purple in the wild forms in the Pyrenees Mts. and in the culti-
vated and subspontaneous forms, but frequently the latter are
also of different colors. This species was cultivated in medieval
times but was introduced to America probably much later than

FEBRUARY, 1954] WESTERN ANTIRRHINEAE 117

A. tortuosum. Today it seems to be the only cultivated species,
but is frequent in the United States.

Sect. SAERORHINUM A. Gray. The indigenous American species
of this genus form the section Saerorhinum differing from Antir-
rhinastrum (with longer upper and shorter lower lip) in the
notably longer lower lip with the middle lobe longer than the
lateral ones. These species are treated by Munz in his revision
and my own opinion does not essentially differ from that treat-
ment. Here I only want to note that the series Axilliramulosa
needs a more intensified study in the field.

Series AXILLIRAMULOSA A. Gray. This series is characterized
by the unequal sepals, the upper greater than the others, and by
the little lateral branches in the floriferous axils of the leaves.
The chorologically, ecologically, and morphologically character-
ized species of this series are: A. subcordatum A. Gray from the
interior of central California with large ovate or cordate-ovate
leaves and bracts; A. vexillo-calyculatum Kellogg (A. vagans A.
Gray) with lanceolate leaves and bracts from the littoral of
central California; 4. Brewer: A. Gray with fine and velutinous
pubescence and lanceolate or ovate leaves from Oregon, north-
ern California, and continental central California; and a new
species, A. Elmeri* Rothm., glabrous with linear leaves and
bracts from the southern littoral of central California.

In this series it may be possible to discover some new forms;
this will depend on profound field-work. The differences be-
tween the form of the leaves in A. vexillo-calyculatum and A.
subcordatum (very similar in their indumentum) need to be
confirmed in the field, but the other species, by indumentum
and by form of leaves, bracts, and sepals, are plainly limited
species.

I hope that these notes will promote a more intense study of
this group by the botanists of western America.

BIBLIOGRAPHY
HOFMANN, E. 1873. Isoporien der europdischen Tagfalter. Jena. (Diss.)
Munz, P. A. 1926. The Antirrhinoideae-Antirrhineae of the New World.
Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., ser. 4, 15: 323-397.
ROTHMALER, W. 1938. Systematik und Geographie der Subsektion Calycan-
thum der Gattung Alchemilla. Fedde’s Rep., Beih. 100: 59-93.
1943. Zur Gliederung der Antirrhineae. Fedde’s Rep. 52: 16-39.
1950. Allgemeine Taxonomie und Chorologie der Pflanzen. Jena (Gronau).

*Antirrhinum Elmeri Rothm., nov. spec. Caulis glaber. Bracteae et folia linearia, 1-2
(raro 4) mm. lata. Sepala lanceolata acuta, 4 mm. longa, postico oblongo obtuso, 8 mm. longo.

Typus: Contra Costa Co., Mt. Diablo, Elmer 4809 (B, CAS, W, NY), Co-typi: Santa
Clara Co., Loma Prieta, Elmer 4983 (B, NY); New Almaden, Torrey (NY).

118 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. VII, NO. 5

NOTES ON MALVACEAE V
BY THOMAS H. KEARNEY

Pavonia Rhizophorae Killip, spec. nov. Frutex usque ad 1.2 m. altus vel
fortasse aliquando arborescens; caulibus supra ramosis, breviter stellato-
pubescentibus mox glabrescentibus; foliis et pedunculis, atque involucellis,
calycibus, et petalis extrinsecus, parce et breviter stellato-pubescentibus;
petiolis quam lamina multo brevioribus; foliorum laminis lanceolatis, ovato-
lanceolatis, vel ellipticis, aliquando subobovatis, usque 14 cm. longis, basi
subcuneatis, apice gradatim vel abrupte acuminatis, parce dentatis vel
denticulatis, e basi 3-nervatis, crassiusculis, fere concoloribus; floribus in
racemis terminalibus elongatis dispositis, inferioribus paulo longe peduncu-
latis; pedunculis validis, non manifeste articulatis; involucello calyce
breviore, 5-8 phyllis composito, phyllis fere distinctis, lanceolatis, acutiuscu-
lis usque ad acuminatis, 6.5-10 mm. longis, basi 1.5-3 mm. latis; calyce
campanulato, intus subtiliter tomentoso, 10-15 mm. longo, fere ad medium
partito, lobis deltoideo-ovatis, acutis; corolla paulo anguste campanulata,
20-25 mm. longa, albo-viridi vel roseo-aurea; petalis erectis, convolutis, an-
guste obovatis, gradatim contractis in unguibus longiusculis, insigniter
plurivenosis; tubo stamineo et corolla subaequilongi, tubo valido, breviter
pubescente, filamenta pauca versus apicem gerente, antheris flavo-viridibus;
stigmatibus magnis, discoideis, concavis; carpellis anguste obovoideo-trigonis,
valde carinatis, paulo obscure transverso-rugosis, glabris vel glabriusculis,
fere 8 mm. longis, cuspidatis, cuspe valida, triangulare, usque ad fere 3 mm.
longa.

A shrub, up to 1.2 m. high, or perhaps sometimes arborescent; stems
branched above, shortly stellate-pubescent, soon glabrescent; leaves, pedun-
cles, and the outer surface of the involucel, calyx, and corolla sparsely and
shortly stellate-pubescent; petioles up to 4 as long as the leaf-blade, the
blades lanceolate, ovate-lanceolate, or elliptic, sometimes slightly obovate,
up to 14 cm. long, 44-%4 as wide as long, subcuneate at base, attenuate-acu-
minate or sometimes shortly and somewhat abruptly acuminate, sparingly
dentate or denticulate, 3-nerved from the base, thickish, nearly concolorous;
flowers in elongate terminal racemes, the lower flowers rather long-peduncu-
late, the peduncles stout, enlarged at apex, not evidently articulated, up to
2 cm. long; involucel about 34 as long as the calyx, composed of 5-8 bractlets,
these nearly distinct, lanceolate, acutish to acuminate, 1.5-3 mm. wide at
base; calyx campanulate, finely tomentose within, 10-15 mm. long at an-
thesis, cleft to about the middle, the lobes deltoid-ovate, acute; corolla
rather narrowly campanulate, 20-25 mm. long, greenish-white or pinkish-
yellow (collectors’ notes), the petals erect, convolute, narrowly obovate, grad-
ually contracted into a rather long claw, conspicuously many-veined; stamen-
column nearly or quite as long as the corolla, stout, shortly pubescent, the
relatively few filaments subapical, the anthers yellowish-green; stigmas
large, discoid, concave; carpels narrowly obovoid-trigonous, strongly cari-
nate, rather obscurely transverse-rugose, glabrous or nearly so, the body
about 8 mm. long, with a single stout, triangular, apical cusp up to nearly
3 mm. long and about 1 mm. wide at base, the dorsal keel of the carpel
extending to the base of the cusp, the latter probably splitting into 2 cusps
at full maturity, when the carpel seemingly dehisces along the ventral suture.

FEBRUARY, 1954] NOTES ON MALVACEAE Pg

Known only by the following collections in Colombia: De-
partamento E] Valle, Buenaventura Bay, Killip & Cuatrecasas
38834, U.S. Nat. Herb. No. 1856344, the type, isotype in Herb.
Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 380374; Killip 33007. Departamento Choco,
banks of Quebrada Togoroma, Killip & Cuatrecasas 39131.
Grows in coastal thickets and forests that are inundated at high
tide.

Pavonia Rhizophorae evidently is related to P. spicata Cav.,
and forms with it a very distinct group in Section Eupavonia.
The new species differs from P. spicata in its much narrower leaf-
blades, these contracted and subcuneate (not broad and shallow-
ly cordate) at base, and 3- (not 5—7-) nerved from the base. The
two species are also strikingly different in the carpels, those of
P. Rhizophorae having a single (finally splitting?) stout apical
cusp instead of the 3 apical crests of P. spicata. Also the involucel
is shorter, relative to the calyx, than is usual in P. spicata. Ap-
parently these are the only American species of Pavonia that
grow in association with mangroves.

PAVONIA ALBA Seem., Bot. Voy. Herald 81 (1853). Malache
panamensis Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 18:116 (1916).
Pavonia panamensis (Standley) Standley, Jour. Wash. Acad. Sci.
17:168 (1927).

Through the courtesy of the directors of the Royal Botanic
Gardens, Kew, and the U. S. National Herbarium, the type of
Pavonia alba (Seeman 90 in 1846) and that of Malache panamen-
sis (Standley 26846), both from Panama, were made available to
mie for comparison. They proved to be conspecific, the two type
specimens being so similar, in fact, that they could be taken for
duplicates of the same collection, were not the Seemann speci-
men so much older. This species, of Section Ewpavonia, is not-
able in having a smaller corolla than any other of the American
species of Pavonia, this being only 4—5 mm. long. The species is
unusual also, although not unique, in the white color of the
petals.

BoGENHARDIA vs. GAyoIEs. Ingr. Antonio Krapovickas has
brought to my attention the fact that there are two older names
—Herissantia Medik. (1789) and Bogenhardia Reichenb. (1841)
—for the small genus that has been known in recent years as
Gayoides, J. K. Small (1903).1 Herissantia was not effectively

1See Kearney, Thomas H. The American genera of Malvaceae. Amer. Mid]. Nat. 46:115

(1951). I am indebted to Mr. C. V. Morton and Dr. S. F. Blake for appraisal of the validity
of publication of the names Herissantia and Bogenhardia, respectively.

120 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. VII, NO. 5

published under the International Rules, Medikus having mere-
ly cited, as synonym, Sida crispa Cav. (sic), without a word of de-
scription. The name Bogenhardia, on the other hand, appears to
be valid. In pt. 1, p. 200 of his “Repertorium Herbarii sive No-
menclator Generum Plantarum,” Reichenbach stated merely
‘7636. Bogenhardia Rchb. Pulchra Sida crispa L.’’; but in pt. 2
of the same work, under the heading “Synonymorum Reducta,”
p. 48, he cited “Gayoides Endl. Bogenhardia Rchb.” Referring
to Endlicher’s “Genera Plantarum,” p. 986 (1839) we find, under
Bastardia, two sections described as follows:

qa. Abutiloides. Capsula haud inflata. Semen suspensum. Sida bivalvis Cav.
Dissst-o la. 2.

8. Gayoides. Capsula vesicularis. Semen adscendens. Sida crispa Linn. Cav.
Diss tees sts Ly Vk. Woon, 2.

This description of Gayoides (as a section), brief although it
is, with citation of a previously published specific name, would
seem to validate Reichenbach’s publication of the generic name
Bogenhardia. He made no specific combination, although “Bo-
genhardia crispa Reichb.” is listed in Index Kewensis as a
synonym of A. (Abutilon) crispum. I am therefore publishing
the appropriate combination, as follows:

Bogenhardia crispa (L.), comb. nov. Sida crispa L., Sp. Pl. 685
(1753). Abutilon crispum (as cryspum) Medik., Malvenfam. 29
(1787); Sweet, Hort. Brit. 1:53 (1826). Gayoides crispum Small,
Fl. S.E.U.S. 764 (1903). Pseudobastardia crispa Hassler, Bull.
Soc. Bot. Genéve, ser. 2, 1:211 (1909).

Sida Killipii nom. nov. S. ramosissima Killip & Cuatrecasas,
Rev. Acad. Colomb. 4:347 (1941), non (Presl) D. Dietr.?

This species is related to S. spinosa L., but differs in its pro-
fusely branched stems, much smaller leaves (less than 2 cm. long
and not more than 3 mm. wide), smaller flowers (calyx 3-4 mm.
long and the corolla not longer), and smaller fruits (carpels
about 2 mm. long). Also the filiform peduncles are longer than
is usual in S. spinosa, except in the Galapagos Islands, where a
form superficially somewhat similar to S. Killipii (S. tenuicaulis
Hook. f.) seems to be common. The flowers of S. Killipii are
relatively few and are strictly solitary, whereas, in S. spinosa,
some of them frequently occur in small axillary and terminal
glomerules.

2 Sida ramosissima D. Dietr. (1847) was based on Abutilon_ramosissimum Presl (1835),
which generally is regarded as synonymous with A. incanum (Link) Sweet.

FEBRUARY, 1954] NOTES ON MALVACEAE 121

Hibiscus Brittonianus, nom. nov. H. bahamensis Britton,
Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 4:120 (1906), non Mill. (1768).

It is impossible to determine, from Miller’s brief description
(Gard. Dict. ed. 8, Hibiscus No. 14) what his plant was, but it
could not have been the same species as H. bahamensis Britton.
Hochreutiner, in his monograph of Hibiscus (Ann. Conserv. et
Jardin Bot. Genéve 4:140) cited H. bahamensis Mill. doubtfully
as a synonym of H. palustris L., in which species he included H.
Moscheutos L., but Urban (Repert. Sp. Nov. 16:33) concluded
that the identity of Miller’s plant “kann bei der Kiirze der Diag-
nose nur durch einen Vergleich des Originals entschieden wer-
den. In letzterem Falle miisste die Brittonsche Pflanze einen
neuem Namen erhalten.” Miller gave no indication of locality
except in the specific name, and H. bahamensis Britton is the
only species of Hibiscus listed in Britton and Millspaugh, The
Bahama Flora (1920, p. 272).

Sia TuLta Ulbrich, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. und Mus. Berlin 11:
534 (1932). This interesting plant apparently is known only by
the type collection at Santa Ana on the Urabamba River, Dep.
Cuzco, Peru (Cook & Gilbert 1505, U. S. Nat. Herbarium No.
604683). The specimen has excellent leaves and flowers but no
fruit. It bears a remarkable resemblance to the likewise Peru-
vian, hitherto monotypic genus, Tetrasida, Ulbr. (T. polyantha
Ulbr.) in its thickish, strongly discolorous, ovate-lanceolate, cor-
date, attenuate-acuminate, entire-margined leaves, laxly panicu-
late flowers, and somewhat unequally 4-lobed, rounded-cam-
panulate calyx. In S. Tulla, however, the leaves are broader,
with a more open basal sinus, their stellate hairs are somewhat
longer, and the flowers are larger in all their parts. The globose
flower buds, deeply reniform anthers, and large, capitate stigmas
are especially noteworthy. The plant, like Tetrasida, is probably
a large shrub or a small tree.

The calyx of S. Tulla is so different from all other American
species of Sida as to exclude it from that genus. This plant may
prove to be a second species of Tetrasida, but until fruit is avail-
able, the relationship remains uncertain. The type of S$. Tulla
came from much farther south (lat. about 13°S.) than the 4 col-
lections of Tetrasida polyantha recorded by Ulbrich (Bot. Jahrb.
Beibl. 117:68 and Notizbl. Berlin 11:533) which all came from
iat" to.6° 5.

122 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. VII, NO. 5

A TENTATIVE REY
TO THE NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES
OF PAVONIA, CAV.

BY THOMAS H. KEARNEY

This key to the North American species of Pavonia, Cav., is
presented in the hope that it may prove useful in identifying
specimens of this large genus. With this end in view, it has been
based mainly upon easily ascertainable characters, and there-
fore it is largely an artificial key. Whenever possible, the charac-
terizations have been drawn from herbarium specimens, sup-
plemented by published descriptions; but not a few of the spe-
cies are little known, and in these cases, such descriptions have
been the main, or even the only source of information. This
is always unsatisfactory, as authors often omit in their diagno-
ses the very characters which have been relied upon, chiefly, in
formulating the divisions of the key. The West Indies and Pan-
ama are included in the area covered.

1. Involucel-bractlets 7-12, stipe-like, more or less rigid, expanded abruptly
at apex into a thickish, often reflexed, usually more or less peltate
bladelet. Flowers subtended by large, foliaceous bracts; corolla yellow,
15-20 mm. long; carpels broadly obovoid-trigonous, muticous or very
nearly so, carinate (2).

1. Involucel-bractlets sometimes spatulate but not stipe-like and expanded
at apex as above (3).

2. Leaves 7-9-nerved, more or less tomentose; carpels glabrous. Costa Rica
and Panama; northern South America.......... P. sessiliflora H.B.K.

2. Leaves 3-5-nerved, puberulent or sparsely rough-pubescent; carpels pu-
bescent. Panama; northern South America. P. Preslii Standley. Note 1?

3. Carpels aristate or cuspidate, the awns or cusps usually retrorsely hispid
or pilose: Section TyPHALAEA (4).

3.Carpels (except sometimes in P. paniculata?) muticous or merely mu-
cronate or crested: Section EupaAvonta (18).

4. Apical awn or cusp single, but accompanied by 2 subapical tubercles.
Leaves velutinous beneath; bractlets 5, shorter than the calyx; petals
30-50 mm. long. Cuba ..¢ . ojos «5 «si00e ates clo v's s 80 ae
Sinks are Grenete P. achanioides Griseb. var. tuberculata R. E. Fries. Note 2

4. Apical awns or cusps 3, these (in P. cancellata) sometimes nearly obso-
lete (5).

5. Bractlets 5-7 (rarely 87), less than twice as long as the calyx, commonly
long-ciliate (6).

1Information is lacking for including in this key: P. glandulosa Pres] (Mexico), P.
heterophylla Turcz. (Mexico), P. hispida Wright (Cuba), and P. urticaefolia Presl (Mexico).
Pavonia glandulosa was referred in Index Kew. to P. hirtiflora Benth., but the descriptions
indicate quite different plants.

2 Notes will be found in the section following the key.

FEBRUARY, 1954] | NORTH AMERICAN PAVONIA 123

5. Bractlets generally 8 or more (7).

6. Petals 2-4 cm. long, yellow; leaves cordate to rounded at base, broadly
ovate to ovate-lanceolate; bractlets nearly distinct, narrowly oblanceo-
late; flowers solitary; carpel-awns variable in length, the lateral ones
often strongly divergent. Southeastern U. S., West Indies, and Mexico
RR SIRE ER: PUIMET DES ofan neice pl oveisis fens. cheis sfeo - Sqn ', .P. Spinifex (L.) Cav.

6. Petals less than 2 cm. long, white (or pink?); leaves cuneate to rounded
(exceptionally subcordate) at base, oblong-elliptic or obovate; bract-
lets united about 14 (rarely 14?) of their length, broadly lanceolate
to ovate, commonly 2-4 mm. wide; flowers mostly in dense, subcapitate
terminal inflorescences; carpel-awns subequal, usually elongate, the
lateral ones erect or ascending. West Indies and Mexico to South
PRRCNNOD 0 Share) ava shvLs vies sin 3 P. fruticosa (Mill.) Fawc. & Rend. Note 3

7. Involucel shorter than to equaling the calyx. Bractlets 8-10 (8).

7. Involucel longer than the calyx (11).

8. Bractlets united well above the base; leaves entire or nearly so, oblong-
oblanceolate, cuneate at base, short-acuminate; flowers umbellate-
cymose, the slender peduncles (always?) longer than the leaves, the
pedicels also elongate. Herbage glabrescent; carpels carinate, obscurely
veined, glabrous except the awns. Mexico, Guatemala..............
RMR ROM fed ILA Sih aliat aio of ehctsrel whe ngsha, whois! 65s P. integrifolia Standley

8. Bractlets distinct or united only at base, subulate, linear, or narrowly
spatulate; leaves not entire; flowers solitary in the axils (9).

9. Flowers pendulous; leaves elliptic, elliptic-oblong, or obovate, serrate, up
to 15 cm. long. Corolla pink, 12 mm. long; carpels coarsely reticulate,
the awns little more than 14 as long as the body. Known only from
MPAMIAMMEA GS Sc i fo a uae tol P. penduliflora (Standley) Standley. Note 4

9. Flowers not pendulous; leaves linear-lanceolate, denticulate, up to 5 cm.
long. Cuba (10).

10. Stems subtrigonous, subtomentose with stellate hairs; leaves coriaceous;
petals 20)(P) mm: longs. oe en. fee es P. linearis A. Rich. Note 5

10. Stems terete, puberulent and with a line of tomentose pubescence; petals
about 10 mm. long. Carpel-awns shorter than the body..............
See ens arse ae ae e oy idateeie tela a/o.ce meta te oie ch aale P. intermixta A. Rich.

11. Leaves not more than 6 cm. long. Flowers solitary, the peduncles usually
elongate; bractlets numerous, filiform, conspicuously hirsute; carpel-
awns short and relatively stout (12).

11. Leaves normally more than 6.5 cm. long (13).

12. Stems erect; leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate, rounded or subcordate at
base, long-acuminate, serrate; bractlets fewer than 14, 3-4 times as
long as the calyx; petals about 12 mm. long, yellow. Southern Mexico
KGUCLLELO) Riacriaara isei Miia eS einaie Se aoe ws thle ae P. arachnoidea Presl

12. Stems prostrate; leaves subdeltoid, often shallowly lobed, deeply cordate
or hastate-cordate, obtuse or acute, crenate or crenate-serrate; bract-
lets usually 14 or more, up to about twice as long as the calyx; petals
18-25 mm. long, yellow with a dark purple basal spot. Southern Mex-
ico (Oaxaca); South America .......... P. cancellata (L.f£.) Cav. Note 6

13. Bractlets united well above the base, often at least 14 their length, the
involucel considerably longer than the calyx. Leaves more or less

124 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. VII, NO. 5

ili:

14.

tay

15.

16.

INffe

18.
18.

Lo:

19.

20.

Ale

obovate; flowers mostly in terminal corymbiform or subcapitate in-
florescences (14).

Bractlets distinct, or (except sometimes in P. rosea?) united not more
than 14 their length (15).

Middle awn of the carpel about equaling the body; leaves coarsely and
irregularly dentate, 10-20 cm. long; bractlets 9 or 10. Trinidad (?),
SOUCMETMM TAM ian ner crore P. castaneaefolia St. Hil. & Naud. Note 7

Middle awn shorter than the carpel body; leaves crenulate or serrulate,
up to 30 cm. long, glabrous above, sparsely puberulent beneath; bract-
lets about 8. Peduncles (flowering branches?) up to 35 cm. long; petals
purple. Costa Rica, Panama... 220260255. 0 ncn P. longipes Standley

Stems hirsutulous with short, whitish, forked or stellate hairs; flowers
mostly in short, more or less dense corymbiform or subcapitate ter-
minal clusters. Involucel of usually 8-10 linear or narrowly lanceolate
bractlets, these united toward base, 0.5-2 mm. wide, 1-3-nerved; petals
10-15 mm. long, pink or white. West Indies and Mexico to Colombia
Aha Rea BES oor ot agin h adcho naetes Gotu einer P. rosea Schlecht. Note 8

Stems copiously hirsute or hispid with yellowish or fulvous hairs; flowers
solitary, binate, or in clusters of 3 or 4 (16).

Leaves obovate or oblanceolate; petals pink. Flowers solitary; bractlets
of the involucel 10—12. Costa Rica, Panama .......... +c cnc eee

Ra eehe nies Pees a, ae ie atelier Tete oe P. Maxonii (Standley) Standley

Leaves oblong-elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate (exceptionally lgnas obo-
vate); petals white (17).

. Stipules 8-10 mm. long; flowers solitary or in corymbose clusters of 3 or

4; bractlets 10, about 114 times as long as the calyx; fruit unknown.
Jamaica (?), Colombia .......... P. pseudotyphalaea Planch. & Lind.
Stipules 3-5 mm. long; flowers solitary (rarely binate?); bractlets 11
or more, 2-4 times as long as the calyx; carpel-awns subequal, spread-
ing, longer than the body. Costa Rica, Panama, Peru...............
sieis Sil 4 Min ane, 36 mete abeecihe Se ee eoere P. oxyphyllaria Donn. Smith. Note 9

Bractlets 5 or 6. Flowers mostly solitary in the axils (19).

Bractlets (except occasionally in P. alba, P. chiapensis, P. paniculata, P.
spicata, and (?) P. troyana) more than 6 (31).

Leaves not lobed above the base or obscurely angulate-lobed. Bractlets
distinct or nearly so (20).

Leaves, all or some of them (except in P. cryptocalyx and P. hotteana)
often more or less deeply lobed above the base. West Indian species
(23).

Bractlets ovate or obovate, not longer than the calyx. Herbage finely
stellate-canescent; carpels reticulate, strongly carinate (21).

Bractlets subulate to narrowly oblanceolate, longer than the calyx. Leaves
ovate to lanceolate, cordate at base; corolla 12—20(25?) mm. long,
mauve or pale purple; carpels glabrous, lightly reticulate (22).

Leaves usually oblong-lanceolate and more than twice as long as wide,
sagittate or hastate at base. Corolla purplish-pink, usually with a con-
spicuous dark center. Georgia, naturalized from South America......
nina eleva lel tereve stsreerelerele cuenshaieae asnagedetenats peloton tonnes P. hastata Cav.

FEBRUARY, 1954] | NORTH AMERICAN PAVONIA 125

al.

“eds

eee

ao.

Bo.

24.

Ee
aoe

25.

26.

ai.

aa.

28.

Leaves deltoid or deltoid-oblong, deeply cordate or subsagittate. Northern
NEGO Gio. o baad be donor P. nepetaefolia (Standley) Standley. Note 10

Herbage without glandular hairs, subvelutinous; leaves coarsely toothed,
acutish; corolla without a conspicuous dark center, the petals ciliate
on the claws; stamen-column not appendaged. Southern Texas to
northeastern and (?) central Mexico....P. lasiopetala Scheele. Note 11

Herbage glandular-pilose, and with non-glandular pubescence; leaves
crenate, long-acuminate; corolla with a conspicuous nearly black
center, the petals glabrous on the claws; stamen-column, near the
base, bearing numerous thin, spatulate to broadly obovate, erose, dark
colored appendages (a character that may be unique in the genus).
ROMURETA MICRIO® <6 6a 5:5 cane 5c P. melanommata Robins. & Greenm.

Involucel-bractlets united well above the base, the lobes triangular, 3-5
mm. wide at base. Leaves 24-34 as wide as long; calyx only slightly
longer than the involucel; petals 10-12 mm. long, about twice as long
as the involucel, purple when dry; carpels strongly tuberculate, dense-
lyshort-pilose. Hispaniola 3). oe .\0 a0 6s eeaiss os P. cryptocalyx Urban

Involucel-bractlets (in P. achanioides?) distinct or nearly so, and (except
in P. hotteana) much narrower (24).

Bractlets not or but slightly more than 14 as long as the calyx, linear or
narrowly linear-lanceolate. Plants shrubby (25).

Bractlets much more than 1% as long as the calyx (28).

Corolla up to 5 cm. long, tubular below, the petals spreading or re-
flexed above, scarlet or crimson. Leaves about 24 as wide as long, the
lateral lobes short, obtuse, the mid-lobe elongate, acuminate; carpels
winged dorsally toward apex and with wing-like lateral tubercles.
WS SAMIR ps6 ais o\ 9,5 = ys Dh Sines Hk ip nwivinww 2s P. coccinea Cav. Note. 12

Corolla much less than 5 cm. long, the petals (so far as is known) not
reflexed (26).

Petals not more than 15 mm. long, red; leaves small, up to 3 cm. long.
Herbage very finely and densely stellate-tomentose, with a few longer,
few-armed, setose hairs; leaves thickish, discolorous, mostly 3-lobed,
crenate-dentate, the veins very prominent beneath; carpels strongly
carinate, very rugose-tuberculate. Cuba. .P. calcicola (Britton) Ekman

Petals 25-30 mm. long, pink or purple; leaves larger. Stems with 2—4-
armed, setose hairs, also tomentulose in lines (27).

Androecium and styles not, or barely, surpassing the campanulate corolla;
leaves 5-10 cm. long, Y% to 14 as wide, sometimes lobed nearly to the
middle, sometimes ovate-lanceolate and merely crenate, cordate or
subcordate at base, attenuate-acuminate, sparsely appressed-pubescent
on both surfaces with setose hairs; carpels smooth, glabrous. Bractlets
reflexed; corolla rose or scarlet. Hispaniola........ P. leiocarpa Urban

Androecium and styles much surpassing the funnelform corolla; leaves
up to 5.5 cm. long, nearly as wide, irregularly crenate-dentate, some-
times shallowly 3-lobed; carpels rugose, puberulent. Bractlets some-
BARES Go EAS ATHLON GR chsh icing ah pi, «vi bye WN a0 caletn > P. Ekmanii Helwig

Bractlets 2.5-3 mm. wide at base, usually longer than the calyx. Plant
shrubby, divaricate-scandent (Note 13); leaves ovate-lanceolate, trun-
cate or subcordate at base, long-acuminate, deeply and irregularly

126 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. VII, NO. 5

28.
29.

a
apd

wae

a:
33.

34.
ris
oo:

35.
36.

36.

serrate, sparsely and shortly stellate-pilose, with a few longer, setose
hairs beneath; corolla tubular, yellowish-red, about 3 cm. long;
androecium long-exserted; carpels dorsally subcarinate. Hispaniola...
ee ee re wt ere re RUE WETS Vir ere P. hotteana Helwig

Bractlets much narrower (29).

Corolla purple, less than 15 mm. long, the petals shortly lobed on one
side, much shorter than the androecium. Herbage densely velutinous
with very short hairs; leaves 24-44 as wide as long; flowers solitary in
the axils; bractlets sometimes 6; stamens dimorphic, some with longer,
erect filaments, others with shorter, reflexed filaments; carpels glab-
rous, obliquely costate on the sides, the nerves sometimes cristate.
Se Se Oe Bh shy Sire Acar os OE EOD AD P. heterostemon Urban

. Corolla red or orange-scarlet, 35 mm. or longer, the petals not (?) lobed,

nearly or quite as long as the androecium (30).

. Carpels dorsally carinate, reticulate-veiny, puberulent; leaves 5-7.5 cm.

long; :3—5-lobed) Guba. nici a-iel m2/eis = P. achanioides Griseb. Note 14

.Carpels winged or crested dorsally; leaves 3.5-5 cm. long, 3-lobed, im-

pressed-punctate beneath. Hispaniola............ P. punctata Urban

. Bractlets 15 or more. Stems hirsute with long, simple hairs; leaves round-

ed-angulate or ovate-deltoid; flowers mostly solitary, long-peduncu-
late (32).

Bractlets 12 or fewer (33).

Leaves acute at apex, about 3.5 cm. long and wide, deeply cordate;
bractlets about 16, filiform, 15-20 mm. long and about twice as long
as the calyx, hirsute with very long, simple hairs; calyx cleft nearly
to the base; petals 20 mm. long, yellow (?) with a dark purple basal
spot; carpels obovoid-trigonous, carinate, slightly notched at apex,
rugose. Costa Rita. 2025 5. haces P. guanacastensis Standley. Note 15

Leaves long-attenuate-acuminate, up to 10 cm. long, rounded, hastate, or
cordate at base, often shallowly 3-lobed; bractlets 18-20, subulate,
about 10 mm. long, copiously long-ciliate; calyx cleft to the middle;
petals 30-35 mm. long, lilac; carpels not carinate. Flowers often 4-
merous. Mexico (Michoacan, Guerrero). .P. Langlassei Hochr. Note 16

Flowers axillary, mostly solitary (34).

Flowers in racemose, corymbiform, or paniculate terminal inflorescences
(41).

Petals 35-50 mm. long. Cuba (35).

Petals not more than 30 mm. long (36).

Leaves 3—5-lobed; bractlets 5-7, linear. (See also first paragraph 30.)......
Ba wy ered tw aban conju rans eas Seto ae ae eee te oe P. achanioides Griseb.

Leaves not lobed; bractlets 8, spatulate....... P. speciosa H.B.K. Note 17

Petals 4-5 mm. long, white. Stems cinereous-puberulent; leaves ovate to
lanceolate, rounded or shallowly cordate at base, long-acuminate,
crenate-serrate, nearly concolorous; flowers numerous, the inflores-
cence an elongate, much-branched, leafy panicle; peduncles elongate,
very slender; bractlets 6-8, linear, hirsute-ciliate; carpels subrotund,
muticous, carinate, smooth and nearly glabrous, thin-walled, very
dehiscent. Panama and Colombia............. P. alba Seem. Note 18

Petals 15 mm. or longer (37).

FEBRUARY, 1954] | NORTH AMERICAN PAVONIA 127

37. Herbage glabrous or nearly so; leaf-margins entire or merely sinuate;
androecium greatly surpassing the corolla; carpels 2-lobed and with
a central crest. Plants shrubby or arborescent; petals about 20 mm.
lone. Bahama Islands... 6S ete P. bahamensis A. S. Hitche.

37. Herbage more or less puberulent; leaf-margins serrulate to coarsely
toothed; androecium (in P. chiapensis?, P. Purpusii?) not surpassing
the corolla; carpels otherwise (38).

38.Stems densely glandular-pilose, also more or less hirsute with long,
spreading hairs; carpels very pubescent, lightly rugose-veiny. Leaves
thin, ovate, up to 12 cm. long, 44-34 as wide as long, cordate, long-
acuminate, sometimes very shallowly 3-lobed; petals purplish, 15-20
mm. long. Southern Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras.................

— 3 ARE Seen ion ei ae P. Purpusii Brandegee. Note 19

38. Stems not glandular or somewhat so in P. chiapensis; carpels (except in
P. subpandurata?) not very pubescent (39).

39. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, very slightly contracted above the base (sub-
panduriform), rounded or subcordate at base, serrulate. Herbage (es-
pecially the stems) tomentose; petals 20-30 mm. long. Cuba..........
Me ie a Alaee ins Saale ae bila sista ¢, value dels P. subpandurata Wright. Note 20

39. Leaves ovate, cordate, more coarsely toothed. Petals 15-20 (25?) mm.
long (40).

40. Herbage not glandular; leaves with an open basal sinus; involucel some-
what longer than the calyx; corolla mauve; carpels glabrous. (See also
first paragraph 22.) Texas and Mexico......... P. lasiopetala Scheele

40. Herbage somewhat glandular; leaves with a usually closed basal sinus;
involucel about twice as long as the calyx; corolla yellow with a purple
center; carpels scabrous, rugose-veiny on the sides. Southern Mexico. .
Meee ctere sie ctese (a cane tte coe corel oe P. chiapensis (Standley) Standley. Note 21

41. Inflorescence an open, usually leafy panicle, the flowers often subcorym-
bosely clustered at ends of the branchlets. Herbage usually glandular-
pilose, the stems with or without long, spreading hairs; leaves (usually
broadly) ovate, often more or less trilobate; bractlets 6-12, subulate or
filiform, much longer than the calyx; petals yellow; carpels obovoid-
trigonous, normally muticous, rugose. West Indies and Mexico to
Sine Te tae ee A a eee ene P. paniculata Cay. Note 22

41. Inflorescence otherwise, the flowers mostly in simple terminal racemes or
corymbs (42).

42. Leaves not lobed or angulate. Plants shrubby or arborescent, up to 6 m.
high; involucel somewhat shorter than the calyx, of 6-10 rather
broad bractlets; petals yellowish or greenish (43).

42. Leaves 3-7-lobed or -angulate (44).

43. Bractlets (occasionally 10), lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, 2-3.5 mm.
wide at base; carpels not wing-margined. Herbage stellate-tomentose,
then glabrescent; leaves broadly ovate or suborbicular, more or less
cordate, the margins entire or denticulate; racemes usually elongate
and very open; carpels elongate, rather narrowly trigonous, lightly
reticulate, with a prominent keel and 3 thick, triangular, apical crests,
these sometimes obscure. Florida, West Indies, Central America;
norco seuth Ameries 2... 22.22. cs eles so P. spicata Cav. Note 23

128 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. VII, NO. 5

43. Bractlets oblong or elliptic-oblong, up to 5 mm. wide at base; carpels
more or less broadly wing-margined. Jamaica ...............++0005
ROE ma mcladhtas Mame aieines ae P. troyana (Urban) Urban. Note 24

44. Herbage glabrous or nearly so; bractlets narrowly spatulate. Leaves sub-
orbicular, 25 cm. or longer and equally wide, rounded at apex, deeply
cordate at base, 5-lobed with broad, triangular lobes; flowers in elon-
gate terminal racemes; bractlets about 10, somewhat longer than the
calyx; petals 12-14 mm. long; carpels glabrous, strongly carinate,
transversely rugose dorsally. Mexico (Nayarit).................-..6-
SOC OCC Boman hae on ae eee P. Ortegiana (Standley) Standley

44. Herbage more or less pubescent; bractlets linear or narrowly lanceolate
(45).

45. Involucel shorter than the calyx; petals 35-40 mm. long. Herbage copi-
ously stellate-pubescent; leaves thickish, suborbicular, deeply cordate,
obtuse to subacuminate, crenate or crenulate, up to 15 cm. long; in-
florescence shortly racemose or corymbiform. Mexico (Jalisco).......
ile a Spaunnin Wom ee eke Re eis wap amar ee P. firmiflora Schery. Note 25

45. Involucel equaling or longer than the calyx; petals (in P. racemifera?) less
than 25 mm. long. Carpels strongly carinate (46).

46. Terminal raceme short (?), the lower flowers axillary, their peduncles 2-3
times as long as the petioles of the subtending leaves; bractlets about
8, linear-subulate; leaves 5-angled, cordate, much less (?) than 30 cm.
long; carpels pubescent. Mexico (Tepic)...P. racemifera Hook. & Arn.

46. Terminal raceme elongate, up to 30 cm. long, many-flowered, dense to-
ward apex; bractlets 9 or 10, narrowly linear-lanceolate, often spread-
ing or recurved at apex; leaves shallowly angulate-lobed, up to nearly
30 cm. long and wide, deeply cordate; carpels strongly carinate, other-
wise smooth, obscurely puberulent. Petals yellow, about 15 mm. long.
Mexico:(Jaliseo) «5.55.5 sx0gas exes P. Palmeri (Baker f.) Schery. Note 26

NOTES

1. Synonyms: Malachra ovata Presl, Peltaea ovata (Presl) Standley.

2. Fries (K. Sv. Vet. Akad. Hand. ser. 3, 242:26,t.3) thought this might be a
distinct species, typical P. achanioides (first paragraph 30 of this key) having
muticous carpels. Fries figured but did not describe the central awn or cusp.

3. Synonym: P. Typhalaea Cav.

4. Basonym: Malache penduliflora Standley. Only the type (Pittier 3118)
was cited by the author of the species (Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 18:117) but
this is so poor a specimen that other material must have been the basis of
Standley’s detailed description.

5. Characters of P. linearis and P. intermixta mainly from A. Richard’s de-
scriptions (Essai Fl. Cuba, pp. 127, 128). In a collection by Roig & Acuna in
1940, identified as P. intermixta, the calyx is about 5 mm. long and the car-
pels are glabrous and longitudinally veiny.

6. A collection at Santa Lucrecia, Oaxaca (Conzatti 366114), affords what
seems to be the first record for North America.

7. It is doubtful that the Trinidad plant described under this name by
Grisebach (Fl. Brit. West Ind. p. 82) is the same as the plant of southern

FEBRUARY, 1954] | NORTH AMERICAN PAVONIA 129

Brazil. Grisebach described the leaves as elliptic-lanceolate and the number
of bractlets as 9-14.

8. Very like P. fruticosa in general appearance, differing chiefly in the
more numerous, less united, narrower bractlets. Synonym (fide Fl. Bras.),
P. nemoralis St. Hil. & Naud.

9. Synonyms: P. costaricensis Hochr., P. fulva (Standley) Standley.

10. This is very like, if not identical with, P. hastata var. pubescens Giirke
f. brevifolia Giirke of southern South America. A collection on Socorro
Island (H. L. Mason in 1953) seems to be the same.

11. Synonyms: P. Wrightii Gray and (?) P. hirtiflora Benth. If the type of
the latter, insufficiently described species came from Aguascalientes, as
stated by Standley (Trees & Shrubs Mexico p. 773) and if it is really synony-
mous with P. lasiopetala, the latter species ranges farther south than here-
tofore recorded.

12. Characters chiefly from Cavanilles’ description and illustration (Diss.
3:140, t. 47, f. 1). Urban (Symb. Antill. 5:420) did not mention the reflexed
petals but stated that the calyx is 2 or more times as long as the involucel.

13. As described by R. M. Moscoso, Cat. Fl. Doming. 363 (1943).

14. Bractlets 7 mm. long, calyx 11-12 mm. long, fide Helwig (Repert. Sp.
Nov. 24:235). For other characters of P. achanioides see Urban (Symb. Antill.
7:280). The carpels are presumably muticous in typical P. achanioides,
whereas in var. tuberculata (see first paragraph 4 of this key) they are apically
cuspidate and bituberculate. The type of P. achanioides is C. Wright 2066.
A specimen with this number in Herb. Univ. Calif. is Hibiscus brasiliensis L.

15. Evidently related to P. cancellata (L.f.) Cav., but the carpels are mu-
ticous and the plant was described as ‘“‘elata.” Compare second paragraph
12 of this key.

16. Hochreutiner suspected that the 4-merous condition is abnormal.
There is no mention of long, simple stem-hairs in his description, although
they are very conspicuous in the isotype at the University of California.

17. Synonym: P. cordifolia Wright, which is referred in Fl. Bras. (123:495)
to P. speciosa H.B.K. var. Hostmannii (Miq.) Giirke.

18. Synonyms: Malache panamensis Standley, Pavonia panamensis (Stand-
ley) Standley.

19. Synonym: P. Liebmannii Ulbr.

20. Synonym: P. speciosa H.B.K. ssp. genuina Giirke var. subpandurata
Giirke.

21. Resembles and is perhaps not specifically distinct from the South
American P. sidifolia H.B.K.

22. Synonyms (?): P. scabra Presl, described from Mexico, and Malache
fonsecana Standley. According to Fawcett & Rendle (Fl. Jamaica 5*:131), the
carpels of P. paniculata have sometimes a short weak spine at apex.

23. Synonyms: P. racemosa Sw., P. scabra (B. Vog.) Cif., non Presl.

24.Synonym: P. spicata var. troyana (Urban) Fawc. & Rend. Probably
not more than a variety of P. spicata.

25. Known by only one collection (Pringle 5447). Schery (Ann. Mo. Bot.
Gard. 29:228) suggested that this plant may be a hybrid between P. Palmeri
and some species of Malvaviscus.

26. Synonyms: Malvaviscus Palmeri Baker f., Pavonia amplifolia Standley.

130 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. VII, NO. 5

Pavonia Palmeri is very close to, if not identical with, P. racemifera of the
adjacent state of Tepic. The description of the latter in Bot. Beechey’s
Voyage (p. 277) is too meager for a definite conclusion.

INDEX
(The numbers refer to paragraphs of the key)

achanioides 30, 35 linearis 10

var. tuberculata 4 longipes 14
alba 36 Maxonii 16
arachnoidea 12 melanommata 22
bahamensis 37 nepetaefolia 21
calcicola 26 Ortegiana 44
cancellata 12 oxyphyllaria 17
castaneaefolia 14 Palmeri 46
chiapensis 40 paniculata 41
coccinea 25 penduliflora 9
cryptocalyx 23 Preslii 2
Ekmanii 27 pseudotyphalaea 17
firmiflora 45 punctata 30
fruticosa 6 Purpusii 38
guanacastensis 32 racemifera 46
hastata 21 rosea 15
heterostemon 29 sessiliflora 2
hotteana 28 speciosa 35
integrifolia 8 spicata 43
intermixta 10 Spinifex 6
Langlassei 32 subpandurata 39
lasiopetala 22, 40 troyana 43

leiocarpa 27

Two Matiows New To Cattirornia. Abutilon Palmeri Gray,
apparently not previously recorded as a member of the Cali-
fornia flora, was collected in 1941 near Vallecito Station, San
Diego County, at an elevation of 750 m. (Frank F. Gander 9276).
The species is not uncommon in southwestern Arizona, north-
western Sonora, and Baja California.

Another species of Malvaceae, presumably new to California,
is Sida rhombifolia L. It was growing as a weed in a cotton field
in Madera County, where it was discovered by Farm Adviser
Clarence E. Johnson, in 1952. The identification was made by
Prof. John M. Tucker of the University of California College
of Agriculture at Davis. This species is widely distributed in the
tropical and subtropical parts of both hemispheres.

—T. H. Kearney.

FEBRUARY, 1954] ISATIS TINCTORIA 131

LATHYRUS POLYPHYLLUS VAR. INSECUNDUS JEPSON. Recently Mr.
John Thomas Howell called my attention to the fact that I had,
for some unknown reason, overlooked the name Lathyrus poly-
phyllus var. insecundus Jepson (Man. FI. Pl. Calif. 585,—1925)
in “A revision of the North American species of Lathyrus”
(Univ. Wash. Publ. Biol. 15:1-104,—1952).

Through the kindness of Dr. Rimo Bacigalupi, Curator of
the Jepson Herbarium at the University of California, the type,
collected by W. L. Jepson at Olema, Marin Co., California, on
March 28, 1907, has been borrowed for study. The specimen,
described by Jepson as having “Raceme not one-sided, the subu-
late calyx-lobes very prominent in bud,” is rather copiously
pubescent on stems and calyx and sparsely hairy on the leaflets.
It has prominent lanceolate-acuminate lateral calyx-lobes that
are very noticeably widened above their bases. In all these re-
spects it is totally unlike L. polyphyllus Nutt. ex T. & G., but,
as in all other characteristics it is referable to L. vestitus ssp.
puberulus (White ex Greene) C. L. Hitchcock, op. cit. 18.

The type is very closely matched in the University of Wash-
ington Herbarium by a collection made by Michener and
Bioletti in April, 1891, in the Oakland Hills.—C. Leo Hitch-
cock, University of Washington, Seattle.

NEw CALIFORNIA STATIONS FoR ISATIS TINCTORIA. The follow-
ing account of Dyer’s Woad from Tehama County, California,
is taken from a recent letter from Beecher Crampton who has
given me permission to publish his record here:

“TI collected Isatis tinctoria along roadbank of highway U. S.
99, 5 miles north of Red Bluff, Tehama County (B. Crampton
1204). Supposedly this European weed is localized in Scott Val-
ley, Siskiyou County, but it appears to be moving southward.
Perhaps other collections have been made outside that area, but
I thought you might be interested in its appearance beyond its
range as reported for California.”

In 1948, I. tinctoria was collected by H. M. Pollard on the
Klamath River about 3 miles west of Orleans near the mouth of
Camp Creek in Humboldt County. Mr. Pollard reports that the
plant is not uncommon on sand- and gravel-bars for several
miles along the Klamath River both above and below Orleans.
—J. T. Howe.

132 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. VII, NO. 5

TRIFOLIUM GLOMERATUM IN TEXAS. On May 1, 1953, I received
for identification two plants of an unfamiliar clover from Mr.
W. L. Smith, Soil Conservation Service agent at Wills Point,
Texas, with a note that they “may have been introduced with
hop clover seed from Australia.” The specimens were from a
yellow hop planting in sandy soil 4 miles north of Fairfield,
Freestone County, in east-central Texas. ‘They proved to be
Trifolium glomeratum L., a native of southern and western
Europe, naturalized in South Australia, but not reported from
the United States in any of the current regional manuals (Fer-
nald’s Gray, Gleason’s Britton & Brown, Small, Abrams, or
either flora by Rydberg). Doubtless the plant will appear again
in this country. It is easily recognized by the small heads of rosy
lavender flowers sessile in upper leaf axils.—Lloyd H. Shinners,
Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas.

ANTHEMIS FUSCATA Brot. IN SONOMA COUNTY, CALIFORNIA.
This attractive annual chamomile first came to my attention
when I identified a specimen for M. S. Baker, his No. 9505, col-
lected May 18, 1940, along the Redwood Highway near Asti. On
Mar. 23, 1952, it was found in the same place by P. A. Munz, his
No. 17351. The plant, which is a native of the western Medi-
terranean region, was included by Mr. Baker in his 1941 (and
later) mimeographed lists of Seed Plants of the North Coast
Counties of California. I have seen no other report of the plant
in North America.—J. ‘T. HOWELL.

LATHYRUS SPHAERICUS IN CALIFORNIA. The Mediterranean re-
gion, whence comes the majority of our California weeds, has
now contributed a distinctive new pea to our flora, Lathyrus
sphaericus Retz. This annual, which differs from all others in
the state in the bifoliolate leaves and in the solitary brick-red
flowers borne on abbreviated peduncles, has recently been
found abundantly naturalized on the south slope of Mt. St.
Helena in Napa Co. by Peter H. Raven, his No. 2902. C. L.
Hitchcock (Univ. Wash. Publ. Biol. 15:9,—1952) reports this
species in the Pacific states only from western Oregon.—J. T.
HOweELL.

ered)

Vol. VII No. 6

LEAFLETS
of
WESTERN BOTANY

CONTENTS

PAGE
Beitrage zur Kenntnis von Rumex XII: Some New
American Species of Rumex 133
K. H. RECHINGER, FIL.
A New Lewisia from Nevada . 135
ARTHUR H. HOLMGREN
A New Mimulus from Nevada ..... . . 137
GABRIEL EDWIN
A Tentative Key to the North American Species
: 138

of Sida, L. .
THoMAsS H. KEARNEY

SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA
Apri 16, 1954

NEW -
BOTA!
GARI

LEAFLETS
of
WESTERN BOTANY

Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco 18.

Cited as

LEAFL. WEstT. Bort.

Owned and published by

Joun THomMAs HOWELL

te a

APRIL, 1954] NEW SPECIES OF RUMEX 133

BEITRAGE ZUR KENNTNIS VON RUMEX XII:
SOME NEW AMERICAN SPECIES OF RUMEX

BY K. H. RECHINGER, FIL.

Vienna, Austria

Rumex tomentellus Rech. f., spec. nov. Certe perennis. Caulis vero-
similiter elatus, stricte erectus. Tota planta imprimis ad petiolos et ad
paginas inferiores foliorum indumento denso tomentello e papillis albidis
in sicco hyalinis compressis composito tecta. Folia basalia petiolo crasso
dimidia laminae longitudine breviore instructo; lamina in sicco crasse
membranacea subcoriacea plana, e basi profunde cordata oblonga, in
tertia circiter parte latissima inde apicem valde acutam versus sensim
attenuata, 25-30 cm. longa, 7-11 cm. lata, subtus dense tomentella, supra
papillis brevioribus laxius dispositis scabrida; nervi secundarii numerosi
tenues, a costa mediana angulo fere recto abeuntes. Folia caulina ignota.
Inflorescentia ad minimum 45 cm. longa, axi stricta vel subflexuosa, in-
ternodiis infirmis elongatis, ramis inferioribus fasciculatis elongatis superi-
oribus singulis simplicibus tenuibus flaccidis erecto-patentibus, paniculam
ineunte fructificatione laxiusculam subapertam formantibus. Florum glo-
meruli multiflori, inferiores et medii plus minusve remoti, superiores ap-
proximati; rami infimi tantum foliis diminutis breviter petiolatis e basi
cuneata lineari-lanceolatis suffulti. Pedicelli ineunte fructificatione fili-
formes, prope basin vel in tertia circiter parte inferiore tenuiter articulati,
ad basin perigonii subito valde saepe subangulato-incrassati, longitudine
variabiles, perigonio immaturo sesqui- raro usque duplolongiores. Perigonii
foliola exteriora lanceolata linearia acuta, marginibus inferiorum arcte
appressa, plus minusve 2 mm. longa. Valvae in statu immaturo ovato-
oblongae, basi rotundatae, apice acutiusculae vel obtusiusculae, integrae,
nervo mediano saepe aliquantum longitudinaliter incrassato nec autem
callifero, nervatura ceterum tenuiter reticulata.—Verosimiliter ad subsec-
tionem Aquatici pertinet, indumento tomentello insignis; ceterum foliorum
nervis numerosis subrectangularibus, pedicellis ad basin perigonii valde
incrassatis, valvarum nervo mediano longitudinaliter subincrassato (nec
autem callifero) memorabilis.

New Mexico: 18 miles east of Mogollon on Willow Creek,
7640 feet elevation, Mogollon Mts., Catron Co., July 14, 1928,
C. B. Wolf 2640 (CAS, typus; BH isotypus).

More complete material of this interesting plant is urgently
needed. Papillosity is a character which occurs, however much
less pronounced than in this new species, only in two other
species of the arctic-circumboreal subsect. Aquatici: R. fene-
stratus Greene subsp. puberulus Hultén in the eastern Pacific
Coast district of Alaska and R. aquaticus L. subsp. Schischkinii
Rech. f. in the Altai Mts. of Siberia.

Leaflets of Western Botany, Vol. VII, pp. 133-152, April 16, 1954.

134 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY __ [VOL. VII, NO. 6

Rumex nematopodus Rech. f., spec. nov. Radix verticalis perennis, caulem
singulum proferrens. Caulis 85 cm. altus, stricte erectus, a tertia parte inferi-
ore ramosus et fructifer, internodiis elongatis, tenuiter sulcato-striatus,
brunnescens; panicula ramis tenuibus erectis plurimis singulis simplicibus
angusta laxiuscula subaperta. Folii basalii petiolus 74 laminae longitudinem
aequans, 22 cm. longus, subcarnosus; lamina 34 cm. longa, 9 cm. lata, basi
leviter cordata, plana, in sicco tenuiter membranacea flavescenti-viridis
glabra laevis, nervis lateralibus numerosis tenuibus subrectis a costa mediana
angulo circa 80°-90° abeuntibus; lamina a basi usque ad 34 superiores circi-
ter aequilata, demum sensim attenuata, valde acuta. Folia caulina petiolo
brevi latiusculo quartam usque quintam partem laminae latitudinis aequante
suffulta; lamina in sicco crassiuscule membranacea sordide flavescenti-viridis,
glabra laevis fere plana, e basi breviter saepe suboblique cuneata late lineari-
lanceolata valde acuta; nervi laterales tenues numerosi, angulo 70°—-80° a
costa mediana abeuntes; lamina folii caulini infimi 21 cm. longa, vix 3 cm.
lata, a basi usque ad 24-34 longitudinis vix, deinde sensim attenuata; folia
caulina superiora sensim decrescentia. Rami infimi tantum foliis diminutis
suffulti. Florum glomeruli inferiores remoti, superiores contigui. Pedicelli
tenuissime filiformes gracillimi prope basin tenuiter articulati, omnes valde
elongati, sed longitudine variabiles, perigonio maturo 3 (-4)-plo longiores,
ad basin perigonii abrupte saepe subangulato-incrassati. Perigonii foliola ex-
teriora circa 1.5 mm. longa, lanceolato-linearia acuta dorso carinata basibus
valvarum appressa. Valvae fructiferae 4-5 mm. longae, 3-4 mm. latae, ambitu
ovato- vel subcordato-triangulares, basi truncatae vel leviter late cordatae,
apice acutae, consistentia tenuiter membranacea, colore in statu submaturo
olivascente, omnes ecallosae, tenuiter elevate reticulato-nervosae, margine
indistincte subsinuato-denticulatae vel integrae. Nux submatura brunnea,
circa 3 mm. longa et 1.5 mm. lata, vix infra medium latissima. — Inter
species subsectionis Aquatici foliis angustis basi cuneatis, pedicellis longis-
simis perigonio 3 (—-4)-plo longioribus, valvis parvis acutiusculis excellit.

Arizona: Huachuca Mts., 7000 ft., Sept. 4, 1903, M. E. Jones
(DS, ty pus); Ramseys Canyon near Fort Huachuca, 9000 ft., Sept.,
1882, Lemmon 2879 (GH). Phillips 3230 (CAS) and Phillips &
Kearney 3403 (CAS) from the White Mts., Apache County, men-
tioned in Kearney and Peebles, Arizona Flora, 245 (1951), swb
R. occidental, possibly belong here, but they are very immature.
The leaves are exceptionally long and narrow.

New Mexico: White Mts., 6800 ft., Lincoln Co., July 31,
1897, E. O. Wooton 624 (NY, US).

CuinuAnua, Mexico: near Colonia Garcia in the Sierra
Madre, 7400 ft., July 5, 1899, Townsend & Barber 82 (NY, sub
R. salicifolio).

X Rumex pseudoorbiculatus Rech. f., hybr. nov. (R. obtusifolius subsp.
agrestis x R. orbiculatus.) Elatus erectus, infra inflorescentiam non ramosus.

Folia caulina subcoriacea fere plana, lanceolata, prope basin latissima, apicem
acutam versus longe sensim attenuata; nervi secundarii angulo circa 70°-80°

APRIL, 1954] A NEW LEWISIA 135

a costa mediana abeuntes. Panicula sat ampla, e ramis arcuato-erectis simpli-
cibus constituta, inferne paucifoliata, fructificatione manca laxiuscula. Pedi-
celli tenuiter filiformes longitudine variabiles, fructu usque plus quam
duplo longiores. Valvae magnitudine et forma valde variabiles: aut ovato-
oblongae aut late lingulatae aut late rotundato-cordatae; maiores callum
elongato-fusiformem dimidia longitudine valvae longiorem ferentes; valvae
minores subintegrae, maiores imprimis basin versus acute pluridentatae.
Nuces plurimae steriles.— R. orbiculato Gray habitu, foliorum consistentia ac
forma, valvis maioribus cordato-orbiculatis callis elongato-fusiformibus simi-
lis, ab eo autem valvis acute pluridentatis foliis basi magis dilatatis diversus.
Evolutio irregularis valvarum et fructificatio manca originem hybrida plane
indicat.

MassaAcuuseETTs: brook, Purgatory Swip, Norwood, Aug. 3,
1895, J. R. Churchill (MO, typus).

The plant is similar to R. orbiculatus Gray. That it is a hybrid
is proved by the very irregular development of valves and by
the nuts usually being compressible and sterile. Only a species
with toothed valves can be assumed as the other parent. There
is hardly any doubt that this was R. obtusifolius subsp. agrestis,
a weed of western European origin, well established for many
years all over the United States, the more arid areas excepted.

Only very few natural hybrids by indigenous American species
of Rumex are known, none of them between two American
species. The only hybrid of R. orbiculatus known up to the
present time is R. crispus x R. orbiculatus (syn., R. Britannica
x R. crispus, Rechinger, Field Museum Bot. 17:147,—1937).

A NEW LEWISIA FROM NEVADA

BY ARTHUR H. HOLMGREN
Utah State Agricultural College, Logan

The high mountains of south-central Nevada have rewarded
Dr. Bassett Maguire and me with several new species and hold
much promise for future expeditions. Our brief survey of the
Quinn Canyon Range in 1945 brought us a new Lewisza that has
stimulated the writer to begin a study of this beautiful genus of

plants.
KEY TO THE SPECIES OF LEWISIA SUBGENUS EULEWISIA

Bracts linear-lanceolate, attenuate ... 0)... ccc ns deeds be eee 1. L. rediviva
Bracts ovate to ovate-oblong, obtuse.
PAOWETS SOMIALY SE PAIN I Hee e ona eee rete Mss ao tee es 2. L. disepala

Flowers cymose, usually 3 or 2, rarely only 1;
BEPIAIE TS OU te ey eae Pe eee Sitio a elas hw Grane Ghee al 3. L. Maguirei

136 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY __ [VOL. VII, NO. 6

1. LewisiA REDIVIVA Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. 358 (1814).

la. LEWISIA REDIVIVA subsp. REDIVIVA. L. alba Kellogg, Proc. Calif. Acad.
2:115 (1861).

Plant usually with linear, subterete leaves; sepals more than 15 mm.
long; pedicels more than | cm. long.

Open rocky soil; British Columbia to California and east to Montana,
Colorado and northern Arizona.

1b. Lewisia rediviva subsp. minor (Rydb.) Holmgren, comb. nov. L. minor
Rydb., N. Amer. Fl. 21:327 (1932); L. rediviva var. minor (Rydb.) Munz, Man.
South. Cal. Bot. 158, 598 (1935).

Plant with clavate leaves; sepals less than 15 mm. long; pedicels less
than 1 cm. long.

Dry rocky ridges and exposed places; from Tooele County, Utah, and
the Quinn Canyon Range, Nevada, to western Nevada and southern Cali-
fornia.

2. LEWISIA DISEPALA Rydb., N. Amer. Fl. 21:328 (1932). L. rediviva yosemi-
tana K. Brandeg., Proc. Calif. Acad. IT. 4:89 (1894). Not L. yosemitana Jepson,
1923.

Known only on summits around Yosemite Valley, California (J. T. Howell
15573).

3. Lewisia Maguirei Holmgren, spec. nov. Perennis; radicibus paucira-
mosis; caudicibus brevibus crassis; foliis numerosis rosulatis, 1-2 cm. longis,
1.5-3.5 mm. latis, lineari-oblanceolatis, obtusis, carnosis; scapis 1 vel pluri-
bus, plerumque 1.5-2 cm. longis; cymis 3-floribus, raro 1- vel 2-floribus;
bracteis 3, verticillatis, oblongo-ovatis, 3-5 mm. longis, 2.5-3.5 mm. latis,
scariosis, subcarnosis ad basin; pedunculis articulatis, supra bracteas demum
disarticulatis, cymis maturatis deciduis; pedicellis 3-9 mm. longis, singulis
bractio scarioso 8-10 mm. longo suffultis; sepalis 3 vel 4, imbricatis, inte-
gris vel emarginatis, petaloideo-scariosis, 8-12 mm. longis, 4-8 mm. latis, late
ovatis, basi latis, in unguem angustatis; petalis 7-9, albis vel roseis, oblance-
olatis, obtusis, 8-12 mm. longis, 4-6 mm. latis; staminibus 7-9, filamentis
circa 1 mm. longis, alatis, apice filiformibus; antheris circa 1 mm. longis,
sagittatis; stylis 4-6, connatis subter; capsulis membranaceis, conico-ob-
longis, 7-10 mm. longis, basi circumscissis etiam dehiscentibus longitudi-
naliter; seminibus 5-8, aliquando 10, 1.5-2.5 mm. latis, laevibus.

Perennial from a fleshy, branched, taproot; caudex short, thick, bearing
at its crown numerous rosulate leaves, the older ones marcescent and erect;
herbage and inflorescence rose-suffused; leaves 1-2 cm. long, 1.5-3.5 mm.
wide, linear-oblanceolate, obtuse, fleshy, mid-rib prominent; scapes 1 to
several, usually 1.5-2 cm. long, bearing a 3-flowered cyme, frequently 2
flowers present, rarely only 1; bracts 3, whorled, oblong-ovate, 3-5 mm.
long, 2.5-3.5 mm. broad, completely scarious, subfleshy towards the base;
the peduncle jointed and disarticulating immediately above the bracts, the
complete cyme falling at maturity; pedicels 3-9 mm. long, each subtended by
a linear-oblong, scarious bract 8-10 mm. long; sepals 3 or sometimes 4,
entire or sometimes emarginate, petaloid-scarious, 8-12 mm. long, 8-14 mm.
wide, broadly ovate, the base broad, narrowed into a very short claw, imbri-
cate; petals 7-9, white to pinkish, oblanceolate, obtuse, 8-12 mm. long, 4-6

APRIL, 1954] A NEW MIMULUS 137

mm. wide; stamens 7-9, filaments about 1 cm. long, winged, filiform only
below the anther, anthers about 1 mm. long, sagittate; styles 4-6, united
below; capsule membranous, conic-oblong, 7-10 mm. long, circumscissile at
the base, also dehiscing lengthwise; seeds usually fewer than 10, 1.5-2.5 mm.
wide, smooth.

Type: Maguire & Holmgren 25346, the plants frequent in
loose denuded soil derived from limestone, associated with pin-
yon, juniper, and sagebrush, on south facing ridge above Cherry
Creek Summit, 7500 feet, Quinn Canyon Range, Nye County,
Nevada, June 8, 1945 (New York Botanical Garden). Isotypes:
Intermountain Herbarium, Logan, Utah; United States Na-
tional Museum; University of California; California Academy
of Sciences; Missouri Botanical Garden.

Cotype: Maguire & Holmgren 25542, the plants frequent on
raw gravelly clay slope in open pinyon-juniper country, ridge
north of Cherry Creek Pass, Quinn Canyon Range, Nye County,
Nevada, June 20, 1945 (New York Botanical Garden and Inter-
mountain Herbarium).

By virtue of the broad petaloid sepals and disarticulating
peduncles, L. Maguirei belongs to the subgenus Eulewisia, as
distinguished from the subgenus Oreobroma in which the sepals
are not petaloid and the peduncles are not jointed. Lewisia
Magutrei is most closely related to L. disepala. The characters
which readily separate these species are featured in the above
key.

A NEW MIMULUS FROM NEVADA

BY GABRIEL EDWIN
Beltsville, Maryland

Mimulus (subgen. SyMpLacus, sect. StmIoLus) brachystylis Edwin, spec.
nov. Folia ovata suborbiculata vel reniformi-orbiculata, usque ad 1.6 cm.
longa, plerumque aequilata vel latiora, undulata, subintegra vel leviter
irregulariterque dentata, folia inferiora longe petiolata subtus pilis brevibus
albisque paucis, folia superiora subsessilia, suprema sessilia, plus minusque
villosa; corolla vix exserta, usque ad 1.4 cm. longa, calycem paulo superans;
stylus laevis, staminibus parvioribus multo brevior, vix 3-3.5 mm. longus;
stigmata subaequalia peltata; fructus lanceolato-ovoideus, tubo calycis
brevior.

Annual; stem glabrous, upright, simple or little branched from the base,
four-angled, up to 22 cm. high; leaves ovate, suborbicular, or rotund with
reniform bases up to 1.6 cm. long, mostly as broad or broader than long,
undulate, subentire, or weakly and irregularly dentate, lower leaves long-
petiolate with a few short white hairs below, upper subsessile, uppermost

138 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY __ [VOL. VII, NO. 6

sessile, more or less villous; pedicels longer below, shorter above than the
subtending leaves and calyces; calyx up to 1.2 cm. long, 0.7 cm. wide, tinged
with red, especially along the ribs, tube densely or lightly villous (occasion-
ally glabrous), teeth short, obtuse, blunt, scarcely one-quarter as long as the
tube; corolla narrow, exserted, up to 1.4 cm. long, little longer than the
calyx, tube short, narrow, glabrous without, the throat almost completely
closed by the hairy ridges (palate) within; stamens included, anthers glab-
rous or bearing a few cilia, filaments glabrous or rarely with a few short
glandular hairs; style much shorter than the shorter pair of stamens, scarcely
3-3.5 mm. long, glabrous; stigmas subequal, peltate; fruit lanceolate-ovoid,
shorter than the calyx-tube; seeds many, ovate, lightly reticulate, occasion-
ally apiculate at one end or both ends.

Type: Kay H. Beach & Laura E. Mills 881, from moist loam
around a spring on a steep north slope in Sunnyside Canyon
about 5 miles north of Ione, 7000 feet elevation, Nye County,
Nevada, July 14, 1930 (U. S. National Herbarium, Smithsonian
Institution, Washington, D.C.).

Mimulus brachystylis is apparently most closely related to
M. gutiatus DC. but differs from the latter in the extremely
short style, broader than long leaf, shorter blunter calyx-teeth,
and narrower very little-exserted corolla.

U. S. National Arboretum Herbarium
Bureau of Plant Industry
Beltsville, Maryland

A TENTATIVE KEY TO THE NORV
AMERICAN SPECIES OF SIDA, L.

BY THOMAS H. KEARNEY

This is an artificial key and juxtaposition of the species does
not always indicate close relationship. Many of the species are
little known and in such cases the characterizations in the key
have been drawn mainly from published descriptions. These
are often vague and omit the characters upon which the divi-
sions of the key are based. Whenever possible, however, exam-
ination of herbarium specimens has been the basis of the charac-
terizations. ‘““North America” is interpreted as including the
West Indies and Panama. The notes will be found at the end
of the paper. Note 1.

1. Leaves deeply palmately lobed, the lobes attenuate-acuminate, coarsely
and irregularly serrate-dentate. Plants herbaceous, the herbage glab-

APRIL, 1954] NORTH AMERICAN SIDA 139

no —

rate; flowers in long-peduncled corymbose or subracemose clusters,
these forming an ample leafy panicle; petals white; carpels 10. East-
Bia Wniked States 5.56 heels Sa aes S. hermaphrodita-(L.) Rusby. Note 2

. Leaves not lobed or obscurely so (2).
. Plants arborescent, up to 8 m. high. Leaves long-petiolate, up to 15 cm.

long, broadly ovate, truncate to cordate at base, subvelutinous (al-
most lepidote) on both surfaces with very minute, stellate hairs; in-
florescences axillary, subpaniculate; calyx 10-14 mm. long; petals
somewhat longer, yellow; carpels 5 or 6, short-cuspidate, pubescent.
Virgin: Islands, Culebra Island.......0......55... S. Eggersii Baker f.

. Plants herbaceous or shrubby, much smaller (3).
. Peduncles adnate to the petiole of the subtending leaf or bract. Leaves

sparingly serrate toward apex, mostly narrow, often wedge-shaped;
flowers mostly in dense but few-flowered apical clusters, these as if
involucrate by the upper leaves and the conspicuously hirsute-ciliate
stipules; carpels 5-8, reticulate-rugose and muricate, rostrate or
shortly aristate (4).

. Peduncles not so adnate (6).
. Leaves hirsute on both surfaces with very long, fine hairs; petals yellow.

Stems diffusely branched from the base; leaves oblong, elliptic, or
obovate; carpels spinose-muricate. Cuba ........... S. Brittoni Leon

. Leaves glabrous (rarely appressed-pubescent) above; petals commonly

pink or purple (5).

. Stems procumbent to ascending, diffusely branched from the base; leaves

narrowly oblong to obovate or (rarely) suborbicular; petals 6-10 mm.
long; carpels with usually short murications. Florida, Texas, Baja
California, and West Indies to South America. ...S. ciliaris L. Note 3

. Stems erect or ascending, sparingly branched; leaves linear; petals 10-15

mm. long; carpels with long, spinose murications. Texas to South
PRIMI CHI GAMES oc eee a ieee aio ei ome S. anomala St. Hil. Note 4

.Involucel present, or the herbage silvery-lepidote, or the leaves wider

than long. Flowers axillary, solitary or very few in the axils; carpels
muticous or short-beaked: Section Pseudo-Malvastrum. Note 5 (7).

.Involucel none; herbage not silvery-lepidote; leaves mostly longer than

wide (10).

. Plants herbaceous, the flowering stems from creeping rootstocks; leaves

very asymmetric at base; flowers distinctly pedicelled, the pedicels often
more or less flexuous and decurved; petals white or whitish; carpels
6-10 (8).

. Plants suffrutescent; leaves (in S. Helleri?) not noticeably asymmetric;

flowers subsessile; petals yellow or copper-colored; carpels normally
5. Involucel none; herbage stellate-tomentulose or -tomentose (9).

. Herbage densely stellate-canescent; leaves wider than long, suborbicular

or somewhat flabelliform, rounded at apex, rather regularly denticu-
late or dentate; involucel, of 1-3 subulate bractlets, usually present
but very caducous; carpels indehiscent. Western United States, Revil-
lagigedo Islands, northern Mexico. .S. hederacea (Dougl.) Torr. Note 6

. Herbage closely silvery-lepidote; leaves mostly longer than wide, acutish

to acuminate at apex, often subhastately toothed or lobed at base

140 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY __ [VOL. VII, NO. 6

(in var. sagittaefolia A. Gray, Note 7); involucel rarely, if ever, pres-
ent; carpels dehiscent at apex. Southwestern United States and north-
Of MERICO (05% 2005 Pe sds ore Sawienis eee a S. lepidota A. Gray. Note 8
9. Leaves flabelliform, more or less cuneate at base; calyx not surpassing
the fruit; carpels acuminate and becoming 2-beaked. Southern Tex-
AB Ne eer aie ie ater ee isi em claus delocale ates S. Grayana I. D. Clement*
9. Leaves suborbicular, rounded or truncate at base; calyx surpassing the
fruit; carpels obtuse, apiculate. Southern Texas ...... S. Helleri Rose
10. Calyx greatly accrescent, enclosing the fruit, membranous and veiny, the
broad lobes overlapping. Plants herbaceous above ground; flowers
solitary in the axils; petals yellow or whitish (11).
10. Calyx otherwise, only moderately accrescent (12).
11.Stems more or less decumbent from a long, tuber-like caudex, rather
loosely pubescent with mostly few-rayed hairs; leaves symmetric or
nearly so and usually subcordate at base, rounded to acutish at apex,
oval, ovate, or suborbicular, coarsely crenate-dentate; calyx 10-15 mm.
long, strongly plicate-angulate, the lobes deeply cordate; petals 12-20
mm. long; carpels 10-14, firm-walled, coarsely reticulate, with a long,
horizontal beak, black at maturity. Texas to Arizona and northern
Mexico; southern South America ..... S. physocalyx A. Gray. Note 10
11. Stems procumbent or prostrate, often rooting at the nodes, very slender,
minutely stellate and with long, simple hairs; leaves very asymmetric
and cordate at base, acute or acuminate at apex, ovate, thin, shallowly
dentate or crenate; calyx 5-7 mm. long at maturity, the lobes scarcely
cordate; petals 6-7 mm. long; carpels 5, thin-walled, smooth or ob-
scurely reticulate, muticous or nearly so. Southern Mexico to Panana;
South Amenta s.ncas cts aaeos S. decumbens St. Hil. & Naud. Note 11
12. Inflorescences apical or subapical, corymbiform or short-racemose, the
small subulate bracts caducous; leaves with entire margins, mostly
linear or lanceolate, elongate, sharply attenuate-acuminate, short-
petiolate or subsessile. Stipules conspicuous, subulate, rather per-
sistent; calyx campanulate, pilose or villous; petals white or whitish,
often purple at base, 7-10 mm. long; carpels 7-9, muticous or nearly
so, glabrous. Mexico and West Indies to South America..............
FOO IEP Pe oe ome ns S. linifolia Juss. Note 12
12. Inflorescences otherwise, or the leaves not entire (13). .
13. Flowers closely subtended by several subulate or filiform, hispid or hirsute
bracts (reduced leaves and stipules) much longer than the calyx, the
flowers thus appearing involucellate. Herbage copiously hirsute with
yellowish, stellate hairs; leaves oblong-lanceolate to narrowly ovate,
crenate-serrate; flowers in dense axillary clusters and in leafy, spike-
like, apical inflorescences, the individual flowers subsessile; corolla
yellow, slightly longer than the calyx; carpels 7-10, apiculate. Pan-
ama; northern South America ....S. quinquenervia Duchass. Note 13
13. Flowers not so subtended (14).
14. Flowers mostly in open (or sometimes thyrsoid) more or less leafy pan-

1Sida Grayana I. D. Clement, nom. nov. Sida cuneifolia A. Gray, Bost. Jour. Nat.
Hist. 6:165 (1850), non Roxb., 1832. Note 9.

APRIL, 1954] NORTH AMERICAN SIDA 141

icles, numerous or many, usually long-pedicellate. Petals less than
10 mm. long; carpels few (15).

14. Flowers not in many-flowered panicles, or, if so (in-S. micrantha and
occasionally in S. aggregata, S. cordifolia, and S. urens) then short-
pedicellate and crowded, or if paniculate and long-pedicellate (some-
times so in S. glabra), then the flowers few and scattered (20).

15. Petals pink, purple, or dark red; glandular hairs none. Peduncles fili-
form (16).

15. Petals yellow or orange; glandular hairs present (except sometimes in
S. pyramidata) (18).

16. Leaves narrowly lanceolate, cuneate at base, attenuate-acuminate at
apex, serrate or serrulate, glabrous or glabrate above, up to 11 cm.
long, the upper ones greatly reduced. Inflorescence-branches simply
racemose; petals about 4 mm. long, pink or salmon-colored; carpels
5, obtuse, puberulent. Mexico (Sinaloa) ....... S. lodiegensis Baker f.

16. Leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate, cordate or rounded at base. Flowers
numerous, in very open panicles, the peduncles filiform, elongate (17).

17. Herbage sparsely to copiously stellate-pubescent; leaves crenate-dentate;
petals 3-5 mm. long, dark red or dark purple, often reflexed; carpels
5, muticous to cuspidate, finely reticulate. West Indies, southern
Texas, and Mexico to South America ........ S. paniculata L. Note 14

17. Herbage glabrate; leaves sharply serrate; petals up to 8 mm. long, bright
purple; carpels 6 or 7, muticous. Southern Mexico (Puebla) .........
MPT o crake 5s Siete weds cto RTA wh Ge Stare ne dees S. tehuacana Brandeg.

18. Carpels aristate, the awns slender, antrorsely pilose, much shorter than
to nearly as long as the carpel-body. Herbage copiously glandular-
pilose and with fewer long, spreading, simple hairs; inflorescence
branches elongate, rather lax, the flowers rarely solitary in the axils,
the pedicels short or elongate; leaves long-petiolate, ovate, cordate,
finely dentate or crenate; calyx at maturity rounded at base; peta!s—
5-8 mm. long; carpels 5. West Indies and Mexico to South America...
Mea A Nea As Sane Na hada ts con el, ote « S. glutinosa Commers. Note 15

18. Carpels muticous to cuspidate. Leaves broadly ovate (19).

19. Inflorescence-branches mostly elongate and more or less racemose or
subpaniculate, slender, not rigid; herbage sparsely to copiously stel-
late-puberulent, usually with few or no glandular or long, simple
hairs; leaves long-petiolate, thin, green; calyx rounded at base, not
angulate; carpels 5-8, thick, cuspidate to muticous, pilosulous, the
firm lateral walls smooth. Plants suffruticose or shrubby; petals yel-
low or orange, sometimes red at base, 6-8 mm. long. Mexico and West
Indies to northern South America. ..S. pyramidata Desportes. Note 16

19. Inflorescence-branches mostly short and corymbiform, rather stout and
rigid; herbage tomentose and more or less glandular; leaves thickish,
velutinous-canescent; calyx angulate; carpels 5, mucronulate, the thin
lateral walls finely reticulate. Revillagigedo Islands ................
Meares clara Hale AVES eee take ed Ba ae He S. nesogena Johnst. Note 17

20. Carpels 5 (21).

20. Carpels more than 5 (32).

21. Flowers very small, the petals 2-3 mm. long, not or barely surpassing the

Lie 4 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY __ [VOL. VII, NO. 6

ale

22.

aoe

23.

24.

25%

cae

26.

calyx; inflorescence an elongate, leafy thyrse with suberect, very
many-flowered branchlets. Herbage rather roughly stellate-tomentose;
leaves broadly ovate or suborbicular, cordate to truncate at base, up
to 12 cm. long; calyx rounded at base, not angulate; petals yellowish
or pink; carpels short-cuspidate (to muticous?), puberulent apically.
Cuba and South America ............. S. micrantha St. Hil. Note 18

Flowers larger, the petals slightly to considerably surpassing the calyx, or,
if sometimes not surpassing it (in S. alba?, S. jamaicensis, S. spinosa,
and S. urens) then the inflorescence not as in S. micrantha and the
flowers much less numerous (22).

Pedicels very slender, usually elongate. Calyx more or less angulate-tur-
binate; petals yellowish to orange (23).

Pedicels relatively stout, usually very short, the flowers often subsessile
(26).

Inflorescence, when well developed, forming an open, leafy, long-
branched, relatively few-flowered panicle; stems erect to weak and
sprawling; leaves up to 8 cm. long. Herbage glabrate to rather copi-
ously pubescent with mostly simple, often somewhat glandular hairs;
leaves rather long-petiolate, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, cordate at base,
acuminate, crenate to serrate, thin, nearly concolorous; petals about
6 mm. long (24).

Inflorescence not paniculate, the flowers solitary in the axils; stems de-
cumbent to prostrate; leaves seldom more than 2.5 cm. long. Carpels
3-4 mm. long, mucronate to aristate (25).

Carpels narrow, usually finely reticulate, pilose toward apex, with long
or short, antrorsely pilosulous awns. Mexico and West Indies to
road eda sored oy Weeale oo sogoopsouasoeeoouc S. glabra Mill. Note 19

Carpels round, smooth and nearly glabrous, truncate or merely apiculate
at apex. Mexico (Chihuahua, Sonora, Morelos) .:.). 022.9
shoe a ss hea ape hase Wis wists eprenivan Stee fete meee S. alamosana Wats. Note 20

Stems creeping and often rooting at the nodes, hirsute or hirsutulous
with mostly branched hairs, often very sparsely so; leaves orbicular or
broadly ovate, deeply cordate, coarsely crenate; carpels opening ir-
regularly below. West Indies ........... S. hederaefolia Cav. Note 21

Stems decumbent to prostrate, seldom, if ever, rooting at the nodes,
usually sparsely hirsute with long, simple hairs in addition to the
short, stellate and glandular pubescence; leaves ovate to lanceolate,
shallowly cordate or truncate at base, obtuse or rounded at apex,
finely to rather coarsely crenate; carpels opening at apex. Calyx
puberulent, usually also long-hirsute. Southern United States and
West Indies to northern South America ...S. procumbens Sw. Note 22

Leaves dorsiventrally distichous (in one plane). Herbage seldom con-
spicuously pubescent; stems erect or ascending; stipules conspicu-
ous, persistent, up to 4 mm. wide, lanceolate, attenuate-acuminate,
several-nerved, ciliate; leaves lanceolate, somewhat rhombic, rounded
or cuneate at base, acutish to acuminate at apex, sharply serrate,
short-petiolate or subsessile, the upper surface with rather long, ap-
pressed, simple hairs; flowers mostly in small, axillary glomerules,
sessile or very shortly pedicellate; petals yellow or whitish, usually

APRIL, 1954] NORTH AMERICAN SIDA 143

little surpassing the calyx; carpels muticous or apiculate, glabrous.
West Indies and southern Mexico to South America................
Weck aseiat Ghia kiss a wip SSM SHA LEYS S. glomerata_Commers. Note 23

26. Leaves not distichous or (in S. jamaicensis) obscurely so (27).

27. Flowers in dense, several-flowered, axillary and terminal glomerules or
racemes, these sometimes constituting a leafy panicle. Leaves mostly
long-petiolate, cordate; calyx angulate-turbinate in bud, hirsute or
villous; carpels muticous or apiculate (28).

27. Flowers axillary, solitary or in few-flowered glomerules, the inflorescence
not at all paniculate (29).

28. Stems herbaceous, hirsute with long, simple or few-armed spreading
hairs; leaves ovate to lanceolate, usually considerably longer than
wide, acuminate at apex, rather coarsely dentate or serrate, nearly
concolorous, hirsute beneath with long, simple or few-armed hairs;
petals 6-8 mm. long, about equaling the calyx; carpels 5, glabrous or
nearly so. West Indies and southern Mexico to South America.......
Based Beer Beats tase nas thee wh Sertich © lea he SRE lappa ale S. urens L. Note 24

28.Stems somewhat woody, finely stellate-tomentose, with or without long,
spreading, yellowish hairs; leaves broadly ovate, usually nearly as
wide as long, cordate, obtuse to subacuminate at apex, denticulate
or rather finely dentate, more or less discolorous, velutinous on both
surfaces with short stellate hairs; petals (7) 10-12 mm. long, surpass-
ing the calyx; carpels 5-7, puberulent, rounded-trigonous, muticous,
lightly or obscurely reticulate. West Indies and Mexico to northern
OWE PNITICINGR Sets ci saialtivla ayolei dels ane 2 S. aggregata Presl. Note 25

29. Calyx with a broad, rounded base. Stems suffrutescent, these and the
leaves and calyx densely pubescent with minute, stellate, yellowish
hairs; leaves very shortly petiolate, the blades lanceolate, up to 6 cm.
long, cuneate at base, acute, serrulate, thickish, 3-ribbed from the base
and pinnately veined, the veins very prominent beneath; flowers
axillary, solitary or loosely clustered on axillary branchlets, the pe-
duncles 1 cm. long or less; calyx-lobes acute; petals yellow, about 4
mm. long, slightly longer than the calyx; carpels apiculate. Mexico
SUSAN a ROPE) ie o5 o's i. sSismitinre Sua wise nis S. stricta Standl. Note 26

29. Calyx turbinate-angulate. Corolla (in S$. alba?) little if any longer than
the calyx (30).

30. Carpels opening irregularly below by a white membrane, shortly ros-
trate. Leaves roundish-ovate to lanceolate, subcordate to rounded at
base, serrate, minutely stellate-pubescent, sometimes densely so be-
neath; flowers solitary in the axils but becoming racemosely crowded
at apex; peduncles much shorter than the subtending leaves; petals
white or whitish. West Indies and (?) South America .............-
REIS aair. He Stowe daw tiety Sst og. sabe S. alba L. Note 27

30. Carpels opening regularly at apex, more or less aristate, the awns and
apex of the carpel-body pilousulous with antrorse or spreading hairs.
Leaves rounded, truncate or subcuneate (rarely obscurely cordate)
at base (31).

31. Herbage finely soft-tomentose; stems herbaceous or somewhat woody,
often decumbent, without infrapetiolar tubercles; leaves oblong or

144 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY __ [VOL. VII, NO. 6

31.

32.

aoe

34.

35.

36.

aie

subrhombic to suborbicular, rounded or obtuse at apex, nearly con-
colorous; corolla whitish, buff, or pale yellow. West Indies and (?)
southern Mexico to South America......... S. jamaicensis L. Note 28

Herbage minutely stellate-puberulent; stems herbaceous, erect, often
with more or less spinose infrapetiolar tubercles; leaves ovate or
oblong to (in var. angustifolia (Lam.) Griseb.) narrowly lanceolate,
obtuse or acutish at apex, usually discolorous; corolla normally yellow.
Central and southern United States and West Indies to South Amer-
a, PE RO RPE oP me Sante S AI AL gr Ak ect noe Sy S. spinosa L. Note 29

Corolla violet-purple. Stems woody, stellate-pubescent; leaves linear to
oblong, mostly 3 or more times as long as wide; flowers solitary;
peduncles slender, articulated toward apex, elongate (often surpass-
ing the subtending leaves); carpels 7-10, prominently rugose-reticu-
late (33).

Corolla whitish to orange or pink, sometimes drying red (34).

Leaves discolorous, whitish-tomentose beneath, the upper ones sub-
sessile; petals 4-5 mm. long; carpels apiculate or muticous. Texas and
northeastern Mexico. 255.52. 0s-'nane a. S. filipes A. Gray. Note 30

Leaves nearly concolorous, densely and finely stellate-pubescent on both
surfaces, all distinctly petiolate; petals 8-12 mm. long; carpels short-
aristate. Mexico (San Luis Potosi)........ S. Palmeri Baker f£. Note 31

Leaves (in S. turneroides?) distichous (Note 32). Plants herbaceous or
nearly so; herbage sparsely (rarely copiously) pubescent to nearly
glabrous; flowers solitary in the axils or in few-flowered axillary and
terminal clusters; petals (in S. twrneroides?) yellow or whitish (35).

Leaves not distichous (36).

Stipules lanceolate or subulate, often falcate, conspicuous, persistent,
prominently 3-nerved; leaves narrowly lanceolate to ovate, often
somewhat rhombic; petals little surpassing to about twice as long as
the calyx; carpels 7-12, more or less divaricately cuspidate or short-
aristate (exceptionally nearly muticous). Southeastern U. S., Ber-
muda, West Indies, Mexico, and southward; Old World tropics......
sition Salata Nas keiG ale Se pre aang aa aie yuan te cate SeeneNS S. acuta Burm. Note 33

Stipules filiform; leaves narrowly oblong or oval-oblong; petals about
twice as long as the calyx; carpels 7, aristate. Northeastern Mexico. ..
=: Menileile, Hae S waele, ale, a exe Mioeie wise yawn ame S. turneroides Standl. Note 34

Corolla very small, little surpassing the calyx, the petals 5 (—7?) mm. long,
pink with a dark basal spot (sometimes yellow when fresh?); flowers
mostly in short-pedunculate, subumbellate or subracemose, few-
flowered axillary clusters; plants shrubby or suffruticose. Herbage
stellate-tomentose; leaves short-petiolate, ovate to lanceolate, often
subrhombic, cuneate, rounded, or subcordate at base, obtuse to subacu-
minate at apex, rather finely crenate or dentate; calyx densely to-
mentose, the lobes acutish; carpels about 10, muticous or mucronu-
late, with thin, finely reticulate, lateral walls. West Indies and South
America®: G05 ike ce eels Cea ee eee ees S. acuminata DC.

Corolla larger, or the petal color or inflorescence otherwise, or the plant
herbaceous (37).

Stems prostrate; leaves less than 1 cm. long, ovate, serrate, discolorous.

APRIL, 1954| NORTH AMERICAN SIDA 145

Calyx angulate, the lobes acuminate; petals yellow; carpels 6, mu-
ticous. West Indies (Isle of Pines) ....S. nummularia Baker f. Note 35

$7. Stems normally erect or ascending; leaves mostly larger (38).

38. Carpels normally long-aristate and the awns retrorsely hispid; leaves
not rhombic. Stems usually herbaceous, occasionally with long, spread-
ing, simple hairs in addition to other pubescence (39).

38. Carpels (unknown in S. corymbosa) not long-aristate or if sometimes so
(in S. rhombifolia) then the awns not retrorsely hispid and the leaves
usually more or less rhombic (41).

39. Herbage minutely canescent; leaves mostly linear or narrowly oblong
(the lowest sometimes ovate), rounded or subcuneate at the narrow
base, denticulate or serrulate; inflorescence of solitary or binate axil-
lary flowers, these somewhat crowded and subracemose at apex of the
stem and branches; calyx 5-6 mm. long, not noticeably plicate, the
lobes not subcordate; petals whitish or cream-colored, brownish at
base, sometimes with pink veins, little if any longer than the calyx;
carpels 6-8 (10), narrow, conspicuously muricate. West Indies and
Mexico to northern South America...... S. salviaefolia Presl. Note 36

39. Herbage velutinous, often rather loosely so, the hairs fine and rather
long; leaves oblong-ovate to broadly ovate or suborbicular, cordate
or truncate at the broad base, dentate or serrate; inflorescence more
or less paniculate, usually many-flowered, the flowers mostly corym-
bosely or subracemosely crowded on the branchlets; calyx 6-8 mm.
long, plicate-angulate, the lobes broad, subcordate; petals yellow or
yellowish; carpels 7-12, rather broad at base, prominently reticulate
but seldom muricate, the awns often surpassing the calyx but occa-
sionally short and with non-retrorse hairs (40).

40. Petals up to 10 mm. long, little if any surpassing the calyx, not spotted.
Florida, Texas, West Indies, and Mexico to South America .........
EP eee Re vsiene aio a Les tae bie eye aes ae che SCONALOLA A. a NOE 3

40. Petals up to 14 mm. long, much surpassing the calyx, with a red basal
spot. Hispaniola and (?) Cuba.............. S. maculata Cav. Note 38

41. Peduncles usually equaling or surpassing the subtending leaves, these
often much reduced in the inflorescence; flowers solitary in the axils;
leaves not rhombic. Carpels about 10 (42).

41. Peduncles shorter (usually much shorter) than the subtending leaves,
except occasionally in S. rhombifolia, S. tragiaefolia, and S. Elliottii
(45).

42. Leaves (at least the lower ones) ovate to broadly lanceolate, crenate or
crenate-serrate (43).

42. Leaves all linear-lanceolate or narrowly oblanceolate, crenulate or ser-
rulate. Petals yellow or orange, 12-14 mm. long (44).

43. Inflorescence appearing racemose because of the great reduction of the
upper leaves; herbage more or less glandular; lower leaves prevailingly
ovate- or oblong-lanceolate, up to 10 cm. long; peduncles up to 5 cm.
long; petals white or salmon-colored, 15-25 mm. long. Baja California
AAI RANGER eS acta isnlatetialanigd Gis KO ofsldbabovie rae. S. Xanti A. Gray

43. Inflorescence not at all racemose, the flowers few, solitary in the upper
axils; herbage not glandular; leaves all ovate or oval, up to 4 cm. long,

146 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY __ [VOL. VII, NO. 6

44.

45.
ADs

46.

47.

47.
48.

48.

49.

49:
50.

50.

the upper ones not greatly reduced; peduncles up to 10 cm. long;
petals yellow, about 7 mm. long. Mexico (San Luis Potosi)...........
hatte aed he Ae SSG eet Gore eee a teie ome S. potosina Brandeg.

Peduncles up to 5 cm. long, articulated considerably below the apex;
carpels cuspidate, puberulent or glabrate, prominently rugose-retic-
ulate. Louisiana and Texas to Guatemala ....-- >... 2s eee
Lape non wae SU te mass Leas S. Lindheimeri Engelm. & Gray. Note 39

Peduncles 7.5-15 cm. long, articulated near apex; carpels muticous, glab-
rous. Western Texas, northeastern Mexico, and (?) New Mexico.....
Piles Ren aie eee eee e eters eas ache ne ciotale eiektmtatone S. longipes A. Gray

Plants more or less woody (46).

Plants (except sometimes in §. rhombifolia and S. tragiaefolia) herbace-
ous above the caudex (51).

Flowers in dense, several-flowered, axillary and terminal glomerules or
racemes, these sometimes constituting a leafy panicle, the peduncles
shorter than the flowers; carpels 5-7. (For other characters see second
paragraph 28.) West Indies and Mexico to northern South America...
SUD ON OP O55 od CCI oe DIOL LOO OS II om po Bfa.c S. aggregata Pres]

Flowers solitary or geminate in the axils, often more or less aggregated
at apex of the stem and branches; carpels seldom fewer than 8 (47).

Carpels 7 or 8. Stipules long-ciliate; leaves narrowly oblong or lanceolate-
oblong, rounded at base, dentate above the middle, green and sparsely
pubescent with long, appressed, simple hairs above, paler and copi-
ously stellate-pilose beneath; calyx turbinate, 10-nerved, the nerves
thickened at base, the lobes long-acuminate; corolla about equaling
the calyx; mature fruit unknown. Mexico (Tepic to Vera Cruz) ......
site Love sadts wits e radatauerele oN a nn Rete Tae S. corymbosa R. E. Fries. Note 40

Carpels (8) 10-12 (48).

Leaves broadly oval or oblong-oval, obtuse or subcuneate at base, sparse-
ly pilose on both surfaces; carpels subacute, about 2.5 mm. long.
Calyx about 7 mm. long, the lobes acuminate; petals about 11 mm.
long, yellow, fading pink. Mexico (Michoacan)..................4..
Bi SSIs he Reale Seabees Pee eateries taal ae S. Woronovii Ulbr. Note 41

Leaves lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate to ovate-oblong; carpels shortly
beaked or aristate (49).

Upper and lower leaf-surfaces soft-pubescent. Leaves serrate, rounded or
subcordate at base; calyx about 6 mm. long, the lobes acute or sub-
acuminate; petals longer than the calyx; carpels 10-12, cornute,
reticulate laterally. Central America (El Salvador) .................
Phaiidn ns Cee ts ee Meee ea AE as eres S. Barclayi Baker f. Note 42

Upper leaf-surface glabrous or glabrescent (50).

Calyx 5-8 mm. long, the lobes acute or short-acuminate; carpels with
subapical awns up to 1.5 mm. long, thin-walled, reticulate. Plant
suffruticose; corolla 11-12 mm. long, white or pale reddish-yellow.
West Indies (Cuba, Jamaica, Leeward Islands, Trinidad) ............
s ahafaideiheata Paes saicieng Seas cies Meee ets S. antillensis Urban. Note 43

Calyx 3-3.5 mm. long, the lobes subulate-acuminate; carpels with beaks
0.5 mm. long. Corolla unknown. Jamaica. .S. troyana Urban. Note 44

Leaves normally more or less rhombic and cuneate at base, lanceolate to

APRIL, 1954] NORTH AMERICAN SIDA ee

ovate or obovate, finely serrate, discolorous, short-petiolate. Plants
herbaceous or suffrutescent, rarely shrubby; herbage and calyx finely
stellate-pubescent or glabrate; stipules more or less persistent; flowers
axillary, solitary or more or less aggregated at ends of the branchlets,
the peduncles much shorter than to nearly equaling the leaves; petals
somewhat longer than the calyx, yellow or whitish, sometimes pur-
plish at base; carpels mostly 10-14, nearly muticous to long-aristate
with glabrous or antrorsely pilosulous awns. Southern United States
to Arizona (introduced in California) and West Indies to South Amer-
Nils AOI AV OFLE ERO PICS 6.5 coe espe win ds oem S. rhombifolia L. Note 45

51. Leaves not rhombic or cuneate, serrate or crenate. Species difficult to
distinguish (52).

52. Upper leaves often greatly reduced and the inflorescence appearing elon-
gate-racemose; peduncles often longer than the subtending leaves;
leaves prevailingly ovate or oblong-lanceolate, truncate or subcordate
at base, crenate or crenate-serrate, often coarsely so; plant often suf-
frutescent. Calyx puberulent to villous; petals orange or yellow, 10-15
mm. long. Southern Texas, southern Arizona, and northern Mexico. .
Rae iciohe foe Minahat asians Sleials.cin! « S. tragiaefolia A. Gray. Note 46

52. Upper leaves usually not greatly reduced; peduncles shorter (usually
much shorter) than the subtending leaves; leaves narrower, rounded
or subcuneate at base, finely serrate or serrulate; plants herbaceous
(53).

53. Flowers relatively large, the petals about 15 mm. long (54).

53. Flowers mostly smaller, the petals usually less than 15 mm. long (55).

54. Calyx finely pubescent; leaves oblong-lanceolate, elliptic, or narrowly
obovate; petals orange; carpels usually aristate. Seeds pubescent at the
LTT 2) 59 20 cd bk ne S. rubromarginata Nash. Note 47

54. Calyx usually more or less villous-hirsute at base; leaves lanceolate or
linear-oblong; petals yellowish; carpels more or less bidentate, strongly
incurved. Southeastern Virginia............. S. inflexa Fern. Note 48

55. Stems several or numerous, low (exceptionally 75 cm. long), spreading or
ascending from a woody caudex (or rootstock?); petals drying pink
(orange when fresh?). Flowers mostly in few-flowered terminal clus-
ters; leaves linear-lanceolate or the lower ones oblong or elliptic, the
upper leaves not greatly reduced; stipules conspicuous, persistent.
Western Texas to southern Arizona and Mexico... .....5...5...055
negocuebeboncuoouco ve guanggasmouucenbuace S. neomexicana A. Gray

55. Stems few, more erect; petals yellow or orange (56).

56. Leaf-blades narrowly linear, these and the calyx-lobes often red-mar-
gined; pedicels often much longer than the calyx; stems up to 50 cm.
long; carpels (always?) cuspidate or shortly aristate. Southeastern
Oe te A OEE ee ee ET ee S. Elliottii Torr. & Gray. Note 49

56. Leaf-blades linear-lanceolate, oblanceolate, or the lowest elliptic, these
and the calyx-lobes not red-margined; pedicels not longer than calyx;
stems up to 130 cm. long; carpels rounded at apex, mucronate to
nearly muticous. Southeastern U.S. ............ S. leptophylla Small

148 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY __ [VOL. VII, NO. 6

NOTES

1. The following species (?), some of which may not belong to the genus
Sida as now restricted, have not been identified: S. amatlensis Sessé & Mog. -
(Mexico), S. Anoda Sessé & Moc. (Mexico), S. bicallosa Raf. (U. S. A.), S.
bicolor Cav. (Mexico), S. brachystemon DC. (Mexico), S. cardanisea Raf.
(U.S.A.), S. coerulea Sessé & Mog. (Mexico), S. collina Schlecht. (Mexico),
S. conferta Sessé & Mog. (Puerto Rico), S. costata Schlecht. (Mexico), S. de-
flexa Cav. (Cuba), S. gracilis Rich. non Ell. (West Indies), S hastifolia Sessé
& Moc. (Mexico), S. hermanniaefolia Willd. (Mexico), S. hibisciformis Bertol.
(Guatemala), S. integrifolia Sessé & Moc. (Cuba, Mexico), S. Kunthiana Pres]
(Mexico), S. mexicana Scop. (Mexico), S. parviflora Sessé & Mog non Willd.
(Cuba), S. repens Sessé & Mog. (Cuba), S. Schmitzii Turcz. (Mexico), S. triloba
Sessé & Moc. (Mexico).

2. Synonym: S. Napaea Cav.

3. Synonyms: S. erosa Salzm., S. fulva St. Hil., S. muricata Cav.; and per-
haps S. plumosa Cav. and S. tridentata Cav. Three varieties are distinguished
in Fl. Bras. (123:284, 285).

4. Synonyms: S. fasciculata Torr. & Gray non Willd., S. anomala var.
mexicana Moric. (a very narrow-leaved form with leaves dentate only at
apex), S. ciliaris var. anomala (St. Hil.) Hochr., S. ciliaris var. mexicana
(Moric.) Shinners.—Intergrades, apparently, with S. ciliaris.

5. A heterogeneous and poorly defined section.

6. Synonyms: S. leprosa var. hederacea K. Schum., S. obliqua Nutt. The
involucel-bractlets are attached slightly below (or sometimes on?) the calyx-
tube.

7. Synonym: S. sagittifolia (A. Gray) Cory.

8. Possibly hybridizes with S. hederacea.

9. Dr. Clement has kindly given permission to publish this new name.

10. Synonym: S. hastata St. Hil., non Willd. R. E. Fries (Sv. Vet. Akad.
Hand. ser. 2, 42(12):35) distinguished two varieties (as of S. hastata), var.
glabriuscula in North America and var. tomentosa in South America.

11. Synonyms: S. stolonifera Salzm. ex Turcz., Anoda decumbens Hochr.
Because of the hyaline lateral walls of the carpels, Hochreutiner transferred
this species to Anoda, but it was retained in Sida by Rodrigo and by Mon-
teiro f.

12. Synonyms: S. angustissima Migq., S. campi Vell., S. longifolia Brandeg.,
S. viminea Fisch.

13. Synonyms: Sida guianensis K. Schum., Sidastrum quinquenervium
Baker f.

14. Synonyms: S. alpestris St. Hil., S. atrosanguinea Jacq., S. capillaris
Cav., S. floribunda H.B.K., S. Humboldtii D. Dietr., etc.

15. Synonyms: S. Endlicheriana Presl, S. insperata Standl. & Williams, S.
nervosa DC., and S. pannosa Turcz.

16. Synonyms: S. dumosa Sw., S. cinerea Baker f., S. glanduligera Benth.,
S. leiophylla Spreng.; and perhaps S. Hilariana Presl.

17. Johnston compared this species with S. glutinosa, S. glabra, and S.
alamosana, but it seems quite distinct from any of these.

18. Synonyms: S. buettneriacea Klotzsch, S. phlebococca Griseb.

19. Synonyms: S. arguta Sw., S. ulmifolia Cav.; and perhaps S. verruculata

APRIL, 1954] NORTH AMERICAN SIDA 149

DC.—S. glabra var. setifera Helwig from Hispaniola has the stems and
petioles copiously hirsute with very long (up to 3 mm.), very fine hairs, and
awns about as long as the body of the carpel. i

20. Very similar, except in the remarkably different carpels, to S. glabra,
of which it was cited as a synonym by Standley (Trees & Shrubs Mexico, p.
767).

21. Perhaps not specifically distinct from §. veronicaefolia Lam. It is S.
veronicifolia var. hederifolia K. Schum. Synonym (?): S. humilis Cav. (See
Jennings, Ann. Carnegie Museum 11:179).

22. Synonyms: S. diffusa H.B.K., S. filicaulis Torr. & Gray, S. filiformis
Moric. non Jacq., S. ovata Cav., S. pilosa Cav., 8. supina L’Her.; and perhaps
S. caespitosa Helwig.—Sida filiformis is a narrow-leaved form with no long
hairs on the stems.

23. Synonym: S. mollis Rich. non Ortega. Mexican specimens previously
identified as S. glomerata were referred by Standley (Trees & Shrubs Mexico,
p. 766) to S. corymbosa R. E. Fries, with 7 or 8 carpels.

24. Synonyms: S. breviflora Steud., S. debilis G. Don, S. sessiliflora G. Don
non D. Dietr., S. verticillata Cav.

25. Synonyms: S. savannarum K. Schum., S. ampla M. E. Jones; and per-
haps S. arguta Pres] non Sw. and S. setifera Presl.

26. This very distinct species superficially resembles narrow-leaved forms
of Sphaeralcea angustifolia.

27. Characters from Fl. Jamaica 5(3):114. S. alba is given as a synonym of
S. spinosa by Baker f. and in FI. Bras. This species (?) is inadequately known.

28. Synonyms: S. alnifolia Pres] non L. (fide Fl. Jamaica), S. hermannioides
H. B. K., S. tristis Schlecht.

29. Synonyms: S. alnifolia L., S. angustifolia Lam., S. heterocarpa Engelm.,
S. hyssopifolia Presl, S. linearis Cav., $8. minor Macf., S. pusilla Cav., S.
tenuicaulis Hook. f.; and perhaps S. subdistans St. Hil. & Naud.

30. Synonym (?): S. venusta Schlecht., an older name.

31. Synonym: Sphaeralcea ? fruticosa Brandeg. In publishing this species
Brandegee questioned its position in Sphaeralcea.

32. This, in S. acuta, usually apparent even in dried specimens.

33. Synonyms: S. Berlandieri Turcz., S. carpinifolia L. f., S. frutescens Cav.,
S. Garckeana Polak., S. glabra Nutt. non Mill., S. jamaicensis Vell. non L.,
S. obtusa A. Rich. non Cav., S. planicaulis Cav., S. stipulata Cav., S. trivialis
Macf., S. ulmifolia Mill., etc.

34. Perhaps not specifically distinct from S. acuta. Leaves “probably dis-
tichous” fide Standley (Field Mus. Bot. Ser. 22:90).

35. Although Baker gave the number of carpels as 6, it cannot be deter-
mined from his brief description whether S. nummularia is distinct from S.
procumbens Sw. (Compare second paragraph 25.)

36. Synonyms: S. Holwayi Baker f. & Rose, S. erecta Macf., S. angustissima
St. Hil. var. Mortiziana K. Schum., S. spinosa L. var. salviaefolia (Presl)
Baker f.

37. Synonyms: S. althaeifolia Sw., §. hamulosa Salzm., S. herbacea Cav.,
S. micans Cav., S. pellita H.B.K., 8. portoricensis Spreng., S. pungens H.B.K.,
S. rotundifolia Lam., S. suberosa L’Hér., S. truncata Cav., etc. In var. altheae-
folia (Sw.) Griseb., the carpels are short-awned to nearly muticous.

150 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY __ [VOL. VII, NO. 6

38. Usually cited as a synonym of S. cordifolia but Urban (Symb. Anitill.
8:417) recognized it as a species, although he mentioned no distinguishing
characters.

39. Synonyms: S. Elliottii var. texana Torr. & Gray, S. texana Small. Seems
very close to S. Elliottii (first paragraps 56) except in its longer peduncles.

40. Synonym: S. glomerata Hemsl. non Cav. Leaves described by Fries as
spirally disposed. See also S. glomerata, first paragraph 26.

41. Perhaps not specifically distinct from S. rhombifolia.

42. Doubtfully distinct from S. rhombifolia.

43. Considered by Urban (Symb. Ant. 5:418) to be intermediate between
S. rhombifolia and S. spinosa but if Broadway 2593 from Trinidad (U. S.
Nat. Herb. 1047692) is typical of S. antillensis it is distinct from either of
those species. It is certainly not S. carpinifolia (S. acuta) to which it was
reduced by Britton & Wilson (Sci. Surv. Porto Rico and Virgin Islands 5:552).

44. “Perhaps a depauperate form of S. rhombifolia” (F1. Jamaica 53:120).

45. Synonyms: S. alba Cav. non L.,, S. canariensis Willd., S. hondensis
H.B.K., S. rhomboidea Roxb., S. ruderata Macf., S. scoparia Vell., S. sur-
inamensis Migq., S. trinervia Splitg.; and perhaps S. callifera Griseb., S.
Haenkeana Presl, and S. Kohautiana Presl.

46. Apparently rather closely related to S. Xanti (first paragraph 43).

47. The seed-character was pointed out by Hochreutiner (Ann. Genéve
6:35) who stated that in the related S. Elliottii the seeds are completely
glabrous. Seeds not described for S. inflexa and S. leptophylla.

48. The calyx in Fernald & Long 11372, cited by Fernald in his description
of this species (Rhodora 42:463-465), is not as characterized in the key. It
is so, however in Fernald & Long 11077.

49. Synonym: S. gracilis Ell. non Rich.

INDEX

(The numbers refer to paragraphs of the key)
acuminata 36 Grayana 9 paniculata 17
acuta 35 hederacea 8 physocalyx 11
aggregata 28, 46 hederaefolia 25 potosina 43
alamosana 24 Helleri 9 procumbens 25
alba 30 hermaphrodita | pyramidata 19
anomala 5 inflexa 54 : quinquenervia 13
antillensis 50 jamaicensis 31 rhombifolia 51
Barclayi 49 lepidota 8 rubromarginata 54
Brittoni 4 leptophylla 56 salviaefolia 39
ciliaris 5 Lindheimeri 44 spinosa 31
cordifolia 40 linifolia 12 stricta 29
corymbosa 47 lodiegensis 16 tehuacana 17
decumbens 11 longipes 44 tragiaefolia 52
Eggersii 2 maculata 40 troyana 50
Elliottii 56 micrantha 21 turneroides 35
filipes 33 neomexicana 55 urens 28
glabra 24 nesogena 19 Woronovii 48
glomerata 26 nummularia 37 Xanti 43

glutinosa 18 Palmeri 33

APRIL, 1954] SIERRA NEVADA WEEDS 151

NEW WEEDS FOR THE SIERRA NEVADA, CALIFORNIA. On May 9,
1953, while traveling along.the Oroville road 3.3 miles from
Bangor, Butte County, I noticed along the roadside in the oak
woodland what appeared to be an erect clover with bright
strawberry-red corollas. Upon further examination, it has proved
to be Trifolium incarnatum L., a native of middle and southern
Europe. While this striking clover has been reported from north-
ern California a few times previously (e.g., Weeds of California,
1951 ed., p. 268), this is probably the first record for the Sierra
Nevada, my No. 5458. It is occasionally utilized as a forage crop
in the northern Sacramento Valley.

But this was not the only unusual clover at this station.
Some plants a short distance removed have since proved to be
Trifolium hirtum All. (5456). This interesting annual is a native
of the Mediterranean region of Europe and North Africa. It
may be distinguished from the other Californian species of
Trifolium by the conspicuous involucre, the 20-nerved villous
calyx, the elongate purplish banner, and the linear appendages
of the stipules. The remarkable involucre, which is penciled
with pink and purple, is formed by the expanded stipules and
leaf-bases of the uppermost leaves. While this clover has not
yet been reported from western North America, Fernald (Gray’s
Manual of Botany, ed. 8, 1950, p. 893) and others record it as a
weed in Virginia. It may turn up elsewhere in the United States,
the plants growing from seeds imported from Europe as mix-
tures in commercial clover seed.

‘In a nearby stream bed grew the rarely reported rubiaceous
weed, Crucianella angustifolia L. (5442A ), growing with Hedyp-
nois cretica (L.) Willd. (5452) and Dianthus prolifer L. (5460).
The Crucianella was observed to be fairly common in the oak
belt of Butte and Yuba counties. This is the second collection
I know of from California. The first was collected on the west
side of the Sacramento Valley by A. A. Beetle in 1944 on dry
hills near Igo, Shasta County. This collection was reported
(Leafl. West. Bot. 4:64) as from Tehama County. This plant is
also a native of the Mediterranean region of Europe and North
Africa.

And so a natural-appearing hillside in Butte County yielded
several interesting weeds.—Peter H. Raven.

152 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY __ [VOL. VII, NO. 6

LINARIA DALMATICA IN THE PaciFic STATES. The showy Dal-
matian toadflax, Linaria dalmatica (L.) Miller, has escaped from
cultivation and may be reported in California, Oregon, and
Washington as shown by the following records in Herb. Calif.
Arad Sc

CatiFornia: Vista, San Diego Co., Munz 15571 in 1938; Sati-
coy, Ventura Co., Holmer in 1952.

OreEcon: Burns, Harney Co., J. T. Howell 28660 in 1952; 4
miles south of Condon, Gilliam Co., Cronquist 6713 in 1950;
garden escape in empty lot, Klamath Falls, Klamath Co., M. S.
Baker 11459 in 1946; dry roadside, Brothers, Deschutes Co.,
Peck 25841 in 1949.

WASHINGTON: east of Easton, Kittitas Co., Ricker 6319 in 1946.
In 1952, I saw the plant along the highway between Davenport
and Spokane but I made no collection.

The species has recently been reported from Flagstaff, Ari-
zona, where it is also an escape from cultivation (Leafl. West.
Bot. 7:6).—JoHN THomMAs HowELt.

CONCERNING THE AUTHORSHIP OF ANTENNARIA ROSEA. For a
number of years I have attributed the name Antennaria rosea
to “(D. C. Eat.) Greene,” but in a recent letter, Dr. Arthur Cron-
quist of the New York Botanical Garden tells me why I have
been wrong. He gives me permission to publish the following:

“My attribution of Antennaria rosea to Greene rather than to
(D. C. Eaton) Greene was intentional and I think entirely legal.
Antennaria dioica var. rosea D. C: Eaton (1871) was a nomen
nudum, not validly published, as was also A. parvifolia var. rosea
Greene (Pitt. 3:175, 281—1897). Since the Rules state that names
which are not validly published ‘have no status under the Rules,
and no claim to recognition by botanists,’ these names should
not be referred to in the author-citation. So far as I am aware,
the first valid publication of the epithet rosea for the plant in
question is that given by Greene in Pittonia 3:281 (1898), where
he used the binomial, Antennaria rosea. The technically proper
citation of the name is thus A. rosea Greene, not A. rosea (D. C.
Eaton) Greene.” —J. ‘T. HOWELL.

rey ae oe

NEW
BOTA:

GAR
Vol. VII No.7

LEAFLETS
of
WESTERN BOTANY

CONTENTS
PAGE
Rene Mmuer, VW hen 1 Dime 2527 cs NT eS
Joun THomas HOWELL
Further Additions to the Known Floraof Arizona. . . 165
THomas H. KEARNEY
Concerning Fruit-color in Dirca occidentalis . . . . 176

Joun THomMAs Howe.

This number published with funds from
THE CALIFORNIA BOTANICAL CLUB

SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA
Aucust 26, 1954

i955

MAK %

LEAFLETS

of
WESTERN BOTANY

Cited as

LEAFL. WEsT. Bor.

Owned and published by

Joun THomMAs HOWELL

AUGUST, 1954] I REMEMBER 153

“1 REMEMBER, WHEN L THINK...”

BY JOHN THOMAS HOWELL

It was early in 1924 when I first saw Miss Eastwood. At the
time, I was on a field trip of the Calypso Club, the students’
botanical club at the University of California, and a group of
us were on our way from Mill Valley to the north side of Mt.
Tamalpais under the leadership of Herbert Mason. When we
were about to pass the gate marked “Eastwood” on the upper
part of Summit Avenue, Herbert suggested that we stop and
say “Good morning” to the head of the Botany Department of
the California Academy of Sciences, if she was at home. She was,
and welcomed us into her garden. There she showed us the un-
usual exotics and rare Californians she had brought together,
and told us about them with that enthusiasm for plants which
over the years attracted so many plant-lovers to her.

How well I remember that morning at the Eastwood place
above Mill Valley! A beginner in Botany, I trailed along after
Miss Eastwood and Herbert, in awed admiration at the learned
remarks that passed between them. Little did we suspect then
that five years later fire would sweep down the chaparral-cov-
ered slopes of Mt. Tamalpais, leaving the Eastwood place in
ashes; nor did we foresee that in May of that same year, 1929,
I would begin work at the Academy under Miss Eastwood.

My first strictly botanical visit to the Academy was in the
fall of 1926, after I had begun work in Lessingia under Dr.
Willis Linn Jepson as partial fulfillment of requirements for a
master’s degree at the university. There in the Academy’s flower-
show, then as now displayed in the foyer of the North American
Hall, were the first living specimens I ever saw of L. germano-
rum. I hurried up to the herbarium to introduce myself and
my problem to Miss Eastwood and to inquire the place where
the Lessingia had been found. She told me she had picked it
that very morning from the sand hill just east of St. Ignatius
College (now the University of San Francisco) where she had
spotted them from a McAllister Street trolley when on her way
to the Academy.

She took a real interest in my problem and spared no trouble
to make that first and subsequent visits to the Academy her-
barium pleasant and profitable. Dr. Jepson, in a remote sort of

Leaflets of Western Botany, Vol. VII, pp. 153-176, August 26, 1954.

Iba LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. VII, NO. 7

way, was probably just as keenly interested, but he did not seem
to have the same personal regard for my problems. His distant
supervision of my work, it is true, promoted self-reliance and
initiative, but precluded any sociable intercourse that would
have made study under him more pleasurable. Is it any wonder
then that later, whenever I revisited the Bay region from my
first botanical positions at the University of California in Los
Angeles or at the Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden, I visited
the Academy as faithfully as I did my alma mater. And it was
natural that, on the termination of my work at the Rancho Santa
Ana, I should turn to the Academy for employment since, at the
time, there was none to be had in Berkeley.

It is interesting to compare Miss Eastwood and Dr. Jepson,
since both have had so great an influence on California Botany
over approximately the same period of years. As a student under
Jepson, I gave him the adulation of a hero-worshiper, though
now I wonder how I could have been quite so extravagant with
so reserved a person. I still think that Jepson’s magnetic per-
sonality attracted me, but undoubtedly it was my love of plants
and desire to learn about them that exalted, in my mind, the
person who knew so much. I was like one starved and waiting
for food, and was filled with gratitude when the master let fall
a crust of knowledge or a crumb of wisdom. With Miss East-
wood, nothing of knowledge or wisdom was reserved—her table
was a veritable feast spread out for any who wished to sample
or to partake deeply. Only an intimate few came to know Jep-
son (I count myself fortunate to have been among them); but
anyone with a sincere love of flowers or beauty could have
known Miss Eastwood.

I believe a reason for Jepson’s reserve and Miss Eastwood’s
openness is to be sought in their different approaches to truth.
Both wished to arrive at a true exposition of the plants they
studied: Jepson, after prolonged deliberation, strove to arrive
without making a mistake; Miss Eastwood was much more hasty
and did not fear to express almost precipitately what she was
convinced of at the time. On a field trip, Jepson would rarely
express his opinion on a critical species; Miss Eastwood was
most expressive on a trip, giving names to the most puzzling
plants or making remarks about them. Fear of making a mis-
take was undoubtedly a causative factor in Jepson’s reserve;
freedom from fear was part of Alice Eastwood’s strength.

AUGUST, 1954] I REMEMBER 155

The Jepson and Eastwood concepts of species were so far
apart that the two botanists could never have been close sci-
entifically — he conservative, with a broad concept reminiscent
of George Bentham, Asa Gray, and Joseph Dalton Hooker; she
sympathetic with the proposals and outlook of Edward Lee
Greene. Jepson would never accept any plant as a species unless
he was persuaded that it was a good species and, since he dis-
agreed with Miss Eastwood’s view of specific limits, he either
ignored or reduced most of her specific proposals. Miss East-
wood, on the other hand, would never discard another botanist’s
proposal until she was persuaded it was not good, so hesitant
was she of wronging the opinion of a fellow-worker. Miss East-
wood would maintain a species until it was proved false; Dr.
Jepson would accept no species until it was proved good: Miss
Eastwood’s approach to plants was essentially analytic; Jep-
son’s approach, conditioned by his life-work on his Flora of Cali-
fornia, was definitely synthetic. Miss Eastwood’s power of ob-
servation and discernment of differences were greater; Jepson’s
ability to evaluate characters and delineate a hierarchy of taxa
was outstanding. Small definite differences would delimit an
Eastwood taxon, and with Miss Eastwood, most delimitable en-
tities were proposed as species. That so many of her proposals
are proving of critical interest to students with training in
genetics attests the keen discrimination Miss Eastwood has
shown. Miss Eastwood could never have written a manual on
California plants; Jepson could never have plumbed the taxo-
nomic depths of California Arctostaphylos.

Among their friends and acquaintances, Miss Eastwood and
Dr. Jepson were not always cordial in their remarks about each
other, but that is understandable when one recalls how diver-
gent were their botanical opinions. Dr. Jepson never directly
disclosed to me his real feelings when I accepted a position under
Miss Eastwood at the Academy, but from friends who were
working in his laboratory, I learned that he declared that I had
deserted to “the camp of the enemy!”’ (It was at that time I had
to relinquish my position as Secretary of the California Botani-
cal Society, of which he was still president, and it was several
years before I could pay my respects personally to my former
Professor of Botany.) Miss Eastwood, on her side, put on the
appearance of broad-mindedness by expressing her admiration
for Jepson’s beautiful literary style and by acknowledging his

156 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. VII, NO. 7

ability to organize material and publish books, but then she
would add devastatingly, that as a botanist, he was a “muddle-
head!”

Little wonder, is it, that out of this divergence of personality
and scientific outlook the legend developed that Miss Eastwood
and Dr. Jepson were unfriendly, but such was not exactly the
case. It will be remembered that in the ’90’s, Miss Eastwood was
an assistant editor of Jepson’s journal, Erythea, and she was a
faithful contributor to many of its pages. Then, in 1935, at
Kew, I saw and heard how cordial and congenial the two Cali-
fornia botanists could be when Miss Eastwood and I were in-
vited by Dr. Jepson to have lunch with him. Four years later
he accepted the Academy’s invitation to sit at the head table
at the luncheon honoring Miss Eastwood on her eightieth birth-
day. And once, I have heard, he even accepted an invitation to
address a meeting of the California Botanical Club, which was
to be more closely identified with Miss Eastwood than was the
California Botanical Society with Jepson.

While I have been at the Academy, the exchange of cor-
respondence between Miss Eastwood and Dr. Jepson was slight,
but what there was was usually maintained at a decorous and
dignified level. I do not recall any letter in which he expressed
what his real feelings, botanical or otherwise, may have been;
but I do recall once when Miss Eastwood sent him a note that
must have given him a twinge. Early in 1946, fifteen years after
LEAFLETS OF WESTERN Botany had been founded, it suited Dr.
Jepson’s convenience to recognize the existence of the journal
by submitting to Miss Eastwood and me a note for publication.
Naturally Miss Eastwood and I were very happy, but she did
not tell Jepson so. Instead she sent him a brief note accepting
the manuscript and thanking him for his “tacit approval” of our
journal! I can well imagine that on the receipt of that note, Jep-
son may have wished he had again resurrected his own journal,
Erythea, for the publication of Habenaria Greenet, instead of
presenting the “enemy’s camp” with so vulnerable an opening.

Miss Eastwood lived with the better things of life and what
was to her ugly or sordid had no place. So accustomed had she
become to looking on the good side of things, she seemed at
times to lose the ability to perceive evil. In this regard, I recall
the time I went to see Alfred Lunt and Lynn Fontanne in Mol-
nar’s ‘““The Guardsman,” a film which Miss Eastwood recom-

AUGUST, 1954] I REMEMBER 157

mended as something not-to-be-missed. Afterwards, wondering
how she could be so positive and naive in her belief in the
wife’s virtue, I told her that the plot, to me, could lend itself
to quite a different interpretation, no more complimentary to
the wife than to the husband. Immediately she saw the point, but
would have none of it: “Only a person with an evil mind could
look at it that way,” said she! (Miss Eastwood was a staunch fem-
inist, and her reaction to ““The Guardsman” might well have
resulted from her conviction of feminine virtue and masculine
vice.)

Although Miss Eastwood was almost puritanical in her moral
outlook, she took delight in flouting trivial social conventions,
acts that showed both her disregard for convention as such and
her independence in thought and action. Because I was not yet
around, I can’t remember her daringly short ankle-length skirts
which she persisted in wearing, though fashion of the ’90’s de-
creed “‘street-sweepers’’; but I do recall the touch of pride in
her voice when she recounted her audacity in ignoring the so-
called dictates of fashion. Another infringement of custom oc-
curred when she, a lady, drank beer at a luncheon in the main
dining room of the Hotel Amstel in Amsterdam because the
day was warm and she wanted it — and how delighted she was
when the late Dr. H. A. Spoehr, in fun, chided her for her in-
discretion.

When it came to conversation, she had no hesitancy in de-
scribing matters that would be banned from parlor conversa-
tion by such people who would call a “leg’’ a “limb” to be
polite. One of her most dramatic and annihilating remarks in
this way came when she was addressing her many friends and
admirers at a luncheon given by the San Francisco Garden
Club in the ballroom of the Fairmont Hotel on the occasion of
her ninetieth birthday. She had arrived at the luncheon in good
spirits but a trifle shaken because she had had a fall at her home
that morning. Word of the tumble had got around through the
throng, and too many were tiringly solicitous as to how she was.
When she arose to speak, before extending her appreciation
and thanks for the luncheon, she quieted all further remarks
“from the floor’? — not by telling in polite terms that she had
had a slight tumble, but rather that she had lost her balance and
had ‘“‘sat down hard on my rump, and, of course, that wouldn't
hurt anyone!” I can still remember how delightfully shocked

158 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. VII, NO. 7

the ladies of the audience were — Alice Eastwood, the unconven-
tional and unpredictable, had scored again.

Another incident will not only illustrate Miss Eastwood's
disregard for trivial conventions, but also her lack of concern
about her clothes, just so they were neat and appropriate. In
June, 1937, Miss Eastwood, Dr. Isabel McCracken, and I were
preparing to leave for a visit with Mr. and Mrs. James K. Mof-
fitt at their ranch near Yorkville in Mendocino County, when
Miss Eastwood slipped on one of the paths in Golden Gate
Park and sat down in a puddle. Her skirt was a sight with mud
and water, and though it was too late for her to return home for
a change of clothes, she was quite equal to the situation. Back
in the Academy, off came her skirt which she cleaned with gen-
erous applications of fresh water, and she left on the journey
wearing her petticoat as an outer skirt, while the wet overskirt
was draped on the back of the car seat to dry en route!

Miss Eastwood’s disregard for the appearance of her clothes
reminds me of the story told of a prominent San Francisco
banker, who, when urged by an acquaintance to dress better
and more in keeping with the position he occupied, replied:
“Why should I be bothered? When I am here in San Francisco,
everybody knows who I am, and when I am elsewhere, nobody
cares who I am.”

Miss Eastwood liked the good and the beautiful in their many
manifestations, but things that were complex, overly ornate, or
ostentatious did not appeal to her or might even repel her. ‘This
preference for what was simple applied not only to art and music
but also to such essentials as food and clothes. A simple French
dressing on a salad was preferred to mayonnaise; butter, pepper,
and salt enhanced the flavor of good vegetables that would, for
her, be ruined by an elaborate sauce; gum drops were her
favorite candy. In the matter of clothes she was more frugal than
simple in her choice, but certainly she never indulged in any
fastidious furbelow merely to be in fashion. Love for what she
called ‘“‘pure music’ led her to prefer chamber music to operatic
or even symphonic works, and a composer like Haydn was pre-_
ferred to Wagner or Richard Strauss. In painting and sculpture
the love of what was good but simple could also be noted —
when she and I visited the Louvre in 1935, she took me to see
Mona Lisa and Whistler’s Mother rather than to see Reubens;

AUGUST, 1954] I REMEMBER 159

the Winged Victory and Venus de Milo were sought out among
the sculptures. She was fond of poetry and the works of the Eng-
lish and American nineteenth century writers were her delight
and joy. “Best sellers’ were rarely her choice; she preferred,
rather, to reread an old work which was tried and true. Among
the novels, those of Henry James were perhaps her favorites. She
liked to read mystery novels for pleasure and relaxation and
never missed one that might be serially published in her favorite
magazine, “The Saturday Evening Post.”

Food is an essential matter in the life of everyone, but with
Miss Eastwood it could also furnish an absorbing topic for con-
versation as well as an important part of social and family cor-
respondence, while the preparation of food in her kitchen nook
at home partook of a recreational activity. Almost invariably
the Thursday afternoon meetings of the California Botanical
Club would begin with Miss Eastwood’s recital of what she had
had for lunch, told with such vividness and attention to detail
that one could not help but be interested, if not entertained. Not
infrequently she would go back years or decades to some meal
that was particularly memorable and would recount with all
the gusto of a recent occurrence a mushroom soup prepared after
a long trek over Coast Range hills, a trailside picnic lunch rel-
ished on a walking trip in the mountains, or an omelette en-
joyed at a little restaurant in Paris.

Her memory for details was most impressive, and in her let-
ters, accounts of food at some dinner party were related at
length whether the party was at the home of a friend or was
hostessed by Miss Eastwood at her favorite restaurant, the Fly-
trap, in San Francisco. The preparation of food was not an irk-
some task to be performed because of necessity, but rather an
adventure to be anticipated with enjoyment and performed
with spirit. For many years, as an octogenarian or older, she did
most of her own cooking, and one of her chief means of recrea-
tion and relaxation evenings after work was to prepare jellies,
preserves, and pickles for herself or her friends. Certainly in the
manner of living, the matter of food was much more important
than the matter of clothes to Alice Eastwood.

As a teacher, Miss Eastwood proceeded in much the same way
as she did as a cook — she would follow a set course or a given
recipe to a degree, but would vary it enough to make the pro-

160 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. VII, NO. 7

cedure experimental and, at least for her, interesting and adven-
turous. That is the way she would cook, and that, according to
her account, is the way she taught school. Certainly that is the
way she taught the rudiments of systematic botany to the mem-
bers of the California Botanical Club and the taxonomy of cul-
tivated ornamentals to the class of Golden Gate Park gardeners.
Her manner of presentation was picturesque and lively and, be-
cause of frequent anecdotes or appropriate allusions to litera-
ture and the arts, highly entertaining. Neither teacher nor pupil
had a dull time in Alice Eastwood's class.

No matter where she might be, in a palace or humble home,
Miss Eastwood was democratically interested in people and her
grasp and appreciation of human nature made her the friend of
anyone she might be with. She could appreciate the lofty aspira-
tions of the soul and could comfort the heartaches of the afflicted.
She could make herself at home in such an antiquated inn as the
one where we stopped at Bell Springs on our way to Red Moun-
tain in Mendocino County; or she was equal to the elegance of
Colonel Stephenson Clarke’s English estate where, she later re-
counted gleefully, she had had no chance to keep the prim and
proper maid from unpacking her disheveled traveling bag and
getting her ready for bed! Because her contacts with people
everywhere were so real and sincere, she counted her friends by
hundreds — from station houses in the Yukon to isolated ranches
in California and Indian agencies in the Southwest, thence to
the Atlantic and across to Europe. Alice Eastwood was a real
person and was appreciated by real people regardless of social
position.

As a conversationalist, Miss Eastwood was probably not what
one would call “brilliant,” but certainly she was delightful and
adequate company — whether she was in a dingy lamp-lighted
dining room at Bell Springs, in an oak-paneled drawing room in
Sussex, or with a group of congenial friends in San Francisco.
She was an excellent story-teller and, with a keen sense of humor,
could be highly entertaining, but she also liked more serious
conversation and would openly express her opinion on contro-
versial topics of current interest. Sometimes, as I have already
indicated, she could be outspokenly frank about matters not
generally discussed, and at times in her frankness she would
express opinions about herself or her friends or acquaintances

AUGUST, 1954] I REMEMBER 161

or Academy affairs that might better have been left unsaid. Cer-
tainly conversation was not dull when Miss Eastwood was in the
party!

On our field trips, Miss Eastwood occupied the back seat of
the car and from there directed the procedure of the expedition
and took care of pressing the plants. We would drive along
slowly until some plant would attract us and we would then stop.
If the location proved particularly favorable, Miss Eastwood
would collect in the vicinity of the car while I would go farther
away in search of other plants. On our trips I was always more
interested in collecting intensively in a restricted area, Miss East-
wood desired to collect extensively over more territory: if only
we could stop longer, I was certain I would discover another
treasure; Miss Eastwood was just as certain that the treasure was
up the road and around the next bend. So we did well together:
Eastwood and Howell covered much ground intensively!

Besides being a good scientist, Miss Eastwood was a good
business woman. When she was young she knew the hardships
of poverty and learned the value of money the hard way. In Den-
ver she worked to help herself through high school and it wasn’t
until after her graduation when she was assured a smal] but regu-
lar income from teaching that she could feel she had what we
now glibly speak of as “security.’’ From her youthful experiences
and memories together with that courage that was native to
her, she knew she would be equal to any emergency that might
arise and was never fearful of what the future might hold in
the way of business or financial reverses. ““The trouble with
people,” she would often remark, “‘is that they don’t know how
to be poor.” In all her business dealings she had several dicta
that governed her activities: “a state of debt is a state of danger’;
“don’t put all your eggs in one basket’’; and “don’t be afraid to
take a loss if you dispose of something undesirable.’ Because
she was alert to current events and trends, she was an astute se-
curity investor and knew when and how to heed advice on sales
and purchases. When her estate was entered for probate, it was
valued at more than $89,000.

This substantial fortune was not amassed by miserly saving.
She was extravagantly generous, but she was also frugal. “Save
in order to give,’ was one of her frequent remarks, and the way
she saved was to cut out expenses she considered unnecessary —

162 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. VII, NO. 7

costly food, costly clothes, costly living, but enough of everything
for good and adequate keep. With what she saved she showered
her relatives, her friends, the Academy, and her favorite philan-
thropies with frequent and generous gifts. Her gifts to the Acad-
emy came chiefly as supplementary support for activities in the
Botany Department and as gifts of botanical books to the Acad-
emy Library.

How many thousands of dollars she gave to the Academy will
never be known since her gifts went back “‘b.c.,” and continued
‘‘a.d.”’ — “before the conflagration” and “after the disaster” of
1906. Just as examples of Eastwoodian generosity to the Acad-
emy I might cite a few specific instances: following the 1921
expedition of the Academy to the Gulf of California, she divided
her salary over an extended period with Ivan M. Johnston so
that he could work on the collection while studying at the Uni-
versity of California; in 1935 she paid my round trip transpor-
tation (as well as her own) to the Sixth International Botanical
Congress in Amsterdam and, while we were away, she employed
Mrs. H. P. Bracelin to help in the Botany Department; and
among outstanding gifts of books may be mentioned the com-
plete set of Gardeners’ Chronicle and Humboldt, Bonpland,
and Kunth’s Nova Genera et Species Plantarum, each costing
several hundreds of dollars.

Another way in which Miss Eastwood was indirectly generous
to the Academy was in her support of our journal, LEAFLETS OF
WESTERN Borany, a responsibility in which I also shared. Short-
ly after I came to the Academy, when it became apparent that,
under Dr. Jepson’s editorship, the pages of Madrofio would no
longer be open to my papers, I suggested to Miss Eastwood the
idea of having a journal of our own. At first she was against the
idea and gave for her reason the great expense involved in sub-
sidizing a scientific botanical magazine. In this she was much
more practical than I, because my only concern over such a proj-
ect was: where would we get enough material to fill even four
small issues each year. Late in the summer of 1931, her attitude
changed and on January 16, 1932, Vol. 1, No. 1, of our journal
was issued. Through the years our project was constantly sub-
sidized by both of us, but up to the close of Vol. 5 in 1949 when
Miss Eastwood withdrew her connection with the journal, she
had contributed more than half the amount of subsidy. No exact

AUGUST, 1954] I REMEMBER 163

figure is available, but it is likely that she contributed more than
$2000 over the years to the support of a journal that has brought
inestimable benefit to the Academy’s Botany Department. The
only major editorial change ever suggested for the journal was
proposed by the late John W. Stacey, who offered to develop it
into a larger botanical magazine; but neither Miss Eastwood
nor I wanted to change our editorial policy, and I did not wish
to undertake expanded editorial responsibilities.

Because she had learned the real value of money, Miss East-
wood ran her department as frugally as her home and stretched
a meager budget phenomenally far. Not many administrators
could show the results Miss Eastwood obtained as a consequence
of her business-like management and personal generosity. She
was not a gambler and instinctively shunned chances that might
involve financial loss, but by a combination of good business
foresight and by gambling on the value of the German mark
after World War I, she acquired for the Academy Library Mar-
tius’ Flora Brasiliensis for about $50 in American money. She
would boast that no organization in which she was an officer
was ever insolvent; in her clubs and societies the annual finan-
cial statements always showed a balance in black.

It was in her field work where she was especially generous to
her department and the Academy. During all her years at the
Academy she never submitted an expense account for a collect-
ing trip taken to obtain specimens for the herbarium and for
distribution to other institutions and botanists. When it is re-
‘membered for how many decades she was curator of the Botany
Department, one can realize how many hundreds of longer or
shorter field excursions she took and how many hundreds of
dollars she devoted to the cause. In 1931, Miss Eastwood and I
together bought an automobile which we used on field trips, but
two other cars purchased later were bought for field work by
Miss Eastwood alone. Expenses on field trips were paid almost
entirely by Miss Eastwood or were shared by friends who went
on trips with us. Miss Eastwood’s statement in her departmental
report, reiterated each year, “all expenses for field work paid by
the curator,’ indicates, over the years, a most generous gift to
the Academy and to Botany.

Alice Eastwood was a memorable botanist but probably more
people remember her because in some way or other she revealed

164 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. VII, NO. 7

herself to them as a great person. Her philosophy of life was
broad and good and over the years she exhibited most of those
virtues that have been designated by Archbishop John Ireland
as “the abiding wisdom of life”:

“To be content with one’s lot, to keep a rein upon passion, to be the
thing one seems, to look for happiness within, not without, to be patient
with the patience that makes all things easy, to face danger with dauntless
front, to retain a calm mind under the frowns as well as the smiles of for-
tune, to be ready to forego all in order to be free in thought and act, to
make the golden mean one’s rule of life, to love peace . . . Such virtues are
the abiding wisdom of life.” 1

The Eastwoodian character measures up well with most of
these attributes, but she certainly did not have “the patience
that makes all things easy.” Her impatience could be as violent
as her kindness and generosity were great, and the force and bite
of that impatience were dreaded by all who ever encountered it.

Francis Meehan has defined a “character” as “a man with
enough character to be himself, to do things in his own dramatic
way, to revel in poetry, imagination and wit, and to be bliss-
fully unaffected by what people think about him.”? By all these
criteria, Miss Eastwood was a “‘character,”’ and a rare one, too.

Because in all phases of her life Alice Eastwood sought out
the better things and continually reflected the inspiration and
true pleasure she herself derived from the works of the great, I
believe it is fitting to close these sketchy and halting reminis-
cences with words from Goethe, who has expressed sentiments
so congenial to the spirit of our dear friend and mentor:

“Men are so inclined to content themselves with what is commonest; the
spirit and the senses so easily grow dead to the impressions of the beautiful
and perfect, that every one should study, by all methods, to nourish in his
mind the faculty of feeling these things. For no man can bear to be entirely
deprived of such enjoyments: it is only because they are not used to taste of
what is excellent, that the generality of people take delight in silly and in-
sipid things, provided they be new. For this reason, .. . one ought every day
at least to hear a little song, read a good poem, see a fine picture, and, if it
were possible, to speak a few reasonable words.’’3

1. Introduction to the Odes and Epodes by Archbishop Ireland, in The Odes and Epodes
of eloare, edited by Clement Lawrence Smith; issued by The Bibliophile Society. Boston.
1 i

2. From the book, ‘Living Upstairs,’ by Francis Meehan, copyright, 1942, by E. P.
Dutton & Co., Inc.

3. Wilhelm Meister’s Apprenticeship [Wilhelm Meisters Lehrjahre], translated from the
German of Goethe by Thomas Carlyle, Book 5, Chapter 1. Chapman and Hall. London, 1871.

AUGUST, 1954] FLORA OF ARIZONA 165

FURTHER ADDITIONS TO THE KNOWN
FLORA OF ARIZONA -

BY THOMAS H. KEARNEY

A paper entitled “Recent Additions to the Known Flora of
Arizona,” by Thomas H. Kearney, Elizabeth McClintock, and
Kittie F. Parker, was published in LEAFLETs OF WESTERN Bot-
ANY, February 28, 1953 (vol. 7, pp. 1-11). This paper enumerated
4 genera and about 20 species discovered after the publication,
in September, 1951, of Arizona Flora, by Kearney and Peebles.
Also, additional collections of rare taxa already included in
the book were recorded in the paper cited.

The present contribution is designed to bring our knowledge
of the state flora further up to date by: (1) listing the genera
and species brought to light since publication of the previous
article in LEAFLETS; (2) presenting further distributional rec-
ords of rare taxa; and (3) calling attention to changes of taxo-
nomic status as indicated in recently published monographs
and revisions.

The taxa added in the present paper to the recorded flora
of the state number 3 genera and 11 species, making the total
number of additions in the two articles 7 genera and 31 species.
There has also been a great accumulation of new data on the
geographical and altitudinal distributions in Arizona of less
rare taxa, but limitations of space preclude the presentation
here of this information.

The figure in parenthesis after the name of a genus or species
at the beginning of each paragraph of the present article refers
to a corresponding page in Arizona Flora.

ADDITIONAL GENERA AND SPECIES

EQUISETUM Funston! A. A. Eaton (p. 30). Sycamore Canyon,
near Ruby, Santa Cruz County (Phillips et al. 3467), identified
by W. S. Phillips and confirmed by C. V. Morton. Mr. Morton
wrote, however: “I am not at all sure of the proper status of this
species. It seems to merge with E. laevigatum.” As compared
with E. laevigatum A. Braun (E. kansanum Schaftn.), E. Fun-
stoni was characterized by W. R. Maxon (in Abrams, Ill. Fl.
Pacific States 1: 39) as having rougher stems with sharply pro-

166 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. VII, NO. 7

jecting silica-bands, a more strongly incurved limb of the sheaths,
and, usually, a basal tuft of many-branched sterile stems.

HorpdEuM VULGARE L., cultivated barley (p. 96). This was re-
ported by Kittie F. Parker as a common roadside weed near
Casa Grande, Pinal County (Parker 8241). From the other an-
nual species of Hordeum in Arizona it is distinguished by the
combination of very long leaf-auricles, a continuous rachis, and
sessile lateral spikelets.

PENNISETUM CILIARE (L.) Link (p. 140). Near Oracle, Pinal
County, apparently self-seeding from a Soil Conservation Serv-
ice Planting (K. F. Parker 7752), introduced from India. Differs
from P. setaceum in its shorter panicles (2-10 cm. long), and
shorter bristles subtending the spikelets (5-10 mm. long).

ANDROPOGON ISCHAEMUM L. (p. 141). Santa Catalina Moun-
tains, 7500 feet, apparently self-seeding from a Soil Conserva-
tion Service planting (K. F. Parker 8093), native of the Old
World. Differs from our other species of Sect. Amphilophis (A.
barbinodis, A. saccharoides) in having the pedicellate spikelets
as large as the sessile ones and the panicle usually dull purple,
not silvery-white. The nodes of the culm are glabrous.

QuERcus AJOENsIs C. H. Muller. This oak, apparently en-
demic to the Ajo Mountains, western Pima County, at eleva-
tions of 2500 to 4000 feet, has been described recently by Pro-
fessor Muller (Madrono 12: 140-145). Of the species previously
recorded from Arizona its closest relative is Q. turbinella
Greene (p. 218), from which it differs in the longer spinose teeth
and waxy glaucous-whitish surface of the leaves. Specimens
more or less intermediate between Q. ajoensis and Q. turbinella
were recorded by Muller as occurring at lower elevations in the
Ajo Mountains and in the Castle Dome and Kofa mountains,
Yuma County. |

RUMEX NEMATOPODUS Rech. f. (Leafl. West. Bot. 7: 134,—
1954). This recently described species is known from Arizona
by two collections in the Huachuca Mountains, Cochise County,
7000 to 9000 feet (Jones in 1903, the type-collection, and Lem-
mon 2879), and has been collected also in New Mexico and Chi-
huahua.

SISYMBRIUM KEARNEYI Rollins (Leafl. West. Bot. 7: 15, 16).
This species is known only by 2 collections in Grand Canyon Na-
tional Monument, northeastern Mohave County (McClintock

AUGUST, 1954] FLORA OF ARIZONA 167

52-481, 481a, the latter the type-collection), growing under over-
hanging cliffs, flowering April and May. In the key to Sisym-
brium (p. 336) it would come nearest to S. elegans, distinguished
therefrom by its whitish (not purple) petals and straight anthers
only about 1 mm. long (anthers in S. elegans about 2 mm. long
and more or less curved and twisted).

ASTRAGALUS ARGOPHYLLUS Nutt. (p. 458). This species is now
established definitely as a component of the flora of Arizona,
specimens collected in the Grand Canyon National Monument,
Mohave County, in the ponderosa pine belt, elevation about
7000 feet (Cottam 13690) having been identified by Mr. Rupert
C. Barneby as A. argophyllus var. pephragmenoides Barneby.

ASTRAGALUS MONUMENTALIS Barneby (Leafl. West. Bot. 7: 35).
This is the species described without name in the paragraph in
small type (p. 470) and is known only by the type-collection from
Garfield County, Utah, and the collection from near Kayenta,
Navajo County, Arizona (Peebles & Fulton 11928). The position
of this species in the key to Astragalus (pp. 446-456) cannot be
determined until more and better material is available. Of spe-
cies previously recorded from Arizona, Mr. Barneby thought A.
desperatus Jones to be nearest A. monumentalis.

LATHYRUS LATIFOLIUS L. (p. 478). Prescott, Yavapai County
(Kuntze in 1896), cited by C. Leo Hitchcock (Univ. Wash. Publ.
Biol. 15: 11, 64), a European species that is naturalized exten-
sively in the United States. It is readily distinguished from all
other species of Lathyrus reported from Arizona by the broadly
winged stems. The leaves are bifoliolate, with well-developed
tendrils and very large stipules; the reddish or white corolla is
15-20 mm. long.

LATHYRUS PAUCIFLORUS Fern. (p. 478). Carrizo Mountains,
Apache County (Standley 7383). ‘The Arizona collection was
referred by Hitchcock (ibid. pp. 26, 69) to subsp. pauciflorus var.
utahensis (Jones) C. L. Hitchc. The species as a whole ranges
from Idaho and Washington to Colorado, Utah, northeastern
Arizona, and California. It differs from the other large-flowered
species of Arizona (L. eucosmus, L. zionis), with corolla 20 mm.
or longer, in having broader, ovate or ovate-lanceolate leaflets,
these usually at least one-half as wide as long.

MENYANTHES TRIFOLIATA L. Discovery of this semiaquatic
plant of the Gentianaceae in Woolsey Lake, southern Apache

168 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. VII, NO. 7

County, about 8000 feet (Rhoton in 1952) adds another genus to
the known flora of Arizona. The plant is readily distinguished
from all other Arizona Gentianaceae (pp. 645-650) by its tri-
foliolate, long-petiolate, basal or alternate leaves, and racemose
flowers. The genus, which is monotypic, is often placed in a
separate family, Menyanthaceae.

ROTHROCKIA CORDIFOLIA Gray (Matelea cordifolia Woodson).
Canyon Diablo, Ajo Mountains, western Pima County, 5000
feet (Supernaugh in 1952, identified by Kittie F. Parker). This
plant is now to be included in the flora of the state. Some of the
characters by which it is distinguished from the related Lachnos-
toma arizonicum were mentioned in Arizona Flora (p. 666).

Lycopus AMERICANUS Muhl. Lakside, southern Navajo Coun-
ty, 7000 feet, in wet soil (Rhoton in 1952). This species, which
occurs almost throughout the United States and Canada, is
characterized by petiolate, deeply incised or pinnatifid leaves,
and nutlets with entire apex. The Palmer collection in 1869
mentioned in Arizona Flora (p. 747) under the name L. lucidus
Turcz. evidently belonged to a different species, having sessile,
merely serrate leaves and nutlets corky-winged at apex. There is
no satisfactory evidence, however, that Palmer’s specimens were
collected in Arizona.

ADDITIONAL RECORDS OF RARE TAXA

ANACHARIS DENSA (Planch.) Marie-Victorin (p. 70). St. David,
Cochise County, in fresh water ponds (Goodding 74-53).

ANACHARIS CANADENSIS (Michx.) Planch. Big Lake, Apache
County (Peebles 15155).

STIPA LOBATA Swallen (p. 117). Huachuca Mountains, Cochise
County (Goodding 952-49, identified by Peter Raven, referred
previously to S. columbiana Macoun). The latter species (p. 118)
apparently is limited in Arizona to the northern portion, the
specimen on which was based its reported occurrence in the
Santa Catalina Mountains (Gentry 3953) having been re-identi-
fied by Peter Raven as Stipa Pringlei Scribn.

St1pA LETTERMANI Vasey (p. 118). North Rim of Grand Can-
yon, 8500 feet (Merkle 621).

PHALARIS MINOR Retz. (p. 131). Near Casa Grande, Pinal
County (K. F. Parker 8243).

ERIOCHLOA ARISTATA Vasey (p. 133). Castle Dome Mountains,

AUGUST, 1954] FLORA OF ARIZONA 169

Yuma County (Crandell 57).

PANICUM ANTIDOTALE Retz. (p. 137). Tucson, Pima County,
“now common at roadsides” (K. F. Parker 7750).

ELEOCHARIS CARIBAEA (Rottb.) Blake (p. 154). Near Tempe,
Maricopa County (Blakely 12a, 1798).

Carex Rossii Boott (p. 162). North Rim of Grand Canyon,
8500 feet (Merkle 483, 500, identified by J. T. Howell).

ERIOGONUM FLAVUM Nutt. (p. 240). South entrance of Grand
Canyon National Park, Coconino County, about 7000 feet (K.
F. Parker et al. 6168).

RUMEX MEXICANUS Meisn. (p. 244). Point of Pines, Graham
County, 6000 feet, in ponderosa pine forest (Bohrer 449).

KocuIA scoparRIA (L.) Schrad. (p. 261). What is presumably
var. subvillosa Mog. has been collected also near Peach Springs,
Mohave County (Macfarland in 1952), where it was reported to
be “very common in deep, disturbed soil.”

STELLARIA UMBELLATA Turcz. (p. 293). North Rim of Grand
Canyon, 8000 feet, in a wet meadow (Merkle 556).

SAGINA SAGINOIDES (L.) Karst. (p. 295). Kaibab Basin and North
Rim of Grand Canyon, Coconino County, 8000 to 9000 feet, in
wet places (Merkle 586, 601).

RANUNCULUS OREOGENES Greene (p. 316). Mount Trumbull,
Mohave County, in pine forest (McClintock 52-367).

RORIPPA CURVISILIQUA (Hook.) Bessey (p. 340). Point of Pines,
Graham County (Bohrer 431). This, like the other Arizona speci-
mens, is not typical R. curvisiliqua. They may represent an un-

_ described species.

DRABA ASPRELLA Greene (p. 346). Northwestern Gila County
(Parker & McClintock 6852). This collection is of var. asprella
(var. typica C. L. Hitchce.).

CHORISPORA TENELLA (Pall.) DC. (p. 355). Cottonwood, Yava-
pai County, “‘sometimes a bad weed in grain fields” (Zaleski in
1953).

SEDUM STENOPETALUM Pursh (p. 359). Kaibab Basin, Coco-
nino County, 8000 feet (Bryant in 1952).

CERCIS OCCIDENTALIS Torr. (p. 404). Toroweap Valley, Mo-
have County (McClintock 52-358, 550).

LUuPINUs BICOLOR Lindl. (p. 417). Santa Catalina Mountains,
Pima County, 7500 feet (Strickland 6).

Lupinus OsTERHOUTIANUS C. P. Smith (p. 418). North Rim of

170 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. VII, NO. 7

Grand Canyon (Merkle 696).

Lupinus LemMmonii C. P. Smith (p. 419). What seems to be
this species has been collected at Point of Pines, Graham Coun-
ty, 6000 feet (Bohrer 308).

MELILOTUS OFFICINALIS (L.) Lam. (p. 422). This species oc-
curs also at Montezuma Well, Yavapai County, and Point of
Pines, Graham County.

CALLITRICHE (p. 521). The following collections, in addition
to those cited by Fassett and mentioned in the earlier paper
(Leafl. West. Bot. 7: 3), apparently represent the two species
now recognized as occurring in Arizona: C. verna L. emend.
Kiitz, Chuska Mountains, Apache County (Monson 43, in 1937);
Santa Catalina Mountains, Pima County (Goodding in 1943). C.
heterophylla Pursh emend. Darby var. heterophylla, Kaibab
Plateau, Coconino County, 8000 feet (Goodding 257-48); Sabino
Canyon, Pima County (Thornber in 1903, 1904, and 1907, East-
wood in 1930).

ELATINE BRACHYSPERMA Gray (p. 557). South Rim of Grand
Canyon (Collom in 1952).

VIOLA UMBRATICOLA H.B.K. (p. 561). Collected in the Santa
Catalina Mountains also by K. F. Parker (No. 8109).

CrrCAEA PACIFICA Asch. & Magn. (p. 604). Escudilla Moun-
tain, southern Apache County (Parker & McClintock 7511).

PTERYXIA Davipsoni (Coult. & Rose) Mathias & Constance (p.
619). Between Diamond Creek and White River, southern Nay-
ajo County, about 6000 feet, abundant in sandy soil among pines
(Rhoton in 1952).

LAMIUM AMPLEXICAULE L. (p. 739). Cottonwood, Yavapai
County, a weed in grain fields (Zaleski in 1953).

PENSTEMON BARBATUS (Cav.) Roth (p. 772). Subsp. trichander
(Gray) Keck has been collected also near Keam’s Canyon, north-
ern Navajo County (Deaver 3802).

GALIUM BIFOLIUM Wats. (p. 812) has been found at another
station on the North Rim of Grand Canyon, Walhalla Plateau,
8500 feet, in open, grassy places (Merkle 506).

LOBELIA CARDINALIS L. (p. 828). In lines 1 and 2 delete “ex-
cept the low western portion,” this plant (subsp. graminea) hav-
ing been collected in Havasu Lake Wildlife Refuge on the Colo-
ado River (Monson in 1953).

DicoriA BRANDEGEI Gray (p. 893). The range has been ex-

AUGUST, 1954] FLORA OF ARIZONA 171

tended definitely to Apache County by a collection in the north-
eastern corner of the state (Deaver 4048).

CorEOPSIS CARDAMINEFOLIA (DC.) Torr. & Gray (p. 908). Delta
of Williams River, Mohave County, 350 feet (Monson in 1953).

BIDENS HETEROSPERMA Gray (p. 911). Escudilla Mountain,
southern Apache County (Parker & McClintock 7609).

HYMENOXYS ARGENTEA (Gray) K. F. Parker (p. 927). Northwest
of Pinedale, southern Navajo County, 6500 feet (Parker & Mc-
Clintock 6830).

PSATHYROTES RAMOSISSIMA (Torr.) Gray (p. 943). Near Ajo,
western Pima County (Fouts in 1952).

CHANGES OF TAXONOMIC STATus!

PsEUDOTSUGA TAXIFOLIA (Poir.) Britton (p. 55). The botanical
name of the Douglas-fir of the Rocky Mountain region (includ-
ing Arizona), as accepted by Elbert L. Little, Jr. (Check list of
native and naturalized trees of the United States. Agric. Handb.
41, U. S. Dept. Agric. 1953, p. 307) is Pseudotsuga Menziesti
(Mirb.) Franco var. glauca (Beissn.) Franco.

Bromus sect. BRomopsis (pp. 77—78, species 5 to 10). A revision
of the North American species of this section by H. Keith Wag-
non (Brittonia 7: 415-480,—1952), would alter considerably the
status of species occurring in Arizona. Bromus ciliatus, B. tex-
ensis, B. anomalus, and B. Orcuttianus (species 6, 7, 8, and 9 in
Arizona Flora) were excluded, the species recognized by Wagnon
as found in this state being: B. inermis (No. 5), B. lanatipes
(Shear) Rydb. (included in Arizona Flora as a variety of B.
anomalus, No. 8), and B. frondosus (No. 10), also B. Porteri
(Coult.) Nash (in Arizona Flora as synonym of B. anomalus
Rupr.), B. mucroglumis Wagnon, and B. Richardsoni Link (in
Arizona Flora as synonym of B. ciliatus L.). Identifications by
Wagnon of specimens in the herbarium of the University of
Arizona indicate the following ranges: B. lanatipes, Coconino
and Yavapai counties; B. frondosus, Yavapai and Santa Cruz
counties, in addition to the counties enumerated in Arizona
Flora; B. Porteri, Apache and Coconino counties; B. mucroglu-
mis (“identified as B. anomalus in most herbaria’), Graham,
Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima counties; B. Richardsoni,

1Jn bringing to attention the views of other authors concerning various components of the
Arizona flora, the present writer does not necessarily accept their conclusions.

| ve LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. VII, NO. 7

Apache, Coconino, Yavapai, Graham, Cochise, and Pima coun-
ties.?

POA LONGILIGULA Scribn. & Williams (p. 85). This taxon was
reduced to synonymy under P. Fendleriana Steud. by V. L.
Marsh (Amer. Midland Nat. 47: 232, 235,—1952).

Yucca (p. 185). J. M. Webber, in a publication entitled “Yuc-
cas of the Southwest’’ (Agric. Monogr. No. 17, U. S. Dept. Agric.
1952, 79 pp., 70 plates), differs in many particulars from the
treatment by Mrs. McKelvey that was followed in Arizona Flora.
Yucca Thornberi and Y. confinis were thought to have originat-
ed as hybrids between Y. baccata and Y. arizonica (Webber p.
29). Yucca Newberryi was reduced to synonymy under Y. Whip-
plet (p. 33). Yucca Harrimaniae was given as a synonym, in part,
of Y. neomexicana Woot. & Standl., which does not occur in
Arizona (p. 43). The plant referred to Y. Harrimaniae in Ari-
zona Flora is probably Y. Batleyi Woot. & Standl., of which Y.
Standleyi McKelvey was cited by Webber as a synonym (p. 49).
Yucca navajoa was reduced to a variety of Y. Baileyi (p. 51).
Yucca utahensis, Y. verdiensis, and, perhaps Y. kanabensis were
considered by Webber to be products of hybridization between
Y. elata and some other species (p. 62).

RUMEX OCCIDENTALIS Wats. (p. 245). The specimens from the
White Mountains, doubtfully referred to as R. occidentalis, are
believed by Wm. A. Weber (personal communication) to be R.
densiflorus Osterhout. Professor Weber pointed out that they
have the rootstock horizontal, black, and covered with rootlets
as in R. densiflorus, rather than vertical and carrot-like, as in
R. occidentalis.

POLYGONUM AVICULARE L. (p. 247). Specimens with relatively
broad, mostly obtuse leaves are referable to P. buxiforme Small,
which was cited by Fernald (Gray’s Man. ed. 8, p. 580) as a
synonym of P. aviculare var. litorale (Link) W. D. J. Koch. A
specimen from Sunset Crater, Coconino County (Eastwood &
Howell 6941) has been identified by J. F. Brenkle as P. buxi-
forme. (

STELLARIA LONGIFOLIA Muhl. (p. 293). The specimen from
Sierra Ancha, Gila County (Gould 3802) cited in Leafl. West.
Bot. 7: 9, proves to be a form of Arenaria saxosa Gray.
2A. specimen, previously identified as Bromus catharticus Vahl of Section Ceratochloa

(p. 77), has been referred by G. Ledyard Stebbins, Jr., to B. Haenkeanus Pres]. It is from
Houserock Valley, Coconino County (Darrow 3017).

AUGUST, 1954] FLORA OF ARIZONA 173

CERASTIUM ADSURGENS Greene (p. 295). This appears to be a
narrow-leaved form of C. nutans Raf., to judge from a specimen
from New Mexico identified by Greene himself as C. adsurgens.

Myosurus (pp. 313, 314). As treated by Gloria R. Campbell
(The genus Myosurus in North America. E] Aliso 2: 389-402,—
1952), only three species were recognized as occurring in Ari-
zona. These are M. minimus L., M. cupulatus Wats., and M.
nitidus Eastw. (M. Egglestonii Woot. & Standl.). Myosurus mini-
mus is represented in this state by subsp. minimus, recorded by
Campbell for Navajo, Coconino, Yavapai, and Pima counties;
and by subsp. montanus G. R. Campbell, given by her only for
Coconino and Mohave counties in Arizona, but probably more
widely distributed in the state. To the latter subspecies prob-
ably belong specimens that were referred in Arizona Flora to
M. aristatus Benth., a species not recognized by Campbell as
occurring in Arizona.

LaTHyYRUs (pp. 477-479). “A Revision of North American Spe-
cies of Lathyrus” by C. Leo Hitchcock (Univ. Wash. Publ. Biol.
15: 1-104,—1952) necessitates some modification of the treat-
ment by the same author in Arizona Flora. In the description of
the genus, line 2, insert “(except in the introduced L. lati-
folius)’ after the word “‘species,’’ and in line 5 insert “or red”
after “purple.” Lathyrus latifolius L. and L. pauciflorus Fern.,
not previously recorded as occurring in Arizona, were men-
tioned on a preceding page of this article. The name Lathyrus
leucanthus Rydb. should be substituted for L. laetivirens Greene
(No. 3 in Arizona Flora, p. 478). This is represented in Arizona
by L. leucanthus var. laetivirens (Greene) C. L. Hitchc., which
differs from var. leucanthus in having more numerous leaflets
and usually well-developed but often unbranched tendrils.
For L. brachycalyx Rydb. (No. 2 in Arizona Flora) substitute
Lathyrus zionis C. L. Hitchce., deleting the reference to occur-
rence in the Dos Cabezas Mountains. The remaining species
(L. arizonicus, L. graminifolius, and L. eucosmus) are unchanged
from the treatment in Arizona Flora.

VIOLA PURPUREA (p. 561). Delete and substitute:
7. Viola aurea Kellogg. Gila County, North Peak, Mazatzal
Mountains, 6000 feet (Collom 48 in 1933) and Sierra Ancha
(Crooks et al. in 1939). Nevada, California, and central Arizona.

The species is represented in our state by ssp. arizonensis

174 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. VII, NO. 7

Baker & Clausen (Madrono 12: 11) which is known only by these
two collections, that by Crooks et al. being the type.

CLARKIA AND GODETIA (pp. 592, 593). Godetia has been merged
with Clarkia in a recent paper by Harlan Lewis and Margaret
Lewis (Madronio 12: 33-39). If this point of view is accepted, the
two species treated in Arizona Flora under Godetia would be re-
spectively, Clarkia purpurea (Curtis) Nels. & Macbr. subsp.
ined., and C. epilobioides (Nutt.) Nels. & Macbr.

DODECATHEON (p. 638). From a paper by H. J. Thompson en-
titled “The Biosystematics of Dodecatheon” (Contr. Dudley
Herb. 4: 73-154), a revised key to the Arizona species is ab-
stracted and should be substituted for the one in Arizona Flora.
1. Stigma enlarged, more than twice the diameter of the style; flowers 4-

merous; filaments very short, free or united by a thin membrane.
Leaves linear to linear-oblanceolate, gradually tapering into the

petiole; corolla-lobes magenta or lavender ............ 3. D. alpinum
1. Stigma not enlarged; flowers 5-merous; filaments free or united into a
tube (2).

2. Leaf-blades thickish, oblanceolate, tapering into the petiole; corolla-lobes
pink or pale purple; filaments united, the tube 1.5-3.5 mm. long;
anthers '3=5°5 mim lone) a. 2h. erasiene a 4s. =) star etsval fells Oe 2. D. radicatum

2. Leaf-blades thin, ovate or oval, abruptly contracted into the petiole;
corolla-lobes white; filaments free or slightly united, less than 1 mm.
long; anthers 6.5-8 mat. 1ONg 6. 5... a5 oss ssn eae 1. D. Ellisiae

DopECATHEON ELLIsIAE Stand]. (p. 639) was reduced by
Thompson (ibid. p. 151) to a subspecies of D. dentatum Hook.,
but it would seem that the characters given for distinguishing
it from subsp. dentatum (ibid. p. 150), and the wide geographical
separation of these taxa, would justify maintenance of D. Ellisiae
as a species.

DoDECATHEON ALPINUM (Gray) Greene (p. 639). The Arizona
plants belong to subsp. majus H. J. Thompson (ibid. pp. 142,
143).

POLEMONIUM (pp. 694-696). A monograph of this genus by
John F. Davidson was published in 1950 (Univ. Calif. Publ.
Bot. 23: 209-282). In this paper, P. albiflorum Eastw. and P. fili-
cinum Greene were reduced, with reservations, to synonymy
under P. foliosissimum Gray (ibid. pp. 226-229). No mention
was made of P. flavum Greene.

Mo.pavica (p. 737). The proper name of this genus would
appear to be Dracocephalum and the species (p. 738) would be

AUGUST, 1954] FLORA OF ARIZONA 175

D. parviflorum Nutt. (Moldavica parviflora Britton).

DRACOCEPHALUM (p. 738). The name Physostegia for this
genus has been proposed for conservation by Elizabeth McClin-
tock (Leafl. West. Bot. 5: 171, 172).

VALERIANA (pp. 818-820). Changes in the treatment of the
Arizona species indicated by Frederick G. Meyer in a revision en-
titled “Valeriana in North America and the West Indies” (Ann.
Mo. Bot. Gard. 38: 377-503,—1951), were mentioned in the ear-
lier paper (Leafl. West. Bot. 7: 8, 9). The most important of
these changes was the reduction of V. acutiloba Rydb. to sub-
specific status as V. capitata Pall. ssp. acutiloba (Rydb.) F. G.
Meyer and the reduction of V. ovata Rydb. to synonymy under
V. arizonica Gray. In Arizona Flora V. acutiloba was treated as
a species and V’. ovata as a variety thereof. Characters (taken
from Meyer’s descriptions) that differentiate these taxa are:

Basal leaves usually undivided and mostly oblong- or oblanceolate- to

obovate-spatulate; corolla 4-8 mm. long..... V. capitata ssp. acutiloba
Basal leaves mostly undivided and ovate to suborbicular, but sometimes
punnate; corolla 5—15 mm long 6 oa... coke. oo 2 eee V. arizonica

Meyer (ibid. p. 408) cited, under V. capitata ssp. acutiloba, a
collection in the White Mountains (Apache County) and one
on the San Francisco Peaks (Coconino County). Under V. ari-
zonica, the most widely distributed species in Arizona, he cited
(ibid. p. 410) collections in Navajo, Coconino, Yavapai, Green-
lee, Graham, Gila, Maricopa, Cochise, and Pima counties.

PLUCHEA CAMPHORATA (L.) DC. (p. 884). The Arizona speci-
mens have been referred by R. K. Godfrey to P. purpurascens
(Sw.) DC. var. purpurascens (Jour. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 68:
257).

ARTEMISIA (pp. 938-942), Section Seriphidium (species allied
to A. tridentata). The North American species of this section
were the subject of a cytotaxonomic study by George H. Ward
(Contr. Dudley Herbarium 4: 155-205,—1953). The only im-
portant change from the treatment in Arizona Flora is the re-
duction of A. nova (No. 12) to subspecific status, as A. arbuscula
Nutt. subsp. nova (A. Nels.) G. Ward (p. 183).

SENECIO NEOMEXICANUS Gray (p. 950). Insert at end of para-
graph 3: “It is very like the type of S. Metcalfet Greene, which
was referred by Greenman (Ref. 362, 3: 179) to S. tridenticulatus
Rydb.”

176 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. VII, NO. 7

CONCERNING FRUIT-COLOR IN
DIRCA OCCIDENTALIS

BY JOHN THOMAS HOWELL

In the spring of 1953, Hubert Vogelmann gave a good ac-
count of the genus Dirca in the Asa Gray Bulletin (n. ser. 2:
77-82), but his description of D. occidentalis followed details
given in California manuals and floras where a fruit red in
color is attributed to the plant. Since a note that I published in
1930 on the fruit-color of our western leatherwood has been
generally overlooked, I am printing here the letter I wrote Mr.
Vogelmann in May, 1953, about it.

I first came to work in the herbarium of the California Academy of Sci-
ences about 24 years ago, and then, as now, I devoted most of the daylight
hours of my recreational time to botanical field work (the main difference
being that then I seemed to have an abundance of relatively free and unen-
cumbered time, whereas now I seem to have no time at all). I was happy to
have an excuse to go into the field and invited projects that today, unfor-
tunately, I would not have time to pursue.

One of these projects, early suggested to me by Miss Eastwood, was the
investigation of the fruiting condition in Dirca occidentalis, our western
leatherwood. Since the occurrence of this shrub in the Berkeley Hills above
the University of California was well known to me, I had no difficulty in
finding shrubs in fruit on June 15, 1930. In August of the same year, I pub-
lished a short account of what I had found (Madrono 2:13).

It is scarcely surprising that this brief note, buried under so general a
title as “Plantae Occidentales,”” should have been overlooked by Abrams
and McMinn, but, when I recall how assiduously Prof. Jepson culled Erythea
and Madrofio for references for his Flora of California, I am surprised that
my former Professor of Botany also overlooked my report in his 1936 ac-
count of Dirca (Fl. Calif. 2:556,—1936). I do not believe the oversight was
intentional.

When finally I came to write my own flora, I went out of my way to men-
tion the color of the fruits (cf. Marin Flora, p. 196,—1949). But here, too,
alas, the fact is all but lost, for who would think to look for a fact almost
unknown to science in a flora so provincially restricted! It would seem as if
I had sought to conceal from you what you wished to know. After reading
your excellent account of the genus Dirca in the recent Asa Gray Bulletin,
I hasten to write to tell you I have not purposely tried to by cryptic!

The color of the fruit, incidentally, is yellowish-green.

471

Vol. VII No. 8

LEAFLETS
of
WESTERN BOTANY

CONTENTS
PAGE
Notes on Certain Oregon Plants with Descriptions
Panta NeW IV ations” 6 1+ )622 Sema Saute: Rhee Nee
Morton E. PEcK

#-Mew; Calochortus from Oregon’... 2) se 190
Morton E. Peck

Pugillus Astragalorum XVI: Minor Novelties from
EMM MAN Hs EN San reese BR gael ee ste Opens Wet EOD
R. C. BARNEBY

Observations on the Genus Solivain California . . . 196
BEECHER CRAMPTON

SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA
DECEMBER 10, 1954

SOO

MAR

LEAFLETS
of
WESTERN BOTANY

Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco 18.

Cited as
LEAFL. WEsT. Bot.

Owned and published by
Joun Tuomas HowELL

DECEMBER, 1954] OREGON PLANTS 177

NOTES ON CERTAIN OREGON PLANTS
WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW VARIETIES

BY MORTON E. PECK
Willamette University, Salem, Oregon

It may be worth while at this time to place on record certain
facts and observations concerning a variety of Oregon plants
that have not to our knowledge been adequately published. To
these records we would add some comments on several specific
and subspecific entities that have been assigned to the state,
and finally, include brief diagnoses of several varieties not to
our knowledge hitherto recognized. We have then the follow-
ing to offer:

RHYNCHOSPORA ALBA (L.) Vahl. Found in a sphagnum bog
about 5 miles north of Florence, Lane Co., Sept. 8, 1921 (Peck
26438), associated with Darlingtonia and Drosera. It was once
collected by Henderson near Florence.

CAREX PAUCICOSTATA Mack. A Carex, now in the herbarium of
Willamette University, collected by Dr. G. C. Bellinger of Salem,
near the summit of Mt. Ashland, Jackson Co. in Aug., 1952, was
identified as this by Mr. J. T. Howell. This is seemingly the
first record for the state.

ALLIUM PENINSULARE Lem. We collected material of this in
southeastern Jackson Co. (Peck 16745) and have no other record
of its occurrence in the state.

ALLIUM ROGUENSE Peck. In a sense this is a nomen nudum, but
almost too “nudum” to be decently discussed. The trouble be-
gan with the type collection, which consisted of several plants
of A. Bolanderi without the bulbs, but mixed with some bulbs
of a Brodiaea. Dr. Ownbey easily convinced us that such was the
case, which we were already suspecting. So vanishes another
chimaera.

CyPRIPEDIUM CALCEOLUS L. var. PARVIFLORUM (Salisb.) Fern.
Our knowledge of this plant in Oregon is very scant. On May 10,
1946, we were shown a specimen in flower, in a garden at Galice,
Josephine Co., by a Mrs. Lewis, owner of the garden, who told
us she had transplanted it from a boggy depression on Peavine
Mountain, about four miles southwest of Galice.

Corallorhiza maculata Raf. var. immaculata Peck, var. nov. A specie caule

Leaflets of Western Botany, Vol. VII, pp. 177-200, December 10, 1954.

178 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. VU, NO. 8

graciliore, segmentis perianthii angustioribus 10-12 mm. longis, labro albo
immaculato differt.

Stem averaging more slender than in the species, the perianth-parts,
except the lip, averaging longer and decidedly narrower, the lip pure white,
wholly unspotted.

The type, in the herbarium of Willamette University, was
sent us for determination several years ago, by Mr. Howard Tay-
lor, an amateur collector, who found it in low woods along
Mosby Creek 10 miles east of Cottage Grove, Linn Co., Oregon.
The plant was plentifully distributed over several acres.

ALNUS RHOMBIFOLIA Nutt. The northernmost record we have
of this species west of the Cascades, is that of a considerable col-
ony, narrow and parallelling the Willamette River, some 6 or
7 miles long and quite including the city of Salem, and sharply
islanded by A. rubra territory.

BETULA FONTANA L, var. GLANDULIFERA Regel. We have ma-
terial (Peck 22003) of this from a seemingly isolated colony at
an altitude of about 5000 ft. on the eastern slope of the Cascade
Mts. in extreme northwestern Klamath Co. This is a consider-
able southward extension of the known range, hitherto termi-
nating with Clackamas Lake, eastern Clackamas Co.

Quercus GARRYANA Dougl. The invasion by the Oregon Oak
of the region east of the Cascades is of some interest. A little way
east of The Dalles, Wasco Co., on the Columbia River, the oak
leaves off in that direction but continues southward in sporadic
patches on bold eastward slopes and in shallow depressions.
This succession continues to about Tygh Valley. For several
miles to the northward of that point, the growth is exceptionally
luxuriant.

POLYGONUM PERSICARIOIDES H.B.K. Several examples of this
were collected by Dr. R. C. Erickson on Malheur Wildlife
Refuge, Harney Co., and sent us for determination. Probably
the species is adventive from far southward and eastward.

ERIOGONUM FLAVISSIMUM Gdgr. This has had a somewhat con-
fused history. In his Manual, the author passed it is E. Cusickit
Jones, a very obvious error, due mainly to the fact that, while
working on this section of the genus at the Gray Herbarium, he
came upon a fragment of what he here recognizes as E. flavisst-
mum, bearing the label E. Cusickii Jones and agreeing perfectly
so far as comparison was possible with material he had in hand,
both from the same general locality. Eriogonum Cusickiu Gdgr.

DECEMBER, 1954] OREGON PLANTS is

did not help the case, being only a synonym of E. strictwm

Benth., or no more than a subspecies. Miss Stokes reduced E.
flavissimum to subspecific rank under E. ovalifolium Nutt., in
which she was followed in Abrams’ Flora. Eriogonum flavissi-
mum is on the whole a clearly marked species, apparently very
local in distribution, 8 to 20 miles west of Burns (Peck 19377,
21484, 25405, 25406).

ERIOGONUM PYROLAEFOLIUM Hook., as we know it, is a highly
variable species, often with a much-elongated caudex deeply
buried with the last season’s growth at ground level densely
clothed with old leaf-bases, with the peduncles seldom over 6
cm. long, and with rays of the umbel 6 mm. or less. The vari-
ability is mainly in the pubescence of the leaves, which varies
from short and scant to densely villous-hirsute. The least pu-
bescent material is mainly from south of our territory but we
have it from Crater Lake, but beyond this point to the north-
ward there is a regular gradation to the very pubescent form.
This has long been known with us as var. coryphaeum T. & G.,
a variant for which there seems no good reason to continue to
maintain. However, near the jagged summit of Broken-top Mt.
in southwestern Deschutes Co., there occurs a form fairly well
set off by characters unrelated to pubescence. This we would
designate

Eriogonum pyrolaefolium Hook. var. Bellingeranum Peck, var. nov. A
specie pedunculis gracilioribus laxis 10-12 cm. longis, radiis umbellae
gracillimis 15-18 mm. longis, dentibus involucri latioribus quam longioribus
vix acutis, differt.

’ Type in the herbarium of Willamette University, collected
Sept. 10, 1951, by Dr. and Mrs. G. C. Bellinger near the summit
of Broken-top Mountain, southwestern Deschutes Co., Oregon.
The new variety is clearly marked by the relatively long and
rather lax peduncles, the much longer and more slender rays
of the umbel, and the broader and scarcely acute teeth of the
involucre.

Mont1a Hai (Gray) Greene. A plant of somewhat uncer-
tain status, the type collected by Elihu Hall in 1870 somewhere
in the Willamette Valley, but like much of Hall’s material with-
out definite locality record. We have examined the type in the
Gray Herbarium. It is scant and poorly preserved, but appears
more closely related to M. Chamissoi (Ledeb.) Dur. & Jack. than
to M. fontana L., to which it has sometimes been referred. In

180 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. VII, NO.8

vegetative characters our material more closely resembles the
latter, but the corolla, though small, is markedly larger, well
deveoped, and quite regular. Collected on a seepage bank, 3
miles north of Medford, Jackson Co., March 30, 1940 (Peck
20502).

ARENARIA RUBELLA (Wahl.) Sm. A dwarf, densely cespitose
and pulvinate Arenaria with rather thick obtusish leaves about
5 mm. long that has puzzled several taxonomists to whom ma-
terial has been submitted occurs on the exposed outermost point
of The Heads, near Port Orford, Curry Co. Finally Dr. Bassett
Maguire referred it without comment to this polymorphic spe-
cies. Arenaria rubella, as now accepted in many quarters, is
more often a high-mountain plant, occurring in two or three
forms in the mountains of Oregon as well as sometimes at much
lower elevations, but none of which seems to match this phase
very Closely. We hope some good arenariologist will assign it a
respectable subspecific status.

STELLARIA HUMIFUSA Rottb. Quite plentiful on grassy tide
flats near Garibaldi on the northern Tillamook Co. coast (Peck
24182), and once from Waldport on the southern Lincoln Co.
coast (Peck 13496). Abrams’ Flora would exclude the species en-
tirely from our territory.

CERASTIUM SEMIDECANDRUM L. This small European species is
established along the immediate coast of extreme northern Lane
Co. (Peck 20719).

MOoENCHIA ERECTA (L.) Gaertn., Mey. & Schreb. Found grow-
ing rather plentifully on gravelly flats in central Jackson Co.
(Peck 24833). An anomalous European genus apparently now
established with us.

SILENE OREGANA Wats. var. FILISECTA (Peck) Peck. This has
no raison d’etre, being a rather extreme form of S. oregana, and
was originally described by the writer as S. filisecta, a name we
now find in Abram’s Flora in synonymy under S. montana,
doubtless an error.

SILENE ORARIA Peck of the Manual is reduced to S$. Douglasit
var. oraria (Peck) Hitchc. & Mag. for doubtless sufficient reasons.
In Abrams’ Flora it is in clean synonymy under S. Douglasit.

ANEMONE, Tribe ANEMONANTHEA DC. There is some confu-
sion as to the proper status to be assigned to most of the familiar
entities of this tribe occurring in Oregon, the only species ac-

DECEMBER, 1954] OREGON PLANTS 181

cepted unquestioningly being 4. deltoidea Hook. and the others
often treated as varieties of the eastern A. quinquefolia L. or
quite ignored. On the whole we consider Fernald’s treatment of
this group, with its key (Rhodora, vol. 30, Sept., 1928), far clearer
and more logical. In our territory each of the entities involved
has a fairly definite range, as follows: Anemone oregana, dry
meadows and open slopes along the coast and eastward nearly
through the Canadian Zone on the western slope of the Cas-
cades, but the distribution through much of the Willamette
Valley discontinuous. Anemone felix is found sporadically in
and about the margins of sphagnum bogs on the coast of south-
ern Lincoln Co. and northward apparently beyond our terri-
tory. Anemone Lyallii in Oregon occurs mainly in the Hudson-
ian Zone of the Cascades. Anemone Piperi occupies parts of the
middle eastern slope of the Cascade Mts. northward, and also,
at nearly equivalent elevations, ranges through the Blue and
Wallowa mountains and beyond. Anemone deltoidea ranges the
length of the state and from the Coast Mts. to the lower slopes
of the Cascades. Clear specific characters for each member of
the group are not difficult to find and were used by Fernald
in his key. The only exception being 4. felix, which had not
been described at the time the key was published. Of the last-
named species no mention is made in Abrams’ Flora, not even
a relegation to synonymy.

DELPHINIUM ULIGINOSUM Cur. This was collected on a stony
seepage flat near the head of Chewaukan River, Lake Co., in
July, 1927 (Peck 15411a), which is our only record for the state.

BERBERIS PINNATA Lag. We have material of this from the ex-
treme southwestern corner of Curry Co., collected by Mr. Oliver
Matthews, in March, 1937.

LEPIDIUM LATIFOLIUM L. A European immigrant established
in moist slightly alkaline soil near Columbia River, 6 miles
east of Umatilla, Umatilla Co. Collected in June, 1944 (Peck
25171).

LEPIDIUM OBLONGUM Small. Collected and seemingly well es-
tablished on a high bank of Columbia River, near Arlington,
Gilliam Co. (Peck 22829). Probably native of South America.

ARABIS MODESTA Roll. Found rather plentiful on a damp cliff
at Galice, Josephine Co. (Peck 24055), near Hellgate, on Rogue
River, the type locality. The large brilliantly colored flowers

182 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. vi, NO. 8

mark this as one of our finest as well as rarest species of the genus.

TELLIMA ODORATA How. In Abrams’ Flora this is relegated to
synonymy under T. grandiflora. Even in the field the distinctive
features of the species seem sufficiently clear. It occurs nearly
through the Columbia Gorge and at various points down the
immediate coast line as far as Coos Co. It averages taller, more
robust and more coarsely hirsute than T. grandiflora, with the
herbage uniformly a deeper green. The petals average longer
than in T. grandiflora and are usually pure white in early an-
thesis instead of greenish tinged. As the specific name implies,
the flowers are very fragrant, the odor persisting throughout the
day. We have grown the two species side by side for many years,
and believe our observations are correct.

HEUCHERA MERRIAMI Eastw. We found this strongly marked
and seemingly rare Heuchera on a dry but well-shaded cliff
about 2 miles south of Bolan Lake in extreme southern Jose-
phine Co., July 20, 1947 (Peck 13547). Rosendahl et al. (Mono-
graph of the Genus Heuchera) assume that this is a hybrid, H.
pilosissima F. & M. X H. rubescens Torr. This seems scarcely
probable, at least in this case, since the former of these species
is not known to occur within less than 40 miles of our locality,
and the latter not within a much greater distance.

RIBES DIVARICATUM Dougl. is a somewhat variable species in
the matter of pubescence, but otherwise commonly quite stable.
A form occurs, however, on the Oregon coast, southward, that
differs markedly from all other examples we have examined.
This we would designate

Ribes divaricatum Dougl. var. rigidum Peck, var. nov., ramulis crassis
rigidis primo puberulis dense canescentibus; spinulis permultis magnis
interdum 2 cm. longis basi 6 mm. latis; foliis crassiusculis firmis supra sparse
puberulis venis crassis subtus prominentibus; tubo calycis minute puberu-
lenti vel glabro.

Branchlets stout and rigid, the younger shoots canescent with a dense
fine pubescence; prickles numerous, straight or slightly curved, large, often
2 cm. long and 6 mm. thick at base; leaves thick and stiff, the veins deeply
impressed above, stout and prominent beneath, the upper surface sparsely
strigose, the lower with a short dense velvety pubescence.

Type, Peck 23968, in herbarium of Willamette University,
collected in a moist thicket near Goldbeach, Curry Co., Oregon,

July 24, 1945.
Ribes inerme Rydb. var. subarmatum Peck, var. nov. A specie baccis
aculeis 12-20 gracilibus armatis differt.

DECEMBER, 1954 | OREGON PLANTS 183

Differs from the species in having the berries armed with 12-20 slender
prickles more than half as long as the diameter of the fruit.

Type, Peck 16729, from a moist bank along Dead Indian
Road, 12 miles northeast of Ashland, Jackson Co., Oregon, July
7, 1931. This locality is well outside the regular range of typical
R. inerme. The variety would have more weight, if more ma-
terial were available from the same general area.

POTENTILLA PARADOXA Nutt. We have this from the bank of
the Snake River in northeastern Malheur Co. (Peck 23997) and
from Hart Lake, Lake Co. (Peck 26841).

POTENTILLA INDIGES Peck. ‘Though not so much as recognized
even in synonymy in Abrams’ Flora, this still seems to us worthy
of specific standing. We have seen nothing from our territory at
least, to match it in leaf-characters and in the small relatively
abundant flowers. We know it only from damp meadows along
John Day River, near John Day, Grant Co., where at least for-
merly it was quite plentiful.

POTENTILLA MACROPETALA Rydb. We have material of this
seemingly little-known species from the summit of Saddle Moun-
tain, Clatsop Co., collected by Mr. John Davis, State Entomolo-
gist of Oregon, June 10, 1952. It seems amply distinct from P.
gracilis Dougl., to which it has recently been relegated in syn-
onymy.

POTENTILLA ANOMALIFOLIA Peck. In Abrams’ Flora this name
appears in synonymy under P. Drummondii. So far as we know,
it has been collected only in the type locality, where it was
found in some abundance. The two species are very unlike both
in leaf-characters and inflorescence as well as in habit.

POTENTILLA VERSICOLOR Rydb. This is given “‘fine-print” rec-
ognition in Abrams’ Flora, with the type locality, Gearhart Mt.,
Lake Co. We have in the herbarium of Willamette University
two or three specimens from about Fish Lake, Steens Mts., and
one from Mirror Lake, Wallowa Mts. (Peck 17790).

Rusus BarTonianus Peck. The total range of this, perhaps
the most strikingly beautiful species of the genus west of the
Rocky Mts., consists only of the lower walls of Hell’s Canyon
of the Snake River Gorge. It forms huge erect clumps often 6
to 10 ft. high, which when in bloom resemble over-sized rose
bushes densely clothed with white flowers as large as those of
thimble berry. The proposed Hell’s Canyon Dam, when and if

184 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. VII, No.8

it materializes, will probably lead to the complete extermina-
tion of this noble shrub, unless it is rescued by domestication.
This is another species that escaped Abrams’ Flora.

SoPpHORA LEACHIANA Peck. We described this interesting plant
some years ago (Madrono vol. 6, Jan., 1941) from inadequate
material collected by Mrs. Lilla Leach at Rand Ranger Sta-
tion, near Galice, Josephine Co. The diagnosis is faulty and
somewhat misleading, but in May, 1946, we secured good speci-
mens (Peck 24076), and would now amend the description to
read as follows:

Stems mostly arising singly from elongated rootstocks, usually branched,
sometimes from the base, 3-4 dm. high, finely grayish-tomentose; leaves
several, somewhat crowded above, 1-2 dm. long, the leaflets 19-33, broadly
oblong, rounded at both ends, 1-2 cm. long, thin, villous-tomentose and
paler beneath, thinly appressed-pubescent above; raceme usually solitary
and terminal, 7-15 cm. long, the flowers 20-50, on pedicels 5 mm. long or
less; calyx broadly cylindric-campanulate, strongly gibbous above, 7-9 mm.
long, the teeth short and broadly triangular; petals greenish-white, 9-12
mm. long; fruit (immature) strongly curved upward, on a stipe 3-4 mm.
long, several-seeded, constricted between the seeds, densely short-villous-
tomentose and silvery.

We have seen no mature fruit of this species. Most of the
flowers wither and fall entire following anthesis, but a few
legumes undergo at least partial development, though we find
no evidence that any reach maturity. We have no record of the
plant except from the type locality and immediate neighbor-
hood. It is one of the most remarkable of that group of narrowly
localized endemic species occurring in Josephine and Curry
counties south of the great canyon of Rogue River.

LUuPINUS UNCIALIS Wats. We reported this diminutive lupine
several years ago from extreme southern Malheur Co. We have
since taken it (Peck 25263) from a good-sized colony 18 miles
north of Frenchglen, Harney Co.

MEDICAGO MINIMA Guffb. var. PUBESCENS Webb. Well estab-
lished on gravelly flats, central Jackson Co. (Peck 24852). Native
of Europe.

ASTRAGALUS LYALLII Gray. We collected this near Adrian in
eastern Malheur Co. (Peck 25926), the only record we have for
the state.

ASTRAGALUS TYGHENSIS Peck. In Abrams’ Flora this is relegated
to synonymy under A. Spaldingit. It is clearly a quite distinct,
as well as an apparently strongly localized species. Of the two

DECEMBER, 1954] OREGON PLANTS 185

species in question, A. tyghensis has somewhat stouter and more
coarsely villous stems, leaflets mostly broader, elliptic or elliptic-
oblong, and the distinctly larger corolla clear light yellow, in-
stead of white or ochroleucous. The known range of A. tyghensts
covers high open slopes above Deschutes River in central Wasco
Co. from Maupin to Tygh Valley, and a few miles in the op-
posite direction.

AsTRAGALUs PEckil Piper. Hitherto this seems to have been
recorded only from the neighborhood of the type station, north-
western Deschutes Co. Material collected on pumice sand 10
miles south of Chemult, Klamath Co. (Peck 29131), gives a clear-
er idea of the vegetative characters of the species than do any
of the examples previously examined by us. The prostrate stems
above the short woody base sometimes reach a length of 3 dm.
and live over to. the second or probably the third season and
remain more or less clothed with the persistent, indurated, and
very acute rachises of the dead leaves, which thus take the form
of long needle-like spines. This is another of the “fine-print”
species of Abrams’ Flora.

OXYTROPIS DEFLEXA (Pall.) DC. var. seRICEA ‘T’. & G. was col-
lected in the deep canyon of Hurricane Creek, Wallowa Co.,
july 24, 1944 (Peck: 25574).

OXALIS OREGANA Nutt. It has long been recognized that this
species as it occurs in the more northerly portion of its range
differs in several particulars from that of the more southerly
portion, mainly California, the latter being O. Smallii Knuth,
which is not recognized by Jepson as being distinguishable from
the typical form. The two are almost identical morphologically.
The northern form averages a little smaller, with white or pale
pinkish petals usually under 2 cm. long, while the southern
plant has bright lavender or rose-colored petals 2-3 cm. long.
The above facts were pointed out by Lewis S. Rose (Leafl. West.
Bot. 1:49,50,—1933), but the suggested nomenclatorial combina-
tion was not actually made, which we now propose:

Oxalis oregana Nutt. var. Smallii (Knuth) Peck, comb. nov.
O. Smallii Knuth, Notizbl. Bot. Garten Berlin 7:308,—1919).
We have no record of this variety in Oregon except that of a
considerable colony near the mouth of Galice Creek in the can-
yon of Rogue River, northwestern Josephine Co. (Peck 24087).

ELAEAGNUS ANGUSTIFOLIUS L. Extensively planted as a roadside

186 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. VII, NO.8

shade tree in northern Oregon east of the Cascades. It has freely
escaped and become rather widely established in parts of north-
ern Malheur and southeastern Baker counties.

MENTZELIA CONGESTA (Nutt.) T. & G. This seems not to have
been hitherto recorded from Oregon. Specimens were collected
by Mr. John Davis ‘‘along Crooked Creek,” Malheur Co., in
July, 1952, and are now in the herbarium of Willamette Uni-
versity.

ARCTOSTAPHYLOS VISCOSISSIMA Peck, of our Manual, is better
considered a well-marked variety of A. hispidula How.

Gentiana Sceptrum Griseb. var. cascadensis Peck, var. nov., caule robus-
tiore pallido; foliis latioribus elliptici-lanceolatis vel ovatis sursum paulo
redactis; corolla latius infundibuliforme 3.5-4 cm. longa.

Stem stout, pallid; leaves broader than in the species, elliptic-lanceolate
to ovate, little reduced upward; corolla more broadly funnelform.

Type, Peck 19817, from a damp grassy swale, 5 miles south-
east of Silver Creek Falls, Marion Co., Oregon, August 8, 1937.

A strikingly handsome plant, very unlike the typical form
of the species, which in Oregon at least is found mainly in bogs
along the immediate coast and on the lower Columbia. The
type was from ‘Fort Vancouver,” collected by Douglas. Speci-
mens from farther north than the type locality of the variety,
e.g., J. W. Thompson 3649, from Lost Lake near Mt. Hood,
and one from Clackamas Lake, eastern Clackamas Co., by Mrs.
R. D. Cooper, show intergradation between the two, especially
in leaf-characters.

CuscuTa Gronovil Willd. Material of this dodder was brought
us from cultivated areas about Ontario, Malheur Co., by Mr.
John Davis, of Salem, and is now in the herbarium of Willa-
mette University. It is doubtless adventive from far eastward,
where it is extensively distributed.

LINANTHUS BOLANDERI (Gray) Greene. Collected from a con-
siderable colony on the south slope of Sexton Mountain, in
northeastern Josephine Co., in May, 1948 (Peck 24791). This is
the only positive record we have for the state, reports to the con-
trary notwithstanding.

CRYPTANTHA FRAGILIS Peck. Many years ago material later
described under this name was examined by Dr. Ivan Johnston
and annotated as undescribed, and we acted accordingly. The
specific characters seem fairly distinctive in the light of Dr.

DECEMBER, 1954] OREGON PLANTS 187

Johnston’s work, though the matter seems to have been lost
sight of completely. It is apparently a rather local plant of dry
stony ground, northern Josephine and Curry counties (Peck
3995, 23782).

PLAGIOBOTHRYS ASPER Greene. A Plagiobothrys, such as one
we have from central Wasco Co., is what we are rather assuming
Greene had in hand when describing the above. We have not
been able to fit our material into P. tenellus (Nutt.) Gray, to
which P. asper has been referred, speaking of P. tenellus as we
commonly find it. We hope that our single gathering (Peck
26179) may encourage some other collector to be on the lookout
for something to match it.

PENSTEMON BaARRETTAE Gray. The type locality of this fine
Penstemon, and seemingly the only one known in the state, has
been almost at the vanishing point for some years past, until
recently recovered by Mr. John Davis, a Penstemon enthusiast
but not an exterminator. Mr. Davis shared his scanty collections
with us.

PENSTEMON HESPERIUS Peck. This tall Penstemon of boggy
meadows is apparently known from but two or three stations in
the state, besides the type locality, these in Washington and
Clackamas counties.

PENSTEMON SUBSERRATUS Penn. Another rare and local Pen-
stemon hitherto known south of Columbia River only on the
lower north slope of Mt. Hood, has recently been taken by Mr.
Davis at two or three points southward in Wasco Co., nearly as
far as Tygh Valley.

MIMULUS JUNGERMANNIOIDES Suksd. Taken on damp cliffs
along Deschutes River near Maupin and at Sherar’s Bridge,
Wasco Co., the latter on June 7, 1950 (Peck 26230). So far as we
know these are the only records of the species south of Columbia
Gorge.

VERONICA SHERWOODII Peck. Dr. Pennell rejected this, refer-
ring it to V. peregrina subsp. xalapensis. Veronica peregrina is
definitely an annual and usually short-lived. The type of V.
Sherwoodti, now in the herbarium of the University of Oregon,
was collected in late May, in the canyon of Imnaha River, Wal-
lowa Co., at an altitude of little under 5000 ft. It is a small, some-
what matted plant with almost filiform branches, the basal por-
tion semiwoody and persistent and bearing dead, empty and

188 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. VII, No.8

discolored capsules of the previous season. These are hardly the
marks of an annual.

SYNTHYRIS MISSURICA (Raf.) Penn. * BrssEYA RUBRA (Dougl.)
Penn. The two plants were found growing plentifully and indis-
criminately intermingled over a considerable area of open woods
along Imnaha River, 23 miles above the town of Imnaha, Wal-
lowa Co., March 25, 1934. The assumed hybrids were unmistak-
able. The stems of these were relatively taller and more robust
than those of S. missurica and the leaves relatively longer, and
both intermediate between those of the parent species; many,
perhaps half of the flowers of the hybrid were apetalous, while
in those that were petalous, the corolla was smaller and more
unevenly cut than in what we were satisfied was the Synthyris
parent. Other characters were not closely noted, and unfortu-
nately most of our material of the hybrid was later lost.

CASTILLEJA TAEDIFERA Penn. So far as the writer is aware, the
type specimen of this species is the only one in any collection.
This he secured in the extreme northeastern corner of Wallowa
Co. By some ill luck only enough material was preserved for a
single herbarium sheet. This was later submitted to Dr. Pen-
nell for study, but not as a duplicate, but it was not returned
and is doubtless safely reposing today in the herbarium of the
Philadelphia Academy. Further examination of the neighbor-
hood of the type locality is to be desired.

CasTILLEJA Drxoni Fern. Material of this species now in the
herbarium of Willamette University was taken by Mr. John
Davis of Salem, in June, 1953, on Saddle Mountain, Clatsop
Co. So far as we are aware this is the first record of the occur-
rence of this species in Oregon. What has been previously re-
ported and has been described under this name in our Manual,
is the more recently described C. litoralis Penn.

PLANTAGO MACROCARPA C. & S. A considerable detached col-
ony of this more northerly plantain occurs in a boggy meadow
at Yachats, in extreme southwestern Lincoln Co. (Peck 20162,
21606).

SAMBUCUS GLAUCA Nutt. X SAMBUCUS CALLICARPA Greene. We
would thus dispose of several specimens now in the herbarium
of Willamette University, collected by Mr. Oliver Matthews at
the following points in northwestern Oregon: 5.5 miles north
of Linnton, May 8, 1939; near Corbett, June 18, 1940; Holbrook,

DECEMBER, 1954] OREGON PLANTS 189

June 17, 1940; 1 mile north of Globe, May 8, 1939. The last of
these stations is in Columbia Co., the others in Multnomah Co.
The examples are all from tall shrubs or small trees, approach-
ing S. glauca in size and well above the usual size of S. callicarpa.
The inflorescence is intermediate in form, being broady coni-
cal or strongly convex. The fruit is deep reddish-purple, not at
all glaucous. Both of the supposed parent species are plentiful
along the lower Columbia. Sambucus callicarpa regularly flow-
ers much earlier in the season than S. glauca, but due, perhaps,
to the relatively uniform conditions as to temperature and
moisture in the Gorge there is a certain overlapping in the
flowering periods of the two species, naturally favoring hybridi-
zation.

ERIGERON AUSTINAE Greene. In his “Revision of the North
American Species of Erigeron,” Dr. Arthur Cronquist assigns
this to subspecific status under E. chrysopsidis Gray, which in
most respects it closely resembles, except that in the common
form the plants average somewhat smaller with the herbage
more condensed and the ligules entirely undeveloped or only
barely indicated. On June 11, 1948, we collected on Hart Moun-
tain, Lake Co., specimens (Peck 25791) that seemed in every re-
spect the ordinary E. Austinae, except that the ligules were
well developed and up to 5 mm. long and the color instead of
the bright yellow of those of E. chrysopsidis, was very pale yel-
low or cream or sometimes light lavender. In the same general
area was found a variety of intergradations between the wholly
rayless and wholly radiate phases. From these observations it
appears (and with this Dr. Cronquist has expressed himself as
willing to agree) that E. Austinae is a sufficiently well-marked,
though in respect to the ligules a highly variable, species.

ERIGERON COMPosiITUS Pursh var. SUBMONTANUS Peck. The
type collection of this and copious material transplanted and
grown from the same gathering comprise all the examples we
have seen of the variety, as well as of the species west of the Cas-
cade Mts., with the exception of those from the Siskiyou Mts.
Dr. Cronquist, doubtless on sufficient grounds, finds the variety
too weak to merit recognition, with which we do not disagree.

BAERIA MARITIMA Gray. This plant, occurring on headlands
above the sea reportedly from Vancouver Island to California,
is certainly rare with us. The only Oregon example we have

190 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. VI, NO.8

seen, now in the herbarium of Willamette University, was
brought in from Otter Crest, Lincoln Co., many years ago, by
a student.

CHAENACTIS SuKspDORFII Stockwell. A local species closely re-
lated to C. Douglasii (Hook.) H. & A. but readily distinguish-
able in the field. It seems hitherto to have been recorded only
from southern Washington, but on June 29, 1951, we collected
it (Peck 26336) near Boardman, Morrow Co. It was growing
abundantly over a limited and apparently sharply defined area.

CHAENACTIS STEVIOIDES H. & A. This has been previously re-
ported from Oregon, but we had seen no specimens from the
state until June 16, 1949, when we found it (Peck 25724) scat-
ered over a considerable sandy area a few miles southwest of
Rome, Malheur Co.

ACHILLEA LANULOSA Nutt. var. ERADIATA (Piper) Peck. The
type of this was collected by J. C. Nelson at the western base of
Mt. Jefferson, Linn Co., in August, 1919, and so far as we know,
the entity has not been reported since. The characters as set forth
in Piper’s description of A. eradiata seem rather distinctive and
may be worth further investigation.

MATRICARIA CHAMOMILLA L. A considerable colony of this
familiar European herb was found June 27, 1951 (Peck 26341)
along a field border, apparently well established, 8 miles west
of Langdon Lake, Umatilla Co.

LACTUCA SALIGNA L. Within the past three or four years, this
lettuce has become thoroughly established and is spreading
freely in southwestern Marion Co.

LACTUCA MURALIS (L.) E. Mey. This delicate attractive plant
has become thoroughly established in deep coniferous woods in
the neighborhood of Silver Creek Falls, Marion Co., and has
spread extensively within the past few years.

A NEW CALOCHORTUS FROM OREGON

BY MORTON E., PECK
Willamette University, Salem, Oregon

In May, 1948, the writer collected at the foot of the western
slope of Sexton Mt. in northeastern Josephine Co., Oregon,
specimens of Calochortus superficially resembling C. wniflorus,
and at the time taken for that species. A hasty comparison later

DECEMBER, 1954] A NEW CALOCHORTUS 19]

with a series of C. uniflorus proved this to be an error. Circum-
stances, however, prevented a more detailed study at the time,
and no more was done until Dr. Marion Ownbey in 1953 made
a brief stop in Salem and went over the specimens more care-
fully, pointing out the more salient features in which they dif-
fered from C. wniflorus. Later this material was sent to Dr. Own-
bey with a request that he describe the new species, and this he
consented to do. But in the pressure of affairs, this was delayed
until the end of June, 1954, the eve of his departure for a year’s
absence in Europe, when he returned the material to me to do
with as I saw fit. After further delay, when the case seemed
rather urgent (the more so since it is something of an event for
a new Calochortus to turn up north of the Mexican border); I
drew up the following, with the hope that it will meet with
Dr. Ownbey’s approval, especially as the main points in the
description as well as the specific name are his own suggestion:

Calochortus indecorus M. Ownbey & M. E. Peck, spec. nov. Bulbo ovoideo
2-2.5 cm. longo tunica crassa rigida; caule modo crasso erecto vel adscen-
denti non bulbifero 8—12 cm. longo ad inflorescentiam folio basali 2—2.5
dm. longo, 8-10 mm. lato, longo-acuminato inflorescentiam aequante, folio
secundo inflorescentiam subtendente prope 1 dm. longo et 3 mm. lato; um-
bellis 1-3-floris plerumque binis umbella tertia interdum in caule gracile ex
axilla folii basalis; bracteis prope 2.5 et 6 cm. longis; pedicellis 4-5 cm.
longis, modo crassis; sepalis late lanceolatis, petalis brevioribus, colore non
notabile; petalis clare lavendulaceis late obovatis breviter purpureo-barbatis
super ad glandulam aliter glabris; glandula paulo depressa subter mem-
brana minute denticulata marginata aliter nuda; antheris oblongis acutis
vel obtusis, filamentis multo brevioribus; capsula ovoidea 1.5-2 cm. longa
anguste 3-alata valde cernua.

Bulb ovoid with thick dark coat, 2-2.5 cm. long; stem rather stout, not
bulbiferous, erect or ascending, 8—12 cm. high below the inflorescence; basal
leaf 2-2.5 dm. long, 8-10 mm. wide, long-acuminate, the single cauline leaf
closely subtending the inflorescence, 8-10 cm. long, about 3 mm. wide;
umbels commonly 2, 2- or 3-flowered, with sometimes a third umbel on a
slender stalk from the axil of the basal leaf; bracts about 2.5 and 6 cm. long;
pedicels rather stout, 4-5 cm. long; sepals broadly lanceolate, somewhat
shorter than the petals and without distinctive coloring; petals broadly
obovate, finely erose apically, bright lavender, glabrous on the inner face
except for a scant zone of short purple hairs above the gland; gland little-
depressed, covered below by the minutely denticulate membrane, but other-
wise naked; anthers oblong, acutish or obtuse, much shorter than the slender
filaments; capsule ovoid, 1.5-2 cm. long, narrowly 3-winged, strongly nod-
ding.

Type: Peck 24790, foot of west slope of Sexton Mt., Josephine
Co., Oregon, May 20, 1948. Not otherwise known.

192 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. VII, No.8

The new species falls in the subsection Nudi of Eucalochortus.
Its nearest known relative is doubtless C. uniflorus H. & A., from
which it differs, as Dr. Ownbey emphasizes, in the absence of
basal bulblets on the stem and in the much greater length of
the latter, which is moderately stout and usually erect.

PUGILLUS ASTRAGALORUM XVI: MINOR
NOVELTIES FROM NEVADA

BY R. C. BARNEBY
Wappingers Falls, New York

The four varieties described below are published here in
order to make the names available for a treatment of Astragalus
in Nevada to appear in “Contributions toward a Flora of Ne-
vada,” a series of mimeographed papers initiated by the Bureau
of Plant Industry, under the direction of Dr. W. Andrew Archer.
The four nomenclatural combinations appended have been
found necessary in the course of extensive studies of taxonomi-
cally complex groups not exclusively and in two cases only
marginally involved in the Nevada flora; they will be more
fully discussed elsewhere.

Astragalus convallarius Greene var. finitimus Barneby, var. nov., a var.
convallario, cui caeterea persimilis, legumine oblongo breviori ac latiori,
1.3—2.4 cm. longo, 3.4—4 mm. lato, distincta.

Uran: 3 miles south of Enterprise, Washington Co., 11 June,
1942, Ripley & Barneby 4967; type in Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci.
No. 300426. Nevapa: Highland Range, west of Caliente, Lin-
coln Co., Ripley & Barneby 3487, 6407.

The present variety was interpreted by the writer (1947, p. 28)
as an individual variation of var. convallarius, about coordi-
nate with A. junceus var. attenuatus Jones, but representing
the short as opposed to the long extreme in size of the pod. But
whereas the pod of var. attenuatus, in the type-region near Price,
Utah, varies greatly in length in one collection (from 2.5—4.5
cm., for example, in Ripley & Barneby 8638), that of var. fini-
timus is absolutely shorter and broader than anything seen from
elsewhere in the range of var. convallarius. In fact it more nearly
resembles the pod of the related A. diversifolius Gray, to which
I wrongly referred the type (Barneby, 1944, p. 148), before the

DECEMBER, 1954] | _PUGILLUS ASTRAGALORUM 193

true characters of the latter species had been appreciated (Bar-
neby, 1947, p. 27). It might be added that although the flower
of var. finitimus stands at or below the small extreme of var.
convallarius, and its pod is smaller, the ovules (18-26) are at or
above the extreme number for the species. The var. finitimus
appears to occupy a restricted island at the southeastern edge of
the widely dispersed var. convallarius, with which it can be con-
trasted as follows:

Pod elongate, linear or linear-lanceolate, 2.5-5 cm. long, 2.5-3.3 mm. wide,
8-18 times longer than its greatest diameter; ovules 13-20 ............
Mires state Ahi teats tose baa. neha te ate ecw Wine, oe hana aains var. convallarius

Pod shorter, narrowly oblong, 1.3-2.4 cm. long, 3.44 mm. wide, 4-6 times
as long as its greatest diameter; ovules 18-26 ............ var. finitimus

AsTRAGALUS OOPHORUS Wats. The plentiful material of this
species now available provides a distinct picture of racial dif-
ferentiation within it, and it is now possible to make out four
varieties neatly separated geographically, two of them new:

Calyx-tube broadly campanulate, 4-6.5 mm. long, 2-5 mm. in diameter, over
half as wide as long; claws of the wings and keel 6-9 mm. long; blades of
the keel half-obovate or -circular, abruptly incurved through 90°—100°
to the blunt deltoid apex; gynophore (apparent stipe of the pod) 3.5—8
(10) mm. long.

Petals bicolored, the banner and keel pink-purple, the wing-tips white;
pod subsymmetrically ellipsoid, both sutures convexly arched; south-
ern and central Nevada, southeastern California and southeastern
Oregon.

Flowers large, the calyx 7-12 mm., the banner 16-23 mm. long; ovules
41-53; range as given, but not of the Charleston Mts...............
eit Gots 5 McA en ee te RAGA On CIS ain ice Pore aoe rae a. var. oophorus

Flowers small, the calyx 6-7 mm., the banner about 11 mm. long; ovules
23-28; Charleston Mts., Clark Co., Nevada ...... b. var. Clokeyanus

Petals ochroleucous, concolorous, the banner rarely tinged with pale lilac;
pod strongly asymmetric, half-ovoid or -ellipsoid, the ventral suture
straight or a trifle concave, the dorsal one gibbous-convex; east-cen-
tral Nevada to northern Arizona and western Colorado.............-
Sees eet erie Gee Soca Be Sosa organs cc Pgs Wi head Minis BPs Slaps d. var. caulescens

Calyx-tube cylindric, (7.8) 8—8.5 mm. long, 3.6—4.4 mm. in diameter, about
twice longer than wide; claws of the wings and keel 10-12 mm. long;
blades of the keel lunately half-elliptic, gently incurved through about
45° to the triangular apex; gynophore 10—11 mm. long; local in south-
GASUERAD EVA is. sit And, ce As cals ia Loti Geko 6 c. var. lonchocalyx

The synonymy and distribution of var. oophorus (here modi-
fied only by the exclusion of the Charleston Mt. material) and
of var. caulescens have been discussed in an earlier paper (Bar-

194 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. VI, NO. 8

neby, 1944). The var. caulescens, formerly known only from
mountains surrounding the Colorado Basin, has now been
traced westward into extreme eastern Nevada (Becky Mt., White
Pine Co., Train 3888, NA). The new varieties are local modifi-
cations, apparently endemic to Nevada:

Astragalus oophorus Wats. var. Clokeyanus Barneby, var. nov., a var.
oophoro, cui leguminis florumque structura persimilis, floribus multo mi-
noribus, calyce (dentibus inclusis) 6 mm. tantum, vexillo circa 11 mm.,
carinaque 9.5 mm. longis, habitu toto graciliori, ovulisque minus numerosis
(23-28) diagnoscenda.

NevapaA: Lee Canyon Pipe Line Ridge, Charleston Mts.,
Clark Co., alt. 9000 ft., Percy Train 2141; type in Herb. National
Arboretum, isotype UC. Known only from the east slope of
Charleston Peak, where fairly abundant in yellow pine forest
between 8100 and 9100 ft. (La Rivers & Hancock 513, NA; Rip-
ley & Barneby 4979).

The type-collection was listed by Clokey (1942, p. 216; 1951,
p- 130) as A. artipes (a synonym of A. oophorus var. caulescens
Jones) and was interpreted by the writer (1944, p. 152) as a
small-flowered state of var. oophorus, but the discontinuity in
variation between the smallest flowers of var. oophorus and the
largest of var. Clokeyanus is marked. The entire plant presents
a more slender and delicate appearance than var. oophorus,
the pod averages smaller (about 2—2.5 cm. as opposed to 3.5-5.5
cm. long), and the ovules are considerably fewer. Presumably
var. Clokeyanus has been enabled to accumulate small differ-
ences in its isolated station, and belongs to the endemic ele-
ment of the Charleston Mt. flora.

Astragalus oophorus var. lonchocalyx Barneby, var. nov., a var. oophoro
calyce cylindrico longiori et pro rata angustiori, carinae laminis oblique
ellipticis per 45° tantum in apicem angustiorem sensim incurvis, gynophoro
leguminis longiori, ovulisque minus numerosis (34-38) absimilis.

NeEvapDA: Fay, 3 miles east of Deer Lodge, Lincoln Co., alt.
6000 and 6800 ft. in the limestone mountains about the head of
tional Arboretum. Apparently local, known only from between
6000 and 6800 ft. in the limestone mountains about the head of
the Muddy River, Lincoln Co., Nevada (Highland Range, Rip-
ley & Barneby 3486; 24 miles north of Pioche, Ripley & Barneby
9232).

The remarkable modification of the flower entitles var. lon-
chocalyx to systematic recognition. The cylindric calyx-tube

DECEMBER, 1954] | PUGILLUS ASTRAGALORUM 195

and long narrow petals resemble those of A. megacarpus (Nutt.)
Gray; but in growth-habit and in the pod it has everything in
common with 4. oophorus.

Astragalus Serenoi (O. Kze.) Sheld. var. sordescens Barneby, var. nov., a
var. Serenoi racemo contractiori, petalis sordide stramineis (alis carinaque
tantum purpurascentibus), calyce angustius cylindrico, necnon legumine
oblique ovoideo subuniloculari (septo vix 0.5 mm. lato) separanda.

Nevapa: foothills of the Toquima Range, 7 miles south of
Belmont, Nye Co., alt. 6800 ft., Ripley & Barneby 3673, flor,
4000, fruct. Cotypes in Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. Nos. 289610 and
292817. Known only from this locality.

This is the plant which I wrongly identified (1942, p. 113)
with A. Shockleyi Jones, now believed to represent no more than
a form of A. Serenoi with relatively narrow pod. An ample series
of collections from western Nevada now links up Shockley’s
type from Fish Lake Valley (probably Esmeralda Co.) with the
plumply broad-fruited extreme described as A. canonis Jones,
and I now consider both of these supposed species as minor
variants of var. Serenoi, from which var. sordescens stands out
sharply in the following particulars:

Peduncles and axis of the raceme together 15-40 cm. long, the pods and
usually the flowers far exserted from the leaves; calyx-tube 3-4 mm. in
diameter; petals lilac or purple with white wing-tips, strongly graduated,
the banner 17-26 mm. long, 4.5-8.5 mm. longer than the keel; pod oblong
or oblong-ellipsoid, broadest near the middle, semibilocular, the septum
well developed, 2-3 mm. wide .............00020000eeeees var. Serenoti

Peduncles and raceme-axis 6-15 cm. long, the flowers and pods exserted only

just beyond the leaves; calyx-tube narrowly cylindric, 24—2.8 mm. in
diameter; petals sordid straw-color, the keel and wing-tips tinged with
dull lilac, the banner 14.5-16 mm. long, only 1.5-2.5 mm. longer than
the keel; pod obliquely ovoid, broadest near the base, subunilocular,
the septum subobsolete, 0.5 mm. wide or less............ var. sordescens

Astragalus miser Doug]. var. tenuifolius (Nutt.) Barneby, stat. nov. Ho-
malobus tenuifolius Nutt. ex T. & G., Fl. N. Amer. 1:353 (1838).

Astragalus bisulcatus (Hook.) Gray var. nevadensis (Jones) Barneby, comb.
nov. A. Haydenianus var. nevadensis Jones, Zoe 2:241 (1891). Includes A.
Jepsoni Sheld., based on A. demissus Greene, not Bss. & Heldr.; Diholcos Jep-
soni (Sheld.) Rydb. :

Astragalus calycosus Torr. var. mancus (Rydb.) Barneby, stat. nov. Hamosa
manca Rydb., Bull. Torr. Club 54:17 (1927). A. mancus (Rydb.) Wheeler,
Rhodora 40:136 (1938).

Astragalus nyensis Barneby, nom. et stat. nov. A. Nuttallianus var. piliferus
Barneby, Leafl. West. Bot. 3:110 (1942).

196 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. Vu, NO.8

LITERATURE CITED

Barnrsy, R. C. 1942. Pugillus Astragalorum Nevadensium. Leafl. West. Bot.
a: 92-114.

——1944. Pugillus Astragalorum Alter. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. IV, 25:147-170.

——1947. Pugillus Astragalorum VIII. Leafl. West. Bot. 5:25-35.

CLokey, I. W. 1942. Notes on the Flora of the Charleston Mountains IV.
Astragalus. Madrono 6:211-222.

——1951. Flora of the Charleston Mountains. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 24:1-274.

OBSERVATIONS ON THE GENUS SOLIVA
IN CALIFORNIA

BY BEECHER CRAMPTON
University of California, Davis

The appearance of Cabrera’s (1949) treatment of the genus
Soliva led to the investigation of some Californian collections
in the University of California Herbarium at Berkeley to deter-
mine whether species other than Soliva sessilis R. & P. occur in
this state.

Soliva sessilis is fairly well known in California as a diminu-
tive, weedy annual, occurring at low elevations in the Coast
Ranges from Del Norte County southward to Santa Barbara
County. The typical achenes of this species have broad entire
wings, each wing projecting above the body of the achene, usu-
ally as an incurved tooth 1 mm. long (Fig. 1B).

Two conspicuous variations were found in the Californian
collections bearing the name S. sessilis. The first difference was
noted in several collections on the immediate coast: Humboldt
County, J. P. Tracy 1069; Mendocino County, Les Koch 812,
Lewis §. Rose 39154; San Mateo County, Iva L. Wiggins 12352;
Santa Barbara County, Alice Eastwood 143. The achenes of
these plants are destitute of wings but occasionally bear a minute
tooth on each margin, little or not projecting above the body
of the achene (Fig. 1A). Nuttall (1841) named a plant from in
and around Santa Barbara as S. daucifolia and described the
achenes as “obovate, scabrous, slenderly margined, convex ex-
ternally, and minutely bidentate at the summit.” The author
has not examined the type but the Eastwood collection (No. 143)
of May 16, 1908, from Santa Barbara corresponds to Nuttall’s
description and closely approximates the other coastal collec-
tions listed above. The body of the achenes of these cited col-

DECEMBER, 1954] SOLIVA IN CALIFORNIA 197

lections measure 2 to 2.25 mm. in length, whereas the achene
body of S. sessilis measures 3 mm. or more in-length.

Soliva daucifolia Nutt., as interpreted here, bears striking re-
semblance to S. valdiviana Phil., a species, according to Cabrera
(1949), endemic to the Provinces of Valdivia and Llauquihue in
Argentina, but adventive in New Zealand. Both species lack
wings on the achenes, but S. daucifolia has pubescent achenes
while in S. valdiviana they are glabrous. Philippi (1864-5) recog-
nized the similarity of his plant to Solzva sessilis in general ap-

Figure 1. Achenes of Soliva, x 10. A. S. daucifolia Nutt. (Eastwood 143).
B. S. sessilis R. & P. (Crampton 1223). C. S. pterosperma (Juss.) Less. (Cramp-
ton 1121).

pearance, but owing to lack of wings on the achene, named it
as a new species. Cabrera (1949) readily accepts S. valdiviana as
a distinct species.

Previously, botanists have generally referred S. daucifolia to
S. sessilis, but the author feels there is sufficient difference in
achene morphology to reéstablish Nuttall’s plant as a valid
species.

A second series of distinctive plants in California has been
confused with S. sessilis. The achenes of this group have very
broad, membranous wings (to 1 mm.) with a conspicuous notch
indented 0.5 to 0.75 mm. in the lowest third above the base. Each
Wing is supplied with a tooth which projects above the body of
the achene and usually curves outward (Fig. 1C). These plants
agree with S. pterosperma (Juss.) Less. in Cabrera’s Sinopsis

198 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. vl, NO.8

(1949). From what material I have examined, S. pterosperma has
been collected in the foothills on western slope of the Sierra Ne-
vada, from Tuolumne County north to Eldorado County. The
species also occurs in southern Oregon.

The following key is presented for the known specite of Soliva

in California:

Achenes with broad, membranous wings, each wing projecting above the
body of the achene as a tooth 1—-1.5 mm. long.
Wings conspicuously notched toward the base.......... 1. S. pterosperma
Wines ONO s. s.6 55... oics'a> Se Woe nae Sete nee hips: ae 2. S. sessilis
Achenes with wings reduced to a hardened marginal callus, or if toothed,
the teeth minute and little or not at all projecting above the body of
thevachene: 2. oo), 614, hte. cd ek Seo ore eae 3. S. daucifolia

BIBLIOGRAPHY

CaprerA, A. L. 1949. Sinopsis del Genero Soliva (Compositae). Univ. Nacional
de la Plata; Notas del Museo de La Plata, Botanica, 14:123-129.
NUTTALL, T. 1841. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, new
series, 7:403.
Puivippl, R. A, 1864-65. Linnaea 33:168—169.
Agronomy Herbarium, College of Agriculture
University of California,
Davis, California

PLANT RECORDS FROM NEvADA COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. From Au-
gust 27 to September 2, 1954,-it was my pleasure to accompany
John O’Rourke, amateur student of geology, on a trip to the
vicinity of Greenhorn Creek, south of Nevada City, Nevada
County, California. A spring-fed lake at Buckeye Ridge, a for-
mer hydraulic mining area at about 3200 feet, between Chalk
Bluff Ridge and Greenhorn Creek, about two miles southeast
of Quaker Hill, proved to be a very interesting spot to explore
botanically. The rarely reported sedge, Rhynchospora capitel-
lata (Michx.) Vahl, was common in a colony about the north
side of the lake (my No. 8056), and also along an intermittent
stream about one-half mile to the northeast. According to Gale
(Rhodora 46:115-121,—1944), this species ranges from Nova
Scotia and New England southward to Florida and west to the
Mississippi River, ‘Texas, and Oklahoma. She also cites collec-
tions from the following western localities: Curry County, Ore-
gon; Trinity County, California; and Pitkin Marsh, Sonoma

DECEMBER, 1954] MEDICAGO PRAECOX 199

County, California. Thus it might be expected in the northern
Sierra, and more extensive collecting there may-serve to fill in
the gaps in its distribution.

Nearby grew several shrubs of Spiraea Douglasti Hook. (8052),
known from several stations in Plumas and Butte counties, but
not reported heretofore from so far south. Associated with the
Rhynchospora and Spiraea were Eleocharis Engelmanni Steud.
(8053), Panicum occidentale Scribn. (8054), Andropogon vir-
ginicus L. (8055), and Juncus dubius Engelm. (8058).

On the flood-plain of Greenhorn Creek at 2500 feet, I found
several plants of Hemicarpha micrantha (Vahl) Pax var. minor
(Schrad.) Fried. (8029). This plant has been previously known
to occur in the Sierra foothills in Calaveras and ‘Tuolumne
counties. It may also be reported here from Eldorado County,
on the basis of a collection in the herbarium of the California
Academy of Sciences: river’s edge, North Fork of Cosumnes
River 6.5 miles north of Plymouth, at about 800 feet elevation,
Eldorado County, October 12, 1930 (J. T. Howell 5586).—PETER
H. RAVEN.

MEDICAGO PRAECOX DC. Now In Catirornia. In April, 1954,
the precocious bur-clover was found twice in northern Califor-
nia: flood plain of the Feather River at Oroville, Butte Co.,
Raven 6615; flood bed of Dibble Creek, 1.5 miles north of Red
Bluff, Tehama Co., Howell 29188. At the latter station, it was
conspicuous because of the bright yellowish-green foliage of the
maturing plants; M. hispida growing with it was quite immature
with herbage still succulent and dark green.

Among the bur-clovers naturalized in California, M. praecox
resembles M. arabica and M. minima in having the spines chan-
neled or grooved. From the former, M. praecox differs in its
smaller immaculate leaflets and profoundly laciniate stipules
as well as in the venation on the face of the pods, while from the
latter M. praecox differs in its sparse, more strigose pubescence,
in the laciniate-divided stipules, and in the venation on the face
of the pods (the face of the pods being nearly smooth in M.
minima). Medicago praécox is indigenous to southern France
and the islands of Corsica and Sardinia.—J. T. HoweEtt.

200 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. VII, NO. 8

A New WEED FOR THE SIERRA FOOTHILLS. On August 27, 1954,
I found growing as a weed in an orchard at Penryn, Placer Coun-
ty, California, an annual species of Ambrosia (Raven 7957). This
has since proven to be Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., a species
which is native to the eastern United States and has been spar-
ingly reported from California. Robbins, Bellue, and Ball
(Weeds of California, p. 423, 1951) list it from California but
without definite stations. At Penryn, which is at the lower edge
of the oak belt, this species grew in association with such weeds
as Ipomoea purpurea L. (7963) and Physalis ixocarpa Benth.
(7961 ).—PETER H. RAVEN.

A Hysrip-SusPECT IN THE INULEAE. On June 14, 1953, while
botanizing on the Hastings Reservation in the Santa Lucia
Mountains, Monterey County, California, I was attracted by
some plants growing with Psilocarphus tenellus Nutt., which I
took to be Stylocline amphibolus (Gray) J. T. Howell. In habit
these plants resembled Micropus californicus F. & M., which
also grew in the vicinity, but they could not belong to that well-
known species since the fruiting pales were spirally, not rotately,
arranged. Since the occurrence of S$. amphibolus in the Santa
Lucia Mountains would represent a notable range extension
for a rather rare plant, the collection (No. 29070) has been care-
fully studied.

Now it would seem that the plant which so closely simulates
_ S. amphibolus probably represents a bigeneric hybrid between
Micropus and Psilocarphus. It cannot be S. amphibolus because,
among other differences, the fruiting pales lack the broad apical
and marginal membrane characteristic of that species. Instead,
the suspected hybrid combines structural features characteristic
of the two Inuleae with which it grew: the erect habit and in-
durate fruiting pales with low gibbosity as in M. californicus;
the spirally arranged pales with reticulate venation as in P.
tenellus. The leaf-arrangement, which in Micropus is alternate
and in Psilocarphus is opposite, is also intermediate in the sus-
pected hybrid: the lower cauline leaves are alternate or occa-
sionally opposite, while the upper leaves are generally opposite
or subopposite. About two dozen plants of the suspected hybrid
were seen, and all appeared to be quite sterile —J. T. HOWELL.

By? 2.

Vol. VII No. 9

LEAFLETS
of

_ WESTERN BOTANY

ive

| tee ? Ae

CONTENTS

PAGE
Check List of Ferns and Seed Plants of Frances Simes
Hastings Natural History Reservation . . . . 201
JEAN M. LInsDALE
RPT Lea dT Get I FOUT IS Pe hk A ee te ay ee ee
BEECHER CRAMPTON
A New Variety of Stipa Lemmoni. . . . . . . . 220
BEECHER CRAMPTON
A New Species and New Variety of Mimulus from ae
DAE Cer. CPi hes ee ge ek Day rola Daan ee eee
GABRIEL EDWIN
Pane Mie VMictittiaGsPass 6) 330); ge. aN ieee, See a ee

C. Leo HitcHcock

SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA
FEBRUARY 28, 1955

NEW *
BOTA
GAR

LEAFLETS
of
WESTERN BOTANY

Cited as

LEAFL. WEsT. Bot.

Owned and published by

Joun THomas HOWELL

FEBRUARY, 1955] = PLANTS OF HASTINGS RESERVATION 201

CHECK LIST OF FERNS AND SEED PLANTS
OF FRANCES SIMES HASTINGS NATURAL
HISTORY RESERVATION

BY JEAN M. LINSDALE
INTRODUCTION

The Frances Simes Hastings Natural History Reservation was
established in 1937 to preserve an area in California’s coastal
region where native plants and animals may live undisturbed by
agricultural use of the land, and to provide for continuous study
of vertebrate animals, especially their numbers and relationships
to their surroundings. The 1600-acre tract of land provided to
the Museum of Vertebrate Zoology of the University of Califor-
nia by Mrs. Hastings is near Jamesburg in the northern part of
the Santa Lucia Mountains, Monterey County. The Pacific
Ocean is less than 20 miles distant on the west, the distance to
Point Sur being nearly 20 miles and that to Point Lobos about
25 miles; Point Lobos is 24 miles west and 8 miles north of the
Reservation.

The Reservation contains parts of sections 4, 8, 9, 16, and 17,
T 18S,R4E, M.D.M., Jamesburg Quadrangle, Monterey Coun-
ty. The lines 36° 23’ N lat. and 121° 33’ W long. meet on the
Reservation not far from the headquarters where observations
and collections have been most. concentrated. The site lies on
the upper border of an area of grassland, being included in the
drainage of the Carmel River though not in the immediate
vicinity of that stream. Altitudinally the Reservation extends
from about 1500 feet up to around 2750 feet.

Nearness to the sea ordinarily would give the site a coastal
climate, but a high range of mountains intervenes. This cuts off
much of the ocean’s effect. Proximity to the sea does affect the
site by stabilizing the temperature, increasing the rainfall, tem-
pering the aridity of the summer, and reducing the evaporation.
Only a few miles farther inland this influence is lost and in
general character the land is much more like the desert. The
summer fog blanket rarely reaches the Reservation, but fog
distinctly affects the weather there. High ridges protect the site
from the characteristic, strong winds of the region.

The aim to protect the soil, the plants, and the animals on the
area is for the purpose of discovering and recording how all the
plants and animals can maintain their species. This involves also

Leaflets of Western Botany, Vol. VII, pp. 201-224, February 28, 1955.

202 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY __ [VOL. VII, NO.9

the detection and tracing of the multitude of responses that are
made between organisms as well as between organisms and the
environment. For this reason we need suitable names for the
plants.

One of the first undertakings was to collect and preserve speci-
mens of the kinds of plants that occur within the boundaries
of the Reservation. Collections were made of the fungi, lichens,
liverworts, mosses, ferns, and flowering plants. The ferns and
flowering plants have been given the most attention. The her-
barium of these higher plants consists of 3138 mounted speci-
mens on standard sheets and represents 586 kinds. We have
assembled a separate collection of seeds that represents most of
the species. A major undertaking in recent years was the prep-
aration of a collection of samples of leaves of the plants cleared,
stained, and mounted on microscope slides. This part of the col-
lection provides materials for the identification of fragments of
leaves, and especially the small pieces of food obtained from the
digestive tracts or droppings of birds and mammals. For each
species a photomicrograph was made which shows many of the
leaf structures.

The numbers in this list serve as codes, for the species and
families, for the sorting of the plants by means of Uni-sort cards
used in identifying the leaf characteristics.

The persons listed below have taken part in the collecting of
plant specimens, in the microtechnical preparations, and in the
curatorial work required in the establishment and maintenance
of the collection: Janet F. Cahoon, Lydia J. Cahoon, Sunny
Cook, Wilma Cook, Floyd E. Durham, Gretchen Graves, John
A. Gray, Henry A. Hjersman, Art Holman, John Thomas How-
ell, Beatrice F. Howitt, Enid A. Larson, Mary Ann Linsdale,
Jean M. Linsdale, Thomas Morley, Florence Morrow, G. Thom-
as Robbins, G. Ledyard Stebbins, Jr., Lloyd P. Tevis, Jr., P.
Quentin Tomich, and Josephine Zane.

I am grateful to the following authorities who have identified
specimens of plants collected on the Hastings Reservation:
Carleton R. Ball, Alan A. Beetle, Annetta Carter, Lincoln Con-
stance, Ethel K. Crum, Carl Epling, Roxanna S. Ferris, Robert
F. Hoover, John Thomas Howell, Beryl S. Jesperson, Peter
Kamb, David D. Keck, Howard E. McMinn, Herbert L. Mason,
Mildred E. Mathias, Francis W. Pennell, Clarence R. Quick, G.
Thomas Robbins, Helen K. Sharsmith, G. Ledyard Stebbins,
Jr., and Louis C. Wheeler.

FEBRUARY, 1955] = PLANTS OF HASTINGS RESERVATION 203

GoM OR Oo tO

14.

15.

16.
ii.

18.

19.
20.

7A
22.
2a.
a.
20.
26.

27
28
29

List OF PLANTS

PTERIDOPHYTA

1. POLYPODIACEAE

. CYSTOPTERIS FRAGILIS (Linnaeus) Bernhardi. Bladder Fern.

. DRYOPTERIS ARGUTA (Kaulfuss) Watt. California Wood Fern.

. POLYSTICHUM MUNITUM (Kaulfuss) Presl. Sword Fern.

WoopwaRDIA FIMBRIATA J. E. Smith. Chain Fern.

POLYPODIUM CALIFORNICUM Kaulfuss. California Polypody.

PITYROGRAMMA TRIANGULARIS (Kaulfuss) Maxon. Goldback Fern.

ADIANTUM JORDAN C. Mueller. California Maidenhair.

PTERIDIUM AQUILINUM (Linnaeus) Kuhn var. PUBESCENS Underwood.
Bracken.

. PELLAEA ANDROMEDAEFOLIA (Kaulfuss) Fée. Coffee Fern.

. PELLAEA MUCRONATA (D. C, Eaton) D. C. Eaton. Bird’s-foot Fern.

2. EQUISETACEAE
. EQUISETUM TELMATEIA Ehrhart var. BRAUNII (Milde) Milde. Giant Horse-
tail.
. EQUISETUM FUNSTONII A. A. Eaton. California Scouring-rush.
. EQUISETUM HYEMALE Linnaeus var. ROBUSTUM (A. Braun) A. A. Eaton.
Giant Scouring-rush.

3. SALVINIACEAE
AZOLLA FILICULOIDES Lamarck. Duckweed Fern.

4. SELAGINELLACEAE

SELAGINELLA BIGELOVII Underwood. Bigelow Moss-fern.

SPERMATOPHYTA

5. PINACEAE

PINUS PONDEROSA Douglas. Yellow Pine.
PINUS COULTERI D. Don. Coulter Pine.

6. TYPHACEAE
TYPHA DOMINGENSIS Persoon. Cat-tail.

7. GRAMINEAE

BROMUS CARINATUs Hooker & Arnott. California Bromegrass.
BROMUS GRANDIs (Shear) Hitchcock.

BROMUs GRANDIS (Shear) Hitchcock X BROMUs LAEVIPES Shear.
BROMUs LAEVIPES Shear. Woodland Bromegrass.

BROMUS MOLLIs Linnaeus. Soft Chess.

BROMUS ARENARIUS Labillardiére. Australian Chess.

BRoMUs RIGIDUs Roth. Ripgutgrass.

BROMUS RUBENS Linnaeus. Red Brome.

BROMUS MADRITENSIS Linnaeus.

. FESTUCA OCTOFLORA Walter. Six-weeks Fescue.

. FESTUCA MEGALURA Nuttall. Foxtail Fescue.

. FESTUCA DERTONENSIS (Allioni) Ascherson & Graebner.

204 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY __ [VOL. VII, NO.9

30. FEstucA MyuROs Linnaeus. Rat-tail Fescue.
31. FESTUCA PACIFICA Piper. Pacific Fescue.
32. FESTUCA CONFUSA Piper. Hairy-leaved Fescue.
33. FESTUCA REFLEXA Buckley. Few-flowered Fescue.
34. FESTUCA ELMERI Scribner & Merrill.
35. POA ANNUA Linnaeus. Annual Bluegrass.
36. PoA HOWELLII Vasey & Scribner. Howell Bluegrass.
37. POA PRATENSIS Linnaeus. Kentucky Bluegrass.
38. POA SCABRELLA (Thurber) Bentham. Malpais Bluegrass.
39. BRIZA MINOR Linnaeus. Little Quakinggrass.
40. DISTICHLIs spIcATA (Linnaeus) Greene. Saltgrass.
41. LAMARCKIA AUREA (Linnaeus) Moench. Golden-top.
42. MELICA IMPERFECTA Trinius. California Melic.
43. MELICA CALIFORNICA Scribner. Western Melic.
44. AGROPYRON DESERTORUM (Fischer) Schultes. Crested Wheatgrass.
45. AGROPYRON ARIZONICUM Scribner & Smith var. LAEVE Scribner & Smith.
AGROPYRON ARIZONICUM Scribner & Smith & SITANION JUBATUM
J. G. Smith.
AGROPYRON ARIZONICUM Scribner & Smith &* SITANION JUBATUM
46. ELyMus TritTicomEs Buckley. Beardless Wild-rye.
47. ELYMUS CONDENSATUS Presl. Giant Ryegrass.
48. ELyMUs GLAUCUS Buckley. Western Ryegrass.
ELYMUs GLAUCUS Buckley X SITANION JUBATUM J. G. Smith
= SITANION HANSENII (Scribner) J. G. Smith.
49. SITANION JUBATUM J.G. Smith. Big Squirreltail.
50. HORDEUM CALIFORNICUM Covas. Meadow Barley.
51. HORDEUM HystTRix Roth. Mediterranean Barley.
52. HORDEUM LEPORINUM Link. Barnyard Foxtail.
53. HORDEUM STEBBINSII Covas. Stebbins Barley.
54. HORDEUM VULGARE Linnaeus. Barley.
55. LOLIUM PERENNE Linnaeus. Perennial Ryegrass.
56. LOLIUM MULTIFLORUM Lamarck. Italian Ryegrass.
57. LOLIUM TEMULENTUM Linnaeus. Darnel.
58. SCHISMUS BARBATUs (Linnaeus) Thellung.
59. KOFLERIA CRISTATA (Linnaeus) Persoon. Junegrass.
60. TRISETUM CANESCENS Buckley.
61. DESCHAMPSIA DANTHONIOIDES (Trinius) Munro.
62. DESCHAMPSIA ELONGATA (Hooker) Munro. Slender Hairgrass.
63. AIRA CARYOPHYLLEA Linnaeus. Silver Hairgrass.
64. AVENA FATUA Linnaeus. Wild Oat.
65. AVENA BARBATA Brotero. Slender Oat.
66. AVENA SATIVA Linnaeus. Cultivated Oat.
67. CALAMAGROSTIS RUBESCENS Buckley. Reedgrass.
68. AGROSTIS SEMIVERTICILLATA (Forskal) C. Christensen. Water Bentgrass.
69. AGROSTIS EXARATA Trinius. Western Bentgrass.
70. AGROSTIS EXARATA Trinius var. PACIFICA Vasey.
71. POLYPOGON MONSPELIENSIS (Linnaeus) Desfontaines. Beardgrass.
72. POLYPOGON INTERRUPTUS Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth. Ditch Poly-
pogon.
73. GASTRIDIUM VENTRICOsUM (Gouan) Schinz & Thellung. Nitgrass.

FEBRUARY, 1955] | PLANTS OF HASTINGS RESERVATION

74. MUHLENBERGIA RIGENS (Bentham) Hitchcock. Deergrass.
75, STIPA CORONATA Thurber. Large Needlegrass.

76. STIPA PULCHRA Hitchcock. Purple Needlegrass.

77. STIPA CERNUA Stebbins & Love. Nodding Needlegrass.

78. STIPA LEPIDA Hitchcock. Foothill Needlegrass.

79. CYNODON DACTYLON (Linnaeus) Persoon. Bermudagrass.
80. PHALARIS PARADOXA Linnaeus. Gnawed Canarygrass.

81. PHALARIS MINOR Retzius. Smaller Canarygrass.

82. ECHINOCHLOA CRUS-GALLI (Linnaeus) Beauvois. Watergrass.

8. CYPERACEAE

83. ELEOCHARIS MACROSTACHYA Britton. Creeping Spikerush.
84. SciRPUS CERNUUs Vahl. Slender Clubrush.

85. ScIRPUS MIcRocaRPUS Presl. Panicled Bulrush.

86. CAREX ALMA Bailey.

87. CAREX LEPTOPODA Mackenzie.

88. CAREX BOLANDERI Olney. Wood Sedge.

89. CAREX GLOBOSA Boott.

90. CAREX SERRATODENS W. Boott. Bifid Sedge.

91. CAREX BARBARAE Dewey. Santa Barbara Sedge.

9. LEMNACEAE
92. LEMNA MINOR Linnaeus. Smaller Duckweed.

10. JUNCACEAE

93. JUNCUS EFFUsUs Linnaeus. Bog Rush.
94. JuNcUS PATENS E. Meyer. Common Rush.
95. JUNCUS MEXICANUs Willdenow. Mexican Rush.
96. JUNCUs BALTICUs Willdenow. Wire Rush.
97. JUNCUS OCCIDENTALIS (Coville) Wiegand. Western Rush.
98. JUNCUS BUFONIUs Linnaeus. Toad Rush.
99. JUNCUS RUGULOsUs Engelmann.
100. JuNcUs xIPHIOWES E. Meyer. Iris-leaved Rush.
101. LuzuLA MULTIFLORA (Retzius) Lejeune. Common Woodrush.

11. LILIACEAE

102. CHLOROGALUM POMERIDIANUM (De Candolle) Kunth. Soaproot.

103. ALLIUM PENINSULARE Lemmon. Wild Onion.

104. BLOOMERIA CROCEA (Torrey) Coville. Golden Bloomeria.
105. BRODIAEA IxIowEs (Aiton f.) Watson. Golden Brodiaea.
106. BRODIAEA PULCHELLA (Salisbury) Greene. Blue Dicks.
107. BRopIAEA LAXA (Bentham) Watson. Triteleia.

108. BRODIAEA JOLONENSIS Eastwood. Jolon Brodiaea.

109. FRITILLARIA LANCEOLATA Pursh. Checker Lily.

110. CALocHorTUus ALBUS (Bentham) Douglas. White Globe Lily.
111. CALOCHORTUS SPLENDENS Douglas. Lilac Mariposa.

112. CaLocHorTUus LUTEUS Douglas. Yellow Mariposa.

113. SMILACINA SESSILIFOLIA (Baker) Nuttall. Slim Solomon.

12. IRIDACEAE
114. SisyRINCHIUM BELLUM Watson. Blue-eyed Grass.

205

206 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY __ [VOL. VII, NO.9

13. ORCHIDACEAE
115. HABENARIA ELEGANS (Lindley) Bolander. Slender Rein-orchis.

14. SALICACEAE

116. SALIX HINDSIANA Bentham. Sandbar Willow.

117. SALIX LASIOLEPIS Bentham. Arroyo Willow.

118. SALIX LASIOLEPIS Bentham var. B1GELOvu (Torrey) Bebb.
119. SALIX LAEVIGATA Bebb. Red Willow.

120. SALIX LAEVIGATA Bebb var. ARAQuUIPA (Jepson) Ball.

121. PopuLUs TRICHOCARPA Torrey & Gray. Black Cottonwood.

15. BETULACEAE
122. ALNUS RHOMBIFOLIA Nuttall. White Alder.

16. FAGACEAE

123. QUERCUs KELLOGGII Newberry. California Black Oak.
124. QUERCUS AGRIFOLIA Née. Coast Live Oak.
QUERCUS AGRIFOLIA Née X QUERCUS KELLOGGIT Newberry
== QUERCUs CHASEI McMinn, Babcock, & Righter.
125. QUERCUS LOBATA Née. Valley Oak.
126. QUERCUS poUGLAsII Hooker & Arnott. Blue Oak.
127. QUERCUS CHRYSOLEPIS Liebmann. Maul Oak.

17. JUGLANDACEAE
128. JUGLANS HINDsII (Jepson) Jepson. California Black Walnut.

18. URTICACEAE

129. URTICA HOLOSERICEA Nuttall. Hoary Nettle.
130. URTICA URENS Linnaeus. Small Nettle.

19. LORANTHACEAE
131. PHORADENDRON VILLOSUM Nuttall. Common Mistletoe.

20. POLYGONACEAE

132. PTEROSTEGIA DRYMARIOIDES Fischer & Meyer.

133. LASTARRIAEA CHILENSIS Remy. Lastarriaea.

134. CHORIZANTHE STATICOIDES Bentham.. Turkish Rugging.

135. CHORIZANTHE DOUGLASII Bentham.

136. CHORIZANTHE MEMBRANACEA Bentham. Spine Flower.

137. ERIOGONUM ANGULOSUM Bentham. Angled-stemmed Eriogonum.

138. ERIOGONUM ELEGANS Greene.

139. ERIOGONUM GRACILE Bentham.

140. ERIOGONUM NORTONII Greene.

141. ERIOGONUM ELONGATUM Bentham.

142. ERIOGONUM NUDUM Douglas. Tibinagua.

143. RUMEX crispus Linnaeus. Curly Dock.

144. RUMEX CONGLOMERATUS Murray. Green Dock.

145. RUMEX SALICIFOLIUS Weinmann var. DENTICULATUS Torrey. Willow
Dock.

146. RUMEX PULCHER Linnaeus.

FEBRUARY, 1955] | PLANTS OF HASTINGS RESERVATION

147.
148.

149.
150.
151.
152.

153.
154.
155.

156.

157.
158.
159.
160.
161.

162.
163.
164.
165.
166.
167.
168.
169.
“170.
171.
172.
173.
174.
175.
176.

77.

178.
179.
180.
181.
182.
183.

RUMEX ACETOSELLA Linnaeus. Sheep Sorrel.
POLYGONUM AVICULARE Linnaeus. Wire Grass.

21. CHENOPODIACEAE
CHENOPODIUM MURALE Linnaeus. Nettle-leaf Goosefoot.
CHENOPODIUM ALBUM Linnaeus. White Goosefoot.
CHENOPODIUM AMBROSIOIDES Linnaeus. Mexican Tea.
CHENOPODIUM CALIFORNICUM Watson. Soap Plant.

22. AMARANTHACEAE

AMARANTHUS RETROFLEXUS Linnaeus. Rough Pigweed.
AMARANTHUS ALBUS Linnaeus. Tumbleweed.
AMARANTHUS GRAECIZANS Linnaeus. Prostrate Amaranth.

23. PORTULACACEAE

207

CALANDRINIA CILIATA (Ruiz & Pavon) De Candolle var. MENZzIEsII (Hooker)

Macbride. Red Maids.
MONTIA FONTANA Linnaeus. Water Chickweed.
MONTIA PERFOLIATA (Donn) Howell. Miner’s Lettuce.
MONTIA SPATHULATA (Douglas) Howell. Pale Montia.
CALYPTRIDIUM MONANDRUM Nuttall.
PORTULACA OLERACEA Linnaeus. Common Purslane.

24. CARYOPHYLLACEAE

STELLARIA MEDIA (Linnaeus) Cyrillo. Common Chickweed.
STELLARIA NITENS Nuttall. Shining Chickweed.

CERASTIUM GLOMERATUM Thuillier. Mouse-ear Chickweed.
SAGINA APETALA Arduino var. BARBATA Fenzl. Dwarf Pearlwort.
SAGINA OCCIDENTALIS Watson. Western Pearlwort.

ARENARIA DOUGLASII Fenzl. -

ARENARIA CALIFORNICA (Gray) Brewer. California Sandwort.
SPERGULA ARVENSIS Linnaeus. Corn Spurry.

SPERGULARIA BOCCONI (Scheele) Foucaud. Sand Spurry.
SPERGULARIA RUBRA (Linnaeus) J. & C. Pres]. Purple Sand Spurry.
POLYCARPON DEPRESSUM Nuttall. California Polycarp.
LOEFLINGIA SQUARROSA Nuttall.

SILENE ANTIRRHINA Linnaeus. Sticky Catchfly.

SILENE GALLICA Linnaeus. Windmill Pink.

SILENE VERECUNDA Watson. Coast Pink.

25. RANUNCULACEAE

AQUILEGIA FORMOSA Fischer var. TRUNCATA (Fischer & Meyer) Baker.
Woodland Columbine.

DELPHINIUM DECORUM Fischer & Meyer. Woodland Larkspur.

DELPHINIUM CALIFORNICUM Torrey & Gray. Coast Larkspur.

DELPHINIUM PARRYI Gray.

CLEMATIS LIGUSTICIFOLIA Nuttall. Yerba de Chivato.

CLEMATIS LASIANTHA Nuttall. Pipe-stem.

RANUNCULUs CALIFORNICUS Bentham. California Buttercup.

208 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. VII,NO.9

184. RANUNCULUS HEBECARPUs Hooker & Arnott. Downy Buttercup.
185. THALICTRUM POLYCARPUM (Torrey) Watson. Foothill Meadow Rue.

26. BERBERTDACEAE
186. BERBERIS PINNATA Lagasca. California Barberry.

27. LAURACEAE

187. UMBELLULARIA CALIFORNICA (Hooker & Arnott) Nuttall. California
Laurel.

28. PAPAVERACEAE

188. PLATYSTEMON CALIFORNICUS Bentham. Cream Cup.
189. MECONELLA LINEARIS (Bentham) Nelson & Macbride. Narrow-leaved

Meconella.
190. MECONELLA DENTICULATA Greene. White Meconella.
191. ESCHSCHOLZIA CALIFORNICA Chamisso. California Poppy.
192. EsCHSCHOLZIA CAESPITOSA Bentham var. HYPECOIDES (Bentham) Gray.
Slender California Poppy.
193. STYLOMECON HETEROPHYLLA (Bentham) G. Taylor. Wind Poppy.
194, PAPAVER SOMNIFERUM Linnaeus. Garden Poppy.

29. CRUCIFERAE

195. THELYPODIUM LASIOPHYLLUM (Hooker & Arnott) Greene. Cut-leaved
Thelypodium.

196. STREPTANTHUS GLANDULOSUS Hooker. Jewel Flower.

197. LEPIDIUM PERFOLIATUM Linnaeus.

198. LEPIDIUM NITIDUM Nuttall. Common Peppergrass.

199. LEPIDIUM PUBESCENS Desvaux. Wayside Peppergrass.

200. SISYMBRIUM OFFICINALE (Linnaeus) Scopoli. Hedge Mustard.
201. SIsyMBRIUM ALTISSIMUM Linnaeus. Tumbling Mustard.

202. DESCURAINIA SOPHIA (Linnaeus) Webb. Flixweed.

203. DESCURAINIA PINNATA (Walter) Britton subsp. MENzIEsII (De Candolle)

Detling. Tansy Mustard.
204. BRASSICA KABER (De Candolle) L. C. Wheeler.
205. BRASSICA GENICULATA (Desfontaines) J. Ball.
206. BRASSICA NIGRA (Linnaeus) Koch. Black Mustard.
207. BRASSICA CAMPESTRIS Linnaeus. Yellow Mustard.
208. BARBAREA AMERICANA Rydberg. Yellow Rocket.
209. RAPHANUs SATIVUS Linnaeus. Wild Radish.

210. RoRIPPA NASTURTIUM-AQUATICUM (Linnaeus) Schinz & Thellung. Water

Cress.
211. CARDAMINE OLIGOSPERMA Nuttall. Hill Cress.
212. DENTARIA CALIFORNICA Nuttall. Milkmaids.
213. TROPIDOCARPUM GRACILE Hooker. Dobie Pod.
214. CAPSELLA BURSA-PASTORIS (Linnaeus) Medicus. Shepherd’s Purse.
215. ATHYSANUs PUSILLUs (Hooker) Greene. Sandweed.
216. THYSANOCARPUS CURVIPES Hooker. Fringe Pod.
217. THYSANOCARPUS ELEGANS Fischer & Meyer. Lace Pod.
218. THYSANOCARPUS LACINIATUS Nuttall. Narrow-leaved Fringe Pod.
219. ARABIS GLABRA (Linnaeus) Bernhardi. Tower Mustard.
220. ERYSIMUM CAPITATUM (Douglas) Greene. Wallflower.

FEBRUARY, 1955] | PLANTS OF HASTINGS RESERVATION

221.
222.
223.

ao.

30. CRASSULACEAE
TILLAEA AQUATICA Linnaeus. Water Pygmyweed.
TILLAEA ERECTA Hooker & Arnott. Sand Pygmy.
ECHEVERIA LAXA Lindley. Rock Lettuce.

31. SAXIFRAGACEAE
SAXIFRAGA CALIFORNICA Greene. California Saxifrage.

209

225. LITHOPHRAGMA HETEROPHYLLUM (Hooker & Arnott) Torrey & Gray. Hill

226.
aah.
228.
229.
230.
231.
232.
233.

235.
236.

237.
238.
239.
240.
241.
249.
243.
244,
245.
246.
247.

248.
249.
250.
251.
252.
eB
254.
255.
256.
aol.

258.

Star.
LITHOPHRAGMA AFFINE Gray. Woodland Star.
RIBES GRACILLIMUM Coville & Britton. Golden Currant.
RIBES MALVACEUM Smith. California Black Currant.
RIBES DIVARICATUM Douglas. Straggly Gooseberry.
RIBES SERICEUM Eastwood. Lucia Gooseberry.
RIBES MENZIESII Pursh. Canyon Gooseberry.
RIBES CALIFORNICUM Hooker & Arnott. Hillside Gooseberry.
RIBEs SPECIOSUM Pursh. Garnet Gooseberry.

32. PLATANACEAE
PLATANUS RACEMOSA Nuttall. Western Sycamore.

33. ROSACEAE

HOLopIscus DISCOLOR (Pursh) Maximowicz var. FRANCISCANUS (Rydberg)

Jepson. Creambush.

POTENTILLA GLANDULOSA Lindley var. WRANGELLIANA (Fischer & Ave-

Lallement) Wolf. Sticky Cinquefoil.
ALCHEMILLA OCCIDENTALIS Nuttall. Lady’s Mantle.
SANGUISORBA MINOR (Linnaeus) Scopoli. Burnet.
ADENOSTOMA FASCICULATUM Hooker & Arnott. Chamise.
CERCOCARPUS BETULOIDES Nuttall. Hardtack.
RUBUs URSINUS Chamisso & Schlectendal. California Blackberry.

ROSA CALIFORNICA Chamisso & Schlectendal. California Wild Rose.

Rosa GYMNoOCARPA Nuttall. Wood Rose.

PRUNUs DEMISSA (Nuttall) Walpers. Western Chokecherry.
PRUNUS ILICIFOLIA (Nuttall) Walpers. Islay.

OSsMARONIA CERASIFORMIS (Torrey & Gray) Greene. Oso Berry.
PHOTINIA ARBUTIFOLIA (Aiton) Lindley. Toyon.

34. LEGUMINOSAE

THERMOPSIS MACROPHYLLA Hooker & Arnott. False Lupine.

LUPINUS DENSIFLORUS Bentham. Gully Lupine.

Lupinus concINNus Agardh. Bajada Lupine.

LUPINUS SUCCULENTUs Douglas. Arroyo Lupine.

LUPINUS HIRSUTISSIMUS Bentham. Stinging Lupine.

LUPINUS TRUNCATUS Nuttall. Wood Lupine.

LuPINUs NANUS Douglas. Sky Lupine.

LUPINUS MICRANTHUs Douglas. Field Lupine.

LUPINUs BICOLOR Lindley. Dove Lupine.

LuPINUs FORMOSUs Greene vat. BRIDGEsII (Watson) Greene. Lunara
Lupine.

CyTISUS MONSPESSULANUS Linnaeus. French Broom.

210 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY __ [VOL. VII, NO.9

259. MEDICAGO SATIVA Linnaeus. Alfalfa.

260. MEDICAGO HIsPIpA Gaertner. Bur Clover,

261. MEDICAGO HIspIpA Gaertner var. APICULATA (Willdenow) Burnat.

262. MEDICAGO HIsPIpDA Gaertner var. CONFINIS (Koch) Burnat.

263. MELILOTUS ALBUS Desrousseaux. White Melilot.

264. MELILotus INpIcUs (Linnaeus) Allioni. Yellow Melilot.

265. TRIFOLIUM DUBIUM Sibthorp. Shamrock.

266. TRIFOLIUM BIFIDUM Gray. Pinole Clover.

267. TRIFOLIUM GRACILENTUM Torrey & Gray. Pin-point Clover.

268. TRIFOLIUM CILIOLATUM Bentham. Tree Clover.

269. TRIFOLIUM REPENS Linnaeus. White Clover.

270. TRIFOLIUM ALBOPURPUREUM Torrey & Gray. Rancheria Clover.

271. TRIFOLIUM BARBIGERUM Torrey. Colony Clover.

272. TRIFOLIUM MICRODON Hooker & Arnott. Valparaiso Clover.

273. TRIFOLIUM MICROCEPHALUM Pursh. Maiden Clover.

274. TRIFOLIUM WORMSKJOLDII Lehmann. Cow Clover.

275. TRIFOLIUM OLIGANTHUM Steudel. Lanky Clover.

276. TRIFOLIUM VARIEGATUM Nuttall. White-tip Clover.

277. TRIFOLIUM VARIEGATUM Nuttall var. PAUCIFLORUM (Nuttall) McDermott.

278. TRIFOLIUM TRIDENTATUM Lindley. Tomcat Clover.

279. TRIFOLIUM OBTUSIFLORUM Hooker. Creek Clover.

280. TRIFOLIUM AMPLECTENS Torrey & Gray. Bladder Clover.

281. Lorus LEUCOPHAEuUS Greene. Chaparral Lotus.

282. Lotus stricosus (Nuttall) Greene. Bishop Lotus.

283. LoTUs SUBPINNATUS Lagasca. Calf Lotus.

284. LoTUs PURSHIANUs (Bentham) Clements & Clements. Spanish Clover.

285. Lorus MICRANTHUs Bentham. Hill Lotus.

286. Lotus scoparius (Nuttall) Ottley. Deerweed.

287. PSORALEA PHYSODES Douglas. California Tea.

288. PSORALEA MACROSTACHYA De Candolle. Leather Root.

289. PSORALEA ORBICULARIS Lindley. Round-leaved Psoralea.

290. ROBINIA PSEUDO-ACACIA Linnaeus. Black Locust.

291. ASTRAGALUS DOUGLASII (Torrey & Gray) Gray. Dobie Loco.

292. ASTRAGALUS GAMBELLIANUs Sheldon. Little Bill Loco.

293. Vicia SATIVA Linnaeus. Common Vetch.

294. VICIA ANGUSTIFOLIA (Linnaeus) Reichenbach.

295. VicIA EXIGUA Nuttall. California Vetch.

296. VicIA AMERICANA Muhlenberg subsp. OREGANA (Nuttall) Abrams. Ameri-
can Vetch.

297. VICIA AMERICANA Muhlenberg var. LINEARIS (Nuttall) Watson.

298. VicIA VILLOSA Roth. Hairy Vetch.

299. VIcIA DASYCARPA Tenore.

300. LATHYRUS WATSONII White. Buff Pea.

301. LATHYRUS BOLANDERI Watson. Bolander Pea.

302. PIsuM saTIvuM Linnaeus var. ARVENSE (Linnaeus) Poiret.

35. GERANIACEAE
303. GERANIUM DISsEcTUM Linnaeus. Common Geranium.
304. ERODIUM MACROPHYLLUM Hooker & Arnott var. CALIFORNICUM (Greene)
Jepson.
305. Eropium sotrys (Cavanilles) Bertoloni. Prostrate Stork’s-bill.

FEBRUARY, 1955] | PLANTS OF HASTINGS RESERVATION Zhi

306. ERODIUM MOSCHATUM (Linnaeus) L’Héritier de Brutelle. White-stem

Filaree.
307. ERODIUM CICUTARIUM (Linnaeus) L’Héritier de Brutelle. Red-stem

Filaree.
36. ZYGOPHYLLACEAE

308. TRIBULUS TERRESTRIS Linnaeus. Puncture Weed.

37. EUPHORBIACEAE

309. EREMOCARPUS SETIGERUS (Hooker) Bentham. Turkey Mullein.

310. EupHoRBIA SPATHULATA Lamarck. Reticulate-seeded Spurge.

311. EUPHORBIA PEPLUS Linnaeus. Petty Spurge.

312. EUPHORBIA CRENULATA Engelmann. Chinese Caps.

313. EUPHORBIA SERPYLLIFOLIA Persoon var. HIRTULA (Engelmann) L. C.
Wheeler. Pine Spurge.

38. ANACARDIACEAE
314. RHUs DIVERSILOBA Torrey & Gray. Poison Oak.

39. ACERACEAE
315. ACER MACROPHYLLUM Pursh. Big-leaf Maple.

40. HIPPOCASTANACEAE
316. AESCULUS CALIFORNICA (Spach) Nuttall. Buckeye.

41. RHAMNACEAE

317. RHAMNUS CALIFORNICA Eschscholtz var. TOMENTELLA (Bentham) Brewer
& Watson. Coffeeberry.

318. RHAMNUs cCROCEA Nuttall var. mLictroLta (Kellogg) Greene. Hollyleaf
Redberry.

319. CEANOTHUs soREDIATUS Hooker & Arnott. Jimbrush.

320. CEANOTHUS RAMULOsuUs (Greene) McMinn. Coast Ceanothus.

42. MALVACEAE

$21. ABUTILON THEOPHRASTI Medicus. Velvet Leaf.
322. MALVA PARVIFLORA Linnaeus. Cheeseweed.

43. CISTACEAE
323. HELIANTHEMUM SCOPARIUM Nuttall var. VULGARE Jepson. Rush-rose.

44. VIOLACEAE
324. VIOLA PEDUNCULATA Torrey & Gray. Yellow Pansy.

45. LOASACEAE

325. MENTZELIA MICRANTHA (Hooker & Arnott) Torrey & Gray. San Luis Stick-
leaf.

46. DATISCACEAE
326. DATISCA GLOMERATA (Pres!) Baillon. Durango Root.

47. LYTHRACEAE
327. LYTHRUM HyssopiFoLia Linnaeus. Grass Poly.

212 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY __ [VOL. VII, NO.g

328.
329.
330.
331.
332.
333.
334.
335.
336.
557.
338.
339.
340.

areal

342.
343.
344.
545,
346.
347.
348.
349,
350.
351.
352.
353.
354.
S50
356.
357.

358.

359
360
361
362

363
364

48. ONAGRACEAE

ZAUSCHNERIA CALIFORNICA Presl. California Fuchsia.
EPILOBIUM PANICULATUM Nuttall. Summer Cottonweed.
EPILOBIUM FRANCISCANUM Barbey. Coast Cottonweed.
BOISDUVALIA DENSIFLORA (Lindley) Watson. Dense-flowered Boisduvalia.
CLARKIA ELEGANS Douglas. Canyon Clarkia.

GODETIA CYLINDRICA (Jepson) C. L. Hitchcock. Band Godetia.
GODETIA EPILOBIOIDES (Nuttall) Watson. Canyon Godetia.
GODETIA QUADRIVULNERA (Douglas) Spach. Four Spot.
OENOTHERA GRACILIFLORA Hooker & Arnott. Hill Sun-cup.
OENOTHERA CONTORTA Douglas.

OENOTHERA MICRANTHA Hornemann.

OENOTHERA MICRANTHA Hornemann var. JONESII Munz.
OENOTHERA MICRANTHA Hornemann var. IGNOTA Jepson.

49. ARALIACEAE
ARALIA CALIFORNICA Watson. Elk Clover.

50. UMBELLIFERAE

BOWLESIA INCANA Ruiz & Pavon.

SANICULA CRASSICAULIS Poeppig. Gambleweed.

SANICULA BIPINNATIFIDA Douglas. Purple Sanicle.

SANICULA BIPINNATA Hooker & Arnott. Poison Sanicle.

SANICULA TUBEROSA Torrey. Turkey Pea.

APIASTRUM ANGUSTIFOLIUM Nuttall. Mock Parsley.

CAUCALIS MICROCARPA Hooker & Arnott. Western Hedge-parsley.
TorILis NoposA (Linnaeus) Gaertner. Knotted Hedge-parsley.
OsMORHIZA CHILENSIS Hooker & Arnott. Wood Cicely.

OsMORHIZA BRACHYPODA Torrey. California Cicely.

DAUCUS PUSILLUs Michaux. Rattlesnakeweed.

CONIUM MACULATUM Linnaeus. Poison Hemlock.

BERULA ERECTA (Hudson) Coville. Water Parsnip.

‘TAUSCHIA HARTWEGII (Gray) Macbride.

LOMATIUM UTRICULATUM (Nuttall) Coulter & Rose. Bladder Parsnip.
LOMATIUM DASYCARPUM (Torrey & Gray) Coulter & Rose. Lace Parsnip.

51. CORNACEAE
CoRNUS CALIFORNICA C. A. Meyer. Creek Dogwood.

52. ERICACEAE
. ARBUTUS MENZIESII Pursh. Madrono.
. ARCTOSTAPHYLOS GLANDULOSA Eastwood. Eastwood Manzanita.
. ARCTOSTAPHYLOS CRUSTACEA Eastwood.
. ARCTOSTAPHYLOS BRACTEOSA (De Candolle) Abrams.

53. PRIMULACEAE
. ANAGALLIS ARVENSIS Linnaeus. Pimpernel.
. DoDECATHEON CLEVELANDII Greene subsp. SANCTARUM (Greene) Abrams.
Shooting Star.

FEBRUARY, 1955] | PLANTS OF HASTINGS RESERVATION 2138

54. ASCLEPIADACEAE

365. ASCLEPIAS ERIOCARPA Bentham. Indian Milkweed.
366. ASCLEPIAS FASCICULARIS Decaisne. Narrow-leaf Milkweed.

55. CONVOLVULACEAE

367. CONVOLVULUS SUBACAULIS (Hooker & Arnott) Greene. Short-stemmed
Morning-glory.

368. CONVOLVULUS MALACOPHYLLUs Greene subsp. PEDICELLATUs (Jepson)
Abrams. Woolly Morning-glory.

369. CONVOLVULUS ARVENSIS Linnaeus. Bindweed.

370. CUSCUTA CALIFORNICA Choisy. Chaparral Dodder.

371. CuscuTa sUBINCLUSA Durand & Hilgard. Long-flowered Dodder.

56. POLEMONIACEAE

372. COLLOMIA GRANDIFLORA Douglas.

373. PHLOX GRACILIS (Hooker) Greene. Annual Phlox.

374. LINANTHUS PYGMAEUS (Brand) J. T. Howell.

375. LINANTHUS DICHOTOMUs Bentham. Evening Snow.

376. LINANTHUS BIGELOVII (Gray) Greene.

377. LINANTHUs CILIATUs (Bentham) Greene. Bristly-leaved Linanthus.

378. LINANTHUS ANDROSACEUs (Bentham) Greene. Shower Gilia.

379, LINANTHUS ANDROSACEUs (Bentham) Greene subsp. MICRANTHUs (Steudel)
Mason.

380. LINANTHUS BICOLOR (Nuttall) Greene.

381. ERIASTRUM DENSIFOLIUM (Bentham) Mason.

382. ERIASTRUM VIRGATUM (Bentham) Mason. Monterey Gilia.

383. NAVARRETIA MITRACARPA Greene subsp. JAREDII (Eastwood) Mason.

384. NAVARRETIA ATRACTYLOIDES (Bentham) Hooker & Arnott.

385. NAVARRETIA MELLITA Greene.

386. GILIA GILIOWES (Bentham) Greene. Straggling Gilia.

387. GILIA ACHILLEAEFOLIA Bentham.

388. GILIA MULTICAULIS Bentham.

389. GILIA MULTICAULIS Bentham subsp. PEDUNCULARIS (Eastwood) Mason &
Grant.

390. GILIA TENUIFLORA Bentham.

57. HYDROPHYLLACEAE

391. PHOLISTOMA AURITUM (Lindley) Lilja. Fiesta-flower.

392. PHOLISTOMA MEMBRANACEUM (Bentham) Constance. White Fiesta-flower.
393. NEMOPHILA MENZIEsII Hooker & Arnott. Baby Blue-eyes.

394. NEMOPHILIA PEDUNCULATA Douglas. Spreading Nemophila.

395. NEMOPHILIA PARVIFLORA Douglas. Small-flowered Nemophila.

396. NEMOPHILIA PULCHELLA Eastwood var. FREMONTII (Elmer) Constance.
397. PHACELIA RAMOSISSIMA Douglas. Long-branched Phacelia.

398. PHACELIA DISTANS Bentham. Wild Heliotrope.

399. PHACELIA MALVAEFOLIA Chamisso. Stinging Phacelia.

400. PHACELIA CILIATA Bentham. Field Phacelia.

401. PHACELIA STIMULANS Eastwood.

402. PHACELIA DOUGLASII (Bentham) Torrey.

403. PHACELIA BRACHYLOBA (Bentham) Gray. Short-lobed Phacelia.

214

404.
405.
406.

407.

408.
409.
410.
411.
412.
413.
414.
415.
416.
417.
418.
419.
420.

421.
422.

423.

424.
425.
426.

427.

428.
429.
430.
431.
age,
433.
434.
435.
436.
S37.
438.
439.

440.

441.
442.

443.

LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. VII, NO.9

EMMENANTHE PENDULIFLORA Bentham. Whispering Bells.
ERIODICTYON CALIFORNICUM (Hooker & Arnott) Torrey. Yerba Santa.
ERIODICTYON TOMENTOSUM Bentham. Woolly Yerba Santa.

58. BORAGINACEAE

PECTOCARYA PENICILLATA (Hooker & Arnott) A. De Candolle. Winged
Pectocarya.

PECTOCARYA SETOSA Gray. Bristly Pectocarya.

PECTOCARYA PUSILLA (A. De Candolle) Gray. Little Pectocarya.

CYNOGLOSSUM GRANDE Douglas. Western Hound’s Tongue.

ALLOCARYA BRACTEATA Howell.

ALLOCARYA TRACHYCARPA (Gray) Greene.

ECHIDIOCARYA CALIFORNICA Gray.

PLAGIOBOTHRYS NOTHOFULVUs (Gray) Gray. Rusty Plagiobothrys.

PLAGIOBOTHRYS UNCINATUS J. T. Howell.

PLAGIOBOTHRYS CANESCENS Bentham.

PLAGIOBOTHRYS TENELLUs (Nuttall) Gray. Slender Plagiobothrys.

CrYPTANTHA RATTANII Greene.

CrYPTANTHA NEVADENSIS Nelson & Kennedy var. RIGIDA Johnston.

CRYPTANTHA MURICATA (Hooker & Arnott) Nelson & Macbride var. JONESII

(Gray) Johnston.

CRYPTANTHA CLEVELANDI Greene var. FLOROSA Johnston.

CRYPTANTHA MICROSTACHYS Greene.

CrYPTANTHA FLACCIDA (Douglas) Greene. Weak-stemmed Cryptantha.

CRYPTANTHA SPARSIFLORA (Greene) Greene.

AMSINCKIA INTERMEDIA Fischer & Meyer. Common Fiddleneck.

AMSINCKIA RETRORSA Suksdorf. Rigid Fiddleneck.

59. VERBENACEAE

VERBENA LASIOSTACHYS Link. Common Vervain.

60. LABIATAE

TRICHOSTEMA LANCEOLATUM Bentham. Vinegarweed.

TRICHOSTEMA LANATUM Bentham. California Romero.

SCUTELLARIA TUBEROSA Bentham. Skull-cap.

MARRUBIUM VULGARE Linnaeus. Common Horehound.

LAMIUM AMPLEXICAULE Linnaeus. Giraffe Head.

STACHYS BULLATA Bentham. Hedge Nettle.

STACHYS PYCNANTHA Bentham. Coast Stachys.

SALVIA COLUMBARIAE Bentham. Chia.

SALVIA MELLIFERA Greene. Black Sage.

SATUREJA DOUGLASII (Bentham) Briquet. Yerba Buena.

SATUREJA MIMULOIDES (Bentham) Briquet.

MONARDELLA VILLOSA Bentham subsp. SUBSERRATA (Greene) Epling.
Coyote Mint.

MENTHA SPICATA Linnaeus. Spearmint.

61. SOLANACEAE

SOLANUM NODIFLORUM Jacquin. Small-flowered Nightshade.
SOLANUM SARACHOIDES Sendtner. Hairy Nightshade.
SOLANUM UMBELLIFERUM Eschscholtz. Blue Witch.

FEBRUARY, 1 955] PLANTS OF HASTINGS RESERVATION

444,
445.
446.

447.
448.
449,
450.
451.
452.
453.
454.
455.
456.

457.
458.
459.
460.
461.
462.
463.
464.
465.
466.
467.
468.
469.
470.
471.
472.
473.
474.
475.
476.
477.

478.
479.
480.
481.
482.

483.

484.
485.

486.

DATURA METELOIDES De Candolle. Tolguacha.
DATURA STRAMONIUM Linnaeus. Stramonium.
NICOTIANA BIGELOVII (Torrey) Watson. Indian Tobacco.

62. SCROPHULARIACEAE

MIMULUs FLORIBUNDUS Douglas.

MIMULUs NASUTUs Greene.

MIMULUs GUTTATUs Fischer. Common Monkey-flower.
MIMULUS RATTANII Gray.

MIMULUs CONGDONII Robinson.

MIMULUs DouGLAsSII (Bentham) Gray. Purple Mouse-ears.
MIMULUS FREMONTII (Bentham) Gray.

MIMULUs BOLANDERI Gray. Tobacco Mimulus.

ral

DIPLAcus AURANTIACUs (Curtis) Jepson. Northern Sticky Monkey-flower.
DIPLACus FASCICULATUs (Pennell) McMinn. Santa Lucia Sticky Monkey-

flower.
PENSTEMON CENTRANTHIFOLIUs Bentham. Scarlet Bugler.
PENSTEMON HETEROPHYLLUS Lindley. Chaparral Penstemon.
PENSTEMON BREVIFLORUS Lindley. Bush Beard-tongue.

SCROPIIULARIA CALIFORNICA Chamisso & Schlectendal. California Figwort.

COLLINSIA HETEROPHYLLA Buist. Chinese Houses.
COLLINSIA SOLITARIA Kellogg. Few-flowered Collinsia.
COLLINSIA CHILDII Parry:

LINARIA TEXANA Scheele. Toad Flax.

ANTIRRHINUM MULTIFLORUM Pennell. Sticky Snapdragon.
ANTIRRHINUM HOOKERIANUM Millspaugh. Lax Snapdragon.
VERONICA PEREGRINA Linnaeus. Purslane Speedwell.
VERONICA PERSICA Poiret. Winter Speedwell.

VERONICA ANAGALLIS-AQUATICA Linnaeus. Water Speedwell.
PEDICULARIS DENSIFLORA Bentham. Indian Warrior.
ORTHOCARPUS DENSIFLORUS Bentham. Owl’s Clover.
ORTHOCARPUS PURPURASCENS Bentham. Escobita.
ORTHOCARPUS ATTENUATUs Gray. Valley Tassels.
ORTHOCARPUS PUSILLUS Bentham. Dwarf Orthocarpus.
CASTILLEJA DOUGLASII Bentham. Indian Paint-brush.
CASTILLEJA FOLIOLOSA Hooker & Arnott. Woolly Painted Cup.
CorDYLANTHUs RIcIDUs (Bentham) Jepson. Bird’s-beak.

63. OROBANCHACEAE

OROBANCHE GRAYANA G. Beck. Stout Broom-rape.
OROBANCHE GRAYANA G. Beck var. JEPSONII Munz.
OROBANCHE BULBOSA G. Beck.

OROBANCHE UNIFLORA Linnaeus. Naked Broom-rape.
OROBANCHE FASCICULATA Nuttall. Clustered Broom-rape.

64. PLANTAGINACEAE

PLANTAGO MAJOR Linnaeus. Common Plantain.
PLANTAGO LANCEOLATA Linnaeus. Ribwort.
PLANTAGO INDICA Linnaeus.

PLANTAGO ERECTA Morris.

216 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY ___[VOL. VII, NO.9

65. RUBIACEAE

487. GALIUM APARINE Linnaeus. Goose Grass.

488. GALIUM NUTTALLII Gray. Nuttall Bedstraw.

489. GALIUM CALIFORNICUM Hooker & Arnott. California Bedstraw.
490. GALIUM ANGUSTIFOLIUM Nuttall. Chaparral Bedstraw.

66. CAPRIFOLIACEAE

491. SAMBUCUS COERULEA Rafinesque. Blue Elderberry.

492. SYMPHORICARPOS RIVULARIS Suksdorf. Snowberry.

493. SYMPHORICARPOS MOLLIS Nuttall. Spreading Snowberry.
494. LONICERA INTERRUPTA Bentham. Chaparral Honeysuckle.

67. VALERIANACEAE

495. PLECTRITIS SAMOLIFOLIA (De Candolle) Hoeck var. InvoLUTA (Suksdorf)
Dyal.

496. PLECTRITIS MACROCERA Torrey & Gray var. MAMILLATA (Suksdorf) Dyal.

497. PLECTRITIS CILIOSA (Greene) Jepson var. DAVYANA (Jepson) Dyal.

498. PLECTRITIS MAGNA (Greene) Suksdorf.

499. PLECTRITIS MACROPTERA (Suksdorf) Rydberg var. PATELLIFORMIS (Suks-
dorf) Dyal.

68. CUCURBITACEAE
500. MARAH FABACEUs (Naudin) Dunn. Common Manroot.

69. CAMPANULACEAE

501. GITHOPSIS SPECULARIOIDES Nuttall. Bluecup.
502. SPECULARIA BIFLORA (Ruiz & Pavon) Fischer & Meyer. Venus Looking-
glass.
70. LOBELIACEAE

503. NEMACLADUS RAMOSISSIMUS Nuttall.

71. COMPOSITAE

504. BRICKELLIA CALIFORNICA (Torrey & Gray) Gray. California Brickellbush.

505. CHRYSOPSIS VILLOSA (Pursh) Nuttall var. ECHIOIDEsS (Bentham) Gray.
Hairy Golden Aster.

506. SOLIDAGO CALIFORNICA Nuttall. Common Golden Rod.

507. HAZARDIA SQUARROSA (Hooker & Arnott) Greene. Sawtooth Goldenbush.

508. PENTACHAETA EXILIS Gray.

509. PENTACHAETA ALSINOIDEs Greene.

510. LessINGIA GERMANORUM Chamisso var. TENUIPES J. T. Howell.

511. CORETHROGYNE FILAGINIFOLIA (Hooker & Arnott) Nuttall. Cudweed Aster.

512. ASTER RADULINUS Gray. Broad-leaf Aster.

513. ERIGERON FOLIOsUs Nuttall.

514. ERIGERON CANADENSIS Linnaeus. Horseweed.

515. ERIGERON CRISPUS Pourret.

516. ERIGERON PHILADELPHICUs Linnaeus. Skevish.

517. BACCHARIS DOUGLAsII De Candolle. Douglas Baccharis.

518. BACCHARIS VIMINEA De Candolle. Mule Fat.

519. BACCHARIS PILULARIS De Candolle var. CONSANGUINEA (De Candolle)
Kuntze. Coyote Brush.

520. FILAGO CALIFORNICA Nuttall. California Cotton Rose.

FEBRUARY, 1955] | PLANTS OF HASTINGS RESERVATION pt

bal.
522.
BaD.

524.
525.
526.
527.
528.
529.
530.
531.
582.
533.
534.
535.
536.
537.
538.
539.
540.
541.
542.
543.
544.
545.
546.
547.
548.
549.
550.
551.
552.

553.
554.
Boo:
556.
557.
558.

559
560
561
562
563
564
565

FILAGO GALLIcA (Linnaeus) Linnaeus.

EVAX SPARSIFLORA (Gray) Jepson. Dwarf Evax.

MICROPUS CALIFORNICUs Fischer & Meyer. Slender Cottonweed.

MIcROPUS CALIFORNICUS Fischer & Meyer XX PSILOCARPHUS TENELLUS
Nuttall.

STYLOCLINE GNAPHALIOIDES Nuttall.

PsILOCARPHUS TENELLUs Nuttall. Slender Woolly-heads.

PsILOCARPHUS TENELLUs Nuttall var. TENUIS (Eastwood) Cronquist.

GNAPHALIUM PALUSTRE Nuttall. Lowland Cudweed.

GNAPHALIUM RAMOSISSIMUM Nuttall. Pink Everlasting.

GNAPHALIUM MICROCEPHALUM Nuttall.

GNAPHALIUM BENEOLENS Davidson.

GNAPHALIUM CHILENSE Sprengel. Cotton-batting Plant.

GNAPHALIUM LUTEO-ALBUM Linnaeus.

GNAPHALIUM CALIFORNICUM De Candolle. California Everlasting.

GNAPHALIUM PURPUREUM Linnaeus. Purple Cudweed.

XANTHIUM SPINOSUM Linnaeus. Spiny Clotbur.

WYETHIA HELENIOWDES Nuttall. Woolly Mule-ears.

HEMIZONIA LOBBII Greene.

HEMIZONIA CORYMBOSA (De Candolle) Torrey & Gray. Coast Tarweed.

CALYCADENIA TRUNCATA De Candolle. Rosinweed.

MADIA MADIOIDEs (Nuttall) Greene. Woodland Madia.

MADIA ELEGANS Don. Common Madia.

MapIA SATIVA Molina. Chile Tarweed.

MADIA GRACILIs (Smith) Keck. Gumweed.

MaDIA ExIGUA (Smith) Greene. Little Tarweed.

LAYIA PLATYGLOSSA (Fischer & Meyer) Gray var. BREVISETA Gray.

LAYIA HIERACIOIDES (De Candolle) Hooker & Arnott.

LAGOPHYLLA RAMOSISSIMA Nuttall. Slender Rabbit-leaf.

ACHYRACHAENA MOLLIS Schauer. Blow-wives.

BAERIA CHRYSOSTOMA Fischer & Meyer. Gold-fields.

MonotopriA Major De Candolle. Large-flowered Monolopia.

ERIOPHYLLUM CONFERTIFLORUM (De Candolle) Gray. Golden-yarrow.

ERIOPHYLLUM CONFERTIFLORUM (De Candolle) Gray var. LAXIFLORUM
Gray.

RIGIOPAPPUS LEPTOCLADUs Gray. Bristle-head.

CHAENACTIS GLABRIUSCULA De Candolle.

HELENIUM PUBERULUM De Candolle. Rosilla.

ANTHEMIS COTULA Linnaeus. Mayweed.

ACHILLEA LANULOSA Nuttall. Common Yarrow.

MATRICARIA MATRICARIOIDES (Lessing) Porter. Pineappleweed.

. SOLIVA DAUCIFOLIA Nuttall.

. ARTEMISIA CALIFORNICA Lessing. California Sagebrush.

. ARTEMISIA DRACUNCULOIDES Pursh. Dragon Sagewort.

. ARTEMISIA DOUGLASIANA Besser. California Mugwort.

. SENECIO BREWERI Davy.

. SENECIO VULGARIS Linnaeus. Common Groundsel.

. CIRSIUM VULGARE (Savi) Tenore. Bull Thistle.

566. CirstUM QUERCETORUM (Gray) Jepson. Brownie Thistle.
567. CrrsIUM COULTERI Harvey & Gray. Western Thistle.

218 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY __ [VOL. VII, NO.g

568. SILYBUM MARIANUM (Linnaeus) Gaertner. Milk Thistle.
569. CENTAUREA MELITENSIS Linnaeus. Napa Thistle.

570. MICROSERIS APHANTOCARPHA (Gray) Gray.

571. MICROSERIS DOUGLASII (De Candolle) Gray. Silver Puffs.
572. UROPAPPUS LINDLEYI (De Candolle) Nuttall.

573. UROPAPPUS LINEARIFOLIUS (De Candolle) Nuttall.

574. HyPocHOERIs GLABRA Linnaeus. Smooth Cat’s-ear.

575. STEPHANOMERIA VIRGATA Bentham. Tall Stephanomeria.
576. RAFINESQUIA CALIFORNICA Nuttall.

577. MALACOTHRIX CLEVELANDII Gray.

578. MALACOTHRIX FLOCCIFERA (De Candolle) Blake.

579. TARAXACUM OFFICINALE Weber. Dandelion.

580. SONCHUS OLERACEUS Linnaeus. Common Sow-thistle.
581. SONCHUs AsPER (Linnaeus) Hill. Prickly Sow-thistle.

582. LACTUCA SERRIOLA Linnaeus. Prickly Lettuce.

583. AGOSERIS GRANDIFLORA (Nuttall) Greene.
584. AGOSERIS RETRORSA (Bentham) Greene.
585. AGOSERIS HETEROPHYLLA (Nuttall) Greene var. CALIFORNICA (Nuttall)

Jepson.

586. HIERACIUM ARGUTUM Nuttall var. PARISH (Gray) Jepson.

Aceraceae 211
Amaranthaceae 207
Anacardiaceae 211
Araliaceae 212
Asclepiadaceae 213
Berberidaceae 208
Betulaceae 206
Boraginaceae 214
Campanulaceae 216
Caprifoliaceae 216
Caryophyllaceae 207
Chenopodiaceae 207
Cistaceae 211
Compositae 216
Convolvulaceae 213
Cornaceae 212
Crassulaceae 209
Cruciferae 208
Cucurbitaceae 216
Cyperaceae 205
Datiscaceae 211
Equisetaceae 203
Ericaceae 212
Euphorbiaceae 211

INDEX TO FAMILIES

Fagaceae 206
Geraniaceae 210
Gramineae 203
Hippocastanaceae 211
Hydrophyllaceae 213
Iridaceae 205
Juglandaceae 206
Juncaceae 205
Labiatae 214
Lauraceae 208
Leguminosae 209
Lemnaceae 205
Liliaceae 205
Loasaceae 211 .
Lobeliaceae 216
Loranthaceae 206
Lythraceae 211
Malvaceae 211
Onagraceae 212
Orchidaceae 206
Orobanchaceae 215
Papaveraceae 208
Pinaceae 203
Plantaginaceae 215

Platanaceae 209
Polemoniaceae 213
Polygonaceae 206
Polypodiaceae 203
Portulacaceae 207
Primulaceae 212
Ranunculaceae 207
Rhamnaceae 211
Rosaceae 209
Rubiaceae 216
Salicaceae 206
Salviniaceae 203
Saxifragaceae 209
Scrophulariaceae 215
Selaginellaceae 203
Solanaceae 214
Typhaceae 203
Umbelliferae 212
Urticaceae 206
Valerianaceae 216
Verbenaceae 214
Violaceae 211
Zygophyllaceae 211

FEBRUARY,1955] | SCRIBNERIA IN CALIFORNIA 219

SCRIBNERIA IN CALIFORNIA

BY BEECHER CRAMPTON

University of California, Davis

Scribneria Bolanderi (Thurb.) Hack., the only species, is na-
tive to the Pacific Coast, ranging from Washington south
through Oregon and into California. Relative to California,
floras ascribe to this plant a rare or limited occurrence on sandy
or sterile ground. The numerous collections of Scribneria in
northern California herbaria, as well as the author’s experience
in the collection of this grass, necessitate revision of this concept.
One hundred two different California collections were examined
in the following herbaria: Agronomy Herbarium, University
of California, Davis, 23; California Academy of Sciences, 41;
University of California, Berkeley, 30; and Dudley Herbarium,
Stanford: University, 8.

Summarily, the distribution is as follows: 100 to 9000 feet
elevation, the habitat variable; Siskiyou and Modoc counties,
south through the Sierra Nevada to Tulare County, through
the Great Valley to Fresno County, and through the Coast
Ranges to San Luis Obispo County. No plants seen were col-
lected in Trinity or Del Norte counties or south of San Luis
Obispo County. The author has repeatedly found the grass in
the Sacramento Valley and North Coast Ranges, and J. T.
Howell and P. H. Raven similarly in the Sierra Nevada.

The grass is remarkable for its diversity of habitat. High mon-
tane collections indicate the plant as growing in seepages on or
adjacent to granitic rocks or slopes. Collections from the forested
middle elevations indicate habitats more variable, such as lava
flats, ridges, openings in conifer forest, roadside sand or gravel,
and rock crevices. At the lower elevations the grass grows on
rocky slopes, in serpentine and other soils at the edge of or in
clearings of chaparral, in decomposed rock and rubble which
may be volcanic or otherwise, on edges of mineral springs, in
roadside gravels, and in vernal pools. In the Great Valley, Scrib-
neria is found in depressions or on edges of vernal pools, in
moist swales of rolling plains, and often in beds of dry creeks.

The spikes do not disintegrate readily and often persist long
after maturity, allowing recognizable identity from spring to
late in the year. Hence, the grass is not of short duration, even
though relatively inconspicuous in habit. It must be conceded
the plant is not at all rare and enjoys a wide distribution of nu-
merous habitats in California.

220 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY __ [VOL. VII, NO.g

Variations from the description of Scribneria have been seen
in some collections of the grass. Normally, a single or several
slender culms are produced terminating in narrow, attenuate
spikes. Some variation occurs by renewed growth, probably
from changing moisture conditions, which produces a dense tuft-
ing at the base with the development of numerous short spikes.

The number of spikelets is also quite variable, from one at a
node in small plants to as many as three or even four at a node
in robust plants. Very commonly at the base of the spike there
are two spikelets at a node, one sessile, the other pedicelled or
subsessile, while above the singular condition prevails. Two of
the author’s collections (Crampton 1116, 1442) have commonly
3 or 4 spikelets at a node (1 sessile, 1 subsessile, and 1 or 2 pedi-
celled) on lower part of the spikes, decreasing to two spikelets
at a node and finally to a singular condition at the apex. On
shorter culms the basal portion of the spike is often included
within the leaf-sheaths with consequent development of cleisto-
gamous spikelets.

A NEW VARIETY OF STIPA LEMMONI

BY BEECHER CRAMPTON
University of California, Davis

Stipa Lemmoni (Vasey) Scribn. var. pubescens Crampton, var. nov.
Speciei similis sed foliis (et laminis et vaginis) pubescentibus.

Similar to the species but the blades and sheaths entirely pubescent.

CALIFORNIA: serpentine slopes in chaparral, Whitlock Camp-
Round Mountain area west of Paskenta, Tehama County, ele-
vation about 4000 feet, June 16, 1954, Crampton 2000 (type,
Agronomy Herbarium, University of California, Davis; isotype,
United States National Herbarium). WaAsHINGTON: on dry
ground in open forest at Bingen, May 27 and June 14, 1916,
Wilhelm Suksdorf 8661 (University of California, Berkeley;
Dudley Herbarium, Stanford University; California Academy of
Sciences; U. S. National Herbarium).

The dense, short pubescence on the sheaths and both surfaces
of the blades readily identifies this variety. The only two known
localities are cited above. Suksdorf gave a manuscript name to
his Bingen collection but did not publish it.

The type locality represents a transition from chaparral to
ponderosa pine forest. To the west of the type region in the
ponderosa pine forest typical S. Lemmoni is abundant above
4500 feet elevation.

FEBRUARY, 1955 | MIMULUS FROM NEVADA 221

A NEW SPECIES AND NEW VARIETY OF
MIMULUS FROM NEVADA

BY GABRIEL EDWIN
Beltsville, Maryland

Mimulus washoensis Edwin, spec. nov. Annuus; caulis erectus, glanduloso-
pubescens; folia sessilia, lanceolata, lanceolato-linearia, elliptica vel ali-
quando obovata, usque ad 1.8 cm. longa, 3-6 (8) mm. lata; pedicelli 2-4 mm.
longi; calyx ovatus vel campanulatus, 0.8—1.1 cm. longus, nervis maturitate
rubris dentibusque ciliatis, lobis subaequalibus raro aequalibus; corollae
tubus usque ad 2.5 cm. longus, flavus sicco brunnescens purpureo-maculatus;
antherae exsertae margine superiore ciliatae; stigmatis lobi aequilongi,
fimbriati; placentae per totam longitudinem dehiscentes; semina ellipsoidea.

Annual; stem upright, unbranched, up to 10 cm. high, glandular-pubes-
cent; leaves lanceolate, lance-linear, or elliptic, occasionally obovate, sessile,
entire or nearly so, up to 1.8 cm. long, 3-6 (8) mm. wide, ciliate; pedicels
shorter than the subtending leaves, 2-4 mm. long, pubescent or glandular-
pubescent; calyx 0.8-1.1 cm. long, filled by the capsule (but not expanded),
ovate to somewhat campanulate, pubescent, veins red at maturity, the teeth
2-3 mm. long, acute, ciliate, subequal or rarely equal; corolla up to 2.5 cm.
long, withering in place, tube well exserted, yellow, drying brown, with 2
densely hairy ridges inside, lobes broadly expanding, equal or almost so,
yellow, dotted and striped with purple; upper pair of stamens exserted, only
a little shorter than the style, filaments crossing at apex, anthers with a row
of cilia along the upper margins, filaments glabrous; style pubescent with
white hairs over most of its length, stigma-lips ovate, fimbriate, equal;
capsule little exceeding the calyx at maturity, lance-ovate, dehiscent along
the inner suture, placentae splitting their entire length, adhering to the
valves; seeds numerous, smooth, shiny, ellipsoid, apiculate at one or both
ends.

‘Type: P. A. Lehanbauer 1906, Pyramid Road, Washoe Coun-
ty, Nevada, May 29, 1925 (University of Nevada Herbarium
No. 15640).

Belonging to the subgenus Schizoplacus Grant, section Eu-
nanus Gray, this species is most closely related to Mimulus
coccineus Congd. and M. stamineus Grant. It differs from the
former by its sessile leaves, exserted stamens, subequal calyx-
teeth, shorter corolla-tube in relation to the calyx, and in cap-
sule shape; from the latter in the shape of the corolla-lobes and
capsule, and in the less exserted stamens with retrorse hairs at
the base of the longer filaments; from both in the larger flowers
with longer calyx and corolla, ciliate calyx-teeth, flower color
(yellow as opposed to mostly reddish-purple), anthers with a
row of cilia across the margin, longer pedicels, and shape of the
seeds.

222 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY __ [VOL. VII, NO.g

Mimulus spissus Grant var. lincolnensis Edwin, nov. var. Differt a forma
typica foliis lanceolato-ovatis vel ellipticis saepissime brevissime petiolatis,
dentibus calycis brevioribus, et lobis stigmatis aequalibus eciliatis.

Differing from typical M. spissus Grant through the lance-ovate or ellip-
tical, mostly very short-petioled leaves, smaller, equal calyx-teeth, and
eciliate stigma-lobes.

Type: H. D. Ripley & R. C. Barneby 3472, on rocky slopes of
both igneous and calcareous formations, Hiko, Lincoln Coun-
ty, Nevada, May 19, 1941; the purple- and yellow-flowered forms
growing together but the latter form more abundant (Califor-
nia Academy of Sciences Herbarium No. 318315).

National Arboretum Herbarium
U. S. Department of Agriculture
Beltsville, Maryland

THE OTIS MANNA-GRASS

BY C. LEO HITCHCOCK
University of Washington, Seattle

When A. S. Hitchcock (Am. Jour. Bot. 21: 128,—1934) de-
scribed Glyceria Otisii he ventured the opinion that it was allied
to G. elata (Nash) Hitchc., but stated that it differed therefrom
“in the broader oblong spikelets, with, on the average, more
florets, the broader glumes and lemmas, especially at the sum-
mit, the very scabrous lemmas, and the prominent hyaline mi-
nutely ciliate erose-dentate tip contrasting with the purple zone
below, the other part of the lemma being green.” The type,
T. C. Otis 1548, was collected “in a small creek near mile 15 on
trail to Hoh, Jefferson County, Washington, alt. 100 meters,
July 10, 1927.”

In the Manual of Grasses of the United States (p. 92,—1935),
it was treated merely as “resembling G. elata; spikelets broader,
oblong, with on the average more florets, the glumes broader;
lemmas broader, especially at the summit, very scabrous, the
prominent hyaline tip contrasting with the purple zone just
below, the lower part of the lemma green.”

The type-collection of G. Otisii in the University of Washing-
ton Herbarium is much more similar to G. pauciflora Presl,
having, in common with that plant such important character-
istics as open sheaths, broad erose lemmas that are scabrous or
scaberulous and with a narrow purplish zone below the hyaline
tip, and number of flowers in each spikelet. Hitchcock’s empha-

FEBRUARY, 1955 | OTIS MANNA-GRASS 223

sis upon the large number of florets, ‘on the average more
florets’ than G. elata, a species which he described as having 6
to 8, seems to have been an error as the illustration of G. Otisiz
in the Grass Manual and our isotype have about 6. However,
the Otis collection has lemmas with 7 nerves of comparatively
equal prominence, whereas the lemmas of G. pauciflora are
usually more accurately described as 5-nerved, since the marginal
pair generally are less prominent than the other five. ‘The rela-
tionship of these two taxa was well emphasized by Church (Am.
Jour. Bot. 36: 163,—1949) when he transferred G. Otisiz to the
new genus Torreyochloa [type-species, T. pauciflora (Presl)
Church] as T. Otisiz (Hitchc.) Church.

It is my impression that several botanists have tried, unsuc-
cessfully, to recollect G. Otisii, although I find in the University
of Washington Herbarium only two collections of Glyceria
from the western part of the Olympic Peninsula, aside from
Otis’s plant.

One of my former students, Mrs. Elizabeth Fletcher Barlowe,
mentioned to me a number of years ago that her father, Mr.
Fred Fletcher, had known Mr. Otis and knew the spot where
he collected the type of G. Otzsiz, but it was not until the summer
of 1953 that I was able to avail myself of the opportunity to be
taken to the locality. The type-station is about 1 mile west of
the highway bridge over the Hoh River, on the north side of
the stream, along a small brook. Mr. Fletcher told me that Otis
camped at this particular place, then generally known as “Mile
15,” for several days while engaged on one of his engineering
projects, and had said that he collected the grass in camp.

A Glyceria was found growing along this stream at the old
campsite (Hitchcock 19891), although the plants were greatly
shaded by the characteristic rank vegetation of the Hoh area.
A more lush form of the grass was found on an exposed bank
about 200 feet to the east of this spot (Hitchcock 19893), and it
was also collected about 12 miles south of Queets (Hitchcock
19885). None of the plants of my collections has as prominent
marginal nerves on the lemmas as do those of the type-collec-
tion of G. Otisiiz, and on this basis only, would be referable
by means of Church’s key (op. cit. 164) to Glyceria (or Torrey-
ochloa) pauciflora, rather than to G. (Torreyochloa) Otisii.

However, in view of the great variation in the degree of
prominence of the marginal nerves of the lemma in G. pauci-
flora, it is doubtful whether G. Otisii should be maintained, on

224 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. VII, NO.9

this character alone, at the specific level. Since it seems fairly
certain that the plant (or plants) from which the species was
described is not representative of a population now in exist-
ence, or in all probability in existence in 1927, I consider G.
Otisii A. S. Hitchcock to be synonymous with G. pauciflora
Presi.

A New ComBINATION IN FREMONTODENDRON. The taxon orig-
inally described as Fremontia crassifolia Eastw. occurs in the
Santa Cruz Mountains of central California. The Subcommittee
for Phanerogamae of the International Association for Plant
Taxonomy by a vote of 6 to 5 recently rejected the conservation
of Fremontia Torr. over F'remontodendron Cov. (Taxon 3:118,—
1954). Fremontia had previously been listed among nomina con-
servanda proposita in the 1950 International Code of Botanical
Nomenclature (Regnum Vegetabile 3:119,—1952). I am working
on a flora of the Santa Cruz Mountains and am therefore mak-
ing the following necessary new combination.

Fremontodendron californicum (Torr.) Cov. ssp. crassifolium
(Eastw.) J. H. Thomas, comb. nov. Fremontia crassifolia Eastw.,
Leafl. West. Bot. 1:139,140 (1934). Fremontia californica Torr.
ssp. crassifolia (Eastw.) Abrams, II]. Fl. Pac. States 3:114 (1951).
—Joun H. Tuomas, Dudley Herbarium, Stanford University,
Stanford, California.

THE Type OF ASTRAGALUS OOPHORUS VAR. LONCHOCALYX BAR-
NEBY. Because a wrong line replacement was made in correcting
proofs; citation of the type of this variety was only partly given
when it was recently described (Leafl. West. Bot. 7: 194,—1954).
Data pertaining to the type should read:

NeEvapDA: Fay, 3 miles east of Deer Lodge, Lincoln Co., alt.
6600 ft., April 24, 1939, Percy Train 2630; type in Herb. Na-
tional Arboretum.

The rest of the paragraph is correct as it was published.—J. T.
HOWELL.

+72

Vot. VII No. 10

LEAFLETS
of
WESTERN BOTANY

CONTENTS
PAGE
Susan G. Stokes, the Eriogonum Lady . . . . . 225
Joun THomas HowELL
Chromosome Numbers in the Genus Eriogonum . . 228
SusAN G. STOKES AND G. LEDYARD STEBBINS
The Genus Acanthogonum, Tribe Eriogoneae . . . 234
GEORGE J. GOODMAN
Eriogonum Notes IV: a New Species from California . 237
Joun THomMAs HowELL
Malvastrum, A. Gray —a Redefinition of the Genus . 238

THOMAS H. KEARNEY

A Tentative Key to the North American Species of
Acbrititon Wales ie eee ee A OT Taek aC a ae
THOMAS H. KEARNEY

A New Subspecies and New Combinationsin Lupinus . 254
Davin B. DUNN

SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA
\ APRIL 29, 1955

LEAFLETS
of
WESTERN BOTANY

Cited as

LEAFL. WEsT. Bor.

Owned and published by

JouNn THomMAs HOWELL

APRIL, 1955] SUSAN G. STOKES 225

SUSAN G. STOKES, THE ERIOGONUM LADY

BY JOHN THOMAS HOWELL

The polygonaceous genus Eriogonum, so widespread and
prevalent in the western United States, is one of those groups
with special interest for students of plant distribution and flor-
istics, particularly in the more arid or desert regions where its
species are so numerous. Involved relationships between species
and between variants within species attract students interested
in evolutionary processes, while the response of the variants to
differing environmental factors furnishes a fertile field for eco-
logical investigation. Moreover, eriogonums usually have a defi-
nite esthetic attraction: whether the plant spreads flowery mats
over coastal dune or montane scree, lifts filmy crowns in open
forest or treeless steppe, waves slender wands above summer-
dried slope or serpentine barren, or nestles tight and cushion-
like on alpine summit or desert mesa, eriogonums have charm,
esoteric at times it is true, but almost always they are attractive.
It was to this outstanding group of western wild flowers that
Susan G. Stokes, as a student of Prof. William Russel Dudley at
Stanford University in the 1890's, gave her attention — then and
for the rest of her life.

I first met Miss Stokes in August, 1929, when she came to the
California Academy of Sciences to call on Miss Eastwood, her
former teacher in the Denver High School, and to examine speci-
mens of Eriogonum in the herbarium. Immediately we became
good friends through our mutual interest in this group of plants,
her interest going back more than three decades to her studies
under Prof. Dudley, my interest dating back only a couple of
years to field excursions in southern California deserts while I
was at the Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden and at the Univer-
sity of California in Los Angeles. When I learned how long she

These papers that relate to Miss Stokes and to the plants she preferred
are offered by their authors as a small tribute of affection and respect. I have
been happy to use the sum she bequeathed me in defraying the cost of their
publication.—J. T. Howe.

Leaflets of Western Botany, Vol. VII, pp. 225-256, April 29, 1955.

226 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. VII, NO. 10

had studied in this genus — that she had even gone to Paris and
Kew to perfect her knowledge and that she had in manuscript a
complete revision — I quickly brought out my problems, for
what student in the taxonomy of Eriogonum does not have his
own particular problems in most any part of the genus? And so
what might have been only a slight or passing acquaintance de-
veloped into a lasting friendship that not only encouraged my
incipient interest in the genus but also promoted that interest
through the years. Seven years later, with my editorial help and
cooperation, she privately published her manuscript under the
title, “The Genus Eriogonum, a Preliminary Study Based on
Geographic Distribution.”

Miss Stokes respected the opinions of botanical workers in
her genus, but she was influenced, I believe, definitely and finally
by the taxonomic ultra-conservatism of Katharine Brandegee,
who for many years was her friend and adviser in San Diego.
Miss Stokes shows this influence in the aggregation of few or
many variants into broad complex species. She knew, however,
her plants too well, both in the herbarium and in the field, to
leave the variants in these complexes without names, and to
name them she employed a form of nomenclature that at times
seems awkward and unwieldy. Instances of relatively simple
variation were treated in the usual manner, just as varieties or
subspecies; but in more involved or complex species she used
polynomials of four, and occasionally even of five, parts. She was
convinced that such complexes were the result of climatic
changes and consequent geographic migration of eriogonums in
the later Tertiary, and her nomenclature was, at least in part, an
attempt to convey that conviction into taxonomy. No field of
natural science was ignored if it would furnish data pertaining
to her thesis — so she explored not only various aspects of mor-
phology but also genetics and physiology, as well as climatology,
geography, and geology. Sometimes one feels that her taxonomy
is based more on geophysical responses than on comparative
morphology. In his review of Miss Stokes’ revision, ‘T. A. Sprague
wrote: ‘‘Miss Stokes’ little book is the result of many years study,
and represents a courageous attempt to treat a large genus as an
assemblage of living plants in their relationship with the en-
vironment, rather than as a series of bare morphological con-
cepts” (Kew Bulletin 444, 1936).

APRIL, 1955] SUSAN G. STOKES rap |

Susan Gabriella Stokes was born in Lawrence, Kansas, Febru-
ary 27, 1868. While she was still a young girl, her family moved
to Denver, Colorado, and there she attended the public schools,
graduating from the Denver High School in 1884. Two years
later in 1886 her family moved to San Diego, California, where
she spent most of the rest of her life. She entered Stanford Uni-
versity one year after it opened and graduated in 1896. She later
obtained her master’s degree from the same institution and was
honored with membership in Phi Beta Kappa. From 1914 to
1936, Miss Stokes was an instructor in science in the San Diego
High School, where she was respected by faculty and students
alike and was affectionately called “the eriogonum lady.” In
1928 she was granted leave for a year, which was spent in study
in Paris, London, Boston, New York, and Washington. She re-
tired from her teaching position in 1936 and for more than a
decade thereafter she made her home either at Stanford or Ber-
keley, pursuing the study of her favorite plants. Failing in
health, she returned in 1950 to southern California and San
Diego, where she died March 21, 1954.

The soothsayer in the second scene of “Anthony and Cleo-
patra” confesses that “in nature’s infinite book of secrecy a little
can I read.” Those of us who knew Susan G. Stokes know that
she, too, had read a little in that same book (and modestly she
would have admitted the same), but we know too that the con-
suming ambition of her life was to read ever more and more.

THE WRITINGS OF SUSAN G. STOKES

A new species of Chorizanthe from Lower California. Zoe 5: 60 (1900).

A new species of Eriogonum. Leafl. West. Bot. 1: 23 (1932).

New western eriogonums. I. Leafl. West. Bot. 1: 29-30 (1932); II. 1: 34-36
(1933).

The genus Eriogonum, a preliminary study based on geographic distribution.
Pages 1-124 (+ 8). J. H. Neblett Pressroom, San Francisco, California.
June 1, 1936.

Further studies in Eriogonum [all published in LEAFLETS OF WESTERN Bor-
ANY]. I. 2: 45-48 (1937); II. 2: 52-53 (1937); III. 2: 72 (1938); IV. 3: 15-18
(1941); V. 3: 200-202 (1943).

Chromosome numbers in the genus Eriogonum (with G. Ledyard Stebbins).

Leafl. West. Bot. 7: 228-233 (1955).

228 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. VII, NO. 10

CHROMOSOME NUMBERS IN THE GENUS
ERIOGONUM

BY SUSAN G. STOKES AND G. LEDYARD STEBBINS

INTRODUCTION

During the years 1939 and 1940, Miss Stokes grew cultures of
various species of Eriogonum in the greenhouse of the Depart-
ment of Genetics, University of California, Berkeley, and with
the aid of Mr. Ernest Jund made preparations of their root tips
for a study of the somatic chromosomes. Since the number of
species studied was relatively small, and she had hope of study-
ing more, she did not attempt to publish the counts. Now, how-
ever, this publication seems worth while, since it points out
some very interesting cytogenetic problems in the genus. The
junior author has therefore undertaken to organize her notes,
finish her drawings, and present the data in as complete a form
as possible. Unfortunately, Miss Stokes did not leave any data
on the particular specimens or collections from which she ob-
tained the seeds of most of the species. Since, however, all of
the seeds were obtained from wild sources, and since the deter-
mination of their identity was made by her, the species names
can be considered correct.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

Root tips of the species listed were obtained from plants grow-
ing in pots, and were fixed in Randolph’s craf solution. They
were then dehydrated in a butyl alcohol series, embedded in
paraffin, sectioned, and stained in gentian violet according to
the technique employed in the work on Cichorieae (Babcock,
Stebbins, and Jenkins, 1937). Drawings were made with a camera
lucida, and are reproduced at a magnification of 1700x.

RESULTS
The somatic chromosome numbers are as follows:
Species 2n no. Species 2n no.
E. virgatum Benth. 18 E. crocatum Davidson 40
“E. adsurgens Stokes”* 22 E. fasciculatum Benth. 40, 80
E. gracile Benth. 22 E. latifolium Sm. 40
E. vimineum Dougl. 2 E.nudum Dougl. 40, 80
E. dasyanthemum T. & G. 24 E.indictum Jepson 80
E. elongatum Benth. 34 E. ovalifolium Nutt. 40
E. Wrightii Torr. 34 E. parvifolium Sm. 40
E. marifolium T.& G. 32 E. Parishii Wats. 40

* This name has been published only as a synonym of E. truncatum var. adsurgens Jepson
(Fl. Calif. 1:414). The plant concerned in the present chromosome count is undoubtedly the
one Miss Stokes treated in her revision as E. vimineum subsp. adsurgens (Gen. Eriog. p. 52).
I believe that this plant is a relative of E. gracile Benth. and different from the type of
Jenacns variety. I have in manuscript an account of this nomenclatural confusion.—J. T.

owell.

APRIL, 1955] CHROMOSOME NUMBERS IN ERIOGONUM 229

With the exception of E. Parishii, of the subgenus Ganysma,
and E. marifolium, of the subgenus Euertogonum, all of the
species listed belong to the subgenus Oregonium. They are all
native to California.

P
ZL~ INV,
AW. Vw ve Py)
St, We A vA WAU Ky, t
GiKY 55 / ened or
BS ype oat
et Dp ee 7 snl

Figures 1 to 7. Chromosomes of Eriogonum, drawn from somatic metaphase
plates of root tips; magnification, x 1700. Figure 1, E. virgatum, Fresno
County, 2n—18. Figure 2, E. gracile, San Diego County, 2n—=22. Figure 3,
E. vimineum, 2n=24. Figure 4, E. marifolium, Donner Summit, Placer
County, 2n—32. Figure 5, E. elongatum, Bradley, Monterey County, 2n=34.
Figure 6, E. grande, from Santa Cruz Island via Santa Barbara Botanical
Garden, 2n—40. Figure 7, E. nudum, Berkeley, 2n—=80.

The chromosomes of the different species differ from each
other considerably in size. ‘The largest chromosomes are found in
E. virgatum (fig. 1), the smallest in those having 2n = 40 or 80
as the somatic number (figs. 6-7); while the species with 2n = 22,
24, 32, and 34 have chromosomes intermediate in size. In most
of the preparations, the position of the centromeres was difficult
to determine for many of the chromosomes, but the majority of
the chromosomes have median or submedian centromeres. A
pair of satellited chromosomes was seen in E. virgatum and some
other species, but these in general were hard to detect. In some
species, such as E. marifolium, the largest and smallest chromo-
somes differ greatly from each other in size.

Two species, E. fasciculatum and E. nudum, contain polyploid
races within the species as ordinarily recognized by taxonomists.

230 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. VII, NO. 10

The situation in E. fasciculatum has already been discussed by
the junior author (Stebbins, 1942). The localities from which ac-
tual counts have been obtained follow. 2n = 40: La Jolla, San
Diego County, T. W. Whitaker; Descanso, San Diego County,
Churchill; Kern River Park, Kern County, A. A. Beetle; Corral
Hollow, west of Tracy, Alameda County, G. L. Stebbins. 2n =
80: Ridge Route, south of Gorman, Los Angeles County, G. L.
Stebbins 2985; Buellton, Santa Barbara County, G. L. Stebbins;
Santa Ana Wash, Orange County, Churchill. Of the collections
with 2n = 40, those from San Diego County belong to subsp.
fasciculatum, those from Kern and Alameda counties to subsp.
polifolium. The three collections with 2n=80 belong to
subsp. foliolosum. The distribution and relationships of these
three subspecies are discussed and mapped by Stebbins (1942).
In this complex, the pollen and stomata of the forms with 80
chromosomes are significantly larger than those of the 40-chro-
mosome forms. The morphological and distributional evidence
points to the probability that subsp. foliolosum has arisen from
hybrids between subsp. fasciculatum and subsp. polifolium,
through doubling the chromosome number.

In the complex of E. nudum, octoploids are much less fre-
quent than in E. fasciculatum, judging from measurements of
stomata and pollen. The somatic number 2n = 40 was counted
in the following collections: E. latifolium, Presidio, San Fran-
cisco, S. G. Stokes; E. grande, cultivated in Santa Barbara Botan-
ical Garden, seed source, Santa Cruz Island; EF. nudum, Antioch,
Contra Costa County, G. L. Stebbins 3050; Corral Hollow, Ala-
meda County, G. L. Stebbins in 1940; Garberville, Humboldt
County, G. L. Stebbins 3120; Lake Tahoe, S. G. Stokes. The
number 2n = 80 was counted in the following: E. indictum, San
Ardo, Monterey County, G. L. Stebbins; Atascadero, San Luis
Obispo County, G. L. Stebbins; E. nudum var. auriculatum,
Berkeley, G. L. Stebbins; Hecker Pass, Santa Cruz County, S. G.
Stokes.

In the specimens of the 40-chromosome types, the length of the
guard cells of the stomata ranges from 25 to 30 micra, while the
pollen grains are 36-44 micra in length. On the other hand, the
guard cells of the forms with 2n = 80 are 30-40 micra long, while
their pollen grains are 58-66 micra in length. Measurement of
guard cells, pollen grains, or both in a series of 87 specimens of

APRIL, 1955] CHROMOSOME NUMBERS IN ERIOGONUM 231

the E. nudum complex in the University of California Herbari-
um gave the following results. Stomata and pollen grain similar
to those of the collections known to have 40 chromosomes were
found in 83 specimens, from the following counties: Del Norte,
Humboldt, Trinity, Siskiyou, Modoc, Mendocino, Sonoma,
Napa, Marin, Contra Costa, Alameda, San Francisco, San Mateo,
Santa Cruz, Monterey, San Benito, Butte, Nevada, Mono, Inyo,
Tuolumne, Merced, Fresno, Tulare, Kern, Ventura, Riverside.
Types suspected of having 80 chromosomes are the following:
Mt. Hamilton, Santa Clara County, S. G. Stokes; Jolon, Mon-
terey County, G. L. Stebbins; Greenhorn Range, Kern County,
Hall & Babcock 5087; New Idria, San Benito County, Brewer.

With the exception of the last two specimens, the known or
suspected octoploids are confined to two regions, the upper Sa-
linas Valley and the hills to the east and south of San Francisco
Bay. The octoploid of the Berkeley Hills appears to be the only
type found in that area, judging from external morphology and
from approximate counts made on additional specimens from
the east side of these hills, in Contra Costa County. It is distin-
guished from the tetraploids of the surrounding region, such
as those from Corral Hollow, Antioch, and Tiburon, by its
thick, heavy leaves with cordate bases, its thick, little-branched
stems, its large, many-flowered involucres, and its large flowers.
In many respects it is intermediate between typical E. nudum
and E. latifolium.

DISCUSSION

Although the number of species studied is only a small frac-
tion of the approximately 150 known species of Eriogonum, it is
enough to give some idea of the chromosomal changes which
have taken place during the evolution of the genus. The somatic
number found most frequently, and the only one known in two
different subgenera, is 2n = 40. This is taken to be a tetraploid
derivative from the original basic gametic number x = 10. Dip-
loid species with 2n = 20 have not yet been found, but there is
every reason to believe that they exist. The strongest evidence
for this is the existence within the complex of E. vimineum of
species with 2n = 18 (E. virgatum), 2n = 22 (E. gracile, “E. ad-
surgens”), and 2n = 24 (E. vimineum, E. dasyanthemum). It is
hard to see how the numbers 18 and 22 could exist in the same
group without the intermediate number 20.

232 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. VII, NO. 10

The only basic number found in both of the other two large
genera of Polygonaceae, Polygonum and Rumex, is x = 10 (Ja-
retzky, 1928). Combined with the evidence presented in this pa-
per, this suggests that x = 10 is also the original basic haploid
number in Eriogonum. Aneuploid lowering of the basic number
to x = 9 and x = 8 appears to have taken place more than once
in the evolution of the genus. The number 2n = 18 in E. vwir-
gatum is best explained on this basis, while the number 2n = 34
in the related species E. Wrightii and E. elongatum appears like
the result of amphidiploidy from hybridization between species
having the somatic numbers 2n = 18 and 2n = 16. The somatic
number 2n = 32, found in E. marifolium, appears like a tetra-
ploid derivative from diploids with 2n = 16. Aneuploid increase
in the chromosome number has probably occurred in the E.
vimineum complex.

If this interpretation of the evolution of chromosome numbers
in Eriogonum is borne out by further cytological studies, then
we must conclude that polyploidy has played a predominant
role in the evolution of the modern species. Since most natural
polyploids which have been carefully studied are known to be at
least partly of hybrid origin (Stebbins, 1950), this means that the
evolutionary “tree” of Eriogonum must be highly reticulate,
with many of its species and species groups being of ancient
hybrid origin. This condition would serve to explain to a large
degree why the species of Eriogonum are difficult taxonomically,
and further cytological studies as well as artificial hybridization
should help to clear up some of the difficulties.

In this connection we must mention the fact that, unfortunate-
ly, Eriogonum is not particularly favorable cytogenetic material.
Many of the species are relatively easy to grow in the greenhouse
or garden, but others, particularly the perennials from desert re-
gions, are very difficult. The chromosomes are not large, but
they are not exceptionally small, and in paraffin sections of root
tips are reasonably easy to count. On the other hand, meiosis is
particularly difficult to study, because of the very small size of
the buds and particularly the anthers at the stage of meiosis.
Interspecific hybridizations have not yet been attempted, but
they would probably be difficult, if emasculation were necessary.
The very small flowers on delicate pedicels do not lend them-
selves to manipulation, and for each act of emasculation only

APRIL, 1955] CHROMOSOME NUMBERS IN ERIOGONUM 233

one seed could be expected. Whether any of the species are self
incompatible is not known; if they are, then the genetic work in
the genus would be much simplified.

On the other hand, to a cytogeneticist with the courage and
patience to tackle such a genus, Ertogonum would prove very
rewarding. Its species are one of the most characteristic features
of the western American scene and contain many fascinating
problems in ecology and plant distribution. As has been empha-
sized elsewhere (Stebbins, 1942, 1950), polyploid complexes can
provide most valuable evidence concerning the history of floras,
if the relationships between the ancestral diploids and the de-
rived polyploids can be unravelled. The small amount of cyto-
logic work already done on Eriogonum shows that this genus is
no exception to the general rule, and further exploration of its
cytogenetic intricacies should shed much new light on the his-
tory of the western North American flora.

SUMMARY
Somatic chromosome counts in 16 species of Eriogonum are
reported. The original basic haploid number for the genus is
believed to be x = 10, and the most common somatic number,
2n = 40, is considered to be derived by polyploidy. The reduc-
tion of the basic number to x = 9 and x = 8 is postulated, with
some species being polyploid or amphidiploid derivatives from
these basic numbers. In other species groups, the basic number
has apparently increased to x = 1] and x = 12. Polyploidy has
been dominant in the evolution of the genus, and in its most
recent phase has involved the development of polyploid com-
plexes within the species groups of E. fasciculatum and E. nu-
dum, both of which contain some forms with 2n = 40 and other
forms with 2n = 80.
LITERATURE CITED
Bascock, E. B., G. L. STEBBINS, AND J. A. JENKINS, 1937. Chromosomes and
phylogeny in some genera of the Crepidinae. Cytologia, Fujii Jubil. Vol.
188-210.
JaAReETzky, R. 1928. Histologische und karyologische Studien an Polygonaceen.
Jahrb. f. Wiss. Bot. 69: 357-490.
STEBBINS, G. L. 1942. Polyploid complexes in relation to ecology and the his-
tory of floras. Amer. Nat. 76: 36-45.
StesBins, G. L. 1950. Variation and Evolution in Plants. 643 pp. New York,
Columbia University Press.
Department of Genetics,
University of California, Davis

234 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. VII, NO. 10

THE GENUS ACANTHOGONUM, TRIBE
ERIOGONEAE

BY GEORGE J. GOODMAN

University of Oklahoma, Norman

When Torrey described the polygonaceous genus Acantho-
gonum in 1857, he included a single species, A. rigidum, also
new. In 1858 he commented on better material that he had re-
ceived from Fort Yuma, and also described ‘“Acanthogonum?
corrugatum (n. sp.),” remarking that this latter species seemed
to be “almost intermediate between Acanthogonum and Chori-
zanthe.” ‘Twelve years later, in a revision of the Eriogoneae,
Torrey and Gray considered Acanthogonum a section of Chori-
zanthe, transferring the two species and describing two new spe-
cies in the section, C. polygonoides and C. Watsont. Practically
no authors except Rydberg, in Flora of the Rocky Mountains
and Adjacent Plains, and the present writer, in 1934, have since
recognized Acanthogonum.

Chorizanthe corrugata, C. Watsoni, and the related C. Orcut-
tiana Parry were considered by Goodman, in a revision of Chori-
zanthe, 1934, to be closely related species in the subsection
Chorizanthella. They are unusual in the genus in having the
stamens attached high on the perianth-tube and in having short
styles. They nevertheless seem best treated as Chorizanthe, par-
ticularly in view of the straight, linear cotyledons.

The other two species, Acanthogonum rigidum and A. poly-
gonoides, however, differ sufficiently from Chorizanthe—even
from the aberrant species mentioned above—to appear still to
constitute a separate genus. The most important differentiating
character, in the opinion of the writer, lies in the nature of the
embryo. In this segregated genus, the cotyledons are circular and
accumbent, in contrast to the linear and straight cotyledons
which characterize Chorizanthe. The insertion of the stamens
at the base of the short perianth-lobes and the frequent occur-
rence in A. rigidum of more than one flower in an involucre fur-
ther differentiate the genus. The significance of the characters
upon which Acanthogonum is maintained can be judged more
readily when an overall view of the tribe Eriogoneae is presented
and hence a fuller discussion is not wholly justified here.

APRIL, 1955] ACANTHOGONUM 2350

Acanthogonum Torr., in Pac. R. R. Rept. 4: 132-133 (1857).

Annual, pubescent, non-glandular desert plants; stems dichotomously
branched; bracts opposite; involucres sessile, the tube triangular in cross-
section and with transverse corrugations; flowers 1-4, short-pedicellate, hairy
on the outside, perianth lobed or cleft, the (usually) 6 segments similar;
stamens 9 or fewer, attached at the base of the perianth-lobes, included, fila-
ments short, anthers orbicular or nearly so; achene trigonous above, oval to
circular below, styles 3, short and straight, stigmas capitate; embryo with
accumbent, circular cotyledons.

Type species: Acanthogonum rigidum Torr.

KEY TO THE SPECIES

Involucres with straight spines and more than 3 longitudinal ribs; alternate

BEE MRiy PESIVCS TSTESOINE code Lee acne. ee x Saco wba ee ee eee 1. A. rigidum
Involucres with uncinate spines and with but 3 longitudinal ribs (these at the
angles); alternate stem leaves absent................ 2. A. polygonoides

1. ACANTHOGONUM RIGIDUM Torr., Pac. R. R. Rept. 4: 133 (1857); Torr.,
Pac. R. R. Rept. 5: 363 (1858); Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. Surv. 177 (1859);
Rydb., Fl. Rocky Mts. 229 (1918) and ed. 2 (1923); Goodman, Ann. Mo. Bot.
Gard. 21: 91 (1934).

Chorizanthe rigida (Torr.) T. & G., Proc. Amer. Acad. 8: 198 (1870), and
most subsequent authors.

Upright or spreading plants with short-villous stems; leaves alternate,
petiolate (the petioles often longer than the blades), blades ovate to elliptic
or oblanceolate, tomentose beneath, sparsely villous above; bracts opposite,
spinescent, often long; the involucres sessile in the axils of the bracts and
leaves, often forming glomerules covering the stem to its base; involucral tube
2-2.5 mm. long, pubescent, several ribbed, teeth 3, tipped with straight
spines, one tooth usually longer than the others, often greatly so and exceed-
ing 1 cm.; flowers 1-4, yellow, barely exserted, up to 1.5 mm. long, tube
cylindric and covered with appressed hairs, lobes lanceolate, a third as long
as the tube; achene 2.25 mm. long.

When more than one flower is present in an involucre, all or all but one
are staminate. These staminate flowers are smaller than the perfect and on
longer pedicels.

Type: “On Williams’ river, a fork of the Colorado, western New Mexico,”
(Arizona), Dr. J. M. Bigelow, 1854.

Number of collections seen: 123. Of these 49 came from three California
counties, Inyo, San Bernardino, and Riverside.

Time of flowering: primarily March, April, and May.

Distribution. UNiTep States. CALIFORNIA: Imperial, Inyo, Kern, Riverside,
San Bernardino, and San Diego counties. NevapA: Clark, Esmeralda, Lincoln,
Mineral, Nye, probably Washoe, and Pershing or Churchill counties. Art-
ZONA: Maricopa, Mojave, Pima, Pinal, and Yuma counties. Utau: Washing-
ton County.

Mexico: Baja California, Sonora.

2. ACANTHOGONUM POLYGONOWDES (T. & G.) Goodman, Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard.
21: 91 (1934).

236 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. VII, NO. 10

Chorizanthe polygonoides T. & G., Proc. Amer. Acad. 8: 197 (1870), and
most subsequent authors.

Prostrate plants with spreading pubescent stems; leaves basal, petiolate,
narrow-oblanceolate to broad-elliptic, scantily pilose; bracts opposite, the
lower stalked and resembling the leaves, broad-elliptic, spreading pilose,
becoming narrower higher on the plant; involucres in alternating clusters on
the main stems or solitary in the lower forks, about 5 mm. long, the tube
2-2.5 mm. long, the 3 main teeth uncinate, and usually with 2 or 3 small
uncinate spines arising from between the main teeth; flowers solitary, barely
exserted, up to 2.5 mm. long, lobes 6 or 5, a third as long as the tube, often
minutely emarginate; stamens usually 6.

The species consists of two varieties, coinciding well (perhaps completely)
with their distinct geographic areas.

2a. A. POLYGONOIDES Var. POLYGONOIDES.

Chorizanthe polygonoides T. & G., loc. cit.

Type: “ ‘Reservoir Hill,’ Placerville (El Dorado Co.), California,” Volney
Rattan.

Number of collections seen from the northern part of the range of the
species: 31. Most of these have been examined as to variety and found to be
the typical variety.

Time of flowering: primarily May and June.

Distribution. CALIFoRNIA: Butte, Calaveras, Eldorado, Lake, Marin, Modoc,
Napa, Nevada, Plumas, and Sacramento counties. :

2b. A. polygonoides var. longispinum Goodman, var. nov. A varietate
typica differt: plantae gracilliores, involucris minoribus glabratioribusque et
dentibus ac spinis longioribus.

This southern variety is more slender, the involucres are smaller, more
glabrate, and with nearly straight sides. The involucral teeth are longer,
when compared to the tube or to the actual length of the teeth in the nor-
thern variety, and the spine portion is longer.

Type: San Diego, California, April 25, 1903, Brandegee 3412 (UC). Isotypes
at CAS, DS, MO, NY, POM.

Number of collections seen from the southern part of the range of the
species: 24. Of these, 12 have been examined with a view to ascertaining
their variety. Some were from San Diego County, California, and some from
Baja California. Two specimens from western Riverside County, California,
have not been reéxamined, so the record, as to variety, from there is not final.

Time of flowering: primarily April and May.

Distribution. Unrrep STATES. CALIFORNIA: Riverside and San Diego coun-
ties.

Mexico: Baja California.

Specimens cited. CaLiFoRNIA. San Diego Co.: Cuyamaca Lake, alt. 4700 ft.,
June 25, 1903, Abrams 3890 (DS, MO, NY, US); Point Loma, April 25, 1897,
K. Brandegee (UC); San Diego, April, 1903, K. Brandegee (DS, UC, US); Point
Loma, April 28, 1905, K. Brandegee (UC); San Diego, Brandegee 3412 (type);
San Diego, May 4, 1884, D. Cleveland (MO, UC); San Diego, April, 1903,
H. M. Hall (UC); Point Loma, April 21, 1884, C. R. Orcutt (MO, NY, UG, US);
Mesa, May.8, 1884, C. R. Orcutt (MO).

Mexico. BAJA CALIForNIA: dry stony slope, 45 miles southeast of Tecate,
May 14, 1925, P. A. Munz 9603 (POM, UC, US); San Antonio, April 6, 1886,
C. R. Orcutt (NY); (essentially the same data as the Munz collection from
Tecate) F. W. Peirson 5857 (RSA, UC).

APRIL, 1955] ERIOGONUM NOTES rae |

ERIOGONUM NOTES IV: A NEW SPECIES
FROM CALIFORNIA

BY JOHN THOMAS HOWELL

Eriogonum apricum J. T. Howell, spec. nov. Herba perennis radice lignea
elongata caudice compacto pauciramoso, ramis caudicis brevibus rosulas
foliorum ferentibus, infra basibus tomentosis foliorum veterium vestitis,
caules erectos patentesve graciles annuos 2- vel 3-chotomos 8-20 cm. longos
nodis tribracteatis internodis glabris emittentibus supra; foliis basalibus
plerumque parvis brevipetiolatis, rotundo-ovatis, 3-5 (vel 10) mm. et longis
et latis, mature glabratis supra, dense et perseveranter tomentosis subter,
basi cordatis vel rotundatis, obtusis vel acutiusculis apice, petiolis 3-10 (vel
etiam 25) mm. longis, bracteis caulium annuorum externe glabris tomentosis
interne; involucris solitariis sessilibus plerumque terminalibus, raro spicatis,
cylindraceis vel campanulatis, 2-2.5 mm. longis, 5-lobulato-costatis circa ad
medium, truncate scarioso-membranaceis inter costas, glabris externe, sparse
tomentellis secundum costas interne, membrana tomentello-ciliata, bracteolis
plumosis, aliquando paulum exsertis; perianthiis 2 mm. longis, segmentis
oblongis obtusis similibus, albis cum costa rubida vel rubescentibus, externe
glabris, sparse longo-pilosis infra medium interne, perianthiis in fructu
paulum accrescentibus circa 3 mm. longis basi subinduratis costis paulum
crassiusculis; staminibus breviter exsertis, filamentis basi minute pilosis;
ovario glabris; acheniis 2.5 mm. longis, rostro crasso cellularibus, basi sub-
globosa nitentibus laevibusque.

Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 391439, collected from an
exposed declivity of red and white clay in the foothills of the
Sierra Nevada near Ione, about 2 miles north-northeast of Buena
Vista, altitude about 300 feet, Amador County, California, Sept.
5, 1954, J. T. Howell 30033. Other collections made in 1954 at
the same station by the author are: No. 29793 on May 18 (in bud)
and No. 30000 on June 8 (in early anthesis). A fungus on the
dead annual stems has been identified by Dr. Lee Bonar as Coni-
othyrium Eriogoni Earle.

This distinguished accession to Ertogonum in California,
which was discovered while I was searching the Ione hills for
Arctostaphylos Helleri Eastw., is nearly restricted to a steep out-
crop of red and white clay where nothing else grows. On a brown-
colored bed that underlaid the red and white beds at the base of
the slope, a few individuals of the Eriogonum persisted, but
other plants, chiefly Juncus confusus Cov. and Arctostaphylos
myrtifolia Parry, were more common. Eriogonum apricum was
not found on other outcrops of the red and white clay that I
explored, but it is to be expected elsewhere in a similar habitat
in the hills near Ione. These peculiar clays belong to the Ione

238 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. VII, NO. 10

formation, a geologic series of Eocene age of interrupted occur-
rence in the Sierran foothills (The Ione Formation of California
by Victor T. Allen, Univ. Calif. Publ. Geol. Sci. 18:347-448,
1929). On this formation around Ione, E. apricum will take its
place with such other restricted Sierran endemics as Potentilla
Parryi (Greene) Greene, Helianthemum suffrutescens Schreiber,
and Arctostaphylos myrtifolia Parry.

In spite of the perennial character of the plant, E. apricum ap-
pears to be most closely related to those annuals of which E.
vimineum Dougl. is the type. Because E. apricum is perennial, it
might be inferred that it has been derived from some perennial
stock found in the Great Basin (such as that which perhaps gave
rise to E. Batemani Jones), but the strong resemblance of the
Ione plant, not only in general appearance but also in charac-
ters of inflorescence and flowers, to such relatives of E. vimineum
as E. Nortoni Greene and E. viminium var. caninum Greene is
to me an indication of real affinity.

MALVASTRUM, A. GRAY—A RE-DEFINITION
OF THE GENUS

BY THOMAS H. KEARNEY

This genus was published by Gray, in 1849 (Plantae Fendleri-
anae, Mem. Amer. Acad. Sci. ser. 2, 4:21,22). From the first, it
has been a perplexing aggregate. The author enumerated 8
species, of which the first 3 have since been transferred to Sphae-
ralcea, St. Hil., the fourth to Malacothamnus, Greene, and the
last to Sidopsis, Rydb. The remaining 3 species, listed by Gray
under sect. Chrysanthae (Malva sect. Chrysanthae DC., Prodr.
1:430) are M. Wrightii A. Gray, now referred to M. aurantiacum
(Scheele) Walp., M. carpinifolium A. Gray, and M. spicatum
(L.) A. Gray, now referred to M. americanum (L.) Torr.

Practically the only characters which these 8 species have in
common are the triphyllous involucel (often absent in M. coc-
cineum), the capitate stigmas, and the solitary, ascending ovule.
It is no wonder, therefore, that Gray’s brief description of the
genus fails to define it. The confusion is shown by the fact that
Bentham & Hooker (Gen. PI. 1:197) placed Malvastrum in tribe
Malveae subtribe Eumalveae (subtribe Malvinae of Schumann

APRIL, 1955 | MALVASTRUM, A. GRAY 239

in Die Natiirlich. Pflanzenfam. 63:36, 41), although the other
genera which these authors referred to this subtribe have slen-
der, introrsely stigmatic styles rather than capitate stigmas.

It would appear, from Gray’s comments (ibid.), that he re-
garded his first 4 species as more typical than the 3 species he
listed under section Chrysanthae. He wrote “If the yellow-flow-
ered species, with a somewhat different habit and usually a mani-
fest persistent involucre, which form the second section (the
Chrysanthae DC. etc.) are correctly referred to this genus, it will
comprise a large number of species from tropical and South
America, which need an elaborate revision.”

Since the name Malvastrum has been conserved (Intl. Rules
Bot. Nomenclature, ed. 3, 102,—1935) and since the first 3 species
of Gray’s list have been transferred subsequently to Sphaeralcea
—M. Munroanum by Gray himself—and the fourth to Malaco-
thamnus, as M. Fremontii (Torr. ex Gray) Greene, it is obvious
that a re-definition of the genus is required. As I would define
it, the genus comprises only perennial, often somewhat woody
species of tropical and subtropical America having a persistent,
triphyllous involucel, yellow corollas, and nearly indehiscent,
dorsally smooth, laterally smooth or rugose carpels. The chromo-
some number has been determined by Skovsted (Journ. Genetics
31:263) as (n) 12 in M. americanum (M. spicatum), M. coroman-
delianum, and M. scoparium, and by Krapovickas as (2n) 12 in
M. spiciflorum, 24 in M. amblyphyllum, and 36 in M. inter-
ruptum. A tentative list of the species of this relationship has
been given me by Ingr. A. Krapovickas. They are:

. AMBLYPHYLLUM R. E. Fries

. AMERICANUM (L.) Torr. M. spicatum (L.) A. Gray

AURANTIACUM (Scheele) Walp. M. Wrightii A. Gray

BICUSPIDATUM (S. Wats.) Rose

CORCHORIFOLIUM (Desr.) Britton ex Small. M. Rugelii S. Wats.

COROMANDELIANUM (L.) Garcke. M. tricuspidatum (Ait.) A. Gray

. GUATEMALENSE Standl. & Steyerm.

. INTERRUPTUM K. Schum.

. LACTEUM (Ait.) Garcke. M. vitifoliwm (Cav.) Hemsl.

M. scopariuM (L’Heér.) A. Gray. M. scabrum (Cav.) A. Gray, and, perhaps
M. depressum (Benth.) Svenson, M. dimorphum J. T. Howell, and M.
scoparioides Ulbr.

M. sPICIFLORUM (Hassler) Krapov.

M. SUBTRIFLORUM (Lag.) Hemsl. M. ribifolium (Schlecht.) Hemsl., M. mexi-
canum (Schauer) Hemsl., M. Schaffneri S. Wats., M. Greenmanianum
Rose.

Sf eee ae ee

240 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. VII, NO. 10

I proposed, in 1947 (Leafl. West. Bot. 5:23,24) Malvastrum
coromandelianum (L.) Garcke as a lectotype for the genus, as
thus restricted, citing M. carpinifolium A. Gray as a synonym.
Unfortunately, Gray in publishing M. carpinifolium (P1. Fendl.
p- 22) gave several synonyms, of which the first two are Sida car-
pinifolia L. f. and S. planicaulis Cav. These are true Sida, lack-
ing an involucel and having a pendulous ovule. They are re-
lated to, if not identical with, S$. acuta Burm. But Gray cited
also Malva tricuspidata Ait., which is undoubtedly Malvastrum
coromandelianum, and it is clear from Gray’s description of his
M. carpinifolium that this was the plant he had in mind. Three
years later, in Plantae Wrightianae (1:16), Gray recognized his
mistake and published the combination Malvastrum tricuspi-
datum (Ait.) A. Gray, giving as a synonym “M. carpinifolium A.
Gray (excl. syn. Sida carpinifolia and S. planicaulis).” In view of
these facts, it would seem permissible to retain M. coromandeli-
anum [M. tricuspidatum (Ait.) A. Gray] as the lectotype of the
genus Malvastrum as I would re-define it. This is by far the most
abundant and widely distributed species, now well established in
the eastern hemisphere, although doubtless of American origin.

Many species, formerly included in Malvastrum, have been
transferred to other genera — Eremalche, Malacothamnus, Mon-
teiroa, Sidopsis, Sphaeralcea, Tarasa, and Urocarpidium. Many
others, which do not conform to the definition proposed above
of the restricted genus Malvastrum, remain to be disposed of. In
an earlier paper (Amer. Mid]. Nat. 46:119—121), I discussed 4
groups, regarded as atypical: Peruvianae, Eremalche, Acaules,
and the South African species that have been included in Mal-
vastrum.

The group of which M. peruvianum (L.) A. Gray is typical
comprises herbaceous species, mainly South American, having
usually circinate inflorescences and mauve or purple corollas.
The chromosome number (7) as determined by Skovsted (ibid.)
in M. peruvianum and M. limense (L.) J. Ball is 15, as compared
with 6 to 18 in what I regard as true Malvastrum. This group of
species has been transferred recently by Krapovickas to the
hitherto monotypic genus Urocarpidium Ulbr.

Eremalche, Greene, now appears to me to be a valid genus,
comprising 4 species of annual plants of the southwestern United
States, with solitary or geminate axillary flowers, purple or whit-

APRIL, 1955 | MALVASTRUM, A. GRAY 241

ish corollas, and round, muticous carpels that open irregularly
at maturity by disintegration of the lateral walls.

The numerous acaulescent species of high elevations in the
Andes, including those which A. W. Hill monographed in 1909
(Jour. Linnaean Soc. London, Bot. 39:216—230) are certainly to
be excluded from Malvastrum, as I would define that genus.
Hill stated (ibid., p. 216) that this is “possibly not a very natural
group since they [the species] probably represent the high alpine
forms of this large genus [Malvastrum] and may perhaps be more
closely related to some caulescent forms — living or extinct —
than they are to each other.” It would seem that one or more new
genera will have to be erected to provide for these plants, but
much further study is needed before they can be disposed of
satisfactorily. The comparative rarity of specimens with mature
fruit enhances the difficulty.

Malvastrum humile (Gill.) A. Gray has been transferred by
Krapovickas to the genus Tarasa (Bol. Soc. Argent. Bot. 5:117)
and M. decipiens (St. Hil. & Naud.) K. Schum. (M. nudum K.
Schum.?) is a Sphaeralcea according to the same authority (Lilloa
17:216).

The two dozen or so South African species hitherto referred
to Malvastrum offer an additional problem. They are mostly
shrubby or suffrutescent plants with red or purple corollas and
indehiscent or only slightly dehiscent carpels. Skovsted (ibid.)
determined the number of chromosomes (n) in M. capense (L.)
Garcke as 22 and in M. grossulariaefolium (Cav.) Garcke as 21.
Here again a new genus seems to be indicated but, so far as I
know, none has been proposed.

Finally, it appears that some other disposition must be found
for a few aberrant species that have been described as Malvas-
trum, such as M. palustre Ekman and M. Sandemanii Sandwith.

A TENTATIVE KEY TO THE NORTH
AMERICAN SPECIES OF ABUTILON, MILLER

BY THOMAS H. KEARNEY

This is an artificial key to Abutilon and juxtaposition of
species does not necessarily indicate close relationship. When-
ever possible, the characterizations have been based upon her-

242 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. VII, NO. 10

barium specimens and (or) photographs of types, but in several
cases published descriptions have been the only available source
of information. The segregate genera Bakeridesia Hochr. and
Bogenhardia Reichenb. (Gayoides Small) are not included.
North America is interpreted as including the West Indies and
the Republic of Panama.

A South American species, Abutilon megapotamicum
(Spreng.) St. Hil. & Naud. is often cultivated as an ornamental
in North America and may occasionally escape. It is easily rec
ognized by its inflated, commonly red or brown, tubular calyx.

The genus is a very difficult one and much further investiga-
tion will be required to solve all of the problems. Note 1.

1. Carpels normally 5 (but sometimes 6 in A. ellipticum and A. incanum),
pauciovulate except possibly in A. Marshii (2). Note 2

1. Carpels (except sometimes in A. Picardae and perhaps occasionally in A.
umbellatum and A. Wrightii) more than 5 (14).

2. Petals 20 mm. long and about 14 as wide. Herbage whitish-velutinous
with stellate hairs; leaves broadly ovate, deeply cordate, acuminate,
coarsely dentate; flowers in a small, terminal subcorymbose cluster;
calyx about 9 mm. long, the lobes ovate-lanceolate, cuspidate; fruit
unknown. Texas (Chisos Mountains)........... ....A. Marshii Standl.

2. Petals not more than 12 mm. long (3).

3. Stems hirsute with very long and fine, spreading, nonglandular, simple
hairs or sometimes (in A. Thurberi), nearly glabrous. Plants herba-
ceous above the caudex; calyx-lobes deltoid; petals yellow; carpels
aristate (4).

3. Stems with few or no such hairs or if softly pilose with rather long, mainly
simple, spreading hairs (in A. percaudatum) then these somewhat
glandular (5).

4. Leaves sharply long-acuminate, rather finely dentate; calyx less than 14
as long as the fruit, stellate-pilose; petals about 5 mm. long; carpel-
awns 1.5 mm. long, rather stout. Guatemala.........-. =. -sessseugee
SA OO EE ie I her i ocr A. orientale Standl. & Steyerm. Note 3

4. Leaves abruptly short-acuminate; calyx more than 14 as long as the fruit,
long-hirsute; petals up to 8 (?) mm. long; carpel-awns 2-3 mm. long,
slender, spreading or recurved, stellate-hirsute. Flowering stems from
creeping rootstocks. Southern Arizona and northern Mexico.........
si aySaicea > eb tying sik ah alera tN SGhE, ONG fate ace aah eee aya Roa tae A. Thurberi Gray

5. Stems obtusely trigonous and deeply sulcate above. Herbage finely stel-
late-tomentose, also more or less glandular-puberulent and (rarely)
with a few, long, simple hairs; leaves long-petiolate, cordate, rather
abruptly long-acuminate, crenate or subentire; flowers in a very open,
leafy panicle; calyx less than 4 as long as the carpels, spreading or
reflexed in fruit; corolla yellow, often with a dark center, the petals

APRIL, 1955 | NORTH AMERICAN ABUTILON Zao

about 5 mm. long; fruit truncate, the carpels often slightly constricted
above the base, mucronate to cuspidate. West Indies, southern Texas,
Mexico, and Central America... .A. trisulcatum (Jacq.) Urban. Note 4

5. Stems terete or, if more or less angulate-sulcate, then the other characters
not combined as above (6).

6. Calyx much longer than the carpels and nearly as long as the corolla.
Leaves long-petiolate, broadly ovate, shallowly cordate, shortly acumi-
nate, finely dentate; flowers laxly paniculate, the peduncle hirsute and
somewhat glandular; carpels about 6 mm. long, muticous, finely to-
RMS NURI G5 Cn. 0 ola co cua oro ctstales 3 la ae A. bastardioides Baker f.

6. Calyx shorter or only slightly longer than the carpels (7).

7. Petals, so far as is known, yellow, orange, or (in A. parvulum) sometimes
crimson, basal spet. An undershrub or nearly herbaceous; leaves mostly
considerably longer than wide, finely to coarsely dentate, usually
gradually long-acuminate; flowers axillary but somewhat congested at
ends of the branches, small, the petals 5-6 mm. long; fruit truncate,
the carpels 7-8 mm. long, muticous or mucronate. Southern Arizona
and northwestern Mexico, including Baja California...............
Bee Ore ih lecg Bee a cto MctLNy Gtae ean tutane bobs e e8. 4 Pe A. Pringlei Hochr. Note 5

7. Petals, so far as is known, yellow, orange, or (in A. parvulum) sometimes
red, usually without a conspicuous basal spot (8).

8. Carpels long-cuspidate or aristate (9).
8. Carpels short-beaked to muticous (11).

9. Stems woody; petioles 2 cm. long or shorter; peduncles spreading; fruit
much surpassing the calyx; carpels with long, spreading awns, stellate-
hirsute, the awns 3-5 mm. long. Leaves green and appressed-pubescent
above with simple hairs, somewhat paler and stellate-pubescent be-
neath, thin, ovate to elliptic-lanceolate, serrate or crenate, sometimes
shallowly trilobate; flowers few, in open, terminal panicles; corolla
orange-yellow. Southern Mexico....... A. ellipticum Schlecht. Note 6

9. Stems (except possibly in A. coahuilae) herbaceous throughout; petioles
mostly much more than | cm. long; peduncles erect or ascending; car-
pels with shorter, suberect awns. Leaves concolorous or nearly so (10).

10. Leaves thin, green, glabrescent, truncate or obscurely cordate at base,
coarsely crenate-dentate, the petioles slender; flowers few, mostly in
small loose clusters on axillary branchlets; petals about 10 mm. long;
carpels stellate-hirsute. Mexico (Tepic and perhaps in Jalisco).......
RL GUE VE Sve S tar a cestacnk ial atcnel Rene Weird eadidcninsias A. membranaceum Baker f.

10. Leaves thickish, whitish and minutely stellate-tomentose on both surfaces,
subcordate at base, sharply serrate, the petioles stout; flowers numer-
ous in an elongate, leafy, narrow panicle; carpels stellate-tomentose.
Micxred: (Caer lamntlaa) cos. diiie lpn 8 poe 348 owt o/atitts Bie A. coahuilae Kearney

11. Stems copiously soft-pilose with rather long, somewhat glandular hairs;
petals 10-12 mm. long. Plants herbaceous or nearly so; leaves thin,
nearly concolorous, up to 10 cm. long, about 14 as to nearly as wide

ot4 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. VII, NO. 10

as long, rather deeply cordate, caudate-acuminate at apex; carpels
about 10 mm. long, finely pubescent. Mexico (San Luis Potosi)......
wlohe pelag Ragin ome gaat we Wisin ley Meera tent A. percaudatum Hochr.

11.Stems not glandular-pubescent; petals mostly less than 10 mm. long.
Leaves dentate; fruit truncate (12).

12. Calyx erect in fruit, 2/3 to nearly as long as the carpels. Herbage finely
tomentose; inflorescence, when well developed, an elongate, leafy,
many-Howered panicle; carpels 6-9 mm. long, rounded or obtuse at
apex, rather coarsely stellate-pubescent. Texas, southern New Mexico,
ANG ROLttHEnn NCCI.» j..2 5:5, Kernen cms 2 Bae pene A. malacum Wats.

12. Calyx spreading or reflexed in fruit, much shorter than the carpels. Petals
usually without basal spots (13).

13. Petals 6-9 mm. long, yellow or orange; carpels (sometimes 6 in number)
6-8 mm. long, muticous or apiculate (exceptionally cuspidate), finely
stellulate; plants usually sufirutescent; stems erect, sometimes trique-
trous above; leaves often more than 3 (up to 7) cm. long, denticulate to
coarsely dentate; flowers numerous, often somewhat congested at the
ends of the branches. Oklahoma and Texas to Arizona and northern
Mexico (including Baja California). .A. incanum (Link) Sweet. Note 7

13. Petals 4-6 mm. long, orange-pink or red; carpels 8-9 mm. long, mucro-
nate or cuspidate; plants herbaceous above the crown; stems spreading
or decumbent, often vine-like; leaves not more (usually less) than 3
cm. long, usually coarsely dentate; flowers few, solitary in the axils.
Southwestern United States and northern Mexico. .A. parvulum Gray

14. Flowers large, the petals 25 mm. or longer (15).

14. Flowers smaller, the petals (except occasionally in A. hypoleucum, A.
Palmeri, and perhaps A. amplexifolium) less than 25 mm. long (27).

15. Petals deeply bilobate, 28-30 mm. long, yellowish with a purple base;
carpels pauciovulate. Leaves suborbicular, rounded at base, entire-
margined; flowers solitary; peduncles 2-4 cm. long; mature fruit un-
known, Guatemidilar x sistas dere rete cere sen A. Pittieri Donn.-Smith

15. Petals not deeply lobed; carpels (except possibly in A. Chittendenii and
A. vulcanicola) pluriovulate (16).

16. Leaves deeply 3-5-lobed. Herbage glabrate or puberulent; flowers axillary,
long-pedunculate, often nodding; petals 25-40 mm. long, deep yellow
with red veins; androecium usually exserted; carpels about 11, the
ovules numerous; mature fruit apparently not known. South America;
escaped from cultivation or sparingly naturalized in Jamaica, Mexico,
anid: Guatemala. op iiy <i aoe oie itas ee eee A. striatum Dicks. Note 8

16. Leaves deeply 3-5-lobed. Herbage glabrate or puberulent; flowers axillary,
slightly 3-lobed (17).

17. Androecium nearly twice as long as the petals, these 40-50 mm. long,
orange or salmon-colored with conspicuous red veins. Leaves large,
obscurely crenulate, conspicuously discolorous; peduncles often 3-
flowered; carpels long-rostrate, nearly 30 mm. long. Guatemala......
ssijdlales Bieke RE hata Sb etme eaiaie mleweyieis ee elle te A. tridens Standl. & Steyerm.

APRIL, 1955] NORTH AMERICAN ABUTILON 245

17. Androecium (except perhaps in 4. Pachecoanum) not or little longer than
the petals (18).

18. Petals 45-60 mm. long. Shrubs or small trees up to 6 m. high; leaves
broadly ovate or suborbicular, sometimes obscurely 3-lobed, the mar-
gins entire or merely undulate; flowers long-pedunculate (19).

18. Petals usually less than 45 mm. long (21).

19. Stems copiously villous above with rather long, spreading, simple hairs in
addition to other pubescence; flowers mostly in 3’s, long-pedunculate;
petals deep wine-red, not becoming reflexed; column staminiferous
for some distance below the apex; carpels about 10, stoutly aristate,
about 40 mm. long, stellate-pilose; leaves very large. Southern Mexico,
MEAVALEIEDN A aie ie 2 o'er], ss Aad = A. Pachecoanum Stand]. & Steyerm.

19. Stems without long, simple hairs, roughly scurfy-pubescent with brown-
ish, stellate hairs; flowers solitary or binate; petals yellow or orange,
becoming reflexed; column staminiferous only at apex; carpels very
numerous, about 24. Leaves more or less coriaceous, conspicuously
veiny beneath (20).

20. Calyx densely and roughly lanate, the lobes shortly acuminate; mature
fruit unknown. Stipules ovate or broadly lanceolate. Guatemala... .
MIA Tesi ten Gtat SMPN Beret ce acai) ime fagasns ¢ SND R AROS Zo ener A. Nelsoni Rose

20. Calyx finely tomentose, the lobes long-acuminate; carpels coarsely and
roughly stellate-pubescent, thin-walled, muticous, rounded at apex,
apparently triovulate. Androecium 25 mm. long. El Salvador........
Ete Sk Re A OR: Ok EE Pe ED a A. vulcanicola Standl.

21. Leaf-margins entire or merely slightly undulate. Carpels (in A. yuca-
tanum?) muticous (22).

21. Leaf-margins crenulate to coarsely crenate. Petals mostly 30-35 mm. long,
yellow (in A. Purpusii?); androecium shorter than the petals; carpels
muticous; leaves very large, up to 20 cm. long, ovate to suborbicular,
cordate (25).

22. Calyx not more than 10 mm. long, whitish-tomentose, cleft to about the
middle. Petals 25-35 mm. long, yellow; carpels 12-15 mm. long,
rounded at apex. Mexico (Oaxaca and Chiapas). .A. Bakerianum Rose

22. Calyx more than 10 mm. long, brownish, scurfy-tomentose ‘(23).

23. Peduncles erect or spreading, 7 cm. or shorter, the flowers not nodding.
Petals relatively broad, (30?) 35-40 mm. long, yellow or cream-colored,
with a dark red or maroon basal spot; leaves sometimes obscurely
3-lobed; a small tree. Guatemala, Honduras, and perhaps El Salvador
55, Cr SRE EO ORE TET Ce Oe eae ae A. Chittendenii Standl.

23. Peduncles more or less recurved, often 8 cm. or longer, the flowers more
or less nodding (24).

24. Calyx 13-17 mm. long, the lobes attenuate-acuminate; petals 25-30 mm.
long, relatively broad (at least 14 as wide as long) with a rather incon-
spicuous, purple basal spot; leaves deeply cordate. Mexico (Vera Cruz)
BENS iee ale Sn ayny xcs Bed ari responses ne, Stoiahat Ohta ae A. Peyritschii Standl. Note 9

24. Calyx 20-25 mm. long; petals 40-45 mm. long, relatively narrow; leaves
moderately cordate: Yucatan: 2056.5 .65 oes A, yucatanum Standl.

246 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. VII, NO. 10

25. Flowers more or less nodding; carpels 25-30 mm. long. Leaves rather

AiG
26.

26.

Ads

Bhs

28.

28.
29.

finely crenate-dentate; petals long-clawed. Southern Mexico, Guate-
Mallat iy She eins spe erepe cle MNS ae ree eae heer A. Purpusii Standl.

Flowers not nodding; carpels about 20 mm. long (26).

Leaves undulate-crenulate; flowers solitary in the axils; carpels 12. Petals
rather long-clawed. Mexico (Jalisco)........... A. jaliscanum Standl.

Leaves rather coarsely crenate; flowers often subracemose at ends of the
branchlets; carpels 7-10. Costa Rica, Panama..... A. Brenesii Standl.

Corolla rose-pink or purple, at least when fresh, exceptionally white, per-
haps rarely yellow (28).

Corolla (so far as is known) yellow, orange, or (exceptionally) whitish,
with or without a darker center (34). Note 10

Petals about 9 mm. long, bluish-purple, becoming reflexed; carpels 18-24,
pauciovulate. A small tree; herbage, peduncles, and calyx scurfy-stellu-
late; leaves very large, often slightly 3-lobed, obscurely denticulate;
flowers in dense, subcorymbose clusters at ends of (often elongate)
axillary branchlets; calyx cleft nearly to the base, the lobes oval, obtuse
or acutish; mature fruit unknown. Guatemala......................
Diy.les tp orf wip igs ate hse wishes oie ate ans acme A. pleiopodum Donn.-Smith. Note 11

Petals longer, not becoming reflexed; carpels fewer (29).

Corolla rose-pink to (exceptionally) white (rarely yellow?); carpels pluri-
ovulate. Plants shrubby or arborescent, up to 4 m. high; stems stellate-
tomentose and usually also with long, spreading, simple hairs; leaves
velutinous, more or less discolorous, broadly ovate, cordate; flowers
axillary, mostly solitary; petals up to 25 mm. long but usually shorter;
carpels 10-14, cuspidate or shortly aristate, villous, 13-16 mm. long.
Southern Florida, southern Texas, and West Indies, perhaps also in
Mexico and Honduras». 25.02.50 <2 sisi ceicie 4 0 ashe olen ee
itn oes A. Hulseanum (Torr. & Gray) Torr. ex. Chapm. Note 12

. Corolla (so far as is known) pale purple to violet, at least when fresh,

15-25 mm. long (in A. Buchii?); carpels pauciovulate. Flowers solitary
in the axils. Species known only from Hispaniola (30). Note 13

. Calyx-lobes more or less cordate; stipules 6-15 mm. long; carpels 11-13,
about 15 mm. long (31).

. Calyx-lobes not cordate; stipules not more than 7 (8?) mm. long; carpels

fewer (32). ;

. Stems without long hairs; calyx-lobes conspicuously cordate; carpel-beaks
CIVETRENE: 25,0421. JOR reas Santee Rin ee ee arte em A. inclusum Urban

. Stems with numerous, very long, spreading, simple hairs; calyx-lobes sub-
cordate; carpel-beakserect 5.5, ..52 02s2 2: A. Leonardi Urban. Note 14

. Carpels 6, barely 10 mm. long; calyx-lobes ovate-lanceolate, acuminate. .

id «Oi alla 0’ Gja a Se wGnlany eae reat Pee ae a ree ee A. Picardae Urban

.Carpels 9 or 10; calyx-lobes triangular-lanceolate. Herbage velutinous,

white or whitish, the stems with long, very fine, simple hairs (33).

. Stipules 6-7 (8?) mm. long. Carpels scarcely 10 mm. long, rather obtusely
edhe ois cites. Jane son pee key ae ee ee ener oe A. Buchii Urban

. Stipules 4-5 mm. long. Calyx-lobes obtusish; mature fruit unknown... .

Se eee eee PE Rae et eS, ot rhc A. haitense Urban. Note 15

APRIL, 1955] NORTH AMERICAN ABUTILON 247

34. Plants annual. Stems up to about | m. high; herbage more or less tomen-
tose; leaves large, broadly ovate or suborbicular, abruptly acuminate;
petals about 10 mm. long, yellow; carpels long-aristate, pluriovulate.
Naturalized in the United States and Bermuda from India..........
Eee pee tava vas eteeenctat ad das Maer ts Sales, ate A. Theophrasti Medic. Note 16

34. Plants perennial, often more or less woody (35).

35. Leaves (the upper ones) sessile or nearly so, amplexicaul; carpels pluri-
ovulate. Stems loosely pilose or villous; leaves ovate, cordate with
usually overlapping basal lobes; flowers mostly in terminal panicles;
carpels about 12, inflated, the walls membranous. Mexico..........
ier ide ers ae A.amplexifolium (Mog. & Sessé ex DC.) G. Don. Note 17

35. Leaves all distinctly petiolate; carpels (except rarely in A. Palmeri?) pau-
ciovulate (36).

36. Petals usually becoming reflexed. Plants herbaceous or shrubby, up to 6
m. high; herbage velutinous, the stems and (or) petioles often also
with long, spreading, simple hairs; leaves broadly ovate or suborbi-
cular, more or less cordate, sometimes slightly lobed; flowers in a
(usually ample) terminal panicle; flower-buds angulate-turbinate; co-
rolla yellow or whitish, often with a red or purple center, the petals
9-15 mm. long; carpels 8-14 (16?), villous, 10-15 mm. long, usually
shortly aristate but sometimes muticous and rounded or truncate at
apex; seeds pubescent. West Indies and southern Mexico to northern
SON GATTI CAS 5/0) <mi0i5)s ap 40 ste cers A. giganteum (Jacq.) Sweet. Note 18

36. Petals (so far as is known) not becoming reflexed (37).

37. Stipules up to 15 mm. long, about 1/3 as wide as long at base, auriculate
on one side. Flowers solitary or subpaniculate apically; petals 10-13
mm. long, deep yellow; carpels about 10, apiculate, 15-2 times as
long as the calyx. Perhaps in western Mexico and in Martinique;
putvaduced, tom the Old Weald a ho os so. oi = $22 ea vs os wo bes
SE alent eA eee A. auritum (Wall. ex Link) Sweet. Note 19

37. Stipules smaller or narrower, not auriculate (38).

38. Fruiting calyx (except sometimes in A. Dugesii and A. Hemsleyanum) not
more than 2/3 as long as the mature fruit (39).

38. Fruiting calyx (except occasionally in A. Palmeri and perhaps A. hirtum)
from more than 2/3 as long as to longer than the mature fruit (48).

39. Carpels muticous to subaristate. Flowers in very open panicles (40).

39. Carpels long-beaked or aristate (44).

40. Plants shrubby; petals 12-15 mm. long. Carpels villous (41).

40. Plants herbaceous; petals not more than 12 mm. long. Leaves large, sub-
orbicular, deeply cordate, strongly discolorous; flowers in ample
panicles (42).

41. Carpels 8 or 9, muticous or very shortly beaked, 10 mm. long, thin-walled,
somewhat inflated. Flowers in an ample panicle. Southern Mexico...
COM sho SHEEN eT an tee sabe aimee Ss A. Andrieuxii Hemsl. Note 20

41. Carpels 10 or 11, obtuse or apiculate at apex, firm-walled, not inflated.
Stems densely tomentulose, sometimes (in var. longipilum Standl.)
also with long, simple hairs. El Salvador. . A. Calderoni Standl. Note 21

248 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. VII, NO. 10

42.

45.

46.

46.
47.

47.

48.

48.
a0

49.

Stems glabrous or tomentulose; leaves not or obscurely trilobate; petals
10-12 mm. long; carpels obtuse and muticous to mucronate at apex.
Southern-Arizona/andi Mexitcova...9.<.5 eee A. reventum Wats.

Stems conspicuously pubescent; leaves often shallowly trilobate; petals
less than 10 (mostly 6-7) mm. long; carpels mucronate to shortly
aristate (43).

. Petioles and stems sparsely to copiously hirsute with long, simple or few-

armed hairs. Southern Arizona and Mexico.......... A. sonorae Gray

. Petioles and stems without such hairs, densely white-lanate. Southern

Baja CAMPOS os 5 ic eee sb La tha ee wee oak A. Carterae Kearney

. Inflorescence paniculate or subumbellate. Petals 8-10 mm. long (45).

. Inflorescence otherwise, the flowers solitary in the axils, sometimes some-

what crowded apically (46).

. Leaves mostly long-petiolate and distinctly cordate, often shallowly trilo-

bate; carpels 6-8 (9?) mm. long, 5-7 in number, shortly aristate, the
awns spreading. West Indies and Mexico to South America........
BisPeis aah war Saiwtace uate citi ao PIE wine Rean eh seats fae A. umbellatum (L.) Sweet

Leaves (the upper ones) short-petiolate and rounded or subcordate at
base; carpels (8?) 13-14 mm. long, stellate-hispid, long-aristate. Flow-
ers numerous, in dense axillary clusters, the inflorescence an elongate,
leafy or nearly naked thyrse. Mexico. .A. Hemsleyanum Rose. Note 22

Herbage, calyx, and carpels with glandular hairs. Petals 6-10 mm. long,
little to considerably surpassing the angulate-plicate calyx; carpels
aristate. Southern Mexico, including Baja California and Tres Marias
TSIAMGE, 2. FS cee das vein oh s hie ee ee Peete te A. Dugesii Wats. Note 23

Herbage, calyx, and carpels not or very obscurely glandular (47). :

Stem-hairs all short and stellate; leaves not or only moderately discolor-
ous; calyx-lobes overlapping and subcordate at base; petals 6-15 mm.
long. Southern Arizona and Mexico, including Baja California......
Bee Py ei oi ore ses Cre A. californicum Benth. Note 24

Stem-hairs partly long, simple, very fine, reflexed; leaves strongly discolor-
ous, velutinous on both surfaces, coarsely crenate-dentate, sometimes
shallowly trilobate; calyx-lobes not overlapping or cordate; petals
about 10 mm. long. Southern Arizona.............. A. Parishii Wats.

Carpels numerous (12-30), remaining attached to the axis after maturity
by a dorsal thread (Note 25). Leaves obtuse to shortly acuminate. Old
World species, more or less naturalized in tropical and subtropical
America (49).

Carpels fewer, or without attaching threads. Indigenous species (51).

Herbage with glandular hairs, the stems also with long, spreading, simple
hairs; petals 15-20 mm. long, orange- or tawny-yellow, with a red or
purple basal spot. Carpels thin-walled, muticous or apiculate; seeds
puberulent. Florida, West Indies, Mexico, Nicaragua.............-.
ates ela eine eels iMate eto net eens ee A. hirtum (Lam.) Sweet. Note 26

Herbage without glandular hairs; petals commonly less than 15 mm. long,
yellow. Stems usually with long, spreading, simple hairs (50).

APRIL, 1955 | NORTH AMERICAN ABUTILON 249

50. Fruit stellate-tomentose, the carpels muticous to cuspidate, thin-walled,
inflated; seeds puberulent, pubescent at the hilum. Leaves usually
coarsely dentate. Florida, West Indies, and probably elsewhere in

frepital Americano. tincccnaninchelpat : A. indicum (L.) Sweet. Note 27
50. Fruit villous, the carpels cuspidate; seeds tuberculate, otherwise glabrous.
Wes talita ies bjs e ie.e sara -ts0 Shae toeeeie: = A. leiospermum Griseb. Note 28

51. Corolla (in A. Gaumeri?, A. sphaerostaminum?) usually less than 15 mm.
long (52).

51. Corolla usually 15 mm. or longer (58).

52. Carpels biovulate, rounded and usually mucronate at apex, about 7 mm.
long, densely tomentose dorsally; herbage tomentose with stellate
hairs, yellowish or rusty or appearing so in old specimens; leaves mostly
entire, rounded or subcordate at base, obtuse to short-acuminate at
apex, thickish, the veins more or less prominent beneath. Yucatan....
De dia 2 trae rel tenis Sahn whe. eres sale, ak. A. Gaumeri Standl. Note 29

52. Carpels normally triovulate, long-beaked or subaristate, more than 7 mm.
long; herbage (except in old specimens) not appearing yellowish or
rusty; leaves crenulate to dentate (53).

53. Inflorescence an elongate, almost naked, often long-branched panicle.
Herbage velutinous; leaves broadly ovate, deeply cordate, rather
abruptly long-acuminate, denticulate or dentate, sometimes shallowly
trilobate; petals about 8 mm. long. Southern Baja California........
Rie othe Gey ciee ia. sibrs 0 sities dis Sim eciann) a aahgias se A. Xanti Gray

53. Inflorescence otherwise but sometimes racemose or subpaniculate apically
in A. Palmeri (54).

54. Calyx-lobes subcordate and overlapping at base, at least in the bud (55).

54. Calyx-lobes not subcordate. Seeds usually minutely tuberculate or echinu-
late (57).

55. Leaves with a very long and sharp acumination; carpels mucronate or
cuspidate. Plants suffruticose; leaves broadly ovate, deeply cordate,
denticulate, strongly discolorous; carpels 14 or fewer, tomentose; seeds
tuberculate-pilosulous. Southern Mexico....................20006-
Die ebm ite eons kad a acm el eases A. sphaerostaminum Hochr. Note 30

55. Leaves acute to shortly (rarely long-) acuminate; carpels more or less
aristate (56).

56. Flowers mostly solitary in the axils; petals 6-15 mm. long. Southern Ari-
zona and Mexico, including Baja California... .. A. californicum Benth.

56. Flowers axillary and also racemosely or subcorymbosely clustered at ends
of the stem and of more or less elongate axillary branchlets, the in-
florescence, when well developed, a very open, leafy panicle; petals
10-15 mm. long. Southern Florida, southern Texas, West Indies,
Mexico; Golumbia)s 1.2420 .)2) A. abutiloides (Jacq.) Garcke. Note 31

57. Herbage usually rather roughly pubescent; leaves concolorous or nearly
so, crenate or dentate, often shallowly trilobate, truncate or shallowly
(rarely deeply) cordate at base; flowers in subumbellate, axillary and
terminal clusters, the whole inflorescence a leafy panicle; petals usually
about 8 mm. long. West Indies and Mexico to South America........
Sa aeI yaar Free oval id fore Rly o EE ie. oe ace ea erede eral A. umbellatum (L.) Sweet

250 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. VII, NO. 10

57. Herbage finely soft-pubescent; leaves discolorous, crenulate (exception-
ally dentate?), deeply cordate at base; flowers axillary and in sub-
corymbose terminal clusters; petals 12 mm. or longer. Florida, West
Indies, and perhaps in southern Mexico, Guatemala, and Honduras
ROR ERS Soe PES Oe re AI GRC C A. permolle (Willd.) Sweet

58. Stems with few or many long, spreading, simple hairs in addition to other

pubescence (59).

58. Stems without such hairs (62).

59. Calyx-lobes lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, attenuate-acuminate. Stems
erect to procumbent; leaves broadly ovate or suborbicular, cordate;
flowers solitary in the axils; calyx cleft nearly to the base, accrescent,
in fruit 15-25 mm. long; petals 15-20 mm. long; carpels 12-15 mm.
long, conspicuously aristate, villous. Texas, southeastern New Mexico,
and northern Mexiunis ¥2.:0:2ch ses semen A. Wrightii Gray. Note 32

59. Calyx-lobes ovate-deltoid, obtuse to acuminate (60).

60. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, cordate-subsagittate, less than 14 as wide as long.
Calyx cleft nearly to the base, the lobes overlapping. Northeastern
IMOXICOls «516 2s scciacin Sarde wate ee rete eae A, subsagittatum Hochr.

60. Leaves broader, not at all sagittate (61).

61. Calyx finely and densely puberulent, with a few long hairs at base, the
lobes broadly deltoid and overlapping at base; flowers more or less
crowded at apex of the stem and branches; herbage more or less
glandular; leaves discolorous, puberulent above, velutinous beneath,
ovate, acuminate, cordate with a narrow sinus. Southern Mexico.....
live shew 8 PUG ate Sees ok Scns ele ae RS ee ae ae Oo ee A. simulans Rose

61. Calyx tomentose or villous, the lobes deltoid-ovate, not overlapping;
flowers solitary in the axils but, by reduction of the upper leaves, the
whole infloresence often appearing as an elongate, few-flowered ter-
minal raceme, or subpaniculate; herbage not or very obscurely glan-
dular; leaves seldom conspicuously discolorous, velutinous on both sur-
faces, broadly ovate or suborbicular, cordate, normally acute or
shortly acuminate, rather coarsely dentate, sometimes slightly 3-lobed.
Petals rich orange, 15-25 mm. long; carpels 8-10 mm. long, cuspidate
or shortly aristate. Southern Arizona, southeastern California, north-
western Mexico, and throughout Baja California..................
Roi Rane Cerin eI eis oa Absbetyie roa, Ce A. Palmeri Gray. Note 33

62. Leaves small (up to 5 cm. long), obtuse to shortly acuminate, crenulate,
sometimes obscurely trilobate, moderately discolorous; carpels cuspi-
date. Calyx about 14 as long as the corolla, its lobes deltoid and some-
what overlapping at base; plants shrubby. Northeastern Mexico......
a telle tach ofa Stakes sa 5. Viaha bee Selena tee A. glabriflorum Hochr. Note 34

62. Leaves mostly larger, attenuate-acuminate; carpels long-beaked or aris-
tate (63).

63. Calyx very accrescent, often much surpassing the fruit, the lobes broadly
ovate, attenuate-acuminate. Leaves broadly ovate, cordate, velutinous
usually on both surfaces, strongly discolorous; petals up to 25 mm.
long; carpels 12-15 mm. long. Texas and eastern Mexico............
A sfest ais: Asia tees eave Sa piehetet ie 4-0 ayeuo ete ep eee ee A. hypoleucum Gray

APRIL, 1955] NORTH AMERICAN ABUTILON 251

63. Calyx only moderately accrescent, not surpassing the fruit (64).

64. Herbage glandular, especially in the inflorescence; flowers mostly sub-
racemosely or subcorymbosely disposed on elongate, leafy, axillary
branchlets, the whole inflorescence an open, leafy panicle; leaves long-
acuminate, moderately discolorous; carpel stellate-tomentose. Central
aie SOULE MERIC. 22.02. Sat oct ss A. Holwayi Rose. Note 35

64. Herbage not glandular; flowers mostly solitary in the axils or somewhat
aggregated at ends of the branches, the inflorescence scarcely panicu-
late; leaves acute or shortly acuminate, usually conspicuously discolor-
ous; carpels villous. Florida, West Indies, and perhaps in southern
Mexico, Guatemala, and Honduras........ A. permolle (Willd.) Sweet

NOTES

1. The following species, stated to have been based upon collections in
Mexico, are insufficiently known for inclusion in the key: A. albidum Walp.,
A. blandum Fenzl, A. sessilifolium Presl. The last is almost certainly Bogen-
hardia crispa (L.) Kearney (Abutilon crispum (L.) Medic.), with which Presl
himself compared it. Abutilon lucianum (DC.) Sweet (Wissadula luciana
Benth.), a West Indian species, was referred by R. E. Fries (Sv. Vet. Akad.
Hand. ser. 2, 434:60) to Wissadula contracta (Link) R. E. Fries. Although
Urban (Symb. Antill. 5:415) thought that it should be retained in Abutilon,
it seems more properly to belong to the genus Wissadula.

2. The term pauciovulate, as used in this key, signifies that the number of
ovules in each carpel is not more than 3, and the term pluriovulate signifies
that the number is 4 or more.

3. Apparently related to A. umbellatum.

4. Synonyms: A. triquetrum (L.) Sweet and perhaps 4. floribundum
Schlecht.

5. Synonym (?): A. mochisense Hochr. Abutilon Pringlei apparently inter-
grades with A. incanum (see first paragraph 13 of this key) and is probably
only subspecifically distinct. A specimen from Cameron County, southern
Texas (Mrs. A. M. Davis in 1941, Herbarium Southern Methodist University),
is very like Arizona specimens of A. Pringlei.

6. Synonyms (fide Standley, Contrib. U. S. Natl. Herb. 23:754): A. attenua-
tum Robins. & Greenm. and perhaps d. erosum Schlecht. Specimens from
Culiacan and Balboa, Sinaloa (J. G. Ortega 5112 and 6007) resemble A. ellip-
ticum except that the petals are 15 mm. long and the foliage is more like
that of A. membranaceum.

7. Synonyms: A. Nuttallii Torr. & Gray, A. ramosissimum Presl, A. texense
Torr. & Gray and, perhaps, A. racemosum Schlecht.

8. Synonym: A. pictum (Gill.) Walp.

9. Based upon A. macranthum Peyr., non St. Hil. Given for Guatemala in
Standley, Trees & Shrubs Mexico, but not included in Standley & Steyermark’s
Flora of Guatemala. Peyritsch described the carpels of his A. macranthum as
“dorso undulato-crispis,” this suggesting that it may be a Bakeridesia.

10. Color unknown, but presumably yellow, in A. Gaumeri, A. sphaero-
staminum, and. A. subsagittatum.

252 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. VII, NO. 10

11. Standley, in 1945, identified the type specimen as Robinsonella diver-
gens Rose & Baker. Standley & Steyermark in Fl. Guatemala (Fieldiana
246:327), however, included 4. pleiopodum in their key to Abutilon although
on p. 372 they gave it as a synonym of R. divergens. As well as I can make
out on the very immature material available, the carpels contain more than
one ovule. Also the stamen-column is pubescent, not glabrous as described
for R. divergens by Roush.

12. Synonyms: A. pedunculare Griseb., non H.B.K. (as to the West Indian
plants), A. commutatum K. Schum., A. leucophaeum Hochr. This species is
very closely related to A. pauciflorum St. Hil., of southern South America,
and was treated under that name by Fawcett and Rendle (Fl. Jam. 53:102).
They included Mexico in the range but it is not mentioned by Standley in
Trees & Shrubs of Mexico. Schumann's name A. commutatum (FI. Bras.
123:405 under A. pauciflorum) was taken up by Urban (Symb. Antill. 4:386),
who stated that in Puerto Rico the plants reach a height of 4 m. and are
shrubby or arborescent, whereas A. pauciflorum, in South America, is appar-
ently less woody and of lower stature (see Fl. Bras. 123:404).

13. It is not certain that all of the 5 following Haitian taxa, each of which
apparently was described from a single collection, are distinct as species.

14. Urban did not state the number of ovules, but as the 4 related Haitian
species are triovulate, the number in A. Leonardi is presumably the same.
Also, he did not mention the petal color, but a specimen (Jiménez 2375) was
characterized on the label as having petals of a pale lilac color, although
appearing pale orange when dry. This plant was described by Jiménez as a
shrub 1.5 m. high, very common in saline soil.

15. Urban (Repert. Sp. Nov. 18:191) described the petals of A. haitense as
“ex sicco flava,” but stated that it is related to the purple-flowered A. Picar-
dae.

16. Synonym: A. Avicennae Gaertn.

17. The petal color of A. amplexifolium is yellow according to De Candolle
(Prodr. 1:469) and G. Don (Hist. Dichl. Pl. 1:502).

18. Synonyms: A. elatum (Macf.) Griseb. and perhaps A. confertiflorum
A. Rich. and A. mexicanum Presl.

19. Abutilon Haenkeanum Pres] may be a synonym of A. auritum, since
Pres] compared it with his 4. stipulare, of the Philippine Islands, which is
usually considered a synonym of A. auritum. If the type of A. Haenkeanum
was collected in western Mexico, as stated by Presl, it may have been a
casual introduction, as is the case with A. auritum in South America. Speci-
mens from Martinique, also, have been referred to A. auritum.

20. Synonym: A. reticulatum Rose.

21. Although described as a shrub, this seems very close to 4. reventum.

22. Based on A. sidoides Hemsl., non Dalz. & Gibs.

23. Synonym: A. tultitlanapense Hochr.

24. Synonym: A. Lemmoni Wats.

25. The presence of attaching threads in A. leiospermum is assumed be-
cause of its relationship to A. indicum. The synonymy of this group of Old
World species is very confused.

APRIL, 1955] NORTH AMERICAN ABUTILON 253

26. Synonym: A. indicum var. hirtum (Lam.) Griseb.

27. Synonyms (?): A. Croizatianum Moscoso, A. pubescens (Cav.) Urban,
non Moench, 4. subpapyraceum Hochr.

28. Although not so stated by Grisebach (Fl. Br. W. Ind. p. 79) or by
Fawcett & Rendle (Fl. Jam. 53:100), this is presumably of Old World origin.
Sida vesicaria Cav. (Abutilon vesicarium Sweet) was cited as a synonym by
Grisebach and (doubtfully) by Fawcett and Rendle. According to Cavanilles
(Diss. 2:55), S. vesicaria came from Mexico.

29. The corolla of A. Gaumeri apparently is unknown.

30. The number of carpels was stated by Hochreutiner as 14, but the num-
ber is evidently smaller in some of the fruits on the type specimen. Petals (in
a bud on the type specimen) little surpass the calyx.

31. Synonyms: A. americanum (L.) Sweet non A. americanum Panzer, A.
Berlandieri Gray, A. crassifolium (L’Hér.) G. Don, A. domingense Turcz.,
A. Jacquini G. Don, A. lignosum (Cav.) G. Don, A. peraffine Shuttlew., A.
scabrum Wats., and perhaps, A. dentatum Rose and 4A. fragile Brandeg.

32. A. Selerianum Ulbr. was referred by Standley (Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb.
23:752) to A. hypoleucum, but examination of an isotype indicates that it
is more like A. Wrightit.

33. Synonyms: A. aurantiacum S. Wats., non Linden, and A. Macdougalii
Rose & Standley. According to Gray (Proc. Amer. Acad. 8:289) the carpels are
sometimes 4-ovulate.

34. Probably a distinct species, although seemingly related to A. permolle.

35. Synonym (fide Standley, ibid. p. 755): A. durangense Rose & York.

INDEX

The numbers are those of paragraphs of the key. Synonyms and probable
synonyms are italicized and the number in parenthesis after the paragraph
number is that of the note in which the synonym is cited.

abutiloides 56

americanum 56 (31)
amplexifolium 35
Andrieuxii 41
attenuatum 9 (6)
aurantiacum 61 (33)
auritum 37
Avicennae 34 (16)
Bakerianum 22
bastardioides 6
Berlandieri 56 (31)
Brenesii 26

Buchii 33
Calderoni 41
californicum 47, 56
Carterae 43
Chittendenii 23
coahuilae 10

commutatum 29 (12)
confertiflorum 36 (18)
crassifolium 56 (31)
Croizatianum 50 (27)
dentatum 56 (31)
domingense 56 (31)
Dugesii 46
durangense 64 (35)
elatum 36 (18)
ellipticum 9

erosum 9 (6)
floribundum 5 (A)
fragile 56 (31)
Gaumeri 52
giganteum 36
glabriflorum 62
Haenkeanum 37 (19)
haitense 33

Hemsleyanum 45
hirtum 49

Holwayi 64
Hulseanum 29
hypoleucum 63
incanum 13
inclusum 31
indicum 50
Jacquini 56 (31)
jaliscanum 26
leiospermum 50
Lemmoni 47 (24)
Leonardi 31
leucophaeum 29 (12)
lignosum 56 (31)
lucianum (1)
Macdougalii 61 (33)
macranthum 24 (9)

254

malacum 12
Marshii 2
membranaceum 10
mexicanum 36 (18)
mochisense 7 (5)
Nelsoni 20
Nuttallii 13 (7)
orientale 4
Pachecoanum 19
Palmeri 61

Parishii 47
parvulum 13
pauciflorum 29 (12)
pedunculare 29 (12)
peraffine 56 (31)
percaudatum 11
permolle 57, 64
Peyritschii 24

Picardae 32

pictum 16 (8)
Pittieri 15
pleiopodum 28
Pringlei 7
pubescens 50 (27)
Purpusii 25
racemosum 13 (7)
ramosissimum 13 (7)
reticulatum 41 (20)
reventum 42
scabrum 56 (31)
Selerianum 59 (32)
sessilifolium (1)
sidoides 45 (22)
simulans 61

sonorae 43
sphaerostaminum 55

LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. VII, NO. 10

striatum 16
subpapyraceum 50 (27)
subsagittatum 60
texense 13 (7)
Theophrasti 34
Thurberi 4

tridens 17

triquetrum 5 (4)
trisulcatum 5
tultitlanapense 46 (23)
umbellatum 45, 57
vesicarium 50 (28)
vulcanicola 20
Wrightii 59

Xanti 53

yucatanum 24

A NEW SUBSPECIES AND NEW
COMBINATIONS IN LUPINUS

BY DAVID B. DUNN}

Following the study of the genus Lupinus for the Flora of
Nevada, it was found that several changes were necessary in the
nomenclature. These changes are presented here so that the
names will be available for the floristic study. A full explana-
tion has been prepared in monographic form but cannot be
published in time for the floristic treatment. I wish to express
my thanks to Dr. P. A. Munz for assistance in correcting the
Latin diagnosis.

Lupinus argenteus Pursh ssp. argenteus var. tenellus (Dougl. ex G. Don)
Dunn, comb. nov. L. tenellus Dougl. ex G. Don, Gen. Syst. Dichl. Pl. 2:367
(1832). L. laxiflorus var. tenellus (Dougl. ex G. Don) T. & G., Fl. N. Amer.

1:377 (1840). L. laxiflorus Dougl. ex Lindl., Bot. Reg. t. 1140 (1828), not
Agardh or authors since him.

Lupinus arbustus Dougl. in Lindl. ssp. arbustus var. montanus (Howell)
Dunn, comb. nov. L. laxiflorus var. montanus Howell, Erythea 3:33 (1895).
L. laxiflorus var. cognatus C. P. Sm., Jepson, Man. Fl. Pl. 527 (1925).

Lupinus arbustus ssp. neolaxiflorus Dunn, ssp. nov. L. laxiflorus Agardh,
Syn. Gen. Lup. (1835), in part, not Doug]. ex Lindl. or G. Don. L. laxiflorus

1 Visiting Botanist, Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden, Claremont, California.

APRIL, 1955] ALLOCARYA CUSICKII 255

T. & G., Fl. N. Amer. (1840), in part. Likewise, in manuals covering the flora
of the northwestern United States.

Herbae 2-4 dm. altae, perennes, caulibus pluribus, caulibus et foliis ubique
parce sericeis; petiolis basalibus 8-13 cm. longis, foliolis 8-10, maximis 2.5-5
cm. longis, 3-7 mm. latis, lineari-ellipticis vel lineari-oblanceolatis, super-
ficiebus adpresso-pubescentibus; pedunculis 2-8 cm. longis, racemis 7-12 cm.
longis, verticillis 8-20 mm. distantibus; floribus 8-10 mm. longis; calycibus
bilabiatis, labio superiore 3-4.5 mm. longo, basi gibbis vel calcaribus 0.2-1.4
mm. longis, bracteolis 0.2-0.8 mm. longis; vexillo in canalibus infra labium
calycis dorsaliter pubescenti; carina prope acumen minuto-ciliolata supra;
seminibus 3-5.

Type: David Douglas 297, collected near “the falls of the Columbia”
(Celilo Falls), June 20, 1825 (CGE, Cambridge University, Cambridge, Eng-
land).

Lupinus arbustus ssp. calcaratus (Kell.) Dunn, comb. nov. L. calcaratus
Kell., Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 2:195 (1862). L. laxiflorus var. calcaratus (Kell.)
C. P. Sm., Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 51:304 (1924).

Lupinus arbustus ssp. silvicola (Heller) Dunn, comb. nov. L. silvicola
Heller, Muhlenbergia 6:81 (1910). L. laxiflorus var. silvicola (Heller) C. P.
Sm., Jepson, Man. FI. Pl. Calif. 527 (1925).

Lupinus arbustus ssp. pseudoparviflorus (Rydb.) Dunn, comb. nov. L.
pseudoparviflorus Rydb., Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1:232 (1900). L. laxiflorus
var. pseudoparviflorus (Rydb.) C. P. Sm. & St. John in St. John, Fl. S. W.
Wash. & Adj. Ida. 277 (1937).

Lupinus pusillus Pursh ssp. intermontanus (Heller) Dunn, comb. nov.
L. intermontanus Heller, Muhlenbergia 8:87 (1912). L. pusillus var. inter-
montanus (Heller) C. P. Sm., Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 46:408 (1919).

Lupinus pusillus ssp. rubens (Rydb.) Dunn, comb. nov. L. rubens Rydb.,
Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 34:45 (1907). L. odoratus var. rubens (Rydb.) Jepson,
Fl. Calif. 2:282 (1936).

A RANGE EXTENSION FOR ALLOCARYA CUSICKII IN CALIFORNIA.
Allocarya Cusickii Greene has been reported in the literature as
occurring south in California to Placer County (cf. Jepson’s
Flora 3:363,—1943). However, from its somewhat extensive dis-
tribution in Nevada, as outlined by I. M. Johnston (Contrib.
Arn. Arb. 3:63-64,—1932), it might be expected farther south in
transmontane California, and such has proven to be the case.
There is a specimen in the herbarium of the California Academy
of Sciences from near Chalfant, Mono County (Eastwood &
Howell 9550), and I have collected it from a small colony along
a stream just south of Deep Springs Lake, Inyo County (Raven
6975). It might be expected in other areas of southeastern Cali-
fornia where there is sufficient moisture.—PETER H. RAVEN.

256 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. VII, NO. 10

LINARIA DALMATICA IN IDAHO. Dalmatian toadflax, Linaria
dalmatica (L.) Miller, has been reported as an escape from culti-
vation in California, Oregon, and Washington (Howell, Leafl.
West. Bot. 7: 152). It isa relatively new weed in Idaho. The plant
appears to be fairly well established in the panhandle region
of the state and is known to occur in Boundary, Kootenai, Latah,
and Idaho counties. Our record in the Herbarium of the Uni-
versity of Idaho is as follows: 3.5 miles north of Viola, Latah
County, along right-of-way to Highway 95, in heavy bluegrass
sod, James Torell 116, June 15, 1953. It has also been observed
by the same collector in Kootenai County about | mile south
of Coeur d’Alene near Highway 95. This plant is considered to
be a potential weed menace on Idaho ranges and also may cause
trouble on cultivated land.—WILLIAM H. Baker, University of
Idaho Herbarium, Moscow.

ERAGROSTIS CURVULA SPONTANEOUS IN CALIFORNIA. On Septem-
ber 5, 1954, J. T. Howell collected a grass along the roadside at
Marsh Creek Springs Park, Contra Costa County, which has
since proven to be Eragrostis curvula (Schrad.) Nees (Howell
30026 ). It was apparently reproducing itself there without culti-
vation, the first record of the plant I have seen from California.
According to Beecher Crampton of the Department of Agron-
omy, University of California at Davis, it has probably been
grown experimentally at various places in California and should
be useful as a range grass in certain frost-free areas, although it
lacks competitive ability.

Another species which is similar and which has also been
grown experimentally is E. chloromelas Steud. An examination
of the African material of that species in the herbarium of the
University of California shows that in that species the mature
spikelets are darker in color and the pedicels are spreading,
whereas in E. curvula the pedicels are closely appressed to the
branches and the color of the spikelets is paler. A description of
E. curvula appears in Hitchcock’s Manual (ed. 2, p. 168), while
E. chloromelas is given briefer mention (p. 169) since it is not
yet known to grow spontaneously. Both species are indigenous
to Africa.—PETER H. RAVEN.

STL

VoL. VII No. 11

LEAFLETS
of
WESTERN BOTANY

CONTENTS

PAGE
A Tabulation of California Endemics . . . . . . 257
Joun THomas HowELL
Some Putative California Hybrids in Arctostaphylos . . 265
Joun Tuomas HowELi
Plant Notes from Napa County, California. . . . . 268
PETER H. RAVEN
Noteson ‘Malvacede, VIi i200) oso Lees AN a Se ie er edd

Tuomas H. KEARNEY

A Tentative Key to the North American Species of
LES Lovie’) O2t DROME RARE OSA Sams ack PRO R iMG oe maty DWF.
Tuomas H. KEARNEY

This number published with funds from
THE CALIFORNIA BOTANICAL CLUB

SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA
Aucust 22, 1955

LEAFLETS
of :
WESTERN BOTANY

A publication devoted particularly to the native and naturali
plants of western North America and to the cultivated plz n
of California, appearing about four times each year. Subs
tion, $2.00 annually. Cost of back files or single numbers fu
nished on request. Address: John Thomas Howell, Cali
Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco 18.

Cited as

LEAFL. WEsT. Bor.

Owned and published by

Joun THomas HOWELL

ERRATUM

Please replace line 40, page 244, Vol. VII, No. 10, LEAFLETS
oF WESTERN BoTAny, with this gummed label:

16. Leaves not lobed or (in A. Chittendenii and A. Pachecoanum) sometimes

California ENGeMICS MUSt VE VI LuIlUaMIciitar comceri mutT urry
to botanists but to biologists in general.

As a floristic basis for my observations, I selected Jepson’s
Manual of the Flowering Plants of California (1923-25)* and
from it I prepared a catalogue of the various taxa of vascular
plants endemic to California. The present paper does not con-
cern any matters of conservation for which the catalogue was
primarily prepared, but is given merely as a floristic analysis that
might have some systematic and phytogeographic interest.

For reasons outlined below, and except for a brief discussion
of endemic genera, I have restricted myself exclusively to the
record of the California flora as presented by Jepson in his
Manual. That work is the most recent of the two floras that deal
with all families of vascular plants within the state, and since
most of it was written by Jepson himself, it presents a remark-
ably consistent treatment of plant entities. Moreover, on the
basis of this floristic account, Jepson (1925, pp. 11-14) gave the
first statewide enumeration of endemics and presented a phyto-
geographic analysis of distribution with the designation of ten
endemism areas. For these reasons, I believe, Jepson’s Manual
will always remain the basis for the study of endemism in Cali-
fornia, no matter how much the figures may vary — as certainly
they will, as taxonomic concepts may change or as phytogeo-

*A Manual of the Flowering Plants of California by Willis Linn Jepson. Pages 1—-1238;
figures 1-1023. University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles, California.

Leaflets of Western Botany, Vol. VII, pp. 257-284, August 22, 1955.

ERRATUM

Please replace line 12, page 243, Vol. VII, No. 10, LEAFLETS
OF WESTERN Botany, with this gummed label:

7. Petals whitish or pinkish (exceptionally pale yellow?) with a conspicuous,

Caliiormia ENGeMICs WIUSt DE UL LultUamICiitaLr concer aut urry
to botanists but to biologists in general.

* A Manual of the Flowering Plants of California by Willis Linn Jepson. Pages 1-1238;
figures 1-1023. University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles, California.

Leaflets of Western Botany, Vol. VII, pp. 257-284, August 22, 1955S.

* ies ad
f lee oo A

AUGUST, 1955] CALIFORNIA ENDEMICS 257

A TABULATION OF CALIFORNIA ENDEMICS

BY JOHN THOMAS HOWELL

Late in 1954, Dr. Carl Skottsberg invited me to serve under
his chairmanship on a subcommittee dealing with plants within
the standing Committee on Conservation of the Pacific Science
Congress and to report on matters pertinent to the conservation
of ferns and seed plants in California. After accepting Dr. Skotts-
berg’s invitation and cogitating on the way in which I might
approach the problem, I concluded to base my observations and
records chiefly on the many plants peculiar to our region, since
endemism is “the most conspicuous feature of the flora of Cali-
fornia” (Eastwood, 1947, p. 55) and since the preservation of
California endemics must be of fundamental concern not only
to botanists but to biologists in general.

apy 3 Manual of the Flowering Plants of California by Willis Linn Jepson. Pages 1-1238;
figures 1-1023. University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles, California.

Leaflets of Western Botany, Vol. VII, pp. 257-284, August 22, 1955.

258 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. VII, NO. 11

graphic boundaries of the California flora may replace Jepson’s
political limits. Jepson, however, after stating that the total
number of endemic species is 1416, gave no analysis of this fig-
ure, so impressively large for a continental flora. Believing that
a systematic numerical analysis of endemism in California will
be of interest to students of the California flora, I am presenting
herewith what Jepson’s Manual, by means of my catalogue, has
disclosed.

In preparing my catalogue, I adhered most literally to the dis-
tributional data given by the Manual, and, except in a very few
instances, every plant has been catalogued as a California en-
demic if Jepson’s data indicate a distribution within the state
of California. Thus, I enumerate as a California endemic Po-
gogyne ziziphoroides Benth., although I know from my own
research that this mint occurs in southern Oregon (Howell, 1931,
p. 127); and I exclude from my catalogue Erogonum angulosum
Benth., to which Jepson (1923, p. 305) assigns an extended dis-
tribution through the western United States, although I myself
would recognize the plant as endemic (Howell, 1946, p. 273).
However, I exclude from the catalogue and analysis such a plant
as Botrychium Lunaria (L.) Swartz, reported by Jepson (1923,
p. 25) as having a localized California occurrence, because the
authorship of the name alone indicates a wider distribution.

Whereas Jepson states that 1416 species are endemic, the total
number of species which I have catalogued is 1440. This some-
what larger figure has perhaps been arrived at by my too literal
acceptance of distributional data as given in the Manual; but,
since in my listing I endeavored to be as objective as possible,
I did not regard it my privilege to accept or reject a name except
on the basis of the Manual’s distributional data.

Although Jepson refers many hundreds of plants (probably
in excess of 2000) to varietal status, he neither gives their total
nor does he indicate the extent of endemism found among them.
In my catalogue I have listed 1160 varieties as endemic, the
names being accepted in the same objective way in which I ac-
cepted species. In preparing my analysis of the number of vari-
eties, I have distinguished the variety that is part of an endemic
species from the variety which is part of a species not entirely
endemic.

Jepson gives no account of genera endemic to California,
probably because he felt that anyone interested in this aspect

AUGUST, 1955] CALIFORNIA ENDEMICS 259

of floristic phytogeography could peruse the pages of the Manual
and find out for himself! Abrams (1923-51), on the other hand,
has entered under each genus its general distribution, those hav-
ing restricted ranges in the Pacific states being so indicated.
Abrams, however, interprets a “California endemic” on a phyto-
geographic rather than political basis; and it is in this way that
Miss Eastwood (1947) approached the problem of endemism
among California genera. Although I regard Dr. Abrams’ and
Miss Eastwood’s approach more correct and preferable, yet in
regard to genera I here follow the political limits indicated by
Jepson for his Manual: “the region covered by this Manual, the
state of California” (1925, p. 11).

According to Jepson’s Manual, the number of genera endemic
to California is 33. This does not include such mainly Califor-
nian genera as Sequoia or Adenostoma, the first of which is re-
corded as ranging “‘to the Oregon line” (1923, p. 55), the second
“s. to L. Cal.” (1925, p. 503). However, out of the 33 genera one
would accept as California endemics in the Manual, 13 are now
known to occur beyond the state boundaries, thus leaving only
20 strictly restricted endemic genera. ‘These are as follows:

ODONTOSTOMUM Torr. LYONOTHAMNUS Gray HO.LocarPHa Greene
GILMANIA Cov.1 OREONANA Jeps. HOLozoniA Greene
(Phyllogonum Cov.) | SOLANOA Greene? Monotvopia DC.
HOLLIsTERIA Wats. Draperia Torr. NICOLLETIA Gray
TropmpocarpuM Hook. ACANTHOMINTHA Gray PHALACROSERIS Gray
SEDELLA Britt. & Rose BLENNOSPERMA Less. VENEGASIA DC.
CARPENTERIA Torr. BLEPHARIZONIA Greene =WHITNEYA Gray

The following are the genera that are known to occur beyond
California:

BLooMERIA Kell. Concponla Jeps.3 PICKERINGIA Nutt.
APHANISMA Nutt. HASSEANTHUs Rose LEMMONIA Gray
IsoMERIs Nutt. JEPSONIA Small MouaVveEa Gray
OxystyLis Torr. & Frem. OsmMARoNnIA Greene ANISOCOMA Gray

HEMIZONELLA Gray

1The genus Phyllogonum is reported from “‘southern Nevada’’ by Tidestrom (1925, p.
159), but I have seen no record to substantiate this extension of range. More than a decade
after publication of Tidestrom’s work, Coville (1936, pp. 209-213) gave a detailed account
of collections known to him, and all came from the east-central Death Valley area.

2 Solanoa, recognized as an endemic California genus both by Jepson (1939, vol. 3, p.
107) and by Abrams (1951, vol. 3, p. 374), has been reduced to a subgenus of Asclepias by
Woodson (1941, p. 207; 1954, p. 176). I concur with Woodson’s opinion.

3 Moran (1950, pp. 62, 63) has discussed the type specimen of Sedum pinetorum Bdg.
on which Congdonia rests, and after indicating that it may have originated in Mexico, con-
cludes that “‘until the plant is rediscovered . . . its occurrence in California can be con-
sidered doubtful.’’

260 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. VII, NO. 11

The following genera, not given in Jepson’s Manual, will be
umbered among those restricted to California if they are ac-
counted acceptable (as I presently believe them to be):

SEQUOIADENDRON Buchholz HETEROGAURA Rothrock OROCHAENACTIS Cov.

EcTOSPERMA Swallen CROCKERIA Greene PSEUDOBAHIA

NEOSTAPFIA Davy EAstwoopiA Brandegee (Gray) Rydb.
TRACYINA Blake

Thus it would appear that there are 29 genera endemic to Cali-
fornia (or more properly only 28, allowing for the transfer of
Solanoa to Asclepias).

In the following pages is my analysis of endemic species and
varieties arranged by family. From this it will be seen that Com-
positae are far in the lead in total number of taxa, 435, while
the following are those families with 100 or more: Leguminosae,
227; Scrophulariaceae, 170; Liliaceae, 127; Polygonaceae, 104;
and Onagraceae, 100. On the other hand, Gramineae, one of
California’s largest families, have only 43 endemic taxa.

Those genera having 20 or more endemic taxa are specially
noted under their family. In this regard Lupinus with 78 taxa
is the largest; followed by Eriogonum with 62, Astragalus with
52, Phacelia with 51, and Potentilla with 49. Astragalus with 37
species has the largest number of endemic species of any genus
in California. Carex, which is the largest genus in California,
can boast of only 24 endemic species.

Although there are notable concentrations of endemic species
in the families listed above, as well as in such other families as
Caryophyllaceae, Cruciferae, Umbelliferae, Polemoniaceae, and
others, one of the impressive features disclosed by the analysis
is the large number of families in which endemism occurs. In
all, 102 families (out of 142 treated by Jepson) are listed, 11
with only endemic varieties, but 91 with 1 or many species. Some
of those families with only one endemic species are especially
noteworthy, as for example, Taxodiaceae with Sequoiadendron
giganteum, Calycanthaceae with Calycanthus occidentalis,
Staphyleaceae with Staphylea Bolanderi, and Thymelaeaceae
with Dirca occidentalis. Several generations of botanists have
known that the California flora exhibits a high degree of endem-
ism, and the present analysis graphically portrays how that
endemism pervades the flora from the ferns to the sunflowers.

In order to facilitate the printing of the table, I have identi-

AUGUST, 1955] CALIFORNIA ENDEMICS 261
fied the figure columns by letters which may be explained as
follows:

A, number of endemic species.

B, number of varieties in endemic species (not counting
typical varieties).

C, number of endemic varieties (including typical varieties)
when entire species is not endemic.

D, total endemic taxa in each family or genus.

The figures pertaining to the tribes of Compositae and to the
genera are given in italics.

FAMILY & GENUS A B C D
Ophioglossaceae ] Zz 3
Polypodiaceae ) 3 7 19
Equisetaceae 1 S 5 2
Selaginellaceae 2 2 4
Isoetaceae 3 1 1 5
Pinaceae 8 4 12
Taxodiaceae 1 AL 1
Cupressaceae 7 2 9
Taxaceae 2 2
Naiadaceae sate gare 2 2
Alismaceae 2 way oie a
Gramineae 32 sites 11 43
Cyperaceae 29 ete 3 32

Carex 24 sisie Hae 24
Palmaceae 1 wah Fae 1
Juncaceae 5 aa 12 17
Liliaceae 83 25 19 127

Allium iy, 5) 7 29

Brodiaea 14 2) 2 A |

Calochortus 19 8 2 29
Amaryllidaceae ] ane chek 1
Iridaceae 3 aor 4 5
Orchidaceae 3 1 1 5
Salicaceae 2 2 i 21
Betulaceae Sig anak 1 1
Corylaceae rete ae ] 1
Fagaceae 8 9 10 cai

Quercus 6 8 os 23
Juglandaceae 2 2
Myricaceae 1 1
Urticaceae 1 2 3
Loranthaceae oe Sov 4 4
Aristolochiaceae 2 2

262 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. VII, NO. 11

FAMILY & GENUS A B C D
Polygonaceae 68 13 23 104
Chorizanthe Pe | Z Pee 30
Eriogonum 34 6 22 62
Chenopodiaceae 15 3 3 21
Nyctaginaceae 7 3 7 1g
Aizoaceae 1 ae Fe 1
Portulacaceae 9 Bs 3 12
Caryophyllaceae 23 8 6 37
Ranunculaceae 22 13 17 52
Delphinium a 9 2 20
Calycanthaceae ] 1
Berberidaceae 3 1 4
Papaveraceae 8 6 1] 25
Fumariaceae 4 se ee 4
Capparidaceae 3 1 ian a
Cruciferae 46 17 20 83
Streptanthus 19 7 ate 26
Crassulaceae 11 7 3 21
Saxifragaceae 26 1] iW! 54
Ribes id 7 10 28
Platanaceae 1 aie Red ]
Rosaceae 21 13 41 85
Potentilla oe 10 17 49
Leguminosae 100 ao 84 227
Astragalus 37. Ud 13 52
Lotus 10 10 vd 27,
Lupinus 26 18 34 78
Trifolium ne 9 21 41
Linaceae 6 Pate 1 7
Geraniaceae 1 1 2
Limnanthaceae 3 3
Polygalaceae ak ee 1 1
Euphorbiaceae 6 2 6 14
Callitrichaceae 1 1 1 3
Rutaceae ‘ 1 1
Anacardiaceae 3 1 4
Celastraceae mee 1 1
Staphyleaceae 1 1
Aceraceae Bee Sear 1 1
Sapindaceae 1 a4 je 1
Rhamnaceae 22 13 18 53
Ceanothus 19 10 Ee 42
Vitaceae 2 HT fete 2
Malvaceae 28 ff 1 36
Sterculiaceae 1 Sits 1 2
Hypericaceae Z aes 1 3
Elatinaceae 1 1
Frankeniaceae ats oar 1 1

AUGUST, 1955] CALIFORNIA ENDEMICS 263

FAMILY & GENUS A B C D
Cistaceae 2 1 3
Violaceae 3 2 2 7
Loasaceae 6 3 2 11
Cactaceae 9 3 scald 12
Thymelaeaceae 1 Se see 1
Lythraceae z once 2
Onagraceae 39 24 37 100

Godetia 14 8 14 36
Oenothera 6 5 15 26
Umbelliferae 61 17 i7/ 95
Lomatium 1B 8 3 26
Garryaceae * 3 ane 1 4
Cornaceae 2 Bae: 2 4
Lennoaceae 1 oe ae 1
Ericaceae 23 7 2 32
Arctostaphylos ne 6 25
Primulaceae 5 3 3 11
Plumbaginaceae chs aay 2 2
Styracaceae 2 2
Oleaceae 1 Ae Hee I
Gentianaceae 8 Ser 2 10
Apocynaceae 1 1 2 4
Asclepiadaceae 3 1 4
Convolvulaceae 10 9 19
Polemoniaceae 56 23 10 89
Gilia 10 Fi 4 21
Linanthus 19 6 25
Hydrophyllaceae 50 11 23 84
Phacelia 30 4 17 51
Boraginaceae 50 23 7 80
Allocarya 19 10 i 30
Verbenaceae 1 ste a 1
Labiatae 56 26 10 92
Monardella vi, 16 4 37
Solanaceae 7 3 eo 10
Scrophulariaceae 101 32 37 170
Collinsia 11 3 6 20
Mimulus 19 1 b |
Orthocarpus 15 3 sd 27
Penstemon 15 z 9 31
Martyniaceae 1 Seer ou 1
Orobanchaceae 2 aah 3 5
Plantaginaceae 5 2 fi
Rubiaceae 11 4 2 17
Caprifoliaceae 2 2 4
Valerianaceae 4 et 1 5
Cucurbitaceae 5 1 6

264 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. VII, NO. 11

FAMILY & GENUS A B C D
Campanulaceae 3 ae 1 4
Lobeliaceae 8 1 5 14
Compositae 229 85 121 435

Cichorieae a7 12 19 58
Mutisieae 1 me a 1
Eupatorieae 2 ie 2 4
Astereae bp] 25 45 125
Inuleae 9 3 10 22
Heliantheae 21 6 1 28
Madieae 42 17 5) 64
Ambrosieae 3 oF Pe 5]
Helenieae 55) HS) 16 66
Eriophyllum 4 9 22
Anthemideae 3 Siete z 5
Senecioneae 20 5) 16 39
Senecio 13 2 10 25
Cynareae 11 4 3} 18
TOTAL 1440 493 667 2600

REFERENCES

ABRAMS, L. 1923-1951. An Illustrated Flora of the Pacific States. Vol. 1-3.
Stanford University, California.

Covitte, F. V. 1936. Gilmania, a new name for Phyllogonum. . . . Journ.
Wash. Acad. Sci. 26:209-213.

Eastwoop, A. 1947. Endemism in the flora of California. Contrib. Gray
Herb. 165:55-62.

Howe Lt, J. T. 1931. The genus Pogogyne. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., ser. IV, 20:
105-128.
1946. Eriogonum angulosum and related species. Leafl. West. Bot. 4:270-
279.

Jerson, W. L. 1923-1925. A Manual of the Flowering Plants of California.
Berkeley, California.
1939. Asclepiadaceae in A Flora of California 3:104-116. Berkeley, Cali-

fornia.

Moran, R. 1950. Whence Sedum pinetorum Brandegee? Leafl. West. Bot.
6:62-63.

Tiwestrom, I. 1925. Flora of Utah and Nevada. Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb.
25:1-665.

Woopnson, R. E. 1941. The North American Asclepiadaceae. I. Perspective
of the genera. Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 28:193-244.
1951. The North American species of Asclepias L. Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard.
41:1-211.

AUGUST, 1955] HYBRIDS IN ARCTOSTAPHYLOS 265

SOME PUTATIVE CALIFORNIA HYBRIDS
IN ARCTOSTAPHYLOS

BY JOHN THOMAS HOWELL

1. WiTH ARCTOSTAPHYLOS SENSITIVA

On Feb. 28, 1954, while walking along the fire road on Throck-
morton Ridge, Mt. Tamalpais, Marin Co., I was attracted by a
shrub growing in a thicket of Arctostaphylos (Schizococcus) sen-
sitiva Jeps. that looked slightly different from the other plants
with which it was closely associated. An examination disclosed
that the individual was undoubtedly a hybrid between A. sensi-
tiva and the very different and quite unrelated A. Cushingiana
Eastw. which grew on the other side of the road. No other plant
like the presumed hybrid has been found, either at the place
where it was growing or at many other places on Mt. ‘Tamalpais
where the putative parent species grow together.

The plant which I detected is quite like A. sensitiva in its
substrictly erect habit, in the shape, color, and texture of its
leaves, and in its small corollas. It also corresponds with A.
sensitiva in the non-foliaceous bracts of its inflorescence and in
the closely appressed sepals, while the examination of the base
of its trunk disclosed no burl such as is formed in A. Cushingi-
ana. On the other hand, the plant is like A. Cushingiana in the
fine pilose hairs that clothe the branchlets, petioles, and in-
florescence-rachises, in the hairy pedicels, in the presence of
stomata on the upper leaf-surface, and, most important of all,
in its 5-merous (not 4-merous) flowers. Subsequent examination
indicated that no fruit was set in 1954. Although there is no
close relation between this Mt. Tamalpais hybrid and A. Ed-
mundsit J. T. Howell of Monterey Co., it is interesting to note
that in the superficial aspect of foliage and in the size and shape
of leaves, the two kinds of manzanitas are almost indistinguish-
able.

2. WiTH ARCTOSTAPHYLOS NUMMULARIA

The discovery of a supposed hybrid between a species of Arc-
tostaphylos proper and a member of the group separated by Miss
Eastwood as the genus Schizococcus has led me to look for other
putative hybrids between species of the two groups. The earliest
record I know of in the literature is the one reported by Miss
Eastwood between Schizococcus nummularius (Gray) Eastw. and
A. setosissima Eastw., based on Eastwood 11458, collected June

266 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. VII, NO. 11

28, 1922, at Mendocino City, Mendocino Co. She described
the apparent hybrid as follows: “It has the small leaves and
habit of S. nummularius but the hairy stems and pubescence of
A. setosissima. The few fruits on the specimens are those of
Schizococcus and contain five seeds” (Leafl. West. Bot. 2:50,—
1937).

An examination of Miss Eastwood’s specimen discloses a
plant intermediate in appearance between A. nummularia and
A. setosissima, with the pubescence, leaf-texture, and stomatal
pattern of the latter, but with smaller and broader leaves. ‘The
size and shape of the leaves are reminiscent of small-leaved forms
of A. columbiana Piper, a species from which A. setosissima is
probably at most only varietally distinct. The inflorescence of
the Mendocino hybrid is more like that of A. setosissima, but it
is reduced in all its parts, and the fruit is also much smaller. The
flower-pattern, however, is that of A. nummularia, the flowers
being 4-merous.

3. WiTH ARCTOSTAPHYLOS NISSENANA

From the Sierra Nevada near Placerville, Eldorado Co., I re-
corded, in 1936, the occurrence of an apparent hybrid between
A. (Schizococcus) nissenana C. H. Merriam and A. viscida Parry
when I published the first description of the flowers and fruits
of the former (Leafl. West. Bot. 1: 234). This probable hybrid,
which has been recollected at the same station by G. Thomas
Robbins (No. 1483), is very like A. viscida in general appearance,
differing chiefly in the pubescence and in the somewhat smaller
leaves, as well as in the pubescent ovary.

While there can be little doubt that this viscida-like shrub
represents a plant that originated through hybridization be-
tween A. nissenana and A. viscida, Jepson (FI. Calif. 3: 38) sug-
gests that the type of A. nissenana itself may have originated
through hybridization between A. viscida and what he has des-
ignated as A. nissenana var. arcana. Jepson’s suggestion may be
correct, particularly if Robbins 1838 is typical A. nissenana, as
Robbins has determined it. This specimen of Robbins, collected
on Fruit Ridge, 3 miles east of Placerville, is noted as having
been “‘a solitary plant amongst a dense stand of A. viscida,” and,
although it appears to have the technical characters associated
with Ad. nissenana, it has the larger paler leaves of A. viscida.
Further field work will be needed to establish the exact charac-

AUGUST, 1955] HYBRIDS IN ARCTOSTAPHYLOS 267

ter of A. nissenana, but it now appears likely that its type may
have been from a plant of hybrid origin.
4. WITH ARCTOSTAPHYLOS MYRTIFOLIA

In May, 1954, I went to the chaparral-covered hills between
Ione and Buena Vista, Amador Co., to search for A. Helleri
Eastw., because, it occurred to me, that it, too, might be a plant
of hybrid origin, with A. myrtifolia Parry as one parent. Arcto-
staphylos Helleri has been known only from the type-collec-
tion, Heller 15859, found in bud and early bloom on Jan. 29,
1941, about 3 miles southeast of Ione, “in a very dense growth
of other manzanitas, especially A. viscida Parry.” In the field, I
thought that I had succeeded when I discovered a shrub with
slender branches, small leaves, and small fruits, growing in the
midst of A. viscida; but back in the Academy, a comparison of
my Ione plant with the type of A. Helleri showed that I did not
have that plant. My plant was quite like A. viscida in all char-
acters except size and delicacy of parts, while A. Helleri, also
a plant with slender branches and small leaves, differed in im-
portant details of pubescence as well as in general aspect. How-
ever, I believe that my Ione plant may represent a hybrid be-
tween A. viscida and A. myrtifolia, both of which were com-
mon in the immediate vicinity.

On the other hand, I still believe that A. Helleri may be a
plant that originated through hybridization, not between A.
myrtifolia and A. visicida, but perhaps between A. myrtifolia
and A. Manzanita Parry, the other widespread species found in
the Ione hills. Although an unusual area like that which is adja-
cent to Ione could boast a second endemic manzanita as remark-
able as A. myrtifolia, yet the fact that A. Helleri has been seen
growing only once causes one to consider critically the possible
character of its specificity.

As Miss Eastwood has pointed out in her original descrip-
tion, A. Helleri seems to be related to such Coast Range species
as A. Hookeri G. Don, A. franciscana Eastw., and A. densiflora
M. S. Baker, three small-leaved species that in turn are closely
related to the larger-leaved A. Manzanita of Coast Range and
Sierra foothills. The type of A. Helleri discloses a plant that
resembles A. Manzanita in shape and texture of leaves, longer
internodes, glabrous or slightly pubescent stems and leaves,
finely ciliate bracts and bractlets, and very sparsely hairy ovary.
The type resembles A. myrtifolia in the slender branches, small

268 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. VII, NO. 11

leaves, and small corollas. With little persuasion, I can readily
believe that the larger, coarser structures of A. Manzanita could
be reduced and minimized by the genetic infiltration of myrtt-
folia-like delicacy, so as to produce just such a creation as A.
Helleri. Would that I could see it—a provocative plant that must
yet be rediscovered and studied as it grows!

PLANT NOTES FROM NAPA COUNTY,
CALIFORNIA

BY PETER H. RAVEN

During the past few years, I collected somewhat extensively
in Napa County, California, and, since the collection has been
recently mounted and added to the Herbarium of the Cali-
fornia Academy of Sciences, I would like to report here on some
of the more interesting plants. The numbers in parentheses are
my field numbers. In most cases, the collections will simply be
mentioned in order to supply additional records for plants
which have not been reported too often from this area.

INTRODUCED OR WEEDY PLANTS

ELODEA CANADENSIS Michx. In a pool near Conn Creek east
of Yountville (4/10), where it probably represents a local escape
from cultivation.

HELEOCHLOA SCHOENOIDES (L.) Host. Common on the strand
of the reservoir in Conn Valley (3936). Also seen along Eticuera
Creek on October 28, 1951. Spreading in similar situations in in-
terior northern California.

LEERSIA ORYZOIDES (L.) Swartz. Banks of Conn Creek east of
Yountville (5175). It may be native or introduced at this station.

Poa BuLBosa L. Grassland of a small pasture in the hills along
Tulucay Creek, elevation about 750 feet (5280). Common in
Lake County just to the north; seemingly becoming more com-
mon throughout California.

SPINACIA OLERACEA L. The garden spinach was found as a
local escape from cultivation along the streets of Napa (3038).
It was not well established here.

HERNIARIA CINEREA DC. Dry hillside in the “crater region’
east of Mt. St. Helena (2911).

AUGUST, 1955] NOTES FROM NAPA COUNTY 269

DELPHINIUM Ajacis L. Waste places about Napa (3007);
near a farm on the road between Capell Valley and Wooden
Valley (3092). It seems to become established near where it is
planted, but does not appear capable of assuming a competitive
status in the native vegetation.

DESCURAINIA SOPHIA (L.) Webb. Weed along the railroad
tracks at Yountville (5361).

LunariA ANNUA L. A vigorous colony along the highway just
south of Calistoga (2032). This colony was examined in 1950,
when the collection was made, and again in 1953, when it was
found to be quite persistent.

PRUNUS CERASIFERA Ehrh. Occasionally spreading by under-
ground parts, as along the road between Napa and Browns Val-
ley (3012). This widely cultivated plum is but one of a series of
fruit trees which sometimes tend to become established near
orchards where they are planted. They do not seem to be an
important factor in the flora.

VICIA SALAMINIA Heldr. & Sart., vel aff. Near a small farm,
near the top of the Wooden Valley Grade (3063). This is the
plant discussed by J. T. Howell (Marin Flora, p. 177-8). It seems
close to the plant described under this name by Boissier (Flora
Orientalis 2:591), but without authentic material of the species
for comparison, it is not possible definitely to identify our Cali-
fornian plant.

‘TAMARIX TETRANDRA Pallas. Established along Eticuera Creek
(3952). This is probably the plant cited by Jepson (FI. Calif.
2:513) as T. gallica from White Sulphur Creek, Napa County,
and is the plant naturalized along Putah Creek in the valley east
of Middletown, Lake County (M. S. Baker 8129). For a discus-
sion of the cultivated species of Tamarix, see the article by Miss
E. McClintock: “Studies in California Ornamental Plants. 3.
The Tamarisks” (Journ. Calif. Hort. Soc. 12:76-83,—1951).

OLEA EUROPAEA L. Often seen in Napa County in brush or
woodland miles from any present-day buildings, and thus per-
haps spread by birds. Unless one were familiar with the local
flora, it would be impossible to tell whether these plants are
native or not, in many cases.

LycIuUM HALIMIFOLIUM Mill. Common weed in vacant lots
around Napa (3885).

LYCOPERSICUM ESCULENTUM Mill. The common tomato is
found abundantly established in some places near farms, as in

270 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. VI, NO. 11

a roadside ditch 1.5 miles east of Yountville (5170), where it was
both common and rank.

PETUNIA VIOLACEA Lindl. Occasionally established in the vicin-
ity of gardens, as at Lokoya (3848) and about Napa.

Kickx1A spuRIA (L.) Dumort. This plant was found to be one
of the most common weeds of Napa County, occurring through-
out Napa and Berryessa valleys, and also found in the vicinity
of Wooden and Capel] valleys. Representative collections: Conn
Creck 3 miles east of Rutherford (2809); 1 mile north of Napa
(1094).

CALENDULA ARVENSIS L. Roadside in Browns Valley (3014).
This has been known in California as a wild plant only from
Sonoma and Santa Barbara counties. Calendula officinalis L. is
common in gardens and persists as a weed in waste places in
Napa County.

Recorps OF NATIVE PLANTS

Ecuinoporus corpiro.ius (L.) Griseb. Common on strand of
reservoir in Conn Valley (3934).

STIPA CERNUA Stebbins & Love. Dry hillside on Pope Creek
east of Samuels Springs, elevation about 300 feet (5332, with G.
Ledyard Stebbins). Growing with S. pulchra Hitchce., but that
species preferred the better soil while the present one grew in
rocky places, although they were often in close proximity. In S.
cernua the leaf-blades were narrow, glaucous, and somewhat in-
volute, and the plants had not yet sent forth fully developed
panicles on April 19, 1953. The plants of S. pulchra, on the
other hand, had wider, greener leaf-blades and were in full an-
thesis on this date. Stipa lepida Hitche. grew on the rocky,
wooded slopes high above the creek, several hundred feet above
the other two.

Juncus ENnsirouius Wiks. “Crater region” east of Mt. St. Hel-
ena, June 10, 1951 (without number). This station helps to con-
nect that in the Mt. Hamilton Range (cf. H. K. Sharsmith, Am.
Midl. Nat. 34:331,—1945) with those to the north.

ERIOGONUM UMBELLATUM ‘Torr. subsp. STELLATUM (Benth.)
Stokes. Brushy slope in “crater region’ east of Mt. St. Helena
(2932).

Guinus LorowEs Loefl. Fairly common on the strand of the
reservoir in Conn Valley (3931) with Ammannia coccinea Rottb.,
(3939) and Boisduvalia glabella (Nutt.) Walp. var. campestris

(Jeps.) Jeps. (3940).

AUGUST, 1955] NOTES ON MALVACEAE 271

PHACELIA NEMORALIS Greene. Wooded, moist slope near Rec-
tor Dam (4154).

CorDYLANTHUS MOLLIS Gray. Colonies in low places with Sali-
cornia and Distichlis, salt marshes near Bentley Wharf, on the
lower Napa River (5138).

EciiptaA ALBA Hassk. Locally common on the strand of the
reservoir in Conn Valley (3947).

NOTES ON MALVACEAE VI
BY THOMAS H. KEARNEY

Hibiscus Hitchcockii Ulbr., spec. nov. Frutex usque ad 1.4 m. altus; ramis
juvenilibus, foliis, pedunculis, involucellis, et calycibus minute stellato-
tomentosis; foliorum Jaminis suborbicularibus, breviter 3-5-lobatis, lobis
latis, rotundatis, parce crenatis, laminis basi subcordatis vel truncatis, apice
obtusissimis, paulo discoloribus; pedunculis usque ad 9.5 cm. longis; involu-
cello quam calyce breviore vel subaequilongo, phyllis 8 vel 9 composito,
phyllis distinctis, conduplicativis, ¢ basi subcylindrico in laminam ovatam,
breviter acuminatam, fere 10 mm. Jatam expansis; calyce campanulato,
profunde partito, lobis lanceolatis vel ovato-lanceolatis, attenuato-acumina-
tis, valde 5-nervatis, eglandulosis; petalis suberectis, roseis, 6-7 cm. longis;
tubo stamineo quam stylo multum breviore; stylo clongato, ramis brevibus,
clavatis; capsula ovoidea, 2-2.5 cm. longa, calycem aequanti vel paulo
breviore, valvis valde cuspidatis, extus puberulis fere lepidotis; seminibus
dense lanatis.

Additional characters to be noted are: stems sparingly branched above;
leaves (only the uppermost preserved) with petioles about 4 as long as the
blades, the latter at least 11 cm. long, slightly wider than long, with or
without a shallow, open, basal sinus, rather sparsely pubescent then glab-
rescent above, densely and finely stellate-tomentose beneath; flowers solitary
in the upper axils or subcorymbosely clustered at apex of the stem and
branches; involucel-bractlets 12-18 mm. long, thickish, the conduplicate
blade much longer than the nearly cylindric, stalk-like, basal portion; calyx
at anthesis 19-22 mm. long, only slightly accrescent, cleft nearly to the base,
the acuminate thickish lobes without a gland on the midrib; corolla funnel-
form-campanulate, the petals scurfy-puberulent externally; stamen-tube
about % as long as the style, the latter shorter than the petals; capsule-valves
very sharp-pointed, the rigid cusps about 4 mm. Jong, the capsules sparsely
villous within on the dissepiments with long, fine, simple hairs; seeds (im-
mature) about 6 mm. Jong.

Type, in the Gray Herbarium, collected by A. S. Hitchcock
(No, 20114) between Guyaquil and Salinas, Prov. Guayas, Ecua-
dor, lat. about 2°S., alt. 0-100 m., June, 1923, a specimen with
an old flower and nearly mature capsules. Also collected by H.
E. Stork (Goodspeed Exped. No. 11421, in University of Cali-

Zhe LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. VII, NO. 11

fornia and Gray herbaria) between Canchaque and Serran,
Depto. Piura, Prov. Huancabamba, Peru, lat. about 5°S., alt.
450 m., in alluvial soil in “shrubwood,” April 6, 1939, reported
common, specimens with flowers only. The species is known only
by these two collections.

This very distinct species was named but apparently never
published by the late Prof. Dr. E. Ulbrich. The Stork collection
was identified by Ivan M. Johnston. Hibiscus Hitchcocki dif-
fers from any other species of Hibiscus known to me in the shape
of the leaves, which is not unlike that of certain species of Pelar-
gonium. The characters of the involucel suggest relationship to
H. sororius L. f., which was placed by Hochreutiner in his re-
vision of Hibiscus (Ann. Conserv. et Jard. Bot. Genéve 4:166,
167) in his section Spatula, but he characterized this section as
having glabrous seeds. Hibiscus Hitchcockii, however, differs
from H. sororius in many characters, some of which may be sum-
marized as follows:

H. HitTcHcocki

H. sororius

Leaves: Shallowly 3-5-lobed with Not lobed, at most slightly
broad, rounded lobes, mar- angulate, margin crenulate
gin sparingly crenate

Stems: Minutely stellate-tomen- Stellate-hirsutulous
tose

Bractlets Two-thirds as long as to Less than half as long as

of involucel: nearly equaling the calyx, the calyx, the subcylindric
somewhat gradually ex- stalk abruptly dilated in-
panded from the subcylin- _ to a rounded, subreniform
dric stalk into a much blade, this shorter than the
longer, ovate, acuminate _ stalk
blade

Calyx-lobes: Attenuate-acuminate Obtuse or acutish

Petals: 6-7 cm. long 3.5-6 cm. long

Capsules: Scurfy-puberulent exter- Hirsute externally
nally

Seeds: Densely lanate Minutely tuberculate, oth-

erwise glabrous

Froria, Mattei. This genus was published by G. E. Mattei in

1917 (Bol. R. Orto Bot. Palermo, n. s. 2:68—74). It corresponds
with Garcke’s Section Pterocarpus of Hibiscus, which was char-
acterized by Hochreutiner in his revision of that genus (Ann.
Conserv. et Jardin Bot. Genéve 4:168—171) as having 5-angulate-
alate, scarious capsules. Mattei (ibid.) in raising this section to
the status of a genus, observed (translated): Intermediate be-
tween Hibiscus and Kosteletzkya, agreeing with the former in

AUGUST, 1955] NOTES ON MALVACEAE Zh5

having several ovules in each locule of the ovary (but with occa-

sional reduction to one seed by abortion), and with the latter in

having the carpels disarticulating at maturity. He summarized

the characters of these related genera as follows (translated):

1. Valves of the fruit not separating from the receptacle, and forming a true
capsule with polyspermous locules:, 3 i).6 2 2.(2.)c.)ie ei. ses 2 ote Hipiscus

1. Valves separating from the receptacle, not forming a capsule, the locules
oligospermous or monospermous (2).

2. Fruit not or scarcely depressed, glabrescent, the valves high-alate laterally,
the locules oligospermous! or rarely by abortion monospermous....

2. Fruit strongly depressed-orbicular or 5-lobate, hispid at least on the
angles, the valves not or only slightly alate, the locules always mono-
SOSMINOUS Bb oon de s5 bono dae cooeeeurocen ao odmonach a KOSTELETZKYA

Three species were included by Hochreutiner (ibid.) in Hibis-
cus sect. Pterocarpus: H. vitifolius L., H. dictyocarpus (Hochst.)
Webb, and H. purpureus Forsk. The first two were transferred
by Mattei (ibid.) to Fioria as F. vitifolia (L.) Mattei and F. dic-
tyocarpa (Hochst.) Mattei. He did not mention Hibiscus pur-
pureus but included Fioria pavonioides (Fiori) Mattei.

All of these are Old World indigenes. Fioria vitifolia is widely
distributed in tropical Asia, Africa, and Australia, and is nat-
uralized in several West Indian islands — Cuba, Hispaniola,
Jamaica, etc. — perhaps also in Central America. The West In-
dian plants were placed by Hochreutiner (ibid., p. 169) in his
var. genuinus forma americanus, characterized by aculeate stems,
etc. Mattei placed them in forma americana (Hochr.) Mattei.
It is doubtful, however, that “americana” should be regarded
as more than a geographical race. ‘The other species of Fioria
are of much more restricted distribution, in eastern Africa and
Arabia.

The carpel-wings were considered by Mattei as aids to dis-
semination by wind. Hochreutiner (Candollea 2:87-90), who
did not accept Fioria as a genus, regarded them as functioning
primarily to promote dehiscence. Whatever, if any, the bio-
logical function of the wings may be, the structure and texture
of the fruit in Fiorza is strikingly different from that typical of
Hibiscus. In F. vitifolia, the only species I have had opportunity
to examine, the conspicuous, scarious, strongly veined wings,
these widening to the apex, afford a character which, on morpho-
logical grounds, would seem to justify maintaining Fioria as a
genus.

Cra Nestea bine! stated, however, that in F. vitifolia (ibid., p. 72) the locules are ‘‘5—6-

spermis.”” The distinction he made between Fioria and Kosteletzkya in regard to pubescence
of the fruits is unimportant.

274 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. VII, NO. 11

A TENTATIVE KEY TO THE NORTH
AMERICAN SPECIES OF HIBISCUS, L.

BY THOMAS H. KEARNEY

Panama and the West Indies are included. The key is an arti-
ficial one and juxtaposition of species does not necessarily indi-
cate close relationship. The segregate genera Abelmoschus,
Medic. and Fioria, Mattei, the latter based upon Hibiscus vitt-
folius L., are excluded. Synonyms are given in the notes at the
end of the key. Note 1.

1. Flowers (as described) dioecious. Plants shrubby or arborescent; leaves
nearly glabrous, up to 10 cm. long and 74 as wide, elliptic-lanceolate,
rounded at base, sharply acuminate, serrate-dentate; flowers borne
singly or in small clusters in the axils; involucel shorter than the
calyx, of 5 or 6 subulate bractlets; calyx thin and petal-like, 5-lobed
nearly to the base; petals of the staminate flowers pale greenish-
yellow, about 9 mm. long, the short claws conspicuously long-ciliate;
stamens in 5 fascicles at apex of the column, the filaments consider-
ably longer than the anthers, these appearing 2-celled; pistillate
flowers apparently apetalous, the thin calyx persistent, somewhat
longer than the nearly globular, sparsely pubescent capsule; seeds
(immature) 2 in each carpel, long-hairy; styles and stigmas unknown.
Mexico (VerasGriz)) crc. tee crs H. Purpusii T. 8. Brandeg. Note 2

1. Flowers perfect (2).

2. Plants arborescent or (usually large) shrubs, litoral; leaves large, broadly
ovate or suborbicular, often wider than long, coriaceous, discolorous,
abruptly and shortly acuminate, deeply cordate at base, the margins
entire or finely crenulate. Bractlets of the involucel 8 or more, united
below; flowers large, the petals yellow when fresh (3).

2. Plants not arborescent and litoral, or the leaves otherwise (4).

3. Petals usually less than 8 cm. long, fading greenish; calyx and involucel
persistent in fruit; seeds minutely warty, otherwise glabrous. South-
ern Florida, West Indies, and southern Mexico to South America;
Old World Wxapics sis 252 it.'s.a «sloping es H. tiliaceus L. Note 3

3. Petals 9-11 cm. long, fading deep red; calyx and involucel usually de-
ciduous; seeds villous. West Indies and perhaps in southern Florida. .
Brak AAAS i tee Be SOS G ESS & rv '....H. elatus Sw. Note 4

4. Mature leaves (some or all of them except sometimes in H. cannabinus)
palmately lobed to far below the middle, or parted (5).

4, Mature leaves (except sometimes in H. bifurcatus, H. diversifolius, and
H. furcellatus) not lobed or less deeply so (11).

5. Fruiting calyx bladder-like, greatly inflated, enclosing the capsule, scar-
ious or thin-membranous, conspicuously nerved. Plants annual; leaves
mostly 3-5-parted, the divisions deeply incised, commonly wedge-
shaped; bractlets subulate, hirsute; petals 2-4 cm. long, yellow or
yellowish with a dark brown or purple basal spot. Escaped or nat-

AUGUST, 1955] NORTH AMERICAN HIBISCUS 275

uralized here and there in the United States, from the Old World....
Te RR Ta ee i ites ea oe ee tale S Pom Se Moss H. Trionum L.
5. Fruiting calyx otherwise (6).

6. Calyx (especially in fruit) with conspicuously thickened nerves and
margins. Plants herbaceous; bractlets sometimes appendaged or
bifurcate at apex. Species introduced from the Old World, scarcely
naturalized (7).

6. Calyx (except in H. aculeatus) with only moderately thickened nerves
and margins. Native species (8).

7.Involucel and calyx becoming fleshy and dark red or purple; herbage
glabrous or nearly so; leaf-lobes serrulate or crenulate; calyx-hairs
soft and fine, not conspicuously pustular-based; corolla yellow........
Beef Seats a taia aay state aise spayara tee ais eiatens vesicia sera H. Sabdariffa L. Note 5

7. Involucel and calyx not becoming fleshy, remaining green; herbage often
more or less hispid; leaf-lobes coarsely toothed; calyx-hairs stiff, from
a conspicuously pustular base; corolla yellow or occasionally red,

With a Gan ke: GCM yc. 2ie.dcte o.<.s0d «eieuoetoretorevae H. cannabinus L. Note 6
8. Herbage glabrous; petals red, long-clawed, 7 cm. or longer. A tall peren-
nial herb. Southeastern United States...... H. coccineus Walt. Note 7

8. Herbage roughly pubescent; petals yellow or cream-colored, often with a
red or purple basal spot, short-clawed. Bractlets and calyx hirsute or
hispid (9).

9. Bractlets bifurcate, thick and rigid, hispid with pustular-based hairs, as
is the thick calyx; petals 5-8 cm. long; capsules hirsute; seeds glab-
rous. Leaves mostly 3-5-lobed or -parted, the lobes oblanceolate-
cuneate, coarsely few-toothed. Southeastern United States west to
Souehicastent Wexas' 22 oe. . wee ats oes Bye: H. aculeatus Walt. Note 8

9. Bractlets entire, subulate; petals not more than 4.5 cm. long; capsules
glabrous; seeds long-hairy (10).

10. Stems distinctly woody above the caudex, evenly strigose with forked
hairs; seeds completely hairy. Western Texas to southern Arizona
PARE ICRICN She ae Gon Sal eS s ya a ees H. Coulteri Harv. Note 9

10. Stems scarcely woody above the caudex, typically finely pubescent in 1 or
2 lines, also hispid with simple or forked hairs; seeds naked or nearly
so in the center. Southern Arizona and northern Mexico, perhaps
SO MESO WESLEME: WERAS 5 7016.0 51s sacs c's.a's 3 wear H. biseptus S. Wats.

11. Bractlets bifurcate, sometimes very unequally or obsoletely so. Plants
usually shrubs; calyx-lobes with a more or less conspicuous median
gland; petals 5-9 cm. long, pink to crimson (12).

11. Bractlets not bifurcate (14).

12.Stems aculeate-verrucose and usually hispid with long, spreading or
retrorse simple hairs; leaves commonly 3-5-lobed, often to below the
middle, serrate. Bractlets and calyx hirsute or hispid with long, sim-
ple hairs. West Indies and Mexico to South America ...............
BE a eh eStats rete ee pee tee Seer ahs Ah H. bifurcatus Cav. Note 10

12. Stems not aculeate but exceptionally more or less setose in H. furcellatus;
leaves not lobed or shallowly (rarely deeply) angulate-lobed (13).

13. Herbage usually velutinous with very short stellate hairs, occasionally
also sparsely setose; bractlets shallowly bifurcate; petals 7-9 cm.

276 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _[VOL. VII, NO. 11

long. Leaves narrowly ovate to suborbicular. Florida, West Indies,
and southern Mexico to South America...H. furcellatus Desr. Note 11

13. Herbage rather sparsely hispid with simple or stellate hairs; bractlets
deeply bifurcate; petals 5-6.5 cm. long. Cuba, southern Mexico, and
Central VA menicaiins toss syevsdate sirens avers ore ey eaah aera H. costatus A. Rich.

14. Involucel-bractlets terete, dilated abruptly at apex into a broad, more or
less reniform blade. Plants suffrutescent to shrubby; stems hirsutulous
with short, stellate hairs; leaves broadly ovate to suborbicular, cor-
date at base, obtuse, shallowly crenate; calyx much longer than the
involucel, with broad, obtuse or acutish lobes; petals erect, 3.5-6 cm.
long, purple. Cuba, Central America; South America ..............
LNatids ats ints ONIe waite areca a anit yea Mole murba cuek H. sororius L. £. Note 12

14. Involucel-bractlets not so dilated (15).

15. Corolla (in H. Eggersii?) tubular or funnelform, the petals erect or spread-
ing only near apex (16).

15. Corolla campanulate or funnelform-campanulate, the petals spreading
from well below the apex. Note 13 (29).

16. Herbage and calyx aculeate (17).

16. Herbage and calyx not aculeate (19).

17. Aculei relatively sparse and short, thick, flattened at base; calyx tubular,
4—5 cm. long at anthesis, shortly dentate, very accrescent, up to 13 cm.
long in fruit; petals yellow, about twice as long as the calyx at an-
thesis. Leaves suborbicular, up to at least 25 cm. long and wide, cor-
date, coarsely and sharply dentate, sometimes shallowly 5—7-lobed;
flowers solitary or geminate; peduncles at anthesis 1-3 cm. long;
bractlets 7-10, lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, much shorter than the
calyx. Costa Rica; northwestern South America....... H. ferox Hook.

17. Aculei very numerous, relatively slender, up to 8 mm. long, terete; calyx
campanulate, about 3 cm. long, the lobes 4% to nearly 14 as long as
the tube; petals pink, about 3 times as long as the calyx. Leaves sub-
orbicular, 5—7-angulate or shallowly lobed, deeply cordate, irregu-
larly sinuate-dentate; androecium nearly equaling to longer than the
corolla; mature fruit apparently unknown. Hispaniola (18).

18. Branches soft-pubescent with stellate hairs; leaves up to nearly 30 cm.
long; peduncles 3-7 cm. long; bractlets narrow, distinct; androecium
equaling or slightly shorter than the corolla....... H. horridus Urban

18. Branches glabrescent except for the aculei; leaves up to 14 cm. long;
peduncles 11-28 cm. long; bractlets broad, more or less connate; an-
droecium longer than the corolla .............. H. hottensis Helwig

19. Bractlets spatulate, much shorter than the calyx (20).

19. Bractlets not spatulate but sometimes narrowly oblanceolate (23).

20. Leaves deltoid-lanceolate, long-acuminate, rounded or truncate at base;
corolla red, 2 cm. long; androecium exserted. Bractlets about 3 mm.
wide. Mexico! (Oaxaca), \« 3.0/6 <cisicn buh cial oye H. Nelsoni Rose & Standl.

20. Leaves ovate or broader, acute or shortly acuminate; corolla pink or
purple; androecium not or barely exserted (21).

21. Stems conspicuously and densely hispid-tomentose with longish, forked
or stellate hairs; leaves more or less quadrate, commonly 3-5-angu-
late or very shallowly lobed, cordate at base, 10-20 cm. long, often

AUGUST, 1955] NORTH AMERICAN HIBISCUS 277

wider than long; bractlets 3-4 mm. wide; seeds puberulent. Panama;
northern South America ......... H. verbasciformis Klotzsch. Note 14

21. Stems not conspicuously pubescent, the hairs relatively short; leaves ovate,
not or rarely angulate or lobed, truncate or cordate at base, not more
than 10 cm. long; bractlets narrower; seeds covered with long silky
hairs. Petals somewhat more spreading than in the 5 preceding spe-
cies (22).

22. Peduncles not or but little longer than the subtending petioles; corolla
2.54 cm. long. West Indies (Jamaica), Mexico, and perhaps in Central

“cts cc AUS PERE BO) Pn eis et eee Re ay oe H. lavateroides Moric.
22. Peduncles much longer than the subtending petioles; corolla about 4 cm.
long. Honduras, E] Salvador ............ H. longipes Standl. Note 15

23. Androecium exserted; corolla glabrous externally. Bractlets subulate or
very narrowly oblanceolate; leaves ovate-lanceolate to broadly ovate,
obtuse to acuminate, coarsely crenate-dentate, sometimes subhastately
lobed; corolla red; seeds with long, silky hairs. Southern Florida, West
Indies, Mexico, Guatemala ...H. pilosus (Sw.) Fawc. & Rendl. Note 16

23. Androecium not exserted; corolla (in H. Eggersii?) pubescent externally,
mostly with forked or stellate hairs (24).

24. Plants herbaceous; corolla about 3 cm. long, about twice as long as the
calyx, dark red. Herbage rather densely stellate-pubescent; leaves
broadly ovate, cordate, acutish at apex, dentate; involucel somewhat
shorter than the calyx, the bractlets about 8, lanceolate, united about
Y4 of their length. Mexico (Nayarit) ............ H. anisaster Stand].

24. Plants shrubby or arborescent; corolla 3.5 cm. or longer. Leaves broadly
ovate or suborbicular, mostly cordate with an open sinus; flowers
solitary in the axils; peduncles stout; calyx cylindric-campanulate at
anthesis, much longer than the involucel, very pubescent, the lobes
broad; capsules hirsute or sericeous (25).

25. Leaves up to 20 (25?) cm. long, angulate or slightly 3-lobed; petals yellow,
_ fading reddish or brownish, 4-6 cm. long, very thick. Herbage velu-
tinous; peduncles commonly 5-10 cm. long; bractlets 9-11, linear-lan-
ceolate, 2-5 mm. wide at base; seeds glabrous. West Indies, Mexico,
Re REAR IEPA 5-5 o's ee! e's whablone: Myois hye) ahaiSinj itinyny bas & H. clypeatus L. Note 17
25. Leaves up to 12 cm. long, more deeply 3-5-lobed; petals brown, dull red,
or purple (26).
26. Peduncles about | cm. long, not articulated. Herbage stellate-tomentose
or tomentellous; petals 5 cm. long, brown-violet. Hispaniola ........
ADRS SE Eas Se Peto oe eb ae ee bs H. brachypus Urban. Note 18
26. Peduncles much longer, articulated but sometimes obscurely so (27).

27. Bractlets lanceolate, up to 5 mm. wide at base. Leaves shallowly cordate
with a very open sinus; calyx-lobes broadly deltoid, foliaceous; corolla
4-5 cm. long. Cuba ......... H. cryptocarpos (Walp.) A. Rich. Note 19

27. Bractlets subulate or narrowly lanceolate, not more than 2 mm. wide
at base (28).

28. Peduncles articulated near base; leaves deeply cordate, broad, 5-lobed;
corolla not described; capsules yellowish-setose. Cuba ..............
Seite alianncateaeinstunion deihie ejealabsing etal Bethel Satears wate H. Eggersii Urban

278 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. VII, NO. 11

28. Peduncles articulated above the middle; leaves shallowly cordate or
truncate at base, deltoid-ovate, 3—5-lobed with the bluntly acuminate
midlobe much the longest, or the upper leaves sometimes lanceolate
and merely dentate; coro\la brownish, tomentose externally, about 4
cm. long, the petals obliwnceolate; capsules densely sericeous with
brownish hairs. Bahamas .......... H. Brittonianus Kearney. Note 20

29. Herbage more or less aculeate. Plants more or less woody (30).

29. Herbage not aculeate (32).

30. Leaves 2 or more times as long as wide, crenate or crenate-serrate, some-
times subhastately lobed; bractlets 14-18. Petals pink or purple, (6?)
9-11 cm. long; seeds hairy. Honduras, Cuba, Trinidad; South America
RAE AS TR OC ESE ie H. Lambertianus H.B.K. Note 21

30. Leaves not or only moderately longer than wide, often palmately lobed,
long-petiolate; bractlets 14 or fewer. Calyx hirsute or hispid (31).

31. Petals commonly yellow, sometimes red or purple, 4-5 cm. long; peduncles
short, not more than 2 cm. long; bractlets 10 or fewer; calyx with
deltoid-lanceolate, acuminate lobes about as long as the tube. Herb-
age heavily armed, the aculei numerous and sharp; leaves up to 12
cm. long, very diverse in shape, from oblong-ovate to suborbicular or
deeply 5-lobed or 5-parted; flowers in terminal, spike-like racemes,
the upper leaves much reduced; bractlets linear or narrowly lanceo-
late. West Indies and Central America; South America; perhaps intro-
duced from the Old World....:...-:... H. diversifolius Jacq. Note 22

31. Petals pink or purple with a dark purple basal spot, mostly more than
7 cm. long; peduncles 3 cm. or longer; bractlets usually 12 or more,
linear or narrowly lanceolate, mostly 14-%4 as long as the calyx; calyx
with broad, apically rounded lobes shorter than the tube. Leaves 3- or
slightly 5-lobed, truncate or subcordate at base, deeply serrace, hispid
on both surfaces, up to 11 cm. long; androecium about 14 as long as
the corolla; capsules hispid with yellowish hairs, about 14 as long as
the calyx. West Indies; Guiana ............ H. trilobus Aubl. Note 23

32. Petals deeply laciniate into numerous oblong or spatulate lobes, pink
or crimson. Plants shrubby; leaves ovate to oblong-lanceolate; flowers
on very long, slender peduncles; bractlets minute, many times shorter
than the tubular, shallowly lobed calyx; androecium slender, greatly
surpassing the corolla. An Old World species, often cultivated and
escaping or naturalized in Panama and Peru ...............++++:-
Leg amy A ale state Sete raisin ahs = 8 ohbke Biaie er H. schizopetalus (Mast.) Hook.f.

32. Petals not laciniate (33).

33. Flowers relatively small, the petals not more than 4 cm. long or perhaps
exceptionally 4.5 cm. in H. cardiophyllus. Bractlets narrowly linear,
lanceolate, or oblanceolate (34).

33. Flowers larger, the petals (except sometimes in H. syriacus) more than
4 cm. long (39).

34. Leaves commonly more or less hastately lobed, sparsely pubescent or
glabrate; petals yellow or whitish, sometimes drying pink. Stems
strigose with few-armed hairs; flowers long-pedunculate; bractlets
very narrow, equaling or (usually) longer than the calyx; seeds cov-
ered with long, silky hairs (35).

AUGUST, 1955] NORTH AMERICAN HIBISCUS 279

34. Leaves not at all hastate, or the petals not yellow (36).

35. Plants suffruticose or shrubby; calyx about 12 mm. long, 14-14 as long
as the corolla; capsules strigose-pubescent. Baja California .........
BRE Roe eat atue ese oe ty anss chew a iatora tae H. ribifolius A. Gray. Note 24

35. Plants herbaceous or suffrutescent; calyx 15-25 mm. long, about 14 as
long as the corolla; capsules glabrous. Northeastern Mexico ........
2 odie. tickolnisete Aetael ainin SRR anitar cfrer alent ii at H. acicularis Standl.

36. Bractlets equaling to (usually) much longer than the calyx. Plants suf-
frutescent; herbage rather sparsely pubescent with stiff, appressed,
forked hairs, or glabrate; leaves deltoid-ovate or deltoid-lanceolate,
truncate, obtuse, or subcuneate at base, crenate-dentate, often sub-
hastately lobed, seldom more than 6 cm. long (Note 25); bractlets
commonly 9-11, narrowly linear or filiform; petals 12-20 mm. long,
normally crimson; seeds with long, white hairs. West Indies and
Mexico to northern South America ........ H. brasiliensis L. Note 26

36. Bractlets slightly to much shorter than the calyx (37).

37. Petals yellow with a red basal spot. Plants shrubby; leaves up to 3 cm.
long, elliptic to oval or rhombic-ovate, rounded or cuneate at base,
rounded or obtuse at apex; calyx-lobes linear-lanceolate; capsules
elabrous: SOUtMErNNECXICOM 22.2020. a cles ee ae = H. elegans Stand.

37. Petals pink, red, or purple. Leaves ovate or suborbicular; capsules shorter
than the calyx, glabrous or nearly so externally (38).

38. Bractlets 4-7, less than 14 as long as the calyx to nearly obsolete or cadu-
cous, narrowly linear; herbage finely and densely stellate-tomentose;
plants shrubby or suffrutescent; leaves seldom more than 3 cm. long,
thick, commonly rounded at both ends; peduncles short; petals lav-
ender, up to 2.5 cm. long; seeds covered with long, silky hairs. West-
ern Texas to southern California and northern Mexico, including
Bajar GalitOrniay o< ste e ects (nee p05 ori 20 H. denudatus Benth. Note 27

38. Bractlets more numerous and persistent, more or less spatulate or oblan-
ceolate, 3-nerved; herbage rather coarsely stellate-tomentose; plants
herbaceous or suffrutescent; leaves up to 7 cm. long, obtuse at apex,
cordate or subcordate at base with an open sinus, sinuate-denticulate,
sometimes very shallowly lobed; peduncles often greatly surpassing
the subtending leaf; petals deep pink or crimson, 2.5-4 (4.5?) cm.
long; seeds shortly pilose. Western and southern Texas and Mexico. .
Peleisiaa tome siamo dae wie ee: teeyos sacs the Sia-e H. cardiophyllus A. Gray. Note 28

39. Bractlets ovate, at least 4 mm. wide toward the contracted base, few,
usually much shorter than the calyx. Plants shrubby or arborescent;
herbage pubescent; stipules large, suborbicular; leaves angulately
5-lobed, deeply cordate at base with a narrow sinus; calyx very deeply
cleft; petals pink or white (sometimes yellow?), very pubescent dor-
sally; seeds lanate. West Indies (Dominica, French Islands) .........
RS ee eee Sid Bil ae sii a as Sg oa oe H. tulipaeflorus (Walp.) Hook. Note 29

39. Bractlets narrower (40).

40. Corolla medium sized, not more than 6 cm. long (except sometimes in
H. lunariifolius). Leaves usually angulate or lobed (41).

40. Corolla (except sometimes in H. militaris and H. Rosa-sinensis) larger,
more than 6 cm. long (42).

280 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. VII, NO. 11

41. Plants shrubby or arborescent; leaves rhombic-ovate, more or less cu-
neate, mostly trilobate; petioles shorter than the blades; herbage
glabrous or nearly so; bractlets 6-8, equaling or somewhat longer
than the calyx; calyx 35-40 mm. long; petals pink or white, 3-6 cm.
long, usually with a darker basal spot; capsules finely pubescent. Es-
caped from cultivation here and there in North America; native of
PER Cais 2 s/o aktuel Gtcidad edwin e's baa oa we ea ete oe en H. syriacus L.

41. Plants herbaceous or suffrutescent; leaves suborbicular (almost quadrate),
cordate, 3-5-angulate or shallowly 3-5-lobed; petioles often much
longer than the blades; herbage more or less hirsute with short hairs;
bractlets 5-10, shorter to somewhat longer than the calyx, lanceolate,
strongly nerved, united a little above the base; calyx 10-15 mm. long;
petals yellow with a purple basal spot, 5-7 cm. long; capsules hispid.
Inflorescence, by reduction of the upper leaves, appearing as an elon-
gate raceme. Jamaica, naturalized from the Old World tropics ......
soi vaya, Bie.ce Fond Uoplet eh taraie wvegath total ieroievadra ere toy ons, aie erate H. lunariifolius Willd.

42. Bractlets 5 or 6, lanceolate, about 14 as long as the calyx; androecium
long-exserted. Plants shrubby or arborescent; herbage glabrous or
nearly so; petals 6-8 cm. long, glabrous, bright red with a purple
basal spot. Extensively cultivated and occasionally escaping in tropi-
cal and subtropical America; probably from China. H. Rosa-sinensis L.

42. Bractlets more numerous, rarely fewer than 9; androecium (in H. Ur-
banii?) not exserted (43).

43. Plants shrubby; bractlets narrowly lanceolate, 2-3 mm. wide at base,
about 14 as long as the calyx. Leaves broadly ovate, subtrilobate, cor-
date at base, discolorous, whitish-tomentose beneath; petals about 12
cm. long, presumably purple, densely stellate-pubescent dorsally.
GHG co eea>s cates he rua be vee cacntoeat Samra eee H. Urbanii Helwig

43. Plants tall, herbaceous perennials; bractlets subulate to filiform. Species
(except H. californicus and sometimes H. lasiocarpos) of the eastern
United States (44).

44. Herbage glabrous or nearly so; calyx in fruit accrescent, loose, mem-
branous; capsules glabrous or nearly so within; seeds pubescent (45).

44. Herbage pubescent; calyx otherwise; capsules long-hairy on the dis-
sepiments within; seeds papillate but glabrous (46).

45. Leaves about as wide as long, often rather deeply palmately 3-5-lobed
with attenuate-acuminate lobes, not at all hastate, coarsely dentate;
calyx up to 5 cm. long at anthesis; petals bright red, 7.5-10 cm. long;
capsules glabrous externally. Florida. .H. semilobatus Chapm. Note 30

45. Leaves less than 14 as wide as long, lanceolate to ovate, mostly hastately
3—5-lobed, crenate or serrate, usually finely so; calyx 2-3.5 cm. long
at anthesis; petals pale pink with a purple basal spot, 5-7.5 cm. long;
capsules glabrous or puberulent externally. Southern Ontario to
Florida) fae) DORAS 2). ae'. sae os teenie H. militaris Cav. Note 31

46. Bractlets conspicuously but sometimes sparsely ciliate with rather long,
simple hairs, also minutely stellate-tomentose; capsules rounded or
truncate at apex, short-beaked or merely apiculate, densely pubes-
cent externally. Leaves mostly long-acuminate, dentate or crenate,

AUGUST, 1955] NORTH AMERICAN HIBISCUS 281

sometimes slightly lobed; petals pink or whitish with a crimson
basal spot (47).

46. Bractlets not or obscurely ciliate, minutely and very densely tomentose;
capsules usually more pointed and longer-beaked (48).

47. Leaves ovate-lanceolate to broadly ovate, truncate, rounded, or some-
times shallowly cordate at base, shallowly to rather deeply crenate;
bractlets considerably shorter than to longer than the calyx; petals
6.5-11 cm. long. Indiana to Missouri, south to Florida, Texas, and east-
SM PLC iy) e ees) ow ata pia Bie) jhe sas H. lasiocarpos Cav. Note 32

47. Leaves broadly deltoid-ovate, distinctly but shallowly cordate at base,
coarsely crenate-dentate; bractlets nearly equaling to somewhat longer
than the calyx; petals 6-10 cm. long. Central California .............
ees ee wie ciepet Fia'eisi dvi aye eins H. californicus Kellogg. Note 33

48. Capsules glabrous externally; leaves rather sparsely puberulent or glab-
rate above, densely and finely tomentose beneath, strongly discolorous,
lanceolate to broadly ovate, often shallowly lobed; bractlets 14-34
as long as the calyx. Petals 7-10 cm. long, whitish or pink, usually
with a crimson basal spot. Massachusetts to southern Ontario, south
fe iaited And OKds'.. Se ..c. cctev ah es sn a H. Moscheutos L. Note 34

48. Capsules hirsute externally; leaves finely tomentose on both surfaces,
slightly to conspicuously discolorous; bractlets about 14 as long as the
calyx (49).

49. Petals 12-15 cm. long, pink or purple, sometimes with a crimson basal
spot; leaves about as wide as long, deltoid, subhastately and often
deeply 3-5-lobed. Coastal Plain of the United States, from Georgia
and Florida to Mississippi ................-. H. grandiflorus Michx.

49. Petals 8-10 cm. long, white, yellow, or pink, with a crimson basal spot;
leaves longer than wide, sometimes nearly 3 times longer, not lobed.
Coastal Plain, from Maryland to Florida, westward to southeastern
ISS. J vdeabias b bajo. d oa Gao aeiysoconstauecacse : H. incanus Wendl.

NOTES

1. The following taxa, some of which may not belong to the genus
Hibiscus, as now restricted, are too poorly known for inclusion in this key:
H. attenuatus Bosse (North America), H. bahamensis Mill. (Bahamas?), H.
biflorus Turcz. (habitat?), H. cubensis A. Rich., H. fasciculatus Moc. & Sessé
(Mexico), H. Langloisii Greene (Louisiana), H. liliaceus Amadeo (Puerto
Rico), H. Martinianus Zucc. (Mexico), H. membranaceus Cav. (habitat?),
H. nutans Sessé & Moc. (Mexico), H. pedunculatus Sessé & Moc. (Mexico),
H. Sagraeanus Mercier (Cuba), H. tuxtlensis Sessé & Moc. (Mexico).

2. Hibiscus Purpusii is an anomalous plant, known only by the type col-
lections (Purpus 7545, 7546). It has the aspect of certain Sterculiaceae and is
a very doubtful member of the genus Hibiscus, although included therein
by Standley (Contrib. U. S. Natl. Herb. 23:781).

3. Synonyms: H. abutiloides Willd., H. arboreus Desv., H. Azanzae DC.,
H. bracteosus Moc. & Sessé, H. circinnatus Willd., H. fragrantissimus Mog.
& Sessé, H. porophyllus Vell., Paritium tiliaceum (L.) A. Juss., etc.

4. Synonyms: H. tiliaceus var. elatus (Sw.) Hochr., Paritium elatum (Sw.)
G. Don, and perhaps Pariti grande Britton. It is distinguishable from H.

282 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. VII, NO. 11

tiliaceus by the corolla characters, doubtfully so by the other characters
stated in the key.

5. Synonyms: H. cruentus Bertol., H. digitatus Cav., H. fraternus L. f.

6. Synonym: H. radiatus Cav., a form with usually appendaged bractlets.

7. Synonym: H. carolinianus Muhl. Compare H. semilobatus, first para-
graph 45 of the key.

8. Synonym: H. scaber Michx.

9. Synonym(?): H. acetosaefolius Moc. & Sessé ex DC.

10. Two varieties have been described. — Synonyms: H. bicornis G. F. W.
Meyer, H. decipiens St. Hil., H. fluminensis Vell., H. uncinellus DC.

11. Several varieties have been described. In var. azuwensis Urban & Helwig,
the bractlets were described as “integrae vel subintegrae,” but in the type
collection they are distinctly although shallowly bifurcate. Synonyms: H.
corylifolius Presl, H. Diodon DC., H. fraternus Sessé & Mog. non L. f., H.
multiformis St. Hil., H. tomentosus Stahl non Mill., H. trilobatus Vell. non
G. F. Gmel.

12. Synonym: H. crenatus Splitg. non Vell.

13. Hibiscus lavateroides and H. longipes (paragraphs 22 of the key) might
be sought in this section.

14. Synonym: H. spathulatus Garcke, non Gaudichaud.

15. Doubtfully distinct, as a species, from H. lavateroides.

16. Synonyms: H. acetosaefolius Hemsl. non Moc. & Sessé, H. achanioides
(Turcz.) Hemsl., H. Brancroftianus Macf., H. cylindraceus Mog. & Sessé, H.
floridanus Shuttlew., H. phoeniceus Sessé & Moc. non Jacq., H. Poeppigii
(Schlecht.) Garcke, H. spiralis Cav., H. truncatus A. Rich., H. tubiflorus Mog.
& Sessé ex DC. The last was recognized as a species by Standley (Contrib.
U. S. Natl. Herb. 23:777, 779) who distinguished it from H. pilosus (H.
spiralis) in having “leaves truncate or subcordate at base, usually shallowly
hastate-lobate.”

17. Synonyms: H. Berlandieranus Moric., H. tomentosus Mill.

18. Urban thought this species to be most nearly related to H. clypeatus,
with which it apparently intergrades.

19. Basonym: Abelmoschus cryptocarpus Walp. Described by J. G. Jack
as a “slender small tree 20 ft. high, fls. Indian red.”

20. Synonym: H. bahamensis Britton, non Miller.

21. Collections in Cuba and Trinidad were referred to this species by Ur-
ban (Repert. Sp. Nov. 16:33). Synonyms: H. angustifolius H. & A., H. salviae-
folius St. Hil.

22. Three varieties were distinguished by Hochreutiner. Synonyms: H.
agioxillos Vell., H. ficulneus Cav. non L., and perhaps H. ciliaris Pres] and
H. maculatus Lam. The last, from the West Indies, was recognized as a
species by Urban & Helwig (Repert. Sp. Nov. 24:235) who described the
petal-color as violet-purple or wine-red, but gave no other characters to
distinguish H. maculatus from H. diversifolius.

23. Synonyms: H. aquaticus Tussac, H. domingensis Jacq., H. trilobatus
J. F. Gmel., and perhaps H. striatus Cav. This taxon is not well understood.
Urban (Repert. Sp. Nov. 16:34) apparently regarded H. trilobus as a form
of H. Lambertianus.

AUGUST, 1955] NORTH AMERICAN HIBISCUS 283

24. Closely related to H. Coulteri and H. biseptus (see paragraphs 10 of
the key), but the leaves are not, or much more shallowly, lobed.

25. Up to 9 cm. in var. sylvaticus (Benth.) Hochr., with more deeply lobed
leaves.

26. Synonyms: H. betulifolius H. B. K., H. columbinus Moc. & Sessé, H.
hirtus Cav., H. iochromus T. S. Brandeg., H. neglectus Wright, H. oxy-
phyllus Moc. & Sessé, H. phoeniceus Jacq., H. rigidus Mog. & Sessé, H. syl-
vaticus Benth., H. unilateralis Cav., H. violaceus T. S. Brandeg.

27. H. denudatus var. involucellatus A. Gray (H. involucellatus Woot. &
Standl.) is a less woody plant with better developed involucels and occupies
the eastern part of the range of H. denudatus. It is at least a good subspecies.

28. Synonym: H. lasiocarpos S. Wats., non Cav.

29. Basonym: Abelmoschus tulipaeflorus Walp. Synonym (?): H. marmo-
ratus Lem., described as from Mexico. A specimen from Santiago de las
Vegas, Cuba (C. F. Baker 102) was described by the collector as “a large
openly spreading shrub 12-15 feet high with an abundance of large rose-pink
flowers.”” Although not so stated on the label, it was probably from a culti-
vated plant.

30. Synonyms: H. coccineus Walt. var. integrifolius Chapm., H. integri-
folius (Chapm.) Small. Compare first paragraph 8.

31. Synonyms: H. hastatus Michx. non L. f., H. virginicus Walt. non L.,
and H. coccineus var. virginicus (Walt.) Hochr.

32. Synonyms: H. grandiflorus Torr. non Michx., H. platanoides Greene.

33. Synonym: H. lasiocarpos var. occidentalis (Torr.) A. Gray. Perhaps
only subspecifically distinct from H. lasiocarpos.

34. Synonyms: H. oculiroseus Britton, H. opulifolius Greene, H. palustris
L., H. Moscheutos subsp. palustris R. T. Clausen, H. pinetorum Greene.
Hibiscus palustris was recognized as a distinct species by Deam (FI. Indiana
p- 669) and by Fernald (Gray’s Man. ed. 8 pp. 1005, 1006) but the characters
they give for distinguishing it from H. Moscheutos seem inadequate. Fer-
nald added “perhaps better as a geographic variety.”

INDEX

The numbers indicate paragraphs of the key. Synonyms are italiziced
and the number in parenthesis after the paragraph number is that of the
note in which the synonym is cited.

abutiloides 3(3) Bancroftianus 23(16) carolinianus 8(7)
acetosaefolius 10(9), Berlandieranus 25(17) ciliaris 31(22)
23(16) betulifolius 36(26) circinnatus 3(3)
achanioides 23(16) bicornis 12(10) clypeatus 25
acicularis 35 bifurcatus 12 coccineus 8, 45 (30)
aculeatus 9 biseptus 10 columbinus 36(26)
agioxillos 31(22) brachypus 26 corylifolius 13(11)
angustifolius 30(21) bracteosus 3(3) costatus 13
anisaster 24 brasiliensis 36 Coulteri 10
aquaticus 31(23) Brittonianus 28 crenatus 14(12)
arboreus 3(3) californicus 47 cruentus 7(5)
Azanzae 3(3) cannabinus 7 cryptocarpos 27

bahamensis 28(20) cardiophyllus 38 cylindraceus 23(16)

284 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. VII, NO. 11

decipiens 12(10) lasiocarpos 47 Sabdariffa 7
denudatus 38 lavateroides 22 salviaefolius 30(21)
digitatus 7(5) longipes 22 scaber 9(8)

Diodon 13(11) lunariifolius 41 schizopetalus 32
diversifolius 31 maculatus 31(22) semilobatus 45
domingensis 31(23) marmoratus 39(29) sororius 14
Eggersii 28 militaris 45 spathulatus 21(14)
elatus 3 Moscheutos 48 spiralis 23(16)
elegans 37 multiformis 13(11) siriatus 31(23)
ferox 17 neglectus 36(26) sylvaticus 36(26)
ficulneus 31(22) Nelsoni 20 syriacus 41
floridanus 23(16) oculiroseus 48(34) tiliaceus 3
fluminensis 12(10) opulifolius 48(34) ‘omentosus 13(11), 25(17)
fragrantissimus 3(3) oxy phyllus 36(26) trilobatus 13(11), 31(23)
fraternus 7(5),13(11) — palustris 48(34) trilobus 31
furcellatus 13 phoeniceus 23(16), 36(26) Trionum 5
grandiflorus 47(32),49 pilosus 23 truncatus 23(16)
hastatus 45(31) pinetorum 48(34) tubiflorus 23(16)
hirtus 36(26) platanoides 47(32) tulipaeflorus 39
horridus 18 Poeppigii 23(16) uncinellus 12(10)
hottensis 18 porophyllus 3(3) unilateralis 36(26)
incanus 49 Purpusii 1 Urbanii 43
iochromus 36(26) radiatus 7(6) verbasciformis 21
integrifolius 45(30) ribifolius 35 violaceus 36(26)
involucellatus 38(27) rigidus 36(26) virginicus 45(31)
Lambertianus 30 Rosa-sinensis 42

PRroGREss vs. FLorA. Many plants, both native and introduced, for-
merly recorded as growing without cultivation, have not been re-col-
lected recently. This is certainly the case in Arizona, the region with
which I am best acquainted, and is doubtless so everywhere. Of course,
this elimination has been going on ever since man reached the agri-
cultural stage of civilization, but it has been accelerated tremendously
in recent decades by the great improvement of earth-moving machin-
ery. Such operations as leveling land, widening roads, construction of
irrigation works, and logging off forests have destroyed many stations
where plants once grew wild.

In view of the rapid increase of the human population, no reason-
able person would oppose these developments, but they make it more
than ever imperative to guard zealously those portions of our national
and state parks and forests that have been set aside for the protection
of plant and animal wild life.

Naturally, it cannot be concluded, from the destruction of the sta-
tion or stations where a certain plant was known to have grown for-
merly, that it has disappeared entirely from the area. There is always
the possibility that new stations will be discovered. Consequently, in
writing an account of a state or other local flora, all such apparently
exterminated plants should be included, noting, however, the fact
that they have not been observed recently.—T. H. KEARNEY.

Vol. VII

LEAFLETS
of

No. 12

WESTERN BOTANY

CONTENTS

Leontodon autumnalis in Alaska and Washington
S. F. BLAKE

Plant Records for Washington
WALTER J. EYERDAM

The Status and Distribution of Carex danaensis Stacey
F, J. HERMANN

Notes on Malvaceae VII: a New Variety in

Malacothamnus
THOMAS H. KEARNEY

Errata

Index

This number published in part by income from the
Ida Bourne and Lena Gibbs Fund of the
California Academy of Sciences

SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA
NovEMBER 30, 1955

PAGE
285

286

287

289

291
206

LEAFLETS
of
WESTERN BOTANY

Cited as

LEAFL. WEsT. Bort.

Owned and published by

JouNn THomMAs HOWELL

LEONTODON AUTUMNALIS IN ALASKA
AND WASHINGTON

BY S. F. BLAKE
Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Md.

Fall dandelion or “arnica,” Leontodon autumnalis L., so well
established in New England, has never penetrated as far south
as some of its more aggressive relatives in the genus Hieracitum
such as H. pilosella and H. pratense. Although widespread in
Europe, it is scarce or lacking in the Mediterranean area, and
appears to be definitely a plant of temperate and cold regions.
In the 8th edition of Gray’s Manual (1950) Fernald assigns .a
range from Newfoundland to Pennsylvania, west to western
Ontario and Michigan. Gleason, in The New Britton and Brown
Illustrated Flora (1952), extends this range in all possible direc-
tions, reporting the plant from New Jersey to Greenland, rarely
inland to Michigan and even Montana. It is not listed in Ryd-
berg’s Flora of the Rocky Mountains and Adjacent Plains, in
Jepson’s Manual of the Flowering Plants of California, or in
Peck’s Manual of the Higher Plants of Oregon. The only records
known to me from the Pacific Coast are by Piper, in his Flora of
the State of Washington (1906), and by Muenscher in his Flora
of Whatcom County, Washington (1941).

Piper’s record was based on a single collection, Piper 750, now
in the herbarium of the State College of Washington, from
which I have been able to borrow it through the kindness of
Dr. Marion Ownbey and Sherman J. Preece, Jr. The sheet bears
a single good-sized specimen with young heads collected by
Piper at Seattle, 22 June 1889, which is in fact Hypochaeris
radicata L., as which it has been identified at some earlier date
by Dr. G. N. Jones.

Muenscher’s record (as Apargia autumnale Hoffm.) was based
on his No. 8443 and 8892, both collected in 1937 and lent for
examination from the Wiegand Herbarium at Ithaca through
the kindness of Dr. R. T. Clausen; a duplicate of 8892 was also
lent me from the herbarium of the State College of Washington.
No. 8892, from Ten Mile, is Hypochaeris glabra L., but No.
8443, from Bellingham, is Leontodon autumnalis, and appears
to be the only collection actually of that species on record from
any of the Pacific Coast states.

Leaflets of Western Botany, Vol. VII, pp. 285-300, November 30, 1955.

286 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. VII, NO. 12

The species has not been reported from Alaska, so far as I can
ascertain, but it occurs in a small but interesting gathering of
plants made by Dr. Eugene A. Hollowell, of the former Divi-
sion of Forage Crops (now Forage and Range Section), U. S.
Department of Agriculture, and H. J. Hodgson, of the Agricul-
tural Experiment Station at Palmer, Alaska, in a trip taken in
1953 covering much of Alaska, from Circle south to Homer. The
collection (their No. 35), made at Fairbanks on 3 July 1953, con-
sists of 3 specimens. One of these is typical L. autumnalis L.,
with the involucre very thinly pilose, especially toward base,
with subappressed very slender whitish hairs; the other speci-
mens have the involucres more or less hirsute with stiff spread-
ing blackish-green hairs, but not nearly so densely so as in speci-
mens in the U. S. National Herbarium from Newfoundland and
Maine referred to var. pratensis (Link) Koch, and they seem
best left in L. autumnalis, which is sufficiently variable in this
respect. The material will be placed in the United States Na-
tional Herbarium and the Gray Herbarium.

PLANT RECORDS FOR WASHINGTON

BY WALTER J. EYERDAM
Seattle, Washington

CorYNEPHORUS CANESCENS (L.) Beauv. Along railroad right-of-
way near Sand Point, 14 mile west of Lake Washington, King
Co., No. 6616. Determined by X. M. Gaines. New to Washing-
ton.

CaREX suBFusCcA W. Boott. Fifteen miles north of Olympia,
Thurston Co., No. 1724, July 20, 1937. Determined by F. J. Her-
mann. New to Washington.

SPIRANTHES PORRIFOLIA Lindl. In a small lake, Mt. Ellinor,
Mason Co., No. 1229, Aug. 14, 1937. First record for Olympic
Peninsula.

VERONICA CHAMAEDRYS L. On edge of woods, 14 mile north-
east of Seattle, King Co., No. 6583, May 30, 1949. Determined
by X. M. Gaines. New to Washington.

VERONICA FILIFORMIS Smith. On edge of woods, 14 mile north-
east of Seattle, King Co., No. 6581, May 30, 1949. Determined by
X. M. Gaines. New to Washington.

NOVEMBER, 1955] CAREX DANAENSIS 287

THE STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION OF
CAREX DANAENSIS STACEY

BY F. J. HERMANN
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland

One of the rarest sedges of North America is Carex incurvt-
formis Mack., which was known to Mackenzie only from the type
collection from the Canadian Rockies, near Banff, Alberta
(Macoun, July 31, 1891), at the time he described it in Rydberg’s
Flora of the Rocky Mountains (1917). Two additional collec-
tions had been seen by him when he next treated the species in
1931 (North American Flora 18: 30), an undated Drummond
specimen, from which the drawing was made for North Amer-
ican Cariceae, and a Hooker collection in the Torrey Herbarium
lacking both date and locality. The Drummond collection Mack-
enzie evidently ascribed to British Columbia, judging from the
statement in his monograph that the species occurs “on alpine
peaks of the Canadian Rockies, in Alberta and British Colum-
bia,” although the only legend borne on the label is “Rocky
Mts.”

On July 3, 1954, Professor W. A. Weber discovered what ap-
peared to be a fourth station for Carex incurviformis and to rep-
resent the first record for the United States. This was on rocky
ledges at the head of Wheeler Lake, about 12,200 ft. alt., at the
upper end of Platte Gulch north of Mount Lincoln, Park Co.,
Colorado, where it was quite inconspicuous in tufts of moss
(Weber 8745). Examination of the specimen, however, showed
that the lower pistillate scales were broader and more blunt than
those of the Canadian plants and were more broadly hyaline
margined. This at once suggested the closely allied Californian
C. danaensis, proposed by the late J. W. Stacey in 1939 (Leafl.
West. Bot. 2: 166). Mr. Stacey differentiated the two by the fol-
lowing key:

Perigynia with many slender, impressed nerves on both sides; pistillate
scales lance-ovate, narrowly hyaline-margined, acuminate or acute
Se RI AE Rte eg PR Creo ae C. incurviformis

Perigynia with several raised nerves on both sides; pistillate scales broadly
ovate, widely hyaline-margined, obtuse.................., C. danaensis

The nerves of the perigynia in the Colorado material were ob-

viously raised rather than impressed, but so were they in a topo

type of C. incurviformis (G. F. Ledingham 1, Mt. Rundle, Banff,

288 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. VII, NO. 12

Aug. 4, 1940). And, curiously enough, there was no mention of
impressed nerves in the original description of C. incurviformis
(where the perigynia are described as “‘finely conspicuously
many-nerved’’) but only in Mackenzie’s later description, so
that a re-examination of the known collections of both plants
seemed desirable.

Through the courtesy of Dr. David Keck the material of C.
incurviformis at the New York Botanical Garden, consisting of
the type specimen and the two additional collections already re-
ferred to, was secured on loan, and Mr. Howell generously sent
on the fine representation of C. danaensis from the California
Academy of Sciences. As suspected, it was found that the peri-
gynia in the three collections of C. incurviformis are impressed
between the nerves but the nerves themselves are not impressed
(as they are, for instance, in such a species as C. hyalinolepis
Steud.), but elevated. The fundamental distinction upon which
C. danaensis was erected, then, is non-existent, and despite a
tendency for the nerves of its perigynium to be less pronounced
or conspicuous only toward the base, the extant material of C.
incurviformis is too meager to conclude that the same tendency
may not apply to it. The difference in the pistillate scales al-
though unstable is nevertheless real: in C. danaensis they are
predominantly broadly ovate, obtuse, and broadly hyaline-mar-
gined throughout the spikes, whereas in C. incurviformis they
are chiefly lanceolate-ovate, acute and narrowly hyaline-mar-
gined except that one to few of the lowermost tend to be of the
C. danaensis type. In view of the apparent lack of any completely
stable characteristic by which the two plants may be distin-
guished it seems preferable to treat the plant of California and
Colorado as Carex incurviformis Mack. var. danaensis (Stacey)
comb. nov. (C. danaensis Stacey, Leafl. West. Bot. 2: 166,—1939).

Known from only a single station at the time of its description
as a species, var. danaensis is now represented by eight Califor-
nia collections in the Herbarium of the California Academy of
Sciences, as follows:

TuoLUMNE County: Mt. Dana, 12,500 ft., J. T. Howell 14546 (type); west
slope of saddle between Twin Peaks, alt. 12,200 ft., C. W. Sharsmith 4136;
Mt. Conness, about 12,300 ft., J. T. Howell 20561; forming turf-like patches
among boulders at about 12,000 ft., Mt. Dana, J. T. Howell 21517.

Inyo County: abundant on unglaciated plateau on north side of Mt.
Humphreys, alt. 12,880 ft., C. W. Sharsmith 3108; Mono Mesa, about 12,000
ft. J. T. Howell 22700; Army Pass, 12,000 ft., J. T. Howell 26071.

NOVEMBER, 1955 | MALACOTHAMNUS 289

TuxarE County: Cirque Peak, 12,000 ft., J. T. Howell 26172.

The Colorado collection already cited notably extends the
range of the variety and represents the ninth station known for
it up to the present.

NOTES ON MALVACEAE VII:
A NEW VARIETY IN MALACOTHAMNUS

BY THOMAS H. KEARNEY

In a paper entitled “The Genus Malacothamnus, Greene”
(Leafl. West. Bot. 6: 113-140), I indicated in the key (p. 117)
that M. Palmeri (S. Wats.) Greene is unique in this genus in
having densely subcapitate, terminal inflorescences that are
closely subtended by bracts. In addition to the two varieties that
were described in the earlier paper (ibid., pp. 117, 120, 121), M.
Palmeri var. Palmeri and M. Palmeri var. involucratus (Robin-
son) Kearney, a third variety has been discovered recently in the
Santa Lucia Mountains by John Thomas Howell. This is:

Malacothamnus Palmeri var. lucianus, var. nov. Frutex ramosus usque
ad 1.2 m. altus; folia plerumque distincte cordata, utrinque pubescentia
pilis stellatis pauciradiatis; a M. Palmeri var. Palmeri et M. Palmeri var.
involucrato bracteis inflorescentiae et bracteolis involucelli multum an-
gustioribus differt.

The new variety resembles var. Palmeri in the rather copi-
ously pubescent upper leaf-surface and relatively narrow bracts
and bractlets, but approaches var. involucratus in the usually
distinctly cordate leaf-bases. The bracts and bractlets are nar-
rower than in either of the varieties previously described, the
bracts being not more than 2.5 mm. wide and tapering at both
ends, and the bractlets of the involucel being subulate and
about 0.5 mm. wide. It should be noted, however, that 2 or 3
of the outermost bracts of the inflorescence are much broader
and deeply dentate. These may be regarded as marking a transi-
tion to the foliage leaves. The shallowly notched carpels are
much as in var. involucratus, but too few fruiting specimens of
the M. Palmeri complex are available to warrant placing much
emphasis on this character. ‘The new variety was found at a
higher elevation, ca. 3600 feet, than the other varieties are
known to attain.

Known only from one station on the Arroyo Seco Road, 3

290 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. VII, NO. 12

miles from Escondido Camp, Santa Lucia Mountains, Monterey
County (J. T. Howell 30128, 30642), the latter the type collection
(Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. 396,251). The first collection, with
fruits and withered flowers, was made on November 3, 1954,
whereas the type collection, in full flower, was obtained on
July 8, 1955. Mr. Howell reported that the plants grew rather
abundantly on sandstone rocks, in chaparral composed of Quer-
cus dumosa, Umbellularia, Adenostoma, Photinia, Prunus ilict-
folia, Ceanothus ramulosus, and Arctostaphylos glandulosa var.
He described the petal color as pinkish-violet and the odor of
the herbage as unpleasant, like that of rancid grease. It is not
known whether the other varieties of M. Palmeri have this dis-
agreeable odor. Most species of Malacothamnus have pleasantly
fragrant herbage.

THE DIsTRIBUTION OF BLENNOSPERMA AND OF NICOLLETIA. In
my recent account of endemism in California (Leafl. West. Bot.
7: 257-264), I erroneously listed Blennosperma Less. and Nicol-
letia Gray among the “strictly restricted endemic genera” (p.
259), t.e., among those found only within the state boundaries.
Actually these two genera of Compositae range far beyond Cali-
fornia, although both are represented in the state by endemic
species. Blennosperma, a genus of three species, is found in
Chile (B. chilense Less., the type of the genus) as well as in Cali-
fornia [B. nanum (Hook.) Blake and B. Bakeri Heiser]. Nicol-
letia, also a genus of three species, is restricted to North America,
where it is accorded the following rather extended distribution
by Rydberg (N. Amer. Fl. 34: 179, 180): western ‘Texas, New
Mexico, Chihuahua, and Coahuila (N. Edwardsii Gray); south-
ern California (N. occidentalis Gray); Baja California (N. trifida
Rydb.).

The deletion of these genera from those listed reduces by two
the totals that I gave on pages 259 and 260. Thus according to
my corrected count, the “strictly restricted endemic genera’ of
California that I believe should be accepted total 26.—J. T.
HOWELL.

NOVEMBER, 1955 |] ERRATA 291

ERRATA

Page 4, line 15 should read: flora with the finding of this
curious parasitic plant on sand.

Page 9, line 1: for V. arizona read V. arizonica.

Page 15, line 1: for money-flower read monkey-flower.

Page 15, line 33: for Perennial herb read Annual herb.

Page 57, line 2: for has read have.

Page 135, line 13: for Swip read Swamp.

Page 137, line 35: for parvioribus read minoribus.

Page 194, line 34 should read: 6600 ft., April 24, 1939, Percy
Train 2630; type in Herb. Na-.

Page 197, line 6: for Argentina read Chile.

Page 213, lines 38, 39, 40: for NEMOPHILIA read NEMOPHILA.

Page 243, line 12 should read: 7. Petals whitish or pinkish
(exceptionally pale yellow?) with a conspicuous,.

Page 244, line 40 should read: 16. Leaves not lobed or (in A.
Chittendenit and A. Pachecoanum) sometimes.

Page 249, line 42: for Columbia read Colombia.

Page 259, line 24: delete NICOLLETIA Gray.

Page 259, line 26: delete BLENNOSPERMA Less.

292

LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY

[VOL. VII, NO. 12

INDEX

(Plants listed on pages 203 to 218 from the Frances Simes Hastings
Natural History Reservation are not given in the index.)

Abelmoschus, 274; cryptocarpus, 282;
tulipaeflorus, 283.

Abutilon, 241; abutiloides, 249; al-
bidum, 251; americanum, 253; am-
plexifolium, 247; Andrieuxii, 247;
attenuatum, 251; aurantiacum,
253; auritum, 247; Avicennae, 252;
Bakerianum, 245; bastardioides,
243: Berlandieri, 253; blandum,
251; Brenesii, 246; Buchii, 246; Cal-
deroni, 247; californicum, 248, 249;
Carterae, 248; Chittendenii, 245;
coahuilae, 243; commutatum, 252;
confertiflorum, 252; crassifolium,
253; crispum, 120, 251; Croizatian-
um, 253; dentatum, 253; doming-
ense, 253; Dugesii, 248; durang-
ense, 253; elatum, 252; ellipticum,
243: erosum, 251; floribundum,
251; fragile, 253; Gaumeri, 249;
giganteum, 247; glabriflorum, 250;
Haenkeanum, 252; haitense, 246;
Hemsleyanum, 248; hirtum, 248;
Holwayi, 251; Hulseanum, 246; hy-
poleucum, 250; incanum, 244; in-
clusum, 246; indicum, 249; Jac-
quini, 253; jaliscanum, 246; leios-
permum, 249; Lemmoni, 252; Le-
onardi, 246; leucophaeum, 252;
lignosum, 253; lucianum, 251;
Macdougalii, 253; macranthum,
251; malacum, 244; Marshii, 242;
membranaceum, 243; mexicanum,
252: mochisense, 251; Nelsoni, 245;
Nuttallii, 251; orientale, 242; Pa-
checoanum, 245; Palmeri, 130, 250;
Parishii, 3, 248; parvulum, 244;
pauciflorum, 252; pedunculare,
252; peraffine, 253; percaudatum,
244; permolle, 250, 251; Peyrit-
schii, 245; Picardae, 246; pictum,
251; Pittieri, 244; pleiopodum, 246;
Pringlei, 243; pubescens, 253; Pur-
pusii, 246; racemosum, 251; ramo-
sissimum, 251; reticulatum, 252;
reventum, 248; scabrum, 253; Se-
lerianum, 253; sessilifolium, 251;
sidoides, 252; simulans, 250; son-
orae, 248; sphaerostaminum, 249;
striatum, 244; subpapyraceum, 253;
subsagittatum, 250; texense, 251;
Theophrasti, 247; Thurberi, 242;
tridens, 244; triquetrum, 251; tri-
sulcatum, 243; tultitlanapense, 252;
umbellatum, 248, 249; vesicarium,
253; vulcanicola, 245; Wrightii,
250; Xanti, 249; yucatanum, 245.

Acanthogonum, 234; polygonoides,
234, 235, var. longispinum, 235; rig-
idum, 234, 235.

Acanthomintha, 259.

Achaetogeron chihuahuensis, 11.

Achillea eradiata, 190; lanulosa var.
alpicola, 11, var. eradiata, 190; Mil-
lefolium var. alpicola, 109.

Agropyron triticeum, 39.

Agrostis variabilis, 105.

Allium, 261; anceps, 106; Bolanderi,
177; peninsulare, 177; roguense,
by tree

Allocarya, 263; Cusickii, 255.

Alnus rhombifolia, 178.

Alopecurus pratensis, 39.

Ambrosia artemisifolia, 200.

Anacharis canadensis, 168; densa,
168.

Andropogon Ischaemum, 166; virgin-
icus, 199.

Anemone, tribe Anemonanthea, 180;
deltoidea, 181; felix, 181; Lyallii,
181; oregana, 181; Piperi, 181;
quinquefolia, 181.

Anisocoma, 259.

Anoda decumbens, 148.

Antennaria anaphaloides, 18; aprica,
18; carpathica var. pulcherrima,
18; dioica var. rosea, 152; micro-
phylla, 19; nitida, 20; parvifolia,
18, var. rosea, 152; pulcherrima,
18; rosea, 19, 152; umbrinella, 20,
109.

Anthemis fuscata, 132.

Anthochloa lepida, 96.

Antirrhinum Breweri, 117; chytro-
spermum, 115; Cymbalaria, 114;
Elmeri, 117; filipes, 115; Kingii, 6;
majus, 116; maurandioides, 114;
montevidense, 116; Orontium, 115;
ovatum, 115; strictum, 115; subcor-
datum, 117; tortuosum, 116; vag-
ans, 117; vexillo-calyculatum, 117.

Apargia autumnale, 285.

Aphanisma, 259.

Arabis modesta, 181.

Arctostaphylos, 263; columbiana, 266;
Cushingiana, 265; densiflora, 267;
franciscana, 267; Helleri, 237, 267;
hispidula, 186; Hookeri, 267; Man-
zanita, 267; myrtifolia, 237, 238,
267; nissenana, 266; var. arcana,
266; nummularia, 265; sensitiva,
265; setosissima, 265; viscida, 266;
viscosissima, 186.

NOVEMBER, 1955]

Arenaria confusa, 8; lanuginosa ssp.
saxosa, 8; saxosa, 172; rubella, 180.

Arnica nevadensis, 109; spathulata,
109.

Artemisia arbuscula subsp. nova,
175; campestris var. Scouleriana,
20; campestris ssp. borealis, 21; des-
ertorum var. Hookeriana, 21, var.
Scouleriana, 20; nova, 175; pacifica,
20; 21.

Asclepias cryptoceras var. Davisii,
107; Davisii, 107.

Aster Douglasii, 21; Eatoni, 22; fo-
liaceus, 21; longifolius, 22; novi-
belgii, 22; oregonus, 22; subspica-
tus, 21.

Astragalus, 260, 262; albulus, 10; am-

phioxys var. vespertinus, 9; anem-
ophilus, 34; anisus, 33; argophyllus
var. pephragmenoides, 167; ar-
tipes, 194; bisculatus var. nevaden-
sis, 195; calycosus var. mancus,
195; campestris var. crispatus, 18;
campestris var. decumbens, 18; car-
minis, 37; coccineus, 2; convallari-
us var. convallarius, 192; conval-
larius var. finitimus, 192; decum-
bens var. decurrens, 18; decumbens
var. serotinus, 17; demissus, 195;
desperatus, 36, 37; deterior, 35;
didymocarpus var. dispermus, 8;
dispermus, 8; diversifolius, 192; en-
siformis, 36; feensis, 33; Harbisonii,
34; Haydenianus var. nevadensis,
195; hylophilus var. oblongifolius,
18; Jepsoni, 195; junceus var. at-
tenuatus, 192; leucolobus, 33; Ly-
allii, 184; madrensis, 38; magda-
_lenae, 35; malacus, 107; megacar-
pus, 195; microcystis, 17; miser, 17;
miser var. crispatus, 18, miser var.
decumbens, 18; miser var. decur-
rens, 18; miser var. oblongifolius,
18; monumentalis, 35, 167; naturi-
tensis, 37; Nuttallianus var. pili-
ferus, 195; nyensis, 195; oophorus
var. caulescens, 193; oophorus var.
Clokeyanus, 193; oophorus var.
lonchocalyx, 193, 224; oophorus
var. oophorus, 193; Peckii, 185; Ser-
enoi var. sordescens, 195; Spald-
ingii, 184; tenuifolius, 195; teph-
rodes var. brachylobus, 32; tyghen-
sis, 184; Waterfallii, 31.

Atriplex elegans var. Thornberi, 9.

Bacopa Eisenii, 8; rotundifolia, 8.

Baeria maritima, 189.

Baker, William H. Notes on the flora
of Oregon, 105; Linaria dalmatica
in Idaho, 256.

Bakeridesia, 242.

INDEX

293

Barneby, R. C. Pugillus Astragalor-
um XV _ four new species, 31; Pu-
gillus Astragalorum XVI minor
novelties from Nevada, 192.

Beckmannia syzigachne, 1.

Berberis pinnata, 181.

Betula fontana var. glandulifera, 178.

Bidens heterosperma, 171.

Blake, S. F. Leontodon autumnalis in
Alaska and Washington, 285.

Blennosperma, 259, 290; Bakeri, 290;
chilense, 290; nanum, 290.

Blepharizonia, 259.

Bloomeria, 259.

Bogenhardia, 119, 242; crispa, 120,
251.

Botrychium Lunaria, 258.

Brodiaea, 261.

Bromus, 171; anomalus, 171; ciliatus,
171; frondosus, 171; Haenkeanus,
172; inermis, 171; lanatipes, 171;
mucroglumis, 171; Orcuttianus,
171; Porteri, 171; Richardsoni, 171.

Calendula arvensis, 270; officinalis,
270.

Callitriche heterophylla, 3, 170; ver-
na, 3, 170.

Calochortus, 261; indecorus, 191; uni-
florus, 190.

Calycanthus occidentalis, 260.

Carduus palowsensis, 24.

Carex, 260, 261; curatorum, 9; dan-
aensis, 287, 288; hyalinolepis, 288;
incurviformis, 287, 288, var. dan-
aensis, 288; inops, 105; oreocha-
ris, 9; paucicostata, 177; Rossii,
169; subfusca, 286.

Carpenteria, 259.

Castilleja Dixonii, 188; lineata, 11;
litoralis, 188; Payneae, 108; taedi-
fera, 188.

Ceanothus, 262; crassifolius,
gloriosus, 112; maritimus, 111.

Centaurea pratensis, 109; solstitialis,
11.

Li:

Cerastium adsurgens, 173; semide-
candrum, 180.
Cercis occidentalis, 169.
Cercocarpus ledifolius, 106.
Chaenactis Douglasii, 22; stevioides,
190; Suksdorfii, 23, 190.
Chaemorrhinum minus, 115.
Chorispora tenella, 169.
Chorizanthe, 234, 262; corrugata, 234;
Orcuttiana, 234; polygonoides, 234,
236; rigida, 235; Watsoni, 234.
Chrysanthemum Balsamita, 39.
Chrysothamnus nauseosus subsp. al-
bicaulis, 23, subsp. speciosus, 24;
pumilus, 23, var. euthamioides, 23;

294

speciosus var. albicaulis, 23; viscidi-
florus, 23, var. puberulus, 23.

Circaea pacifica, 170.

Cirsium brevifolium, 24; brevisty-
lum, 26; edule, 25; Flodmani, 24;
Macounii, 25; palousense, 24; Ryd-
bergii, 7; vulgare, 7.

Clarkia, 174; epilobioides, 174; pur-
purea, 174.

Cleomella Hillmani, 106.

Collinsia, 263.

Congdonia, 259.

Corallorhiza maculata var. immacu-
lata, 177.

Cordia parvifolia, 5.

Cordylanthus mollis, 271.

Coreopsis cardaminefolia, 171.

Corynephorus canescens, 286.

Crampton, Beecher. Observations on
the genus Soliva in California, 196;
Scribneria in California, 219; a new
variety of Stipa Lemmoni, 220.

Crockeria, 260.

Cronquist, Arthur. Notes on speci-
mens of American plants in Euro-
pean herbaria, 17.

Croton ciliato-glandulosus, 10.

Crucianella angustifolia, 151.

Cryptantha fragilis, 186; recurvata,
10.

Cuscuta Gronovii, 186.

Cymbalaria muralis, 114.

Cyperus Eragrostis, 105.

Cypripedium Calceolus var. parvi-
florum, 177.

Delphinium, 262; Ajacis, 269; dissec-
tum var. amplibracteatum, 9; uli-
ginosum, 18].

Descurainia Sophia, 269.

Dianthus prolifer, 151.

Dicoria Brandegei, 170.

Diholcos Jepsoni, 195.

Dirca occidentalis, 170, 260.

Dodecatheon, 174; alpinum, 174, sub-
sp. majus, 174; dentatum, 174; El-
lisiae, 174; radicatum, 174.

Dracocephalum, 174; parviflorum,
175.

Draperia, 259.

Dudleya subgenus Hasseanthus, 110;
Blochmaniae, 110, subsp. brevifo-
lia, 110, subsp. insularis, 110; mul-
ticaulis, 110; nesiotica, 110; varie-
gata, 110.

Dunn, David B. A new subspecies
and new combinations in Lupinus,
254.

Eastwoodia, 260.
Echinodorus cordifolius, 270.
Eclipta alba, 271.

LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY

[VOL. VII, NO. 12

Ectosperma, 260.

Edwin, Gabriel. A new Mimulus
from Nevada, 137; a new species
and new variety of Mimulus from
Nevada, 221.

Elaeagnus angustifolia, 185.

Elatine americana, 10; brachysperma,
170.

Elatinoides, 114.

Eleocharis caribaea, 169; Engelman-
ni, 199.

Elodea canadensis, 268.

Epixiphium Wislizeni, 114.

Equisetum Funstonii, 165; laeviga-
tum, 165; kansanum, 165.

Eragrostis chloromelas, 256; curvula,
256.

Eremalche, 240.

Erigeron Austinae, 189; chrysopsidis,
189; compositus var. submontanus,
189.

Eriochloa aristata, 168.

Eriogonum, 225, 228, 260, 262; ad-
surgens, 228; angulosum, 258; ap-
ricum, 237; Batemani, 238; croca-
tum, 228; Cusickii, 178; dasyanthe-
mum, 228, 231; elongatum, 228,
229, 232; fasciculatum, 228, 229,
230, 233, subsp. fasciculatum, 230,
subsp. foliosum, 230, subsp. polifo-
lium, 230; flavissimum, 178; fla-
vum, 169; gracile, 228, 229, 231;
grande, 229, 230; indictum, 228,
230; latifolium, 228, 231; marifo-
lium, 228, 229; Nortoni, 238; nu-
dum, 228, 229, 230, 233, var. auricu-
latum, 230; ovalifolium, 179, 228;
Parishii, 2, 228, 229; parvifolium,
228; pyrolaefolium, 179, var. Bel-
lingeranum, 179, var. coryphaeum,
179; truncatum var. adsurgens,
228; umbellatum subsp. stellatum,
270; vimineum, 228, 229, 232, 233,
var. caninum, 238, subsp. adsur-
gens, 228; virgatum, 228, 229, 231;
Wrightii, 228, 232.

Eriophyllum, 264.

Euryops multifidus, 11.

Ewan, Joseph. Botany at the Acad-
emy in the city of the golden fifties,
43.

Eyerdam, Walter J. Plant records for
Washington, 286.

Fioria, 272; dictyocarpa, 273; pavo-
nioides, 273; vitifolia, 273.

Fraxinus Gooddingii, 4; Greggii, 4;
papillosa, 4.

Fremontia californica subsp. crassi-
folia, 224; crassifolia, 224.

Fremontodendron californicum sub-
sp. crassifolium, 224.

NOVEMBER, 1955]

Fumaria parviflora, 2.

Galium bifolium, 170; Munzii, 8;
Watsoni, 8.

Galvezia Ballii, 114; fruticosa, 114.

Gambelia speciosa, 114.

Gayoides, 119, 242; crispum, 120.

Gentiana Sceptrum var. cascadensis,
186.

Geranium lentum, 10.

Gilia, 263; filiformis, 10.

Gilmania, 259.

Glinus lotoides, 270.

Glyceria elata, 222; Otisii, 222; pauci-
flora, 222.

Godetia, 173, 263.

Goodman, George J. The genus Acan-
thogonum, tribe Eriogoneae, 234.
Grindelia Brownii, 27; integerrima,
27; nana var. integerrima, 27, var.

integrifolia, 26; Paysonorum, 27.

Hamosa manca, 195.

Hasseanthus, 110, 259; Blochmaniae,
110, subsp. brevifolius, 110, subsp.
insularis, 110; multicaulis, 110;
nesioticus, 110.

Hedypnois cretica, 151.

Heleochloa schoenoides, 268.

Helianthemum suffrutescens, 238.

Helianthus Nuttallii, 11.

Hemicarpha micrantha var. minor,
199.

Hemizonella, 259.

Herissantia, 119.

Hermann, F. J. The status and dis-
tribution of Carex danaensis Sta-
cey, 287.

Herniaria cinerea, 268.

Heterogaura, 260.

Heuchera Merriami, 182; pilosissima
x rubescens, 182.

Hibiscus, 274; sect. Pterocarpus, 272;
abutiloides, 281; acetosaefolius,
282; achanioides, 282; acicularis,
279; aculeatus, 275; agioxillos, 282;
angustifolius, 282; anisaster, 277;
aquaticus, 282; arboreus, 281; at-
tenuatus, 281; Azanzae, 281; baha-
mensis, 121, 281, 282; Bancroftian-
us, 282; Berlandieranus, 282; betu-
lifolius, 283; bicornis, 282; biflorus,
281; bifurcatus, 275; biseptus, 275;
brachypus, 277; bracteosus, 281;
brasiliensis, 279; Brittonianus, 121,
278; californicus, 281; cannabinus,
275; cardiophyllus, 279; carolinian-
us, 282; ciliaris, 282; circinnatus,
281; clypeatus, 277; coccineus, 275;
columbinus, 283; corylifolius, 282;
costatus, 276; Coulteri, 275; crena-
tus, 282; cruentus, 282; cryptocar-

INDEX

295

pos, 277; cubensis, 281; cylindra-
ceus, 282; decipiens, 282; denuda-
tus, 279; dictyocarpus, 273; digita-
tus, 282; Diodon, 282; diversifolius,
278; domingensis, 282; Eggersii,
277; elatus, 274; elegans, 279; fasci-
culatus, 281; ferox, 276; ficulneus,
282; floridanus, 282; fluminensis,
282; fragrantissimus, 281; frater-
nus, 282; furcellatus, 276; grandi-
florus, 281, 283; hastatus, 283; hir-
tus, 283; Hitchcockii, 271; horri-
dus, 276; hottensis, 276; incanus,
281; iochromus, 283; integrifolius,
283; involucellatus, 283; Lamber-
tianus, 278; Langloisii, 281; lasio-
carpos, 281, 283; lavateroides, 277,
282; liliaceus, 281; longipes, 277,
282; lunariifolius, 280; maculatus,
282; marmoratus, 283; Martinian-
us, 281; membranaceus, 281; mili-
taris, 280; Moscheutos, 281; multi-
formis, 282; neglectus, 283; Nel-
soni, 276; nutans, 281; oculiroseus,
283; opulifolius, 283; oxyphyllus,
283; palustris, 283; pedunculatus,
287; phoeniceus, 282, 283; pilosus,
277; pinetorum, 283; platanoides,
283; Poeppigii, 282; porophyllus,
281; purpureus, 273; Purpusii, 274;
radiatus, 282; ribifolius, 279; rigid-
us, 283; Rosa-sinensis, 280; Sabda-
riffa, 275; Sagraeanus, 281; salviae-
folius, 282; scaber, 282; schizopet-
alus, 278; semilobatus, 280; sorari-
us, 272, 276; spathulatus, 282; spi-
ralis, 282; striatus, 282; sylvaticus,
283; syriacus, 280; tiliaceus, 274;
tomentosus, 282; trilobatus, 282;
trilobus, 278; Trionum, 275; trun-
catus, 282; tubiflorus, 282; tulipae-
florus, 279; tuxtlensis, 281; unci-
nellus, 282; unilateralis, 283; Ur-
banii, 280; verbasciformis, 277; vio-
laceus, 283; virginicus, 283; viti-
folius, 273, 274.

Hieracium pilosella, 285; pratensis,
285.

Hitchcock, C. Leo. Lathyrus poly-
phyllus var. insecundus Jepson,
131; the Otis manna-grass, 222.

Hollisteria, 259.

Holmgren, Arthur H. A new Lewisia
from Nevada, 135.

Holocarpha, 259.

Holozonia, 259.

Homalobus decumbens, 18; decur-
rens, 18; oblongifolius, 18; tenui-
folius, 195.

Hoover, Robert F. A new Ceanothus
from San Luis Obispo County,
California, 111.

296

Hordeum vulgare, 166.

Howell, John Thomas. Some places
where phacelias grow, 11; new rec-
ords of western weeds, 38; the bo-
tanical collections of the Califor-
nia Academy of Sciences, 89; new
California stations for Isatis tinc-
toria, 131; Anthemis fuscata Brot.
in Sonoma County, California, 132;
Lathyrus sphaericus in California,
132; concerning the authorship of
Antennaria rosea, 152; “I remem-
ber, when I think,” 153; concern-
ing fruit color in Dirca occidentalis,
176; Medicago praecox DC. now in
California, 199; a hybrid-suspect
in the Inuleae, 200; the type of
Astragalus oophorus var. loncho-
calyx, 224; Susan G. Stokes, the Er-
iogonum lady, 225; Eriogonum
notes IV: a new species from Cali-
fornia, 237; a tabulation of Califor-
nia endemics, 257; some putative
California hybrids in Arctostaphy-
los, 265; the distribution of Blen-
nosperma and of Nicolletia, 290.

Howelliella, 115; ovata, 115.

Hymenoxys argentea, 171.

Hypochaeris glabra, 285; radicata,
285.

Ipomoea purpurea, 200.
Isatis tinctoria, 131.
Isomeris, 259.

Jepsonia, 259.
Juncus dubius, 199; ensifolius, 270;
marginatus, 105; xiphioides, 106.

Kearney, Thomas H. Recent addi-
tions to the known flora of Arizona
(with Elizabeth McClintock and
Kittie F. Parker), 1; notes on Mal-
vaceae V, 118; a tentative key to
the North American species of Pa-
vonia, Cav., 122; two mallows new
to California, 130; a tentative key
to the North American species of
the known flora of Arizona, 165;
Malvastrum, A. Gray—a re-defini-
tion of the genus, 238; a tentative
key to the North American species
of Abutilon, Miller, 241; notes on
Malvaceae VI, 271; a tentative key
to the North American species of
Hibiscus, L., 274; progress vs.
flora, 284; notes on Malvaceae VII:
a new variety in Malacothamnus,
289.

Kickxia Elatine, 114; spuria, 114, 270.

Kochia scoparia var. subvillosa, 169.

Kosteletzkya, 272.

LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY

[VOL. VII, NO. 12

Lactuca muralis, 190; saligna, 190.

Lamium amplexicaule, 170.

Lathyrus, 173; arizonicus, 173; brach-
ycalyx, 173; eucosmus, 173; gram-
inifolius, 173; laetevirens, 173; lat-
ifolius, 167; leucanthus var. laetevi-
rens, 173; pauciflorus var. utahen-
sis, 167; polyphyllus, 131, var. in-
secundus, 131; sphaericus, 132; ves-
py subsp. puberulus, 131; zionis,
173.

Leersia oryzoides, 268.

Lemmonia, 259.

Leontodon autumnalis, 285, 286, var.
pratensis, 286.

Lepidium latifolium, 181; oblongum,
181.

Lewisia disepala, 135, 136; Maguirei,
135-137; minor, 136; rediviva, 135,
subsp. minor, 136, var. minor, 136;
rediviva yosemitana, 136; yosemi-
tana, 136.

Limosella aquatica, 10.

Linanthus, 263; Bolanderi, 186.

Linaria canadensis, 115; dalmatica,
6, 115, 152, 256; floridana, 115;
genistifolia, 115; pinifolia, 115;
purpurea, 115; repens, 115; sepi-
um, 115; spartea, 115; vulgaris, 115.

Linsdale, Jean M. Check list of ferns
and seed plants of Frances Simes
Hastings Natural History Reserva-
tion, 201.

Lithospermum confine, 5; viride, 5.

as cardinalis subsp. graminea,
170.

Lomatium, 263; Nelsonianum, 107.

Lophospermum erectum, 114; eru-
bescens, 114; Purpusii, 114; scan-
dens, 114.

Lotus, 267.

Lunaria annua, 269.

Lupinus, 260, 262; arbustus subsp.
arbustus var. montanus, 254, subsp.
calcaratus, 255, subsp. neolaxiflor-
us, 254, subsp. pseudoparviflorus,
255, subsp. silvicola, 255; argenteus
subsp. argenteus var. tenellus, 254;
bicolor, 169; calcaratus, 255; inter-
montanus, 255; laxiflorus, 254, var.
cognatus, 254, var. montanus, 254,
var. pseudoparviflorus, 255, var.
silvicola, 255, var. tenellus, 254;
Lemmonii, 170; odoratus var. ru-
bens, 255; Osterhoutianus, 169;
pseudoparviflorus, 255; pusillus
subsp. intermontanus, 255, subsp.
rubens, 255; rubens, 255; silvicola,
255; tenellus, 254; unicialis, 184.

Lycium halimifolium, 269.

Lycopersicum esculentum, 269.

NOVEMBER, 1955]

Lycopus americanus, 168; lucidus,
168.
Lyonothamnus, 259.

Malache panamensis, 119, 120; pen-
duliflora, 128; fonsecana, 129.

Malachra ovata, 128.

Malacothamnus Fremontii, 239;
Palmeri, 289, 290, var. involucra-
tus,, 289, var. lucianus, 289, var.
Palmeri, 289.

Malcolmia africana, 39.

Malva tricuspidata, 240.

Malvastrum, 238; amblyphyllum,
239; americanum, 238, 239; auran-
tiacum, 238, 239; bicuspidatum,
239; capense, 241; carpinifolium,
238, 240; corchorifolium, 239; coro-
mandelianum, 239, 240; decipiens,
241; depressum, 239; dimorphum,
239; Greenmanianum, 239; grossu-
lariaefolium, 241; guatemalense,
239; humile, 241; interruptum,
239; lacteum, 239; limense, 240;
mexicanum, 239; Munroanum,
239; nudum, 241; palustre, 241;
peruvianum, 240; ribifolium, 239;
Sandemanii, 241; scabrum, 239;
Schaffneri, 239; scoparioides, 239;
scoparium, 239; spicatum, 238; spi-
ciflorum, 239; subtriflorum, 239;
tricuspidatum, 239, 240; vitifoli-
um, 239; Wrightii, 238.

Malvaviscus Palmeri, 129.

Matelea cordifolia, 168.

Matricaria Chamomilla, 190.

Matthiola bicornis, 2.

Maurandella antirrhiniflora,
hederaefolia, 114.

Maurandia erecta, 114; Lophosper-
mum, 114; Purpusii, 114; stricta,
115.

Maurandya acerifolia, 114; Barclai-
ana, 114; flaviflora, 114; geniculata,
114; petrophila, 114; Rosei, 114;
scandens, 114; semperflorens, 114.

McClintock, Elizabeth (with Kearney
and Parker). Recent additions to
the known flora of Arizona, 1.

Medicago arabica, 199; hispida, 199;
minima, 39, 199, var. pubescens,
184; praecox, 199.

Melilotus officinalis, 170.

Mentzelia congesta, 186.

Menyanthes trifoliata, 167.

Micropus californicus, 200.

Mimulus, 263; brachystylis, 137; coc-
cineus, 221; guttatus, 138; junger-
mannioides, 187; spissus var. lin-
colnensis, 222; stamineus, 221; Til-
ingi, 7; washoensis, 221.

Misopates Orontium, 115.

114;

INDEX

Zor

Moenchia erecta, 180.

Mohavea, 259; breviflora, 115; con-
fertiflora, 115; viscida, 115.

Moldavica, 174; parviflora, 175.

Molucella laevis, 10.

Monardella, 263.

Monolopia, 259.

Montia Chamissoi, 179; fontana, 179;
Hallii, 179.

Moran, Reid. Hasseanthus, a subgen-
us of Dudleya, 110.

Munz, Philip A. A century of achieve-
ment, 69.

Myosurus, 173; aristatus, 173; cupu-
latus, 173; Egglestonii, 173; mini-
mus, 173; nitidus, 173.

Navarretia heterandra, 40; pubes-
cens, 40; subuligera, 40; tagetina,
40.

Nemacladus gracilis, 7.

Neogaerrhinum filipes, 115; strictum,
115.

Neostapfia, 260.

Nicolletia, 259, 290; Edwardsii, 290;
occidentalis, 290; trifida, 290.

Odontostomum, 259.

Oenothera, 263; pterosperma, 4.

Olea europaea, 269.

Oreonana, 259.

Orochaenactis, 260.

Orthocarpus, 263.

Osmaronia, 259.

Oxalis oregana, 185, var. Smallii,
185; Smallii, 185.

Oxypolis Fendleri, 10.

Oxystylis, 259.

Oxytropis deflexa var. sericea, 185.

Panicum antidotale, 169; occidentale,
199.

Pariti grande, 281.

Paritium elatum, 281; tiliaceum, 281.

Parker, Kittie F. (with Kearney and
McClintock). Recent additions to
the known flora of Arizona, 1.

Pavonia, 122; achanioides, 126, 129,
var. tuberculata, 122; alba, 119,
126; amplifolia, 129; arachnoidea,
123; bahamensis, 127; calcicola,
125; cancellata, 123; castaneaefolia,
124; chiapensis, 127; coccinea, 125;
cordifolia, 129; costaricensis, 129;
cryptocalyx, 125; Ekmanii, 125;
firmiflora, 128; fruticosa, 123; ful-
va, 129; glandulosa, 122; guana-
castensis, 126; hastata, 124, var. pu-
bescens f. brevifolia, 129; hetero-
phylla, 122; heterostemon, 126;
hirtiflora, 129; hispida, 122; hot-
teana, 126; integrifolia, 123; inter-

298

mixta, 123, 128; Langlassei, 126;
lasiopetala, 125, 127; leiocarpa,
125; linearis, 123, 128; longipes,
124; Maxonii, 124; melanommata,
125; nemoralis, 129; nepetaefolia,
125; Ortegiana, 128; oxyphyllaria,
124; Palmeri, 128, 129; panamensis,
119, 129; paniculata, 127, 129; pen-
duliflora, 123; Preslii, 122; pseudo-
typhalaea, 124; punctata, 126; Pur-
pusii, 127; racemifera, 128; race-
mosa, 129; Rhizophorae, 118; rosea,
124; scabra, 129; sessiliflora, 122;
speciosa, 126, var. Hostmannii,
129, subsp. genuina var. subpandu-
rata, 129; spicata, 119, 127, var.
troyana, 129; Spinifex, 123; sub-
pandurata, 127; troyana, 128; Ty-
phalaea, 128; urticaefolia, 122;
Wrightii, 129.

Peck, Morton E. Notes on certain
Oregon plants with descriptions
of new varieties, 177; a new Calo-
chortus from Oregon, 190.

Peltaea ovata, 128.

Pennisetum ciliare, 166; setaceum,
166.

Penstemon, 263; barbatus subsp. tri-
chander, 170; Barrettae, 187; hes-
perius, 187; subserratus, 187.

Petalonyx nitidus, 10.

Petasites frigidus var. corymbosus,
28, var. frigidus, 28, var. hyperbore-
oides, 30, var. nivalis, 30, var. palm-
atus, 30; hyperboreus, 28; nivalis,
30; palmatus var. frigidus, 30;
sagittatus, 28.

Petunia violacea, 270.

Phacelia, 260, 263; corymbosa, 108;
demissa, 10; frigida, 108; glecho-
maefolia, 10; Greenei, 12; Leiber-
gii, 11; minutissima, 11; mutabilis,
108; nemoralis, 271; neomexicana
var. alba, 10; Peckii, 13; verna, 14.

Phalacroseris, 259.

Phalaris canariensis, 9; minor, 168.

Pholisma arenarium, 4

Phyllogonum, 259.

Physalis ixocarpa, 200.

Physostegia, 175.

Pickeringia, 259.

Pinaropappus roseus var. foliosus, 9.

Pistia Stratiotes, 9.

si lac asper, 187; tenellus,
187.

Plantago eriopoda, 8; macrocarpa,
188; Tweedyi, 8.

Pluchea camphorata, 175; purpuras-
cens, 175.

Poa bulbosa, 268; Fendleriana, 172;
longiligula, 172.

Polemonium, 174; albiflorum, 174;

LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY

[VOL. VII, NO. 12

filicinum, 174; flavum, 174; foliosis-
simum, 174.

Polygonum, 232; aviculare var. lit-
orale, 172; buxiforme, 172; persi-
carioides, 178; ramosissimum, 9.

Portulaca coronata, 8; umbraticola,

Potentilla, 260, 262; anomalifolia,
183; Drummondii, 183; fruticosa,
106; indiges, 183; macropetala, 183;
paradoxa, 183; Parryi, 238; versi-
color, 183.

Prunus cerasifera, 269; serotina sub-
sp. rufula, 8, subsp. virens, 8; vi-
rens, 8.

Psathyrotes annua, 7; ramosissima,
RE

Pseudobahia, 260.

Pseudobastardia crispa, 120.

Pseudorontium cyathiferum, 115.

Pseudotsuga Menziesii var. glauca,

Psilocarphus tenellus, 100.
Pteryxia Davidsoni, 170.

uercus, 261; ajoensis, 166; Garry-
J ry
ana, 178.

Ranunculus oreogenes, 169.

Ratibida Tagetes, 11.

Raven, Peter H. New weeds for the
Sierra Nevada, California, 151;
plant records from Nevada County,
California, 198; a new weed for the
Sierra foothills, 200; a range ex-
tension for Allocarya Cusickii in
California, 255; Eragrostis curvula
spontaneous in California, 256;
plant notes from Napa County,
California, 268.

Rechinger, K. H., fil. Beitrage zur
Kenntnis von Rumex XII: some
new American species of Rumex,
133.

Reiter, Victor, Jr. Horticulture and
the California Academy of Sci-
ences, 79.

Rhodochiton atrosanguineum, 114.

Rhynchospora alba, 177; capitellata,
198.

Ribes, 262; divaricatum, 182, var.
rigidum, 182; inerme var. subar-
matum, 182.

Rollins, Reed C. A new Sisymbrium
from Arizona, 15.

Rorippa curvisiliqua, 169.

Rothmaler, Werner. Notes on west-
ern Antirrhineae, 113.

Rothrockia cordifolia, 168.

Rubus Bartonianus, 183.

Rumex, 232; aquaticus subsp. Schi-
schkinii, 133; Brittanica x crispus,

NOVEMBER, 1955]

135; crispus x orbiculatus, 135;
densiflorus, 172; fenestratus subsp.
puberulus, 133; mexicanus, 169;
nematopodus, 134, 166; obtusifoli-
us subsp. agrestis, 135; occidentalis,
172; orbiculatus, 135; tomentellus,
133; pseudoorbiculatus, 134.

Saccularia glabrata, 114; juncea, 114;
rupicola, 114; Veatchii, 114.

Sagina saginoides, 169.

Sambucus glauca x callicarpa, 188.

Schizococcus, 265, 266; nummularius,
265.

Scribneria Bolanderi, 219.

Scrophularia californica, 10.

Scrophulariaceae - Antirrhinoideae -
Antirrhineae, 114, subtribe Gam-
beliinae, 114, subtribe Linariinae,
114, subtribe Maurandynae, 114,
subtribe Mohaveinae, 114.

Sedella, 259.

Sedum Blochmanae, 110; pinetorum,
259; stenopetalum, 169; variega-
tum, 110.

Senecio, 264; bivestitus, 31; cordatus,
31; fuscatus, 31; integerrimus, 31,
var. ochroleucus, 31; lugens var.
ochroleucus, 31; Metcalfei, 175;
neomexicanus, 175; tridenticula-
tus, 175.

Sequoiadendron, 260; giganteum,
260.

Sexton, Veronica J. Books and bot-
any, 85.

Shinners, Lloyd H. Trifolium glom-
eratum in Texas, 132.

Sida, 138; acuminata, 144; acuta, 144,
149, 240; aggregata, 143, 146; ala-
mosana, 142; alba, 143, 149, 150;
alnifolia, 149; alpestris, 148; al-
theaefolia, 149; amatlensis, 148;
ampla, 149; angustifolia, 149; an-
gustissima, 148, var. Moritziana,
149; Anoda, 148; anomala, 139, var.
mexicana, 148; antillensis, 146,
150; arguta, 148, 149; atrosanguin-
ea, 148; Barclayi, 146; Berlandieri,
149; bicallosa, 148; bicolor, 148;
brachystemon, 148; breviflora, 149;
Brittoni, 139; buettneriacea, 148;
caespitosa, 149; callifera, 150; cam-
pi, 148; canariensis, 150; capillaris,
148; cardanisea, 148; carpinifolia,
149, 240; ciliaris, 139, var. anomala,
148, var. mexicana, 148; cinerea,
148; coerulea, 148; collina, 148;
conferta, 148; cordifolia, 145, var.
altheaefolia, 149; corymbosa, 146,
149; costata, 148; crispa, 120; de-
bilis, 149; decumbens, 140; deflexa,
148; diffusa, 149; dumosa, 148; Eg-

INDEX

299

gersii, 139; Elliottii, 147, 150, var.
texana, 150; Endlicheriana, 148;
erecta, 149; erosa, 148; fasciculata,
148; filicaulis, 149; filiformis, 149;
filipes, 144; floribunda, 148; frutes-
cens, 149; fulva, 148; Garckeana,
149; glabra, 142, 149, var. setifera,
149; glanduligera, 148; glomerata,
143, 149, 150; glutinosa, 141; gra-
cilis, 148, 150; Grayana, 140; gui-
anensis, 148; Haenkeana, 150; ham-
ulosa, 149; hastata, 148, var. glab-
riuscula, 148, var. tomentosa, 148;
hastifolia, 148; hederacea, 139;
hederaefolia, 142; Helleri, 140;
herbacea, 149; hermanniaefolia,
148; hermannioides, 149; herma-
phrodita, 139; heterocarpa, 149;
hibisciformis, 148; Hilariana, 148;
Holwayi, 149; hondensis, 150;
Humboldtii, 148; humilis, 149;
hyssopifolia, 149; inflexa, 147; in-
sperata, 148; integrifolia, 148; ja-
maicensis, 144, 149; Killipii, 120;
Kohautiana, 150; Kunthiana, 148;
leiophylla, 148; lepidota, 140; lep-
rosa var. hederacea, 148; lepto-
phylla, 147; Lindheimeri, 146; lin-
earis, 149; linifolia, 140; lodiegen-
sis, 141; longifolia, 148; longipes,
146; maculata, 145; mexicana,
148; micans, 149; micrantha, 142;
minor, 149; mollis, 149; muricata,
148; Napaea, 148; neomexicana,
147; nervosa, 148; nesogena, 141;
nummularia, 145, 149; obliqua,
148; obtusa, 149; ovata, 149; Palm-
eri, 144; paniculata, 141; pannosa,
148; parviflora, 148; pellita, 149;
phlebococca, 148; physocalyx, 140;
pilosa, 149; planicaulis, 149, 240;
plumosa, 148; portoricensis, 149;
potosina, 146; procumbens, 142;
pungens, 149; pusilla, 149; pyra-
midata, 141; quinquenervia, 140;
repens, 148; rhombifolia, 3, 130,
147; rhomboidea, 150; rotundifo-
lia, 149; rubromarginata, 147; ru-
derata, 150; sagittifolia, 148; sal-
viaefolia, 145; savannarum, 149;
Schnitzii, 148; scoparia, 150; sessili-
flora, 149; setifera, 149; spinosa,
120, 144, var. salviaefolia, 149; stip-
ulata, 149; stolonifera, 148; stricta,
143; subdistans, 149; suberosa, 149;
supina, 149; surinamensis, 150; te-
huacana, 141; tenuicaulis, 120, 149;
texana, 150; tragiaefolia, 147; tri-
dentata, 148; triloba, 148; triner-
via, 150; tristis, 149; trivialis, 149;
troyana, 146; truncata, 149; Tulla,
121; turneroides, 144; ulmifolia,

300

148, 149; urens, 143; venusta, 149;
veronicaefolia, 149, var. hederifo-
lia, 149; verruculata, 148; verticil-
lata, 149; vesicaria, 253; viminea,
148; Woronovii, 146; Xanti, 145.

Sidastrum quinquenervium, 148.

Silene Douglasii var. oraria, 180; fil-
isecta, 180; montana, 180; oraria,
180; oregana var. filisecta, 180.

Sisymbrium Kearneyi, 15, 166; Pur-
pusii, 16.

Solanoa, 259.

Solidago graminea, 11.

Soliva, 196; daucifolia, 196; ptero-
sperma, 197; sessilis, 196; valdi-
viana, 197.

Sophora Leachiana, 184.

Sphaeralcea fruticosa, 149.

Spinacea oleracea, 268.

Spiraea Douglasii, 199.

Spiranthes porrifolia, 286.

Stachys agraria, 6.

Staphylaea Bolanderi, 260.

Stebbins, G. Ledyard and Stokes, Su-
san G. Chromosome numbers in
the genus Eriogonum, 228.

Stellaria humifusa, 180; longifolia, 9,
172; umbellata, 169.

Stipa cernua, 270; columbiana, 168;
Lemmoni var. pubescens, 220; le-
pida, 270; Lettermani, 168; lobata,
168; Pringlei, 168; pulchra, 270.

Stokes, Susan G. and Stebbins, G.
Ledyard. Chromosome numbers in
the genus Eriogonum, 228.

Streptanthus, 262.

Stylocline amphibolus, 200.

Synthyris missurica x Besseya rubra,
188.

Tamarix gallica, 269; tetrandra, 269.

Tellima grandiflora, 182; odorata,
182.
Tetrasida, 121; polyantha, 121.

LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY

[VOL. VII, NO. 12

Thomas, John H. A new combination
in Fremontodendron, 224.

Tillandsia recurvata, 9.

Torreyochloa Otisii, 223; pauciflora,
223.

Tracyina, 260.

Tricardia Watsoni, 10.

Trifolium, 262; eriocephalum, 107;
glomeratum, 132; hirtum, 151; in-
carnatum, 151.

Tropidocarpum, 259.

Tursitis, 114.

Tussilago corymbosa, 28.

Urocarpidium, 240.

Valeriana, 175; acutiloba, 9, 175; ari-
zonica, 9, 175; edulis, 8; capitata
acutiloba, 9, 175; occidentalis, 9;
ovata, 9, 175; sorbifolia, 8.

Venegazia, 259.

Veronica Chamaedrys, 286; filiformis,
286; peregrina subsp. xalapensis,
187; Sherwoodii, 187.

Vicia salaminia, 269.

Viola aurea subsp. arizonensis, 173;
purpurea, 173; umbraticola, 170.

Whitneya, 259.

Wilson, Carol Green. The Eastwood
era at the California Academy of
Sciences, 58; a partial gazetteer
and chronology of Alice Eastwood’s
botanical explorations, 65.

Wissadula contracta, 251; luciana,
Zor,

Yucca, 172; arizonica, 172; baccata,
172; Baileyi, 172; confinis, 172;
elata, 172, Harrimaniae, 172; kana-
bensis, 172; navajoa, 172; neomexi-
cana, 172; Newberryi, 172; Stand-
leyi, 172; Thornberi, 172; utahen-
172; verdiensis, 172; Whipplei,
172.

ipl {
D0) Neb (a
, oy

New York Botanical Garden Libra

| ~ ii

225 9974

‘| cave wa te ee ee
242%, = SL Lee Gl Pe ed ial in) aa’
VO sets Da bg Pe eS emery 8 hry ee i
ea © tat tw ik | ta wiedt PPh .
eh les wh tat en es 4 we aba rn
Prd re VT Olea Lae ee ian ‘
UMNO A A fis ip r epee ou I . Oe i
eben pent ian Pew pals i, A ‘
\ 2 vy nat Ves Peale Aad pin ohn ATA + 5
EW ACW pg ii Ue Lota ite ye
Mn pty muni ara asda la) “4 if 1
VR ot od
4 Med Nite ae CY i2'
f aMinek i 7 ACRE Te tora Lape h a deel ii iit fate ' aa)
mae ei ree. ani AT nary y it; Une aX f che %. ay . ) be nthe el n) ee : ‘a fu
hore are a vin Givin eb ie’ eh , tt ht "7 ty J Pe Au
sl Hrler urea | Tate iy ety ites 9 a | ¢ . aA tte ,
oon Ws ae aaa hag , \ at ie Uh iy vy WLTI
Le tye poeepaty Hive Te aay yi Wak rete Cute witb ‘ Ai
ee are Mah b VA Phat ee 1 wt Athy vy ih rah , ri '
DRS Ook orient Win Ta) teh as fhe Wy ay. ta)
Uy ta eit i y™ ’
win Gan, Veg 1, i J
ice 4 win Pia wie ‘ive ]
Werte VO real Own rity Fatale nibh sie dart i i ‘oy
AH pie ag ID tly rhea Wy 19a, Cony Ce yh . Hy i
PHAR ER Led ny a ri cn Te ea PUAN) hee ae ( Rpg S 4, I
shah by hOTE HEE ety pit my ae ' : pwr ws é rg O's , , ane
WM ed pa deer, mh. iy tire , } : ‘ Ay ah J
vesting ihe .* ae 4 He’ PALA
pe Real wHitna St.
Wiha wir n «t
St Ve Weer ae
ut) Cetus i atic: Fei wetty } 4
re fit; Mei DO, ee ane
(ish WAU Ha Ws eT shhe): One
}

Deqidy

Liegty Dy a Be eC ie 1 i

[tit tein RL TNT Ey rote d ju:
Bie We yy ale tLe yg Oe

ist fn CTC OT, eM Leon ty er aa fh 1
/ roa y 7 ee Wd) ele me

ret ans mt Uhh 8

Hs Td

hy
r yi by
MP eee ee eel ri ECR
iit. ee ‘ ert he 4
hh fal if ‘
Plenty c. i ,
japtere Pit
ey te cu
Lie wet iy
Prvacuiy.:
Wieol ee ae
Ptah ryt "1 ag Af ;
MASA ay mrt 4
ve $f; wide. at ae
Pa pvany ped
ry, eh [he ty
, ‘ os oe
cena a a
|
re ret
LATE ie Ste
i

‘i
'
rl
‘
yr)
nw
\ ‘
yi"
‘
1 i
iy
i
Phy
ial weanh }
yt ya tahe
‘
a,
hy
5 tte k eee
_ Nt Sues
Gat i
Pklea | ide
7 her eh ws iene
rm

¥
ca tee ra Nowy
DN Nikkane

Ere OD
A head

the 4 \ Athaty
Mahi

tik
Wee UPAR Res
ial Waele eh yh i WT ee ord oes
wn Nias Haalb big! set hal AN aoe, Maree iy]
Wi Ma Ale ea ea i | Nay LACS cnn ‘t ” tt ¥
Nah) bre rary be Ay phew Sydiet ht ttacs i rhe

HE yk, 1

H see oui | revs ad ie Ty

lle)

mate Pan ti vt Ht
‘ah ‘ ;

rtey eth tba)

we Mab Re rMurie 1

Charen ti, al th nani a

wi
MC

A Sayok a dhe

Nee Pyle

ion att

Sitar

4
vhf

cylalyan in! Py hb wee
way hy PAPE On LAER re 4
han 3
sapuladalehs i i " Lior wy fer vA
Sa StPanet I

meet

ane he er
Wa ae y
Os 414 te¥egren
vo Me) wan

bao) Silt Vb

'
2, on TAM \“
ta) yuna cag

Rion) ti; en
HY WG fey Nn pital ae

Shay o iv) M be ts

re
Myron ih) hit Maid

ADA aA
Di tea

i PLL aay
.
Dey hy ity wie tatty Nh

‘ AA Ue: Tht

TPE: WW ¥ ay

iv Ay na bay iste vk
F ih hare VR
, vy Retin I ' ee era ey

‘ Wi prem lalt

ales Wh Wy lay aie a Nt Went oe hee

PUES atk ATs fi) Ald Ahh FL IOEK
WAN Wi shied AR tf oka

Hohe he ey a Ny ‘y th hg rary

i, ye att i Cua

Vio

Valk

SSA rows
a HNN
Se

Asha

Internet Archive Audio

Featured

Top

Images

Featured

Top

Software

Featured

Top

Books

Featured

Top

Video

Featured

Top

Mobile Apps

Browser Extensions

Archive-It Subscription

Save Page Now

Full text of "Leaflets of western botany"

See other formats